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the Senators ( who were elected by the legislatures ) and `` requested '' the Representatives ( who were elected by the people ) . On rare occasions a Senator resigned rather than follow instructions . The opposition Federalist Party quickly declined , suffering from a lack of leadership after the death of Hamilton and the retirement of John Adams . It revived briefly in opposition to the War of 1812 , but the extremism of its Hartford Convention of 1815 utterly destroyed it as a political force . </P> <H3> National debt ( edit ) </H3> <P> Jefferson and Albert Gallatin focused on the danger that the public debt , unless it was paid off , would be a threat to republican values . They were appalled that Hamilton was increasing the national debt and using it to solidify his Federalist base . Gallatin was the Republican Party 's chief expert on fiscal issues and as Treasury Secretary under Jefferson and Madison worked hard to lower taxes and lower the debt , while at the same time paying cash for the Louisiana Purchase and funding the War of 1812 . Burrows says of Gallatin : </P> <P> His own fears of personal dependency and his small shopkeeper 's sense of integrity , both reinforced by a strain of radical republican thought that originated in England a century earlier , convinced him that public debts were a nursery of multiple public evils -- corruption , legislative impotence , executive tyranny , social inequality , financial speculation , and personal indolence . Not only was it necessary to extinguish the existing debt as rapidly as possible , he argued , but Congress would have to ensure against the accumulation of future debts by more diligently supervising government expenditures . </P> <P> However , after examining at Jefferson 's direction the economic structures that Hamilton had created , Gallatin reported : </P> <P> I have found the most perfect system ever formed , and any change that should be made , would only injure it - Hamilton made no blunders , commited no frauds - he did nothing wrong . </P> <P> Fear of a large debt is a major legacy of the party . Andrew Jackson believed the national debt was a `` national curse '' and he took special pride in paying off the entire national debt in 1835 . Politicians ever since have used the issue of a high national debt to denounce the other party for profligacy and a threat to fiscal soundness and the nation 's future . </P> <H2> Monroe and Adams ( 1816 -- 1828 ) ( edit ) </H2> <P> In rapidly expanding western states , the Federalists had few supporters . Every state had a distinct political geography that shaped party membership . In Pennsylvania , the Republicans were weakest around Philadelphia and strongest in Scots - Irish settlements in the west . Members came from all social classes , but came predominantly from the poor , subsistence farmers , mechanics and tradesmen . After the War of 1812 , partisanship subsided across the young republic -- people called it the Era of Good Feelings . James Monroe narrowly won the party 's nomination for President in Congress over William Crawford in 1816 and defeated Federalist Rufus King in the general election . </P> <P> In the early years of the party , the key central organization grew out of caucuses of Congressional leaders in Washington . However , the key battles to choose electors occurred in the states , not in the caucus . In many cases , legislatures still chose electors ; and in others , the election of electors was heavily influenced by local parties that were heavily controlled by relatively small groups of officials . Without a significant Federalist opposition , the need for party unity was greatly diminished and the party 's organization faded away . </P> <P> James Monroe ran under the party 's banner in the 1820 election and built support by consensus . Monroe faced no serious rival and was nearly unanimously elected by the electoral college . The party 's historic domination by the Virginian delegation faded as New York and Pennsylvania became more important . In the 1824 election , most of the party in Congress boycotted the caucus ; only a small rump group backed William Crawford . The Crawford faction included most `` Old Republicans '' -- those who remained committed to states ' rights and the Principles of 1798 and were distrustful of the nationalizing program promoted by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun . </P> <P> Thomas Jefferson wrote on the state of party politics in the early 1820s : </P> <P> An opinion prevails that there is no longer any distinction , that the republicans & Federalists are completely amalgamated but it is not so . The amalgamation is of name only , not of principle . All indeed call themselves by the name of Republicans , because that of Federalists was extinguished in the battle of New Orleans . But the truth is that finding that monarchy is a desperate wish in this country , they rally to the point which they think next best , a consolidated government . Their aim is now therefore to break down the rights reserved by the constitution to the states as a bulwark against that consolidation , the fear of which produced the whole of the opposition to the constitution at its birth . Hence new Republicans in Congress , preaching the doctrines of the old Federalists , and the new nick - names of Ultras and Radicals . But I trust they will fail under the new , as the old name , and that the friends of the real constitution and union will prevail against consolidation , as they have done against monarchism . I scarcely know myself which is most to be deprecated , a consolidation , or dissolution of the states . The horrors of both are beyond the reach of human foresight . </P> <P> In the aftermath of the disputed 1824 presidential election , the separate factions took on many characteristics of parties in their own right . Adams ' supporters , in league with Clay , favored modernization , banks , industrial development and federal spending for roads and other internal improvements , which the Old Republicans and the Jackson men usually opposed . Writing in his personal journal on December 13 , 1826 , President Adams noted the difficulty he faced in attempting to be nonpartisan in appointing men to office : </P> <P> And it is upon the occasion of appointments to office that all the wormwood and the gall of the old party hatred ooze out . Not a vacancy to any office occurs but there is a distinguished federalist started and pushed home as a candidate to fill it -- always well qualified , sometimes in an eminent degree , and yet so obnoxious to the Republican party that he can not be appointed without exciting a vehement clamor against him and against the Administration . It becomes thus impossible to fill any appointment without offending one - half the community -- the federalists , if their associate is overlooked ; the Republicans , if he is preferred . </P> <P> Presidential electors were now all chosen by direct election , except in South Carolina , where the state legislatures chose them . White manhood suffrage was the norm throughout the West and in most of the East as well . The voters thus were much more powerful , and to win their votes required complex party organization . Under the leadership of Martin Van Buren , a firm believer in political organization , the Jacksonians built strong state and local organizations throughout the country . The Old Republicans , or `` Radicals '' , mostly supported Jackson and joined with supporters of incumbent Vice President Calhoun in an alliance . President Adams was defeated by Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828 . </P> <H2> Republican party name ( edit ) </H2> <P> Political parties were new in the United States , and people were not accustomed to having formal names for them . There was no single , official name for the party . Party members generally called themselves `` Republicans '' and voted for what they called the `` Republican party '' , `` republican ticket '' or `` republican interest '' . Jefferson and Madison often used the terms `` republican '' and `` Republican party '' in their letters . The 1804 Convention of Republican members of Congress that renominated Jefferson described itself as a `` regular republican caucus '' . The name Democratic - Republican was used by contemporaries only occasionally . </P> <P> The term `` republican '' was in widespread usage from the 1770s to describe the type of government the break - away colonies wanted to form : a republic of three separate branches of government derived from some principles and structure from ancient republics ; especially the emphasis on civic duty and the opposition to corruption , elitism , aristocracy and monarchy . The word is used in the United States Constitution . </P> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> Further information : First Party System and Second Party System <P> A split appeared in the then Republican party during the 1824 elections ( at the end of the Monroe administration ) . When the election was thrown to the House of Representatives , Henry Clay backed John Quincy Adams to deny the presidency to Andrew Jackson , a longtime political rival . Jackson defeated Adams in 1828 and in the next election the first Democratic national convention took place in Baltimore , Maryland on May 21 -- 23 , 1832 . It nominated Andrew Jackson for a second term and he went on to win the presidential election . </P> <P> The Adams / Clay alliance became the basis of the National Republican Party , a rival to the Jackson 's Democracy and one of the successors of the Democratic - Republican Party . This party favored a higher tariff in order to protect U.S. manufacturers , as well as public works , especially roads . Many former members of the defunct Federalist Party , including Daniel Webster , joined the party . After Clay 's defeat by Jackson in the 1832 presidential election , the National Republicans were absorbed into the Whig Party , a diverse group of Jackson opponents . Taking a leaf from the Jacksonians , the Whigs tended to nominate non-ideological war heroes as their presidential candidates . The Whig party fell apart in the 1850s over the question of whether to allow the expansion of slavery into new territories . </P> <P> The modern Republican Party was formed in 1854 to oppose the expansion of slavery . Many former Whig party leaders ( such as Abraham Lincoln -- modern Republican Party supporters still sometimes refer to themselves as `` the party of Lincoln '' ) and former Free Soil Party leaders joined the newly formed anti-slavery party . The party sought to combine Jefferson 's ideals of liberty and equality with Clay 's program of using an active government to modernize the economy . </P> <H2> Presidents ( edit ) </H2> <P> Four United States Presidents were elected following a process that selected them as a national nominee of the Democratic - Republican party . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> State </Th> <Th> Presidency start date </Th> <Th> Presidency end date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Thomas Jefferson </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Virginia </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1801 </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1809 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> James Madison </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Virginia </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1809 </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1817 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> James Monroe </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Virginia </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1817 </Td> <Td> March 4 , 1825 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> John Quincy Adams </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Massachusetts </Td>

The breakup of the Democratic-Republican Party was caused by

What caused the breakup of the democratic republican party?

4980328185343503580

You 'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine - wikipedia <H1> You 'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` You 'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Lou Rawls </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album All Things in Time </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Let 's Fall in Love All Over Again '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> May 1976 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> R&B , jazz , disco </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 26 ( album version ) 3 : 36 ( single edit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Philadelphia International Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Kenny Gamble Leon Huff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Kenny Gamble Leon Huff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Lou Rawls singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` A Natural Man '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` You 'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine '' ( 1976 ) </Td> <Td> `` Groovy People '' ( 1976 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` A Natural Man '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` You 'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine '' ( 1976 ) </Td> <Td> `` Groovy People '' ( 1976 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` You 'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine '' ( written by Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff ) is a song performed by R&B singer Lou Rawls on his 1976 album All Things in Time . The song proved to be Rawls ' breakthrough hit , reaching number one on both the R&B and Easy Listening charts as well as number four on the dance chart and number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 , where it was kept from the top spot for two weeks by `` You Should Be Dancing '' by The Bee Gees and `` ( Shake , Shake , Shake ) Shake Your Booty '' by KC and the Sunshine Band , respectively . This was the first and only time that one of Rawls ' records managed to reach Billboard 's pop top ten . It was the first big hit for Philadelphia International to feature the reformulated MFSB , after many of the original members left Gamble and Huff for better opportunities . The song started Rawls ' live shows from 1977 on . </P> <P> The single went on to sell over a million copies and was certified gold by the RIAA . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 1.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Later uses </Li> <Li> 3 Cover versions </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1976 -- 77 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia KMR </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada RPM Top Singles </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Black Singles </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1976 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1977 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 97 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Later uses ( edit ) </H2> <P> It can also be heard in the films The Hot Chick ( 2002 ) , Guess Who ( 2005 ) , Disturbia ( 2007 ) , Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs ( 2009 ) , Hit and Run ( 2012 ) , Veronica Mars ( 2014 ) , and on the TV sitcoms My Wife and Kids ( 2001 -- 2005 ) , in which Lou Rawls himself sings it to Damon Wayans during a colonoscopy , That ' 70s Show ( 1998 -- 2006 ) , South Park ( 1997 -- ) , Two and a Half Men ( 2003 -- 2015 ) , and Psych ( 2006 -- 2014 ) . The song could also be heard in an episode of The Proud Family , where Lou Rawls sings and dances with Penny Proud . In addition , it was performed by the singer in doll form in an Action League Now ! segment on KaBlam ! . The song `` If You Could Love Me '' by Edwyn Collins uses many of the same chords , and has a similar sound . Rocco DiSpirito and Karina Smirnoff also danced the rumba to this song in week 2 of season 7 of Dancing with the Stars . </P> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` You 'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine '' has been covered by singers Michael Bublé , Laura Pausini , reggae singer John Holt and by the Dub Pistols ( who use a sample of John Holt 's version ) on their Speakers and Tweeters album . Jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine covered the song on his 1976 album The Man with the Sad Face . as did Hank Crawford on Hank Crawford 's Back . This song was also featured on The Proud Family Soundtrack . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of number - one R&B singles of 1976 ( U.S. ) </Li> <Li> List of number - one adult contemporary singles of 1976 ( U.S. ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 - 2004 . Record Research . p. 483 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Hot Dance / Disco : 1974 - 2003 . Record Research . p. 213 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Billboard Hot 100 '' . 1976 - 09 - 04 . Retrieved 2015 - 06 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Billboard Hot 100 '' . 1976 - 09 - 11 . Retrieved 2015 - 06 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Hits Just Keep On Comin ' : You 'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine '' . Hitsjustkeeponcomin.blogspot.com. 2005 - 01 - 12 . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 12 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Archived copy '' . Archived from the original on June 2 , 2016 . Retrieved October 27 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Image : RPM Weekly - Library and Archives Canada '' . Bac-lac.gc.ca . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 12 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2002 ) . Top Adult Contemporary : 1961 - 2001 . Record Research . p. 200 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top Singles -- Volume 26 , No. 14 & 15 , January 08 1977 '' . RPM . Library and Archives Canada . Retrieved June 13 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits of 1976 / Top 100 Songs of 1976 '' . Musicoutfitters.com . Retrieved 2016 - 10 - 12 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Erlewine , Michael . The Man with the Sad Face -- Review at AllMusic . Retrieved April 16 , 2015 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Lou Rawls </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Stormy Monday </Li> <Li> All Things in Time </Li> <Li> Unmistakably Lou </Li> <Li> When You Hear Lou , You 've Heard It All </Li> <Li> Let Me Be Good to You </Li> <Li> Sit Down and Talk to Me </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Love Is a Hurtin ' Thing '' </Li> <Li> `` Your Good Thing ( Is About to End ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Bring It On Home to Me '' </Li> <Li> `` You 'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine '' </Li> <Li> `` Lady Love '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You%27ll_Never_Find_Another_Love_Like_Mine&oldid=803225603 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1976 singles </Li> <Li> 1976 songs </Li> <Li> Billboard Adult Contemporary number - one singles </Li> <Li> Billboard Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs number - one singles </Li> <Li> Lou Rawls songs </Li> <Li> Philadelphia International Records singles </Li> <Li> Songs written by Kenny Gamble </Li> <Li> Songs written by Leon Huff </Li> <Li> Songs from animated films </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with dead external links from July 2016 </Li> <Li> Articles with permanently dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Português </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 1 October 2017 , at 07 : 04 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine" is sung by

Who sings the song you'll never find another love like mine?

2805887687535578482

</Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Justin Wilkes </Li> <Li> Dave Sirulnick </Li> <Li> Jon Kamen </Li> <Li> Tom Keany </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mary Barclay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Declan Quinn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Editor ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jesse Gordon </Li> <Li> Edward A. Bishop </Li> <Li> Paul Little </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 50 -- 56 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> RadicalMedia </Li> <Li> Worldwide Pants Inc . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Netflix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> January 12 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 12 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Official website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman is an American web television talk show hosted by David Letterman . The series consists of interviews with one guest per episode both inside and outside a studio setting . </P> <P> The first season will consist of six episodes and will include interviews with Barack Obama , George Clooney , Malala Yousafzai , Jay - Z , Tina Fey , and Howard Stern . Obama was the first guest on the show , with the first episode released on Netflix on January 12 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Production <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Development </Li> <Li> 1.2 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> On August 8 , 2017 , it was announced that Netflix had ordered a six - episode interview series starring David Letterman . Each hour - long episode will feature Letterman conducting a longform conversation with a single guest and in - the - field segments , in which he will explore topics on his own . </P> <P> On January 5 , 2018 , Netflix released further information about the series . It was announced that Letterman 's guests in the first season would include Barack Obama , George Clooney , Malala Yousafzai , Jay - Z , Tina Fey , and Howard Stern . It was also announced that the series would premiere on January 12 , 2018 with Letterman 's interview with Obama . This interview was Obama 's first since leaving office . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <P> The show 's theme song and bridging music were written and recorded by Letterman 's long - time bandleader , Paul Shaffer . Soon after it was announced publicly that Netflix had given the series an order , Shaffer received a phone call from Letterman asking him to work on the show . Soon after , Shaffer began to receive cuts of episodes from the first season and he started to put music in afterwards where the director thought it was needed . </P> <P> In developing the sound of the show 's music , Shaffer initially looked to Letterman for guidance . Finding none , he remembered he and Letterman 's shared love for the sort of music produced at the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield , Alabama describing it as `` the honesty you hear , the southern soul feeling . '' The score initially included drums but the show 's producers and director thought that the music should `` feel like it 's Dave 's old friend Paul playing . '' so it was ultimately stripped down to solely include piano , organ , and bass guitar . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Featured guest </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` It 's a Whole New Ball Game Now '' </Td> <Td> Barack Obama </Td> <Td> January 12 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Cold open : Letterman interviewing Obama on Late Show with David Letterman . On - location segment : Walking with Congressman John Lewis across the Edmund Pettus Bridge , site of the civil rights movement 's Bloody Sunday in 1965 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` You Be the Newsman , I 'll Be Liz Taylor '' </Td> <Td> George Clooney </Td> <Td> February 9 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 09 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Cold open : Letterman and Clooney outside of LAX watching planes land and eating fast food . On - location segment : At the home of Nick Clooney meeting Iraqi refugee Hazim Avdal whom the Clooney family is sponsoring . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` You Know , She Has a Nobel Peace Prize '' </Td> <Td> Malala Yousafzai </Td> <Td> March 9 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 09 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Cold open : Letterman accompanies Yousafzai as she leads a tour group at Lady Margaret Hall , Oxford . On - location segment : Yousafzai continues to lead the tour group as Letterman tags along , the pair browse in the University of Oxford shop , and Letterman eats lunch with Yousafzai 's father . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` I Had a Paper Route Too '' </Td> <Td> Jay - Z </Td> <Td> April 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 06 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Cold open : None On - location segment : Letterman visits Shangri La Studio , speaks with music producer Rick Rubin and listens to Madison Ryann Ward recording . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> `` TBA '' </Td> <Td> Tina Fey </Td> <Td> May 4 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> `` TBA '' </Td> <Td> Howard Stern </Td> <Td> May 31 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first season of My Next Guest Needs No Introduction has been met with a positive response from critics . On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes , the first season holds a 80 % approval rating with an average rating of 6.4 out of 10 based on 25 reviews . Metacritic , which uses a weighted average , assigned the season a score of 70 out of 100 based on 13 reviews , indicating `` generally favorable reviews '' . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( August 8 , 2017 ) . `` David Letterman Returns To Television With Netflix Series '' . Deadline . Retrieved January 13 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` David Letterman makes his return to television on Netflix '' ( Press release ) . Hollywood , CA : Netflix . August 8 , 2017 . Retrieved August 8 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hipes , Patrick ( January 5 , 2018 ) . `` David Letterman 's Netflix Show To Bow January 12 With Barack Obama As First Guest '' . Deadline . Retrieved January 13 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lewis , Hilary ( January 5 , 2018 ) . `` David Letterman 's Netflix Talk Show Sets Barack Obama as First Guest '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved January 13 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stuever , Hank ( January 12 , 2018 ) . `` Review : Letterman sits down with Obama , but both men seem rusty and off their game '' . Washington Post . Retrieved January 13 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Leight , Elias ( February 2 , 2018 ) . `` Paul Shaffer on Writing Letterman 's Netflix Theme Song & the Value of Humor in Pop '' . Billboard . Retrieved February 9 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Carr , Mary Kate ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` What 's on Netflix in May : The best shows and movies to watch this month '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved April 24 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Douglas , Nick ( April 24 , 2018 ) . `` Here 's What 's Coming And Going From Netflix In May 2018 '' . Lifehacker . Retrieved April 24 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` My Next Guest Needs No Introduction With David Letterman : Season 1 - Rotten Tomatoes '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved January 13 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` My Next Guest Needs No Introduction With David Letterman : Season 1 - Metacritic '' . Metacritic . 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James Stewart ) is the pilot of a twin - engine Fairchild C - 82 Packet cargo plane flying from Jaghbub to Benghazi in Libya ; Lew Moran ( Richard Attenborough ) is the navigator . The passengers include Capt . Harris ( Peter Finch ) and Sgt . Watson ( Ronald Fraser ) of the British Army ; Dr. Renaud ( Christian Marquand ) , a physician ; Heinrich Dorfmann ( Hardy Krüger ) , a German aeronautical engineer ; and an oil company accountant named Standish ( Dan Duryea ) . There are also several oil workers , including Trucker Cobb ( Ernest Borgnine ) , a mentally - disturbed foreman ; Ratbags Crow ( Ian Bannen ) , a mean - spirited , sardonic Scot ; Carlos ( Alex Montoya ) and his pet monkey ; and Gabriel ( Gabriele Tinti ) . </P> <P> A sudden sandstorm disables the engines , forcing Towns to crash - land in the desert . As the aircraft careens to a stop , several oil drums and oil drilling tools break loose and severely injure Gabriel 's leg . Two other workers are killed . </P> <P> The radio is unusable , but the survivors are too far off - course to be found and rescued . They have a large quantity of dates for food , but their water will last for only ten to fifteen days even if they avoid physical exertion . Harris and Carlos attempt to walk to an oasis . Carlos leaves his monkey behind with the men . Harris and Towns refuse to let Cobb go along , but Cobb defiantly follows and dies . Days later , Harris returns to the crash site alone and barely alive . </P> <P> Meanwhile , Dorfmann has been working on a radical idea : He believes they can build a new aircraft from the wreckage . The C - 82 has twin booms extending rearwards from each engine and connected by the horizontal stabilizer . Dorfmann 's plan is to attach the outer sections of the both wings to the left engine and left boom , discarding the center fuselage and both inner wing sections of the aircraft . The passengers will ride on top of the wings . Harris and Moran believe he is either joking or delusional . The argument is complicated by a personality clash between Towns , a proud old traditionalist aviator , and Dorfmann , an equally proud young technician . Moran struggles to keep the peace . </P> <P> Although Towns is resistant , Renaud points out that activity and any hope will keep the men 's morale up , and so Towns agrees with the plan . Dorfmann supervises the reconstruction , while Towns remains doubtful . During the work , Gabriel commits suicide by slitting his wrist , making the men so depressed that they contemplate giving up the new plane 's construction . Dorfmann is caught exceeding his water ration , but explains that he alone has been working continuously , and promises to not do it again while demanding they all work equally hard . Moran talks Towns into resuming work on the aircraft . </P> <P> When the new aircraft is almost complete , Standish labels it `` The Phoenix '' after the mythical bird that is reborn from its ashes . Any good mood , however , is quashed after a band of natives comes nearby . While the others ( and the aircraft ) remain hidden , Harris and Renaud go to ask them for help -- and are murdered . Additionally , Towns and Moran learn that Dorfmann designs model airplanes rather than full - sized ones . Dorfmann claims that the principles are exactly the same , and that in many aspects models require much more exacting designs and can be less forgiving than full - size aircraft , but Towns and Moran are horrified at the idea of flying a plane made by a man who works with `` toys '' . Without any other choice , however , they decide to forge ahead with the plan . </P> <P> Just as the water supplies are exhausted , the Phoenix is completed . Only seven starter cartridges are available for the engine , and the first four startup attempts are unsuccessful . Towns decides to fire the fifth cartridge with the ignition off , to clear the engine 's cylinders , which he does over Dorfmann 's strenuous objection . The next startup is successful . The men pull the Phoenix to a nearby hilltop and climb onto the wings . When Towns guns the engine , the Phoenix slides down the hill and along a lake bed before taking off . After landing at an oasis with a manned oil rig , the men celebrate and Towns and Dorfmann are reconciled . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> James Stewart as Capt . Frank Towns </Li> <Li> Richard Attenborough as Lew Moran </Li> <Li> Hardy Krüger as Heinrich Dorfmann </Li> <Li> Peter Finch as Capt . Harris </Li> <Li> Ernest Borgnine as Trucker Cobb </Li> <Li> Ian Bannen as `` Ratbags '' Crow </Li> <Li> Ronald Fraser as Sgt . Watson </Li> <Li> Christian Marquand as Dr. Renaud </Li> <Li> Dan Duryea as Standish </Li> <Li> George Kennedy as Mike Bellamy </Li> <Li> Gabriele Tinti as Gabriel </Li> <Li> Alex Montoya as Carlos </Li> <Li> Peter Bravos as Tasso </Li> <Li> William Aldrich as Bill </Li> <Li> Barrie Chase as Farida </Li> <Li> Stanley Ralph Ross as Arab singer ( voice ; uncredited ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Locations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Principal photography started April 26 , 1965 , at the 20th Century - Fox Studios and 20th Century - Fox Ranch , California . Other filming locations , simulating the desert , were Buttercup Valley , Arizona and Pilot Knob Mesa , California . The flying sequences were all filmed at Pilot Knob Mesa near Winterhaven , located in California 's Imperial Valley , on the western fringes of Yuma , Arizona . </P> <H3> Aircraft used ( edit ) </H3> The Phoenix `` static '' model as seen in the film <P> In 2005 , Hollywood aviation historian Simon Beck identified the aircraft used in the film : </P> <Ul> <Li> Fairchild C - 82A Packet , N6887C -- flying shots . </Li> <Li> Fairchild C - 82A Packet , N4833V -- outdoor location wreck . </Li> <Li> Fairchild C - 82A Packet , N53228 -- indoor studio wreck . </Li> <Li> Fairchild R4Q - 1 Flying Boxcar ( the USMC C - 119C variant ) , BuNo. 126580 -- non-flying Phoenix prop . </Li> <Li> Tallmantz Phoenix P - 1 , N93082 -- flying Phoenix aircraft . </Li> <Li> North American O - 47 A , N4725V -- second flying Phoenix . </Li> </Ul> <P> The C - 82As were from Steward - Davies Inc. at Long Beach , California , while the O - 47A came from the Planes of Fame air museum in California . The R4Q - 1 was purchased from Allied Aircraft of Phoenix , Arizona . The aerial camera platform was a B - 25J Mitchell , N1042B , which was also used in the 1970 film Catch - 22 . The flying sequences were flown by Paul Mantz , co-owner of the Tallmantz Aviation , filling in for his partner Frank Tallman , who had injured his leg . </P> <P> A famous racing / stunt / movie pilot and collector of warplanes , Paul Mantz was flying the Tallmantz Phoenix P - 1 , the machine that was `` made of the wreckage '' , in front of the cameras on the morning of July 8 , 1965 . He was performing touch - and - go landings , and on one touchdown the fuselage buckled . The movie model broke apart and cartwheeled , killing Mantz and seriously injuring stuntman Bobby Rose on board . </P> <P> Although principal photography was completed on August 13 , 1965 , in order to complete filming , a North American O - 47 A ( N4725V ) from the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino , California was modified and used as a flying Phoenix stand - in . With the canopy removed , a set of skids attached to the main landing gear as well as ventral fin added to the tail , it sufficed as more - or-less a visual lookalike . Filming using the O - 47A was completed in October / November 1965 . It appears in the last flying scenes , painted to look like the earlier Phoenix P - 1 . </P> <P> The final production utilized a mix of footage that included the O - 47A , the `` cobbled - together '' Phoenix and Phoenix P - 1 . </P> <P> The final credit on the screen was , `` It should be remembered ... that Paul Mantz , a fine man and a brilliant flyer gave his life in the making of this film ... '' </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film opened in selected theaters on December 15 , 1965 , with a full release in 1966 . Bosley Crowther of the New York Times dismissed it as `` grim and implausible '' , while Variety praised the film as an `` often - fascinating and superlative piece of filmmaking highlighted by standout performances and touches that show producer - director at his best . '' </P> <H2> Awards ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Flight of the Phoenix was nominated for two Academy Awards : Ian Bannen for Supporting Actor and Michael Luciano for Film Editing . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Flight of the Phoenix ( 2004 film ) , a re-make of this film </Li> <Li> Lady Be Good ( aircraft ) </Li> <Li> List of American films of 1965 </Li> <Li> List of film accidents </Li> <Li> Survival film , about the film genre , with a list of related films </Li> <Li> Tragedy at Kufra </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Solomon , Aubrey ( 2002 ) . Twentieth Century Fox : A Corporate and Financial History ( 1st ed . ) . Lanham , Maryland : Scarecrow . ISBN 9780810842441 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Silver , Alain ; Ursini , James ( 1995 ) . Whatever Happened to Robert Aldrich ? : His Life and Films ( 1st ed . ) . New York : Limelight Ed . p. 267 . ISBN 9780879101855 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Box office Robert ALDRICH '' . Box Office Story . 2013 - 05 - 27 . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Flight of the Phoenix '' . Turner Classic Movies . Retrieved February 29 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Final Flight - ' Phoenix ' '' . Check-six.com . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Crowther , Bosley ( 1966 - 02 - 01 ) . `` Movie Review -- Screen : From the Ashes : ' Flight of the Phoenix ' on View at 2 Theaters '' . The New York Times ( nytimes.com ) . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Variety staff ( 1964 ) . Flight of the Phoenix , film review , Variety , December 31 , 1964 . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . `` The 38th Academy Awards , 1966 '' , honoring

The original flight of the Phoenix was filmed at

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best - selling novel of the 19th century and the second best - selling book of that century , following the Bible . It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s . In the first year after it was published , 300,000 copies of the book were sold in the United States ; one million copies in Great Britain . In 1855 , three years after it was published , it was called `` the most popular novel of our day . '' The impact attributed to the book is great , reinforced by a story that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the Civil War , Lincoln declared , `` So this is the little lady who started this great war . '' The quote is apocryphal ; it did not appear in print until 1896 , and it has been argued that `` The long - term durability of Lincoln 's greeting as an anecdote in literary studies and Stowe scholarship can perhaps be explained in part by the desire among many contemporary intellectuals ... to affirm the role of literature as an agent of social change . '' </P> <P> The book and the plays it inspired helped popularize a number of stereotypes about black people . These include the affectionate , dark - skinned `` mammy '' ; the `` pickaninny '' stereotype of black children ; and the `` Uncle Tom '' , or dutiful , long - suffering servant faithful to his white master or mistress . In recent years , the negative associations with Uncle Tom 's Cabin have , to an extent , overshadowed the historical impact of the book as a `` vital antislavery tool . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Sources </Li> <Li> 2 Publication </Li> <Li> 3 Plot <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Eliza escapes with her son , Tom sold `` down the river '' </Li> <Li> 3.2 Eliza 's family hunted , Tom 's life with St. Clare </Li> <Li> 3.3 Tom sold to Simon Legree </Li> <Li> 3.4 Final section </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Major characters <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Uncle Tom </Li> <Li> 4.2 Eliza </Li> <Li> 4.3 Eva </Li> <Li> 4.4 Simon Legree </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Other characters </Li> <Li> 6 Major themes </Li> <Li> 7 Style </Li> <Li> 8 Reactions to the novel <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Contemporary and world reaction </Li> <Li> 8.2 Literary significance and criticism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Creation and popularization of stereotypes </Li> <Li> 10 Anti-Tom literature </Li> <Li> 11 Dramatic adaptations <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Tom shows </Li> <Li> 11.2 On the plays </Li> <Li> 11.3 Film adaptations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 Collections </Li> <Li> 14 Notes </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Sources </H2> <P> Stowe , a Connecticut - born teacher at the Hartford Female Seminary and an active abolitionist , wrote the novel as a response to the passage , in 1850 , of the second Fugitive Slave Act . Much of the book was composed in Brunswick , Maine , where her husband , Calvin Ellis Stowe , taught at his alma mater , Bowdoin College . </P> An engraving of Harriet Beecher Stowe from 1872 , based on an oil painting by Alonzo Chappel <P> Stowe was partly inspired to create Uncle Tom 's Cabin by the slave narrative The Life of Josiah Henson , Formerly a Slave , Now an Inhabitant of Canada , as Narrated by Himself ( 1849 ) . Henson , a formerly enslaved black man , had lived and worked on a 3,700 acres ( 15 km ) tobacco plantation in North Bethesda , Maryland , owned by Isaac Riley . Henson escaped slavery in 1830 by fleeing to the Province of Upper Canada ( now Ontario ) , where he helped other fugitive slaves settle and become self - sufficient , and where he wrote his memoirs . Stowe acknowledged in 1853 that Henson 's writings inspired Uncle Tom 's Cabin . When Stowe 's work became a best - seller , Henson republished his memoirs as The Memoirs of Uncle Tom and traveled on lecture tours extensively in the United States and Europe . Stowe 's novel lent its name to Henson 's home -- Uncle Tom 's Cabin Historic Site , near Dresden , Canada -- which since the 1940s has been a museum . The cabin where Henson lived while he was enslaved no longer exists , but a cabin on the Riley farm erroneously thought to be the Henson Cabin was purchased by the Montgomery County , Maryland , government in 2006 . It is now a part of the National Park Service National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom program , and plans are underway to build a museum and interpretive center on the site . </P> <P> American Slavery As It Is : Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses , a volume co-authored by Theodore Dwight Weld and the Grimké sisters , is also a source of some of the novel 's content . Stowe said she based the novel on a number of interviews with people who escaped slavery during the time when she was living in Cincinnati , Ohio , across the Ohio River from Kentucky , a slave state . In Cincinnati the Underground Railroad had local abolitionist sympathizers and was active in efforts to help runaway slaves on their escape route from the South . </P> <P> Stowe mentioned a number of the inspirations and sources for her novel in A Key to Uncle Tom 's Cabin ( 1853 ) . This non-fiction book was intended to verify Stowe 's claims about slavery . However , later research indicated that Stowe did not read many of the book 's cited works until after she had published her novel . </P> <H2> Publication </H2> The National Era , June 5 , 1851 <P> Uncle Tom 's Cabin first appeared as a 40 - week serial in The National Era , an abolitionist periodical , starting with the June 5 , 1851 , issue . It was originally intended as a shorter narrative that would run for only a few weeks . Stowe expanded the story significantly , however , and it was instantly popular , such that several protests were sent to the Era office when she missed an issue . Because of the story 's popularity , the publisher John P. Jewett contacted Stowe about turning the serial into a book . While Stowe questioned if anyone would read Uncle Tom 's Cabin in book form , she eventually consented to the request . </P> <P> Convinced the book would be popular , Jewett made the unusual decision ( for the time ) to have six full - page illustrations by Hammatt Billings engraved for the first printing . Published in book form on March 20 , 1852 , the novel sold 3,000 copies on that day alone , and soon sold out its complete print run . A number of other editions were soon printed ( including a deluxe edition in 1853 , featuring 117 illustrations by Billings ) . </P> <P> In the first year of publication , 300,000 copies of Uncle Tom 's Cabin were sold . At that point , however , `` demand came to an unexpected halt ... No more copies were produced for many years , and if , as is claimed , Abraham Lincoln greeted Stowe in 1862 as ' the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war , ' the work had effectively been out of print for many years . '' Jewett went out of business , and it was not until Ticknor and Fields put the work back in print in November 1862 that demand began again to increase . </P> <P> The book was translated into all major languages , and in the United States it became the second best - selling book after the Bible . A number of the early editions carried an introduction by Rev James Sherman , a Congregational minister in London noted for his abolitionist views . Uncle Tom 's Cabin sold equally well in Britain , with the first London edition appearing in May 1852 and selling 200,000 copies . In a few years over 1.5 million copies of the book were in circulation in Britain , although most of these were infringing copies ( a similar situation occurred in the United States ) . </P> <H2> Plot </H2> <H3> Eliza escapes with her son , Tom sold `` down the River '' </H3> Full - page illustration by Hammatt Billings for Uncle Tom 's Cabin depicts Eliza telling Uncle Tom that he has been sold and she is running away to save her child ( first edition : Boston : John P. Jewett and Company , 1852 ) . <P> The book opens with a Kentucky farmer named Arthur Shelby facing the loss of his farm because of debts . Even though he and his wife Emily Shelby believe that they have a benevolent relationship with their slaves , Shelby decides to raise the needed funds by selling two of them -- Uncle Tom , a middle - aged man with a wife and children , and Harry , the son of Emily Shelby 's maid Eliza -- to a slave trader . Emily Shelby is averse to this idea because she had promised her maid that her child would never be sold ; Emily 's son , George Shelby , hates to see Tom go because he sees the man as his friend and mentor . </P> <P> When Eliza overhears Mr. and Mrs. Shelby discussing plans to sell Tom and Harry , Eliza determines to run away with her son . The novel states that Eliza made this decision because she fears losing her only surviving child ( she had already miscarried two children ) . Eliza departs that night , leaving a note of apology to her mistress . </P> <P> Tom is sold and placed on a riverboat which sets sail down the Mississippi River . While on board , Tom meets and befriends a young white girl named Eva . Eva 's father Augustine St. Clare buys Tom from the slave trader and takes him with the family to their home in New Orleans . Tom and Eva begin to relate to one another because of the deep Christian faith they both share . </P> <H3> Eliza 's family hunted , Tom 's Life with St. Clare </H3> Illustration of Tom and Eva by Hammatt Billings for the 1853 deluxe edition of Uncle Tom 's Cabin . <P> During Eliza 's escape , she meets up with her husband George Harris , who had run away previously . They decide to attempt to reach Canada . However , they are tracked by a slave hunter named Tom Loker . Eventually Loker and his men trap Eliza and her family , causing George to shoot him in the side . Worried that Loker may die , Eliza convinces George to bring the slave hunter to a nearby Quaker settlement for medical treatment . </P> <P> Back in New Orleans , St. Clare debates slavery with his Northern cousin Ophelia who , while opposing slavery , is prejudiced against black people . St. Clare , however , believes he is not biased , even though he is a slave owner . In an attempt to show Ophelia that her views on blacks are wrong , St. Clare purchases Topsy , a young black slave , and asks Ophelia to educate her . </P> <P> After Tom has lived with the St. Clares for two years , Eva grows very ill . Before she dies she experiences a vision of heaven , which she shares with the people around her . As a result of her death and vision , the other characters resolve to change their lives , with Ophelia promising to throw off her personal prejudices against blacks , Topsy saying

Uncle Tom's Cabin was first published

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-5408466178683031721

- Cochin was renamed Kerala . Later state name changes include the reorganisation of Madhya Bharat into Madhya Pradesh in 1959 ; and the renamings of the Madras State to Tamil Nadu in 1969 , of the Mysore State to Karnataka in 1973 , and of Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand in 2007 . </P> <P> Name changes have varied with respect to the levels of language at which they have been applied , and also accepted . Some of these local name changes were changes made in all languages : the immediate local name , and also all India 's other languages . An example of this is the renaming of predominantly Hindi - speaking Uttaranchal ( Hindi : उत्तराञ्चल ) to a new local Hindi name ( Hindi : उत्तराखण्ड Uttarakhand ) . Other changes were only changes in some of the indigenous languages . For example , the renaming of the Madras Presidency to Madras State in 1947 and then Tamil Nadu in 1969 required non-Tamil speakers to change from an approximation of the British name ( Tamil : மதராஸ் மாகாணம் Madras Presidency , then Madras State Tamil : மதராஸ் மாநிலம் ) to a native Tamil name ( Tamil : தமிழ்நாடு Tamil Nadu , `` Tamil land '' ) . </P> <P> In general , changes to the local names of cities in the indigenous languages are less common . However , a change in English may sometimes also be a reflection of changes in other Indian languages other than the specific local one . For example , the change of Madras ( Tamil : மதராஸ் Madras ) to Chennai ( Tamil : சென்னை Chennai ) was reflected in many of India 's languages , and incidentally in English , while the Tamil endonym had always been Chennai and remained unaffected by the change . </P> <H2> Renaming in English ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Change in official English spelling ( edit ) </H3> <P> The renaming of cities is often specifically from English to Indian English in connection with that dialect 's internal reforms . In other words , the city itself is not actually renamed in the local language , and the local name ( or endonym ) in the indigenous languages of India does not change , but the official spelling in Indian English is amended . An example is the change from English `` Calcutta '' to English `` Kolkata '' -- the local Bengali name ( কলকাতা Kôlkata ) did not change . Such changes in English spelling may be in order to better reflect a more accurate phonetic transliteration of the local name , or may be for other reasons . In the early years after Indian independence , many name changes were effected in northern India for English spellings of Hindi place names that had simply been romanised inconsistently by the British administration -- such as the British spelling `` Jubbulpore , '' renamed `` Jabalpur '' ( जबलपुर ) among the first changes in 1947 . These changes did not generate significant controversy . More recent and high - profile changes -- including renaming such major cities as Calcutta to Kolkata -- have generated greater controversy . Since independence , such changes have typically been enacted officially by legislation at local or national Indian government level , and may or may not then be adopted by the Indian media , particularly the influential Indian press . In the case of smaller towns and districts which were less notable outside and inside India , and where a well known English name ( or exonym ) could not be said to exist , older spellings used under British India may not have had any specific legislation other than changes in practice on the romanisation of indigenous Indian language names . </P> <H3> Realignment of the official Indian English name to an alternative local name ( edit ) </H3> <P> Aside from changes to the official English spellings of local names there have also been renaming proposals to realign the official name , hence the English name with an alternative local name . Ethnically sensitive examples include the proposals by the Bharatiya Janata Party ( 1990 , 2001 ) to rename Ahmedabad to Karnavati and Allahabad to Prayag . These two proposals are changes from the Muslim ( or Mughal ) name to a Hindu native name . These can be represented as a change from Urdu language to Hindi language , but since the two languages are variants of Hindustani the proposal is effectively a cultural and ethno - religious proposal rather than a linguistic one . </P> <H3> Adoption of name changes in India and overseas ( edit ) </H3> <P> Official name changes naturally take place quickly if not immediately in official government sources . Adoption may be slower among the media in India and abroad , and among Indian authors . </P> <H2> Important examples ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of renamed places in India <H3> States ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Travancore - Cochin → Kerala ( 1 November 1956 ) . </Li> <Li> Madhya Bharat → Madhya Pradesh ( 1 November 1959 ) </Li> <Li> Madras State → Tamil Nadu ( 14 January 1969 ) </Li> <Li> Mysore State → Karnataka ( 1 November 1973 ) </Li> <Li> Uttaranchal → Uttarakhand ( 1 January 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Orissa → Odisha ( 4 November 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Cities ( edit ) </H3> <P> Notable city names that were officially changed by legislation after independence include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Jabalpur ( Hindi : जबलपुर ) , from Jubbulpore , respelled in 1947 </Li> <Li> Jajmau ( Hindi : जाजमऊ ) , from Jajesmow , respelled in 1948 </Li> <Li> Kanpur ( Hindi : कानपुर ) , from Cawnpore , respelled in 1948 </Li> <Li> Vadodara ( Gujarati : વડોદરા ) , from Baroda , respelled in 1974 </Li> <Li> Thiruvananthapuram ( Malayalam : തിരുവനന്തപുരം ) , from Trivandrum , respelled in 1991 </Li> <Li> Mumbai ( Marathi : मुंबई ) , from Bombay , renamed in 1995 </Li> <Li> Kochi ( Malayalam : കൊച്ചി ) , from Cochin , respelled in 1996 </Li> <Li> Chennai ( Tamil : சென்னை ) , from Madras , renamed in 1996 </Li> <Li> Kolkata ( Bengali : কলকাতা ) , from Calcutta , respelled in 2001 </Li> <Li> Kadapa ( Telugu : కడప ) , from Cuddapah , respelled in 2005 </Li> <Li> Puducherry ( Tamil : புதுச்சேரி ) , from Pondicherry , renamed in 2006 </Li> <Li> Bengaluru ( Kannada : ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ) , from Bangalore , respelled in 2007 </Li> <Li> Belagavi from Belgaum in 2014 </Li> <Li> Tumakuru from Tumkur in 2014 </Li> <Li> Hubballi from Hubli in 2014 </Li> <Li> Shivamogga from Shimoga in 2014 </Li> <Li> Hosapete from Hospet in 2014 </Li> <Li> Mysuru from Mysore in 2014 </Li> <Li> Kalaburagi from Gulbarga in 2014 </Li> <Li> Chikkamagaluru from Chikmagalur </Li> <Li> Vijapura from Bijapur in 2014 </Li> <Li> Ballari from Bellary in 2014 </Li> <Li> Mangaluru from Mangalore in 2014 </Li> <Li> Rajahmahendravaram from Rajahmundry in 2015 </Li> <Li> Gurugram from Gurgaon in 2016 </Li> </Ul> <P> For others , by state order , see list of renamed Indian cities and states . </P> <Ul> <Li> Alappuzha , from Alleppey </Li> <Li> Guwahati ( Assamese : গুৱাহাটী ) , from Gauhati </Li> <Li> Indore , from Indhur </Li> <Li> Kanchipuram from Kāñci - pura And Conjevaram </Li> <Li> Kannur , from Cannanore </Li> <Li> Kollam , from Quilon </Li> <Li> Koyilandy , from Quilandi </Li> <Li> Kozhikode , from Calicut </Li> <Li> Kumbakonam from ancient name Kudanthai </Li> <Li> Mayiladuthurai from Mayavaram ancient name Mayuram </Li> <Li> Narmada , from Nerbudda </Li> <Li> Nagaon ( Assamese : নগাওঁ ) , from Nowgong </Li> <Li> Palakkad , from Palghat </Li> <Li> Panaji , from Panjim </Li> <Li> Pune , from Poona </Li> <Li> Ramanathapuram , from Ramnad </Li> <Li> Sagar , from Saugor </Li> <Li> Shimla , from Simla </Li> <Li> Thalassery , from Tellicherry </Li> <Li> Thanjavur , from ancient name Tanjore </Li> <Li> Thoothukudi , from Tuticorin </Li> <Li> Thrissur , from Trichur </Li> <Li> Tindivanam , from Tinthirivanam </Li> <Li> Tiruchirapalli , from Trichinopoly and its short form Trichy </Li> <Li> Tirunelveli , from Tinnevelly </Li> <Li> Tiruvallikeni , from Triplicane </Li> <Li> Udhagamandalam , from Ootacamund and its short form Ooty </Li> <Li> Viluppuram , from Vizhupparaiyar And Vizhimaa Nagaram </Li> <Li> Varanasi , from Benares </Li> <Li> Vatakara , from Badagara </Li> <Li> Virudhachalam , from Vriddhachalam ancient name Thirumudhukundram </Li> <Li> Vijayawada , from Bejawada </Li> <Li> Visakhapatnam , from Waltair , and before that Vizagapatnam and its short form Vizag </Li> </Ul> <P> Town names that derive from ancient names : </P> <Ul> <Li> Mandi , derived from Mandav Nagar </Li> <Li> Nellore , in ancient times Simhapuri </Li> </Ul> <H2> Proposed changes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Several other changes have been proposed for states and towns . </P> <H3> States and Union territories ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Goa to Govapuri </Li> <Li> Kerala to Keralam </Li> <Li> Nagaland to Naganchi </Li> <Li> West Bengal to Bengal </Li> </Ul> <H3> Towns ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Ahmedabad to Karnavati </Li> <Li> Allahabad to Prayagraj </Li> <Li> Aurangabad to Sambhajinagar </Li> <Li> Bhopal to Bhojpal </Li> <Li> Hyderabad to Bhagyanagar </Li> <Li> Mahabubabad to Manukota </Li> <Li> Mahbubnagar to Palamuru </Li> </Ul> <H2> Need for unification of spelling ( edit ) </H2> <P> India has various local languages . Even ( Romanised ) English spellings in long and wide use often vary depending upon which government department or agency uses them . To the point , a few examples are Quilandy vs. Koyilandy , Canannore vs. Kannur , and Rangiya vs. Rangia . Different departments of the government may have used official spellings in use at the time , while locations associated with Indian railways mostly maintained British - era spellings . The confusion inherent in such variations has often resulted in serious consequences like people having two `` different '' addresses ( theoretically designating the same place ) in their official records leading to legal disputes , or one house having residents of different house addresses due to differing place names . Many people argue that such confusion can lead to indeterminate and / or unintended consequences </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> India portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> List of renamed Indian cities and states </Li> <Li> Renaming in South Africa </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ India and the World Bank : The Politics of Aid and Influence - Page 126 Jason A. Kirk - 2011 `` Orissa ( Note : This state was officially renamed Odisha in March 2011 ) '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics , 1925 to the 1990s . - Page 134 Christophe Jaffrelot 1999 - `` The new state included Madhya Bharat , the Bhopal region , the former Vindhya Pradesh , Mahakoshal and Chhattisgarh ( the last two regions forming the Hindi - speaking parts in the former Madhya Pradesh ; see map , pp. xxii - xxiii ) . '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mira Kamdar Planet India : How the Fastest Growing Democracy Is Transforming ... 2007 Author 's introduction Page xi `` India 's information - technology capital 's new name , should it be adopted , will mean `` town of boiled beans . '' The name changes are not without controversy among Indians . In several instances , the name change represents a struggle between a cosmopolitan elite and a local , regional - language populace over defining the city in ways that go far beyond a simple change of name . '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Steven I. Wilkinson Votes and Violence : Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India 2006 Page 23 `` The BJP proposed in 1990 and 2001 that Ahmedabad be renamed `` Karnavati . '' Hindu , June 1 1 , 2001 . Similar proposals have been made to rename

The name of Bombay was officially changed to Mumbai in

When did the name of bombay change to mumbai?

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ATP synthase - wikipedia <H1> ATP synthase </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ATP Synthase </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Molecular model of ATP synthase determined by X-ray crystallography . Stator is not shown here . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> EC number </Th> <Td> 3.6. 3.14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CAS number </Th> <Td> 9000 - 83 - 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Databases </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IntEnz </Th> <Td> IntEnz view </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> BRENDA </Th> <Td> BRENDA entry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ExPASy </Th> <Td> NiceZyme view </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> KEGG </Th> <Td> KEGG entry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MetaCyc </Th> <Td> metabolic pathway </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PRIAM </Th> <Td> profile </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PDB structures </Th> <Td> RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gene Ontology </Th> <Td> AmiGO / QuickGO </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( show ) Search </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PMC </Th> <Td> articles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> PubMed </Th> <Td> articles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NCBI </Th> <Td> proteins </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> ATP synthase is an enzyme that creates the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) . ATP is the most commonly used `` energy currency '' of cells for most organisms . It is formed from adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) and inorganic phosphate ( P ) . The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is : </P> <Ul> <Li> ADP + P + H ⇌ ATP + H O + H </Li> </Ul> <P> The formation of ATP from ADP and P is energetically unfavorable and would normally proceed in the reverse direction . In order to drive this reaction forward , ATPase couples ATP synthesis during cellular respiration to an electrochemical gradient created by the difference in proton ( H ) concentration across the mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in bacteria . During photosynthesis in plants , ATP is synthesized by ATPase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma . </P> <P> ATP synthase consists of two main subunits , F and F , which has a rotational motor mechanism allowing for ATP production . Because of its rotating subunit ATP Synthase is a molecular machine . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Nomenclature </Li> <Li> 2 Structure and function <Ul> <Li> 2.1 F region </Li> <Li> 2.2 F region </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Binding model </Li> <Li> 4 Physiological role </Li> <Li> 5 Evolution </Li> <Li> 6 In different species <Ul> <Li> 6.1 E. coli </Li> <Li> 6.2 Yeast </Li> <Li> 6.3 Plant </Li> <Li> 6.4 Bovine </Li> <Li> 6.5 Human </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Nomenclature ( edit ) </H2> <P> The F fraction derives its name from the term `` Fraction 1 '' and F ( written as a subscript letter `` o '' , not `` zero '' ) derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin , a type of naturally - derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the F unit of ATP synthase . These functional regions consist of different protein subunits -- refer to tables . </P> <H2> Structure and function ( edit ) </H2> Bovine mitochondrial ATP synthase . The F , F , axle , and stator regions are color coded magenta , green , orange , and cyan respectively . Simplified model of F F - ATPase alias ATP synthase of E. coli . Subunits of the enzyme are labeled accordingly . Rotation engine of ATP synthase . <P> Located within the thylakoid membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane , ATP synthase consists of two regions F and F. F causes rotation of F and is made of c - ring and subunits a , b , d , F6. F is made of α , β , γ , δ ( \ displaystyle \ alpha , \ beta , \ gamma , \ delta ) subunits . F has a water soluble par that can hydrolyze ATP . F on the other hand has mainly hydrophobic regions . F F creates a pathway for protons movement across the membrane . </P> <H3> F region ( edit ) </H3> <P> The F portion of ATP synthase is hydrophilic and responsible for hydrolyzing ATP . Subunits α ( \ displaystyle \ alpha ) and β ( \ displaystyle \ beta ) make a hexamer with 6 binding sites . Three of them are catalytically inactive and they bind ADP . </P> <P> Other three subunits catalyze the ATP synthesis . The other F subunits γ , δ , ε ( \ displaystyle \ gamma , \ delta , \ epsilon ) are a part of a rotational motor mechanism . γ ( \ displaystyle \ gamma ) subunit allows β ( \ displaystyle \ beta ) to go though conformational changes , i.e closed , half open and open states allows for ATP to be bound and released once synthesized . The F particle is large and can be seen in the transmission electron microscope by negative staining . These are particles of 9 nm diameter that pepper the inner mitochondrial membrane . </P> <Table> F - Subunits <Tr> <Th> Subunit </Th> <Th> Human Gene </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> alpha </Td> <Td> ATP5A1 , ATPAF2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> beta </Td> <Td> ATP5B , ATPAF1 , C16orf7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> gamma </Td> <Td> ATP5C1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> delta </Td> <Td> ATP5D </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> epsilon </Td> <Td> ATP5E </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> F region ( edit ) </H3> F subunit F6 from the peripheral stalk region of ATP synthase . <P> Fo is a water insoluble protein with eight subunits and transmembrane ring . The ring has a tetramer shape with protein helix loop helix that goes though conformational change when protonated and deprotonated allowing to push neighboring subunits to rotate causing the spinning of F which then affects conformation of F also , resulting on switching of states of alpha and beta subunits . The F region of ATP synthase is a proton pore that is embedded in the mitochondrial membrane . It consists of three main subunits a , b , and c , and ( in humans ) six additional subunits , d , e , f , g , F6 , and 8 ( or A6L ) . An atomic model for the dimeric yeast F region was determined by cryo - EM at an overall resolution of 3.6 Å </P> <Table> F - Main subunits <Tr> <Th> Subunit </Th> <Th> Human Gene </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ATP6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ATP5F1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ATP5G1 , ATP5G2 , ATP5G3 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Binding model ( edit ) </H2> Mechanism of ATP synthase . ADP and P ( pink ) shown being combined into ATP ( red ) , and the rotating γ ( gamma ) subunit in black causing conformation . Depiction of ATP synthase using the chemiosmotic proton gradient to power ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation . <P> In the 1960s through the 1970s , Paul Boyer , a UCLA Professor , developed the binding change , or flip - flop , mechanism theory , which postulated that ATP synthesis is dependent on a conformational change in ATP synthase generated by rotation of the gamma subunit . The research group of John E. Walker , then at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge , crystallized the F catalytic - domain of ATP synthase . The structure , at the time the largest asymmetric protein structure known , indicated that Boyer 's rotary - catalysis model was , in essence , correct . For elucidating this , Boyer and Walker shared half of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry . </P> <P> The crystal structure of the F showed alternating alpha and beta subunits ( 3 of each ) , arranged like segments of an orange around a rotating asymmetrical gamma subunit . According to the current model of ATP synthesis ( known as the alternating catalytic model ) , the transmembrane potential created by ( H+ ) proton cations supplied by the electron transport chain , drives the ( H+ ) proton cations from the intermembrane space through the membrane via the F region of ATP synthase . A portion of the F ( the ring of c - subunits ) rotates as the protons pass through the membrane . The c - ring is tightly attached to the asymmetric central stalk ( consisting primarily of the gamma subunit ) , causing it to rotate within the alpha beta of F causing the 3 catalytic nucleotide binding sites to go through a series of conformational changes that leads to ATP synthesis . The major F subunits are prevented from rotating in sympathy with the central stalk rotor by a peripheral stalk that joins the alpha beta to the non-rotating portion of F. The structure of the intact ATP synthase is currently known at low - resolution from electron cryo - microscopy ( cryo - EM ) studies of the complex . The cryo - EM model of ATP synthase suggests that the peripheral stalk is a flexible structure that wraps around the complex as it joins F to F. Under the right conditions , the enzyme reaction can also be carried out in reverse , with ATP hydrolysis driving proton pumping across the membrane . </P> <P> The binding change mechanism involves the active site of a β subunit 's cycling between three states . In the `` loose '' state , ADP and phosphate enter the active site ; in the adjacent diagram , this is shown in pink . The enzyme then undergoes a change in shape and forces these molecules together , with the active site in the resulting `` tight '' state ( shown in red ) binding the newly produced ATP molecule with very high affinity . Finally , the active site cycles back to the open state ( orange ) , releasing ATP and binding more ADP and phosphate , ready for the next cycle of ATP production . </P> <H2> Physiological role ( edit ) </H2> <P> Like other enzymes , the activity of F F ATP synthase is reversible . Large - enough quantities of ATP cause it to create a transmembrane proton gradient , this is used by fermenting bacteria that do not have an electron transport chain , but rather hydrolyze ATP to make a proton gradient , which they use to drive flagella and the transport of nutrients into the cell . </P> <P> In respiring bacteria under physiological conditions , ATP synthase , in general , runs in the opposite direction , creating ATP while using the proton motive force created by the electron transport chain as a source of energy . The overall process of creating energy in this fashion is termed oxidative phosphorylation . The same process takes place in the mitochondria , where ATP synthase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and the F - part projects into mitochondrial matrix . The consumption of ATP by ATP - synthase pumps proton cations into the matrix . </P> <H2> Evolution ( edit ) </H2> <P> The evolution of ATP synthase is thought to have been modular whereby two functionally independent subunits became associated and gained new functionality . This association appears to have occurred early in evolutionary history , because essentially the same structure and activity of ATP synthase enzymes are present in all kingdoms of life . The F - ATP synthase displays high functional and mechanistic similarity to the V - ATPase . However , whereas the F - ATP synthase generates ATP by utilising a proton gradient , the V - ATPase generates a proton gradient at the expense of ATP , generating pH values of as low as 1 . </P> <P>

The formation of ATP takes place in the

Where does the formation of atp take place?

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Anne ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> Anne ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Anne </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> Anne with an E </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Drama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Amybeth McNulty </Li> <Li> Geraldine James </Li> <Li> R.H. Thomson </Li> <Li> Lucas Jade Zumann </Li> <Li> Dalila Bela </Li> <Li> Corrine Koslo </Li> <Li> Aymeric Jett Montaz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Ahead by a Century '' by The Tragically Hip </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 7 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Elizabeth Bradley </Li> <Li> Alex Sapot </Li> <Li> Sally Catto </Li> <Li> Debra Hayward </Li> <Li> Alison Owen </Li> <Li> Miranda de Pencier </Li> <Li> Moira Walley - Beckett </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Susan Murdoch </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Bobby Shore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 44 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pelican Ballet </Li> <Li> Northwood Entertainment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Netflix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBC Television Netflix ( worldwide ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 4K ( Ultra HD ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 with Descriptive Video Service track </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> March 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 19 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Anne ( titled Anne with an E for international distribution on Netflix ) is a Canadian drama television series based on the 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery , and adapted by Emmy Award - winning writer and producer Moira Walley - Beckett . It airs on CBC in Canada , and elsewhere in the world it is available for streaming on Netflix . The first season consists of seven episodes , with Niki Caro directing the 90 - minute season premiere . The series premiered on March 19 , 2017 , on CBC , the season finale airing on April 30 , 2017 . </P> <P> On August 3 , 2017 , both CBC and Netflix renewed the series for a 10 - episode second season to premiere in 2018 . Season 2 began production in November 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Personnel </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming locations </Li> <Li> 3.4 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Themes </Li> <Li> 5 Broadcast and release </Li> <Li> 6 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Season 1 ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Reception <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Brother and sister Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert , both in late middle age ( Matthew is 60 ) , decide to take on an orphan boy to help out around their ancestral farm of Green Gables , on the outskirts of the town of Avonlea , on Prince Edward Island . When Matthew goes to pick the child up at the railway station , he finds not a boy , but a high - spirited and talkative girl , Anne Shirley . At first , the Cuthberts are inclined to send her back , particularly after Marilla 's brooch goes missing , and Anne , in despair , runs away . Reconciled and settled in her new home and school , Anne once again displays boundless enthusiasm which is nevertheless easily turned into despair when things go wrong , which they often do . Slowly , her ebullient nature wins over those around her . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Amybeth McNulty as Anne Shirley </Li> <Li> Geraldine James as Marilla Cuthbert </Li> <Li> R.H. Thomson as Matthew Cuthbert </Li> <Li> Dalila Bela as Diana Barry </Li> <Li> Lucas Jade Zumann as Gilbert Blythe </Li> <Li> Corrine Koslo as Rachel Lynde </Li> <Li> Aymeric Jett Montaz as Jerry Baynard </Li> </Ul> <H3> Others ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Jonathan Holmes as Mr. William Barry </Li> <Li> Helen Johns as Mrs. Eliza Barry </Li> <Li> Ryan Kiera Armstrong as Minnie Mary Barry </Li> <Li> Deborah Grover as Josephine Barry </Li> <Li> Wayne Best as John Blythe </Li> <Li> Phillip Williams as Thomas Lynde </Li> <Li> David Ingram as Mr. Harmon Andrews </Li> <Li> Janet Porter as Mrs. Andrews </Li> <Li> Christian Martyn as Billy Andrews </Li> <Li> Lia Pappas - Kemps as Jane Andrews </Li> <Li> Ella Jonas Farlinger as Prissy Andrews </Li> <Li> Jim Annan as Mr. Gillis </Li> <Li> Fiona Byrne as Mrs. Gillis </Li> <Li> Kyla Matthews as Ruby Gillis </Li> <Li> Jacob Ursomarzo as Moody Spurgeon </Li> <Li> Stephen Tracey as Mr. Phillips </Li> <Li> Cory Gruter - Andrew as Cole Mackenzie </Li> <Li> Miranda McKeon as Josie Pye </Li> <Li> Glenna Walters as Tillie Boulter </Li> <Li> Katelyn Wells as Mary Joe </Li> <Li> Jacob Horsley as Charlie Sloane </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> According to executive producer Miranda de Pencier , this adaptation of the novel has a different look and feel to past productions , aiming for a `` documentary level of realism '' , as reflected in the extraordinary detail which has gone into the design of sets and costumes . </P> <H3> Personnel ( edit ) </H3> <P> Besides the show itself having a larger number of female characters than male , women serving as executive producer and showrunner , the series has several female directors . For the second season , showrunner and scriptwriter Moira Walley - Beckett is joined by a team of women writers . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Approximately 1800 girls on three continents auditioned for the role of Anne Shirley . Amybeth McNulty was chosen for her ability to deliver dialogue which is `` incredibly thick and dynamic and beautiful '' , according to Miranda de Pencier . Walley - Beckett describes her as at once `` luminous , '' transparent , smart , soulful and emotional . </P> <H3> Filming locations ( edit ) </H3> <P> The series is filmed partially in Prince Edward Island as well as locations in Southern Ontario ( including Millbrook and Caledon ) . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <P> The opening theme is the song `` Ahead by a Century '' performed and originally composed by Canadian band The Tragically Hip . </P> <H2> Themes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Moira Walley - Beckett had this to say about her treatment , which is darker than the previous productions : `` In this day and age , themes of identity , prejudice , bullying , being an outsider , searching for a way to be accepted and how to belong are entirely topical and super relevant , and those are themes that are built into the story of ' Anne . ' '' She went on to call Anne Shirley an `` accidental feminist '' , and how she `` really wanted to tell this story now . '' </P> <H2> Broadcast and Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The series initially premiered on March 19 , 2017 , on CBC and aired on a weekly basis , the season finale airing on April 30 , 2017 . </P> <P> The series debuted on Netflix on May 12 , 2017 , under the title Anne with an E . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2017 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Can . viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Your Will Shall Decide Your Destiny '' </Td> <Td> Niki Caro </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> March 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 0.999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> When a miscommunication brings a girl , Anne Shirley , to Green Gables instead of a boy , Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert are faced with a life - changing decision . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` I Am No Bird , and No Net Ensnares Me '' </Td> <Td> Helen Shaver </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> March 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 0.780 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Hoping all is not lost , Matthew races to catch up with Anne while Marilla anxiously hopes and waits for their return to Green Gables . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` But What Is So Headstrong as Youth ? '' </Td> <Td> Sandra Goldbacher </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 2 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 02 ) </Td> <Td> 0.994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Anne is excited to begin school and make friends , but is unprepared for the bullying that occurs when she does n't fit in . Marilla too , is testing new waters as she accepts an invitation to join a `` Progressive Mothers '' group . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` An Inward Treasure is Born '' </Td> <Td> David Evans </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 0.654 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Anne is faced with the decision of whether or not to return to school . But a fire at the Gillis house and Anne 's generous actions help her in her choice . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> `` Tightly Knotted to a Similar String '' </Td> <Td> Patricia Rozema </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Anne must deal with the inevitability of womanhood when she gets her first period . At the same time , Marilla and Matthew acclimatize to parenthood and revisit moments of their youth through Anne . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> `` Remorse Is the Poison of Life '' </Td> <Td> Paul Fox </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 23 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 0.656 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> When her little sister Minnie May becomes ill , Diana runs to Anne for help . Meanwhile , the Blythe farm sees change , as Marilla is reminded of what she gave up and Matthew receives some unsettling news . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> `` Wherever You Are Is My Home '' </Td> <Td> Amanda Tapping </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 30 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The Cuthberts vow to do whatever it takes to save the farm which reminds Anne of the strength of friendship and love . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical

The role of Matthew Cuthbert on the TV series "Anne with an E" is played by

Who plays matthew on anne with an e?

4053461415821443645

What a Friend We Have in Jesus - wikipedia <H1> What a Friend We Have in Jesus </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` What a Friend We Have in Jesus '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Song </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Hymn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Charles C. Converse ( 1868 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lyricist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Joseph M. Scriven ( 1855 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` What a Friend We Have in Jesus '' is a Christian hymn originally written by Joseph M. Scriven as a poem in 1855 to comfort his mother who was living in Ireland while he was in Canada . Scriven originally published the poem anonymously , and only received full credit for it in the 1880s . The tune to the hymn was composed by Charles Crozat Converse in 1868 . William Bolcom composed a setting of the hymn . </P> <P> The hymn also has many versions with different lyrics in multiple languages . The Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal notes , `` In spite of the fact that this hymn , with its tune , has been criticized as being too much on the order of the sentimental gospel type , its popularity remains strong , and the hymn retains a place in modern hymnals . '' In some settings , the lyrics have been matched to other tunes such as the Welsh `` Calon Lân '' ( originally wedded to the Welsh poem translated as `` A Pure Heart '' ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> What a Friend We Have In Jesus Performed by the Onward Brass Band </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Renditions <Ul> <Li> 1.1 In Asia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 3 Published versions </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Renditions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Washington Phillips , as `` Jesus Is My Friend '' ( 1928 , Columbia Records ) </Li> <Li> Bing Crosby ( 1951 , Beloved Hymns ) </Li> <Li> Rosemary Clooney ( 1959 , Hymns from the Heart , MGM Records ) </Li> <Li> Ella Fitzgerald with the Ralph Carmichael Choir ( 1967 , Brighten the Corner ) </Li> <Li> Aretha Franklin ( 1972 , Amazing Grace ) </Li> <Li> Alan Price used the tune for his song `` Changes '' in the 1973 film O Lucky Man ! , which was reused in a Volkswagen commercial of the same name with Paula Hamilton in the 1980s . </Li> <Li> Glen Campbell ( 1989 , Favorite Hymns ) </Li> <Li> Driving Miss Daisy ( 1989 ) sung at Little Friendship Baptist Church in Atlanta , Georgia </Li> <Li> Ike & Tina Turner ( 1974 , The Gospel According to Ike & Tina ) </Li> <Li> The John Tesh Project ( 2000 , Pure Hymns ) </Li> <Li> Amy Grant recorded it as part of the medley `` What a Friend We Have in Jesus / Old Rugged Cross / How Great Thou Art '' on her 2002 studio album Legacy ... Hymns and Faith , and later included on her 2015 compilation album Be Still and Know ... Hymns & Faith . </Li> <Li> Alan Jackson ( 2006 , Precious Memories ) </Li> <Li> Brad Paisley ( 2008 , Play ) </Li> <Li> Ronnie Milsap ( 2009 , Then Sings My Soul ) </Li> <Li> Monty Alexander ( 2013 , Uplift 2 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> In asia ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Japan , the hymn 's title was originally translated as `` Itsukushimi Fukaki '' ( いつくしみ 深き , lit . `` Merciful '' ) , which is what it is best known by . In 1910 , Daisui Sugitani re-wrote the lyrics in Japanese and changed the title to `` Hoshi no Yo '' ( 星 の 界 , lit . `` World of Stars '' ) . Another version was written by Ryūkō Kawaji with the title `` Hoshi no Sekai '' ( 星 の 世界 , lit . `` World of Stars '' ) . It is also known by the title `` Tsumitoga o Ninou '' ( つみ と が を に の う , lit . `` To Bear Sin '' ) . The hymn is popular at wedding ceremonies in Japan . </P> <P> In Indonesia , the hymn is known as `` Yesus Kawan yang Sejati '' and is sung in Indonesian or Batak ( the indigenous language of North Sumatra ) in Manado , Maluccan , and Protestant churches ( around 6 % of the population ) . Statistically , the majority of Indonesians are Muslim ( around 76 % ) but native religion elements have up to 90 % of the total population and consequently the hymn is widely known only among musicians , scholars and Indonesia 's Christian community . However , prior to when Suharto seized power in 1967 , the same music was adopted for a popular patriotic song titled `` Ibu Pertiwi '' . </P> <P> In Hindi , the hymn is a very important song and is sung as `` Yeshu kaisa dost pyara '' . In Marathi , the hymn has been translated as `` Kon Mitra Yeshuwani '' By Mary Bessel. The song is common during solemn services ( Passion week and burial ) . In Malayalam , the hymn as `` Enthu Nallore sakhi Yesu '' is sung to comfort and as an invitation to Christ . This hymn had been translated into Telugu and it is sung during occasions as a song of comfort and solace . It is translated as `` Preethi gala mana Yesu '' and it is listed in the Andhra Kraisthava Keerthanalu ( Andhra Christian hymnals ) as hymn No. 407 . </P> <P> In India , the hymn sung in Konkani , `` Dulob Jezu '' , was translated by Felix Paul Noronha of Mangalore . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section indiscriminately collects miscellaneous information . Please compress this material to remove any irrelevant or unimportant information . ( February 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A version was sung during World War I with the line `` When this bloody war is over '' in place of the original title . The tune was used in the 1969 film , Oh ! What a Lovely War with the title `` When This Lousy War Is Over '' . The tune was used in Alan Price 's song Changes , which was written for the 1973 film O Lucky Man ! and later became a hit when used in the 1987 Volkswagen Golf television commercial . The tune was in the labor protest movement due to its wide popularity . `` Dump the Bosses Off Your Backs '' ( words by John Brill ) was published in the IWW `` Little Red Songbook '' and has been recorded by dozens of artists including Utah Phillips , Anne Feeney , and Joe Glazer . A Norwegian version was used in the film Trollhunter . </P> <H2> Published versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Rise Up Singing , page 98 </Li> <Li> The Lutheran Hymnal , hymn # 457 </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikisource has original text related to this article : What a Friend We Have in Jesus </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` What a Friend We Have in Jesus '' . Retrieved 2007 - 05 - 03 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Polack , W.G. ( 1941 ) . Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal . St. Louis : Concordia . p. 323 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Washington Phillips discography '' . wirz.de . Retrieved August 24 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ George Washington Phillips : Jesus Is My Friend at AllMusic . Retrieved August 24 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Volkswagen Golf -- Paula Hamilton -- 1987 -- UK Advert '' . Retro Commercials . March 13 , 2010 . Retrieved September 26 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pure Hymns overview '' . Allmusic . Retrieved July 4 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Monty Alexander UPLIFT 2 '' . Jazz Legacy Productions . Retrieved January 11 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Itsukushimi Fukaki song sheet '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved 2007 - 07 - 16 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` 312 : What a Friend We Have in Jesus '' . Retrieved 2008 - 03 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Christhiya Keerthanangal ( Christian Hymns ) . 2007 . Hymn 173 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Piano score ( pdf ) at Timeless Truths </Li> <Li> Text , MIDI , and piano score for `` What a Friend We Have in Jesus '' at HymnSite.com </Li> <Li> `` What a Friend We Have in Jesus '' Mp3 and lyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Washington Phillips </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original Columbia <P> 78 rpm records </P> ( chronological ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Lift Him Up That 's All '' / `` Take Your Burden to the Lord and Leave It There '' </Li> <Li> `` Denomination Blues -- Part 1 '' / `` Denomination Blues -- Part 2 '' </Li> <Li> `` Mother 's Last Word to Her Son '' / `` Paul and Silas in Jail '' </Li> <Li> `` What Are They Doing in Heaven Today '' / `` Jesus Is My Friend '' </Li> <Li> `` I Am Born to Preach the Gospel '' / `` Train Your Child '' </Li> <Li> `` A Mother 's Last Word to Her Daughter '' / `` I 've Got the Key to the Kingdom '' </Li> <Li> `` I Had a Good Father and Mother '' / `` The Church Needs Good Deacons '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Later song releases </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` You Ca n't Stop a Tattler -- Part 1 '' `` You Ca n't Stop a Tattler -- Part 2 '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> List of songs ( with recording & catalogue details ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=What_a_Friend_We_Have_in_Jesus&oldid=831327264 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1928 songs </Li> <Li> Canadian Christian hymns </Li> <Li> Columbia Records singles </Li> <Li> Glen Campbell songs </Li> <Li> Mississippi John Hurt songs </Li> <Li> Pace Jubilee Singers songs </Li> <Li> Songs about Jesus </Li> <Li> Washington Phillips songs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Articles containing Japanese - language text </Li> <Li> Articles with trivia sections from February 2018 </Li> <Li> All articles with trivia sections </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Wikisource </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 20 March 2018 , at 00 : 54 . </Li> <Li> Text is available

The song "What a Friend We Have in Jesus" was written by

Who wrote song what a friend we have in jesus?

-6639198685687295158

Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics - wikipedia <H1> Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Flag of Bermuda </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IOC code </Th> <Td> BER </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NOC </Th> <Td> Bermuda Olympic Association </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.olympics.bm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> in Pyeongchang , South Korea 9 -- 25 February 2018 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Competitors </Th> <Td> 1 in 1 sport </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Flag bearer </Th> <Td> Tucker Murphy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Medals </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Gold </Dt> <Dd> 0 </Dd> <Dt> Silver </Dt> <Dd> 0 </Dd> <Dt> Bronze </Dt> <Dd> 0 </Dd> <Dt> Total </Dt> <Dd> 0 </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Winter Olympics appearances ( overview ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> 1994 </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> 2006 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> <Li> 2018 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bermuda competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , South Korea , from 9 to 25 February 2018 , with one competitor . This was the nation sixth appearance in the Winter Olympics . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Competitors </Li> <Li> 2 Cross-country skiing </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Competitors ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the delegation per sport . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Sport </Th> <Th> Men </Th> <Th> Women </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cross-country skiing </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 0 </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cross-country Skiing ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Cross-country skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics and Cross-country skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- Qualification <P> Bermuda qualified one male athlete , Tucker Murphy . Murphy will be making his third straight appearance at the Winter Olympics . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Distance </Dt> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Athlete </Th> <Th> Event </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Final </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time </Th> <Th> Deficit </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tucker Murphy </Td> <Td> Men 's 15 km freestyle </Td> <Td> 43 : 05.7 </Td> <Td> + 9 : 21.8 </Td> <Td> 104 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Bermuda at the 2018 Commonwealth Games </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Opening Ceremony Flagbearers - Olympic Winter Games , PyeongChang 2018 '' ( PDF ) . olympic.org . International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) . 9 February 2018 . Retrieved 10 February 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cross-country Skiing Quota List for Olympic Games 2018 '' . www.data.fis-ski.com/ . International Ski Federation ( FIS ) . 12 December 2017 . Retrieved 16 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Tucker Murphy Competes In Skiing In Iceland '' . Bernews. Hamilton , Bermuda . 14 May 2017 . Retrieved 16 December 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Nations at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , South Korea </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Africa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eritrea </Li> <Li> Ghana </Li> <Li> Kenya </Li> <Li> Madagascar </Li> <Li> Morocco </Li> <Li> Nigeria </Li> <Li> South Africa </Li> <Li> Togo </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Americas </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> Bermuda </Li> <Li> Bolivia </Li> <Li> Brazil </Li> <Li> Canada </Li> <Li> Chile </Li> <Li> Colombia </Li> <Li> Ecuador </Li> <Li> Jamaica </Li> <Li> Mexico </Li> <Li> Puerto Rico </Li> <Li> United States </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Asia </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> China </Li> <Li> East Timor </Li> <Li> Hong Kong </Li> <Li> India </Li> <Li> Iran </Li> <Li> Japan </Li> <Li> Kazakhstan </Li> <Li> Kyrgyzstan </Li> <Li> Lebanon </Li> <Li> Malaysia </Li> <Li> Mongolia </Li> <Li> North Korea </Li> <Li> Pakistan </Li> <Li> Philippines </Li> <Li> Singapore </Li> <Li> South Korea </Li> <Li> Chinese Taipei </Li> <Li> Thailand </Li> <Li> Uzbekistan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Europe </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Albania </Li> <Li> Andorra </Li> <Li> Armenia </Li> <Li> Austria </Li> <Li> Azerbaijan </Li> <Li> Belarus </Li> <Li> Belgium </Li> <Li> Bosnia and Herzegovina </Li> <Li> Bulgaria </Li> <Li> Croatia </Li> <Li> Cyprus </Li> <Li> Czech Republic </Li> <Li> Denmark </Li> <Li> Estonia </Li> <Li> Finland </Li> <Li> France </Li> <Li> Georgia </Li> <Li> Germany </Li> <Li> Great Britain </Li> <Li> Greece </Li> <Li> Hungary </Li> <Li> Iceland </Li> <Li> Ireland </Li> <Li> Israel </Li> <Li> Italy </Li> <Li> Kosovo </Li> <Li> Latvia </Li> <Li> Liechtenstein </Li> <Li> Lithuania </Li> <Li> Luxembourg </Li> <Li> Macedonia </Li> <Li> Malta </Li> <Li> Moldova </Li> <Li> Monaco </Li> <Li> Montenegro </Li> <Li> Netherlands </Li> <Li> Norway </Li> <Li> Poland </Li> <Li> Portugal </Li> <Li> Romania </Li> <Li> San Marino </Li> <Li> Serbia </Li> <Li> Slovakia </Li> <Li> Slovenia </Li> <Li> Spain </Li> <Li> Sweden </Li> <Li> Switzerland </Li> <Li> Turkey </Li> <Li> Ukraine </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Oceania </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Australia </Li> <Li> New Zealand </Li> <Li> Tonga </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Korea </Li> <Li> Olympic Athletes from Russia </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Bermuda at the Olympics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Summer Olympic Games </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1948 </Li> <Li> 1952 </Li> <Li> 1956 </Li> <Li> 1960 </Li> <Li> 1964 </Li> <Li> 1968 </Li> <Li> 1972 </Li> <Li> 1976 </Li> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2000 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winter Olympic Games </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> 1994 </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> 2006 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> <Li> 2018 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bermuda did not participate in 1980 due to a boycott . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics&oldid=827912272 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Nations at the 2018 Winter Olympics </Li> <Li> Bermuda at the Winter Olympics by year </Li> <Li> 2018 in Bermuda </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use dmy dates from February 2018 </Li> <Li> Use British English from February 2018 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Azərbaycanca </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Eesti </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 10 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 27 February 2018 , at 13 : 44 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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Bermuda is competing in the Winter Olympics in the sport of

What is bermuda competing in the winter olympics?

-5775387077145633620

Philippe Petit - wikipedia <H1> Philippe Petit </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Philippe Petit </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Petit at the 81st Academy Awards in February 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1949 - 08 - 13 ) 13 August 1949 ( age 68 ) Nemours , Seine - et - Marne , France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> High - wire artist </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Philippe Petit ( French pronunciation : ​ ( filip pəti ) ; born 13 August 1949 ) is a French high - wire artist who gained fame for his high - wire walk between the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City , on the morning of August 7 , 1974 as well as his high wire walk between the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris , 1971 . For his unauthorized feat 400 metres ( 1,000 feet ) above the ground -- which he referred to as `` le coup '' -- he rigged a 200 - kilogram ( 440 - pound ) cable and used a custom - made 8 - metre ( 30 - foot ) long , 25 - kilogram ( 55 - pound ) balancing pole . He performed for 45 minutes , making eight passes along the wire . The following week , he celebrated his 25th birthday . All charges were dismissed in exchange for him doing a performance in Central Park for children . </P> <P> Since then , Petit has lived in New York , where he has been artist - in - residence at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine , also a location of other aerial performances . He has done wire walking as part of official celebrations in New York , across the United States , and in France and other countries , as well as teaching workshops on the art . In 2008 , Man on Wire , a documentary directed by James Marsh about Petit 's walk between the towers , won numerous awards . He was also the subject of a children 's book and an animated adaptation of it , released in 2005 . The Walk , a movie based on Petit 's walk , was released in September 2015 , starring Joseph Gordon - Levitt as Petit and directed by Robert Zemeckis . </P> <P> He also became adept at equestrianism , juggling , fencing , carpentry , rock - climbing , and bullfighting . Spurning circuses and their formulaic performances , he created his street persona on the sidewalks of Paris . In the early 1970s , he visited New York City , where he frequently juggled and worked on a slackline in Washington Square Park . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 World Trade Center walk <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Planning </Li> <Li> 2.2 Event </Li> <Li> 2.3 Aftermath </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Later life </Li> <Li> 4 Legacy and honors </Li> <Li> 5 Works and performances <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Major high - wire performances </Li> <Li> 5.2 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 5.3 Filmography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 In culture </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 8.2 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8.3 Articles and interviews </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Petit was born in Nemours , Seine - et - Marne , France ; his father Edmond Petit was an author and an Army pilot . At an early age , Petit discovered magic and juggling . He loved to climb , and at 16 , he took his first steps on a tightrope wire . He told a reporter , </P> <P> Within one year , I taught myself to do all the things you could do on a wire . I learned the backward somersault , the front somersault , the unicycle , the bicycle , the chair on the wire , jumping through hoops . But I thought , `` What is the big deal here ? It looks almost ugly . '' So I started to discard those tricks and to reinvent my art . </P> <P> In June 1971 , Petit secretly installed a cable between the two towers of Notre Dame de Paris . On the morning of June 26 , 1971 , he `` juggled balls '' and `` pranced back and forth '' as the crowd below applauded . </P> <H2> World Trade Center walk ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before his Twin Towers walk , Petit was known to New Yorkers for his frequent tightrope - walking performances and magic shows in the parks of New York , especially Washington Square Park . Petit 's most famous performance was in August 1974 , conducted on a wire between the roofs of the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in Manhattan , a quarter mile above the ground . He performed for 45 minutes , making eight passes along the wire , during which he walked , danced , lay down on the wire , and saluted watchers from a kneeling position . Office workers , construction crews and policemen cheered him on . </P> <H3> Planning ( edit ) </H3> <P> Petit conceived his `` coup '' when he was 18 , when he first read about the proposed construction of the Twin Towers and saw drawings of the project in a magazine , which he read while sitting at a dentist 's office in 1968 . Petit was seized by the idea of performing there , and began collecting articles on the Towers whenever he could . </P> <P> What was called the `` artistic crime of the century '' took Petit six years of planning , during which he learned everything he could about the buildings and their construction . In the same period , he began to perform high wire walking at other famous places . Rigging his wire secretly , he performed as a combination of circus act and public display . In 1971 , he performed his first such walk between the towers of the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris , while priests were simultaneously being ordained inside the building . In 1973 , he walked a wire rigged between the two north pylons of the Sydney Harbour Bridge , in Sydney , Australia . </P> <P> In planning for the Twin Towers walk , Petit had to learn how to accommodate such issues as the swaying of the high towers due to wind , which was part of their design ; effects of wind and weather on the wire at that height , how to rig a 200 ft ( 61 m ) steel cable across the 138 ft ( 42 m ) gap between the towers ( at a height of 1,368 ft ( 417 m ) ) , and how to gain entry with his collaborators , first to scope out the conditions and lastly , to stage the project . They had to get heavy equipment to the rooftops . He traveled to New York on numerous occasions to make first - hand observations . </P> <P> Since the towers were still under construction , Petit and one of his collaborators , New York - based photographer Jim Moore , rented a helicopter to take aerial photographs of the buildings . Jean - François and Jean - Louis helped him practice in a field in France , and accompanied him to take part in the final rigging of the project , as well as to photograph it . Francis Brunn , a German juggler , provided financial support for the proposed project and its planning . </P> <P> Petit and his crew gained entry into the towers several times and hid in upper floors and on the roofs of the unfinished buildings in order to study security measures , in addition to analyzing the construction and identifying places to anchor the wire and cavalletti . Using his own observations , drawings , and Moore 's photographs , Petit constructed a scale model of the towers in order to design the needed rigging to prepare for the wire walk . </P> <P> Working from an ID of an American who worked in the building , Petit made fake identification cards for himself and his collaborators ( claiming that they were contractors who were installing an electrified fence on the roof ) to gain access to the buildings . Prior to this , Petit had carefully observed the clothes worn by construction workers and the kinds of tools they carried . He also took note of the clothing of office workers so that some of his collaborators could pose as white collar workers . He observed what time the workers arrived and left , so he could determine when he would have roof access . </P> <P> As the target date of his `` coup '' approached , he claimed to be a journalist with Metropolis , a French architecture magazine , so that he could gain permission to interview the workers on the roof . The Port Authority allowed Petit to conduct the interviews , which he used as a pretext to make more observations . He was once caught by a police officer on the roof , and his hopes to do the high - wire walk were dampened . He eventually regained the confidence to proceed . </P> <P> On the night of Tuesday , 6 August 1974 , Petit and his crew had a lucky break and got a ride in a freight elevator to the 110th floor with their equipment . They stored it just 19 steps below the roof . In order to pass the cable across the void , Petit and his crew had settled on using a bow and arrow attached to a rope . They had to practice this many times to perfect their technique . They first shot across a fishing line , which was attached to larger ropes , and finally to the 450 - pound steel cable . The team was delayed when the heavy cable sank too fast , and had to be pulled up manually for hours . Petit had already identified points at which to anchor two tiranti ( guy lines ) to other points to stabilize the cable and keep the swaying of the wire to a minimum . </P> <H3> Event ( edit ) </H3> <P> Shortly after 7 am local time , Petit stepped out on the wire and started to perform . He was 1350 feet ( 411 m ) , a quarter mile , above the ground . He performed for 45 minutes , making eight passes along the wire , during which he walked , danced , lay down on the wire , and knelt to salute watchers . Crowds gathered on the streets below , and he said later he could hear their murmuring and cheers . </P> <P> When NYPD and PAPD officers learned of his stunt , they came up to the roofs of both buildings to try to persuade him to get off the wire . They threatened to pluck him off by helicopter . Petit got off when it started to rain . </P> <H3> Aftermath ( edit ) </H3> <P> There was extensive news coverage and public appreciation of Petit 's high - wire walk ; the district attorney dropped all formal charges of trespassing and other items relating to his walk . In exchange , he was required to give a free aerial show for children in Central Park . He performed on a high - wire walk in the Park above Belvedere Lake ( known now as Turtle Pond ) . </P> <P> The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey gave Petit a lifetime pass to the Twin Towers ' Observation Deck . He autographed a steel beam close to the point where he began his walk . </P> <P> Petit 's high - wire walk

The man who famously walked across the Twin Towers on a high wire is

Who is the guy who walked across the twin towers?

224088321079691518

types of motor neuron -- upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons . Axons from upper motor neurons synapse onto interneurons in the spinal cord and occasionally directly onto lower motor neurons . The axons from the lower motor neurons are efferent nerve fibers that carry signals from the spinal cord to the effectors . Types of lower motor neurons are alpha motor neurons , beta motor neurons , and gamma motor neurons . </P> <P> The term ' motor neuron ' is usually restricted to the lower motor neurons , the efferent nerves that directly innervate muscles . </P> <P> A single motor neuron may innervate many muscle fibres and a muscle fibre can undergo many action potentials in the time taken for a single muscle twitch . As a result , if an action potential arrives before a twitch has completed , the twitches can superimpose on one another , either through summation or a tetanic contraction . In summation , the muscle is stimulated repetitively such that additional action potentials coming from the somatic nervous system arrive before the end of the twitch . The twitches thus superimpose on one another , leading to a force greater than that of a single twitch . A tetanic contraction is caused by constant , very high frequency stimulation - the action potentials come at such a rapid rate that individual twitches are indistinguishable , and tension rises smoothly eventually reaching a plateau . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Development </Li> <Li> 2 Anatomy and physiology <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Upper motor neurons </Li> <Li> 2.2 White Matter Tract </Li> <Li> 2.3 Lower Motor Neurons </Li> <Li> 2.4 Somatic motor neurons <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 Neuromuscular Junction </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 Special visceral motor neurons </Li> <Li> 2.6 General visceral motor neurons </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Motor neurons in regenerative medicine </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Sources </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <P> Motor neurons begin to develop early in embryonic development , and motor function continues to develop well into childhood . In the neural tube cells are specified to either the rostral - caudal axis or ventral - dorsal axis . The axons of motor neurons begin to appear in the fourth week of development from the ventral region of the ventral - dorsal axis ( the basal plate ) . This homeodomain is known as the motor neural progenitor domain ( pMN ) . Transcription factors genes here include the Pax6 , OLIG2 , Nkx6. 1 , and Nkx6. 2 factors , which are regulated by sonic hedgehog ( Shh ) . The OLIG2 gene being the most important due to its role in promoting Ngn2 expression , a gene that causes cell cycle exiting as well as promoting further transcription factors associated with motor neuron development . </P> <P> Further specification of motor neurons occurs when retinoic acid , fibroblast growth factor , Wnts , and TGFb , are integrated into the various Hox transcription factors . There are 13 Hox transcription factors and - along with the signals - these determine whether a motor neuron will be more rostral or caudal in character . In the spinal column Hox 4 - 11 sort motor neurons to one of the five motor columns . These columns are further explained in the table below . </P> <Table> Motor Columns of Spinal Cord <Tr> <Td> Motor Column </Td> <Td> Location in Spinal Cord </Td> <Td> Target </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Median Motor Column </Td> <Td> Present entire length </Td> <Td> Axial muscles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hypaxial Motor Column </Td> <Td> Thoracic Region </Td> <Td> Body wall muscles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preganglionic Motor Column </Td> <Td> Thoracic Region </Td> <Td> Sympathetic ganglion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Laterl Motor Column </Td> <Td> Brachial and Lumbar region ( both regions are further divided into medial and lateral domains ) </Td> <Td> Muscles of the limbs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phrenic Motor Coulmn </Td> <Td> Cervical Region </Td> <Td> Diaphragm </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Anatomy and Physiology ( edit ) </H2> Spinal cord tracts Location of lower motor neurons in spinal cord <H3> Upper motor neurons ( edit ) </H3> <P> Upper motor neurons originate in the motor cortex located in the precentral gyrus . The cells that make up the primary motor cortex are Betz cells , which are a type of pyramidal cell . The axons of these cells descend from the cortex to form the corticospinal tract . </P> <H3> White matter Tract ( edit ) </H3> <P> White matter tracts are bundles of axons and serve as means to propagate nerve impulses on a large scale . These are found in the spinal cord and appear white from the myelin surrounding axons . While these tracts exist for both efferent and afferent nerves , efferent nerves will carry signals down the spinal cord toward their effector target . These tracts also serve as the place of origin for lower motor neurons . There are seven major white matter motor tracts to be found in the spinal cord and are listed below : </P> <Ul> <Li> Lateral Corticospinal Tract </Li> <Li> Rubrospinal Tract </Li> <Li> Lateral Reticulospinal Tract </Li> <Li> Vestibulospinal tract </Li> <Li> Medial Reticulospinal Tract </Li> <Li> Tectospinal Tract </Li> <Li> Anterior Corticospinal Tract </Li> </Ul> <H3> Lower motor neurons ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lower motor neurons are those that originate in the spinal cord and directly or indirectly innervate effector targets . The target of these neurons varies , but in the somatic nervous system the target will be some sort of muscle fiber . There are three primary categories lower motor neurons , which can be further divided in sub-categories . </P> <P> According to their targets , motor neurons are classified into three broad categories : </P> <Ul> <Li> Somatic motor neurons </Li> <Li> Special visceral motor neurons </Li> <Li> General visceral motor neurons </Li> </Ul> <H3> Somatic motor neurons ( edit ) </H3> <P> Somatic motor neurons originate in the central nervous system , project their axons to skeletal muscles ( such as the muscles of the limbs , abdominal , and intercostal muscles ) , which are involved in locomotion . The three types of these neurons are the alpha efferent neurons , beta efferent neurons , and gamma efferent neurons . They are called efferent to indicate the flow of information from the central nervous system ( CNS ) to the periphery . </P> <Ul> <Li> Alpha motor neurons innervate extrafusal muscle fibers , which are the main force - generating component of a muscle . Their cell bodies are in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and they are sometimes called ventral horn cells . A single motor neuron may synapse with 150 muscle fibers on average . The motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers to which it connects is a motor unit . Motor units are split up into 3 categories : Main Article : Motor Unit <Ul> <Li> Slow ( S ) motor units stimulate small muscle fibers , which contract very slowly and provide small amounts of energy but are very resistant to fatigue , so they are used to sustain muscular contraction , such as keeping the body upright . They gain their energy via oxidative means and hence require oxygen . They are also called red fibers . </Li> <Li> Fast fatiguing ( FF ) motor units stimulate larger muscle groups , which apply large amounts of force but fatigue very quickly . They are used for tasks that require large brief bursts on energy , such as jumping or running . They gain their energy via glycolytic means and hence do n't require oxygen . They are called white fibers . </Li> <Li> Fast fatigue - resistant motor units stimulate moderate - sized muscles groups that do n't react as fast as the FF motor units , but can be sustained much longer ( as implied by the name ) and provide more force than S motor units . These use both oxidative and glycolytic means to gain energy . </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> In addition to voluntary skeletal muscle contraction , alpha motor neurons also contribute to muscle tone , the continuous force generated by noncontracting muscle to oppose stretching . When a muscle is stretched , sensory neurons within the muscle spindle detect the degree of stretch and send a signal to the CNS . The CNS activates alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord , which cause extrafusal muscle fibers to contract and thereby resist further stretching . This process is also called the stretch reflex . </P> <Ul> <Li> Beta motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles , with collaterals to extrafusal fibres . There are two types of beta motor neurons : Slow Contracting - These innervate extrafusal fibers . Fast Contracting - These innervate intrafusal fibers . </Li> <Li> Gamma motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers found within the muscle spindle . They regulate the sensitivity of the spindle to muscle stretching . With activation of gamma neurons , intrafusal muscle fibers contract so that only a small stretch is required to activate spindle sensory neurons and the stretch reflex . There are two types of gamma motor neurons : Dynamic - These focus on Bag1 fibers and enhance dynamic sensitivity . Static - These focus on Bag2 fibers and enhance stretch sensitivity . </Li> <Li> Regulatory factors of lower motor Neurons Size Principle -- this relates to the of the soma of the motor neuron . This restricts larger neurons to receive a larger excitatory signal in order to stimulate the muscle fibers it innervates . By reducing unnecessary muscle fiber recruitment , the body is able to optimize energy consumption . Persistent Inward Current ( PIC ) -- recent animal study research has shown that constant flow of ions such as calcium and sodium through channels in the soma and dendrites influence the synaptic input . An alternate way to think of this is that the post-synaptic neuron is being primed before receiving an impulse . After Hyper - polarization ( AHP ) -- we are all familiar with the idea of hyperpolarization after an action potential . A trend has been identified that shows slow motor neurons to have more intense AHPs for a longer duration . One way to remember this is that slow muscle fibers can contract for loner , so it makes since that their corresponding motor neurons fire at a slower rate . </Li> </Ul> Neuromuscular junction ( edit ) <P> The interface between a motor neuron and muscle fiber is a specialized synapse called the neuromuscular junction . Upon adequate stimulation , the motor neuron releases a flood of acetylcholine ( Ach ) neurotransmitters from the axon terminals from synaptic vesicles bind with the plasma membrane . The acetylcholine molecules bind to postsynaptic receptors found within the motor end plate . Once two acetylcholine receptors have been bound , an ion channel is opened and sodium ions are allowed to flow into the cell . The influx of sodium into the cell causes depolarization and triggers a muscle action potential . T tubules of the sarcolemma are then stimulated to elicit calcium ion release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum . It is this chemical release that causes the target muscle fiber to contract . </P> <Ul> <Li> In invertebrates , depending on the neurotransmitter released and the type of receptor it binds , the response in the muscle fiber could be either excitatory or inhibitory . </Li> <Li> For vertebrates , however , the response of a muscle fiber to a neurotransmitter can only be excitatory , in other words , contractile . Muscle relaxation and inhibition of muscle contraction in vertebrates is obtained only by inhibition of the motor neuron itself . Muscle innervation may eventually play a role in the maturation of motor activity . This is how muscle relaxants work by acting on the motor neurons that innervate muscles ( by decreasing their electrophysiological activity ) or

All the motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles are

All the motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles are?

-8074993547733090370

Diary of a Wimpy Kid : the Getaway - wikipedia <H1> Diary of a Wimpy Kid : the Getaway </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary . It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real - world context . Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot . ( August 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . 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( December 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Getaway <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Jeff Kinney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Td> Diary of a Wimpy Kid </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Children 's novel Graphic Novel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> <P> Amulet Books ( US ) </P> Puffin Books ( UK ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( Worldwide ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print ( hardcover ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 217 story pages ( 224 altogether ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISBN </Th> <Td> 978 - 1 - 4197 - 2545 - 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Double Down </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Getaway is the twelfth book in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series by Jeff Kinney . The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book . The book was published and released on November 7 , 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Release date </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> After many frustrations , Greg Heffley 's parents decide to skip Christmas and travel by plane to Isla De Corales , the hotel they stayed at while on their honeymoon much to Greg 's dismay . </P> <P> On Christmas Eve they drive to the airport , but are delayed by a series of mishaps . They encounter holiday traffic but arrive at the airport . As they fail to unload in time at the drop off zone , Frank and Greg have to return later with the luggage . Greg steps in a slush puddle and they end up missing the shuttle . </P> <P> In the airport , the family 's suitcases are too heavy , so they stuff some clothes into their carry on baggage . They enter the line for security , but a child unclips a barrier separating the lines , and everybody gets scrambled . They go through security and are delayed again by somebody who has to remove all of his piercings . Manny then gets his toy stuck in an escalator , delaying them more . As a result , the family panic , grab some luggage and dash to the gate . It turns out their flight is delayed . Greg goes to dry his sock but destroys it while doing so . He hears that the flight is overbooked , and tries to stop his family boarding in exchange of a hotel stay and $300 ( soon $500 ) , but is stopped by Susan . A replacement crew for the plane is required and they finally board . </P> <P> Greg is first impressed by the plane 's first class seats before he discovers that he has to sit in economy . However , Frank collected enough air miles because of his business trips to sit in first class . In economy , Mom , Rodrick , and Manny are seated in the right row . Greg finds out he has three seats to himself , until a couple with a baby arrives late on board . The couple sit on either side of him with their baby . Greg becomes paranoid when he watches the plane 's safety video and begins to ask questions about unfortunate events . Greg is very aggravated of the other passengers because most are n't watching the safety video . Mid flight , he feels boxed in when the people in front recline and the person behind slides his feet on Greg 's armrest . Greg tries to recline his chair too but when he asks the flight attendant how , he learns that he ca n't because the row behind him is an emergency exit . He tries to swap seats with Frank but Rodrick beats him to it . He stays in the bathroom because the couple 's baby started to get annoying , but then he returns to his seat after experiencing turbulence . He somehow was able to sleep for the rest of the flight . </P> <P> As they land on Christmas Day , Greg begins to understand why the family came there . They touch down and began to head to the resort , Isla de Corales . He is even excited by the activities the resort offer which he sees on the bus . However , Frank and Susan are disappointed that the resort has since changed , and it is now split with a family side ( the Mild Side ) and a couple side ( the Wild Side ) . The family also discovers that they got the wrong luggage that is locked , and their luggage was sent back home . They only have the clothes they put in their carry on luggage . They attempt to buy some new clothes , but Frank wo n't buy them as they are too expensive . </P> <P> The family goes to explore the resort and end up at the pool . The Director of Fun shows up , however , and gets everybody moving . Greg is forced to take part in two games . After this , Greg sees an iguana by the pool and is worried , so the family goes to get some lunch . Greg and his family try to eat outside ; however , too many birds and bugs keep ruining their meals . Frank contracts a stomach bug from his water , so they head back to the suite . </P> <P> The next day , Greg uses the shower which is outside . As he puts on his slipper , a giant spider falls out . Greg has an intense fear of spiders . As a result , he calls room service , but the lady who answers says that there is a do not disturb sign on the door knob . The lady says he has to order food for someone to come . The waiter who arrives also is scared of spiders . Eventually , they manage to trap the spider and flush it down the toilet . The family heads to the beach without Frank as he is still at the suite . He returns , however and reveals that he found the same spider that Greg attempted to flush away on the toilet seat . Manny develops an obsession with collecting sea creatures in his bucket so he can have them as pets . Unfortunately , he is upset by Susan when she returns them , so they go to the activities . </P> <P> Before this , they have to find Rodrick , who has been in the teen zone helping a girl get her lip ring out of the volleyball net . They first try the banana boat , but this is ruined when a kid using a water trampoline lands on and bursts their float . They get hungry , so they go to the golf clubhouse which turns them down as they are not following the dress code . They go to the swim - up bar , and learn of a monkey which has been returning there for drinks every day . They are chased away when Manny finds the TV remote , changes the channel to his favorite cartoons , and throws the remote in the water . Greg goes to the arcade , and the family regroup later to find Rodrick . The same girl he helped earlier is now his girlfriend . In the evening , they go to the beach bonfire and go to see turtles hatching . Just as they are prepared to leave , they begin to hatch , but they lose their way to the sea as people are using the flashes on their phones to take photos . </P> <P> The next day , Susan goes to the spa and Frank goes to the gym . Rodrick then goes back to the teen zone . Greg takes Manny to the Toddler 's Cabana , but Manny gets out of going there because he is not potty trained . He puts Manny in the pool , but has to get him out again later . Susan booked a charter cruise for the whole family due in thirty minutes . On the cruise ( which turns out to be a regular boat ) , the captain offers them to go scuba diving . Greg is freaked out by all of the deadly animals , including the venomous box jellyfish , and only stays in for one photo . As he surfaces , he swallows a big gulp of water . He thinks a seahorse was in there too : so they return to the resort to see a doctor . Frank and Susan were both seasick , so they just return to the poolside . </P> <P> They see the Director of Fun , who keeps circling their chair , but suddenly stops at a plastic bag in Manny 's bucket . It is actually a box jellyfish which Manny smuggled from the scuba diving , in which the Director of Fun launches it back into the pool in fear . Because the pool workers could n't find the jellyfish , they have to drain the pool . They escape in the commotion , and notice Rodrick is n't there . He had been left in the sea where they went scuba diving and had extreme sunburn . They return to the suite and decide to spend their last few days outdoors . </P> <P> The next day , Greg goes to the tennis court in hopes of learning how to play tennis . Unfortunately , it was just a cage full of children with a ball machine and tennis balls . It turns into a free - for - all , which stops suddenly

The book "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway" belongs to the genre of

Genre of diary of a wimpy kid the getaway?

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Heart sounds - wikipedia <H1> Heart sounds </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Normal heart sounds Normal heart sounds as heard with a stethoscope </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> 72 BPM Heart sound Front of thorax , showing surface relations of bones , lungs ( purple ) , pleura ( blue ) , and heart ( red outline ) . The locations of best auscultation for each heart valve are labeled with `` M '' , `` T '' , `` A '' , and `` P '' . First heart sound : caused by atrioventricular valves - Mitral ( M ) and Tricuspid ( T ) . Second heart sound caused by semilunar valves -- Aortic ( A ) and Pulmonary / Pulmonic ( P ) . Diagram showing relations of opened heart to front of thoracic wall . Ant . Anterior segment of tricuspid valve . A O. Aorta . A.P. Anterior papillary muscle . In . Innominate artery . L.C.C. Left common carotid artery . L.S. Left subclavian artery . L.V. Left ventricle . P.A. Pulmonary artery . R.A. Right atrium . R.V. Right ventricle . V.S. Ventricular septum . <P> Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it . Specifically , the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the heart valves snap shut . In cardiac auscultation , an examiner may use a stethoscope to listen for these unique and distinct sounds that provide important auditory data regarding the condition of the heart . </P> <P> In healthy adults , there are two normal heart sounds , often described as a lub and a dub ( or dup ) , that occur in sequence with each heartbeat . These are the first heart sound ( S ) and second heart sound ( S ) , produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves , respectively . In addition to these normal sounds , a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs , adventitious sounds , and gallop rhythms S and S . </P> <P> Heart murmurs are generated by turbulent flow of blood , which may occur inside or outside the heart . Murmurs may be physiological ( benign ) or pathological ( abnormal ) . Abnormal murmurs can be caused by stenosis restricting the opening of a heart valve , resulting in turbulence as blood flows through it . Abnormal murmurs may also occur with valvular insufficiency ( regurgitation ) , which allows backflow of blood when the incompetent valve closes with only partial effectiveness . Different murmurs are audible in different parts of the cardiac cycle , depending on the cause of the murmur . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Primary heart sounds <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Extra heart sounds <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Murmurs <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Effects of breathing </Li> <Li> 3.2 Interventions that change murmurs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Other abnormal sounds </Li> <Li> 5 Surface anatomy </Li> <Li> 6 Recording heart sounds </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes and references </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Primary heart sounds ( edit ) </H2> <P> Normal heart sounds are associated with heart valves closing : </P> <H3> S ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first heart sound , or S , forms the `` lub '' of `` lub - dub '' and is composed of components M ( mitral valve closure ) and T ( tricuspid valve closure ) . Normally M precedes T slightly . It is caused by the closure of the atrioventricular valves , i.e. tricuspid and mitral ( bicuspid ) , at the beginning of ventricular contraction , or systole . When the ventricles begin to contract , so do the papillary muscles in each ventricle . The papillary muscles are attached to the cusps or leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves via chordae tendineae ( heart strings ) . When the papillary muscles contract , the chordae tendineae become tense and thereby prevent the backflow of blood into the lower pressure environment of the atria . The chordae tendineae act a bit like the strings on a parachute , and allow the leaflets of the valve to balloon up into the atria slightly , but not so much as to evert the cusp edges and allow back flow of blood . It is the pressure created from ventricular contraction that closes the valve , not the papillary muscles themselves . The contraction of the ventricle begins just prior to AV valves closing and prior to the semilunar valves opening . The sudden tensing of the chordae tendineae and the squeezing of the ventricles against closed semilunar valves , sends blood rushing back toward the atria , and the parachute - like valves catch the rush of blood in their leaflets causing the valve to snap shut . The S1 sound results from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal by the valves . The delay of T1 even more than normally causes the split S1 which is heard in a right bundle branch blockage . </P> <H3> </H3> <P> The second heart sound , or S , forms the `` dub '' of `` lub - dub '' and is composed of components A ( aortic valve closure ) and P ( pulmonary valve closure ) . Normally A precedes P especially during inspiration where a split of S can be heard . It is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves ( the aortic valve and pulmonary valve ) at the end of ventricular systole and the beginning of ventricular diastole . As the left ventricle empties , its pressure falls below the pressure in the aorta . Aortic blood flow quickly reverses back toward the left ventricle , catching the pocket - like cusps of the aortic valve , and is stopped by aortic valve closure . Similarly , as the pressure in the right ventricle falls below the pressure in the pulmonary artery , the pulmonary valve closes . The S sound results from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal . </P> <P> Splitting of S2 , also known as physiological split , normally occurs during inhalation because the decrease in intrathoracic pressure increases the time needed for pulmonary pressure to exceed that of the right ventricular pressure . A widely split S2 can be associated with several different cardiovascular conditions , including left bundle branch block , pulmonary stenosis , and atrial septal defect . </P> <H2> Extra heart sounds ( edit ) </H2> <P> The rarer extra heart sounds form gallop rhythms and are heard in both normal and abnormal situations . </P> <H3> </H3> Main article : Third heart sound <P> Rarely , there may be a third heart sound also called a protodiastolic gallop , ventricular gallop , or informally the `` Kentucky '' gallop as an onomatopoeic reference to the rhythm and stress of S1 followed by S2 and S3 together ( S1 = Ken ; S2 = tuck ; S3 = y ) . </P> <P> `` lub - dub - ta '' or `` slosh - ing - in '' If new , indicates heart failure or volume overload . </P> <P> It occurs at the beginning of diastole after S2 and is lower in pitch than S1 or S2 as it is not of valvular origin . The third heart sound is benign in youth , some trained athletes , and sometimes in pregnancy but if it re-emerges later in life it may signal cardiac problems , such as a failing left ventricle as in dilated congestive heart failure ( CHF ) . S3 is thought to be caused by the oscillation of blood back and forth between the walls of the ventricles initiated by blood rushing in from the atria . The reason the third heart sound does not occur until the middle third of diastole is probably that during the early part of diastole , the ventricles are not filled sufficiently to create enough tension for reverberation . </P> <P> It may also be a result of tensing of the chordae tendineae during rapid filling and expansion of the ventricle . In other words , an S3 heart sound indicates increased volume of blood within the ventricle . An S3 heart sound is best heard with the bell - side of the stethoscope ( used for lower frequency sounds ) . A left - sided S3 is best heard in the left lateral decubitus position and at the apex of the heart , which is normally located in the 5th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line . A right - sided S3 is best heard at the lower - left sternal border . The way to distinguish between a left and right - sided S3 is to observe whether it increases in intensity with inhalation or exhalation . A right - sided S3 will increase on inhalation , while a left - sided S3 will increase on exhalation . </P> <P> S3 can be a normal finding in young patients but is generally pathologic over the age of 40 . The most common cause of pathologic S3 is congestive heart failure . </P> <H3> </H3> Main article : Fourth heart sound <P> S4 when audible in an adult is called a presystolic gallop or atrial gallop . This gallop is produced by the sound of blood being forced into a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle . </P> <P> `` ta - lub - dub '' or `` a-stiff - wall '' </P> <P> It is a sign of a pathologic state , usually a failing or hypertrophic left ventricle , as in systemic hypertension , severe valvular aortic stenosis , and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . The sound occurs just after atrial contraction at the end of diastole and immediately before S1 , producing a rhythm sometimes referred to as the `` Tennessee '' gallop where S4 represents the `` Ten - '' syllable . It is best heard at the cardiac apex with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position and holding his breath . The combined presence of S3 and S4 is a quadruple gallop , also known as the `` Hello - Goodbye '' gallop . At rapid heart rates , S3 and S4 may merge to produce a summation gallop , sometimes referred to as S7 . </P> <P> Atrial contraction must be present for production of an S4 . It is absent in atrial fibrillation and in other rhythms in which atrial contraction does not precede ventricular contraction . </P> <H2> Murmurs ( edit ) </H2> Auscultogram from normal and abnormal heart sounds . <P> Heart murmurs are produced as a result of turbulent flow of blood strong enough to produce audible noise . They are usually heard as a whooshing sound . The term murmur only refers to a sound believed to originate within blood flow through or near the heart ; rapid blood velocity is necessary to produce a murmur . Most heart problems do not produce any murmur and most valve problems also do not produce an audible murmur . </P> <P> Murmurs can be heard in many situations in adults without major congenital heart abnormalities : </P> <Ul> <Li> Regurgitation through the mitral valve is by far the most commonly heard murmur , producing a pansystolic / holosystolic murmur which is sometimes fairly loud to a practiced ear , even though the volume of regurgitant blood flow may be quite small . Yet , though obvious using echocardiography visualization , probably about 20 % of cases of mitral regurgitation do not produce an audible murmur . </Li> <Li> Stenosis of the aortic valve is typically the next most common heart murmur , a systolic ejection murmur . This is more common in older adults or in those individuals having a two

You hear the lub and dub sounds of the heart during

When do you hear the lub and dub sounds of the heart?

-4222512069603517522

National Assembly of Pakistan - wikipedia <H1> National Assembly of Pakistan </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For List of MNAs elected in Pakistani general election , 2013 , see List of MNAs elected in Pakistani general election , 2013 . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> National Assembly of Pakistan قومی اسمبلئ پاکستان ‬ </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 14th National Assembly of Pakistan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Type </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Leadership </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Speaker </Th> <Td> Ayaz Sadiq ( PML - N ) Since 9 November 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deputy Speaker </Th> <Td> Javed Abbasi ( PML - N ) Since 3 June 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader of House </Th> <Td> Shahid Khaqan Abbasi ( PML - N ) Since 1 August 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leader of Opposition </Th> <Td> Khurshid Shah ( PPP ) Since 7 June 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Structure </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seats </Th> <Td> 332 ( 3 vacant ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Political groups </Th> <Td> <P> Government Coalition ( 209 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> PML -- N ( 188 ) </Li> <Li> JUI -- F ( 13 ) </Li> <Li> PML -- F ( 5 ) </Li> <Li> NPP ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> NP ( 1 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Opposition ( 130 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> PPP ( 47 ) </Li> <Li> PTI ( 32 ) </Li> <Li> MQM ( 24 ) </Li> <Li> JI ( 4 ) </Li> <Li> PkMAP ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> ANP ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> PML -- Q ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> AJIP ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> AML ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> APML ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> BNP ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> PML -- Z ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> QWP ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Ind ( 10 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Elections </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voting system </Th> <Td> Mixed member majoritarian ( First past the post for most seats , 60 seats reserved for women and 10 seats reserved for religious minorities by proportional representation ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last election </Th> <Td> 11 May 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Meeting place </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Parliament House , Islamabad </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Website </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> www.na.gov.pk </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Pakistani National Assembly ( Urdu : قومی اسمبلئ پاکستان ‬ ‎ -- Qaumī Asimbli'e Pākistān ) ; is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis - e-Shura , which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate ( upper house ) . The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad . The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 332 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly ( MNAs ) , of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities . A political party must secure 172 seats to obtain and preserve a majority . </P> <P> Members are elected through the first - past - the - post system under universal adult suffrage , representing electoral districts known as National Assembly constituencies . According to the constitution , the 70 seats reserved for women and religious minorities are allocated to the political parties according to their proportional representation . </P> <P> Each National Assembly is formed for a five - year term , commencing from the date of the first sitting , after which it is automatically dissolved . Currently the National Assembly can not be dissolved by the President of Pakistan , it is dissolved by the Prime Minister of Pakistan . </P> <P> Election for 13th National Assembly was held on 18 February 2008 . On March 17 , 2013 13th National Assembly was dissolved on completion of its five - year term under Article 52 of the Constitution . Pakistani general election , 2013 ( for the 14th National Assembly ) was held on May 11 , 2013 . Members of 14th National Assembly took oath on June 1 , 2013 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Powers </Li> <Li> 3 Members of National Assembly <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Qualifications </Li> <Li> 3.2 Tenure </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Speaker and Deputy Speaker </Li> <Li> 5 Sessions </Li> <Li> 6 Procedure <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Constitutional role </Li> <Li> 6.2 Legislative procedures </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Leaders <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Leader of the House </Li> <Li> 7.2 Leader of the Opposition </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Committees </Li> <Li> 9 Composition and elections </Li> <Li> 10 2013 election <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Results of the Pakistani general election , 2013 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Dissolution </Li> <Li> 12 Seat distribution </Li> <Li> 13 See also </Li> <Li> 14 Notes </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Pakistan </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Pakistan </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Constitution </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Parliament ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Senate <Dl> <Dd> Chairman : Raza Rabbani </Dd> <Dd> Deputy Chairman : Abdul Ghafoor Haideri </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> National Assembly <Dl> <Dd> Speaker : Sardar A. Sadiq </Dd> <Dd> Deputy Speaker : Murtaza Javed Abbasi </Dd> </Dl> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Government ( show ) <Ul> <Li> President ( list ) <Dl> <Dd> Mamnoon Hussain </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Prime Minister ( list ) <Dl> <Dd> Shahid Khaqan Abbasi </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Federal Cabinet </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Judiciary ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Supreme Judicial Council </Li> <Li> Supreme Court <Dl> <Dd> Chief Justice </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Federal Shariat Court </Li> <Li> Supreme Appellate Court Gilgit - Baltistan <Dl> <Dd> Chief Justices </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Islamabad High Court </Li> <Li> Provincial High Courts </Li> <Li> Chief Court Gilgit - Baltistan </Li> <Li> District Courts </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Governors ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Punjab <Dl> <Dd> Malik Muhammad Rafique Rajwana </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Balochistan <Dl> <Dd> Muhammad Khan Achakzai </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Sindh <Dl> <Dd> Mohammad Zubair </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Khyber Pakhtunkhwa <Dl> <Dd> Iqbal Zafar Jhagra </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Gilgit -- Baltistan <Dl> <Dd> Mir Ghazanfar Ali Khan </Dd> </Dl> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chief Ministers ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Punjab <Dl> <Dd> Shahbaz Sharif </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Sindh <Dl> <Dd> Murad Ali Shah </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Khyber Pakhtunkhwa <Dl> <Dd> Pervez Khattak </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Balochistan <Dl> <Dd> Sanaullah Zehri </Dd> </Dl> </Li> <Li> Gilgit - Baltistan <Dl> <Dd> Hafiz Hafeezur Rehman </Dd> </Dl> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Political parties ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Muttahida Majlis - e-Amal </Li> <Li> Muttahida Qaumi Movement </Li> <Li> Pakistan Peoples Party </Li> <Li> Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) </Li> <Li> Pakistan Muslim League ( Q ) </Li> <Li> Jamaat - e-Islami </Li> <Li> Pakistan Tehreek - e-Insaf </Li> <Li> Awami National Party </Li> <Li> Minor parties </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elections ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Election Commission </Li> <Li> Electoral College </Li> <Li> Recent elections <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> Presidential : 2013 </Li> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> 2007 </Li> </Ul> </Dd> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> General : 2013 </Li> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Administrative units ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Balochistan </Li> <Li> Khyber Pakhtunkhwa </Li> <Li> Punjab </Li> <Li> Sindh </Li> <Li> Capital Territory </Li> <Li> Tribal areas </Li> <Li> Azad Kashmir </Li> <Li> Gilgit -- Baltistan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Local government ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Divisions </Li> <Li> Districts </Li> <Li> Tehsils </Li> <Li> Union councils </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Foreign relations ( show ) <Ul> <Li> China - Pakistan relations </Li> <Li> India -- Pakistan relations </Li> <Li> Pakistan United States relations </Li> <Li> Kashmir conflict </Li> <Li> Embassies </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Other countries </Li> <Li> Atlas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Main article : History of Pakistan National Assembly <P> The first session of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was held on 10 August 1947 at Sindh Assembly Building , Karachi . On 11 August 1947 , Quaid - i - Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was elected unanimously as the President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan and the National Flag was formally approved by the Assembly . </P> <Ul> <Li> 12 August 1947 , a resolution was approved regarding officially addressing Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah as `` Quaid - i - Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah '' . On the same day , a special committee called the `` Committee on Fundamental Rights of Citizens and Minorities of Pakistan '' was appointed to look into and advise the Assembly on matters relating to fundamental rights of the citizens , particularly the minorities , with the aim to legislate on these issues appropriately . </Li> <Li> On 14 August 1947 , the Transfer of Power took place . Lord Mountbatten , Governor General of India , addressed the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan . The Quaid gave a reply to the address in the House , on which the principles of the State of Pakistan were laid . </Li> <Li> On 15 August 1947 , Quaid - i - Azam was sworn in as the first Governor General of Pakistan . Mian Sir Abdur Rashid , Chief Justice of Pakistan , administered oath of office from him . The Quaid remained in this position till his death i.e. 11 September 1948 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Powers ( edit ) </H2> Legislative Process Chart of National Assembly of Pakistan <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> ... you are now a sovereign legislative body and you have got all the powers . It , therefore , places on you the gravest responsibility as to how you should take your decisions . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> -- Muhammad Ali Jinnah , in his presidential address to the First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on August 11 , 1947 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Constitution which was passed unanimously by the National Assembly in April 1973 , provides a federal parliamentary system of government , with the President as the ceremonial head of the State and an elected Prime Minister as the head of the government . Under Article 50 of the Constitution the federal legislature is the bicameral Majlis - e-Shoora ( Parliament ) , which comprises the President and the two Houses , the National Assembly and the Senate . The National Assembly , Pakistan 's sovereign legislative body , makes laws for the federation under powers spelled out in the Federal Legislative List and also for subjects in the Concurrent List , as given in the fourth schedule of the Constitution . Through debates , adjournment motions , question hour , and Standing Committees , the National Assembly keeps a check on the government . It ensures that the government functions within the parameters set out in the Constitution , and does not violate the people 's fundamental rights . The Parliament scrutinizes public spending and exercises control of expenditure incurred by the government through the work of the relevant Standing Committees . The Public Accounts Committee has a special role to review the report of the Auditor General . Senate , the upper house of the Parliament , has equal representation from the federating units balancing the provincial inequality in the National Assembly , where the number of members is based on population of the provinces . The Senate 's role is to promote national cohesion and harmony , and work as a stabilizing factor of the federation . The Senate numbers a total of 104 members who serve six - year terms which are

The total number of MNAs in the Pakistan National Assembly is

Total number of mna in pakistan national assembly?

4839853516523677080

Muscle relaxant - wikipedia <H1> Muscle relaxant </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about skeletal muscle relaxants . For information on smooth muscle relaxants , see Antispasmodic . <P> A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone . It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms , pain , and hyperreflexia . The term `` muscle relaxant '' is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups : neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics . Neuromuscular blockers act by interfering with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate and have no central nervous system ( CNS ) activity . They are often used during surgical procedures and in intensive care and emergency medicine to cause temporary paralysis . Spasmolytics , also known as `` centrally acting '' muscle relaxants , are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions . While both neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics are often grouped together as muscle relaxants , the term is commonly used to refer to spasmolytics only . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Neuromuscular blockers </Li> <Li> 3 Spasmolytics <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Terminology </Li> <Li> 3.2 Clinical use </Li> <Li> 3.3 Mechanism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Side effects </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The earliest known use of muscle relaxant drugs was by natives of the Amazon Basin in South America who used poison - tipped arrows that produced death by skeletal muscle paralysis . This was first documented in the 16th century , when European explorers encountered it . This poison , known today as curare , led to some of the earliest scientific studies in pharmacology . Its active ingredient , tubocurarine , as well as many synthetic derivatives , played a significant role in scientific experiments to determine the function of acetylcholine in neuromuscular transmission . By 1943 , neuromuscular blocking drugs became established as muscle relaxants in the practice of anesthesia and surgery . </P> <P> The U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) approved the use of carisoprodol in 1959 , metaxalone in August 1962 , and cyclobenzaprine in August 1977 . </P> <P> Other skeletal muscle relaxants of that type used around the world come from a number of drug categories and other drugs used primarily for this indication include orphenadrine ( anticholinergic ) , chlorzoxazone , tizanidine ( clonidine relative ) , diazepam , tetrazepam and other benzodiazepines , mephenoxalone , methocarbamol , dantrolene , baclofen , Drugs once but no longer or very rarely used to relax skeletal muscles include meprobamate , barbiturates , methaqualone , glutethimide and the like ; some subcategories of opioids have muscle relaxant properties , and some are marketed in combination drugs with skeletal and / or smooth muscle relaxants such as whole opium products , some ketobemidone , piritramide and fentanyl preparations and Equagesic . </P> <H2> Neuromuscular blockers ( edit ) </H2> Detailed view of a neuromuscular junction : 1 . Presynaptic terminal 2 . Sarcolemma 3 . Synaptic vesicle 4 . Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 5 . Mitochondrion Main article : Neuromuscular - blocking drug <P> Muscle relaxation and paralysis can theoretically occur by interrupting function at several sites , including the central nervous system , myelinated somatic nerves , unmyelinated motor nerve terminals , nicotinic acetylcholine receptors , the motor end plate , and the muscle membrane or contractile apparatus . Most neuromuscular blockers function by blocking transmission at the end plate of the neuromuscular junction . Normally , a nerve impulse arrives at the motor nerve terminal , initiating an influx of calcium ions , which causes the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles containing acetylcholine . Acetylcholine then diffuses across the synaptic cleft . It may be hydrolysed by acetylcholine esterase ( AchE ) or bind to the nicotinic receptors located on the motor end plate . The binding of two acetylcholine molecules results in a conformational change in the receptor that opens the sodium - potassium channel of the nicotinic receptor . This allows Na + and Ca 2 + ions to enter the cell and K + ions to leave the cell , causing a depolarization of the end plate , resulting in muscle contraction . Following depolarization , the acetylcholine molecules are then removed from the end plate region and enzymatically hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase . </P> <P> Normal end plate function can be blocked by two mechanisms . Nondepolarizing agents , such as tubocurarine , block the agonist , acetylcholine , from binding to nicotinic receptors and activating them , thereby preventing depolarization . Alternatively , depolarizing agents , such as succinylcholine , are nicotinic receptor agonists which mimic Ach , block muscle contraction by depolarizing to such an extent that it desensitizes the receptor and it can no longer initiate an action potential and cause muscle contraction . Both of these classes of neuromuscular blocking drugs are structurally similar to acetylcholine , the endogenous ligand , in many cases containing two acetylcholine molecules linked end - to - end by a rigid carbon ring system , as in pancuronium ( a nondepolarizing agent ) . </P> Chemical diagram of pancuronium , with red lines indicating the two acetylcholine `` molecules '' in the structure <H2> Spasmolytics ( edit ) </H2> Main article : antispasmodic A view of the spinal cord and skeletal muscle showing the action of various muscle relaxants -- black lines ending in arrow heads represent chemicals or actions that enhance the target of the lines , blue lines ending in squares represent chemicals or actions that inhibition the target of the line <P> The generation of the neuronal signals in motor neurons that cause muscle contractions are dependent on the balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition the motor neuron receives . Spasmolytic agents generally work by either enhancing the level of inhibition , or reducing the level of excitation . Inhibition is enhanced by mimicking or enhancing the actions of endogenous inhibitory substances , such as GABA . </P> <H3> Terminology ( edit ) </H3> <P> Because they may act at the level of the cortex , brain stem or spinal cord , or all three areas , they have traditionally been referred to as `` centrally acting '' muscle relaxants . However , it is now known not every agent in this class has CNS activity ( e.g. dantrolene ) , so this name is inaccurate . </P> <P> Most sources still use the term `` centrally acting muscle relaxant '' . According to MeSH , dantrolene is usually classified as a centrally acting muscle relaxant . The World Health Organization , in its ATC , uses the term `` centrally acting agents '' , but adds a distinct category of `` directly acting agents '' , for dantrolene . Use of this terminology dates back to at least 1973 . </P> <P> The term `` spasmolytic '' is also considered a synonym for antispasmodic . </P> <H3> Clinical use ( edit ) </H3> <P> Spasmolytics such as carisoprodol , cyclobenzaprine , metaxalone , and methocarbamol are commonly prescribed for low back pain or neck pain , fibromyalgia , tension headaches and myofascial pain syndrome . However , they are not recommended as first - line agents ; in acute low back pain , they are not more effective than paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) , and in fibromyalgia they are not more effective than antidepressants . Nevertheless , some ( low - quality ) evidence suggests muscle relaxants can add benefit to treatment with NSAIDs . In general , no high - quality evidence supports their use . No drug has been shown to be better than another , and all of them have adverse effects , particularly dizziness and drowsiness . Concerns about possible abuse and interaction with other drugs , especially if increased sedation is a risk , further limit their use . A muscle relaxant is chosen based on its adverse - effect profile , tolerability , and cost . </P> <P> Muscle relaxants ( according to one study ) were not advised for orthopedic conditions , but rather for neurological conditions such as spasticity in cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis . Dantrolene , although thought of primarily as a peripherally acting agent , is associated with CNS effects , whereas baclofen activity is strictly associated with the CNS . </P> <P> Muscle relaxants are thought to be useful in painful disorders based on the theory that pain induces spasm and spasm causes pain . However , considerable evidence contradicts this theory . </P> <P> In general , muscle relaxants are not approved by FDA for long - term use . However , rheumatologists often prescribe cyclobenzaprine nightly on a daily basis to increase stage 4 sleep . By increasing this sleep stage , patients feel more refreshed in the morning . Improving sleep is also beneficial for patients who have fibromyalgia . </P> <P> Muscle relaxants such as tizanidine are prescribed in the treatment of tension headaches . </P> <P> Diazepam and carisoprodol are not recommended for older adults , pregnant women , or people who suffer depression or for those with a history of drug or alcohol addiction . </P> <H3> Mechanism ( edit ) </H3> <P> Because of the enhancement of inhibition in the CNS , most spasmolytic agents have the side effects of sedation , drowsiness and may cause dependence with long - term use . Several of these agents also have abuse potential , and their prescription is strictly controlled . </P> <P> The benzodiazepines , such as diazepam , interact with the GABA receptor in the central nervous system . While it can be used in patients with muscle spasm of almost any origin , it produces sedation in most individuals at the doses required to reduce muscle tone . </P> <P> Baclofen is considered to be at least as effective as diazepam in reducing spasticity , and causes much less sedation . It acts as a GABA agonist at GABA receptors in the brain and spinal cord , resulting in hyperpolarization of neurons expressing this receptor , most likely due to increased potassium ion conductance . Baclofen also inhibits neural function presynaptically , by reducing calcium ion influx , and thereby reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters in both the brain and spinal cord . It may also reduce pain in patients by inhibiting the release of substance P in the spinal cord , as well . </P> <P> Clonidine and other imidazoline compounds have also been shown to reduce muscle spasms by their central nervous system activity . Tizanidine is perhaps the most thoroughly studied clonidine analog , and is an agonist at α - adrenergic receptors , but reduces spasticity at doses that result in significantly less hypotension than clonidine . Neurophysiologic studies show that it depresses excitatory feedback from muscles that would normally increase muscle tone , therefore minimizing spasticity . Furthermore , several clinical trials indicate that tizanidine has a similar efficacy to other spasmolytic agents , such as diazepam and baclofen , with a different spectrum of adverse effects . </P> <P> The hydantoin derivative dantrolene is a spasmolytic agent with a unique mechanism of action outside of the CNS . It reduces skeletal muscle strength by inhibiting the excitation - contraction coupling in the muscle fiber . In normal muscle contraction , calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the ryanodine receptor channel , which causes the tension - generating interaction of actin and myosin . Dantrolene interferes with the release of calcium by binding to the ryanodine receptor and blocking the endogenous ligand ryanodine by competitive inhibition . Muscle that contracts more rapidly is more sensitive to dantrolene than muscle that contracts slowly , although cardiac muscle and smooth muscle are depressed only slightly , most likely because the release of calcium by their sarcoplasmic reticulum involves a slightly different process . Major adverse effects of dantrolene include general muscle weakness

Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants are used

When are centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants used?

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Rio Bravo ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> Rio Bravo ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Rio Bravo . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Rio Bravo </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Howard Hawks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Howard Hawks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jules Furthman </Li> <Li> Leigh Brackett </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> `` Rio Bravo '' by B.H. McCampbell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John Wayne </Li> <Li> Dean Martin </Li> <Li> Ricky Nelson </Li> <Li> Angie Dickinson </Li> <Li> Walter Brennan </Li> <Li> Ward Bond </Li> <Li> John Russell </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Dimitri Tiomkin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Russell Harlan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Folmar Blangsted </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> March 18 , 1959 ( 1959 - 03 - 18 ) ( USA ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 141 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $5.2 million ( est . US / Canada rentals ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Rio Bravo is a 1959 American Western film produced and directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne , Dean Martin , Ricky Nelson , Angie Dickinson , Walter Brennan , and Ward Bond . Written by Jules Furthman and Leigh Brackett , based on the short story `` Rio Bravo '' by B.H. McCampbell , the film is about the sheriff of the town of Rio Bravo , Texas , who arrests the brother of a powerful local rancher to help his drunken deputy / friend . With the help of a cripple and a young gunfighter , they hold off the rancher 's gang . Rio Bravo was filmed on location at Old Tucson Studios outside Tucson , Arizona , in Technicolor . </P> <P> In 2014 , Rio Bravo was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 High Noon debate </Li> <Li> 5 Reception </Li> <Li> 6 Remakes and inspirations <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Remakes </Li> <Li> 6.2 Inspirations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Music </Li> <Li> 8 Comic book adaption </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the town of Rio Bravo , Texas , sheriff 's deputy Dude ( Dean Martin ) , who has acquired the contemptuous nickname Borrachón ( pronounced ( bo. raˈtʃon ) , Spanish for `` big drunk '' ) , enters a saloon but can not afford a drink . Joe Burdette ( Claude Akins ) , brother of rancher Nathan Burdette , watches as a barfly ( Myron Healey ) , tosses a silver dollar into a spittoon . Presidio County , Texas , Sheriff John T. Chance ( John Wayne ) appears and kicks the spittoon away , looking at Dude with disgust . Dude is shamed by his plight and takes out his anger on Chance , knocking him out with an ax handle . Joe begins punching Dude , then shoots and kills an unarmed bystander who tries to intervene . </P> <P> Joe heads to his brother 's saloon , where a bloody Chance comes to arrest him for the murder of the bystander . Another patron draws his gun on Chance , but Dude shoots the gun out of the man 's hand . Joe is locked up in the local jail . Chance is willing to deputize Dude , provided he can stay sober . Both remember how good with a gun Dude used to be . </P> <P> Chance 's friend Pat Wheeler ( Ward Bond ) and his wagon train of supplies stop in town , with a young gunslinger , Colorado Ryan ( Ricky Nelson ) , riding guard . Inside the jail , Stumpy ( Walter Brennan ) , Chance 's game - legged deputy , keeps watch over the jail and Joe , who knows that Stumpy holds an old grudge against Joe 's wealthy and powerful brother . Joe warns his jailers that Nathan Burdette will not like how his brother is being treated . </P> <P> A mysterious woman nicknamed Feathers ( Angie Dickinson ) is in the saloon , playing poker . In the meantime , Dude and Chance patrol the town . Hotel owner Carlos ( Pedro Gonzalez - Gonzalez ) stops the sheriff , saying Wheeler has been talking too much about Chance needing help . In the saloon , Chance implores Wheeler to stop , as it will draw attention from the wrong people . Wheeler suggests that Colorado could be of assistance , but Colorado politely declines , saying he wants to `` mind my own business '' . Colorado also promises not to start any trouble without telling the sheriff first . </P> <P> Feathers leaves the poker game a winner . Chance follows her up to her room and confronts her as a card cheat , with his evidence three missing aces from the deck of cards being used in the game and a handbill indicating she is wanted for card cheating . Colorado intervenes , saying another participant in the game is the real cheat . They confront the card cheat and prove his guilt . Chance refuses to apologize to Feathers for doing his job , but is no longer in a hurry to make her leave town . </P> <P> As Wheeler is walking back to the hotel , he is shot dead by a Burdette man hiding in the stable . Colorado offers to help , but is angrily turned away by Chance , who says , `` You had a chance to get in this and you did n't want it . '' Chance and Dude flush out the shooter , who escapes into Nathan 's saloon after Dude wounds him . Dude believes the man has muddy boots , but everyone in the bar has clean boots . Two of Burdette 's men suggest Dude needs a drink and one throws a silver dollar into a spittoon . The bartender puts a beer on the bar , but Dude notices blood dripping into the glass from above . He turns , fires , and kills the shooter . </P> <P> Chance goes back to the hotel to sleep . Without his knowledge , Feathers stands guard at the door to keep him safe , then returns to her room when he awakens . Chance discovers what she did and advises that she should leave on the next stagecoach . </P> <P> Nathan Burdette ( John Russell ) arrives in town with his men , intent on seeing his brother Joe . Dude is standing guard and confiscating all guns . One of Burdette 's men ignores him until Dude cuts one of his horse 's reins with a single shot . Nathan agrees to turn in their guns until they leave . </P> <P> Carlos says Feathers will not get on the stagecoach . She tells the sheriff she does not want to leave , then gives him a kiss . He indicates if he were not in such a fix at the jail , things between them might be different . </P> <P> Colorado visits the jail to tell Chance the meaning of a song , `` Degüello '' , or `` The Cutthroat Song '' , that Nathan is paying men to play at his saloon . The song , reported to have been played by Antonio López de Santa Anna 's men at the siege of the Alamo , indicates that `` no quarter '' will be given to one 's enemy , no mercy . Dude is trying hard to stay sober . He is given back his guns ( the ones he had before he left town , sold by Dude , but bought back by Chance ) , as well as some clothes he left behind . </P> <P> The next morning , while Dude is standing guard at the town entryway , four Burdette men attack him from behind and tie him up in a stable . Others get the drop on Chance , whose rifle is just out of reach . From inside the hotel , acting on Colorado 's instructions , Feathers throws a flower pot through a window a moment after Colorado steps out on the porch , distracting the Burdette men . Colorado quickly throws Chance 's rifle to him and the two men shoot the three Burdette hands . </P> <P> Chance decides to have his men hole up in the jail , as it will take several more days for the United States Marshal to arrive to take Joe to the Presidio . Dude 's nerves are shot , but as he is about to take a drink , the sound of `` The Cutthroat Song '' played by Burdette 's musicians steels his resolve . He and Chance go to the hotel to round up additional supplies , but Carlos and Consuela are captured by Burdette 's men , who trick Chance into charging and falling over a rope tied at the bottom of the stairs . Dude and Feathers are unable to help . </P> <P> Chance is ordered to take the men to the jail to let Joe go . He is reluctant to do so , but Dude implores Chance to cooperate , saying that Stumpy is alone and has no food or water to hold out very long . The remaining Burdette men at the hotel take Dude hostage and Nathan Burdette offers to trade him later for Joe . </P> <P> Stumpy opens fire at the jail , holding off Burdette 's men . Chance and Colorado then take Joe to make the trade for Dude at a warehouse , leaving Stumpy behind because of his bad leg . During the trade , walking in opposite directions , Dude tackles Joe and they scuffle while a gunfight erupts . Stumpy turns up and helps even the odds . Dude overpowers Joe . The lawmen throw dynamite sticks at the warehouse where Burdette and his men are based , shooting the sticks to explode them . After a few explosions rock the warehouse , the criminals surrender . </P> <P> All is quiet in town as Chance gets reacquainted with Feathers , who models a skimpy new costume she will be wearing in her new job singing at the hotel . After a pair of sheer tights comes floating from a window to the street , a delighted Stumpy retrieves it , but Dude cautions him to mind his own business . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> John Wayne and Angie Dickinson in Rio Bravo <Ul> <Li> John Wayne as John T. Chance </Li> <Li> Dean Martin as Dude </Li> <Li> Ricky Nelson as Colorado / Ryan </Li> <Li> Angie Dickinson as Feathers </Li> <Li> Walter Brennan as Stumpy </Li> <Li> Ward Bond as Pat Wheeler </Li> <Li> John Russell as Nathan Burdette </Li> <Li> Pedro Gonzalez Gonzalez as Carlos Robante </Li> <Li> Estelita Rodriguez as Consuela Robante </Li> <Li> Claude Akins as Joe Burdette </Li> <Li> Joseph Shimada as Burt </Li> </Ul> <P> Malcolm Atterbury and Harry Carey Jr. also receive a screen credit in the film 's opening , but their scenes were deleted from the final film . </P>

The role of Stumpy in the movie Rio Bravo was played by

Who played stumpy in the movie rio bravo?

-4112499438130311497

Protein biosynthesis - wikipedia <H1> Protein biosynthesis </H1> Jump to : navigation , search RNA is transcribed in the nucleus ; once completely processed , it is transported to the cytoplasm and translated by the ribosome ( shown in very pale grey behind the tRNA ) . <P> Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins ; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export . Translation , the assembly of amino acids by ribosomes , is an essential part of the biosynthetic pathway , along with generation of messenger RNA ( mRNA ) , aminoacylation of transfer RNA ( tRNA ) , co-translational transport , and post-translational modification . Protein biosynthesis is strictly regulated at multiple steps . They are principally during transcription ( phenomena of RNA synthesis from DNA template ) and translation ( phenomena of amino acid assembly from RNA ) . </P> <P> The cistron DNA is transcribed into the first of a series of RNA intermediates . The last version is used as a template in synthesis of a polypeptide chain . Protein will often be synthesized directly from genes by translating mRNA . However , when a protein must be available on short notice or in large quantities , a protein precursor is produced . A proprotein is an inactive protein containing one or more inhibitory peptides that can be activated when the inhibitory sequence is removed by proteolysis during posttranslational modification . A preprotein is a form that contains a signal sequence ( an N - terminal signal peptide ) that specifies its insertion into or through membranes , i.e. , targets them for secretion . The signal peptide is cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum . Preproproteins have both sequences ( inhibitory and signal ) still present . </P> <P> In protein synthesis , a succession of tRNA molecules charged with appropriate amino acids are brought together with an mRNA molecule and matched up by base - pairing through the anti-codons of the tRNA with successive codons of the mRNA . The amino acids are then linked together to extend the growing protein chain , and the tRNAs , no longer carrying amino acids , are released . This whole complex of processes is carried out by the ribosome , formed of two main chains of RNA , called ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) , and more than 50 different proteins . The ribosome latches onto the end of an mRNA molecule and moves along it , capturing loaded tRNA molecules and joining together their amino acids to form a new protein chain . </P> <P> Protein biosynthesis , although very similar , is different for prokaryotes and eukaryotes . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Transcription </Li> <Li> 2 Translation </Li> <Li> 3 Events during or following protein translation </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Transcription ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Transcription ( genetics ) Diagram showing the process of transcription <P> Phenomena of RNA synthesis from DNA template In transcription an mRNA chain is generated , with one strand of the DNA double helix in the genome as a template . This strand is called the template strand . Transcription can be divided into 3 stages : initiation , elongation , and termination , each regulated by a large number of proteins such as transcription factors and coactivators that ensure that the correct gene is transcribed . </P> <P> Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus , where the DNA is held . The DNA structure of the cell is made up of two helixes made up of sugar and phosphate held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases of opposite strands . The sugar and the phosphate in each strand are joined together by stronger phosphodiester covalent bonds . The DNA is `` unzipped '' ( disruption of hydrogen bonds between different single strands ) by the enzyme helicase , leaving the single nucleotide chain open to be copied . RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand from the 3 - prime ( 3 ' ) end to the 5 - prime ( 5 ' ) end , while it synthesizes a single strand of messenger RNA in the 5 ' - to - 3 ' direction . The general RNA structure is very similar to the DNA structure , but in RNA the nucleotide uracil takes the place that thymine occupies in DNA . The single strand of mRNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores , and migrates into the cytoplasm . </P> <P> The first product of transcription differs in prokaryotic cells from that of eukaryotic cells , as in prokaryotic cells the product is mRNA , which needs no post-transcriptional modification , whereas , in eukaryotic cells , the first product is called primary transcript , that needs post-transcriptional modification ( capping with 7 - methyl - guanosine , tailing with a poly A tail ) to give hnRNA ( heterogeneous nuclear RNA ) . hnRNA then undergoes splicing of introns ( noncoding parts of the gene ) via spliceosomes to produce the final mRNA . </P> <H2> Translation ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Translation ( biology ) Diagram showing the process of translation Diagram showing the translation of mRNA and the synthesis of proteins by a ribosome <P> Phenomena of amino acid assembly from RNA . The synthesis of proteins from RNA is known as translation . In eukaryotes , translation occurs in the cytoplasm , where the ribosomes are located . Ribosomes are made of a small and large subunit that surround the mRNA . In translation , messenger RNA ( mRNA ) is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide according to the rules specified by the trinucleotide genetic code . This uses an mRNA sequence as a template to guide the synthesis of a chain of amino acids that form a protein . Translation proceeds in four phases : activation , initiation , elongation , and termination ( all describing the growth of the amino acid chain , or polypeptide that is the product of translation ) . </P> <P> In activation , the correct amino acid ( AA ) is joined to the correct transfer RNA ( tRNA ) . While this is not , in the technical sense , a step in translation , it is required for translation to proceed . The AA is joined by its carboxyl group to the 3 ' OH of the tRNA by an ester bond . When the tRNA has an amino acid linked to it , it is termed `` charged '' . Initiation involves the small subunit of the ribosome binding to 5 ' end of mRNA with the help of initiation factors ( IF ) , other proteins that assist the process . Elongation occurs when the next aminoacyl - tRNA ( charged tRNA ) in line binds to the ribosome along with GTP and an elongation factor . Termination of the polypeptide happens when the A site of the ribosome faces a stop codon ( UAA , UAG , or UGA ) . When this happens , no tRNA can recognize it , but releasing factor can recognize nonsense codons and causes the release of the polypeptide chain . The capacity of disabling or inhibiting translation in protein biosynthesis is used by some antibiotics such as anisomycin , cycloheximide , chloramphenicol , tetracycline , streptomycin , erythromycin , puromycin , etc . </P> <H2> Events during or following protein translation ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Proteolysis , Posttranslational modification , and Protein folding <P> Events that occur during or following biosynthesis include proteolysis , post-translational modification and protein folding . Proteolysis may remove N - terminal , C - terminal or internal amino - acid residues or peptides from the polypeptide . The termini and side - chains of the polypeptide may be subjected to post-translational modification . These modifications may be required for correct cellular localisation or the natural function of the protein . During and after synthesis , polypeptide chains often fold to assume , so called , native secondary and tertiary structures . This is known as protein folding and is typically required for the natural function of the protein . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Central dogma of molecular biology </Li> <Li> Cistron </Li> <Li> Gene expression </Li> <Li> Genetic code </Li> <Li> Operon </Li> <Li> Peptide synthesis </Li> <Li> Protein production </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Kafri M , Metzl - Raz E , Jona G , Barkai N. 2016 . The Cost of Protein Production . Cell Rep 14 : 22 -- 31 . https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.015 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Alberts , Bruce ( 2002 ) . Molecular biology of the cell . New York : Garland Science . p. 760 . ISBN 0 - 8153 - 3218 - 1 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Alberts , Bruce . Molecular Biology of the Cell , 5e . New York : Garland Science , 2008 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Interactive Java simulation of transcription initiation . From Center for Models of Life at the Niels Bohr Institute . </Li> <Li> A website focused primarily on Protein Synthesis . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Protein primary structure and posttranslational modifications </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peptide bond </Li> <Li> Protein biosynthesis </Li> <Li> Proteolysis </Li> <Li> Racemization </Li> <Li> N-O acyl shift </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> N terminus </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Acetylation </Li> <Li> Carbamylation </Li> <Li> Formylation </Li> <Li> Glycation </Li> <Li> Methylation </Li> <Li> Myristoylation ( Gly ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> C terminus </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Amidation </Li> <Li> Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol ( GPI ) </Li> <Li> O - methylation </Li> <Li> Detyrosination </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Single specific AAs </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Serine / Threonine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Phosphorylation </Li> <Li> Dephosphorylation </Li> <Li> Glycosylation </Li> <Li> Methylidene - imidazolone ( MIO ) formation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tyrosine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Phosphorylation </Li> <Li> Dephosphorylation </Li> <Li> Sulfation </Li> <Li> Porphyrin ring linkage </Li> <Li> Adenylylation </Li> <Li> Flavin linkage </Li> <Li> Topaquinone ( TPQ ) formation </Li> <Li> Detyrosination </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cysteine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Palmitoylation </Li> <Li> Prenylation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aspartate </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Succinimide formation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Glutamate </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Carboxylation </Li> <Li> Methylation </Li> <Li> Polyglutamylation </Li> <Li> Polyglycylation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Asparagine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Deamidation </Li> <Li> Glycosylation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Glutamine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Transglutamination </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lysine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Methylation </Li> <Li> Acetylation </Li> <Li> Acylation </Li> <Li> Adenylylation </Li> <Li> Hydroxylation </Li> <Li> Ubiquitination </Li> <Li> Sumoylation </Li> <Li> ADP - ribosylation </Li> <Li> Deamination </Li> <Li> Oxidative deamination to aldehyde </Li> <Li> O - glycosylation </Li> <Li> Imine formation </Li> <Li> Glycation </Li> <Li> Carbamylation </Li> <Li> Succinylation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arginine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Citrullination </Li> <Li> Methylation </Li> <Li> ADP - ribosylation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Proline </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hydroxylation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Histidine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Diphthamide formation </Li> <Li> Adenylylation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tryptophan </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> C - mannosylation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Crosslinks between two AAs </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Cysteine - Cysteine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disulfide bond </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Methionine - Hydroxylysine </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sulfilimine bond </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lysine - Tyrosylquinone </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lysine tyrosylquinone ( LTQ ) formation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tryptophan - Tryptophylquinone </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tryptophan tryptophylquinone ( TTQ )

Protein is made

Where is the protien made in the cell?

-1610026924693898649

Vanishing point - wikipedia <H1> Vanishing point </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Vanishing point ( disambiguation ) . A vanishing point can be seen at the far end of this railroad . <P> A vanishing point is a point on the image plane of a perspective drawing where the two - dimensional perspective projections ( or drawings ) of mutually parallel lines in three - dimensional space appear to converge . When the set of parallel lines is perpendicular to a picture plane , the construction is known as one - point perspective , and their vanishing point corresponds to the oculus , or `` eye point '' , from which the image should be viewed for correct perspective geometry . Traditional linear drawings use objects with one to three sets of parallels , defining one to three vanishing points . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Graphical projection </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Planar ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Parallel projection <Ul> <Li> Orthographic projection <Ul> <Li> Multiview projection </Li> <Li> Axonometric projection <Ul> <Li> Isometric projection </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Oblique projection </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Perspective projection <Ul> <Li> Curvilinear perspective </Li> <Li> Reverse perspective </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Views ( show ) <Ul> <Li> 2.5 D </Li> <Li> Bird 's - eye view </Li> <Li> Cross section </Li> <Li> Cutaway drawing </Li> <Li> Exploded view drawing </Li> <Li> Fisheye lens </Li> <Li> Panorama </Li> <Li> Worm 's - eye view </Li> <Li> Zoom lens </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Topics ( show ) <Ul> <Li> 3D projection </Li> <Li> Anamorphosis </Li> <Li> Axonometry </Li> <Li> Computer graphics </Li> <Li> Computer - aided design </Li> <Li> Descriptive geometry </Li> <Li> Engineering drawing </Li> <Li> Map projection </Li> <Li> Picture plane </Li> <Li> Plans ( drawings ) </Li> <Li> Projection ( linear algebra ) </Li> <Li> Projection plane </Li> <Li> Projective geometry </Li> <Li> Stereoscopy </Li> <Li> Technical drawing </Li> <Li> Vanishing point </Li> <Li> Video game graphics </Li> <Li> Viewing frustum </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Vector notation </Li> <Li> 2 Theorem </Li> <Li> 3 Vanishing line </Li> <Li> 4 Properties of vanishing points </Li> <Li> 5 Curvilinear and reverse perspective </Li> <Li> 6 Detection of vanishing points </Li> <Li> 7 Applications of vanishing points </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Vector notation ( edit ) </H2> A 2D construction of perspective viewing , showing the formation of a vanishing point <P> The vanishing point may also be referred to as the `` direction point '' , as lines having the same directional vector , say D , will have the same vanishing point or converge at the same vanishing points . Mathematically , let q ≡ ( x , y , f ) be a point lying on the image plane , where f is the focal length ( of the camera associated with the image ) , and let v ≡ ( x / h , y / h , f / h ) be the unit vector associated with q , where h = √ x + y + f . If we consider a straight line in space S with the unit vector n ≡ ( n , n , n ) and its vanishing point v , the unit vector associated with v is equal to n , assuming both are assumed to point towards the image plane . </P> <P> When the image plane is parallel to two world - coordinate axes , lines parallel to the axis which is cut by this image plane will meet at infinity i.e. at the vanishing point . Lines parallel to the other two axes will not form vanishing points as they are parallel to the image plane . This is one - point perspective . Similarly , when the image plane intersects two world - coordinate axes , lines parallel to those planes will meet at infinity and form two vanishing points . This is called two - point perspective . In three - point perspective the image plane intersects the x , y , and z axes and therefore lines parallel to these axes intersect , resulting in three different vanishing points . </P> See also : Property 1 below <H2> Theorem ( edit ) </H2> <P> The vanishing point theorem is the principal theorem in the science of perspective . It says that the image in a picture plane π of a line L in space , not parallel to the picture , is determined by its intersection with π and its vanishing point . Some authors have used the phrase , `` the image of a line includes its vanishing point '' . Guidobaldo del Monte gave several verifications , and Humphry Ditton called the result the `` main and Great Proposition '' . Brook Taylor wrote the first book in English on perspective in 1714 , which introduced the term `` vanishing point '' and was the first to fully explain the geometry of multipoint perspective , and historian Kirsti Andersen compiled these observations . She notes , in terms of projective geometry , the vanishing point is the image of the point at infinity associated with L , as the sightline from O through the vanishing point is parallel to L . </P> <H2> Vanishing line ( edit ) </H2> <P> As a vanishing point originates in a line , so a vanishing line originates in a plane α that is not parallel to the picture π . Given the eye point O , and β the plane parallel to α and lying on O , then the vanishing line of α is β ∩ π . For example , when α is the ground plane and β is the horizon plane , then the vanishing line of α is the horizon line β ∩ π . Anderson notes , `` Only one particular vanishing line occurs , often referred to as the `` horizon '' . </P> <P> To put it simply , the vanishing line of some plane , say α , is obtained by the intersection of the image plane with another plane , say β , parallel to the plane of interest ( α ) , passing through the camera center . For different sets of lines parallel to this plane α , their respective vanishing points will lie on this vanishing line . The horizon line is a theoretical line that represents the eye level of the observer . If the object is below the horizon line , its vanishing lines angle up to the horizon line . If the object is above , they slope down . All vanishing lines end at the horizon line . </P> <H2> Properties of vanishing points ( edit ) </H2> <P> 1 . Projections of two sets of parallel lines lying in some plane π appear to converge , i.e. the vanishing point associated with that pair , on a horizon line , or vanishing line H formed by the intersection of the image plane with the plane parallel to π and passing through the pinhole . Proof : Consider the ground plane π , as y = c which is , for the sake of simplicity , orthogonal to the image plane . Also , consider a line L that lies in the plane π , which is defined by the equation ax + bz = d . Using perspective pinhole projections , a point on L projected on the image plane will have coordinates defined as , </P> <Dl> <Dd> x ′ = f x / z = f d − bz / az </Dd> <Dd> y ′ = f y / z = f c / z </Dd> </Dl> <P> This is the parametric representation of the image L ′ of the line L with z as the parameter . When z → − ∞ it stops at the point ( x ′ , y ′ ) = ( − fb / a , 0 ) on the x ′ axis of the image plane . This is the vanishing point corresponding to all parallel lines with slope − b / a in the plane π . All vanishing points associated with different lines with different slopes belonging to plane π will lie on the x ′ axis , which in this case is the horizon line . </P> <P> 2 . Let A , B , and C be three mutually orthogonal straight lines in space and v ≡ ( x , y , f ) , v ≡ ( x , y , f ) , v ≡ ( x , y , f ) be the three corresponding vanishing points respectively . If we know the coordinates of one of these points , say v , and the direction of a straight line on the image plane , which passes through a second point , say v , we can compute the coordinates of both v and v </P> <P> 3 . Let A , B , and C be three mutually orthogonal straight lines in space and v ≡ ( x , y , f ) , v ≡ ( x , y , f ) , v ≡ ( x , y , f ) be the three corresponding vanishing points respectively . The orthocenter of the triangle with vertices in the three vanishing points is the intersection of the optical axis and the image plane . </P> <H2> Curvilinear and reverse perspective ( edit ) </H2> <P> A curvilinear perspective is a drawing with either 4 or 5 vanishing points . In 5 - point perspective the vanishing points are mapped into a circle with 4 vanishing points at the cardinal headings N , W , S , E and one at the circle 's origin . </P> <P> A reverse perspective is a drawing with vanishing points that are placed outside the painting with the illusion that they are `` in front of '' the painting . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Single point perspective projection . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Double point perspective projection . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Pietro Perugino 's use of perspective in the Delivery of the Keys fresco at the Sistine Chapel ( 1481 -- 82 ) helped bring the Renaissance to Rome . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Detection of vanishing points ( edit ) </H2> <P> Several methods for vanishing point detection make use of the line segments detected in images . Other techniques involve considering the intensity gradients of the image pixels directly . </P> <P> There are significantly large numbers of vanishing points present in an image . Therefore , the aim is to detect the vanishing points that correspond to the principal directions of a scene . This is generally achieved in two steps . The first step , called the accumulation step , as the name suggests , clusters the line segments with the assumption that a cluster will share a common vanishing point . The next step finds the principal clusters present in the scene and therefore it is called the search step . </P> <P> In the accumulation step , the image is mapped onto a bounded space called the accumulator space . The accumulator space is partitioned into units called cells . Barnard assumed this space to be a Gaussian sphere centered on the optical center of the camera as an accumulator space . A line segment on the image corresponds to a great circle on this sphere , and the vanishing point in the image is mapped to a point . The Gaussian sphere has accumulator cells that increase when a great circle passes through them , i.e. in the image a line segment intersects the vanishing point . Several modifications have been made since , but one of the most

A line that lies parallel to the horizon is said to be

If there is a line that lies parallel to the horizon it is said to be?

507570588061075741

<Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 : 44 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> 4 : 51 </Td> <Td> NE </Td> <Td> Corey Dillon 2 - yard touchdown run , Vinatieri kick good </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 : 40 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> 3 : 49 </Td> <Td> NE </Td> <Td> 22 - yard field goal by Vinatieri </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1 : 48 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 79 </Td> <Td> 3 : 52 </Td> <Td> PHI </Td> <Td> Greg Lewis 30 - yard touchdown reception from McNabb , Akers kick good </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> `` TOP '' = time of possession . For other American football terms , see Glossary of American football . </Td> <Th> 24 </Th> <Th> 21 </Th> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Statistical overview ( edit ) </H3> The Patriots score their second touchdown of the game <P> McNabb completed 30 out of 51 passes for 357 yards and 3 touchdowns , but threw 3 interceptions and was sacked four times . McNabb 's 357 yards are tied with Joe Montana for the fifth most in Super Bowl history and third most of any quarterback , as Tom Brady holds the top spot with 505 yards in Super Bowl LII and Kurt Warner holds the following 3 spots . Westbrook was the Eagles leading rusher with 44 yards , while also catching 6 passes for 70 yards and a touchdown and returning 3 punts for 19 yards . Pinkston caught 4 passes for 82 yards , while Owens was the Eagles ' top receiver with 9 catches for 122 yards , however neither of them scored a touchdown . </P> <P> Brady completed 23 out of 33 passes for 236 yards and 2 touchdowns . Dillon was the top rusher of the game with 75 yards and a touchdown , and had 3 catches for 31 yards . Running back Kevin Faulk contributed 38 rushing yards and 27 receiving yards . </P> <P> Branch 's Super Bowl record 11 catches tied Cincinnati Bengals ' Dan Ross in Super Bowl XVI and San Francisco 49ers ' Jerry Rice in Super Bowl XXIII . Coincidentally , all three would later be traded to the Seattle Seahawks : Ross in 1985 , Rice in 2004 and Branch in 2006 . Branch 's combined 21 catches in Super Bowls XXXVIII and XXXIX are the most in back - to - back Super Bowls . Branch also became the third offensive player ever to win Super Bowl MVP honors without scoring a touchdown or throwing a touchdown pass . The other two players were Joe Namath in Super Bowl III and Fred Biletnikoff in Super Bowl XI . </P> <P> Branch and Terrell Owens each had 100 yards receiving , marking the third time in Super Bowl history , one player from each team had over 100 yards in a Super Bowl . Michael Irvin and Andre Reed were the first in Super Bowl XXVII , and Branch and Muhsin Muhammad the second a year earlier in Super Bowl XXXVIII . Branch also became the fourth player to have at least 100 yards receiving in back - to - back Super Bowls , joining John Stallworth , Jerry Rice and Antonio Freeman . Also , Mike Vrabel and David Givens became just the 14th and 15th players to score a touchdown in consecutive Super Bowls . Vrabel is the most surprising person on this list because he is a linebacker and he scored his on offense . They also became just the 7th and 8th players to catch a touchdown in back - to - back Super Bowls . </P> <P> With the victory , Tom Brady became just the fourth quarterback to win at least three Super Bowls , along with Terry Bradshaw , Joe Montana and Troy Aikman . Brady also became the fourth quarterback to throw a touchdown pass in three different Super Bowls . Other quarterbacks to do it were Terry Bradshaw , Joe Montana and John Elway , with Kurt Warner later accomplishing the feat during Super Bowl XLIII . </P> <P> The Patriots joined the Dallas Cowboys as the only teams in NFL history to win three Super Bowls in a span of four years . </P> <H2> Aftermath ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Patriots ' Super Bowl win was the third championship for Boston - area sports teams in 12 months , following the Patriots winning Super Bowl XXXVIII the year before and the Red Sox winning the World Series -- first in 86 years -- three months earlier . This marked the first time since 1989 -- 1990 in the San Francisco Bay Area that the same market has had 2 Super Bowl and World Series winners in 12 months . The Patriots would later appear in Super Bowl XLII and Super Bowl XLVI , losing both to Eli Manning 's New York Giants , before winning Super Bowl XLIX against the Seattle Seahawks , 28 -- 24 , ten years later and Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons , 34 - 28 , two years later . The latest Super Bowl win for the Patriots makes it ten titles among the four Boston teams ( 5 by the Patriots , 3 by the Red Sox , and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) since 2002 . </P> <P> For the Eagles , with the loss , the city of Philadelphia would not see its first championship since the 76ers swept the 1983 NBA Finals until the next time their city 's teams played for a championship , when the Phillies won the 2008 World Series . The Eagles did not return to the Super Bowl until 2017 , also with a 13 - 3 record , and defeating the Falcons and Vikings in the playoffs . </P> <P> The Eagles and the Patriots met again in Super Bowl LII , following the 2017 season , with the Eagles taking their revenge 41 -- 33 . </P> <P> This is the last time that a team has won back - to - back Super Bowls , with the Patriots losing their second playoff game a year later and then , for the next eight years , every team either losing their first playoff game or missing them altogether . The streak was broken in 2014 when the Seahawks defeated the Panthers and ultimately advanced to the Super Bowl , only to lose to a Patriots goal line stand . The next year , the Patriots , having faltered down the stretch , entered those playoffs as the second seed behind the Broncos , who then defeated New England in the AFC Title Game that year en route to a title of their own in Super Bowl 50 . Two years later , the Patriots , defending champions themselves from Super Bowl LI , returned to repeat their title only to lose the aforementioned Super Bowl LII . </P> <H2> Final statistics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Sources : NFL.com Super Bowl XXXIX , Super Bowl XXXIX Play Finder NE , Super Bowl XXXIX Play Finder Phi </P> <H3> Statistical comparison ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> New England Patriots </Th> <Th> Philadelphia Eagles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First downs </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First downs rushing </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First downs passing </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First downs penalty </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Third down efficiency </Td> <Td> 4 / 12 </Td> <Td> 9 / 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fourth down efficiency </Td> <Td> 0 / 0 </Td> <Td> 0 / 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Net yards rushing </Td> <Td> 112 </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rushing attempts </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yards per rush </Td> <Td> 4.0 </Td> <Td> 2.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Passing -- Completions -- attempts </Td> <Td> 23 / 33 </Td> <Td> 30 / 51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Times sacked -- total yards </Td> <Td> 2 -- 17 </Td> <Td> 4 -- 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Interceptions thrown </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Net yards passing </Td> <Td> 219 </Td> <Td> 324 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Total net yards </Td> <Td> 331 </Td> <Td> 369 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Punt returns -- total yards </Td> <Td> 4 -- 26 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kickoff returns -- total yards </Td> <Td> 4 -- 63 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 114 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Interceptions -- total return yards </Td> <Td> 3 -- 5 </Td> <Td> 0 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Punts -- average yardage </Td> <Td> 7 -- 45.1 </Td> <Td> 5 -- 42.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fumbles -- lost </Td> <Td> 1 -- 1 </Td> <Td> 2 -- 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Penalties -- yards </Td> <Td> 7 -- 47 </Td> <Td> 3 -- 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Time of possession </Td> <Td> 31 : 37 </Td> <Td> 28 : 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Turnovers </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Individual leaders ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="6"> Patriots Passing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> C / ATT </Th> <Th> Yds </Th> <Th> TD </Th> <Th> INT </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tom Brady </Td> <Td> 23 / 33 </Td> <Td> 236 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 110.2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="6"> Patriots Rushing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Car </Th> <Th> Yds </Th> <Th> TD </Th> <Th> LG </Th> <Th> Yds / Car </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corey Dillon </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 4.17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kevin Faulk </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 4.75 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Patrick Pass </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tom Brady </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> − 1 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> − 1 </Td> <Td> - 1.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="6"> Patriots Receiving </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Rec </Th> <Th> Yds </Th> <Th> TD </Th> <Th> LG </Th> <Th> Target </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Deion Branch </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 133 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corey Dillon </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> David Givens </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kevin Faulk </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Troy Brown </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Daniel Graham </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mike Vrabel </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2t </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> David Patten </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="6"> Eagles Passing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> C / ATT </Th> <Th> Yds </Th> <Th> TD </Th> <Th> INT </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Donovan McNabb </Td> <Td> 30 / 51 </Td> <Td> 357 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 75.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="6"> Eagles Rushing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Car </Th> <Th> Yds </Th> <Th> TD </Th> <Th> LG </Th> <Th> Yds / Car </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brian Westbrook </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 2.93 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dorsey Levens </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1.00 </Td>

The last time the Philadelphia Eagles played the New England Patriots was

When's the last time the philadelphia eagles played the new england patriots?

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c. 1790 -- 1840 ) </Li> <Li> Third ( c. 1855 -- 1900 ) </Li> <Li> Fourth ( c. 1960 -- 1980 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States . The movement began around 1790 , gained momentum by 1800 and , after 1820 , membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement . It was past its peak by the late 1850s . The Second Great Awakening reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm , emotion , and an appeal to the super-natural . It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment . </P> <P> The revivals enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations . Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age . The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ . </P> <P> Historians named the Second Great Awakening in the context of the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s and of the Third Great Awakening of the late 1850s to early 1900s . These revivals were part of a much larger Romantic religious movement that was sweeping across Europe at the time , mainly throughout England , Scotland , and Germany . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Spread of revivals <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Background </Li> <Li> 1.2 Theology </Li> <Li> 1.3 Burned - over district </Li> <Li> 1.4 West and Tidewater South </Li> <Li> 1.5 West </Li> <Li> 1.6 Church membership soars </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Subgroups <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Adventism </Li> <Li> 2.2 Holiness movement </Li> <Li> 2.3 Restoration Movement </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Culture and society </Li> <Li> 4 Slaves and free Africans </Li> <Li> 5 Women </Li> <Li> 6 Prominent figures </Li> <Li> 7 Political implications </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Historiography </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Spread of revivals ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Baptists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Background ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Christianity </Li> <Li> Protestantism </Li> <Li> Puritanism </Li> <Li> Anabaptism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Doctrine ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Priesthood of all believers </Li> <Li> Individual soul liberty </Li> <Li> Separation of church and state </Li> <Li> Sola scriptura </Li> <Li> Congregationalism </Li> <Li> Ordinances </Li> <Li> Offices </Li> <Li> Confessions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Key figures ( show ) <Ul> <Li> John Smyth </Li> <Li> Thomas Helwys </Li> <Li> Roger Williams </Li> <Li> John Clarke </Li> <Li> John Bunyan </Li> <Li> Shubal Stearns </Li> <Li> Andrew Fuller </Li> <Li> Charles Spurgeon </Li> <Li> D.N. Jackson </Li> <Li> James Robinson Graves </Li> <Li> William Bullein Johnson </Li> <Li> William Carey </Li> <Li> Luther Rice </Li> <Li> Martin Luther King Jr . </Li> <Li> Billy Graham </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Organizations ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Baptist denominations </Li> <Li> Baptist colleges and universities </Li> <Li> Baptist World Alliance </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Baptist portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Calvinism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Calvin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Background ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Christianity </Li> <Li> St. Augustine </Li> <Li> The Reformation </Li> <Li> Five Solas </Li> <Li> Synod of Dort </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Theology ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Theology of John Calvin </Li> <Li> Covenant theology </Li> <Li> Lord 's Supper </Li> <Li> Regulative principle </Li> <Li> Predestination in Calvinism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Documents ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Institutes of the Christian Religion </Li> <Li> Geneva Bible </Li> <Li> Three Forms of Unity </Li> <Li> Westminster Standards </Li> <Li> Canons of Dort </Li> <Li> Second Helvetic Confession </Li> <Li> Heidelberg Catechism </Li> <Li> Belgic Confession </Li> <Li> La Rochelle Confession </Li> <Li> Savoy Declaration </Li> <Li> 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith </Li> <Li> First Helvetic Confession </Li> <Li> Scots Confession </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Influences ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Huldrych Zwingli </Li> <Li> Martin Bucer </Li> <Li> Peter Martyr Vermigli </Li> <Li> William Farel </Li> <Li> Heinrich Bullinger </Li> <Li> John Calvin </Li> <Li> John Knox </Li> <Li> Theodore Beza </Li> <Li> Francis Turretin </Li> <Li> Jonathan Edwards </Li> <Li> Charles Hodge </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Churches ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Continental Reformed </Li> <Li> Presbyterian </Li> <Li> Congregationalist </Li> <Li> Reformed Baptist </Li> <Li> Low church Anglican </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Peoples ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Afrikaners </Li> <Li> Huguenots </Li> <Li> Pilgrims </Li> <Li> Puritans </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Largest groups ( show ) <Ul> <Li> World Communion of Reformed Churches </Li> <Li> World Reformed Fellowship </Li> <Li> International Conference of Reformed Churches </Li> <Li> North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council </Li> <Li> Presbyterianism in South Korea </Li> <Li> List of Reformed denominations </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Calvinism portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <P> Like the First Great Awakening a half century earlier , the Second reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm , emotion , and an appeal to the super-natural . It rejected the skepticism , deism , and rationalism left over from the Enlightenment . At about the same time , similar movements flourished in Europe . Pietism was sweeping German countries . Evangelicalism was waxing strong in England . </P> <P> The Second Great Awakening occurred in several episodes and over different denominations ; however , the revivals were very similar . As the most effective form of evangelizing during this period , revival meetings cut across geographical boundaries , and the movement quickly spread throughout Kentucky , Tennessee and southern Ohio . Each denomination had assets that allowed it to thrive on the frontier . The Methodists had an efficient organization that depended on itinerant ministers , known as circuit riders , who sought out people in remote frontier locations . The circuit riders came from among the common people , which helped them establish rapport with the frontier families they hoped to convert . </P> <H3> Theology ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Postmillennialism <P> Postmillennialism theology dominated American Protestantism in the first half of the 19th century . Postmillennialists believed that Christ will return to earth after the `` millennium '' , which could entail either a literal 1,000 years or a figurative `` long period '' of peace and happiness . Christians thus had a duty to purify society in preparation for that return . This duty extended beyond American borders to include Christian Restorationism . George Fredrickson argues that Postmillennial theology `` was an impetus to the promotion of Progressive reforms , as historians have frequently pointed out . '' During the Second Great Awakening of the 1830s , some diviners expected the millennium to arrive in a few years . By the 1840s , however , the great day had receded to the distant future , and postmillennialism became a more passive religious dimension of the wider middle - class pursuit of reform and progress . </P> <H3> Burned - over district ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Burned - over district <P> In the early nineteenth century , western New York State was called the `` burned - over district '' because of the highly publicized revivals that crisscrossed the region . Charles Finney , a leading revivalist active in the area , coined the term . Linda K. Pritchard uses statistical data to show that compared to the rest of New York State , the Ohio River Valley in the lower Midwest , and the country as a whole , the religiosity of the Burned - over District was typical rather than exceptional . </P> <H3> West and Tidewater South ( edit ) </H3> <P> On the American Frontier , evangelical denominations sent missionary preachers and exhorters out to the people in the backcountry , which supported the growth of membership among Methodists and Baptists . Revivalists ' techniques were based on the camp meeting , with its Scottish Presbyterian roots . Most of the Scots - Irish immigrants before the American Revolutionary War settled in the backcountry of Pennsylvania and down the spine of the Appalachian Mountains . </P> <P> These denominations were based on an interpretation of man 's spiritual equality before God , which led them to recruit members and preachers from a wide range of classes and all races . Baptists and Methodist revivals were successful in some parts of the Tidewater in the South , where an increasing number of common planters , plain folk , and slaves were converted . </P> <H3> West ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Revival of 1800 <P> In the newly settled frontier regions , the revival was implemented through camp meetings . These often provided the first encounter for some settlers with organized religion , and they were important as social venues . The camp meeting was a religious service of several days ' length with preachers . Settlers in thinly populated areas gathered at the camp meeting for fellowship as well as worship . The sheer exhilaration of participating in a religious revival with crowds of hundreds and perhaps thousands of people inspired the dancing , shouting , and singing associated with these events . The revivals followed an arc of great emotional power , with an emphasis of the individual 's sins and need to turn to Christ , restored by a sense of personal salvation . Upon their return home , most converts joined or created small local churches , which grew rapidly . The Second Great Awakening marked a religious transition in society in America . Many Americans from the Calvinist sect emphasized man 's inability to save themselves and that their only way to be saved was from grace from God . </P> <P> The Revival of 1800 in Logan County , Kentucky , began as a traditional Presbyterian sacramental occasion . The first informal camp meeting began there in June , when people began camping on the grounds of the Red River Meeting House . Subsequent meetings followed at the nearby Gasper River and Muddy River congregations , all three under the ministry of James McGready . One year later , an even larger sacrament occasion was held at Cane Ridge , Kentucky under Barton Stone , attracting perhaps as many as 20,000 people . Numerous Presbyterian , Baptist and Methodist ministers participated in the services . Thanks to such leaders as Barton W. Stone ( 1772 -- 1844 ) and Alexander Campbell ( 1788 -- 1866 ) , the camp meeting revival became a major mode of church expansion for the Methodists and Baptists . </P> <P> The Cumberland Presbyterian Church emerged in Kentucky . Cane Ridge was also instrumental in fostering what became known as the Restoration Movement . This was made up of non-denominational churches committed to what they saw as the original , fundamental Christianity of the New Testament . They were committed to individuals ' achieving a personal relationship with Christ . Churches with roots in this movement include the Churches of Christ , Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ) , and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada </P> <H3> Church membership soars ( edit ) </H3> 1839 Methodist camp meeting <P> The Methodist circuit riders and local Baptist preachers made enormous gains ; to a lesser extent the Presbyterians gained members , particularly with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in sparsely settled areas . As a result , the numerical strength of the Baptists and Methodists rose relative to that of the denominations dominant in the colonial

The purpose of a revival meeting during the Second Great Awakening was

What was the purpose of a revival meeting during the second great awakening?

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to offer Frank a deal by which he can live out the remainder of his sentence working for the bank fraud department of the FBI , which Frank accepts . While working at the FBI , Frank misses the thrill of the chase and even attempts to fly as an airline pilot again . He is cornered by Carl , who insists that Frank will return to the FBI job since no one is chasing him . On the following Monday , Carl is nervous that Frank has not yet arrived at work . However , Frank eventually arrives and they discuss their next case . </P> <P> The ending credits reveal that Frank has been happily married for 26 years , has three sons , lives in the Midwest , is still good friends with Carl , has caught some of the world 's most elusive money forgers , and earns millions of dollars each year because of his work creating unforgeable checks . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Leonardo DiCaprio and the real Frank Abagnale . <Ul> <Li> Leonardo DiCaprio as Frank Abagnale , Jr . Before his 19th birthday , Frank successfully conned millions of dollars ' worth of checks as a Pan Am pilot , doctor , and Louisiana parish prosecutor . </Li> <Li> Tom Hanks as Carl Hanratty , an FBI agent who pursues Frank for most of the film . Hanratty is often teased by other agents who take check fraud as a joke . Hanratty is divorced , and his daughter and ex-wife live in Chicago . In the end , Carl and Frank become great friends . </Li> <Li> Christopher Walken as Frank Abagnale , Sr. , Frank 's father , and a World War II veteran . Frank , Sr. loses his wife Paula and most of his wealth after he committed tax evasion . Frank , Sr. dies after falling down a staircase in a train station . </Li> <Li> Nathalie Baye as Paula Abagnale . Frank , Sr. meets her when she is 18 years old in Montrichard , France during World War II . Five weeks later , the couple marries . They divorce when Frank Jr. is 16 , leaving Paula to marry Jack Barnes , with whom she has a daughter . </Li> <Li> Amy Adams as Brenda Strong . Before becoming a nurse , Brenda had an abortion . Her strict Lutheran parents disown her , until they meet Frank , Jr . </Li> <Li> Martin Sheen as Roger Strong , Brenda 's father , and Carol 's husband . Roger is a well - recognized district attorney in Louisiana and is not easily convinced that Frank , Jr. graduated from law school . </Li> <Li> James Brolin as Jack Barnes , an associate of Frank , Sr. at the New Rochelle , New York Rotary Club . Barnes later carries on an affair with Paula , leading to the divorce of Frank Jr. 's parents . </Li> <Li> Nancy Lenehan as Carol Strong , Brenda 's mother and Roger 's wife . When thinking that Frank , Jr. is a doctor , lawyer and Lutheran , she is highly ecstatic for her daughter 's marriage . </Li> </Ul> <P> Brian Howe , Frank John Hughes and Chris Ellis portray FBI agents . Jennifer Garner cameos as a call girl . Ellen Pompeo , Elizabeth Banks , and Kaitlin Doubleday have supporting roles . The real Frank Abagnale appears in a cameo as a French police officer arresting his character . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> Frank Abagnale sold the film rights to his autobiography in 1980 . Executive Producer Michel Shane purchased the film rights in 1990 , for Paramount Pictures . By December 1997 , Barry Kemp purchased the film rights from Shane , bringing the project to DreamWorks , with Jeff Nathanson writing the script . By April 2000 , David Fincher was attached to direct over the course of a few months , but dropped out in favor of Panic Room . In July 2000 , Leonardo DiCaprio had entered discussions to star , with Gore Verbinski to direct . Steven Spielberg signed on as producer , and filming was set to begin in March 2001 . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Verbinski cast James Gandolfini as Carl Hanratty , Ed Harris as Frank Abagnale , Sr. , and Chloë Sevigny as Brenda Strong . Verbinski dropped out because of DiCaprio 's commitment on Gangs of New York . Lasse Hallström was in negotiations to direct by May 2001 , but dropped out in July 2001 . At this stage Harris and Sevigny left the film , but Gandolfini was still attached . Spielberg , co-founder of DreamWorks , offered the job of director to Miloš Forman , and considered hiring Cameron Crowe . During this negotiation period , Spielberg began to consider directing the film himself , eventually dropping projects such as Big Fish and Memoirs of a Geisha . Spielberg officially committed to directing in August 2001 . </P> <P> The search for Strong 's portrayer lasted months but Amy Adams was eventually cast . Spielberg `` loved '' her tape and producer Walter F. Parkes commented that she was `` as fresh and honest as anyone we 'd seen , '' which was an important element in the role . Christopher Walken was cast as Frank Abagnale , Sr. following Parkes ' suggestion . Martin Sheen played Roger Strong as he had `` intimidating presence '' . Spielberg wanted a French actress to portray Paula Abagnale to stay true to the facts . He asked for the help of Brian De Palma , who was living in Paris and he did tests with several actresses such as Nathalie Baye . Spielberg had seen Jennifer Garner on Alias and wanted her to play a small role in the film due to her busy schedule . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> The original start date was January 2002 , but was pushed to February 7 in Los Angeles , California . Locations included Burbank , Downey , New York City , LA / Ontario International Airport ( which doubled for Miami International Airport ) , Quebec City and Montreal . The film was shot in 147 locations in only 52 days . DiCaprio reflected , `` Scenes that we thought would take three days took an afternoon '' . Filming ran from April 25 -- 30 in Park Avenue , just outside the Waldorf - Astoria Hotel . Production moved to Orange , New Jersey and returned to Brooklyn for bank and courthouse scenes . Shooting also took place at the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport . Quebec City was chosen for its European character and French feel . Place Royale , within Old Quebec , stands for Montrichard -- the church in the background of the arrest scene is Notre - Dame - des - Victoires . Filming ended on May 12 in Montreal . </P> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Catch Me If You Can ( soundtrack ) <P> The film 's soundtrack was released on December 10 , 2002 by DreamWorks Records . The original score was composed and conducted by John Williams . </P> <H2> Historical accuracy ( edit ) </H2> <P> Despite the various changes from real - life events , Abagnale believed Spielberg was the only filmmaker who `` could do this film justice '' . However , Abagnale had little involvement with the film . In November 2001 Abagnale reported , `` I 've never met nor spoken to Steven Spielberg and I have not read the script . I prefer not to . I understand that they now portray my father in a better light , as he really was . Steven Spielberg has told the screenplay writer ( Jeff Nathanson ) that he wants complete accuracy in the relationships and actual scams that I perpetrated . I hope in the end the movie will be entertaining , exciting , funny and bring home an important message about family , childhood and divorce '' . </P> <P> The real Abagnale never saw his father again after he ran away from home . Spielberg `` wanted to continue to have that connection where Frank kept trying to please his father ; by making him proud of him ; by seeing him in the uniform , the Pan-American uniform '' . However , Abagnale praised the idea . `` Even though I did n't see my dad again , every night after living a brilliant day and meeting many women , and making much money , I 'd come back alone to a hotel room and I would just think of my mom and dad and fantasize about getting them back together again , and cry . It 's the justification of a fantasy . '' In the shooting script the character was referred to as Joseph Shea , but was changed to Carl Hanratty for unknown reasons . </P> <H2> Themes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Catch Me if You Can deals with themes of broken homes and troubled childhoods . Spielberg 's parents divorced when he was a teenager , similar to Frank Abagnale 's situation . In the film , Carl Hanratty is also divorced from his wife , who lives with their daughter in Chicago . `` Some of my films have had to do with broken homes and people on the run from their sad pasts '' , Spielberg stated . `` But there are those strands that got me to say : you know , there 's something also about me that I can say through the telling of this kind of lighthearted story '' . </P> <P> Spielberg also wanted to create a film that sympathized with a crook . He explained , `` Frank was a 21st century genius working within the innocence of the mid ' 60s , when people were more trusting than they are now . I do n't think this is the kind of movie where somebody could say , ' I have a career plan . ' '' </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> `` I know that Hollywood has made a number of changes to the story , but I am honored that Steven Spielberg , Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks participated in the making of the movie inspired by my life . It is important to understand that it is just a movie , not a biographical documentary . '' -- Frank Abagnale 's reaction to the film <P> Game Show Network aired the 1977 episode of the television game show To Tell the Truth that featured Frank Abagnale . Segments were shown on December 29 , 2002 and January 1 , 2003 as promotion . The marketing department was careful to market the film as `` inspired by a true story '' in order to avoid controversy similar to that surrounding A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) and The Hurricane ( 1999 ) , both of which deviated from history . The premiere took place at Westwood , Los Angeles , California on December 18 , 2002 . </P> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> Catch Me If You Can was released on December 25 , 2002 , earning slightly above $30 million in 3,225 theaters during its opening weekend . The film went on to gross $164.6 million in North America and $187.5 million in foreign countries , coming at a worldwide total of $352.1 million . The film was a financial success , recouping the $52 million budget six times over . Catch Me If You Can was the eleventh highest - grossing film of 2002 . Minority Report ( also directed by Spielberg ) was tenth highest . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has a certified fresh rating of 96 % , based on 197 reviews , with an average rating of 7.9 / 10

The movie "Catch Me If You Can" was made in

When was catch me if you can made?

-4553359052770918451

Eastern coastal plains - Wikipedia <H1> Eastern coastal plains </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article relies largely or entirely on a single source . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources . ( May 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> View of Fields at Biccavolu , Eastern coastal plains , Andhra Pradesh <P> The Eastern Coastal Plains refers to a wide stretch of landmass of India , lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal . It is wider and leveled than the western coastal plains and stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the north through Andhra Pradesh and Odisha . Chilka Lake is a brackish water lake along the eastern coastal plain . It lies in the state of Odisha and stretches to the south of the Mahanadi Delta . </P> <P> Deltas of many of India 's rivers form a major portion of these plains . The Mahanadi , Godavari , Kaveri and Krishna rivers drain these plains . The region receives both the Northeast & Southwest monsoon rains with its annual rainfall averaging between 1,000 and 3,000 mm ( 39 and 118 in ) . The width of the plains varies between 100 and 130 km ( 62 to 80 miles ) . </P> <P> It is locally known as Utkal Plains in the Northern part between Cossye and Rushikulya Rivers , Northern Circars in the Central part between Rushikulya and Krishna Rivers and , as Coromandel Coast in the Southern part from the south of river Krishna till the Southern tip of Mainland India at Cape Comorin where it merges with the Western Coastal Plains . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Western Coastal Plains </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Sr. Bimcy ; Sr. Sisily ; Charlotte . Bibliographic information . Scholar Publishing House . pp. 20 -- 21 . ISBN 8171725163 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Geography of India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Climate </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Climate </Li> <Li> Climatic regions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Geology </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fossil Parks </Li> <Li> Geology of India </Li> <Li> Indian Plate </Li> <Li> Stones </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Landforms </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Beaches </Li> <Li> Canals </Li> <Li> Desert </Li> <Li> Extreme points </Li> <Li> Glaciers </Li> <Li> Islands </Li> <Li> Lakes </Li> <Li> Mountains </Li> <Li> Rivers </Li> <Li> Valleys </Li> <Li> Volcanoes </Li> <Li> Waterfalls </Li> <Li> Plains <Ul> <Li> Indo - Gangetic </Li> <Li> Eastern Coastal </Li> <Li> Western Coastal </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Regions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> North India </Li> <Li> Northeast India </Li> <Li> East India </Li> <Li> South India </Li> <Li> West India </Li> <Li> Central India </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subdivisions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Autonomous administrative divisions </Li> <Li> States and territories </Li> <Li> Districts </Li> <Li> Cities </Li> <Li> Towns </Li> <Li> Municipalities </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Environment </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Biogeographic classification </Li> <Li> Ecoregions </Li> <Li> Fauna </Li> <Li> Flora </Li> <Li> Forests </Li> <Li> Issues </Li> <Li> Protected Areas </Li> <Li> Wildlife </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This Indian location article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_coastal_plains&oldid=812520937 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Plains of India </Li> <Li> Coasts of India </Li> <Li> India geography stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from May 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> India articles missing geocoordinate data </Li> <Li> All articles needing coordinates </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 28 November 2017 , at 08 : 32 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The coastal plains in India are located

Where are the coastal plains located in india?

1002962494655967639

this was a first for the corporation and occurred following approval from general shareholders at a meeting on the same day . Additionally , Vice Chairman Takeshi Uchiyamada replaced Fujio Cho as chairman , as the latter became an honorary chairman while Toyoda remains in the post of President . </P> <P> Toyota is publicly traded on the Tokyo , Osaka , Nagoya , Fukuoka , and Sapporo exchanges under company code TYO : 7203 . In addition , Toyota is foreign - listed on the New York Stock Exchange under NYSE : TM and on the London Stock Exchange under LSE : TYT . Toyota has been publicly traded in Japan since 1949 and internationally since 1999 . </P> <P> As reported on its consolidated financial statements , Toyota has 540 consolidated subsidiaries and 226 affiliates . </P> <Ul> <Li> Toyota Motor North America ( 100 % -- 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Toyota Canada Inc. ( 51 % -- 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Toyota Tsusho -- Trading company for the Toyota Group </Li> <Li> Daihatsu Motor Company ( 100 % ) </Li> <Li> Hino Motors ( 50.1 % -- 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Lexus 100 % ( 1989 ) </Li> <Li> Scion 100 % ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> DENSO ( 24.74 % -- September 30 , 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Toyota Industries ( 23.51 % -- March 31 , 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Aisin Seiki Co . ( 23.0 % -- September 30 , 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Subaru Corporation ( 16.66 % -- June 28 , 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Isuzu Motors ( 5.9 % -- November 10 , 2006 ) </Li> <Li> PT Toyota Astra Motor ( 49 % -- 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Noble Automotive ( 23 % -- 2014 ) </Li> <Li> PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia ( 95 % -- 2003 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Global ranking ( edit ) </H3> <P> Toyota , which earlier was the world 's third largest automotive manufacturer behind American General Motors and Ford , produced for first time in history more vehicles than Ford in 2005 , and in 2006 even more than General Motors and has been the world 's largest automotive manufacturer since then , except in 2011 when it , triggered by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami , fell to the # 3 position behind General Motors and German Volkswagen Group . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of Toyota <H3> 1930s ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1924 , Sakichi Toyoda invented the Toyoda Model G Automatic Loom . The principle of jidoka , which means the machine stops itself when a problem occurs , became later a part of the Toyota Production System . Looms were built on a small production line . In 1929 , the patent for the automatic loom was sold to the British company Platt Brothers , generating the starting capital for the automobile development . </P> Mass production of Toyoda automated loom , displayed at the Toyota Museum in Nagakute - cho , Aichi - gun , Aichi Pref . Japan <P> The production of Toyota automobiles was started in 1933 as a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of automobiles under the direction of the founder 's son , Kiichiro Toyoda . Its first vehicles were the A1 passenger car and the G1 in 1935 . The Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent company in 1937 </P> Toyoda Standard Sedan AA 1936 <P> Vehicles were originally sold under the name `` Toyoda '' ( トヨダ ) , from the family name of the company 's founder , Kiichirō Toyoda . In April 1936 , Toyoda 's first passenger car , the Model AA , was completed . The sales price was 3,350 yen , 400 yen cheaper than Ford or GM cars . </P> House of Toyota founder Kiichiro Toyoda , near Toyota City <P> In September 1936 , the company ran a public competition to design a new logo . Of 27,000 entries , the winning entry was the three Japanese katakana letters for `` Toyoda '' in a circle . But Rizaburo Toyoda , who had married into the family and was not born with that name , preferred `` Toyota '' ( トヨタ ) because it took eight brush strokes ( a lucky number ) to write in Japanese , was visually simpler ( leaving off the diacritic at the end ) , and with a voiceless consonant instead of a voiced one ( voiced consonants are considered to have a `` murky '' or `` muddy '' sound compared to voiceless consonants , which are `` clear '' ) . </P> Inside the house of Toyota founder Kiichiro Toyoda , near Toyota City <P> Since toyoda literally means `` fertile rice paddies '' , changing the name also prevented the company from being associated with old - fashioned farming . The newly formed word was trademarked and the company was registered in August 1937 as the Toyota Motor Company . </P> The Supra JZA80 has now become an automobile icon the world over . Rivaling Nissan 's GTR . The MR2 SW20 , a mid-engine sports car from the 1990s . First - generation Toyopet Crown Model RSD ( 1955 / 1 -- 1958 / 10 ) Toyota at the Rally Dakar , 1992 <H3> 1940s -- 1950s ( edit ) </H3> <P> From September 1947 , Toyota 's small - sized vehicles were sold under the name `` Toyopet '' ( トヨペット ) . The first vehicle sold under this name was the Toyopet SA , but it also included vehicles such as the Toyopet SB light truck , Toyopet Stout light truck , Toyopet Crown , Toyopet Master , and the Toyopet Corona . The word `` Toyopet ( Japanese article ) '' was a nickname given to the Toyota SA due to its small size , as the result of a naming contest the Toyota Company organized in 1947 . However , when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown , the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets . The name was soon dropped for the American market , but continued in other markets until the mid-1960s . </P> <H3> 1960s -- 1970s ( edit ) </H3> <P> By the early 1960s , the US had begun placing stiff import tariffs on certain vehicles . The so - called `` chicken tax '' of 1964 placed a 25 % tax on imported light trucks . In response to the tariff , Toyota , Nissan Motor Co. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the US by the early 1980s . </P> <H3> 1980s ( edit ) </H3> With over 40 million sold , the Corolla is one of the most popular and best selling cars in the world . <P> Toyota received its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start of the 1980s and began participating in a wide variety of motorsports . Due to the 1973 oil crisis , consumers in the lucrative US market began turning to small cars with better fuel economy . American car manufacturers had considered small economy cars to be an entry - level product , and their small vehicles employed a low level of quality to keep the price low . Conservative Toyota held on to rear - wheel - drive designs for longer than most ; while a clear first in overall production they were only third in production of front - wheel - drive cars in 1983 , behind Nissan and Honda . In part due to this , Nissan 's Sunny managed to squeeze by the Corolla in numbers built that year . </P> <P> In 1982 , the Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company , the Toyota Motor Corporation . Two years later , Toyota entered into a joint venture with General Motors called the New United Motor Manufacturing , Inc , NUMMI , operating an automobile - manufacturing plant in Fremont , California . The factory was an old General Motors plant that had been closed for two years . Toyota then started to establish new brands at the end of the 1980s , with the launch of their luxury division Lexus in 1989 . </P> <H3> 1990s ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the 1990s , Toyota began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup , including a full - sized pickup , the T100 ( and later the Tundra ) , several lines of SUVs , a sport version of the Camry , known as the Camry Solara , and the Scion brand . They would also launch newer and arguably more iconic iterations of their sports cars , namely the MR2 , Celica , and Supra during this era , all of which have already become icons of the 1990s . </P> <P> With a major presence in Europe , due to the success of Toyota Team Europe , the corporation decided to set up Toyota Motor Europe Marketing and Engineering , TMME , to help market vehicles in the continent . Two years later , Toyota set up a base in the United Kingdom , TMUK , as the company 's cars had become very popular among British drivers . Bases in Indiana , Virginia , and Tianjin were also set up . In 1999 , the company decided to list itself on the New York and London Stock Exchanges . </P> <H3> 2000s ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2001 , Toyota 's Toyo Trust and Banking merged with two other banks to form UFJ Bank , which was accused of corruption by Japan 's government for making bad loans to alleged Yakuza crime syndicates with executives accused of blocking Financial Service Agency inspections . The UFJ was listed among Fortune Magazine 's largest money - losing corporations in the world , with Toyota 's chairman serving as a director . At the time , the UFJ was one of the largest shareholders of Toyota . As a result of Japan 's banking crisis , UFJ merged with the Bank of Tokyo - Mitsubishi to become the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group . </P> <P> In 2002 , Toyota managed to enter a Formula One works team and establish joint ventures with French motoring companies Citroën and Peugeot a year after Toyota started producing cars in France . </P> <P> Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the world 's leading companies for the year 2005 but slid to 55 for 2011 . The company was number one in global automobile sales for the first quarter of 2008 . </P> <P> In 2007 , Toyota released an update of its full - sized truck , the Tundra , produced in two American factories , one in Texas and one in Indiana . Motor Trend named the Tundra `` Truck of the Year '' , and the 2007 Toyota Camry `` Car of the Year '' for 2007 . It also began the construction of two new factories , one to build the RAV4 in Woodstock , Ontario , Canada , and the other to build the Toyota Prius in Blue Springs , Mississippi , USA . This plant was originally intended to build the Toyota Highlander , but Toyota decided to use the plant in Princeton , Indiana , USA , instead . The company has also found recent success with its smaller models -- the Corolla and Yaris . </P> <H3> 2010s ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2011 , Toyota , along with large parts of the Japanese automotive industry , suffered from a series of natural disasters . The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami led to a severe disruption of the supplier base and a drop in production and exports . Severe flooding during the 2011 monsoon season in Thailand affected Japanese automakers that had chosen Thailand as a production base . Toyota is estimated to have lost production of 150,000 units to the tsunami

Toyota first came to the United States in

When did toyota first come to the united states?

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Quebec winter carnival - wikipedia <H1> Quebec winter carnival </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Quebec Winter Carnival Carnaval de Québec </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bonhomme Carnaval in 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Festival </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Begins </Th> <Td> End of January </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ends </Th> <Td> Mid February </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> Annually </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Quebec City </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Website </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Carnaval de Québec </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Quebec Winter Carnival or the Carnaval de Québec is a pre-Lenten festival held in Quebec City . After being held intermittently since 1894 , the Carnaval de Québec has been celebrated annually since 1955 . That year Bonhomme Carnaval , the mascot of the festival , made his first appearance . Up to one million people attended the Carnaval de Québec in 2006 making it the largest winter festival in the world . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Activities and attractions </Li> <Li> 2 Feasts and restaurants </Li> <Li> 3 Races and tournaments </Li> <Li> 4 Gallery </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Activities and attractions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The most famous attractions of this winter festival are the night - time and daytime parades led by mascot Bonhomme Carnaval . The parades wind through the upper city , decorated for the occasion with lights and ice sculptures . </P> <P> Numerous public and private parties , shows and balls are held across the city , some of them outside in the bitter cold , testimony to the Québécois ' fabled joie de vivre . </P> <P> Other major events include : </P> <Ul> <Li> A masquerade ball with up to 400 participants at the grand ballroom of the Château Frontenac . </Li> <Li> The opening and closing ceremonies taking place at the Ice Palace before thousands of participants , Bonhomme and the mayor of Quebec . </Li> <Li> Outdoor sport events ( snowboarding , ice canoe , snowshoes , hockey , dog - sledding , etc. , some of them part of World Championship tournaments ) inside and outside the city . </Li> <Li> Free outdoor public banquets ( brunch , breakfast , etc . ) . </Li> <Li> . The Canadian , Québécois , International and Student artist snow sculpture contests on the Plains of Abraham , the main setting of the carnival . The Plains are a public city park and stay open for leisure activities , including snowshoeing and cross-country skiing trails , during carnival time . Part of the Plains around the Citadel is transformed into an outdoor winter amusement park with various family - themed activities , including the display of the three main snow - sculpting contests ( Canada 's provinces , Quebec 's regions , International ) and the traditional bikini snow bath event ( bain de neige ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Outdoor dance parties are held at the Ice Palaces . </P> <Ul> <Li> Kiosks and other outlets in the city sell the Bonhomme effigy tag that grants admission into most of the events , although some are free outside the main site . </Li> <Li> Most commercial main streets are decorated and some bars and restaurants set up a winter patio in front of their establishments . </Li> <Li> Bonhomme -- short for bonhomme de neige ( `` snowman '' ) is the official ambassador of the festivities , the castle lord of the Ice Palace . Bonhomme is described as a seven - foot - tall , four - hundred pound snowman sporting a red cap , black buttons and a ceinture fléchée . </Li> <Li> It is traditional to drink Caribou , a hot alcoholic beverage , to keep warm . </Li> <Li> The public auction is a fundraising event in aid of the carnival . This auction features many goods and services donated for silent auction and live auction . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Feasts and restaurants ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Business Leaders ' Luncheon , organized by the Québec City Chamber of Commerce . </Li> <Li> The Calgary Stampede Flap Jack Breakfast . In 2008 , carnival - goers were served by Prime Minister Stephen Harper . </Li> <Li> The ' Restaurant Partners ' Campaign is a 179 - day promotion during which Québec City restaurants offer customers a special menu for a fixed price throughout the carnival ( including appetizer , soup , or salad , a main course , and a dessert ) . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Races and tournaments ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> A sleigh race in which drivers and their horses take part in a single - and double - harness race on the Plains of Abraham . </Li> <Li> An Ice canoe race on the St. Lawrence river . </Li> <Li> The Québec International Pee - Wee Hockey Tournament ( not officially part of the carnival program since 1977 ) . </Li> <Li> The Snowboard World Cup in Quebec City ( not part of the carnival official program ) . </Li> </Ul> <P> Also not part of the official program but worth a visit or a stay , the Quebec City Ice Hotel is open every year from early January to late March with its bar , nightclub , exhibition galleries and ceremonial chapel . </P> <H2> Gallery ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> <P> Ice sculpture ( 2005 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Family venue ( 2006 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Ice Palace ( 2009 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Parade in Montreal ( 2011 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Canoe race ( 2011 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Ice Palace ( 2011 ) </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Toboggan at Terrasse Dufferin </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Daniel Shafto ( 1 January 2009 ) . Carnival . Infobase Publishing . p. 80 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4381 - 2660 - 9 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hilary Davidson ; Paul Karr ; Herbert Bailey Livesey ; Bill McRae ; Donald Olson ( 14 August 2006 ) . Frommer 's Canada : With the best hiking & outdoor adventures . John Wiley & Sons . p. 300 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 470 - 04457 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/activities-and-interests/the-snowman-behind-the-legend-get-to-know-quebecs-beloved-bonhomme/article37716316/ </Li> </Ol> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Quebec Winter Carnaval virtual tour in panoramic photography </Li> <Li> Tornoipee-wee.qc.ca </Li> <Li> Fissnowboard.com </Li> <Li> Icehotel-canada.com </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quebec_Winter_Carnival&oldid=822352977 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Tourist attractions in Quebec City </Li> <Li> Festivals in Quebec City </Li> <Li> Winter festivals in Canada </Li> <Li> Mardi Gras </Li> <Li> 1894 establishments in Quebec </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from January 2018 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Quebec articles missing geocoordinate data </Li> <Li> All articles needing coordinates </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 25 January 2018 , at 21 : 54 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The official symbol of the Carnival of Quebec is

What is the official symbol of the carnival of quebec?

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Dancing on Ice - wikipedia <H1> Dancing on Ice </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the British series . For elsewhere , see Dancing on Ice around the world . For the most recent series , see Dancing on Ice ( series 10 ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dancing on Ice </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Title -- card used for the 2018 revival </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> ITV Studios </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Creative director ( s ) </Th> <Td> Christopher Dean ( 2006 -- 2014 ) Jayne Torvill ( 2006 -- 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> Phillip Schofield Holly Willoughby Christine Bleakley Jordan Banjo ( backstage ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Judges </Th> <Td> Robin Cousins Karen Barber Jason Gardiner Karen Kresge Nicky Slater Natalia Bestemianova Ruthie Henshall Emma Bunton Louie Spence Katarina Witt Ashley Roberts Christopher Dean Jayne Torvill Ashley Banjo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voices of </Th> <Td> Tony Gubba ( 2006 -- 13 ) Simon Reed ( 2013 -- 14 ) Matt Chapman ( 2018 ) Sam Matterface ( 2018 -- ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> Paul Farrer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of series </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 138 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jane Beacon Katie Rawcliffe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Elstree Studios ( 2006 -- 10 , 2012 -- 14 ) Shepperton Studios ( 2011 ) RAF Bovingdon ( 2018 -- ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 60 -- 120 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> ITV Studios </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> ITV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 16 : 9 1080i ( HDTV ) 16 : 9 576i ( SDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> Original Series : 14 January 2006 ( 2006 - 01 - 14 ) -- 9 March 2014 ( 2014 - 03 - 09 ) Revived Series : 7 January 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 07 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Dancing on Ice is a British television show presented by Phillip Schofield alongside Holly Willoughby from 2006 to 2011 , and Christine Bleakley from 2012 to 2014 . The show consists of celebrities and their professional partners figure skate in front of a panel of judges . The series , broadcast on ITV , started on 14 January 2006 and ended on 9 March 2014 after the show 's contract was not renewed by ITV . </P> <P> On 4 September 2017 , it was announced that a revived series would air on ITV from 7 January 2018 with Schofield and Willoughby returning as hosts alongside a new backstage host , Jordan Banjo . </P> <P> It was confirmed on 25 January 2018 , that Dancing on Ice had been recommissioned for an eleventh series to air in 2019 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background and history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Cancellation and revival </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Format </Li> <Li> 3 Series overview </Li> <Li> 4 Presenters , judges and coaches </Li> <Li> 5 Professionals </Li> <Li> 6 Required elements </Li> <Li> 7 Main series results <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Series 1 ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> 7.2 Series 2 ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> 7.3 Series 3 ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> 7.4 Series 4 ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 7.5 Series 5 ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> 7.6 Series 6 ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> 7.7 Series 7 ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> 7.8 Series 8 ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> 7.9 Series 9 : All -- Stars ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> 7.10 Series 10 ( 2018 ) </Li> <Li> 7.11 Series 11 ( 2019 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Series averages </Li> <Li> 9 Awards </Li> <Li> 10 Guest singers </Li> <Li> 11 Spin - offs <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Champion of Champions ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> 11.2 Dancing on Ice at Christmas ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> 11.3 Dancing on Ice : Make Me a Star ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> 11.4 Dancing on Ice : Ice Star ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 11.5 Dancing on Ice Goes Gold ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> 11.6 Dancing on Ice Friday ( 2010 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Studio set and ice rink </Li> <Li> 13 Dancing on Ice : The Tour </Li> <Li> 14 Merchandise </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background and history </H2> Former Dancing on Ice title -- card <P> The series was announced in November 2004 and originally titled Stars on Thin Ice , the show was renamed following the failure of ITV 's celebrity oriented 2005 summer schedule . Dancing on Ice is frequently compared to the BBC 's Strictly Come Dancing . In 2004 , the BBC aired a Strictly special entitled Strictly Ice Dancing at Christmas , which was won by England goalkeeper David Seaman ( who was a contestant in series 1 of Dancing on Ice ) . </P> <P> ITV 's show was given a January premiere amidst network doubts about its viability but became a surprise hit in Britain , where it became the third highest rated television show of 2006 . It attained an impressive 13 million viewers for the final in March . Britain 's best - known ice - skating duo and former Olympic champions Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean help to train the aspiring dancers , and also appear throughout the show with comments and advice . Head Coach Karen Barber also trains the skaters for the live show . From the beginning , Torvill and Dean opened every episode with a performance , with the exception of the second , third and fourth shows of the fourth series , when Torvill performed alone due to Dean 's recovery from a shoulder operation . In 2012 they performed less regularly . </P> <P> Schofield previously presented with Holly Willoughby , with commentary originally from Tony Gubba ( later Simon Reed ) and voiceovers done by John Sachs . The members of The Ice Panel were originally Karen Barber , Jason Gardiner , Nicky Slater and Robin Cousins , and the fifth judge varied from series to series : Karen Kresge in the first series , Natalia Bestemianova in the second , Ruthie Henshall in the third and fourth and Emma Bunton in the fifth . In series 6 , there were only three judges : Gardiner , Cousins and Bunton . </P> <P> During the shows first two series , it ran two supplementary programmes -- Dancing on Ice Defrosted , presented by Stephen Mulhern , and Dancing on Ice Exclusive ( or Dancing on Ice Extra during series 1 ) presented by Andi Peters alongside Andrea McLean in series 1 and Ben Shephard in series 2 . In mid-2007 , it was announced that both shows would not return to accompany the third series as the audience attracted was out of ITV2 's target range . As part of ITV 's new revamped schedule at the start of 2008 , from the third series , the show aired on a Sunday night and featured updated music and new titles as well as redesigned graphics . The series 3 finale was a massive draw , pulling an average 11.7 million viewers ( up from 9.6 million the previous year ) peaking at 12.6 million viewers over the two - hour slot , up over a million from series 2 . </P> <P> The seventh series began on 8 January 2012 , with Torvill and Dean as coaches for which they will be paid £ 250,000 each series . Christine Bleakley was announced as the new co-presenter of the show replacing Holly Willoughby , whilst Katarina Witt and Louie Spence replaced Emma Bunton and Jason Gardiner on the judging panel . On 20 November 2012 , it was announced that Gardiner was to return to the panel for the 2013 series , replacing Spence . The full judging panel for the 2013 series was revealed on 28 December 2012 , with former The Pussycat Dolls singer Ashley Roberts joining and Karen Barber returning to the panel after acting as head coach on the show the previous two years ; they joined Gardiner and head judge Robin Cousins on the panel . </P> <H3> Cancellation and revival </H3> <P> On 21 May 2013 , Torvill and Dean announced that they would leave the series after its ninth series in 2014 , leading to speculation that the whole show would be axed . On 24 June 2013 it was rumoured that Dancing on Ice may continue after they have left with new coaches , however , on 22 October 2013 it was confirmed that the show would end after its ninth series in 2014 . </P> <P> On 4 September 2017 , ITV confirmed that the show would return in 2018 . Torvill and Dean will return to the show as head judges along with Schofield and Willoughby as presenters . On 19 October 2017 , Ashley Banjo was confirmed as a judge . Later that month Gardiner confirmed that he would return to the judging panel . Ashley 's brother Jordan Banjo acts as the show 's backstage digital host . ITV Racing 's betting presenter Matt Chapman was announced as the new commentator on 16 December 2017 . However , following the first live show on 7 January , Chapman claimed that he had `` quit '' the show but it was later confirmed to be a decision by the ITV producers , responding to pressure from the TV audience . Sport commentator Sam Matterface was later confirmed as Chapman 's replacement . </P> <P> It was announced on 25 January 2018 that Dancing on Ice would return for an eleventh series in 2019 . The presenters , judges and participating celebrities are yet to be confirmed by ITV . </P> <H2> Format </H2> <P> Each week the celebrities and their partners perform a live ice dance routine . The four / five ( as of Series 8 ) judges ( commonly known as the Ice Panel ) judge each performance and give a mark between 0.0 and 10.0 ( 0.0 to 6.0 between series 1 and 5 ) , depending on the performance . These total scores then create a leaderboard which combines with the public vote in order to determine the two lowest placed couples . As this is the case , the pair with the lowest score from the judges can avoid being in the bottom two if the public vote for them . </P> <P> Once the scores and votes are combined to form the final leaderboard for that week 's show , the two / three couples at the bottom compete in a final showdown known as the `` Skate Off '' , where they perform their routine again . Once the couples have performed their routines for the judging panel , the judges decide on who deserves to stay and cast their votes , based on their second performance . The couple with the most votes from the judges receives a place in the following week 's show , while the couple with the fewest votes leaves the competition . One couple leaves each week , but in series 7 , two couples left in one week , due to numbering issues . </P> <P> A live reunion special was staged one week after the end of each season , with all celebrities talking about their experiences during the season , and answering questions from a live studio audience . Torvil and Dean themselves then made a special

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The Rolling Stones - wikipedia <H1> The Rolling Stones </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Rolling Stones '' redirects here . For other uses , see Rolling Stones ( disambiguation ) . For the magazine , see Rolling Stone . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Rolling Stones </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Rolling Stones performing at Summerfest in Milwaukee in 2015 . Left to right : Charlie Watts , Ronnie Wood , Mick Jagger and Keith Richards </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Background information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> London , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genres </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rock </Li> <Li> blues </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1962 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Decca </Li> <Li> London </Li> <Li> Rolling Stones </Li> <Li> Virgin </Li> <Li> ABKCO </Li> <Li> Interscope </Li> <Li> Polydor </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated acts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The New Barbarians </Li> <Li> Billy Preston </Li> <Li> Faces </Li> <Li> The Pretty Things </Li> <Li> John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers </Li> <Li> Bill Wyman 's Rhythm Kings </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> rollingstones.com </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mick Jagger </Li> <Li> Keith Richards </Li> <Li> Charlie Watts </Li> <Li> Ronnie Wood </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Past members </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brian Jones </Li> <Li> Ian Stewart </Li> <Li> Dick Taylor </Li> <Li> Bill Wyman </Li> <Li> Mick Taylor </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London , England in 1962 . The first stable line - up consisted of Brian Jones ( guitar , harmonica ) , Mick Jagger ( lead vocals ) , Keith Richards ( guitar , backing vocals ) , Bill Wyman ( bass ) , Charlie Watts ( drums ) , and Ian Stewart ( piano ) . Stewart was removed from the official line - up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985 . Jones left the band less than a month before his death in 1969 , having already been replaced by Mick Taylor , who remained until 1974 . After Taylor left the band , Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since . Following Wyman 's departure in 1993 , Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist . Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins ( 1967 -- 1982 ) , Ian McLagan ( 1978 -- 1981 ) , Billy Preston ( through the mid-1970s ) and Chuck Leavell ( 1982 -- present ) . The band was first led by Brian Jones , but after developing into the band 's songwriters , Jagger and Richards assumed leadership when Jones was dealing with personal troubles and legal issues . </P> <P> The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the United States in 1964 , and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s . Rooted in blues and early rock and roll , the group began a short period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album Their Satanic Majesties Request ( 1967 ) . Subsequently , the group returned to its `` bluesy '' roots with Beggars Banquet ( 1968 ) which along with its follow - ups Let It Bleed ( 1969 ) , Sticky Fingers ( 1971 ) and Exile on Main St. ( 1972 ) is generally considered to be the band 's best work and is seen as their `` Golden Age '' . During this period , they were first introduced on stage as `` The Greatest Rock and Roll Band in the World '' . Musicologist Robert Palmer attributed the endurance of the Rolling Stones to their being `` rooted in traditional verities , in rhythm - and - blues and soul music '' , while `` more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone '' . </P> <P> The band continued to release commercially successful albums , including Some Girls ( 1978 ) and Tattoo You ( 1981 ) , which were their most popular albums worldwide . From 1983 to 1987 , tensions between Jagger and Richards almost caused the band to split . However , they managed to patch up their friendship after they separated temporarily to work on solo projects , and experienced a comeback with Steel Wheels ( 1989 ) , which was followed by a large stadium and arena tour . Since the 1990s , new recorded material from the group has been less well - received and less frequent . Despite this , the Rolling Stones have continued to be a huge attraction on the live circuit , with stadium tours in the 1990s and 2000s . By 2007 , the band had four of the top five highest - grossing concert tours of all time : Voodoo Lounge Tour ( 1994 -- 1995 ) , Bridges to Babylon Tour ( 1997 -- 1998 ) , Licks Tour ( 2002 -- 2003 ) and A Bigger Bang Tour ( 2005 -- 2007 ) . </P> <P> The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004 . Rolling Stone magazine ranked them fourth on the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' list and their estimated album sales are above 250 million . They have released 30 studio albums , 18 live albums and numerous compilations . Let It Bleed ( 1969 ) was their first of five consecutive No. 1 studio and live albums in the UK . Sticky Fingers ( 1971 ) was the first of eight consecutive No. 1 studio albums in the US . In 2008 , the band ranked 10th on the Billboard Hot 100 All - Time Top Artists chart . In 2012 , the band celebrated its 50th anniversary . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Early history </Li> <Li> 1.2 1962 -- 1964 : Building a following </Li> <Li> 1.3 1965 -- 1967 : Height of fame </Li> <Li> 1.4 1968 -- 1972 : `` Back to basics '' </Li> <Li> 1.5 1972 -- 1977 : Critical fluctuations and Ronnie Wood </Li> <Li> 1.6 1978 -- 1982 : Commercial peak </Li> <Li> 1.7 1983 -- 1988 : Band turmoil and solo efforts </Li> <Li> 1.8 1989 -- 1999 : Comeback , return to popularity , and record - breaking tours </Li> <Li> 1.9 2000 -- 2011 : A Bigger Bang and continued success </Li> <Li> 1.10 2012 -- present : 50th anniversary and covers album </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Musical development </Li> <Li> 3 Legacy </Li> <Li> 4 Tours </Li> <Li> 5 Band members </Li> <Li> 6 Discography </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 9.2 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Early History ( edit ) </H3> <P> Keith Richards and Mick Jagger became childhood friends and classmates in 1950 in Dartford , Kent , before the Jagger family moved to Wilmington , five miles ( 8.05 km ) away , in 1954 . In the mid-1950s , Jagger formed a garage band with his friend Dick Taylor ; the group mainly played material by Muddy Waters , Chuck Berry , Little Richard , Howlin ' Wolf and Bo Diddley . Jagger met Richards again on 17 October 1961 on platform two of Dartford railway station and the Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records that Jagger was carrying revealed a common interest . A musical partnership began shortly afterwards . Richards joined Jagger and Taylor at frequent meetings at Jagger 's house . The meetings switched to Taylor 's house in late 1961 , where the three were joined by Alan Etherington and Bob Beckwith ; the quintet called themselves the Blues Boys . </P> <P> In March 1962 , the Blues Boys read about the Ealing Jazz Club in Jazz News newspaper , which mentioned Alexis Korner 's rhythm and blues band , Blues Incorporated . The group sent a tape of their best recordings to Korner , who was favourably impressed . On 7 April , Korner visited Ealing Jazz Club , where they met the members of Blues Incorporated , who included the slide guitarist Brian Jones , the keyboardist Ian Stewart and the drummer Charlie Watts . After a meeting with Korner , Jagger and Richards started jamming with the group . </P> <P> Jones , no longer in a band , advertised for bandmates in Jazz Weekly , while Stewart found them a practice space ; together they decided to start a band playing Chicago blues . Soon after , Jagger , Taylor and Richards left Blues Incorporated to join Jones and Stewart . At the first rehearsal were also the guitarist Geoff Bradford and the vocalist Brian Knight , both of whom decided not to join the band , citing objections to playing the Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley songs preferred by Jagger and Richards . In June 1962 the line - up of Jagger , Richards , Jones , Stewart and Taylor was completed with the addition of the drummer Tony Chapman . According to Richards , Jones named the band during a phone call to Jazz News . When asked by a journalist for the band 's name , Jones saw a Muddy Waters LP lying on the floor ; one of the tracks was `` Rollin ' Stone '' . </P> <H3> 1962 -- 1964 : building a following ( edit ) </H3> The back room of what was the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond , London where the Rolling Stones had their first residency in 1963 <P> Jones , Jagger , Richards , Stewart and Taylor played a gig billed as `` the Rollin ' Stones '' on 12 July 1962 , at the Marquee Club in London . Shortly afterwards the band went on their first tour of the UK , which they called a `` training ground '' tour , because it was a new experience for all of them . Their material included the Chicago blues as well as Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley songs . At that time , the line - up included neither bassist Bill Wyman , who joined in December 1962 , nor drummer Charlie Watts , who joined in January 1963 , thus completing the band 's original rhythm section . By 1963 they were finding their musical stride as well as popularity , and in 1964 two unscientific opinion polls rated them as Britain 's most popular group , even outranking the Beatles . The name of the band was changed shortly after their first gig to `` The Rolling Stones '' . The group 's then acting manager Giorgio Gomelsky secured a Sunday afternoon residency at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond in February 1963 , which , Gomelsky claimed , triggered an `` international renaissance for the blues '' . </P> <P> In May 1963 , The Rolling Stones signed Andrew Loog Oldham as their manager ; he was a former publicist who had been directed to the band by his previous clients , the Beatles . Because Oldham was only nineteen and had not reached the age of majority -- he was also younger than anyone in the band -- he could not get an agent 's licence nor sign any contracts without his mother also signing . By necessity he joined with booking agent Eric Easton in order to secure record financing and assistance booking venues . Gomelsky , who had no written agreement with the band , was not consulted . Initially , Oldham tried to apply the strategy used by Brian Epstein , the Beatles ' manager : making the band members

The band members of the Rolling Stones include

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<Li> Archeology </Li> <Li> Artifacts </Li> <Li> Dating </Li> <Li> Historicity </Li> <Li> Internal consistency </Li> <Li> People </Li> <Li> Places </Li> <Li> Names </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Novum Testamentum Graece </Li> <Li> Documentary hypothesis </Li> <Li> Synoptic problem </Li> <Li> NT textual categories </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Biblical criticism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Historical </Li> <Li> Textual </Li> <Li> Source </Li> <Li> Form </Li> <Li> Redaction </Li> <Li> Canonical </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Interpretation ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Hermeneutics </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Pesher </Li> <Li> Midrash </Li> <Li> Pardes </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Allegorical interpretation </Li> <Li> Literalism </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Prophecy </Li> <Li> Inspiration </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Perspectives ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Gnostic </Li> <Li> Islamic </Li> <Li> Qur'anic </Li> <Li> Muhammad </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Inerrancy </Li> <Li> Infallibility </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Criticism of the Bible </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> Outline of Bible - related topics </P> Bible book Bible portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Council of Jerusalem or Apostolic Council was held in Jerusalem around AD 50 . It is unique among the ancient pre-ecumenical councils in that it is considered by Catholics and Orthodox to be a prototype and forerunner of the later ecumenical councils and a key part of Christian ethics . The council decided that Gentile converts to Christianity were not obligated to keep most of the Law of Moses , including the rules concerning circumcision of males . The Council did , however , retain the prohibitions on eating blood , meat containing blood , and meat of animals not properly slain , and on fornication and idolatry , sometimes referred to as the Apostolic Decree or Jerusalem Quadrilateral . </P> <P> Accounts of the council are found in Acts of the Apostles chapter 15 ( in two different forms , the Alexandrian and Western versions ) and also possibly in Paul 's letter to the Galatians chapter 2 . Some scholars dispute that Galatians 2 is about the Council of Jerusalem ( notably because Galatians 2 describes a private meeting ) while other scholars dispute the historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Historical background </Li> <Li> 2 Issues and outcome </Li> <Li> 3 Historicity </Li> <Li> 4 Interpreting the Council 's decision <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Modern interpretation <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Circumcision </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Historical background ( edit ) </H2> See also : Biblical law in Christianity § History and background , and Circumcision controversy in early Christianity § Jewish background <P> The Council of Jerusalem is generally dated to 48 AD , roughly 15 to 25 years after the crucifixion of Jesus , between 26 and 36 AD . Acts 15 and Galatians 2 both suggest that the meeting was called to debate whether or not male Gentiles who were converting to become followers of Jesus were required to become circumcised ; circumcision was considered repulsive during the period of Hellenization of the Eastern Mediterranean . </P> <P> At the time , most followers of Jesus ( which historians refer to as Jewish Christians ) were Jewish by birth and even converts would have considered the early Christians as a part of Judaism . According to Alister McGrath , the Jewish Christians affirmed every aspect of the then contemporary Second Temple Judaism with the addition of the belief that Jesus was the Messiah . Unless males were circumcised , they could not be God 's People . The meeting was called to decide whether circumcision for gentile converts was requisite for community membership since certain individuals were teaching that `` ( u ) nless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses , you can not be saved '' . </P> <P> Circumcision as a mandate was associated with Abraham ( see also Abrahamic covenant ) , but it is cited as `` the custom of Moses '' because Moses is considered the traditional giver of the Law as a whole . The circumcision mandate was made more official and binding in the Mosaic Law Covenant . In John 7 : 22 the words of Jesus are reported to be that Moses gave the people circumcision . </P> <H2> Issues and outcome ( edit ) </H2> <P> The purpose of the meeting , according to Acts , was to resolve a disagreement in Antioch , which had wider implications than just circumcision , since circumcision is the `` everlasting '' sign of the Abrahamic Covenant ( Genesis 17 : 9 -- 14 ) . Some of the Pharisees who had become believers insisted that it was `` needful to circumcise them , and to command ( them ) to keep the law of Moses '' ( KJV ) . </P> <P> The primary issue which was addressed related to the requirement of circumcision , as the author of Acts relates , but other important matters arose as well , as the Apostolic Decree indicates . The dispute was between those , such as the followers of the `` Pillars of the Church '' , led by James , who believed , following his interpretation of the Great Commission , that the church must observe the Torah , i.e. the rules of traditional Judaism , and Paul the Apostle , who believed there was no such necessity . ( See also Supersessionism , New Covenant , Antinomianism , Hellenistic Judaism , Paul the Apostle and Judaism . ) </P> <P> At the Council , following advice offered by Simon Peter ( Acts 15 : 7 -- 11 and Acts 15 : 14 ) , Barnabas and Paul gave an account of their ministry among the gentiles ( Acts 15 : 12 ) , and the apostle James quoted from the words of the prophet Amos ( Acts 15 : 16 -- 17 , quoting Amos 9 : 11 -- 12 ) . James added his own words to the quotation : `` Known to God from eternity are all His works '' and then submitted a proposal , which was accepted by the Church and became known as the Apostolic Decree : </P> <P> It is my judgment , therefore , that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God . Instead we should write to them , telling them to abstain from food polluted by idols , from sexual immorality , from the meat of strangled animals and from blood . For the law of Moses has been preached in every city from the earliest times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath . ( Acts 15 : 19 -- 21 ) </P> <P> Acts 15 : 23 -- 29 sets out the content of the letter written in accordance with James ' proposal . </P> <P> The Western version of Acts ( see Acts of the Apostles : Manuscripts ) adds the negative form of the Golden Rule ( `` and whatever things ye would not have done to yourselves , do not do to another '' ) . </P> <P> This determined questions wider than that of circumcision , particularly dietary questions , but also fornication and idolatry and blood , and also the application of Biblical law to non-Jews . It was stated by the Apostles and Elders in the Council : `` the Holy Spirit and we ourselves have favored adding no further burden to you , except these necessary things , to abstain from things sacrificed to idols , and from blood , and from things strangled , and from fornication . If you carefully keep yourselves from these things , you will prosper . '' ( Acts 15 : 27 -- 28 ) And this Apostolic Decree was considered binding on all the other local Christian congregations in other regions . See also Biblical law directed at non-Jews , Seven Laws of Noah , Biblical law in Christianity , and the Ten Commandments in Christianity . </P> <P> The writer of Acts gives an account of a restatement by James and the elders in Jerusalem of the contents of the letter on the occasion of Paul 's final Jerusalem visit , immediately prior to Paul 's arrest at the temple , recounting : `` When we had come to Jerusalem , the brothers received us gladly . On the following day Paul went in with us to James , and all the elders were present . '' ( Acts 21 : 17 -- 18 , ESV ) The elders then proceed to notify Paul of what seems to have been a common concern among Jewish believers , that he was teaching Diaspora Jewish converts to Christianity `` to forsake Moses , telling them not to circumcise their children or walk according to our customs . '' They remind the assembly that , `` as for the Gentiles who have believed , we have sent a letter with our judgment that they should abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols , and from blood , and from what has been strangled , and from sexual immorality '' . In the view of some scholars , the reminder of James and the elders here is an expression of concern that Paul was not fully teaching the decision of the Jerusalem Council 's letter to Gentiles , particularly in regard to non-strangled kosher meat , which contrasts with Paul 's advice to Gentiles in Corinth , to `` eat whatever is sold in the meat markets '' ( 1 Corinthians 10 : 25 ) . </P> <H2> Historicity ( edit ) </H2> See also : Historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles <P> The description of the Apostolic Council in Acts 15 , generally considered the same event described in Galatians 2 , is considered by some scholars to be contradictory to the Galatians account . The historicity of Luke 's account has been challenged , and was rejected completely by some scholars in the mid to late 20th century . However , more recent scholarship inclines towards treating the Jerusalem Council and its rulings as a historical event , though this is sometimes expressed with caution . Bruce Metzger 's Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament includes a summary of current research on the topic as of about 1994 : </P> <P> In conclusion , therefore , it appears that the least unsatisfactory solution of the complicated textual and exegetical problems of the Apostolic Decree is to regard the fourfold decree as original ( foods offered to idols , strangled meat , eating blood , and unchastity -- whether ritual or moral ) , and to explain the two forms of the threefold decree in some such way as those suggested above . An extensive literature exists on the text and exegesis of the Apostolic Decree ... According to Jacques Dupont , `` Present day scholarship is practically unanimous in considering the ' Eastern ' text of the decree as the only authentic text ( in four items ) and in interpreting its prescriptions in a sense not ethical but ritual '' ( Les problèmes du Livre des Actes d'après les travaux récents ( Louvain , 1950 ) , p. 70 ) . </P> <H2> Interpreting the Council 's decision ( edit ) </H2> See also : Paul the Apostle and Judaism and Early Christianity <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jewish Christianity </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Figures </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jesus </Li> <Li> John the Baptist </Li> <Li> Simon Peter </Li> <Li> Twelve Apostles </Li> <Li> James , brother of Jesus </Li> <Li> Simeon of Jerusalem </Li> <Li> Jude </Li> <Li> Paul </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ancient groups </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ebionites </Li> <Li> Elcesaites

The apostle who spoke at the Council of Jerusalem was

Which apostle spoke at the council of jerusalem?

7775645844703785477

Will Friedle - wikipedia <H1> Will Friedle </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Will Friedle </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> William Alan Friedle ( 1976 - 08 - 11 ) August 11 , 1976 ( age 41 ) Hartford , Connecticut , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor , voice actor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1988 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Susan Martens ( m . 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> William Alan `` Will '' Friedle ( born August 11 , 1976 ) is an American actor and voice actor . He is best known for his comedic roles , most notably the underachieving elder brother Eric Matthews on the long - running TV sitcom Boy Meets World from 1993 to 2000 . More recently , he has voiced a number of animated characters such as Terry McGinnis / Batman , the title character of Batman Beyond , and Ron Stoppable of Kim Possible . He voices Deadpool in Ultimate Spider - Man and Star - Lord in the animated version of Guardians of the Galaxy , replacing Chris Cox . He also performed the voices of Doyle in The Secret Saturdays , Lion - O in the rebooted ThunderCats series , and Blue Beetle on Batman : The Brave and the Bold . One of his most recent roles has been the speaking voice of Bumblebee in the final episode of Transformers : Prime and the movie Transformers Prime Beast Hunters : Predacons Rising and in the sequel series Transformers : Robots in Disguise , as well as in Transformers : Rescue Bots . </P> <P> In December 2013 , it was announced that Friedle would reprise his Boy Meets World role of Eric Matthews on the continuation series Girl Meets World . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Friedle was born in Hartford , Connecticut , the son of Patricia Joan ( née Leary ) and Gary Allen Friedle , both lawyers . After committing himself to becoming an actor , Friedle continually commuted from Avon , Connecticut to New York City for auditions . He attended Avon High School in 1994 . </P> <P> Friedle attended Occidental College . In the July 4 , 2006 issue of People , Friedle mentioned he had thought about attending culinary school . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> After co-hosting Nickelodeon 's Do n't Just Sit There for three seasons ( 1988 -- 1991 ) , Friedle was cast as Cory Matthews ' likeable but underachieving elder brother Eric on the long - running TV sitcom Boy Meets World from 1993 to 2000 . </P> <P> In 2004 , he co-starred with Chris Owen in the independent film National Lampoon 's Gold Diggers ( originally titled Lady Killers ) . He also appeared in a supporting role in the 2005 ABC Family movie Everything You Want . Friedle was cast as Mike in the WB sitcom Off Centre , but could not accept the role because of a previous commitment to the UPN series The Random Years . The role ended up going to Eddie Kaye Thomas . </P> <P> Friedle voiced Seifer Almasy in the English version of the video game Kingdom Hearts II , Gideon Wyeth in the English version of the video game Advent Rising , and Jaster Rogue in the English version of the video game Rogue Galaxy . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1997 , Friedle dated American actress Jennifer Love Hewitt , and co-starred with her in the romantic teen comedy Trojan War . Hewitt made a guest appearance as Jennifer Love `` Feffy '' Fefferman on Boy Meets World episode `` And Then There Was Shawn '' . </P> <P> Friedle is best friends with actor Jason Marsden and was the best man at Marsden 's wedding in October 2004 . The two have also worked together in numerous productions : Boy Meets World , Trojan War , Static Shock , Kim Possible , Batman Beyond , Justice League Unlimited , Batman : The Brave and the Bold , ThunderCats and Mad . </P> <P> He married his girlfriend , Susan Martens , on September 25 , 2016 in Connecticut . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Film </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Trojan War </Td> <Td> Brad Kimble </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Batman Beyond : Return of the Joker </Td> <Td> Terry McGinnis / Batman </Td> <Td> Voice role Direct - to - DVD release </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> National Lampoon 's Gold Diggers </Td> <Td> Calvin Menhoffer </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Greatest Short Film Ever ! ! ! </Td> <Td> Mark </Td> <Td> Short film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Howl 's Moving Castle </Td> <Td> Additional voices </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Everything You Want </Td> <Td> Calvin Dillwaller </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Batman : Gotham Knight </Td> <Td> Anton , Cultist , Youth # 1 </Td> <Td> Voice role Direct - to - DVD release </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Batman Unlimited : Animal Instincts </Td> <Td> Nightwing / Dick Grayson </Td> <Td> Voice role Direct - to - DVD release </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Batman Unlimited : Monster Mayhem </Td> <Td> Nightwing / Dick Grayson </Td> <Td> Voice role Direct - to - DVD release </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Lego DC Comics Super Heroes : Justice League : Gotham City Breakout </Td> <Td> Nightwing / Dick Grayson </Td> <Td> Voice role Direct - to - DVD release </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Batman Unlimited : Mech vs. Mutants </Td> <Td> Nightwing / Dick Grayson </Td> <Td> Voice role Direct - to - DVD release </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Television </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Do n't Just Sit There </Td> <Td> Host </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Law & Order </Td> <Td> Russ </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Trust '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 -- 2000 </Td> <Td> Boy Meets World </Td> <Td> Eric Matthews </Td> <Td> Series regular ( 157 episodes ) Young Artist Award ( nominated ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Gift of Love </Td> <Td> Luke </Td> <Td> CBS television movie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Are You Afraid of the Dark ? </Td> <Td> Jimmy Armstrong </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Tale of the Long Ago Locket '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ABC Afterschool Special </Td> <Td> Jason Gallagher </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Educating Mom '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> My Date with the President 's Daughter </Td> <Td> Duncan Fletcher </Td> <Td> Disney Channel television movie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> Zoe , Duncan , Jack and Jane </Td> <Td> Jeremy Pinter </Td> <Td> Episode : `` A Good Man is Hard to Find '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> H-E Double Hockey Sticks </Td> <Td> Griffelkin </Td> <Td> ABC television movie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Odd Man Out </Td> <Td> Phillip Evans </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Punch Line '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 -- 2001 </Td> <Td> Batman Beyond </Td> <Td> Terry McGinnis / Batman , additional voices </Td> <Td> Voice role 48 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Zeta Project </Td> <Td> Terry McGinnis / Batman </Td> <Td> Voice role Episode : `` Shadows '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3rd Rock from the Sun </Td> <Td> Stan </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Dick Soup for the Soul '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Go Fish </Td> <Td> Pete Troutner </Td> <Td> Series regular </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> All That </Td> <Td> Himself </Td> <Td> Season 7 , episode 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> The Random Years </Td> <Td> Alex </Td> <Td> Series regular </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 -- 2007 </Td> <Td> Kim Possible </Td> <Td> Ron Stoppable </Td> <Td> Series regular Voice role 87 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Jack 's House </Td> <Td> Jack </Td> <Td> Unsold television pilot </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Regular Joe </Td> <Td> Larry </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Time and Punishment '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kim Possible : A Sitch in Time </Td> <Td> Ron Stoppable </Td> <Td> Voice role Disney Channel television movie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 -- 2005 </Td> <Td> Lilo & Stitch : The Series </Td> <Td> Mackey Macaw Manager , Ron Stoppable </Td> <Td> Voice roles Episode : `` Phantasmo '' Episode : `` Rufus '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Static Shock </Td> <Td> Terry McGinnis / Batman , Pilot </Td> <Td> Voice role Episode : `` Future Shock '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Teen Titans </Td> <Td> Fang , Frozen Promgoer </Td> <Td> Voice role Episode : `` Date with Destiny '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Less Than Perfect </Td> <Td> Caleb </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Claude Want to Know '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2004 -- 2005 </Td> <Td> Justice League Unlimited </Td> <Td> Kyle Rayner / Green Lantern , Terry McGinnis / Batman II , Redcoat # 3 </Td> <Td> Voice roles Episode : `` The Return '' Episode : `` The Once and Future Thing , Part 2 : Time Warped '' Episode : `` Epilogue '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Kim Possible Movie : So the Drama </Td> <Td> Ron Stoppable </Td> <Td> Voice role Disney Channel television movie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Everything You Want </Td> <Td> Calvin Dillwaller </Td> <Td> ABC Family television movie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Batman </Td> <Td> Gearhead </Td> <Td> Voice role Episode : `` RPM '' Credited as Will Friedel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> American Dragon : Jake Long </Td> <Td> Cousin Greggy </Td> <Td> Voice role Episode : `` Feeding Frenzy '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Ben 10 : Alien Force </Td> <Td> Ken Tennyson </Td> <Td> Voice role Episode : `` Max Out '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Secret Saturdays </Td> <Td> Doyle Blackwell </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> TMNT : Back to the Sewer </Td> <Td> Splinter </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Turtles Forever </Td> <Td> Miyamoto Usagi , additional voices </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 -- 2011 </Td> <Td> Batman : The Brave and the Bold </Td> <Td> Jaime Reyes / Blue Beetle </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2010 -- 2011 </Td> <Td> The Penguins of Madagascar </Td> <Td> Randy the Sheep </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sym - Bionic Titan </Td> <Td> Bryan , Jason , Student # 1 </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 -- 2012 </Td> <Td> Thundercats </Td> <Td> Lion - O / Leo </Td> <Td> Voice role Writer ( 2 episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Mad </Td> <Td> Lion - LOL , Captain America , Owen Lars </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> Winx Club </Td> <Td> Nereus </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Gravity Falls </Td> <Td> Reginald </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Green Lantern : The Animated Series </Td> <Td> Ragnar </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 -- 2016 </Td> <Td> Ultimate Spider - Man </Td> <Td> Wade Wilson / Deadpool Web - Beard </Td> <Td> Voice role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Transformers Prime : Beast Hunters </Td> <Td> Bumblebee

The actor who plays Eric on Boy Meets World is

Actor who plays eric on boy meets world?

-3738762685792121994

Pictures . </P> <P> By 2001 , the rise of sustained competitors to Disney in the feature animated film market , such as DreamWorks Animation ( ironically , founded by former Disney executive Jeffrey Katzenberg ) , created an increase of film releases of significant annual number enough for AMPAS to reconsider . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given out at the 74th Academy Awards , held on March 24 , 2002 . The Academy included a rule that stated that the award would not be presented in a year in which fewer than eight eligible films opened in theaters . </P> <P> People in the animation industry and fans expressed hope that the prestige from this award and the resulting boost to the box office would encourage the increased production of animated features . Some members and fans have criticized the award , however , saying it is only intended to prevent animated films from having a chance of winning Best Picture . DreamWorks had advertised heavily during the holiday 2001 season for Shrek , but was disappointed when the rumored Best Picture nomination did not materialize , though it was nominated for and ended up winning the inaugural Best Animated Feature award. . the Shrek franchise to date is most succsfull franchise with one win and three nomtied . </P> <P> The criticism of Best Animated Feature was particularly prominent at the 81st Academy Awards , in which WALL - E won the award but was not nominated for Best Picture , despite receiving widespread acclaim from critics and audiences and being generally considered one of the best films of 2008 . This led to controversy over whether the film was deliberately snubbed of the nomination by the Academy . Film critic Peter Travers commented that `` If there was ever a time where an animated feature deserved to be nominated for Best Picture , it 's WALL - E . '' However , official Academy Award regulations state that any movie nominated for this category can still be nominated for Best Picture . There have been complaints that the Best Animated Feature award is held in unfairly low regard by Academy members with many members refusing to vote for films they consider mere children 's fare beneath them , or letting their own children see the films and go with their opinions instead . The dominance of Disney and Pixar allegedly as a result of this bias is suggested to be injuring the credibility of the award . </P> <P> In 2009 , when the nominee slots for Best Picture were doubled to ten , Up was nominated for both Best Animated Feature and Best Picture at the 82nd Academy Awards , the first film to do so since the creation of the Animated Feature category . This feat was repeated the following year by Toy Story 3 . Since 2010 onward , with the increasing competitiveness of the Animated Feature category , Pixar ( a perennial nominee ) did not receive nominations for several recent films considering the studio has released films of more mixed critical reaction and box office earnings , while Pixar 's sister studio Disney Animation won their first three awards . </P> <P> In 2010 , the Academy enacted a new rule regarding the performance capture technique employed in films such as Disney 's A Christmas Carol from Robert Zemeckis and The Adventures of Tintin from Steven Spielberg , and how they might not be eligible in this category in the future . This rule was possibly made to prevent nominations of live - action films that rely heavily on motion capture , such as James Cameron 's Avatar . </P> <P> When the category was first instated , the nomination went to the person ( s ) most involved in creating the winning film . This could be the producer , the director , or both . For the 76th Academy Awards in 2004 , only the director ( s ) of the film received the nomination . For the 86th Academy Awards ten years later , this was amended to include one producer and up to two directors . </P> <H2> Winners and nominations ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 2000s ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Nominees </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 ( 74th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shrek </Td> <Td> Aron Warner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jimmy Neutron : Boy Genius </Td> <Td> Steve Oedekerk and John A. Davis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Monsters , Inc . </Td> <Td> Pete Docter and John Lasseter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 ( 75th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spirited Away </Td> <Td> Hayao Miyazaki </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ice Age </Td> <Td> Chris Wedge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lilo & Stitch </Td> <Td> Chris Sanders </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spirit : Stallion of the Cimarron </Td> <Td> Jeffrey Katzenberg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Treasure Planet </Td> <Td> Ron Clements </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 ( 76th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Finding Nemo </Td> <Td> Andrew Stanton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brother Bear </Td> <Td> Aaron Blaise and Robert Walker </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Triplets of Belleville </Td> <Td> Sylvain Chomet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 77th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Incredibles </Td> <Td> Brad Bird </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shark Tale </Td> <Td> Bill Damaschke </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shrek 2 </Td> <Td> Andrew Adamson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 ( 78th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were - Rabbit </Td> <Td> Nick Park and Steve Box </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Howl 's Moving Castle </Td> <Td> Hayao Miyazaki </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corpse Bride </Td> <Td> Mike Johnson and Tim Burton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 ( 79th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Happy Feet </Td> <Td> George Miller </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cars </Td> <Td> John Lasseter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Monster House </Td> <Td> Gil Kenan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 ( 80th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ratatouille </Td> <Td> Brad Bird </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Persepolis </Td> <Td> Marjane Satrapi and Vincent Paronnaud </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surf 's Up </Td> <Td> Ash Brannon and Chris Buck </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 ( 81st ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> WALL - E </Td> <Td> Andrew Stanton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bolt </Td> <Td> Chris Williams and Byron Howard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kung Fu Panda </Td> <Td> John Stevenson and Mark Osborne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 ( 82nd ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Up </Td> <Td> Pete Docter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coraline </Td> <Td> Henry Selick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fantastic Mr. Fox </Td> <Td> Wes Anderson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Princess and the Frog </Td> <Td> John Musker and Ron Clements </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Secret of Kells </Td> <Td> Tomm Moore </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> 2010s ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Nominees </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 83rd ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Toy Story 3 </Td> <Td> Lee Unkrich </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> How to Train Your Dragon </Td> <Td> Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Illusionist </Td> <Td> Sylvain Chomet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 ( 84th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rango </Td> <Td> Gore Verbinski </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> A Cat in Paris </Td> <Td> Alain Gagnol and Jean - Loup Felicioli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chico & Rita </Td> <Td> Fernando Trueba and Javier Mariscal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kung Fu Panda 2 </Td> <Td> Jennifer Yuh Nelson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Puss in Boots </Td> <Td> Chris Miller </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 ( 85th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brave </Td> <Td> Mark Andrews and Brenda Chapman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Frankenweenie </Td> <Td> Tim Burton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ParaNorman </Td> <Td> Sam Fell and Chris Butler </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Pirates ! Band of Misfits </Td> <Td> Peter Lord </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wreck - It Ralph </Td> <Td> Rich Moore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 ( 86th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Frozen </Td> <Td> Chris Buck , Jennifer Lee , and Peter Del Vecho </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Croods </Td> <Td> Chris Sanders , Kirk DeMicco , and Kristine Belson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Despicable Me 2 </Td> <Td> Pierre Coffin , Chris Renaud , and Chris Meledandri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ernest & Celestine </Td> <Td> Benjamin Renner and Didier Brunner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Wind Rises </Td> <Td> Hayao Miyazaki and Toshio Suzuki </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 ( 87th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Hero 6 </Td> <Td> Don Hall , Chris Williams , and Roy Conli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Boxtrolls </Td> <Td> Anthony Stacchi , Graham Annable , and Travis Knight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> How to Train Your Dragon 2 </Td> <Td> Dean DeBlois and Bonnie Arnold </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Song of the Sea </Td> <Td> Tomm Moore and Paul Young </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Tale of the Princess Kaguya </Td> <Td> Isao Takahata and Yoshiaki Nishimura </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 ( 88th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Inside Out </Td> <Td> Pete Docter and Jonas Rivera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anomalisa </Td> <Td> Charlie Kaufman , Duke Johnson , and Rosa Tran </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boy and the World </Td> <Td> Alê Abreu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shaun the Sheep Movie </Td> <Td> Mark Burton and Richard Starzak </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> When Marnie Was There </Td> <Td> Hiromasa Yonebayashi and Yoshiaki Nishimura </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 ( 89th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zootopia </Td> <Td> Byron Howard , Rich Moore , and Clark Spencer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kubo and the Two Strings </Td> <Td> Travis Knight and Arianne Sutner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moana </Td> <Td> John Musker , Ron Clements , and Osnat Shurer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> My Life as a Zucchini </Td> <Td> Claude Barras and Max Karli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Red Turtle </Td> <Td> Michaël Dudok de Wit and Toshio Suzuki </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 ( 90th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Boss Baby </Td> <Td> Tom McGrath and Ramsey Ann Naito </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Breadwinner </Td> <Td> Nora Twomey and Anthony Leo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coco </Td> <Td> Lee Unkrich and Darla K. Anderson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ferdinand </Td> <Td> Carlos Saldanha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Loving Vincent </Td> <Td> Dorota Kobiela , Hugh Welchman , and Ivan Mactaggart </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Multiple wins ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> 2 wins </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Brad Bird </Li> <Li> Pete Docter </Li> <Li> Andrew Stanton </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> 1 win </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Chris Buck </Li> <Li> Byron Howard </Li> <Li> Hayao Miyazaki </Li> <Li> Rich Moore </Li> <Li> Lee Unkrich </Li> <Li> Chris Williams </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <H3> Multiple nominations ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> 3 nominations </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Ron Clements </Li> <Li> Pete Docter </Li> <Li> Hayao Miyazaki </Li> <Li> Chris Sanders </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> 2 nominations </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Brad Bird </Li> <Li> Chris Buck </Li> <Li> Tim Burton </Li> <Li> Sylvain Chomet </Li> <Li> Dean DeBlois </Li> <Li> Byron Howard </Li> <Li> Travis Knight </Li> <Li> John Lasseter </Li> <Li> Rich Moore </Li> <Li> Tomm Moore </Li> <Li> John Musker </Li> <Li> Yoshiaki Nishimura </Li> <Li> Andrew Stanton </Li> <Li> Toshio Suzuki </Li> <Li> Lee Unkrich </Li> <Li> Chris Williams </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Studio breakdown ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Th> Wins </Th> <Th> Nominations </Th> <Th> Films </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pixar </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Monsters , Inc. , Finding Nemo , The Incredibles , Cars , Ratatouille , WALL - E , Up , Toy Story 3 , Brave , Inside Out , Coco </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Disney </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Lilo & Stitch , Treasure Planet , Brother Bear , Bolt

The film that won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature in 2007 was

Which film won the oscar for best animated feature in 2007?

5350383719875421584

The Dukes of Hazzard ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> The Dukes of Hazzard ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Dukes of Hazzard </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Jay Chandrasekhar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Bill Gerber </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> John O'Brien </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Story by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John O'Brien </Li> <Li> Jonathan L. Davis </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Characters by Gy Waldron </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Johnny Knoxville </Li> <Li> Seann William Scott </Li> <Li> Jessica Simpson </Li> <Li> Burt Reynolds </Li> <Li> Willie Nelson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Narrated by </Th> <Td> Junior Brown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Nathan Barr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Lawrence Sher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lee Haxall </Li> <Li> Myron I. Kerstein </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Village Roadshow Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> August 5 , 2005 ( 2005 - 08 - 05 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 104 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $50 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $111.1 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Dukes of Hazzard is a 2005 American buddy comedy road film based on the television series , The Dukes of Hazzard . The film was directed by Jay Chandrasekhar and released on August 5 , 2005 , by Warner Bros. Pictures . As in the television series , the film depicts the adventures of cousins Bo , Luke , and Daisy , and their Uncle Jesse , as they outfox crooked Hazzard County Commissioner Boss Hogg and Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane . </P> <P> The film was the acting debut of pop singer Jessica Simpson . While financially successful , the film met with negative reviews from critics . The film was followed by a direct - to - video prequel titled The Dukes of Hazzard : The Beginning ( 2007 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Cameos </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Stunts </Li> <Li> 3.2 Locations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 4.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 4.3 Awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Controversy </Li> <Li> 6 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 7 Unrated Cut </Li> <Li> 8 Prequel </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Cousins Bo ( Seann William Scott ) , Luke ( Johnny Knoxville ) , and Daisy Duke ( Jessica Simpson ) run a moonshine business for their Uncle Jesse ( Willie Nelson ) in Hazzard County , Georgia . The cousins ' primary mode of transportation is an orange 1969 Dodge Charger that the boys affectionately refer to as the `` General Lee '' . Along the way , the family is tormented by corrupt Hazzard County Commissioner Jefferson Davis Hogg , widely known as `` Boss Hogg '' ( Burt Reynolds ) , and his willing but dimwitted henchman , Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane ( M.C. Gainey ) . </P> <P> After Rosco has the General Lee impounded after Bo and Luke 's attempt to run away from a daughter of one their many moonshine customers , Billy Prickett ( James Roday ) , a famous stock - car driver , enters Hazzard to participate in the rally . Meanwhile , Rosco plants a fake moonshine still ( `` ' cause he 's too dumb to find the real one '' ) in Uncle Jesse 's barn and seizes the Duke property in the interest of eminent domain for Boss Hogg , forcing the family to temporarily reside with neighbor and Uncle Jesse 's love - interest , Pauline ( Lynda Carter ) . Pauline informs the Dukes that Rosco seized another farm on charges , so Bo and Luke investigate a local construction site and find geologic core samples with the help of bait - shop owner Sheev ( Kevin Heffernan ) . Meanwhile , Coltrane makes arrangements to seize the General Lee as `` evidence '' from the local auto body shop run by the Dukes ' friend Cooter Davenport ( David Koechner ) , who instead turns the car into a hot rod and applies a new paint job and horn , in return for finally getting payment for all the work he has done ( `` ... ' cause that 's how this works ... '' ) for the boys in the past . </P> Sheriff 's car at location in Thousand Oaks , California <P> After retrieving the General Lee before Rosco can , the Dukes go to Atlanta to visit a local university geology lab , meeting with Katie - Lynn Johnson ( Nikki Griffin ) , a Hazzard county girl and the Dukes ' love interest , and her Australian roommate Annette ( Jacqui Maxwell ) . At the lab , they discover Boss Hogg 's intentions of turning the county into a strip coal mine . They are later arrested by Atlanta Police after running from campus police . Back in Hazzard , Daisy learns , with the help of Sheriff 's Deputy Enos Strate ( Michael Weston ) , that Billy Prickett has been hired by Boss Hogg to participate in the rally as a ringer . Boss Hogg then heads to Atlanta , where he informs the Duke boys , in lock - up , that they are too late to stop him and reveals that the vote on Hogg 's proposition is at the same time as the rally , explaining Billy Prickett 's involvement . During a transfer from detainment , Daisy helps the boys escape from the patrol car , and they speed home to try to inform the townsfolk , escaping Atlanta Police , and the Georgia State Patrol after Bo outmaneuvers the city cops . </P> <P> Upon returning home , the Dukes discover that Boss Hogg and Rosco had taken Uncle Jesse and Pauline hostage , an obvious trap for the boys , and that Billy is in on the scheme because he is ashamed of the town 's low status . The two race to the farmhouse to cause a distraction to the waiting Hazzard County sheriff 's deputies and Georgia state troopers , while Daisy and Cooter rescue Jesse and Pauline . Meanwhile , the college girls head to the rally with Sheev to inform the townsfolk about the vote on the strip - mining ordinance . Because of Sheev 's armadillo hat and lack of pants , no one listens , so Bo leaves for the rally while Luke and Jesse team up to foil the county and state police who are chasing Bo , interfering with the race . Upon crossing the finish line first , before Billy , the two continue racing back and forth all the way into town , leading the townsfolk to the courthouse just in time to vote against Boss Hogg 's proposed ordinance . At the courthouse , Daisy takes advantage of the governor of Georgia 's presence and TV cameras to convince him to pardoning the boys , so Uncle Jesse takes the opportunity to knock out Boss Hogg and gets a pardon for assaulting a county commissioner at the same time . </P> <P> The final scene shows a cook - out at the Dukes ' house where Pauline convinces Uncle Jesse , who could not be found because he was `` using the meat smoker '' , to get up and play the television series ' main theme . Bo and Luke are romantically involved with the girls in the General Lee when they are caught by Luke 's other love - interest Laurie Pullman ( Alice Greczyn ) from the introduction of the film , who proceeds to chase them with a shotgun as they drive away . </P> <P> During the credits , outtakes from the production of the film are shown . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Knoxville and Scott at the premiere <Ul> <Li> Johnny Knoxville as Luke Duke </Li> <Li> Seann William Scott as Bo Duke </Li> <Li> Jessica Simpson as Daisy Duke </Li> <Li> Burt Reynolds as Boss Hogg </Li> <Li> Willie Nelson as Uncle Jesse Duke </Li> <Li> David Koechner as Cooter Davenport </Li> <Li> M.C. Gainey as Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane </Li> <Li> Michael Weston as Deputy Enos Strate </Li> <Li> Lynda Carter as Pauline </Li> <Li> James Roday as Billy Prickett </Li> <Li> Kevin Heffernan as Derek `` Sheev '' Sheevington </Li> <Li> Nikki Griffin as Katie - Lynn Johnson </Li> <Li> Jacqui Maxwell as Annette </Li> <Li> Alice Greczyn as Laurie Pullman </Li> <Li> Junior Brown as The Balladeer ( narrator ) </Li> <Li> Joe Don Baker as Governor Jim Applewhite </Li> <Li> Barry Corbin as Bill Pullman </Li> <Li> Andrew Prine as Angry Man </Li> <Li> Randy Orton as Bo Duke ( Stunt double ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Cameos ( edit ) </H3> <P> All five members of the comedy film troupe Broken Lizard make appearances in the film , classified as cameos , except for Kevin Heffernan , who had a larger speaking role ( Sheev ) . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Broken Lizard cameos </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Steve Lemme appears as Jimmy Pullman , the son of Bill Pullman , in an early car chase scene in which he accidentally shoots the inside of his father 's truck . </Li> <Li> Jay Chandrasekhar and Erik Stolhanske reprise their roles as Ramathorn and Rabbit from the Broken Lizard comedy , Super Troopers . The characters are now campus security officers , who give a warning to the Duke boys for driving too slowly . </Li> <Li> Paul Soter appears as TV newsman Rick Shakely , who is reporting from the Hazzard Road Rally . </Li> <Li> Charlie Finn , who played a dimwitted fast - food employee in Super Troopers , appears as a dimwitted geology student who assists the Duke boys with the coal samples . </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Other notable cameos </Dt> <Dd> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> During the bar - fight scene , Indy - car driver A.J. Foyt IV appears as himself . </Li> <Li> Bloopers roll under the ending credits , one of which features Rip Taylor interrupting the bedroom scene with Luke and the two college girls . Taylor had previously appeared with Knoxville in Jackass : The Movie . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Stunts ( edit ) </H3> <P> Knoxville said he was initially reluctant to take on the role , but was persuaded by script changes and the presence of Dan Bradley as stunt coordinator and second unit for the car chase scenes . Knoxville praised him , saying , `` everyone in Hollywood wants Dan Bradley to shoot their car stuff '' . </P> <H3> Locations ( edit ) </H3> <P> The majority of the film was shot in and around Clinton , Louisiana . The street scenes are set in Atlanta , but filmed in the New Orleans Central Business District , and the university scenes were shot on the campus of Louisiana State University . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film was number one at the box office its opening weekend and grossed $30.7 million on 3,785 screens . It also had an adjusted - dollar rank of number 24 all - time for August releases . The film eventually collected $111 million worldwide , although it was

In the new Dukes of Hazzard, the role of Daisy Duke was played by

Who played daisy duke in the new dukes of hazzard?

2899508417890381443

Prime Ministerial car </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Official aircraft </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Acting and interim Prime Ministers ( edit ) </H2> <P> From time to time Prime Ministers are required to leave the country on government business and a deputy acts in their place during that time . In the days before jet aircraft , such absences could be for extended periods . For example , William Watt was acting prime Minister for 16 months , from April 1918 until August 1919 , when Prime Minister Billy Hughes was away at the Paris Peace Conference , and Senator George Pearce was acting Prime Minister for more than seven months in 1916 . An acting Prime Minister is also appointed when the prime minister takes leave . The Deputy Prime Minister most commonly becomes acting Prime Minister in those circumstances . </P> <P> Three Prime Ministers have died in office -- Joseph Lyons ( 1939 ) , John Curtin ( 1945 ) and Harold Holt ( 1967 ) -- and Robert Menzies resigned as Prime Minister in 1941 . In each of these cases the Deputy Prime Minister ( an unofficial office at the time ) became an interim Prime Minister , pending an election of a new leader of the government party . In none of these cases was the interim Prime Minister successful at the subsequent election . </P> <H2> Former Prime Ministers ( edit ) </H2> <P> As of April 2018 , there are six living former Australian Prime Ministers . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Bob Hawke In office : 1983 -- 1991 Age : 88 </Td> <Td> Paul Keating In office : 1991 -- 1996 Age : 74 </Td> <Td> John Howard In office : 1996 -- 2007 Age : 78 </Td> <Td> Kevin Rudd In office : 2007 -- 2010 ; 13 Age : 60 </Td> <Td> Julia Gillard In office : 2010 -- 2013 Age : 56 </Td> <Td> Tony Abbott , In office : 2013 -- 2015 Age : 60 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The greatest number of living former Prime Ministers at any one time was eight . This has occurred twice : </P> <Ul> <Li> Between 7 October 1941 ( when John Curtin succeeded Arthur Fadden ) and 18 November 1941 ( when Chris Watson died ) , the eight living former Prime Ministers were Bruce , Cook , Fadden , Hughes , Menzies , Page , Scullin and Watson . </Li> <Li> Between 13 July 1945 ( when Ben Chifley succeeded Frank Forde ) and 30 July 1947 ( when Sir Joseph Cook died ) , the eight living former Prime Ministers were Bruce , Cook , Fadden , Forde , Hughes , Menzies , Page and Scullin . </Li> </Ul> <P> Of the other Prime Ministers , Ben Chifley died only one year and six months after leaving the Prime Ministership and Alfred Deakin lived another nine years and five months . </P> <P> All the others who have left office have lived at least another 10 years . Nine of them ( Bruce , Cook , Fadden , Forde , Fraser , Gorton , Hughes , Watson , and Whitlam ) lived more than 25 years after leaving the office , and all but one of them have survived longer than 30 years ( Hughes lived for 29 years and 8 months following service ) . Bob Hawke , who is , as of 2017 , still alive , has also lived 25 years beyond the end of his prime ministership . </P> <P> The longest - surviving was Gough Whitlam , who lived 38 years and 11 months after office , surpassing Stanley Bruce 's previous record of 37 years and 10 months after leaving the office . </P> <H2> Ages ( edit ) </H2> Four Australian prime ministers -- Forde , Curtin , Menzies , and Hughes -- at a meeting of the Advisory War Council in 1940 . <P> The three youngest people when they first became Prime Minister were : </P> <Ul> <Li> Chris Watson -- 37 </Li> <Li> Stanley Bruce -- 39 </Li> <Li> Robert Menzies -- 44 </Li> </Ul> <P> The three oldest people when they first became Prime Minister were : </P> <Ul> <Li> John McEwen -- 67 </Li> <Li> William McMahon -- 63 </Li> <Li> Malcolm Turnbull -- 60 </Li> </Ul> <P> The three youngest people to last leave the office of Prime Minister were : </P> <Ul> <Li> Chris Watson -- 37 </Li> <Li> Arthur Fadden -- 46 years 5 months 22 days </Li> <Li> Stanley Bruce -- 46 years 6 months 7 days </Li> </Ul> <P> The three oldest people to last leave the office of Prime Minister were : </P> <Ul> <Li> Robert Menzies -- 71 </Li> <Li> John Howard -- 68 </Li> <Li> John McEwen -- 67 </Li> </Ul> <H2> List and timeline ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of Prime Ministers of Australia <P> The longest - serving Prime Minister was Sir Robert Menzies , who served in office twice : from 26 April 1939 to 28 August 1941 , and again from 19 December 1949 to 26 January 1966 . In total Robert Menzies spent 18 years , 5 months and 12 days in office . He served under the United Australia Party and the Liberal Party respectively . </P> <P> The shortest - serving Prime Minister was Frank Forde , who was appointed to the position on 6 July 1945 after the death of John Curtin , and served until 13 July 1945 when Ben Chifley was elected leader of the Australian Labor Party . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Parties </Dt> </Dl> <P> Australian Labor Party Liberal Party of Australia Australian Country Party Nationalist Party of Australia United Australia Party Commonwealth Liberal Party National Labor Party Free Trade Party Protectionist Party </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Name ( birth -- death ) </Th> <Th> Portrait </Th> <Th> Party </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Term of office </Th> <Th> Electorate served </Th> <Th> Elections won </Th> <Th> Ministry </Th> <Th> Ref </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Sir Edmund Barton ( 1849 -- 1920 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Protectionist </Td> <Td> 1 January 1901 </Td> <Td> 24 September 1903 </Td> <Td> Hunter , NSW , 1901 -- 1903 ( resigned ) </Td> <Td> 1901 </Td> <Td> Barton </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Alfred Deakin ( 1856 -- 1919 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Protectionist </Td> <Td> 24 September 1903 </Td> <Td> 27 April 1904 </Td> <Td> Ballaarat , Vic , 1901 -- 1913 ( retired ) </Td> <Td> 1903 </Td> <Td> 1st Deakin </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Chris Watson ( 1867 -- 1941 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Labour </Td> <Td> 27 April 1904 </Td> <Td> 18 August 1904 </Td> <Td> Bland , NSW , 1901 -- 1906 South Sydney , NSW , 1906 -- 1910 ( retired ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Watson </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> George Reid ( 1845 -- 1918 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Free Trade </Td> <Td> 18 August 1904 </Td> <Td> 5 July 1905 </Td> <Td> East Sydney , NSW , 1901 -- 1909 ( resigned ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Reid </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Alfred Deakin ( 1856 -- 1919 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Protectionist </Td> <Td> 5 July 1905 </Td> <Td> 13 November 1908 </Td> <Td> Ballaarat , Vic , 1901 -- 1913 ( retired ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2nd Deakin </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1906 </Td> <Td> 3rd Deakin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> Andrew Fisher ( 1862 -- 1928 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Labour </Td> <Td> 13 November 1908 </Td> <Td> 2 June 1909 </Td> <Td> Wide Bay , Qld , 1901 -- 1915 ( resigned ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1st Fisher </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Alfred Deakin ( 1856 -- 1919 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Commonwealth Liberal </Td> <Td> 2 June 1909 </Td> <Td> 29 April 1910 </Td> <Td> Ballaarat , Vic , 1901 -- 1913 ( retired ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 4th Deakin </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( 5 ) </Th> <Td> Andrew Fisher ( 1862 -- 1928 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Labor </Td> <Td> 29 April 1910 </Td> <Td> 24 June 1913 </Td> <Td> Wide Bay , Qld , 1901 -- 1915 ( resigned ) </Td> <Td> 1910 </Td> <Td> 2nd Fisher </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> Joseph Cook ( 1860 -- 1947 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Commonwealth Liberal </Td> <Td> 24 June 1913 </Td> <Td> 17 September 1914 </Td> <Td> Parramatta , NSW , 1901 -- 1921 ( resigned ) </Td> <Td> 1913 </Td> <Td> Cook </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( 5 ) </Th> <Td> Andrew Fisher ( 1862 -- 1928 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Labor </Td> <Td> 17 September 1914 </Td> <Td> 27 October 1915 </Td> <Td> Wide Bay , Qld , 1901 -- 1915 ( resigned ) </Td> <Td> 1914 </Td> <Td> 3rd Fisher </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Billy Hughes ( 1862 -- 1952 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Labor </Td> <Td> 27 October 1915 </Td> <Td> 14 November 1916 </Td> <Td> West Sydney , NSW , 1901 -- 1917 Bendigo , Vic , 1917 -- 1922 North Sydney , NSW , 1922 -- 1949 Bradfield , NSW , 1949 -- 1952 ( died ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1st Hughes </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> National Labor </Td> <Td> 14 November 1916 </Td> <Td> 17 February 1917 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 2nd Hughes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Nationalist </Td> <Td> 17 February 1917 </Td> <Td> 9 February 1923 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 3rd Hughes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1917 </Td> <Td> 4th Hughes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1919 </Td> <Td> 5th Hughes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> Stanley Bruce ( 1883 -- 1967 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Nationalist ( Coalition ) </Td> <Td> 9 February 1923 </Td> <Td> 22 October 1929 </Td> <Td> Flinders , Vic , 1918 -- 1929 ( defeated ) ; 1931 -- 1933 ( resigned ) </Td> <Td> 1922 </Td> <Td> 1st Bruce </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1925 </Td> <Td> 2nd Bruce </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> 3rd Bruce </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> James Scullin ( 1876 -- 1953 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Labor </Td> <Td> 22 October 1929 </Td> <Td> 6 January 1932 </Td> <Td> Corangamite , Vic , 1910 -- 1913 ( defeated ) Yarra , Vic , 1922 -- 1949 ( retired ) </Td> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> Scullin </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> Joseph Lyons ( 1879 -- 1939 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> United Australia ( Coalition ) </Td> <Td> 6 January 1932 </Td> <Td> 7 April 1939 † </Td> <Td> Wilmot , Tas , 1929 -- 1939 ( died ) </Td> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> 1st Lyons </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> 2nd Lyons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 3rd Lyons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 </Td> <Td> 4th Lyons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> Sir Earle Page ( 1880 -- 1961 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Country ( Coalition ) </Td> <Td> 7 April 1939 </Td> <Td> 26 April 1939 </Td> <Td> Cowper , NSW 1919 -- 1961 ( defeated ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Page </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> Robert Menzies ( 1894 -- 1978 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> United Australia ( Coalition ) </Td> <Td> 26 April 1939 </Td> <Td> 28 August 1941 </Td> <Td> Kooyong , Vic , 1934 -- 1966 ( resigned ) </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 1st Menzies </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2nd Menzies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> 3rd Menzies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> Arthur Fadden ( 1894 -- 1973 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Country ( Coalition ) </Td> <Td> 28

The first Australian Prime Minister, Sir Edmund Barton, was elected in

When was the first australian prime minister elected?

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Country Music Hall of Fame and museum - wikipedia <H1> Country Music Hall of Fame and museum </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Established </Th> <Td> 1961 ( 1961 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> 222 5th Ave S Nashville , Tennessee 37203 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Hall of fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Visitors </Th> <Td> 1.1 million in 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director </Th> <Td> Kyle Young </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.countrymusichalloffame.org </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville , Tennessee , is one of the world 's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American vernacular music . Chartered in 1964 , the museum has amassed one of the world 's most extensive musical collections . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of the museum </Li> <Li> 2 Current museum </Li> <Li> 3 The Country Music Hall of Fame </Li> <Li> 4 The Museum collection </Li> <Li> 5 Architecture and design </Li> <Li> 6 Timeline </Li> <Li> 7 Senior leadership </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of the museum ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is one of the world 's largest and most active popular music research centers and the world 's largest repository of country music artifacts . Early in the 1960s , as the Country Music Association 's campaign to publicize country music was accelerating , CMA leaders determined that a new organization was needed to operate a country music museum and to carry out research and education activities beyond CMA 's scope as a trade organization . Toward this end , the nonprofit Country Music Foundation ( CMF ) was chartered by the state of Tennessee in 1964 to collect , preserve , and publicize information and artifacts relating to the history of country music . Through CMF , industry leaders raised money to build the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum , which opened on April 1 , 1967 . Located at the head of Music Row , the museum was erected on the site of a small Nashville city park . At this point , artifacts began to be displayed and a small library was begun in a loft above one of the museum 's galleries . </P> <P> Early in the 1970s the basement of the museum building was partially complete , and library expansion began , embracing not only recordings but also books and periodicals , sheet music and songbooks , photographs , business documents , and other materials . At the outset , CMA staff had run the museum , but by 1972 the museum ( already governed by its own independent board of directors ) acquired its own small staff , which has steadily increased to over 150 full - time professionals . </P> <P> Building expansion took place in 1974 , 1977 , and 1984 to store and display the museum 's growing collection of costumes , films , historic cars , musical instruments , and other artifacts . An education department was created to conduct ongoing programs with Middle Tennessee schools , an oral history program was begun , and a publications department was launched to handle books , as well as the Journal of Country Music . </P> <H2> Current museum ( edit ) </H2> <P> To become more accessible , in May 2001 the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum moved to a new , 130,000 - square - foot ( 12,000 m ) facility in the heart of downtown Nashville 's arts and entertainment district . In 2014 , the museum unveiled a $100 million expansion , doubling its size to 350,000 square feet of galleries , archival storage , education classrooms , retail stores , and special event space . </P> <P> In the museum 's core exhibition , Sing Me Back Home : A Journey Through Country Music , visitors are immersed in the history and sounds of country music , its origins and traditions , and the stories and voices of many of its architects . The story is revealed through artifacts , photographs , and text panels , recorded sound , vintage video , and interactive touchscreens . Sing Me Back Home is enhanced by numerous , rotating limited - engagement exhibits . The new ACM Gallery and the Dinah and Fred Gretsch Family Gallery offer visitors a hands - on immersion into today 's country music with artifacts from today 's country stars and a series of technology - enhanced activities . </P> <P> In addition to the galleries , the museum has the 776 - seat CMA Theater , the Taylor Swift Education Center , and multi-purpose event rental spaces . Other historic properties of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum include the letterpress operation Hatch Show Print ( located inside the museum ) and Historic RCA Studio B ( located on Music Row ) , Nashville 's oldest surviving recording studio , where recordings by Elvis Presley , Dolly Parton , Waylon Jennings , and many others were made . </P> <P> The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum has developed multiple platforms to make its collection accessible to a wider audience . From weekly instrument demonstrations to its flagship songwriting program for schools , Words & Music , the museum offers an aggressive schedule of educational programs . The museum also operates CMF Records , a Grammy - winning re-issue label ( The Complete Hank Williams and Night Train to Nashville : Music City Rhythm & Blues , 1945 - 1970 ) ; and CMF Press , a book publishing arm that releases exhibit - related books in cooperation with Vanderbilt University Press and other major trade publishing houses . </P> <H2> The Country Music Hall of Fame ( edit ) </H2> <P> Membership in the Country Music Hall of Fame , the highest honor a country music professional can receive , is extended to performers , songwriters , broadcasters , musicians , and executives in recognition of their contributions to the development of country music . The Country Music Hall of Fame honor was created in 1961 by the Country Music Association ( CMA ) ; the first inductees were Hank Williams , Jimmie Rodgers , and Fred Rose . Roy Acuff , the first living artist to join the Hall of Fame , was elected in 1962 . The most recent inductees ( class of 2017 ) are Jerry Reed , Don Schlitz and Alan Jackson . </P> <P> Over the Hall of Fame 's history , the number of new members inducted each year has varied from one to twelve ( no nominee was inducted in 1963 , no candidate having received sufficient votes ) . The election procedure is as follows : A small CMA nominating committee drafts slates of candidates from each category ; categories have been defined variously over the years . Award recipients are determined through a two - stage balloting process ; the first round of voting narrows each category to five candidates ; the second round selects winners . The large select committee of electors that votes on Hall of Fame membership is composed of CMA members who have participated in the country music industry for at least ten years . New Hall of Fame members receive special recognition in ceremonies at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum . </P> <P> Bas - relief portraits cast in bronze honoring each Hall of Fame member were originally displayed at the Tennessee State Museum in downtown Nashville until the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum opened its own building in April 1967 ; in this barn - roofed facility at the head of Music Row , the bronze plaques comprised a special exhibit . Today the plaques are displayed in a seventy - foot - high rotunda at the museum 's enlarged downtown Nashville facility . </P> <H2> The museum collection ( edit ) </H2> <P> The museum 's archival and library storage , allows for the cultivation of the museum 's collection and includes more than 2.5 million artifacts . </P> <Ul> <Li> Nearly 200,000 sound recordings , including an estimated 98 % of all pre-World War II country recordings released commercially </Li> <Li> Approximately 500,000 photographs </Li> <Li> More than 30,000 moving images on film , video and digital formats , including Glen Campbell narrating the history of country music ; rare documentary footage of a father and son buck - dancing at the 1932 Old - time Fiddlers ' Convention in Star , North Carolina ; and archival footage featuring Hall of Fame members the Jordanaires , the Louvin Brothers , Patsy Montana , Webb Pierce , Marty Robbins , Jimmie Rodgers , and Carl Smith . </Li> <Li> Hundreds of historic musical instruments , featuring Mother Maybelle Carter 's Gibson L - 5 , Earl Scruggs 's banjo , Bob Wills 's fiddle , and Bill Monroe 's mandolin . </Li> <Li> Thousands of items of clothing worn by country artists , including Hank Snow 's `` Golden Rocket '' Nudie suit , Jim Reeves 's tuxedo jacket , Gram Parsons 's Nudie suit , Patsy Cline 's cocktail dress , Hank Williams 's Nudie suit , Johnny Cash 's black suit from The Johnny Cash Show , and the dress Carrie Underwood wore when she won American Idol . </Li> <Li> Oral histories , scrapbooks , correspondence , fan club newsletters , sheet music , periodicals and books . </Li> <Li> Iconic Vehicles : Elvis Presley 's 1960 `` Solid Gold '' Cadillac limousine , Webb Pierce 's 1962 Pontiac Bonneville convertible , and Jerry Reed 's 1980 Pontiac Trans Am from Smokey and the Bandit II . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Architecture and design ( edit ) </H2> <P> When viewed from the air , the building forms a massive bass clef . The point on the sweeping arch of the building suggests the tailfin of a 1959 Cadillac sedan . The building 's front windows resemble piano keys . The tower on top of the Rotunda that extends down the Hall of Fame is a replica of the distinctive diamond - shaped WSM radio tower , which was originally built in 1932 just south of Nashville and is still in operation . </P> <P> The Rotunda itself is replete with symbolic architectural elements . For example , the exterior of this cylindrical structure can be viewed variously as a drum kit , a rural water tower , or grain silo . The four disc tiers of the Rotunda 's roof evoke the evolution of recording technology -- the 78 , the vinyl LP , the 45 , and the CD . Stone bars on the Rotunda 's outside wall symbolize the notes of the Carter Family 's classic song `` Will the Circle Be Unbroken , '' while the title of the song rings the interior of the structure . The Hall of Fame member 's plaques housed within the Rotunda are reminiscent of notes on a musical staff . </P> <P> Solid , earthy materials native to the Mid-South -- wood , concrete , steel , and stone -- were used in the building 's construction as a reminder of the music 's strong roots in the lives of working Americans . Georgia yellow pine adorns the floors of the Conservatory and is also found in the Hall of Fame Rotunda the Ford Theater . Crab Orchard Stone from the East Tennessee mountains lend a homey , rustic touch to

The Country Music Hall of Fame is located in

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sold at least 600,000 card packs in a single year . Due to this success , in 1962 , Yamauchi took Nintendo public , listing the company in Osaka Stock Exchange Second division . </P> <P> Following the aforementioned success , in 1963 Nintendo Playing Card Co. , Ltd. was renamed to Nintendo by Yamauchi . Nintendo now began to experiment in other areas of business using the newly injected capital . During the period of time between 1963 and 1968 , Nintendo set up a taxi company , `` love hotel '' chain , food company ( trying to sell instant rice , similar to instant noodles ) and several other things ( including a vacuum cleaner , Chiritory , which later appeared as a two - player game in WarioWare , Inc. : Mega Microgame $ in 2003 ) . All these ventures eventually failed , except toymaking , where they had some earlier experience from selling playing cards . In 1964 , while Japan was experiencing an economic boom due to the Tokyo Olympics , the playing card business reached its saturation point . Japanese households stopped buying playing cards , and the price of Nintendo stock fell from 900 yen to 60 yen . </P> <P> In 1965 , Nintendo hired Gunpei Yokoi as a maintenance engineer for the assembly line . However , Yokoi soon became famous for much more than his ability to repair conveyor belts . </P> <H2> 1966 -- 1972 : toy company and new ventures ( edit ) </H2> <P> Nintendo struggled to survive in the Japanese toy industry ; it was still small at this point , and dominated by already well - established companies such as Bandai and Tomy . Because of the generally short product life cycle of toys , the company always had to come up with new products . This was the beginning of a major new era for Nintendo . </P> <P> In 1966 , Yamauchi was observing a hanafuda factory . He noticed an extending arm , which was made by one of their maintenance engineers , Gunpei Yokoi , for his own amusement . Yamauchi ordered Yokoi to develop it as a proper product for the Christmas rush . Released as the `` Ultra Hand '' , it would become one of Nintendo 's earliest toy blockbusters , selling over a million units . Seeing that Yokoi had promise , Yamauchi pulled him off assembly line work . Yokoi was soon moved from maintenance duty to product development . </P> <P> Due to his electrical engineering background , it soon become apparent that Yokoi was quite adept at developing electronic toys . These devices had a much higher novelty value than traditional toys , allowing Nintendo to charge a higher price margin for each product . Yokoi went on to develop many other toys , including the Ten Billion Barrel puzzle , a baseball throwing machine called the Ultra Machine , and a Love Tester . Another invention of his , in collaboration with Masayuki Uemura from Sharp , was the Nintendo Beam Gun Game , the precursor to the NES Zapper ( which was used in games like Duck Hunt . ) . </P> <P> Nintendo released the first solar - powered light gun , the Nintendo Beam Gun , in 1970 ; this was the first commercially available light - gun for home use , produced in partnership with Sharp . </P> <P> In 1972 , Nintendo released the Ele - Conga , one of the first programmable drum machines . It could play pre-programmed rhythms from disc - shaped punch cards , which could be altered or programmed by the user , to play different patterns . </P> <H2> 1972 -- present : electronic games ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1972 , the first commercially available video game console , the Magnavox Odyssey , had a light gun accessory , the Shooting Gallery . This was the first involvement of Nintendo in video games . According to Martin Picard in the International Journal of Computer Game Research : `` in 1971 , Nintendo had -- even before the marketing of the first home console in the United States -- an alliance with the American pioneer Magnavox to develop and produce optoelectronic guns for the Odyssey ( released in 1972 ) , since it was similar to what Nintendo was able to offer in the Japanese toy market in 1970s '' . </P> <P> In 1973 , its focus shifted to family entertainment venues with the Laser Clay Shooting System , using the same light gun technology used in Nintendo 's Kousenjuu series of toys , and set up in abandoned bowling alleys . Following some success , Nintendo developed several more light gun machines for the emerging arcade scene . While the Laser Clay Shooting System ranges had to be shut down following excessive costs , Nintendo had found a new market . </P> <P> In 1974 , Nintendo secured the rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey video game console in Japan . </P> <H3> Color TV - game 6 ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Color TV Game Nintendo 's first video game system , the Color TV Game 6 <P> Nintendo at this time saw how successful video games were and began to dabble in them . Their first step in that field was to secure the rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey in Japan in 1975 . At the time , home video game consoles were extremely rare -- even the seminal Atari Pong console had yet to be produced . After experiencing reasonable success at this , Nintendo began developing its own video games , both for home and for arcades . In the 1970s , Mitsubishi Electric proposed joint development of `` Color TV Game Machine '' . In 1977 , they released `` Color TV Game 6 '' and `` Color TV Game 15 '' ( 6 and 15 indicates the number of games ) . </P> <P> Their first video arcade game was 1975 's EVR Race ; a handful of others followed in the next several years , Radar Scope and Donkey Kong being among the most famous of these . The early 1980s saw Nintendo 's video game division ( led by Yokoi ) creating some of its most famous arcade titles . The massively popular Donkey Kong was created in 1981 , with Shigeru Miyamoto as its mastermind , and released in the arcades and on the Atari 2600 , Intellivision , and ColecoVision video game systems ( although Nintendo themselves generally had no involvement with these early console ports ) . This release method would be used on several later Nintendo arcade games of this same period , including the original Mario Bros. ( not to be confused with the later Super Mario Bros . ) In addition to this arcade and dedicated console game activity , Nintendo was testing the consumer handheld video game waters with the Game & Watch . </P> <H3> Game & Watch and Nintendo Entertainment system ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Game & Watch , Nintendo Entertainment System , and History of the Nintendo Entertainment System <P> Game & Watch or G&W is a line of handheld electronic games produced by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991 . Created by game designer Gunpei Yokoi , each Game & Watch features a single game to be played on an LCD screen in addition to a clock and / or an alarm . It was the earliest Nintendo product to garner major success , with 43.4 million units sold worldwide . </P> <P> In 1982 , Nintendo developed a prototype system dubbed the `` Advanced Video System '' ( or AVS for short ) and had controllers much like the NES . There were accessories such as a tape drive , a joystick and a lightgun , and along with all of that , the system was made of a computer , much like the Atari 400 , Commodore Vic - 20 and Commodore 64 . It was never released and is on display at the Nintendo World Store in New York . In July 1983 , Nintendo released the Famicom ( Family Computer ) system in Japan , which was its first attempt at a cartridge - based video game console . The system sold over 500,000 units within two months at a price around $100 USD . However , after a few months of favorable sales , Nintendo received complaints that some Famicom consoles would freeze when the player attempted to play certain games . The fault was found in a malfunctioning chip and Nintendo decided to recall all Famicom units that were currently on store shelves , which ultimately cost them approximately half a million USD . </P> <P> During this period , Nintendo rekindled their desire to release the Famicom ( Or Nintendo Entertainment System ) in the US . Since the company had very little experience with the US market , they had previously attempted to contract with Atari for the system 's distribution in 1983 . However , a fiasco involving Coleco and Donkey Kong soured the relationship between the two during the negotiations , and Atari refused to back Nintendo 's console . </P> <P> In 1983 - 1985 , a large scale recession in video game sales hit the market which amounted to a 97 % decrease primarily in the North American area . The recession known as the `` video game crash of 1983 '' was caused by a few main factors including the flooding of the console market , competition of home computers , inflation , and loss of publishing control . The video game crash of 1983 soon took out not only Atari , but the vast majority of the American market itself . Over time , dominance in the market shifted from America to Japan . Nintendo began exporting to America and had virtually only one major competitor in the market , Sega , which was another Japanese company . </P> The Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) , released in 1985 , is one of the most popular consoles of all time . <P> Nintendo was determined not to make the same mistakes in the US that Atari had . Because of massive influxes of games that were regarded as some of the worst ever created , gaming had almost completely died out in America . Nintendo decided that to avoid facing the same problems , they would only allow games that received their `` Seal of Quality '' to be sold for the Famicom . </P> <P> In 1985 , Nintendo announced that they were releasing the Famicom worldwide with a different design under the name the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) . They used a creative tactic to counter the bad view that the media was giving on video games , and released the NES with R.O.B. units that connected to the console and were synchronised to the games . To ensure the localization of the highest - quality games by third - party developers , Nintendo of America limited the number of game titles third - party developers could release in a single year to five . Konami , the first third - party company that was allowed to make cartridges for the Famicom , would later circumvent this rule by creating a spinoff company , Ultra Games , to release additional games in a single year . Other manufacturers soon employed the same tactic . Also in 1985 , Super Mario Bros. was released for the Famicom in Japan and became a large success . </P> <P> Nintendo test marketed the Nintendo Entertainment System in the New York area on October 18 , 1985 . They expanded the test to Los Angeles in February 1986 , followed by tests in Chicago and San Francisco . They would go national by the end of 1986 , along with 15 games , sold separately . In the US and Canada , it outsold its competitors by a wide margin . This was also the year

The first video game for Nintendo was

What was the first video game for nintendo?

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dubbed broadcast in English by Animax Asia , which aired from March 6 to April 9 , 2014 . </P> <P> Four pieces of theme music are used during the season . The first opening theme , titled `` Break Through '' and performed by Going Under Ground , was used for the first sixteen episodes of the season . The second opening theme , used for the remainder of the season , is `` Fairy Tail : Yakusoku no Hi '' ( フェアリー テイル ~ 约束 の 日 ~ , `` Fairy Tail : The Promised Day '' ) , performed by Chihiro Yonekura . The ending themes respectively used with the opening themes are `` Kimi ga Kureta Mono '' ( キミ が くれ た もの , `` What You Gave Me '' ) , performed by Shizuka Kudō , and `` We 're the Stars '' , performed by Aimi . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Episode list </Li> <Li> 2 Notes </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Episode list ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Official English title Original Japanese title </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> English air date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 151 </Th> <Td> `` Sabertooth '' `` Seibātūsu '' ( 剣 咬 の 虎 ( セイバー トゥース ) ) </Td> <Td> October 6 , 2012 </Td> <Td> November 17 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> The Legion Platoon is tasked by Zentopia 's archbishop to retrieve the missing pieces of the Infinity Clock and seal them again . Before embarking on their mission , they visit Fairy Tail and make amends with the guild for their previous hostility against them . It is later discovered that Fairy Tail has lost their title as the strongest guild in Fiore to the Saber Tooth guild over the past seven years . Two of the strongest wizards in the guild include a pair of Dragon Slayers named Sting and Rogue , who are obsessed with fighting Natsu and Gajeel , respectively . Meanwhile , Makarov brings Gildarts to their abandoned guildhall and shows him Lumen Histoire , a light that Makarov says is Fairy Tail 's greatest secret . Makarov then tells Gildarts that he has been chosen to become the next master of Fairy Tail . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 152 </Th> <Td> `` And So We Aim for the Top '' `` Soshite Ore - tachi wa Chōjō o Mezasu '' ( そして オレ たち は 顶 上 を 目指す ) </Td> <Td> October 13 , 2012 </Td> <Td> November 24 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Natsu and his friends discover that a power gap has developed between them and the rest of the guild members who were not on Tenrou Island . The group meets with Poluchka for medicine to strengthen their magic , but are unsuccessful . Wendy recognizes Poluchka 's voice and scent as those of Grandine , the dragon who raised her . Poluchka reveals herself as the Edolas counterpart of Grandine , and gives Wendy written instructions for two advanced spells that Grandine failed to teach her . Meanwhile , Makarov announces Gildarts ' succession as master to the rest of the guild , only to find he has gone on a journey , leaving a letter of resignation behind . In the letter , Gildarts reinstates Laxus into the guild , returns mastership to Makarov , and tells him to make Fairy Tail the strongest guild in Fiore again . Romeo suggests they participate in the Grand Magic Games , an annual festival designed to determine the guild rankings in Fiore . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 153 </Th> <Td> `` Song of the Stars '' `` Hoshiboshi no Uta '' ( 星々 の 歌 ) </Td> <Td> October 20 , 2012 </Td> <Td> December 1 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> With the Grand Magic Games occurring in three months time , Natsu and his friends train at a beach resort . On their second day of training , Virgo appears and tells the wizards that the Celestial Spirit World is in danger of destruction . When the wizards arrive , they instead find a surprise party held by the Celestial Spirit King celebrating their return from Sirius Island after seven years . They spend the day in the spirit world partying with the spirits . Before they leave , however , Virgo informs them that one day in the spirit world equals three months in the human world , and they find the Grand Magic Games are upon them . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 154 </Th> <Td> `` For All the Time We Missed Each Other '' `` Surechigatta Jikan no Bun dake '' ( すれ 违 っ た 时间 の 分 だけ ) </Td> <Td> October 27 , 2012 </Td> <Td> December 8 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> While mulling over their lost training time , the Fairy Tail wizards receive a message via carrier pigeon requesting a private meeting in the forest nearby . There they meet a runaway Jellal , Ultear , and Merudy , who have formed their own guild , Crime Sorcière , to defeat Zeref and any dark guilds that try to use his power . The three ask Fairy Tail for their help in determining the source of a magical anomaly similar to Zeref 's magic that they have sensed around the Grand Magic Games arena , Domus Flau . In exchange , Ultear uses her magic to invoke their Second Origin in order to double their magic power . As the others undergo the painful process of awakening their Second Origin , Erza talks with Jellal over his regained memories . The two nearly kiss , but Jellal decides that he and Erza can not be together and lies to her that he has a fiancée . Erza quickly picks up on this and respects his decision , seeing Crime Sorcière off as they leave . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 155 </Th> <Td> `` Crocus , the Flower - Blooming Capital '' `` Hanasaku Miyako : Kurokkasu '' ( 花 笑 く 都 ・ クロッカス ) </Td> <Td> November 3 , 2012 </Td> <Td> December 15 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Natsu , Lucy , Gray , Erza , and Wendy are chosen to represent their guild in the Grand Magic Games , which are to be held in Fiore 's capital , Crocus . As they tour the city , Natsu and Happy encounter the twin dragon slayers , Sting and Rogue , who mock Natsu for not being able to kill Acnologia , and boast of becoming true dragon slayers by killing the dragons who raised them . At midnight , Fairy Tail and the other participating guilds are put through a preliminary event -- a race through a massive floating labyrinth -- designed to narrow the number of participating guilds down to eight teams . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 156 </Th> <Td> `` Sky Labyrinth '' `` Sukai Rabirinsu '' ( 空中 迷宮 ( スカイ ラビリンス ) ) </Td> <Td> November 10 , 2012 </Td> <Td> December 22 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Natsu 's team notices that Wendy has gone missing , so Elfman replaces her to keep them from being eliminated . As they make their way through the enchanted labyrinth , the five encounter various other guilds and steal the maps made by the other guilds to better navigate the maze . They manage to reach the end of the maze and pass the elimination round , confident they have arrived first , only to discover they have barely taken last place . Meanwhile , Happy , Lisanna , and the rest of the guild search for Wendy and Carla . They eventually find the two in the garden of the king 's palace , Mercurius , with their magic power depleted . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 157 </Th> <Td> `` New Guild '' `` Shinki Girudo '' ( 新 规 ギルド ) </Td> <Td> November 17 , 2012 </Td> <Td> December 29 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Wendy 's body is weakened as a result of losing her magic power . As Poluchka helps her recover , she formally requests Elfman to take her place in the Grand Magic Games . Fairy Tail steps into the arena with a negative audience reception , but they are bolstered by their guild mates and the spirit of Mavis , whom only the Fairy Tail guild members can see . The next four participating teams are revealed to be Quatro Cerberus , Mermaid Heel , Blue Pegasus , and Lamia Scale . Following them is Raven Tail , a former dark guild led by Makarov 's son Ivan , who confess to attacking Wendy and Carla . To everyone 's shock , the next team is revealed to be a second team from Fairy Tail composed of Gajeel , Juvia , Mirajane , Laxus , and Jellal ( disguised as Mystogan to help investigate the arena ) . The final guild to be announced is Saber Tooth , much to the joy of the audience . With all eight teams announced , they each send out one member to participate in the first contest of the games , with Gray and Juvia representing their teams . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 158 </Th> <Td> `` Night of Shooting Stars '' `` Hoshi Furu Yoru ni '' ( 星 降 ル 夜 ニ ) </Td> <Td> November 24 , 2012 </Td> <Td> January 5 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> The games ' first contest , `` Hidden '' , requires the eight participants to score points by finding and attacking each other in a virtual city filled with copies of themselves . Raven Tail member Nalpudding repeatedly targets Gray , who scores last place in the contest while Saber Tooth 's Rufus scores first by using his Memory - Make magic to attack all the other participants at once . Humiliated , Gray swears revenge against Raven Tail and Saber Tooth . Afterwards , Lucy is chosen to fight Raven Tail member Flare in the tournament 's first battle round . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 159 </Th> <Td> `` Lucy vs. Flare '' `` Rūshii vs. Furea '' ( ルーシィ vs. フレア ) </Td> <Td> December 1 , 2012 </Td> <Td> January 12 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Lucy displays tremendous skill in her battle against Flare by being able to summon two spirits simultaneously . As Lucy gains the upper hand , Flare cheats by using her magic hair to hold Alzack and Bisca 's daughter Asuka as a hostage , blackmailing Lucy into not fighting back to keep her from harming Asuka . As Lucy tearfully speaks of Asuka 's danger , Natsu is able to hear it and rushes to Asuka to incinerate Flare 's hair , allowing Lucy to counterattack with her Urano Metoria spell in combination with Gemini . However , before the spell fully activates , Flare 's teammate Obra nullifies Lucy 's magic , causing her to collapse and lose the match . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 160 </Th> <Td> `` Portent '' `` Kyōzui '' ( 凶 瑞 ) </Td> <Td> December 8 , 2012 </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Blue Pegasus ' Ren defeats Mermaid Heel 's Araña during the games ' second match , while Saber Tooth 's Orga effortlessly defeats Quatro Cerberus ' War Cry in the third match . For the day 's fourth and final match , Jellal is pitted against Lamia Scale 's Jura , intending to avenge the humiliated Fairy Tail members . He mimics Mystogan 's magic to keep up his disguise , but he finds it ineffective to use against Jura and is forced to use his own magic instead . Before he can cast a spell that will expose his true identity , Ultear uses Merudy 's sensory to force Jellal into submission . Meanwhile , the hospitalized Carla awakens after having a troubling premonition of the future

The Grand Magic Games in Fairy Tail take place in

When do the grand magic games start in fairy tail?

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Blood Type distribution by Country - wikipedia <H1> Blood Type distribution by Country </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 ABO and distribution by country </Li> <Li> 2 Maps of allele ABO among native populations </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> ABO and distribution by Country ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section 's factual accuracy is disputed . Relevant discussion may be found on Talk : Blood type distribution by country . Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. ( April 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> ABO and Rh blood type distribution by country ( population averages ) <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Population </Th> <Th> O+ </Th> <Th> A+ </Th> <Th> B+ </Th> <Th> AB+ </Th> <Th> O − </Th> <Th> A − </Th> <Th> B − </Th> <Th> AB − </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Argentina </Th> <Td> 44,270,440 </Td> <Td> 45.4 % </Td> <Td> 34.26 % </Td> <Td> 8.59 % </Td> <Td> 2.64 % </Td> <Td> 8.4 % </Td> <Td> 0.44 % </Td> <Td> 0.21 % </Td> <Td> 0.06 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Armenia </Th> <Td> 2,931,568 </Td> <Td> 29.0 % </Td> <Td> 46.3 % </Td> <Td> 12.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.6 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.7 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.4 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia </Th> <Td> 24,642,693 </Td> <Td> 40.0 % </Td> <Td> 31.0 % </Td> <Td> 8.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 9.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austria </Th> <Td> 8,592,470 </Td> <Td> 30.0 % </Td> <Td> 33.0 % </Td> <Td> 12.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 8.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bahrain </Th> <Td> 1,418,695 </Td> <Td> 48.48 % </Td> <Td> 19.35 % </Td> <Td> 22.61 % </Td> <Td> 3.67 % </Td> <Td> 3.27 % </Td> <Td> 1.33 % </Td> <Td> 1.04 % </Td> <Td> 0.25 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bangladesh </Th> <Td> 164,833,667 </Td> <Td> 31.18 % </Td> <Td> 21.44 % </Td> <Td> 34.58 % </Td> <Td> 8.85 % </Td> <Td> 1.39 % </Td> <Td> 0.96 % </Td> <Td> 0.96 % </Td> <Td> 0.64 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium </Th> <Td> 11,444,053 </Td> <Td> 38.0 % </Td> <Td> 34.0 % </Td> <Td> 8.6 % </Td> <Td> 4.1 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.5 % </Td> <Td> 0.8 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bolivia </Th> <Td> 11,053,376 </Td> <Td> 51.53 % </Td> <Td> 29.45 % </Td> <Td> 10.11 % </Td> <Td> 1.15 % </Td> <Td> 4.39 % </Td> <Td> 2.73 % </Td> <Td> 0.54 % </Td> <Td> 0.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bosnia and Herzegovina </Th> <Td> 3,792,730 </Td> <Td> 31.0 % </Td> <Td> 36.0 % </Td> <Td> 12.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brazil </Th> <Td> 211,248,418 </Td> <Td> 36.0 % </Td> <Td> 34.0 % </Td> <Td> 8.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.5 % </Td> <Td> 9.0 % </Td> <Td> 8.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bulgaria </Th> <Td> 7,045,097 </Td> <Td> 28.0 % </Td> <Td> 37.0 % </Td> <Td> 13.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cambodia </Th> <Td> 16,077,172 </Td> <Td> 46.7 % </Td> <Td> 27.2 % </Td> <Td> 18.5 % </Td> <Td> 4.9 % </Td> <Td> 1.3 % </Td> <Td> 0.8 % </Td> <Td> 0.5 % </Td> <Td> 0.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cameroon </Th> <Td> 24,515,533 </Td> <Td> 42.8 % </Td> <Td> 38.8 % </Td> <Td> 12.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.3 % </Td> <Td> 1.4 % </Td> <Td> 1.2 % </Td> <Td> 0.4 % </Td> <Td> 0.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada </Th> <Td> 36,627,140 </Td> <Td> 39.0 % </Td> <Td> 36.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.6 % </Td> <Td> 2.5 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.4 % </Td> <Td> 0.5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chile </Th> <Td> 18,314,060 </Td> <Td> 85.5 % </Td> <Td> 8.7 % </Td> <Td> 3.35 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.2 % </Td> <Td> 0.1 % </Td> <Td> 0.05 % </Td> <Td> 0.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> China </Th> <Td> 1,388,251,023 </Td> <Td> 47.7 % </Td> <Td> 27.8 % </Td> <Td> 18.9 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.28 % </Td> <Td> 0.19 % </Td> <Td> 0.1 % </Td> <Td> 0.03 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colombia </Th> <Td> 49,069,267 </Td> <Td> 61.3 % </Td> <Td> 26.11 % </Td> <Td> 2.28 % </Td> <Td> 1.47 % </Td> <Td> 5.13 % </Td> <Td> 2.7 % </Td> <Td> 0.7 % </Td> <Td> 0.31 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Côte d'Ivoire </Th> <Td> 23,869,656 </Td> <Td> 46.5 % </Td> <Td> 22.5 % </Td> <Td> 22.5 % </Td> <Td> 4.3 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Croatia </Th> <Td> 4,207,355 </Td> <Td> 29.0 % </Td> <Td> 36.0 % </Td> <Td> 15.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cuba </Th> <Td> 11,486,750 </Td> <Td> 45.8 % </Td> <Td> 33.5 % </Td> <Td> 10.2 % </Td> <Td> 2.9 % </Td> <Td> 3.6 % </Td> <Td> 2.8 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cyprus </Th> <Td> 1,189,395 </Td> <Td> 35.22 % </Td> <Td> 40.35 % </Td> <Td> 11.11 % </Td> <Td> 4.72 % </Td> <Td> 3.85 % </Td> <Td> 3.48 % </Td> <Td> 0.87 % </Td> <Td> 0.40 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Czech Republic </Th> <Td> 10,555,152 </Td> <Td> 27.0 % </Td> <Td> 36.0 % </Td> <Td> 15.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Denmark </Th> <Td> 5,711,902 </Td> <Td> 35.0 % </Td> <Td> 37.0 % </Td> <Td> 8.0 % </Td> <Td> 4.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dominican Republic </Th> <Td> 10,766,932 </Td> <Td> 46.2 % </Td> <Td> 26.4 % </Td> <Td> 16.9 % </Td> <Td> 3.1 % </Td> <Td> 3.7 % </Td> <Td> 2.1 % </Td> <Td> 1.4 % </Td> <Td> 0.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ecuador </Th> <Td> 16,665,756 </Td> <Td> 75.0 % </Td> <Td> 14.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.1 % </Td> <Td> 0.5 % </Td> <Td> 2.38 % </Td> <Td> 0.7 % </Td> <Td> 0.3 % </Td> <Td> 0.02 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Egypt </Th> <Td> 95,220,838 </Td> <Td> 52.0 % </Td> <Td> 24.0 % </Td> <Td> 12.4 % </Td> <Td> 3.8 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.6 % </Td> <Td> 0.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> El Salvador </Th> <Td> 6,171,483 </Td> <Td> 62.0 % </Td> <Td> 23.0 % </Td> <Td> 11.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.7 % </Td> <Td> 0.3 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Estonia </Th> <Td> 1,305,745 </Td> <Td> 29.5 % </Td> <Td> 30.8 % </Td> <Td> 20.7 % </Td> <Td> 6.3 % </Td> <Td> 4.3 % </Td> <Td> 4.5 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.9 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ethiopia </Th> <Td> 104,352,727 </Td> <Td> 39.0 % </Td> <Td> 28.0 % </Td> <Td> 21.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Finland </Th> <Td> 5,541,328 </Td> <Td> 27.0 % </Td> <Td> 38.0 % </Td> <Td> 15.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 4.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> France </Th> <Td> 64,939,560 </Td> <Td> 36.0 % </Td> <Td> 37.0 % </Td> <Td> 9.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany </Th> <Td> 80,635,980 </Td> <Td> 35.0 % </Td> <Td> 37.0 % </Td> <Td> 9.0 % </Td> <Td> 4.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Greece </Th> <Td> 10,892,849 </Td> <Td> 37.4 % </Td> <Td> 32.9 % </Td> <Td> 11.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.7 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Guinea </Th> <Td> 13,291,741 </Td> <Td> 46.88 % </Td> <Td> 21.64 % </Td> <Td> 22.86 % </Td> <Td> 4.52 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.9 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Honduras </Th> <Td> 9,348,898 </Td> <Td> 57.5 % </Td> <Td> 27.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.8 % </Td> <Td> 2.5 % </Td> <Td> 2.7 % </Td> <Td> 1.7 % </Td> <Td> 0.6 % </Td> <Td> 0.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hong Kong </Th> <Td> 7,402,115 </Td> <Td> 41.5 % </Td> <Td> 26.13 % </Td> <Td> 25.34 % </Td> <Td> 6.35 % </Td> <Td> 0.32 % </Td> <Td> 0.17 % </Td> <Td> 0.14 % </Td> <Td> 0.05 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hungary </Th> <Td> 9,787,801 </Td> <Td> 27.0 % </Td> <Td> 33.0 % </Td> <Td> 16.0 % </Td> <Td> 8.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iceland </Th> <Td> 334,311 </Td> <Td> 47.6 % </Td> <Td> 26.4 % </Td> <Td> 9.3 % </Td> <Td> 1.6 % </Td> <Td> 8.4 % </Td> <Td> 4.6 % </Td> <Td> 1.7 % </Td> <Td> 0.4 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> India </Th> <Td> 1,342,561,902 </Td> <Td> 27.85 % </Td> <Td> 20.8 % </Td> <Td> 38.14 % </Td> <Td> 8.93 % </Td> <Td> 1.43 % </Td> <Td> 0.57 % </Td> <Td> 1.79 % </Td> <Td> 0.49 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Indonesia </Th> <Td> 263,519,317 </Td> <Td> 36.82 % </Td> <Td> 25.87 % </Td> <Td> 28.85 % </Td> <Td> 7.96 % </Td> <Td> 0.18 % </Td> <Td> 0.13 % </Td> <Td> 0.15 % </Td> <Td> 0.04 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iran </Th> <Td> 80,982,137 </Td> <Td> 33.5 % </Td> <Td> 27.0 % </Td> <Td> 22.2 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 4.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.5 % </Td> <Td> 0.8 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iraq </Th> <Td> 38,657,787 </Td> <Td> 32.1 % </Td> <Td> 25.0 % </Td> <Td> 25.6 % </Td> <Td> 7.4 % </Td> <Td> 3.6 % </Td> <Td> 2.7 % </Td> <Td> 2.7 % </Td> <Td> 0.9 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland </Th> <Td> 4,749,263 </Td> <Td> 47.0 % </Td> <Td> 26.0 % </Td> <Td> 9.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 8.0 % </Td> <Td> 5.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Israel </Th> <Td> 8,323,659 </Td> <Td> 32.0 % </Td> <Td> 34.0 % </Td> <Td> 17.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 4.0 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Italy </Th> <Td> 59,797,969 </Td> <Td> 39.0 % </Td> <Td> 36.0 % </Td> <Td> 7.5 % </Td> <Td> 2.5 % </Td> <Td> 7.0 % </Td> <Td> 6.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.5 % </Td> <Td> 0.5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jamaica </Th> <Td> 2,813,316 </Td> <Td> 47.0 % </Td> <Td> 23.0 % </Td> <Td> 20.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.0 % </Td> <Td> 3.5 % </Td> <Td> 2.0 % </Td> <Td> 1.0 % </Td> <Td> 0.5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Japan </Th> <Td> 126,044,340 </Td> <Td> 29.9 % </Td> <Td> 39.8 % </Td> <Td> 19.9 % </Td> <Td> 9.9 % </Td> <Td> 0.15 % </Td> <Td>

The most common blood type in Sweden is

What is the most common blood type in sweden?

7735703748660141931

Bad Boys ( Inner Circle song ) - wikipedia <H1> Bad Boys ( Inner Circle song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Bad Boys '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Swedish single picture sleeve , 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Inner Circle </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album One Way and Bad Boys / Bad to the Bone </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Sweat ( A La La La La Long ) '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1991 , 1993 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 - inch single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Reggae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Island </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Ian Lewis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Bad Boys '' is a 1987 song by the Jamaican reggae band Inner Circle , which obtained high popularity in the United States after its re-release in 1993 , peaking at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 7 on the Top 40 Mainstream . It is well known as the opening theme to the U.S. TV show Cops . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 2.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song was originally released in 1987 on the album One Way and obtained minor airplay and poor sales . However , in 1992 , it was also included on the Bad to the Bone album , and the song was released as a single in 1993 , after the unexpected success of their previous international hit single `` Sweat ( A La La La La Long ) '' . `` Bad Boys '' reached number 52 in the United Kingdom and number 8 in the United States ; in the latter territory , it was certified Gold and sold 600,000 copies . The song was also released as B - side on Inner Circle 's 1992 single `` Sweat ( A La La La La Long ) '' . The song was also released as a single in mid-1991 in Norway ; it peaked at number one for three weeks . </P> <P> This song makes references to `` Sheriff John Brown '' , who was the sheriff killed in Bob Marley 's song `` I Shot the Sheriff '' . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Chart </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> Finland ( Suomen virallinen lista ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Australia ( ARIA ) </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Dance Music / Maxi - Singles Sales </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot R&B Singles </Td> <Td> 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Top 40 Mainstream </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> US Billboard Hot Ringtones </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> US Billboard Hot Ringtones </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1993 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 69 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Bad Boys '' was selected as the theme song to Cops because a field producer for the show happened to be a fan of Inner Circle . The song , which was very popular during the 1990s , was also used in the Will Smith and Martin Lawrence action / comedy film Bad Boys and the sequel Bad Boys II ( some of the lyrics are sung by Smith and Lawrence in both films ) . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of number - one singles of 1991 ( Finland ) </Li> <Li> List of number - one songs in Norway </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Inner Circle -- Awards '' . AllMusic . All Media Network . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Inner Circle : Artist Chart History '' . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Gold & Platinum -- Inner Circle -- Bad Boys '' . RIAA . Retrieved 12 May 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Best - Selling Records of 1993 '' . Billboard . Vol. 106 no . 3 . 15 January 1994 . p. 73 . ISSN 0006 - 2510 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` cdBBQ : Inner Circle '' . Cdbbq.com . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( in Finnish ) Nyman , Jake ( 2005 ) . Suomi soi 4 : Suuri suomalainen listakirja ( 1st ed . ) . Helsinki : Tammi . ISBN 951 - 31 - 2503 - 3 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Norwegiancharts.com -- Inner Circle -- Bad Boys '' . VG - lista . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Swedishcharts.com -- Inner Circle -- Bad Boys '' . Singles Top 100 . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Australian-charts.com -- Inner Circle -- Bad Boys '' . ARIA Top 50 Singles . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Austriancharts.at -- Inner Circle -- Bad Boys '' ( in German ) . Ö3 Austria Top 40 . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Singles : Issue 0993 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Offiziellecharts.de -- Inner Circle -- Bad Boys '' . GfK Entertainment Charts . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Irish Charts -- Search Results -- Inner Circle '' . Irish Singles Chart . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Charts.org.nz -- Inner Circle -- Bad Boys '' . Top 40 Singles . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` End of Year Charts 1993 '' . Recorded Music NZ . Retrieved 3 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 100 Hits for 1993 '' . The Longbored Surfer . Retrieved 27 August 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Griffin , Gil ( 2 July 1994 ) . `` Inner Circle 's Sphere of Influence - Big Beat / Atlantic Set Follows ' Bad ' Breakthrough '' . Billboard . Vol. 106 no . 27 . ISSN 0006 - 2510 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Inner Circle Biography '' . Bad Boys of Reggae . Retrieved 7 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Walker , Klive ( 2005 ) . Dubwise : reasoning from the reggae underground . Insomniac Press . p. 203 . ISBN 1 - 894663 - 96 - 9 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Inner Circle </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Ian Lewis </Li> <Li> Roger Lewis </Li> <Li> Bernard `` Touter '' Harvey </Li> <Li> Michael Sterling </Li> <Li> Lancelot Hall </Li> <Li> Trevor `` Skatta '' Bonnick </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Michael `` Ibo '' Cooper </Li> <Li> Stephen `` Cat '' Coore </Li> <Li> William Stewart </Li> <Li> William `` Bunny Rugs '' Clarke </Li> <Li> Irvin `` Carrot '' Jarrett </Li> <Li> Milton `` Prilly '' Hamilton </Li> <Li> Charles Farquharson </Li> <Li> Calvin McKenzie </Li> <Li> Funky Brown </Li> <Li> Jacob Miller </Li> <Li> Lester Adderley </Li> <Li> Norman Grant </Li> <Li> Rick Hunt </Li> <Li> Calton Coffie </Li> <Li> Dave Gonzales </Li> <Li> Kris Bentley </Li> <Li> Jr . Jazz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Albums </Th> <Td> Bad to the Bone ( 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Bad Boys '' </Li> <Li> `` Sweat ( A La La La La Long ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Games People Play '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bad_Boys_(Inner_Circle_song)&oldid=838510420 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1987 songs </Li> <Li> 1993 singles </Li> <Li> Inner Circle ( band ) songs </Li> <Li> Number - one singles in Finland </Li> <Li> Number - one singles in Norway </Li> <Li> Songs about crime </Li> <Li> Songs written for films </Li> <Li> Television theme songs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with Finnish - language external links </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from January 2014 </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Norway </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Sweden </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Australia </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Austria </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Canadatopsingles </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without artist </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without song </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Germany2 </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Ireland2 </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for New Zealand </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for UKchartarchive </Li> <Li> Singlechart making named ref </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Slovenčina </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 27 April 2018 , at 13 : 42 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The theme song for the TV show "Cops" is performed by

Who sings the theme song for the tv show cops?

3147312731957254507

Dancing with the Stars ( U.S. season 1 ) - wikipedia <H1> Dancing with the Stars ( U.S. season 1 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Dancing with the Stars ( season 1 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> ABC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> June 1 -- July 6 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Additional information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Celebrity winner </Th> <Td> Kelly Monaco </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Professional winner </Th> <Td> Alec Mazo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Next → Season 2 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The first season of Dancing with the Stars ( U.S. ) debuted on ABC on June 1 , 2005 . Six celebrities were paired with six professional ballroom dancers . Tom Bergeron and Lisa Canning were the hosts for this season . The judges were Carrie Ann Inaba , Len Goodman , and Bruno Tonioli . </P> <P> The premiere drew over 13 million viewers , the second biggest summer debut ever for an American reality series after Survivor . The second week climbed to 15 million viewers , and the show climbed to No. 1 in the summer 2005 TV season ratings , where it remained for the remainder of the season . The season finale aired July 6 , 2005 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Couples </Li> <Li> 2 Scoring chart <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Average chart </Li> <Li> 2.2 Pro 's average chart </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Highest and lowest scoring performances </Li> <Li> 4 Couples ' highest and lowest scoring performances </Li> <Li> 5 Weekly scores and songs <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Week 1 </Li> <Li> 5.2 Week 2 </Li> <Li> 5.3 Week 3 </Li> <Li> 5.4 Week 4 </Li> <Li> 5.5 Week 5 </Li> <Li> 5.6 Week 6 : Finale </Li> <Li> 5.7 Dance off </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Dance chart </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Couples ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( August 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The six professionals and celebrities that competed were : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Celebrity </Th> <Th> Notability ( known for ) </Th> <Th> Professional partner </Th> <Th> Status </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trista Sutter </Td> <Td> Reality television star </Td> <Td> Louis Van Amstel </Td> <Td> Eliminated 1st on June 8 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Evander Holyfield </Td> <Td> Professional boxer </Td> <Td> Edyta Sliwinska </Td> <Td> Eliminated 2nd on June 15 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rachel Hunter </Td> <Td> Supermodel & actress </Td> <Td> Jonathan Roberts </Td> <Td> Eliminated 3rd on June 22 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joey McIntyre </Td> <Td> New Kids on the Block singer </Td> <Td> Ashly DelGrosso </Td> <Td> Third place on June 29 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John O'Hurley </Td> <Td> Actor & game show host </Td> <Td> Charlotte Jorgensen </Td> <Td> Runner - up on July 6 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kelly Monaco </Td> <Td> Actress </Td> <Td> Alec Mazo </Td> <Td> Winner on July 6 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dd> † Kelly Monaco returned for the All - Stars season , where this time she was paired with Valentin Chmerkovskiy . They finished third . </Dd> </Dl> <H2> Scoring chart ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Couple </Th> <Th> Place </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 1 + 2 </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 5 </Th> <Th> 6 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kelly & Alec </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 22 + 25 = 47 </Td> <Td> 25 + 30 = 55 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John & Charlotte </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 27 + 27 = 54 </Td> <Td> 27 + 27 = 54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joey & Ashly </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 20 + 25 = 45 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rachel & Jonathan </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Evander & Edyta </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trista & Louis </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dd> indicates the eliminated couple that week </Dd> <Dd> indicates the returning couple that was last to be called safe </Dd> <Dd> indicates the winning couple </Dd> <Dd> indicates the runner - up couple </Dd> <Dd> indicates the third place couple </Dd> <Dd> Red numbers indicate the couples with the lowest score for each week </Dd> <Dd> Green numbers indicate the couples with the highest score for each week </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Average chart ( edit ) </H3> <P> This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30 - point scale . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank by average </Th> <Th> Place </Th> <Th> Couple </Th> <Th> Total </Th> <Th> Number of dances </Th> <Th> Average </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> John & Charlotte </Td> <Td> 199 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 24.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Rachel & Jonathan </Td> <Td> 95 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kelly & Alec </Td> <Td> 179 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 22.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Joey & Ashly </Td> <Td> 128 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 21.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Trista & Louis </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 18.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Evander & Edyta </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 15.0 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Pro 's average chart ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank by average </Th> <Th> Place </Th> <Th> Couple </Th> <Th> Average </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Charlotte Jorgensen </Td> <Td> 24.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Louis van Amstel </Td> <Td> 21.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Alec Mazo </Td> <Td> 20.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jonathan Roberts </Td> <Td> 19.4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> Edyta Sliwinska </Td> <Td> 19.1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ashly DelGrosso </Td> <Td> 16.7 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Highest and lowest scoring performances ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Dance </Th> <Th> Celebrity </Th> <Th> Highest score </Th> <Th> Celebrity </Th> <Th> Lowest score </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cha - cha - cha </Td> <Td> John O'Hurley Joey McIntyre </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Evander Holyfield </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Waltz </Td> <Td> Rachel Hunter </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Kelly Monaco </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rumba </Td> <Td> Rachel Hunter </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Kelly Monaco </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quickstep </Td> <Td> John O'Hurley </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Evander Holyfield </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jive </Td> <Td> Joey McIntyre </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Evander Holyfield </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tango </Td> <Td> Rachel Hunter </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> John O'Hurley </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Samba </Td> <Td> Kelly Monaco </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> Joey McIntyre </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paso doble </Td> <Td> John O'Hurley </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Kelly Monaco Joey McIntyre </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Foxtrot </Td> <Td> John O'Hurley </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Joey McIntyre </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Freestyle </Td> <Td> Kelly Monaco </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> John O'Hurley </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Trista Sutter is the only star to not land on this list </P> <H2> Couples ' highest and lowest scoring performances ( edit ) </H2> <P> According to the traditional 30 - point scale . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Couples </Th> <Th> Highest Scoring Dances </Th> <Th> Lowest Scoring Dances </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kelly & Alec </Td> <Td> Freestyle ( 30 ) </Td> <Td> Waltz ( 13 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John & Charlotte </Td> <Td> Foxtrot , Paso doble , Quickstep & Freestyle ( 27 ) </Td> <Td> Cha - cha - cha ( 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joey & Ashly </Td> <Td> Paso doble ( 25 ) </Td> <Td> Cha - cha - cha , Samba and Foxtrot ( 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rachel & Jonathan </Td> <Td> Tango ( 26 ) </Td> <Td> Waltz ( 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Evander & Edyta </Td> <Td> Cha - cha - cha ( 18 ) </Td> <Td> Jive ( 13 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trista & Louis </Td> <Td> Rumba ( 19 ) </Td> <Td> Waltz ( 18 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Weekly scores and songs ( edit ) </H2> <P> Unless indicated otherwise , individual judges scores given in the charts below ( given in parentheses ) are listed in this order from left to right : Carrie Ann Inaba , Len Goodman , Bruno Tonioli . </P> <H3> Week 1 ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> Running order </Dt> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Couple </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Dance </Th> <Th> Music </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joey & Ashly </Td> <Td> 20 ( 7 , 7 , 6 ) </Td> <Td> Cha - cha - cha </Td> <Td> `` Crazy in Love '' -- Beyoncé </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rachel & Jonathan </Td> <Td> 20 ( 7 , 6 , 7 ) </Td> <Td> Waltz </Td> <Td> `` Three Times A Lady '' -- Lionel Richie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Evander & Edyta </Td> <Td> 18 ( 5 , 7 , 6 ) </Td> <Td> Cha - cha - cha </Td> <Td> `` Respect '' -- Aretha Franklin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kelly & Alec </Td> <Td> 13 ( 5 , 4 , 4 ) </Td> <Td> Waltz </Td> <Td> `` I Have Nothing '' -- Whitney Houston </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John & Charlotte </Td> <Td> 20 ( 7 , 7 , 6 ) </Td> <Td> Cha - cha - cha </Td> <Td> `` September '' -- Earth , Wind & Fire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trista & Louis </Td> <Td> 18 ( 6 , 6 , 6 ) </Td> <Td> Waltz </Td> <Td> `` Come Away with Me '' -- Norah Jones </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Week 2 ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dt> Running order </Dt> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Couple </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Dance </Th> <Th> Music </Th> <Th> Result </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rachel & Jonathan </Td> <Td> 24 ( 8 , 8 , 8 ) </Td> <Td> Rumba </Td> <Td> `` I Do n't Wanna Miss a Thing '' -- Aerosmith from Armageddon </Td> <Td> Bottom two </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joey & Ashly </Td> <Td> 21 ( 8 , 7 , 6 ) </Td> <Td> Quickstep </Td> <Td> `` You 're The One That I Want '' -- John Travolta and Olivia Newton - John </Td> <Td> Safe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trista & Louis </Td> <Td> 19 ( 6 , 7 , 6 ) </Td> <Td> Rumba </Td> <Td> `` Endless Love '' -- Diana Ross and Lionel Richie </Td> <Td> Eliminated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John & Charlotte </Td>

The first season of Dancing with the Stars featured

Who was on the first season of dwts?

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Cellular Field </Td> <Td> 3 : 11 </Td> <Td> 41,432 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> October 25 </Td> <Td> Chicago White Sox -- 7 , Houston Astros -- 5 ( 14 innings ) </Td> <Td> Minute Maid Park </Td> <Td> 5 : 41 </Td> <Td> 42,848 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> October 26 </Td> <Td> Chicago White Sox -- 1 , Houston Astros -- 0 </Td> <Td> Minute Maid Park </Td> <Td> 3 : 20 </Td> <Td> 42,936 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> 2005 World Series ( 4 -- 0 ) : Chicago White Sox ( A.L. ) over Houston Astros ( N.L. ) </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 5 </Th> <Th> 6 </Th> <Th> 7 </Th> <Th> 8 </Th> <Th> 9 </Th> <Th> 10 </Th> <Th> 11 </Th> <Th> 12 </Th> <Th> 13 </Th> <Th> 14 </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chicago White Sox </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Houston Astros </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="24"> Total attendance : 168,422 Average attendance : 42,106 Winning player 's share : $324,533 Losing player 's share : $191,985 </Td> </Tr> </Table> U.S. Cellular Field <H2> Media ( edit ) </H2> <P> As per their contract , Fox Sports carried the World Series on United States television . Joe Buck provided play - by - play for his eighth World Series while analyst Tim McCarver worked his sixteenth . </P> <P> ESPN Radio was the nationwide radio broadcaster , as it had been since 1998 . Jon Miller and Joe Morgan provided the play - by - play and analysis . </P> <P> Locally , KTRH - AM and WMVP were the primary carriers for the World Series in the Houston and Chicago markets . For KTRH long time Astros voice Milo Hamilton provided play - by - play while John Rooney called the games for the White Sox . Game 4 was Rooney 's last call after seventeen years as the radio voice of the White Sox , as he left to take the same position with the St. Louis Cardinals . The Cardinals proceeded to win the 2006 World Series , making Rooney the first home announcer to call back - to - back World Series wins for two different teams . That the teams were in two different leagues makes the feat even more unusual . </P> <H2> Ratings ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ratings for the 2005 World Series were considered weak . </P> <P> With an overall average of 11.1 , 2005 set a record for the lowest rated World Series of all - time . The prior lowest was 11.9 , set by the 2002 World Series between the San Francisco Giants and the Anaheim Angels ( importantly , this series went 7 games , and the 2005 Series went 4 ) . </P> <P> Following the 2005 World Series , however , every subsequent Series through 2013 except for 2009 produced lower ratings . The record - low 2012 World Series , another four - game sweep , averaged 7.6 ( 3.5 points lower than 2005 's rating ) and 12.7 million viewers ( 4.4 million fewer viewers than 2005 ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Game </Th> <Th> Ratings ( households ) </Th> <Th> Share ( households ) </Th> <Th> American audience ( in millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 9.5 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 15.0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 11.1 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 17.19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 11.0 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 16.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 13.0 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 19.98 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Aftermath ( edit ) </H2> <P> Neither team advanced to the post-season in 2006 , but the 2006 World Series again featured teams from the American League Central and National League Central divisions , this time represented by the Detroit Tigers and the St. Louis Cardinals , respectively . The Cardinals won the World Series in five games , in which manager Tony La Russa became the second manager to win the World Series in both American and National leagues , previously managing the Oakland Athletics to the 1989 World Series championship . Both the White Sox and the Astros were in the Wild Card race until the final weeks of the season , with the White Sox finishing with 90 wins , the Astros with 82 wins . The White Sox made their first post-2005 playoff appearance in 2008 , while the Astros would not return to the postseason until 2015 , their third season as an American League team and would not return to the World Series until 2017 , their fifth season as an American League team . </P> October 28 , 2005 Parade <P> This was the city of Chicago 's first professional sports championship since the Chicago Fire won MLS Cup ' 98 ( which came four months after the Chicago Bulls ' sixth NBA championship that year ) . The next major Chicago sports championship came in 2010 , when the NHL 's Chicago Blackhawks ended a 49 - year Stanley Cup title drought . With the Chicago Bears ' win in Super Bowl XX and the Chicago Cubs ' own World Series championship in 2016 , all Chicago sports teams have won at least one major championship since 1985 . Meanwhile , the Astros themselves made it back to the World Series in 2017 , but this time as an AL team , where they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games , resulting in Houston 's first professional sports championship since the 2006 -- 07 Houston Dynamo won their back - to - back MLS Championships . </P> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2005 World Series '' . Baseball - Reference . Retrieved January 6 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ESPN -- Big Hurt is far from forgotten -- MLB '' . Sports.espn.go.com. 2005 - 10 - 19 . Retrieved 2010 - 08 - 29 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Singer , Tom ( October 27 , 2005 ) . `` No fear : Uribe goes head over heels '' . MLB . Retrieved September 30 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` White Sox end 88 - year drought , sweep Astros to win World Series '' . ESPN . 26 October 2005 . Retrieved 17 April 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2005 World Series Game 1 -- Houston Astros vs. Chicago White Sox '' . Retrosheet . Retrieved September 13 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2005 World Series Game 2 -- Houston Astros vs. Chicago White Sox '' . Retrosheet . Retrieved September 13 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2005 World Series Game 3 -- Chicago White Sox vs. Houston Astros '' . Retrosheet . Retrieved September 13 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2005 World Series Game 4 -- Chicago White Sox vs. Houston Astros '' . Retrosheet . Retrieved September 13 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` World Series Gate Receipts and Player Shares '' . Baseball Almanac . Archived from the original on May 2 , 2009 . Retrieved June 14 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ World Series television ratings </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2005 World Series . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikinews has related news : Chicago White Sox win 2005 World Series baseball championship </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> 2005 World Series at WorldSeries.com ( MLB.com ) </Li> <Li> 2005 World Series at Baseball Almanac </Li> <Li> 2005 World Series at Baseball-Reference.com </Li> <Li> The 2005 Post-Season Games ( box scores and play - by - play ) at Retrosheet </Li> <Li> History of the World Series - 2005 at The SportingNews . Archived from the original on 2008 . </Li> <Li> 2005 Postseason Schedule at MLB.com </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> 2005 Major League Baseball postseason </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> World Series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> American League Championship Series </Li> <Li> National League Championship Series </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> American League Division Series </Li> <Li> National League Division Series </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> American League teams </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boston Red Sox </Li> <Li> Chicago White Sox </Li> <Li> Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim </Li> <Li> New York Yankees </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> National League teams </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Atlanta Braves </Li> <Li> Houston Astros </Li> <Li> St. Louis Cardinals </Li> <Li> San Diego Padres </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> World Series </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> No World Series was held in 1904 because the NL champions refused to participate ; no World Series was held in 1994 due to a players ' strike . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1900s -- 1910s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1900 1901 1902 1903 </Li> <Li> 1904 </Li> <Li> 1905 </Li> <Li> 1906 </Li> <Li> 1907 </Li> <Li> 1908 </Li> <Li> 1909 </Li> <Li> 1910 </Li> <Li> 1911 </Li> <Li> 1912 </Li> <Li> 1913 </Li> <Li> 1914 </Li> <Li> 1915 </Li> <Li> 1916 </Li> <Li> 1917 </Li> <Li> 1918 </Li> <Li> 1919 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1920s -- 1930s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1920 </Li> <Li> 1921 </Li> <Li> 1922 </Li> <Li> 1923 </Li> <Li> 1924 </Li> <Li> 1925 </Li> <Li> 1926 </Li> <Li> 1927 </Li> <Li> 1928 </Li> <Li> 1929 </Li> <Li> 1930 </Li> <Li> 1931 </Li> <Li> 1932 </Li> <Li> 1933 </Li> <Li> 1934 </Li> <Li> 1935 </Li> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1937 </Li> <Li> 1938 </Li> <Li> 1939 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1940s -- 1950s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1940 </Li> <Li> 1941 </Li> <Li> 1942 </Li> <Li> 1943 </Li> <Li> 1944 </Li> <Li> 1945 </Li> <Li> 1946 </Li> <Li> 1947 </Li> <Li> 1948 </Li> <Li> 1949 </Li> <Li> 1950 </Li> <Li> 1951 </Li> <Li> 1952 </Li> <Li> 1953 </Li> <Li> 1954 </Li> <Li> 1955 </Li> <Li> 1956 </Li> <Li> 1957 </Li> <Li> 1958 </Li> <Li> 1959 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1960s -- 1970s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1960 </Li> <Li> 1961 </Li> <Li> 1962 </Li> <Li> 1963 </Li> <Li> 1964 </Li> <Li> 1965 </Li> <Li> 1966 </Li> <Li> 1967 </Li> <Li> 1968 </Li> <Li> 1969 </Li> <Li> 1970 </Li> <Li> 1971 </Li> <Li> 1972 </Li> <Li> 1973 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1976 </Li> <Li> 1977 </Li> <Li> 1978 </Li> <Li> 1979 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1980s -- 1990s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 1981 </Li> <Li> 1982 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> 1985 </Li> <Li> 1986 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1988 </Li> <Li> 1989 </Li> <Li> 1990 </Li> <Li> 1991 </Li> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> 1993 </Li> <Li> 1994 </Li> <Li> 1995 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> 1999 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2000s -- 2010s </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2000 </Li> <Li> 2001 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> 2003 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2005 </Li> <Li> 2006 </Li> <Li> 2007 </Li> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> 2009 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2011 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2013 </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> <Li> 2015 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> <Li> 2017 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> See also </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pre-World Series champions

The last time the Astros were in the World Series, they played the

Who did the astros play last time they were in the world series?

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Minimum wage in the United States - wikipedia <H1> Minimum wage in the United States </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Minimum wage by U.S. state and territory , as of January 1 , 2018 . Versus the federal rate : Higher Same Lower No state minimum wage law <P> The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws . Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal , state , and local law . Since July 24 , 2009 , the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour . As of January 2018 , there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum . From 2017 to 2018 , eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments , while increases in eleven other states occurred through referendum or legislative action . Washington has the highest state minimum wage at $11.50 per hour . </P> <P> Using 2017 inflation - adjusted dollars , the federal minimum wage peaked at $11.53 per hour in 1968 . If the minimum wage in 1968 had kept up with labor 's productivity growth , it would have reached $19.33 in 2017 . There is a racial difference for support of a higher minimum wage with most black and Hispanic individuals supporting a $15.00 federal minimum wage , and 54 % of whites opposing it . In 2015 , about three percent of white , Asian , and Hispanic or Latino workers earned the federal minimum wage or less . Among black workers , the percentage was about four percent . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 19th Century </Li> <Li> 1.2 20th Century </Li> <Li> 1.3 21st century <Ul> <Li> 1.3. 1 Legislation </Li> <Li> 1.3. 2 Living wage protests </Li> <Li> 1.3. 3 Local ordinances </Li> <Li> 1.3. 4 Union exemptions </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Trends in purchasing power </Li> <Li> 3 Economic effects <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Employment and job creation </Li> <Li> 3.2 Prices </Li> <Li> 3.3 Effects on crime </Li> <Li> 3.4 Economic growth </Li> <Li> 3.5 Income inequality </Li> <Li> 3.6 Poverty </Li> <Li> 3.7 Federal budget deficit </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Commentary <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Economists </Li> <Li> 4.2 Major political parties </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Polls </Li> <Li> 6 List by jurisdiction <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Federal </Li> <Li> 6.2 State </Li> <Li> 6.3 Territory </Li> <Li> 6.4 Federal District </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Low - paying occupations , 2006 and 2009 </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 19th century ( edit ) </H3> No business which depends for existence on paying less than living wages to its workers has any right to continue in this country . President Franklin Delano Roosevelt , 1933 <P> Minimum wage legislation emerged at the end of the nineteenth century from the desire to end sweated labor which had developed in the wake of industrialization . Sweatshops employed large numbers of women and young workers , paying them what were considered nonliving wages that did not allow workers to afford the necessaries of life . Besides substandard wages , sweating was also associated with long work hours and unsanitary work conditions . From the 1890s to the 1920s , during the Progressive Era , a time of social activists and political reform across the United States , progressive reformers , women 's organizations , religious figures , academics , and politicians all played an important role in getting state minimum wage laws passed throughout the United States . </P> <P> The first successful attempts at using minimum wage laws to ameliorate the problem of nonliving wages occurred in the Australian state of Victoria in 1896 . Factory inspector reports and newspaper reporting on the conditions of sweated labor in Melbourne , Victoria led in 1895 to the formation of the National Anti-Sweating League which pushed the government aggressively to deal legislatively with the problem of substandard wages . The government , following the recommendation of the Victorian Chief Secretary Alexander Peacock , established wage boards which were tasked with establishing minimum wages in the labor trades which suffered from nonlivable wages . During the same time period , campaigns against sweated labor were occurring in the United States and England . </P> <P> In the United States in 1890 , a group of concerned female reformers who wanted to improve the harsh conditions of sweated workers formed the Consumer 's League of the City of New York . The consumer group sought to improve working conditions by boycotting products which were made under sweated conditions and did not conform to a code of `` fair house '' standards drawn up by them . Similar , consumer leagues formed throughout the United States , and in 1899 , they united under the National Consumer League ( NCL ) parent organization . Consumer advocacy , however , was extremely slow at changing conditions in the sweated industries . When NCL leaders in 1908 went to an international anti-sweatshop conference in Geneva , Switzerland and were introduced to Australian minimum wage legislation , which had successfully dealt with sweated labor , they came home believers and made minimum wage legislation part of their national platform . </P> <H3> 20th century ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1910 , in conjunction with advocacy work led by Florence Kelley of the National Consumer League , the Women 's Trade Union League ( WTLU ) of Massachusetts under the leadership of Elizabeth Evans took up the cause of minimum wage legislation in Massachusetts . Over the next two years , a coalition of social reform groups and labor advocates in Boston pushed for minimum wage legislation in the state . In 1912 , Massachusetts passed the first American minimum wage legislation , which established a state commission for recommending non-compulsory minimum wages for women and children . Within eight years , at least thirteen U.S. states and the District of Columbia would pass minimum wage laws , with pressure being placed on state legislatures by the National Consumers League in a coalition with other women 's voluntary associations and organized labor . The United States Supreme Court of the Lochner era consistently invalidated compulsory minimum wage laws . Advocates for these minimum wage laws hoped that they would be upheld under the precedent of Muller v. Oregon , which upheld maximum working hours laws for women on the grounds that women required special protection that men did not . However , the Court did not extend this principle to minimum wage laws , considering the latter as interfering with the ability of employers to freely negotiate wage contracts with employees . </P> <P> In 1933 , the Roosevelt administration made the first attempt at establishing a national minimum wage , when a $0.25 per hour standard was set as part of the National Industrial Recovery Act . However , in the 1935 court case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States ( 295 U.S. 495 ) , the US Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional , and the minimum wage was abolished . In 1938 , the minimum wage was re-established pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act , once again at $0.25 per hour ( $4.78 in 2017 dollars ) . In 1941 , the Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act in United States v. Darby Lumber Co. , holding that Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions . </P> <P> The 1938 minimum wage law only applied to `` employees engaged in interstate commerce or in the production of goods for interstate commerce , '' but in amendments in 1961 and 1966 , the federal minimum wage was extended ( with slightly different rates ) to employees in large retail and service enterprises , local transportation and construction , state and local government employees , as well as other smaller expansions ; a grandfather clause in 1990 drew most employees into the purview of federal minimum wage policy , which now set the wage at $3.80 . </P> <H3> 21st century ( edit ) </H3> Legislation ( edit ) Play media An opinion video from the Economic Policy Institute about working for the tipped minimum wage of $2.13 per hour . <P> In 2006 , voters in six states ( Arizona , Colorado , Missouri , Montana , Nevada , and Ohio ) approved statewide increases in the state minimum wage . The amounts of these increases ranged from $1 to $1.70 per hour and all increases were designed to annually index to inflation . Some politicians in the United States have advocated linking the minimum wage to the Consumer Price Index , thereby increasing the wage automatically each year based on increases to the Consumer Price Index . So far , Ohio , Oregon , Missouri , Vermont and Washington have linked their minimum wages to the consumer price index . Minimum wage indexing also takes place each year in Florida , San Francisco , California , and Santa Fe , New Mexico . </P> <P> The federal minimum wage in the United States was reset to its current rate of $7.25 per hour in July 2009 . Some U.S. territories ( such as American Samoa ) are exempt . Some types of labor are also exempt : employers may pay tipped labor a minimum of $2.13 per hour , as long as the hour wage plus tip income equals at least the minimum wage . Persons under the age of 20 may be paid $4.25 an hour for the first 90 calendar days of employment ( sometimes known as a youth , teen , or training wage ) unless a higher state minimum exists . The 2009 increase was the last of three steps of the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 , which was signed into law as a rider to the U.S. Troop Readiness , Veterans ' Care , Katrina Recovery , and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act , 2007 , a bill that also contained almost $5 billion in tax cuts for small businesses . </P> Living wage protests ( edit ) <P> Since 2012 , a growing protest and advocacy movement called `` Fight for $15 '' , initially growing out of fast food worker strikes , has advocated for an increase in the minimum wage to a living wage . On March 27 , 2014 , Connecticut passed legislation to raise the minimum wage from $8.70 to $10.10 per hour by 2017 , making it one of about six states to aim at or above $10.00 per hour . In 2014 and 2015 , several cities , including San Francisco , Seattle , Los Angeles , and Washington passed ordinances that gradually increase the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour . In 2016 , New York and California passed legislation that would gradually raise the minimum wage to $15 per hour in each state . </P> <Table> Living wage to cover basic needs in select U.S. cities ( 2016 ) <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Living wage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Orleans </Td> <Td> $14.51 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Houston </Td> <Td> $14.55 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cleveland </Td> <Td> $14.77 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlanta </Td> <Td> $15.43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tampa </Td> <Td> $15.78 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> $15.85 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philadelphia </Td> <Td> $15.98 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boston </Td> <Td> $17.27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles </Td> <Td> $17.70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York City </Td> <Td> $20.08 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> San Francisco </Td> <Td> $20.32 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In April 2014 , the U.S. Senate debated the Minimum Wage Fairness Act ( S. 1737 ; 113th Congress ) . The bill would have amended the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ( FLSA ) to increase the federal minimum wage for employees

The minimum wage was established in the United States in

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Captain America : Civil War - Wikipedia <H1> Captain America : Civil War </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Captain America : Civil War </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Anthony Russo Joe Russo </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Kevin Feige </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Christopher Markus </Li> <Li> Stephen McFeely </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Captain America by <Ul> <Li> Joe Simon </Li> <Li> Jack Kirby </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chris Evans </Li> <Li> Robert Downey Jr . </Li> <Li> Scarlett Johansson </Li> <Li> Sebastian Stan </Li> <Li> Anthony Mackie </Li> <Li> Don Cheadle </Li> <Li> Jeremy Renner </Li> <Li> Chadwick Boseman </Li> <Li> Paul Bettany </Li> <Li> Elizabeth Olsen </Li> <Li> Paul Rudd </Li> <Li> Emily VanCamp </Li> <Li> Tom Holland </Li> <Li> Frank Grillo </Li> <Li> William Hurt </Li> <Li> Daniel Brühl </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Henry Jackman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Trent Opaloch </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jeffrey Ford </Li> <Li> Matthew Schmidt </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Marvel Studios </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> April 12 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 12 ) ( Dolby Theatre ) </Li> <Li> May 6 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 06 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 147 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $250 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $1.153 billion </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Captain America : Civil War is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sequel to 2011 's Captain America : The First Avenger and 2014 's Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and the thirteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) . The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo , with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely , and features an ensemble cast , including Chris Evans , Robert Downey Jr. , Scarlett Johansson , Sebastian Stan , Anthony Mackie , Don Cheadle , Jeremy Renner , Chadwick Boseman , Paul Bettany , Elizabeth Olsen , Paul Rudd , Emily VanCamp , Tom Holland , Frank Grillo , William Hurt , and Daniel Brühl . In Captain America : Civil War , disagreement over international oversight of the Avengers fractures them into opposing factions -- one led by Steve Rogers and the other by Tony Stark . </P> <P> Development of Civil War began in late 2013 when Markus and McFeely began writing the screenplay , which borrows concepts from the 2006 comic book storyline `` Civil War '' , while also focusing on story and character elements from the previous Captain America films to conclude the trilogy . Following positive reactions to test screenings of The Winter Soldier , the Russo brothers were brought back to direct in early 2014 . The film 's title and premise were revealed in October 2014 , along with Downey 's casting ; additional cast members joined in the following months . Principal photography began in April 2015 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County , Georgia , and continued in the Metro Atlanta area before concluding in Germany in August 2015 , with the film being the first to use IMAX 's digital 2D cameras ( for the film 's central airport fight sequence ) . Visual effects were provided by nearly 20 different studios during the post-production process . </P> <P> Captain America : Civil War held its world premiere in Los Angeles on April 12 , 2016 , and was released in the United States on May 6 , 2016 , in 3D and IMAX 3D . The film became a critical and commercial success , grossing over $1.1 billion worldwide , making it the highest - grossing film of 2016 and , at the time , the 12th - highest - grossing film ever . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Pre-production </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.4 Post-production <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Visual effects </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Marketing <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 Merchandise </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.2 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Box office <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 United States and Canada </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 Other territories </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Future </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1991 , the brainwashed super-soldier James `` Bucky '' Barnes is dispatched from a Hydra base in Siberia to intercept an automobile carrying a case of super-soldier serum . In the present day , approximately one year after Ultron 's defeat in the nation of Sokovia at the hands of the Avengers , Steve Rogers , Natasha Romanoff , Sam Wilson , and Wanda Maximoff stop Brock Rumlow from stealing a biological weapon from a lab in Lagos . Rumlow blows himself up , hoping to kill Rogers . When Maximoff throws the explosion into the sky with telekinesis , it damages a nearby building , killing several Wakandan humanitarian workers . </P> <P> U.S. Secretary of State Thaddeus Ross informs the Avengers that the United Nations ( UN ) is preparing to pass the Sokovia Accords , which will establish a UN panel to oversee and control the team . The Avengers are divided : Tony Stark supports oversight because of his role in Ultron 's creation and Sokovia 's devastation , while Rogers has more faith in his own judgment than that of a government . Helmut Zemo tracks down and kills Barnes ' old Hydra handler , stealing a book containing the trigger words that activate Barnes ' brainwashing . At a conference in Vienna where the Accords are to be ratified , a bomb kills King T'Chaka of Wakanda . Security footage indicates the bomber is Barnes , whom T'Chaka's son , T'Challa , vows to kill . Informed by Sharon Carter of Barnes ' whereabouts and the authorities ' intentions to kill him , Rogers decides to try to bring in Barnes -- his childhood friend and war comrade -- himself . Rogers and Wilson track Barnes to Bucharest and attempt to protect him from T'Challa and the authorities , but all four , including T'Challa , are apprehended . </P> <P> Impersonating a psychiatrist sent to interview Barnes , Zemo recites the words to make Barnes obey him . He questions Barnes , then sends him on a rampage to cover his own escape . Rogers stops Barnes and sneaks him away . When Barnes regains his senses , he explains that Zemo is the real Vienna bomber and wanted the location of the Siberian Hydra base , where other brainwashed `` Winter Soldiers '' are kept in cryogenic stasis . Unwilling to wait for authorization to apprehend Zemo , Rogers and Wilson go rogue , and recruit Maximoff , Clint Barton , and Scott Lang to their cause . With Ross 's permission , Stark assembles a team composed of Romanoff , T'Challa , James Rhodes , Vision , and Peter Parker to capture the renegades . Stark 's team intercepts Rogers ' group at Leipzig / Halle Airport , where they fight until Romanoff allows Rogers and Barnes to escape . The rest of Rogers ' team is captured and detained at the Raft prison , while Rhodes is partially paralyzed after being inadvertently shot down by Vision , and Romanoff goes into exile . </P> <P> Stark discovers evidence that Barnes was framed by Zemo and convinces Wilson to give him Rogers ' destination . Without informing Ross , Stark goes to the Siberian Hydra facility and reconciles with Rogers and Barnes , unaware that they were secretly followed by T'Challa . They find that the other super-soldiers have been killed by Zemo , who then shows them footage that reveals that the automobile Barnes had intercepted in 1991 contained Stark 's parents , whom Barnes subsequently killed . Enraged and vengeful against that Rogers kept this from him , Stark engages them both in a fight , blasting Barnes ' metal arm off and almost killing Rogers . But finally , Rogers uses his shield to damage Stark 's armor by destroying the powersource and departs with Barnes , leaving his shield behind . Satisfied that he got Stark and Rogers to fight each other , Zemo attempts suicide , but T'Challa stops him and takes him to the authorities . </P> <P> In the aftermath , Stark provides Rhodes with exoskeletal leg braces that allow him to walk again , while Rogers breaks his allies out of the Raft . In a mid-credits scene , Barnes , granted asylum in Wakanda , chooses to return to cryogenic sleep until a cure for his brainwashing is found . In a post-credits scene , Parker tests a new gadget built by Stark . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> ( L-R ) Nate Moore , Kevin Feige , the Russo brothers , Paul Bettany , Daniel Brühl , Robert Downey , Jr. , Chris Evans , Tom Holland , Paul Rudd , Elizabeth Olsen , Jeremy Renner , Anthony Mackie , Sebastian Stan , and Emily VanCamp at the London premiere <Ul> <Li> Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America : The leader of a faction of Avengers against regulation ; a World War II veteran who was enhanced to the peak of human physicality and frozen in suspended animation , before waking up in the modern world . Director Anthony Russo described Captain America 's character arc in the film as taking `` him from the most ra - ra company man '' to someone who is `` a somewhat willing propagandist '' to `` an insurgent '' at the end of the film . Unlike the comics ' Civil War , the film was never going to kill Rogers , as the directors thought that was `` an easy ending ... The more difficult and more interesting place to leave a family fight is : can these important relationships ever be repaired ? Is this family broken permanently ? '' Evans ' training regimen to get in shape for the role included weight lifting , which consisted of `` the classic bodyweight and bodybuilding stuff '' , gymnastics and plyometrics , while staying away from cardio - based exercises , along with a high - protein diet . His costume in the film received `` subtle changes to all the details and cut '' as well as its color , becoming a combination of the stealth suit from Winter Soldier and the Avengers : Age of Ultron suit . </Li> <Li> Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man : The leader of a faction of Avengers in support of regulation ; a self - described genius , billionaire , playboy , and philanthropist with electromechanical suits of armor of his own invention . Anthony Russo said that Stark 's egomania allowed the writers `` to bring him to a point in his life where he was willing to submit to an authority , where he felt it was the right thing to do . '' Joe Russo added that because of the visions Stark saw in Age

Captain America: Civil War takes place

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certified Gold by the RIAA . Spektor received increased attention when her video for `` Fidelity '' was viewed over 200,000 times in two days on YouTube . Spektor 's 2006 headlining tour in support of the Begin to Hope album included back - to - back hometown shows at Town Hall Theater in New York City on September 27 and September 28 , 2006 . This tour was Spektor 's first to feature a full backing band . </P> Spektor performing in Brighton on October 26 , 2006 <P> Listeners of Sirius Radio 's Left of Center channel voted her single `` Fidelity '' as the No. 1 song of 2006 . Towards the end of 2006 , VH1 showcased her as part of their `` You Oughta Know : Artists on the Rise '' featurettes , playing clips from the `` Fidelity '' music video and showing parts of an interview with Spektor during commercial breaks on the channel . Spektor 's video for `` Fidelity '' reached No. 3 on VH1 's Top 20 Countdown . Spektor reached No. 33 on Blender magazine 's top 100 of 2006 and was also listed as one of the `` Hottest Women of ... Rock ! '' . On January 21 , 2007 , she was given an extensive feature on CBS News Sunday Morning which showcased her musical beginnings and growing popularity . </P> <P> In 2007 , Spektor began performing at several major music festivals including Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival , Bonnaroo Music Festival , Lollapalooza , Virgin Festival and Austin City Limits Music Festival . On October 1 , 2007 , her video for `` Better '' was released on VH1 and YouTube , where it was viewed more than 100,000 times within the first 24 hours . Spektor performed acoustic at Neil Young 's Bridge School Benefit at Shoreline Amphitheatre on October 27 , 2007 . </P> <P> On November 14 , 2007 , at her concert at Ryman Auditorium in Nashville , Spektor collapsed during the sound check and was taken to a local emergency room . According to the statement given to the audience , Spektor was fine , but doctors said that she could not perform that night . It was later reported that the cause of the collapse was an inner ear infection which caused intense vertigo . The show was initially rescheduled for December 6 , 2007 , but the date was once again rescheduled , and the concert finally occurred on February 29 , 2008 . After her initial collapse in Nashville , she was able to perform in concerts at Mountain Stage , in West Virginia , on November 18 , 2007 ( the concert was aired in September 2008 ) , and at Duke University on November 19 , 2007 . </P> <P> Spektor wrote the song `` The Call '' for the 2008 film The Chronicles of Narnia : Prince Caspian , which appeared prominently in the film 's finale sequence . She then appeared as a guest vocalist on `` You Do n't Know Me '' , a single from Ben Folds ' 2008 album , `` Way to Normal '' . In promotion for the single , the duo performed the song together on several late - night talk shows . </P> <H3> 2009 -- 12 : Far ( edit ) </H3> <P> Spektor 's fifth album Far was released June 23 , 2009 . For the record she worked with four producers : David Kahne ( who had previously worked with Spektor on Begin to Hope ) , Mike Elizondo , Jacknife Lee and Jeff Lynne . The record sold 50,000 copies in its first week , entering the US Billboard 200 at number three ; the record remained on the chart for 19 weeks . The album peaked at number 30 and 16 in the UK and Canada , respectively . She then headlined at Serpentine Sessions , a series of concerts at London 's Hyde Park on June 29 , 2009 . Other European performances in 2009 include Glastonbury Festival , Hultsfred Festival , Oxegen 2009 , T in the Park , Paradiso , Latitude Festival , and Rock Werchter . Spektor invited Brooklyn - based rock band Jupiter One to open concerts on her 2009 North American tour . As a part of that tour , on October 14 , 2009 , Spektor headlined a concert at the Radio City Music Hall in NYC . On September 16 , 2009 , it was announced that Spektor would write the music for the musical Beauty , a modern adaptation of the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty , which was initially set to open during the 2011 -- 12 Broadway season . Regina made her Saturday Night Live debut on October 10 , 2009 , performing `` Eet '' and `` The Calculation '' off of Far . </P> <P> In May 2010 , Spektor performed for President Obama and his wife Michelle along with hundreds of other guests at the White House reception in honor of Jewish Heritage Month . She performed `` Us '' and `` The Sword & the Pen '' . </P> <H3> 2012 -- 16 : What We Saw from the Cheap Seats ( edit ) </H3> <P> Spektor 's sixth album , What We Saw from the Cheap Seats was released May 29 , 2012 . Like her previous album , it debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 . Promotional appearances for the record included Spektor appearing on the June 7 , 2012 episode of The Colbert Report where she performed `` Small Town Moon '' as well as `` Ballad of a Politician '' as online bonus content . Her world tour in support of What We Saw from the Cheap Seats included a performance in Moscow ; Spektor had not yet returned since fleeing with her family in 1989 . </P> <P> In 2012 , Spektor was christened an official `` Steinway Artist '' ; she plays Steinway & Sons pianos almost exclusively . </P> <P> Spektor wrote and recorded the main title theme song , `` You 've Got Time '' , for the Netflix Original series Orange Is the New Black , which premiered in July 2013 . It was nominated in the Best Song Written for Visual Media category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards . </P> <H3> 2016 -- present : Remember Us to Life ( edit ) </H3> <P> Spektor announced her seventh album , Remember Us to Life on July 21 , 2016 through her email newsletter . The album was released on September 30 , 2016 . The first single , `` Bleeding Heart '' , was released July 22 , 2016 . The follow - up single , `` Small Bill $ '' , was released August 11 , 2016 . Regina Spektor performed George Harrison 's `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' , released August 5 , 2016 , for the film Kubo and the Two Strings . </P> <P> In 2016 , Spektor was one of the artists featured on The Hamilton Mixtape ; she sings a remix of `` Dear Theodosia '' with Ben Folds . </P> <P> In 2017 , Spektor was featured as a guest singer on the title track to Gypsy - punk band Gogol Bordello 's studio album , Seekers and Finders . </P> <H2> Voice and style ( edit ) </H2> Spektor in concert , February 2006 <P> Spektor 's primary instrument is the piano though she plays the guitar as a secondary instrument , primarily playing on a seafoam Epiphone Wildkat archtop hollow - body electric guitar for live performances . Spektor has said that she has created a great number of songs but rarely writes any of them down . Spektor 's songs are not usually autobiographical but are based on scenarios and characters drawn from her imagination . Her songs show influences from folk , punk , rock , Jewish , Russian , hip hop , jazz , and classical music . Spektor has said that she works hard to ensure that each of her songs has its own musical style , rather than trying to develop a distinctive style for her music as a whole : </P> <P> `` It does n't feel natural for me to write some diary type song . I want to write a classic like Yesterday but weird songs about meatballs in refrigerators come into my head -- I ca n't help it . '' </P> <P> Spektor performs using a broad vocal range , with a falsetto extension , but without any apparent break . She explores a variety of different and somewhat unorthodox vocal techniques , such as verses composed entirely of buzzing noises made with the lips and beatbox - style flourishes in the middle of ballads , and also makes use of such unusual musical techniques as using a drum stick to tap rhythms on the body of a chair . Part of her style also results from the exaggeration of certain aspects of vocalization , most notably the glottal stop , prominent in the single `` Fidelity '' . She also uses a strong New York accent on some words , which she has said is due to her love of New York and its culture . </P> <P> Her lyrics are equally eclectic , often taking the form of abstract narratives or first - person character studies , similar to short stories or vignettes put to song . Spektor usually sings in English , though she sometimes includes a few words or verses of Latin , Russian , French , and other languages in her songs . She also plays with pronunciations , which she said on a NPR interview to be a remnant of her early years when she listened to pop in English without understanding the lyrics . Some of Spektor 's lyrics include literary allusions , such as : F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway in `` Poor Little Rich Boy '' ; The Little Prince in `` Baobabs '' ; Virginia Woolf and Margaret Atwood in `` Paris '' ; Ezra Pound and William Shakespeare in `` Pound of Flesh '' , Boris Pasternak in `` Après Moi '' ; Samson and Delilah in `` Samson '' ; Oedipus Rex in `` Oedipus '' ; Edith Wharton 's Ethan Frome in `` 2.99 ¢ Blues '' . Recurring themes and topics in Spektor 's lyrics include love , death , religion ( particularly Biblical and Jewish references ) , city life ( particularly New York references ) , and certain key phrases which recur in different songs , such as references to gravediggers , the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and the name `` Mary Ann '' . Spektor 's use of satire is evident in `` Wasteside '' , which refers to The Twelve Chairs , the classic satirical novel by the Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov , and describes the town in which people are born , get their hair cut , and then are sent to the cemetery . </P> <P> Spektor 's first , self - released album , 11 : 11 , was recorded and self - released while she was still in college . The album differs from Spektor 's later releases as she was heavily influenced by blues and jazz at the time of its recording . Her second album , Songs , was recorded on Christmas Day , 2001 . Each song was recorded with just one take and is entirely acoustic . The session from which the album was derived was not originally intended as an album recording session . Her third album , Soviet Kitsch , featured strings on several songs and was her first to feature a full rock band . Upon signing with a major label which in turn provided a bigger budget for production and studio time , Spektor 's albums began to put more emphasis into song production and feature more prominent use of traditional pop and rock instruments . </P> <P> Spektor says the records that most

The theme tune to Orange is the New Black is sung by Regina

Who sings theme tune to orange is the new black?

-4234103220698127642

Regulatory Reform ( Fire Safety ) Order 2005 - wikipedia <H1> Regulatory Reform ( Fire Safety ) Order 2005 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The Regulatory Reform ( Fire Safety ) Order 2005 ( officially listed as The Regulatory Reform ( Fire Safety ) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541 ) is a statutory instrument , applicable only in England and Wales . The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify , manage and reduce the risk of fire . The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on 1 October 2006 . </P> <P> Guidance for Businesses and Organisation is available in the form of 16 Government Published documents , with general guidance , a 5 - Step Checklist and 12 documents pertaining specifically to a particular type of business premises . It does not normally apply to domestic premises . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Guides </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Guides ( edit ) </H2> <P> The guides available are </P> <Ul> <Li> Do you have paying guests ? </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : animal premises and stables </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : means of escape for disabled people </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : open - air events and venues </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : transport premises and facilities </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : healthcare premises </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : residential care premises </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : theatres , cinemas and similar premises </Li> <Li> Making your premises safe from fire </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : 5 - step checklist </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : factories and warehouses </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : large places of assembly </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : small and medium places of assembly </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : educational premises </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : sleeping accommodation </Li> <Li> Fire safety risk assessment : offices and shops </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Fire services in the United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ The Regulatory Reform ( Fire Safety ) Order 2005 , England & Wales Retrieved on 20 March 2014 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Regulatory Reform ( Fire Safety ) Order 2005 , England & Wales Retrieved on 20 march 2014 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fire safety law and guidance documents for business Retrieved on 20 march 2014 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Regulatory Reform ( Fire Safety ) Order 2005 </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regulatory_Reform_(Fire_Safety)_Order_2005&oldid=636696481 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Fire and rescue in the United Kingdom </Li> <Li> Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 2005 in British law </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 5 December 2014 , at 01 : 52 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 first came into effect on

When did the the regulatory reform (fire safety) order 2005 first come into effect?

-1045095421340178958

Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man - wikipedia <H1> Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Travis Tritt </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album T-R-O-U-B-L-E </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man '' ( album version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 10 , 1992 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 55 ( album version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Nashville </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Kostas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Gregg Brown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Travis Tritt singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Nothing Short of Dying '' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> `` Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man '' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> `` Can I Trust You with My Heart '' ( 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Nothing Short of Dying '' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> ' `` Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man '' ' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> `` Can I Trust You with My Heart '' ( 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man '' is a song written by Kostas and recorded by American country music singer Travis Tritt . It was released in August 1992 as the first of five singles from his third studio album , T-R-O-U-B-L-E . The song became Tritt 's tenth entry on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks ( now Hot Country Songs ) charts , where it peaked at number 5 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Content </Li> <Li> 2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 3 Music video </Li> <Li> 4 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Content ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man '' is a moderate up - tempo whose lyrics centralize on a theme of economic injustice towards blue collar workers . </P> <P> The instrumentation features various forms of percussion from Sam Bacco , including crotales , wobble board , spoons and a broom . Richard Bennett and Wendell Cox play guitar solos before the third verse , and Brooks & Dunn , T. Graham Brown , George Jones , Little Texas , Dana McVicker , Tanya Tucker and Porter Wagoner all sing background vocals on the final chorus . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> Teresa M. Walker , in her review for the Gainesville Sun , said that with the assistance from superstars on the final chorus , the song `` should shoot up the charts . '' Dave Larsen of the Dayton Daily News cited it as one of the stronger tracks on the album , saying that the album `` works best when Tritt sticks with the populist approach . '' Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly said of the song , `` Tritt finds a solid image for his laborer 's lament ( ... ) But the melody is so slight that he resorts to an acoustic arrangement that evokes Jimmie Rodgers and the young Roy Acuff . '' Deborah Evans Price , of Billboard magazine gave the song a mixed review , saying that while the final chorus of song features famous country artists , it was too bad that the entire song is n't as strong as the last verse . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jack Cole directed the song 's music video . In the book Country Music Culture : From Hard Times to Heaven , Curtis W. Ellison wrote that the song 's music video `` confronted a litany of personal oppressions attributed to government policy '' that coincided with Bill Clinton 's presidential campaign . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man '' spent 20 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks ( now Hot Country Songs ) charts in 1992 , peaking at number 5 . The song also reached number 10 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks charts . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1992 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : T-R-O-U-B-L-E ( cassette insert ) . Travis Tritt . Warner Bros. Records . 1992 . 45048 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hurst , Jack ( 13 August 1992 ) . `` Satellite show Travis Tritt to launch new album from Park West '' . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 28 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Whitburn , Joel ( 2006 ) . The Billboard Book of Top 40 Country Hits ( 2 ed . ) . Billboard Books . p. 353 . ISBN 0 - 8230 - 8291 - 1 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Walker , Teresa M. ( 4 September 1992 ) . `` Travis Tritt 's rockin ' country '' . Gainesville Sun . Archived from the original on 12 July 2012 . Retrieved 28 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Larsen , Dave ( 18 September 1992 ) . `` Recordings on review '' . Dayton Daily News . Retrieved 28 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nash , Alanna ( 4 September 1992 ) . `` T-R-O-U-B-L-E in mind '' . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 28 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Billboard , August 15 , 1992 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ellison , Curtis W. ( 1995 ) . Country Music Culture : From Hard Times to Heaven . Univ . Press of Mississippi . p. 233 . ISBN 0 - 87805 - 722 - 6 . Retrieved 28 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Country Tracks : Issue 1864 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . November 28 , 1992 . Retrieved August 15 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Travis Tritt Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Travis Tritt singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country Club </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Country Club '' </Li> <Li> `` Help Me Hold On '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'm Gonna Be Somebody '' </Li> <Li> `` Put Some Drive in Your Country '' </Li> <Li> `` Drift Off to Dream '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> It 's All About to Change </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Here 's a Quarter ( Call Someone Who Cares ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Anymore '' </Li> <Li> `` The Whiskey Ai n't Workin ' '' ( With Marty Stuart ) </Li> <Li> `` Nothing Short of Dying '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> T-R-O-U-B-L-E </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man '' </Li> <Li> `` Can I Trust You with My Heart '' </Li> <Li> `` T-R-O-U-B-L-E '' </Li> <Li> `` Looking Out for Number One '' </Li> <Li> `` Worth Every Mile '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Foolish Pride '' </Li> <Li> `` Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof '' </Li> <Li> `` Between an Old Memory and Me '' </Li> <Li> `` Tell Me I Was Dreaming '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Greatest Hits : From the Beginning </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Sometimes She Forgets '' </Li> <Li> `` Only You ( And You Alone ) '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Restless Kind </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` More Than You 'll Ever Know '' </Li> <Li> `` Where Corn Do n't Grow '' </Li> <Li> `` She 's Going Home with Me '' </Li> <Li> `` Helping Me Get Over You '' ( With Lari White ) </Li> <Li> `` Still in Love with You '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No More Looking over My Shoulder </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` If I Lost You '' </Li> <Li> `` No More Looking Over My Shoulder '' </Li> <Li> `` Start the Car '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Down the Road I Go </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Best of Intentions '' </Li> <Li> `` It 's a Great Day to Be Alive '' </Li> <Li> `` Love of a Woman '' </Li> <Li> `` Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Strong Enough </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Strong Enough to Be Your Man '' </Li> <Li> `` Country Ai n't Country '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> My Honky Tonk History </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` The Girl 's Gone Wild '' </Li> <Li> `` What Say You '' ( with John Mellencamp ) </Li> <Li> `` I See Me '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Storm </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` You Never Take Me Dancing '' </Li> <Li> `` Something Stronger Than Me '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Calm After ... </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Sometimes Love Just Ai n't Enough '' ( With Tyler Reese ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other songs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` This One 's Gonna Hurt You ( For a Long , Long Time ) '' ( with Marty Stuart ) </Li> <Li> `` Take It Easy '' </Li> <Li> `` The Devil Comes Back to Georgia '' ( With Mark O'Connor , Charlie Daniels , Johnny Cash , and Marty Stuart ) </Li> <Li> `` Honky Tonkin 's What I Do Best '' ( With Marty Stuart ) </Li> <Li> `` Hope '' </Li> <Li> `` Here 's Your Sign ( Get the Picture ) '' ( With Bill Engvall ) </Li> <Li> `` Same Old Train '' </Li> <Li> `` Out of Control Raging Fire '' ( with Patty Loveless ) </Li> <Li> `` Southern Boy '' ( with Charlie Daniels ) </Li> <Li> `` Bible Belt '' ( with Little Feat ) </Li> <Li> `` Move It On Over '' </Li> <Li> `` Lonesome , On'ry and Mean '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_Have_Mercy_on_the_Working_Man&oldid=789364103 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1992 singles </Li> <Li> Travis Tritt songs </Li> <Li> Songs written by Kostas ( songwriter ) </Li> <Li> Warner Bros. Records singles </Li> <Li> 1992 songs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Canadacountry </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without artist </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without song </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardcountrysongs </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 6 July 2017 , at 22 : 41 . </Li> <Li> Text

The song "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man" was written by

Who wrote lord have mercy on the working man?

970985133701043298

List of United States federal legislation - wikipedia <H1> List of United States federal legislation </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( April 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> See also : Category : United States federal legislation <P> This is a chronological , but still incomplete , list of United States federal legislation . Congress has enacted approximately 200 -- 600 statutes during each of its 115 biennial terms , so that more than 20,000 statutes have been enacted since 1789 . </P> <P> At the federal level in the United States , legislation ( i.e. , `` statutes '' or `` statutory law '' ) consists exclusively of Acts passed by the Congress of the United States and its predecessor , the Continental Congress , that were either signed into law by the President or passed by Congress after a presidential veto . </P> <P> Legislation is not the only source of regulations with the force of law . However , most executive branch and Judicial Branch regulations must originate in a congressional grant of power . See also : Executive orders of the President ; regulations of Executive branch departments and administrative agencies ; and the procedural rules of the federal courts . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Publication of the law <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Statutes at Large ( Stat . ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Sessions ( Sess . ) and Chapters ( ch . ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Public laws </Li> <Li> 1.4 Examples </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Congress of the Confederation </Li> <Li> 3 United States Congress <Ul> <Li> 3.1 1789 to 1901 : 1st through 56th Congresses </Li> <Li> 3.2 1901 to 2001 : 57th through 106th Congresses </Li> <Li> 3.3 2001 to present : 107th and subsequent Congresses </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 Sources </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Publication of the law ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Statutes at Large ( Stat. . ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> Acts of Congress are published in the United States Statutes at Large . Volumes 1 through 18 , which have all the statutes passed from 1789 to 1875 , are available on - line at the Library of Congress , here . In the list below , statutes are listed by X Stat . Y , where X is the volume of the Statutes at Large and Y is the page number , as well as either the chapter or Public Law number . See examples below . </P> <H3> Sessions ( Sess. . ) and Chapters ( ch. . ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> Each Congress has two to four sessions . Under the numbering system used from 1789 until 1957 , the Acts in each session are numbered sequentially as Chapters . This numbering included both laws applicable to the general public and laws relating to specific individuals , e.g. , to grant pensions to disabled veterans . </P> <H3> Public laws ( edit ) </H3> <P> Since 1957 , Acts of Congress related to the general public have been designated in the form : Public Law X-Y where X is the number of the ordinal Congress and Y is the number of the chronological order of the public Act in that Congress . This numbering is continuous across sessions of Congress and does not include acts relating to individuals , which are analogously given Private Law X-Y designations . ( From 1901 to 1957 , the Statutes at Large listed both a chapter and a Public / Private number for each act ) See examples below. There are many laws . </P> <H3> Examples ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> The Militia Act of 1862 of July 17 , 1862 , Sess. 2 , ch. 201 , was the 201st Act of the second session of the 37th Congress . </Li> <Li> The National Banking Act of February 25 , 1863 , Sess. 3 , ch. 58 , was the 58th Act of the third session of the 37th Congress . </Li> <Li> The Global Anti-Semitism Review Act of 2004 of October 16 , 2004 , Pub. L. 108 -- 332 , 118 Stat. 1282 , was the 332nd Act of Congress ( statute ) passed in the 108th Congress . It can be found in volume 118 of the U.S. Statutes at Large , starting at page 1282 . </Li> <Li> The Help America Vote Act of October 29 , 2002 , Pub. L. 107 -- 252 , 116 Stat. 1666 , was the 252nd Act of the 107th Congress . It can be found in volume 116 of the U.S. Statutes at Large , starting at page 1666 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Congress of the Confederation ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Congress of the Confederation <Ul> <Li> September 22 , 1783 : Confederation Congress Proclamation of 1783 </Li> <Li> April 23 , 1784 : Land Ordinance of 1784 </Li> <Li> May 21 , 1785 : Land Ordinance of 1785 </Li> <Li> July 13 , 1787 : Ordinance of 1787 : The Northwest Territorial Government ( `` Northwest Ordinance '' ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> United States Congress ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 1789 to 1901 : 1st through 56th Congresses ( edit ) </H3> Main article : List of United States federal legislation , 1789 - 1901 <H3> 1901 to 2001 : 57th through 106th Congresses ( edit ) </H3> Main article : List of United States federal legislation , 1901 - 2001 <H3> 2001 to present : 107th and subsequent Congresses ( edit ) </H3> Main article : List of United States federal legislation , 2001 - present <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Authorization bill </Li> <Li> Appropriations bill ( United States ) </Li> <Li> List of sources of law in the United States </Li> <Li> List of Uniform Acts ( United States ) </Li> <Li> Lists by subject <Ul> <Li> Agriculture : United States Department of Agriculture # Related legislation </Li> <Li> Civil Rights : Civil Rights Act ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Defense : United States Department of Defense # Related legislation </Li> <Li> Drugs : Office of National Drug Control Policy # Legislation and executive orders </Li> <Li> Energy : United States Department of Energy # Related legislation and Energy law # Federal laws </Li> <Li> Health and Human Services : United States Department of Health and Human Services # Related legislation </Li> <Li> Judiciary : Judiciary Act ( disambiguation ) </Li> <Li> Labor : United States Department of Labor # Related legislation </Li> <Li> Slavery : Slave Trade Acts </Li> <Li> Social Security : List of Social Security legislation ( United States ) </Li> <Li> Taxation : List of tariffs , Template : US tax acts , and Category : United States federal taxation legislation </Li> <Li> Transportation : United States Department of Transportation # Related legislation </Li> <Li> Veterans Affairs : United States Department of Veterans Affairs # Related legislation </Li> <Li> Water Resources , Navigation , Environmental Regulation : United States Army Corps of Engineers # Public Laws affecting the Corps of Engineers ( partial ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Sources ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Acts listed by popular name , via Cornell University </Li> <Li> Statutes at Large <Ul> <Li> Volumes 1 through 18 , 1789 -- 1875 , via Library of Congress </Li> <Li> Volumes 19 through 64 , 1875 - 1950 , via Library of Congress </Li> <Li> Volumes 65 through 125 , 1951 - 2011 , via Government Publishing Office </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Public laws <Ul> <Li> 93rd Congress through current Congress , via Congress.gov </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> U.S. Code <Ul> <Li> U.S. Code , via Law Revision Counsel of the U.S. House of Representatives </Li> <Li> U.S. Code , via Cornell University </Li> <Li> U.S. Code , via the U.S. Government Publishing Office </Li> <Li> U.S. Code , via FindLaw.com </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Brian K. Landsberg ( ed ) , Major Acts of Congress . MacMillan Reference Books ( December 2003 ) ISBN 0 - 02 - 865749 - 7 </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ See , e.g. , Act of Aug. 11 , 1790 , ch. 44 , 6 Stat. 3 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ About Bills , Resolutions , and Laws </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> United States Congress </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> House of Representatives </Li> <Li> Senate </Li> <Li> ( 114th ← 115th → 116th ) </Li> <Li> Lists of congressional lists </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Members and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Members </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Current </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> By length of service </Li> <Li> Freshmen </Li> <Li> Youngest members </Li> <Li> Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico </Li> <Li> Delegates </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Senate </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Current <Ul> <Li> by seniority </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Dean of the Senate </Li> <Li> Former U.S. Senators <Ul> <Li> living </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Earliest serving </Li> <Li> Earliest living </Li> <Li> Expelled or censured </Li> <Li> Classes </Li> <Li> Born outside the U.S. </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> House </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Current <Ul> <Li> by seniority </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Dean of the House </Li> <Li> Former U.S. Representatives <Ul> <Li> living </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Oldest living </Li> <Li> Earliest serving </Li> <Li> Expelled , censured , and reprimanded </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leaders </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Senate </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> President ( list ) </Li> <Li> President pro tempore ( list ) </Li> <Li> Majority and minority leaders </Li> <Li> Assistant party leaders </Li> <Li> Democratic Caucus ( Chair </Li> <Li> Secretary </Li> <Li> Policy Committee Chair ) </Li> <Li> Republican Conference ( Chair </Li> <Li> Vice-Chair </Li> <Li> Policy Committee Chair ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> House </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Speaker </Li> <Li> Leaders </Li> <Li> Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group </Li> <Li> Democratic Caucus </Li> <Li> Republican Conference </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Districts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> List </Li> <Li> Apportionment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Caucuses , women and minorities </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Congressional caucus </Li> <Li> African Americans in the House <Ul> <Li> Congressional Black Caucus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> African Americans in the Senate </Li> <Li> Arab and Middle - Eastern members </Li> <Li> Asian Pacific American members <Ul> <Li> Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Hispanic and Latino members <Ul> <Li> Congressional Hispanic Caucus </Li> <Li> Congressional Hispanic Conference </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Jewish members </Li> <Li> LGBT members <Ul> <Li> LGBT Equality Caucus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Native American members </Li> <Li> Women in the House <Ul> <Li> Congressional Caucus for Women 's Issues </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Women in the Senate </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> By length of service historically </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Powers , privileges , procedure , committees , history , and media </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Powers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Article I </Li> <Li> Copyright </Li> <Li> Commerce ( Dormant ) </Li> <Li> Contempt of Congress </Li> <Li> Declaration of war </Li> <Li> Impeachment </Li> <Li> Naturalization </Li> <Li> `` Necessary and Proper '' </Li> <Li> Power of enforcement </Li> <Li> Taxing / spending </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Privileges and benefits </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Salaries </Li> <Li> Franking </Li> <Li> Immunity </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Procedure </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Act of Congress ( list ) </Li> <Li> Appropriation bill </Li> <Li> Blue slip </Li>

A legislative act passed by Congress is an example of

A legislative act passed by congress is an example of?

-4206190509773458361

Large denominations of United States currency - wikipedia <H1> Large denominations of United States currency </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969 . Since then , U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations : $1 , $2 , $5 , $10 , $20 , $50 , and $100 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview and history </Li> <Li> 2 Public versus institutional use </Li> <Li> 3 Passive retirement </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 High - denomination ( HD ) banknote issuing data </Li> <Li> 6 High - denomination United States banknotes </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 8.2 Notes </Li> <Li> 8.3 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview and history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Large - denomination currency ( i.e. , banknotes with a face value of $500 or higher ) had been used in the United States since the late 18th century . The first $500 note was issued by the Province of North Carolina , authorized by legislation dated May 10 , 1780 . Virginia quickly followed suit and authorized the printing of $500 and $1,000 notes on October 16 , 1780 and $2,000 notes on May 7 , 1781 . High - denomination treasury notes were issued , for example during the War of 1812 ( $1,000 notes authorized by an act dated June 30 , 1812 ) . During the American Civil War Confederate currency included $500 and $1,000 notes . During the Federal banknote issuing period ( 1861 to present ) , the earliest high - denomination notes included three - year Interest - bearing notes of $500 , $1,000 , and $5,000 , authorized by Congress on July 17 , 1861 . In total , 11 different types of U.S. currency were issued in high - denomination notes across nearly 20 different series dates . The obverse of United States banknotes generally depict either historical figures , allegorical figures symbolizing significant concepts ( e.g. , liberty , justice ) , or a combination of both . The reverse designs range from abstract scroll - work with ornate denomination identifiers to reproductions of historical art works . </P> <H2> Public versus institutional use ( edit ) </H2> <P> Series 1934 gold certificates ( $100 , $1,000 , $10,000 and $100,000 ) were issued after the gold standard was repealed and gold was compulsorily confiscated by order of President Franklin Roosevelt on March 9 , 1933 ( see United States Executive Order 6102 ) . Thus the series 1934 notes were used only for intragovernmental ( i.e. , Federal Reserve Bank ) transactions and were not issued to the public . This series was discontinued in 1940 . The series 1928 gold certificate reverse was printed in black and green . See history of the United States dollar . </P> <H2> Passive retirement ( edit ) </H2> <P> Although they are still legal tender in the United States , high - denomination bills were last printed on December 27 , 1945 , and officially discontinued on July 14 , 1969 , by the Federal Reserve System , due to ' lack of use ' . The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then . </P> <P> The Federal Reserve began taking high - denomination currency out of circulation ( destroying large bills received by banks ) in 1969 . As of May 30 , 2009 , only 336 $10,000 bills were known to exist ; 342 remaining $5,000 bills ; and 165,372 remaining $1,000 bills . Due to their rarity , collectors often pay considerably more than the face value of the bills to acquire them . Some are in museums in other parts of the world . </P> <P> For the most part , these bills were used by banks and the Federal government for large financial transactions . This was especially true for gold certificates from 1865 to 1934 . However , for the most part , the introduction of an electronic money system has made large - scale cash transactions obsolete . When combined with concerns about counterfeiting and the use of cash in unlawful activities such as the illegal drug trade and money laundering , it is unlikely that the U.S. government will re-issue large denomination currency in the near future , despite the amount of inflation that has occurred since 1969 ( a $500 bill is now worth less , in real terms , than a $100 bill was worth in 1969 ) . According to the U.S. Department of Treasury website , `` The present denominations of our currency in production are $1 , $2 , $5 , $10 , $20 , $50 and $100 . The purpose of the United States currency system is to serve the needs of the public and these denominations meet that goal . Neither the Department of the Treasury nor the Federal Reserve System has any plans to change the denominations in use today . '' </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before they were ' retired ' , host Monty Hall regularly tempted or teased contestants on Let 's Make a Deal with a $1,000 bill featuring Grover Cleveland . </P> <H2> High - denomination ( HD ) banknote issuing data ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Key to high denomination banknote type abbreviations <Tr> <Th> Abbr </Th> <Th> Type </Th> <Th> Size </Th> <Th> Series dates </Th> <Th colspan="5"> High denomination series date </Th> <Th> Comments </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> $500 </Th> <Th> $1,000 </Th> <Th> $5,000 </Th> <Th> $10,000 </Th> <Th> $100,000 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> LT </Th> <Td> Legal tender </Td> <Td> Large </Td> <Td> 1862 -- 1923 </Td> <Td> 1862 1863 1869 1874 1875 1878 1880 </Td> <Td> 1862 1863 1869 1878 1880 </Td> <Td> 1878 </Td> <Td> 1878 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CITN </Th> <Td> Compound interest treasury note </Td> <Td> Exception </Td> <Td> 1863 -- 1864 </Td> <Td> 1863 1864 </Td> <Td> 1864 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IBN </Th> <Td> Interest bearing note </Td> <Td> Exception </Td> <Td> 1861 -- 1865 </Td> <Td> 1861 1863 1864 1865 </Td> <Td> 1861 1863 1864 1865 </Td> <Td> 1861 1863 1864 1865 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> SC </Th> <Td> Silver certificate </Td> <Td> Large </Td> <Td> 1878 -- 1923 </Td> <Td> 1878 1880 </Td> <Td> 1878 1880 1891 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TN </Th> <Td> Treasury note </Td> <Td> Large </Td> <Td> 1890 -- 1891 </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> 1890 1891 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NBN </Th> <Td> National bank note </Td> <Td> Large </Td> <Td> 1865 -- 1875 </Td> <Td> 1865 1875 </Td> <Td> 1865 1875 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FRN </Th> <Td> Federal reserve note </Td> <Td> Large </Td> <Td> 1914 -- 1918 </Td> <Td> 1918 </Td> <Td> 1918 </Td> <Td> 1918 </Td> <Td> 1918 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NGBN </Th> <Td> National gold bank note </Td> <Td> Large </Td> <Td> 1870 -- 1883 </Td> <Td> 1870 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GC </Th> <Td> Gold certificate </Td> <Td> Large </Td> <Td> 1865 -- 1922 </Td> <Td> 1865 1870 1875 1882 1922 </Td> <Td> 1865 1870 1875 1882 1907 1922 </Td> <Td> 1865 1870 1882 1888 </Td> <Td> 1865 1870 1875 1882 1888 1900 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FRN </Th> <Td> Federal reserve note </Td> <Td> Small </Td> <Td> 1928 -- present </Td> <Td> 1928 1934 </Td> <Td> 1928 1934 </Td> <Td> 1928 1934 </Td> <Td> 1928 1934 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GC </Th> <Td> Gold certificate </Td> <Td> Small </Td> <Td> 1928 -- 1934 </Td> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> 1928 1934 </Td> <Td> 1928 </Td> <Td> 1928 1934 </Td> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> High - denomination United States banknotes ( edit ) </H2> <P> The National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian Institution contains ( among other things ) the Bureau of Engraving and Printing ( BEP ) certified proofs and the Treasury Department collection of United States currency . Using a combination of proofs and issued notes , a nearly complete type set of high - denomination currency was compiled . Notably missing are several types of Compound and Interest Bearing Notes . Printed during the early to mid-1860s on very thin paper , these high - denomination notes are virtually non-existent . Their issuance ( 1861 -- 65 ) pre-dates the BEP 's responsibility for U.S. Currency ( 1870s ) , so it is fortunate that any proofs exist in the current archives . </P> <Table> High denomination United States banknotes <Tr> <Th> Value </Th> <Th> Type </Th> <Th> Series </Th> <Th> Fr . </Th> <Th> Image </Th> <Th> Portrait / engraving </Th> <Th> Comments </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> LT </Td> <Td> 1862 -- 63 </Td> <Td> Fr. 183c </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Gallatin - Albert Albert Gallatin </Td> <Td> 4 known ( variety ) 7 known ( type ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> LT </Td> <Td> 1869 </Td> <Td> Fr. 184 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Adams - John - Quincy John Quincy Adams ( Charles Burt ) Justice ( Stephen A. Schoff ) </Td> <Td> 4 known ( only one privately ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> LT </Td> <Td> 1874 -- 78 </Td> <Td> Fr. 185b </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mansfield - Joseph Joseph Mansfield ( Charles Burt ) Victory ( Charles Burt ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> LT </Td> <Td> 1880 </Td> <Td> Fr. 185l </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Mansfield - Joseph Joseph Mansfield ( Charles Burt ) Victory ( Charles Burt ) </Td> <Td> 5 known ( variety ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> CITN </Td> <Td> 1864 </Td> <Td> Fr. 194a Proof </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> zStandard Bearer - New Ironsides Standard Bearer ( left ) ( George D. Baldwin ) New Ironsides ( right ) ( James Smillie ) </Td> <Td> Unknown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> SC </Td> <Td> 1878 </Td> <Td> Fr. 345a </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sumner - Charles Charles Sumner ( Charles Burt ) </Td> <Td> Unique ( variety and type ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> SC </Td> <Td> 1880 </Td> <Td> Fr. 345c </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sumner - Charles Charles Sumner ( Charles Burt ) </Td> <Td> 5 known ( variety ) 7 known ( type ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> TN </Td> <Td> 1891 </Td> <Td> Fr. 379 Proof </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sherman - William William Tecumseh Sherman </Td> <Td> None issued </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> NBN </Td> <Td> 1865 -- 75 </Td> <Td> Fr. 464 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> zCivilization - Sirius - Burgoyne Civilization ( left ) ( James D. Smillie ) Sirius arriving in New York ( right ) Surrender of General Burgoyne ( rev ) ( Frederick Girsch ) </Td> <Td> 2 known ( variety ) 3 known ( type ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 000500 $500 </Th> <Td> FRN </Td> <Td> 1918 </Td> <Td> Fr. 1132d </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Marshall - John John Marshall ( Charles Schlecht ) de Soto discovering the Mississippi

The largest bill in American money is

What is the largest bill in american money?

-4355417178001938677

( gTLDs ) , such as the prominent domains com , info , net , edu , and org , and the country code top - level domains ( ccTLDs ) . Below these top - level domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second - level and third - level domain names that are typically open for reservation by end - users who wish to connect local area networks to the Internet , create other publicly accessible Internet resources or run web sites . </P> <P> The registration of these domain names is usually administered by domain name registrars who sell their services to the public . </P> <P> A fully qualified domain name ( FQDN ) is a domain name that is completely specified with all labels in the hierarchy of the DNS , having no parts omitted . Labels in the Domain Name System are case - insensitive , and may therefore be written in any desired capitalization method , but most commonly domain names are written in lowercase in technical contexts . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Purpose </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Domain name space <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Domain name syntax </Li> <Li> 3.2 Top - level domains </Li> <Li> 3.3 Second - level and lower level domains </Li> <Li> 3.4 Internationalized domain names </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Domain name registration <Ul> <Li> 4.1 History </Li> <Li> 4.2 Administration </Li> <Li> 4.3 Technical requirements and process </Li> <Li> 4.4 Business models </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Resale of domain names </Li> <Li> 6 Domain name confusion </Li> <Li> 7 Use in web site hosting </Li> <Li> 8 Abuse and regulation <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Truth in Domain Names Act </Li> <Li> 8.2 Seizures </Li> <Li> 8.3 Suspensions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Fictitious domain name </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Purpose </H2> <P> Domain names serve to identify Internet resources , such as computers , networks , and services , with a text - based label that is easier to memorize than the numerical addresses used in the Internet protocols . A domain name may represent entire collections of such resources or individual instances . Individual Internet host computers use domain names as host identifiers , also called host names . The term host name is also used for the leaf labels in the domain name system , usually without further subordinate domain name space . Host names appear as a component in Uniform Resource Locators ( URLs ) for Internet resources such as web sites ( e.g. , en.wikipedia.org ) . </P> <P> Domain names are also used as simple identification labels to indicate ownership or control of a resource . Such examples are the realm identifiers used in the Session Initiation Protocol ( SIP ) , the Domain Keys used to verify DNS domains in e-mail systems , and in many other Uniform Resource Identifiers ( URIs ) . </P> <P> An important function of domain names is to provide easily recognizable and memorizable names to numerically addressed Internet resources . This abstraction allows any resource to be moved to a different physical location in the address topology of the network , globally or locally in an intranet . Such a move usually requires changing the IP address of a resource and the corresponding translation of this IP address to and from its domain name . </P> <P> Domain names are used to establish a unique identity . Organizations can choose a domain name that corresponds to their name , helping Internet users to reach them easily . </P> <P> A generic domain is a name that defines a general category , rather than a specific or personal instance , for example , the name of an industry , rather than a company name . Some examples of generic names are books.com , music.com , and travel.info . Companies have created brands based on generic names , and such generic domain names may be valuable . </P> <P> Domain names are often simply referred to as domains and domain name registrants are frequently referred to as domain owners , although domain name registration with a registrar does not confer any legal ownership of the domain name , only an exclusive right of use for a particular duration of time . The use of domain names in commerce may subject them to trademark law . </P> <H2> History </H2> <P> The practice of using a simple memorable abstraction of a host 's numerical address on a computer network dates back to the ARPANET era , before the advent of today 's commercial Internet . In the early network , each computer on the network retrieved the hosts file ( host. txt ) from a computer at SRI ( now SRI International ) , which mapped computer host names to numerical addresses . The rapid growth of the network made it impossible to maintain a centrally organized hostname registry and in 1983 the Domain Name System was introduced on the ARPANET and published by the Internet Engineering Task Force as RFC 882 and RFC 883 . </P> <H2> Domain name space </H2> <P> Today , the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ( ICANN ) manages the top - level development and architecture of the Internet domain name space . It authorizes domain name registrars , through which domain names may be registered and reassigned . </P> The hierarchical domain name system , organized into zones , each served by domain name servers . <P> The domain name space consists of a tree of domain names . Each node in the tree holds information associated with the domain name . The tree sub-divides into zones beginning at the DNS root zone . </P> <H3> Domain name syntax </H3> <P> A domain name consists of one or more parts , technically called labels , that are conventionally concatenated , and delimited by dots , such as example.com . </P> <Ul> <Li> The right-most label conveys the top - level domain ; for example , the domain name www.example.com belongs to the top - level domain com . </Li> <Li> The hierarchy of domains descends from the right to the left label in the name ; each label to the left specifies a subdivision , or subdomain of the domain to the right . For example : the label example specifies a node example.com as a subdomain of the com domain , and www is a label to create www.example.com , a subdomain of example.com . Each label may contain from 1 to 63 octets . The empty label is reserved for the root node and when fully qualified is expressed as the empty label terminated by a dot . The full domain name may not exceed a total length of 253 ASCII characters in its textual representation . Thus , when using a single character per label , the limit is 127 levels : 127 characters plus 126 dots have a total length of 253 . In practice , some domain registries may have shorter limits . </Li> <Li> A hostname is a domain name that has at least one associated IP address . For example , the domain names www.example.com and example.com are also hostnames , whereas the com domain is not . However , other top - level domains , particularly country code top - level domains , may indeed have an IP address , and if so , they are also hostnames . </Li> <Li> Hostnames impose restrictions on the characters allowed in the corresponding domain name . A valid hostname is also a valid domain name , but a valid domain name may not necessarily be valid as a hostname . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Top - level domains </H3> <P> The top - level domains ( TLDs ) such as com , net and org are the highest level of domain names of the Internet . Top - level domains form the DNS root zone of the hierarchical Domain Name System . Every domain name ends with a top - level domain label . </P> <P> When the Domain Name System was devised in the 1980s , the domain name space was divided into two main groups of domains . The country code top - level domains ( ccTLD ) were primarily based on the two - character territory codes of ISO - 3166 country abbreviations . In addition , a group of seven generic top - level domains ( gTLD ) was implemented which represented a set of categories of names and multi-organizations . These were the domains gov , edu , com , mil , org , net , and int . </P> <P> During the growth of the Internet , it became desirable to create additional generic top - level domains . As of October 2009 , 21 generic top - level domains and 250 two - letter country - code top - level domains existed . In addition , the ARPA domain serves technical purposes in the infrastructure of the Domain Name System . </P> <P> During the 32nd International Public ICANN Meeting in Paris in 2008 , ICANN started a new process of TLD naming policy to take a `` significant step forward on the introduction of new generic top - level domains . '' This program envisions the availability of many new or already proposed domains , as well as a new application and implementation process . Observers believed that the new rules could result in hundreds of new top - level domains to be registered . In 2012 , the program commenced , and received 1930 applications . By 2016 , the milestone of 1000 live gTLD was reached . </P> <P> The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ( IANA ) maintains an annotated list of top - level domains in the DNS root zone database . </P> <P> For special purposes , such as network testing , documentation , and other applications , IANA also reserves a set of special - use domain names . This list contains domain names such as example , local , localhost , and test . Other top - level domain names containing trade marks are registered for corporate use . Cases include brands such as BMW , Google , and Canon . </P> <H3> Second - level and lower level domains </H3> <P> Below the top - level domains in the domain name hierarchy are the second - level domain ( SLD ) names . These are the names directly to the left of . com , . net , and the other top - level domains . As an example , in the domain example.co.uk , co is the second - level domain . </P> <P> Next are third - level domains , which are written immediately to the left of a second - level domain . There can be fourth - and fifth - level domains , and so on , with virtually no limitation . An example of an operational domain name with four levels of domain labels is sos.state.oh.us . Each label is separated by a full stop ( dot ) . ' sos ' is said to be a sub-domain of ' state.oh.us ' , and ' state ' a sub-domain of ' oh.us ' , etc . In general , subdomains are domains subordinate to their parent domain . An example of very deep levels of subdomain ordering are the IPv6 reverse resolution DNS zones , e.g. , 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa , which is the reverse DNS resolution domain name for the IP address of a loopback interface , or the localhost name . </P> <P> Second - level ( or lower - level , depending on the established parent hierarchy ) domain names are often created based on the name of a company ( e.g. , bbc.co.uk ) , product or service ( e.g. hotmail.com ) . Below these levels , the next domain name component has been used to designate a particular host server . Therefore , ftp.example.com might be an FTP server , www.example.com would be

The parts of a domain name are called the

What are the parts of a domain name called?

6264871653806230890

John Carpenter ( game show contestant ) - wikipedia <H1> John Carpenter ( game show contestant ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> John Carpenter </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 1968 ( age 48 -- 49 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Education </Th> <Td> Rutgers University </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> IRS agent </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> First top prize winner on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home town </Th> <Td> Northampton , Massachusetts </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> John Carpenter ( born c. 1968 ) is an American game show contestant and IRS agent . He is best known for becoming the first top prize winner on the United States version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire . He held the record for the largest single win in United States game show history , until it was broken by Rahim Oberholtzer who won $1.12 million on another U.S. quiz show , Twenty One . Carpenter was also the first top prize winner among all international versions of the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? series . </P> <P> On the November 19 , 1999 , episode of Millionaire , Carpenter proceeded to advance to the million - dollar question without using any lifelines . He then used his Phone - A-Friend to call his father not for help , but rather to tell him he was going to win the game . Carpenter answered the question correctly and became the show 's first millionaire . His win gave him national recognition and led to multiple talk show appearances , as well as reappearances on Millionaire itself . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Career and family </Li> <Li> 2 Who Wants to Be a Millionaire </Li> <Li> 3 Later work <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Other game show appearances </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Career and family ( edit ) </H2> <P> Carpenter is from Northampton , Massachusetts . His father , Tom , worked as a computer program analyst for the Department of Veterans Affairs , while his mother , Gail , served as an administrative assistant for the Massachusetts Audubon Society . In 1986 , he enrolled at Rutgers University and graduated in 1990 with a degree in economics . In January 1991 , he joined the Internal Revenue Service after completing government exams and tests . In November 1996 , Carpenter met his future wife , Deborah , who was studying for a master 's degree at Southern Connecticut State University and worked as a manager of a Fleet Bank branch in New Haven . They married in August 1998 . At the time of his appearance on Millionaire , he was 31 years old . When he revealed his profession as an IRS officer on Millionaire , Carpenter was playfully booed by the audience . </P> <H2> Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> $1 million ( 15 of 15 ) - no time limit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Which of these U.S. Presidents appeared on the television series `` Laugh - In '' ? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> A : Lyndon Johnson </Td> <Td> B : Richard Nixon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> C : Jimmy Carter </Td> <Td> D: Gerald Ford </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Carpenter was originally uninterested in Millionaire but eventually tuned in one night after dinner while having friends over at his house . When he found the show 's higher - tier questions to not be , in his words , `` any more difficult '' than the lower - tier ones , he decided to call in to the show 's hotline for a chance to become a contestant . Carpenter answered all of the hotline questions correctly and was on the show within two days . </P> <P> Host Regis Philbin described Carpenter as having `` cruised right through those first fourteen questions , '' he had proceeded to reach the final question without using any of his lifelines . The $1 million question was , `` Which of these U.S. Presidents appeared on the television series ' Laugh - In ' ? '' , with the choices being A ) Lyndon Johnson , B) Richard Nixon , C ) Jimmy Carter , and D ) Gerald Ford . Carpenter used his Phone - A-Friend lifeline to call his father not for help , but rather to inform him that he knew the answer . Carpenter later explained , `` I thought I 'd look so cocky if I did n't use any lifelines , so I faked it . '' </P> <P> With his win , Carpenter became the first contestant in the worldwide Millionaire franchise to win the show 's top prize . He said that the only question that had flustered him was one which asked for the location of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral . Carpenter eventually remembered that the film Tombstone included the gunfight , and he replied correctly with the answer ' Tombstone , Arizona ' . While taking a vacation after his win , Carpenter considered quitting his job with the IRS , but eventually decided against it . He explained to Kiplinger 's Personal Finance that `` after the taxes , it 's not change - your - life kind of money if you want to eat every day . '' Carpenter also described the fame as having a bigger impact on his life than the money , later stating : `` The money does n't change your life . What happens afterwards might . '' </P> <H2> Later work ( edit ) </H2> <P> Shortly after winning on Millionaire , Carpenter played himself in a Saturday Night Live skit . Donald Trump , played by Darrell Hammond , announced that Carpenter would be his running - mate in the presidential election . Afterward , Carpenter pretended to call his father , then shouted , `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Carpenter also appeared on Good Morning America , Oprah Winfrey Show , Live with Regis and Kathie Lee , and Late Show with David Letterman . </P> <P> Carpenter appeared as himself in the second half of the fourth season of Oz . He plays a contestant in a fictional TV game show called Up Your Ante that the prisoners in Em City are watching . The show within the show is hosted by Gordon Elliott , with Eartha Kitt and Didi Conn appearing as celebrity participants . </P> <P> With Rod L. Evans , Carpenter co-authored a trivia book titled Matching Wits With the Million - Dollar Mind : The World 's Hardest Trivia Quizzes From America 's First Quiz Show Millionaire . The book was published by Berkley Books in 2002 . </P> <H3> Other game show appearances ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2000 , Carpenter appeared in the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Champions Edition , in which previous contestants who won $250,000 -- $1,000,000 played again , with half of their additional winnings from the Champions Edition going to a charity of their choice . Carpenter won $250,000 , bringing his total Millionaire winnings to $1,250,000 . In 2004 , Carpenter participated in Super Millionaire , as one of the `` Three Wise Men '' on the episode during which Robert `` Bob - O '' Essig won $1,000,000 . </P> <P> He later participated as part of the Mob on NBC 's 1 vs. 100 on October 27 , 2006 , and as a contestant on the Game Show Network game show Grand Slam . Carpenter appeared on the August 16 , 2009 episode of Millionaire in prime time for its tenth anniversary . In the audience with him were his father , his wife , and his son . Additionally , he was also the first expert in the `` Ask the Expert '' lifeline for the eighth season of the syndicated series . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Biography portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> List of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? top prize winners </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Millionaire Makeovers ! '' . People . Vol. 54 no . 20 . Time Inc . November 13 , 2000 . Archived from the original on September 11 , 2015 . Retrieved July 8 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Petrozello , Donna ( February 3 , 2000 ) . `` Million - plu $ reply an educated guess '' . New York Daily News . p. 101 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Jerome , Jim ( December 6 , 1999 ) . `` Many Happy Returns '' . People . Vol. 52 no . 22 . Time Inc . Archived from the original on September 30 , 2015 . Retrieved July 7 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Rosenthal , Phil ( November 20 , 1999 ) . `` Contestant wins $1 million '' . Chicago Sun Times . p. 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Taylor , Frances Grandy ( November 20 , 1999 ) . `` Final answer ? Quiz show : a million to 1 taxman '' . Hartford Courant . p . A1 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bianculli , David ( November 22 , 1999 ) . `` Cool million makes red - hot TV '' . New York Daily News . Archived from the original on September 11 , 2009 . Retrieved September 6 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Who Wants to Be a Millionaire '' . Gameshow Hall of Fame . GSN . January 21 , 2007 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Vigoda , Arlene ( November 22 , 1999 ) . `` Million - dollar winner untaxed by celebrity '' . USA Today . Gannett Company . p. 1D . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Taxman scoops a million '' . BBC News . November 21 , 1999 . Archived from the original on June 21 , 2015 . Retrieved August 1 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Davis , Kristin ( November 2000 ) . `` I 'm Rich ! ( Now what ? ) '' . Kiplinger 's Personal Finance . pp. 93 -- 94 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Duca , Lauren ( August 15 , 2014 ) . `` The Final Answer On Who Wants To Be A Millionaire ? , 15 Years After It Premiered '' . Huffington Post . Archived from the original on August 22 , 2015 . Retrieved July 9 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ de Moraes , Lisa ( November 23 , 1999 ) . `` Drab ' Millionaire ' Winner Emerges as a Media Animal '' . The Washington Post . p . C07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Moore , Frazier ( January 6 , 2001 ) . `` Wizard of ' Oz ' lives with permanent reminder of gritty show '' . The San Diego Union Tribune . p . E6 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Matching Wits with the Million - Dollar Mind : The World ; s Hardest Trivia Quizzes from America 's First Quiz Show Millionaire '' . The Book Depository . Archived from the original on October 25 , 2015 . Retrieved October 24 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Deggans , Eric ( May 12 , 2000 ) . `` Miami ' Millionaire ' gets 2nd shot at final answer '' . St. Petersburg Times . Archived from the original on April 5 , 2008 . Retrieved October 9 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bracht , Mel ( May 26 , 2000 ) . `` Money is n't the root of happiness : Tulsan has more fun in 2nd Millionaire

The person who wants to be a millionaire on the game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" calls his dad, John

Who want to be a millionaire calls his dad?

-7394149107458430124

as PPL Park , as an unacceptable venue for future games . The stadium currently holds only 18,500 but is expandable at the discretion of the Philadelphia Union soccer organization . </P> <H3> Men 's Lacrosse ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Villanova Wildcats men 's lacrosse <P> The Villanova Wildcats men 's lacrosse team represents Villanova University in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I men 's lacrosse . Villanova currently competes as a member of the Big East Conference and plays their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova , Pennsylvania . Coach Michael Corrado has taken the team to its only two NCAA appearances in history during his 6 - year tenure and the school is poised for greater success in upcoming seasons . </P> <P> Villanova rose as high as # 7 ranking and qualified for an at - large bid in the 2011 NCAA Tournament where they lost to the University of Denver in the first round . During the regular season , the Wildcats drew over 6500 fans to a Big East match - up with Syracuse setting a new on - campus record for Lacrosse . Brian Karalunas became the first USILA First Team All - American in Villanova history . </P> <P> Through 2009 , Villanova men 's lacrosse was a member of the Colonial Athletic Association and won the CAA tournament for their first title in 2009 . The fourth - seeded Wildcats were the lowest - seeded championship team in conference history . That season , Villanova also made their first NCAA tournament appearance , where they were routed in the first round by first - seeded Virginia , 18 -- 6 . </P> <P> The 2004 team finished 13 - 3 playing against the stiff competition of the CAA . </P> <H3> Track and field ( edit ) </H3> <P> Villanova University 's Track and field team has a history of athletic success that has spanned from championships in both incarnations of the Big East Conference to NCAA championships . </P> <P> The men 's team has produced 69 NCAA championships , 36 indoor and 33 outdoor . The team has had 8 NCAA team championships -- 4 cross country , 3 indoor ( ' 68 , ' 71 , ' 79 ) , 1 outdoor ( ' 57 ) . Prior to NCAA sponsoring Indoor T&F in 1965 , Villanova won 6 ICAAAA Indoor T&F Championships ( ' 57 , ' 58 , ' 60 , ' 62 , ' 63 , ' 64 ) . Villanova has produced 28 athletes who have made appearances in the Olympics , 10 of whom have medaled ( 7 Gold medals , 3 Silver medals ) . The men 's team has also won 112 Penn Relays Championships , which stands as the most wins by any school . The men 's current coaches include head coach , Marcus O'Sullivan , and assistant head coach , Anthony Williams . </P> <P> The women 's team has also had a multitude of success , producing 10 Big East team Championships and 7 NCAA team Championships . They have also produced 7 Olympians including Vicki Huber , Sonia O'Sullivan , Kim Certain , Kate Fonshell , Jen Rhines , Carmen Douma , and Carrie Tollefson . The Women 's team has won 28 Penn Relays Championships , which is the most wins by any women 's program . The current women 's coaches include head coach , Gina Procaccio , and assistant head coach , Anthony Williams . </P> <P> At least one Villanova athlete has competed in every Summer Olympics since 1948 , winning a total of 13 medals ( 9 gold , 4 silver ) . </P> <H3> Cross Country ( edit ) </H3> <P> Villanova Men 's and Women 's Cross Country teams have a successful history of Big East and NCAA National Championships . Villanova won both the Men 's and Women 's Big East Cross Country Team Titles in 2011 . </P> <P> The 2011 women 's Cross Country team finished as national runner - up led by Sheila Reid individual title . In 2010 and 2009 , the women 's cross country team won the NCAA Women 's Cross Country Championship under Coach Gina Procaccio . The 2010 victory was led by individual national champion Sheila Reid of Villanova who repeated her NCAA individual crown in 2011 . </P> <P> The Wildcats hold the NCAA Division I record for the most NCAA Team and Individual Women 's Cross Country Champions with 9 NCAA Team Championships ( ' 89 , ' 90 , ' 91 , ' 92 , ' 93 , ' 94 , ' 98 , ' 09 , ' 10 ) and 9 NCAA individual champions , 7 of which coincided . </P> <P> NCAA Individual Cross Country Champions </P> <Ul> <Li> Vicki Huber 1989 </Li> <Li> Sonia O'Sullivan 1990 , 1991 </Li> <Li> Carole Zajac 1992 , 1993 </Li> <Li> Jennifer Rhines 1994 </Li> <Li> Carrie Tollefson 1997 </Li> <Li> Sheila Reid 2010 , 2011 </Li> </Ul> <P> The 2011 Villanova Men 's Cross Country team finished 13th in the Team competition at NCAA meet . Villanova has won 4 NCAA Men 's Cross Country Team Championships covering 1966 , 1967 , 1968 and 1970 . </P> <P> NCAA Individual Cross Country Champions </P> <Ul> <Li> Victor Zwolak 1963 </Li> <Li> Patrick Tiernan 2016 </Li> </Ul> <H3> Swimming and Diving ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Villanova Swimming and Diving <P> In its history , Villanova Swimming and Diving has produced several Olympians . Most recently Maddy Crippen competed in the 400m individual medley at the 2000 Olympics . At the 2008 Olympics , Villanova was represented by Kristina Lennox - Silva . Lennox competed for Puerto Rico and swam the 400m freestyle and 200m butterfly . </P> <H2> NCAA team Championships ( edit ) </H2> <P> Villanova has 21 NCAA team national championships . </P> <Ul> <Li> Men 's ( 12 ) <Ul> <Li> Basketball ( 3 ) : 1985 , 2016 , 2018 </Li> <Li> Cross Country ( 4 ) : 1966 , 1967 , 1968 , 1970 </Li> <Li> Football ( 1 ) : 2009 </Li> <Li> Indoor Track & Field ( 3 ) : 1968 , 1971 , 1979 </Li> <Li> Outdoor Track & Field ( 1 ) : 1957 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Women 's ( 9 ) <Ul> <Li> Cross Country ( 9 ) : 1989 , 1990 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1998 , 2009 , 2010 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> see also : <Ul> <Li> Big East Conference NCAA team championships </Li> <Li> List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Conference realignment ( edit ) </H2> <P> In December 2012 the presidents of seven Big East schools which do not sponsor FBS football ( also sometimes referred to as the `` Catholic 7 '' ) , including Villanova , voted unanimously to leave the Big East and form a new conference . The new conference , which kept the Big East name , officially began on July 1 , 2013 . </P> <H2> Notable non varsity Sports ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Rugby ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Villanova Ruby Football Club </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> University </Th> <Td> Villanova University </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Association </Th> <Td> USA Rugby </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Conference </Th> <Td> Keystone Conference </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Villanova Rugby Football Club regained its official sanctioning by the University in 2010 , after losing this status and being classified as a recreational sport during the 1990s . The college rugby team has been able to develop a roster of over 50 players , due in part to the growing popularity of rugby at the high school level , and the Wildcats are supported by a network of rugby alumni that contribute towards the cost of the rugby program . The Wildcats are led by head coach Jack Foley , a former Villanova RFC athlete , USA 7 's player , and a head coach at various programs since 1998 . Recently , the Wildcats played at the 2013 Collegiate Rugby Championship , the highest profile competition in college rugby , which was broadcast live on NBC from PPL Park in Philadelphia . Currently , Villanova competes in the D1 - AA Keystone Conference for both 15 's and 7 's rugby . The team also schedules out of conference games , such as its preseaon wins over Columbia , UPenn , and Lehigh in the fall of 2016 . Following its regular spring sevens schedule , the team also competes in the annual Philadelphia Cup at PPL Park which runs concurrent with the CRC . Winning the Philadelphia Cup guarantees the Wildcats a spot in the CRC for the next year . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Sports in Philadelphia # Collegiate sports </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Villanova Athletics Identity Standards Guide ( PDF ) . June 26 , 2012 . Retrieved April 10 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seven basketball - only schools leaving the Big East to start new conference '' . NCAA.com . National Collegiate Athletic Association . Associated Press . December 17 , 2012 . Retrieved March 27 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seven schools leaving Big East '' . ESPN . December 15 , 2012 . Retrieved December 16 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Villanova.com Harry Perretta Bio - Official Athletic Site Official Athletic Site - Women 's Basketball '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Harry Perreta '' . Villanova University . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ 2009 Villanova Men 's Lacrosse Quick Facts ( PDF ) , Villanova University , retrieved May 14 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Villanova claims first CAA title with 10 - 9 win over Towson Archived May 6 , 2009 , at the Wayback Machine. , Inside Lacrosse , May 2 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Villanova Secures First CAA Men 's Lacrosse Title , National Collegiate Athletic Association , May 3 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Virginia crushes Villanova , 18 -- 6 , faces Hopkins in next round , The Baltimore Sun , May 11 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` RUNNOVA '' . Retrieved 2008 - 02 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Villanova magazine , Summer 2008 , `` Villanovans have won 20 Olympic Medals '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2011 DI mens team cross country results '' . NCAA.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : The Villanovan , University restores club charter to men 's rugby Sep. 22 , 2010 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Philly.com , Orphaned Rugby Club Wins On The Main Line Without Villanova , Dec. 24 , 1997 , http://articles.philly.com/1997-12-24/sports/25553859_1_screening-athletes-usa-rugby-football-union-rugby-injury </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Villanova Rugby '' . Villanova University Rugby Football Club . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Official website </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Villanova University </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Academics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> School of Business </Li> <Li> School of Law </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Campus </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Arboretum Villanova </Li> <Li> St. Thomas of Villanova Church </Li> <Li> Villanova , PA </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> People </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alumni </Li> <Li> List of Presidents </Li> <Li> Fr . Peter Donohue ( President ) </Li> <Li> Order of Saint Augustine ( O.S.A. ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Villanovan </Li> <Li> WXVU </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Athletics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Villanova Wildcats </Li> <Li> Holy War </Li> <Li> Men 's basketball </Li> <Li> Women 's basketball </Li> <Li> Men 's lacrosse </Li> <Li> Football (

Villanova last won the NCAA basketball championship in

When was the last time villanova won the ncaa basketball championship?

-8726864419641142603

and slower equipment . </P> <P> They can be mounted by a bolt through the center , using washers and rubber pads or by potting in resin . </P> <H3> Autotransformer ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Autotransformer <P> An autotransformer has one winding that is tapped at some point along the winding . Voltage is applied across a portion of the winding , and a higher ( or lower ) voltage is produced across another portion of the same winding . The equivalent power rating of the autotransfomer is lower than the actual load power rating . It is calculated by : load VA × ( Vin -- Vout ) / Vin . For example , an auto transformer that adapts a 1000 VA load rated at 120 Volts to a 240 Volt supply has an equivalent rating of at least : 1,000 VA × ( 240V -- 120V ) / 240V = 500VA . However , the actual rating ( shown on the tally plate ) must be at least 1000 VA . </P> <P> For voltage ratios that do n't exceed about 3 : 1 , an autotransformer is cheaper , lighter , smaller , and more efficient than an isolating ( two - winding ) transformer of the same rating . Large three - phase autotransformers are used in electric power distribution systems , for example , to interconnect 33 kV and 66 kV sub-transmission networks . </P> <H3> Variable autotransformer ( edit ) </H3> Variable autotransformer Main article : Autotransformer § Variable autotransformers <P> By exposing part of the winding coils of an autotransformer , and making the secondary connection through a sliding carbon brush , an autotransformer with a near - continuously variable turns ratio can be obtained , allowing for wide voltage adjustment in very small increments . </P> <H3> Induction regulator ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Induction regulator <P> The induction regulator is similar in design to a wound - rotor induction motor but it is essentially a transformer whose output voltage is varied by rotating its secondary relative to the primary -- i.e. , rotating the angular position of the rotor . It can be seen as a power transformer exploiting rotating magnetic fields . The major advantage of the induction regulator is that unlike variacs , they are practical for transformers over 5 kVA . Hence , such regulators find widespread use in high - voltage laboratories . </P> <H3> Polyphase transformer ( edit ) </H3> A high - voltage transformer being dismantled Cutaway view of a polyphase transformer <P> For polyphase systems , multiple single - phase transformers can be used , or all phases can be connected to a single polyphase transformer . For a three phase transformer , the three primary windings are connected together and the three secondary windings are connected together . Examples of connections are wye - delta , delta - wye , delta - delta and wye - wye . A vector group indicates the configuration of the windings and the phase angle difference between them . If a winding is connected to earth ( grounded ) , the earth connection point is usually the center point of a wye winding . If the secondary is a delta winding , the ground may be connected to a center tap on one winding ( high leg delta ) or one phase may be grounded ( corner grounded delta ) . A special purpose polyphase transformer is the zigzag transformer . There are many possible configurations that may involve more or fewer than six windings and various tap connections . </P> Three - phase transformers 380kV / 110kV and 110kV / 20kV <H3> Grounding transformer ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Earthing transformer <P> Grounding or earthing transformers let three wire ( delta ) polyphase system supplies accommodate phase to neutral loads by providing a return path for current to a neutral . Grounding transformers most commonly incorporate a single winding transformer with a zigzag winding configuration but may also be created with a wye - delta isolated winding transformer connection . </P> <H3> Phase - shifting transformer ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Quadrature booster <P> This is a specialized type of transformer which can be configured to adjust the phase relationship between input and output . This allows power flow in an electric grid to be controlled , e.g. to steer power flows away from a shorter ( but overloaded ) link to a longer path with excess capacity . </P> <H3> Variable - frequency transformer ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Variable - frequency transformer <P> A variable - frequency transformer is a specialized three - phase power transformer which allows the phase relationship between the input and output windings to be continuously adjusted by rotating one half . They are used to interconnect electrical grids with the same nominal frequency but without synchronous phase coordination . </P> <H3> Leakage or stray field transformers ( edit ) </H3> Leakage transformer <P> A leakage transformer , also called a stray - field transformer , has a significantly higher leakage inductance than other transformers , sometimes increased by a magnetic bypass or shunt in its core between primary and secondary , which is sometimes adjustable with a set screw . This provides a transformer with an inherent current limitation due to the loose coupling between its primary and the secondary windings . In this case , it is short - circuit inductance which is actually acting as a current limiting parameter . The output and input currents are low enough to prevent thermal overload under all load conditions -- even if the secondary is shorted . </P> Uses ( edit ) <P> Leakage transformers are used for arc welding and high voltage discharge lamps ( neon lights and cold cathode fluorescent lamps , which are series connected up to 7.5 kV AC ) . It acts then both as a voltage transformer and as a magnetic ballast . </P> <P> Other applications are short - circuit - proof extra-low voltage transformers for toys or doorbell installations . </P> <H3> Resonant transformer ( edit ) </H3> Further information : Resonant inductive coupling Further information : Tesla coil § Resonant transformer <P> A resonant transformer is a transformer in which one or both windings has a capacitor across it and functions as a tuned circuit . Used at radio frequencies , resonant transformers can function as high Q factor bandpass filters . The transformer windings have either air or ferrite cores and the bandwidth can be adjusted by varying the coupling ( mutual inductance ) . One common form is the IF ( intermediate frequency ) transformer , used in superheterodyne radio receivers . They are also used in radio transmitters . </P> <P> Resonant transformers are also used in electronic ballasts for gas discharge lamps , and high voltage power supplies . They are also used in some types of switching power supplies . Here the short - circuit inductance value is an important parameter that determines the resonance frequency of the resonant transformer . Often only secondary winding has a resonant capacitor ( or stray capacitance ) and acts as a serial resonant tank circuit . When the short - circuit inductance of the secondary side of the transformer is L and the resonant capacitor ( or stray capacitance ) of the secondary side is C , The resonance frequency ω of 1 ' is as follows </P> <Dl> <Dd> ω s = 1 L s c C r = 1 ( 1 − k 2 ) L s C r ( \ displaystyle \ omega _ ( s ) = ( \ frac ( 1 ) ( \ sqrt ( L_ ( sc ) C_ ( r ) ) ) ) = ( \ frac ( 1 ) ( \ sqrt ( ( 1 - k ^ ( 2 ) ) L_ ( s ) C_ ( r ) ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> The transformer is driven by a pulse or square wave for efficiency , generated by an electronic oscillator circuit . Each pulse serves to drive resonant sinusoidal oscillations in the tuned winding , and due to resonance a high voltage can be developed across the secondary . </P> <P> Applications : </P> <Ul> <Li> Intermediate frequency ( IF ) transformer in superheterodyne radio receiver </Li> <Li> Tank transformers in radio transmitters </Li> <Li> Tesla coil </Li> <Li> CCFL inverter </Li> <Li> Oudin coil ( or Oudin resonator ; named after its inventor Paul Oudin ) </Li> <Li> D'Arsonval apparatus </Li> <Li> Ignition coil or induction coil used in the ignition system of a petrol engine </Li> <Li> Electrical breakdown and insulation testing of high voltage equipment and cables . In the latter case , the transformer 's secondary is resonated with the cable 's capacitance . </Li> </Ul> Constant voltage transformer ( edit ) See also : Voltage regulator § Constant - voltage transformer <P> By arranging particular magnetic properties of a transformer core , and installing a ferro - resonant tank circuit ( a capacitor and an additional winding ) , a transformer can be arranged to automatically keep the secondary winding voltage relatively constant for varying primary supply without additional circuitry or manual adjustment . Ferro - resonant transformers run hotter than standard power transformers , because regulating action depends on core saturation , which reduces efficiency . The output waveform is heavily distorted unless careful measures are taken to prevent this . Saturating transformers provide a simple rugged method to stabilize an AC power supply . </P> <H3> Ferrite core ( edit ) </H3> <P> Ferrite core power transformers are widely used in switched - mode power supplies ( SMPSs ) . The powder core enables high - frequency operation , and hence much smaller size - to - power ratio than laminated - iron transformers . </P> <P> Ferrite transformers are not used as power transformers at mains frequency since laminated iron cores cost less than an equivalent ferrite core . </P> Planar transformer ( edit ) A planar transformer Exploded view : the spiral primary `` winding '' on one side of the PCB ( the spiral secondary `` winding '' is on the other side of the PCB ) <P> Manufacturers etch spiral patterns on a printed circuit board to form the `` windings '' of a planar transformer , replacing the turns of wire used to make other types . Some planar transformers are commercially sold as discrete components . Other planar transformers are one of many components on a printed circuit board . A planar transformer can be thinner than other transformers , which is useful for low - profile applications or when several printed circuit boards are stacked . Almost all planar transformers use a ferrite planar core . </P> <H3> Oil cooled transformer ( edit ) </H3> <P> Large transformers used in power distribution or electrical substations have their core and coils immersed in oil , which cools and insulates . Oil circulates through ducts in the coil and around the coil and core assembly , moved by convection . The oil is cooled by the outside of the tank in small ratings , and by an air - cooled radiator in larger ratings . Where a higher rating is required , or where the transformer is in a building or underground , oil pumps circulate the oil , and an oil - to - water heat exchanger may also be used . Some transformers may contain PCBs where or when its use was permitted . For example , until 1979 in South Africa . substitute fire - resistant liquids such as silicone oils are now used instead . </P> <H3> Cast resin transformer ( edit ) </H3> <P> Cast - resin power transformers encase the windings in epoxy resin . These transformers simplify installation since they are dry , without cooling oil , and so require no fire - proof vault for indoor installations . The epoxy protects the windings from dust and corrosive atmospheres . However , because the molds for casting the coils are only available

Low voltage transformers are used in applications such as

Two examples where low voltage transformers are used?

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Sahara - wikipedia <H1> Sahara </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Sahara ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sahara </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Great Desert </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Desert </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A satellite image of the Sahara by NASA World Wind </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Countries </Th> <Td> Algeria , Chad , Egypt , Libya , Mali , Mauritania , Morocco , Niger , Sudan , Tunisia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Highest point </Th> <Td> Emi Koussi 3,415 m ( 11,204 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - coordinates </Td> <Td> 19 ° 47 ′ 36 '' N 18 ° 33 ′ 6 '' E  /  19.79333 ° N 18.55167 ° E  / 19.79333 ; 18.55167 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lowest point </Th> <Td> Qattara Depression − 133 m ( − 436 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - coordinates </Td> <Td> 30 ° 0 ′ 0 '' N 27 ° 5 ′ 0 '' E  /  30.00000 ° N 27.08333 ° E  / 30.00000 ; 27.08333 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4,800 km ( 2,983 mi ) , E / W </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Width </Th> <Td> 1,800 km ( 1,118 mi ) , N / S </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area </Th> <Td> 9,200,000 km ( 3,552,140 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Biome </Th> <Td> Desert </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article contains Arabic text . Without proper rendering support , you may see question marks , boxes , or other symbols . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Play media This video over the Sahara and the Middle East was taken by the crew of Expedition 29 on board the International Space Station . Tadrart Acacus desert in western Libya , part of the Sahara . The top image shows the Safsaf Oasis on the surface of the Sahara . The bottom ( using radar ) is the rock layer underneath , revealing black channels cut by the meandering of an ancient river that once fed the oasis . <P> The Sahara ( Arabic : الصحراء الكبرى ‎ , aṣ - ṣaḥrāʼ al - kubrá , ' the Great Desert ' ) is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic . Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres ( 3,600,000 sq mi ) is comparable to the area of China or the United States . The name ' Sahara ' is derived from dialectal Arabic word for `` desert '' , ṣaḥra ( صحرا / ˈsʕaħra / ) . </P> <P> The desert comprises much of North Africa , excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast , the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb , and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan . It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west , where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains . To the south , it is bounded by the Sahel , a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa . The Sahara can be divided into several regions including : the western Sahara , the central Ahaggar Mountains , the Tibesti Mountains , the Aïr Mountains , the Ténéré desert , and the Libyan Desert . </P> <P> For several hundred thousand years , the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes ( `` precession '' ) in the Earth 's axis as it rotates around the sun , which change the location of the North African Monsoon . It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years ( 17,000 AD ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Geography </Li> <Li> 2 Climate <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Temperature </Li> <Li> 2.2 Precipitation </Li> <Li> 2.3 Desertification and prehistoric climate <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 Evidence for cycles </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Ecoregions </Li> <Li> 4 Flora and fauna </Li> <Li> 5 History <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Kiffians </Li> <Li> 5.2 Tenerians </Li> <Li> 5.3 Tashwinat Mummy </Li> <Li> 5.4 Nubians </Li> <Li> 5.5 Egyptians </Li> <Li> 5.6 Phoenicians </Li> <Li> 5.7 Greeks </Li> <Li> 5.8 Urban civilization </Li> <Li> 5.9 Berbers </Li> <Li> 5.10 Islamic expansion </Li> <Li> 5.11 Ottoman Turkish era </Li> <Li> 5.12 European colonialism </Li> <Li> 5.13 Breakup of the empires and afterwards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 People and languages </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Geography </H2> A geographical map of Africa , showing the ecological break that defines the Saharan area . An oasis in the Ahaggar Mountains . Oases support some life forms in extremely arid deserts . An intense Saharan dust storm sent a massive dust plume northwestward over the Atlantic Ocean on 2 March 2003 Butte naturally sculpted by the wind <P> The Sahara covers large parts of Algeria , Chad , Egypt , Libya , Mali , Mauritania , Niger , Western Sahara , Sudan and Tunisia . It covers 9 million square kilometres ( 3,500,000 sq mi ) , amounting to 31 % of Africa . If all areas with a mean annual precipitation of less than 250 mm were included , the Sahara would be 11 million square kilometres ( 4,200,000 sq mi ) . It is one of three distinct physiographic provinces of the African massive physiographic division . </P> <P> The Sahara is mainly rocky hamada ( stone plateaus ) , Ergs ( sand seas - large areas covered with sand dunes ) form only a minor part , but many of the sand dunes are over 180 metres ( 590 ft ) high . Wind or rare rainfall shape the desert features : sand dunes , dune fields , sand seas , stone plateaus , gravel plains ( reg ) , dry valleys ( wadi ) , dry lakes ( oued ) , and salt flats ( shatt or chott ) . Unusual landforms include the Richat Structure in Mauritania . </P> <P> Several deeply dissected mountains , many volcanic , rise from the desert , including the Aïr Mountains , Ahaggar Mountains , Saharan Atlas , Tibesti Mountains , Adrar des Iforas , and the Red Sea hills . The highest peak in the Sahara is Emi Koussi , a shield volcano in the Tibesti range of northern Chad . </P> <P> The central Sahara is hyperarid , with sparse vegetation . The northern and southern reaches of the desert , along with the highlands , have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub , with trees and taller shrubs in wadis , where moisture collects . In the central , hyperarid region , there are many subdivisions of the great desert : Tanezrouft , the Ténéré , the Libyan Desert , the Eastern Desert , the Nubian Desert and others . These extremely arid areas often receive no rain for years . </P> <P> To the north , the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya , but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb , the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest , woodland , and scrub eco-regions of northern Africa , all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters . According to the botanical criteria of Frank White and geographer Robert Capot - Rey , the northern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the northern limit of date palm cultivation and the southern limit of the range of esparto , a grass typical of the Mediterranean climate portion of the Maghreb and Iberia . The northern limit also corresponds to the 100 mm ( 3.9 in ) isohyet of annual precipitation . </P> <P> To the south , the Sahara is bounded by the Sahel , a belt of dry tropical savanna with a summer rainy season that extends across Africa from east to west . The southern limit of the Sahara is indicated botanically by the southern limit of Cornulaca monacantha ( a drought - tolerant member of the Chenopodiaceae ) , or northern limit of Cenchrus biflorus , a grass typical of the Sahel . According to climatic criteria , the southern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the 150 mm ( 5.9 in ) isohyet of annual precipitation ( this is a long - term average , since precipitation varies annually ) . </P> <P> Important cities located in the Sahara include Nouakchott , the capital of Mauritania ; Tamanrasset , Ouargla , Béchar , Hassi Messaoud , Ghardaïa , and El Oued in Algeria ; Timbuktu in Mali ; Agadez in Niger ; Ghat in Libya ; and Faya - Largeau in Chad . </P> <H2> Climate </H2> <P> The Sahara is the world 's largest low - latitude hot desert . The area is located in the horse latitudes under the subtropical ridge , a significant belt of semi-permanent subtropical warm - core high pressure where the air from upper levels of the troposphere tends to sink towards the ground . This steady descending airflow causes a warming and a drying effect in the upper troposphere . The sinking air prevents evaporating water from rising and , therefore , prevents the adiabatic cooling , which makes cloud formation extremely difficult to nearly impossible . </P> <P> The permanent dissolution of clouds allows unhindered light and thermal radiation . The stability of the atmosphere above the desert prevents any convective overturning , thus making rainfall virtually non-existent . As a consequence , the weather tends to be sunny , dry and stable with a minimal risk of rainfall . Subsiding , diverging , dry air masses associated with subtropical high - pressure systems are extremely unfavorable for the development of convectional showers . The subtropical ridge is the predominant factor that explains the hot desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ) of this vast region . The lowering of air is the strongest and the most effective over the eastern part of the Great Desert , in the Libyan Desert which is the sunniest , driest and the most nearly `` rain-less '' place on the planet rivaling the Atacama Desert , lying in Chile and Peru . </P> <P> The rainfall inhibition and the dissipation of cloud cover are most accentuated over the eastern section of the Sahara rather than the western . The prevailing air mass lying above the Sahara is the continental tropical ( cT ) air mass , which is hot and dry . Hot , dry air masses primarily form over the North - African desert from the heating of the vast continental land area , and it affects the whole desert during most of the year . Because of this extreme heating process , a thermal low is usually noticed near the surface , and is the strongest and the most developed during the summertime . The Sahara High represents the eastern continental extension of the Azores High , centered over the North Atlantic Ocean . The subsidence of the Sahara High nearly reaches the ground during the coolest part of the year while it is confined to the upper troposphere during the hottest periods . </P> <P> The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper - level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent . Also , to be protected against rain - bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself , the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location . Indeed , the extreme aridity of the Sahara can not be only explained by the subtropical high pressure . The Atlas Mountains , found in Algeria , Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert . These major mountain ranges act as a

The Sahara Desert is significant because it is

What is the significance of the sahara desert?

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Angular cheilitis - wikipedia <H1> Angular cheilitis </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Angular cheilitis </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Synonyms </Th> <Td> Rhagades , perlèche , cheilosis , angular cheilosis , commissural cheilitis , angular stomatitis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bilateral angular cheilitis in an elderly individual with false teeth , iron deficiency anemia and dry mouth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pronunciation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> / kaɪˈlaɪtɪs / </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Specialty </Th> <Td> Dermatology </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Symptoms </Th> <Td> Redness , skin breakdown and crusting at the corner of the mouth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Usual onset </Th> <Td> Children , 30s to 60s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> Days to years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Causes </Th> <Td> Infection , irritation , allergies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Treatment </Th> <Td> Based on cause , barrier cream </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> 0.7 % of the population </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Angular cheilitis ( AC ) , is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth . Often the corners are red with skin breakdown and crusting . It can also be itchy or painful . The condition can last for days to years . Angular cheilitis is a type of cheilitis ( inflammation of the lips ) . </P> <P> Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection , irritation , or allergies . Infections include by fungi such as Candida albicans and bacteria such as Staph . aureus . Irritants include poorly fitting dentures , licking the lips or drooling , mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth , sun exposure , overclosure of the mouth , smoking , and minor trauma . Allergies may include substances like toothpaste , makeup , and food . Often a number of factors are involved . Other factors may include poor nutrition or poor immune function . Diagnosis may be helped by testing for infections and patch testing for allergies . </P> <P> Treatment for angular cheilitis is typically based on the underlying causes along with the use of a barrier cream . Frequently an antifungal and antibacterial cream is also tried . Angular cheilitis is a fairly common problem , with estimates that it affects 0.7 % of the population . It occurs most often in the 30s to 60s , although is also relatively common in children . In the developing world , iron and vitamin deficiencies are a common cause . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Signs and symptoms </Li> <Li> 2 Causes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Infection </Li> <Li> 2.2 Irritation contact dermatitis </Li> <Li> 2.3 Nutritional deficiencies </Li> <Li> 2.4 Systemic disorders </Li> <Li> 2.5 Drugs </Li> <Li> 2.6 Allergic contact dermatitis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Diagnosis <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Classification </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Management </Li> <Li> 5 Prognosis </Li> <Li> 6 Epidemiology </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Signs and symptoms ( edit ) </H2> Angular cheilitis -- a fissure running in the corner of the mouth with reddened , irritated facial skin adjacent . A fairly mild case of angular cheilitis extending onto the facial skin in a young person ( affected area is within the black oval ) . <P> Angular cheilitis is a fairly non specific term which describes the presence of an inflammatory lesion in a particular anatomic site ( i.e. the corner of the mouth ) . As there are different possible causes and contributing factors from one person to the next , the appearance of the lesion is somewhat variable . The lesions are more commonly symmetrically present on both sides of the mouth , but sometimes only one side may be affected . In some cases , the lesion may be confined to the mucosa of the lips , and in other cases the lesion may extend past the vermilion border ( the edge where the lining on the lips becomes the skin on the face ) onto the facial skin . Initially , the corners of the mouth develop a gray - white thickening and adjacent erythema ( redness ) . Later , the usual appearance is a roughly triangular area of erythema , edema ( swelling ) and breakdown of skin at either corner of the mouth . The mucosa of the lip may become fissured ( cracked ) , crusted , ulcerated or atrophied . There is not usually any bleeding . Where the skin is involved , there may be radiating rhagades ( linear fissures ) from the corner of the mouth . Infrequently , the dermatitis ( which may resemble eczema ) can extend from the corner of the mouth to the skin of the cheek or chin . If Staphylococcus aureus is involved , the lesion may show golden yellow crusts . In chronic angular cheilitis , there may be suppuration ( pus formation ) , exfoliation ( scaling ) and formation of granulation tissue . </P> <P> Sometimes contributing factors can be readily seen , such as loss of lower face height from poorly made or worn dentures , which results in mandibular overclosure ( `` collapse of jaws '' ) . If there is a nutritional deficiency underlying the condition , various other signs and symptoms such as glossitis ( swollen tongue ) may be present . In people with angular cheilitis who wear dentures , often there may be erythematous mucosa underneath the denture ( normally the upper denture ) , an appearance consistent with denture - related stomatitis . Typically the lesions give symptoms of soreness , pain , pruritus ( itching ) or burning or a raw feeling . </P> <H2> Causes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Angular cheilitis is thought to be multifactorial disorder of infectious origin , with many local and systemic predisposing factors . The sores in angular cheilitis are often infected with fungi ( yeasts ) , bacteria , or a combination thereof ; this may represent a secondary , opportunistic infection by these pathogens . Some studies have linked the initial onset of angular cheilitis with nutritional deficiencies , especially of the B ( B2 - riboflavin ) vitamins and iron ( which causes iron deficiency anemia ) , which in turn may be evidence of malnutrition or malabsorption . Angular cheilitis can be a manifestation of contact dermatitis , which is considered in two groups ; irritational and allergic . </P> <H3> Infection ( edit ) </H3> <P> The involved organisms are : </P> <Ul> <Li> Candida species alone ( usually Candida albicans ) , which accounts for about 20 % of cases , </Li> <Li> Bacterial species , either : <Ul> <Li> Staphylococcus aureus alone , which accounts for about 20 % of cases , </Li> <Li> β - hemolytic streptococci alone . These types of bacteria have been detected in between 8 -- 15 % of cases of angular cheilitis , but less commonly are they present in isolation , </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Or a combination of the above organisms , ( a polymicrobial infection ) with about 60 % of cases involving both C. albicans and S. aureus . </Li> </Ul> <P> Candida can be detected in 93 % of angular cheilitis lesions . This organism is found in the mouths of about 40 % of healthy individuals , and it is considered by some to be normal commensal component of the oral microbiota . However , Candida shows dimorphism , namely a yeast form which is thought to be relatively harmless and a pathogenic hyphal form which is associated with invasion of host tissues . Potassium hydroxide preparation is recommended by some to help distinguish between the harmless and the pathogenic forms , and thereby highlight which cases of angular cheilitis are truly caused by Candida . The mouth may act as a reservoir of Candida that reinfects the sores at the corners of the mouth and prevents the sores from healing . </P> <P> A lesion caused by recurrence of a latent herpes simplex infection can occur in the corner of the mouth . This is herpes labialis ( a cold sore ) , and is sometimes termed `` angular herpes simplex '' . A cold sore at the corner of the mouth behaves similarly to elsewhere on the lips , and follows a pattern of vesicle ( blister ) formation followed by rupture leaving a crusted sore which resolves in about 7 -- 10 days , and recurs in the same spot periodically , especially during periods of stress . Rather than utilizing antifungal creams , angular herpes simplex is treated in the same way as a cold sore , with topical antiviral drugs such as aciclovir . </P> <H3> Irritation contact dermatitis ( edit ) </H3> A famous sketch by Leonardo da Vinci in preparation to depict the face of Judas Iscariot in The Last supper . The subject shows overclosure of the jaws and loss of facial support around the mouth . Pronounced skin folds extending from the corner of the mouth . Main article : Irritant contact dermatitis <P> 22 % of cases of angular cheilitis are due to irritants . Saliva contains digestive enzymes , which may have a degree of digestive action on tissues if they are left in contact . The corner of the mouth is normally exposed to saliva more than any other part of the lips . Reduced lower facial height ( vertical dimension or facial support ) is usually caused by edentulism ( tooth loss ) , or wearing worn down , old dentures or ones which are not designed optimally . This results in overclosure of the mandible ( collapse of the jaws ) , which extenuates the angular skin folds at the corners of the mouth , in effect creating an intertriginous skin crease . The tendency of saliva to pool in these areas is increased , constantly wetting the area , which may cause tissue maceration and favors the development of a yeast infection . As such , angular cheilitis is more commonly seen in edentulous people ( people without any teeth ) . It is by contrast uncommon in persons who retain their natural teeth . Angular cheilitis is also commonly seen in denture wearers . Angular cheilitis is present in about 30 % of people with denture - related stomatitis . It is thought that reduced vertical dimension of the lower face may be a contributing factor in up to 11 % of elderly persons with angular cheilitis and in up to 18 % of denture wearers who have angular cheilitis . Reduced vertical dimension can also be caused by tooth migration , wearing orthodontic appliances , and elastic tissue damage caused by ultraviolet light exposure and smoking . </P> <P> Habits or conditions that keep the corners of the mouth moist might include chronic lip licking , thumb sucking ( or sucking on other objects such as pens , pipes , lollipops ) , dental cleaning ( e.g. flossing ) , chewing gum , hypersalivation , drooling and mouth breathing . Some consider habitual lip licking or picking to be a form of nervous tic , and do not consider this to be true angular cheilitis , instead calling it perlèche ( derived from the French word pourlècher meaning `` to lick one 's lips '' ) , or `` factitious cheilitis '' is applied to this habit . The term `` cheilocandidiasis '' describes exfoliative ( flaking ) lesions of the lips and the skin around the lips , and is caused by a superficial candidal infection due to chronic lip licking . Less severe cases occur during cold , dry weather , and is a form of chapped lips . Individuals may lick their lips in an attempt to provide a temporary moment of relief , only serving to worsen the condition . </P> <P> The sunscreen in some types of lip balm degrades over time into an irritant . Using expired lipbalm can initiate mild angular cheilitis , and when the person applies more lipbalm to alleviate the

Cracked skin at the corners of your mouth is typically caused by an

What causes cracked skin at the corners of your mouth?

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A Whiter Shade of Pale - wikipedia <H1> A Whiter Shade of Pale </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` A Whiter Shade of Pale '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A-side label of the UK vinyl single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Procol Harum </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Procol Harum </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Lime Street Blues '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 12 May 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 - inch record </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> Olympic Sound Studios , London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Baroque pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 03 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Deram </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Gary Brooker , Keith Reid , Matthew Fisher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Denny Cordell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Procol Harum singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` A Whiter Shade of Pale '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Homburg '' ( 1967 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` A Whiter Shade of Pale '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Homburg '' ( 1967 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` A Whiter Shade of Pale '' is the debut single by the British rock band Procol Harum , released 12 May 1967 . The single reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on 8 June 1967 and stayed there for six weeks . Without much promotion , it reached number 5 on the Bilboard pop chart in the United States . One of the anthems of the 1967 Summer of Love , it is one of fewer than 30 singles to have sold over 10 million copies worldwide . </P> <P> With its Bach - derived instrumental melody , soulful vocals , and unusual lyrics -- by the song 's co-authors Gary Brooker , Keith Reid and Matthew Fisher -- `` A Whiter Shade of Pale '' reached No. 1 in several countries when released in 1967 . In the years since , it has become an enduring classic . It was the most played song in the last 75 years in public places in the UK ( as of 2009 ) , and the United Kingdom performing rights group Phonographic Performance Limited in 2004 recognised it as the most - played record by British broadcasting of the past 70 years . Also in 2004 , Rolling Stone placed `` A Whiter Shade of Pale '' 57th on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . </P> <P> In 1977 , the song was named joint winner ( along with Queen 's `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' ) of `` The Best British Pop Single 1952 -- 1977 '' at the Brit Awards . In 1998 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . More than 1000 recorded cover versions by other artists are known . The song has been included in many music compilations over the decades and has also been used in the soundtracks of numerous films , including The Big Chill , Purple Haze , Breaking the Waves , The Boat That Rocked , Martin Scorsese 's segment of New York Stories , Stonewall , Oblivion and Ken Burns and Lynn Novick 's documentary series The Vietnam War . Cover versions of the song have also been featured in many films , for example , by King Curtis in Withnail and I and by Annie Lennox in The Net . </P> <P> The original writing credits were for Brooker and Reid only . On 30 July 2009 , Matthew Fisher won co-writing credit for the music in a unanimous ruling from the Law Lords . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Recording and personnel </Li> <Li> 2 Lyrics </Li> <Li> 3 Composition </Li> <Li> 4 Release and reception </Li> <Li> 5 Promotional films </Li> <Li> 6 Authorship lawsuit </Li> <Li> 7 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Weekly singles charts </Li> <Li> 7.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Annie Lennox version <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Sources </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Recording and personnel ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song was performed and recorded at Olympic Sound Studios in London , England , with Gary Brooker providing the vocals and piano , Matthew Fisher on a Hammond M - 102 organ , David Knights on bass and Ray Royer on guitar . Drums were by session drummer Bill Eyden . A few days later , the song was re-recorded with the band 's then newly recruited drummer Bobby Harrison , but that version was discarded , and one of the original mono recordings was chosen for release . </P> <P> Producer for the record was Denny Cordell , and Keith Grant was the sound engineer . The song was included on the US release of the Procol Harum album , in September 1967 , but not on the later UK version . </P> <H2> Lyrics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Reid got the title and starting point for the song at a party . He overheard someone at the party saying to a woman , `` You 've turned a whiter shade of pale '' , and the phrase stuck in his mind . The original lyrics had four verses , of which only two are heard on the original recording . The third verse has been heard in live performances by Procol Harum , and more seldom also the fourth . The author of Procol Harum : Beyond the Pale , Claes Johansen , suggests that the song `` deals in metaphorical form with a male / female relationship which after some negotiation ends in a sexual act '' . This is supported by Tim de Lisle in Lives of the Great Songs , who remarks that the lyrics concern a drunken seduction , which is described through references to sex as a form of travel , usually nautical , using mythical and literary journeys . Other observers have also commented that the lyrics concern a sexual relationship . </P> <P> Contrary to the above interpretations , Reid was quoted in the February 2008 issue of Uncut magazine as saying : </P> <P> I was trying to conjure a mood as much as tell a straightforward , girl - leaves - boy story . With the ceiling flying away and room humming harder , I wanted to paint an image of a scene . I was n't trying to be mysterious with those images , I was trying to be evocative . I suppose it seems like a decadent scene I 'm describing . But I was too young to have experienced any decadence , then . I might have been smoking when I conceived it , but not when I wrote . It was influenced by books , not drugs . </P> <P> Structurally and thematically , the song is unusual in many respects . While the recorded version is 4 : 03 long , it is composed of only two verses , each with chorus . The piece is also more instrument - driven than most songs of the period , and with a much looser rhyme scheme . Its unusually allusive and referential lyrics are much more complex than most lyrics of the time ( for example , the chorus focuses on Chaucer 's `` The Miller 's Tale '' ) . Thus , this piece can be considered an early example of progressive rock . </P> <P> The phrase a whiter shade of pale has since gained widespread use in the English language , noticed by several dictionaries . As such , the phrase is today often used in contexts independent of any consideration of the song . It has also been heavily paraphrased , in forms like `` an Xer shade of Y '' , to the extent that it has been recognised as a snowclone -- a type of cliché and phrasal template . </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> The song 's distinctive , Bach - inspired organ part was played on a Hammond M102 . <P> The song is in moderate time in C major and is characterised by the bassline moving stepwise downwards in a repeated pattern throughout . In classical music this is known as a ground bass . The harmonic structure is identical for the organ melody , the verse and the chorus , except that the chorus finishes with a cadence . The main organ melody appears at the beginning and after each verse / chorus . But it is also heard throughout , playing variations of its theme and counterpointing the vocal line . As the chorus commences `` And so it was , that later ... '' , the vocal and organ accompaniment begin a short crescendo , with the organist running his finger rapidly down and up the entire keyboard . The final instrumental fades out to silence -- a common device in pop music of the time . </P> <P> A BBC Radio 4 programme in the 2018 series `` Soul Music '' pointed out the resemblance between the Hammond Organ line of `` A Whiter Shade of Pale '' and J.S. Bach 's Air from his Orchestral Suite No. 3 BWV1068 , ( the `` Air on the G string '' ) where the sustained opening note of the main melodic line flowers into a free - flowing melody against a descending bass line : </P> Bach Air from Suite 3 bars 1 - 2 Bach Air from Suite 3 bars 1 - 3 <P> Allan Moore notes `` a certain family resemblance '' that `` creates the sense of ( Bach 's ) music without actually quoting it . '' The similarity is also referred to humorously in the 1982 play The Real Thing by Tom Stoppard and in the 1991 film The Commitments . Other writers have noted similar `` family resemblances '' to other works by Bach : the Sinfonia which opens the cantata Ich steh mit einem Fuß im Grabe , BWV 156 , the organ chorale Prelude `` O Mensch , bewein ' dein ' Sünde groß '' ( O Man , Lament Your Sin So Great ) , BWV 622 , from the Orgelbüchlein ( Little Organ Book ) and the Cantata Sleepers Wake , BWV140 . </P> <P> The music also borrows ideas from `` When a Man Loves a Woman '' by Percy Sledge . </P> <H2> Release and reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The single was released on 12 May 1967 in the United Kingdom by Deram Records and entered Record Retailer 's chart ( later the UK Singles Chart ) on 25 May . In two weeks it reached number 1 , where it stayed for six weeks . Writing in 2005 , Jim Irvin of Mojo said that its arrival at number 1 on 8 June 1967 , on the same day that the Beatles ' Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band topped the national albums chart , marked the start of the Summer of Love in Britain . </P> <P> According to music journalist and author Harvey Kubernik , in the context of the Summer of Love , `` A Whiter Shade of Pale '' was the `` one song ( that ) stood above all others , its Everest - like status conferred by no less than John Lennon and Paul McCartney , who were enthralled by the Chaucerian wordplay and heavenly Baroque accompaniment '' . Kubernik also writes that , amid the search for higher consciousness during the flower power era , the song `` galvanised a congregation of disaffected youth dismissive of traditional religion but anxious to achieve spiritual salvation '' . In his 1981 article on the musical and societal developments of

The song "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was originally recorded and performed by

Who sang a whiter shade of pale first?

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Burzahom Archaeological site - wikipedia <H1> Burzahom Archaeological site </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Burzahom archaeological site <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> برزۂہوم </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A pot excavated from Burzahom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Shown within India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Srinagar , Jammu and Kashmir </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 34 ° 10 ′ N 73 ° 54 ′ E  /  34.167 ° N 73.900 ° E  / 34.167 ; 73.900 Coordinates : 34 ° 10 ′ N 73 ° 54 ′ E  /  34.167 ° N 73.900 ° E  / 34.167 ; 73.900 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Pre-historic Settlement </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Periods </Th> <Td> Neolithic , Megalithic and early Historic period . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Site notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Excavation dates </Th> <Td> 1939 and from 1960 to 1971 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Archaeologists </Th> <Td> de Terra and Patersonof Yale - Cambridge Expedition in 1939 and T.N. Khazanchi and his team of ASI from 1960 and 1971 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Burzahom archaeological site is located in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir . Archaeological excavations have revealed four phases of cultural significance between 3000 BC and 1000 BC . Periods I and II represent the Neolithic era ; Period IlI the Megalithic era ( of massive stone menhirs and wheel turned red pottery ) ; and Period IV relates to the early Historical Period ( Post-megalithic period ) . The findings , recorded in stratified cultural deposits representing prehistoric human activity in Kashmir , are based on detailed investigations that cover all aspects of the physical evidence of the site , including the ancient flora and fauna . </P> <P> The Burzahom site revealed the transition from the subterranean and ground level housing features of the Neolithic people to the mudbrick structures of the Megalithic people . The large cache of tools and implements made of bone and stone found at the site shows that the inhabitants were hunting and farming . </P> <P> The unearthed Antiquities ( of art , architecture , customs and rituals ) indicate that the prehistoric people of the Burzahom established contact with Central Asia and South West Asia and also had links to the Gangetic plains and peninsular India . The interaction of local and foreign influences is demonstrated by the art , architecture , customs , rituals and language demonstrated by some engravings on pottery and other artifacts . Some historians have stated that the Vedic Aryan culture extended into Kashmir , but archaeological investigation at Burzahom does not support the theory . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Location </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Discovery <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Period I </Li> <Li> 3.2 Period II </Li> <Li> 3.3 Period III </Li> <Li> 3.4 Period IV </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Preservation </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Location ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Burzahom site is a prehistoric settlement in the village of the same name in the Srinagar District . It is 16 kilometres ( 9.9 mi ) to the northeast of Srinagar on the Naseem - Shalimar road . The elevation of the site is 1,800 metres ( 5,900 ft ) above sea - level . It is the northernmost excavated Neolithic site of India . The site is on an ancient Pleistocene lake bed . The location is in a high terrace which is part of the floodplain of the Jhelum river and has Karewa soil ( clay ) formation . The site has a commanding view of the Dal lake which is about 2 kilometres ( 1.2 mi ) away . In the Kashmiri language ' Burzahom ' means `` birch '' , a tree species ( that generally grows in the elevation range of 3,000 to 4,200 metres ( 9,800 to 13,800 ft ) in the Himalayas ) , which is found in the excavated housing area in the form of roofing material , and thus confirming the existence of the tree even in the pre-historic Neolithic times . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first excavation at the Burzahom site was a limited exercise in 1936 , carried out by the Yale -- Cambridge Expedition headed by Helmut de Terra and Dr. Thomson Paterson . The Frontier Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India made detailed investigations of the site between 1960 and 1971 ; these were carried out by T.N. Khazanchi and his associates . </P> <P> The extensive excavations done at this site , unearthing stratified cultural deposits , were the first of their type in Kashmir . In 1944 , Mortimer Wheeler , Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India had conducted the first stratified archaeological excavations on the lines of geological model at other sites . Based on a similar model the Burzahom site has been named as the Northern Neolithic Culture in view of its distinctive structural features with profusion of tools made of bones and stones and tools representing the ritualistic practices . </P> <P> Gufkral represents another related site in the area , near the town of Tral . Also , Hariparigam , and Awantipura , in the same area , are related . </P> <P> Skeletal remains of Neolithic people found at Burzahom are similar to those found in Harappa of the Indus Valley Civilization . Some historians have stated that the Vedic Aryan culture extended into Kashmir , but archaeological investigation at Burzahom does not support the `` Aryans in Kashmir '' theory </P> <P> The management and protection of the Burzahom site , including the buffer zones , are under the jurisdiction of the Archaeological Survey of India and the State Department of Archaeology conforming to the Ancient Monuments and Sites Remains Act 1958 ( Amended in 2010 ) . </P> <P> This site was nominated on 15 April 2014 for inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , and is yet to be approved . </P> <H2> Discovery ( edit ) </H2> Pot , excavated from Burzahom with painting of a wild goat with long horns and hanging ears . <P> The excavation at Burzahom was carried out in both vertical ( depth wise ) and horizontal directions ; the depth provided the stratification features while the phasing of each stratification was provided by the horizontal excavations . Four periods of continuous occupational sequence at the site were documented over a period of 11 years of investigations from 1960 to 1971 . These are : Periods I and II of the Neolithic ( Period I is called aceramic and Period II is called ceramic ) origin , particularly characterized by dwelling pits ( the largest measuring 2.74 metres ( 9 ft 0 in ) at the top to 4.75 metres ( 15.6 ft ) at the base at a depth of 3.95 metres ( 13.0 ft ) ) ; Period III of the Megalithic sequence noted by the free standing large stone Menhirs installed at the site by shifting boulders manually from the hills ; and Period IV of the early Modern Period . The skeletal remains of the Neolithic humans found at Burzahom are similar to those found in Harappa of the Indus Valley Civilization . </P> <P> Burzahom 's ceramic industry was mostly of hunting based culture and is different from the Chinese Neolithic pottery . The economy of the people was found to be based on hunting and gathering with a nascent stage of cultivation practices . Pottery made in Burzahom showed close affinity to those found in the Swat valley in Pakistan , particularly in respect of its shapes and decorations of the black ware pottery . The burial practices and type of tools recovered from the site were inferred as having close resemblance to those found in the North Chinese Neolithic culture . </P> <H3> Period I ( edit ) </H3> <P> The remarkable find during this period was of pits which were inferred as dwelling units ; these were in circular or oval shape dug in compact natural Karewa soil formation . Some of the deep pits had steps and ladder access to the bottom level . In some of the pits the stratification revealed ash and charcoal layers , which denoted human occupancy . Post holes on the sides of pits at the surface level denoted the presence of superstructures covered with thatch made of birch . Shallow pits of circular shape of 60 -- 91 centimetres ( 24 -- 36 in ) diameter adjoining the housing pits were found to contain bones of animals and also tools made of bones ( of antlers used for making tools ) and stones ( harpoons , needles with or without eyes , awls ) . </P> <P> Carbon dating established that the Neolithic culture of this site was traceable to the 3rd millennium BC , the earliest occupation at the site was dated to before 2,357 BC . </P> <P> The pottery found at the site were in an early stage of hand crafting , of the coarse variety , in steel - grey , dull red , brown , and buff colours with mat prints at the bottom ; they were in the shape of bowl , vase and stem . The antiquities did not reveal any signs of burials sites . </P> <P> Late Kot - Diji type pots were found belonging to Period Ib . </P> <H3> Period II ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the Period II , the finds excavated revealed that people had moved out from pit dwelling to structures built at the ground level . However , the pits and its associated chambers formed the base floor of the superstructure , which was made up by filling the pits and covering it with mud plaster , and occasionally painted in red ochre . Post-holes around the pits revealed that the superstructures were made of wood built over compacted Karewa soil floors . </P> <P> This period also brought out , for the first time , the burial customs of the Neolithic people . Both human and animal skeletons were found in deep oval shaped pits , located either below the floors of the dwelling units or in its precincts . These pits were filled with ash , stones and potsherds . Some of the human skulls found here had trepanning ( bored hole ) marks . In many pits , bones of dogs and antlered deer were found along with human skeletons . The skeletons of humans were found in the burial pits in a sitting position along with bones of animals . </P> <P> Pottery finds showed better finish compared to the earlier Period I . The pots were of polished black ware , mostly handmade , in the form of a dish with stand , a high - necked jar , and so forth . Also found was a wheel turned red ware pot which contained 950 beads made from carnelian and agate ( inferred as items for sale ) , which was thought to belong to the later part of this period . A very impressive painted pottery ware recovered from this period was a globular red ware pot made on a turntable ; the painting on the pot was of a wild goat of black colour with long horns and hanging ears . Another pottery item which is of interest is a polished black ware in globular shape jar with a long neck and flaring mouth . </P> <P> An interesting find of this period is of two standalone finished flat stone slabs . The carving on one is not distinct . The other stone slab is 48 -- 27 centimetres ( 19 -- 11 in ) which depicts , on one polished side , sketches of hunting scenes such as a hunter spearing ( with a Ker ) an antlered deer and another hunter in the process of releasing an arrow , and a sketch

The roofs of houses in Burzahom were built with

What material was used to build the roofs of houses in burzahom?

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Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( season 19 ) - wikipedia <H1> Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( season 19 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( season 19 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Season 19 promotion cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mariska Hargitay </Li> <Li> Kelli Giddish </Li> <Li> Ice - T </Li> <Li> Peter Scanavino </Li> <Li> Raúl Esparza </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> NBC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> September 27 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 27 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← Previous Season 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The nineteenth season of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit premiered on September 27 , 2017 . </P> <P> Michael Chernuchin , who had previously worked on Law & Order , Law & Order : Criminal Intent , and Chicago Justice took over from Rick Eid as showrunner . This is also the first season since season twelve in 2010 - 2011 , that another Law & Order series -- Law & Order : True Crime - The Menendez Murders -- aired alongside SVU on NBC . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Production <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Storylines </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main cast </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring cast </Li> <Li> 2.3 Guest stars </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes </Li> <Li> 4 Ratings </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Law & Order : Special Victims Unit was renewed for a nineteenth season on May 12 , 2017 . Michael S. Chernuchin , who had previously worked on Law & Order , Law & Order : Criminal Intent , and Chicago Justice took over from Rick Eid as showrunner , after Eid left to be showrunner for the fifth season of Chicago P.D. after only one season as showrunner . Production on the season started on July 20 , 2017 . </P> <H3> Storylines ( edit ) </H3> <P> Showrunner / executive producer Michael Chernuchin told The Hollywood Reporter that this season of SVU would be ' ripping the headlines ' of more current and political events such as the Charlottesville riots . Chernuchin noting , `` Conflict . It 's just the state of the world today with everybody . Everybody 's political now and everything is political now and we want to deal with that . '' Kate Stanhope at THR also mentioned to Chernuchin about the pulled episode ( `` Unstoppable '' ) from last season , asking him if he was hesitant about diving into politics this season . Chernuchin replied , `` I 'm not going to a choose a side . I wo n't choose a side . I 'm going to present both political views and let the audience decide which one is right . My goal , and I told the writers on this on the first day of our writers ' room , is at the end of every episode , I want half the audience to throw their shoes at the television and the other half to stand up and cheer . '' </P> <P> Another episode Chernuchin told THR would be based on Charlie Gard , an infant in England who was born with a rare genetic disorder that causes progressive brain damage and muscle failure . `` That 's a life and death story , '' Chernuchin explained . `` Cat - fishing , '' cyberbullying -- which he described to THR as `` ( SVU 's ) answer to 13 Reasons Why -- and an airplane episode covering `` all the turmoil on airplanes these days . '' Chernuchin concluded , `` We are ripping things from the headlines . Some of them are big , famous headlines and some of them are smaller headlines . '' </P> <P> On September 8 , 2017 , Chernuchin gave an overview of the season premiere and outlook on the season as a whole to TV Line ; noting that A.D.A. Barba ( Raul Esparza ) would start having other problems than court battles when Peter Stone ( Philip Winchester ) shows up , Stone pushing Barba into `` a huge moral decision . '' Chernuchin also teased that Lieutenant Benson 's life would be getting worse before it gets any better , `` What I told Mariska ( Hargitay ) when I came aboard is , ' You 're a broken woman , because of your past , and I 'm going to drag you through the woods and you 're gon na come out the other side a better person , '' he previewed . `` So we 're gon na throw the kitchen sink at her ( Benson ) . '' He also mentioned there 's a possibility of romance for Benson : `` There might be , she 's not looking for it , but it might happen . '' In an interview with E ! News , Kelli Giddish ( Det . Amanda Rollins ) says a change in Benson and Rollins ' relationship dynamic is coming , `` I 'm so looking forward to developing a friendship with Benson , the Rollins and Benson relationship , because they have so much in common . '' Benson and Rollins ' relationship being rocky , most notably between seasons fifteen and eighteen as Benson began ' moving up the ranks ' to Sergeant and then Lieutenant . `` They have been at odds , it 's just nice to come into that office and know that we 're not going to fight and kind of support each other as I think these two characters would in real life , '' Giddish continued . </P> <P> An episode based on the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations titled Flight Risk has been slated for a January 2018 air date . `` We are hitting Harvey Weinstein head - on , but it 's not in the realm of the entertainment business , '' Michael Chernuchin said in an interview . `` It 's a real important episode about the rape culture in an industry , and we wanted to try stretch the law to criminalize that sort of environment . '' </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <P> The entire main cast from the previous season returned . In August 2017 , it was announced that Philip Winchester would reprise his role as Assistant State 's Attorney Peter Stone from Chicago Justice , appearing around the midpoint of the season . New show runner / executive producer Michael Chernuchin told Entertainment Weekly that Stone 's character would be coming in as an antagonist and that he will be a foil for A.D.A. Barba ( Raul Esparza ) this season ; Stone 's character is n't necessarily taking his ( Barba 's ) job . `` There 's more than one A.D.A. in New York ( ... ) Philip will come in and he wo n't be the nicest person our characters have ever met . What he 's going to be doing , too , is basically bringing all of the franchises into one . He 's connecting Law & Order , the Chicago franchises and now SVU . '' </P> <H3> Main cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Mariska Hargitay as Lieutenant Olivia Benson </Li> <Li> Kelli Giddish as Detective Amanda Rollins </Li> <Li> Ice - T as Detective Odafin `` Fin '' Tutuola </Li> <Li> Peter Scanavino as Detective Dominick `` Sonny '' Carisi , Jr . </Li> <Li> Raúl Esparza as A.D.A. Rafael Barba </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Dean Winters as DA Investigator Brian Cassidy </Li> <Li> Barbara Miluski as Judge Lisa Peck </Li> <Li> Peter Jacobson as Defence Attorney Randy Dworkin </Li> <Li> Vincent Curatola as Judge Al Burtuccio </Li> <Li> Brooke Shields as Sheila Porter </Li> <Li> Ami Brabson as Judge Karyn Blake </Li> <Li> Peter Hermann as Defense Attorney Trevor Langan </Li> <Li> Steve Rosen as Defence Attorney Michael Guthrie </Li> <Li> Jayne Houdyshell as Judge Ruth Linden </Li> <Li> Peter Gallagher as Deputy Chief William Dodds </Li> <Li> Maureen Mueller as Counselor Susan Janet </Li> </Ul> <H3> Guest stars ( edit ) </H3> <P> It was announced on August 11 , 2017 by The Hollywood Reporter that actress Brooke Shields would play a ' major ' recurring role throughout the course of the season . `` I play a very different character from any I have ever played , '' Shields commented . `` I 'm excited to stir the SVU pot a bit . '' THR noted that details of her role are being kept under wraps , although it 's been teased that Shields ' role will `` shake up Benson 's ( Mariska Hargitay ) world . '' At the New York Fashion Week event on September 7 , 2017 , Shields talked about her `` complicated '' character ; `` We 're discovering the character , '' she said of her at the time , mysterious recurring role , `` it 's pretty complicated and it 's gut wrenching . What 's so amazing about the show is that the characters are so rich and layered , and they 're just filtering me through it . '' Shields also noted that her character was set to begin appearing in the third episode ( `` Contrapasso '' ) of the season. . In that episode 's last scene , Shields ' character was revealed to be Noah 's previously unknown grandmother , Sheila Porter , who challenged Benson for custody before becoming friends . Her story arc finished in 2018 when Sheila abducted Noah in a cliffhanger episode . </P> <P> On August 18 , Entertainment Weekly released a sneak - peak of the script of SVU 's season 19 premiere episode ( titled : `` Gone Fishin ' '' ) and announced that Will Chase would be guest starring as Byron Marks , an accused rapist who turned fugitive when he fled to Cuba six years prior , he is caught by Fin ( Ice T ) in the premiere 's opening scenes . Amy Smart guest starred as one of Marks ' victims , and Peter Jacobson -- who previously guest starred in the thirteenth - season finale and recurred in season fourteen as a pimp named Bart Ganzel -- guest starred in the premiere as his recurring mothership Law & Order character , Defense Attorney Randy Dworkin , a character created by Michael Chernuchin during his tenure on L&O . Annabeth Gish guest starred in the third episode of the season . She portrayed a defense attorney in a case where a man is castrated and left for dead ; leading the SVU squad to three female suspects with possible motives . Cleveland Cavaliers point guard Isaiah Thomas , made a cameo appearance as himself in an October episode ( `` Complicated '' ) of SVU . Thomas ' cameo appearance occurs in the midst of a missing persons investigation . </P> <P> Mike Faist , a Tony Award - nominated actor starring as Connor Murphy in Broadway musical Dear Evan Hansen , guest starred as a young man struggling with the long - ago disappearance of his sister in `` Complicated '' . The Walking Dead alum , Brighton Sharbino guest starred as a teenager who disappears when her classmates make her the subject of a cyberbullying attack . Madison Pettis also guest stars in the episode , titled `` No Good Reason '' , which aired on NBC , October 18th 2017 . Another Broadway star , Christiane Noll , guest starred in the episode `` Unintended Consquences ''

The new season of Law and Order SVU premieres on

When does the new season of law and order svu come on?

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waste products of digestion ( feces ) are defecated from the anus via the rectum . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Components <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Mouth <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Salivary glands <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1.1 Saliva </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Tongue <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 2.1 Taste </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Teeth </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Epiglottis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Pharynx </Li> <Li> 1.3 Esophagus </Li> <Li> 1.4 Diaphragm </Li> <Li> 1.5 Stomach </Li> <Li> 1.6 Spleen </Li> <Li> 1.7 Liver <Ul> <Li> 1.7. 1 Bile </Li> <Li> 1.7. 2 Gallbladder </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.8 Pancreas </Li> <Li> 1.9 Lower gastrointestinal tract <Ul> <Li> 1.9. 1 Small intestine </Li> <Li> 1.9. 2 Cecum </Li> <Li> 1.9. 3 Large intestine </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Blood supply </Li> <Li> 3 Nerve supply </Li> <Li> 4 Development </Li> <Li> 5 Clinical significance <Ul> <Li> 5.1 In pregnancy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Components ( edit ) </H2> Historical depiction of the digestive system , 17th century Persia <P> There are several organs and other components involved in the digestion of food . The organs known as the accessory digestive glands are the liver , gall bladder and pancreas . Other components include the mouth , salivary glands , tongue , teeth and epiglottis . </P> <P> The largest structure of the digestive system is the gastrointestinal tract ( GI tract ) . This starts at the mouth and ends at the anus , covering a distance of about nine ( 9 ) metres . </P> <P> The largest part of the GI tract is the colon or large intestine . Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste matter is stored prior to defecation . </P> <P> Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine . </P> <P> A major digestive organ is the stomach . Within its mucosa are millions of embedded gastric glands . Their secretions are vital to the functioning of the organ . </P> <P> There are many specialised cells of the GI tract . These include the various cells of the gastric glands , taste cells , pancreatic duct cells , enterocytes and microfold cells . </P> <P> Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the excretory system , including the large intestine . </P> <H3> Mouth ( edit ) </H3> <P> The mouth is the first part of the gastrointestinal tract and is equipped with several structures that begin the first processes of digestion . These include salivary glands , teeth and the tongue . The mouth consists of two regions ; the vestibule and the oral cavity proper . The vestibule is the area between the teeth , lips and cheeks , and the rest is the oral cavity proper . Most of the oral cavity is lined with oral mucosa , a mucous membrane that produces a lubricating mucus , of which only a small amount is needed . Mucous membranes vary in structure in the different regions of the body but they all produce a lubricating mucus , which is either secreted by surface cells or more usually by underlying glands . The mucous membrane in the mouth continues as the thin mucosa which lines the bases of the teeth . The main component of mucus is a glycoprotein called mucin and the type secreted varies according to the region involved . Mucin is viscous , clear , and clinging . Underlying the mucous membrane in the mouth is a thin layer of smooth muscle tissue and the loose connection to the membrane gives it its great elasticity . It covers the cheeks , inner surfaces of the lips , and floor of the mouth . </P> <P> The roof of the mouth is termed the palate and it separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity . The palate is hard at the front of the mouth since the overlying mucosa is covering a plate of bone ; it is softer and more pliable at the back being made of muscle and connective tissue , and it can move to swallow food and liquids . The soft palate ends at the uvula . The surface of the hard palate allows for the pressure needed in eating food , to leave the nasal passage clear . The lips are the mouth 's front boundary and the fauces ( the passageway between the tonsils , also called the throat ) , mark its posterior boundary . </P> <P> At either side of the soft palate are the palatoglossus muscles which also reach into regions of the tongue . These muscles raise the back of the tongue and also close both sides of the fauces to enable food to be swallowed . Mucus helps in the mastication of food in its ability to soften and collect the food in the formation of the bolus . </P> Salivary glands ( edit ) Oral cavity <P> There are three pairs of main salivary glands and between 800 and 1,000 minor salivary glands , all of which mainly serve the digestive process , and also play an important role in the maintenance of dental health and general mouth lubrication , without which speech would be impossible . The main glands are all exocrine glands , secreting via ducts . All of these glands terminate in the mouth . The largest of these are the parotid glands -- their secretion is mainly serous . The next pair are underneath the jaw , the submandibular glands , these produce both serous fluid and mucus . The serous fluid is produced by serous glands in these salivary glands which also produce lingual lipase . They produce about 70 % of the oral cavity saliva . The third pair are the sublingual glands located underneath the tongue and their secretion is mainly mucous with a small percentage of saliva . </P> <P> Within the oral mucosa ( a mucous membrane ) lining the mouth and also on the tongue and palates and mouth floor , are the minor salivary glands ; their secretions are mainly mucous and are innervated by the facial nerve ( the seventh cranial nerve ) . The glands also secrete amylase a first stage in the breakdown of food acting on the carbohydrate in the food to transform the starch content into maltose . There are other glands on the surface of the tongue that encircle taste buds on the back part of the tongue and these also produce lingual lipase . Lipase is a digestive enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of lipids ( fats ) . These glands are termed Von Ebner 's glands which have also been shown to have another function in the secretion of histatins which offer an early defense ( outside of the immune system ) against microbes in food , when it makes contact with these glands on the tongue tissue . Sensory information can stimulate the secretion of saliva providing the necessary fluid for the tongue to work with and also to ease swallowing of the food . </P> Saliva ( edit ) Main article : Saliva <P> Saliva moistens and softens food , and along with the chewing action of the teeth , transforms the food into a smooth bolus . The bolus is further helped by the lubrication provided by the saliva in its passage from the mouth into the esophagus . Also of importance is the presence in saliva of the digestive enzymes amylase and lipase . Amylase starts to work on the starch in carbohydrates , breaking it down into the simple sugars of maltose and dextrose that can be further broken down in the small intestine . Saliva in the mouth can account for 30 % of this initial starch digestion . Lipase starts to work on breaking down fats . Lipase is further produced in the pancreas where it is released to continue this digestion of fats . The presence of salivary lipase is of prime importance in young babies whose pancreatic lipase has yet to be developed . </P> <P> As well as its role in supplying digestive enzymes , saliva has a cleansing action for the teeth and mouth . It also has an immunological role in supplying antibodies to the system , such as immunoglobulin A . This is seen to be key in preventing infections of the salivary glands , importantly that of parotitis . </P> <P> Saliva also contains a glycoprotein called haptocorrin which is a binding protein to vitamin B. It binds with the vitamin in order to carry it safely through the acidic content of the stomach . When it reaches the duodenum , pancreatic enzymes break down the glycoprotein and free the vitamin which then binds with intrinsic factor . </P> Tongue ( edit ) <P> Food enters the mouth where the first stage in the digestive process takes place , with the action of the tongue and the secretion of saliva . The tongue is a fleshy and muscular sensory organ , and the very first sensory information is received via the taste buds in the papillae on its surface . If the taste is agreeable , the tongue will go into action , manipulating the food in the mouth which stimulates the secretion of saliva from the salivary glands . The liquid quality of the saliva will help in the softening of the food and its enzyme content will start to break down the food whilst it is still in the mouth . The first part of the food to be broken down is the starch of carbohydrates ( by the enzyme amylase in the saliva ) . </P> <P> The tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth by a ligamentous band called the frenum and this gives it great mobility for the manipulation of food ( and speech ) ; the range of manipulation is optimally controlled by the action of several muscles and limited in its external range by the stretch of the frenum . The tongue 's two sets of muscles , are four intrinsic muscles that originate in the tongue and are involved with its shaping , and four extrinsic muscles originating in bone that are involved with its movement . </P> Taste ( edit ) Main article : Taste Cross section of circumvallate papilla showing arrangement of nerves and taste buds <P> Taste is a form of chemoreception that takes place in the specialised taste receptors , contained in structures called taste buds in the mouth . Taste buds are mainly on the upper surface ( dorsum ) of the tongue . The function of taste perception is vital to help prevent harmful or rotten foods from being consumed . There are also taste buds on the epiglottis and upper part of the esophagus . The taste buds are innervated by a branch of the facial nerve the chorda tympani , and the glossopharyngeal nerve . Taste messages are sent via these cranial nerves to the brain . The brain can distinguish between the chemical qualities of the food . The five basic tastes are referred to as those of saltiness , sourness , bitterness , sweetness , and umami . The detection of saltiness and sourness enables the control of salt and acid balance . The detection of bitterness warns of poisons -- many of a plant 's defences are of poisonous compounds that are bitter . Sweetness guides to those foods that will supply energy ; the initial breakdown of the energy - giving carbohydrates by salivary amylase creates the taste of sweetness since simple sugars are the first result . The taste of umami is thought to signal protein - rich food . Sour tastes are acidic which is often found in bad food . The brain has to decide very quickly whether the food should be eaten or not . It was the findings in 1991 , describing the first olfactory receptors that helped to prompt the research into taste . The olfactory receptors are located on cell

The initial digestion of starch is expected to occur in

In what part of the digestive tube do you expect the initial digestion of starch?

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For What It 's Worth - wikipedia <H1> For What It 's Worth </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Stephen Stills song . For other uses , see For What It 's Worth ( disambiguation ) . `` What 's that sound ? '' redirects here . For the album , see What 's That Sound ? <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` For What It 's Worth '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Buffalo Springfield </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Buffalo Springfield </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Do I Have to Come Right Out and Say It ? '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> January 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 - inch single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> December 5 , 1966 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> Columbia Studios , Hollywood </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Folk rock </Li> <Li> country rock </Li> <Li> psychedelic rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Atco </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Stephen Stills </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Charles Greene </Li> <Li> Brian Stone </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Buffalo Springfield singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Burned '' ( 1966 ) </Td> <Td> `` For What It 's Worth '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bluebird '' ( 1967 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Burned '' ( 1966 ) </Td> <Td> `` For What It 's Worth '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bluebird '' ( 1967 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` For What It 's Worth ( Stop , Hey What 's That Sound ) '' ( often referred to as simply `` For What It 's Worth '' ) is a song written by Stephen Stills . It was performed by Buffalo Springfield , recorded on December 5 , 1966 , and released as a single on Atco Records in January 1967 . The single peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . This song is currently ranked number 63 on Rolling Stone 's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time as well as the eighth best song of 1967 by Acclaimed Music . </P> <P> It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album , Buffalo Springfield . The title does not appear in the lyrics as it was added after the song was written . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Production </Li> <Li> 3 Legacy </Li> <Li> 4 Covers </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Although `` For What It 's Worth '' is often used as an anti-war song , Stephen Stills was inspired to write the track because of the Sunset Strip curfew riots in November 1966 , a series of early counterculture - era clashes that took place between police and young people on the Sunset Strip in Hollywood , California , beginning in mid-1966 , the same year Buffalo Springfield had become the house band at the Whisky a Go Go on the Sunset Strip . It was within this period local residents and businesses had become annoyed by how crowds of young people going to clubs and music venues along the Strip caused late - night traffic congestion . In response , they lobbied the city to pass local ordinances stopping loitering and enforced a strict curfew on the Strip after 10pm . Young music fans , however , felt the new laws infringed their civil rights . </P> <P> On Saturday , November 12 , 1966 , fliers were distributed on Sunset Strip inviting people to join demonstrations later that day . Several of Los Angeles ' rock radio stations also announced a rally outside the Pandora 's Box club on the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Crescent Heights . That evening , as many as 1,000 young demonstrators , including future celebrities like Jack Nicholson and Peter Fonda ( who was handcuffed by police ) , gathered to protest against the enforcement of the curfew laws . Although the rallies began peacefully , trouble eventually broke out among the protesters and police . The unrest continued the next night and periodically throughout the rest of November and December , forcing some clubs to shut down within weeks . Against the background of these civil disturbances , Stills recorded the song on December 5 , 1966 . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Stills said in an interview that the name of the song came about when he presented it to the record company executive Ahmet Ertegun who signed Buffalo Springfield to the Atlantic Records - owned ATCO label . He said : `` I have this song here , for what it 's worth , if you want it . '' Another producer , Charlie Greene , claims that Stills first said the above sentence to him , but credits Ahmet Ertegun with subtitling the single `` Stop , Hey What 's That Sound '' so that the song would be more easily recognized . </P> <P> The song was recorded on December 5 , 1966 at Columbia Studios , Hollywood . Tom Dowd claims he mixed the song at Atlantic 's studio in New York , though this is disputed by others . He did take part in the production of Cher 's version of the song in 1969. . The song is distinguished with the use of the guitar harmonics technique and sound . </P> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song quickly became a well - known protest song . In 2006 , when interviewed on Tom Kent 's radio show Into the ' 70s , Stephen Stills pointed out that many people think `` For What It 's Worth '' is about the Kent State shootings ( 1970 ) , even though the song predates that event by over three years . Neil Young , Stills ' bandmate in both Buffalo Springfield and Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young , would later write `` Ohio '' , in response to the events at Kent State and include a live version of `` For What It 's Worth '' with modified lyrics to reflect the Kent State shootings on their album `` 4 Way Street '' . </P> <P> An all - star version of `` For What It 's Worth '' with Tom Petty and others , was played at Buffalo Springfield 's induction by Petty to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 ; Young did not attend . </P> <H2> Covers ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` For What It 's Worth '' has been covered , sampled , and referenced in numerous musical performances . Versions include those by The Staple Singers ( US # 66 in 1967 ) , Cher , Oui 3 , Queensrÿche ( on their Take Cover album ) and Public Enemy . Cher 's 1969 cover did not enter the Billboard Hot 100 ; AllMusic retrospectively called her version `` mature ( and ) forceful '' . </P> <P> David Cassidy recorded an extended live version for his 1974 album Cassidy Live ! ( Bell Records , UK # 9 ; recorded live in Great Britain in May 1974 ) . The track features extensive and complex lead guitar solos played by Cassidy himself . The album received rave reviews . Writing for Allmusic , critic Dave Thompson wrote , `` Recorded live on his 1974 world tour , at the height ( and , though nobody knew it , in the final days ) of Cassidy - mania , Cassidy Live is a peculiar document , on the one hand standing as an indication of just how fierce the hysteria around the lad was , but , on the other , living proof of what a sensational showman he was ; as evidenced by tracks like ' For What It 's Worth ' . '' Thompson summed up his review by saying , `` Rock history has sidelined Cassidy with a finality that seems almost personal , shovelling him up a teen idol side street from which the only escape was retirement and resignation . Cassidy Live , however , was recorded while he still thought he had a chance of advancing -- and few period live albums come even close to capturing its excitement . '' </P> <P> Public Enemy sampled `` For What It 's Worth '' , for their 1998 song `` He Got Game '' , which also featured Stephen Stills . Oui 3 adapted the song for their 1993 debut single of the same name , which reached number 26 in the UK chart . In 2017 , Haley Reinhart released a cover of the song as the third single from her third studio album , What 's That Sound ? </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Unterberger , Richie . `` Great Moments in Folk Rock : Lists of Author Favorites '' . Richieunterberger.com . Retrieved 2011 - 01 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fontenot , Robert . `` What is Country Rock ? '' . ThoughtCo . About.com . Retrieved March 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jim DeRogatis ( 1996 ) . Kaleidoscope Eyes : Psychedelic Rock from the ' 60s to the ' 90s . Carol Publishing Group . p. 51 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8065 - 1788 - 9 . Retrieved 13 October 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Google Books archive Billboard March 25 , 1967 retrieved 25 March 2017 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Acclaimed Music Top 3000 songs '' . Acclaimed Music . 27 May 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : David Browne ( November 11 , 2016 ) . `` ' For What It 's Worth ' : Inside Buffalo Springfield 's Classic Protest Song '' . Rolling Stone . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gilliland , John ( 1969 ) . `` Show 34 -- Revolt of the Fat Angel : American musicians respond to the British invaders . ( Part 2 ) : UNT Digital Library '' ( audio ) . Pop Chronicles . University of North Texas Libraries . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Sunset Strip Riots Closing of club ignited the ' Sunset Strip riots ' '' . Los Angeles Times . 2007 - 08 - 05 . Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 16 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Einarson , John ; Furay , Richie ( 2004 ) . For What It 's Worth : The Story of Buffalo Springfield . Taylor Trade Publications . p. 127 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8154 - 1281 - 6 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jimmy McDonough ( 2003 ) . Shakey : Neil Young 's Biography . Random House . p. 201 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top 20 Pop Spotlight Cher - For What It 's Worth '' . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media , Inc. 16 Aug 1969 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lustig , Jay ( 18 February 2011 ) . `` Song of the Day : ' Rock ' n ' Roll Woman , ' Buffalo Springfield '' . The Star - Ledger . Retrieved 19 February 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stevenson , Tommy ( 20 October 2010 ) . `` ' Days of Rage ' conference revisits unrest of May 1970 '' . Tuscaloosa News . Retrieved 19 February 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` CSN , Jackson 5 Join Rock and Roll Hall of Fame '' . Rolling Stone . 8 May 1997 .

The song "Stop, Hey What's That Sound" is sung by

Who sings stop listen what's that sound?

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The Gift of the Magi - wikipedia <H1> The Gift of the Magi </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the short story . For the Magi that visited baby Jesus , see Biblical Magi . For other uses , see The Gift of the Magi ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` The Gift of the Magi '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> O. Henry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United states </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Short story </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published in </Th> <Td> The Four Million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication type </Th> <Td> Anthology </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> December 10 , 1905 ( newspaper ) ; April 10 , 1906 ( book ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` The Gift of the Magi '' is a short story , written by O. Henry ( a pen name for William Sydney Porter ) , about a young husband and wife and how they deal with the challenge of buying secret Christmas gifts for each other with very little money . As a sentimental story with a moral lesson about gift - giving , it has been a popular one for adaptation , especially for presentation at Christmas time . The plot and its twist ending are well - known , and the ending is generally considered an example of comic irony . It was allegedly written at Pete 's Tavern on Irving Place in New York City . </P> <P> The story was initially published in The New York Sunday World under the title `` Gifts of the Magi '' on December 10 , 1905 . It was first published in book form in the O. Henry Anthology The Four Million in April 1906 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Summary </Li> <Li> 2 Adaptations </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> Mr. James Dillingham Young ( `` Jim '' ) and his wife , Della , are a couple living in a modest apartment . </P> <P> On Christmas Eve , with only $1.87 in hand , and desperate to find a gift for Jim , Della sells her hair for $20 to a nearby hairdresser named Madame Sofronie , and eventually finds a platinum pocket watch fob chain for Jim 's watch for $21 . Satisfied with the perfect gift for Jim , Della runs home and begins to prepare pork chops for dinner . </P> <P> At 7 o'clock , Della sits at a table near the door , waiting for Jim to come home . Unusually late , Jim walks in and immediately stops short at the sight of Della , who had previously prayed that she was still pretty to Jim . Della then admits to Jim that she sold her hair to buy him his present . Jim gives Della her present -- an assortment of combs , useless now that her hair is short . Della then shows Jim the chain she bought for him , to which Jim says he sold his watch to get the money to buy her combs . Although Jim and Della are now left with gifts that neither one can use , they realize how far they are willing to go to show their love for each other , and how priceless their love really is . </P> <P> The story ends with the narrator comparing the pair 's mutually sacrificial gifts of love with those of the Biblical Magi . </P> <H2> Adaptations ( edit ) </H2> <P> The story has been adapted to films , The Sacrifice ( 1909 ) , Love 's Surprises Are Futile ( 1916 ) , The Gift of the Magi ( 1917 ) , a segment of O. Henry 's Full House ( 1952 ) , The Gift of Love ( 1978 ) , The Gift of the Magi ( 1958 ) , Dary magów ( Poland , 1972 ) , Christmas Eve on Sesame Street ( 1978 ) , I 'll not be a gangster , love ( Не буду гангстером , дорогая / Nebūsiu gangsteriu , brangioji , USSR , 1978 ) , Mickey 's Once Upon a Christmas ( 1999 ) , The Gift of the Magi ( 2004 ) and the short film for the Irish band The Script in 2010 called For the First Time . Love , another French movie , based some of its scenes on this story . Raincoat ( 2004 ) , a Hindi film directed by Rituparno Ghosh is an adaptation of the story . The Greek film directed by Ismene Daskarolis ( 2014 ) places it in the economical crisis of Greece today . The Mexican film Nosotros los pobres includes this tale as a small sub-plot . There is also a Bulgarian short film adaptation known as `` Darovete na vlahvite '' ( 2013 ) directed by Ivan Abadjiev . </P> <Ul> <Li> An off - Broadway musical version entitled The Gifts of the Magi premiered at Lamb 's Theatre in New York City in 1984 . Written by Mark St. Germain and Randy Courts , the play is regularly produced in schools and regional theaters . </Li> <Li> In 1955 , in The Honeymooners episode 13 of season 1 , `` ' Twas the Night Before Christmas '' involves Ralph looking for the perfect present for Alice for Christmas . Without money , he pawns his prized bowling ball to buy her an expensive gift , only to find out in the end that she bought him a custom bowling ball bag . </Li> <Li> In 1992 , in Rugrats episode 27 `` The Santa Experience '' , Phil does n't know what to get Lil , so Angelica convinces him to give up his precious Reptar to get Lil markers for her Color Me book , and then convinces Lil to give up the Color Me book to get a space helmet for Phil 's Reptar even though Angelica was now in possession of it . The twins both believe the sacrifice is the greatest gift of all , leaving Angelica in bitter Christmas spirits until she returns the original gifts . </Li> <Li> The Squirrel Nut Zippers song `` Gift of the Magi '' from their 1998 album Christmas Caravan is a duet sung from the point of view of both Jim and Della . </Li> <Li> Emmet Otter 's Jug - Band Christmas , which is a twist on `` The Gift of the Magi '' , is a children 's storybook by Russell Hoban which was first published in 1971 . In 1977 , Muppet creator Jim Henson produced a one - hour television adaptation of the story , filmed in Toronto for HBO in the United States and CBC in Canada . The special premiered on HBO on December 17 , 1978 . The special later aired on ABC in 1980 and on Nickelodeon in the 1990s . The special features several original songs written by songwriter Paul Williams . </Li> <Li> The sketch comedy show Studio C contains a skit called `` Gift of the Magi '' in which Jim and Della argue over their gift - giving . </Li> <Li> The television series My Little Pony : Friendship is Magic has the episode `` The Gift of the Maud Pie '' in which Pinkie Pie gives Maud a perfect gift , costing her the confetti - using Party Cannon . Maud 's gift in return was confetti for the cannon of which Pinkie Pie had sold . </Li> <Li> Radio drama series Adventures in Odyssey features a comedic adaptation of this story in its episode `` Gifts for Madge & Guy '' </Li> <Li> The animated sketch comedy series Robot Chicken features a parody of the story in its fourth season , except that Jim does not sell his watch and instead buys Della lingerie , much to her consternation . </Li> <Li> Joni Mitchell wrote and performed , but never recorded , a song based on the story . </Li> <Li> The opening sketch of the December 10 , 1988 episode of Season 14 of Saturday Night Live reimagines `` The Gift of the Magi '' as Donald and Ivana Trump ( played by Phil Hartman and Jan Hooks ) selling their yacht Princess and estate Mar - a-Lago , each in order to pay for a gift intended to adorn the other . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Gift of the Magi is published -- This Day in History -- 4 / 10 / 1906 '' . history.com. 2011 . Retrieved November 16 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` O'Henry and The Gift of the Magi '' . LiteraryTraveler.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Не буду гангстером , дорогая </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mickey 's Once Upon A Christmas on IMDb </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ O. Henry on IMDb </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Raincoat on IMDb </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Gift of the Magi ( 2014 ) - IMDb </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Darovete Na Vlahvite ( 2013 ) - IMDb </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ St. Germain , Mark ; Courts , Randy ( 1984 ) . The Gifts of the Magi . New York : Dramatists Play Service , Inc . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8222 - 1461 - 8 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Watch A Trump Christmas from Saturday Night Live on NBC.com , retrieved 2017 - 08 - 03 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikisource has original text related to this article : The Gift of the Magi </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> `` The Gift of the Magi '' by O. Henry </Li> <Li> The Gift of the Magi public domain audiobook at LibriVox </Li> <Li> O'Henry's `` The Gift of the Magi '' : Common Core Exemplar from NEH 's EDSITEment </Li> <Li> `` The Gift of the Magi '' study guide , teacher resources , themes , quotes </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> O. Henry </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Short stories </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` The Duplicity of Hargraves '' ( 1902 ) </Li> <Li> `` A Retrieved Reformation '' ( 1903 ) </Li> <Li> `` The Cop and the Anthem '' ( 1904 ) </Li> <Li> `` The Gift of the Magi '' ( 1905 ) </Li> <Li> `` Conscience in Art '' ( 1907 ) </Li> <Li> `` The Last Leaf '' ( 1907 ) </Li> <Li> `` The Third Ingredient '' ( 1908 ) </Li> <Li> `` The Ransom of Red Chief '' ( 1910 ) </Li> <Li> `` Makes the Whole World Kin '' ( 1911 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Novels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cabbages and Kings ( 1904 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Story collections </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Four Million ( 1906 ) </Li> <Li> Roads of Destiny ( 1909 ) </Li> <Li> Whirligigs ( 1910 ) </Li> <Li> Waifs and Strays ( 1917 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> O. Henry Award </Li> <Li> William Sidney Porter House </Li> <Li> O. Henry House and Museum </Li> <Li> O. Henry Hall </Li> <Li> O. 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The short story "The Gift of the Magi" is about

What is the short story the gift of the magi about?

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Mini Moon '' `` The Arrival of a Tiny Pretty Guardian '' `` Yatte kita chiccha na Bishōjo Senshi '' ( やって来 た ちっちゃな 美 少女 戦士 ) </Td> <Td> Kunihiko Ikuhara </Td> <Td> Shigeru Yanagawa </Td> <Td> Yoshiyuki Shikano </Td> <Td> Kazuya Kuroda </Td> <Td> August 6 , 1994 </Td> <Td> June 29 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Eudial , and the Witches 5 are tasked to take over from Kaolinite 's position , in which they target a genius drummer recruited to play at a festival for Rei . The Sailor Guardians can not defeat the Daimon who attacks her , but Chibiusa arrives as the Guardians ' newest ally , Sailor Chibi - Moon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 104 </Th> <Td> `` Tainted Tea Party '' `` Making New Friends : Chibi Moon 's Adventure '' `` Tomodachi wo motomete ! Chibi Mūn no katsuyaku '' ( 友達 を 求め て ! ちび ムーン の 活躍 ) </Td> <Td> Junichi Sato </Td> <Td> Megumi Sugihara </Td> <Td> Kazuhisa Asai </Td> <Td> Ikuko Itō </Td> <Td> August 20 , 1994 </Td> <Td> June 30 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Chibiusa , who has returned from Crystal Tokyo for further training , attempts to adapt to her new home by making friends her age . She tries to befriend a master who does tea ceremonies , only to become the Death Busters ' latest target . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 105 </Th> <Td> `` People Who Need People '' `` I Want Power : Mako Lost in Doubt '' `` Pawā ga hoshī ! Mako - chan no mayoi michi '' ( 力 が 欲しい ! まこ ちゃん の 迷い 道 ) </Td> <Td> Hiroki Shibata </Td> <Td> Shigeru Yanagawa </Td> <Td> Yoshiyuki Shikano </Td> <Td> Mari Tominaga </Td> <Td> August 27 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 3 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Makoto is training in the mountains , trying to become much stronger after being easily defeated by a Daimon before . Her trainer is attacked , and tells her that nobody can live alone . She attacks the Daimon , fails , and realizes she needs her best friends in order to win . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 106 </Th> <Td> `` Related By Destiny '' `` The Bond of Destiny : Uranus 's Distant Past '' `` Unmei no kizuna ! Uranusu no tōi hi '' ( 運命 の きずな ! ウラヌス の 遠い 日 ) </Td> <Td> Takuya Igarashi </Td> <Td> Yoji Enokido </Td> <Td> Kenichi Tajiri </Td> <Td> Katsumi Tamegai </Td> <Td> September 3 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 4 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Haruka remembers the past when she first met Michiru , who told her that she was destined to become Sailor Uranus . Haruka initially refused that destiny , for she loved her life too much and was afraid of change . Haruka was attacked , and Sailor Neptune was injured while defending her . In her anguish , Haruka took the transformation pen and accepted her destiny as Sailor Uranus , the Sailor Guardian of the Sky . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 107 </Th> <Td> `` Art Appreciation '' `` Art Is an Explosion of Love : Chibiusa 's First Love '' `` Geijutsu wa ai no bakuhatsu ! Chibiusa no hatsukoi '' ( 芸術 は 愛 の 爆発 ! ちびうさ の 初恋 ) </Td> <Td> Yūji Endō </Td> <Td> Katsuyuki Sumisawa </Td> <Td> Minoru Ōkōchi </Td> <Td> Taichi Nakamura </Td> <Td> September 10 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 5 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Chibiusa meets a boy named Masanori at her art class and develops a crush on him . Unfortunately , he already has a crush on Michiru , who is taking a class at that school as well . When a Daimon attacks Masanori , Chibiusa must take a stand to protect him . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 108 </Th> <Td> `` Everything 's Coming Up Rosey '' `` Usagi Dancing to the Waltz '' `` Usagi no dansu wa warutsu ni notte '' ( うさぎ の ダンス は ワルツ に 乗っ て ) </Td> <Td> Harume Kosaka </Td> <Td> Megumi Sugihara </Td> <Td> Kazuhisa Asai </Td> <Td> Masahiro Andō </Td> <Td> September 17 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 6 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> An English gentleman named Edwards invites Mamoru and the girls to a fancy party , where Usagi accidentally becomes drunk and the team is forced to confront a fashionable Eudial and her latest Daimon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 109 </Th> <Td> `` No Turning Back '' `` The Shocking Moment : Everyone 's Identities Revealed '' `` Shōgeki no toki ! Akasareta tagai no shōtai '' ( 衝撃 の 刻 ! 明か され た 互い の 正体 ) </Td> <Td> Junichi Sato </Td> <Td> Sukehiro Tomita </Td> <Td> Yoshiyuki Shikano </Td> <Td> Kazuya Kuroda </Td> <Td> September 24 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 7 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Minako becomes jealous that a Daimon has not yet attacked her , and she fears that she does not have a pure heart . After doing as many `` pure '' things as she can , she is attacked , and her pure heart is taken from her . When Eudial nearly gets away , Usagi is forced to reveal her identity to Haruka & Michiru , who in turn , reveal their identities as Sailors Uranus and Neptune to Sailor Moon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 110 </Th> <Td> `` Destiny 's Arrival '' `` The Death of Uranus and Neptune : The Talisman Appear '' `` Uranusu - tachi no shi ? Tarisuman shutsugen '' ( ウラヌス 達 の 死 ? タリスマン 出現 ) </Td> <Td> Kunihiko Ikuhara </Td> <Td> Yoji Enokido </Td> <Td> Kenichi Tajiri </Td> <Td> Mari Tominaga </Td> <Td> October 15 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 10 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Faced with losing her position at Witches 5 , Eudial creates a computer program to find the true owners of the three Talismans , and learns that Haruka and Michiru are the ones who hold two of the Talismans within their own hearts ! They take away Usagi 's brooch , and follow Eudial onto a lonely island . However , the invitation turns out to be a trick , and Michiru 's pure heart is taken , which turns into the mystical Deep Aqua Mirror . Haruka , in order to release her own talisman , shoots herself with Eudial 's gun . Her pure heart transforms into the mystical Space Sword . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 111 </Th> <Td> `` The Purity Chalice '' `` The Holy Grail 's Mystical Power : Moon 's Double Transformation '' `` Seihai no shinpi na chikara ! Mūn nidan henshin '' ( 聖杯 の 神秘 な 力 ! ムーン 二 段 変身 ) </Td> <Td> Hiroki Shibata </Td> <Td> Sukehiro Tomita </Td> <Td> Kazuyuki Hashimoto </Td> <Td> Ikuko Itō </Td> <Td> October 22 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 11 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Sailor Pluto appears and reawakens Sailors Uranus and Neptune , and the three talismans resonate with each other ( the third and last being Sailor Pluto 's Garnet Orb ) . The Holy Grail appears , and Sailor Moon grabs it and evolves into Super Sailor Moon , who drives Eudial out . Mimete then kills Eudial by sabotaging her car with snails . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 112 </Th> <Td> `` Show Stoppers '' `` Who is the True Messiah ? Chaos of Light and Darkness '' `` Shin no kyūseishu wa dare ? Hikari to kage no kaosu '' ( 真 の 救世主 は 誰 ? 光 と 影 の カオス ) </Td> <Td> Noriyo Sasaki </Td> <Td> Shigeru Yanagawa </Td> <Td> Minoru Ōkōchi </Td> <Td> Shinya Hasegawa </Td> <Td> November 5 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 12 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> The girls end up watching the filming of a movie , where Chibiusa encounters Hotaru , whom she quickly befriends . But in the end , she is revealed to be the 12 - year - old daughter of Professor Souichi Tomoe , the possessed leader of the Death Busters . Super Sailor Moon uses her new `` Rainbow Moon Heartache '' attack to defeat the Daimon of the day . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 113 </Th> <Td> `` Rini 's Risky Friendship '' `` A House Filled With Evil Presence : The Beautiful Hotaru 's Secret '' `` Yōki tadayou ie ! Bishōjo Hotaru no himitsu '' ( 妖気 漂う 家 ! 美 少女 ほたる の 秘密 ) </Td> <Td> Kōnosuke Uda </Td> <Td> Megumi Sugihara </Td> <Td> Kenichi Tajiri </Td> <Td> Taichi Nakamura </Td> <Td> November 12 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 13 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> The three Outer Guardians appear to Tuxedo Mask , and tell him why they can not fight alongside Sailor Moon and the other four Sailor Guardians . Usagi and Chibiusa visit Hotaru , and see a woman who looks like Kaolinite . The Messiah of Silence appears demanding pure hearts . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 114 </Th> <Td> `` Mimet 's Mess '' `` I Love Idols : Mimete 's Dilemma '' `` Aidoru daisuki ! Nayameru Mimetto '' ( アイドル 大好き ! 悩め る ミメット ) </Td> <Td> Harume Kosaka </Td> <Td> Yoji Enokido </Td> <Td> Yoshiyuki Shikano </Td> <Td> Masahiro Andō </Td> <Td> November 19 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 14 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Minako and Mimete enter a beauty contest at the same time , with Mimete willing to risk it all to obtain victory . Both fall short of the needed votes to win the idol position , and Mimete decides to just go back to her evil ways . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 115 </Th> <Td> `` The Shadow of Silence '' `` Shadow of Silence : The Pale Glimmer of a Firefly '' `` Chinmoku no kage ! ? Awaki Hotaru hi no yurameki '' ( 沈黙 の 影 ! ? あ わき 蛍火 の ゆらめき ) </Td> <Td> Takuya Igarashi </Td> <Td> Yoji Enokido </Td> <Td> Kenichi Tajiri </Td> <Td> Katsumi Tamegai </Td> <Td> November 26 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 17 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Hotaru overexerts herself , and is hospitalized , during which her past without friends is shown , and the reasons for it . Meanwhile , Mimete targets a soap opera actor , during which the attacking Daimon runs near Hotaru , who glows and completely freezes the Daimon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 116 </Th> <Td> `` Thorny Weather '' `` Sunny Skies After a Storm : A Friendship Dedicated to Hotaru '' `` Arashi nochi hare ! Hotaru ni sasageru yūjō '' ( 嵐 のち 晴れ ! ほたる に 捧げる 友情 ) </Td> <Td> Yūji Endō </Td> <Td> Megumi Sugihara </Td> <Td> Kazuhisa Asai </Td> <Td> Jouji Yanase </Td> <Td> December 3 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 18 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Mamoru takes Usagi , Chibiusa and Hotaru to a botanical garden that is tended by Yoshiki Kurebayashi , an old classmate of his . While there , Mimete targets Yoshiki 's pure heart and causes a storm that puts the plants at risk . Sailor Moon defeats the accompanying Daimon , U-Bara . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 117 </Th> <Td> `` Heightened Hazard '' `` Higher and Stronger : A Cheer from Usagi '' `` Yori takaku yori tsuyoku ! Usagi no ōen '' ( より 高く より 強く ! うさぎ の 応援 ) </Td> <Td> Kunihiko Ikuhara </Td> <Td> Shigeru Yanagawa </Td> <Td> Minoru Ōkōchi </Td> <Td> Taichi Nakamura </Td> <Td> December 10 , 1994 </Td> <Td> July 19 , 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Hotaru wishes to give a letter to Shun Hayase , a famous athlete . He becomes targeted when she goes to give it to him , and she possessively blasts the enemy with a hugely strong amount of energy . She talks to Shun about being frail and weak , and he thanks her for talking to him . </Td> </Tr>

In Sailor Moon S, the talismans are held by

Who has the talismans in sailor moon s?

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Where Have All the Flowers Gone ? - Wikipedia <H1> Where Have All the Flowers Gone ? </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the 2008 documentary , see Where Have All the Flowers Gone ? ( film ) . 1960 release on The Rainbow Quest LP , Folkways , FA 2454 , by Pete Seeger Columbia Hall of Fame 45 rpm single release as 13 - 33088 featuring the November 1962 version . August 1965 . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Where Have All The Flowers Gone ? '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Song </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pete Seeger </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lyricist ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pete Seeger and Joe Hickerson </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Where Have All the Flowers Gone ? '' is a modern folk - style song . The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in Sing Out ! magazine . Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson , who turned it into a circular song . Its rhetorical `` where ? '' and meditation on death place the song in the ubi sunt tradition . In 2010 , the New Statesman listed it as one of the `` Top 20 Political Songs '' . </P> <P> The 1964 release of the song as a Columbia Records 45 single , 13 - 33088 , by Pete Seeger was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002 in the Folk category . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Composition </Li> <Li> 2 Versions </Li> <Li> 3 Grammy Hall of Fame </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> Seeger found inspiration for the song in October 1955 while he was on a plane bound for a concert at Oberlin College , one of the few venues which would hire him during the McCarthy era . Leafing through his notebook he saw the passage , `` Where are the flowers , the girls have plucked them . Where are the girls , they 've all taken husbands . Where are the men , they 're all in the army . '' These lines were taken from the traditional Cossack folk song `` Koloda - Duda '' , referenced in the Mikhail Sholokhov novel And Quiet Flows the Don ( 1934 ) , which Seeger had read `` at least a year or two before '' . </P> <P> Seeger created a song which was subsequently published in Sing Out in 1962 . He recorded a version with three verses on The Rainbow Quest album ( Folkways LP FA 2454 ) released in July 1960 . Later , Joe Hickerson added two more verses with a recapitulation of the first in May 1960 in Bloomington , Indiana . </P> <P> In 2010 , the New Statesman listed it as one of the `` Top 20 Political Songs '' . </P> <P> The song appeared on the compilation album Pete Seeger 's Greatest Hits ( 1967 ) released by Columbia Records as CS 9416 . </P> <P> Pete Seeger 's recording from the Columbia album The Bitter and the Sweet ( November 1962 ) , CL 1916 , produced by John H. Hammond was also released as a Columbia Hall of Fame 45 single as 13 - 33088 backed by `` Little Boxes '' in August , 1965 . </P> <H2> Versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Kingston Trio recorded the song in 1961 . Believing it to be a traditional song , they claimed authorship , although upon notice from Seeger they had their name removed and credited Seeger and Hickerson . Seeger acknowledged their success with this song . Their single , with `` O Ken Karanga '' as the A-side and the hit `` Where Have All The Flowers Gone ? '' the B - side , reached # 21 in the 1962 Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 4 on the Easy Listening chart . </Li> <Li> Peter , Paul and Mary included the song on their eponymous debut album ( which spent five weeks as the # 1 album in the country ) in 1962 . </Li> <Li> Marlene Dietrich performed the song in English , French , and German . The song was first performed in French ( as `` Qui peut dire où vont les fleurs ? '' ) by Marlene in 1962 at a UNICEF concert . She also recorded the song in English and in German , the latter titled `` Sag ' mir , wo die Blumen sind '' , with lyrics translated by Max Colpet . She performed the German version on a tour of Israel , where she was warmly received ; she was the first person to break the taboo of using German publicly in Israel since WWII . Her version peaked # 32 in German charts . </Li> <Li> Dalida also recorded the song in French as `` Que sont devenues les fleurs ? '' , adapted by Guy Béart in 1962 ( Les Années Barclay , vol. 5 , 1962 ) . </Li> <Li> Jaap Fischer recorded the song in Dutch as `` Zeg me waar de bloemen zijn '' ( single , B side of `` Jan Soldaat '' , 1963 ) . </Li> <Li> Conny van den Bos recorded the song in Dutch `` Waar zijn al die bloemen toch ? '' , released 1963 . </Li> <Li> The Searchers released their version on the album Meet The Searchers , released June 1963 . </Li> <Li> The Springfields featuring Dusty Springfield released a version in German in 1963 . </Li> <Li> Bobby Darin recorded the song on the Golden Folk Hits album on Capitol , 2007 , which was released in November 1963 . </Li> <Li> Roy Orbison recorded a version of the song which appears on the album The Connoisseur 's Orbison . </Li> <Li> Eddy Arnold and The Needmore Creek Singers recorded the song on October 9 , 1963 , and released it on the Folk Song Book album released in January 1964 . </Li> <Li> Vera Lynn recorded the song as the eleventh cut on her 1964 album `` Among My Souvenirs '' . </Li> <Li> The Brothers Four recorded the song on their 1964 LP `` More Big Folk Hits '' , Columbia Records , CL - 2213 . </Li> <Li> The Four Seasons recorded the song on their 1964 Philips album Born to Wander , PHM 200 129 . </Li> <Li> Lars Lönndahl recorded the song in 1964 with Swedish lyrics Inga blommor finns det mer , translated in 1962 by Beppe Wolgers . </Li> <Li> Joan Baez included the German version ( Sagt Mir wo die Blumen sind ) on her 1965 album Farewell Angelina . </Li> <Li> Johnny Rivers had a 1965 top 40 hit in the US with a folk rock version , reaching # 26 on the Billboard Hot 100 and # 9 in Canada . </Li> <Li> Grady Martin released an instrumental version in 1965 on his Instrumentally Yours album . </Li> <Li> Harry Belafonte has made one recording of it at a benefit concert in Stockholm , Sweden , 1966 on the album BEL - 1 . </Li> <Li> Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs included the song on their 1968 album Changin ' Times . </Li> <Li> Walter Jackson recorded a R & B version in Chicago for Okeh records in 1967 . </Li> <Li> Jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery recorded an instrumental version in his trademark style on the 1968 LP Road Song </Li> <Li> In 1969 , Rufus Harley recorded a jazz instrumental version on his trademark bagpipes , but the track was never commercially released until it was included in his posthumously released limited edition collection Courage - The Atlantic Recordings in 2006 . </Li> <Li> The Landsmen released the song as a 45 single on Arvee . </Li> <Li> Bill Anderson recorded the song on his eponymous 1971 album . </Li> <Li> American R&B band Earth , Wind & Fire covered the song on the 1972 album Last Days and Time . </Li> <Li> Richie Havens recorded the song in 1972 . </Li> <Li> Yellow Magic Orchestra recorded the song in 1980 and released it in the 1999 compilation album `` YMO GO HOME ! '' </Li> <Li> Hannes Wader recorded a German version as the final track for his 1982 album Daß nichts bleibt wie es war . </Li> <Li> City recorded a German version in their 1983 album Unter der Haut . </Li> <Li> Bernie Sanders covered the song on his 1987 album We Shall Overcome . </Li> <Li> A Russian version of the song was created in 1998 by Oleg Nesterov , a lead singer of Megapolis , and later performed in duet with Masha Makarova ( Masha I Medvedi ) in a music video . </Li> <Li> Olivia Newton - John recorded the song on her 2004 album Indigo : Women of Song . </Li> <Li> Country singer Dolly Parton has also recorded a rendition of the song , on her 2005 album Those Were the Days . </Li> <Li> Chris de Burgh has recorded a new version which is featured on his 2008 album Footsteps . </Li> <Li> The song was sung at the funeral of Harry Patch , the last British soldier of the First World War , in Wells Cathedral on August 9 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> The Folkswingers recorded an instrumental version of the song for their second album 12 String Guitar ! Vol. 2 . </Li> <Li> A Polish - language version was sung by Sława Przybylska ( Polish title : `` Gdzie są kwiaty z tamtych lat ? '' ) </Li> <Li> A Czech - language version of the song ( `` Řekni , kde ty kytky jsou '' ) was also created and recorded by several popular artists , such as Judita Čeřovská ( cz ) , Marie Rottrová ( cz ) , or Marta Kubišová . Čeřovská 's version was one of the OST songs of Czech film Rebelové . </Li> <Li> Croatian folk band Zlatni Dukati performed a version of the song entitled `` Iznad polja makova '' ( `` Above the fields of poppy '' ) during the Croatian War of Independence . </Li> <Li> A piano version of the song by Scottish pop singer and songwriter Jimmy Sommerville appears on his 2009 album Suddenly Last Summer . </Li> <Li> Kirsten Hasberg , of Kassel Germany , recorded a parody entitled Sag , die Energiewende , wo ist sie geblieben ? about the German transition to renewable energies and `` energy democracy . '' </Li> <Li> Erzsi Kovács , Hungarian pop singer recorded a version in Hungarian </Li> <Li> Classical guitarist Sharon Isbin recorded an instrumental version in her 2009 album Journey to the New World . </Li> <Li> British Folk - Rock group The Tansads included a version on their 1995 live album Drag Down The Moon . </Li> <Li> German Avant - garde group Einstürzende Neubauten recorded a German version of the song for their 2014 album Lament . </Li> <Li> Lara Veronin , Russian - Taiwanese - American singer recorded a version for the 2012 Taiwanese drama Alice in Wonder City . </Li> <Li> The Armistice Pals recorded a version in 2014 that was released as a commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of World War One and as a tribute to Pete Seeger , who had died earlier that year . The voice of Pete Seeger is heard in the recording along with that of his half - sister Peggy Seeger . </Li> <Li> The Hi - Marks , a popular 1970s group in New Zealand , recorded a version on their first album Showtime Spectacular . </Li> <Li> Serbian actor Dragan Maksimović performed a part of this song in the movie Mi nismo anđeli ( `` We are not Angels '' ) recorded in 1992 in Yugoslavia . </Li> <Li> Alberto Y

The song "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" was written in

When was where have all the flowers gone written?

-701619113953256261

m_ ( 1 ) g-T ) , results in </P> <P> T = 2 g m 1 m 2 m 1 + m 2 = 2 g 1 / m 1 + 1 / m 2 ( \ displaystyle T = ( 2gm_ ( 1 ) m_ ( 2 ) \ over m_ ( 1 ) + m_ ( 2 ) ) = ( 2g \ over 1 / m_ ( 1 ) + 1 / m_ ( 2 ) ) ) </P> <H2> Equations for a pulley with inertia and friction ( edit ) </H2> <P> For very small mass differences between m and m , the rotational inertia I of the pulley of radius r can not be neglected . The angular acceleration of the pulley is given by the no - slip condition : </P> <P> α = a r , ( \ displaystyle \ alpha = ( a \ over r ) , ) </P> <P> where α ( \ displaystyle \ alpha ) is the angular acceleration . The net torque is then : </P> <P> τ n e t = ( T 1 − T 2 ) r − τ f r i c t i o n = I α ( \ displaystyle \ tau _ ( \ mathrm ( net ) ) = \ left ( T_ ( 1 ) - T_ ( 2 ) \ right ) r - \ tau _ ( \ mathrm ( friction ) ) = I \ alpha ) </P> <P> Combining with Newton 's second law for the hanging masses , and solving for T , T , and a , we get : </P> <P> Acceleration : </P> <Dl> <Dd> a = g ( m 1 − m 2 ) − τ f r i c t i o n r m 1 + m 2 + I r 2 ( \ displaystyle a = ( ( g ( m_ ( 1 ) - m_ ( 2 ) ) - ( \ tau _ ( \ mathrm ( friction ) ) \ over r ) ) \ over ( m_ ( 1 ) + m_ ( 2 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Tension in string segment nearest m : </P> <Dl> <Dd> T 1 = m 1 g ( 2 m 2 + I r 2 + τ f r i c t i o n r g ) m 1 + m 2 + I r 2 ( \ displaystyle T_ ( 1 ) = ( ( m_ ( 1 ) g ( 2m_ ( 2 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) + ( ( \ tau _ ( \ mathrm ( friction ) ) ) \ over ( rg ) ) ) ) \ over ( m_ ( 1 ) + m_ ( 2 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Tension in string segment nearest m : </P> <Dl> <Dd> T 2 = m 2 g ( 2 m 1 + I r 2 + τ f r i c t i o n r g ) m 1 + m 2 + I r 2 ( \ displaystyle T_ ( 2 ) = ( ( m_ ( 2 ) g ( 2m_ ( 1 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) + ( ( \ tau _ ( \ mathrm ( friction ) ) ) \ over ( rg ) ) ) ) \ over ( m_ ( 1 ) + m_ ( 2 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Should bearing friction be negligible ( but not the inertia of the pulley and not the traction of the string on the pulley rim ) , these equations simplify as the following results : </P> <P> Acceleration : </P> <Dl> <Dd> a = g ( m 1 − m 2 ) m 1 + m 2 + I r 2 ( \ displaystyle a = ( ( g ( m_ ( 1 ) - m_ ( 2 ) ) ) \ over ( m_ ( 1 ) + m_ ( 2 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Tension in string segment nearest m : </P> <Dl> <Dd> T 1 = m 1 g ( 2 m 2 + I r 2 ) m 1 + m 2 + I r 2 ( \ displaystyle T_ ( 1 ) = ( ( m_ ( 1 ) g ( 2m_ ( 2 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) \ over ( m_ ( 1 ) + m_ ( 2 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Tension in string segment nearest m : </P> <Dl> <Dd> T 2 = m 2 g ( 2 m 1 + I r 2 ) m 1 + m 2 + I r 2 ( \ displaystyle T_ ( 2 ) = ( ( m_ ( 2 ) g ( 2m_ ( 1 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) \ over ( m_ ( 1 ) + m_ ( 2 ) + ( ( I ) \ over ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Practical implementations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Atwood 's original illustrations show the main pulley 's axle resting on the rims of another four wheels , to minimize friction forces from the bearings . Many historical implementations of the machine follow this design . </P> <P> An elevator with a counterbalance approximates an ideal Atwood machine and thereby relieves the driving motor from the load of holding the elevator cab -- it has to overcome only weight difference and inertia of the two masses . The same principle is used for funicular railways with two connected railway cars on inclined tracks , and for the elevators on the Eiffel Tower which counterbalance each other . Ski lifts are another example , where the gondolas move on a closed ( continuous ) pulley system up and down the mountain . The ski lift is similar to the counter-weighted elevator , but with a constraining force provided by the cable in the vertical dimension thereby achieving work in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions . Boat lifts are another type of counter-weighted elevator system approximating an Atwood machine . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atwood 's machine . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Frictionless plane </Li> <Li> Kater 's pendulum </Li> <Li> Spherical cow </Li> <Li> Swinging Atwood 's machine </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Tipler , Paul A. ( 1991 ) . Physics For Scientists and Engineers ( 3rd , extended ed . ) . New York : Worth Publishers . p. 160 . ISBN 0 - 87901 - 432 - 6 . Chapter 6 , example 6 - 13 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Goldstein , Herbert ( 1980 ) . Classical Mechanics ( 2nd ed . ) . New Delhi : Addison - Wesley / Narosa Indian Student Edition . pp. 26 -- 27 . ISBN 81 - 85015 - 53 - 8 . Section 1 - 6 , example 2 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ See Wikipedia article : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat_lift </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Professor Greenslade 's account on the Atwood Machine </Li> <Li> Atwood 's Machine by Enrique Zeleny , The Wolfram Demonstrations Project . </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atwood_machine&oldid=792136529 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Mechanics </Li> <Li> Physics experiments </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Hrvatski </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 July 2017 , at 17 : 58 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

A real-world application of an Atwood machine is

What is a real world application of an atwood machine?

-1354328871737756266

Natural Born Killers - Wikipedia <H1> Natural Born Killers </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Natural Born Killaz . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Natural Born Killers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Oliver Stone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jane Hamsher </Li> <Li> Don Murphy </Li> <Li> Clayton Townsend </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Richard Rutowski </Li> <Li> Oliver Stone </Li> <Li> David Veloz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Story by </Th> <Td> Quentin Tarantino </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Woody Harrelson </Li> <Li> Juliette Lewis </Li> <Li> Robert Downey , Jr . </Li> <Li> Tommy Lee Jones </Li> <Li> Tom Sizemore </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Robert Richardson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hank Corwin </Li> <Li> Brian Berdan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Regency Enterprises </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> August 26 , 1994 ( 1994 - 08 - 26 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 119 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> English </Li> <Li> Japanese </Li> <Li> Navajo </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $34 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $50.3 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical black comedy crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson , Juliette Lewis , Robert Downey Jr. , Tom Sizemore , and Tommy Lee Jones . The film was released in the United States on August 26 , 1994 . The film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers , and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media . </P> <P> The film is based on an original screenplay by Quentin Tarantino that was heavily revised by writer David Veloz , associate producer Richard Rutowski , and director Stone ; Tarantino received story credit . Jane Hamsher , Don Murphy , and Clayton Townsend produced the film , with Arnon Milchan , Thom Mount , and Stone as executive producers . </P> <P> The film was released theatrically on August 26 , 1994 in the United States , February 24 , 1995 and premiered on Venice Film Festival on August 29 , 1994 . The film was a box office success , grossing over $50 million against a production budget of $34 million , and received generally mixed to positive reviews from critics , who praised the cast 's performances , the movie 's humor , plot , and combination of action and romance , but found the film much too violent and graphic . Notorious for its violent content and inspiring `` copycat '' crimes , the film was named the eighth most controversial film in history by Entertainment Weekly in 2006 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Prologue </Li> <Li> 1.2 Part I </Li> <Li> 1.3 Part II </Li> <Li> 1.4 Part III </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Style </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Controversies <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Censorship </Li> <Li> 6.2 `` Copycat '' crimes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise . ( November 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Prologue </H3> <P> Mickey Knox and his wife Mallory stop at a diner in the New Mexico desert . A duo of rednecks arrive and one begins sexually harassing Mallory while she is dancing . She briefly encourages him before beating him to a pulp , screaming `` How sexy am I now , huh flirty boy ? '' . Mickey and Mallory then murder all but one of the diner 's staff , and one customer , culminating in a morbid game of Eeny , meeny , miny , moe to decide who lives and dies . After killing the waitress Mabel , the couple ensures that the only survivor remembers their names so that he can pass on the legend of Mickey and Mallory before they embrace and declare their undying love . </P> <H3> Part I </H3> <P> Mickey and Mallory camp out in the desert , and Mallory reminisces about when they first met . A flashback ( done in the style of a TV sitcom , including a laughtrack ) shows Mickey as a meat deliveryman who came to the house where Mallory lived with her sexually abusive father , her neglectful mother , and her younger brother , Kevin . Mickey and Mallory fall in love instantly and leave together , stealing Mallory 's father 's car . Soon Mickey is arrested and imprisoned for auto theft , but he subsequently escapes from a prison work farm during a tornado and returns to Mallory 's house . The two kill Mallory 's parents , but spare Kevin . Mallory 's father is beaten and then drowned in the fish tank while her mother is tied to her bed and set on fire . Mickey and Mallory then go on the road together and get `` married '' on the side of a bridge , celebrating by taking a hostage . Furious with Mickey 's notion that they have a threesome , Mallory drives to a nearby gas station , where she flirts with the mechanic . They begin to have sex on the hood of a car , but Mallory kills him when he recognizes her as a wanted killer . During this time , Mickey rapes the hostage . </P> <H3> Part ii </H3> <P> The pair continue their killing spree , ultimately claiming fifty - two victims in New Mexico , Arizona , and Nevada . Pursuing them is Detective Jack Scagnetti , who became obsessed with mass murderers after witnessing his mother being shot and killed by Charles Whitman when he was eight . Beneath his heroic facade , he is a violent psychopath . The audience witnesses Scagnetti violently strangle a prostitute to death . The killers are also followed by self - serving tabloid journalist Wayne Gale . Gale profiles Mickey and Mallory on his show , American Maniacs , soon elevating them to cult hero status . </P> <P> Mickey and Mallory get lost in the desert after taking psychedelic mushrooms . They come across a ranch where they encounter Warren Red Cloud , a Navajo Indian , and his young grandson . The Navajo provides them with food and shelter . After the two fall asleep , the Navajo , hoping to expel the demon he perceives in Mickey , begins chanting beside the fire . This invokes nightmares in Mickey about his abusive parents . Mickey wakes up in a panicked rage and fatally shoots Red Cloud before he realizes what he is doing . Mallory wakes up to the sound of the gunshot and starts screaming at Mickey for killing the man who sheltered them . This is the first time Mallory and Mickey feel guilty for a murder . Fleeing from the scene , they step outside of the house and come across a field of rattlesnakes . Mallory does not see the snakes and gets bitten first . Mickey lights a stick on fire to expose the snakes . While he is trying to help Mallory he also gets bitten . </P> <P> They drive to a drugstore to find snakebite antidote , however the store is completely sold out . Mallory falls to the ground while Mickey runs to the pharmacy with the hopes that there will be more medication in stock . The pharmacist recognizes Mickey from the news report and sets off the silent alarm before Mickey kills him . Soon police cars arrive and Mallory is captured and subsequently beaten by the police . A gunfight breaks out between Mickey and the others while Mallory is held hostage . Scagnetti arrives and tells Mickey that unless he surrenders , he will cut off Mallory 's breasts . Mickey gives up his guns , but attacks Scagnetti with a knife . The police taser him and the scene ends with Mickey and Mallory being beaten by a group of vengeful policemen as a Japanese news crew fronted by a female reporter films the action . </P> <H3> Part iii </H3> <P> The story picks up one year later : the homicidal couple have been imprisoned , and are due to be moved to a mental hospital after being declared insane . Mickey and Mallory have now gone one year without seeing each other . Scagnetti arrives at the prison and encounters Warden Dwight McClusky , with whom he plans to murder the two criminals . McClusky will arrange for Scagnetti to be the driver for the Knoxes ' transfer . Alone with the pair , Scagnetti will murder them , then claim that they tried to escape . </P> <P> Meanwhile , Gale has persuaded Mickey to agree to a live interview that will air immediately after the Super Bowl . Mallory is held in solitary confinement elsewhere in the prison , awaiting her transport to the mental hospital . During the interview , Mickey gives a speech about how murder provides enlightenment and declares himself a `` natural born killer '' . His words inspire the other inmates ( who are watching the interview on TV in the recreation room ) and incite them to riot . </P> <P> McClusky , upon learning of the riot , orders the interview terminated despite Gale 's vehement protests . Mickey is left alone with Gale , the film crew and several guards . Using a lengthy joke as a diversion , Mickey overpowers a guard and grabs his shotgun . He kills most of the guards with it and takes the survivors hostage , leading them through the prison riot . Gale follows , giving a live television report as people are beaten and killed around him . </P> <P> While this riot is unfolding , Scagnetti enters Mallory 's cell and attempts to seduce her . Mallory , feigning to reciprocate at first , rebuffs his efforts , smashing his face against the wall and breaking his nose . The two guards outside the cell struggle to enter while Mallory attacks Scagnetti . Finally , the two guards subdue her , and Scagnetti sprays her face with tear gas in revenge . Still live on national television , Mickey arrives at Mallory 's cell , where he kills all the guards and engages in a Mexican standoff with Scagnetti , eventually feigning a concession . Mallory then approaches Scagnetti from behind and slashes his throat with a shank . To Scagnetti 's horror , Mickey tells him that he was out of shotgun shells during the standoff . Mallory then picks up Scagnetti 's gun , saying `` You still like me now , Jack ? '' and kills him . </P> <P> Mickey and Mallory continue to escape through the riot torn prison , with Gale 's entire TV crew getting killed . Gale himself snaps , succumbing to Stockholm syndrome as well as indulging in his own longtime fascination for murder , and begins to shoot at the guards with a pistol that he has taken from one of the dead guards , but gets so frenzied that Mickey prefers

The movie Natural Born Killers starred

Who starred in the movie natural born killers?

6766518966445775953

Tin Woodman - wikipedia <H1> Tin Woodman </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the science fiction novel , see Tin Woodman ( novel ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article has an unclear citation style . The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nick Chopper The Tin man </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Oz character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Tin Woodman as illustrated by William Wallace Denslow ( 1900 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 1900 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> L. Frank Baum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> Jack Haley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nickname ( s ) </Th> <Td> The Tin Woodman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aliases </Th> <Td> The Tin Man , Rusty Tin Man </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Former human ( in the novels , not in the 1939 MGM film The Wizard of Oz ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gender </Th> <Td> Male </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Ruler of the Winkies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Title </Th> <Td> Emperor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significant other ( s ) </Th> <Td> Nimmie Amee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Relatives </Th> <Td> Chopfyt ( made with some of his human parts ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> Munchkinland </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Tin Woodman , better known as either the Tin Man or ( incorrectly ) the Tin Woodsman ( the third name appears only in adaptations , the first -- and in rare instances , the second -- was used by Baum ) , is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum . Baum 's Tin Woodman first appeared in his classic 1900 book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , and reappeared in many other Oz books . In late 19th - century America , men made out of various tin pieces were used in advertising and political cartoons . Baum , who was editing a magazine on decorating shop windows when he wrote The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , was reportedly inspired to invent the Tin Woodman by a figure he had built out of metal parts for a shop display . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 The books </Li> <Li> 2 The Tin Man in later fiction </Li> <Li> 3 Depictions on stage and screen </Li> <Li> 4 Modern works </Li> <Li> 5 Sources of the Tin Man image </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> The books ( edit ) </H2> <P> Originally an ordinary man by the name of Nick Chopper ( the name first appearing in The Marvelous Land of Oz ) , the Tin Woodman used to make his living chopping down trees in the forests of Oz , as his father had before him . The Wicked Witch of the East enchanted his axe to prevent him from marrying his sweetheart , after being bribed by the lazy old woman who kept the Munchkin maiden as a servant , and did not wish to lose her . ( In a later book of the series , The Tin Woodman of Oz , the woman is said to be the Witch 's servant , and it is the Witch herself who decides to enchant Nick 's axe . ) The enchanted axe chopped off his limbs , one by one . Each time he lost a limb , Ku - Klip the tinsmith replaced it with a prosthetic limb made of tin . Finally , nothing was left of him but tin . However , Ku - Klip neglected to replace his heart . Once Nick Chopper was made entirely of tin , he was no longer able to love the lady he had fallen for . </P> <P> In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , Dorothy Gale befriends the Tin Woodman after they find him rusted in the forest , as he was caught in rain , and use his oil can to release him . He follows her to the Emerald City to get a heart from The Wizard . They are joined on their adventure by the Scarecrow and the Cowardly Lion . The Wizard sends Dorothy and her friends to the Winkie Country to kill the Wicked Witch of the West . The Tin Woodman 's axe proves useful in this journey , both for chopping wood to create a bridge or raft as needed , and for chopping the heads off animals that threaten the party . When the Winged monkeys are sent by the Witch of the West against the group , they throw the Tin Woodman from a great height , damaging him badly . However Winkie Tinsmiths are able to repair him after the death of the Witch . </P> <P> His desire for a heart notably contrasts with the Scarecrow 's desire for brains , reflecting a common debate between the relative importance of the mind and the emotions . This occasions philosophical debate between the two friends as to why their own choices are superior ; neither convinces the other , and Dorothy , listening , is unable to decide which one is right . Symbolically , because they remain with Dorothy throughout her quest , she is provided with both and need not select . The Tin Woodman states unequivocally that he has neither heart nor brain , but cares nothing for the loss of his brain . Towards the end of the novel , though , Glinda praises his brain as not quite that of the Scarecrow 's . </P> <P> The Wizard turns out to be a `` humbug '' and can only provide a placebo heart made of silk and filled with sawdust . However , this is enough to please the Tin Woodman , who , with or without a heart , was all along the most tender and emotional of Dorothy 's companions ( just as the Scarecrow was the wisest and the Cowardly Lion the bravest ) . When he accidentally crushes an insect , he is grief - stricken and , ironically , claims that he must be careful about such things , while those with hearts do not need such care . This tenderness remains with him throughout the series , as in The Patchwork Girl of Oz , where he refuses to let a butterfly be maimed for the casting of a spell . </P> <P> When Dorothy returns home to her farm in Kansas , the Tin Woodman returns to the Winkie Country to rule as emperor . Later , he has his subjects construct a palace made entirely of tin -- from the architecture all the way down to the flowers in the garden . </P> <P> Baum emphasized that the Tin Woodman remains alive , in contrast to the windup mechanical man Tik - Tok Dorothy meets in a later book . Nick Chopper was not turned into a machine , but rather had his flesh body replaced by a metal one . Far from missing his original existence , the Tin Woodman is proud ( perhaps too proud ) of his untiring tin body . </P> <P> A recurring problem for the Tin Woodman in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and afterward was his tendency to rust when exposed to rain , tears , or other moisture . For this reason , in The Marvelous Land of Oz the character has himself nickel - plated before helping his friend the Scarecrow fight to regain his throne in the Emerald City . Even so , the Tin Woodman continues to worry about rusting throughout the Oz series . </P> <P> This is inaccurate , in that tin does not rust ; only iron does . This may reflect the usage where an object made of iron or steel but coated with tin ( in order to prevent rusting ) is called a `` Tin '' object , as a `` tin bath '' , a `` tin toy '' , or a `` tin can '' ; thus , the Tin Woodman might be interpreted ( in English , at least ) as being made of steel with a tin veneer . One passage in The Road to Oz , by Baum himself , wherein the Woodman attends Ozma 's birthday party accompanied by a Winkie band playing a song called `` There 's No Plate Like Tin , '' strongly implies that this is the case . Another explanation may be that the Woodman is chiefly made of tin , with iron joints ; in some of the illustrations , his joints are a different color from the rest of his body . In Alexander Volkov 's Russian adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , Volkov avoided this problem by the translation of `` The Tin Woodman '' as the `` Iron Woodchopper '' . </P> <P> The Tin Woodman appeared in most of the Oz books that followed . He is a major character in the comic page Baum wrote with Walt McDougall in 1904 - 05 , Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz . In Ozma of Oz , he commands Princess Ozma 's army , and is briefly turned into a tin whistle . In Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz , he serves as defense counsel in the trial of Eureka . He affects the plot of a book most notably in The Patchwork Girl of Oz , in which he forbids the young hero from collecting the wing of a butterfly needed for a magical potion because his heart requires him to protect insects from cruelty . Baum also wrote a short book titled The Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman , part of the Little Wizard Stories of Oz series for younger readers . </P> <P> In The Tin Woodman of Oz , Nick Chopper finally sets out to find his lost love , Nimmie Amee , but discovers that she has already married Chopfyt , a man constructed partly out of his own dismembered and discarded limbs . For the Tin Woodman , this encounter with his former fiancée is almost as jarring as his experiences being transformed into a tin owl , meeting another tin man , Captain Fyter , and conversing with his ill - tempered original head . </P> <P> Baum 's successors in writing the series tended to use the Tin Woodman as a minor character , still ruling the Winkie Country but not governing the stories ' outcome . Two exceptions to this pattern are Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz , by Ruth Plumly Thompson , and Lucky Bucky in Oz , by John R. Neill . The biggest exception is in Rachel Cosgrove 's The Hidden Valley of Oz , in which the Tin Woodman leads the forces in the defeat of Terp the Terrible and cuts down the Magic Muffin Tree that gives Terp his great size . </P> <P> The fact that Nick includes the natural deaths of his parents in the story of how he came to be made of tin has been a major element of debate . In his eponymous novel , he proclaims that no one in Oz ever died as far back as Lurline 's enchantment of the country , which occurred long before the arrival of any outsiders such as the Wizard . ( It should be noted , however , that although the living creatures of Oz do not die of age or disease , they may die of accidents or be killed by others . ) </P> <H2> The Tin Man in later fiction ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the 1998 novel The Tin Man , by Dale Brown , the eponymous protagonist is a power - armored vigilante whom the media and police have

In the Wizard of Oz, the character who wants a heart is

Who wants a heart in the wizard of oz?

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Rigor mortis - wikipedia <H1> Rigor mortis </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the sign of death . For other uses , see Rigor mortis ( disambiguation ) . <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Stages of death </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ol> <Li> Pallor mortis </Li> <Li> Algor mortis </Li> <Li> Rigor mortis </Li> <Li> Livor mortis </Li> <Li> Putrefaction </Li> <Li> Decomposition </Li> <Li> Skeletonization </Li> <Li> Fossilization </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Rigor mortis ( Latin : rigor `` stiffness '' , mortis `` of death '' ) or postmortem rigidity , the third stage of death , is one of the recognizable signs of death , caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem , which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen . In humans , rigor mortis can occur as soon as 4 hours post mortem . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Physiology </Li> <Li> 2 Physical changes </Li> <Li> 3 Applications in meat industry </Li> <Li> 4 Application in forensic pathology </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> <H2> Physiology ( edit ) </H2> <P> After death , respiration in an organism ceases , depleting the source of oxygen used in the making of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) . ATP is required to cause separation of the actin - myosin cross-bridges during relaxation of muscle . When oxygen is no longer present , the body may continue to produce ATP via anaerobic glycolysis . When the body 's glycogen is depleted , the ATP concentration diminishes , and the body enters rigor mortis because it is unable to break those bridges . </P> <P> Additionally , calcium enters the cytosol after death . Calcium is released into the cytosol due to the deterioration of the sarcoplasmic reticulum . Also , the breakdown of the sarcolemma causes additional calcium to enter the cytosol . The calcium activates the formation of actin - myosin cross-bridging . Once calcium is introduced into the cytosol , it binds to the troponin of thin filaments , which causes the troponin - tropomyosin complex to change shape and allow the myosin heads to bind to the active sites of actin proteins . In rigor mortis myosin heads continue binding with the active sites of actin proteins via adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) , and the muscle is unable to relax until further enzyme activity degrades the complex . </P> <P> Normal relaxation would occur by replacing ADP with ATP , which would destabilize the myosin - actin bond and break the cross-bridge . However , as ATP is absent , there must be a breakdown of muscle tissue by enzymes ( endogenous or bacterial ) during decomposition . As part of the process of decomposition , the myosin heads are degraded by the enzymes , allowing the muscle contraction to release and the body to relax . Decomposition of the myofilaments occurs 48 to 60 hours after the peak of rigor mortis , which occurs approximately 13 hours after death . </P> <H2> Physical Changes ( edit ) </H2> <P> At the time of death , a condition called `` primary flaccidity '' occurs . Following this , the muscles stiffen in rigor mortis . All muscles in the body are affected . Starting between two and six hours following death , rigor mortis begins with the eyelids , neck , and jaw . The sequence may be due to different lactic acid levels among different muscles , which is directly related to the difference in glycogen levels and different types of muscle fibers . </P> <P> Rigor mortis then spreads to the other muscles , including the internal organs , within the next four to six hours . The onset of rigor mortis is affected by the individual 's age , sex , physical condition , and muscular build . Rigor mortis may not be perceivable in many infant and child corpses due to their smaller muscle mass . </P> <H2> Applications in meat industry ( edit ) </H2> <P> Rigor mortis is very important in meat technology . The onset of rigor mortis and its resolution partially determine the tenderness of meat . If the post-slaughter meat is immediately chilled to 15 ° C ( 59 ° F ) , a phenomenon known as cold shortening occurs , whereby the muscle sarcomeres shrink to a third of their original length . </P> <P> Cold shortening is caused by the release of stored calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibers , in response to the cold stimulus . The calcium ions trigger powerful muscle contraction aided by ATP molecules . To prevent cold shortening , a process known as electrical stimulation is carried out , especially in beef carcasses , immediately after slaughter and skinning . In this process , the carcass is stimulated with alternating current , causing it to contract and relax , which depletes the ATP reserve from the carcass and prevents cold shortening . </P> <H2> Application in forensic pathology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The degree of rigor mortis may be used in forensic pathology , to determine the approximate time of death . A dead body holds its position as rigor mortis sets in . If the body is moved after death , but before rigor mortis begins , forensic techniques such as livor mortis can be applied . If the position in which a body is found does not match the location where it is found ( for example , if it is flat on its back with one arm sticking straight up ) , that could mean someone moved it . </P> <P> Several factors also affect the progression of rigor mortis , and investigators take these into account when estimating the time of death . One such factor is the ambient temperature . When conditions are warm , the onset and pace of rigor mortis are sped up by providing a conducive environment for the metabolic processes that cause decay . Low temperatures , however , slow them down . Therefore , for a person who dies outside in frozen conditions rigor mortis may last several days more than normal , so investigators may have to abandon it as a tool for determining time of death . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Cadaveric spasm </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Saladin , K.S. 2010 . Anatomy & Physiology : 6th edition . McGraw - Hill . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hall , John E. , and Arthur C. Guyton . Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology . Philadelphia , PA : Saunders / Elsevier , 2011 . MD Consult . Web . 26 Jan. 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fremery , Donald ( 3 February 1959 ) . `` Biochemistry of Chicken Muscle as Related to Rigor Mortis and Tenderization '' . Journal of Food Sciences . 25 ( 1 ) : 73 -- 87 . doi : 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2621.1960. tb17938. x . Retrieved 2 December 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ About.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Classroom Resources - Argonne National Laboratory '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Rigor Mortis and Other Postmortem Changes - Burial , Body , Life , Cause , Time , Person , Human , Putrefaction . '' Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. 2011 . Web . 4 December 2011 . < http://www.deathreference.com/Py-Se/Rigor-Mortis-and-Other-Postmortem-Changes.html > . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Peress , Robin . `` Discovery Health `` Rigor Mortis at the Crime Scene '' '' Discovery Health `` Health Guides '' Discovery Fit & Health , 2011 . Web . 4 December 2011 . < http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/death-dying/rigor-mortis-cause2.htm > </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Estimating The Time of Death , ExploreForensics < http://www.exploreforensics.co.uk/estimating-the-time-of-death.html </Li> </Ol> <H2> Bibliography ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Bear , Mark F ; Connors , Barry W. ; Paradiso , Michael A. , Neuroscience , Exploring the Brain , Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ; Third Edition ( 1 February 2006 ) . ISBN 0 - 7817 - 6003 - 8 </Li> <Li> Robert G. Mayer , `` Embalming : history , theory , and practice '' , McGraw - Hill Professional , 2005 , ISBN 0 - 07 - 143950 - 1 </Li> <Li> `` Rigor Mortis and Other Postmortem Changes - Burial , Body , Life , Cause , Time , Person , Human , Putrefaction . '' Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. 2011 . Web . 4 December 2011 . < http://www.deathreference.com/Py-Se/Rigor-Mortis-and-Other-Postmortem-Changes.html > . </Li> <Li> Saladin , Kenneth . Anatomy and Physiology : The Unity of Form and Function , 6th ed . McGraw - Hill . New York , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Peress , Robin . `` Discovery Health `` Rigor Mortis at the Crime Scene '' '' Discovery Health `` Health Guides '' Discovery Fit & Health , 2011 . Web . 4 December 2011 . < http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/death-dying/rigor-mortis-cause2.htm > . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Death </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Outline </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> In medicine </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Cell death </Dt> <Dd> Necrosis <Dl> <Dd> Avascular necrosis </Dd> <Dd> Coagulative necrosis </Dd> <Dd> Liquefactive necrosis </Dd> <Dd> Gangrenous necrosis </Dd> <Dd> Caseous necrosis </Dd> <Dd> Fat necrosis </Dd> <Dd> Fibrinoid necrosis </Dd> <Dd> Temporal lobe necrosis </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> Programmed cell death <Dl> <Dd> AICD </Dd> <Dd> Anoikis </Dd> <Dd> Apoptosis </Dd> <Dd> Autophagy </Dd> <Dd> Intrinsic apoptosis </Dd> <Dd> Necroptosis </Dd> <Dd> Paraptosis </Dd> <Dd> Parthanatos </Dd> <Dd> Phenoptosis </Dd> <Dd> Pseudoapoptosis </Dd> <Dd> Pyroptosis </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> Autolysis </Dd> <Dd> Autoschizis </Dd> <Dd> Eschar </Dd> <Dd> Immunogenic cell death </Dd> <Dd> Ischemic cell death </Dd> <Dd> Pyknosis </Dd> <Dd> Karyorrhexis </Dd> <Dd> Karyolysis </Dd> <Dd> Mitotic catastrophe </Dd> <Dd> Suicide gene </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Abortion </Li> <Li> Autopsy </Li> <Li> Brain death <Ul> <Li> Brainstem death </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Clinical death <Ul> <Li> DOA </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Death by natural causes </Li> <Li> Death rattle </Li> <Li> Dysthanasia </Li> <Li> End - of - life care </Li> <Li> Euthanasia </Li> <Li> Lazarus sign </Li> <Li> Lazarus syndrome </Li> <Li> Medical definition of death </Li> <Li> Organ donation </Li> <Li> Terminal illness </Li> <Li> Unnatural death </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lists </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Causes of death by rate </Li> <Li> Expressions related to death </Li> <Li> Natural disasters </Li> <Li> People by cause of death </Li> <Li> Premature obituaries </Li> <Li> Preventable causes of death </Li> <Li> Notable deaths by year </Li> <Li> Unusual deaths </Li> <Li> TV actors who died during production </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mortality </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Birthday effect </Li> <Li> Child mortality </Li> <Li> Gompertz -- Makeham law of mortality </Li> <Li> Holiday effect </Li> <Li> Immortality <Ul> <Li> Biological </Li> <Li> Digital </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Infant mortality </Li> <Li> Karōshi </Li> <Li> Maternal death </Li> <Li> Maternal mortality in fiction </Li> <Li> Memento mori </Li> <Li> Micromort </Li> <Li> Mortality displacement </Li> <Li> Mortality rate <Ul> <Li> RAMR </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mortality salience </Li> <Li> Perinatal mortality </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> After death </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Body </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Stages </Dt> <Dd> Pallor mortis </Dd> <Dd> Algor mortis </Dd> <Dd> Rigor mortis </Dd> <Dd> Livor mortis </Dd> <Dd> Putrefaction </Dd> <Dd> Decomposition </Dd> <Dd> Skeletonization </Dd> <Dd> Fossilization </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Preservation </Dt> <Dd> Cryopreservation <Dl> <Dd> Cryonics </Dd> <Dd> Neuropreservation </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> Embalming </Dd> <Dd> Maceration </Dd> <Dd> Mummification </Dd> <Dd> Plastination </Dd> <Dd> Prosection </Dd> <Dd> Taxidermy </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Disposal </Dt> <Dd> Burial <Dl> <Dd> Bed burial </Dd> <Dd> Burial at sea </Dd> <Dd> Chariot burial </Dd> <Dd> Jar burial </Dd> <Dd> Natural burial </Dd> <Dd> Premature

Rigor mortis plays a crucial role in meat processing because it, along with its resolution, partially determines the

What are the importance of rigor mortis in meat processing?

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The Joker ( Steve Miller Band song ) - wikipedia <H1> The Joker ( Steve Miller Band song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` The Joker ( song ) '' redirects here . For other songs with the same title , see Joker ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` The Joker '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cover of the 1973 single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Steve Miller Band </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album The Joker </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` ' see track listings ' '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> October 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' Single , 12 '' single , Cassette single ( Original Releases ) , CD single and Digital download ( Post Releases ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rock , blues rock , southern rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 26 ( Album version ) ; 3 : 35 ( 7 '' version / Radio edit ) and 6 : 20 ( Extended version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Capitol Records ; EMI - Odeon ; London Records , Parlophone Records , EMI Bovema , Odeon Records . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Eddie Curtis , Ahmet Ertegün , Steve Miller </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Steve Miller </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Steve Miller Band singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Fandango '' ( 1972 ) </Td> <Td> `` The Joker '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` Your Cash Ai n't Nothin ' But Trash '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Fandango '' ( 1972 ) </Td> <Td> `` The Joker '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` Your Cash Ai n't Nothin ' But Trash '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Take the Money and Run '' / `` The Joker '' ( 1983 , double A-side , live ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cover of the 1983 live single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Steve Miller Band singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Living in the U.S.A. '' ( live ) ( 1983 ) String Module Error : Match not found1983 </Td> <Td> `` Take the Money and Run '' ( live ) / `` The Joker '' ( live ) ( 1983 ) String Module Error : Match not found1983 </Td> <Td> `` Shangri - La '' ( 1984 ) Shangri - La1984 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` The Joker '' ( 1990 , reissue ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cover of the 1990 reissue </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Steve Miller Band singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Ya Ya '' ( 1988 ) Ya Ya1988 </Td> <Td> `` The Joker '' ( 1990 ) The Joker1990 </Td> <Td> `` Wide River '' ( 1993 ) Wide River1993 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` The Joker '' is a song by the Steve Miller Band from their 1973 album The Joker . It is one of two Steve Miller Band songs that feature the nonce word `` pompatus '' . The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 in early 1974 . </P> <P> More than 16 years later , in September 1990 , it reached number one in the UK Singles Chart for two weeks after being used in `` Great Deal '' , a Hugh Johnson - directed television advertisement for Levi 's , thus holding the record for the longest gap between transatlantic chart - toppers . This reissue of `` The Joker '' also topped the Irish Singles Chart , the New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart , the Dutch Nationale Top 100 and the Dutch Top 40 . </P> <P> The first line of the lyrics is a reference to the song `` Space Cowboy '' from Miller 's Brave New World album . Following lines refer to two other songs : `` Gangster of Love '' from Sailor and `` Enter Maurice '' from Recall the Beginning ... A Journey from Eden . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Inspiration and writing </Li> <Li> 2 Formats and track listings </Li> <Li> 3 Personnel </Li> <Li> 4 Certifications </Li> <Li> 5 Charts <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 5.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Cover versions <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Covers </Li> <Li> 6.2 Album tracks </Li> <Li> 6.3 Live cover performances </Li> <Li> 6.4 Sampling </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 8 References and footnotes </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Inspiration and writing ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the song , Steve Miller references The Clovers ' 1954 song `` Lovey Dovey '' when he sings `` You 're the cutest thing that I ever did see / Really love your peaches , wan na shake your tree / Lovey dovey , lovey dovey , lovey dovey all the time '' . </P> <P> The song is noted for its wolf whistle played on a slide guitar after the `` lovey dovey '' parts and the `` some people call me Maurice '' part . </P> <P> The line `` some people call me Maurice / ' Cause I speak of the pompatus of love '' was written after Miller heard the song `` The Letter '' by The Medallions . In `` The Letter '' , writer Vernon Green made up the word puppetutes , meaning a paper - doll erotic fantasy figure ; however , Miller misheard the word and wrote pompatus instead . </P> <H2> Formats and track listings ( edit ) </H2> <P> 7 '' single ( 1973 ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` The Joker '' -- 3 : 36 </Li> <Li> `` Something to Believe In '' -- 4 : 40 </Li> </Ol> <P> 7 '' single ( 1983 - live version ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` The Joker '' ( live ) -- 2 : 55 </Li> <Li> `` Take the Money and Run '' ( live ) -- 3 : 49 </Li> </Ol> <P> 7 '' single ( 1990 ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` The Joker '' ( single version ) -- 3 : 34 </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Let Nobody Turn You Around '' -- 2 : 27 </Li> </Ol> <P> 12 '' maxi ( 1990 ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` The Joker '' ( LP version ) -- 4 : 22 </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Let Nobody Turn You Around '' -- 2 : 27 </Li> <Li> `` Shu Ba Da Du Ma Ma Ma '' -- 5 : 39 </Li> </Ol> <P> CD maxi ( 1990 ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` The Joker '' ( single version ) -- 3 : 34 </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Let Nobody Turn You Around '' -- 2 : 27 </Li> <Li> `` Shu Ba Da Du Ma Ma Ma Ma '' -- 3 : 33 </Li> <Li> `` Living in the U.S.A. '' -- 3 : 59 </Li> </Ol> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Steve Miller -- guitar , lead vocals </Li> <Li> Gerald Johnson -- bass , backing vocals </Li> <Li> Dick Thompson -- organ </Li> <Li> John King -- drums </Li> </Ul> <H2> Certifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Sales certified </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> February 6 , 1991 </Td> <Td> 25,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> Silver </Td> <Td> October 1 , 1990 </Td> <Td> 200,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> January 11 , 1974 </Td> <Td> 1,000,000 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1973 / 1974 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian RPM Top Singles </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Daverende 30 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Top 40 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia Kent Music Report </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1990 / 1991 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austrian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Nationale Top 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Top 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> French SNEP Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Irish Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norwegian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Swedish Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Swiss Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1991 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Time in a Bottle '' by Jim Croce </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot 100 number one single January 12 , 1974 ( one week ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Show and Tell '' by Al Wilson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny Yellow Polka Dot Bikini '' by Bombalurina </Td> <Td> Irish IRMA number - one single September 6 , 1990 ( two weeks ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` I Useta Lover '' by The Saw Doctors </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny Yellow Polka Dot Bikini '' by Bombalurina </Td> <Td> UK Singles Chart number - one single September 9 , 1990 ( two weeks ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Show Me Heaven '' by Maria McKee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Verdammt , ich lieb ' dich '' by Matthias Reim </Td> <Td> Dutch Top 40 number - one single November 3 , 1990 ( two weeks ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Show Me Heaven '' by Maria McKee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Verdammt , ich lieb ' dich '' by Matthias Reim </Td> <Td> Dutch Nationale Top 100 number - one single November 10 , 1990 ( two weeks ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Show Me Heaven '' by Maria McKee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Trippin ' '' by Push Push </Td> <Td> New Zealand RIANZ number - one single May 10 , 1991 ( one week ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Trippin ' '' by Push Push </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` The Joker '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by k.d. lang </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Drag </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Eddie Curtis , Ahmet Ertegün , Steve Miller </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> k.d. lang , Craig Street </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> k.d. lang singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Sexuality '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` The Joker '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` Theme from the Valley of the Dolls '' ( 1997 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Sexuality '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` The Joker '' ( 1997 ) </Td> <Td> `` Theme from the Valley of the

The song "The Joker" was released in

When did the song the joker come out?

6091079313707220510

Life of Pi - Wikipedia <H1> Life of Pi </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the novel by Yann Martel . For the film based on the novel and directed by Ang Lee , see Life of Pi ( film ) . <Table> Life of Pi <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Life of Pi cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Yann Martel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original title </Th> <Td> Life of Pi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Fiction </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Knopf Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> September 11 , 2001 ( Canada ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISBN </Th> <Td> 0 - 676 - 97376 - 0 ( first edition , hardcover ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OCLC </Th> <Td> 46624335 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Self </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Followed by </Th> <Td> Beatrice and Virgil </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel published in 2001 . The protagonist is Piscine Molitor `` Pi '' Patel , an Indian boy from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and practicality from an early age . He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker . </P> <P> The novel has sold more than ten million copies worldwide . It was rejected by at least five London publishing houses before being accepted by Knopf Canada , which published it in September 2001 . The UK edition won the Man Booker Prize for Fiction the following year . It was also chosen for CBC Radio 's Canada Reads 2003 , where it was championed by author Nancy Lee . </P> <P> The French translation L'Histoire de Pi was chosen in the French CBC version of the contest Le combat des livres , where it was championed by Louise Forestier . The novel won the 2003 Boeke Prize , a South African novel award . In 2004 , it won the Asian / Pacific American Award for Literature in Best Adult Fiction for years 2001 -- 2003 . In 2012 it was adapted into a feature film directed by Ang Lee with a screenplay by David Magee . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Part one </Li> <Li> 1.2 Part two </Li> <Li> 1.3 Part three </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Major themes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Life is a story </Li> <Li> 2.2 Growth through adversity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Inspiration <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Richard Parker and shipwreck narratives </Li> <Li> 3.2 Moacyr Scliar </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Narrative structure </Li> <Li> 5 Setting </Li> <Li> 6 Characters <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Piscine Molitor `` Pi '' Patel </Li> <Li> 6.2 Richard Parker </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Reception </Li> <Li> 8 Adaptations <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Illustrated edition </Li> <Li> 8.2 Film adaptation </Li> <Li> 8.3 Theatrical adaptations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The novel begins with a note from the author , which is an integral part of it . Unusually , the note describes entirely fictional events . It serves to establish and enforce one of the book 's main themes : the relativity of truth . </P> <P> Life of Pi is subdivided into three sections : </P> <H3> Part one ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the first section , the main character , by the name of Piscine Patel , an adult Canadian , reminisces about his childhood in India . His father owns a zoo in Pondicherry . The livelihood provides the family with a relatively affluent lifestyle and some understanding of animal psychology . </P> <P> The narrator describes how he acquired his full name , Piscine Molitor Patel , as a tribute to the swimming pool in France . After hearing schoolmates tease him by transforming the first name into `` Pissing '' , he establishes the short form of his name as `` Pi '' when he starts secondary school . The name , he says , pays tribute to the irrational number which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter . </P> <P> In recounting his experiences , Pi describes several other unusual situations involving proper names : two visitors to the zoo , one a devout Muslim , and the other a committed atheist , bear identical names ; and a 450 - pound tiger at the zoo bears the name Richard Parker as the result of a clerical error , in which human and animal names were reversed . </P> <P> Pi is raised as a Hindu who practices vegetarianism . At the age of fourteen , he investigates Christianity and Islam , and decides to become an adherent of all three religions , much to his parents ' dismay , saying he `` just wants to love God . '' He tries to understand God through the lens of each religion , and comes to recognize benefits in each one . </P> <P> A few years later in 1977 , during the period when Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares `` The Emergency '' , Pi 's father decides to sell the zoo and immigrate with his wife and sons to Canada . </P> <H3> Part two ( edit ) </H3> <P> The second part of the novel begins with Pi 's family aboard the Tsimtsum , a Japanese freighter that is transporting animals from their zoo to North America . A few days out of port from Manila , the ship encounters a storm and sinks . Pi manages to escape in a small lifeboat , only to learn that the boat also holds a spotted hyena , an injured Grant 's zebra , and an orangutan named Orange Juice . Much to the boy 's distress , the hyena kills the zebra and then Orange Juice . A tiger has been hiding under the boat 's tarpaulin : it 's Richard Parker , who had boarded the lifeboat with ambivalent assistance from Pi himself some time before the hyena attack . Suddenly emerging from his hideaway , Richard Parker kills and eats the hyena . </P> <P> Frightened , Pi constructs a small raft out of rescue flotation devices , tethers it to the bow of the boat and makes it his place of retirement . He begins conditioning Richard Parker to take a submissive role by using food as a positive reinforcer , and seasickness as a punishment mechanism , while using a whistle for signals . Soon , Pi asserts himself as the alpha animal , and is eventually able to share the boat with his feline companion , admitting in the end that Richard Parker is the one who helped him survive his ordeal . </P> <P> Pi recounts various events while adrift in the Pacific Ocean . At his lowest point , exposure renders him blind and unable to catch fish . In a state of delirium , he talks with a marine `` echo '' , which he initially identifies as Richard Parker having gained the ability to speak , but it turns out to be another blind castaway , a Frenchman , who boards the lifeboat with the intention of killing and eating Pi , but is eventually killed by Richard Parker . </P> <P> Some time later , Pi 's boat comes ashore on a floating island network of algae and inhabited by hundreds of thousands of meerkats . Soon , Pi and Richard Parker regain strength , but the boy 's discovery of the carnivorous nature of the island 's plant life forces him to return to the ocean . </P> <P> Two hundred and twenty - seven days after the ship 's sinking , the lifeboat washes onto a beach in Mexico , after which Richard Parker disappears into the nearby jungle without looking back , leaving Pi heartbroken at the abrupt farewell . </P> <H3> Part three ( edit ) </H3> <P> The third part of the novel describes a conversation between Pi and two officials from the Japanese Ministry of Transport , who are conducting an inquiry into the shipwreck . They meet him at the hospital in Mexico where he is recovering . Pi tells them his tale , but the officials reject it as unbelievable . Pi then offers them a second story in which he is adrift on a lifeboat not with zoo animals , but with the ship 's cook , a Taiwanese sailor with a broken leg , and his own mother . The cook amputates the sailor 's leg for use as fishing bait , then kills the sailor himself as well as Pi 's mother for food , and soon he is killed by Pi , who dines on him . </P> <P> The investigators note parallels between the two stories . They soon conclude that the hyena symbolizes the cook , the zebra the sailor , the orangutan Pi 's mother , and the tiger represents Pi . Pi points out that neither story can be proven and neither explains the cause of the shipwreck , so he asks the officials which story they prefer : the one without animals or the one with animals . They eventually choose the story with the animals . Pi thanks them and says : `` And so it goes with God . '' The investigators then leave and file a report . </P> <H2> Major themes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Life is a story ( edit ) </H3> <P> Life of Pi , according to Yann Martel , can be summarized in three statements : `` Life is a story ... You can choose your story ... A story with God is the better story . '' A recurring theme throughout the novel seems to be believability . Pi at the end of the book asks the two investigators `` If you stumble at mere believability , what are you living for ? '' According to Gordon Houser there are two main themes of the book : `` that all life is interdependent , and that we live and breathe via belief . '' </P> <H3> Growth through adversity ( edit ) </H3> <P> PBS has described Martel 's story as one of `` personal growth through adversity . '' The main character learns that `` tigers are dangerous '' at a young age when his father forces him to watch the zoo 's Royal Bengal tiger patriarch , Mahisha , devour a live goat . Later , after he has been reduced to eking out a desperate existence on the lifeboat with the company of a fully grown tiger , Pi develops `` alpha '' qualities as he musters the strength , will and skills he needs to survive . </P> <H2> Inspiration ( edit ) </H2> <P> In a 2002 interview with PBS , Martel said `` I was sort of looking for a story , not only with a small ' s ' but sort of with a capital ' S ' -- something that would direct my life . '' He spoke of being lonely and needing direction in his life , and found that writing the novel met this need . </P> <H3> Richard Parker and shipwreck narratives ( edit ) </H3> <P> The name of Martel 's tiger , Richard Parker , was inspired by a character in Edgar Allan Poe 's nautical adventure novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket ( 1838 ) . In this book , Richard Parker is a mutineer who is stranded and eventually cannibalized on the hull of an overturned ship ( and there is a dog aboard who is named Tiger ) . The author also had in mind another occurrence of the name , in the famous

The tiger's name in the novel "Life of Pi" is

What is the tigers name in life of pi?

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the melody and its key of G major are still those of the originally published version , although the start of the anthem is often signalled by an introductory timpani roll of two bars length . The bass line of the standard version differs little from the second voice part shown in the original , and there is a standard version in four - part harmony for choirs . The first three lines ( six bars of music ) are soft , ending with a short crescendo into `` Send her victorious '' , and then is another crescendo at `` over us : '' into the final words `` God save the Queen '' . </P> <P> In the early part of the 20th century there existed a Military Band version , usually played in march time , in the higher key of B ♭ , because it was easier for brass instruments to play in that key , though it had the disadvantage of being more difficult to sing : however now most Bands play it in the correct key of G . </P> <P> Since 1953 , the anthem is sometimes preceded by a fanfare composed by Gordon Jacob for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . </P> Alternative British versions ( edit ) <P> There have been several attempts to improve the song by rewriting the words . In the nineteenth century there was some lively debate about the national anthem and , even then , verse two was considered to be slightly offensive . Notably , the question arose over the phrase `` scatter her enemies . '' Some thought it placed better emphasis on the respective power of Parliament and the Crown to change `` her '' to `` our '' ; others pointed out that the theology was somewhat dubious and substituted `` thine '' instead . Sydney G.R. Coles wrote a completely new version , as did Canon F.K. Harford . In 1836 , William Edward Hickson wrote four alternative verses . The first , third , and fourth of these verses are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal ( which only includes verses one and three of the original lyrics ) . </P> William Hickson 's alternative version ( edit ) <P> William Hickson 's alternative ( 1836 ) version includes the following verses , of which the first , third , and fourth have some currency as they are appended to the National Anthem in the English Hymnal . The fourth verse was sung after the traditional first verse at the Queen 's Golden Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving in 2002 and during the raising of the Union Flag during the closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics . </P> <P> God bless our native land ! May Heav'n's protecting hand Still guard our shore : May peace her power extend , Foe be transformed to friend , And Britain 's rights depend On war no more . O Lord , our monarch bless With strength and righteousness : Long may she reign : Her heart inspire and move With wisdom from above ; And in a nation 's love Her throne maintain May just and righteous laws Uphold the public cause , And bless our Isle : Home of the brave and free , Thou land of Liberty , We pray that still on thee Kind Heav'n may smile . Not in this land alone , But be God 's mercies known From shore to shore : Lord make the nations see That men should brothers be , And form one family The wide world o'er </P> Official peace version ( edit ) <P> A less militaristic version of the song , titled `` Official peace version , 1919 '' , was first published in the hymn book Songs of Praise in 1925 . This was `` official '' in the sense that it was approved by the British Privy Council in 1919 . However , despite being reproduced in some other hymn books , it is largely unknown today . </P> <P> God save our gracious Queen ! Long live our noble Queen ! God save The Queen ! Send her victorious Happy and glorious Long to reign over us God save the Queen ! One realm of races four Blest more and ever more God save our land ! Home of the brave and free Set in the silver sea True nurse of chivalry God save our land ! Of many a race and birth From utmost ends of earth God save us all ! Bid strife and hatred cease Bid hope and joy increase Spread universal peace God save us all ! </P> Historic alternative verses ( edit ) <P> Around 1745 , anti-Jacobite sentiment was captured in a verse appended to the song , with a prayer for the success of Field Marshal George Wade 's army then assembling at Newcastle . These words attained some short - term use , although they did not appear in the published version in the October 1745 Gentleman 's Magazine . This verse was first documented as an occasional addition to the original anthem by Richard Clark in 1822 , and was also mentioned in a later article on the song , published by the Gentleman 's Magazine in October 1836 . Therein , it is presented as an `` additional verse ... though being of temporary application only ... stored in the memory of an old friend ... who was born in the very year 1745 , and was thus the associate of those who heard it first sung '' , the lyrics given being : </P> <P> Lord , grant that Marshal Wade , May by thy mighty aid , Victory bring . May he sedition hush , and like a torrent rush , Rebellious Scots to crush , God save the King . </P> <P> The 1836 article and other sources make it clear that this verse was not used soon after 1745 , and certainly before the song became accepted as the British national anthem in the 1780s and 1790s . It was included as an integral part of the song in the Oxford Book of Eighteenth Century Verse of 1926 , although erroneously referencing the `` fourth verse '' to the Gentleman 's Magazine article of 1745 . </P> <P> On the opposing side , Jacobite beliefs were demonstrated in an alternative verse used during the same period : </P> <P> God bless the prince , I pray , God bless the prince , I pray , Charlie I mean ; That Scotland we may see Freed from vile Presbyt'ry , Both George and his Feckie , Ever so , Amen . </P> <P> In May 1800 , following an attempt to assassinate King George III at London 's Drury Lane theatre , playwright Richard Sheridan immediately composed an additional verse , which was sung from the stage the same night : </P> <P> From every latent foe From the assassins blow God save the King O'er him Thine arm extend For Britain 's sake defend Our father , king , and friend God save the King ! </P> <P> Various other attempts were made during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to add verses to commemorate particular royal or national events . For example , according to Fitzroy Maclean , when Jacobite forces bypassed Wade 's force and reached Derby , but then retreated and when their garrison at Carlisle Castle surrendered to a second government army led by King George 's son , the Duke of Cumberland , another verse was added . Other short - lived verses were notably anti-French , such as the following , quoted in the book Handel by Edward J. Dent : </P> <P> From France and Pretender Great Britain defend her , Foes let them fall ; From foreign slavery , Priests and their knavery , And Popish Reverie , God save us all . </P> <P> However , none of these additional verses survived into the twentieth century . Updated `` full '' versions including additional verses have been published more recently , including the standard three verses , Hickson 's fourth verse , Sheridan 's verse and the Marshal Wade verse . </P> <H3> Performance in the UK ( edit ) </H3> <P> The style most commonly heard in official performances was proposed as the `` proper interpretation '' by King George V , who considered himself something of an expert ( in view of the number of times he had heard it ) . An Army Order was duly issued in 1933 , which laid down regulations for tempo , dynamics and orchestration . This included instructions such as that the opening `` six bars will be played quietly by the reed band with horns and basses in a single phrase . Cornets and side - drum are to be added at the little scale - passage leading into the second half of the tune , and the full brass enters for the last eight bars '' . The official tempo for the opening section is a metronome setting of 60 , with the second part played in a broader manner , at a metronome setting of 52 . In recent years the prescribed sombre - paced introduction is often played at a faster and livelier tempo . </P> <P> Until the latter part of the 20th century , theatre and concert goers were expected to stand while the anthem was played after the conclusion of a show . In cinemas this brought a tendency for audiences to rush out while the end credits played to avoid this formality . ( This can be seen in the 1972 Dad 's Army episode A Soldier 's Farewell . ) </P> <P> The anthem continues to be played at some traditional events such as Wimbledon , Royal Variety Performance , the Edinburgh Tattoo , Royal Ascot , Henley Royal Regatta and The Proms . </P> <P> The anthem was traditionally played at closedown on the BBC , and with the introduction of commercial television to the UK this practice was adopted by some ITV companies ( with the notable exception of Granada ) . BBC Two never played the anthem at closedown , and ITV dropped the practice in the late 1980s , but it continued on BBC One until the final closedown on 8 November 1997 ( thereafter BBC1 began to simulcast with BBC News after end of programmes ) . The tradition is carried on , however , by BBC Radio 4 , which plays the anthem each night as a transition piece between the end of the Radio Four broadcasting and the move to BBC World Service . Radio 4 and Radio 2 also play the National Anthem at 0700 and 0800 on the actual and official birthdays of the Queen and the birthdays of senior members of the Royal Family . </P> <P> The UK 's national anthem usually prefaces The Queen 's Christmas Message ( although in 2007 it appeared at the end , taken from a recording of the 1957 television broadcast ) , and important royal announcements , such as of royal deaths , when it is played in a slower , sombre arrangement . </P> <H3> Other British anthems ( edit ) </H3> <P> Frequently , when an anthem is needed for one of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom -- at an international sporting event , for instance -- an alternative song is used : </P> <Ul> <Li> England generally uses `` God Save the Queen '' , but `` Jerusalem '' , `` Rule , Britannia ! '' and `` Land of Hope and Glory '' have also been used . <Ul> <Li> At international test cricket matches , England has , since 2004 , used `` Jerusalem '' as the anthem . </Li> <Li> At international rugby league matches , England uses `` God Save the Queen '' and also `` Jerusalem '' . </Li> <Li> At international rugby union and football matches , England uses `` God Save the Queen '' . </Li> <Li> At the Commonwealth

"God Save the Queen" became the national anthem

When did god save the queen became the national anthem?

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' first arose in the industrial north of Britain in the early part of nineteenth century and was originally a voluntary arrangement between factory owners and workers allowing Saturday afternoon off from 2pm in agreement that staff would be available for work sober and refreshed on Monday morning . The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first to successfully demand a five - day work week in 1929 . </P> <P> Most countries have adopted a two - day weekend , however , the days of the weekend differ according to religious tradition , i.e. either Thursday -- Friday , Friday -- Saturday , or Saturday -- Sunday , with the previous evening post-work often considered part of the weekend . Proposals have continued to be put forward for further reductions in the number of days or hours worked per week , on the basis of predicted social and economic benefits . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Length </Li> <Li> 3 Around the world <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Australia </Li> <Li> 3.2 Brazil </Li> <Li> 3.3 Chile </Li> <Li> 3.4 China <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Hong Kong </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.5 Colombia </Li> <Li> 3.6 European Union members <Ul> <Li> 3.6. 1 Austria </Li> <Li> 3.6. 2 Belgium </Li> <Li> 3.6. 3 Bulgaria </Li> <Li> 3.6. 4 Croatia </Li> <Li> 3.6. 5 Czech Republic </Li> <Li> 3.6. 6 Denmark </Li> <Li> 3.6. 7 Estonia </Li> <Li> 3.6. 8 Finland </Li> <Li> 3.6. 9 France </Li> <Li> 3.6. 10 Greece </Li> <Li> 3.6. 11 Hungary </Li> <Li> 3.6. 12 Ireland </Li> <Li> 3.6. 13 Italy </Li> <Li> 3.6. 14 Latvia </Li> <Li> 3.6. 15 Luxembourg </Li> <Li> 3.6. 16 Netherlands </Li> <Li> 3.6. 17 Poland </Li> <Li> 3.6. 18 Portugal </Li> <Li> 3.6. 19 Romania </Li> <Li> 3.6. 20 Slovakia </Li> <Li> 3.6. 21 Spain </Li> <Li> 3.6. 22 Sweden </Li> <Li> 3.6. 23 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.7 Belarus </Li> <Li> 3.8 India </Li> <Li> 3.9 Muslim countries <Ul> <Li> 3.9. 1 Thursday -- Friday weekend </Li> <Li> 3.9. 2 Friday weekend ( One day weekend ) </Li> <Li> 3.9. 3 Friday -- Saturday weekend </Li> <Li> 3.9. 4 Saturday -- Sunday weekend </Li> <Li> 3.9. 5 Non-contiguous working week </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.10 Israel </Li> <Li> 3.11 Japan </Li> <Li> 3.12 Mexico </Li> <Li> 3.13 Mongolia </Li> <Li> 3.14 Nepal </Li> <Li> 3.15 New Zealand </Li> <Li> 3.16 Russia <Ul> <Li> 3.16. 1 Soviet Union </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.17 Singapore </Li> <Li> 3.18 South Africa </Li> <Li> 3.19 Thailand </Li> <Li> 3.20 United States </Li> <Li> 3.21 Vietnam </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Organised labour </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Labour movement ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Timeline </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> New Unionism </Li> <Li> Proletariat </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Social Movement Unionism </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Socialism </Li> <Li> Syndicalism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Anarcho - syndicalism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Labour rights ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Child labour </Li> <Li> Eight - hour day </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Five - day work week </Li> <Li> Annual leave </Li> <Li> Collective bargaining </Li> <Li> Minimum wage </Li> <Li> Occupational safety and health </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trade unions ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Trade unions by country </Li> <Li> Trade union federations </Li> <Li> International comparisons </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> ITUC </Li> <Li> IWA </Li> <Li> WFTU </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Strike action ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Chronological list of strikes </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> General strike </Li> <Li> Secondary action </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Sitdown strike </Li> <Li> Work - to - rule </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Labour parties ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Australian </Li> <Li> British </Li> <Li> Dutch </Li> <Li> Irish </Li> <Li> Israeli </Li> <Li> New Zealand </Li> <Li> Norwegian </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> List of Labour parties </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Academic disciplines ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Industrial relations </Li> <Li> Labour economics </Li> <Li> Labour history </Li> <Li> Labour law </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( September 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A continuous seven - day cycle that runs throughout history paying no attention whatsoever to the phases of the moon , having a fixed day of rest , was probably first practiced in Judaism , dated to the 6th century BC at the latest . </P> <P> In Ancient Rome , every eight days there was a nundinae . It was a market day , during which children were exempted from school and plebs ceased from work in the field and came to the city to sell the produce of their labor or practice religious rites. . </P> <P> The French Revolutionary Calendar had ten - day weeks ( called décades ) and allowed décadi , one out of the ten days , as a leisure day . </P> <P> In cultures with a four - day week , the three Sabbaths derives from the culture 's main religious tradition : Friday ( Muslim ) , Saturday ( Jewish ) , and Sunday ( Christian ) . </P> <P> The present - day concept of the relatively longer ' week - end ' first arose in the industrial north of Britain in the early part of nineteenth century and was originally a voluntary arrangement between factory owners and workers allowing Saturday afternoon off from 2pm in agreement that staff would be available for work sober and refreshed on Monday morning . The Oxford English Dictionary traces the first use of the term weekend to the British magazine Notes and Queries in 1879 . </P> <P> In 1908 , the first five - day workweek in the United States was instituted by a New England cotton mill so that Jewish workers would not have to work on the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday . In 1926 , Henry Ford began shutting down his automotive factories for all of Saturday and Sunday . In 1929 , the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first union to demand a five - day workweek and receive it . After that , the rest of the United States slowly followed , but it was not until 1940 , when a provision of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act mandating a maximum 40 - hour workweek went into effect , that the two - day weekend was adopted nationwide . </P> <P> Over the succeeding decades , particularly in the 1940s , 1950s , and 1960s , an increasing number of countries adopted either a Friday -- Saturday or Saturday -- Sunday weekend to harmonize with international markets . A series of workweek reforms in the mid-to - late 2000s and early 2010s brought much of the Arab World in synchronization with the majority of countries around the world , in terms of working hours , the length of the workweek , and the days of the weekend . The International Labour Organization ( ILO ) currently defines a workweek exceeding 48 hours as excessive . A 2007 study by the ILO found that at least 614.2 million people around the world were working excessive hours . </P> <H2> Length ( edit ) </H2> This day planner chart ( which can be used for any months ) shows the workweek days as white boxes and the weekend days as light blue - coloured boxes . <P> Actual workweek lengths have been falling in the developed world . Every reduction of the length of the workweek has been accompanied by an increase in real per - capita income . In the United States , the workweek length reduced slowly from before the Civil War to the turn of the 20th century . A rapid reduction took place from 1900 to 1920 , especially between 1913 and 1919 , when weekly hours fell by about eight percent . In 1926 , Henry Ford standardized on a five - day workweek , instead of the prevalent six days , without reducing employees ' pay . Hours worked stabilized at about 49 per week during the 1920s , and during the Great Depression fell below 40 . During the Depression , President Herbert Hoover called for a reduction in work hours in lieu of layoffs . Later , President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 , which established a five - day , 40 - hour workweek for many workers . The proportion of people working very long weeks has since risen , and the full - time employment of women has increased dramatically . </P> <P> The New Economics Foundation has recommended moving to a 21 - hour standard workweek to address problems with unemployment , high carbon emissions , low well - being , entrenched inequalities , overworking , family care , and the general lack of free time . The Center for Economic and Policy Research states that reducing the length of the work week would slow climate change and have other environmental benefits . </P> <H2> Around the world ( edit ) </H2> <P> ( Countries listed alphabetically . Some countries have Saturday a normal school day . Some countries appear under the subsections for Muslim countries and the European Union . ) </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Nation </Th> <Th> Typical Hours per Week </Th> <Th> Working week </Th> <Th> Typical hours worked ( Maximum per day ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Afghanistan </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Sunday -- Thursday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Albania </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Algeria </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Sunday -- Thursday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Angola </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Armenia </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Azerbaijan </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> 38.5 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 7.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 7.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bahrain </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Sunday -- Thursday </Td> <Td> 8 ( 6 during Ramadan for Muslim employees ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bangladesh </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Government offices and Banks : Sunday - Thursday <P> Else : Saturday - Thursday </P> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Benin </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belarus </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 7.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brunei Darussalam </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Thursday and Saturday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Burundi </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bulgaria </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cameroon </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chile </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> China </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Croatia </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> Monday -- Friday </Td> <Td>

The 5-day work week began in

When did the 5 day work week begin?

-5412703064874788739

Draft lottery ( 1969 ) - wikipedia <H1> Draft lottery ( 1969 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( October 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Representative Alexander Pirnie ( R - NY ) drawing the first number . <P> On December 1 , 1969 , the Selective Service System of the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call to military service in the Vietnam War for men born from 1944 to 1950 . These lotteries occurred during a period of conscription from just before World War II to 1973 . It was the first time a lottery system had been used to select men for military service since 1942 . </P> <P> The lottery numbers assigned in December 1969 were used during calendar year 1970 both to call for induction and to call for physical examination , a preliminary call covering more men . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Method </Li> <Li> 2 Origins and consequences </Li> <Li> 3 Modification </Li> <Li> 4 Present Day Use </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Method ( edit ) </H2> <P> The days of the year ( including February 29 ) were written on slips of paper . These pieces of paper were then placed in separate plastic capsules that were mixed in a shoebox and then dumped into a deep glass jar . Capsules were drawn from the jar one at a time . </P> <P> The first number drawn was 258 ( September 14 ) , so all registrants with that birthday were assigned lottery number 1 . The second number drawn corresponded to April 24 , and so forth . All men of draft age ( born 1944 to 1950 ) who shared a birth date would be called to serve at once . The first 195 birthdates drawn were later called to serve in the order they were drawn ; the last of these was September 24 . </P> <P> Also on December 1 , 1969 , a second lottery was held with the 26 letters of the alphabet . Among men with the same birthdate , the order of induction was determined by the ranks of the first letters of their last , first , and middle names . Anyone with initials `` JJJ '' would have been first within the shared birthdate , followed by `` JGJ '' , `` JDJ '' , and `` JXJ '' ; anyone with initials `` VVV '' would have been last . </P> SSS Draft scatterplot of the days of the year ( horizontal ) and their lottery numbers ( vertical ) . December birthdays ( far right ) were assigned many low numbers ( bottom ) , representing early induction , and few high numbers ( top ) . <P> People soon noticed that the lottery numbers were not distributed uniformly over the year . In particular , November and December births , or dates 306 to 366 , were assigned mainly to lower draft numbers representing earlier calls to serve ( see figure ) . This led to complaints that the lottery was not random as the legislation required . Analysis of the procedure suggested that mixing 366 capsules in the shoe box did not mix them sufficiently before dumping them into the jar . ( `` The capsules were put in a box month by month , January through December , and subsequent mixing efforts were insufficient to overcome this sequencing . '' ) Only five days in December -- Dec. 2 , 12 , 15 , 17 and 19 -- were higher than the last call number of 195 ; had the days been evenly distributed , 14 days in December would have been expected to remain uncalled . From January to December , the rank of the average draft pick numbers were 5 4 1 3 2 6 8 9 10 7 11 12 . A Monte Carlo simulation found that the probability of a random order of months being this close to the 1 -- 12 sequence expected for unsorted slips was 0.09 % . </P> <P> Draft lotteries were conducted again in 1970 ( for those born in 1951 ) and from 1971 to 1975 ( for 1952 to 1956 births ) . The draft numbers issued in 1972 were never used the next year to call for induction into service , because the last call was December 7 and authority to induct expired on June 30 , 1973 . </P> <P> The 1972 to 1975 lottery numbers were used to call some men born 1953 to 1956 for physical exams . The highest number called for a physical was 215 ( for tables 1970 through 1976 ) . </P> <H2> Origins and consequences ( edit ) </H2> <P> The reason for the 1969 draft was to add personnel to a war to stop the spread of communism in Vietnam . After World War II , Japan left Vietnamese Emperor Bao Dai in command . Ho Chi Minh , another Vietnamese leader , saw this as an opportunity to strike and took over Hanoi . Ho Chi Minh then set up the Democratic Republic of Vietnam . Emperor Bo , in the South , set up the Vietnam State with Saigon as the capital . Ho Chi Minh was basing his political structure off of the communist states such as Russia while Emperor Bao Dai in the south wanted a Vietnam that was modeled after the west , like the United States . </P> <P> The North and the South began armed conflict against one another until the battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 ended with the Viet Minh forces as the victor . Afterwards at the Geneva conference Vietnam was split along the 17th latitude . There was supposed to be a reunification election in 1956 but another leader took over the South . Ngo Dinh Diem took over leadership from Emperor Bao Dai who took a very hard stance against communism . </P> <P> In other parts of the world , the Cold War was intensifying between Soviet Russia and the United States . The U.S. was becoming more rigid in its policies with the communist allies of Russia . President Dwight D. Eisenhower started supporting the South Vietnamese who were also against the communist north . </P> <P> The U.S. begun training and equipping Diem 's forces with weapons . Conflicts between communist sympathizers began occurring in the South . At the time , the U.S. had only committed around 800 personnel to train and outfit the South Vietnamese . In 1961 , the John F. Kennedy administration started working under the `` Domino Theory , '' which stated that if South Vietnam was to fall to the North , then other places in southeast Asia were to become vulnerable to the communists as well . This caused President Kennedy to begin sending additional American soldiers to Vietnam . By 1962 , there were around 9,000 personnel in Vietnam . </P> <P> In 1963 , a coup was organized by South Vietnamese generals which resulted in the death of Diem . President Lyndon B. Johnson increased U.S. personnel in Vietnam due to the political instability in the country . In August 1964 , two U.S. warships were attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats . Johnson issued an attack order against North Vietnam , and Congress passed a motion which gave him more authority over military decisions . In 1965 , President Johnson had sent 82,000 troops to Vietnam , and his officials wanted another 175,000 . Due to the heavy demand for military personnel , the United States required more than what the regular military could provide , causing the acceleration of the draft . Between 1965 and 1972 the draft provided 2,215,000 service members to the U.S. military . </P> <P> Previously in the United States , during the War of 1812 , President Madison established a commission to recommend the best ways to raise military manpower ; to keep the draft or to institute a volunteer army . </P> <P> After much debate within the Nixon administration and Congress , it was decided that an all - volunteer force was affordable , feasible , and would enhance the nation 's security . President Richard Nixon issued an executive order prescribing regulations for random selection by the United States Selective Service on November 26 , 1969 . </P> <P> In the 1960s anti-war movements started to occur in the U.S. , mainly among those on college campuses and in more leftist circles , especially those who embraced the `` hippie '' lifestyle . College students were entitled to a deferment ( 2 - S status ) but were subject to the draft if they dropped out or graduated . </P> <P> In 1967 , the number of U.S. military personnel in Vietnam was around 500,000 . The war was costing the U.S. $25 billion a year , and many of the young men drafted were being sent to a war they wanted no part of . Martin Luther King Jr. also started to support the anti-war movement on the grounds of it being immoral and the amount of African Americans that were being killed . </P> <P> November 15 , 1969 marked the largest anti war movement in the history of the United States . This protest featured many anti-war political speakers and popular singers of the time . Many people at the time saw Richard Nixon as a liar ; when he took office , he claimed that he would begin troop withdrawals from Vietnam immediately . After ten months of being in office , the president had yet to start withdrawals , anyone and the people felt lied to . Later , president Nixon claimed to have been watching sports as the anti-war demonstration took place outside the White House . </P> <P> The 1970s were a time of turmoil in the United States , beginning with the civil rights movement which set the standards for practices by the anti-war movement . The 1969 draft lottery only encouraged resentment of the Vietnam War and the draft . It strengthened the anti-war movement , and all over the United States , people decried discrimination by the draft system `` against low - education , low - income , underprivileged members of society '' . </P> <P> The draft lottery had social and economic consequences because it generated resistance to military service and the resisters , draft evaders or `` draft dodgers '' , were generally young , well - educated , healthy men . The fear of military service in Vietnam influenced many young men born in the late 1940s to join the National Guard . These young men were aware that the National Guard would be unlikely to send its soldiers to Vietnam . Many men were unable to join the National Guard , even though they had passed their physicals , because many state National Guards had long waiting lists just to enlist . Still others chose legal sanctions such as imprisonment , either showing their disapproval by burning their draft cards or draft letters , or simply not presenting themselves for the military service test . Others left the country , commonly moving to Canada . The number of American citizens who moved to Canada during the Vietnam war because of the draft is estimated to be around 125,000 ; it is believed that about half returned to the United States after the Nixon era ( when the war was also over ) ( 1975 ) . </P> <H2> Modification ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lottery procedure was improved the next year although public discontent continued to grow until `` authority to induct expired on June 30 , 1973 '' . </P> <P>

The United States stopped drafting for the Vietnam War in

When did the us stop drafting for the vietnam war?

5125203672618500204

Balamory - wikipedia <H1> Balamory </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Balamory </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Brian Jameson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Julie Wilson Nimmo Miles Jupp Kasia Haddad Buki Akib Juliet Cadzow Andrew Agnew Rodd Christensen Mary Riggans Kim Tserkezie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 254 , including Christmas special . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Brian Jameson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 19 -- 21 minutes . 28 -- 30 minutes . Specials </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> BBC Scotland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> BBC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBeebies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 16 : 9 Widescreen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Stereo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> 10 February 2002 -- 14 April 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/shows/balamory </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Balamory is a Scottish live action television series on British television ( BBC One , BBC Two and CBeebies ) for pre school children , about a fictional small island community called Balamory in Scotland . It was produced between 10 February 2002 and 14 April 2005 by BBC Scotland , with 254 episodes made ( including a DVD exclusive Christmas episode ) . The series was created by Brian Jameson . </P> <P> Balamory was filmed mostly in Tobermory on the Isle of Mull , with the exception of scenes at Archie 's castle filmed at Fenton Tower in North Berwick , and other scenes , such as Camden and the nursery filmed in Glasgow . </P> <P> A select series of episodes was shown for two brief seasons in the United States on the Discovery Kids channel . It was also shown on TLC . In Ireland , episodes were shown until recently on weekdays on RTÉ Two 's The Den and continue to be shown on The Den 's replacement , RTÉjr . </P> Tobermory , Mull , the setting for the fictional town of Balamory Edie McCredie 's bus ( LDV Convoy ) in the Glasgow Museum of Transport <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Characters </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Episode guide </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Audience </Li> <Li> 4 Songs </Li> <Li> 5 Production </Li> <Li> 6 Retirement </Li> <Li> 7 Awards </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are eight central characters in Balamory . Each character wears a distinctive colour of clothing like pink or yellow , and lives in a house of the same colour like Archie lives in a pink castle , with the exception of Penny Pocket ( who shares the red house / shop with Suzie Sweet , and wears blue ) and PC Plum ( who lives in the white house but wears a police uniform ) . Each character also has one or more individual songs . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Character </Th> <Th> Actor </Th> <Th> Job </Th> <Th> House </Th> <Th> Song ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Hoolie </Td> <Td> Julie Wilson Nimmo </Td> <Td> Nursery teacher </Td> <Td> Green house </Td> <Td> <P> Nursery Song : Everybody everyone Day off song : What do you want to do today ( Series 1 -- 2 ) Strike up the band ( Series 3 -- 4 ) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Archie the Inventor </Td> <Td> Miles Jupp </Td> <Td> Inventor </Td> <Td> Pink castle </Td> <Td> <P> I 'm Archie the Inventor ( Series 1 - 4 ) Great Inventions , Groovy Solutions ( Series 3 -- 4 ) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Josie Jump </Td> <Td> Buki Akib ( series 1 - 2 ) Kasia Haddad ( Series 3 -- 4 ) </Td> <Td> Fitness instructor </Td> <Td> Yellow house </Td> <Td> <P> Josie Jump is My Name ( Jump a Little Higher ) ( Series 1 - 4 ) Cheer You Up ( Series 3 -- 4 ) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Edie McCredie </Td> <Td> Juliet Cadzow </Td> <Td> Bus driver </Td> <Td> Blue garage / house </Td> <Td> <P> When I Honk My Horn ( Series 1 - 4 ) Let Me Take You on a Journey ( Series 3 -- 4 ) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PC Plum </Td> <Td> Andrew Agnew </Td> <Td> Policeman </Td> <Td> Black and white police station </Td> <Td> <P> I 'm PC Plum ( Series 1 -- 4 ) Follow the Clue ( Series 3 -- 4 ) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spencer the Painter </Td> <Td> Rodd Christensen </Td> <Td> Painter / Musician </Td> <Td> Orange house </Td> <Td> <P> Climbing Up My Musical Ladder ( Series 1 -- 4 ) If You Need a Little Rhythm ( Series 3 -- 4 ) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Suzie Sweet </Td> <Td> Mary Riggans </Td> <Td> Shop and café workers </Td> <Td> Red shop </Td> <Td> <P> I 'm Suzie Sweet , I 'm Penny Pocket ( Series 1 -- 4 ) Suzie 's Cooking ( Series 3 -- 4 ) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Penny Pocket </Td> <Td> Kim Tserkezie </Td> <Td> <P> I 'm Suzie Sweet , I 'm Penny Pocket ( Series 1 -- 4 ) Sort It ( Series 3 -- 4 ) </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The nursery teacher Miss Hoolie is the framing character and narrator for each episode . She introduces the programme and the problem which needs to be solved , provides a recap in the middle , and summarises the story at the end of the episode . </P> <P> Archie the Inventor builds zany creations from household objects , such as boxes , bottles , yoghurt pots , string , and similar items that young children might typically use in craft projects . His inventions are intended to be useful , but sometimes backfire . </P> <P> Josie Jump is the fitness instructor at the primary school next door to Miss Hoolie 's nursery school . She plays and coaches all types of gymnastics , sports , and dance , and encourages the young viewers to exercise . She is also talented at storytelling through expressive movement and dance . </P> <P> Edie McCredie drives the nursery school bus . She has travelled all over the world , and has a variety of photographs and souvenirs to talk about . She is also an expert driver and motor mechanic , and occasionally gets exasperated with other road users . </P> <P> Police officer PC Plum aspires to be a master detective , but Balamory is a crime free village . He spends most of his time watching wildlife and using his detective skills , to figure out what the animals have been doing . He is also particularly interested in rules , regulations , and safety . </P> <P> Spencer is officially responsible for painting the coloured houses of Balamory , but also paints pictures and creates music . His painter 's ladder is musical , each rung sounding a different note . Spencer is also the only American to reside in Balamory and he is black . </P> <P> Suzie Sweet and Penny Pocket together run the village shop and cafe . Suzie Sweet is an older , grandmotherly figure who loves to tell customers about the items in the shop . Penny Pocket is a young woman who uses a wheelchair ; she has a talent for mathematics . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <P> A typical episode follows this general plan : </P> <P> The opening credits show the town of `` Balamory '' with its brightly coloured houses . Miss Hoolie opens the nursery school , greets the nursery children , and talks about that day 's weather . </P> <P> One of the other characters ( who will be the main character of that episode ) tells Miss Hoolie about a problem . This character then sings `` Which Coloured House Are We Going To ? '' , asking the young viewers to guess which of the Balamory characters will be most helpful in solving the problem . The main character then proceeds to visit several other characters until the problem is solved . Miss Hoolie and the main character provide a summary of the story at each point , and a final recap at the end of the episode . </P> <P> For example , in one episode Josie Jump has been asked to look after a neighbour 's rabbit , but does not know what it needs . She is advised to visit PC Plum , who advises her to feed it vegetables . She then goes to the shop run by Pocket and Sweet to buy rabbit food , and finally brings the rabbit to Miss Hoolie 's nursery for the children to feed and pat it . </P> <P> Each episode of Balamory contains at least five songs : </P> <Ul> <Li> `` What 's the Story in Balamory ? '' , the theme song </Li> <Li> Miss Hoolie 's opening song , either `` Everybody , Everyone '' if the nursery school is open , or one of the two `` day off '' songs otherwise </Li> <Li> `` Which Coloured House Are We Going To ? '' , sung by the main character after presenting his or her problem </Li> <Li> Character - specific songs , sung by the characters visited by the main character </Li> </Ul> <H3> Episode guide ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Series One </Li> <Li> Series Two </Li> <Li> Series Three </Li> <Li> Series Four </Li> </Ul> <H2> Audience ( edit ) </H2> <P> The programme was aimed at pre schoolers . The programme 's creator had intended it as a `` soap opera for children '' . The show can also be seen in a humorous light . The characters in Balamory are somewhat naive and light hearted , often appearing to be children trapped in adult bodies with adult roles . The storyline revolves around simple problems designed to challenge pre schoolers ' minds . </P> <H2> Songs ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are many songs in Balamory , mainly sung by the actors . These songs are used consistently throughout the series , when corresponding characters or circumstances are introduced . In the run starting from September 2004 , new songs were introduced . These songs are longer and take up more time in the episode , so the old versions were still often used . </P> <P> In addition to the character specific songs mentioned in the `` Characters '' section , there are two general songs : </P> <Ul> <Li> `` What 's the Story in Balamory ? '' is the show 's theme song , sung over the opening titles and played as an instrumental over the closing credits . </Li> <Li> `` Which Coloured House Are We Going To ? '' is sung by the main character of each episode after introducing that episode 's problem . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Very few episodes feature actors other than the main characters and the nursery children . Terry Wogan made a guest appearance in one episode ( The Game Show ) as a television director . This episode also featured Greg Hemphill ( Julie Wilson Nimmo 's husband in real life )

The resident of the blue house in Balamory is

Who lives in the blue house in balamory?

191186237312063235

Hosts ( file ) - wikipedia <H1> Hosts ( file ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Host ( disambiguation ) . <P> The computer file hosts is an operating system file that maps hostnames to IP addresses . It is a plain text file . Originally a file named HOSTS. TXT was manually maintained and made available via file sharing by Stanford Research Institute for the ARPANET membership , containing the hostnames and address of hosts as contributed for inclusion by member organizations . The Domain Name System , first described in 1983 and implemented in 1984 , automated the publication process and provided instantaneous and dynamic hostname resolution in the rapidly growing network . In modern operating systems , the hosts file remains an alternative name resolution mechanism , configurable often as part of facilities such as the Name Service Switch as either the primary method or as a fallback method . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Purpose </Li> <Li> 2 File content </Li> <Li> 3 Location in the file system </Li> <Li> 4 History </Li> <Li> 5 Extended applications </Li> <Li> 6 Security issues </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Purpose ( edit ) </H2> <P> The hosts file is one of several system facilities that assists in addressing network nodes in a computer network . It is a common part of an operating system 's Internet Protocol ( IP ) implementation , and serves the function of translating human - friendly hostnames into numeric protocol addresses , called IP addresses , that identify and locate a host in an IP network . </P> <P> In some operating systems , the contents of the hosts file is used preferentially to other name resolution methods , such as the Domain Name System ( DNS ) , but many systems implement name service switches , e.g. , nsswitch. conf for Linux and Unix , to provide customization . Unlike remote DNS resolvers , the hosts file is under the direct control of the local computer 's administrator . </P> <H2> File content ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The hosts file contains lines of text consisting of an IP address in the first text field followed by one or more host names . Each field is separated by white space -- tabs are often preferred for historical reasons , but spaces are also used . Comment lines may be included ; they are indicated by an octothorpe ( # ) in the first position of such lines . Entirely blank lines in the file are ignored . For example , a typical hosts file may contain the following : </P> 127.0. 0.1 localhost loopback : : 1 localhost <P> This example only contains entries for the loopback addresses of the system and their host names , a typical default content of the hosts file . The example illustrates that an IP address may have multiple host names ( localhost and loopback ) , and that a host name may be mapped to both IPv4 and IPv6 IP addresses , as shown on the first and second lines respectively . </P> <H2> Location in the file system ( edit ) </H2> <P> The location of the hosts file in the file system hierarchy varies by operating system . It is usually named hosts , without an extension . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Operating System </Th> <Th> Version ( s ) </Th> <Th> Location </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Unix , Unix - like , POSIX </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> / etc / hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Microsoft Windows </Td> <Td> 3.1 </Td> <Td> % WinDir % \ HOSTS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 95 , 98 , ME </Td> <Td> % WinDir % \ hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> NT , 2000 , XP , 2003 , Vista , 2008 , 7 , 2012 , 8 , 10 </Td> <Td> % SystemRoot % \ System32 \ drivers \ etc \ hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Windows Mobile , Windows Phone </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Registry key under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ Comm \ Tcpip \ Hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apple Macintosh </Td> <Td> 9 and earlier </Td> <Td> Preferences or System folder </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mac OS X 10.0 -- 10.1. 5 </Td> <Td> ( Added through NetInfo or niload ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mac OS X 10.2 and newer </Td> <Td> / etc / hosts ( a symbolic link to / private / etc / hosts ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Novell NetWare </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> SYS : etc \ hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> OS / 2 & eComStation </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` bootdrive '' : \ mptn \ etc \ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Symbian </Td> <Td> Symbian OS 6.1 -- 9.0 </Td> <Td> C : \ system \ data \ hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Symbian OS 9.1 + </Td> <Td> C : \ private \ 10000882 \ hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MorphOS </Td> <Td> NetStack </Td> <Td> ENVARC : sys / net / hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> AmigaOS </Td> <Td> < 4 </Td> <Td> AmiTCP : db / hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> DEVS : Internet / hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> AROS </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> ENVARC : AROSTCP / db / hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Android </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> / etc / hosts ( a symbolic link to / system / etc / hosts ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> iOS </Td> <Td> iOS 2.0 and newer </Td> <Td> / etc / hosts ( a symbolic link to / private / etc / hosts ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TOPS - 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> < SYSTEM > HOSTS. TXT </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Plan 9 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> / lib / ndb / hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> BeOS </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> / boot / beos / etc / hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Haiku </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> / boot / common / settings / network / hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> OpenVMS </Td> <Td> UCX </Td> <Td> UCX $ HOST </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TCPware </Td> <Td> TCPIP $ HOST </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> RISC OS </Td> <Td> 3.7 , 5 </Td> <Td> ! Boot. Resources. ! Internet. files. Hosts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> later boot sequence </Td> <Td> ! Boot. Choices. Hardware. Disabled. Internet. Files. Hosts </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ARPANET , the predecessor of the Internet , had no distributed host name database . Each network node maintained its own map of the network nodes as needed and assigned them names that were memorable to the users of the system . There was no method for ensuring that all references to a given node in a network were using the same name , nor was there a way to read the hosts file of another computer to automatically obtain a copy . </P> <P> The small size of the ARPANET kept the administrative overhead small to maintain an accurate hosts file . Network nodes typically had one address and could have many names . As local area TCP / IP computer networks gained popularity , however , the maintenance of hosts files became a larger burden on system administrators as networks and network nodes were being added to the system with increasing frequency . </P> <P> Standardization efforts , such as the format specification of the file HOSTS. TXT in RFC 952 , and distribution protocols , e.g. , the hostname server described in RFC 953 , helped with these problems , but the centralized and monolithic nature of hosts files eventually necessitated the creation of the distributed Domain Name System ( DNS ) . </P> <P> On some old systems a file named networks is present that has similar to hosts file functions containing names of networks . </P> <H2> Extended applications ( edit ) </H2> <P> In its function of resolving host names , the hosts file may be used to define any hostname or domain name for use in the local system . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Redirecting local domains </Dt> <Dd> Some web service and intranet developers and administrators define locally defined domains in a LAN for various purposes , such as accessing the company 's internal resources or to test local websites in development . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Internet resource blocking </Dt> <Dd> Entries in the hosts file may be used to block online advertising , or the domains of known malicious resources and servers that contain spyware , adware , and other malware . This may be achieved by adding entries for those sites to redirect requests to another address that does not exist or to a harmless destination . Commercial software applications may be used to populate the hosts file with entries of known undesirable Internet resources automatically . </Dd> </Dl> <H2> Security issues ( edit ) </H2> <P> The hosts file may present an attack vector for malicious software . The file may be modified , for example , by adware , computer viruses , or trojan horse software to redirect traffic from the intended destination to sites hosting malicious or unwanted content . The widespread computer worm Mydoom. B blocked users from visiting sites about computer security and antivirus software and also affected access from the compromised computer to the Microsoft Windows Update website . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> DNSBL , a DNS - based blackhole list </Li> <Li> Content - control software </Li> <Li> Ad filtering </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Internet Systems Consortium . `` The Most Widely Used Name Server Software : BIND '' . History of BIND . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 01 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cisco Networking Academy Program : First - Year Companion Guide '' , Cisco Systems , Inc. , 2002 ( 2nd Edition ) , page 676 , ISBN 1 - 58713 - 025 - 4 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Linux Network Administrators Guide : Writing hosts and networks files '' . Retrieved May 16 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Hosts File '' . Retrieved August 10 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Microsoft KB Q314053 : TCP / IP and NBT configuration parameters for Windows XP '' . Retrieved August 28 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Microsoft KB 972034 Revision 2.0 : default hosts files '' . Retrieved August 28 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Mac OS X : How to Add Hosts to Local Hosts File '' . Retrieved August 28 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` The Haiku / BeOS Tip Server '' . Retrieved November 30 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ RISC OS 6.14 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Remove Trojan. Qhosts -- Symantec '' . Retrieved May 16 , 2010 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Windows <Ul> <Li> TCP / IP in Windows 2000 Professional </Li> <Li> Microsoft TCP / IP Host Name Resolution Order </Li> <Li> Blocking Unwanted Connections with a Hosts File ( Creative Commons License ) </Li> <Li> Solution if Windows stops you from modifying the Hosts file or the Lmhosts file in Windows Vista / 7 / 8 </Li> <Li> Beginners Guide on Editing Hosts File </Li> <Li> List of Microsoft related domains that Windows wo n't redirect </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mac <Ul> <Li> How to block unwanted domains with a HOSTS file on Mac OS X 10.2 or later </Li> <Li> `` Gas Mask '' - Hosts file manager for Mac

The host file in Windows Server 2008 R2 is located at

Where is the host file located in windows server 2008 r2?

-3208479537930323813

History of laptops - wikipedia <H1> History of laptops </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( July 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs attention from an expert in History of Science . Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article . WikiProject History of Science may be able to help recruit an expert . ( November 2008 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Alan Kay with his 1972 `` Dynabook '' prototype ( photo : 5 November 2008 in Mountain View , California ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> History of computing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hardware </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hardware before 1960 </Li> <Li> Hardware 1960s to present </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Software </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Software </Li> <Li> Unix </Li> <Li> Free software and open - source software </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Computer science </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Artificial intelligence </Li> <Li> Compiler construction </Li> <Li> Computer science </Li> <Li> Operating systems </Li> <Li> Programming languages </Li> <Li> Prominent pioneers </Li> <Li> Software engineering </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Modern concepts </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> General - purpose CPUs </Li> <Li> Graphical user interface </Li> <Li> Internet </Li> <Li> Laptops </Li> <Li> Personal computers </Li> <Li> Video games </Li> <Li> World Wide Web </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> By country </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bulgaria </Li> <Li> Poland </Li> <Li> Romania </Li> <Li> Soviet Bloc </Li> <Li> Soviet Union </Li> <Li> Yugoslavia </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Timeline of computing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> before 1950 </Li> <Li> 1950 -- 1979 </Li> <Li> 1980 -- 1989 </Li> <Li> 1990 -- 1999 </Li> <Li> 2000 -- 2009 </Li> <Li> 2010 -- 2019 </Li> <Li> more timelines ... </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The history of laptops describes the efforts in the 1970 s and 1980 s to build small , portable personal computers that combine the components , inputs , outputs and capabilities of a desktop computer in a small chassis . Before laptop / notebook computers were technically feasible , similar ideas had been proposed , most notably Alan Kay 's Dynabook concept , developed at Xerox PARC in the early 1970 s . One of the first reasonably portable computers was the Xerox NoteTaker , again developed at Xerox PARC , in 1976 . However , only 10 prototypes were built . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Portal R2E CCMC </Li> <Li> 2 Osborne 1 </Li> <Li> 3 Bondwell 2 </Li> <Li> 4 Compaq Portable </Li> <Li> 5 Epson HX - 20 </Li> <Li> 6 Grid Compass </Li> <Li> 7 Dulmont Magnum / Kookaburra </Li> <Li> 8 Ampere </Li> <Li> 9 Tandy Model 100 </Li> <Li> 10 Sharp and Gavilan </Li> <Li> 11 Kyotronic 85 </Li> <Li> 12 Commodore SX - 64 </Li> <Li> 13 Kaypro 2000 </Li> <Li> 14 IBM PC Convertible </Li> <Li> 15 Toshiba T1100 , T1000 , and T1200 </Li> <Li> 16 US Air Force </Li> <Li> 17 Hewlett - Packard Vectra Portable CS </Li> <Li> 18 Cambridge Z88 </Li> <Li> 19 Compaq SLT / 286 </Li> <Li> 20 NEC UltraLite </Li> <Li> 21 Apple <Ul> <Li> 21.1 Macintosh Portable </Li> <Li> 21.2 Powerbook </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 22 IBM RS / 6000 N40 </Li> <Li> 23 Windows 95 operating system </Li> <Li> 24 Intel Pentium processor </Li> <Li> 25 Improved technology </Li> <Li> 26 Netbooks </Li> <Li> 27 Smartbooks </Li> <Li> 28 See also </Li> <Li> 29 References </Li> <Li> 30 External links </Li> <Li> 31 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Portal R2E CCMC ( edit ) </H2> R2E CCMC Portal laptop <P> The portable micro computer the `` Portal '' of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially appeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris . The Portal was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by the studies and developments department of the French firm R2E Micral in 1980 at the request of the company CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting . It was based on an Intel 8085 processor , 8 - bit , clocked at 2 MHz . It was equipped with a central 64K byte Ram , a keyboard with 58 alpha numeric keys and 11 numeric keys ( separate blocks ) , a 32 - character screen , a floppy disk : capacity = 140 000 characters , of a thermal printer : speed = 28 characters / second , an asynchronous channel , a synchronous channel , a 220V power supply . Designed for an operating temperature of 15 ° C to 35 ° C , it weighed 12 kg and its dimensions were 45cm x 45cm x 15cm . It provided total mobility . Its operating system was Prologue . </P> <H2> Osborne 1 ( edit ) </H2> An opened Osborne 1 computer , ready for use . The keyboard sits on the inside of the lid . <P> The Osborne 1 is considered the first true mobile computer by most historians . Adam Osborne founded Osborne Computer and formed the Osborne 1 in 1981 . The Osborne 1 had a five - inch screen , incorporating a modem port , two 5 1 / 4 floppy drives , a big collection of bundled software applications , and a battery pack . The computer company was a failure and did not last for very long . Although it was large and heavy compared to today 's laptops , with a tiny 5 '' CRT monitor , it had a near - revolutionary impact on business , as professionals were able to take their computer and data with them for the first time . This and other `` luggables '' were inspired by what was probably the first portable computer , the Xerox NoteTaker . The Osborne was about the size of a portable sewing machine , and could be carried on commercial aircraft . The Osborne 1 weighed close to 11 kg and was priced at $1795 . </P> <H2> Bondwell 2 ( edit ) </H2> <P> Although it was n't released until 1985 , well after the decline of CP / M as a major operating system , the Bondwell 2 is one of only a handful of CP / M laptops . It used a Z - 80 CPU running at 4 MHz , had 64 KBs of RAM , and a 3.5 '' floppy disk drive built in , which was unusual for CP / M laptops . The flip - up LCD display 's resolution was 640x200 pixels . Bondwell 2 also included MicroPro 's complete line of CP / M software , including WordStar . The Bondwell 2 was capable of displaying bitmapped graphics . The price of the Bondwell 2 was listed at $995 . </P> <H2> Compaq portable ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Compaq Portable was the first portable computer created in 1982 which one of the first 100 % IBM PC compatible systems . The first shipment was in March 1983 and was priced at $2,995 . The Compaq Portable folded up into a luggable case the size of a portable sewing machine . The third model of this development , Compaq Portable II , featured high resolution graphics on its tube display . It was the first portable computer ready to be used on the shop floor , and for CAD and diagram display . It established Compaq as a major brand on the market . </P> <H2> Epson HX - 20 ( edit ) </H2> Epson HX - 20 ( 1981 ) Epson L3s ( ~ 1990 ? ) <P> Another significant machine announced in 1981 , although first sold widely in 1983 , was the Epson HX - 20 . A simple handheld computer , it featured a full - transit 68 - key keyboard , rechargeable nickel - cadmium batteries , a small ( 120 × 32 - pixel ) dot - matrix LCD with 4 lines of text , 20 characters per line text mode , a 24 column dot matrix printer , a Microsoft BASIC interpreter , and 16 KB of RAM ( expandable to 32 KB ) . Through at least the late 1980s Epson continued to release laptops such as the L3s . </P> <H2> GRiD Compass ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Grid Compass <P> The first laptop in the modern form was the Grid Compass 1101 , designed by Bill Moggridge in 1979 -- 80 , and released in 1983 . Enclosed in a magnesium case , it introduced the now familiar clamshell design , in which the flat display folded shut against the keyboard . The computer could be run from batteries , and was equipped with a 320 × 200 - pixel electroluminescent display and 384 kilobyte bubble memory . It was not IBM - compatible , and its high price ( US $ 8,000 -- 10,000 ) limited it to specialized applications . However , it was used heavily by the U.S. military , and by NASA on the Space Shuttle during the 1980s . The GRiD 's manufacturer subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace . GRiD Systems Corp. was later bought by the Tandy ( now RadioShack ) Corporation . </P> <H2> Dulmont Magnum / Kookaburra ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Dulmont Magnum <P> Another contender for the first true laptop was the Dulmont Magnum , designed Barry Wilkinson and Terry Crews Engineering Manager at Dulmison in 1982 and released in Australia in 1983 It included an 80 × 8 display in a lid that closed against the keyboard . It was based on the MS - DOS operating system and applications stored in ROM ( A :) and also supported removable modules in expansion slots ( B : and C :) that could be custom programmed EPROM or standard word processing and spreadsheet applications . However , the Magnum had no nonvolatile memory , but could suspend and retain memory in RAM , including a RAM Disk ( D :) . A separate expansion box provided dual 5.25 - inch floppy or 10 MB hard disk storage . Dulmont was eventually taken over by Time Office Computers , who marketed the Magnum internationally in 16 and 25 line LCD versions , and also introduced the brandname Kookaburra to emphasize its Australian origins . </P> <H2> Ampere ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Ampere , a laptop with a sleek clamshell design by Ryu Oosake , was made in 1983 . It offered a MC68008 microprocessor dedicated to running an APL interpreter residing in ROM . It was released as the Ampere WS - 1 . </P> <H2> Tandy Model 100 ( edit ) </H2> <P> The TRS - 80 Model 100 was an early portable computer introduced in 1983 . It was one of the first notebook - style computers , featuring a keyboard and LCD , battery - powered , in a package roughly the size and shape of a notepad or a large book . </P> <P> It was made by Kyocera , and originally sold in Japan as the Kyotronic 85 . Although a slow seller for Kyocera , the rights to the machine were purchased by Tandy Corporation , and the computer was sold through Radio Shack stores in the United

The world's first laptop computer, the "Portal" of the French company R2E Micral CCMC, was introduced in the market in

When was the worlds first laptop computer introduced in the market and by whom?

-5192491797154084918

List of Scooby - Doo , where are You ! Episodes - wikipedia <H1> List of Scooby - Doo , where are You ! Episodes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Scooby - Doo , Where Are You ! is a Saturday morning cartoon produced by Hanna - Barbera . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Season 1 ( 1969 -- 70 ) </Li> <Li> 2.2 Season 2 ( 1970 ) </Li> <Li> 2.3 Season 3 ( 1978 ) ( Revival ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Series overview ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 17 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 13 , 1969 ( 1969 - 09 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> January 17 , 1970 ( 1970 - 01 - 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 8 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 12 , 1970 ( 1970 - 09 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> October 31 , 1970 ( 1970 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 16 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 9 , 1978 </Td> <Td> December 23 , 1978 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 1969 -- 70 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Villain ( s ) </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` What a Night for a Knight '' </Td> <Td> Black Knight / Mr. Wickles </Td> <Td> September 13 , 1969 ( 1969 - 09 - 13 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> While walking home from the movies , Shaggy and Scooby - Doo discover a black suit of armor in a pickup truck , and the gang deliver it to the local museum . The kids later break into the museum to search for clues , after learning that the archaeologist who was transporting the suit is missing , and they find that the knight 's armor has come to life . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Hassle in the Castle '' </Td> <Td> Phantom of Vasquez / Bluestone the Great </Td> <Td> September 20 , 1969 ( 1969 - 09 - 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The gang goes out on a boating expedition , but gets lost in a fog and crashes their boat on the mysterious Haunted Isle . They decide to venture to the abandoned Vázquez Castle on the island for help , but instead encounter a transparent phantom running loose , who threatens them to leave the island and never return . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` A Clue for Scooby - Doo '' </Td> <Td> Ghost of Captain Cutler / Captain Cutler </Td> <Td> September 27 , 1969 ( 1969 - 09 - 27 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The kids ' beach party is interrupted by a ghost in a glowing deep sea - diving suit , who they think is connected with the disappearance of several yachts . The mystery leads the gang to a bay known as `` The Graveyard of Ships '' where they have a run - in with the ghost . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mine Your Own Business '' </Td> <Td> Miner 49er / Hank </Td> <Td> October 4 , 1969 ( 1969 - 10 - 04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Thanks to Shaggy reading the map upside down , the sleuths end up in Gold City , an old mining town , haunted by the ghost of a miner from 1849 who is said to wander the mines looking for the last vein of gold . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Decoy for a Dognapper '' </Td> <Td> Indian Witch Doctor and Ghost of Geronimo / Buck Masters </Td> <Td> October 11 , 1969 ( 1969 - 10 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> When a series of local dognappings alarms prize - winning dog trainer Buck Masters , the gang offers to have Scooby - Doo pose as a decoy to catch the dognappers . However , their plan works too well as Scooby is himself dognapped , leading the gang to discover that the dognappers appear to be under the command of a ghostly Indian witch doctor . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` What the Hex Going On ? '' </Td> <Td> Ghost of Elias Kingston / Stuart Weatherby </Td> <Td> October 18 , 1969 ( 1969 - 10 - 18 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The kids pay a visit to their friend Sharon Weatherby , whose Uncle Stuart has been cursed by the ghost of the family 's neighbor , Elias Kingston . When Uncle Stuart disappears altogether , Mystery , Inc. ventures into the abandoned and allegedly haunted Kingston Mansion next door , in search of him and the ghost . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Never Ape an Ape Man '' </Td> <Td> Ape Man / Carl </Td> <Td> October 25 , 1969 ( 1969 - 10 - 25 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The gang get jobs as extras on Daphne 's uncle John 's set of his new movie The Ape Man of Forbidden Mountain , based on the legend of an ape man . However , the legend soon comes true and the ape man terrorizes the set and the gang . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Foul Play in Funland '' </Td> <Td> Charlie the Funland Robot controlled by Sarah Jenkins </Td> <Td> November 1 , 1969 ( 1969 - 11 - 01 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The gang notice that the carnival Funland appears to be operating by itself , so they go to investigate . They soon discover a crazy robot running loose , but when they notify the caretaker , he and his wife are rebuffed , convincing the kids to solve the mystery . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` The Backstage Rage '' </Td> <Td> Phantom Puppeteer / Mr. Pietro </Td> <Td> November 8 , 1969 ( 1969 - 11 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> While getting a pizza , Shaggy and Scooby - Doo come across a violin case filled with counterfeit money . While Scooby is distracted by a dog puppet , the case of money is stolen away . Shaggy , Scooby , and the rest of the gang find a string puppet controller at the scene and follow it to the local puppet theater , where they uncover a counterfeiting operation , controlled by a spooky puppet master . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Bedlam in the Big Top '' </Td> <Td> Ghost Clown / Harry the Hypnotist </Td> <Td> November 15 , 1969 ( 1969 - 11 - 15 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Mystery , Inc. meets a strongman and a midget , both on the run from a circus allegedly haunted by a ghost clown . The gang goes to the circus grounds to investigate , but several of them fall victim to the Ghost Clown 's powers of hypnotism . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` A Gaggle of Galloping Ghosts '' </Td> <Td> Count Dracula , Werewolf , Frankenstein 's Monster and the Gypsy / Big Bob Oakley , alias `` The Actor '' </Td> <Td> November 22 , 1969 ( 1969 - 11 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> While on their way to Franken Castle , the gang stop to get their fortunes told by a gypsy . She warns them `` they will meet their doom '' if they go to the castle . The gang goes to the castle anyway , where they are confronted by Count Dracula , Frankenstein 's monster and a Werewolf . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Scooby - Doo and a Mummy , Too '' </Td> <Td> Mummy of Ankha / Dr. Najib </Td> <Td> November 29 , 1969 ( 1969 - 11 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> While visiting a museum , the gang learn about the legend of Ankha , a 3000 - year - old mummy . Legend had it that the mummy will come back alive and turn people to stone if he is removed from his tomb . Shaggy later finds a coin inside his pocket from the exhibit , and when the gang go back to return it , they find the mummy has come to life and turned the professors to stone , and now he wants Shaggy 's coin . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Which Witch is Which ? '' </Td> <Td> Witch / Zeb Perkins , Zombie / Zeke Perkins </Td> <Td> December 6 , 1969 ( 1969 - 12 - 06 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> While lost in a swamp , the gang comes across a zombie who spooks them . In the nearby town of Swamp 's End , they learn that a witch nearby brought the zombie to life , and the gang investigates . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Spooky Space Kook '' </Td> <Td> Space Kook / Henry Bascombe </Td> <Td> December 13 , 1969 ( 1969 - 12 - 13 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The Mystery Machine runs out of gas in front of a farmhouse , next to an abandoned airfield , which is haunted by a UFO and its ghostly alien driver . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Go Away Ghost Ship '' </Td> <Td> Ghost of Redbeard / C.L. Magnus , Ghosts of Redbeard 's Crew / Hired Henchmen </Td> <Td> December 20 , 1969 ( 1969 - 12 - 20 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> The newspaper reports that local shipping company owner C.L. Magnus 's company is going out of business , because the ghost of the pirate Redbeard is haunting the harbor and looting Magnus ' ships . After reading the story and consulting Magnus , the gang sets out to see if they can stop the ghost . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` A Night of Fright is No Delight '' </Td> <Td> Phantom Shadows ( Giggling Green Ghosts ) / Cosgoode Creeps and Cuthbert Crawls </Td> <Td> January 10 , 1970 ( 1970 - 01 - 10 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> Scooby - Doo is named in the will of Colonel Beauregard Sanders , an eccentric millionaire whose life he saved several years earlier . The only way to claim the inheritance is for Scooby , and the other four heirs to stay the night in the Colonel 's mansion -- which they quickly learn is haunted by two phantom shadows . </P> Note : In `` Scoobynatural , '' a season 13 episode of The CW horror fantasy show Supernatural , protagonists Sam and Dean Winchester along with the angel Castiel get sucked into this episode of Scooby - Doo by an actual ghost where they team up with the Scooby Gang to solve the mystery . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` That 's Snow Ghost '' </Td> <Td> Snow Ghost / Mr. Greenway </Td> <Td> January 17 , 1970 ( 1970 - 01 - 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr>

The first episode of Scooby Doo aired on

When was the first episode of scooby doo?

-3310154792386934413

Houston Astros - wikipedia <H1> Houston Astros </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Astros '' redirects here . For other uses , see Astro . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Houston Astros </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 2018 Houston Astros season </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Established in 1962 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team logo </Td> <Td> Cap insignia </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Major league affiliations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> American League ( 2013 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> West Division ( 2013 -- present ) </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> National League ( 1962 -- 2012 ) <Ul> <Li> Central Division ( 1994 -- 2012 ) </Li> <Li> West Division ( 1969 -- 1993 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Current uniform </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Retired numbers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 </Li> <Li> 7 </Li> <Li> 24 </Li> <Li> 25 </Li> <Li> 32 </Li> <Li> 33 </Li> <Li> 34 </Li> <Li> 40 </Li> <Li> 49 </Li> <Li> 42 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Colors </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Navy blue , orange , white </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Name </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Houston Astros ( 1965 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Houston Colt . 45s ( 1962 -- 1964 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Other nicknames </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> ' Stros </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ballpark </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Minute Maid Park ( 2000 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Astrodome ( 1965 -- 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Colt Stadium ( 1962 -- 1964 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Major league titles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> World Series titles ( 1 ) </Th> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> AL Pennants ( 1 ) </Th> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NL Pennants ( 1 ) </Th> <Td> 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> AL West Division titles ( 1 ) </Th> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NL West / Central Division titles ( 6 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 1986 </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> 1999 </Li> <Li> 2001 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wild card berths ( 3 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2005 </Li> <Li> 2015 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Astros also qualified for the postseason in the strike - split 1981 season , losing to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLDS . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Front office </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jim Crane </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Manager </Th> <Td> A.J. Hinch </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General Manager </Th> <Td> Jeff Luhnow </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> President of Baseball Operations </Th> <Td> Reid Ryan </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston , Texas . The Astros compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division , having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League ( NL ) . The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000 . </P> <P> The Astros were established as the Houston Colt . 45s and entered the National League as an expansion team in 1962 along with the New York Mets . The current name -- reflecting Houston 's role as the control center of the U.S. space program -- was adopted three years later , when they moved into the Astrodome , the world 's first domed sports stadium . </P> <P> The Astros played in the NL from 1962 to 2012 . They played in the West Division from 1969 to 1993 , and the Central Division from 1994 to 2012 . While a member of the NL , the Astros played in one World Series , in 2005 , against the Chicago White Sox , in which they were swept in four games . In 2017 , they became the first franchise in MLB history to have won a pennant in both the NL and the AL , when they defeated the New York Yankees in the ALCS . They subsequently won the 2017 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers , winning four games to three , earning the team , and Texas , its first World Series title . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Franchise history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Major League Baseball comes to Texas </Li> <Li> 1.2 1962 -- 1964 : The Colt . 45s </Li> <Li> 1.3 1965 -- 1970 : The Great Indoors </Li> <Li> 1.4 1971 -- 1974 : The boys in orange <Ul> <Li> 1.4. 1 The Big Trade </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.5 1975 -- 1979 : The rainbow era </Li> <Li> 1.6 1980 : On the Brink </Li> <Li> 1.7 1981 -- 1985 </Li> <Li> 1.8 1986 : Lighting a Fire </Li> <Li> 1.9 1987 -- 1990 : Out with the old , in with the new </Li> <Li> 1.10 2000 -- 2004 : New stadium </Li> <Li> 1.11 2005 : First World Series in Texas </Li> <Li> 1.12 2006 -- 2010 : The decline </Li> <Li> 1.13 2010 -- 2014 : 100 - loss seasons , move to the AL West and rebuilding </Li> <Li> 1.14 2015 : Sudden success and a return to the playoffs </Li> <Li> 1.15 2016 : Inconsistency , missing the playoffs and struggles against the Texas Rangers </Li> <Li> 1.16 2017 : World Series champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Achievements <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Franchise record </Li> <Li> 2.2 Awards </Li> <Li> 2.3 Team captains </Li> <Li> 2.4 Team records </Li> <Li> 2.5 Retired numbers <Ul> <Li> 2.5. 1 Out of circulation , but not retired </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Hall of Fame <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Baseball Hall of Fame members </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ford C. Frick Award recipients </Li> <Li> 3.3 Texas Sports Hall of Fame </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Current roster </Li> <Li> 5 Minor league affiliations </Li> <Li> 6 Radio and television </Li> <Li> 7 Mascots </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Franchise history ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Major League Baseball comes to Texas ( edit ) </H3> See also : Houston Buffaloes <P> From 1888 until 1961 , Houston 's professional baseball club was the minor league Houston Buffaloes . Although expansion from the National League eventually brought an MLB team to Texas in 1962 , Houston officials had been making efforts to do so for years prior . There were four men chiefly responsible for bringing Major League Baseball to Houston : George Kirksey and Craig Cullinan , who had led a futile attempt to purchase the St. Louis Cardinals in 1952 ; R.E. `` Bob '' Smith , a prominent oilman and real estate magnate in Houston who was brought in for his financial resources ; and Judge Roy Hofheinz , a former Mayor of Houston and Harris County Judge who was recruited for his salesmanship and political style . They formed the Houston Sports Association as their vehicle for attaining a big league franchise for the city of Houston . </P> <P> Given MLB 's refusal to consider expansion , Kirksey , Cullinan , Smith , and Hofheinz joined forces with would - be owners from other cities and announced the formation of a new league to compete with the established National and American Leagues . They called the new league the Continental League . Wanting to protect potential new markets , both existing leagues chose to expand from eight teams to ten . However , plans eventually fell through for the Houston franchise after the Houston Buffaloes owner , Marty Marion , could not come to an agreement with the HSA to sell the team . To make matters worse , the Continental League as a whole folded in August 1960 . </P> <P> However , on October 17 , 1960 , the National League granted an expansion franchise to the Houston Sports Association in which their team could begin play in the 1962 season . According to the Major League Baseball Constitution , the Houston Sports Association was required to obtain territorial rights from the Houston Buffaloes in order to play in the Houston area , and again negotiations began to purchase the team . Eventually , the Houston Sports Association succeeded in purchasing the Houston Buffaloes , at this point majority - owned by William Hopkins , on January 17 , 1961 . The Buffs played one last minor league season as the top farm team of the Chicago Cubs in 1961 before being succeeded by the city 's NL club . </P> <P> The new Houston team was named the Colt . 45s after a `` Name The Team '' contest was won by William Irving Neder . The Colt . 45 was well known as `` the gun that won the west . '' The colors selected were navy blue and orange . The first team was formed mostly through an expansion draft after the 1961 season . The Colt . 45s and their expansion cousins , the New York Mets , took turns choosing players left unprotected by the other National League franchises . </P> <P> Many of those associated with the Houston Buffaloes organization were allowed by the ownership to continue in the major league . Manager Harry Craft , who had joined Houston in 1961 , remained in the same position for the team until the end of the 1964 season . General manager Spec Richardson also continued with the organization as business manager , but was later promoted again to the same position with the Astros from 1967 until 1975 . Although most players for the major league franchise were obtained through the 1961 Major League Baseball expansion draft , Buffs players J.C. Hartman , Pidge Browne , Jim Campbell , Ron Davis , Dave Giusti , and Dave Roberts were chosen to continue as major league ball players . </P> <P> Similarly , the radio broadcasting team remained with the new Houston major league franchise . Loel Passe worked alongside Gene Elston as a color commentator until he retired from broadcasting in 1976 . Elston continued with the Astros until 1986 . </P> <P> The Colt . 45s began their existence playing at Colt Stadium , a temporary venue built just north of the construction site of the indoor stadium . </P> <H3> 1962 -- 1964 : the Colt . 45s ( edit ) </H3> Colt . 45s logo , 1962 -- 1964 <P> The Colt . 45s started their inaugural season on April 10 , 1962 , against the Chicago Cubs with Harry Craft as the Colt . 45s ' manager . Bob Aspromonte scored the first run for the Colt . 45s on an Al Spangler triple in the first inning . They started the season with a three - game sweep of the Cubs but eventually finished eighth among the National League 's ten teams . The team 's best pitcher , Richard `` Turk '' Farrell , lost 20 games despite an ERA of 3.02 . A starter for the Colt . 45s , Farrell was primarily a relief pitcher prior to playing for Houston . He was selected to both All - Star Games in 1962 . </P> <P> The 1963 season saw more young talent mixed with seasoned veterans . Jimmy Wynn , Rusty Staub , and Joe Morgan all made their major league debuts in the 1963 season . However , Houston 's position in the standings did not improve . In fact , the Colt . 45s finished in ninth place with a 66 -- 96 record . The team was still building , trying to find that perfect mix to compete . The 1964 campaign began on a sad note , as relief pitcher Jim Umbricht died of cancer at the age of 33 on April

The last time the Astros won the World Series was in

When is last time the astros won the world series?

-7876533033876892996

Shooting an elephant - wikipedia <H1> Shooting an elephant </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Shooting an Elephant '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cover of first anthology publication </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> George Orwell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Unknown whether fiction or non-fiction </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published in </Th> <Td> New Writing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 1936 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Shooting an Elephant '' is an essay by George Orwell , first published in the literary magazine New Writing in late 1936 and broadcast by the BBC Home Service on 12 October 1948 . </P> <P> The essay describes the experience of the English narrator , possibly Orwell himself , called upon to shoot an aggressive elephant while working as a police officer in Burma . Because the locals expect him to do the job , he does so against his better judgment , his anguish increased by the elephant 's slow and painful death . The story is regarded as a metaphor for British imperialism , and for Orwell 's view that `` when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys . '' </P> <P> Orwell spent some of his life in Burma in a position akin to that of the narrator , but the degree to which his account is autobiographical is disputed , with no conclusive evidence to prove it to be fact or fiction . After Orwell 's death in 1950 , the essay was republished several times , including in Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays ( 1950 ) , Inside the Whale and Other Essays ( 1957 ) , and Selected Writings ( 1958 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Context </Li> <Li> 2 Events </Li> <Li> 3 Themes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Imperialism </Li> <Li> 3.2 Conqueror and conquered </Li> <Li> 3.3 Conscience </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Film adaptation </Li> <Li> 5 Fact or fiction </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Context ( edit ) </H2> <P> Britain conquered Burma over a period of 62 years ( 1823 -- 1886 ) , during which three Anglo - Burmese wars took place , and incorporated it into its Indian Empire . It was administered as a province of India until 1937 , when it became a separate , self - governing colony , attaining its independence on January 4 , 1948 . With a strong interest in the lives of the working class , Orwell -- born in India to a middle - class family , but brought up in Britain -- held the post of assistant superintendent in the British Indian Imperial Police in Burma from 1922 to 1927 . </P> <P> `` Moulmein used to be full of elephants ... '' ( employed to ) haul logs in the timber firms . `` Ordinary tamed elephants have been part of Burmese life for centuries , ... the rare and revered white elephant , is believed in Buddhist legend to be a symbol of purity and power . '' By the time Orwell moved to Moulmein , in 1926 , `` ... he was most probably ambivalent about the colonial state of which he was a part . The Kipling - inspired romance of the Raj had been worn thin by the daily realities of his job in which , ... he witnessed ' the dirty work of Empire at close quarters ' . '' Orwell writes how he was trapped between his own resentment towards the Empire and the Burmese people 's resentment towards him . As a member of the ruling power , he is cornered into doing what the `` natives '' expect of him : `` He wears a mask , and his face grows to fit it . '' `` </P> <H2> Events ( edit ) </H2> A passport photo of Orwell , taken during his time in the Burmese police force . <P> In Moulmein , the narrator -- Orwell , writing in the first person -- is a police officer during a period of intense anti-European sentiment . Although his intellectual sympathies lie with the Burmese , his official role makes him a symbol of the oppressive imperial power . As such , he is subjected to constant baiting and jeering by the local people . </P> <P> After receiving a call regarding a normally tame elephant 's rampage , the narrator , armed with a . 44 caliber Winchester rifle and riding on a pony , goes to the town where the elephant has been seen . Entering one of the poorest quarters , he receives conflicting reports and contemplates leaving , thinking the incident is a hoax . The narrator then sees a village woman chasing away children who are looking at the corpse of an Indian whom the elephant has trampled and killed . He sends an order to bring an elephant rifle and , followed by a group of roughly a few thousand people , heads toward the paddy field where the elephant has rested in its tracks . </P> <P> Although he does not want to kill the elephant now that it seems peaceful , the narrator feels pressured by the demand of the crowd for the act to be carried out . After inquiring as to the elephant 's behavior and delaying for some time , he shoots the elephant several times , wounding it but unable to kill it . The narrator then leaves the beast , unable to be in its presence as it continues to suffer . He later learns that it was stripped , nearly to the bone , within hours . His elderly colleagues agree that killing the elephant was the best thing to do , but the younger ones believe that it was worth more than the Indian it killed . The narrator then wonders if they will ever understand that he did it `` solely to avoid looking a fool . '' </P> <H2> Themes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Imperialism ( edit ) </H3> <P> An anti-imperialist writer , Orwell promotes the idea that , through imperialism , both conqueror and conquered are destroyed . Orwell clearly states his displeasure with colonial Britain : `` I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing ... I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors , the British . '' The narrator perceives that the conqueror is not in control , but it is rather the will of the people that governs his actions . As ruler , he notes that it is his duty to appear resolute , with his word being final . </P> <P> I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys . He becomes a sort of hollow , posing dummy , the conventionalized figure of a sahib . For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the `` natives , '' and so in every crisis he has got to do what the `` natives '' expect of him . He wears a mask , and his face grows to fit it . I had got to shoot the elephant . I had committed myself to doing it when I sent for the rifle . A sahib has got to act like a sahib ; he has got to appear resolute , to know his own mind and do definite things . To come all that way , rifle in hand , with two thousand people marching at my heels , and then to trail feebly away , having done nothing -- no , that was impossible . The crowd would laugh at me . And my whole life , every white man 's life in the East , was one long struggle not to be laughed at . </P> <P> Although it is not the narrator 's wish to shoot the elephant , and even though he holds a weapon far beyond the technological capabilities of the natives , his will is not his own and , due to their expectation , he realises that he must shoot the elephant ; `` I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind . '' Reflectively , the narrator realises that being forced to impose strict laws and to shoot the elephant -- he states his feelings against the act , but submits after comprehending he `` had got to shoot the elephant '' -- illustrates an inherent problem of hegemony : `` when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys . '' By enforcing the strict British rule , he is forfeiting his freedom while concurrently oppressing the Burmese . </P> <H3> Conqueror and conquered ( edit ) </H3> <P> The narrator 's situation throughout the essay is one of little prospect or prominence . He comments on how , even though he is of the ruling class , he finds himself either largely ignored by the Burmese people or hated . He remarks in the first sentence , `` I was hated by large numbers of people -- the only time in my life that I have been important enough for this to happen to me . '' Only with the expectation of a killing do the locals find him `` momentarily worth watching . '' He describes how , as a police officer , he was often a target for mockery from the locals , as was any European who provided an easy target . </P> <P> In contrast to his description of the natives as `` little beasts '' , the narrator labels the elephant as a `` great beast '' , suggesting he holds it in higher esteem than the locals . This is somewhat paradoxical , however , as the narrator 's own job is demeaning and forces him to see `` the dirty work of the Empire at close quarters '' . The narrator singles out `` Buddhist priests '' -- persons synonymous with peace and goodwill -- to be `` the worst of all '' and comments on how he would gladly `` drive a bayonet into a Buddhist priest 's guts '' . </P> <P> Having killed the elephant , the narrator considers how he was glad it killed the `` coolie '' as that gave him full legal backing . The essay finishes with him wondering if they will even understand his motive for having killed the elephant as he merely wished to salvage his pride . </P> <H3> Conscience ( edit ) </H3> <P> The narrator 's conscience plagues him greatly as he finds himself trapped between the `` hatred of the empire ( he ) served '' and his `` rage against the evil - spirited little beasts who tried to make ( his ) job impossible . '' He claims that he is `` all for the Burmese and all against the British '' and goes on to say that `` feelings like these are the normal by - products of imperialism ; ask any Anglo - Indian official , if you can catch him off duty . '' This creates a sense of empathy from the imperialists for the natives , but as they treat their conquerors badly , they start to feel less guilty and so treat them badly once more . </P> <H2> Film adaptation ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 2015 , `` Shooting an Elephant '' was adapted into a short film by director Juan Pablo Rothie and Academy Award nominated writer Alec Sokolow . The film was shot entirely on location in Nepal starring Barry Sloane as Eric Blair . </P> <H2> Fact or fiction ( edit ) </H2> <P> The degree to which the story is fiction

The speaker in "Shooting an Elephant" is George

Who is the speaker in shooting an elephant?

1838851770314085590

Sheila Carter - Wikipedia <H1> Sheila Carter </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Sheila Carter </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Kimberlin Brown as Sheila Carter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Young and the Restless character </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kimberlin Brown ( 1990 -- ) </Li> <Li> Michelle Stafford ( 2006 -- 07 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1990 -- 98 </Li> <Li> 2002 -- 03 </Li> <Li> 2005 -- 07 </Li> <Li> 2017 -- </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> May 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> William J. Bell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Introduced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Edward J. Scott ( 1990 , 1992 -- 95 ) </Li> <Li> Lee Phillip Bell ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Bradley Bell ( 2002 -- 03 ) </Li> <Li> John F. Smith ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Lynn Marie Latham and Josh Griffith ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Bradley Bell and Michael Minnis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Crossover appearances </Th> <Td> The Bold and the Beautiful </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classification </Th> <Td> Present ; regular </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Profile </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> Sheila Grainger Sheila Forrester Sheila Warwick Sybil Weller Sheila Lovejoy Brenda Harris Jennifer Mitchell Phyllis Newman Betsy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Waitress Executive assistant Nurse </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Residence </Th> <Td> Los Angeles , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Michelle Stafford as Sheila Carter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( show ) Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Carter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mother </Th> <Td> Molly Carter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sisters </Th> <Td> Sarah Smythe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Husband </Th> <Td> Scott Grainger , Sr. ( 1991 -- 92 ) Eric Forrester ( 1993 -- 95 ) James Warwick ( 1997 -- 98 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sons </Th> <Td> Ryder Callahan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Daughters </Th> <Td> Mary Carter Warwick Diana Carter Daisy Carter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Granddaughters </Th> <Td> Lucy Romalotti </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Sheila Carter is a fictional character from The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful , American soap operas on the CBS network . Created by William J. Bell , the role was introduced in 1990 -- by Edward J. Scott -- under the portrayal of Kimberlin Brown , who portrayed the role for many intervals on both soaps until 2006 . That same year , Michelle Stafford took over the role , after Sheila had plastic surgery to look like Phyllis Summers . Brown returned to the role of Sheila on The Bold and the Beautiful , beginning on June 9 , 2017 . </P> <P> Sheila is known as a villain . A significant portion of Sheila 's history on both soaps revolves around her long - running conflict with Lauren Fenmore , whom she has attempted to kill on multiple occasions . She has also had conflicts with Stephanie Forrester , Maggie Forrester , Amber Moore , Taylor Hayes , Brooke Logan , Phyllis Summers and Quinn Fuller . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting and creation </Li> <Li> 2 Development </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines <Ul> <Li> 3.1 1990 -- 92 </Li> <Li> 3.2 1992 -- 98 </Li> <Li> 3.3 2002 -- 03 </Li> <Li> 3.4 2005 -- 07 </Li> <Li> 3.5 2010 , 2012 </Li> <Li> 3.6 2017 -- </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Casting and creation ( edit ) </H2> <P> The role was portrayed by Kimberlin Brown for a total of 16 years . Her first run was on The Young and the Restless from May 1990 to May 20 , 1992 , when the character crossed over to The Bold and the Beautiful from May 21 , 1992 , to October 2 , 1998 , again from May 24 to November 5 , 2002 , and again finally from September 26 to October 10 , 2003 . Despite being a regular cast member on The Bold and the Beautiful , Brown returned to The Young and the Restless for several guest appearances beginning on October 27 , 1992 . Brown departed on November 5 , 1992 , and reappeared for one episode on December 23 , 1992 . She continued making appearance from January 7 to 14 , 1993 , February 19 , 1993 , to March 2 , 1993 , October 11 , 1993 , October 19 to 27 , 1993 , January 12 , 1994 , and February 28 , 1995 , until March 2 , 1995 . </P> <P> In July 2005 , after a 10 - year absence from The Young and the Restless , it was announced that Brown was to reprise the role . At the time , Brown had been appearing on ABC 's One Life to Live as Paige Miller , and Brown reportedly opted to leave the role when ABC was unable to match the financial terms of a contract offered to her by CBS . She returned on August 5 , 2005 , and her run ended on January 11 , 2006 . However , that December , the character returned , though not portrayed by Brown , but by Michelle Stafford , who in addition portrayed Phyllis Summers . For the reason of Brown not returning to the role , the actress said : `` I had a bad accident last year , and when they wanted me back in November , I really could n't go at that time , and that 's why I came back looking like somebody else . '' Stafford only portrayed the role for two months until February 9 , 2007 , when Sheila was shot by her longtime enemy Lauren Fenmore and presumed dead . </P> <P> In 2009 , reports speculated that Brown would reprise the role again on The Bold and the Beautiful , which was followed by more rumors speculating a return to The Young and the Restless . `` I actually got a call from ( B&B head writer and executive producer ) Brad Bell a while back asking if I 'd be interested in coming back , and I said , ' Sure ! ' The thing with daytime is that the storylines are ( written ) so far in advance , you just never know when ( you might be needed ) , '' Brown said at the time . When asked where her alter - ego may be `` hiding out '' , Brown said : `` I am still getting healthy from my car accident . Right now , Sheila is hiding out in North Carolina -- playing golf . But do n't worry : Sheila always comes back ! '' </P> <P> In June 2017 , Kimberlin Brown reprised her role as Sheila on The Bold and the Beautiful . Executive producer Brad Bell announced Brown had been signed to a one - year deal with the serial . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> `` She seduced another woman 's husband and stole their child ... but if you think that 's bold , hold on tight ... because the hand that rocked The Young and the Restless is now rocking The Bold and the Beautiful . Sheila lives ... -- CBS promoting Kimberlin Brown 's crossover as Sheila <P> On the topic of Sheila and Lauren 's `` cat fights '' , Brown said : `` People like cat fights because we can get away with what you ca n't get away with in everyday life . You 're living vicariously through me . There might be someone that ( boy ) you just might want to put it to someday , and you ca n't , but you can turn on the TV and see Sheila do it , and get away with it . Being mean and evil and fighting and by the end of the day , you 're spent . '' On the topic of Sheila `` terrorizing '' both Genoa City and Los Angeles while on both soaps , Brown said : `` You know , I came to L.A. to start a new life . And well they just did n't make it that easy for me , did they ? So I might 've shot a gun once or twice again , but it was n't my fault . You know what , people get what they deserve , they really do . I might 've poisoned someone by accident , but he never should 've talked to me like that . You just do n't do that . Anyway , people get what they deserve , and I think a lot of them have what 's coming to them , and I 'm not sure I 'm done yet . '' About Sheila 's personality , Brown said : `` Sheila 's just evil . There 's nothing bitchy about what she does , ( I mean ) it 's very straightforward . She 's manipulative but never in a bitchy way , in a way to get things accomplished , and get things done the way she wants to . When being nice and being diplomatic and when being all those things do n't work any longer , she snaps . '' On Sheila 's relationship with Stephanie Forrester , Brown said : `` Stephanie made my life miserable . So anyway , I shot Stephanie . I did . Stephanie felt she could be a better provider for my child than I could . And you know what , you do n't keep a mother like Sheila away from her child , you just do n't do that . And Stephanie could n't stop me . '' Brown also added that , `` To be a good villain , you have to make the character real for you . '' </P> <H2> Storylines ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise . ( September 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> 1990 -- 92 ( edit ) </H3> <P> Sheila was introduced on The Young and the Restless in 1990 as she relocated to Genoa City from Michigan . Sheila was a nurse who worked at Genoa City Memorial Hospital and immediately fell in love with the married Dr. Scott Grainger . Her feelings for Scott quickly turned from infatuation to obsession . In order to steal him away from his wife Lauren Fenmore , Sheila drugged him and had sex with him , resulting in a pregnancy . At the same time Lauren also became pregnant by Scott but did n't tell him . When the truth about the father of Sheila 's baby came out , Scott felt obligated , so he thus divorced Lauren and married Sheila . </P> <P> Sheila 's baby died , unbeknownst to Scott , and she secretly switches Lauren 's newborn with a black market baby , which Lauren named Dylan . Sheila began passing Lauren 's baby off as her own , and Dylan eventually dies from meningitis . Sheila 's mother , Molly Carter , found out about her daughter 's crime and intended to tell Lauren the truth , but suffers a stroke that rendered her speechless . Sheila sent her mother to her farmhouse in Michigan before Molly could expose her . Lauren

The role of Sheila Carter on The Bold and the Beautiful is played by

Who plays sheila carter on the bold and the beautiful?

5753281635295092532

MacOS - Wikipedia <H1> MacOS </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the current Apple operating system for Mac computers . For pre-2001 versions , see Classic Mac OS . `` OSX '' and `` OS X '' redirect here . For other uses , see OSX ( disambiguation ) . <Table> macOS <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Screenshot of the macOS High Sierra desktop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer </Th> <Td> Apple , Inc . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written in </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> C++ </Li> <Li> Objective - C </Li> <Li> Swift </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OS family </Th> <Td> Macintosh , Unix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Working state </Th> <Td> Current </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source model </Th> <Td> Closed source ( with open source components ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Initial release </Th> <Td> March 24 , 2001 ; 17 years ago ( 2001 - 03 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latest release </Th> <Td> 10.13. 4 ( 17E202 ) ( April 24 , 2018 ; 2 days ago ( 2018 - 04 - 24 ) ) ( ± ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latest preview </Th> <Td> 10.13. 5 beta 2 ( 17B45c ) ( April 17 , 2018 ; 9 days ago ( 2018 - 04 - 17 ) ) ( ± ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Marketing target </Th> <Td> Personal computing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Available in </Th> <Td> 34 languages </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of languages As of macOS Sierra : Arabic , Catalan , Croatian , Chinese ( Simplified ) , Chinese ( Traditional ) , Czech , Danish , Dutch , English , Finnish , French , German , Greek , Hebrew , Hungarian , Indonesian , Italian , Japanese , Korean , Malay , Norwegian , Polish , Portuguese ( Brazil ) , Portuguese ( Portugal ) , Romanian , Russian , Slovak , Spanish ( Mexico ) , Spanish ( Spain ) , Swedish , Thai , Turkish , Ukrainian , Vietnamese </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Update method </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mac App Store ( 10.8 + ) </Li> <Li> Software Update ( 10.0 -- 10.7 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platforms </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> x86 - 64 ( 10.4. 7 - present ) </Li> <Li> IA - 32 ( 10.4. 4 -- 10.6. 8 ; discontinued ) </Li> <Li> PowerPC ( 10.0 -- 10.5. 8 ; discontinued ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kernel type </Th> <Td> Hybrid ( XNU ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Default user interface </Th> <Td> Graphical ( Aqua ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> License </Th> <Td> Commercial software , proprietary software </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Classic Mac OS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Official website </Th> <Td> www.apple.com/macos </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Support status </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Supported </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> macOS ( / ˌmækoʊˈɛs / ; previously Mac OS X , then OS X ) is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001 . It is the primary operating system for Apple 's Mac family of computers . Within the market of desktop , laptop and home computers , and by web usage , it is the second most widely used desktop OS , after Microsoft Windows . </P> <P> macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems . The first is colloquially called the `` classic '' Mac OS , which was introduced in 1984 , and the final release of which was Mac OS 9 in 1999 . The first desktop version , Mac OS X 10.0 , was released in March 2001 , with its first update , 10.1 , arriving later that year . After this , Apple began naming its releases after big cats , which lasted until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion . Since OS X 10.9 Mavericks , releases have been named after landmarks in California . Apple shortened the name to `` OS X '' in 2012 and then changed it to `` macOS '' in 2016 , adopting the nomenclature that it uses for their other operating systems , iOS , watchOS , and tvOS . The latest version is macOS High Sierra , which was publicly released in September 2017 . </P> <P> Between 1999 and 2009 , Apple sold a separate series of operating systems called Mac OS X Server . The initial version , Mac OS X Server 1.0 , was released in 1999 with a user interface similar to Mac OS 8.5 . After this , new versions were introduced concurrently with the desktop version of Mac OS X . Beginning with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion , the server functions were made available as a separate package on the Mac App Store . </P> <P> macOS is based on technologies developed between 1985 and 1997 at NeXT , a company that Apple co-founder Steve Jobs created after leaving the company . The `` X '' in Mac OS X and OS X is the Roman numeral for the number 10 and is pronounced as such . The X was a prominent part of the operating system 's brand identity and marketing in its early years , but gradually receded in prominence since the release of Snow Leopard in 2009 . UNIX 03 certification was achieved for the Intel version of Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard and all releases from Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard up to the current version also have UNIX 03 certification . macOS shares its Unix - based core , named Darwin , and many of its frameworks with iOS , tvOS and watchOS . A heavily modified version of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger was used for the first - generation Apple TV . </P> <P> Releases of Mac OS X from 1999 to 2005 can run only on the PowerPC - based Macs from that time period . After Apple announced that they were switching to Intel CPUs from 2006 onwards , a separate version of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger was made and distributed exclusively with early Intel - based Macs ; it included an emulator known as Rosetta , which allowed users to run most PowerPC applications on Intel - based Macs . Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard was the sole release to be built as a universal binary , meaning that the installer disc supported both Intel and PowerPC processors . Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard was the first release to be available exclusively for Intel - based Macs . In 2011 , Apple released Mac OS X 10.7 Lion , which no longer supported 32 - bit Intel processors and also did not include Rosetta . All versions of the system released since then run exclusively on 64 - bit Intel CPUs and do not support PowerPC applications . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> macOS </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Features ( show ) <Ul> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Transition to Intel processors </Li> <Li> Architecture </Li> <Li> Technologies </Li> <Li> List of applications </Li> <Li> List of games </Li> <Li> Components </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Versions ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Hera ( 1.0 ) </Li> <Li> Kodiak ( Public Beta ) </Li> <Li> Cheetah ( 10.0 ) </Li> <Li> Puma ( 10.1 ) </Li> <Li> Jaguar ( 10.2 ) </Li> <Li> Panther ( 10.3 ) </Li> <Li> Tiger ( 10.4 ) </Li> <Li> Leopard ( 10.5 ) </Li> <Li> Snow Leopard ( 10.6 ) </Li> <Li> Lion ( 10.7 ) </Li> <Li> Mountain Lion ( 10.8 ) </Li> <Li> Mavericks ( 10.9 ) </Li> <Li> Yosemite ( 10.10 ) </Li> <Li> El Capitan ( 10.11 ) </Li> <Li> Sierra ( 10.12 ) </Li> <Li> High Sierra ( 10.13 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Applications ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Automator </Li> <Li> Calculator </Li> <Li> Calendar </Li> <Li> Chess </Li> <Li> Contacts </Li> <Li> Dashboard </Li> <Li> Dictionary </Li> <Li> DVD Player </Li> <Li> FaceTime </Li> <Li> Finder </Li> <Li> Grapher </Li> <Li> iTunes ( version history ) </Li> <Li> Mac App Store </Li> <Li> Mail </Li> <Li> Messages </Li> <Li> Photo Booth </Li> <Li> Preview </Li> <Li> QuickTime </Li> <Li> Safari ( version history ) </Li> <Li> Stickies </Li> <Li> TextEdit </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Utilities ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Activity Monitor </Li> <Li> AirPort Utility </Li> <Li> Archive Utility </Li> <Li> Audio MIDI Setup </Li> <Li> Bluetooth File Exchange </Li> <Li> ColorSync </Li> <Li> Console </Li> <Li> Crash Reporter </Li> <Li> DigitalColor Meter </Li> <Li> Directory Utility </Li> <Li> DiskImageMounter </Li> <Li> Disk Utility </Li> <Li> Font Book </Li> <Li> Grab </Li> <Li> Help Viewer </Li> <Li> Image Capture </Li> <Li> Installer </Li> <Li> Keychain Access </Li> <Li> Migration Assistant </Li> <Li> Network Utility </Li> <Li> ODBC Administrator </Li> <Li> Remote Install Mac OS X </Li> <Li> Screen Sharing </Li> <Li> System Preferences </Li> <Li> System Information </Li> <Li> Terminal </Li> <Li> Universal Access </Li> <Li> VoiceOver </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Related ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Classic Mac OS </Li> <Li> Copland </Li> <Li> NeXTSTEP </Li> <Li> Rhapsody </Li> <Li> Darwin </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Development </Li> <Li> 1.2 Mac OS X <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Launch of Mac OS X </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Following releases </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 OS X </Li> <Li> 1.4 macOS </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Architecture <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Software compatibility </Li> <Li> 2.2 Hardware compatibility </Li> <Li> 2.3 PowerPC -- Intel transition </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Features <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Aqua user interface </Li> <Li> 3.2 Components </Li> <Li> 3.3 Multilingual support </Li> <Li> 3.4 Updating methods </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release history <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Mac OS X Public Beta </Li> <Li> 4.2 Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah </Li> <Li> 4.3 Mac OS X 10.1 Puma </Li> <Li> 4.4 Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar </Li> <Li> 4.5 Mac OS X 10.3 Panther </Li> <Li> 4.6 Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger </Li> <Li> 4.7 Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard </Li> <Li> 4.8 Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard </Li> <Li> 4.9 Mac OS X 10.7 Lion </Li> <Li> 4.10 OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion </Li> <Li> 4.11 OS X 10.9 Mavericks </Li> <Li> 4.12 OS X 10.10 Yosemite </Li> <Li> 4.13 OS X 10.11 El Capitan </Li> <Li> 4.14 macOS 10.12 Sierra </Li> <Li> 4.15 macOS 10.13 High Sierra </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Usage share </Li> <Li> 5.2 Malware and spyware </Li> <Li> 5.3 Promotion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> <H3> Development </H3> Simplified history of Unix - like operating systems Main article : History of macOS <P> The heritage of what would become macOS had originated at NeXT , a company founded by Steve Jobs following his departure from Apple in 1985 . There , the Unix - like NeXTSTEP operating system was developed , and then launched in 1989 . The kernel of NeXTSTEP is based upon the Mach kernel , which was originally developed at Carnegie Mellon University , with additional kernel layers and low - level user space code derived from parts of BSD . Its graphical user interface was built on top of an object - oriented GUI toolkit using the Objective - C programming language . </P> <P> Throughout the early 1990s , Apple had tried to create a `` next - generation '' OS to succeed its classic Mac OS through the Taligent , Copland and Gershwin projects , but all of them were eventually abandoned . This led Apple to purchase NeXT in 1996 , allowing NeXTSTEP , then called OPENSTEP , to serve as the basis for Apple 's next generation operating system . This purchase also led to Steve Jobs returning to Apple as

The current Mac OS operating system is

What is the current mac os operating system?

2876182999155230775

United States two - dollar bill - wikipedia <H1> United States two - dollar bill </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Two dollars <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( United States ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Value </Th> <Td> $2.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Width </Th> <Td> 156 mm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Height </Th> <Td> 66.3 mm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weight </Th> <Td> Approx. 1 g </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Security features </Th> <Td> None </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Paper type </Th> <Td> 75 % cotton 25 % linen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years of printing </Th> <Td> 1862 -- 1966 , 1976 -- present ( Federal Reserve Note , current form ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Obverse </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design </Th> <Td> Thomas Jefferson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design date </Th> <Td> 1928 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Reverse </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design </Th> <Td> Trumbull 's Declaration of Independence </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design date </Th> <Td> 1976 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The United States two - dollar bill ( $2 ) is a current denomination of U.S. currency . The third U.S. President ( 1801 -- 09 ) , Thomas Jefferson , is featured on the obverse of the note . The reverse features an engraving of the painting The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull . Throughout the $2 bill 's pre-1929 life as a large - sized note , it was issued as a United States Note , National Bank Note , silver certificate , Treasury or `` Coin '' Note and Federal Reserve Bank Note . When U.S. currency was changed to its current size , the $2 bill was issued only as a United States Note . Production went on until 1966 , when the series was discontinued . Ten years passed before the $2 bill was reissued as a Federal Reserve Note with a new reverse design . Two - dollar bills are seldom seen in circulation as a result of banking policies with businesses which has resulted in low production numbers due to lack of demand . This comparative scarcity in circulation , coupled with a lack of public knowledge that the bill is still in production and circulation , has also inspired urban legends and occasionally has created problems for people trying to use the bill to make purchases . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Denomination overview </Li> <Li> 2 Rarity </Li> <Li> 3 History <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Large - sized notes </Li> <Li> 3.2 Small size notes <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 1928 -- 1966 </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 1976 -- present </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 Series dates <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Large size </Li> <Li> 3.3. 2 Small size </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Visual snapshot </Li> <Li> 5 Usage <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Lockheed U-2 </Li> <Li> 5.2 Incidents </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Uncut currency sheets </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Denomination overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> The denomination of two dollars was authorized under a congressional act , and first used in March 1862 . The denomination was continuously used until the 1960s ; by this time the United States Note was the only remaining class of U.S. currency the two - dollar bill was assigned to . In 1966 it was decided to discontinue all United States Notes from production , which included the two - dollar bill . The two - dollar bill initially was not reassigned to the Federal Reserve Note class of United States currency and was thus fully discontinued ; the Treasury Department cited the two - dollar bill 's low use and unpopularity as the reason for not immediately resuming use of the denomination . In 1976 production of the two - dollar denomination was resumed and the two - dollar bill was finally assigned as a Federal Reserve Note , with a new reverse design featuring John Trumbull 's depiction of the drafting of the United States Declaration of Independence replacing the previous design of Monticello . It has remained a current denomination since then . It was estimated that if the two - dollar bill replaced approximately half of the one - dollar bills in circulation , the federal government would be able to save about $26 million in 1976 dollars ( $112 million adjusted for inflation ) over the period from 1976 to 1981 , due to reduced production , storage , and shipping costs . </P> <P> However , due to their limited use , two - dollar bills are not printed as frequently in a new series like other denominations , which are produced according to demand . Though some cash registers accommodate the bill , its slot is often used for things like checks and rolls of coins . Some bill acceptors found in vending machines , self checkout lanes , and other automated kiosks are configured to accommodate two - dollar bills , even if the fact is not stated on the label . Although they are generally available at most banks , two - dollar bills are usually not handed out arbitrarily except upon specific request by the customer , and even then , may cause a delay with a trip to the vault . </P> <H2> Rarity ( edit ) </H2> <P> The seeming rarity of a $2 bill can be attributed to its low printing numbers as a Federal Reserve Note . Hoarding of the series due to lack of public knowledge of the $2 bill has resulted in very few bills seen in circulation . After its initial release , supplies of the Series 1976 two - dollar bill were allowed to dwindle until August 1996 when a new series dated 1995 began to be printed . This series was only printed for the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta . </P> <P> Today , there is a common misconception by the general public that the $2 bill is no longer being produced . According to the Treasury , it `` receives many letters asking why the $2 bill is no longer in circulation '' . In response , the Treasury stated : `` The $2 bill remains one of our circulating currency denominations ... As of April 30 , 2007 there were $1,549,052,714 worth of $2 bills in circulation worldwide . '' </P> <P> Things such as unusual serial numbers ( example : A11111111A ) , and replacement notes designated by a star in the serial number can raise the collector value . `` Collectible '' two - dollar bills have been made and sold by coin dealers and others in recent years merely by adding colors and special graphics to regular issue bills by using computer printers . However , these bills are not authorized by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing ( BEP ) and are not worth anything more than face value on the collectors ' market . </P> <P> Certain conventions and tourism / convention bureaus capitalize on the scarcity of $2 bills in circulation , encouraging convention attendees and tourists to spend $2 bills in order to illustrate to the host communities the economic impact that the conventions and tourism bring . Sometimes known as `` SpendTom '' campaigns , the $2 bills linger in the community as a constant reminder . Some campaigns encourage people to participate in a hunt for the bills in order to win prizes . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Large - sized notes ( edit ) </H3> First $2 bill issued in 1862 as a Legal Tender Note . Series 1886 $2 Silver Certificate depicting Winfield Scott Hancock Series 1890 featuring James McPherson . This `` Coin Note '' was used for government purchases of silver bullion from the mining industry . <P> ( approximately 7.4218 × 3.125 in ≅ 189 × 79 mm ) </P> <P> In March 1862 , the first $2 bill was issued as a Legal Tender Note ( United States Note ) with a portrait of Alexander Hamilton ; the portrait of Hamilton used was a profile view and is not the same portrait used currently for the $10 bill . The continental congress based on defending the United States , released on June 25 , 1776 , began to authorize $2 credit , the circulation of 49,000 copies . Pass two - dollar bill was first used in March 1862 . Between 1966 and 1976 , two - dollar notes were not printed . </P> <P> By 1869 , the $2 United States Note was redesigned with the now familiar portrait of Thomas Jefferson to the left and a vignette of the United States Capitol in the center of the obverse . This note also featured green tinting on the top and left side of the obverse . Although this note is technically a United States Note , TREASURY NOTE appeared on it instead of UNITED STATES NOTE . The reverse was completely redesigned . This series was again revised in 1874 , changes on the obverse included removing the green tinting , adding a red floral design around WASHINGTON D.C. , and changing the term TREASURY NOTE to UNITED STATES NOTE . The 1874 design was also issued as Series of 1875 and 1878 and by 1880 the red floral design around WASHINGTON D.C. on the United States Note was removed and the serial numbers were changed to blue . This note with the red floral design was also issued as Series of 1917 but with red serial numbers by that time . </P> <P> National Bank Notes were issued in 1875 and feature a woman unfurling a flag and a big 2 ( Lazy Duce ) on the obverse , the reverse has the king of England smoking tobacco and an eagle with a shield . </P> The second two - dollar denomination in the silver certificate series printed in 1891 . This note features United States Secretary of the Treasury William Windom . <P> In 1886 , the first $2 silver certificate with a portrait of United States Civil War General Winfield Scott Hancock on the left of the obverse was issued . This design went on until 1891 when a new $2 Silver Certificate was issued with a portrait of U.S. Treasury Secretary William Windom in the center of the obverse . </P> <P> Two - dollar Treasury , or `` Coin '' , Notes were first issued for government purchases of silver bullion in 1890 from the silver mining industry . The reverse featured large wording of TWO in the center and a numeral 2 to the right surrounded by an ornate design that occupied almost the entire note . In 1891 the reverse of the Series of 1890 Treasury Note was redesigned because the treasury felt that it was too `` busy '' which would make it too easy to counterfeit . More open space was incorporated into the new design . </P> <P> In 1896 , the `` Educational Series '' Silver Certificate was issued . The entire obverse of the note was covered in artwork with an allegorical figure of science presenting steam and electricity to commerce and manufacture . The reverse of the note featured portraits of Robert Fulton and Samuel F.B. Morse surrounded by an ornate design that occupied almost the entire note . By 1899 , however , The $2 Silver Certificate was redesigned with a small portrait of George Washington surrounded by allegorical figures representing agriculture and mechanics . </P> Robert Fulton and Samuel Morse depicted on the reverse of the 1896 $2 ' Educational Series '' Silver Certificate . The final design of the United States ' silver certificate series featuring George Washington , printed in 1899 . <P> The only large - sized , Federal Reserve Note - like $2 bill was issued in 1918 as a Federal Reserve Bank Note . Each note was an obligation of the issuing Federal Reserve Bank and could only be redeemed at the corresponding bank . The obverse of the note featured a borderless portrait of

Two-dollar bills were never stopped from being made and remain a

When were 2 dollar bills stopped being made?

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Economy of India - Wikipedia <H1> Economy of India </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Economy of India <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Mumbai , Maharashtra the financial center of India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Currency </Th> <Td> Indian rupee ( INR ) ₹ 1 = 100 Paise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fiscal year </Th> <Td> 1 April -- 31 March </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Trade organisations </Th> <Td> WTO , WCO , WFTU , G - 20 and others </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Statistics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GDP </Th> <Td> $2.848 trillion ( nominal ; 2018 est ) $10.385 trillion ( PPP ; 2018 est ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GDP rank </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 6th ( nominal ) </Li> <Li> 3rd ( PPP ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GDP growth </Th> <Td> 7.2 % ( Q3 , 2017 - 18 ) ( MOSPI ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GDP per capita </Th> <Td> $2,134 ( nominal ; 2018 est ) $7,783 ( PPP ; 2018 est ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GDP per capita rank </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 141st ( nominal ) </Li> <Li> 123rd ( PPP ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GDP by sector </Th> <Td> Agriculture : 17.32 % Industry : 29.02 % Services : 53.66 % ( 2016 est . ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inflation ( CPI ) </Th> <Td> 4.28 % ( March 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Base borrowing rate </Th> <Td> 6.25 % ( as on 16 Mar. 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Population below poverty line </Th> <Td> 21.2 % 58 % live less than $3.10 / day ( 2011 ; World bank estimate ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gini coefficient </Th> <Td> 33.9 ( 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Human Development Index </Th> <Td> 0.624 ( 2015 ) medium ( 131st ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labour force </Th> <Td> 520.2 million ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Labour force by occupation </Th> <Td> Agriculture : 47 % Industry : 22 % Services : 31 % ( FY 2014 est . ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Unemployment </Th> <Td> 8.8 % ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average net salary </Th> <Td> ₹ 82,269 / $1,284 annually ( 2016 - 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main industries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Textiles </Li> <Li> chemicals </Li> <Li> food processing </Li> <Li> steel </Li> <Li> cement </Li> <Li> mining </Li> <Li> petroleum </Li> <Li> machinery </Li> <Li> software </Li> <Li> pharmaceuticals </Li> <Li> transportation equipment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ease - of - doing - business rank </Th> <Td> 100 ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Exports </Th> <Td> $275.8 billion ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Export goods </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Agricultural products 13.2 % </Li> <Li> Fuels and mining products 15.7 % </Li> <Li> Manufacturers 68.4 % </Li> <Li> Others 2.7 % </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main export partners </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> European Union 17.6 % </Li> <Li> United States 16.1 % </Li> <Li> United Arab Emirates 11.5 % </Li> <Li> Hong Kong 5.1 % </Li> <Li> China 3.4 % </Li> <Li> Other 46.3 % </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Imports </Th> <Td> $384.3 billion ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Import goods </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Agricultural products 7.1 % </Li> <Li> Fuels and mining products 33.1 % </Li> <Li> Manufacturers 47.8 % </Li> <Li> Other 12 % </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main import partners </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> China 17 % </Li> <Li> European Union 11.3 % </Li> <Li> United States 5.7 % </Li> <Li> United Arab Emirates 5.4 % </Li> <Li> Saudi Arabia 5.2 % </Li> <Li> Other 55.5 % </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FDI stock </Th> <Td> Inward : $318.50 billion Outward : $144.13 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current account </Th> <Td> 0.7 % of GDP ( 2016 -- 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gross external debt </Th> <Td> $471.9 billion ( 31 March 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Net international investment position </Th> <Td> - $404.8 billion ( Sept. 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Public finances </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Public debt </Th> <Td> 67.7 % of GDP ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Revenues </Th> <Td> ₹ 35.41 trillion ( US $540 billion ) ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Expenses </Th> <Td> ₹ 46.25 trillion ( US $710 billion ) ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Economic aid </Th> <Td> $2.68 billion ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Credit rating </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Standard & Poor 's : BBB − ( Domestic ) BBB − ( Foreign ) BBB+ ( T&C Assessment ) Outlook : Stable </Li> <Li> Moody 's : Baa2 Outlook : Stable </Li> <Li> Fitch : BBB − Outlook : Stable </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Foreign reserves </Th> <Td> $426.082 billion ( 13 April 2018 ) ( 8th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Main data source : CIA World Fact Book All values , unless otherwise stated , are in US dollars . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The economy of India is a developing mixed economy . It is the world 's sixth - largest economy by nominal GDP and the third - largest by purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP ( nominal ) with $2,134 and 123rd in per capita GDP ( PPP ) with $7,783 as of 2018 . After 1991 economic liberalisation , India achieved 6 - 7 % average GDP growth annually . In FY 2015 and 2018 India 's economy became the world 's fastest growing major economy , surpassing China . </P> <P> The long - term growth prospective of the Indian economy is positive due to its young population , corresponding low dependency ratio , healthy savings and investment rates , and increasing integration into the global economy . India topped the World Bank 's growth outlook for the first time in fiscal year 2015 -- 16 , during which the economy grew 7.6 % . Despite previous reforms , economic growth is still significantly slowed by bureaucracy , poor infrastructure , and inflexible labor laws ( especially the inability to lay off workers in a business slowdown ) . </P> <P> India has one of the fastest growing service sectors in the world with an annual growth rate above 9 % since 2001 , which contributed to 57 % of GDP in 2012 -- 13 . India has become a major exporter of IT services , Business Process Outsourcing ( BPO ) services , and software services with $154 billion revenue in FY 2017 . This is the fastest - growing part of the economy . The IT industry continues to be the largest private - sector employer in India . India is the third - largest start - up hub in the world with over 3,100 technology start - ups in 2014 -- 15 The agricultural sector is the largest employer in India 's economy but contributes to a declining share of its GDP ( 17 % in 2013 -- 14 ) . India ranks second worldwide in farm output . The industry ( manufacturing ) sector has held a steady share of its economic contribution ( 26 % of GDP in 2013 -- 14 ) . The Indian automobile industry is one of the largest in the world with an annual production of 21.48 million vehicles ( mostly two and three - wheelers ) in 2013 -- 14 . India had $600 billion worth of retail market in 2015 and one of world 's fastest growing e-commerce markets . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Ancient and medieval eras </Li> <Li> 1.2 Mughal era ( 1526 -- 1793 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 British era ( 1793 -- 1947 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 Pre-liberalisation period ( 1947 -- 1991 ) </Li> <Li> 1.5 Post-liberalisation period ( since 1991 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Sectors </Li> <Li> 3 Agriculture </Li> <Li> 4 Industry <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Petroleum products and chemicals </Li> <Li> 4.2 Pharmaceuticals </Li> <Li> 4.3 Engineering </Li> <Li> 4.4 Gems and jewellery </Li> <Li> 4.5 Textile </Li> <Li> 4.6 Mining </Li> <Li> 4.7 Iron and steel </Li> <Li> 4.8 Defence </Li> <Li> 4.9 Pulp and paper </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Services <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Aviation </Li> <Li> 5.2 Banking and financial services </Li> <Li> 5.3 Financial technology </Li> <Li> 5.4 Information technology </Li> <Li> 5.5 Insurance </Li> <Li> 5.6 Electricity sector </Li> <Li> 5.7 Infrastructure </Li> <Li> 5.8 Retail </Li> <Li> 5.9 Tourism </Li> <Li> 5.10 Construction </Li> <Li> 5.11 Education </Li> <Li> 5.12 Entertainment industry </Li> <Li> 5.13 Healthcare </Li> <Li> 5.14 Logistics </Li> <Li> 5.15 Printing </Li> <Li> 5.16 Telecommunications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Foreign trade and investment <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Foreign trade </Li> <Li> 6.2 Balance of payments </Li> <Li> 6.3 Foreign direct investment <Ul> <Li> 6.3. 1 Outflows </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.4 Remittances </Li> <Li> 6.5 Mergers and Acquisitions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Currency </Li> <Li> 8 Income and consumption <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Poverty </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Employment </Li> <Li> 10 Economic trends and issues <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Agriculture </Li> <Li> 10.2 Corruption </Li> <Li> 10.3 Education </Li> <Li> 10.4 Economic disparities </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Security markets </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 Further reading </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> Main articles : Economic history of India and Timeline of the economy of the Indian subcontinent <P> The combination of protectionist , import - substitution , Fabian socialism , and social democratic - inspired policies governed India for sometime after the end of British rule . The economy was then characterised by extensive regulation , protectionism , public ownership of large monopolies , pervasive corruption and slow growth . Since 1991 , continuing economic liberalisation has moved the country towards a market - based economy . By 2008 , India had established itself as one of the world 's faster - growing economies . </P> <H3> Ancient and medieval eras </H3> <P> The citizens of the Indus Valley Civilisation , a permanent settlement that flourished between 2800 BC and 1800 BC , practised agriculture , domesticated animals , used uniform weights and measures , made tools and weapons , and traded with other cities . Evidence of well - planned streets , a drainage system and water supply reveals their knowledge of urban planning , which included the first - known urban sanitation systems and the existence of a form of municipal government . </P> The spice trade between India and Europe was the main catalyst for the Age of Discovery . <P> For a continuous duration of nearly 1700 years from the year 1 AD , India is the top most economy constituting 35 to 40 % of world GDP . </P> <P> Maritime trade was carried out extensively between South India and Southeast and West Asia from early times until around the fourteenth century AD . Both the Malabar and Coromandel Coasts were the sites of important trading centres from as early as the first century BC , used for import and export as well as transit points between the Mediterranean region and southeast Asia . Over time , traders organised themselves into associations which received state patronage . Historians Tapan Raychaudhuri and Irfan Habib claim this state patronage for overseas trade came to an end by the thirteenth century AD , when it was largely taken over by the local Parsi , Jewish , Syrian Christian and Muslim communities , initially on the Malabar and subsequently on the Coromandel coast . </P> Atashgah is a temple built by Indian traders before 1745 , west of the Caspian Sea . The inscription shown is in Sanskrit ( above ) and Persian . <P> Other scholars suggest trading from India to West Asia and Eastern Europe was active between the 14th and 18th centuries .

The share of agriculture in the Indian economy is

What is the share of agriculture in indian economy?

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It Ai n't Me - wikipedia <H1> It Ai n't Me </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Kygo and Selena Gomez song . For the Bob Dylan song , see It Ai n't Me , Babe . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` It Ai n't Me '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Kygo and Selena Gomez </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the EP Stargazing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 17 February 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Digital download </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dance - pop </Li> <Li> electropop </Li> <Li> tropical house </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Interscope </Li> <Li> Sony </Li> <Li> Ultra </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kyrre Gørvell - Dahll </Li> <Li> Selena Gomez </Li> <Li> Andrew Wotman </Li> <Li> Brian Lee </Li> <Li> Ali Tamposi </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kygo </Li> <Li> Andrew Watt </Li> <Li> Ben Rice </Li> <Li> Louis Bell </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kygo singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Carry Me '' ( 2016 ) </Td> <Td> `` It Ai n't Me '' ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> `` First Time '' ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Selena Gomez singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Trust Nobody '' ( 2016 ) Trust Nobody 2016 </Td> <Td> `` It Ai n't Me '' ( 2017 ) It Ai n't Me2017 </Td> <Td> `` Bad Liar '' ( 2017 ) Bad Liar 2017 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` It Ai n't Me '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` It Ai n't Me '' is a song by Norwegian DJ Kygo and American singer Selena Gomez . It was released by Interscope Records , Sony and Ultra on 17 February 2017 as the lead single from Kygo 's first EP , Stargazing . The song was written by Kygo , Gomez , Andrew Watt , Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi . It was produced by Kygo , Watt , Ben Rice and Louis Bell . A dance - pop , electropop and tropical house song , `` It Ai n't Me '' comprises an acoustic guitar line , and a build - drop arrangement in its chorus featuring pulsing piano notes , bass , synthesizers , finger - snap claps and pan flute melodies . Gomez sings the track in a husky tone , while in the chorus her vocals are reduced to recurring syllables . The lyrics are nostalgic and narrate a past relationship ruined by alcoholism and partying too often . </P> <P> In addition to reaching number one in Croatia , Lebanon , and Norway , the song attained a top five peak in Australia , Austria , Belgium , Canada , the Czech Republic , Denmark , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Hungary , Ireland , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Poland , Portugal , Slovakia , Sweden and Switzerland . It also reached the top 10 in Italy , Spain , the United Kingdom and the United States . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Writing and recording </Li> <Li> 2 Music and lyrics </Li> <Li> 3 Release </Li> <Li> 4 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 5 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 6 Music video </Li> <Li> 7 Usage in media </Li> <Li> 8 Track listing </Li> <Li> 9 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 10 Charts <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 10.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Certifications </Li> <Li> 12 Release history </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Writing and Recording ( edit ) </H2> <P> The lyrics of `` It Ai n't Me '' were written by Andrew Watt , Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi . With Watt previously working with Kygo , the DJ 's manager Myles Shear contacted Watt for a session with Kygo which Watt also facilitated for Lee and Tamposi . During their session for `` It Ai n't Me '' , they initially found the track very poor , but were trying to salvage it . Kygo and Shear suggested that they continue working on the song . After Kygo and Shear had left , Tamposi told Watt and Lee to play guitar and `` Fleetwood Mac it '' , spawning a 45 - minute jam session as well as the demo of `` It Ai n't Me '' , a simple acoustic guitar recording with Tamposi on vocals . </P> <P> Watt , Lee and Tamposi then asked Kygo to return to their studio to hear `` It Ai n't Me '' for a second time . Tamposi recalled , `` When they pushed the space bar to play the song , ( Kygo ) went from this very sweet , polite , charming young man to this super-human producer guy . I was watching his eyes go back , left and right , just mapping out how he envisioned the production of the song . He was extremely excited '' . Lee and Tamposi then left for Kygo and Watt to work on the production where they followed the melodies and message of the demo . According to Tamposi , the producers brought the song to life . </P> <P> The three songwriters would usually spend several months pitching their songs to different singers , but with `` It Ai n't Me '' Gomez heard it about a month afterward and recorded it a few days later . Tamposi was called back for the vocal sessions with Gomez where they shared a similar emotional vision for `` It Ai n't Me '' , basing it on their own personal experiences . Recalling the sessions , Tamposi said she was impressed with Gomez 's involvement and the ideas she came up with for the song . </P> <H2> Music and lyrics ( edit ) </H2> <P> A dance - pop , electropop and tropical house song , `` It Ai n't Me '' is composed in the key of C Major and is set in the time signature of alla breve at a tempo of 100 beats per minute . Gomez 's vocal range spawns from the low note G to the high note E , while the music follows the chord progression of Am -- C -- F -- C -- F -- C -- G. While the piano later in the song plays in a Chord Progression of : Am -- C -- G -- F -- Am -- C -- G . The song carries a calm tone and a drop common in tropical house music , but is complimented by an equal measure of electronic and pop rock elements . The track starts with a folk - like acoustic guitar riff . It is followed immediately by Gomez singing the first verse in a husky tone . As the song develops , a steady bass and synthesizers are heard . The production is subtle and varied with finger snaps sometimes being louder than the kick drum , and the guitar riff and piano notes alternating in and out . In the chorus , Gomez is accompanied by background vocals that pertain to the sound of a choir . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` It Ai n't Me '' A 21 - second sound sample from `` It Ai n't Me '' featuring the chorus to the start of the drop which Gomez sings accompanied by backing vocals , piano notes , a guitar riff , and vocal effects . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The chorus has a new melodic arrangement and a crescendo . It is ensued by chord - buoyed builds and drops comprising finger snaps and pan flute melodies . The same synthesizers from the verses are repeated with a piano in the background . Gomez 's vocals in the drop are reduced to syllables from her verses such as a recurring `` whiskey neat '' and are accompanied by percussion instruments . `` It Ai n't Me '' is a breakup song with a theme of nostalgia . The lyrics are about standing up for yourself in the face of a toxic relationship . Gomez narrates the regret of a previous relationship ruined by her former lover 's habits of drinking and partying too often . The lyrics specifically address alcohol abuse , a type of alcoholism . Tamposi explained that `` It Ai n't Me '' is about a woman finding the strength to walk away from a toxic relationship despite the pressure she receives from society to stand by her man . Although the lyrics are sombre , the song has a distinctly uplifting and empowering sound . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> In early February 2017 , `` It Ai n't Me '' was registered on the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) database . Gomez first teased the single with two Instagram stories on 3 February 2017 . The first teaser showed a half - profile of the singer with a black `` X '' over her mouth as a 10 - second snippet plays with the lyrics , `` I had a dream / we were back to 17 / summer nights and liberties / never growing up , '' while the second teaser was a snippet of the song 's beat . Gomez later revealed the single 's cover art and release date on Instagram on 13 February 2017 , and shared three teasers of the song on Snapchat the following day . `` It Ai n't Me '' was released for digital download by Interscope , Sony and Ultra Music on 17 February 2017 as the first single from Kygo 's upcoming second studio album . Interscope was the primary label since it is Gomez 's label . A remix of the song featuring actor Vin Diesel was released on Facebook on 18 February 2017 . `` It Ai n't Me '' was sent to contemporary hit radio in the US on 28 February 2017 . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` It Ai n't Me '' received positive reviews from music critics . Matt Medved of Billboard magazine regarded it as one of Gomez 's most mature - sounding releases and appreciated Kygo 's usage of her vocals , adding that the song showed both collaborators ' `` best sides '' . Similarly , Alexia Hernandez of Entertainment Weekly deemed it `` perhaps her most mature tune to date '' . In The New York Times , Jon Pareles described the track as a `` righteous kiss - off '' , complimenting the subtle and varied production . Pedro Pincay of Vibe magazine said Kygo and Gomez `` cooked up something special '' . Kat Bein of Billboard magazine placed `` It Ai n't Me '' at number one in her list of ten best Kygo songs , writing that Gomez 's `` powerful and strong '' vocals took `` Kygo 's collaborative vocal game to a whole new level '' and the chorus arrangement brought `` a certain edginess new to Kygo 's catalogue '' , concluding that the song showed growth and `` maybe heralds a new era of Kygo 's sound '' . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the US , `` It Ai n't Me '' debuted at number 93 on the Billboard Hot 100 , selling 19,000 copies and accumulating 1.7 million streams in its first day . Following its first full week of tracking

The song "It Ain't Me" is sung by Kygo and

Who sings the song it ain't me?

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2017 -- 18 NBA season - wikipedia <H1> 2017 -- 18 NBA season </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2017 -- 18 NBA season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> League </Th> <Td> National Basketball Association </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sport </Th> <Td> Basketball </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> October 17 , 2017 -- April 11 , 2018 April 14 -- May 28 , 2018 ( Playoffs ) May 31 -- June 17 , 2018 ( Finals ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of games </Th> <Td> 82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of teams </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TV partner ( s ) </Th> <Td> ABC , TNT , ESPN , NBA TV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Draft </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Top draft pick </Th> <Td> Markelle Fultz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picked by </Th> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Regular season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Top seed </Th> <Td> Houston Rockets </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Top scorer </Th> <Td> James Harden ( Houston ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Playoffs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Finals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> NBA seasons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2017 -- 18 NBA season is the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The regular season began on October 17 , 2017 , earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of `` back - to - back '' games teams are scheduled to play , with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion ( and Finals runner -- up ) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland , Ohio Christmas games were played on December 25 , 2017 . The 2018 NBA All - Star Game was played on February 18 , 2018 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California . LeBron James of the Cleveland Cavaliers was named the All - Star Game Most Valuable Player . The regular season ended on April 11 , 2018 and the playoffs began on April 14 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Transactions <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Retirement </Li> <Li> 1.2 In - season trades </Li> <Li> 1.3 Free agency </Li> <Li> 1.4 Coaching changes <Ul> <Li> 1.4. 1 Off - season </Li> <Li> 1.4. 2 In - season </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Preseason <Ul> <Li> 2.1 International games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Regular season <Ul> <Li> 3.1 By conference <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Tiebreakers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 International games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Playoffs <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Bracket </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Statistics <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Individual statistic leaders </Li> <Li> 5.2 Individual game highs </Li> <Li> 5.3 Team statistic leaders </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Awards <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Players of the Week </Li> <Li> 6.2 Players of the Month </Li> <Li> 6.3 Rookies of the Month </Li> <Li> 6.4 Coaches of the Month </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Arenas </Li> <Li> 8 Media </Li> <Li> 9 Uniforms <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Uniform sponsorships </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Notable occurrences </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Transactions ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of 2017 -- 18 NBA season transactions <H3> Retirement ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> On July 17 , 2017 , Paul Pierce signed a ceremonial contract with the Boston Celtics and officially retired as a Celtic after playing 19 seasons and winning one championship with the Celtics in 2008 . </Li> <Li> On July 19 , 2017 , James Jones was announced to be the vice president of basketball operations for the Phoenix Suns , which signified his retirement after playing 14 seasons and winning two championships with the Miami Heat in 2012 and 2013 and one championship with the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2016 . </Li> <Li> On August 4 , 2017 , Jason Maxiell signed a ceremonial contract with the Detroit Pistons and officially retired after playing 10 seasons . </Li> <Li> On August 15 , 2017 , Tayshaun Prince was announced to be assistant general manager for the Memphis Grizzlies , which signified his retirement after playing 15 seasons and winning one championship with the Detroit Pistons in 2004 . </Li> <Li> On September 2 , 2017 , Primož Brezec announced his retirement after 21 professional seasons . Brezec had played in Russia , Cyprus , Kuwait , and his native country Slovenia since last playing in the NBA during the 2009 -- 10 NBA season . </Li> <Li> On October 23 , 2017 , Metta World Peace was hired as player development coach for the South Bay Lakers , the Los Angeles Lakers ' NBA G League affiliate , thus ending his 18 - year playing career with the NBA . During his career , he won one championship with the LA Lakers in 2010 . </Li> <Li> On November 19 , 2017 , David Lee announced his retirement from the NBA via Instagram. Lee won an NBA championship with the Golden State Warriors back in 2015 . </Li> <Li> On December 11 , 2017 , Matt Barnes announced his retirement from the NBA via Instagram . Barnes won an NBA championship with the Golden State Warriors in June 2017 . </Li> <Li> On February 8 , 2018 , Caron Butler announced his retirement after 14 professional seasons . Butler won an NBA championship with the Dallas Mavericks in 2011 . </Li> <Li> On February 19 , 2018 , Tiago Splitter announced his retirement from basketball due to a hip injury . Splitter won an NBA championship with the San Antonio Spurs in 2014 . </Li> </Ul> <H3> In - season trades ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> On November 17 , 2017 , the Phoenix Suns traded Eric Bledsoe to the Milwaukee Bucks for Greg Monroe and two 2018 first - round draft picks . </Li> <Li> On December 7 , 2017 , the Philadelphia 76ers traded Jahlil Okafor , Nik Stauskas , and a 2019 second - round draft pick to the Brooklyn Nets for veteran forward Trevor Booker . </Li> <Li> On January 30 , 2018 , the Los Angeles Clippers traded 5 time All - Star Blake Griffin , veteran center Willie Reed , and sophomore forward Brice Johnson to the Detroit Pistons for Tobias Harris , Avery Bradley , Boban Marjanović , a protected 2018 first - round draft pick , and a protected 2019 second - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> On February 3 , 2018 , the Chicago Bulls traded forward Nikola Mirotić to the New Orleans Pelicans in exchange of Ömer Aşık , Tony Allen , Jameer Nelson , and a protected 2018 first - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> On February 5 , 2018 , the Milwaukee Bucks acquired Tyler Zeller of the Brooklyn Nets for fellow guard Rashad Vaughn and a protected 2018 second - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> On February 7 , 2018 , the New York Knicks traded forward Willy Hernangómez to the Charlotte Hornets for center Johnny O'Bryant III , a 2020 second - round draft pick , and a 2021 second - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> On February 8 , 2018 , the Cleveland Cavaliers traded Isaiah Thomas , Channing Frye , and their 2018 first - round pick to the Los Angeles Lakers for Jordan Clarkson and Larry Nance Jr ... The Cavaliers also participated in a three - team trade with the Utah Jazz and Sacramento Kings to acquire Rodney Hood and George Hill while trading Iman Shumpert and a 2020 second - round pick to the Kings , Jae Crowder and Derrick Rose to the Jazz while the Kings also receive Joe Johnson from the Jazz . In addition , the Cavaliers traded Dwyane Wade back to the Miami Heat for a 2024 second - round pick . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Free agency ( edit ) </H3> <P> Free agency negotiations began on July 1 . Players began signing on July 6 , after the July moratorium ended . </P> <H3> Coaching changes ( edit ) </H3> <Table> Coaching changes <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> In - season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Outgoing coach </Th> <Th> Incoming coach </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phoenix Suns </Td> <Td> Earl Watson </Td> <Td> Jay Triano ( interim ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Memphis Grizzlies </Td> <Td> David Fizdale </Td> <Td> J.B. Bickerstaff ( interim ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks </Td> <Td> Jason Kidd </Td> <Td> Joe Prunty ( interim ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Off - season ( edit ) <P> For the first time since the inauguration of the BAA , there would be no coaching changes going from the previous season to entering the regular season . In fact , the 536 days from Dave Joerger being fired as coach of the Memphis Grizzlies to the day the Phoenix Suns fired Earl Watson as head coach would be the longest period in NBA history without any coaching changes occur . The last time no head coaches were hired in the off - season occurred during the 1975 -- 76 season . </P> In - season ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> On October 22 , 2017 , the Phoenix Suns fired head coach Earl Watson and replaced him with the team 's associate coach Jay Triano as interim head coach for the rest of the season . </Li> <Li> On November 27 , 2017 , the Memphis Grizzlies fired head coach David Fizdale and replaced him with the team 's associate head coach J.B. Bickerstaff . </Li> <Li> On January 22 , 2018 , the Milwaukee Bucks fired head coach Jason Kidd and replaced him with the team 's assistant head coach Joe Prunty as interim head coach for the rest of the season . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Preseason ( edit ) </H2> <P> The preseason began on September 30 and ended on October 13 . </P> <H3> International games ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Golden State Warriors and Minnesota Timberwolves played two preseason games in China , at Shenzhen on October 5 and Shanghai on October 8 . Minnesota won the first game 111 -- 97 , while Golden State emerged victorious in the second one , 142 -- 110 . </P> <H2> Regular season ( edit ) </H2> <P> The regular season began on October 17 , 2017 and ended on April 11 , 2018 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Eastern Conference </Dt> </Dl> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Atlantic Division </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> PCT </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> <Th> Div </Th> <Th> GP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> c -- Toronto Raptors </Td> <Td> 59 </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> . 720 </Td> <Td> 0.0 </Td> <Td> 34 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 25 -- 16 </Td> <Td> 12 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> x -- Boston Celtics </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> . 671 </Td> <Td> 4.0 </Td> <Td> 27 -- 14 </Td> <Td> 28 -- 13 </Td> <Td> 12 -- 4 </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> x -- Philadelphia 76ers </Td> <Td> 52 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> . 634 </Td> <Td> 7.0 </Td> <Td> 30 -- 11 </Td> <Td> 22 -- 19 </Td> <Td> 9 -- 7 </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York Knicks </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> . 354 </Td> <Td> 30.0 </Td> <Td> 19 -- 22 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 31 </Td> <Td> 6 -- 10 </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brooklyn Nets </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> . 341 </Td> <Td> 31.0 </Td> <Td> 15 -- 26 </Td> <Td> 13 -- 28 </Td> <Td> 1 -- 15 </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Central Division </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> PCT </Th> <Th> GB </Th> <Th> Home </Th> <Th> Road </Th> <Th> Div </Th> <Th> GP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> y --

The NBA season ends on

When does the nba season end this year?

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U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by State - wikipedia <H1> U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by State </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Minimum legal drinking age as of 1969 ( two years before the 26th Amendment was passed ) : Minimum age is 21 Minimum age is 20 Minimum age is 19 and 21 Minimum age is 19 Minimum age is 18 and 21 Minimum age is 18 Minimum legal drinking age as of 1975 ( when almost all states had their lowest age limit ) : Minimum age is 21 Minimum age is 20 Minimum age is 19 and 21 ; see below Minimum age is 19 Minimum age is 18 and 21 ; see below Minimum age is 18 Detail on dual age limits Both age limits apply for following states : Washington , D.C. : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . Illinois : The legal drinking age is 19 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . Kansas : The legal drinking age is 18 for 3.2 % ABW beer , and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2 % ABW , wine and liquor . Maryland : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . North Carolina : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . Oklahoma : The legal drinking age is 18 for 3.2 % ABW beer , and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2 % ABW , wine and liquor . South Carolina : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . South Dakota : The legal drinking age is 18 for 3.2 % ABW beer , and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2 % ABW , wine and liquor . Virginia : The legal drinking age is 18 for beer and wine , and 21 for liquor . Minimum legal drinking age as of 1983 ( one year before the Drinking Age Act of 1984 was passed ) : Minimum age is 21 Minimum age is 20 Minimum age is 19 and 21 Minimum age is 19 Minimum age is 18 and 21 Minimum age is 18 <P> The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time . The history is given in the table below . Unless otherwise noted , if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages , the age listed below is set at the lowest age given ( e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits , as was the case in several states , the age in the table will read as `` 18 '' , not `` 21 '' ) . In addition , the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages , although they have often been the same . </P> <P> As one can see in the table below , there has been much volatility in the states ' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 . Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December , most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time . Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s . From 1969 to 1976 , some 30 states lowered their purchase ages , generally to 18 . This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment . A lot of states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response , most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973 . Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them . </P> <P> From 1976 to 1983 , several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 ( or , less commonly , 20 or 21 ) , in part to combat drunk driving fatalities . In 1984 , Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act , which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10 % of their federal highway funds . By mid-1988 , all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 ( but not Puerto Rico , Guam , or the Virgin Islands , see Additional Notes below ) . South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate . The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans , because of it being higher than the age of majority ( 18 in most states ) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries . The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment . Although debates have not been highly publicized , a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age , while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Th> Pre-Prohibition ( prior to 1919 ) </Th> <Th> Post-Prohibition ( after 1933 ) </Th> <Th> 1970s / 26th Amendment ( adopted in 1971 ) </Th> <Th> 1980s / Drinking Age Act of 1984 </Th> <Th> 21st century </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alabama </Th> <Td> Pre 1881 : None 1881 : 21 ( none with consent of parent ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1975 : Lowered to 19 </Td> <Td> 1986 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 ( no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28 - 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alaska </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1970 : Lowered to 19 </Td> <Td> 1984 : Raised to 21 with grandfather clause ( if born before January 1 , 1965 ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arizona </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 19 </Td> <Td> 1985 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arkansas </Th> <Td> Pre 1925 : None 1925 : 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> California </Th> <Td> Pre 1891 : Regulated by municipality / county ( common age was 16 ) 1891 : 18 ( statewide ) </Td> <Td> 1933 : 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 ( except small amounts for religious ceremonies ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colorado </Th> <Td> None </Td> <Td> 1945 : 18 : for beer 21 : for wine and liquor </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Raised to 21 in 1987 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Connecticut </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 18 </Td> <Td> 1982 : Raised to 19 1983 : Raised to 20 1985 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 ( exemptions : ( 1 ) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30 - 90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person 's employment or business , ( 2 ) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician , or ( 3 ) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent , guardian or spouse of the minor , who has attained the age of twenty - one . Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person 's exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection ( a ) of section 52 - 571b . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Delaware </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 20 </Td> <Td> 1984 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> District of Columbia </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 18 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 1986 : Raised to 21 with grandfather clause . </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Florida </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 1980 : 19 </Td> <Td> 1985 : Raised to 21 with grandfather clause </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Georgia </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 18 </Td> <Td> 1984 : Raised to 19 1985 : Raised to 20 1986 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hawaii </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 18 </Td> <Td> 1986 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Idaho </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 20 : for beer 21 : for wine and liquor </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 19 ( all ) </Td> <Td> 1987 : Raised to 21 in 1987 ( Apr 11 ) with grandfather clause </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Illinois </Th> <Td> 1872 : Age of majority ( none with written consent of parent ) </Td> <Td> pre 1961 : Age of majority 1961 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 1973 : Lowered to 19 : for beer and wine 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 1980 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Indiana </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> Post-1934 : 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Iowa </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 1972 : Lowered to 19 in 1972 ( Jul 1 ) 1973 : Lowered to 18 in 1973 ( Jul 1 ) 1978 : Raised to 19 in 1978 ( Jul 1 ) </Td> <Td> 1986 : Raised to 21 in 1986 ( Jul 1 ) with grandfather clause . </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kansas </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 1949 : 18 : for beer and wine with less than 4 % ABV 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 18 : for beer and wine with less than 4 % ABV 21 : for beer and wine with 4 % ABV or more 21 : for liquor </Td> <Td> 1985 : Raised to 21 </Td> <Td> 21 ( However , anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kentucky </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> 1938 : 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Louisiana </Th> <Td> ? </Td> <Td> As of 1948 : 18 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> 1987 : Raised to 21 de jure in 1987 , but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole . 1995 : De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed . 1996 : In 1996 , briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision , raising to 21 three months later . Other exceptions still remain . </Td> <Td> 21 ( Exceptions to state law include : <P> For an established religious purpose ; When a person under twenty - one years of age is accompanied by a parent , spouse , or legal guardian twenty - one years of age or older ; For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication , or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician , pharmacist , dentist , nurse , hospital , or medical institution ; In a private residence , which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres , on which the dwelling is located , owned by the same person who owns the dwelling ; The sale , handling , transport , or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty - one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer , wholesaler , or

The drinking age was set to 21

When was the drinking age set to 21?

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to the Arabian Nights . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Metonymy </Td> <Td> Word or phrase in a figure of speech in which a noun is referenced by something closely associated with it , rather than explicitly by the noun itself . This is not to be confused with synecdoche , in which a part of the whole stands for the thing itself . </Td> <Td> Metonomy : The boxer threw in the towel . Synecdoche : She gave her hand in marriage . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Overstatement </Td> <Td> Exaggerating something , often for emphasis ( also known as hyperbole ) </Td> <Td> Sally 's pregnant belly most likely weighed as much as the scooter she used to ride before she got pregnant . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Onomatopoeia </Td> <Td> Word that sounds the same as , or similar to what the word means . </Td> <Td> `` Boom goes the dynamite . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oxymoron </Td> <Td> A term made of two words that deliberately or coincidentally imply each other 's opposite . </Td> <Td> `` terrible beauty '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paradox </Td> <Td> A phrase that describes an idea composed of concepts that conflict . </Td> <Td> `` It was the best of times , it was the worst of times . '' ( A Tale of Two Cities ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Parody </Td> <Td> Ridicule by overstated imitation , usually humorous . </Td> <Td> MAD Magazine </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pastiche </Td> <Td> Using forms and styles from another author , generally as an affectionate tribute . </Td> <Td> Such as the many stories featuring Sherlock Holmes not written by Arthur Conan Doyle , or much of the Cthulhu Mythos . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pathos </Td> <Td> Emotional appeal , one of the three modes of persuasion in rhetoric that the author uses to inspire pity or sorrow towards a character -- typically does not counterbalance the target character 's suffering with a positive outcome , as in Tragedy . </Td> <Td> In Romeo and Juliet , the two main characters each commit suicide at the sight of the supposedly dead lover , however the audience knows these actions to be rash and unnecessary . Therefore , Shakespeare makes for the emotional appeal for the unnecessary tragedy behind the young characters ' rash interpretations about love and life . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Polyptoton </Td> <Td> Words derived from the same root in a sentence . </Td> <Td> `` Not as a call to battle , though embattled we are . '' John F. Kennedy , Inaugural Address , January 20 , 1961 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Polysyndeton </Td> <Td> Polysyndeton is the use of several conjunctions in close succession , this provides a sense of exaggeration designed to wear down the audience . </Td> <Td> An example of this is in the first chapter of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens : `` A man who had been soaked in water , and smothered in mud , and lamed by stones , and cut by flints , and stung by nettles , and torn by briars ; who limped , and shivered , and glared and growled ; and whose teeth chattered in his head as he seized me by the chin '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Satire </Td> <Td> The use of humor , irony or exaggeration to criticize . </Td> <Td> An example is Network . One of the earliest examples is Gullivers Travels , written by Jonathan Swift . The television program South Park is another . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sensory detail </Td> <Td> sight , sound , taste , touch , smell . The same as imagery </Td> <Td> The boot was tough and sinewy between his hard - biting teeth . There was no flavor to speak of except for the blandness of all the dirt that the boot had soaked up over the years . The only thing the boot reminded him of was the smell of a wet - dog . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Understatement </Td> <Td> A diminishing or softening of a theme or effect . </Td> <Td> The broken ends of the long bone were sticking through the bleeding skin , but it was n't something that always killed a man . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Theme ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Definition </Th> <Th> Example </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Irony </Td> <Td> This discrepancy between expectation and reality occurs in three forms : situational irony , where a situation features a discrepancy between what is expected and what is actualized ; dramatic irony , where a character is unaware of pivotal information already revealed to the audience ( the discrepancy here lies in the two levels of awareness between the character and the audience ) ; and verbal irony , where one states one thing while meaning another . The difference between verbal irony and sarcasm is exquisitely subtle and often contested . The concept of irony is too often misunderstood in popular usage . Unfortunate circumstances and coincidences do not constitute irony ( nor do they qualify as being tragic ) . See the Usage controversy section under irony , and the term tragedy . </Td> <Td> A person hears a prophecy about himself . His endeavor to stop the prophecy from coming true , makes it come true . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Metaphor </Td> <Td> Evoking imagination by means of using figurative language . </Td> <Td> Her tears were a river flowing down her cheeks . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Thematic patterning </Td> <Td> Distributing recurrent thematic concepts and moralistic motifs among various incidents and frames of a story . In a skillfully crafted tale , thematic patterning may emphasize the unifying argument or salient idea disparate events and disparate frames have in common . </Td> <Td> Each of the chapters of Ulysses by James Joyce . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Character ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Type </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anthropomorphism </Td> <Td> Form of personification that applies human - like characteristics to animals and objects </Td> <Td> The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi or the Cheshire Cat of Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hamartia </Td> <Td> The character flaw of an initially rich and powerful hero that leads to his tragic downfall . This is also referred to as the tragic flaw . </Td> <Td> Oedipus kills his own father because he does n't understand his true parentage . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pathetic fallacy </Td> <Td> Reflecting a character 's ( usually the protagonist ) mood in the atmosphere or inanimate objects . Related to anthropomorphism and projection </Td> <Td> For example , the storm in William Shakespeare 's King Lear , which mirrors Lear 's mental deterioration . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Personification </Td> <Td> Using comparative metaphors and similes to give living characteristics to abstract concepts and non-human entities </Td> <Td> Taken from Act I , Scene II of Romeo and Juliet : `` When well - appareled April on the heel / Of limping winter treads . '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Orehovec , Barbara ( 2003 ) . Revisiting the Reading Workshop : A Complete Guide to Organizing and Managing an Effective Reading Workshop That Builds Independent , Strategic Readers ( illustrated ed . ) . Scholastic Inc. p. 89 . ISBN 0439444047 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Demchick , Harrison ( 2013 - 09 - 26 ) . `` Techniques and Tension in Breaking Bad '' . Huffington Post . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Literature Glossary - Defamiliarization '' . www.shmoop.com . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Allegory Examples '' . YourDictionary . Retrieved 2017 - 11 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fiske , Robert Hartwell ( 1 November 2011 ) . Robert Hartwell Fiske 's Dictionary of Unendurable English : A Compendium of Mistakes in Grammar , Usage , and Spelling with commentary on lexicographers and linguists . Scribner . p. 71 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4516 - 5134 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Abrams , Meyer Howard ; Harpham , Geoffrey Galt ( 2009 ) . A Glossary of Literary Terms . Cengage Learning . p. 24 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4130 - 3390 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ High School Analogies </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Graham Allen ( 2 June 2004 ) . Roland Barthes . Routledge . p. 29 . ISBN 1 - 134 - 50341 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Heath , Peter ( May 1994 ) , `` Reviewed work ( s ) : Story - Telling Techniques in the Arabian Nights by David Pinault '' , International Journal of Middle East Studies , Cambridge University Press , 26 ( 2 ) : 358 -- 360 , doi : 10.1017 / s0020743800060633 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Heath ( 1994 ) p. 360 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Personification - Examples and Definition of Personification '' . 2013 - 06 - 27 . Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 16 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Narrative </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Character </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Antagonist </Li> <Li> Antihero </Li> <Li> Archenemy </Li> <Li> Character arc </Li> <Li> Characterization </Li> <Li> Deuteragonist </Li> <Li> False protagonist </Li> <Li> Focal character </Li> <Li> Foil </Li> <Li> Protagonist </Li> <Li> Stock character </Li> <Li> Supporting character </Li> <Li> Tritagonist </Li> <Li> Narrator </Li> <Li> Tragic hero </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Plot </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Action </Li> <Li> Backstory </Li> <Li> Cliché </Li> <Li> Climax </Li> <Li> Cliffhanger </Li> <Li> Conflict </Li> <Li> Deus ex machina </Li> <Li> Dialogue </Li> <Li> Dramatic structure </Li> <Li> Exposition </Li> <Li> Eucatastrophe </Li> <Li> Foreshadowing </Li> <Li> Flashback </Li> <Li> Flashforward </Li> <Li> Frame story </Li> <Li> In medias res </Li> <Li> Pace </Li> <Li> Plot device </Li> <Li> Plot twist </Li> <Li> Poetic justice </Li> <Li> Reveal </Li> <Li> Self - fulfilling prophecy </Li> <Li> Subplot </Li> <Li> Trope </Li> <Li> Kishōtenketsu </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Setting </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Backstory </Li> <Li> Utopia </Li> <Li> Dystopia </Li> <Li> Alternate history </Li> <Li> Fictional location <Ul> <Li> city </Li> <Li> country </Li> <Li> universe </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Leitmotif </Li> <Li> Metaphor </Li> <Li> Moral </Li> <Li> Motif </Li> <Li> Irony </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Style </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Allegory </Li> <Li> Bathos </Li> <Li> Diction </Li> <Li> Figure of speech </Li> <Li> Imagery </Li> <Li> Narrative techniques </Li> <Li> Narration </Li> <Li> Stylistic device </Li> <Li> Suspension of disbelief </Li> <Li> Symbolism </Li> <Li> Tone </Li> <Li> Mode </Li> <Li> Mood </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Structure </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Linear narrative </Li> <Li> Nonlinear narrative <Ul> <Li> films </Li> <Li> television series </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Types of fiction with multiple endings </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Form </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Comics </Li> <Li> Epic </Li> <Li> Fable </Li> <Li> Fabliau </Li> <Li> Fairy tale </Li> <Li> Folktale </Li> <Li> Flash fiction </Li> <Li> Legend </Li> <Li> Novella </Li> <Li> Novel </Li> <Li> Parable </Li> <Li> Play </Li> <Li> Poem </Li> <Li> Screenplay </Li> <Li> Short story </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Action fiction </Li> <Li> Adventure </Li> <Li> Comic </Li> <Li> Crime </Li> <Li> Docufiction </Li> <Li> Epistolary </Li> <Li> Erotic </Li> <Li> Fiction </Li> <Li> Fantasy </Li> <Li> Gothic </Li> <Li> Historical </Li> <Li> Horror </Li> <Li> Magic realism </Li> <Li> Mystery </Li> <Li> Nautical </Li> <Li> Paranoid </Li> <Li> Philosophical </Li> <Li> Picaresque </Li> <Li> Political </Li> <Li> Psychological </Li> <Li> Romance </Li> <Li> Saga </Li> <Li> Satire </Li> <Li> Science </Li> <Li> Speculative </Li> <Li> Superhero </Li> <Li> Thriller </Li>

A writer develops a character through the method of

Method used by a writer to develop a character?

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Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- ladies ' singles - wikipedia <H1> Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- ladies ' singles </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ladies ' singles at the XXIII Olympic Winter Games </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> Gangneung Ice Arena Gangneung , South Korea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dates </Th> <Td> 21 -- 23 February </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Competitors </Th> <Td> 30 from 20 nations </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winning score </Th> <Td> 239.57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Medalists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> 01 ! </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Alina Zagitova </Td> <Td> Olympic Athletes from Russia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 02 ! </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Evgenia Medvedeva </Td> <Td> Olympic Athletes from Russia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 03 ! </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Kaetlyn Osmond </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← 2014 2022 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Qualification </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> men </Td> <Td> ladies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pairs </Th> <Td colspan="2"> mixed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ice dancing </Th> <Td colspan="2"> mixed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team event </Th> <Td colspan="2"> mixed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The ladies ' single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung , South Korea . The short program was held on 21 February , and the free skating was held on 23 February . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Records </Li> <Li> 2 Qualification </Li> <Li> 3 Schedule </Li> <Li> 4 Results <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Short program </Li> <Li> 4.2 Free skating </Li> <Li> 4.3 Overall </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Records ( edit ) </H2> See also : World and Olympic records set at the 2018 Winter Olympics <P> For a complete list of figure skating records , see list of highest scores in figure skating . </P> <P> The following new best scores were set during this competition : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Component </Th> <Th> Skaters </Th> <Th> Score </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Ref </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Short program </Td> <Td> Evgenia Medvedeva ( OAR ) </Td> <Td> 81.61 </Td> <Td> 21 February 2018 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alina Zagitova ( OAR ) </Td> <Td> 82.92 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Olympic Athletes from Russia set two subsequent world records in the short program on February 21 , with Evgenia Medvedeva scoring 81.61 and then Alina Zagitova scoring 82.92 ten minutes later . </P> <H2> Qualification ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics -- Qualification <P> A total of 30 skaters qualified to compete in the event , with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three . 24 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships and the remaining six were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy . Each country decided the entry of its teams , and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete . All athletes competing must have met the minimum total elements score , which does not include component scores . For the short program this was 20.00 and the free skate 36.00 . </P> <H2> Schedule ( edit ) </H2> <P> All times are ( UTC + 9 ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Time </Th> <Th> Round </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 February </Td> <Td> 10 : 00 </Td> <Td> Short program </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 February </Td> <Td> 10 : 00 </Td> <Td> Free skating </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Results ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Short program ( edit ) </H3> <P> The short program was held on 21 February . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Pl . </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Nation </Th> <Th> TSS </Th> <Th> TES </Th> <Th> PCS </Th> <Th> SS </Th> <Th> TR </Th> <Th> PE </Th> <Th> CH </Th> <Th> IN </Th> <Th> Ded </Th> <Th> StN </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Alina Zagitova </Td> <Td> Olympic Athletes from Russia </Td> <Td> 82.92 WR </Td> <Td> 45.30 </Td> <Td> 37.62 </Td> <Td> 9.36 </Td> <Td> 9.18 </Td> <Td> 9.64 </Td> <Td> 9.43 </Td> <Td> 9.43 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Evgenia Medvedeva </Td> <Td> Olympic Athletes from Russia </Td> <Td> 81.61 </Td> <Td> 43.19 </Td> <Td> 38.42 </Td> <Td> 9.54 </Td> <Td> 9.39 </Td> <Td> 9.71 </Td> <Td> 9.68 </Td> <Td> 9.71 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Kaetlyn Osmond </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 78.87 </Td> <Td> 41.83 </Td> <Td> 37.04 </Td> <Td> 9.32 </Td> <Td> 9.00 </Td> <Td> 9.36 </Td> <Td> 9.29 </Td> <Td> 9.32 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Satoko Miyahara </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> 75.94 </Td> <Td> 40.25 </Td> <Td> 35.69 </Td> <Td> 8.96 </Td> <Td> 8.75 </Td> <Td> 9.00 </Td> <Td> 8.86 </Td> <Td> 9.04 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> Kaori Sakamoto </Td> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> 73.18 </Td> <Td> 40.36 </Td> <Td> 32.82 </Td> <Td> 8.43 </Td> <Td> 7.96 </Td> <Td> 8.29 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> Carolina Kostner </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 73.15 </Td> <Td> 35.06 </Td> <Td> 38.09 </Td> <Td> 9.46 </Td> <Td> 9.32 </Td> <Td> 9.54 </Td> <Td> 9.61 </Td> <Td> 9.68 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> Gabrielle Daleman </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 68.90 </Td> <Td> 35.90 </Td> <Td> 33.00 </Td> <Td> 8.32 </Td> <Td> 8.04 </Td> <Td> 8.18 </Td> <Td> 8.25 </Td> <Td> 8.46 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> Choi Da - bin </Td> <Td> South Korea </Td> <Td> 67.77 </Td> <Td> 37.54 </Td> <Td> 30.23 </Td> <Td> 7.75 </Td> <Td> 7.29 </Td> <Td> 7.68 </Td> <Td> 7.5 </Td> <Td> 7.57 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> Mirai Nagasu </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 66.93 </Td> <Td> 37.24 </Td> <Td> 30.69 </Td> <Td> 8.04 </Td> <Td> 7.36 </Td> <Td> 7.61 </Td> <Td> 7.68 </Td> <Td> 7.68 </Td> <Td> - 1.00 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> Karen Chen </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 65.90 </Td> <Td> 33.53 </Td> <Td> 32.37 </Td> <Td> 8.07 </Td> <Td> 7.89 </Td> <Td> 8.14 </Td> <Td> 8.11 </Td> <Td> 8.25 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> Bradie Tennell </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 64.01 </Td> <Td> 35.50 </Td> <Td> 29.51 </Td> <Td> 7.57 </Td> <Td> 7.25 </Td> <Td> 7.25 </Td> <Td> 7.43 </Td> <Td> 7.39 </Td> <Td> - 1.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> Maria Sotskova </Td> <Td> Olympic Athletes from Russia </Td> <Td> 63.86 </Td> <Td> 31.47 </Td> <Td> 33.39 </Td> <Td> 8.46 </Td> <Td> 8.21 </Td> <Td> 8.21 </Td> <Td> 8.46 </Td> <Td> 8.39 </Td> <Td> - 1.00 </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> Nicole Rajičová </Td> <Td> Slovakia </Td> <Td> 60.59 </Td> <Td> 32.36 </Td> <Td> 28.23 </Td> <Td> 7.18 </Td> <Td> 6.82 </Td> <Td> 7.21 </Td> <Td> 7.00 </Td> <Td> 7.07 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> Nicole Schott </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> 59.20 </Td> <Td> 31.62 </Td> <Td> 27.58 </Td> <Td> 6.96 </Td> <Td> 6.61 </Td> <Td> 7.07 </Td> <Td> 6.86 </Td> <Td> 6.96 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> Elizabet Tursynbayeva </Td> <Td> Kazakhstan </Td> <Td> 58.82 </Td> <Td> 29.14 </Td> <Td> 29.68 </Td> <Td> 7.46 </Td> <Td> 7.18 </Td> <Td> 7.50 </Td> <Td> 7.43 </Td> <Td> 7.54 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> Kailani Craine </Td> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> 56.77 </Td> <Td> 30.36 </Td> <Td> 26.41 </Td> <Td> 6.61 </Td> <Td> 6.32 </Td> <Td> 6.71 </Td> <Td> 6.57 </Td> <Td> 6.79 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> Isadora Williams </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> 55.74 </Td> <Td> 29.83 </Td> <Td> 25.91 </Td> <Td> 6.54 </Td> <Td> 6.29 </Td> <Td> 6.64 </Td> <Td> 6.46 </Td> <Td> 6.46 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> Emmi Peltonen </Td> <Td> Finland </Td> <Td> 55.28 </Td> <Td> 28.48 </Td> <Td> 27.80 </Td> <Td> 7.00 </Td> <Td> 6.64 </Td> <Td> 6.96 </Td> <Td> 7.07 </Td> <Td> 7.07 </Td> <Td> - 1.00 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 19 </Th> <Td> Alexia Paganini </Td> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> 55.26 </Td> <Td> 29.99 </Td> <Td> 25.27 </Td> <Td> 6.39 </Td> <Td> 6.14 </Td> <Td> 6.39 </Td> <Td> 6.39 </Td> <Td> 6.29 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 20 </Th> <Td> Loena Hendrickx </Td> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 55.16 </Td> <Td> 27.79 </Td> <Td> 27.37 </Td> <Td> 7.04 </Td> <Td> 6.64 </Td> <Td> 6.82 </Td> <Td> 6.82 </Td> <Td> 6.89 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 21 </Th> <Td> Kim Ha - nul </Td> <Td> South Korea </Td> <Td> 54.33 </Td> <Td> 29.41 </Td> <Td> 24.92 </Td> <Td> 6.36 </Td> <Td> 6.00 </Td> <Td> 6.32 </Td> <Td> 6.29 </Td> <Td> 6.18 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 22 </Th> <Td> Maé - Bérénice Méité </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 53.67 </Td> <Td> 28.24 </Td> <Td> 25.43 </Td> <Td> 6.57 </Td> <Td> 6.14 </Td> <Td> 6.46 </Td> <Td> 6.29 </Td> <Td> 6.32 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 23 </Th> <Td> Ivett Tóth </Td> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> 53.22 </Td> <Td> 27.60 </Td> <Td> 25.62 </Td> <Td> 6.54 </Td> <Td> 6.18 </Td> <Td> 6.43 </Td> <Td> 6.39 </Td> <Td> 6.50 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 24 </Th> <Td> Li Xiangning </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> 52.46 </Td> <Td> 27.27 </Td> <Td> 26.19 </Td> <Td> 6.64 </Td> <Td> 6.29 </Td> <Td> 6.54 </Td> <Td> 6.64 </Td> <Td> 6.64 </Td> <Td> - 1.00 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="14"> Did not advance to free skating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 25 </Th> <Td> Larkyn Austman </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 51.42 </Td> <Td> 25.93 </Td> <Td> 26.49 </Td> <Td> 6.71 </Td> <Td> 6.32 </Td> <Td> 6.61 </Td> <Td> 6.71 </Td> <Td> 6.75 </Td> <Td> - 1.00 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 26 </Th> <Td> Diāna Ņikitina </Td> <Td> Latvia </Td> <Td> 51.12 </Td> <Td> 26.35 </Td> <Td> 24.77 </Td> <Td> 6.29 </Td> <Td> 5.93 </Td> <Td> 6.18 </Td> <Td> 6.32 </Td> <Td> 6.25 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 27 </Th> <Td> Giada Russo </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 50.88 </Td> <Td> 25.90 </Td> <Td> 25.98 </Td> <Td> 6.57 </Td> <Td> 6.25 </Td> <Td> 6.50 </Td> <Td> 6.54 </Td> <Td> 6.61 </Td> <Td> - 1.00 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 28 </Th> <Td> Anita Östlund </Td> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> 49.14 </Td> <Td> 25.35 </Td> <Td> 23.79 </Td> <Td> 6.14 </Td> <Td> 5.82 </Td> <Td> 5.93 </Td> <Td> 5.93 </Td> <Td> 5.93 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 29 </Th> <Td> Anna Khnychenkova </Td> <Td> Ukraine </Td> <Td> 47.59 </Td> <Td> 26.66 </Td> <Td> 22.93 </Td> <Td> 5.86 </Td> <Td> 5.54 </Td> <Td> 5.61 </Td> <Td> 5.82 </Td> <Td> 5.82 </Td> <Td> - 2.00 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 30 </Th> <Td> Aiza Mambekova </Td> <Td> Kazakhstan </Td> <Td> 44.40 </Td> <Td> 21.29 </Td> <Td> 23.11 </Td> <Td> 5.71 </Td> <Td> 5.46 </Td> <Td> 5.82 </Td> <Td> 5.89 </Td> <Td> 6.00 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Notes : </Li> <Li> WR - World record </Li> <Li> TSS - Total Segment Score ; TES - Technical Element Score ; PCS - Program Component Score </Li> <Li> SS - Skating Skills ;

The women's ice skating event at the Olympics takes place on 21-

When is the womens ice skating for the olympics?

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Doug Pederson - wikipedia <H1> Doug Pederson </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Doug Peterson . <Table> Doug Pederson <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Pederson in 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Philadelphia Eagles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Position : </Th> <Td> Head coach </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Born : </Th> <Td> ( 1968 - 01 - 31 ) January 31 , 1968 ( age 50 ) Bellingham , Washington </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Height : </Th> <Td> 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weight : </Th> <Td> 221 lb ( 100 kg ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> High school : </Th> <Td> Ferndale ( WA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> College : </Th> <Td> Northeast Louisiana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Undrafted : </Th> <Td> 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career history </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> As player : </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Miami Dolphins ( 1991 ) * </Li> <Li> New York / New Jersey Knights ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Miami Dolphins ( 1992 -- 1994 ) </Li> <Li> Carolina Panthers ( 1995 ) * </Li> <Li> Rhein Fire ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> Miami Dolphins ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> Green Bay Packers ( 1995 -- 1998 ) </Li> <Li> Philadelphia Eagles ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Cleveland Browns ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Green Bay Packers ( 2001 -- 2004 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> * Offseason and / or practice squad member only </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> As coach : </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Calvary Baptist Academy ( 2005 -- 2008 ) Head coach </Li> <Li> Philadelphia Eagles ( 2009 -- 2010 ) Offensive quality control coordinator </Li> <Li> Philadelphia Eagles ( 2011 -- 2012 ) Quarterbacks coach </Li> <Li> Kansas City Chiefs ( 2013 -- 2015 ) Offensive coordinator </Li> <Li> Philadelphia Eagles ( 2016 -- present ) Head coach </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career highlights and awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> As player </P> <Ul> <Li> Super Bowl champion ( XXXI ) </Li> </Ul> <P> As coach </P> <Ul> <Li> Super Bowl champion ( LII ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Career NFL statistics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Pass attempts : </Th> <Td> 522 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pass completions : </Th> <Td> 286 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Percentage : </Th> <Td> 54.7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TD -- INT : </Th> <Td> 12 -- 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Passing yards : </Th> <Td> 2,762 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Passer rating : </Th> <Td> 62.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Player stats at NFL.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Head coaching record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Regular season : </Th> <Td> 20 -- 12 (. 625 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Postseason : </Th> <Td> 3 -- 0 ( 1.000 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Career : </Th> <Td> 23 -- 12 (. 657 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Coaching stats at PFR </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Douglas Irving Pederson ( born January 31 , 1968 ) is an American football coach who is currently the head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He served as the offensive coordinator of the Kansas City Chiefs from 2013 -- 2015 . He spent most of his playing career as a member of the Green Bay Packers , serving as a backup quarterback to Brett Favre and holder on placekicks , and winning Super Bowl XXXI with the team over the New England Patriots . He was also a backup to Dan Marino as a member of the Miami Dolphins , and a starting quarterback for the Eagles and Cleveland Browns . </P> <P> In his second season as the Eagles ' head coach , Pederson won Super Bowl LII ( also against the Patriots ) , marking the first Super Bowl title in franchise history . He also became just the fourth person , after Mike Ditka , Tom Flores , and Tony Dungy to win a Super Bowl as both a player and head coach . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Playing career <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Early years </Li> <Li> 1.2 Professional <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Miami Dolphins </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 First stint with Packers </Li> <Li> 1.2. 3 Philadelphia Eagles </Li> <Li> 1.2. 4 Cleveland Browns </Li> <Li> 1.2. 5 Green Bay Packers ( second stint ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Coaching career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 High school </Li> <Li> 2.2 NFL assistant coaching positions </Li> <Li> 2.3 NFL head coach </Li> <Li> 2.4 Head coaching record </Li> <Li> 2.5 Coaching tree </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Playing career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Early years ( edit ) </H3> <P> Pederson was born in Bellingham , Washington , in 1968 . He attended Ferndale High School in nearby Ferndale , Washington , and was an All - State selection in football , basketball , and baseball . After high school he graduated from Northeast Louisiana University , where he was quarterback from 1987 through 1990 . He still holds multiple passing records at the school . </P> <H3> Professional ( edit ) </H3> Miami Dolphins ( edit ) <P> Pederson originally signed as a rookie free agent by the Miami Dolphins on May 1 , 1991 , out of Northeast Louisiana University ( now University of Louisiana at Monroe ) in Monroe , Louisiana . He was waived on August 17 , 1991 , before the start of the regular season . After spending the 1991 season as a free agent , the New York / New Jersey Knights of the World League of American Football ( WLAF ) drafted him in the fifth round for the first pool of draft - eligible players on February 4 , 1992 . The second pool , which was drafted from on February 20 , consisted of players allocated by NFL teams to the league . He was the backup quarterback to Reggie Slack with the Knights from March to May 1992 . </P> <P> After the WLAF season finished , he was re-signed by the Dolphins on June 2 , 1992 . Pederson spent 1992 training camp with the Dolphins , before being released during final roster cuts again . He was subsequently re-signed to the team 's practice squad , where he practiced on the scout team until he was waived on October 8 , 1992 . He was re-signed by the Dolphins after the season on March 3 , 1993 . After his third training camp with the Dolphins , he was waived again on August 31 , 1993 . For the second consecutive season , Pederson was re-signed to the team 's practice squad , on September 1 , 1993 . Dan Marino , the Dolphins ' starting quarterback since 1983 , ruptured his Achilles ' tendon in a week 6 game against the Cleveland Browns on October 10 , 1993 , forcing backup Scott Mitchell to replace him . Pederson replaced Marino on the active roster , and served as Mitchell 's backup for the next four games . Pederson made his NFL debut on October 24 , 1993 , in a week 8 game against the Indianapolis Colts . He helped head coach Don Shula win his NFL - record 325th victory as a coach when Mitchell suffered a separated shoulder in a week 11 game against the Philadelphia Eagles on November 14 , 1993 . In that record breaking game for Coach Shula , Pederson entered in the 3rd quarter of the game and went 3 for 6 for 34 yards , and completed several crucial 3rd downs . Pederson was able to steer the Dolphins to the win . Pederson also served as the backup to recently acquired Steve DeBerg for the three games Mitchell missed with injury . He briefly entered a week 14 game against the New York Giants while DeBerg was receiving stitches on his face . Mitchell returned as the Dolphins ' starter after week 15 , and Pederson was released in favor of backup DeBerg and third - string quarterback Hugh Millen on December 16 , 1993 . Pederson re-signed with the Dolphins on April 16 , 1994 , after the season ended . He spent the entire 1994 season on the Dolphins ' active roster as the third - string quarterback behind Marino and Bernie Kosar . On February 15 , 1995 , Pederson was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the twenty - second round of the NFL Expansion Draft , after being placed on the Dolphins ' available players list on January 19 , but was released on May 24 , 1995 . He returned to the World League after his release , playing with Rhein Fire . Pederson re-signed with the Dolphins again in June 1995 . After competing with Dan McGwire throughout training camp , Pederson was waived on August 22 , 1995 . Marino suffered a knee injury during a week 6 game , so Pederson was re-signed on October 10 to serve as the third quarterback behind Kosar and McGwire for the next two games . He was released again after Marino returned for week 9 on October 24 . </P> First stint with Packers ( edit ) <P> Pederson worked out for the Green Bay Packers following week 10 in 1995 , due to a season - ending injury suffered by backup Ty Detmer and a minor injury sustained by starter Brett Favre . Third - string quarterback T.J. Rubley was forced to play in week 10 and threw a game - ending interception after calling an audible , going against head coach Mike Holmgren 's playcall . The Packers signed Bob Gagliano to serve as the third - stringer quarterback for weeks 11 and 12 . Pederson replaced Gagliano as the third - string quarterback when he signed with the Packers on November 22 , 1995 . The Packers claimed Jim McMahon off waivers from the Browns to serve as Favre 's backup ahead of Pederson and Rubley on November 29 , 1995 . Rubley was waived on December 13 , leaving McMahon and Pederson as Favre 's backups . Favre did not miss any games , so Pederson did not see any game action for the Packers in 1995 . Pederson served as the third quarterback behind Favre and McMahon in 1996 , playing in one game but recorded no statistics . He received a Super Bowl ring following the Packers ' win over the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXI . He re-signed with the Packers with a two - year contract on February 20 , 1997 . Pederson was again the third quarterback throughout 1997 , backing up Favre and Steve Bono . Pederson beat out Rick Mirer for the backup job to Favre , as well as the primary placekick holder job , in 1998 . In a week 5 loss to the Minnesota Vikings , Pederson replaced Favre in the last five minutes of a blowout game , and threw two touchdowns in his place . However , Pederson suffered a broken jaw that knocked him out for the team 's next four games . </P> Philadelphia Eagles ( edit ) <P> Pederson signed a three - year , $4.5 million contract with the Philadelphia Eagles on February 18 , 1999 , to become the team 's starting quarterback under new head coach Andy Reid , who was Pederson 's quarterbacks coach in Green Bay from 1997 -- 1998 . The Eagles drafted Donovan McNabb with the second overall pick in the 1999 NFL Draft in April 1999 , and Reid said Pederson would remain the starter until McNabb was ready to play . In his nine starts for the Eagles , Pederson had a 2 -- 7 record , a 51.6 %

Doug Peterson played in the NFL as

What position did doug peterson play in the nfl?

-4482979425454794325

National legal aid & Defender Association - wikipedia <H1> National legal aid & Defender Association </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The National Legal Aid & Defender Association ( NLADA ) is the oldest and largest national , nonprofit membership organization devoted to advocating equal justice for all Americans and was established in 1911 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and its Equal Protection Clause provides Equal justice under law . Beginning in the late 1800s and throughout the early years of the 20th century , the American legal profession expressed its commitment to the concept of free legal assistance for poor people in the form of legal aid societies and bar association legal aid committees . </P> <P> The first legal aid society , The German Society of New York , was founded in 1876 to protect German immigrants from exploitation . Subsequently , the agency 's protection was extended to others and in 1890 it became the Legal Aid Society of New York . In 1888 , the Ethical Culture Society of Chicago established by the Bureau of Justice was the first agency to offer legal assistance to individuals regardless of nationality , race or gender . Other municipalities followed suit , and in the first decades of the 20th century most major cities had opened legal aid societies . </P> <P> In 1911 , legal aid societies joined together to form the National Alliance of Legal Aid Societies . Arthur von Briesen of the Legal Aid Society of New York was the first president of the organization that became the National Legal Aid & Defender Association ( NLADA ) in 1949 . </P> <P> The concept of free legal assistance for the poor was promoted by the publication of Reginald Heber Smith 's Justice and the Poor in 1919 . Smith challenged the legal profession to consider it an obligation to see that access to justice was available to all , without regard to ability to pay . `` Without equal access to the law , '' he wrote , `` the system not only robs the poor of their only protection , but places in the hands of their oppressors the most powerful and ruthless weapon ever invented . </P> <P> As a result of Smith 's book , the American Bar Association created the Special Committee on Legal Aid Work . By the middle of the 20th century , virtually every major metropolitan area had some kind of legal aid program . However , the system established was not suffice in meeting the needs of the poor and in the early 1960s a new model for legal services programs emerged . This new model was based on the philosophy that legal services should be a component of an overall anti-poverty effort . The Ford Foundation was one of the original supporters of this model . </P> <P> Subsequently , in 1964 came the passage of the Economic Opportunity Act , which launched the war on poverty and mandated federal funds to be allocated for the first time to fund legal services to the poor . However , this law did not specifically provide for legal services and it took many years and attempts to finally devise a federal construct to support legal aid for the low - income community . After years of research and advocacy , the Legal Services Corporation Act was enacted in 1974 by President Richard Nixon . This program flourished and has evolved over the years to become the organization nationally recognized as the Legal Services Corporation . </P> <P> Over the years legal aid has evolved into a comprehensive program that provides legal assistance to low - income people regardless of race , ethnicity or gender . NLADA is the only national membership organization devoted exclusively to ensuring legal representation for individuals who can not afford an attorney . </P> <P> NLADA serves the equal justice community in two major ways : providing products and services and as a national voice in public policy and legislative debates on the many issues affecting the equal justice community . NLADA also serves as a resource for those seeking more information on equal justice in the United States . </P> <P> In recent years , the NLADA has honored individuals and organizations with a variety of awards at its annual conferences . Awards range from the Mary Ellen Hamilton award , which recognizes a client of a legal aid or defender organization , to the Clara Shortridge Foltz Award , which honors organizations that have pioneered important innovations in the field . Notable recipients of NLADA awards include former Attorney General Janet Reno , Bronx Defenders attorney David Feige , and Hillary Clinton . </P> <P> Paul D. Borman was Chief Federal Defender , Legal Aid & Defender Association of Detroit , from 1979 to 1994 . He was the first federal defender to be appointed to the federal bench , in 1994 . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Human rights portal </Li> <Li> Law portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Legal aid in the United States </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Legal Aid Societies , '' MSN Encantra , ( 1 ) . Archived November 1 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The History of the Legal Aid Society , '' The Legal Aid Society , http://www.legal-aid.org/en/aboutus/ourhistory.aspx </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ethical Culture and the Ongoing Quest for Social Justice , '' The Ethical Culture Society of Bergen County , NJ , ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Would Keep Law and Charity Apart ; Legal Aid Society Refuses to Amalgamate with the Charities Conference '' . The New York Times . November 16 , 1912 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Justice and the Poor , Reginald Heber Smith , 1919 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` NLADA : About NLADA -- Awards , '' National Legal Aid & Defender Association , http://www.nlada.org/About/About_Awards </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Judge Paul D. Borman '' . United States District Court -- Eastern Michigan District . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 3 ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> nlada.org , the organization 's official website </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Legal_Aid_%26_Defender_Association&oldid=826346364 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1911 establishments in the United States </Li> <Li> Legal aid </Li> <Li> Law - related professional associations </Li> <Li> Legal advocacy organizations in the United States </Li> <Li> Non-profit organizations based in Washington , D.C. </Li> <Li> Organizations established in 1911 </Li> <Li> Criminal justice reform in the United States </Li> <Li> Criminal defense organizations </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use mdy dates from June 2015 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 18 February 2018 , at 16 : 48 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The major voice of the legal profession is the

Which organization is the major voice of the legal profession?

6821570137676147296

Russian Orthodox Cathedral in Cleveland , Ohio . Site of the wedding scene . <P> The wedding scenes were filmed at the historic St. Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral in the Tremont neighborhood of Cleveland , Ohio . The wedding took five days to film . St. Theodosius ' Father Stephen Kopestonsky was cast as the priest at the wedding . The reception scene was filmed at nearby Lemko Hall . The amateur extras lined up for the crowded wedding - dance sequences drank real liquor and beer . The scenes were filmed in the summer , but were set in the fall . To accomplish a look of fall , individual leaves were removed from deciduous trees . Zsigmond also had to desaturate the colors of the exterior shots , partly in camera and in the laboratory processing . </P> <P> The production manager asked each of the Russian immigrant extras to bring to the location a gift - wrapped box to double for wedding presents . The manager figured if the extras did this , not only would the production save time and money , but the gifts would also look more authentic . Once the unit wrapped and the extras disappeared , the crew discovered to their amusement that the boxes were n't empty but filled with real presents , from china to silverware . `` Who got to keep all these wonderful offerings , '' wrote Deeley `` is a mystery I never quite fathomed . '' </P> <P> Cimino originally claimed that the wedding scene would take up 21 minutes of screen time . In the end , it took 51 minutes . Deeley believes that Cimino always planned to make this prologue last for an hour , and `` the plan was to be advanced by stealth rather than straight dealing . '' </P> <P> At this point in the production , nearly halfway through principal photography , Cimino was already over budget , and producer Spikings could tell from the script that shooting the extended scene could sink the project . </P> <H3> The bar and the steel mill ( edit ) </H3> <P> The bar was specially constructed in an empty storefront in Mingo Junction , Ohio for $25,000 ; it later became an actual saloon for local steel mill workers . U.S. Steel allowed filming inside its Cleveland mill , including placing the actors around the furnace floor , only after securing a $5 million insurance policy . Other filming took place in Pittsburgh . </P> <H3> Hunting the Deer ( edit ) </H3> <P> The first deer to be shot was depicted in a `` gruesome close - up '' , although he was hit with a tranquilizer dart . The stag that Michael allows to get away later was the same one used on TV commercials for the Connecticut Life Insurance Company . </P> <H3> Vietnam and the Russian roulette scenes ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Viet Cong Russian roulette scenes were shot in real circumstances , with real rats and mosquitoes , as the three principals ( De Niro , Walken , and Savage ) were tied up in bamboo cages erected along the River Kwai . The woman who was given the task of casting the extras in Thailand had much difficulty finding a local to play the vicious - looking individual who runs the game . The first actor hired turned out to be incapable of slapping De Niro in the face . The caster then found a local Thai man with a particular dislike of Americans , and cast him accordingly . De Niro suggested that Walken be slapped for real by one of the guards without any warning . The reaction on Walken 's face was genuine . Producer Deeley has said that Cimino shot the brutal Vietcong Russian roulette scenes brilliantly and more efficiently than any other part of the film . </P> <P> De Niro and Savage performed their own stunts in the fall into the river , filming the 30 foot drop 15 times in two days . During the helicopter stunt , the runners caught on the rope bridge as the helicopter rose , it threatened to seriously injure De Niro and Savage . The actors gestured and yelled furiously to the crew in the helicopter to warn them . Footage of this is included in the film . </P> <P> According to Cimino , De Niro requested a live cartridge in the revolver for the scene in which he subjects John Cazale 's character to an impromptu game of Russian roulette , to heighten the intensity of the situation . Cazale agreed without protest , but obsessively rechecked the gun before each take to make sure that the live round was n't next in the chamber . </P> <P> While appearing later in the film , the first scenes shot upon arrival in Thailand were the hospital sequences between Walken and the military doctor . Deeley believed that this scene was `` the spur that would earn him an Academy Award . '' </P> <P> In the final scene in the gambling den between Mike and Nick , Cimino had Walken and De Niro improvise in one take . His direction to his actors : `` You put the gun to your head , Chris , you shoot , you fall over and Bobby cradles your head . '' </P> <H3> Filming locations ( edit ) </H3> Lemko Hall <Ul> <Li> St. Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral , in the Tremont neighborhood of Cleveland , Ohio . The name plaque is clearly visible in one scene . </Li> <Li> Lemko Hall , Cleveland , Ohio . Also located in Tremont , the wedding banquet was filmed here . The name is clearly visible in one scene . </Li> <Li> U.S. Steel Central Furnaces in Cleveland , Ohio . Opening sequence steel mill scenes . </Li> <Li> Patpong , Bangkok , Thailand , the area used to represent Saigon 's red light district . </Li> <Li> Sai Yok , Kanchanaburi Province , Thailand </Li> <Li> Mount Baker - Snoqualmie National Forest and Nooksack Falls in the North Cascades range of , Washington , deer hunting scenes . </Li> <Li> Steubenville , Ohio , for some mill and neighborhood shots . </Li> <Li> Struthers , Ohio , for external house and long - range road shots . Also including , the town 's bowling alley is the Bowladrome Lanes , located at 56 State Street , Struthers , Ohio . </Li> <Li> Weirton , West Virginia , for mill and trailer shots . </Li> <Li> River Kwai , Thailand , Prison camp and initial Russian roulette scene . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Post-production ( edit ) </H2> <P> By this point , The Deer Hunter had cost $13 million and the film still had to go through an arduous post-production . Film editor Peter Zinner was given 600,000 feet of printed film to edit , a monumental task at the time . Producers Spikings and Deeley were pleased with the first cut , which ran for three and a half hours . `` We were thrilled by what we saw , '' wrote Deeley , `` and knew that within the three and a half hours we watched there was a riveting film . '' </P> <P> Executives from Universal , including Lew Wasserman and Sid Sheinberg , were not very enthusiastic . `` I think they were shocked , '' recalled Spikings . `` What really upset them was ' God Bless America ' . Sheinberg thought it was anti-American . He was vehement . He said something like ' You 're poking a stick in the eye of America . ' They really did n't like the movie . And they certainly did n't like it at three hours and two minutes . '' Deeley was n't surprised by the Universal response : `` The Deer Hunter was a United Artists sort of picture , whereas Convoy was more in the style of Universal . I 'd muddled and sold the wrong picture to each studio . '' Deeley did agree with Universal that the film needed to be shorter , not just because of pacing but also to ensure commercial success . `` A picture under two and a half hours can scrape three shows a day , '' wrote Deeley , `` but at three hours you 've lost one third of your screenings and one third of your income for the cinemas , distributors , and profit participants . '' </P> <P> Thom Mount , president of Universal at the time , said , `` This was just a ... continuing nightmare from the day Michael finished the picture to the day we released it . That was simply because he was wedded to everything he shot . The movie was endless . It was The Deer Hunter and the Hunter and the Hunter . The wedding sequence was a cinematic event all unto its own . '' Mount says he turned to Verna Fields , Universal 's then - head of post-production . `` I sicked Verna on Cimino , '' Mount says . `` Verna was no slouch . She started to turn the heat up on Michael , and he started screeching and yelling . '' </P> <P> Zinner eventually cut the film down to 18,000 feet . Cimino later fired Zinner when he discovered that Zinner was editing down the wedding scenes . Zinner eventually won Best Editing Oscar for The Deer Hunter . Regarding the clashes between him and Cimino , Zinner stated : `` Michael Cimino and I had our differences at the end , but he kissed me when we both got Academy Awards . '' Cimino later commented in The New York Observer , `` ( Zinner ) was a moron ... I cut Deer Hunter myself . '' </P> <H3> Sound design ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Deer Hunter was Cimino 's first film to use Dolby noise - reduction system . `` What Dolby does , '' replied Cimino , `` is to give you the ability to create a density of detail of sound -- a richness so you can demolish the wall separating the viewer from the film . You can come close to demolishing the screen . '' It took five months to mix the soundtrack . One short battle sequence -- 200 feet of film in the final cut -- took five days to dub . Another sequence recreated the 1975 American evacuation of Saigon ; Cimino brought the film 's composer , Stanley Myers , out to the location to listen to the auto , tank , and jeep horns as the sequence was being photographed . The result , according to Cimino : Myers composed the music for that scene in the same key as the horn sounds , so the music and the sound effects would blend with the images to create one jarring , desolate experience . </P> <H3> Previews ( edit ) </H3> <P> Both the long and short versions were previewed to Midwestern audiences , although there are different accounts among Cimino , Deeley , and Spikings as to how the previews panned out . Director Cimino claims he bribed the projectionist to interrupt the shorter version , in order to obtain better reviews of the longer one . According to producer Spikings , Wasserman let EMI 's CEO Bernard Delfont decide between the two and chose Cimino 's longer cut . Deeley claims that the two - and - a-half hour version tested had a better response . </P> <H2> Soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Deer Hunter </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by Stanley Myers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1978 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Film score </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Capitol </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The soundtrack to The Deer Hunter was released on audio CD on October 25 , 1990 . </P> <H3> Selected tracks ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Stanley

The iconic hunting scene from the movie "The Deer Hunter" was filmed in

Where was the deer hunter hunting scene filmed?

-6800766892221135307

Optic chiasm - wikipedia <H1> Optic chiasm </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other meanings of `` chiasm '' , see Chiasm . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Optic chiasma </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Brain viewed from below ; the front of the brain is above . Visual pathway with optic chiasm ( X shape ) is shown in red ( 1543 image from Andreas Vesalius ' Fabrica ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Optic nerves , chiasm , and optic tracts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Part of </Th> <Td> Visual system </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> chiasma opticum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> A08. 800.800. 120.680. 600 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NeuroLex ID </Th> <Td> Optic chiasm </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TA </Th> <Td> A14. 1.08. 403 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 62045 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The optic chiasm or optic chiasma ( / ɒptɪk kaɪæzəm / ; Greek χίασμα , `` crossing '' , from the Greek χιάζω ' to mark with an X ' , after the Greek letter ' Χ ' , chi ) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross . The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus . The optic chiasm is found in all vertebrates , although in cyclostomes ( lampreys and hagfishes ) it is located within the brain . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure </Li> <Li> 2 Other animals </Li> <Li> 3 Additional images </Li> <Li> 4 History </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> The optic nerve fibres on the nasal sides of each retina cross over ( decussate ) to the opposite side of the brain via the optic nerve at the optic chiasm ( decussation of medial fibers ) . The temporal hemiretina , on the other hand , stays on the same side . The inferonasal retina are related to anterior portion of the optic chiasm whereas superonasal retinal fibers are related to the posterior portion of the optic chiasm . </P> <P> The crossing over of optic nerve fibres at the optic chiasm allows the visual cortex to receive the same hemispheric visual field from both eyes . Superimposing and processing these monocular visual signals allow the visual cortex to generate binocular and stereoscopic vision . For example , the right visual cortex receives the temporal visual field from the left eye , and the nasal visual field from the right eye , which results in the right visual cortex producing a binocular image of the left hemispheric visual field . The net result of optic nerve crossing over at the optic chiasm is for the right cerebral hemisphere to sense and process left hemispheric vision , and for the left cerebral hemisphere to sense and process right hemispheric vision . </P> <P> This crossing is an adaptive feature of frontally oriented eyes , found mostly in predatory animals requiring precise visual depth perception . ( Prey animals , with laterally positioned eyes , have little binocular vision , so there is a more complete crossover of visual signals . ) Beyond the optic chiasm , with crossed and uncrossed fibers , the optic nerves become optic tracts . The signals are passed on to the lateral geniculate body , in turn giving them to the occipital cortex ( the outer matter of the rear brain ) . </P> <H2> Other animals ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Siamese cats with certain genotypes of the albino gene , this wiring is disrupted , with more of the nerve - crossing than is normal , as a number of scholars have reported . To compensate for lack of crossing in their brains , they cross their eyes ( strabismus ) . </P> <P> This is also seen in albino tigers , as Guillery & Kaas report . </P> <H2> Additional images ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> <P> Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Base of brain . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> 3D schematic representation of optic tracts </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Transformations of the visual field toward the visual map on the primary visual cortex . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Human brainstem anterior view </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Optic chiasm </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Optic chiasma </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Cerebrum. Inferior view. Deep dissection . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Cerebrum. Inferior view . Deep dissection . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The crossing of nerve fibres , and the impact on vision that this had , was probably first identified by Persian physician `` Esmail Jorjani '' , who appears to be Zayn al - Din Gorgani ( 1042 -- 1137 ) . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Optic chiasm . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Chiasmal syndrome </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Colman , Andrew M. ( 2006 ) . Oxford Dictionary of Psychology ( 2nd ed . ) . Oxford University Press . p. 530 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 861035 - 1 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bainbridge , David ( 30 June 2009 ) . Beyond the Zonules of Zinn : A Fantastic Journey Through Your Brain . Harvard University Press . p. 162 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 674 - 02042 - 9 . Retrieved 22 November 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ de Lussanet , Marc H.E. ; Osse , Jan W.M. ( 2012 ) . `` An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the optic chiasm in vertebrates '' . Animal Biology . 62 ( 2 ) : 193 -- 216 . arXiv : 1003.1872 . doi : 10.1163 / 157075611X617102 . ISSN 1570 - 7555 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Purves , Dale ; Augustine , George ; Fitzpatrick , David ; Hall , William ; LaMantia , Anthony - Samuel ; White , Leonard ( 2012 ) . Neuroscience . Sinauer Associates . p. 261 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 87893 - 695 - 3 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` eye , human . '' Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD 2009 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Schmolesky MT , Wang Y , Creel DJ , Leventhal AG . `` Abnormal retinotopic organization of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the tyrosinase - negative albino cat '' . J Comp Neurol. 427 ( 2 ) : 209 -- 19 . doi : 10.1002 / 1096 - 9861 ( 20001113 ) 427 : 2 < 209 : : aid - cne4 > 3.0.co ; 2 - 3 . PMID 11054689 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Guillery , RW ; Kaas , JH ( June 1973 ) . `` Genetic abnormality of the visual pathways in a `` white '' tiger `` . Science . 180 ( 4092 ) : 1287 -- 9 . Bibcode : 1973Sci ... 180.1287 G . doi : 10.1126 / science. 180.4092. 1287 . PMID 4707916 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Guillery RW ( May 1974 ) . `` Visual pathways in albinos '' . Sci. Am. 230 ( 5 ) : 44 -- 54 . doi : 10.1038 / scientificamerican0574 - 44 . PMID 4822986 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Davis , Matthew C. ; Griessenauer , Christoph J. ; Bosmia , Anand N. ; Tubbs , R. Shane ; Shoja , Mohammadali M. ( 2014 - 01 - 01 ) . `` The naming of the cranial nerves : A historical review '' . Clinical Anatomy. 27 ( 1 ) : 14 -- 19 . doi : 10.1002 / ca. 22345 . ISSN 1098 - 2353 . </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> Jeffery G ( October 2001 ) . `` Architecture of the optic chiasm and the mechanisms that sculpt its development '' . Physiol. Rev. 81 ( 4 ) : 1393 -- 414 . PMID 11581492 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> `` Anatomy diagram : 13048.000 - 1 '' . Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator . Elsevier . Archived from the original on 2014 - 01 - 01 . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The cranial nerves </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> terminal </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nuclei <Ul> <Li> Septal nuclei </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Course <Ul> <Li> no significant branches </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> olfactory </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nuclei <Ul> <Li> Anterior olfactory nucleus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Course <Ul> <Li> olfactory bulb </Li> <Li> olfactory tract </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> optic </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nuclei <Ul> <Li> Lateral geniculate nucleus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Course <Ul> <Li> optic chiasm </Li> <Li> optic tract </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> oculomotor </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nuclei <Ul> <Li> Oculomotor nucleus </Li> <Li> Edinger -- Westphal nucleus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Branches <Ul> <Li> superior </Li> <Li> parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion / ciliary ganglion </Li> <Li> inferior </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> trochlear </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nucleus </Li> <Li> Branches <Ul> <Li> no significant branches </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> trigeminal </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nuclei <Ul> <Li> PSN </Li> <Li> Spinal trigeminal nucleus </Li> <Li> MN </Li> <Li> TMN </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Course <Ul> <Li> trigeminal ganglion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Branches <Ul> <Li> ophthalmic </Li> <Li> maxillary </Li> <Li> mandibular </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> abducens </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nucleus </Li> <Li> Branches <Ul> <Li> no significant branches </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> facial </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> near origin </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> intermediate nerve </Li> <Li> geniculate </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> inside facial canal </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> greater petrosal <Ul> <Li> pterygopalatine ganglion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> nerve to the stapedius </Li> <Li> chorda tympani <Ul> <Li> lingual nerve </Li> <Li> submandibular ganglion </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> at stylomastoid foramen </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> posterior auricular </Li> <Li> suprahyoid <Ul> <Li> digastric </Li> <Li> stylohyoid </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> parotid plexus <Ul> <Li> temporal </Li> <Li> zygomatic </Li> <Li> buccal </Li> <Li> mandibular </Li> <Li> cervical </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nuclei </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Facial motor nucleus </Li> <Li> Solitary nucleus </Li> <Li> Superior salivary nucleus </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> vestibulocochlear </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nuclei <Ul> <Li> Vestibular nuclei </Li> <Li> Cochlear nuclei </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> cochlear nerve <Ul> <Li> striae medullares </Li> <Li> lateral lemniscus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> vestibular <Ul> <Li> Scarpa 's ganglion </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> glossopharyngeal </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> before jugular fossa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ganglia <Ul> <Li> superior </Li> <Li> inferior </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> after jugular fossa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> tympanic <Ul> <Li> tympanic plexus </Li> <Li> lesser petrosal </Li> <Li> otic ganglion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> stylopharyngeal branch </Li> <Li> pharyngeal branches </Li> <Li> tonsillar branches </Li> <Li> lingual branches </Li> <Li> carotid sinus </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nuclei </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nucleus ambiguus </Li> <Li> Inferior salivatory nucleus </Li> <Li> Solitary nucleus </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> vagus </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> before jugular fossa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ganglia <Ul> <Li> superior </Li> <Li> inferior </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> after jugular fossa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> meningeal branch </Li> <Li> auricular branch </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> neck </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> pharyngeal branch <Ul> <Li> pharyngeal plexus </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li>

The optic nerve crosses the midline at the

Where does the optic nerve cross the midline ​?

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and staying overnight in Fucking , Clarkson and Hammond suggest to May that they should skip Wedding , Germany , and head for the Nürburgring instead . A mistake in the voice recognition of May 's navigation system leads them to the Nuremberg Norisring , after which the trio find a quarry to perform timed laps in . Clarkson cheats by climbing a hill and crossing the water to beat Hammond and May 's times by two minutes . Tim Burton crosses Loch Ness in a mini-submarine , which implodes before reaching the tent . During the final announcements a mysterious object is seen rising from the loch in the background . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Past v Future '' </Td> <Td> Dubai , United Arab Emirates </Td> <Td> Volkswagen Golf GTI , BMW i3 </Td> <Td> Roger Daltrey , Wilko Johnson , Daniel Ricciardo , Steve Biagioni , Bartek Ostałowski , Conor Shanahan </Td> <Td> 3 February 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 03 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> The tent is in Dubai . Clarkson compares his Volkswagen Golf GTI to May 's BMW i3 with a drag race at an airstrip and a road trip from London to Dartmoor to attend a Roger Daltrey and Wilko Johnson concert . In Conversation Street Dubai 's infrastructure is discussed . Clarkson and Hammond make May hang out with `` winchers '' who drive their 4x4s deep into mud . For `` Celebrity Brain Crash '' , F1 racer Daniel Ricciardo drives a hovercraft toward the tent , but crashes before being sucked into the hovercraft 's fan . Hammond defeats the Bugatti Veyron in a drag race with the Porsche 918 Spyder , but quickly loses to a 1900 horsepower Nissan Patrol . Later , he travels to Michelin 's proving grounds in France to learn how to drift . He must then prove his skills against two professional drifters -- double amputee Bartek Ostałowski and 13 - year - old Conor Shanahan -- at Rockingham Motor Speedway . May ends the episode with a series of outtakes of Clarkson and Hammond attempting to drift cars . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Notes ( edit ) <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Clarkson drove a blue Fisker - Galpin Rocket Mustang , Hammond a red Shelby GT350 Mustang , and May a white Roush Stage 3 Mustang . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Advertised as being released at 00 : 01 UTC on 18 November 2016 ; Episode 1 became available 20 minutes earlier , before midnight , on the previous day ( 17 November 2016 ) . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Neither credited , or identifiable . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Advertised as being released at 00 : 01 UTC on 25 November 2016 ; Episode 2 became available 60 minutes earlier , before midnight , on the previous day ( 24 November 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ This actually happened . The team demolished Clarkson 's Oxfordshire home , which was scheduled for demolition , and filmed it for The Grand Tour . </Li> </Ol> <H3> Series 2 ( 2017 -- 18 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in series </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Vehicles tested </Th> <Th> Special guests </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Past , Present , or Future '' </Td> <Td> Lamborghini Aventador S , Honda NSX , Rimac Concept One </Td> <Td> David Hasselhoff , Ricky Wilson </Td> <Td> 8 December 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The tent is now in the Cotswolds and will remain there for the duration of the series . To determine whether the past , present , or future of motoring is best , the presenters visit Switzerland with Clarkson in a petrol powered Lamborghini Aventador S representing the past , May in a hybrid powered Honda NSX representing the present , and Hammond in an all - electric Rimac Concept One representing the future . After starting at the top of the Gotthard Pass , Hammond brings the trio to a stay at the Park Weggis ( de ) health retreat and visit the Swiss Museum of Transport and other museums in Lucerne close to a charging station for the Rimac car . May and Clarkson reject this and go to a hill climbing race at Hemberg instead . As Clarkson can not fit into the Aventador whilst wearing a mandatory racing helmet , Clarkson sends a Lamborghini test driver in his place , thus setting the fastest time of all three . Hammond crashes after completing the course , destroying the Rimac in a fire . Footage taken from YouTube shows the wreckage being extinguished and Hammond being airlifted by the Swiss Air - Rescue ( REGA ) to hospital . The presenters discuss some inapropriate new features within cars on Conversation Street . Celebrity Brain Crash is replaced by Celebrity Face Off , in which Ricky Wilson beats David Hasselhoff to determine who the `` fastest former talent show host '' is . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Falls Guys '' </Td> <Td> Ford GT , Mercedes AMG GT R </Td> <Td> Kevin Pietersen , Brian Wilson </Td> <Td> 15 December 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 15 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The presenters race from Central Park in Manhattan , New York City , to an observation tower overlooking the Niagara Falls . Clarkson drives the new Ford GT whilst May and Hammond ( on crutches ) use public transport , taking the New York City Subway , AirTrain JFK , a JetBlue Embraer E190 flight , plus two Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority buses . Despite Hammond and May 's flight arriving 15 minutes early , Clarkson narrowly wins the race . For Conversation Street the presenters discuss sponsorship ideas . Clarkson reviews the Mercedes AMG GT R , after which new test driver , Abbie Eaton , takes it for a timed lap around the Eboladrome . In `` Celebrity Face Off '' , Kevin Pietersen of South Africa beats Brian Wilson of the U.S. as the `` fastest person who makes a living throwing and hitting and catching small balls '' . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Bah Humbug - atti '' </Td> <Td> Kia Stinger GT , Bugatti Chiron </Td> <Td> Hugh Bonneville , Casey Anderson </Td> <Td> 22 December 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The presenters begin with Christmas tree lights made from vehicle parts and , Starting with Scalextric , they exchange humorous and inappropriate Christmas gifts in Conversation Street . May travels to Majorca to race a Kia Stinger GT against a pair of longboard riders along a mountain road , with May winning the race despite him racing uphill and the riders downhill . Hammond and May attempt to relieve lunchtime boredom by inventing `` lunchtime office car park racing '' at Houghton Hall business park in the Luton / Dunstable Urban Area . After brief interviews in which both share their own ownership of a Tesla Model S , Hugh Bonneville , representing the UK , and Casey Anderson , representing the United States , compete during `` Celebrity Face Off '' as the `` fastest person who lives with a bear '' , with Anderson winning by setting the faster lap time . Clarkson experiments with the jet set lifestyle , starting in the morning from the Da Vinci super-yacht moored in Saint - Tropez and then driving a Bugatti Chiron to L'Alpe De Venosc France for skiing at lunchtime , stopping briefly for a drag race against a BMW M4 at Gap -- Tallard Airport to give viewers a perspective on how fast the Chiron is . After leaving the Alps , Clarkson then pays an homage to the 1976 film C'était un rendez - vous , by speeding across Turin and reaching the Piazza Carignano ( it ) in 9 minutes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Unscripted '' </Td> <Td> McLaren 720S , Audi TT RS , Ariel Nomad </Td> <Td> Michael Ball , Alfie Boe , Silvija Jurin </Td> <Td> 29 December 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 29 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The presenters begin by having a year - ending awards ceremony in Conversation Street . Hammond heads to the Eboladrome to test the McLaren 720S after which Eaton sets a lap time . Since The Grand Tour has been criticised for being too `` scripted '' , the presenters head to Zadar county and the island of Pag in Croatia to make a completely `` unscripted '' film . This results in Clarkson turning up in the Audi TT RS , Hammond turning up in the not at all comparable Ariel Nomad , and May turning up in an old Lada Riva which he turns into a fire engine . They go their separate ways though Clarkson and Hammond end up comparing their cars in a drag race , a rally stage ( both of which are won by Clarkson ) , visiting Maslenica , the Plitvice Lakes National Park , and following the D106 road until running out of road at Žigljen ferry port . Due to a lack of fires , May has to setup his own ones until Clarkson and Hammond setup one that proves too difficult for May , which the real fire brigade manage to put out with a firefighting aircraft , destroying May 's Lada fire engine in the process . Michael Ball and Alfie Boe compete in `` Celebrity Face Off '' with Ball setting the faster time and becoming the `` fastest classical singer with some kind of interesting connection to the British motor industry '' . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Up , Down and Round the Farm '' </Td> <Td> Ripsaw EV2 , Volkswagen Up ! GTI </Td> <Td> Bill Bailey , Dominic Cooper , Mark Higgins </Td> <Td> 5 January 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 05 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The presenters introduce some of the new cars for 2018 in Conversation Street . Hammond heads to Dubai to test a Sandrail dune buggy in the desert , followed by the Ripsaw `` high - end luxury tank '' , visiting the Dubai Mall . May reviews the Volkswagen Up ! GTI at the Eboladrome and in thick fog Eaton records a record slow time . Guests Bill Bailey and Dominic Cooper discuss their shared ownership of old French cars before racing each other in greasy / wet conditions with Cooper becoming the `` fastest person who has a failed former career in a band '' . Clarkson creates a Ken Block - style `` Farmkhana '' film using an old Subaru Impreza WRX STi around Hare Farm , near Rye , with bullet time photography . Hammond and May show the audience that Clarkson 's driving was mostly fake by sharing a `` making - of '' consisting of outtakes and behind - the - scenes footage featuring rally driver Mark Higgins , producer Phil Churchward , plus camera operator Ben Joiner breaking the fourth wall . Clarkson suggests that the whole thing is like sawing a woman in half during a magic show , and that really the audience do n't want to know . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 19 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Jaaaaaaaags '' </Td> <Td> None </Td> <Td> Luke Evans , Kiefer Sutherland </Td> <Td> 12 January 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 12 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The presenters head to the area around Grand Junction , Colorado , staying at the Gateway Canyons Resort & Spa , and eventually travelling to Telluride , Colorado with a variety of old Jaguar cars to establish the manufacturer 's reputation for reliability with Clarkson buying an XJR , May taking an XK8 convertible and Hammond bringing a Mark X

The celebrity guest on The Grand Tour Season 2 Episode 2 is

The grand tour season 2 episode 2 celebrity guests?

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for the alleged rape and murder of two young girls . He is very quiet and prefers to keep to himself , weeps almost constantly , and is afraid of the dark . Even at the end , during his execution , he asks Paul Edgecombe not to put on the traditional black silk mask used to block the view of the prisoner 's face because he fears the dark . Coffey is described as `` knowing his own name and not much else '' and lacks the capability to do so much as tie a simple knot . However , he is convicted of luring the girls away from their home , disposing of the watchdog , carefully planning and using abilities he would otherwise not be expected to have . He is the calmest and mildest prisoner the guards have ever seen , despite his hulking form . He turns out to be innocent of what he is accused of , but chooses to die anyway . </Li> <Li> Percy Wetmore -- He is a young and sadistic guard . He is disliked by Paul and the other guards because of his ways , but they can not do anything about it because he is the nephew of the governor 's wife . He is very homophobic and attacks Eduard Delacroix for allegedly touching him , although it was an accident caused by Del stumbling out of the prison truck . He is later attacked by `` Wild Bill '' Wharton , consequently wets himself , and is teased by Delacroix for it . In retaliation , Percy deliberately sabotages Delacroix 's execution . At the end of the story he is sent to the Briar Ridge mental institution , originally considered for a job but now as a patient , after Coffey transferred Melinda 's disease to him which caused him to kill William Wharton . He eventually lives through a hospital fire and dies in 1965 . </Li> <Li> William `` Wild Bill '' Wharton -- The antagonist of the story . He is on death row for various crimes . He does not like the nickname `` Wild Bill '' but prefers to be called `` Billy the Kid '' , a name which he has tattooed on his forearm . When he first arrives he manages to convince the guards that he is in a drugged stupor , only to attack and attempt to strangle to death Dean Stanton when they reach E Block . He continues to wreak havoc on the Mile and plays tricks such as urinating on the guards , amongst other things . He is punished by being placed in solitary confinement , but never seems to learn his lesson . As John Coffey is being smuggled to Hal Moores 's house , Wild Bill grabs his arm and Coffey sees that he actually committed the murders Coffey was accused of . Therefore , Coffey gives Percy the `` sickness '' he took from the warden 's wife , causing him to kill Wharton . </Li> <Li> Eduard `` Del '' Delacroix -- He is a Cajun prisoner with a fairly slow grasp of the English language . He is incarcerated for multiple deaths due to a fire he started while trying to cover up his rape and murder of a young girl . While on the Mile , Del befriends a mouse named Mr. Jingles , who becomes his best friend in his last days on death row . Percy , his enemy , sabotages his execution , causing Del to die in a slow , gruesome death in the electric chair . </Li> <Li> Mr. Jingles ( nicknamed `` Steamboat Willie '' ) -- An unusually intelligent mouse who enjoys eating peppermint sweets . He becomes a friend to Eduard Delacroix in the few days before the man is executed . He is resurrected by John Coffey after being stomped on by Percy Wetmore . This gives him increased longevity and he finally dies 64 years later . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Other characters ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Arthur `` The President '' Flanders -- An inmate on death row , convicted of killing his father in an insurance - fraud scheme . His sentence is commuted to life imprisonment , but he is later murdered by an unknown inmate in the prison laundry . </Li> <Li> Arlen `` The Chief '' Bitterbuck -- A Washita Cherokee death - row inmate , convicted of killing a man in a drunken brawl over a pair of boots . His execution is the first of three mentioned in Paul 's story . </Li> <Li> Janice Edgecombe -- Paul Edgecombe 's wife . Dies in a bus accident on the way to her grandchild 's graduation in 1956 . </Li> <Li> Hal Moores -- The warden at Cold Mountain Penitentiary . </Li> <Li> Melinda Moores -- Warden Moores 's wife , who is dying of a brain tumor and is cured by John Coffey . She eventually dies of a heart attack ten years later . </Li> <Li> Curtis Anderson -- The assistant warden . </Li> <Li> Dean Stanton -- A guard on E Block who is strangled and nearly killed by William Wharton . A father of young children , he takes no part in the taking of John Coffey to Melinda Moores due to the risk of losing his job . He applies for relocation to C Block after John Coffey 's death , where he is murdered by an inmate 4 months later . </Li> <Li> Harry Terwilliger -- One of the main guards on E Block along with his friends Paul Edgecombe , Brutus Howell and Dean Stanton . He eventually dies of cancer , long after John Coffey 's execution . </Li> <Li> Bill Dodge -- A `` floater '' guard on E Block ( not permanently assigned there ) . </Li> <Li> Jack Van Hay -- A guard who is part of the execution team . He operates the switch room . </Li> <Li> Toot - Toot -- A trustee who stands in for the condemned during execution rehearsals and sells snacks to prisoners and guards . </Li> <Li> Burt Hammersmith -- A reporter who wrote on the Detterick twins ' murders and John Coffey 's trial . Despite believing himself to be an `` Enlightenment '' man , he displays prejudice in his stance on `` Negroes '' and tries to convince Paul of John Coffey 's guilt . </Li> <Li> Elaine Connelly -- A friend of Paul in the present - day nursing home where he tells his story . She is later revealed to be the grandmother of the Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives , using this position to scare Brad Dolan from harassing Paul . </Li> <Li> Homer Cribus -- The Sheriff of Trapingus County , where the murders of the Detterick twins took place . Despite playing no part in apprehending John Coffey , he later shows up at the execution . An outspoken Baptist with strong racial prejudice and immensely overweight , he later succumbs to a heart attack while having sex with a 17 - year - old African American in his office . </Li> <Li> Rob McGee -- The Deputy Sheriff of Trapingus County , who led the search party which found John Coffey . While displaying strong doubt about Coffey 's guilt after being shown signs of innocence by Paul Edgecombe , he is still powerless to call for an appeal as he is subordinate to Sheriff Cribus , whom he allegedly hopes to succeed . </Li> <Li> Brad Dolan -- A malicious nursing home employee who harasses Paul Edgecombe . Paul strongly compares him to Percy Wetmore , and several times mistakes him for Percy , despite the latter dying in 1965 . </Li> <Li> Kathe and Cora Detterick -- The two young girls whom John Coffey was convicted of raping and murdering . Killed by William Wharton . </Li> <Li> Klaus and Marjorie Detterick -- The parents of Kathe and Cora . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Green Mile won the Bram Stoker Award for Best Novel in 1996 . In 1997 , The Green Mile was nominated as Best Novel for the British Fantasy Award and the Locus Award . In 2003 the book was listed on the BBC 's The Big Read poll of the UK 's `` best - loved novel . '' </P> <H2> Film adaptation ( edit ) </H2> Main article : The Green Mile ( film ) <P> Frank Darabont adapted the novel into a screenplay for a feature film of the same name . Released in 1999 , the film was directed by Darabont and starred Tom Hanks as Paul Edgecombe and Michael Clarke Duncan as John Coffey . The setting is changed from 1932 to 1935 in order to include the film Top Hat , which does n't appear in the book . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Green Mile by Stephen King '' . Subterranean Press . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Green Mile by Stephen King '' . Subterranean Press . ISBN 9781439182789 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Page 482 : ' She died -- of a heart attack , not a brain tumor -- ten or eleven years later ' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Past Stoker Nominees & Winners : 1996 Bram Stoker Award Nominees & Winners '' . Horror Writers Association . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bibliography : The Green Mile '' . isfdb.org . Retrieved 2014 - 04 - 11 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` BBC -- The Big Read '' . BBC . April 2003 , Retrieved 24 August 2017 </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Stephen King </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Bibliography </Li> <Li> Short fiction </Li> <Li> Unpublished and uncollected </Li> <Li> Awards and nominations </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Novels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Carrie ( 1974 ) </Li> <Li> ' Salem 's Lot ( 1975 ) </Li> <Li> The Shining ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> The Stand ( 1978 ) </Li> <Li> The Dead Zone ( 1979 ) </Li> <Li> Firestarter ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Cujo ( 1981 ) </Li> <Li> Christine ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> Pet Sematary ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> Cycle of the Werewolf ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> The Talisman ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> It ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> The Eyes of the Dragon ( 1987 ) </Li> <Li> Misery ( 1987 ) </Li> <Li> The Tommyknockers ( 1987 ) </Li> <Li> The Dark Half ( 1989 ) </Li> <Li> Needful Things ( 1991 ) </Li> <Li> Gerald 's Game ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Dolores Claiborne ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Insomnia ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> Rose Madder ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> The Green Mile ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Desperation ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Bag of Bones ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> The Plant ( 2000 ; unfinished ) </Li> <Li> Dreamcatcher ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Black House ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> From a Buick 8 ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> The Colorado Kid ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Cell ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Lisey 's Story ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Duma Key ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Under the Dome ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> 11 / 22 / 63 ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Joyland ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Doctor Sleep ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Mr. Mercedes ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Revival ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Finders Keepers ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> End of Watch ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Gwendy 's Button Box ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Sleeping Beauties ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> The Outsider ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Dark Tower series </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Gunslinger ( 1982 ) </Li> <Li> The

In the novel and film "The Green Mile", Toot-Toot was

Who was toot toot in the green mile?

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, later identified as Jack Twinning , then turned and fired once at Gore , who returned fire . In that moment the driver , Bobby Davis , turned and shot Gore twice at close range . Both officers died instantly . </P> <P> When Officers James Pence and George Alleyn drove in moments later , they could not see suspects or other officers , but both immediately came under fire . Pence put out an 11 ‐ 99 call ( `` officer down '' ) then took cover behind the passenger door . Alleyn grabbed his shotgun , and positioned himself behind the driver - side door . Both officers were mortally wounded in the ensuing exchange , and one suspect was hit . </P> <P> Civilian Gary Kness saw the gunfight as he drove along The Old Road and stopped to help . Kness ran toward the gun battle as shots were still being fired . </P> <P> `` I was driving to work as a computer operator when I turned the corner on the Old Road and saw the gunfire , I saw two CHP cars and a red car . I always say my brain said to get out of the way , but my feet ran the wrong way . '' </P> <P> Kness tried to drag the mortally wounded Alleyn out of the line of fire . When one of the two assailants began firing at him , Kness grabbed a CHP shotgun lying on the ground and aimed it at one of the gunmen . The shotgun was empty , however . Kness grabbed Alleyn 's service pistol from the ground , aimed with both hands and fired , hitting gunman Bobby Augusta Davis in the chest . When Davis kept advancing toward him , Kness tried to shoot again , but the CHP pistol was out of bullets . </P> <P> `` I was upset there were n't four or five more rounds in there . After that , I ran and jumped in a ditch . The dumbest thing is , I still had the service revolver in my hand . I was afraid when more police came they 'd think I was one of the gunman . So I put it behind me and said , ' They went that way . ' '' </P> <P> Suspects Jack Twinning and Bobby Davis escaped , later abandoned their vehicle and then split up . For nine hours , officers blanketed the area searching for the killers . Twinning broke into a house and briefly held a man hostage . Officers used tear gas before storming the house , but Twinning committed suicide with the shotgun he stole from Frago . Davis was captured , stood trial and convicted on four counts of murder . He was sentenced to death , but in 1972 , the California Supreme Court declared the death penalty to be cruel and unusual punishment and in 1973 , the court commuted his sentence to life in prison . </P> <P> Of the incident , Ronald Reagan , who was governor of California at the time , said the following words : `` If anything worthwhile comes of this tragedy , it should be the realization by every citizen that often the only thing that stands between them and losing everything they hold dear ... is the man wearing a badge . '' </P> <P> An emotionally charged follow - up investigation followed the incident , but eventually led to a complete revision of procedures during high - risk and felony stops . Firearms procedures have also changed fundamentally due to this incident , and physical methods of arrest have been improved . The police baton and pepper spray have been added to the officer 's arsenal , with more in ‐ depth training in their use . </P> <P> The 25th anniversary of the Newhall Incident was observed on April 6 , 1995 , at the present Newhall Area office , where a brick memorial pays tribute to Officers James Pence ( 6885 ) , Roger Gore ( 6547 ) , Walt Frago ( 6520 ) and George Alleyn ( 6290 ) . The memorial once stood at the former Newhall office , but was rebuilt at the new site , about one mile ( 1.6 km ) from the scene of the slayings . </P> <H2> Mergers ( edit ) </H2> <P> On July 12 , 1995 , the California State Police , which was a separate agency , was merged into the CHP , thus greatly expanding the agency 's mandate . In addition to safety on the state highway system , it is now responsible for the safety of all elected state officials and all people who work in or are utilizing a state building in California , such as the State Capitol Building in Sacramento . </P> <P> It has also been discussed to merge the Law Enforcement Division of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife into the California Highway Patrol . By doing so , this may allow for better protection of California 's environment and natural resources . The underfunded CDFW Law Enforcement Division has faced low numbers of Game Wardens also known as Wildlife Officers for the last ten years ; a similar idea is already in place in Oregon and Alaska , where the Oregon State Police and Alaska State Troopers serve as game wardens under a separate fish and wildlife division within the two departments . </P> <H2> Weapons ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The previous department issued firearm for CHP officers is the Smith & Wesson Model 4006 TSW in . 40 S&W . As of August 2017 , the department has begun replacing the 4006 TSW with the Smith & Wesson M&P in . 40 S&W . Each CHP patrol vehicle is equipped with a Remington 870 Police Magnum 12 ‐ gauge shotgun and a Sig Sauer M400 rifle in 5.56 mm . Less Lethal options for officers include OC Pepper Spray and the PR - 24 Side Handle Baton . The ASP Expandable Straight Baton is authorized as an optional piece of equipment for officers completing their probationary year . Additionally , officers are authorized to carry the TASER X2 Defender . In early 2009 , officers have been allowed to mount tactical lights to their Smith & Wesson 4006 TSW pistols . </P> <H2> Vehicles ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( September 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Origins ( edit ) </H3> <P> When motor vehicles in California were first seen as needing legislation , law enforcement agencies began to patrol using motorcycles , cars and trucks . Motorcycle officers in 1920 Fresno , started a group to assist each other and promote road safety - the Joaquin Valley Traffic Officer 's Association - led by Harry Wilson who they elected as president . They renamed themselves the California Association of Highway Patrolmen in 1921 , and became the California Highway Patrol in 1927 under the auspices of the Department of Motor Vehicles . </P> <H3> Motorcycles ( edit ) </H3> A motorcycle sergeant on the San Tomas Expressway near Benton Avenue in Santa Clara , California . <P> Through the public competitive bidding process , the Harley - Davidson motorcycle was selected as the primary enforcement motorcycle for the California Highway Patrol in 2013 . </P> <P> These replacement enforcement motorcycles will replenish the Department 's aging motorcycle fleet . In a cost - saving move , the CHP previously deferred the purchase of replacement motorcycles and has not purchased enforcement motorcycles since January 14 , 2011 . As a result , approximately 20 percent of the current fleet has logged 100,000 plus miles -- well exceeding the manufacturer 's warranty . </P> <P> CHP 's motorcycle program enhances public safety . Motorcycle officers are able to effectively enforce traffic laws in areas in which enforcement by four - wheel vehicles is impractical . Motorcycles can access scenes of accidents and natural disasters more quickly and work commute traffic in way that is unique to the motorcycle . Additionally , motorcycles play a special role in dignitary protection . </P> <P> The CHP has approximately 415 enforcement motorcycles working the roads throughout California . The CHP purchased 121 of the Harley - Davidson enforcement motorcycles to replace motorcycles that have high mileage or have been damaged in traffic collisions . As of June 2013 , approximately 22 percent of the CHP 's motorcycle fleet is over 100,000 miles with more than half of those over 125,000 miles . On average , a CHP enforcement motorcycle is driven 14,000 miles per year . </P> <P> The Harley - Davidson FLHTP Enforcement Motorcycle price per unit is $28,381.00 . This includes a 3 year / 60,000 mile warranty that covers all service and repairs . </P> <P> Early motorcycles used included Indian , Harley - Davidson and Henderson manufactured bikes during the 1920s and 30s ; though by 1941 the main manufacturers used at the training academy were Harley - Davidson and Indian . </P> <P> In the 1970s CHP decided to renew their Harleys fleet and tested many motorcycles such as Honda 750 four , Suzuki 850 , Moto Guzzi and finally Kawasaki Z900 and then 1000C1 made famous in CHiPs . </P> <P> In 1998 CHP began using the BMW R1100RT - P , with features including a helmet interface for communications , two batteries , and a top speed of 130 miles per hour ( 210 km / h ) . </P> <H3> Vehicles ( edit ) </H3> California Highway Patrol cruiser on display at Public Safety Day in Lakewood , California . <P> The Department of General Services is responsible for selecting a vehicle based on price , performance and payload capacity for the CHP . The bid specifications require a pursuit - rated , rear - wheel drive or all - wheel drive that can carry at least 1,500 pounds , the approximate weight of four officers , their equipment , and the police vehicle equipment . </P> <P> As of July 2013 , CHP had not purchased patrol vehicles since January 2011 and their fleet was rapidly aging . On average , CHP patrol vehicles are driven 33,000 miles per year . Half of their 2,153 - vehicle fleet had over 100,000 miles as of June 2013 . After 100,000 miles the warranty on CHP vehicles expires , forcing CHP to pay for maintenance costs . In July 2013 , the CHP was authorized to purchase up to 751 new vehicles to begin replacing its aging fleet , starting with cars that have the highest mileage . </P> <P> Through a public , competitive bidding process , the Ford Police Interceptor Utility Vehicle ( Explorer ) was selected as the new enforcement vehicle for the CHP in 2013 . The Ford Police Interceptor Utility Vehicle is All Wheel Drive and powered by a V6 , 3.7 Liter engine . It is a Flex Fuel vehicle that can use gasoline or E85 and gets 16 mpg city and 21 mpg highway . </P> <P> Several Dodge Charger Police Packages were also purchased for testing . </P> <P> The Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor averaged 16 mpg city and 24 mpg highway . The new Ford Police Interceptor Utility Vehicle costs $26,578 , which includes a 5 - year , 100,000 - mile warranty . The Department was paying $24,043 for the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptors and recently spent hundreds of thousands of dollars per month to maintain all vehicles no longer covered by warranty . </P> <P> Several vehicles were allocated to public affairs officers and are used for recruiting purposes . An example of these vehicles

The California Highway Patrol uses the

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Where the Red Fern Grows - wikipedia <H1> Where the Red Fern Grows </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the film adaptations , see Where the Red Fern Grows ( 1974 film ) and Where the Red Fern Grows ( 2003 film ) . <Table> Where the Red Fern Grows <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> First edition hardback cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Wilson Rawls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Children 's novel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Doubleday </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 1961 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print ( Hardcover ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 245 pp </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISBN </Th> <Td> 0 - 440 - 22814 - X </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OCLC </Th> <Td> 39850615 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Where the Red Fern Grows is a 1961 children 's novel by Wilson Rawls about a boy who buys and trains two Redbone Coonhound hunting dogs . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot summary </Li> <Li> 2 Films </Li> <Li> 3 Background </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> When leaving work in Idaho 's Snake River Valley , Billy Colman sees a pack of dogs attacking a stray coonhound . He takes the stray home to feed it . Once it has rested , Billy sets it free , knowing that it will return home . </P> <P> The experience reminds Billy of his childhood in the Ozark Mountains of Oklahoma . He wants a dog , and his parents offer to get him a mongrel from a neighbor . He wants two coonhounds , but his parents tell him they can not afford them . Billy finds a magazine ad for a Kentucky kennel which breeds Redbone Coonhounds and sells them for $25 each . He goes to work performing odd jobs and saves the $50 he needs with the help of his grandfather . Since it takes two years to do so , his grandfather writes to see if the kennel will honor the ad . They do , and the price has dropped so the two puppies only cost $40 . </P> <P> Billy 's dogs are delivered to the freight depot in Tahlequah . His family does not have transportation , so he finds his own way to get to the depot and walks through the hills . He picks up his puppies , which are a male and a female . He buys a gift for each member of his family with his extra $10 before heading back home . </P> <P> On the way back home , he spends the night in Robber 's Cave in the Sparrow Hawk Mountains . There he builds a fire and plays with the puppies . While trying to sleep , he hears a noise that he realizes is the cry of a mountain lion . In the morning , he continues on . He comes to a sycamore tree and sees the names Dan and Ann carved inside a heart in the bark and decides to name the puppies Old Dan and Little Ann . </P> <P> To train Old Dan and Little Ann , Billy traps a raccoon with the help of his grandfather and uses its pelt to teach them to hunt . During their training , their personalities become apparent : Old Dan is brave and strong , while Little Ann is very intelligent . Both are very loyal to each other and to Billy . </P> <P> On the first night of hunting season , Billy takes Old Dan and Little Ann out for their first hunt . He promises them that if they tree a raccoon , he will do the rest . They tree one in a large sycamore , which Billy had previously nicknamed `` The Big Tree '' . As he tries to call them off , they look at him sadly and he cuts the tree down , which takes him two days and costs him blistered hands . In the end , when he 's about to give up his effort , Billy offers a short prayer for strength to continue . A strong wind starts to blow and the tree falls . Old Dan and Little Ann take the raccoon down . </P> <P> Billy , Old Dan , and Little Ann go hunting almost every night and become well - known in the Ozarks . Billy and his grandfather make a bet with Rubin and Rainie Pritchard that Old Dan and Little Ann can tree the `` ghost coon '' . It leads them on a long , complicated hunt , and Rubin and Rainie want to give up . When they finally have it treed , Billy refuses to kill it . Rubin then orders his dog , Old Blue , to attack Old Dan , who is smaller ; and Rubin starts to beat Billy . Little Ann helps Old Dan , and together they injure Old Blue ; Rubin runs to attack them with an axe , but he trips , falls on it and kills himself . </P> <P> Billy 's grandfather enters him into a championship coon hunt , putting him against experienced hunters and the finest dogs in the country . Before it starts , he enters Little Ann into a conformation contest , where she wins the silver cup . On the fourth night of the hunt , Old Dan and Little Ann tree three raccoons , making it to the final round . The sixth night , they tree one before a blizzard hits . Billy , his father , grandfather , and the judge lose sight of the dogs . When they finally find them , Billy 's grandfather sprains his ankle . They build a fire , and when Billy 's father chops down a tree , three raccoons jump out . Old Dan and Little Ann take two of them down , and chase the third to another tree . In the morning , the hunters find them covered with ice circling the tree . That raccoon wins them the championship , gold cup , and $300 of jackpot money . </P> <P> One night Old Dan and Little Ann tree a mountain lion , and it attacks . Billy enters the fight with his axe , hoping to save his dogs , but they end up having to save him . Eventually , they kill the mountain lion , but Old Dan is badly wounded , and Billy finds his intestines in a bush . He dies late that night . Billy is heartbroken , and Little Ann loses the will to live , stops eating , and dies of grief a few days later on Old Dan 's grave . Billy 's father tries to tell him that it is all for the best , because with the money they received from winning the championship hunt , they can move to town . He goes to visit Old Dan and Little Ann 's graves and finds a giant red fern between them . According to Native American legend , only an angel can plant one . He feels ready to move on knowing that his dogs are always going to be remembered . </P> <H2> Films ( edit ) </H2> <P> The novel was made into a 1974 film starring Stewart Petersen , James Whitmore , Beverly Garland , and Jack Ging . It was followed by a sequel in 1992 , which starred Wilford Brimley , Chad McQueen , Lisa Whelchel , and Karen Carlson . The film was remade in 2003 and starred Joseph Ashton , Dabney Coleman , Ned Beatty and Dave Matthews . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> In a talk given to a group of schoolteachers , Wilson Rawls related how he wrote the first version of the novel ( along with five full novels , and hundreds of short stories and novelettes ) during the years that he worked on construction in Mexico and Idaho . He rolled the manuscripts up and saved them in a trunk at his parents ' home . When he met his fiancée , Sophie , he did not want her to know about his failed dreams of becoming a writer , so about a week before he got married he visited his parents and burned all his manuscripts . He then returned to Idaho and married Sophie . About three months later , he confessed to his wife that he had burned all his manuscripts and had always dreamed of being a writer . She encouraged him to rewrite one of his stories . He quit his job and wrote the novel in just three weeks . He said , `` I had it memorized . '' He would not let her read it until it was finished . He said , `` I finished it on a Friday . I gave it to her Saturday morning and I went to town . I stayed in town all day . I knew she had time to read it . I called her on the phone . I just knew she was going to laugh at that writing ... but when I called on the phone , she said , ' You get back out here to the house , I want to talk to you ... this is the most wonderful dog and boy story I 've ever heard in my life . ' '' She encouraged him to lengthen the story , because she felt it was too short to be a novel but too long to be a short story . He went to work on lengthening the manuscript . He wrote it longhand with no punctuation . She then typed it up and submitted it to the Saturday Evening Post . </P> <P> The Saturday Evening Post rejected the manuscript in three weeks . Sophie then sent the manuscript to the Ladies ' Home Journal . She believed that a woman editor at the Ladies ' Home Journal would like the story . About four months later , Rawls received a letter from the Ladies ' Home Journal saying that it was the wrong kind of story for their magazine , but they wanted to send it to the Saturday Evening Post . Upon the second submission to the Saturday Evening Post , it was accepted . It was first published in serialization in the Saturday Evening Post in 1961 under the title The Hounds of Youth . </P> <P> Doubleday then accepted the book for publication . Rawls said Doubleday then `` broke my heart . '' They changed the title to Where the Red Fern Grows , and attempted to market it to adult readers . For about six years , it languished on shelves and failed to sell . Doubleday was going to put it out of print , but one agent named Mr. Breinholt from Salt Lake City fought for it and asked for just a few more months to market it . He got Rawls a speaking engagement at the University of Utah to a conference of over 5,000 reading teachers and librarians . Copies of it were made available to them . When they took it back to their schools , the children loved it , and orders began pouring in . Jim Trelease states , `` Each year since then , it has sold more copies than the previous year . '' </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> Although sales of the novel began slowly , by 1974 over 90,000 copies had been sold . In 2001 , Publishers Weekly estimated that it had sold 6,754,308 copies . Today Where the Red Fern Grows is required reading in many American schools . One critic

In the novel "Where the Red Fern Grows", Billy's last name is

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Duomo , such as the magnificent cantorial pulpits ( the singing galleries for the choristers ) of Luca della Robbia and Donatello . </P> <P> As this cathedral was built with funds from the public , some important works of art in this church honour illustrious men and military leaders of Florence : </P> <P> Lorenzo Ghiberti had a large artistic impact on the cathedral . Ghiberti worked with Filippo Brunelleschi on the cathedral for eighteen years and had a large number of projects on almost the whole east end . Some of his works were the stained glass designs , the bronze shrine of Saint Zenobius and marble revetments on the outside of the cathedral . </P> <Ul> <Li> Dante Before the City of Florence by Domenico di Michelino ( 1465 ) . This painting is especially interesting because it shows us , apart from scenes of the Divine Comedy , a view on Florence in 1465 , a Florence such as Dante himself could not have seen in his time . </Li> <Li> Funerary Monument to Sir John Hawkwood by Paolo Uccello ( 1436 ) . This almost monochrome fresco , transferred to canvas in the 19th century , is painted in terra verde , a color closest to the patina of bronze . </Li> <Li> Equestrian statue of Niccolò da Tolentino by Andrea del Castagno ( 1456 ) . This fresco , transferred on canvas in the 19th century , in the same style as the previous one , is painted in a color resembling marble . However , it is more richly decorated and gives more the impression of movement . Both frescoes portray the condottieri as heroic figures riding triumphantly . Both painters had problems when applying in painting the new rules of perspective to foreshortening : they used two unifying points , one for the horse and one for the pedestal , instead a single unifying point . </Li> <Li> Busts of Giotto ( by Benedetto da Maiano ) , Brunelleschi ( by Buggiano - 1447 ) , Marsilio Ficino , and Antonio Squarcialupi ( a most famous organist ) . These busts all date from the 15th and the 16th centuries . </Li> </Ul> <P> Above the main door is the colossal clock face with fresco portraits of four Prophets or Evangelists by Paolo Uccello ( 1443 ) . This one - handed liturgical clock shows the 24 hours of the hora italica ( Italian time ) , a period of time ending with sunset at 24 hours . This timetable was used until the 18th century . This is one of the few clocks from that time that still exist and are in working order . </P> <P> The church is particularly notable for its 44 stained glass windows , the largest undertaking of this kind in Italy in the 14th and 15th century . The windows in the aisles and in the transept depict saints from the Old and the New Testament , while the circular windows in the drum of the dome or above the entrance depict Christ and Mary . They are the work of the greatest Florentine artists of their times , such as Donatello , Lorenzo Ghiberti , Paolo Uccello and Andrea del Castagno . </P> <P> Christ crowning Mary as Queen , the stained - glass circular window above the clock , with a rich range of coloring , was designed by Gaddo Gaddi in the early 14th century . </P> <P> Donatello designed the stained - glass window ( Coronation of the Virgin ) in the drum of the dome ( the only one that can be seen from the nave ) . </P> <P> The beautiful funeral monument of Antonio d'Orso ( 1323 ) , bishop of Florence , was made by Tino da Camaino , the most important funeral sculptor of his time . </P> <P> The monumental crucifix , behind the Bishop 's Chair at the high altar , is by Benedetto da Maiano ( 1495 -- 1497 ) . The choir enclosure is the work of the famous Bartolommeo Bandinelli . The ten - paneled bronze doors of the sacristy were made by Luca della Robbia , who has also two glazed terracotta works inside the sacristy : Angel with Candlestick and Resurrection of Christ . </P> <P> In the back of the middle of the three apses is the altar of Saint Zanobius , first bishop of Florence . Its silver shrine , a masterpiece of Ghiberti , contains the urn with his relics . The central compartment shows us one of his miracles , the reviving of a dead child . Above this shrine is the painting Last Supper by the lesser - known Giovanni Balducci . There was also a glass - paste mosaic panel The Bust of Saint Zanobius by the 16th - century miniaturist Monte di Giovanni , but it is now on display in the Museum Opera del Duomo . </P> <P> Many decorations date from the 16th - century patronage of the Grand Dukes , such as the pavement in colored marble , attributed to Baccio d'Agnolo and Francesco da Sangallo ( 1520 -- 26 ) . Some pieces of marble from the façade were used , topside down , in the flooring ( as was shown by the restoration of the floor after the 1966 flooding ) . </P> <P> It was suggested that the interior of the 45 metre ( 147 ft ) wide dome should be covered with a mosaic decoration to make the most of the available light coming through the circular windows of the drum and through the lantern . Brunelleschi had proposed the vault to glimmer with resplendent gold , but his death in 1446 put an end to this project , and the walls of the dome were whitewashed . Grand Duke Cosimo I de ' Medici decided to have the dome painted with a representation of The Last Judgment . This enormous work , 3,600 metres2 ( 38 750 ft2 ) of painted surface , was started in 1568 by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari and would last till 1579 . The upper portion , near the lantern , representing The 24 Elders of Apoc. 4 was finished by Vasari before his death in 1574 . Federico Zuccari and a number of collaborators , such as Domenico Cresti , finished the other portions : ( from top to bottom ) Choirs of Angels ; Christ , Mary and Saints ; Virtues , Gifts of the Holy Spirit and Beatitudes ; and at the bottom of the cupola : Capital Sins and Hell . These frescoes are considered Zuccari 's greatest work . But the quality of the work is uneven because of the input of different artists and the different techniques . Vasari had used true fresco , while Zuccari had painted in secco . During the restoration work , which ended in 1995 , the entire pictorial cycle of The Last Judgment was photographed with specially designed equipment and all the information collected in a catalogue . All the restoration information along with reconstructed images of the frescos were stored and managed in the Thesaurus Florentinus computer system . </P> <H2> Crypt ( edit ) </H2> Tomb of Filippo Brunelleschi . <P> The cathedral underwent difficult excavations between 1965 and 1974 . The archaeological history of this huge area was reconstructed through the work of Dr. Franklin Toker : remains of Roman houses , an early Christian pavement , ruins of the former cathedral of Santa Reparata and successive enlargements of this church . Close to the entrance , in the part of the crypt open to the public , is the tomb of Brunelleschi . While its location is prominent , the actual tomb is simple and humble . That the architect was permitted such a prestigious burial place is proof of the high esteem he was given by the Florentines . </P> <H2> Other burials ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Zenobius of Florence </Li> <Li> Conrad II of Italy </Li> <Li> Giovanni Benelli </Li> <Li> Filippo Brunelleschi </Li> <Li> Giotto di Bondone </Li> <Li> Pope Nicholas II </Li> <Li> Pope Stephen IX </Li> <Li> John Hawkwood </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Italy portal </Li> <Li> Catholicism portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Roman Catholic Marian churches </Li> <Li> List of largest domes in the world </Li> <Li> Santa Reparata , Florence </Li> <Li> Inferno ( Dan Brown novel ) </Li> <Li> History of Medieval Arabic and Western European domes </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Ermengem , Kristiaan Van . `` Duomo di Firenze , Florence '' . A View On Cities . Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bartlett , pp. 36 -- 37 ; according to Bartlett , the people of Florence continued to call the cathedral by its former name for some time after reconstruction . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Barlett , 36 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Zucconi , Guido ( 1995 ) . Florence : An Architectural Guide . San Giovanni Lupatoto , Vr , Italy : Arsenale Editrice srl . ISBN 88 - 7743 - 147 - 4 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ King , pp. 76 -- 79 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Santa Maria Del Fiore Church ( Dome ) Firenze Italy '' . En.firenze-online.com . Retrieved 2013 - 03 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ King , p. 10 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Brunelleschi 's Dome '' . Smarthistory at Khan Academy . Retrieved December 19 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ King , p. 9 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ King , p. 7 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ PBS ' The Medici : Godfathers of the Renaissance , Birth of a Dynasty ( see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FFDJK8jmms at the 20 : 15 mark ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Secrets of the Florentine Dome : The Secrets of the Florentine Dome , accessdate : January 25 , 2017 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stevenson , Niel ( 2007 ) Architecture Explained . ISBN 0756628687 . pp. 36 -- 37 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ King , pp. 70 -- 73 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ King , p. 97 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mueller , Tom ( February 10 , 2014 ) . `` Mystery of Florence 's Cathedral Dome May Be Solved '' . National Geographic Society . Retrieved 31 December 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ NationalGeographic.com 2014 - 02 Il Duomo Tom Mueller </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ NationalGeographic.com 2014 - 02 Il Doumo Design Video </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ King , pp. 105 - 107 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gartner , Peter , Filippo Brunelleschi 1377 - 1446 , p 95 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ King , p. 69 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Paolo Galluzzi , `` Leonard de Vinci , engineer and architect '' , p. 50 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Figures vary . archINFORM gives a 45 m wide tambour , while Santa Maria del Fiore at Structurae gives a 43 m diameter of the cupola , others as little as 42 m . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ As referenced in `` Cupola di Santa Maria del Fiore : il cantiere di restauro 1980 - 1995 '' , a cura di Cristina Acidini Luchinat e Riccardo Dalla Negra published by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato ( Roma ) in 1995 ( ISBN 8824039561 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thesaurus Florentinus project page ( in Italian ) , Soprintendenza ai Beni Architettonici e Paesaggisitici di Firenze , Ministero dei Beni Culturali </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Bartlett , Kenneth R. ( 1992 ) . The Civilization of the Italian Renaissance . Toronto : D.C. Heath and Company . ISBN 0 - 669 - 20900 - 7 ( Paperback ) . </Li> <Li> King , Ross ( 2000 ) .

The ceiling of the Florence Cathedral was painted by

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Too Much Time on My Hands - Wikipedia <H1> Too Much Time on My Hands </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Too Much Time on My Hands '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Styx </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Paradise Theatre </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Queen of Spades '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> March 1981 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1980 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> A&M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Tommy Shaw </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Styx </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Styx singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Best of Times '' ( 1981 ) </Td> <Td> `` Too Much Time on My Hands '' ( 1981 ) </Td> <Td> `` Nothing Ever Goes as Planned '' ( 1981 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Best of Times '' ( 1981 ) </Td> <Td> `` Too Much Time on My Hands '' ( 1981 ) </Td> <Td> `` Nothing Ever Goes as Planned '' ( 1981 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Too Much Time on My Hands '' is the second single released from Styx 's 1981 triple - platinum album Paradise Theatre . It was written and sung by Tommy Shaw , who also plays the lead guitar solo during the break in the song . </P> <P> It reached No. 9 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , No. 2 on the Top Rock Tracks chart , and No. 4 on the RPM Top Singles chart of Canada . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Personnel </Li> <Li> 2 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Tommy Shaw -- lead vocals , lead guitar </Li> <Li> Dennis DeYoung -- keyboards , backing vocals </Li> <Li> James Young -- rhythm guitar , backing vocals </Li> <Li> Chuck Panozzo -- bass </Li> <Li> John Panozzo -- drums </Li> </Ul> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song enjoyed a small revival when The Tonight Show host Jimmy Fallon started talking about the music video in April 2016 . This culminated with the episode on April 29 , 2016 when Fallon showed a shot - by - shot reenactment of the video with him and guest Paul Rudd on the show . In this video Fallon plays the part of Dennis DeYoung and Rudd plays Tommy Shaw , with A.D. Miles as James Young , Seth Herzog as John Panozzo , and Gerard Bradford as Chuck Panozzo . Tommy Shaw has commented positively and said he was impressed with Fallon 's vocals . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Styx '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jimmy Fallon & Paul Rudd recreate Styx Too Much Time On My Hands video - EW.com '' . Entertainment Weekly 's EW.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jimmy Fallon and Paul Rudd re-create Styx 's ' Too Much Time On My Hands ' video '' . UPI. 30 April 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jimmy Fallon & Paul Rudd Recreate Styx Music Video . 29 April 2016 -- via YouTube . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Watch Jimmy Fallon 's and Paul Rudd 's Remake of Styx 's ' Too Much Time on My Hands ' Video '' . Ultimate Classic Rock . 30 April 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Danielle Henderson ( 30 April 2016 ) . `` Jimmy Fallon and Paul Rudd Gave Us the Shot - For - Shot Styx Video Remake We Did n't Know We Needed '' . Esquire . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jimmy Fallon Sings `` Too Much Time on My Hands '' - Styx `` . Styx . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Songfacts </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Styx </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Chuck Panozzo </Li> <Li> James `` J.Y. '' Young </Li> <Li> Tommy Shaw </Li> <Li> Todd Sucherman </Li> <Li> Lawrence Gowan </Li> <Li> Ricky Phillips </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Dennis DeYoung </Li> <Li> John Panozzo </Li> <Li> John `` J.C. '' Curulewski </Li> <Li> Glen Burtnik </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Styx ( 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Styx II ( 1973 ) </Li> <Li> The Serpent Is Rising ( 1973 ) </Li> <Li> Man of Miracles ( 1974 ) </Li> <Li> Equinox ( 1975 ) </Li> <Li> Crystal Ball ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> The Grand Illusion ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> Pieces of Eight ( 1978 ) </Li> <Li> Cornerstone ( 1979 ) </Li> <Li> Paradise Theatre ( 1981 ) </Li> <Li> Kilroy Was Here ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> Edge of the Century ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> Brave New World ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Cyclorama ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> The Mission ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Caught in the Act ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> Return to Paradise ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Arch Allies : Live at Riverport ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Styx World : Live 2001 ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> At the River 's Edge : Live in St. Louis ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> 21st Century Live ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> One with Everything : Styx and the Contemporary Youth Orchestra ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> The Grand Illusion / Pieces of Eight - Live ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Live at the Orleans Arena , Las Vegas ( 2015 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Best of Styx ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> Lady ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> Styx Classics Volume 15 ( 1987 ) </Li> <Li> Styx Radio - Made Hits 1975 - 1991 ( 1991 ) </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> Styx Greatest Hits Part 2 ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> The Best of Times : The Best of Styx ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Best of Styx 1973 - 1974 ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Extended Versions ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Singles Collection ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Styx Yesterday & Today ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> 20th Century Masters ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> Rockers ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Come Sail Away -- The Styx Anthology ( 2004 ) </Li> <Li> The Complete Wooden Nickel Recordings ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Regeneration : Volume I & II ( 2011 & 2012 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cover albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Big Bang Theory ( 2005 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Best Thing '' ( 1972 ) </Li> <Li> `` Lady '' ( 1973 ) </Li> <Li> `` You Need Love '' ( 1975 ) </Li> <Li> `` Lorelei '' ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> `` Mademoiselle '' ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> `` Crystal Ball '' ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> `` Come Sail Away '' ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> `` Fooling Yourself ( The Angry Young Man ) '' ( 1978 ) </Li> <Li> `` Blue Collar Man ( Long Nights ) '' ( 1978 ) </Li> <Li> `` Sing for the Day '' ( 1979 ) </Li> <Li> `` Renegade ( 1979 ) </Li> <Li> `` Babe '' ( 1979 ) </Li> <Li> `` Why Me '' ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> `` Boat on the River ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> `` Borrowed Time '' ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> `` Lights '' ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> `` First Time '' ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> `` The Best of Times '' ( 1981 ) </Li> <Li> `` Too Much Time on My Hands '' ( 1981 ) </Li> <Li> `` Nothing Ever Goes as Planned '' ( 1981 ) </Li> <Li> `` Rockin ' the Paradise '' ( 1981 ) </Li> <Li> `` Snowblind '' ( 1981 ) </Li> <Li> `` Mr. Roboto '' ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Let It End '' ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> `` High Time '' ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> `` Music Time '' / `` Heavy Metal Poisoning '' ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> `` Love Is the Ritual '' ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> `` Show Me the Way '' ( 1991 ) </Li> <Li> `` Love at First Sight '' ( 1991 ) </Li> <Li> `` Paradise '' ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> `` On My Way '' ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> `` Waiting for Our Time '' ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> `` I Am the Walrus '' ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> `` Ca n't Stop Rockin ' '' ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> `` Gone Gone Gone '' ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Book </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This 1980s rock song - related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Too_Much_Time_on_My_Hands&oldid=836493612 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1981 singles </Li> <Li> Styx ( band ) songs </Li> <Li> Songs written by Tommy Shaw </Li> <Li> A&M Records singles </Li> <Li> 1980 songs </Li> <Li> 1980s rock song stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 15 April 2018 , at 03 : 30 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "Too Much Time on My Hands" is sung by

Who sings too much time on my hands lyrics?

1196743193353431992

Lion 's mane jellyfish - wikipedia <H1> Lion 's mane jellyfish </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Lion 's mane jellyfish </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Scientific classification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom : </Td> <Td> Animalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phylum : </Td> <Td> Cnidaria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Class : </Td> <Td> Scyphozoa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Order : </Td> <Td> Semaeostomeae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Family : </Td> <Td> Cyaneidae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genus : </Td> <Td> Cyanea </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Species : </Td> <Td> C. capillata </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Binomial name </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cyanea capillata ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The lion 's mane jellyfish ( Cyanea capillata ) , also known as the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly , is the largest known species of jellyfish . Its range is confined to cold , boreal waters of the Arctic , northern Atlantic , and northern Pacific Oceans . It is common in the English Channel , Irish Sea , North Sea and in western Scandinavian waters south to Kattegat and Øresund . It may also drift in to the south - western part of the Baltic Sea ( where it can not breed due to the low salinity ) . Similar jellyfish -- which may be the same species -- are known to inhabit seas near Australia and New Zealand . The largest recorded specimen found washed up on the shore of Massachusetts Bay in 1870 , had a bell with a diameter of 2.3 metres ( 7 ft 6 in ) and tentacles 37.0 m ( 121.4 ft ) long . Lion 's mane jellyfish have been observed below 42 ° N latitude for some time in the larger bays of the east coast of the United States . </P> <P> The lion 's mane jellyfish uses its stinging tentacles to capture , pull in and eat prey such as fish , sea creatures and smaller jellyfish . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Taxonomy </Li> <Li> 2 Description </Li> <Li> 3 Ecology </Li> <Li> 4 Behavior and reproduction </Li> <Li> 5 Sting and human contact </Li> <Li> 6 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 7 Gallery </Li> <Li> 8 References <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Other sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Taxonomy ( edit ) </H2> Cyanea sp . <P> The taxonomy of the Cyanea species is not fully agreed upon ; some zoologists have suggested that all species within the genus should be treated as one . Two distinct taxa , however , occur together in at least the eastern North Atlantic , with the blue jellyfish ( Cyanea lamarckii Péron & Lesueur , 1810 ) differing in color ( blue , not red ) and smaller size ( 10 -- 20 cm diameter , rarely 35 cm ) . Populations in the western Pacific around Japan are sometimes distinguished as Cyanea nozakii , or as a subspecies , C. c. nozakii . In 2015 , Russian researchers announced a possible sister species , Cyanea tzetlinii found in the White Sea , but this has not yet been recognized by other authoritative databases such as WoRMS or ITIS . </P> <H2> Description ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lion 's mane jellyfish ( Cyanea capillata ) are named for their showy , trailing tentacles reminiscent of a lion 's mane . They can vary greatly in size : although capable of attaining a bell diameter of over 2 metres ( 6 ft 7 in ) , those found in lower latitudes are much smaller than their far northern counterparts , with a bell about 50 centimetres ( 20 in ) in diameter . </P> <P> Size seems to dictate coloration : larger specimens are a vivid crimson to dark purple while smaller specimens grade to a lighter orange or tan , occasionally colorless . </P> <P> The bell of the lion 's mane jellyfish is scalloped into eight lobes ( lappets ) , each lobe containing from 70 to 150 tentacles , arranged in four fairly distinct rows . Along the bell margin is a balance organ at each of the eight indentations between the lobes -- the rhopalium -- which helps the jellyfish orient itself . From the central mouth extend broad frilly oral arms with many stinging cells . Closer to its mouth , its total number of tentacles are around 1200 . </P> <P> The long , thin tentacles which emanate from the bell 's subumbrella have been characterised as `` extremely sticky '' ; they also have stinging cells . The tentacles of larger specimens may trail as long as 30 m ( 100 ft ) or more , with the tentacles of the longest known specimen measured at 37 m ( 120 ft ) in length . This unusual length -- longer than a blue whale -- has earned it the status of one of the longest known animals in the world . </P> <H2> Ecology ( edit ) </H2> <P> As coldwater species , these jellyfish can not cope with warmer waters . The jellyfish are pelagic for most of their lives but tend to settle in shallow , sheltered bays towards the end of their one - year lifespan . In the open ocean , lion 's mane jellyfish act as floating oases for certain species , such as shrimp , medusafish , butterfish , harvestfish , and juvenile prowfish , providing both a reliable source of food and protection from predators . </P> <P> Predators of the lion 's mane jellyfish include seabirds , larger fish such as ocean sunfish , other jellyfish species , and sea turtles . The leatherback sea turtle feeds almost exclusively on them in large quantities during the summer season around Eastern Canada . The jellyfish themselves feed mostly on zooplankton , small fish , ctenophores , and moon jellies . </P> <H2> Behavior and reproduction ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Jellyfish § Life cycle Lion 's mane jellyfish swimming , side view <P> Lion 's mane jellyfish remain mostly very near the surface , at no more than 20 m depth . Their slow pulsations drive them forwards weakly , so they depend on ocean currents to travel great distances . The jellyfish are most often spotted during the late summer and autumn , when they have grown to a large size and the currents begin to sweep them to shore . </P> <P> Like other jellyfish , lion 's manes are capable of both sexual reproduction in the medusa stage and asexual reproduction in the polyp stage . Lion 's mane jellyfish have four different stages in their year - long lifespan : a larval stage , a polyp stage , an ephyrae stage , and the medusa stage . The female jellyfish carries its fertilized eggs in its tentacle , where the eggs grow into larva . When the larva are old enough , the female deposits them on a hard surface , where the larva soon grow into polyps . The polyps begin to reproduce asexually , creating stacks of small creatures called ephyrae . The individual ephyrae break off the stacks , where they eventually grow into the medusa stage and become full grown jellyfish . </P> <H2> Sting and human contact ( edit ) </H2> <P> Most encounters cause temporary pain and localized redness . In normal circumstances , and in healthy individuals , their stings are not known to be fatal . Vinegar can be used to deactivate the nematocysts , but due to the large number of tentacles medical attention is recommended after exposure . </P> <P> There may be a significant difference between touching a few tentacles with finger tips at a beach , compared to an accidental swimming into one . The initial sensation is more strange than painful , it feels like swimming in to a bit warmer and somewhat effervescent water . Some minor pains will though soon follow . It 's not a pleasant feeling , and especially not for children . Normally there is no real danger to humans ( with exception of people suffering from special allergy ) . But in cases when someone has been stung over large parts of his / her body , and not just by the longest tentacles , but by the whole jellyfish ( including the inner tentacles , of which there are around 1200 ) , a visit to a health care centre or similar is recommendable . Although rare , at deep water severe stings can also cause panic followed by drowning . To confuse a Lion 's Mane sting with other Bell jellyfish is perhaps not of larger importance ( although this field is poorly investigated ) , but to assume a sting from a Portuguese man o ' war and usually even worse , from any Box jellyfish especially like the Sea Wasp , to be a Lion 's Mane , can be lethal . Though any contact with the latter one is so extremely painful and very deadly that it immediately becomes obvious . </P> <P> On a July day in 2010 , around 150 beachgoers were stung by the remains of a lion 's mane jellyfish that had broken up into countless pieces in Wallis Sands State Beach , Rye , New Hampshire , in the United States . Considering the size of the species , it is possible that this mass incident was caused by a single specimen . </P> <H2> In popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> The lion 's mane jellyfish appears in the Sherlock Holmes short story `` The Adventure of the Lion 's Mane '' published in The Case - Book of Sherlock Holmes . Holmes discovers at the end of the story that the true killer of a professor who died shortly after going swimming ( shouting `` the lion 's mane '' before he succumbed ) was actually this jellyfish . Suspicion was originally laid upon the professor 's rival in love , until the latter was similarly attacked ( he survived , although badly stung ) . In the context of the story , it is only because the school professor has a weak heart that he succumbs , as is confirmed by the survival of the second victim . </P> <P> A photograph widely distributed on the internet appears to show an anomalously large lion 's mane dwarfing a nearby diver by several times . The photo was subsequently shown to be a hoax . </P> <P> On the popular television program QI the show claimed that the longest animal in the world was the lion 's mane jellyfish . This was later corrected -- in 1864 , a bootlace worm ( Lineus longissimus ) was found washed up on a Scottish shore that was 55 m ( 180 ft ) long . ( That claim has its critics : because bootlace worms can easily stretch to several times their natural length , it is possible the worm did not actually grow to be that length . ) </P> <H2> Gallery ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> <P> A lion 's mane jelly capturing a sea gooseberry </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Lion 's mane jellyfish with full threads visible </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Lion 's mane jellyfish contracted </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Lion 's mane jellyfish in star formation </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Lion 's mane jellyfish open , showing underside </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Life - sized model in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History , Washington DC , US </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Small , dead lion 's mane jelly washing up on the beach </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Blue lion 's mane jellyfish in Askeröfjorden outside Stenungsund , Sweden . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Hair Jelly ( Cyanea capillata ) . Australian Venom Research Unit . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Lion 's Mane Jellyfish -- Reference Library '' . redOrbit . Retrieved 2010 -

The lion's mane jellyfish's species within its genus is Cyanea

Which is the lion's mane jellyfish's species within its genus?

-5738880170312599174

seeded Philadelphia Eagles on the road , 27 -- 10 , in the playoffs , to make the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history . Meanwhile , the top - seeded Raiders were victorious against the fourth - seeded New York Jets , 30 -- 10 , and the second - seeded Tennessee Titans , 41 -- 24 . The Raiders won against the Titans through Gannon 's pass - oriented offense . </P> <H3> Super Bowl pre-game News ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Raiders entered the game favored to win in their first Super Bowl in 19 years . They were also the first franchise to appear in the Super Bowl in four different decades ( 1960s , 1970s , 1980s , 2000s ; the 1990s was the only decade that they did n't appear in the Super Bowl ) . However , much of the media hype surrounded the Gruden trade prior to the season . This forced league commissioner Paul Tagliabue to issue a statement that he might ban all future trades for coaches involving draft choices because it might compromise the draft . </P> <P> A distraction for the Raiders was that starting center Barret Robbins went missing for most of the week leading up to the Super Bowl , and ended up in a San Diego hospital the night before the game after suffering a manic episode . Backup Adam Treu ( a former Pro Bowl - er ) replaced Robbins . </P> <H2> Television and Entertainment ( edit ) </H2> <P> The game was broadcast in the United States by ABC with Al Michaels handling the play - by - play duties and color commentator John Madden , who became the first person to announce Super Bowls on different networks in consecutive years , having called Super Bowl XXXVI on Fox and then moving to ABC after Pat Summerall retired . </P> <P> The NFC improved to 6 -- 0 on Super Bowls broadcast on ABC . Melissa Stark and Lynn Swann served as sideline reporters . Chris Berman from Disney - owned corporate sibling ESPN hosted all the events . Berman was joined by fellow ESPN analyst Steve Young , Baltimore Ravens head coach Brian Billick , and New York Giants defensive end Michael Strahan . </P> <P> The Super Bowl was the first of three major professional sports championship series ABC broadcast in 2003 , as they would also broadcast the Stanley Cup Finals and the NBA Finals . Both the Super Bowl and the Stanley Cup Finals were hosted by Berman ( who co-hosted the Stanley Cup Finals with John Saunders ) and took place in the state of California . The state of California had representation in both finals series . Gary Thorne , Bill Clement , and John Davidson mentioned all of these when they called the Stanley Cup Finals . </P> <H3> Pre-game ceremonies ( edit ) </H3> <P> Before the game , a show called `` Santana and Friends '' performed on the field . Carlos Santana was joined by Beyoncé and Michelle Branch and sang truncated versions of `` Oye Como Va '' , `` The Game of Love '' , and `` Foo Foo . '' ABC also aired a pre-game parking lot performance featuring Bonnie Raitt , Goo Goo Dolls and Michael Bublé prior to the Santana and Friends segment . </P> <P> In a nod to what the New England Patriots did the previous year in Super Bowl XXXVI , both teams were introduced as a team , rather than offensive and defensive starters , after highlights of their seasons were simulcast on the video boards in the stadium and on television . This has become a regular tradition starting with this Super Bowl . </P> <P> Celine Dion then sang `` God Bless America '' which is sung for the only time in the Super Bowl , and later the Dixie Chicks sang the national anthem , `` The Star - Spangled Banner '' . F / A-18 Super Hornets of the United States Navy performed a flyover . </P> <P> To honor the 30th anniversary of the 17 -- 0 undefeated , perfect season of the 1972 Miami Dolphins , the following members of that team appeared during the coin toss ceremony : Don Shula , Bob Griese , Larry Csonka , Larry Little , Jim Langer , Nick Buoniconti , Paul Warfield . </P> <P> Memorable television commercials that aired during the game included the `` Terry Tate : Office Linebacker '' Reebok ad and the Budweiser Zebra Referee . ADBOWL ranked FedEx 's `` Castaway '' as the best commercial of the year . </P> <H3> Halftime show ( edit ) </H3> <P> Shania Twain , No Doubt , and Sting were featured during the halftime show , which was sponsored by AT&T Wireless . Twain sang her hits `` Man ! I Feel Like a Woman ! '' and `` Up ! '' . </P> <P> No Doubt then sang their hit `` Just a Girl '' with lead singer Gwen Stefani ad - libbing lines like `` I 'm just a girl at the Super Bowl ! '' The show concluded with Sting performing `` Message in a Bottle '' , with Stefani joining in midway through . </P> <P> NBC provided counter-programming against the halftime show , airing a live segment of `` Weekend Update '' from the comedy -- variety show Saturday Night Live featuring Jimmy Fallon and Tina Fey . </P> <H3> Postgame ceremonies ( edit ) </H3> <P> Bon Jovi appeared as part of the post-game ceremonies , performing `` It 's My Life '' prior to the Vince Lombardi Trophy presentation and `` Everyday '' afterwards ( most of the latter performance was not shown on ABC because the network cut to commercials ) . </P> <H2> Game Summary ( edit ) </H2> <H3> First quarter ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Raiders had a great chance to score a touchdown early in the game after cornerback Charles Woodson intercepted Buccaneers quarterback Brad Johnson 's pass on the third play of the game and returned it 12 yards to the Tampa Bay 36 - yard line . However , six plays later , Tampa Bay defensive end Simeon Rice sacked Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon on third down , forcing Oakland to settle for kicker Sebastian Janikowski 's 40 - yard field goal to give them a 3 -- 0 lead . </P> <P> Buccaneers kick returner Aaron Stecker returned the ensuing kickoff 27 yards to the 29 - yard line , then appeared to fumble the ball . Although the officials initially ruled that the ball was recovered by Oakland 's Eric Johnson , the play was reviewed by instant replay and the fumble was overturned , and thus Tampa Bay retained possession . It showed that both of Stecker 's knees were down and the ball did n't come loose until it hit the ground . Gruden and Stecker appeared upset at having to use a challenge so early in a game , when they both believed Stecker was clearly down . </P> <P> On the first play of the drive , Brad Johnson completed an 11 - yard pass to wide receiver Joe Jurevicius . Johnson 's next 2 passes were incomplete , but he then completed a 23 - yard pass to Jurevicius on third down to advance the ball to the Oakland 37 - yard line . Running back Michael Pittman then rushed for a 23 - yard gain to the 13 - yard line . However , on the next 3 plays , the Raiders defense limited the Buccaneers to a pair of incompletions and a 1 - yard run . Argentine kicker Martín Gramática then made a 31 - yard field goal to tie the game , 3 -- 3 . </P> <H3> Second quarter ( edit ) </H3> <P> Later in the half , a 17 - yard punt return by Raiders defensive back Darrien Gordon gave Oakland the ball at their own 49 - yard line . Gannon then threw an 8 - yard pass to running back Charlie Garner to reach the Tampa Bay 43 - yard line . However , on third down , Buccaneers safety Dexter Jackson intercepted Gannon 's pass at the 40 - yard line and returned it 9 - yards to near midfield . Then nine plays after the turnover , Gramatica kicked his second field goal from 43 yards to give Tampa Bay a 6 -- 3 lead . </P> <P> Jackson intercepted another pass on the Raiders ' next drive and returned it 25 yards to Oakland 's 45 - yard line , making Jackson the first player ever to record two interceptions in the first half of the Super Bowl . However , the Buccaneers were unable to take advantage of the turnover and were forced to punt . Fortunately for Tampa Bay , they got a big assist from their punter Tom Tupa , who managed to pin Oakland all the way back at their own 11 - yard line with his punt . The Raiders could not move the ball either , losing 1 yard on 3 plays with their ensuing drive . Tampa Bay punt returner Karl Williams then returned Shane Lechler 's punt 25 yards , giving the Buccaneers great field position at Oakland 's 27 - yard line . Aided with Pittman 's gains of 6 and 19 yards , the Buccaneers scored their first touchdown on a 2 - yard run from fullback Mike Alstott , increasing their lead to 13 -- 3 . Then with 3 : 45 left in the half , Tampa Bay drove 77 yards , assisted by a pair of catches by Alstott for 28 total yards . Johnson finished the drive with a 5 - yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Keenan McCardell to give the Buccaneers a 20 -- 3 halftime lead . </P> <H3> Third quarter ( edit ) </H3> <P> Tampa Bay continued to dominate the game for most of the third quarter . The Buccaneers forced the Raiders to punt on the opening drive of the second half . Next , Tampa Bay marched 89 yards on a 14 - play drive that took 7 : 52 off the clock , and ended with Johnson 's 8 - yard touchdown pass to McCardell to increase their lead to 27 -- 3 . Then on the second play of Oakland 's ensuing drive , Buccaneers defensive back Dwight Smith intercepted Gannon 's pass and returned it 44 yards for a touchdown , making the score 34 -- 3 . </P> <P> After giving up 34 points , Oakland finally managed to drive 82 yards down the field and score on a 39 - yard touchdown pass from Gannon to wide receiver Jerry Porter . Although he was initially ruled as being out of bounds when he caught the ball , it was determined that Porter had both feet in the end zone . The two - point conversion failed , so the Raiders were still down 34 -- 9 . </P> <H3> Fourth quarter ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Raiders ' touchdown seemed to fire up their defense , who forced the Buccaneers to a fourth down on their ensuing possession . Oakland linebacker Tim Johnson then blocked Tupa 's punt , and linebacker Eric Johnson returned the ball 13 yards for a touchdown . Another two - point conversion for Oakland failed , but Tampa Bay 's lead was cut to 34 -- 15 . </P> <P> Tampa Bay responded by moving the ball to the Oakland 9 - yard line on their ensuing drive , featuring a 24 - yard run by Pittman , but they came up empty after Tupa fumbled the snap on a field goal attempt . A few plays later , Gannon threw a 48 - yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Jerry Rice with 6 : 06 left in the game , cutting the Raiders deficit to 34 -- 21 . The two - point conversion

The Buccaneers' quarterback when they won the Super Bowl was

Who was the buccaneers qb when they won the superbowl?

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Independence ( probability theory ) - wikipedia <H1> Independence ( probability theory ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on Statistics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Probability theory </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Probability axioms </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Probability space </Li> <Li> Sample space </Li> <Li> Elementary event </Li> <Li> Event </Li> <Li> Random variable </Li> <Li> Probability measure </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Complementary event </Li> <Li> Joint probability </Li> <Li> Marginal probability </Li> <Li> Conditional probability </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Independence </Li> <Li> Conditional independence </Li> <Li> Law of total probability </Li> <Li> Law of large numbers </Li> <Li> Bayes ' theorem </Li> <Li> Boole 's inequality </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Venn diagram </Li> <Li> Tree diagram </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In probability theory , two events are independent , statistically independent , or stochastically independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other . Similarly , two random variables are independent if the realization of one does not affect the probability distribution of the other . </P> <P> The concept of independence extends to dealing with collections of more than two events or random variables , in which case the events are pairwise independent if each pair are independent of each other , and the events are mutually independent if each event is independent of each other combination of events . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Definition <Ul> <Li> 1.1 For events <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Two events </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 More than two events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 For random variables <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Two random variables </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 More than two random variables </Li> <Li> 1.2. 3 Conditional independence </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 Independent σ - algebras </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Properties <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Self - independence </Li> <Li> 2.2 Expectation and covariance </Li> <Li> 2.3 Characteristic function </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Examples <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Rolling dice </Li> <Li> 3.2 Drawing cards </Li> <Li> 3.3 Pairwise and mutual independence </Li> <Li> 3.4 Mutual independence </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Definition ( edit ) </H2> <H3> For events ( edit ) </H3> Two events ( edit ) <P> Two events A and B are independent ( often written as A ⊥ B ( \ displaystyle A \ perp B ) or A ⊥ ⊥ B ( \ displaystyle A \ perp \ ! \ ! \ ! \ perp B ) ) if their joint probability equals the product of their probabilities : </P> <Dl> <Dd> P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) P ( B ) ( \ displaystyle \ mathrm ( P ) ( A \ cap B ) = \ mathrm ( P ) ( A ) \ mathrm ( P ) ( B ) ) . </Dd> </Dl> <P> Why this defines independence is made clear by rewriting with conditional probabilities : </P> <Dl> <Dd> P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) P ( B ) ⇔ P ( A ) = P ( A ∩ B ) P ( B ) = P ( A ∣ B ) ( \ displaystyle \ mathrm ( P ) ( A \ cap B ) = \ mathrm ( P ) ( A ) \ mathrm ( P ) ( B ) \ Leftrightarrow \ mathrm ( P ) ( A ) = ( \ frac ( \ mathrm ( P ) ( A \ cap B ) ) ( \ mathrm ( P ) ( B ) ) ) = \ mathrm ( P ) ( A \ mid B ) ) . </Dd> </Dl> <P> and similarly </P> <Dl> <Dd> P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ) P ( B ) ⇔ P ( B ) = P ( B ∣ A ) ( \ displaystyle \ mathrm ( P ) ( A \ cap B ) = \ mathrm ( P ) ( A ) \ mathrm ( P ) ( B ) \ Leftrightarrow \ mathrm ( P ) ( B ) = \ mathrm ( P ) ( B \ mid A ) ) . </Dd> </Dl> <P> Thus , the occurrence of B does not affect the probability of A , and vice versa . Although the derived expressions may seem more intuitive , they are not the preferred definition , as the conditional probabilities may be undefined if P ( A ) or P ( B ) are 0 . Furthermore , the preferred definition makes clear by symmetry that when A is independent of B , B is also independent of A . </P> More than two events ( edit ) <P> A finite set of events ( A i ) i = 1 n ( \ displaystyle \ ( A_ ( i ) \ ) _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( n ) ) is pairwise independent if every pair of events is independent -- that is , if and only if for all distinct pairs of indices m , k , </P> <Dl> <Dd> P ( A m ∩ A k ) = P ( A m ) P ( A k ) . ( \ displaystyle \ mathrm ( P ) ( A_ ( m ) \ cap A_ ( k ) ) = \ mathrm ( P ) ( A_ ( m ) ) \ mathrm ( P ) ( A_ ( k ) ) . ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> A finite set of events is mutually independent if every event is independent of any intersection of the other events -- that is , if and only if for every k - element subset of ( A i ) i = 1 n ( \ displaystyle \ ( A_ ( i ) \ ) _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( n ) ) , </P> <Dl> <Dd> P ( ⋂ i = 1 k A i ) = ∏ i = 1 k P ( A i ) . ( \ displaystyle \ mathrm ( P ) \ left ( \ bigcap _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( k ) A_ ( i ) \ right ) = \ prod _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( k ) \ mathrm ( P ) ( A_ ( i ) ) . ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> This is called the multiplication rule for independent events . Note that it is not a single condition involving only the product of all the probabilities of all single events ( see below for a counterexample ) ; it must hold true for all subsets of events . </P> <P> For more than two events , a mutually independent set of events is ( by definition ) pairwise independent ; but the converse is not necessarily true ( see below for a counterexample ) . </P> <H3> For random variables ( edit ) </H3> Two random variables ( edit ) <P> Two random variables X and Y are independent if and only if ( iff ) the elements of the π - system generated by them are independent ; that is to say , for every a and b , the events ( X ≤ a ) and ( Y ≤ b ) are independent events ( as defined above ) . That is , X and Y with cumulative distribution functions F X ( x ) ( \ displaystyle F_ ( X ) ( x ) ) and F Y ( y ) ( \ displaystyle F_ ( Y ) ( y ) ) , and probability densities f X ( x ) ( \ displaystyle f_ ( X ) ( x ) ) and f Y ( y ) ( \ displaystyle f_ ( Y ) ( y ) ) , are independent iff the combined random variable ( X , Y ) has a joint cumulative distribution function </P> <Dl> <Dd> F X , Y ( x , y ) = F X ( x ) F Y ( y ) , ( \ displaystyle F_ ( X , Y ) ( x , y ) = F_ ( X ) ( x ) F_ ( Y ) ( y ) , ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> or equivalently , if the joint density exists , </P> <Dl> <Dd> f X , Y ( x , y ) = f X ( x ) f Y ( y ) . ( \ displaystyle f_ ( X , Y ) ( x , y ) = f_ ( X ) ( x ) f_ ( Y ) ( y ) . ) </Dd> </Dl> More than two random variables ( edit ) <P> A set of random variables is pairwise independent if and only if every pair of random variables is independent . Even if the set of random variables is pairwise independent , it is not necessarily mutually independent as defined next . </P> <P> A set of random variables is mutually independent if and only if for any finite subset X 1 , ... , X n ( \ displaystyle X_ ( 1 ) , \ ldots , X_ ( n ) ) and any finite sequence of numbers a 1 , ... , a n ( \ displaystyle a_ ( 1 ) , \ ldots , a_ ( n ) ) , the events ( X 1 ≤ a 1 ) , ... , ( X n ≤ a n ) ( \ displaystyle \ ( X_ ( 1 ) \ leq a_ ( 1 ) \ ) , \ ldots , \ ( X_ ( n ) \ leq a_ ( n ) \ ) ) are mutually independent events ( as defined above ) . </P> <P> The measure - theoretically inclined may prefer to substitute events ( X ∈ A ) for events ( X ≤ a ) in the above definition , where A is any Borel set . That definition is exactly equivalent to the one above when the values of the random variables are real numbers . It has the advantage of working also for complex - valued random variables or for random variables taking values in any measurable space ( which includes topological spaces endowed by appropriate σ - algebras ) . </P> Conditional independence ( edit ) Main article : Conditional independence <P> Intuitively , two random variables X and Y are conditionally independent given Z if , once Z is known , the value of Y does not add any additional information about X . For instance , two measurements X and Y of the same underlying quantity Z are not independent , but they are conditionally independent given Z ( unless the errors in the two measurements are somehow connected ) . </P> <P> The formal definition of conditional independence is based on the idea of conditional distributions . If X , Y , and Z are discrete random variables , then we define X and Y to be conditionally independent given Z if </P> <Dl> <Dd> P ( X ≤ x , Y ≤ y Z = z ) = P ( X ≤ x Z = z ) ⋅ P ( Y ≤ y Z = z ) ( \ displaystyle \ mathrm ( P ) ( X \ leq x , Y \ leq y \ ; \ ; Z = z ) = \ mathrm ( P ) ( X \ leq x \ ; \ ; Z = z ) \ cdot \ mathrm ( P ) ( Y \ leq y \ ; \ ; Z = z ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> for all x , y and z such that P ( Z = z ) >

Two events are said to be independent

When are two events said to be independent?

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of Congress , it has been found labeled `` Cahuilla Valley '' ( after the local Native American tribe ) and `` Cabazon Valley '' ( after a local Native American chief -- Chief Cabazon ) . `` Salt Creek '' first appeared on a map in 1867 and `` Salton Station '' is on a railroad map from 1900 , although this place had been there as a rail stop since the late 1870s . Until the advent of the modern sea , the Salton Sink was the site of a major salt - mining operation . </P> <H3> History during the 1900s ( edit ) </H3> Original caption : Dry Bed of Colorado River Below Imperial Intake ( ... ) River Diverted Into Imperial Canal <P> In 1900 , the California Development Company began construction of irrigation canals to divert water from the Colorado River into the Salton Sink , a dry lake bed . After construction of these irrigation canals , the Salton Sink became fertile for a time , allowing farmers to plant crops . </P> <P> Within two years , the Imperial Canal became filled with silt from the Colorado River . Engineers tried to alleviate the blockages to no avail . In 1905 , heavy rainfall and snowmelt caused the Colorado River to swell , overrunning a set of headgates for the Alamo Canal . The resulting flood poured down the canal , breached an Imperial Valley dike , and ran down two former dry arroyos : the New River in the west , and the Alamo River in the east , each about 60 mi ( 97 km ) long . Over about two years , these two newly created rivers sporadically carried the entire volume of the Colorado River into the Salton Sink . </P> <P> The Southern Pacific Railroad tried to stop the flooding by dumping earth into the canal 's headgates area , but the effort was not fast enough , and the river eroded deeper and deeper into the dry desert sand of the Imperial Valley . A large waterfall formed as a result and began cutting rapidly upstream along the path of the Alamo Canal that now was occupied by the Colorado . This waterfall was initially 15 feet ( 4.6 m ) high , but grew to 80 feet ( 24 m ) high before the flow through the breach was stopped . Originally , it was feared that the waterfall would recede upstream to the true main path of the Colorado , becoming up to 100 to 300 feet ( 30 to 91 m ) high , at which point it would be practically impossible to fix the problem . </P> Salton Sea <P> As the basin filled , the town of Salton , a Southern Pacific Railroad siding , and Torres - Martinez Native American land were submerged . The sudden influx of water and the lack of any drainage from the basin resulted in the formation of the Salton Sea . </P> <P> The U.S. Navy conducted a preliminary inspection of the Salton Sea in January 1940 , and the Salton Sea Test Base ( SSTB , run by Sandia Labs ) was initially commissioned as the Naval Auxiliary Air Station , Salton Sea , in October 1942 . The SSTB , just to the south - east of Salton City , originally functioned as an operational and training base for seaplanes . Additional activities at the base have included experimental testing of solidfuel plane - launched rockets , jet - assist take - off testing , aeroballistic testing of inert atomic weapon test units at land and marine target areas , training bombing at marine targets , testing of the effects of long - term storage on atomic weapons , testing of the parachute landing systems of the Project Mercury space capsules , parachute training and testing , and military training exercises . The base was abandoned in 1978 . </P> <P> The continuing intermittent flooding of the Imperial Valley from the Colorado River led to the idea of the need for a dam on the Colorado River for flood control . </P> <H3> Subsequent evolution ( edit ) </H3> A gaseous mud volcano <P> The Salton Sea had some success as a resort area , with Salton City , Salton Sea Beach , and Desert Shores , on the western shore and Desert Beach , North Shore , and Bombay Beach , built on the eastern shore in the 1950s . However , many of the settlements substantially shrank in size , or have been abandoned , mostly due to the increasing salinity and pollution of the lake over the years from agricultural runoff and other sources . Many of the species of fish that lived in the sea have been killed off by the combination of pollutants , salt levels , and algal blooms . Dead fish have been known to wash up in mass quantities on the beaches . The smell of the lake , combined with the stench of the decaying fish , also contributed to the decline of the tourist industry around the Salton Sea . Many people now visit the Salton Sea and the surrounding settlements to explore the abandoned structures . The town of Niland is 1.5 miles ( 3 km ) southeast of the sea , with a population of 1,006 . Evidence of geothermal activity is also visible . Mudpots and mud volcanoes are found on the eastern side of the Salton Sea . A number of geothermal electricity generation plants are located along the southeastern shore of the Salton Sea in Imperial County . </P> <P> The US Geological Survey describes the smell as `` objectionable '' , `` noxious '' , `` unique '' , and `` pervasive '' . </P> <H2> Ecology ( edit ) </H2> See also : Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge § Wildlife <H3> Fish population ( edit ) </H3> <P> Due to the high salinity , very few fish species can tolerate living in the Salton Sea . Introduced tilapia are the main fish that can tolerate the high salinity levels and pollution . Other freshwater fish species live in the rivers and canals that feed the Salton Sea , including threadfin shad , carp , red shiner , channel catfish , white catfish , largemouth bass , mosquitofish , sailfin molly , and the vulnerable desert pupfish . </P> <H3> Avian population ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Salton Sea has been termed a `` crown jewel of avian biodiversity '' by Dr. Milt Friend of the Salton Sea Science Office . Over 400 species have been documented at the Salton Sea . The most diverse and probably the most significant populations of bird life in the continental United States are hosted , rivaled only by Big Bend National Park in Texas . It supports 30 % of the remaining population of the American white pelican . The Salton Sea is also a major resting stop on the Pacific Flyway . On 18 November 2006 , a Ross 's gull , a high Arctic bird , was sighted and photographed there . </P> <H2> Increasing salinity ( edit ) </H2> Dead fish on the western shore of Salton City <P> The lack of an outflow means the Salton Sea does not have a natural stabilization system ; it is very dynamic . Fluctuations in the water level caused by variations in agricultural runoff , the ancient salt deposits in the lake bed , and the relatively high salinity of the inflow feeding the sea are all causing ever - increasing salinity . The body was initially a freshwater lake , but by the 1960s its rising salinity had begun to jeopardize some of the species in it . With a salinity now exceeding 5.0 % w / v ( saltier than seawater ) , most species of fish can no longer survive there . A freshwater fish notable for its ability to withstand the rising salinity of the Salton Sea , the desert pupfish , can survive salinities ranging from 0.0 % to 7.0 % . Fertilizer runoffs have resulted in eutrophication , with large algal blooms and elevated bacterial levels . </P> <P> By 2014 , large swaths of lake bed were exposed and salt levels drastically increased due to mandated water transfers to metropolitan areas along the coast and other factors , limiting the water inflow . Besides the resulting fish kills , the shrinking lake interrupts the bird migration , causes dust clouds , and impacts local tourism negatively . </P> <H3> Remediation efforts ( edit ) </H3> Past efforts and proposals for a Sea level canal ( edit ) Map of New River and Alamo River courses <P> Alternatives for `` saving '' the Salton Sea have been evaluated since 1955 . </P> The New River passes from Mexicali , Baja California , to the Imperial Valley , and on to the Salton Sea . <P> Much of the current interest in the sea was sparked in the 1990s by Congressman Sonny Bono . His widow , Mary Bono Mack , elected to fill his seat , has continued to be interested in the Salton Sea , as has Representative Jerry Lewis of Redlands . In 1998 , the Sonny Bono Salton Sea Restoration Project was named for the politician . </P> <P> In the late 1990s , the Salton Sea Authority , a local joint powers agency , and the US Bureau of Reclamation began efforts to evaluate and develop an alternative to save the Salton Sea . A draft Environmental Impact Report / Environmental Impact Statement , which did not specify a preferred alternative , was released for public review in 2000 . Since that time , the Salton Sea Authority has developed a preferred concept that involves the construction of a large dam that would impound water to create a marine sea in the northern and southern parts of the sea and along the western edge . </P> Satellite image of the Salton Sea with surrounding developments <P> Many other concepts have been proposed , including piping water from the sea to a wetland in Mexico , Laguna Salada , as a means of salt export , and one by Aqua Genesis Ltd to bring in seawater from the Gulf of California , desalinate it at the sea using available geothermal heat , and sell the water to pay for the plan . This concept would involve the construction of over 20 miles ( 30 km ) of pipes and tunneling , and , with the increasing demand for water at the coastline , would provide an additional 1,000,000 acre feet ( 1.2 km ) of water to Southern California coastal cities each year . </P> State Restoration plan ( edit ) Abandoned , salt - encrusted structures on the Salton Sea shore at Bombay Beach <P> In 2003 , the Imperial Irrigation District agreed to sell a portion of its allotment from the Colorado River for 45 years to the San Diego County Water Authority . The California State Legislature , by legislation enacted in 2003 and 2004 , directed the Secretary of the California Resources Agency to prepare a restoration plan for the Salton Sea ecosystem , and an accompanying Environmental Impact Report . As part of this effort , the Secretary for Resources has established an advisory committee to provide recommendations to assist in the preparation of the Ecosystem Restoration Plan , including consultation throughout all stages of the alternative selection . The California Department of Water Resources and California Department of Fish and Game are leading the effort to develop a preferred alternative for the restoration of the Salton Sea ecosystem and the protection of wildlife dependent on that ecosystem . </P> <P> On January 24 , 2008 , the California Legislative Analyst 's Office released a report titled `` Restoring the Salton Sea . '' The preferred alternative outlined in the draft plan calls for spending almost $9 billion over 25 years and proposes a smaller but more manageable Salton Sea . The amount of water available for use by

The Salton Sea is home to

What kind of fish live in the salton sea?

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Jack McCoy - wikipedia <H1> Jack McCoy </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the politician and labor activist , see Jack E. McCoy . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jack McCoy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Law & Order character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> `` Second Opinion '' `` Entitled '' ( SVU ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last appearance </Th> <Td> `` Rubber Room '' ( Law & Order ) `` The Undiscovered Country '' ( SVU ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> Sam Waterston </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time on show </Th> <Td> 1994 -- 2010 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seasons </Th> <Td> 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Credited appearances </Th> <Td> 368 episodes ( L&O ) 2 episodes ( HLOTS ) 4 episodes ( SVU ) 2 episodes ( TBJ ) 376 episodes ( total ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Ben Stone ( EADA ) Arthur Branch ( DA ) ( L&O ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Succeeded by </Th> <Td> Michael Cutter ( EADA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Rebecca McCoy ( daughter ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> John James McCoy is a fictional character in the television drama Law & Order . He was created by Michael S. Chernuchin and portrayed by Sam Waterston from 1994 until the end of the series in 2010 . He is the second - longest tenured character on the show ( 16 seasons ) , after Lt. Anita Van Buren ( 17 seasons ; portrayed by S. Epatha Merkerson ) . He appeared in 368 episodes of Law & Order , four episodes of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit , two episodes of Law & Order : Trial by Jury , two episodes of Homicide : Life on the Street , and the made - for - TV movie Exiled . </P> <P> Waterston 's performance as McCoy on the New York - based series was so popular that it resulted in him being declared a `` Living Landmark '' by the New York Landmarks Conservancy , along with fellow longtime series cast member Jerry Orbach ( who portrayed the popular police detective Lennie Briscoe for 12 years ) . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Character overview </Li> <Li> 2 Personal life </Li> <Li> 3 Notable conflicts </Li> <Li> 4 In Law & Order : Special Victims Unit <Ul> <Li> 4.1 As executive assistant district attorney <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Season one </Li> <Li> 4.1. 2 Season two </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 As district attorney <Ul> <Li> 4.2. 1 Season 9 </Li> <Li> 4.2. 2 Season 10 </Li> <Li> 4.2. 3 Season 11 </Li> <Li> 4.2. 4 Season 12 </Li> <Li> 4.2. 5 Season 13 </Li> <Li> 4.2. 6 Season 19 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception </Li> <Li> 6 District attorney 's office timeline </Li> <Li> 7 Appearances on other TV shows </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Character overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> Jack McCoy brings 24 years of experience with him as he is appointed executive assistant district attorney by Adam Schiff ( Steven Hill ) in the season - five premiere episode `` Second Opinion '' . He quickly establishes himself as a more unconventional , ruthless litigator than his predecessor , Ben Stone ( Michael Moriarty ) . He often bends -- and sometimes breaks -- trial rules to get convictions , finds tenuous rationales for charging defendants with crimes when the original charges fail to stick , and charges innocent people to frighten them into testifying against others . McCoy is found in contempt of court 80 times for such behavior , and his tactics occasionally incur negative publicity for the DA 's office . His underlying motivation , however , is not , he maintains , corruption , but a sincere desire to see justice done . To that end , McCoy has gone after defendants accused of perverting the justice system to arrange wrongful convictions with just as much determination as his more mundane cases . Such aggressive actions in the courts have earned him the nickname `` Hang ' em High McCoy '' . He has subsequently developed a reputation with both colleagues and rival attorneys , once being referred to as `` the top of the legal food chain '' by a rival attorney during a trial . </P> <P> Following the 17th season ( 2006 -- 2007 ) , Jack McCoy was appointed interim district attorney , taking over from Arthur Branch ( Fred Thompson ) . McCoy 's appearance on Law & Order : Special Victims Unit on the November 13 , 2007 , episode `` Blinded '' , marked his first appearance in the Law & Order universe as district attorney . The replacement for his former position is Michael Cutter ( Linus Roache ) , a prosecutor with a penchant for recklessness not unlike McCoy 's own in his younger days . This occasionally presents political difficulties for the new district attorney . More than once , McCoy berates Cutter for reckless conduct , in the same manner as he was berated by district attorneys when he was executive assistant district attorney . </P> <P> In the season - 19 episode `` Lucky Stiff '' , McCoy begins his election campaign for New York County District Attorney after serving the last season and a half as interim DA . In the season - 19 episode `` Promote This '' , in 1991 his wife Ellen ( whom he was divorcing ) is revealed to have unknowingly employed an undocumented immigrant as a nanny . This causes McCoy political havoc during a murder case where the motive was racism against illegal immigrants of Hispanic descent . In the episode `` Skate or Die '' , the place where his final campaign fundraiser would be held is discovered by the organizers to be owned by a man who served a 20 - year prison sentence for racketeering . Eventually , the final campaign fundraiser is held at a Chinese seafood restaurant with a kosher section . </P> <P> McCoy was hand - picked for the interim DA position by Governor Donald Shalvoy ( Tom Everett Scott ) , and the two initially have a friendly , productive working relationship . By the end of the 18th season , however , McCoy discovers that Shalvoy is involved in a prostitution scandal that is tied to a murder case he is prosecuting . Angered and disappointed , McCoy orders Cutter to start investigating Shalvoy , who retaliates by lending his support to McCoy 's opponent in the election . In the last episode of season 19 , `` The Drowned and the Saved '' , Cutter uncovers evidence that Shalvoy tried to buy a Senate seat for his wife , and threatens him with public disgrace unless he resigns . McCoy 's opponent suddenly has no patron , giving McCoy good prospects for victory . In the opening episode of season 20 , McCoy was revealed to have won the election ; he serves as DA for the remainder of this final season of Law & Order . </P> <H2> Personal Life ( edit ) </H2> <P> While he is a brilliant legal mind , McCoy has more than a few personal demons . He was abused by his father , an Irish Chicago policeman who had also beat Jack 's mother , and who eventually died of cancer . McCoy says that his determination and unyielding work ethic are a byproduct of having been harshly punished by his father for losing at anything . He also revealed that his father was a racist who once hit him for dating a Polish girl . McCoy disliked his father , calling him a `` son - of - a-bitch '' ; however , he admits he could have easily become like him . </P> <P> While not a nationalist , he cares enough about his heritage to be offended by a lawyer 's insinuation that two murder suspects committed the crime because of their `` Irish temper '' . </P> <P> McCoy has been divorced twice ( one ex-wife having been a former assistant ) and has an adult daughter , Rebecca , with Ellen . One of his ex-wives left him because he worked too many late nights . A gossip columnist writes that McCoy has not seen or spoken to his daughter since 1997 , and McCoy receives an envelope containing pictures of his daughter . He does not open the envelope ; rather , he places it in his bottom left desk drawer , next to a bottle of Jim Beam . In `` Fallout '' , the last scene shows McCoy meeting his daughter at a restaurant . During a conversation with ( fictional ) New York Governor Donald Shalvoy , he mentions Rebecca has taken a job in San Diego , and that she drove up to Los Angeles to meet him there for dinner while he was attending a conference on official business ; the governor uses this to try to smear McCoy , wrongly implying that he used public funds to visit Rebecca . In the season - 20 episode `` Dignity '' , McCoy mentions to EADA Michael Cutter ( Roache ) and ADA Connie Rubirosa ( Alana de la Garza ) that his daughter is either pregnant or a new mother , thus making him soon to be or already a grandfather . He also has a nephew , which indicates that he has at least one sibling . By 2008 , his nephew had a young daughter . </P> <P> McCoy has a reputation for having romantic affairs with his ADAs . Claire Kincaid ( Jill Hennessy ) mentions this when they first meet ; he tells her he has had affairs with only three of his ADAs , but by the end of the episode , she realizes that he has only had three female ADAs before her . In the episode `` Scoundrels '' , McCoy reveals that Sally Bell , a recurring defense attorney played by Edie Falco , had been one of those ADAs . He at one point was revealed to have had a romantic relationship with his frequent courtroom adversary , defense attorney Vanessa Galiano ( Roma Maffia ) . Kincaid initially makes it clear that she is not interested in a romantic relationship , and McCoy agrees to her stipulation . However , throughout the two seasons in which the two characters appear together , they are implied to be having an affair , with the relationship eventually confirmed in the season - 9 episode `` Sideshow '' , long after the Kincaid character had exited the show . Kincaid is killed in a car accident , a source of ongoing pain for McCoy . Defense attorneys have used his sexual history against him . Since Kincaid 's death , McCoy has kept his relationships with assistants professional , albeit friendly . </P> <P> McCoy 's affairs with his ADAs have often had explosive consequences . For instance , his former ADA Diana Hawthorne ( Laila Robins ) , with whom he had a sexual relationship , was found to have suppressed evidence so they could win a case , resulting in an innocent man going to prison . During her trial for intentionally engineering the wrongful convictions , Hawthorne claims that the convictions earned McCoy a promotion he was seeking . Ironically , in the same trial , during which McCoy is forced to admit he was having an affair with Hawthorne , he is being represented by Kincaid , with whom he is presently having an affair . </P> <P> In `` House Counsel '' , McCoy tries to prosecute a mobster for bribing and murdering a juror . The man 's lawyer

Jack McCoy joined Law and Order in

When did jack mccoy join law and order?

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Your Lie in April - Wikipedia <H1> Your Lie in April </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the manga and anime . For the live - action film adaptation , see Your Lie in April ( film ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Your Lie in April </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cover of the first tankōbon volume featuring Kōsei Arima and Kaori Miyazono </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 四 月 は 君 の 嘘 ( Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Manga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Naoshi Arakawa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published by </Th> <Td> Kodansha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> English publisher </Th> <Td> Kodansha Comics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Demographic </Th> <Td> Shōnen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Magazine </Th> <Td> Monthly Shōnen Magazine </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original run </Th> <Td> April 6 , 2011 -- February 6 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Volumes </Th> <Td> 11 ( List of volumes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anime television series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Kyōhei Ishiguro </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Takao Yoshioka </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Masaru Yokoyama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> A-1 Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Licensed by </Th> <Td> Madman Entertainment Aniplex of America Anime Limited </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Fuji TV ( Noitamina ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original run </Th> <Td> October 9 , 2014 -- March 19 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Td> 22 ( List of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Light novel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Your Lie in April - A Six Person Etude </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Yui Tokiumi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published by </Th> <Td> Kodansha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> English publisher </Th> <Td> Vertical </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published </Th> <Td> November 17 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Volumes </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Manga </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso : Coda </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Naoshi Arakawa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Demographic </Th> <Td> Shōnen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original run </Th> <Td> February 25 , 2015 -- October 28 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Volumes </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Original video animation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Moments </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Kazuya Iwata </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Takao Yoshioka </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Masaru Yokoyama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> A-1 Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> May 15 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Runtime </Th> <Td> 23 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Live - action film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Your Lie in April ( film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anime and Manga portal </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Your Lie in April , known in Japan as Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso ( 四 月 は 君 の 嘘 ) or just simply Kimiuso , is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Naoshi Arakawa . The series was serialized in Kodansha 's Monthly Shōnen Magazine from April 2011 to May 2015 . An anime television series adaptation by A-1 Pictures aired from October 2014 to March 2015 on Fuji TV 's Noitamina block . A live - action film adaptation of the same name was released in September 2016 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Characters </Li> <Li> 3 Media <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Manga <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Volume list </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Anime </Li> <Li> 3.3 Live - action film </Li> <Li> 3.4 Stage play </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Piano prodigy Kōsei Arima dominated various music competitions and has become famous among child musicians , but also controversial . After the death of his abusive mother , who was also his coldhearted instructor who forced him to play the piano emotionlessly , he had a mental breakdown at the age of eleven while performing at a piano recital which resulted in him no longer being able to hear the sound of his piano even though his hearing was perfectly fine . </P> <P> Kōsei has n't touched in four years ( he was fifteen in the series ) the piano , and views the world in monochrome , without any flair or color , resigning himself to living out his life with his childhood friends , Tsubaki and Watari , until , one day , a girl changes everything . Kaori Miyazono , an audacious , free - spirited , fourteen - year - old violinist whose playing style reflects her manic personality , helps Kōsei return to the music world and shows that it should be free and mold - breaking unlike the structured and rigid style Kōsei was used to , and as she continues to uplift him , he quickly realizes that he loves her , though she already likes Watari . </P> <P> However , while performing together ( Kōsei having been dragged into it by Kaori ) , Kaori suddenly collapses after a moving performance and is hospitalised . At first Kaori says that she is anaemic and just needs some routine testing , but this is revealed to be a lie when flashes of her past reveal her collapsing and bleeding many times before . </P> <P> Finally Kaori is discharged and back to her happy , crazy - self , inviting Kōsei to play at a Gala with her . However , Kaori fails to show up on the day of the Gala , and as her health worsens , and she begins to give up on life . This time , Kōsei is the one who inspires her after playing a duet with Nagi Aiza , the pianist sister of a fellow rival of his named Takeshi Aiza . After shedding tears and listening to it , Kaori opts for a risky surgery that may result in her demise if it fails , just so that she can play with him one more time . </P> <P> During the finals of the Eastern Japan Piano Competition , Kosei starts to play the piano , wishing that it would reach Kaori , but sees Kaori accompanying him during the play , indicating that she had died , since it was her last wish that she wanted to play with Kosei . </P> <P> Kaori eventually dies due to the surgery , but leaves a letter to Kōsei , which is given to him by her parents at her funeral . The letter states that she was in love with Kōsei the whole time , and that her supposed feelings towards Watari were fabricated in order to get closer to Kōsei without emotionally injuring Tsubaki , who also has limerent feelings towards Kōsei . Although at first consumed with grief , Kōsei finds comfort in Tsubaki , who promises not to abandon him . </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dt> Kōsei Arima ( 有馬 公 生 , Arima Kōsei ) </Dt> <Dd> Voiced by : Natsuki Hanae ( Japanese ) ; Max Mittelman ( English ) & Piano performance by : Tomoki Sakata </Dd> <Dd> Played by : Kento Yamazaki ( live - action film ) ; Shintarō Anzai ( stage play ) </Dd> <Dd> Kōsei is a former child prodigy in playing piano , dubbed the `` Human Metronome '' for his near - inhuman mechanical accuracy , a product of his mother 's overly strict methods of teaching . His ability to play the piano with unparalleled precision led him to win many competitions across Japan and even be invited to play abroad . When his mother died , the resulting psychological trauma caused him to be unable to hear the sound of his piano playing , and he gave up on it . Two years later , he takes up the piano again after being convinced by Kaori Miyazono to become her accompanist . Influenced by her emotional and unrestrained playing style , Kōsei eventually finds himself falling in love with her . He , however , does not confess his feelings due to her liking his best friend , Ryota Watari . </Dd> <Dd> It is later revealed in Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso : Coda , a side story from Kōsei and Tsubaki 's childhood , that his inspiration for playing so beautifully in his first competition was to cheer up Tsubaki after the passing of her grandmother . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Kaori Miyazono ( 宮園 かをり , Miyazono Kawori ) </Dt> <Dd> Voiced by : Risa Taneda ( Japanese ) ; Erica Lindbeck ( English ) & Violin performance by : Yūna Shinohara </Dd> <Dd> Played by : Suzu Hirose ( live - action film ) ; Arisa Matsunaga ( stage play ) </Dd> <Dd> Kaori is Tsubaki 's classmate ; she is a free - spirited violinist who has drawn much criticism from judging panels due to her unwillingness to adhere strictly to the score , but is highly favored by audiences that hear her playing . Kaori first met Kōsei when she asked Tsubaki to set her up with Watari . As their friendship grew , she eventually convinced Kōsei to play the piano again , first as her accompanist and later in a piano competition . It is revealed at the end of the anime , in a letter addressed to Kōsei , that she had asked to be set up with Watari in order to meet Kōsei , knowing that Watari and Tsubaki were good friends of his . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Tsubaki Sawabe ( 澤 部 椿 , Sawabe Tsubaki ) </Dt> <Dd> Voiced by : Ayane Sakura ( Japanese ) ; Erica Mendez ( English ) </Dd> <Dd> Played by : Anna Ishii ( live - action film ) ; Misato Kawauchi ( stage play ) </Dd> <Dd> Kōsei 's childhood friend and next - door neighbor , who treats him like a little brother . She is athletic and is part of the softball club at school . Often dismayed at Kōsei 's inability to move on from his mother 's death , she attempts to get him to play the piano again in order to make a clear decision about his future . She first denies her feelings for him but after undergoing several stages of denial , she falls in love with him , which she confesses to him later on . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Ryōta Watari ( 渡 亮太 , Watari Ryōta ) </Dt> <Dd> Voiced by : Ryōta Ōsaka ( Japanese ) ; Kyle McCarley ( English ) </Dd> <Dd> Played by : Taishi Nakagawa ( live - action film ) ; Masanari Wada ( stage play ) </Dd> <Dd> Ryōta is Kōsei 's and Tsubaki 's childhood friend , and is the captain of the school 's soccer team . He is extremely popular with girls , and usually adopts a frivolous attitude . However , he does come up with good insights every so often . Kaori was his love interest and when they are together , they are shown to be acting lovey - dovey , which makes Kōsei jealous . Kōsei later tells him about his feelings for Kaori , and he soon accepts this and gives him advice . </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Takeshi Aiza ( 相 座 武士 , Aiza Takeshi ) </Dt> <Dd> Voiced by : Yūki Kaji ( Japanese ) ; Erik Scott Kimerer ( English ) </Dd> <Dd> Played by : Shōjirō Yokoi ( stage play ) </Dd> <Dd> Takeshi is a pianist of the same age as Kōsei . His aim was always to catch up and surpass Kōsei on the piano since watching him play at a young age . His resolve is so strong to the point that

The music for "Your Lie in April" was composed by

Who did the music for your lie in april?