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SkyScenes

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Depth Estimation
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domain adaptation
sim2real
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metadata
license: mit
language:
  - en
task_categories:
  - object-detection
  - depth-estimation
  - image-segmentation
tags:
  - dataset
  - aerial
  - synthetic
  - domain adaptation
  - sim2real

SkyScenes: A Synthetic Dataset for Aerial Scene Understanding

Sahil Khose*, Anisha Pal*, Aayushi Agarwal*, Deepanshi*, Judy Hoffman, Prithvijit Chattopadhyay

HuggingFace DatasetProject PagearXiv

Dataset Summary

Real-world aerial scene understanding is limited by a lack of datasets that contain densely annotated images curated under a diverse set of conditions. Due to inherent challenges in obtaining such images in controlled real-world settings, we present SkyScenes, a synthetic dataset of densely annotated aerial images captured from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) perspectives. SkyScenes images are carefully curated from CARLA to comprehensively capture diversity across layout (urban and rural maps), weather conditions, times of day, pitch angles and altitudes with corresponding semantic, instance and depth annotations. SkyScenes features 33,600 images in total, which are spread across 8 towns, 5 weather and daytime conditions and 12 height and pitch variations.

📣 Announcement

SkyScenes has been accepted at ECCV 2024 !

SkyScenes Details

Click to view the detailed list of all variations
  • Layout Variations(Total 8)::
    • Town01
    • Town02
    • Town03
    • Town04
    • Town05
    • Town06
    • Town07
    • Town10HD

Town07 features Rural Scenes, whereas the rest of the towns feature Urban scenes

  • Weather & Daytime Variations(Total 5):

    • ClearNoon
    • ClearSunset
    • ClearNight
    • CloudyNoon
    • MidRainyNoon

  • Height and Pitch Variations of UAV Flight(Total 12):

    • Height = 15m, Pitch = 0°
    • Height = 15m, Pitch = 45°
    • Height = 15m, Pitch = 60°
    • Height = 15m, Pitch = 90°
    • Height = 35m, Pitch = 0°
    • Height = 35m, Pitch = 45°
    • Height = 35m, Pitch = 60°
    • Height = 35m, Pitch = 90°
    • Height = 60m, Pitch = 0°
    • Height = 60m, Pitch = 45°
    • Height = 60m, Pitch = 60°
    • Height = 60m, Pitch = 90°
Click to view class definitions, color palette and class IDs for Semantic Segmentation

SkyScenes semantic segmentation labels span 28 classes which can be further collapsed to 20 classes.

Class ID Class ID (collapsed) RGB Color Palette Class Name Definition
0 -1 (0, 0, 0) unlabeled Elements/objects in the scene that have not been categorized
1 2 (70, 70, 70) building Includes houses, skyscrapers, and the elements attached to them
2 4 (190, 153, 153) fence Wood or wire assemblies that enclose an area of ground
3 -1 (55, 90, 80) other Uncategorized elements
4 11 (220, 20, 60) pedestrian Humans that walk
5 5 (153, 153, 153) pole Vertically oriented pole and its horizontal components if any
6 16 (157, 234, 50) roadline Markings on road
7 0 (128, 64, 128) road Lanes, streets, paved areas on which cars drive
8 1 (244, 35, 232) sidewalk Parts of ground designated for pedestrians or cyclists
9 8 (107, 142, 35) vegetation Trees, hedges, all kinds of vertical vegetation (ground-level vegetation is not included here)
10 13 (0, 0, 142) cars Cars in scene
11 3 (102, 102, 156) wall Individual standing walls, not part of buildings
12 7 (220, 220, 0) traffic sign Signs installed by the state/city authority, usually for traffic regulation
13 10 (70, 130, 180) sky Open sky, including clouds and sun
14 -1 (81, 0, 81) ground Any horizontal ground-level structures that do not match any other category
15 -1 (150, 100, 100) bridge The structure of the bridge
16 -1 (230, 150, 140) railtrack Rail tracks that are non-drivable by cars
17 -1 (180, 165, 180) guardrail Guard rails / crash barriers
18 6 (250, 170, 30) traffic light Traffic light boxes without their poles
19 -1 (110, 190, 160) static Elements in the scene and props that are immovable
20 -1 (170, 120, 50) dynamic Elements whose position is susceptible to change over time
21 19 (45, 60, 150) water Horizontal water surfaces
22 9 (152, 251, 152) terrain Grass, ground-level vegetation, soil, or sand
23 12 (255, 0, 0) rider Humans that ride/drive any kind of vehicle or mobility system
24 18 (119, 11, 32) bicycle Bicycles in scenes
25 17 (0, 0, 230) motorcycle Motorcycles in scene
26 15 (0, 60, 100) bus Buses in scenes
27 14 (0, 0, 70) truck Trucks in scenes 
                                                                            |

Dataset Structure

The dataset is organized in the following structure:

├── Images (RGB Images)
│   ├── H_15_P_0
│   │   ├── ClearNoon
│   │   │   ├── Town01
│   │   │   │   └── Town01.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── Town02
│   │   │   │   └── Town02.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── ...
│   │   │   └── Town10HD
│   │   │       └── Town10HD.tar.gz
│   │   ├── ClearSunset
│   │   │   ├── Town01
│   │   │   │   └── Town01.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── Town02
│   │   │   │   └── Town02.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── ...
│   │   │   └── Town10HD
│   │   │       └── Town10HD.tar.gz
│   │   ├── ClearNight
│   │   │   ├── Town01
│   │   │   │   └── Town01.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── Town02
│   │   │   │   └── Town02.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── ...
│   │   │   └── Town10HD
│   │   │       └── Town10HD.tar.gz
│   │   ├── CloudyNoon
│   │   │   ├── Town01
│   │   │   │   └── Town01.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── Town02
│   │   │   │   └── Town02.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── ...
│   │   │   └── Town10HD
│   │   │       └── Town10HD.tar.gz
│   │   └── MidRainyNoon
│   │       ├── Town01
│   │       │   └── Town01.tar.gz
│   │       ├── Town02
│   │       │   └── Town02.tar.gz
│   │       ├── ...
│   │       └── Town10HD
│   │           └── Town10HD.tar.gz
│   ├── H_15_P_45
│   │   └── ...
│   ├── ...
│   └── H_60_P_90
│       └── ...
├── Instance (Instance Segmentation Annotations)
│   ├── H_35_P_45
│   │   └── ClearNoon
│   │       ├── Town01
│   │       │   └── Town01.tar.gz
│   │       ├── Town02
│   │       │   └── Town02.tar.gz
│   │       ├── ...
│   │       └── Town10HD
│   │           └── Town10HD.tar.gz
│   └── ...
├── Segment (Semantic Segmentation Annotations)
│   ├── H_15_P_0
│   │   ├── ClearNoon
│   │   │   ├── Town01
│   │   │   │   └── Town01.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── Town02
│   │   │   │   └── Town02.tar.gz
│   │   │   ├── ...
│   │   │   └── Town10HD
│   │   │       └── Town10HD.tar.gz
│   │   ├── H_15_P_45
│   │   │   └── ...
│   │   ├── ...
│   │   └── H_60_P_90
│   │       └── ...
│   └── ...
└── Depth (Depth Annotations)
    ├── H_35_P_45
    │   └── ClearNoon 
    │       ├── Town01
    │       │   └── Town01.tar.gz
    │       ├── Town02
    │       │   └── Town02.tar.gz
    │       ├── ...
    │       └── Town10HD
    │           └── Town10HD.tar.gz
    └── ...

Note: Since the same viewpoint is reproduced across each weather variation, hence ClearNoon annotations can be used for all images pertaining to the different weather variations.

Dataset Download

The dataset can be downloaded using wget. Since SkyScenes offers variations across different axes we enable different subsets for download that can aid in model sensitivity analysis across these axes.

Download instructions: wget

Example script for downloading different subsets of data using wget

#!/bin/bash
#Change here to download a specific Height and Pitch Variation, for example - H_15_P_0
# HP=('H_15_P_45' 'H_15_P_60' 'H_15_P_90')
HP=('H_15_P_0' 'H_15_P_45' 'H_15_P_60' 'H_15_P_90' 'H_35_P_0' 'H_35_P_45' 'H_35_P_60' 'H_35_P_90' 'H_60_P_0' 'H_60_P_45' 'H_60_P_60' 'H_60_P_90')

#Change here to download a specific weather subset, for example - ClearNoon
#Note - For Segment, Instance and Depth annotations this field should only have ClearNoon variation
# weather=('ClearNoon' 'ClearNight')
weather=('ClearNoon' 'ClearNight' 'ClearSunset' 'CloudyNoon' 'MidRainyNoon')

#Change here to download a specific Town subset, for example - Town07
layout=('Town01' 'Town02' 'Town03' 'Town04' 'Town05' 'Town06' 'Town07' 'Town10HD')

#Change here for any specific annotation, for example - https://huggingface.co/datasets/hoffman-lab/SkyScenes/resolve/main/Segment
base_url=('https://huggingface.co/datasets/hoffman-lab/SkyScenes/resolve/main/Images')

#Change here for base download folder
base_download_folder='SkyScenes'


for hp in "${HP[@]}"; do
  for w in "${weather[@]}"; do
      for t in "${layout[@]}"; do
        folder=$(echo "$base_url" | awk -F '/' '{print $(NF)}')
        download_url="${base_url}/${hp}/${w}/${t}/${t}.tar.gz"
        download_folder="${base_download_folder}/${folder}/${hp}/${w}/${t}"
        mkdir -p "$download_folder"
        echo "Downloading: $download_url"
        wget -P "$download_folder" "$download_url"
      done
  done
done

BibTex

If you find this work useful please like ❤️ our dataset repo and cite 📄 our paper. Thanks for your support!

  @misc{khose2023skyscenes,
      title={SkyScenes: A Synthetic Dataset for Aerial Scene Understanding}, 
      author={Sahil Khose and Anisha Pal and Aayushi Agarwal and Deepanshi and Judy Hoffman and Prithvijit Chattopadhyay},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2312.06719},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV}
}