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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Where was Agatha Christie born? | Context: Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon. Before marrying and starting a family in London, she had served in a Devon hospital during the First World War, tending to troops coming back from the trenches. She was initially an unsuccessful writer with six consecutive rejections,[4] but this changed when The Mysterious Affair at Styles, featuring Hercule Poirot, was published in 1920.[5] During the Second World War, she worked as a pharmacy assistant at University College Hospital, London, acquiring a good knowledge of poisons which feature in many of her novels. | Answer: ,

Torquay, Devon

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How big is Russia's military? | Context: The number of personnel is specified by decree of the President of Russia. On 1 January 2008, a number of 2,019,629 units, including military of 1,134,800 units, was set.[16] In 2010 the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) estimated that the Russian Armed Forces numbered about 1,027,000 active troops and in the region of 2,035,000 reserves (largely ex-conscripts).[17] As opposed to personnel specified by decree, actual personnel numbers on the payroll was reported by the Audit Chamber of Russia as 766,000 in October 2013.[18][19] As of December 2016, the armed forces are at 93 percent of the required manpower, up from 82 percent reported in December 2013.[20] | Answer: ,

1,027,000 active troops and in the region of 2,035,000 reserves

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How do you do a hangi? | Context: To "lay a hāngi" or "put down a hāngi" involves digging a pit in the ground, heating stones in the pit with a large fire, placing baskets of food on top of the stones, and covering everything with earth for several hours before uncovering (or lifting) the hāngi.[3] | Answer: ,

To "lay a hāngi" or "put down a hāngi" involves digging a pit in the ground, heating stones in the pit with a large fire, placing baskets of food on top of the stones, and covering everything with earth for several hours before uncovering (or lifting) the hāngi

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What are the most famous works by the poet Ovid? | Context: The first major Roman poet to begin his career during the reign of Augustus,[3] Ovid is today best known for the Metamorphoses, a 15-book continuous mythological narrative written in the meter of epic, and for works in elegiac couplets such as Ars Amatoria ("The Art of Love") and Fasti. His poetry was much imitated during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, and greatly influenced Western art and literature. The Metamorphoses remains one of the most important sources of classical mythology.[4] | Answer: ,

Metamorphoses, a 15-book continuous mythological narrative written in the meter of epic, and for works in elegiac couplets such as Ars Amatoria ("The Art of Love") and Fasti

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Where did Archduke Ferdinand get assassinated? | Context: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo when they were mortally wounded by Gavrilo Princip. Princip was one of a group of six assassins (five Serbs and one Bosniak) coordinated by Danilo Ilić, a Bosnian Serb and a member of the Black Hand secret society. The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's South Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia. The assassins' motives were consistent with the movement that later became known as Young Bosnia. The assassination led directly to the First World War when Austria-Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia, which was partially rejected. Austria-Hungary then declared war, triggering actions leading to war between most European states. | Answer: ,

28 June 1914

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How many autoimmune diseases are there? | Context: An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part.[1] There are at least 80 types of autoimmune diseases.[1] Nearly any body part can be involved.[3] Common symptoms include low grade fever and feeling tired.[1] Often symptoms come and go.[1] | Answer: ,

80

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Who discovered infrared light? | Context: Infrared radiation was discovered in 1800 by astronomer Sir William Herschel, who discovered a type of invisible radiation in the spectrum lower in energy than red light, by means of its effect on a thermometer.[6] Slightly more than half of the total energy from the Sun was eventually found to arrive on Earth in the form of infrared. The balance between absorbed and emitted infrared radiation has a critical effect on Earth's climate. | Answer: ,

William Herschel

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was the USS Arkansas (BB-33) built? | Context: USS Arkansas (BB-33) was a dreadnought battleship, the second member of the Wyoming</i>class, built by the United States Navy. She was the third ship of the US Navy named in honor of the 25th state, and was built by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation. She was laid down in January 1910, launched in January 1911, and commissioned into the Navy in September 1912. Arkansas was armed with a main battery of twelve 12-inch (305mm) guns and capable of a top speed of 20.5kn (38.0km/h; 23.6mph). | Answer: ,

in January

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How many episodes did Monk have? | Context: The following is a complete episode list for the criminal dramedy television series Monk. It premiered on the USA Network on July 12, 2002 in the United States and ended with a two-part series finale on November 27 and December 4, 2009. The complete series has a total of 125 episodes, including three 2-part episodes and four Christmas specials. | Answer: ,

125

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was the polio vaccine developed? | Context: The first polio vaccine was the inactivated polio vaccine.[1] It was developed by Jonas Salk and came into use in 1955.[1][6] The oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961.[1][7] They are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[8] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.25 per dose for the oral form as of 2014.[9] In the United States, it costs between $25 and $50 for the inactivated form.[10] | Answer: ,

1955

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is the weak atomic force? | Context: In particle physics, the weak interaction (the weak force or weak nuclear force) is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that causes radioactive decay and thus plays an essential role in nuclear fission. The theory of the weak interaction is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD), in analogy with the terms quantum chromodynamics (QCD) dealing with the strong interaction and quantum electrodynamics (QED) dealing with the electromagnetic force. However, the term QFD is rarely used because the weak force is best understood in terms of electroweak theory (EWT).[1] | Answer: ,

the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that causes radioactive decay and thus plays an essential role in nuclear fission

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is reality television? | Context: Reality television is a genre of television programming that documents supposedly unscripted real-life situations, and often features an otherwise unknown cast of individuals who are typically not professional actors. Reality television exploded as a phenomenon in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the global success of the series Survivor, Idols, and Big Brother.[1] These shows and a number of others (usually also competition-based) became global franchises, spawning local versions in dozens of countries. The genre has various standard tropes, including "confessionals", or interview segments, used by cast members to express their thoughts, which often double as the shows' narration. In competition-based reality shows, there are other common elements, such as one participant being eliminated per episode, a panel of judges, and the concept of immunity from elimination. | Answer: ,

a genre of television programming that documents supposedly unscripted real-life situations, and often features an otherwise unknown cast of individuals who are typically not professional actors

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What does the name Chalcolithic come from? | Context: The Chalcolithic (English: /ˌkælkəˈlɪθɪk/),[1] a name derived from the Greek: χαλκός khalkós, "copper" and from λίθος líthos, "stone"[1] or Copper Age,[1] also known as the Eneolithic[1] or Aeneolithic[2] (from Latin aeneus "of copper") is an archaeological period which researchers usually regard as part of the broader Neolithic (although scholars originally defined it as a transition between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age). In the context of Eastern Europe, archaeologists often prefer the term "Eneolithic" to "Chalcolithic" or other alternatives. | Answer: ,

from the Greek: χαλκός khalkós, "copper" and from λίθος líthos, "stone"[1] or Copper Age

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Why did US enter ww2? | Context: On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war was made by Adolf Hitler, apparently offhand, almost without consultation. Later that day, the United States declared war on Germany. | Answer: ,

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was the banksia coccinea first identified? | Context: The first known specimens of Banksia coccinea were collected in December 1801, during the visit to King George Sound of HMS Investigator under the command of Matthew Flinders. On board were botanist Robert Brown, botanical artist Ferdinand Bauer, and gardener Peter Good. All three men gathered plant specimens, but those collected by Bauer and Good were incorporated into Brown's herbarium without attribution, so it is not possible to identify the actual collector of this species.[9][10] The surviving specimen of B.coccinea, held by the Natural History Museum in London, is annotated in Brown's hand "King George IIIds Sound Princess Royal Harbour especially near the observatory".[11] The observatory was apparently located in what is now the central business district of Albany.[12] No further information on the collection is available, as the species is mentioned in neither Brown's nor Good's diary.[13][14] | Answer: ,

December 1801

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How is sentiment analysis measured? | Context: Opinion mining (sometimes known as sentiment analysis or emotion AI) refers to the use of natural language processing, text analysis, computational linguistics, and biometrics to systematically identify, extract, quantify, and study affective states and subjective information. Sentiment analysis is widely applied to voice of the customer materials such as reviews and survey responses, online and social media, and healthcare materials for applications that range from marketing to customer service to clinical medicine. | Answer: ,

voice of the customer materials such as reviews and survey responses, online and social media, and healthcare materials

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Who is the head of the Psychology department at Johns Hopkins University? | Context: Paul Rodney McHugh (born 1931) is an American psychiatrist, researcher, and educator. He is University Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine[1] and the author, co-author, or editor of seven books within his field. | Answer: ,

Paul Rodney McHugh

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How much does it cost to get a lie detector test done? | Context: In 2018, Wired magazine reported that an estimated 2.5 million polygraph tests given each year in the United States, with the majority administered to paramedics, police officers, firefighters, and state troopers. The average cost to administer the test is more than $700 and is part of a $2 billion industry.[46] | Answer: ,

more than $700

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What sport is played in the TT Pro League? | Context: The TT Pro League (formerly known as the Professional Football League) is the Trinidad and Tobago professional league for association football clubs. It is the country's primary football competition and serves as the top division in the Trinidad and Tobago football league system. Contested by ten clubs, the league is one of the world's few football leagues that does not operate on an automatic system of promotion and relegation. Seasons run from September to May, with teams playing 18 games each totaling 90 games in the season. Most games are played in the evenings of Fridays (Super Fridays) and Saturdays (Fiesta Saturdays), with a few games played during weekday evenings.[2] Pro League clubs also play in other competitions, such as the FA Trophy, League Cup, TOYOTA Classic, Goal Shield, and Pro Bowl against domestic clubs from other divisions; and against clubs from other countries in the CFU Club Championship, the CONCACAF League and the CONCACAF Champions League. | Answer: ,

Football

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What river passes through Madrid? | Context: The Manzanares (Spanish pronunciation:[manθaˈnaɾes]) is a river in central Spain, which flows from the Sierra de Guadarrama, passes through Madrid, and eventually empties into the Jarama river, which in turn is a tributary to the Tagus. | Answer: ,

Manzanares

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How old is the oldest operating steam locomotive? | Context: The Fairy Queen, also known as the East Indian Railway Nr. 22,[1] is an 1855-built steam locomotive, restored by Loco Works Perambur, Chennai in 1997 and housed at the Rewari Railway Heritage Museum. It occasionally runs between New Delhi and Alwar.[2] In 1998 it was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the world's oldest steam locomotive in regular service. The Fairy Queen runs on the same route as the Palace on Wheels, the tourist train launched in 1982, and in 1999 was awarded a National Tourism Award. | Answer: ,

Fairy Queen

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is the deepest point in the Mediterranean Sea? | Context: Calypso Deep, located in the Ionian Sea south-west of Pylos, Greece, is the deepest part of the Mediterranean Sea, with a maximum depth of 5,267m (17,280ft), at Coordinates: .[1][2] | Answer: ,

Calypso Deep

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How long does it take diamond to form from carbon? | Context: Most natural diamonds have ages between 1billion and 3.5billion years. Most were formed at depths between 150 and 250 kilometers (93 and 155mi) in the Earth's mantle, although a few have come from as deep as 800 kilometers (500mi). Under high pressure and temperature, carbon-containing fluids dissolved minerals and replaced them with diamonds. Much more recently (tens to hundreds of million years ago), they were carried to the surface in volcanic eruptions and deposited in igneous rocks known as kimberlites and lamproites. | Answer: ,

1billion and 3.5billion years

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was Warframe first released? | Context: Warframe is a free-to-play cooperative third-person shooter video game developed and published by Digital Extremes. Originally released for Microsoft Windows in March 2013, it was later ported to the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch. In Warframe, players control members of the Tenno, a race of ancient warriors who have awoken from centuries of cryosleep to find themselves at war in a planetary system with different factions. The Tenno use their powered Warframes along with powerful weapons and abilities to complete missions. While many of the game's missions use procedurally-generated levels, newer updates have included large open world areas similar to other massively multiplayer online games. The game includes elements of shooting and melee games, parkour, and role-playing to allow players to advance their Tenno character with improved gear. | Answer: ,

March 2013

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How much protein is in egg whites? | Context: Egg white is the clear liquid (also called the albumen or the glair/glaire) contained within an egg. In chickens it is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen's oviduct during the passage of the egg.[1] It forms around fertilized or unfertilized egg yolks. The primary natural purpose of egg white is to protect the yolk and provide additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo (when fertilized). Egg white consists primarily of about 90% water into which is dissolved about 10% proteins (including albumins, mucoproteins, and globulins). Unlike the yolk, which is high in lipids (fats), egg white contains almost no fat, and carbohydrate content is less than 1%. Egg whites contain about 56% of the protein in the egg. Egg white has many uses in food (e.g. meringue, mousse) and also many other uses (e.g. in the preparation of vaccines such as those for influenza[2]). | Answer: ,

10%

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When did the Catholic Church move to Rome? | Context: According to tradition, the history of the Catholic Church begins with Jesus Christ and his teachings (c. 4 BC – c. AD 30) and the Catholic Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by Jesus.[1] The Church considers its bishops to be the successors to Jesus's apostles and the Church's leader, the Bishop of Rome (also known as the Pope) to be the sole successor to Saint Peter,[2] who ministered in Rome in the first century AD, after his appointment by Jesus as head of the church.[3][4] By the end of the 2nd century, bishops began congregating in regional synods to resolve doctrinal and policy issues.[5] By the 3rd century, the bishop of Rome began to act as a court of appeals for problems that other bishops could not resolve.[6] | Answer: ,

first century AD

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How is the flamenco guitar different from a regular guitar? | Context: A flamenco guitar is a guitar similar to a classical guitar but with thinner tops and less internal bracing. It is used in toque, the guitar-playing part of the art of flamenco. | Answer: ,

thinner tops and less internal bracing

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was the Department of Defense Whistleblower Program first established? | Context: DoD's whistleblower program holds its origins in the Defense procurement scandals of the 1980s. Stories concerning overpriced spare parts and underperforming weapon systems dominated media headlines. Members of Congress concerned about those issues championed the cause of whistleblowers alleging they were reprised against for exposing procurement-related wrongdoing. In the years following, Congress has enacted, and amended, a series of laws aimed at protecting civilian appropriated-fund employees, military members, appropriated and nonappropriated fund employees, and Defense contractor employees from reprisal for engaging in whistleblowing activities.[6] | Answer: ,

1980s

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How many atoms are there in the average human being? | Context: The average 70kg (150lb) adult human body contains approximately 7×1027 atoms and contains at least detectable traces of 60 chemical elements.[4] About 29 of these elements are thought to play an active positive role in life and health in humans.[5] | Answer: ,

approximately 7×1027

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What was the longest dynasty in China's history? | Context: The Zhou dynasty (1046 BC to approximately 256 BC) is the longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history. By the end of the 2nd millennium BC, the Zhou dynasty began to emerge in the Yellow River valley, overrunning the territory of the Shang. The Zhou appeared to have begun their rule under a semi-feudal system. The Zhou lived west of the Shang, and the Zhou leader was appointed Western Protector by the Shang. The ruler of the Zhou, King Wu, with the assistance of his brother, the Duke of Zhou, as regent, managed to defeat the Shang at the Battle of Muye. | Answer: ,

Zhou dynasty

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was The Tale of Genji written? | Context: The Tale of Genji(源氏物語,Genji monogatari) is a classic work of Japanese literature written by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu in the early years of the 11th century. The original manuscript no longer exists. It was made in "concertina" or "orihon" style[1]: several sheets of paper pasted together and folded alternately in one direction then the other, around the peak of the Heian period. The work is a unique depiction of the lifestyles of high courtiers during the Heian period, written in archaic language and a poetic and confusing style that make it unreadable to the average Japanese without dedicated study.[2] It was not until the early 20th century that Genji was translated into modern Japanese, by the poet Akiko Yosano. The first English translation was attempted in 1882, but was of poor quality and incomplete. | Answer: ,

early years of the 11th century

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What protein structure is in egg whites? | Context: Ovalbumin is the most abundant protein in albumen. Classed as phosphoglycoprotein, during storage, it converts into s-ovalbumin (5% at the time of laying) and can reach up to 80% after six months of cold storage. Ovalbumin in solution is heat-resistant. Denaturation temperature is around 84°C, but it can be easily denatured by physical stresses. Conalbumin/ovotransferrin is a glycoprotein which has the capacity to bind the bi- and trivalent metal cations into a complex and is more heat sensitive than ovalbumin. At its isoelectric pH (6.5), it can bind two cations and assume a red or yellow color. These metal complexes are more heat stable than the native state. Ovomucoid is the major allergen from egg white and is a heat-resistant glycoprotein found to be a trypsin inhibitor. Lysozyme is a holoprotein which can lyse the wall of certain Gram-positive bacteria and is found at high levels in the chalaziferous layer and the chalazae which anchor the yolk towards the middle of the egg. Ovomucin is a glycoprotein which may contribute to the gel-like structure of thick albumen. The amount of ovomucin in the thick albumen is four times greater than in the thin albumen. | Answer: ,

Ovalbumin

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Who wrote the song "Let there be Peace on Earth"? | Context: "Let There Be Peace on Earth" is a song written by Jill Jackson-Miller and Sy Miller in 1955. It was initially written for and sung by the International Children's Choir created by Easter Beakly and Arthur Granger of the Granger Dance Academy in Long Beach, California. The song's composers led a number of rehearsals for the children's choir from 1955 to 1957, and the song continues to be the theme for this group of children who represent a host of nations and who sang in Washington, DC at the JW Marriott next to the White House in 2002.[1] | Answer: ,

Jill Jackson-Miller and Sy Miller

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Who discovered the NEDD9 gene? | Context: In 1992, Kumar, et al., first described a sequence tag corresponding to the NEDD9 3′ untranslated region based on the cloning of a group of genes predominantly expressed in the brain of embryonic, but not adult mice, a group of genes designated neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated.[2] In 1996, two groups independently described the complete sequence of the NEDD9 gene, and provided initial functional analysis of NEDD9 protein. Law et al. overexpressed a human cDNA library in S. cerevisiae, and screened for genes that simultaneously affected cell cycle and cell polarity controls, inducing a filamentous yeast budding phenotype, and thus identified the HEF1 protein (Human Enhancer of Filamentation 1).[3] This study identified HEF1/NEDD9 as an interactive partner for focal adhesion kinase (FAK), connecting it to integrin signaling. Separately, Minegishi et al. cloned the gene encoding a protein hyperphosphorylated following ligation of β1-integrins in T cells and hypothesized to play a role in the process of T cell costimulation, designating this gene Cas-L (Crk-associated substrate-related protein, Lymphocyte type).[4] | Answer: ,

Kumar

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How many volumes were in the first publication of the Encyclopedia Britannica? | Context: The Britannica is the English-language encyclopaedia/encyclopedia that was in print for the longest time: it lasted 244 years. It was first published between 1768 and 1771 in the Scottish capital of Edinburgh, as three volumes. (This first edition is available in facsimile.) The encyclopaedia grew in size: the second edition was 10 volumes, and by its fourth edition (1801–1810) it had expanded to 20 volumes. Its rising stature as a scholarly work helped recruit eminent contributors, and the 9th (1875–1889) and 11th editions (1911) are landmark encyclopaedias for scholarship and literary style. Beginning with the 11th edition and following its acquisition by an American firm, the Britannica shortened and simplified articles to broaden its appeal to the North American market. In 1933, the Britannica became the first encyclopaedia to adopt "continuous revision", in which the encyclopaedia is continually reprinted, with every article updated on a schedule. In March 2012, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. announced it would no longer publish printed editions, and would focus instead on Encyclopædia Britannica Online. | Answer: ,

three

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Where is the Animikie Group located? | Context: The Animikie Group is a geologic group composed of sedimentary and metasedimentary rock, having been originally deposited between 2,500 and 1,800 million years ago within the Animikie Basin. This group of formations is geographically divided into the Gunflint Range, the Mesabi and Vermilion ranges, and the Cuyuna Range. On the map, the Animikie Group is the dark gray northeast-trending belt which ranges from south-central Minnesota, U.S., up to Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. The Gunflint Iron Range is the linear black formation labeled G, the Mesabi Iron Range is the jagged black linear formation labeled F, and Cuyuna Iron Range is the two black spots labeled E. The gabbro of the Duluth Complex, intruded during the formation of the Midcontinent Rift, separates the Mesabi and Gunflint iron ranges; it is shown by the speckled area wrapping around the western end of Lake Superior. | Answer: ,

Animikie Basin

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How large is the area of the Animikie Group? | Context: The rocks of the Animikie Basin form a sequence up to 10km (6.2mi) thick and show a complete transition from a stable shelf environment to deep-water conditions.[2] Irregularities in the basement influenced the thickness of the sequence.[2] The 700km (430mi) by 400km (250mi) basin is an elongated oval parallel to and straddling the Great Lakes tectonic zone.[2] | Answer: ,

700km (430mi) by 400km (250mi)

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Where did the Cyrillic alphabet originate? | Context: The Cyrillic script /sɪˈrɪlɪk/ is a writing system used for various alphabets across Eurasia, particularly in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and North Asia. It is based on the Early Cyrillic alphabet developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire.[4][5][6] It is the basis of alphabets used in various languages, especially those of Orthodox Slavic origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. As of 2011, around 250 million people in Eurasia use it as the official alphabet for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them.[7] With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following Latin and Greek.[8] | Answer: ,

Preslav Literary School

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was the circuit breaker first developed? | Context: An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an 1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution system used fuses.[1] Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from accidental short circuits and overloads. A modern miniature circuit breaker similar to the ones now in use was patented by Brown, Boveri & Cie in 1924. Hugo Stotz, an engineer who had sold his company to BBC, was credited as the inventor on DRP (Deutsches Reichspatent) 458392.[2] Stotz's invention was the forerunner of the modern thermal-magnetic breaker commonly used in household load centers to this day. | Answer: ,

1924

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How many seasons did Everwood have? | Context: Everwood is an American television drama series that premiered on The WB on September 16, 2002. It ran for four seasons and ended on June 5, 2006 with 89 episodes produced. Each episode began with a traditional "previously on..." recap of prior events, which preceded the opening sequence, and most of the episodes were narrated by one character. The series' fourth and final season concluded with a two-hour finale. | Answer: ,

four

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was the first computer invented? | Context: Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the "father of the computer",[17] he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete.[18][19] | Answer: ,

early 19th century

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How many jackals still live in Europe? | Context: The European jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus), also known as the Caucasian jackal[2] or reed wolf[3] is a subspecies of golden jackal native to Southeast Europe, Asia Minor and the Caucasus. It was first described in 1833 by French naturalist Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire during the Morea expedition.[4] In Europe, there are an estimated 70,000 jackals.[5] Though mostly found in scattered populations within Eastern Europe, its range has grown to encompass parts of its former Eastern European range, as well as in Western Europe, which is thought to be attributable to a decline in grey wolf populations.[6][7][8] | Answer: ,

70,000

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How long is the Great Wall of China? | Context: The frontier walls built by different dynasties have multiple courses. Collectively, they stretch from Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, from present-day Sino-Russian border in the north to Qinghai in the south; along an arc that roughly delineates the edge of Mongolian steppe. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the walls built by the Ming dynasty measure 8,850km (5,500mi).[4] This is made up of 6,259km (3,889mi) sections of actual wall, 359km (223mi) of trenches and 2,232km (1,387mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.[4] Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures out to be 21,196km (13,171mi).[5] Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.[6] | Answer: ,

21,196km

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How long did David Sharp live for? | Context: David Sharp (15 February 1972 – 15 May 2006) was an English mountaineer who died near the summit of Mount Everest.[3] His death caused controversy and debate, because he was passed by a number of other climbers heading to and returning from the summit as he was dying,[2][4] although a number of others did try to help him.[2] | Answer: ,

15 February 1972 – 15 May 2006

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What families were central during The War of the Roses? | Context: The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with a red rose, and the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose. Eventually, the wars eliminated the male lines of both families. The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487, but there was related fighting before and after this period between the parties. The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years' War, unfolding the structural problems of feudalism, combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of King Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York's claim to the throne. Historians disagree on which of these factors to identify as the main reason for the wars.[5] | Answer: ,

House of Lancaster, associated with a red rose, and the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Where did the Meiji Restoration take place? | Context: The Meiji Restoration(明治維新,Meiji Ishin), also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan. | Answer: ,

1868

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How many died building the Eiffel Tower? | Context: At first the legs were constructed as cantilevers, but about halfway to the first level, construction was paused in order to create a substantial timber scaffold. This renewed concerns about the structural integrity of the tower, and sensational headlines such as "Eiffel Suicide!" and "Gustave Eiffel Has Gone Mad: He Has Been Confined in an Asylum" appeared in the tabloid press.[18] At this stage, a small "creeper" crane designed to move up the tower was installed in each leg. They made use of the guides for the lifts which were to be fitted in the four legs. The critical stage of joining the legs at the first level was completed by the end of March 1888.[15] Although the metalwork had been prepared with the utmost attention to detail, provision had been made to carry out small adjustments in order to precisely align the legs; hydraulic jacks were fitted to the shoes at the base of each leg, capable of exerting a force of 800 tonnes, and the legs were intentionally constructed at a slightly steeper angle than necessary, being supported by sandboxes on the scaffold. Although construction involved 300 on-site employees,[15] only one person died, due to Eiffel's safety precautions and the use of movable gangways, guardrails and screens.[19] | Answer: ,

one

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What was the first anime series created by Katsura Hoshino? | Context: Katsura Hoshino(星野 桂,Hoshino Katsura, born April 21, 1980) is a Japanese manga artist from Shiga Prefecture. She made her debut in July 2003 with the publication of her first manga series Continue and is known for her work, D.Gray-man, which began serialization in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump in May 2004. She most recently designed characters for the 2013 Sunrise anime, Valvrave the Liberator, making it her first original work on an anime. | Answer: ,

Valvrave the Liberator

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How big can a black wildebeest get? | Context: Both species of wildebeest are even-toed, horned, greyish-brown ungulates resembling cattle. Males are larger than females and both have heavy forequarters compared to their hindquarters. They have broad muzzles, Roman noses, and shaggy manes and tails.[25] The most striking morphological differences between the black and blue wildebeest are the orientation and curvature of their horns and the color of their coats. The blue wildebeest is the bigger of the two species. In males, blue wildebeest stand 150cm tall at the shoulder and weigh around 250kg, while the black wildebeest stands 111 to 120cm tall[26] and weighs about 180kg. In females, blue wildebeest have a shoulder height of 135cm and weigh 180kg while black wildebeest females stand 108cm at the shoulder and weigh 155kg. The horns of blue wildebeest protrude to the side, then curve downwards before curving up back towards the skull, while the horns of the black wildebeest curve forward then downward before curving upwards at the tips. Blue wildebeest tend to be a dark grey color with stripes, but may have a bluish sheen. The black wildebeest has brown-coloured hair, with a mane that ranges in color from cream to black, and a cream-coloured tail. The blue wildebeest lives in a wide variety of habitats, including woodlands and grasslands, while the black wildebeest tends to reside exclusively in open grassland areas.[18] In some areas, the blue wildebeest migrates over long distances in the winter, whereas the black wildebeest does not.[27] The milk of the female black wildebeest contains a higher protein, lower fat, and lower lactose content than the milk of the blue wildebeest.[28] Wildebeest can live more than 40 years, though their average lifespan is around 20 years.[29] | Answer: ,

111 to 120cm tall

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How long did it take to construct the Colosseum? | Context: The Colosseum or Coliseum (/kɒləˈsiːəm/ kol-ə-SEE-əm), also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium; Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio [aŋfiteˈaːtro ˈflaːvjo] or Colosseo [kolosˈsɛːo]), is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of travertine, tuff, and brick-faced concrete,[1] it is the largest amphitheatre ever built. The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in AD 72,[2] and was completed in AD 80 under his successor and heir Titus.[3] Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96).[4] These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named in Latin for its association with their family name (Flavius). | Answer: ,

AD 72,[2] and was completed in AD 80

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What were Józef Stanisław Łobodowski's political leanings? | Context: His poetic works are broadly divided into two distinct phases: the earlier one, until about 1934, in which he was sometimes identified as "the last of the Skamandrites",[6] and the second phase beginning about 1935, marked by the pessimistic and tragic colouring associated with the newly nascent current in Polish poetry known as katastrofizm (catastrophism). The evolution of his political thought, from the radical left to radical anticommunism, broadly paralleled the trajectory of his poetic oeuvre. | Answer: ,

from the radical left to radical anticommunism

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When did Lou Gehrig live? | Context: Henry Louis Gehrig, (born Heinrich Ludwig Gehrig[1] June 19, 1903–June 2, 1941), nicknamed "the Iron Horse", was an American baseball first baseman who played his entire professional career (17 seasons) in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, from 1923 until 1939. Gehrig was renowned for his prowess as a hitter and for his durability, which earned him his nickname "the Iron Horse." He was an All-Star seven consecutive times,[2] a Triple Crown winner once,[3] an American League (AL) Most Valuable Player twice,[3] and a member of six World Series champion teams. He had a career .340 batting average, .632 slugging average, and a .447 on base average. He hit 493 home runs and had 1,995 runs batted in (RBI). In 1939, he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame[4] and was the first MLB player to have his uniform number (4) retired by a team. | Answer: ,

June 19, 1903–June 2, 1941

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was the surrender of Japan signed? | Context: The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was incapable of conducting major operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent. Together with the British Empire and China, the United States called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945—the alternative being "prompt and utter destruction". While publicly stating their intent to fight on to the bitter end, Japan's leaders (the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War, also known as the "Big Six") were privately making entreaties to the still-neutral Soviet Union to mediate peace on terms more favorable to the Japanese. Meanwhile, the Soviets were preparing to attack Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea (in addition to South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands) in fulfillment of promises they had secretly made to the United States and the United Kingdom at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences. | Answer: ,

September 2, 1945

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was the Big Bang theory first introduced? | Context: In his 1225 treatise De Luce (On Light), English theologian Robert Grosseteste explored the nature of matter and the cosmos. He described the birth of the universe in an explosion and the crystallization of matter to form stars and planets in a set of nested spheres around Earth. De Luce is the first attempt to describe the heavens and Earth using a single set of physical laws.[3] | Answer: ,

1225

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What language is spoken in Peru? | Context: Peru is a multilingual nation. Its official language is Spanish. In the zones in which they are predominant, Quechua, Aymara and other aboriginal languages also have co-official status according to Article 48 of the Constitution of Peru.[1] In addition to Spanish, Quechua and Aymara, there are many Amazonian languages such as Urarina,[2] Aguaruna and Peruvian Sign Language. | Answer: ,

Spanish

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What do you call a person who conducts surveys? | Context: Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, locations, such as building corners or the surface location of subsurface features, or other purposes required by government or civil law, such as property sales. | Answer: ,

surveyor

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What's the mass of Canis Major? | Context: VY CMa is a single star with a large infrared (IR) excess, making it one of the brightest objects in the sky at wavelengths of between 5 and 20 microns (µm) and indicating a dust shell or disk heated by the star.[14][15] It is about 17±8 times the mass of the Sun (M☉). It is also surrounded by a complex asymmetric circumstellar envelope (CSE) caused by mass loss from the star itself. It produces strong molecular maser emission and was one of the first radio masers discovered. VY CMa is embedded within the large molecular cloud Sharpless 310 (Sh2-310), one of the largest star-forming HII regions with a diameter of 480 arcminutes (') or 681ly (209pc).[16][17] | Answer: ,

17±8 times the mass of the Sun

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What structures are responsible for respiration in plants? | Context: A lenticel is a porous tissue consisting of cells with large intercellular spaces in the periderm of the secondarily thickened organs and the bark of woody stems and roots of dicotyledonous flowering plants.[2] It functions as a pore, providing a pathway for the direct exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere through the bark, which is otherwise impermeable to gases. The name lenticel, pronounced with an [s], derives from its lenticular (lens-like) shape.[3] The shape of lenticels is one of the characteristics used for tree identification.[4] | Answer: ,

lenticel

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How many U.S. slaves were freed following emancipation? | Context: The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. It changed the federal legal status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the designated areas of the South from slave to free. As soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the former slave became free. Ultimately, the rebel surrender liberated and resulted in the proclamation's application to all of the designated former slaves. It did not cover slaves in Union areas that were freed by state action (or three years later by the 13th amendment in December 1865). It was issued as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States.[2] | Answer: ,

3.5 million

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When did JFK make his famous speech? | Context: The inauguration of John F. Kennedy as the 35th President of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1961 at the eastern portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The inauguration marked the commencement of John F. Kennedy's only term as President and of Lyndon B. Johnson's only term as Vice President. Kennedy was assassinated 2years, 306days into this term, and Johnson succeeded to the presidency. | Answer: ,

January 20, 1961

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Who is Patriarch Kirill? | Context: Kirill or Cyril (Russian: Кирилл, Church Slavonic: Ст҃ѣ́йшїй патрїа́рхъ кѷрі́ллъ, secular name Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyayev, Russian: Владимир Михайлович Гундяев; born 20 November 1946) is a Russian Orthodox bishop. He became Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' and Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church on 1 February 2009. | Answer: ,

a Russian Orthodox bishop

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is the largest tributary of the Hudson River? | Context: The Hudson then flows south, taking in Beaver Brook and the outlet of Lake Harris. After its confluence with the Indian River, the Hudson forms the boundary between Essex and Hamilton counties. In the hamlet of North River, the Hudson flows entirely in Warren County and takes in the Schroon River. Further south, the river forms the boundary between Warren and Saratoga Counties. The river then takes in the Sacandaga River from the Great Sacandaga Lake. Shortly thereafter, the river leaves the Adirondack Park, flows under Interstate 87, and through Glens Falls, just south of Lake George although receiving no streamflow from the lake. It next goes through Hudson Falls. At this point the river forms the boundary between Washington and Saratoga Counties.[10] Here the river has an elevation of 200 feet (61m).[6] Just south in Fort Edward, the river reaches its confluence with the Champlain Canal,[10] which historically provided boat traffic between New York City and Montreal and the rest of Eastern Canada via the Hudson, Lake Champlain and the Saint Lawrence Seaway.[16] Further south the Hudson takes in water from the Batten Kill River and Fish Creek near Schuylerville. The river then forms the boundary between Saratoga and Rensselaer counties. The river then enters the heart of the Capital District. It takes in water from the Hoosic River, which extends into Massachusetts. Shortly thereafter the river has its confluence with the Mohawk River, the largest tributary of the Hudson River, in Waterford.[6][10] The river then reaches the Federal Dam in Troy, marking an impoundment of the river.[10] At an elevation of 2 feet (0.61m), the bottom of the dam marks the beginning of the tidal influence in the Hudson as well as the beginning of the lower Hudson River.[6] | Answer: ,

Mohawk River

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is the population of Oslo? | Context: As of 1 July 2017, the municipality of Oslo had a population of 672,061, while the population of the city's urban area of 3 December 2018 was 1,000,467.[4][13] The metropolitan area had an estimated population of 1.71 million.[14] The population was increasing at record rates during the early 2000s, making it the fastest growing major city in Europe at the time.[15] This growth stems for the most part from international immigration and related high birth rates, but also from intra-national migration. The immigrant population in the city is growing somewhat faster than the Norwegian population,[16] and in the city proper this is now more than 25% of the total if people with immigrant parents are included.[17] | Answer: ,

the municipality of Oslo had a population of 672,061, while the population of the city's urban area of 3 December 2018 was 1,000,467

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Who developed the first DNA test? | Context: The process of DNA profiling was developed in the United Kingdom in 1984[5] by geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys[6][7][8][9] while working in the Department of Genetics at the University of Leicester.[10] | Answer: ,

Sir Alec Jeffreys

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How big is the Republic of Cameroon? | Context: At 475,442 square kilometres (183,569sqmi), Cameroon is the world's 53rd-largest country.[82] It is slightly larger than the nation of Sweden and the state of California; Cameroon is comparable in size to Papua New Guinea. The country is located in Central and West Africa, known as the hinge of Africa, on the Bight of Bonny, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean.[83] Cameroon lies between latitudes 1° and 13°N, and longitudes 8° and 17°E. Cameroon controls 12 nautical miles of the Atlantic Ocean. | Answer: ,

475,442 square kilometres

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Who was the last king of France? | Context: Louis XVI (French pronunciation:​[lwi sɛːz]; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as Citizen Louis Capet during the four months before he was guillotined. In 1765, at the death of his father, Louis, son and heir apparent of Louis XV, Louis-Auguste became the new Dauphin of France. Upon his grandfather's death on 10 May 1774, he assumed the title "King of France and Navarre", which he used until 4 September 1791, when he received the title of "King of the French" until the monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792. | Answer: ,

Louis XVI

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What are the major languages spoken in China? | Context: The languages of China are the languages that are spoken in China. The predominant language in China, which is divided into seven major language groups (classified as dialects by the Chinese government for political reasons), is known as Hanyu (simplified Chinese:汉语; traditional Chinese:漢語; pinyin:Hànyǔ) and its study is considered a distinct academic discipline in China.[5] Hanyu, or Han language, spans eight primary varieties, that differ from each other morphologically and phonetically to such a degree that they will often be mutually unintelligible, similarly to English and German or Danish. The languages most studied and supported by the state include Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang. China has 299 living languages listed at Ethnologue.[6] According to the 2010 edition of the Nationalencyklopedin, 955 million out of China's then-population of 1.34 billion spoke some variety of Mandarin Chinese as their first language, accounting for 71% of the country's population.[7] | Answer: ,

Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How many people were injured during Zion Square assault? | Context: The Zion Square assault, also described by Israeli police,[1] the judge who passed sentence,[2] Israeli and foreign media as a 'lynch' or 'attempted lynch(ing)',[3][4][5][6][7] was an attack by Israeli youths against four Palestinian teenagers that took place on the night of 16–17 August 2012 at Zion Square in Jerusalem. The four were chased by 10–15 teenagers and a 17-year-old Palestinian boy Jamal Julani was beaten unconscious and subsequently found to be in a critical condition.[8][9][10][11] | Answer: ,

four

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Where do kangaroos live? | Context: The kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods, meaning "large foot"). In common use the term is used to describe the largest species from this family, especially those of the genus Macropus: the red kangaroo, antilopine kangaroo, eastern grey kangaroo, and western grey kangaroo.[1] Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia. The Australian government estimates that 34.3 million kangaroos lived within the commercial harvest areas of Australia in 2011, up from 25.1 million one year earlier.[2] | Answer: ,

Australia

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When did Stephen Todd Alford become head coach at UCLA? | Context: On March 30, 2013, Alford signed a seven-year, $18.2-million contract to become the head coach of the UCLA Bruins,[7] joining a program that has won a record 11 national titles.[11] He replaced the fired Ben Howland, who was coming off a blowout loss in the first round of the 2013 NCAA Tournament after UCLA had captured the Pac-12 Conference regular season title with a new up-tempo offense. Overall, he won four conference titles and reached the Final Four three straight times (2006–2008) with the Bruins.[12][13] Alford had a 5-7 NCAA Tournament record,[14] and had only advanced his teams beyond the first weekend of the tournament once before, when he led his Cinderella squad from Southwest Missouri State to the Sweet 16 in 1999.[7] UCLA tasked Alford with reviving their offense, connecting with a new generation of players, and rejuvenating its fan base.[7][11] He accepted the UCLA position just three days after he had signed a 10-year extension at New Mexico.[15] At UCLA's introductory news conference, Alford was questioned about his handling of Pierce in Iowa, and he stated that he did "everything that [he] was told to do."[8] Criticism grew over his hiring, especially over his handling of Pierce. Two weeks after his hiring, Alford apologized for declaring Pierce's innocence "before the legal system had run its course. This was inappropriate, insensitive and hurtful, especially to the young female victim involved, and I apologize for that."[8] | Answer: ,

March 30, 2013

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Where is Transoxiana? | Context: Transoxiana (also spelled Transoxania), known in Arabic sources as Mā warāʼ an-Nahr (Arabic: ما وراء النهر‎ Arabic pronunciation:[ˈmaː waˈraːʔ anˈnahr] – 'what [is] beyond the [Oxus] river') and in Persian as Farārūd (Persian: فرارود‎, Persian pronunciation:[fæɾɒːɾuːd]—'beyond the [Amudarya] river'), is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan, and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya (Ancient Greek: Ώξος Ốxos) and Syr Darya rivers.[1] The area had been known to the ancient Iranians as Turan, a term used in the Persian national epic Shahnameh,[2] and to the Romans as Transoxania (Land beyond the Oxus). The Arabic term Mā warāʼ an-Nahr (Land Beyond the River) passed into Persian literary usage and stayed on until post-Mongol times.[3] | Answer: ,

Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan, and southwest Kazakhstan

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is a haplogroup? | Context: A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent,[1][2] and a haplogroup (haploid from the Greek: ἁπλούς, haploûs, "onefold, simple" and English: group) is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation.[3][4] More specifically, a haplogroup is a combination of alleles at different chromosomes regions that are closely linked and that tend to be inherited together. As a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, it is usually possible to predict a haplogroup from haplotypes. Haplogroups pertain to a single line of descent. As such, membership of a haplogroup, by any individual, relies on a relatively small proportion of the genetic material possessed by that individual. | Answer: ,

a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What UK network aired Sharon Osbourne's Charm School? | Context: Charm School is a reality television series airing on VH1; it is a spin-off of Flavor of Love created by executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin. The first season, called Flavor of Love Girls: Charm School, is hosted by comedian Mo'Nique and features thirteen contestants from the first two seasons of Flavor of Love. The second season, called Rock of Love: Charm School, is hosted by Sharon Osbourne and features fourteen contestants from the first two seasons of Rock of Love with Bret Michaels. The third season, called Charm School with Ricki Lake, is hosted by Ricki Lake and features contestants from Rock of Love Bus with Bret Michaels and Real Chance of Love. The show ostensibly acts as a finishing school for its contestants that helps develop proper etiquette. Season 1 offered a prize of $50,000, while Seasons 2 and 3 doubled the amount to $100,000. All three seasons offered the title of "Charm School Queen." | Answer: ,

VH1

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How much electricity is in a lightning bolt? | Context: Since the late 1980s, there have been several attempts to investigate the possibility of harvesting lightning energy. A single bolt of lightning carries a relatively large amount of energy (approximately 5 billion joules[1] or about the energy stored in 145 litres of petrol). However, this energy is concentrated in a small location and is passed during an extremely short period of time (microseconds[2]); therefore, extremely high electrical power is involved.[3] 5 billion joules over 10 microseconds is equal to 5×1014 (or 500 trillion) watts. Because lightning bolts vary in voltage and current, a more average calculation would be 1×1010 (or 10 billion) watts.[4] It has been proposed that the energy contained in lightning be used to generate hydrogen from water, to harness the energy from rapid heating of water due to lightning,[5] or to use a group of lightning arresters to harness a strike, either directly or by converting it to heat or mechanical energy,[6] or to use inductors spaced far enough away so that a safe fraction of the energy might be captured.[7] | Answer: ,

approximately 5 billion joules

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When was Robert Downey Jr. born? | Context: Robert John Downey Jr. (born April 4, 1965)[2] is an American actor and singer. His career has included critical and popular success in his youth, followed by a period of substance abuse and legal difficulties, and a resurgence of commercial success in middle age. For three consecutive years from 2012 to 2015, Downey topped the Forbes list of Hollywood's highest-paid actors, making an estimated $80million in earnings between June 2014 and June 2015.[3][4] | Answer: ,

April 4, 1965

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Where is Tufts University? | Context: Tufts University is a private research university in Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts. A charter member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC), Tufts College was founded in 1852 by Christian universalists who worked for years to open a nonsectarian institution of higher learning.[6] For more than a century, Tufts was a small New England liberal arts college until its transformation into a larger research university in the 1970s.[7] The university emphasizes active citizenship and public service in all of its disciplines,[8] and is known for its internationalism and study abroad programs.[9] From a nationwide perspective, U.S. News & World Report categorizes Tufts as "most selective," which is the highest degree of selectivity the magazine offers.[10] In addition, Tufts is considered one of the Hidden Ivies of the Northeastern United States. | Answer: ,

Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts

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Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Where did Operation Anaconda take place? | Context: Operation Anaconda took place in early March 2002. CIA paramilitary officers, working with their allies, attempted to destroy al-Qaeda and Taliban forces. The operation took place in the Shahi-Kot Valley and Arma Mountains southeast of Zormat.[5] This operation was the first large-scale battle in the post-2001 War in Afghanistan since the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001. This was the first operation in the Afghanistan theater to involve a large number of U.S. conventional (i.e. non-Special Operations Forces) forces participating in direct combat activities. | Answer: ,

early March 2002

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is an estuary? | Context: An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.[1] | Answer: ,

partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is considered the first reality TV show? | Context: Television formats portraying ordinary people in unscripted situations are almost as old as the television medium itself. Producer-host Allen Funt's Candid Camera, in which unsuspecting people were confronted with funny, unusual situations and filmed with hidden cameras, first aired in 1948, and is often seen as a prototype of reality television programming.[2][3] | Answer: ,

Candid Camera

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: Why is he called Mega man? | Context: Although originally the names "Mighty Kid", "Knuckle Kid", and "Rainbow Battle Kid" were proposed, Capcom eventually settled on "Rockman" as Mega Man's Japanese moniker. The word "Rock" in Rockman is a reference to the music genre rock and roll, and is meant to work in tandem with his sister robot, Roll. However, Capcom Consumer Products Division president Joe Morici changed the name from Rockman to Mega Man because he felt "The title was horrible."[6] In addition, the original Mega Man titles intentionally incorporated a "Rock, Paper, Scissors" gameplay mechanic into defeating certain enemies.[3][7] The pixel art for the character was created by the designer of the original game in the series, Akira Kitamura (credited under the pseudonym "A.K"),[8] and later turned into a refined illustration by Keiji Inafune.[2][9][10] Kitamura originally intended Mega Man to be colored white, but instead settled on blue to make his animations more clear. Mega Man's design had a lot of little influences from various manga, anime, and tokusatsu shows, specifically Ninja Captor.[11] | Answer: ,

president Joe Morici changed the name from Rockman to Mega Man because he felt "The title was horrible

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is the current population of Shanghai? | Context: Shanghai (Chinese:上海, Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂâŋ.xài](listen), Wu pronunciation:[zɑ̃.hɛ](listen)) is one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of the central government of the People's Republic of China, the largest city in China by population, and the second most populous city proper in the world, with a population of 24.18 million as of 2017.[13][14] It is a global financial centre[15] and transport hub, with the world's busiest container port.[16] Located in the Yangtze River Delta, it sits on the south edge of the estuary of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the East China coast. The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north, south and west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.[17] | Answer: ,

24.18 million

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What's the average income in West Virginia? | Context: West Virginia is the second-poorest state in the United States of America, with a per capita income of $23,450 (2015).[1] | Answer: ,

23,450

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How often do LSAT tests take place? | Context: The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) is a half-day standardized test administered six times each year at designated testing centers throughout the world. The Law School Admission Council (LSAC) administers the LSAT for prospective law school candidates. It is designed to assess reading comprehension as well as logical and verbal reasoning proficiency.[8] The test is an integral part of the law school admission process in the United States, Canada (common law programs only), the University of Melbourne, Australia,[9][10] and a growing number of other countries. | Answer: ,

six times each year

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: How much does a bushel of barley weigh? | Context: Oats: US: 32lb[4] (14.5150kg) Canada: 34lb[5] (15.4221kg) Barley: 48lb[4] (21.7724kg) Malted barley: 34lb (15.4221kg) Shelled maize (corn) at 15.5% moisture by weight: 56lb[4] (25.4012kg) Wheat at 13.5% moisture by weight: 60lb[4] (27.2155kg) Soybeans at 13% moisture by weight: 60lb[6] (27.2kg) | Answer: ,

48lb

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: What is the most common first word by babies? | Context: Infants begin to understand words such as "Mommy", "Daddy", "hands" and "feet" when they are approximately 6 months old.[1][2] Initially, these words refer to their own mother or father or hands or feet. Infants begin to produce their first words when they are approximately one year old.[3][4] Infants' first words are normally used in reference to things that are of importance to them, such as objects, body parts, people, and relevant actions. Also, the first words that infants produce are mostly single-syllabic or repeated single syllables, such as "no" and "dada".[4] By 12 to 18 months of age, children's vocabularies often contain words such as "kitty", "bottle", "doll", "car" and "eye". Children's understanding of names for objects and people usually precedes their understanding of words that describe actions and relationships. "One" and "two" are the first number words that children learn between the ages of one and two.[5] Infants must be able to hear and play with sounds in their environment, and to break up various phonetic units to discover words and their related meanings. | Answer: ,

single-syllabic or repeated single syllables, such as "no" and "dada"

english

Answer the question based on the given context. | Question: When did the Bundaberg Central State School become a heritage-listed site? | Context: Bundaberg Central State School is a heritage-listed state school at 13 Crofton Street, Bundaberg Central, Bundaberg, Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Robert and John Ferguson and the Queensland Department of Public Works and built in 1890 by William Calvert. It is also known as Bundaberg South State School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 November 2014.[1] | Answer: ,

28 November 2014

english