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• In the text, some special activities are presented as box items: ‘think and discuss, let us do,

conduct interview, prepare report, display in wall magazine, participate in Theatre Day, do

field observation, organize special days’. To perform all of them is compulsory.

• The abbreviation (A.S.) given at the end of each question in the section “Improve your

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learning” indicates academic standard.

• Collect information of relevant website addresses and pass on to students so that they can

utilize internet services for learning science on their own.

• Plan and execute activities like science club, elocution, drawing, writing poetry on science,

making models etc.to develop positive attitude among children about environment,

biodiversity, ecological balance etc.

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 • As a part of continuous comprehensive evaluation, observe and record children’s

learning abilities during various activities conducted in classroom, laboratory and field.

• Teaching learning strategies and the expected learning outcomes, have been developed

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class wise and subject-wise based on the syllabus and compiled in the form of a

Hand book to guide the teachers and were supplied to all the schools. With the help of

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this Hand book the teachers are expected to conduct effective teaching learning

processes and ensure that all the students attain the expected learning outcomes.

We believe, you must have realized that the learning of science and scientific thinking

are not mere drilling of the lessons but, in fact, a valuable exercise in motivating the

children to explore for solutions to the problems systematically and preparing them to

meet life’s challenges properly.

NG

Dear Students...

Learning science does not mean scoring good marks in the subject. Competencies

like thinking logically and working systematically, learned through it,have to be practiced

in daily life. To achieve this, instead of memorizing the scientific theories by rote, one

must be able to study them analytically. That means, in order to understand the concepts

of science, you need to proceed by discussing, describing, conducting experiments to

verify, making observations, confirming with your own ideas and drawing conclusions.

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This textbook helps you to learn in that way.

What you need to do to achieve such things:

• In 10th class the range of concepts is wide. So go through each lesson thoroughly

before the teacher actually deals with it.

• Note down the points you came across so that you can grasp the lesson better.

TE

• Think of the principles in the lesson. Identify the concepts you need to know further,

to understand the lesson in depth.

• Do not hesitate to discuss analytically about the questions given under the sub-heading

‘Think and Discuss’ with your friends or teachers.

• You may get some doubts while conducting an experiment or discussing about a

lesson. Express them freely and clearly.

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• Plan to implement experiment/lab periods together with teachers, to understand the

concepts clearly. While learning through the experiments you may come to know

many more things.

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• Observe how each lesson is helpful to conserve nature. Put what you learnt into practice.

• Analyse how each teaching point has relation with daily life and discuss the things

you learned in your science class with farmers, artisans etc.

• Work as a group during interviews and field trips. Preparing reports and displaying

them is a must. Discuss on the report prepared.

• List out the observations regarding each lesson to be carried through internet, school

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library and laboratory.

• Whether in note book or exams, write analytically, expressing your own opinions.

• Read books related to your text book, as many as you can.

• You organize yourself the Science Club programs in your school.

• Observe problems faced by the people in your locality and find out what solutions

you can suggest through your science classroom.

Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 vii

 ACADEMIC STANDARDS