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https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3129&end=3135 | But he makes himself a kind of cultural icon, | english | 3,129.72 | 3,134.36 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3134&end=3139 | a political force in defining the struggle against communism | english | 3,134.36 | 3,138.56 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3141&end=3147 | So to Hoover, it is not only a matter of espionage | english | 3,141.2 | 3,146.36 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3146&end=3150 | or of containing the role of the Communist Party, | english | 3,146.36 | 3,149.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3152&end=3157 | as an existential struggle that involves every person | english | 3,152.16 | 3,156.68 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3156&end=3161 | in the United States and that is constantly being fought out | english | 3,156.68 | 3,160.64 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3163&end=3168 | from universities to public schools to churches | english | 3,163.4 | 3,167.6 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3172&end=3178 | from race relations to religion to family structure | english | 3,172.24 | 3,177.84 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3182&end=3186 | of technical investigations on the one hand. | english | 3,182.08 | 3,185.14 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3187&end=3193 | a whole series of books, articles, films, | english | 3,187.98 | 3,192.62 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3192&end=3197 | framing the communist question in very dramatic, | english | 3,192.62 | 3,196.7 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3199&end=3203 | A couple of other things to note about this period. | english | 3,199.62 | 3,202.62 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3204&end=3210 | begins to work very closely with congressional committees, especially committees like | english | 3,204.38 | 3,209.6 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3209&end=3215 | the House Committee on American Activities, the Senate Internal Security | english | 3,209.6 | 3,214.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3214&end=3220 | Subcommittee, congressional committees that are involved in the kind of work | english | 3,214.48 | 3,219.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3219&end=3228 | that he cares about. One of my favorite chapters in the book is about his starting in the 1940s | english | 3,219.4 | 3,227.44 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3227&end=3232 | as a variety of these committees need professional staff | english | 3,227.44 | 3,231.36 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3231&end=3235 | to agree to start staffing them with FBI agents. | english | 3,231.36 | 3,235 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3235&end=3241 | And so he gets this very dramatic inroad into Congress. | english | 3,235 | 3,240.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3246&end=3251 | he has access to lots of information, lots of influence, | english | 3,246.64 | 3,250.6 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3250&end=3254 | and lots of important ties to Congress. | english | 3,250.6 | 3,253.76 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3253&end=3258 | Just one symbol of his bureaucratic skill. | english | 3,253.76 | 3,257.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3257&end=3261 | This is Hoover testifying in front of Congress | english | 3,257.48 | 3,260.52 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3260&end=3266 | in 1953 in the Harry Dexter White spy case. | english | 3,260.52 | 3,265.46 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3265&end=3270 | The other is his relationship to Joseph McCarthy. | english | 3,265.46 | 3,269.9 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3269&end=3276 | So this is a photo of a vacation photo with Hoover and Tolson. | english | 3,269.9 | 3,275.6 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3275&end=3279 | Let's see, Hoover's over here on my left. | english | 3,275.6 | 3,278.86 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3278&end=3283 | Tolson is the second one from the right there. | english | 3,278.86 | 3,282.1 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3286&end=3293 | together out in California. In some ways they are social friends. They obviously share a set of | english | 3,286.16 | 3,292.96 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3292&end=3300 | anti-communist commitments. But what was more interesting to me were the ways in which Hoover | english | 3,292.96 | 3,299.52 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3299&end=3308 | and McCarthy ultimately diverge. Hoover becomes seen popularly in the White House as well as | english | 3,299.52 | 3,307.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3307&end=3314 | among liberals as the more responsible alternative to Joe McCarthy who ends up | english | 3,307.08 | 3,313.6 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3313&end=3320 | depicted as the kind of demagogue, the loose cannon, the liar. So in our minds I | english | 3,313.6 | 3,319.72 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3319&end=3325 | think these two are often kind of conflated together but in the politics | english | 3,319.72 | 3,324.32 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3325&end=3330 | they were seen as very different sorts of figures. | english | 3,325.88 | 3,329.2 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3329&end=3333 | And in fact, it's Hoover that many liberals end up | english | 3,329.2 | 3,332.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3332&end=3339 | rallying behind as sort of an alternative to Joe McCarthy. | english | 3,332.4 | 3,338.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3338&end=3342 | I'll just show a few examples as well of Hoover's | english | 3,338.28 | 3,341.72 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3344&end=3348 | So this is a bus know, a bus bench, | english | 3,344.2 | 3,347.76 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3347&end=3353 | I think it's in Houston, is that what it says up there? At any rate, I said that | english | 3,347.76 | 3,352.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3352&end=3358 | Hoover was not only this kind of technocrat, but this significant popular | english | 3,352.08 | 3,357.24 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3357&end=3364 | and cultural figure. This is him fighting communism. He wrote a bestseller called | english | 3,357.24 | 3,363.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3377&end=3382 | They're not sure where he gets his expertise on that question. | english | 3,377.84 | 3,381.2 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3383&end=3389 | Hoover's this important cultural figure on anti-communism. | english | 3,383.36 | 3,388.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3388&end=3393 | But he also becomes a very sort of outspoken religious voice | english | 3,388.4 | 3,392.3 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3392&end=3397 | and plays a big role in the kind of surge of religiosity | english | 3,392.3 | 3,396.26 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3406&end=3411 | and 70s, which as I said I think are the most familiar to many people today, and | english | 3,406.06 | 3,410.7 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3410&end=3418 | really are the period when Hoover becomes, if not a less influential figure, | english | 3,410.7 | 3,417.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3417&end=3428 | a less universally popular figure. By the late 1950s, his popularity ratings are in the 70s, 80s, 90 percentiles. | english | 3,417.4 | 3,427.16 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3427&end=3431 | That begins to fall off a little bit in the 1960s | english | 3,427.16 | 3,430.56 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3430&end=3436 | as the country's politics change and as he ages. | english | 3,430.56 | 3,435.92 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3435&end=3440 | So the last part of the book is this period from 1960 | english | 3,435.92 | 3,439.72 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3439&end=3444 | up to his death in 1972 that covers | english | 3,439.72 | 3,443.56 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3446&end=3450 | presidential relationships in the book. | english | 3,446.12 | 3,449.2 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3468&end=3472 | He considered it and thought that it was not a good idea | english | 3,468.7 | 3,471.96 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3474&end=3479 | Hoover was particularly hostile to Bobby Kennedy, who, | english | 3,474.14 | 3,478.68 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3480&end=3485 | under his brother's presidency at a fairly young age. | english | 3,480.88 | 3,484.6 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3492&end=3497 | He doesn't seem very qualified, and I don't really like him. | english | 3,492.88 | 3,496.68 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3496&end=3501 | But at any rate, theirs is an interesting relationship | english | 3,496.68 | 3,500.68 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3506&end=3511 | And I think we would tend to think of Hoover and Johnson | english | 3,506.24 | 3,510.16 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3510&end=3517 | as being on opposite sides of things like civil rights, | english | 3,510.16 | 3,516.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3516&end=3522 | other major political trends of the 1960s. | english | 3,516.48 | 3,521.44 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3521&end=3525 | Johnson as a great liberal icon, Hoover increasingly | english | 3,521.44 | 3,524.52 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3524&end=3528 | can seen as a far right conservative, | english | 3,524.52 | 3,528 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3533&end=3538 | and often quite outrageous ways in the 1960s. | english | 3,533.24 | 3,537.56 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3537&end=3542 | They had been neighbors on the same block in Washington, | english | 3,537.56 | 3,541.06 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3541&end=3545 | so they knew each other from the 1940s onward. | english | 3,541.06 | 3,544.24 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3546&end=3552 | can thank or blame for making J. Edgar Hoover essentially | english | 3,546.32 | 3,551.16 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3556&end=3561 | Hoover would have been forced to retire at the age of 70. | english | 3,556.64 | 3,560.04 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3560&end=3565 | That would have been January 1, 1965. | english | 3,560.04 | 3,564.56 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3564&end=3569 | But Lyndon Johnson decided to exempt him | english | 3,564.56 | 3,568.16 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3570&end=3576 | And this is the ceremony in 1964 where Johnson says | english | 3,570.8 | 3,575.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3577&end=3583 | Now, why did Johnson want Hoover to stay on? | english | 3,577.84 | 3,582.44 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3584&end=3589 | But as I said, they had this longstanding relationship. | english | 3,584.6 | 3,588.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3588&end=3593 | And also, Johnson went on to use Hoover and the FBI | english | 3,588.4 | 3,592.96 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3592&end=3597 | more aggressively than almost any other president. | english | 3,592.96 | 3,596.42 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3596&end=3600 | Sometimes that was in the service of civil rights | english | 3,596.42 | 3,599.56 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3605&end=3613 | enforcement, particularly after the civil rights legislation of that era, but he | english | 3,605.52 | 3,612.04 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3612&end=3618 | also used the FBI pretty aggressively to police the civil rights movement, to | english | 3,612.04 | 3,617.06 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3617&end=3623 | police the left. One of the more outrageous moments is when Johnson asks | english | 3,617.06 | 3,622.38 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3622&end=3629 | the FBI to conduct surveillance wiretapping, infiltration | english | 3,622.38 | 3,628.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3628&end=3633 | of civil rights demonstrators at the 1964 Democratic National | english | 3,628.28 | 3,632.84 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3632&end=3637 | Convention on his behalf and to report back | english | 3,632.84 | 3,636.24 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3636&end=3641 | to him what was going on there with the Mississippi Freedom | english | 3,636.24 | 3,640.76 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3646&end=3651 | and I think counterintuitive relationship in many ways. | english | 3,646.92 | 3,650.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3652&end=3659 | as well, which is probably the most longstanding and closest | english | 3,652.04 | 3,658.04 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3660&end=3665 | They, too, had been very close since the 1940s. | english | 3,660.4 | 3,664.56 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3664&end=3670 | This is them vacationing together as well in the 1950s. | english | 3,664.56 | 3,669.38 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3669&end=3674 | But they run into some conflicts when Nixon becomes president. | english | 3,669.38 | 3,673.18 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3673&end=3678 | And theirs is an interesting and complicated relationship | english | 3,673.18 | 3,677.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3680&end=3684 | into a lot of the big investigations of the era, | english | 3,680.76 | 3,683.94 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3683&end=3690 | most notably the Kennedy assassination and the King assassination. I should say in writing | english | 3,683.94 | 3,689.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3689&end=3695 | the book there were a few sections that I really dreaded having to get into. | english | 3,689.48 | 3,694.32 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3694&end=3701 | Those were among them because the volume of material related to those cases is so | english | 3,694.32 | 3,700.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3700&end=3706 | vast. The literature related to those cases is so vast and so much of it is so vast. The literature related to those cases is so vast and so much of it | english | 3,700.48 | 3,705.64 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3705&end=3712 | is so bizarre and terrible and I had to wade into that. But the real thrust of | english | 3,705.64 | 3,711.88 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3711&end=3719 | this final section is about Hoover's political policing in the 1960s, | english | 3,711.88 | 3,718.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3718&end=3727 | particularly the FBI's campaigns against the civil rights movement, against the new left, and against figures | english | 3,718.48 | 3,726.84 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3726&end=3731 | like Martin Luther King, in which the FBI conducted | english | 3,726.84 | 3,730.8 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=3730&end=3735 | not only a pretty aggressive public campaign | english | 3,730.8 | 3,734.8 |