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https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=1958&end=1966 | an introduction to the language and set of ideas that become the cause of his life, which | english | 1,958.96 | 1,965.26 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=1967&end=1973 | He's initiated into that very early on as a young man. | english | 1,967.5 | 1,972.9 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=1978&end=1983 | of the new communist parties forming in the United States. | english | 1,978.3 | 1,982.5 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=1985&end=1991 | and being one of the great government experts on communism. | english | 1,985.12 | 1,990.16 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=1990&end=1995 | And he's saying very similar things in the 1940s. | english | 1,990.16 | 1,994.12 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=1994&end=1998 | He's saying very similar things in the 1970s | english | 1,994.12 | 1,997.12 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=1997&end=2004 | to what he first starts to articulate in 19 and 1920 | english | 1,997.12 | 2,003.84 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2008&end=2013 | that he first comes into contact and then conflict | english | 2,008.02 | 2,012.04 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2012&end=2016 | with new civil liberties organizations that are just | english | 2,012.04 | 2,015.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2016&end=2021 | going to kind of be in a dance with for the rest | english | 2,016.84 | 2,020.64 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2020&end=2024 | of his career, most notably the ACLU, which | english | 2,020.64 | 2,023.96 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2026&end=2030 | these struggles during the Red Scare. | english | 2,026.08 | 2,029.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2029&end=2035 | From there, despite the controversies of the Palmer Raids, | english | 2,029.28 | 2,034.2 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2034&end=2040 | Hoover does get another quick promotion in 1921. | english | 2,034.2 | 2,039.2 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2039&end=2043 | As the Democrats leave power, the Republicans come in. | english | 2,039.64 | 2,042.84 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2042&end=2047 | Hoover manages to stay on and gets a promotion | english | 2,042.84 | 2,046.36 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2046&end=2051 | to become assistant director of the Bureau of Investigation | english | 2,046.36 | 2,050.52 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2052&end=2056 | And then in 1924, three years later, | english | 2,052.24 | 2,055.8 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2055&end=2060 | at the ripe old age of 29, becomes | english | 2,055.8 | 2,059.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2062&end=2067 | which is the job that he holds for the rest of his life. | english | 2,062.12 | 2,066.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2066&end=2070 | So I've spent a long time on Hoover's early years, | english | 2,066.08 | 2,069.94 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2076&end=2080 | but I think you can see during these early years | english | 2,076.26 | 2,079.36 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2079&end=2084 | a lot of the themes developing that he is going to then | english | 2,079.36 | 2,083.32 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2083&end=2087 | learn to build upon, to operationalize | english | 2,083.32 | 2,086.6 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2086&end=2091 | over the course of his career at the head of the Bureau. | english | 2,086.6 | 2,090.88 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2090&end=2098 | And I think one of the puzzles and interesting aspects of a figure like Hoover is that on | english | 2,090.88 | 2,097.76 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2097&end=2106 | the one hand, he has a very fixed set of ideas about government, about race, | english | 2,097.76 | 2,105.52 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2105&end=2110 | about communism, about religion that are there | english | 2,105.52 | 2,109.52 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2109&end=2114 | from the moment he begins this work to the moment that he | english | 2,109.52 | 2,113.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2116&end=2120 | His words sound incredibly similar | english | 2,116.2 | 2,119.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2124&end=2128 | who is incredibly adaptable, able to learn, | english | 2,124 | 2,127.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2127&end=2131 | and in particular, able to respond to and build | english | 2,127.4 | 2,130.78 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2135&end=2141 | is a story of various crises that then produce | english | 2,135.12 | 2,140.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2140&end=2145 | big shifts in the government, growth of the security state, | english | 2,140.08 | 2,145 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2151&end=2157 | and delivering on what he thinks the people above him, | english | 2,151.82 | 2,156.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2157&end=2163 | as well as those below him, his popular constituency, | english | 2,157.92 | 2,162.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2172&end=2178 | on his early years from 1895 to 1924, | english | 2,172.76 | 2,177.64 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2181&end=2189 | Part two then moves into looking at the 1920s and 1930s as the | english | 2,181.76 | 2,188.96 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2188&end=2196 | periods when he really built the institution that we know as the FBI. It | english | 2,188.96 | 2,195.96 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2195&end=2203 | is very strange for us to think about, but when Hoover came in in 1924 as this | english | 2,195.96 | 2,202.12 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2202&end=2208 | young new director of the Bureau, he really is brought in as a reformer. | english | 2,202.12 | 2,208 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2208&end=2212 | He's brought in as a kind of energetic young reformer, | english | 2,208 | 2,211.36 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2211&end=2216 | trained in the law, trained in information technology, | english | 2,211.36 | 2,215.26 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2215&end=2219 | trained in a certain kind of professionalism, | english | 2,215.26 | 2,218.68 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2218&end=2223 | and his job is to professionalize and clean up the Bureau, | english | 2,218.68 | 2,222.5 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2222&end=2227 | which has been A, kind of tiny backwater, | english | 2,222.5 | 2,226.32 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2226&end=2231 | but B, a mess even at that, full of corruption, | english | 2,226.32 | 2,231 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2238&end=2242 | He is a young professional steeped | english | 2,238.64 | 2,241.84 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2241&end=2245 | in progressive ideas about science, | english | 2,241.84 | 2,245 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2245&end=2251 | about expertise, about education, and really his vision | english | 2,245.72 | 2,250.32 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2250&end=2254 | when he becomes head of the Bureau is to remake it | english | 2,250.32 | 2,253.68 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2253&end=2258 | as a kind of elite law enforcement agency | english | 2,253.68 | 2,257.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2257&end=2262 | that is going to be a model of these progressive era ideas | english | 2,257.28 | 2,261.52 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2261&end=2268 | about facts and science and expertise and education within the world | english | 2,261.52 | 2,267.02 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2267&end=2275 | of law enforcement. As you can see here, merit. Often he's contrasted with figures | english | 2,267.02 | 2,274.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2274&end=2280 | like Sherlock Holmes, the kind of rogue detective, right, and Hoover's men are | english | 2,274.28 | 2,279.86 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2279&end=2287 | going to be a different kind of professional agent. He promises not to do lots of things, | english | 2,279.86 | 2,286.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2286&end=2291 | says they are unsuited to the work of something like the FBI. | english | 2,286.48 | 2,290.1 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2293&end=2298 | They're never going to coerce anyone into doing anything. | english | 2,293.84 | 2,298 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2298&end=2303 | Of course, this changes a little bit over time, as you will see. | english | 2,298 | 2,302.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2302&end=2306 | And he sets about not only kind of, | english | 2,302.4 | 2,305.8 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2315&end=2320 | white-collar professional law enforcement symbols. | english | 2,315.8 | 2,319.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2319&end=2324 | Many of them come straight out of his beloved institutions, | english | 2,319.28 | 2,323.62 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2323&end=2328 | both George Washington University and Kappa Alpha. | english | 2,323.62 | 2,327.52 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2327&end=2332 | This is a newspaper feature on the many young GW men | english | 2,327.52 | 2,331.64 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2331&end=2337 | who are remaking the Bureau in the 20s and 30s. | english | 2,331.64 | 2,336.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2336&end=2340 | The most important of those men is this fellow here | english | 2,336.08 | 2,339.44 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2341&end=2350 | Clyde Tolson was a graduate of GW. He graduated a few years after Hoover, | english | 2,341.56 | 2,349.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2349&end=2357 | entered the Bureau in 1928, and went on very quickly to rise to the number two position | english | 2,349.28 | 2,356.8 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2356&end=2367 | at the Bureau and to occupy that position at Hoover's right hand for the rest of his life as well. | english | 2,356.8 | 2,366.36 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2370&end=2374 | is not just the associate director of the FBI, | english | 2,370.16 | 2,373.68 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2373&end=2378 | but is it also in many ways Hoover's life partner, | english | 2,373.68 | 2,377.68 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2377&end=2382 | his social partner, and the closest thing | english | 2,377.68 | 2,381.02 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2381&end=2385 | that Hoover ever had to a spouse. | english | 2,381.02 | 2,384.52 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2395&end=2399 | But I'll just say a few things right now. | english | 2,395.38 | 2,398.84 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2398&end=2405 | One is that Tolson is by far the most important relationship | english | 2,398.84 | 2,404.3 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2406&end=2412 | get married, he does not have children, but he and Tolson really relate to each | english | 2,406.32 | 2,411.04 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2411&end=2417 | other as a social couple in the way that you might expect that spouses would. They | english | 2,411.04 | 2,416.8 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2416&end=2421 | not only work together, they have all of their meals together, they vacation | english | 2,416.8 | 2,420.76 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2420&end=2426 | together, they socialize together. And they're pretty widely accepted | english | 2,420.76 | 2,425.68 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2425&end=2430 | in Washington, New York, Florida, California, | english | 2,425.68 | 2,429.04 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2433&end=2438 | So there are lots of nice scenes in the book of Hoover | english | 2,433.32 | 2,437.04 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2437&end=2443 | and Clyde double dating with, say, Dick and Pat Nixon. | english | 2,437.04 | 2,442.72 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2442&end=2449 | And so Hoover's life, his private life, his social life, his intimate life, is, | english | 2,442.72 | 2,448.48 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2448&end=2454 | I would say, a funny combination of on the one hand being very, very public and open, | english | 2,448.48 | 2,453.04 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2453&end=2462 | and then of course having lots of secrets as well. I'll show you a little bit about Hoover and | english | 2,453.92 | 2,462 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2462&end=2467 | Tolson. So this is one of my favorite pictures of them together. | english | 2,462 | 2,466.24 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2466&end=2471 | This is a celebration of Tolson's 20 years at the FBI. | english | 2,466.24 | 2,470.24 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2471&end=2475 | It might have been his 15th, but one of Tolson's anniversaries | english | 2,471.24 | 2,474.76 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2480&end=2484 | but it looks kind of like a wedding photo, right? | english | 2,480.3 | 2,483.4 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2486&end=2491 | I think the more interesting photos, and one of the places | english | 2,486.24 | 2,490.08 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2490&end=2494 | that I really tried to access, not only their public life | english | 2,490.08 | 2,493.24 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2496&end=2501 | I mean, their Broadway shows, and nightclubs, and vacations, | english | 2,496 | 2,500.36 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2501&end=2507 | The horse track, the baseball game, but a | english | 2,501.88 | 2,506.22 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2506&end=2511 | little bit more of their interiority. What did any of this mean to them? One of | english | 2,506.22 | 2,510.36 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2510&end=2518 | the best sources for that was Hoover's private photo album. I've reproduced some | english | 2,510.36 | 2,517.24 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2517&end=2522 | of those photos there, but that photo album is really filled with fairly | english | 2,517.24 | 2,521.96 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2521&end=2526 | intimate portraits, particularly in the 30s and | english | 2,521.96 | 2,525.28 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2525&end=2531 | 40s, of their vacations together in places like Miami and California. So | english | 2,525.28 | 2,530.78 |
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YnFEIDvTvtc?modestbranding=1&loop=1&start=2530&end=2538 | here's a shot, presumably taken by Tolson of Hoover at the beach, getting | english | 2,530.78 | 2,538 |