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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara_Wilson

Ara Wilson

Ara Wilson

English: Photo of Ara Wilson; Intimate Economies of Bangkok; anthropology; women's studies; Thailand; sexuality studies; ethnography; political economy; Thai; Krungthep;

Ara Wilson is a university professor and author. Her work focuses on the feminist ethnography of globalization through description and analysis of various market economies. Her work examines the cultural, social, and sexual aspects of Bangkok economies, as well as illustrating the inaccuracies of Eurocentric ideology. Between 1988 and 2000, Wilson did fieldwork in Thailand and spent the years 1992-1994 doing research for The Intimate Economies of Bangkok: Tomboys, Tycoons, and Avon Ladies in the Global City. Wilson’s research is heavily focused on sexual and ethnic identity which “are produced and transformed through the modernity of the non-Western world”. Wilson is currently director of the program in the study of sexualities at Duke University, where she is also an Associate Professor of Women’s Studies. Wilson works extensively with non-governmental organizations dealing with women’s rights, as well as sexual rights in Thailand.

Ara Wilson is a university professor and author. Her work focuses on the feminist ethnography of globalization through description and analysis of various market economies. Her work examines the cultural, social, and sexual aspects of Bangkok economies, as well as illustrating the inaccuracies of Eurocentric ideology. Between 1988 and 2000, Wilson did fieldwork in Thailand and spent the years 1992-1994 doing research for The Intimate Economies of Bangkok: Tomboys, Tycoons, and Avon Ladies in the Global City. Wilson’s research is heavily focused on sexual and ethnic identity which “are produced and transformed through the modernity of the non-Western world”. Wilson is currently director of the program in the study of sexualities at Duke University, where she is also an Associate Professor of Women’s Studies. Wilson works extensively with non-governmental organizations dealing with women’s rights, as well as sexual rights in Thailand.

July 2006

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Boiler_locomotive

Long Boiler locomotive

Long Boiler locomotive

Class 48 (Second), later class I(48) locomotive No. 55 Dated: c.1880 Digital ID: 17420_a014_a014000345 Rights: www.records.nsw.gov.au/about-us/rights-and-permissions We'd love to hear from you if you use our photos/documents. Many other photos in our collection are available to view and browse on our website using Photo Investigator.

The long boiler locomotive was the object of a patent by Robert Stephenson and the name became synonymous with the pattern. Its defining feature is that the firebox is placed behind the rearmost driving axle. This gives a long boiler barrel, with long fire-tubes. There is thus a generous heating surface area, giving a boiler that is both powerful and efficient. It is generally perceived that it arose out of attempts to match the power of broad gauge locomotives within the limitations of the standard gauge of Stephenson railways. However, the patent originally arose from a problem which became apparent as trains travelled longer distances, specifically on the North Midland Railway in England around 1841, where fire tubes and smokeboxes were becoming destroyed by the heat.

The long boiler locomotive was the object of a patent by Robert Stephenson and the name became synonymous with the pattern. Its defining feature is that the firebox is placed behind the rearmost driving axle. This gives a long boiler barrel, with long fire-tubes. There is thus a generous heating surface area, giving a boiler that is both powerful and efficient. It is generally perceived that it arose out of attempts to match the power of broad gauge locomotives within the limitations of the standard gauge of Stephenson railways. However, the patent originally arose from a problem which became apparent as trains travelled longer distances, specifically on the North Midland Railway in England around 1841, where fire tubes and smokeboxes were becoming destroyed by the heat.

New South Wales railways 48 class, c. 1880

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranajagjitsinha_Patil

Ranajagjitsinha Patil

Ranajagjitsinha Patil

English: With Amit Shahaji

Ranajagjitsinha Padmsinha Patil is a member of 14th Vidhan Sabha, lower house of Legislature of Maharashtra, from Tuljapur in Maharashtra state in India. He joined the Bhartiya Janata Party in the presence of Bhartiya Janata Party President Amit Shah and He was elected to the 14th VidhanSabha on a Bhartiya Janata Party ticket in the October 2019 state elections in Tuljapur Vidhan Sabha constituency. He was elected to the VidhanSabha from the Osmanabad Vidhan Sabha in the October 2014 state elections. He was a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Council for 2 terms 2004-2008 & 2008-2014. He was the first and youngest ever minister to be inducted into the cabinet and subsequently made a MLC. His family had represented the Osmanabad 10 times from 1978 to 2019 in the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha.He was handpicked by Sharad Pawar in the Maharashtra Cabinet at a young age of 32 years and replaced his father Padamsinh Bajirao Patil in the district and state politics. He is the nephew of Ex. Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra Ajit Pawar. He won the 2014 Vidhan Sabha elections with the highest number of votes in the district.

Ranajagjitsinha Padmsinha Patil (born 30 October 1971) is a member of 14th Vidhan Sabha, lower house of Legislature of Maharashtra, from Tuljapur in Maharashtra state in India. He joined the Bhartiya Janata Party in the presence of Bhartiya Janata Party President Amit Shah and He was elected to the 14th VidhanSabha on a Bhartiya Janata Party ticket in the October 2019 state elections in Tuljapur Vidhan Sabha constituency. He was elected to the VidhanSabha from the Osmanabad Vidhan Sabha in the October 2014 state elections. He was a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Council for 2 terms 2004-2008 & 2008-2014. He was the first and youngest ever minister to be inducted into the cabinet and subsequently made a MLC. His family had represented the Osmanabad (Vidhan Sabha constituency) 10 times from 1978 to 2019 in the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha.He was handpicked by Sharad Pawar in the Maharashtra Cabinet at a young age of 32 years and replaced his father Padamsinh Bajirao Patil in the district and state politics. He is the nephew of Ex. Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra Ajit Pawar. He won the 2014 Vidhan Sabha elections with the highest number of votes in the district. His father and him have been representing Osmanabad since the past 40 years. His wife is the Vice President of the Zilla Parishad of Osmanabad. He has maintained control of Municipal councils, Market Committees and Society's in Osmanabad. He controls the Zilla Parishad of Osmanabad and also the Osmanabad District Central Cooperative Bank, where his party Bhartiya Janata Party has full majority. His father Padamsinh Bajirao Patil was a minister in the Maharashtra Government for more than 20 years. He is former deputy speaker of the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha, Deputy Opposition Leader and also the State President of Sharad Pawar's Congress(S). He was responsible for constructing the largest number of Kolhapur Type ("K.T.") Dams in his home turf Osmanabad and was also responsible for making Osmanabad the most irrigated district in the otherwise backward and largely arid Marathwada region. Ranajagjitsinha Patil was a Minister of State for Industries, Revenue, Agriculture, Cultural Affairs, Protocol, Employment and Employment with guarantee scheme, Parliamentary Affairs, GAD. He held the responsibility of six portfolios in his first induction as Minister.

Patil with Amit Shaha

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perennial_plant

Perennial plant

Benefits in agriculture

Perennial plant / Benefits in agriculture

English: Gigapan image of switchgrass roots taken at The Land Institute.

A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth from trees and shrubs, which are also technically perennials. Perennials—especially small flowering plants—that grow and bloom over the spring and summer, die back every autumn and winter, and then return in the spring from their rootstock, are known as herbaceous perennials. However, depending on the rigors of local climate, a plant that is a perennial in its native habitat, or in a milder garden, may be treated by a gardener as an annual and planted out every year, from seed, from cuttings or from divisions. Tomato vines, for example, live several years in their natural tropical/subtropical habitat but are grown as annuals in temperate regions because they don't survive the winter. There is also a class of evergreen, or non-herbaceous, perennials, including plants like Bergenia which retain a mantle of leaves throughout the year.

Although most of humanity is fed by the re-sowing of the seeds of annual grain crops, (either naturally or by the manual efforts of man), perennial crops provide numerous benefits. Perennial plants often have deep, extensive root systems which can hold soil to prevent erosion, capture dissolved nitrogen before it can contaminate ground and surface water, and out-compete weeds (reducing the need for herbicides). These potential benefits of perennials have resulted in new attempts to increase the seed yield of perennial species, which could result in the creation of new perennial grain crops. Some examples of new perennial crops being developed are perennial rice and intermediate wheatgrass. The Land Institute estimates that profitable, productive perennial grain crops will take at least 25 years to achieve.

Switchgrass is a deep-rooted perennial. These roots are more than 3 meters long.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Switchgrass_roots.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Cochran_Lambdin

George Cochran Lambdin

George Cochran Lambdin

English: File name: 07_11_000991 Title: June Morning Creator/Contributor: Lambdin, George Cochran, 1830-1896 (artist); L. Prang & Co. (publisher) Date issued: Copyright date: 1878 Physical description note: Genre: Chromolithographs; Still life prints Location: Boston Public Library, Print Department Rights: No known restrictions Flickr data on 2011-08-05: *Camera: Sinar AG Sinarback 54 FW, Sinar m *License: CC BY 2.0 *User: Boston Public Library BPL

George Cochran Lambdin was an American Victorian artist, best known for his paintings of flowers.

George Cochran Lambdin (1830–1896) was an American Victorian artist, best known for his paintings of flowers.

June Morning (1878), chromolithograph based on Lambdin's painting.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKP_class_Pm36

PKP class Pm36

Design

PKP class Pm36 / History / Design

Polski: Polski parowóz Pm36-1 (140 km/h) z 1937 r. Fotografia z hali:http://www.smartage.pl/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/231.jpg

PKP class Pm36 is a class of two express passenger 4-6-2 steam locomotives ordered in 1936 for the Polskie Koleje Państwowe.

The design was ready in 1936 and the following year the first two prototypes were built. One of them (Pm36-1) had aerodynamic fairing. The construction as well as the shape of it was designed by inz. Kazimierz Zembrzuski, head of the design office in the First Polish Factory of Locomotives and at the same time professor of the Warsaw University of Technology. The other (Pm36-2) had a standard look. The idea was to test both engines in parallel to compare top speed, acceleration, coal and water consumption etc. The Pm36-1 won a gold medal at the 1937 International Exposition of Art and Technology in Paris.

Pm36-1

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alupa_dynasty

Alupa dynasty

Alupa dynasty

Extent of the Alupa Kingdom

The Alupa also known as Alva was an ancient ruling dynasty of India. The kingdom they ruled was known as Alvakheda Arusasira and its territory spanned the coastal districts of the modern Indian state known as Karnataka. The cultural region of Tulu Nadu was the core of their territory. The Alupas were initially independent but with the dominance of Kadambas from Banavasi, they became feudatory to them. Later they became the vassals of the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas with the change in political scenario of Southern India. Their influence over coastal Karnataka lasted for about 1200 years. There is evidence that the Alupas followed the law of matrilineal inheritance since the Alupa king Soyideva was succeeded by his nephew Kulasekhara Bankideva. The legendary king who is credited with introducing matrilineality in Tulu Nadu is named Bhuta Alupa Pandya The name Alva survives as a surname even today among Bunt landlords who are Matrilineal The last Alupa king to have ruled is Kulasekharadeva Alupendradeva whose inscription dated 1444 CE have been found in Mudabidri Jain Basadi.

The Alupa also known as Alva (circa 2ⁿᵈ century C.E to 15ᵗʰ century C.E) was an ancient ruling dynasty of India. The kingdom they ruled was known as Alvakheda Arusasira and its territory spanned the coastal districts of the modern Indian state known as Karnataka. The cultural region of Tulu Nadu was the core of their territory. The Alupas were initially independent but with the dominance of Kadambas from Banavasi, they became feudatory to them. Later they became the vassals of the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas with the change in political scenario of Southern India. Their influence over coastal Karnataka lasted for about 1200 years. There is evidence that the Alupas followed the law of matrilineal inheritance (Aliyasantana) since the Alupa king Soyideva was succeeded by his nephew Kulasekhara Bankideva (son of Alupa princess Krishnayitayi and Hoysala Veera Ballala III). The legendary king who is credited with introducing matrilineality in Tulu Nadu is named Bhuta Alupa Pandya The name Alva survives as a surname even today among Bunt landlords who are Matrilineal The last Alupa king to have ruled is Kulasekharadeva Alupendradeva whose inscription dated 1444 CE have been found in Mudabidri Jain Basadi.

Extent of the Alupa Kingdom

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Alvakheda_map.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjarne_Riis

Bjarne Riis

Bjarne Riis

Dansk: Bjarne Riis, Team CSC manager English: Bjarne Riis, Team CSC manager Lëtzebuergesch: De Bjarne Rijs den 18. Februar op der Tour of California.

Bjarne Lykkegård Riis, nicknamed The Eagle from Herning, is a Danish former professional road bicycle racer who placed first in the 1996 Tour de France. For many years he was the owner and later manager of Russian UCI WorldTeam Tinkoff–Saxo. Other career highlights include placing first in the Amstel Gold Race in 1997, multiple Danish National Championships, and stage wins in the Giro d'Italia. On 25 May 2007, he admitted that he placed first in the Tour de France using banned substances, and he was no longer considered the winner by the Tour's organizers. In July 2008, the Tour reconfirmed his victory but with an asterisk label to indicate his doping offences.

Bjarne Lykkegård Riis ([ˈpjɑːnə ˈʁiˀs]; born 3 April 1964), nicknamed The Eagle from Herning (Danish: Ørnen fra Herning), is a Danish former professional road bicycle racer who placed first in the 1996 Tour de France. For many years he was the owner and later manager of Russian UCI WorldTeam Tinkoff–Saxo. Other career highlights include placing first in the Amstel Gold Race in 1997, multiple Danish National Championships, and stage wins in the Giro d'Italia. On 25 May 2007, he admitted that he placed first in the Tour de France using banned substances, and he was no longer considered the winner by the Tour's organizers. In July 2008, the Tour reconfirmed his victory but with an asterisk label to indicate his doping offences.

Riis at the 2007 Tour of California.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIAT_Mongolian_Airlines

MIAT Mongolian Airlines

Fleet

MIAT Mongolian Airlines / Fleet

MIAT Mongolian Airlines, EI-CXV, Boeing 737-8CX

MIAT Mongolian Airlines is the Mongolian national airline, headquartered in the MIAT Building in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. The airline operates international scheduled services from its base at Chinggis Khaan International Airport near Ulaanbaatar.

A Mongolian Airlines Boeing 737-800

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow_Creek_(Snake_River_tributary)

Willow Creek (Snake River tributary)

Willow Creek (Snake River tributary)

English: This is an image of Willow Creek in flood stage just downstream of its confluence with Tex Creek, about a mile above before it flows into Ririe Reservoir

Willow Creek is a 84-mile long tributary of the Snake River in the U.S. state of Idaho. Beginning at an elevation of 6,568 feet east of the Blackfoot Mountains in southeastern Bingham County, it flows generally north into Bonneville County and past Bone. South of the town of Ririe, the creek is impounded by Ririe Dam, forming Ririe Reservoir. It then turns southwest, passing between Iona and Ucon, before bifurcating into two distributaries, North Fork Willow Creek and South Fork Willow Creek, at an elevation of 4,777 feet. Both forks reach the Snake River north of Idaho Falls. Willow Creek has significant populations of brown trout.

Willow Creek is a 84-mile (135 km) long tributary of the Snake River in the U.S. state of Idaho. Beginning at an elevation of 6,568 feet (2,002 m) east of the Blackfoot Mountains in southeastern Bingham County, it flows generally north into Bonneville County and past Bone. South of the town of Ririe, the creek is impounded by Ririe Dam, forming Ririe Reservoir. It then turns southwest, passing between Iona and Ucon, before bifurcating into two distributaries, North Fork Willow Creek and South Fork Willow Creek, at an elevation of 4,777 feet (1,456 m). Both forks reach the Snake River north of Idaho Falls. Willow Creek has significant populations of brown trout.

Willow Creek, Bonneville County, Idaho, USA

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_1966

June 1966

June 1966

The following events occurred in June 1966:

The following events occurred in June 1966:

NASA's Surveyor 1 (model, on Earth)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_urbanism

Tactical urbanism

Tactical urbanism

English: 200,000 pink resin balls are strung across and down 1 kilometre of Montreal's Gay Village along Sainte-Catherine, Montreal from St-Hubert to Papineau during the summer when the street is pedestrianized.

Tactical urbanism includes low-cost, temporary changes to the built environment, usually in cities, intended to improve local neighbourhoods and city gathering places. Tactical urbanism is also commonly referred to as guerrilla urbanism, pop-up urbanism, city repair, or D.I.Y. urbanism.

Tactical urbanism includes low-cost, temporary changes to the built environment, usually in cities, intended to improve local neighbourhoods and city gathering places. Tactical urbanism is also commonly referred to as guerrilla urbanism, pop-up urbanism, city repair, or D.I.Y. urbanism.

Since 2012, Montreal has closed Saint Catherine Street to traffic and animated the pedestrian zone with overhanging pink resin balls. This temporary transformation of a street is a type of tactical urbanism.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_tachograph

Digital tachograph

Digital tachograph system

Digital tachograph / Digital tachograph system

Deutsch: Muster einer deutschen Fahrerkarte, Rückseite English: The reverse side of a German motor vehicle license sample

A digital tachograph is a device fitted to a vehicle that digitally records its speed and distance, together with the driver's activity selected from a choice of modes. In Europe, it succeeded the analogue tachograph as a result of European Union regulation 1360/2002 that made digital tachographs mandatory for all relevant vehicles manufactured after August 1, 2005. Digital tachographs would be required as of May 1, 2006 for all new vehicles for which EWG regulation VO(EWG)3820/85 applies, as is published in the official newsletter of the European Union L102 from April 11, 2006.

A digital tachograph system consists of a digital driver card, the tachograph head, and a sender unit mounted to the vehicle gearbox. The sender unit produces electronic pulses as the gearbox output shaft turns. These pulses are interpreted as speed data by the head. The sender unit and head are electronically paired and the pulses from the sender to the head are encrypted, therefore deterring tampering by intercepting or replicating the pulse signal in the intermediate wiring. As well as automatically receiving speed data, the tachograph records the driver's activity selected from a choice of modes. The 'drive mode' is activated automatically when the vehicle is in motion, and digital tachograph heads usually default to the 'other work' mode upon coming to rest. The 'rest' and 'availability' modes can be manually selected by the driver whilst stationary. In Europe, drivers are legally required to accurately record their activities, retain the records and produce them on demand to transport authorities who are charged with enforcing regulations governing drivers' working hours. Regulation (EC) 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council defines drivers hours.

German Driver Card, rear side

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Cserm%C3%A1k

József Csermák

József Csermák

József Csermák at the 1952 Olympics

József Csermák was a Hungarian hammer thrower. He won the gold medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics with a throw of 60.34 m, setting a new world record and becoming the first athlete to break the 60 m barrier. At the next Olympics Csermák was chosen as the Olympic flag bearer for Hungary, but placed only fifth. He failed to reach the final at the 1960 Olympics. Besides his 1952 Olympic gold medal, Csermák won four Hungarian titles and a bronze medal at the 1954 European Championships.

József Csermák (14 February 1932 – 14 January 2001 in Tapolca) was a Hungarian hammer thrower. He won the gold medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics with a throw of 60.34 m, setting a new world record and becoming the first athlete to break the 60 m barrier. At the next Olympics Csermák was chosen as the Olympic flag bearer for Hungary, but placed only fifth. He failed to reach the final at the 1960 Olympics. Besides his 1952 Olympic gold medal, Csermák won four Hungarian titles and a bronze medal at the 1954 European Championships.

Csermák at the 1952 Olympics

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leith

Leith

Geography

Leith / Geography

English: Malmaison Hotel, The Shore Former seamen's mission, built in 1883 and converted to a hotel in 1994.

Leith is a port area in the north of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, at the mouth of the Water of Leith. The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of Holyrood Abbey in 1128. The medieval settlements of Leith had grown into a burgh by 1833, and the burgh was merged into Edinburgh in 1920. Leith is located on the coast of the Firth of Forth and lies within the City of Edinburgh.

After decades of industrial decline, deindustrialisation, slum clearance and resultant depopulation in the post-war era, Leith gradually began to enjoy an upturn in fortunes in the late 1980s. Several old industrial sites were developed with modest, affordable housing, while small industrial business units were constructed at Swanfield, Bonnington, Seafield and off Lindsay Road. The Shore developed a clutch of upmarket restaurants, including the first of the chain of Malmaison hotels in a conversion of the former "Angel Hotel", a seaman's mission, whilst the once industrially-polluted and desolate banks of the Water of Leith were cleaned up and a public walkway opened. Leith's gradual revival was also helped by the decision of the then Scottish Office to site their new offices in Leith Docks (just north of the old infilled East Dock). The site was chosen as part of a design-and-build competition against other sites at Haymarket and Marionville. It was completed in 1994. The hoped for influx of well-paid civil service jobs failed to have much local impact as most commute to the office, and only a small percentage venture beyond the confines of the office during lunchtimes. It did further foster Leith's growing reputation as a white-collar, small business location. Further large-scale service and tourist development followed, including the Ocean Terminal shopping centre and the permanently moored Royal Yacht Britannia. The plan to connect Ocean Terminal and the Scottish Executive building area by the new Edinburgh Trams by the Port of Leith tram stop has been shelved. In 2004 the owner of the docks, Forth Ports, announced plans to eventually close the port and carry out a major redevelopment of the area. The planned development, which was given supplementary planning guidance by The City of Edinburgh Council in 2004, was a small town with up to 17,000 new homes.

Former Seamen's Mission, now the Malmaison Hotel

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamendol

Kamendol

Kamendol

Српски / srpski: Камендол, центар

Kamendol Village Center

Kamendol is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in the Belgrade's municipality of Grocka. Kamendol is located in the eastern part of the municipality, near the border of the municipality of Grocka and municipality of Smederevo. It is 10 km away from the municipal seat of Grocka, and over 40 km east of Belgrade. Kamendol is halfway on the Brestovik-Umčari road, which connects the road of Smederevski put and Belgrade-Niš highway. Kamendol is a small, depopulating village. The name of the village is Serbian for the rock valley.

Kamendol (Serbian Cyrillic: Камендол) is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in the Belgrade's municipality of Grocka. Kamendol is located in the eastern part of the municipality, near the border of the municipality of Grocka (and the City of Belgrade) and municipality of Smederevo (and the Podunavlje District). It is 10 km away from the municipal seat of Grocka, and over 40 km east of Belgrade. Kamendol is halfway on the Brestovik-Umčari road, which connects the road of Smederevski put and Belgrade-Niš highway. Kamendol is a small, depopulating village (population of 1,372 in 1991 and 1,067 in 2002). The name of the village is Serbian for the rock valley.

Kamendol Village Center

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Dresden_in_World_War_II

Bombing of Dresden in World War II

British

Bombing of Dresden in World War II / Wartime political responses / British

Winston Churchill (1874 – 1965) English: Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955. Deutsch: Winston Churchill, 1940 bis 1945 sowie 1951 bis 1955 Premier des Vereinigten Königreichs und Literaturnobelpreisträger des Jahres 1953.

The bombing of Dresden was a British-American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II. In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombers of the British Royal Air Force and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces dropped more than 3,900 tons of high-explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city. The bombing and the resulting firestorm destroyed more than 1,600 acres of the city centre. An estimated 22,700 to 25,000 people were killed. Three more USAAF air raids followed, two occurring on 2 March aimed at the city's railway marshalling yard and one smaller raid on 17 April aimed at industrial areas. Immediate German propaganda claims following the attacks and postwar discussions of whether the attacks were justified have led to the bombing becoming one of the moral causes célèbres of the war. A 1953 United States Air Force report defended the operation as the justified bombing of a strategic target, which they noted was a major rail transport and communication centre, housing 110 factories and 50,000 workers in support of the German war effort.

The destruction of the city provoked unease in intellectual circles in Britain. According to Max Hastings, by February 1945, attacks upon German cities had become largely irrelevant to the outcome of the war and the name of Dresden resonated with cultured people all over Europe—"the home of so much charm and beauty, a refuge for Trollope's heroines, a landmark of the Grand Tour." He writes that the bombing was the first time the public in Allied countries seriously questioned the military actions used to defeat the Germans. The unease was made worse by an Associated Press story that the Allies had resorted to terror bombing. At a press briefing held by the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force two days after the raids, British Air Commodore Colin McKay Grierson told journalists: First of all they (Dresden and similar towns) are the centres to which evacuees are being moved. They are centres of communications through which traffic is moving across to the Russian Front, and from the Western Front to the East, and they are sufficiently close to the Russian Front for the Russians to continue the successful prosecution of their battle. I think these three reasons probably cover the bombing. One of the journalists asked whether the principal aim of bombing Dresden would be to cause confusion among the refugees or to blast communications carrying military supplies. Grierson answered that the primary aim was to attack communications to prevent the Germans from moving military supplies, and to stop movement in all directions if possible. He then added in an offhand remark that the raid also helped destroy "what is left of German morale." Howard Cowan, an Associated Press war correspondent, subsequently filed a story saying that the Allies had resorted to terror bombing. There were follow-up newspaper editorials on the issue and a longtime opponent of strategic bombing, Richard Stokes MP, asked questions in the House of Commons on 6 March. Churchill subsequently re-evaluated the goals of the bombing campaigns, to focus less on widespread destruction, and more toward targets of tactical significance. On 28 March, in a memo sent by telegram to General Ismay for the British Chiefs of Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff, he wrote: It seems to me that the moment has come when the question of bombing of German cities simply for the sake of increasing the terror, though under other pretexts, should be reviewed. Otherwise we shall come into control of an utterly ruined land ... The destruction of Dresden remains a serious query against the conduct of Allied bombing. I am of the opinion that military objectives must henceforward be more strictly studied in our own interests than that of the enemy. The Foreign Secretary has spoken to me on this subject, and I feel the need for more precise concentration upon military objectives such as oil and communications behind the immediate battle-zone, rather than on mere acts of terror and wanton destruction, however impressive. Having been given a paraphrased version of Churchill's memo by Bottomley, on 29 March, Air Chief Marshal Arthur Harris wrote to the Air Ministry: ...in the past we were justified in attacking German cities. But to do so was always repugnant and now that the Germans are beaten anyway we can properly abstain from proceeding with these attacks. This is a doctrine to which I could never subscribe. Attacks on cities like any other act of war are intolerable unless they are strategically justified. But they are strategically justified in so far as they tend to shorten the war and preserve the lives of Allied soldiers. To my mind we have absolutely no right to give them up unless it is certain that they will not have this effect. I do not personally regard the whole of the remaining cities of Germany as worth the bones of one British Grenadier. The feeling, such as there is, over Dresden, could be easily explained by any psychiatrist. It is connected with German bands and Dresden shepherdesses. Actually Dresden was a mass of munitions works, an intact government centre,

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who indicated a need after Dresden to reduce attacks that primarily affected civilians.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_nucleolar_RNA_Z101

Small nucleolar RNA Z101

Small nucleolar RNA Z101

English: Image has been uploaded to the Commons as part of the Molecular and Cellular Biology WikiProject in collaboration with the public-domain database Rfam. Here is the link to the discussion.

Small nucleolar RNA Z101 is a non-coding RNA molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs. This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA Z101 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box and the D box. Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. Plant snoRNA Z101 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Small nucleolar RNA Z101 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA Z101 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. Plant snoRNA Z101 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of snoZ101

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pyel

John Pyel

Biography

John Pyel / Biography

English: Church of St Peter, Irthlingborough.

John Pyel was a London merchant who was elected Mayor of London in 1372.

He was born circa 1310 in Irthlingborough, Northamptonshire and inherited land there from his father, which he added to during his lifetime. In 1353 he purchased the manor of Irthlingborough from Sir Simon de Drayton. His brother Henry became Archdeacon of Northampton. He became a merchant in London, served from 1369 as an Alderman of Castle Baynard ward, was Sheriff of London in 1369 and elected Mayor of London in 1372. He was elected Member of Parliament for the City of London in 1361 and 1376 as one of the two aldermanic representatives of the city. In 1375 he obtained a royal licence to found the college of St. Peter, Irthlingborough, a college for six secular canons — one of whom should be dean — and four clerks, but died before his intention was actually carried out. The design, involving the development of the local parish church into a chantry college, was eventually accomplished with the help of the Archdeacon of London by his widow, Joan, in 1388. In 1349, a person of this name was serving as a royal official, in Chesterton, Cambridgeshire.

Church of St Peter, Irthlingborough

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_Apartments

Rice Apartments

Rice Apartments

English: Rice Apartments (Eugene, Oregon)

Photograph of a two-story brick building

The Rice Apartments are a historic apartment building in Eugene, Oregon, United States. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

The Rice Apartments are a historic apartment building in Eugene, Oregon, United States. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

The building's front exterior, 2011

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Singapore_(1944%E2%80%931945)

Bombing of Singapore (1944–1945)

Background

Bombing of Singapore (1944–1945) / Background

Australian War Memorial image 128444. The ocean liner Queen Mary in Singapore Graving Dock.

A large ship inside a dry dock. The dry dock is surrounded by industrial buildings and hills are visible in the background

The Bombing of Singapore (1944–1945) was a military campaign conducted by the Allied air forces during World War II. United States Army Air Forces long-range bomber units conducted 11 air raids on Japanese-occupied Singapore between November 1944 and March 1945. Most of these raids targeted the island's naval base and dockyard facilities, and minelaying missions were conducted in nearby waters. After the American bombers were redeployed, the British Royal Air Force assumed responsibility for minelaying operations near Singapore and these continued until 24 May 1945. The raids had mixed results. While significant damage was inflicted on Singapore's important naval base and commercial port, some raids on these targets were not successful and other attacks on oil storage facilities on islands near Singapore were ineffective. The minelaying campaign disrupted Japanese shipping in the Singapore area and resulted in the loss of three vessels and damage to a further ten, but was not decisive. The Allied air attacks were successful in raising the morale of Singapore's civilian population, who believed that the raids marked the impending liberation of the city.

In the decades after World War I, Britain expanded Singapore Naval Base at Sembawang on Singapore's north coast as part of plans to deter Japanese expansionism in the region (the Singapore strategy). The resulting facility was among the most important in the British Empire and included the large King George VI graving dock and Admiralty IX floating dry dock. The Commonwealth forces allocated to Malaya and Singapore were swiftly defeated in the months after the outbreak of the Pacific War, however, and the island was surrendered to the Japanese on 15 February 1942. Singapore was bombed by Japanese aircraft on a number of occasions during the Battle of Malaya and subsequent fighting on the island itself; these raids caused many civilian deaths. Singapore Naval Base suffered little damage during the fighting in 1941 and 1942, and became the most important facility of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) outside the Japanese home islands. As was the case under British rule, many locally recruited civilians worked in the base, though the Japanese Navy subjected them to harsh discipline which included physical beatings for minor mistakes as well as imprisonment or execution for theft and leaks of information. The Japanese Second Fleet and Third Fleet were transferred from the central Pacific to Singapore and the nearby Lingga Islands between February and April 1944 to be closer to their sources of fuel oil. These two fleets comprised the main body of the IJN, and operated most of its remaining battleships and aircraft carriers. The forces allocated to the defence of Singapore were not strong. In early 1945, Japanese air defences for the island included only two Army companies equipped with automatic cannon, some IJN anti-aircraft units, and a small number of fighter aircraft. Some of the anti-aircraft guns were crewed by Malay auxiliaries. The effectiveness of what was already an inadequate air defence force was hindered by a lack of coordination between the Army and Navy, shortages of fire control equipment for the guns, and no fire-control radar or barrage balloons being available. Defence against night raids was particularly weak as no night fighters were stationed near Singapore and coordination between the anti-aircraft guns and searchlight units was poor. In June 1944, the USAAF's XX Bomber Command began flying combat operations with B-29 Superfortress heavy bombers from air bases near Kharagpur in northeastern India. Although the Command's primary role was to attack industrial targets in the Japanese home islands, approximately 50 percent of its missions were undertaken to support other Allied operations in the Pacific. The XX Bomber Command reported to the USAAF's Twentieth Air Force, which was personally directed from Washington, D.C., by the commander of the USAAF General Henry H. Arnold, rather than the Allied theatre commanders in India and China. Major General Curtis LeMay assumed command of XX Bomber Command on 29 August after Arnold relieved its first commander. Following the Japanese defeat in the Battle of Leyte Gulf in late October 1944, the remnants of the IJN were concentrated into two groups of ships. One group returned to bases in the Inland Sea, while the other was stationed at the Lingga Islands. On 27 October, Arnold suggested to LeMay that the Japanese defeat at Leyte might have increased the importance of Singapore's naval facilities and asked whether XX Bomber Command could attack targets on the island. Little recent intelligence on Singapore was available, and on 30 October a photo-reconnaissance B-29 overflew Singapore for the first time and took good photos of the island. Despite this success, LeMay's staff believed that a daylight attack on Singapore—which required a 4,000 mi (6,400 km) round trip from Kharagpur—could not be successful. Regardless, Arnold ordered that XX Bomber Command attack Singapore.

The ocean liner Queen Mary in the King George VI Graving Dock during August 1940

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpiana

Valpiana

Valpiana

English: Valpiana, province of Grosseto.

The main square of Valpiana with the church and the palace of Ministers

Valpiana is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Massa Marittima, province of Grosseto, in the area of the Colline Metallifere. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 453. Valpiana is about 45 km from Grosseto and 7 km from Massa Marittima.

Valpiana is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Massa Marittima, province of Grosseto, in the area of the Colline Metallifere. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 453. Valpiana is about 45 km from Grosseto and 7 km from Massa Marittima.

The main square of Valpiana with the church and the palace of Ministers

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_steamers_of_North_America

Lake steamers of North America

Dieselized steamer hulls

Lake steamers of North America / Dieselized steamer hulls

Svenska: Fartyget MS Mount Washington i hamnen i Wolfeboro NH, USA. English: MS Mount Washington in Wolfeboro NH town dock.

Lake steamers of North America include large, steam-powered non-government vessels with displacement hulls on American freshwater lakes excluding the Great Lakes. They may have served as passenger boats, freighters, mail-boats, log-boom vessels or a combination thereof. The construction of such vessels posed unique problems on water bodies located away from established dry-docks and marine railways, or connecting canals to such facilities. In some countries such as Switzerland, lake steamers may have been preserved in their original configuration. In the United States with its dynamic economy and changing cultural mores, the survival of such boats often depended on reuses and power plant changes. The MS Mount Washington, with four different power-plants and changes from side-wheeler to screw steamer to diesel power, provides a fine example. Few such vessels survive in the US where the first commercial steamers were launched.

MV Mount Katahdin—The MV Katahdin of 1914 sails on Moosehead Lake in Maine. The Bath Iron Works-built ship served as a log drive vessel as well as providing summer excursions. It is owned and operated by the Moosehead Maritime Museum. Its outward appearance adheres closely to its lake steamer roots. Available for cruises. MV Mohican II—The MV Mohican II of Lake George in New York is on the National Register of Historic Places. It was launched in 1907, replacing an earlier wood steamer with the same name. Available for cruises. MS Mount Washington—The MS Mount Washington of Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire replaced an earlier wooden side-wheel steamer that burned in 1939. Parties interested in continuing the tradition of a lake steamer purchased an old sidewheel vessel on Lake Champlain: the Chateaugay, a 203-foot (62 m), iron-hulled sidewheeler that was being used as a clubhouse for the Burlington yacht club. It was cut into sections and transported to Lake Winnipesaukee on rail cars. A new twin-screw vessel was designed for the hull being welded back together at Lakeport, New Hampshire. Powered by two steam engines taken from an ocean-going yacht, the new Mount Washington made her maiden voyage on August 15, 1940. The ship has been renovated multiple times, including several upgrades to the ship power plant, and hull extensions added to lengthen the ship.

MS Mount Washington

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Hillman

Trey Hillman

Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters

Trey Hillman / Coaching career / Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters

English: US Navy (USN) Sailors who are members of the Kitty Hawk-Battle Cats, the baseball team from the USN Aircraft Carrier USS KITTY HAWK (CV 63), pose for a group photograph with two players from the Sapporo Nippon "Fighters" baseball team in Sapporo, Japan. While in port, Sailors have a chance to sightsee, shop, enjoy recreational activities and participate in community relation projects with their host nationals. The USS KITTY HAWK demonstrates power projection and sea control as the USN only permanently, forward-deployed aircraft carrier.

Thomas Brad "Trey" Hillman is an American professional baseball coach for the Miami Marlins. He has also served as the manager of the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters in Japan's Pacific League, the Kansas City Royals in the American League and the SK Wyverns in the KBO League. He has also been a coach with the Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Yankees and the Houston Astros.

Hillman was invited to manage the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters in 2003. His team won the Pacific League championship in 2006, and returned to defend their title in 2007. It was the first pennant for the franchise in 25 years when they won the championship in 2006, and the repeated success in 2007 was accomplished despite the loss of key players such as Michihiro Ogasawara and Hideki Okajima. His team also won the Japan Series and Asia Series in 2006. The team set a franchise-record 14-game winning streak during the 2007 season. Pitcher Satoru Kanemura spoke out against Hillman after he had been removed in a two out, bases loaded situation in a game on September 24, 2006. Kanemura was angered because he would have gotten his 10th win of the year if he had gotten through the inning, and the team reacted harshly, penalizing Kanemura with a large fine, and a suspension (which was later shortened). Kanemura apologized to Hillman afterwards and went on to win Game 4 of the Japan Series.

Hillman with the Fighters in 2006

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mont_Central_College

Blue Mont Central College

Blue Mont Central College

English: Drawing of Blue Mont Central College

Blue Mont Central College was a private, Methodist institute of higher learning located in Manhattan, Kansas, in the United States. The college was incorporated in February 1858, and was the forerunner of Kansas State University. After Kansas became a U.S. state in 1861, the directors of Blue Mont Central College offered the school's three-story building and 120 acres of its property to the State of Kansas to become the state's university. A bill accepting this offer easily passed the Kansas Legislature in 1861, but was controversially vetoed by Governor Charles L. Robinson of Lawrence, and an attempt to override the veto in the legislature failed by two votes. In 1862, another bill to accept the offer failed by one vote. Finally, on the third attempt, on February 16, 1863, the state enacted a law accepting the college building and grounds, and establishing the state's land-grant college at the site – the institution that would become Kansas State University. Blue Mont Central College ceased operations later that year after the school term was completed.

Blue Mont Central College was a private, Methodist institute of higher learning located in Manhattan, Kansas, in the United States. The college was incorporated in February 1858, and was the forerunner of Kansas State University. After Kansas became a U.S. state in 1861, the directors of Blue Mont Central College offered the school's three-story building and 120 acres (0.49 km²) of its property to the State of Kansas to become the state's university. A bill accepting this offer easily passed the Kansas Legislature in 1861, but was controversially vetoed by Governor Charles L. Robinson of Lawrence, and an attempt to override the veto in the legislature failed by two votes. In 1862, another bill to accept the offer failed by one vote. Finally, on the third attempt, on February 16, 1863, the state enacted a law accepting the college building and grounds, and establishing the state's land-grant college at the site – the institution that would become Kansas State University. Blue Mont Central College ceased operations later that year after the school term was completed.

Sketch of Blue Mont Central College

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Bluemont.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Dr%C5%8D,_Gifu

Yōrō, Gifu

Yōrō, Gifu

日本語: 養老山地から望む養老町中心部、上部に養老ジャンクション English: Yōrō, Gifu seen from Yōrō Mountains, Gifu prefecture, Japan.

Yōrō is a town located in Yōrō District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2018, the town had an estimated population of 29,309 in 10,356 households and a population density of 405 persons per km². The total area of the town was 72.29 square kilometres.

Yōrō (養老町, Yōrō-chō) is a town located in Yōrō District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2018, the town had an estimated population of 29,309 in 10,356 households and a population density of 405 persons per km². The total area of the town was 72.29 square kilometres (27.91 sq mi).

Central Yōrō seen from Yōrō Mountains

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muisca_art

Muisca art

Ceramics

Muisca art / Muisca art / Ceramics

Español: Cuatro ollas múcuras. Vasijas precolombinas de las culturas Muisca y Chibcha de Colombia, usadas también en Venezuela y Cuba. Ánforas o cántarillas de barro arcilloso para conservar el agua.

The Muisca established one of the four grand civilisations of the pre-Columbian Americas on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in present-day central Colombia. Their various forms of art have been described in detail and include pottery, textiles, body art, hieroglyphs and rock art. While their architecture was modest compared to the Inca, Aztec and Maya civilisations, the Muisca are best known for their skilled goldworking. The Museo del Oro in the Colombian capital Bogotá houses the biggest collection of golden objects in the world, from various Colombian cultures including the Muisca. The first art in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes goes back several millennia. Although this predates the Muisca civilisation, whose onset is commonly set at 800 AD, nevertheless, some of these styles persevered through the ages. During the preceramic era, the people of the highlands produced petrographs and petroglyphs representing their deities, the abundant flora and fauna of the area, abstract motives and anthropomorphic or anthropo-zoomorphic elements.

The use of ceramics on the Altiplano started in the Herrera Period, with the oldest evidences of ceramic use dated at 3000 BP. The many different clays of the rivers and lakes of the valleys on the high plateau made a variety of ceramic types possible. The Muisca constructed ceramic pottery for cooking, the extraction of salt from brines, as decorative ritual pieces and for the consumption of their alcoholic beverage; chicha. Large ceramic jars were found around the sacred archaeoastronomical site of El Infiernito, used for massive rituals where the people celebrated their festivities drinking chicha. Also musical instruments such as ocarinas were made of ceramics. The ceramic pots and sculptures were painted with zoomorphic figures that were common in the Muisca territory; frogs, armadillos, snakes and lizards. Main ceramic production centres were located close to the abundance of clays, in Tocancipá, Gachancipá, Cogua, Guatavita, Guasca and Ráquira.

Collection of ceramic vases (múcuras) made by the Muisca

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaka_of_Buganda

Kabaka of Buganda

Kabaka of Buganda

English: The Kabaka Palace in Kampala, Uganda

Kabaka is the title of the king of the Kingdom of Buganda. According to the traditions of the Baganda they are ruled by two kings, one spiritual and the other secular. The spiritual, or supernatural, king is represented by the Royal Drums, regalia called Mujaguzo and, as they always exist, the Buganda at any time will always have a king. Mujaguzo, like any other king, has his own palace, officials, servants and palace guards. The material, human prince has to perform special cultural rites on the Royal Drums before he can be declared king of the Kingdom of Buganda. Upon the birth of a royal prince or princess, the Royal Drums are sounded by drummers specially selected from a specified clan as a means of informing the subjects of the kingdom of the birth of a new member of the royal family. The same Royal Drums are sounded upon the death of a reigning king to officially announce the death of the material king. According to Buganda culture, a king does not die but gets lost in the forest. Inside Buganda's royal tombs such as the Kasubi Tombs and the Wamala Tombs, one is shown the entrance of the forest. It is a taboo to look beyond the entrance.

Kabaka is the title of the king of the Kingdom of Buganda. According to the traditions of the Baganda they are ruled by two kings, one spiritual and the other secular. The spiritual, or supernatural, king is represented by the Royal Drums, regalia called Mujaguzo and, as they always exist, the Buganda at any time will always have a king. Mujaguzo, like any other king, has his own palace, officials, servants and palace guards. The material, human prince has to perform special cultural rites on the Royal Drums before he can be declared king of the Kingdom of Buganda. Upon the birth of a royal prince or princess, the Royal Drums are sounded by drummers specially selected from a specified clan as a means of informing the subjects of the kingdom of the birth of a new member of the royal family. The same Royal Drums are sounded upon the death of a reigning king to officially announce the death of the material king. According to Buganda culture, a king does not die but gets lost in the forest. Inside Buganda's royal tombs such as the Kasubi Tombs and the Wamala Tombs, one is shown the entrance of the forest. It is a taboo to look beyond the entrance.

The Kabaka's Palace at Mengo, Kampala

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleaford_railway_station

Sleaford railway station

Operations and later history

Sleaford railway station / History / Operations and later history

English: A1 Pacific heads Trains Illustrated Fenland Rail Tour at Sleaford. View eastward, towards Spalding on the ex-GN&GE March - Spalding - Sleaford - Lincoln - Doncaster main line, also ex-GN Lincoln - Boston line. The complex Tour took us from Liverpool Street to Norwich, then Cromer and over the M&GN via Melton Constable and South Lynn to Spalding, then via Sleaford and Grantham back to King's Cross. A1 4-6-2 No. 60136 'Alcazar' (built 11/48, withdrawn 5/63) took over here for the last leg via Grantham to London.

Sleaford railway station serves the town of Sleaford in Lincolnshire, England. The station is 21.25 miles south of Lincoln Central. The station is now owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway who provide all rail services. Sleaford is the last remaining market town in Lincolnshire to be served by both north–south and east–west lines apart from Grantham.

The Cranwell branch ran at a loss: in response to a Parliamentary Question, it was revealed that, allowing for a credit in respect of the c.15,000 tons of Government stores that were transported along it during 1924, the line made a loss of some £3,570, although it was reported that "any alternative means ... would involve considerably greater expenditure". Having ceased to carry passenger traffic in 1927, it closed completely in 1956. Passenger services on the Bourne branch ceased on 22 September 1930. The Spalding line closed in 1964. The Grantham to Boston and Spalding to Lincoln Central lines remain open, as does the north to south link line bypassing the station. This has recently been refurbished by Network Rail and returned to full operation after several years of disuse (as part of the plan to route more freight trains onto the latter and away from the busy East Coast Main Line). Sleaford is still one of only a few places still to have signal boxes named 'North', 'South', 'West' and 'East' around the area. With the North and South boxes on the Peterborough to Lincoln Line, and then the West and East boxes are at each end of the station on the Grantham to Boston Line. So if travelling from Lincoln Central to Peterborough on the train you would pass all four boxes. The North and South boxes are however due to be decommissioned as part of the upgrade work mentioned above at the end of 2013.

19 September 1954. A1 4-6-2 No. 60136 'Alcazar' heads Trains Illustrated Fenland Rail Tour at Sleaford

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dv%C4%81rak%C4%81%E2%80%93Kamboja_route

Dvārakā–Kamboja route

The seaport and international trade

Dvārakā–Kamboja route / The seaport and international trade

The Dvārakā–Kamboja route is an ancient land trade route that was an important branch of the Silk Road during antiquity and the early medieval era. It is referred to in Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain works. It connected the Kamboja Kingdom in today's Afghanistan and Tajikistan via Pakistan to Dvārakā and other major ports in Gujarat, India, permitting goods from Afghanistan and China to be exported by sea to southern India, Sri Lanka, the Middle East and Ancient Greece and Rome. The road was the second most important ancient caravan route linking India with the nations of the northwest.

From the port of Dvārakā at the terminus of the Kamboja–Dvārakā Route, traders connected with sea trading routes to exchange goods as far west as Rome and as far east as Kampuchea. Goods shipped at Dvārakā also reached Greece, Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, southern India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, the land of Suwannaphum (whose location has still not been determined) and the Indochinese peninsula. Dvārakā was, however, not the only port at the route's terminus. Perhaps more important was Barygaza or Bharukaccha (modern Bharuch, located on the mainland to the east of the Kathiawar peninsula on the river Narbada. Horse dealers from north-west Kamboja traded as far as Sri Lanka, and there may have been a trading community of them living in Anuradhapura, possibly along with some Greek traders. This trade continued for centuries, long after the Kambhojans had converted to Islam in the 9th century CE. The chief export products from Kamboja were horses, ponies, blankets embroidered with threads of gold, Kambu/Kambuka silver, zinc, mashapurni, asafoetida, somvalak or punga, walnuts, almonds, saffron, raisins and precious stones including lapis lazuli, green turquoise and emeralds.

Lapis lazuli.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EV2_The_Capitals_Route

EV2 The Capitals Route

In the UK

EV2 The Capitals Route / Route / In the UK

English: Devizes: canal alongside the wharf Looking across the Kennet & Avon Canal towards 1235955.

EuroVelo 2, named The Capitals Route, is a 5,500 km long EuroVelo long-distance cycling route running from Galway, Ireland to Moscow, Russia. This east-west route passes successively through seven countries – Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Belarus and Russia – and visits all their capital cities.

In the UK, the EV2 starts at Holyhead on the Isle of Anglesey and travels through the heart of Wales along the National Cycle Network's NCR8 Lôn Las Cymru, taking in Snowdonia National Park and Brecon Beacons National Park. It passes through the Welsh capital of Cardiff before crossing the Severn, where it visits the cities of Bristol and Bath – connected by the Bristol and Bath Railway Path. After that it joins the Kennet and Avon Cycle Route (NCR4) along the canal which links the Thames and the Bristol Channel, weaving through scenery on its way from Bath to Reading. At Reading, the route joins the Thames Path Cycle Route on its way to London. Finally it leaves London through the docklands, travelling north to the ferry port at Harwich.

The EV2 along the Kennet and Avon Canal at Devizes, Wiltshire

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Greek_Americans_in_Metro_Detroit

History of Greek Americans in Metro Detroit

History of Greek Americans in Metro Detroit

English: Greektown Hotel Picture

As of 1999 120,000 people in Metro Detroit indicated they are of Greek descent. Stavros K. Frangos, author of Greeks in Michigan, stated "From the 1890s to the present all available sources agree that" about one third of Michigan's Greek Americans live in Metro Detroit. At the turn of the 20th Century the first Greek immigrants arrived. The first year of entry was 1886. Theodore Gerasimos was the first documented Greek immigrant. Detroit's Greeks began working in automobile factories and railroads, and some others became merchants; many merchants lived above or near their stores. Very few Greeks became farmers in the United States, even though many had backgrounds in agriculture. The first Greek settlement in Detroit was between St. Antoine and Beaubien on Monroe Street. The Greeks later moved to Macomb Street. In the beginning of the year 1900 the city's first Greek coffeeshop opened on 40 Macomb Street. There were 250 Greeks in Detroit in 1909. In 1912 persecution of Greeks began, prompting immigration from Greece. The period 1911 to 1917 was the peak immigration period from Greece. In 1914 there were up to 8,000 Greeks in the city.

As of 1999 120,000 people in Metro Detroit indicated they are of Greek descent. Stavros K. Frangos, author of Greeks in Michigan, stated "From the 1890s to the present all available sources agree that" about one third of Michigan's Greek Americans live in Metro Detroit. At the turn of the 20th Century the first Greek immigrants arrived. The first year of entry was 1886. Theodore Gerasimos was the first documented Greek immigrant. Detroit's Greeks began working in automobile factories and railroads, and some others became merchants; many merchants lived above or near their stores. Very few Greeks became farmers in the United States, even though many had backgrounds in agriculture. The first Greek settlement in Detroit was between St. Antoine and Beaubien on Monroe Street. The Greeks later moved to Macomb Street. In the beginning of the year 1900 the city's first Greek coffeeshop opened on 40 Macomb Street. There were 250 Greeks in Detroit in 1909. In 1912 persecution of Greeks began, prompting immigration from Greece. The period 1911 to 1917 was the peak immigration period from Greece. In 1914 there were up to 8,000 Greeks in the city. In 1914 a wave of immigration from Greece came because Henry Ford offered his $5 per day jobs. The Greek population rose to 10,000 to 15,000 by 1930. Peloponnesus was the source of most Greek immigration to Detroit. Frangos wrote that "While no other reliable statistics are available, certainly Greeks from the three islands of Chios, Crete, and Cyprus have always made up a sizeable element of the community." The National Centre of Social Research in Athens, by 1972, estimated that the State of Michigan had ethnic 100,000 Greeks. In 1999 The Detroit News stated that the Greeks were "well-assimilated." By 2012 Detroit's Greeks moved to suburban communities. Suburbs with Greek Americans include Lincoln Park and St. Clair Shores.

Greektown

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2

NASA Astronaut Group 2

Selection process

NASA Astronaut Group 2 / Selection process

English: The first two groups of astronauts selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The original seven Mercury astronauts, selected in April 1959, are seated left to right, L. Gordon Cooper Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, M. Scott Carpenter, Walter M. Schirra Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Alan B. Shepard Jr. and Donald K. Slayton. The second group of NASA astronauts, named in September 1962 are, standing left to right, Edward H. White II, James A. McDivitt, John W. Young, Elliot M. See Jr., Charles Conrad Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, Thomas P. Stafford and James A. Lovell Jr.

NASA Astronaut Group 2, also known as the New Nine and the Next Nine, was the second group of astronauts selected by NASA. Their selection was announced on September 17, 1962. The nine astronauts were Neil Armstrong, Frank Borman, Pete Conrad, Jim Lovell, James McDivitt, Elliot See, Tom Stafford, Ed White and John Young. Six of the nine flew to the Moon, and Armstrong, Conrad and Young walked on it as well. Seven of the nine were awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. The group was required to augment the original Mercury Seven, with the announcement of the Gemini program leading to the Apollo program. While the Original Seven had been selected to accomplish the simpler task of orbital flight, the new challenges of rendezvous and lunar landing led to the selection of candidates with advanced engineering degrees as well as test pilot experience. Lovell and Conrad had been candidates for the Original Seven, but were not selected then. The nine became the first group with civilian test pilots; See had flown for General Electric, while Armstrong had flown the X-15 research plane for NASA.

The U.S. Navy (USN) and U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) submitted the names of all their pilots who met the selection criteria, but the U.S. Air Force (USAF) conducted its own internal selection process, and only submitted the names of eleven candidates. The Air Force ran them through a brief training course in May 1962 on how to speak and conduct themselves during the NASA selection process. The candidates called it a "charm school". The Chief of Staff of the Air Force, General Curtis LeMay, told them: "There are a lot of people who'll say you're deserting the Air Force if you're accepted into NASA. Well, I'm the Chief of the Air Force and I want you to know I want you in this program. I want you to succeed in it, and that's your Air Force mission. I can't think of anything more important." In all, 253 applications were received by the June 1, 1962, deadline. Neil Armstrong submitted his application a week after the deadline, but Walter C. Williams, the associate director of the Space Task Group, wanted the NASA test pilot, so he had Richard Day, who acted as secretary of the selection panel, add it to the pile of applications when it arrived. Paul Bikle, the director of the NASA's Flight Research Center, declined to recommend Armstrong for astronaut selection because he had misgivings about Armstrong's performance. The three-person selection panel consisted of Mercury Seven astronauts Alan Shepard and Deke Slayton, and NASA test pilot Warren J. North, although Williams sat in on some sessions. They reduced the candidates to a more manageable 32 finalists, from whom they hoped to select between five and ten new astronauts. The Air Force's pre-selection process seems to have been successful; nine of the eleven were chosen as finalists, and one of those rejected, Joe Engle, was selected in a later intake in 1966. Of the rest, thirteen were from the Navy, four were Marines, and six were civilians. Four had been finalists in the Mercury Seven selection: Pete Conrad, Jim Lovell, John Mitchell and Robert Solliday. Lovell was not selected for the Mercury Seven due to a high bilirubin blood count. The finalists were sent to Brooks Air Force Base in San Antonio for medical examinations. The tests there were much the same as those employed to select the Mercury Seven. One candidate, Lieutenant Commander Carl (Tex) Birdwell, was found to be 2 inches (5 cm) too tall. Another four were eliminated on the basis of ear, nose and throat examinations. The remaining 27 then went to Ellington Air Force Base near Houston, where the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) was being established. They were individually interviewed by the selection panel. Nine candidates were selected, and their names forwarded to Gilruth for approval. Slayton informed each of them by phone on September 14. The nine arrived in Houston on September 15. To avoid tipping off the media, all checked into the Rice Hotel in Houston under the name of Max Peck, its general manager. On September 17, the media crowded into the 1800-seat Cullen auditorium at the University of Houston for the official announcement, but it was a more low-key event than the unveiling of the Mercury Seven three years before. As with those who had been passed over in the Mercury Seven selection, most of the rejected finalists went on to have distinguished careers. William E. Ramsey became a vice admiral in the Navy, and Kenneth Weir, a major general in the Marine Corps. Four would become NASA astronauts in later selections: Alan Bean, Michael Collins and Richard Gordon in 1963, and Jack Swigert in 1966.

The first two groups of astronauts selected by NASA. The Mercury Seven are seated at the front, with the Next Nine standing behind them

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Barone

Richard Barone

Biography

Richard Barone / Biography

English: Richard Barone advocating for the Music Modernization Act (MMA) to Senator Patrick Leahy, in Washington D.C.

Richard Barone is an American rock musician who first gained attention as frontman for the Bongos. He works as a songwriter, arranger, author, director, and record producer, releases albums as a solo artist, tours, and has created concert events at Carnegie Hall, Hollywood Bowl, SXSW, and New York's Central Park. He serves on the Board of Governors for The Recording Academy, the Board of Advisors for Anthology Film Archives, and is affiliated with the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music at New York University and The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music.

Richard Barone was born in Tampa, Florida, and began his career at age seven on local top-40 radio station WALT (now known as WTIS) as the Littlest DJ. By age sixteen he was producing local bands and recorded the idiosyncratic performer Tiny Tim after the two met following a Tampa performance. It was Tiny Tim who first suggested to Barone that he should live in Greenwich Village, where Tim himself had gotten his start. Moving to New York after high school, Barone lived briefly at the Hotel Chelsea, modeled, and landed small acting roles. Answering an advertisement in the Village Voice newspaper led him to meet the musicians with whom he would soon form the Bongos, a critically acclaimed new wave band that helped to create the 1980s Hoboken, New Jersey indie pop community. The Bongos quickly gained favor at New York City music venues and were invited to perform in London at the Rainbow Theatre, in a concert that included other new bands on the scene. After a string of independent singles released on the U.K.-based Fetish label were compiled in the U.S. as Drums Along the Hudson (PVC), the group signed to RCA Records where, with the advent of MTV, they made commercial impact with the Barone-penned "Numbers With Wings" and its accompanying video. Breaking out as a solo artist, Barone's albums have included chamber pop, orchestral, and narrative singer-songwriter material. He has been called a "gifted pop-rock tunesmith" by The New York Times. Barone released his first solo album, Cool Blue Halo (recorded live at The Bottom Line in New York) prior to the Bongos' amicable breakup in 1987. Anthony DeCurtis, writing in Rolling Stone, praised Barone's "spare, elegant arrangements" and credited him with fashioning "a kind of rock chamber music." While Trouser Press described the record as "intimate but confused", NPR's Tom Moon, in a more recent assessment, called the album "a plaintive masterpiece", adding "Cool Blue Halo feels timeless, and maybe even exotic." Moon also credited Barone's version of David Bowie's "The Man Who Sold the World" with foreshadowing Nirvana's own cover of the song on their 1993 Unplugged performance. Two studio albums followed: the rock-dominated Primal Dream (MCA Records) in 1990, and the more acoustic-based Clouds Over Eden (Warner Bros. Records), dedicated to his late friend, rock journalist Nicholas Schaffner, in 1994. Trouser Press championed the "fine set of yearning love songs" on Primal Dream, while calling their production and arrangements as a "step backwards" from his debut album. But David Browne, writing in Rolling Stone, gave the album four stars and commented that "Barone is fast moving beyond the limited vocabulary of twelve strings and wimp-pop vocals." Billy Altman, in The New York Times, called his next album, Clouds Over Eden "unquestionably the most fully realized effort of Barone's career," while Trouser Press described the album as "wrenching and thoroughly worthwhile" and "the great album fans always imagined [Barone] making." In the mid-90s Barone performed and recorded with experimental guitarist Gary Lucas and his group Gods and Monsters, in which Barone handled lead vocals and played Mellotron. He also recorded Harry Nilsson's "I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City", with Lucas on guitar, for the album For the Love of Harry: Everybody Sings Nilsson (BMG Records) and produced B-52's frontman Fred Schneider's version of "Coconut" for the same project. He performed the song with Schneider on Late Night With Conan O'Brien. In 1996, he partnered with Phil Ramone and Larry Rosen's N2K Records label to become one of the first five artists, each representing different genres, to make their music available as purchasable digital downloads on the pioneering Music Boulevard retail site. He appeared on The Wall Street Journal Report television show and other programs to explain and promote the then-new technology of music downloading as a legitimate method of distribution. In 1997, Barone released Between Heaven and Cello, a live album recorded at NYC's intimate Fez nig

Richard Barone advocates for the Music Modernization Act (MMA) with Senator Patrick Leahy in April 2018, Washington D.C.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutch_district

Kutch district

History

Kutch district / History

English: Maharao Khengarji III of Cutch - circa 1900

Kutch district is a district of Gujarat state in western India, with its headquarters at Bhuj. Covering an area of 45,674 km², it is the largest district of India. The population of Kutch is about 2,092,371. It has 10 Talukas, 939 villages and 6 Municipalities. The Kutch district is home to the Kutchi people who speak the Kutchi language. Kutch literally means something which intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of this district is known as Rann of Kutch which is shallow wetland which submerges in water during the rainy season and becomes dry during other seasons. The same word is also used in Sanskrit origin for a tortoise. The Rann is known for its marshy salt flats which become snow white after the shallow water dries up each season before the monsoon rains. The district is also known for ecologically important Banni grasslands with their seasonal marshy wetlands which form the outer belt of the Rann of Kutch. Kutch District is surrounded by the Gulf of Kutch and the Arabian Sea in south and west, while the northern and eastern parts are surrounded by the Great and Little Rann of Kutch.

The history of Kutch can be traced back to prehistoric times. There are several sites related to the Indus valley civilization in the region, and it is mentioned in Hindu mythology. In historic times, Kutch is mentioned in Greek writings during Alexander. It was ruled by Menander I of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom which was overthrown by Indo-Scythians followed by Maurya Empire and Sakas. In the first century, it was under Western Satraps followed by Gupta Empire. By the fifth century, Maitraka of Valabhi took over from which its close association with the ruling clans of Gujarat started. Chavdas ruled the eastern and central parts by seventh century but came under Chaulukyas by tenth century. After the fall of Chaulukya, Vaghelas ruled the state. Following the conquest of Sindh by Muslim rulers, the Rajput Samma started moving southwards to Kutch and ruled the western regions initially. By the tenth century, they controlled a significant area of Kutch, and by the thirteenth century they controlled the whole of Kutch and adopted a new dynastic identity, Jadeja. For three centuries, Kutch was divided and ruled by three different branches of the Jadeja brothers. In the sixteenth century, Kutch was unified under one rule by Rao Khengarji I of these branches and his direct descendants ruled for two centuries and had a good relationship with Gujarat Sultanate and Mughals. One of his descendants, Rayadhan II, left three sons, of whom two died, and a third son, Pragmal Ji took over the state and founded the current lineage of rulers at the start of the seventeenth century. The descendants of the other brothers founded states in Kathiawar. After turbulent periods and battles with the armies of Sindh, the state was stabilized in the middle of the eighteenth century by a council known as Bar Bhayat ni Jamat who placed Rao as a titular head and ruled independently. The state accepted the sovereignty of the British East India Company in 1819, when Kutch was defeated in battle. The state was devastated by an earthquake in 1819. The state stabilized and flourished in business under subsequent rulers. Upon the independence of India in 1947, Kutch acceded unto the dominion of India and was constituted an independent commissionaire. It was created a state within the union of India in 1950. The state witnessed an earthquake in 1956. On 1 November 1956, Kutch State was merged with Bombay state, which in 1960 was divided into the new linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra, with Kutch becoming part of Gujarat state as Kutch district. The district was affected by tropical cyclone in 1998 and the earthquake in 2001. The state saw rapid industrialization and growth in tourism in subsequent years.

Maharao Khengarji III of Cutch - circa 1900

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Hill,_Providence,_Rhode_Island

Federal Hill, Providence, Rhode Island

Federal Hill, Providence, Rhode Island

Self-made with MS Paint. Providence neighborhoods with Federal Hill in red.

The Federal Hill neighborhood has a salient role in the history of Providence due to its central location within the city. This part of Providence is best known for its Italian American community and abundance of Italian restaurants.

The Federal Hill neighborhood has a salient role in the history of Providence due to its central location within the city. This part of Providence is best known for its Italian American community and abundance of Italian restaurants.

Providence neighborhoods with Federal Hill in red

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_the_Past

Out of the Past

Out of the Past

English: Theatrical poster for the American release of the 1947 film Out of the Past.

Out of the Past is a 1947 film noir directed by Jacques Tourneur and starring Robert Mitchum, Jane Greer, and Kirk Douglas. The film was adapted by Daniel Mainwaring from his novel Build My Gallows High, with uncredited revisions by Frank Fenton and James M. Cain. Film historians consider Out of the Past a superb example of film noir due to its complex, fatalistic storyline, dark cinematography, and classic femme fatale. In 1991, Out of the Past was added to the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

Out of the Past (billed in the United Kingdom as Build My Gallows High) is a 1947 film noir directed by Jacques Tourneur and starring Robert Mitchum, Jane Greer, and Kirk Douglas. The film was adapted by Daniel Mainwaring (using the pseudonym Geoffrey Homes) from his novel Build My Gallows High (also written as Homes), with uncredited revisions by Frank Fenton and James M. Cain. Film historians consider Out of the Past a superb example of film noir due to its complex, fatalistic storyline, dark cinematography, and classic femme fatale. In 1991, Out of the Past was added to the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

Theatrical release poster by William Rose

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azm_Palace_(Hama)

Azm Palace (Hama)

Azm Palace (Hama)

English: Part of the Al Azam Palace, in Hama, Syria. Picture taken by me in June, 2001, with an automatic Olympus mju:zoom140 camera.

The Azm Palace is an 18th-century Ottoman-era palace in Hama, Syria at the center of the city on the banks of the Orontes River, about 400 meters south of the Hama Citadel. Ross Burns, author of Monuments of Syria, reportedly considers the Azm Palace to be "one of the loveliest Ottoman residential buildings in Syria."

The Azm Palace (Arabic: بيت العظم‎, Beit al-Azem) is an 18th-century Ottoman-era palace in Hama, Syria at the center of the city on the banks of the Orontes River, about 400 meters (1,300 ft) south of the Hama Citadel. Ross Burns, author of Monuments of Syria, reportedly considers the Azm Palace to be "one of the loveliest Ottoman residential buildings in Syria."

Grand reception room

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tretyakov_Gallery

Tretyakov Gallery

History

Tretyakov Gallery / History

English: The 13th-century icon of St. Michael from Archangel Cathedral in Yaroslavl Русский: Архангел Михаил. Школа или худ. центр: Ярославль. Конец XIII в. 154×90 см. Государственная Третьяковская Галерея, Москва, Россия. Инв. 17304. Из Спасского монастыря в Ярославле, куда попала из церкви Архангела Михаила на Которосли, возведенной около 1299 года княгиней Анной, женою Федора Ростиславовича Черного. Икона была, по-видимому, храмовым образом.

The State Tretyakov Gallery is an art gallery in Moscow, Russia, the foremost depository of Russian fine art in the world. The gallery's history starts in 1856 when the Moscow merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov acquired works by Russian artists of his day with the aim of creating a collection, which might later grow into a museum of national art. In 1892, Tretyakov presented his already famous collection of approximately 2,000 works to the Russian nation. The façade of the gallery building was designed by the painter Viktor Vasnetsov in a peculiar Russian fairy-tale style. It was built in 1902–04 to the south from the Moscow Kremlin. During the 20th century, the gallery expanded to several neighboring buildings, including the 17th-century church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi. The collection contains more than 130,000 exhibits, ranging from Theotokos of Vladimir and Andrei Rublev's Trinity to the monumental Composition VII by Wassily Kandinsky and the Black Square by Kazimir Malevich. In 1977 the Gallery kept a significant part of the George Costakis collection.

Pavel Tretyakov started collecting art in the middle of 1850. The founding year of the Tretyakov Gallery is considered to be 1856, when Tretyakov purchased two paintings of Russian artists: Temptation by N. G. Schilder and Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers by V. G. Kudyakov, although earlier, in 1854–1855, he had bought 11 drawings and nine pictures by Dutch Old Masters. In 1867 the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov was opened. The Gallery’s collection consisted of 1,276 paintings, 471 sculptures and 10 drawings by Russian artists, as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters. In August 1892 Tretyakov presented his art gallery to the city of Moscow as a gift. In the collection at this time, there were 1,287 paintings and 518 graphic works of the Russian school, 75 paintings and eight drawings of European schools, 15 sculptures and a collection of icons. The official opening of the museum called the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov took place on August 15, 1893. The gallery was located in a mansion that the Tretykov family had purchased in 1851. As the Tretyakov collection of art grew, the residential part of the mansion filled with art and it became necessary to make additions to the mansion in order to store and display the works of art. Additions were made in 1873, 1882, 1885, 1892 and 1902–1904, when there was the famous façade, designed in 1900–1903 by architect V. Bashkirov from the drawings of the artist Viktor Vasnetsov. Construction of the façade was managed by the architect A. M. Kalmykov. In early 1913, the Moscow City Duma elected Igor Grabar as a trustee of the Tretyakov Gallery. On June 3, 1918, the Tretyakov Gallery was declared owned by Russian Federated Soviet Republic and was named the State Tretyakov Gallery. Igor Grabar was again appointed director of the museum. With Grabar’s active participation in the same year, the State Museum Fund was created, which up until 1927 remained one of the most important sources of replenishment of the gallery's collection. In 1926 architect and academician A. V. Shchusev became the director of the gallery. In the following year the gallery acquired the neighboring house on Maly Tolmachevsky Lane (the house was the former home of the merchant Sokolikov). After restructuring in 1928, it housed the gallery's administration, academic departments, library, manuscripts department, and funds and graphics staffs. In 1985–1994, an administrative building was built from the design of architect A. L. Bernstein with two floors and height equal to that of the exposition halls. In 1928 serious renovations were made to the gallery to provide heating and ventilation. In 1929 electricity was installed. In 1929 the church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi was closed, and in 1932 the building was given to the gallery and became a storage facility for paintings and sculptures. Later, the church was connected to the exposition halls and a top floor was built which was specially designed for exhibiting a painting by A. A. Ivanov,The Appearance of Christ to the People (1837–1857). A transition space was built between rooms located on either side of the main staircase. This ensured the continuity of the view of exposure. The gallery began to develop a new concept of accommodating exhibits. In 1936, a new two floor building was constructed which is located on the north side of the main building – it is known as the Schusevsky building. These halls were first used for exhibitions, and since 1940 have been included in the main route of exposure. From the first days of the Great War, the gallery's personnel began dismantling the exhibition, as well as those of other museums in Moscow, in preparation for evacuating during wartime. Paintings were rolled on wooden shafts, covered with tissue paper, placed in boxes, and sheathed with waterproof material. In the middle of the summer of 1941 a train of 17 wagons traveled from Moscow and brought the collection to Novosibirsk. The gallery was not reopened in Moscow until May 17, 1945, upon the conclusion of the Great War. In 1956,

The Archangel Michael (13th c.).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Redmond

Willie Redmond

War service

Willie Redmond / War service

English: Major Willie Redmond (1861-1917), MP, in a photograph published following his death in the First World War.

William Hoey Kearney Redmond was an Irish nationalist politician, lawyer and soldier, who was killed in action in World War I.

Redmond was commissioned as a captain in the 6th Royal Irish Regiment in February 1915 at the age of 53, with whom he previously had served 33 years before. After refresher training in the New Barracks, Fermoy, he went out to France on the Western Front with the 16th (Irish) Division, composed of Irish volunteer troops, under the command of Major-General William Hickie, in the winter of 1915–16. As a captain he commanded 'B' Company of his Battalion, and was soon in action, receiving a Mention in Dispatches from the British Expeditionary Force in France & Flanders Commander-in-Chief Douglas Haig. Whilst the Regiment was on the march he was in the habit of refusing to ride horse-back, instead marching on foot with the men under his command, and declined to let his Batman carry his pack when they were moving up to the trenches. Redmond was convinced that the shared experience of the trenches was bringing Protestant and Catholic Irishmen together and overcoming the differences between Unionists and Nationalists. In December 1916, he told his friend Arthur Conan Doyle: "It would be a fine memorial to the men who have died so splendidly if we could, over their graves, build up a bridge between North and South. I have been thinking a lot about this lately in France – no one could help doing so when one finds that the two sections from Ireland are actually side by side holding the trenches!" The Easter Rising of 1916 shattered him terribly and the beliefs he tenaciously held to, as he seemed to realise that the tide was turning away from constitutionalism. He knew that it would destroy all his high hopes and would ensure the ultimate division of Ireland and Irishmen. He was promoted to Major on 15 July 1916, but a breakdown in health took him away from front-line action, much to his displeasure. By 16 August his regiment had suffered 464 casualties in action. When on leave in March 1917 he made his last parliamentary speech, defending Ireland's involvement and sacrifice. He petitioned that the British Government immediately introduce the suspended Home Rule Act, and presented the war as a chance to bring the two peoples in the island of Ireland together. The speech concluded: "In the name of God, we here who are about to die, perhaps, ask you to do that which largely induced us to leave our homes; to do that which our mothers and fathers taught us to long for; to do that which is all we desire; make our country happy and contented, and enable us, when we meet the Canadians and the Australians and the New Zealanders side by side in the common cause and the common field, to say to them: 'our country, just as yours, has self-government within the Empire”.

Willie Redmond from the Roll of Honour published in The Illustrated London News on 16 June 1917.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Quijano

Jesús Quijano

Biography

Jesús Quijano / Biography

UNED: "Homenaje a Adolfo Suárez. Lecciones para el futuro" Ávila, 12 de junio de 2014

Jesús Quijano González is a Spanish university professor, jurist and politician who has carried out a large part of his political activity in Castile and Leon.

He was born on January 11, 1951 in Saldaña, province of Palencia. D. in Law from the University of Valladolid, he was awarded an extraordinary degree prize, obtaining the qualification of outstanding cum laude in his doctoral thesis. He has been a scholarship holder, assistant professor and titular professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Valladolid. Later he obtained the Chair of Commercial Law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Burgos and in 2008 he became Professor of Commercial Law at the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the University of Valladolid. He has been a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party since 1974, and was General Secretary of the PSOE of Castile and Leon from 1990 to 2000. He has carried out his political activity in the Castile and Leon region, where he has been the Public Prosecutor from 1983 to 2003 and candidate to the Presidency of the Castile and Leon Government in 1991 and 1995. In 2003, he was elected by the Cortes of Castile and Leon as a member of the Advisory Council of that autonomous community. In the 2008 general elections, he led the PSOE's candidacy to the Congress of Deputies for the electoral district of Valladolid, winning the seat.

Jesús Quijano 2014 (cropped)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Jes%C3%BAs_Quijano_2014_-_UNED_Homenaje_a_Su%C3%A1rez_%28cropped%29.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Township,_Fulton_County,_Pennsylvania

Wells Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania

Wells Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania

English: A stubble field and forest in Wells Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States. Photo looks east from Pennsylvania Route 915 northeast of Valley-Hi.

Along Pennsylvania Route 915 in the township's south

Wells Township is a township in Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 477 at the 2010 census. Wells Township was initially settled in 1760. It was originally known as Aughwick Township when it was incorporated in 1849. The name was changed to Wells Township on April 2, 1850.

Wells Township is a township in Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 477 at the 2010 census. Wells Township was initially settled in 1760. It was originally known as Aughwick Township when it was incorporated in 1849. The name was changed to Wells Township on April 2, 1850.

Along Pennsylvania Route 915 in the township's south

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_P%C3%A9tau

Denis Pétau

Denis Pétau

Dionysius Petavius

Denis Pétau, also known as Dionysius Petavius, was a French Jesuit theologian.

Denis Pétau (August 21, 1583 – December 11, 1652), also known as Dionysius Petavius, was a French Jesuit theologian.

Dionysius Petavius

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Dionysius_Petavius_-_Imagines_philologorum.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Berton

Alain Berton

Alain Berton

Deutsch: Alain Berton (1912-1979), Französisch Chemiker English: Alain Berton (1912-1979), French chemist. Español: Alain Berton (1912-1979), químico francés Français : Alain Berton photographié en 1946 à « La poterie », à Chambon-sur-Cisse (Loir-et-Cher), quelques jours après son mariage. Italiano: Alain Berton (1912-1979), chimico francese Português: Alain Berton (1912-1979), químico francês

Alain-Edgard Berton was a French chemical engineer who specialized in toxicology and in the analysis of air components in industrial environments. In the late 1950s he invented the "Osmopile", a measuring device, dubbed "the first artificial nose," which initiated, through the use of highly sensitive galvanic cells, the electrochemical analysis of air to detect dangerous components.

Alain-Edgard Berton (1912-1979) was a French chemical engineer who specialized in toxicology and in the analysis of air components in industrial environments. In the late 1950s he invented the "Osmopile", a measuring device, dubbed "the first artificial nose," which initiated, through the use of highly sensitive galvanic cells, the electrochemical analysis of air to detect dangerous components.

Alain Berton in 1946

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Cheers_characters

List of Cheers characters

Season 4

List of Cheers characters / Characters appearing in only one season / Season 4

English: Kate Mulgrew at the 2009 premiere of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. Photographer's blog post about event and photograph.

This is a list of characters from the American television sitcom, Cheers.

Sisters Marie (Lois de Banzie) and Catherine (Patricia Huston), nuns of the convent, at where Diane atones her sins, such as promiscuity, after she left Frasier in Europe — "Birth, Death, Love, and Rice" (1985) Lisa (Liz Keifer), one of Sam's women, who flirts with Woody — "Woody Goes Belly Up" Stuart Sorenson (Frank Dent), one of Diane's fiancé, whom she finds not "physically attractive" — "Someday My Prince Will Come" Professor Moffat (John Ingle), whom Diane interviews with for a "teaching assistant position" — "The Groom Wore Clearasil" Cynthia (Nancy Cartwright), an ex-convict Andy's supposed 'fiancée', who turns out to be part of Diane's dream — "Diane's Nightmare" Guy (Rick Andosca) wanting to use men's restroom until he finds prolific amount of bar patrons stuck in there in the cold opening — "I'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday" Little Girl (Eve Glazier) from a girl scout group, selling cookies — "I'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday" Mr. Sayers (William Lanteau), a buyer who wants the first-edition of an Ernest Hemingway novel The Sun Also Rises from seller Diane Chambers — "I'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday" Sotto the Mime (Don Lewis), whom Diane hires to entertain bar customers, while Sam despises — "2 Good 2 Be 4 Real" Vinnie Claussen (Michael Alaimo), a funeral director who wants to date Carla by answering her dating ad — "2 Good 2 Be 4 Real" Frank (Richard Young and Jack (Frank Czarnecki), bar patrons whose physiques frighten Cliff, who guffaws at their orders, in the cold opening — "Love Thy Neighbor" Phyllis Henshaw (Miriam Flynn), Norm's neighbor whose husband is having a romantic affair with Norm's wife Vera — "Love Thy Neighbor" Santo Carbone (Ernie Sabella), a private detective, who is also Carla's cousin — "Love Thy Neighbor". Sabella previously appeared as Stan in "Whodunit?" from season 3. Tawny (unnamed actress), a woman belonging to Gary's Olde Towne Tavern bowling team — "From Beer to Eternity" Cliff Clavin Sr. (Dick O'Neill), Cliff's long-lost father — "The Barstoolie" Claudia (Claudia Cron), an intelligent woman who befriends Diane and briefly dates Sam, whom she finds too sexually aggressive — "The Barstoolie" Dr. Lowell Greenspon (Kenneth Tigar), one of Diane's professors — "Don Juan Is Hell". Actor Kenneth Tigar appeared in earlier episode "The Boys in the Bar". Reporter (Rafael Mauro) from The Chronicle covering eccentric people and considers exemplifying Cliff, which Cliff declines — "Don Juan Is Hell" Frank (Arthur Taxler), a bar patron apparently flirting with Carla and wanting to order scotch and soda — "Fools and Their Money" Bert Simpson (Patrick Cronin), a television viewer who pays $300 for Sam's baseball shirt just to end its appearance anymore and then returns it to Sam — "Take My Shirt... Please" (1986) Mr. (Robert Symonds) and Mrs. Brubaker (Frances Bay), Norm's clients — "Take My Shirt... Please" Irving (M.C. Gainey), a psychology student who teams with Diane for the 'suspicious man' charade on Cheers patrons — "Suspicion" Lucas (Timothy Scott), Carla's hippie blind date — "Cliffie's Big Score" Candi Pearson (Jennifer Tilly), one of Sam's women who is set up as Frasier's date; her given name was formerly spelled Candy, which failed to appeal — "Second Time Around" Justice of the Peace (Lou Fant) performing Frasier and Candi's wedding, halted by Diane — "Second Time Around" Vito Ragazoni (Adam Carl), a boy wanting to date one of Carla's daughters Anne-Marie — "The Peterson Principle" Jeff Robbins (Chip Zien), Norm's co-worker informing him about Norm's competitor Morrison (unseen character) having an affair with their boss Mr. Reinhardt's wife — "The Peterson Principle" Mr. Reinhardt (Daniel Davis), one of Norm's bosses, oblivious about the affair between his wife and Morrison, whom he promoted over Norm — "The Peterson Principle" Bonnie (Pamela Bach), a woman for whom Sam and Woody compete — "Dark Imaginings" Steve McDonough, credited as Doctor McNeese (Tim Dunigan), a hospital doctor who takes care of Sam's hernia and whom Diane tutored when he was in junior high school — "Dark Imaginings" Jack Tu

Kate Mulgrew portrays Janet Eldridge in three-part season finale "Strange Bedfellows".

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morningside,_Edinburgh

Morningside, Edinburgh

Amenities

Morningside, Edinburgh / Amenities

English: A row of Victorian shops in Morningside Road

Morningside is a district and former rural village in the south west of Edinburgh, Scotland. It is defined by a main arterial Morningside Road, an ancient route from the city to the south west of Scotland and Carlisle, and is centred on the lowest, southernmost point on the road at Morningside Cross, at which point the route used to ford the Jordan Burn, now redirected underground at this point. It lies south of Bruntsfield, Burghmuirhead; south-west of Marchmont, and south-east of Merchiston; and to the north of Comiston and the Braid Hills.

Civic amenities include South Morningside Primary School; Saint Peter's R.C. Primary School; Blackford Pond; and Morningside Library. There are a wide range of small, traditional shops, cafés and restaurants as well as some more mainstream shops and supermarkets such as Waitrose and Marks & Spencer; and there is an independent, family-run cinema, The Dominion. Churches in the area include Morningside United Church (Church of Scotland and United Reformed Church), Christ Church (Scottish Episcopal Church) and Elim Church, all at Holy Corner; Morningside Parish Church in Cluny Gardens; Roman Catholic St Peter's Church and the Old Schoolhouse Christian Fellowship (independent). The former North Morningside Parish church at Holy Corner was converted for community use in 1980 and is now called the Eric Liddell Centre after the Olympic athlete who lived locally and attended the former Morningside Congregational Church, now the home of Morningside United Church.

Victorian shops in Morningside Road

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%8Dri_Gor%C5%8D

Mōri Gorō

Mōri Gorō

English: Goro Mouri日本語: 毛利五郎

Baron Mōri Gorō of Chōshū was the fifth son of the former head of the Chōshū clan, Mōri Motonori. After almost three years of study in Hastings he was admitted to Gonville and Caius College in 1892. He graduated in 1895 with an ordinary B.A. after taking the examination in Politics and Economics, and became a director of the 110th Bank among other posts before becoming a member of the House of Peers. The funds for Mōri Gorō's education were raised with the support of the influential Chōshū man, Kaoru Inoue.

Baron Mōri Gorō of Chōshū (1871–1925) was the fifth son of the former head of the Chōshū clan, Mōri Motonori (1839–1896). After almost three years of study in Hastings he was admitted to Gonville and Caius College in 1892. He graduated in 1895 with an ordinary B.A. after taking the examination in Politics and Economics, and became a director of the 110th Bank among other posts before becoming a member of the House of Peers (Kizokuin). The funds for Mōri Gorō's education were raised with the support of the influential Chōshū man, Kaoru Inoue.

Baron Mōri Gorō

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empire

Spanish Empire

Ordering colonial society – social structure and legal status

Spanish Empire / Spanish America / Ordering colonial society – social structure and legal status

Español: La obra representa un auto de fe celebrado en el siglo XVII en una gran plaza pública española.

The Spanish Empire, historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy and as the Catholic Monarchy, was one of the largest empires in history. From the late 15th century to the early 19th, Spain controlled a huge overseas territory in the New World, the Asian archipelago of the Philippines, what they called "The Indies" and territories in Europe, Africa and Oceania. It was one of the most powerful empires of the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish Empire became known as "the empire on which the sun never sets" and reached its maximum extension in the 18th century. Castile became the dominant kingdom in Iberia because of its jurisdiction over the overseas empire in the Americas and the Philippines. The structure of empire was established under the Spanish Habsburgs, and under the Spanish Bourbon monarchs the empire was brought under greater crown control and increased its revenues from the Indies. The crown's authority in The Indies was enlarged by the papal grant of powers of patronage, giving it power in the religious sphere.

Codes regulated the status of individuals and groups in the empire in both the civil and religious spheres, with Spaniards (peninsular- and American-born) monopolizing positions of economic privilege and political power. Royal law and Catholicism codified and maintained hierarchies of class and race, while all were subjects of the crown and mandated to be Catholic. The crown took active steps to establish and maintain Catholicism by evangelizing the pagan indigenous populations, as well as African slaves not previously Christian, and incorporating them into Christendom. The Catholicism remains the dominant religion in Spanish America. The crown also imposed restrictions on emigration to the Americas, excluding Jews and crypto-Jews, Protestants, and foreigners, using the Casa de Contratación to vet potential emigres and issue licenses to travel. The portrait to the right was most likely used as a souvenir. For those who traveled to the New World and back it was common to bring back souvenirs as there were a great interest in what the New World meant. The land would be significantly different but there was a special emphasis put on the emerging mixed races. Not only was there whites mixing with blacks but there were natives mixing with both whites and blacks as well. From a Spanish viewpoint, the castas paintings would most-likely have provided a sort of sense to the madness that was mixed races. There were political implications of this portrait as well. The mestizo child appears to be literate with a satisfied grin facing his father alluding to the opportunity the child has due to his father being European. A central question from the time of first Contact with indigenous populations was their relationship to the crown and to Christianity. Once those issues were resolved theologically, in practice the crown sought to protect its new vassals. It did so by dividing peoples of the Americas into the República de Indios, the native populations, and the República de Españoles. The República de Españoles was the entire Hispanic sector, composed of Spaniards, but also Africans (enslaved and free), as well as mixed-race castas. Within the República de Indios, men were explicitly excluded from ordination to the Catholic priesthood and obligation for military service as well as the jurisdiction of the Inquisition. Indians under colonial rule who lived in pueblos de indios had crown protections due to their statuses as legal minors. Due to the lack of prior exposure to the Catholic faith, Queen Isabella had declared all indigenous peoples her subjects. This differed from people of the African continent because these populations had theoretically been exposed to Catholicism and chose not to follow it. This religious differentiation is important because it gave indigenous communities legal protections from members of the Républica de Españoles. In fact, an often overlooked aspect of the colonial legal system was that members of the pueblos de indios could appeal to the crown and circumvent the legal system in the Républica de Españoles. The statuses of the indigenous populations as legal minors barred them from becoming priests, but the républica de indios operated with a fair amount of autonomy. Missionaries also acted as guardians against encomendero exploitation. Indian communities had protections of traditional lands by the creation of community lands that could not be alienated, the fondo legal. They managed their own affairs internally through Indian town government under the supervision of royal officials, the corregidores and alcaldes mayores. Although indigenous men were barred from becoming priests, indigenous communities created religious confraternaties under priestly supervision, which functioned as burial societies for their individual members, but also organized community celebrations for their patron saint. Blacks also had separate confraternities, which likewise contributed to community formation and cohesion, reinforcing identity within a Christian institution. Conquest and evangelization were inseparable in Spanish

Auto de Fe in Toledo, Spain 1651. Civil officials oversaw the corporal punishment of those convicted by the Inquisition in public ceremonies.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickens,_Texas

Dickens, Texas

Dickens, Texas

Adapted from Wikipedia's TX county maps by Seth Ilys.

Location of Dickens, Texas

Dickens is a city in and the county seat of Dickens County, Texas, United States. The population was 286 at the 2010 census, down from 332 at the 2000 census. Charles Weldon Cannon, a Dickens County native, made his famous boots and saddles in Dickens.

Dickens is a city in and the county seat of Dickens County, Texas, United States. The population was 286 at the 2010 census, down from 332 at the 2000 census. Charles Weldon Cannon (1915–1997), a Dickens County native, made his famous boots and saddles in Dickens.

Location of Dickens, Texas

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/TXMap-doton-Dickens.PNG

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinderfest_(Memmingen)

Kinderfest (Memmingen)

Today's schedule

Kinderfest (Memmingen) / Today's schedule

Das Memminger Kinderfest, die Trommlerbuben auf der Tribüne am Marktplatz

The Kinderfest in Memmingen has a tradition going back more than 400 years. Every year more than 2000 children from the municipal primary and secondary schools take part in the festival.

The Children's Festival takes place on the penultimate Thursday before the Bavarian summer holidays, two days before the Fischertag. On Wednesday evening, numerous Memmingen chapels and groups will be playing music in the old town and playing the so-called "Zapfenstreich". The next morning, the children are festively dressed. The girls traditionally receive a wreath of flowers. After an ecumenical service in the inner-city churches, the children walk to the market square, accompanied by music bands. There they sing on a stage and perform modern and historical dances. The Lord Mayor with his golden chain of office welcomes children and guests from the balcony of the Grand Guild. If the weather is bad, the event takes place in the city's town hall. After the event on the market square, the children return to their schools where they receive presents, including a sausage and a pretzel. The procession from the "Hallhof" to the stadium grounds starts begins at 1 pm. For this purpose, the children in their school classes come up with various costumes weeks in advance and usually make them themselves. Each school presents a different motto. The parade is accompanied by municipal music bands and chapels from the surrounding area. The final event is the "Memminger Mau wagon", which is accompanied on which the Lord Mayor of the city of Memmingen and dignitaries drive. On the stadium grounds the children can take part in various games or ride a historic train on wheels and a pony carriage. For the older generations, the city's chapel plays in the stadium hall.

The drummer boys on the grandstand at the market square.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Kinderfest1.JPG

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratrooper_Battalion_261_(Bundeswehr)

Paratrooper Battalion 261 (Bundeswehr)

History

Paratrooper Battalion 261 (Bundeswehr) / History

Deutsch: Fallschirmjäger der Saarlandbrigade während einer Parade in Paris, Juli 2007 English: Fallschirmjäger of the 26th Air Assault Batallion "Saarland" of the German Army marching on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris during the 2007 Bastille Day Military Parade Français : détachement 26e brigade aéroportée allemande au cours du défilé du 14 juillet 2007 sur les Champs Elysées à Paris

The Paratrooper Battalion 261 was one of the three combat battalions of the German Army's Airborne Brigade 26, which was a part of the Special Operations Division. Paratrooper Battalion 261 was fully airmobile and could act both as air assault infantry or be dropped by parachute into the area of operations.

The battalion was activated as Airborne Infantry Battalion 9 (Luftlandejägerbataillon 9) on September 3, 1956, being the first combat battalion of the now defunct Airborne Brigade 25. Since 1961, the headquarters of the battalion have been hosted in Lebach. The arsenal of the battalion was attacked and robbed in 1969. Four of the sentries were killed in cold blood. The unit temporarily belonged to the multiliteral AMF(L) Brigade. It has taken part in overseas operations since 1993 when large parts of the battalion deployed to Somalia. Since then, Paratrooper Battalion 261 has taken part in numerous operations all over the globe and spent much time in northern Afghanistan battling the resurgent Taliban insurgency. In 2007, thirty troops received the great honour of an invitation to the French Bastille Day parade. Following a restructuring of the German armed forces, the battalion was disbanded on 31 March 2015 and merged into the newly raised Paratrooper Regiment 26.

A detachment from Paratrooper Battalion 261 marching at the international military parade on Bastille Day 2007

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassin_de_l%27Arsenal

Bassin de l'Arsenal

Bassin de l'Arsenal

English: The Bastille during demolition, July 1789

The Bassin de l'Arsenal is a boat basin in Paris. It links the Canal Saint-Martin, which begins at the Place de la Bastille, to the Seine, at the Quai de la Rapée. A component of the Réseau des Canaux Parisiens, it forms part of the boundary between the 4th and the 12th arrondissements. It is bordered by the Boulevard Bourdon on the 4th side and the Boulevard de la Bastille on the 12th side. From the 16th century until the 19th, an arsenal existed at this location. The arsenal accounts for the name of the basin and the name of the neighborhood, Arsenal, bordering the westerly side of the basin. After the destruction of the Bastille fortress in November 1789, the Bassin de l'Arsenal was excavated to replace the ditch that had been in place to draw water from the Seine to fill the moat at the fortress. During the nineteenth century and most of the twentieth, the Bassin de l'Arsenal was a commercial port where goods were loaded and unloaded.

The Bassin de l'Arsenal (also known as the Port de l'Arsenal) is a boat basin in Paris. It links the Canal Saint-Martin, which begins at the Place de la Bastille, to the Seine, at the Quai de la Rapée. A component of the Réseau des Canaux Parisiens (Parisian Canal Network), it forms part of the boundary between the 4th and the 12th arrondissements. It is bordered by the Boulevard Bourdon on the 4th (westerly) side and the Boulevard de la Bastille on the 12th (easterly) side. From the 16th century until the 19th, an arsenal existed at this location. The arsenal accounts for the name of the basin and the name of the neighborhood, Arsenal, bordering the westerly (4th arrondissement) side of the basin. After the destruction of the Bastille fortress in November 1789 (during the French Revolution), the Bassin de l'Arsenal was excavated to replace the ditch that had been in place to draw water from the Seine to fill the moat at the fortress. During the nineteenth century and most of the twentieth, the Bassin de l'Arsenal was a commercial port where goods were loaded and unloaded. Separated from the Seine by the Morland lockgate, the port was converted into a leisure port in 1983 by a decision of the Mairie de Paris (Paris City Hall) and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and it is now run by the Association for the Leisure Port of Paris-Arsenal. The basin is part of France's national Voies navigables de France (VNF, Navigable Waterways of France) system. Since that time, it has been a marina (in French, a port de plaisance), for approximately 180 pleasure boats.

The destruction of the Bastille with the fossé (ditch) in the foreground. The fossé was later converted into the Bassin de l'Arsenal.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabila

Mabila

Fortress town

Mabila / Fortress town

English: Hernando de Soto and his men burn Mabila, after a surprise attack by Chief Tuskaloosa and his people, 1540 CE.

Mabila was a small fortress town known to the paramount chief Tuskaloosa in 1540, in a region of present-day central Alabama. The exact location has been debated for centuries, but southwest of present-day Selma, Alabama, is one possibility. In 1540 Chief Tuskaloosa arranged for more than 2500 native warriors to be concealed at Mabila, prepared to attack a large party of foreign invaders in the Mississippian culture territory: Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and his expedition. When Hernando de Soto had first met Tuskaloosa at his home village, and asked him for supplies, Tuskaloosa advised them to travel to another of his towns, known as Mabila, where supplies would be waiting. A native messenger was sent ahead to Mabila. When Tuskaloosa arrived with the first group of Spaniards, he asked the Spanish people to leave the settlement and territory. A fight broke out between one soldier and a native, and many warriors emerged from where they had been hiding in houses and began shooting arrows at the Spaniards. The Spaniards fled, leaving their possessions inside the fortress. The full conflict that resulted is called the Battle of Mabila.

The walled compound of Mabila, one of many encountered by the Spaniards in their exploration, was enclosed in a thick stuccoed wall, 16.5-ft (5-m) high. It was made from wide tree trunks tied with cross-beams and covered with mud/straw stucco, to appear as a solid wall. The fortress was defended by Muskogee warriors, who shot arrows or threw stones. Based on the earlier sources, Garcilaso de la Vega described the town of Mabila as: "...on a very fine plain and had an enclosure three estados (about 16.5 feet or 5-m) high, which was made of logs as thick as oxen. They were driven into the ground so close together that they touched one another. Other beams, longer and not so thick, were placed crosswise on the outside and inside and attached with split canes and strong cords. On top they were daubed with a great deal of mud packed down with long straw, which mixture filled all the cracks and open spaces between the logs and their fastenings in such manner that it really looked like a wall finished with a mason's trowel. At intervals of fifty paces around this enclosure, were towers capable of holding seven or eight men who could fight in them. The lower part of the enclosure, to 'the height of an estado' (5.55 feet), was full of loopholes for shooting arrows at those on the outside. The pueblo had only two gates, one on the east and the other on the west. In the middle of the pueblo, was a spacious plaza around which were the largest and most important houses." 

Artist's impression of Mabila: note walls appear solid (stuccoed tree trunks).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Derby

Texas Derby

Top scorers

Texas Derby / Top scorers

English: Houston Dynamo - FC Dallas MLS game

The Texas Derby is a soccer rivalry between the Houston Dynamo and FC Dallas, recognizing the best club in the state for the season. The two squads play a series of games with the series winner taking home El Capitán, a replica 18th century mountain howitzer cannon. The series is tied on 7–7. The Houston Dynamo clinched the 2006 series with a win on August 12, 2006 and the 2007 series with a win on August 19, 2007. FC Dallas claimed the 2008 series on the away goals rule, after having tied with Dynamo in all three games played that season. The away goals rule is no longer used as a tiebreaker. Both the 2016 and 2017 series were tied, the first since 2008 and the first since the tiebreaker rules were changed. Houston won the 2016 series on goal differential. The tiebreakers couldn't separate the teams in 2017 so Houston retained El Capitán. Since the beginning of 2013, the teams have met 20 times. During this 8-year period, Houston has won only 2 of these matches while Dallas has been victorious 11 times, including a 7-match win streak.

Bold indicates a player who is still on a FC Dallas or Houston Dynamo roster.

All-time series leading scorer Brian Ching

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Belcher_(jurist)

Jonathan Belcher (jurist)

Notes

Jonathan Belcher (jurist) / Notes

English: Governor's House, Halifax, Nova Scotia (inset) by Dominic Serres, c. 1765

Jonathan Belcher was a British-American lawyer, chief justice, and Colonial Governor of Nova Scotia. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, the second son of Jonathan Belcher and Mary Partridge, Belcher entered Harvard College, where in 1728 he received a Bachelor of Arts degree. In 1731 he proceeded to Master of Arts, also at Harvard. In 1730, he entered the Middle Temple, London, to read law, and in 1734 was called to the English bar. In the meantime he had been admitted as a fellow-commoner to Trinity College, Cambridge, where in 1733 he received another master's degree in mathematics. He later received a third master's degree from the College of New Jersey. In 1754, Belcher was sent to Nova Scotia to become the first Chief Justice of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court. Prior to Belcher's arrival Nova Scotia had no formally trained law officers. He also served on the Nova Scotia Council. On July 28, 1755, he published a document which concluded that deportation of the Acadians was both authorized and required under the law. From 1761 to 1763, he was also Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia. He negotiated the peace that led to the Burying the Hatchet ceremony in Nova Scotia.

https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10222/62899/dalrev_vol41_iss3_pp347_353.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "Belcher, Jonathan (BLCR732J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge. Buggey 1979 Bakan, Joel (2010). Canadian constitutional law. Toronto: Emond Montgomery Publications. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-55239-332-1. Bell, Whitfield J., and Charles Greifenstein, Jr. Patriot-Improvers: Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Philosophical Society. 3 vols. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997, I:104, 223, 516, 519-25, 520, III:133,416, 497. Early American Silver in The Metropolitan Museum of Art By Wees, Beth Carver, Harvey, Medill Higgins, p. 112

Governor Belcher's residence (built 1749). (Located on the site of Province House, which still is furnished with his Nova Scotia Council table)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodend,_Northamptonshire

Woodend, Northamptonshire

Woodend, Northamptonshire

English: Lane from Green's Park Looking in the direction of Woodend Green

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Woodend is a small village in the district of South Northamptonshire in the English county of Northamptonshire. It is 6 miles west of the town of Towcester and was a hamlet in the parish of Blakesley until 1866, when it became a parish in its own right. After World War I it was designated a "thankful village", all of the soldiers it sent to war having returned safely. The population of the village at the 2011 Census was 322. There is a Barrow about 250 yards east of Green's Park Farm.

Woodend is a small village in the district of South Northamptonshire in the English county of Northamptonshire. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) west of the town of Towcester and was a hamlet in the parish of Blakesley until 1866, when it became a parish in its own right. After World War I it was designated a "thankful village", all of the soldiers it sent to war having returned safely. The population of the village at the 2011 Census was 322. There is a Barrow about 250 yards east of Green's Park Farm.

Lane from Green's Park

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turret_lathe

Turret lathe

Mid-nineteenth century: do not treat duplicate parts like one-off parts

Turret lathe / Significance to the history of technology / Mid-nineteenth century: do not treat duplicate parts like one-off parts

English: Title: Beulah Faith, 20, used to be sales clerk in department store, reaming tools for transport on lathe machine, Consolidated Aircraft Corp., Fort Worth, Texas

The turret lathe is a form of metalworking lathe that is used for repetitive production of duplicate parts, which by the nature of their cutting process are usually interchangeable. It evolved from earlier lathes with the addition of the turret, which is an indexable toolholder that allows multiple cutting operations to be performed, each with a different cutting tool, in easy, rapid succession, with no need for the operator to perform set-up tasks in between, such as installing or uninstalling tools, or to control the toolpath. The latter is due to the toolpath's being controlled by the machine, either in jig-like fashion, via the mechanical limits placed on it by the turret's slide and stops, or via electronically-directed servomechanisms for computer numerical control lathes.

The development of the turret lathe around the middle of the nineteenth century was a key aspect of the advancement of manufacturing technology. Unlike bench lathes, engine lathes, and toolroom lathes, on which each tool change involved some amount of setup, and toolpath had to be carefully controlled by the operator, turret lathes allowed the multiple tool changes and toolpaths of one part-cutting cycle to be repeated with little time or effort. By taking the tool-changing and the toolpath control out of the hands of the operator and building it into the machine tool, it accomplished several feats: it made interchangeable parts easier, faster, and thus cheaper to produce; and it made their production possible by workers with little skill. As long as a few skilled engineers, toolmakers, and setup technicians made and equipped the machine correctly, just about any operator could be hired (inexpensively) to run it. Another way to look at this change is that humans gradually figured out that they should not treat duplicate parts like one-off parts. You do not need a master craftsman to cut each duplicate part as if it were unique; if you can set up a repeatable sequence of restricted movements, you can simply repeat the same sequence with each part. And if you can preserve the setting of each tool, so that a tool change does not destroy the setting, but rather lets it be indexed back into position whenever needed, then you have saved vast amounts of time and effort. The ideas above developed gradually, first in the armory practice of the mid and late nineteenth century (otherwise known as the American system), and then in true mass production during the twentieth century. Those two phenomena have not always been differentiated from each other, but the difference is in the degree to which toolpath control had replaced skilled fitting, or, as it is more often expressed, the degree to which "the skill had been built into the machine tool". The replacement did not happen overnight, but rather was a gradual tapering off of reliance upon fitting, the progress varying by plant and by decade, until it had been completely eliminated from the assembly process, creating true mass production.

Turret lathe operator, USA, 1942.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pennant

Thomas Pennant

Tours in Scotland

Thomas Pennant / Scientific work and publications / Tours in Scotland

English: Cottage on Islay from Thomas Pennant's Tour of 1772

Thomas Pennant was a Welsh naturalist, traveller, writer and antiquarian. He was born and lived his whole life at his family estate, Downing Hall near Whitford, Flintshire, in Wales. As a naturalist he had a great curiosity, observing the geography, geology, plants, animals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish around him and recording what he saw and heard about. He wrote acclaimed books including British Zoology, the History of Quadrupeds, Arctic Zoology and Indian Zoology although he never travelled further afield than continental Europe. He knew and maintained correspondence with many of the scientific figures of his day. His books influenced the writings of Samuel Johnson. As an antiquarian, he amassed a considerable collection of art and other works, largely selected for their scientific interest. Many of these works are now housed at the National Library of Wales. As a traveller he visited Scotland and many other parts of Britain and wrote about them. Many of his travels took him to places that were little known to the British public and the travelogues he produced, accompanied by painted and engraved colour plates, were much appreciated.

While work on the Synopsis of Quadrupeds was still in progress, Pennant decided on a journey to Scotland, a relatively unexplored country and not previously visited by a naturalist. He set out in June 1769 and kept a journal and made sketches as he travelled. He visited the Farne Islands off the Northumberland coast on the way and was much impressed by the breeding seabird colonies. He entered Scotland via Berwick-on-Tweed and proceeded via Edinburgh and up the east coast, continuing through Perth, Aberdeen and Inverness. His return journey south took him through Fort William, Glen Awe, Inverary and Glasgow. He was unimpressed by the climate but was interested in all he saw and made enquiries about the local economy. He described in detail the scenery around Loch Ness. He enthused over the Arctic char, a fish new to him but did not mention a monster in the lake. He observed red deer, black grouse, white hares and ptarmigan. He saw the capercaillie in the forests of Glenmoriston and Strathglass and mentioned the pine grosbeak, the only occasion on which it has been recorded from Scotland. He enquired into the fisheries and commerce of the different places he passed through and visited the great houses, reporting on the antiquities he found there. He finished his journey by visiting Edinburgh again and travelling through Moffat, Gretna and Carlisle on his way back to Wales, having taken about three months on his travels. On his return home, Pennant wrote an account of his tour in Scotland which met with some acclaim and which may have been responsible for an increase in the number of English people visiting the country. In 1771 his Synopsis of Quadrupeds was published; a second edition was expanded into a History of Quadrupeds. At the end of that same year, 1771, he published A Tour in Scotland in 1769. This proved so popular that he decided to undertake another journey and in the summer of 1772, set out from Chester with two companions, the Rev. John Lightfoot, a naturalist, and Rev. J. Stewart, a Scotsman knowledgeable in the customs of the country. They travelled through the Lake District, Carlisle, Eskdale, which Pennant much admired, Dumfries and Glasgow. In passing, he was fascinated by the account of the inundation of the surrounding farmland by a bursting out of the Solway Moss peatbog. The party set sail in a ninety-ton cutter from Greenock to explore the outer isles. They first visited Bute and Arran and then continued to Ailsa Craig. Pennant was interested in the birds, frogs and molluscs and considered their distribution. The boat then rounded the Mull of Kintyre and continued to Gigha. They would have continued to Islay but were becalmed. During this enforced idleness, the ever-industrious Pennant started on his ancient history of the Hebrides. When the wind picked up they continued to Jura. Here, as elsewhere, they were hospitably welcomed, lent horses to explore the island and shown the principal sights and the improvements that had been made. Pennant records the scenery, customs and superstitions of the inhabitants with many an anecdote. They later reached Islay where Pennant found geese nesting on the moors, a more southerly nesting site for geese than had previously been recorded. Their journey next took them to Colonsay, Iona and Canna and eventually to Mull and Skye. A projected journey to Staffa was prevented by adverse weather. Returning to the mainland, the party paid off their boat and attempted to travel northwards to the most northerly tip of Scotland. In this they were thwarted and had to retrace their route, having met bogs, hazardous rocks and country that even their "shoeless little steeds" had difficulty in negotiating. They returned to Skye for a while before parting company, Pennant continuing his tour while his companions returned to England, Lightfoot carrying with him most of the material he would later use when writing his Flora Scotica. Pennant visited Inverary, Dunkeld, Perth and Montrose. In the latter, he was surprised to learn that sixty or seventy thousand lobsters were caught and

Cottage on Islay, by John Cleveley the Younger, in Pennant's A Tour in Scotland, and Voyage to the Hebrides 1772

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Hittle

James D. Hittle

James D. Hittle

English: James Donald Hittle (June 10, 1915 - June 15, 2002) was a decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of Brigadier General. He is most noted for his service as Legislative Assistant to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, between June 1952 - January 1960. Following his retirement from the Marine Corps, Hittle served as United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) from March 1969 until March 1971.

James Donald Hittle was a decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. He is most noted for his service as legislative assistant to the commandant of the Marine Corps, between June 1952 and January 1960. Following his retirement from the Marine Corps, Hittle served as United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy from March 1969 until March 1971. Hittle was also a member of so-called "Chowder Society", special Marine Corps Board, which was tasked to conduct research and prepare material relative to postwar legislation concerning the role of the Marine Corps in national defense.

James Donald Hittle (June 10, 1915 – June 15, 2002) was a decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. He is most noted for his service as legislative assistant to the commandant of the Marine Corps, between June 1952 and January 1960. Following his retirement from the Marine Corps, Hittle served as United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) from March 1969 until March 1971. Hittle was also a member of so-called "Chowder Society", special Marine Corps Board, which was tasked to conduct research and prepare material relative to postwar legislation concerning the role of the Marine Corps in national defense.

BG James D. Hittle, USMC

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_oil_and_gas_in_California

Offshore oil and gas in California

Ownership of offshore oil and gas

Offshore oil and gas in California / Ownership of offshore oil and gas

English: Oil platforms in the Long Beach area. The four small islands shown in Long Beach Harbor are artificial islands for oil and gas wells.

Offshore oil and gas in California provides a significant portion of the state's petroleum production. Offshore oil and gas has been a contentious issue for decades, first over the question of state versus federal ownership, but since 1969 mostly over questions of resource development versus environmental protection. Notable offshore fields include the Ellwood Oil Field and the Wilmington Oil Field, both of which are partially onshore and partially offshore, and the large Dos Cuadras Field in the Santa Barbara Channel, which is entirely in the federal zone. State offshore seabed in California produced 37,400 barrels of oil per day, and federal offshore tracts produced 66,400 barrels of oil per day in November 2008. State and federal offshore tracts together made up 16% of the state's oil production.

The issue of state versus federal ownership has a long and contentious history (see Tidelands). The US Supreme Court ruled in 1947 that the federal government owned all the seabed off the California coast. However, the US Congress passed the Outer Continental Shelf Act in 1953, which recognized state ownership of the seabed within 3 nautical miles (6 km) of the shore. In some cases, the state granted ownership of offshore seabed to the adjacent municipalities. In this way Long Beach was granted ownership of Long Beach Harbor in 1911. When the Wilmington field was discovered, Long Beach contracted with oil companies to produce oil from the city-owned offshore part of the field.

Oil platforms in the Long Beach area. The four small islands shown in Long Beach Harbor are artificial islands for oil and gas wells.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janesville,_Minnesota

Janesville, Minnesota

Demographics

Janesville, Minnesota / Demographics

English: Janesville Free Public Library, Janesville, Minnesota, USA.

Janesville is a city in Waseca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 2,256 at the 2010 census. U.S. Highway 14 serves as a main route in the community, running east–west, south of Janesville. County Road 3 runs north–south through the town. There is one disabled stoplight, now a four way stop, in Janesville at the intersection of County Road 3 and old Highway 14.

The Janesville Free Public Library, built in 1912 as a Carnegie library, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_sacral_artery

Lateral sacral artery

Lateral sacral artery

The lateral sacral arteries arise from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery; there are usually two, a superior and an inferior.

The lateral sacral arteries arise from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery; there are usually two, a superior and an inferior.

The iliac veins. (Lateral sacral labeled at bottom left.)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gray586.png

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Tenney_Johnson

Frank Tenney Johnson

Career

Frank Tenney Johnson / Career

English: Frontispiece--from scan of book "The joyous trouble maker" (1918) by Jackson Gregory. Illus by Frank Tenney Johnson.

Frank Tenney Johnson was a painter of the Old American West, and he popularized a style of painting cowboys which became known as "The Johnson Moonlight Technique". Somewhere on the Range is an example of Johnson's moonlight technique. To paint his paintings he used knives, fingers and brushes.

In his early career, he worked primarily as an illustrator. He began working for Field & Stream magazine in 1904. He also illustrated for Boys' Life magazine. In addition to Field & Stream, he contributed to Cosmopolitan and Harpers Weekly magazines, and illustrated the Western novels of Zane Grey. Johnson lived permanently in New York City from 1904 until 1920, making numerous trips to the west to gather source material for his works that were completed in his New York studio. In 1912 he joined cowboy artist Charles Russell on a sketching expedition to the Blackfoot Reservation east of Glacier National Park in Montana. He lived and worked on the Lazy 7 Ranch in Hayden, Colorado for a while, where he gained the title "Cow-Puncher Artist." Later he went southwest to work on painting Native Americans. In 1920, he moved to 22 Champion Place in Alhambra, California where he shared a studio with Clyde Forsythe. At this point Johnson's easel paintings became more popular than his illustrations so he concentrated in this medium. Together Johnson and Forsythe exhibited in the Biltmore Art Gallery started by Jack Wilkinson Smith at the Biltmore Hotel according to Edan Milton Hughes, Artists in California 1786 – 1940. Between 1931 and 1939, he spent much of his time at his studio in Cody, Wyoming, just outside Yellowstone National Park. Many of his paintings were done there from studies inside the park. He has been called the "Master of American Moonlight Painting" and "Master Painter of the Old West." Attending a social event with his wife, Johnson happened to greet a socialite with a kiss on the cheek. Unfortunately, he contracted spinal meningitis from her with that kiss. She died a few days later, and then he died from the disease on New Year's Day 1939 in Pasadena, California.

The Joyous Troublemaker, an illustration designed by Johnson.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiergarten_(park)

Tiergarten (park)

Tiergarten (park)

Deutsch: Der Tiergarten in Berlin mit der Siegessäule in der Mitte, dahiner Südliches Hansaviertel, Spree und Moabit English: Berlin-Tiergarten park with the 'victory column' in the middle, followed by Südliches Hansaviertel, Spree and Moabit

The Tiergarten is Berlin’s most popular inner-city park, located completely in the district of the same name. The park is 210 hectares in size and is among the largest urban gardens of Germany. Only the Tempelhofer Park and Munich's Englischer Garten are larger.

The Tiergarten (formal German name: Großer Tiergarten) is Berlin’s most popular inner-city park, located completely in the district of the same name. The park is 210 hectares (520 acres) in size and is among the largest urban gardens of Germany. Only the Tempelhofer Park (previously Berlin's Tempelhof airport) and Munich's Englischer Garten are larger.

Großer Tiergarten in the centre, with the narrow long Kleiner Tiergarten at the upper edge.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamshad_Kooshan

Kamshad Kooshan

Kamshad Kooshan

English: Picture of Iranian-American Writer/Director "Kamshad Kooshan"

Kamshad Kooshan is an Iranian-American Movie Writer and Director. كامشاد كوشان Iranian-born and Bay Area film director, screenwriter and film producer, Kamshad Kooshan, immigrated to the United States at the age of sixteen. He has been involved with photography since the age of 12 and has had many exhibitions. Additionally he has directed full length plays in various San Francisco venues and has written and published many short stories, among them, Moonlit Garden, a collection of short stories published by Raha Press. Since graduating from San Francisco State University and studying at American Conservatory of Theater, Kooshan wrote and directed three short films, with the last, The Last Illusion, touring such venues as American Film Institute and UCLA Film & Television Archive. He has taught at the Graduate Motion Picture & Video department of Academy of Art University in San Francisco for four years. In 1998, his screenplay, Surviving Paradise, attracted producers and investors and with more than 50 actors went into production in Los Angeles.

Kamshad Kooshan (Persian: كامشاد كوشان; born December 19, 1962) is an Iranian-American Movie Writer and Director. كامشاد كوشان Iranian-born and Bay Area film director, screenwriter and film producer, Kamshad Kooshan, immigrated to the United States at the age of sixteen. He has been involved with photography since the age of 12 and has had many exhibitions. Additionally he has directed full length plays in various San Francisco venues and has written and published many short stories, among them, Moonlit Garden, a collection of short stories published by Raha Press. Since graduating from San Francisco State University and studying at American Conservatory of Theater, Kooshan wrote and directed three short films, with the last, The Last Illusion, touring such venues as American Film Institute and UCLA Film & Television Archive. He has taught at the Graduate Motion Picture & Video department of Academy of Art University in San Francisco for four years. In 1998, his screenplay, Surviving Paradise, attracted producers and investors and with more than 50 actors went into production in Los Angeles. Upon completion, after being invited to various international film festivals as an American film, garnering attention from critics and the media. The film went on a three-month theatrical run at major American theater chains, introducing Shohreh Aghdashloo to Hollywood and becoming the first English-language Iranian feature film by an Iranian-American filmmaker to be distributed theatrically in North America.

Kamshad Kooshan

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gac%C3%A9

Gacé

Administration

Gacé / Administration

château des 12ème et 16ème siècles, en pierre et briques rouges (Gacé,,Orne, France)

Gacé is a commune in the Orne department in Lower-Normandy, north-western France.

City Hall in the Castle

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lada_Riva

Lada Riva

2104

Lada Riva / Models / 2104

English: White Lada 21043 1500 station wagon seen in Jasło, Poland.

The VAZ-2105, VAZ-2104 and VAZ-2107 are a series of compact cars of Zhiguli brand built by Russian car manufacturer AvtoVAZ, introduced in 1980 in the Soviet Union, and progressively in other European markets through the early 1980s and sold in sedan and station wagon versions. AvtoVAZ cars are currently branded as Ladas. Today they are generally referred to as the Lada Classic series, being derived from the original Fiat 124 platform which has been the now-iconic mainstay of the AvtoVAZ lineup since the company's foundation in the late 1960s. The production in Russia ended between 2010 and 2012, however, the Lada 2107 remained in production in Egypt until 2015. It is the third best selling automobile platform after the Volkswagen Beetle and the Ford Model T, and one of the longest production run platforms alongside the Volkswagen Beetle, the Hindustan Ambassador and the Volkswagen Type 2.

Estate edition VAZ-2104 - VAZ-2105 engine, a 1.3-litre carburetor, 4-speed transmission (CAT), the base model VAZ-21041 - engine VAZ-2101, 1.2-litre, 4-carb item. PPC. Not commercially produced. VAZ-21042 - engine VAZ-2103, 1.5-litre, right hand drive. VAZ-21043 - engine VAZ-2103, 1.5-litre carburetor with a 4 - or 5-speed. CAT, in versions with electrical equipment and interior of the VAZ-2107. VAZ-21044 - engine VAZ-2107, 1.7-litre, single injection, 5-speed. CAT, export model. VAZ-21045 - engine VAZ-2107, 1.8-litre, single injection, 5-speed. CAT, export model. Not commercially produced. VAZ-21045D - VAZ-341 engine, 1.5-litre, diesel, 5-speed. PPC. VAZ-21047 - engine VAZ-2103, 1.5-litre, carb, 5-speed. CAT, an improved version with the interior of the VAZ-2104/7. Export modifications were equipped with the radiator grille of the VAZ-2107. VAZ-21048 - engine VAZ-343, 1.77-litre, diesel, 5-speed. PPC. VAZ-21041i - engine VAZ-21067 1.6 litres injector, 5-speed gearbox, with the same interior and electrics as the VAZ-2107, the front seats of the IL-2126. VAZ-21041 VF - radiator design VAZ-2107, VAZ-2103 engine of 1.5 litres injector, 5-speed gearbox, interior and electrical VAZ-2107 car, the front seats of the Izh-2126. Pickup Edition VAZ-21043-33 Pikap - 1.5-litre with 52 kW, produced from 1991 to 2012 at PSA VIS-Avto.

VAZ-21043 rear

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specimens_of_Archaeopteryx

Specimens of Archaeopteryx

The Daiting specimen

Specimens of Archaeopteryx / The Daiting specimen

English: Fossil specimen of a partial skeleton of Archaeopteryx (catalogue no. SNSB BSPG VN-2010/1). This specimen is called “the eighth specimen” and was probably found around 1990 at the village of Daiting in the bavarian part of Suevia, Germany, and is therefore also referred to as “the Daiting specimen”. It comprises a badly preserved skull (right), left and right scapula (below the skull), left humerus, tibia, fibula, and a partial manus as well as a right partial humerus (centre and left). It was for the first time ever on public display at the the 2009 Munich Mineral Days, where this photo was taken. The image shows the original fossil – not a cast.In 2018 this specimen became the holotype of Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi Kundrát et al. The results of a statistical analysis of geochemical data suggest, that it comes from the Mörnsheim Formation, which is slightly younger than the Solnhofen Member of the Altmühltal Formation but is still of early Tithonian age.[1] Deutsch: Fossilexemplar eines Teilskeletts von Archaeopteryx (Sammlungs-Nr. SNSB BSPG VN-2010/1). Dieses Exemplar wird auch „das achte Exemplar“ genannt und wurde wahrscheinlich schon um 1990 in Daiting, im bayerischen Teil Schwabens, gefunden, weshalb es auch als „Daitinger Exemplar“ bezeichnet wird. Es besteht aus einen schlecht erhaltenen Schädel (links), rechtem und linkem Schulterblatt (Scapula, unterhalb des Schädels), linkem Oberarmknochen (Humerus), den linken Unterarmknochen (Tibia und Fibula) und einem Teil der „Hand“ sowie einem unvollständigen rechten Humerus. Es wurde während der Münchner Mineralientage 2009 erstmals öffentlich ausgestellt, wo dieses Bild aufgenommen wurde. Das Bild zeigt das Original-Fossil, keinen Abguss.Im Jahr 2018 avancierte dieses Exemplar zum Holotyp der Spezies Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi Kundrát et al. Die Ergebnisse einer statistischen Auswertung geochemischer Daten legen nahe, dass das Stück der Mörnsheim-Formation entstammt, die etwas jünger ist als die Solnhofen-Subformation der Altmühltal-Formation, aber noch ins frühe Tithon fällt.[1] ↑ a b Martin Kundrát, John Nudds, Benjamin P. Kear, Junchang Lü, Per Ahlberg (2018): The first specimen of Archaeopteryx from the Upper Jurassic Mörnsheim Formation of Germany. Historical Biology 31(1):3-63, doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1518443

Archaeopteryx fossils from the quarries of Solnhofen limestone represent the most famous and well-known fossils from this area. They are highly significant to paleontology and avian evolution in that they document the fossil record's oldest-known birds. Over the years, twelve body fossil specimens of Archaeopteryx and a feather that may belong to it have been found, though the Haarlem specimen was reassigned to another genus by two researchers in 2017. All of the fossils come from the upper Jurassic lithographic limestone deposits, quarried for centuries, near Solnhofen, Germany.

An eighth, fragmentary specimen was discovered in 1990, not in Solnhofen limestone, but in somewhat younger sediments at Daiting, Suevia. It is therefore known as the Daiting Specimen, and had been known since 1996 only from a cast, briefly shown at the Naturkundemuseum in Bamberg. The original was purchased by palaeontologist Raimund Albertsdörfer in 2009. It was on display for the first time with six other original fossils of Archaeopteryx at the Munich Mineral Show in October 2009. A first, quick look by scientists indicates that this specimen might represent a new species of Archaeopteryx. It was found in a limestone bed that was a few hundred thousand years younger than the other finds.

Daiting Specimen, holotype of Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCfide_Kadri

Müfide Kadri

Biography

Müfide Kadri / Biography

Turkish painter Müfide Kadri, Self-portrait

Müfide Kadri Hanım was a Turkish painter and composer; one of the first female artists in Turkey and the first professional female art teacher in the Ottoman Empire. She created mostly portraits and scenes with figures.

She lost her mother while still a baby and was adopted by Kadri Bey, a distant relative of some distinction, and his wife, who was childless. She was taught entirely at home by private tutors, who discovered her artistic talent. She began painting seriously at the age of ten and took lessons from Osman Hamdi Bey. Then, she received instruction in drawing and watercolors from Salvatore Valeri, an Italian- born Professor at the "Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi" (School of Fine Arts, now part of the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University). She also learned how to play piano, violin, and traditional instruments such as the oud and kemenche. At the urging of Hamdi Bey, she sent some paintings to an exhibition in Munich, where they were awarded a gold medal. Shortly after, she became a music teacher at Istanbul Girls High School and was later assigned to teach art and embroidery. She also gave painting lessons to Abdul Hamid II's daughter at the Adile Sultan Palace. During this period, she also composed music to the words of various poets that was published in several cultural magazines. Shortly after showing three of her works at a major exhibition held by the Istanbul Opera Society in 1911, she was diagnosed with tuberculosis, but it was too late to provide effective treatment and she died the following year. After her death, forty of her paintings were sold to benefit the "Ottoman Painters Society". Kadri Bey felt so much grief, he made an Umrah to Mecca and lived there until forced to leave when Ottoman rule was overthrown. She was buried in Karacaahmet Cemetery. Her tombstone bears an inscription by the well-known calligrapher, İsmail Hakkı Altunbezer, and her life served as inspiration for the novel Son Eseri (Last Work) by Halide Edip Adıvar, published in serial form in the newspaper Tanin .

Self-portrait

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool,_Southport_and_Preston_Junction_Railway

Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway

Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway

English: The site of Butts Lane Halt railway station in Southport, Merseyside. The station was situated on the embankment to the right of the bridge.

The Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway was formed in 1884, and totaled 7 miles. In 1897 it became part of Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, and on 1 May 1901, its northern terminus switched from Southport Central to Southport Chapel Street. It connected the West Lancashire Railway's lines to the north of Southport to the CLC Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway at Altcar and Hillhouse railway station. Known also as the Barton branch, it ran from 1 September 1887 to 21 January 1952. The Barton branch was notable for the "Altcar Bob" service, introduced in July 1906. The short section of line that contains Meols Cop is still open and has replaced a section of the original Manchester and Southport Railway. This northern part was electrified in 1904 and then de-electrified sixty years later.

The Liverpool, Southport and Preston Junction Railway was formed in 1884, and totaled 7 miles. In 1897 it became part of Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, and on 1 May 1901, its northern terminus switched from Southport Central to Southport Chapel Street. It connected the West Lancashire Railway's lines to the north of Southport to the CLC Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway at Altcar and Hillhouse railway station. Known also as the Barton branch, it ran from 1 September 1887 to 21 January 1952. The Barton branch was notable for the "Altcar Bob" service, introduced in July 1906. The short section of line that contains Meols Cop is still open and has replaced a section of the original Manchester and Southport Railway. This northern part was electrified in 1904 and then de-electrified sixty years later.

Site of Butts Lane Halt

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Damavand

Mount Damavand

Routes to the summit

Mount Damavand / Routes to the summit

English: Mount Damavand volcanic crater in August. فارسی: دهانه آتشفشان دماوند، در مردادماه.

Mount Damavand, a potentially active volcano 5600-m high, is a stratovolcano which is the highest peak in Iran and the highest volcano in Asia. Damāvand has a special place in Persian mythology and folklore. It is in the middle of the Alborz range, adjacent to Varārū, Sesang, Gol-e Zard, and Mīānrūd. It is near the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, in Amol County, Mazandaran Province, 66 kilometres northeast of the city of Tehran. Mount Damāvand is the 12th most prominent peak in the world and the second most prominent in Asia after Mount Everest. It is part of the Volcanic Seven Summits mountaineering challenge.

A major settlement for mountain climbers is the new Iranian Mountain Federation Camp in the village of Polour, located on the south of the mountain. There are at least 16 known routes to the summit, with varying levels of difficulty. Some of them are dangerous and require ice climbing. The most popular route is the southern route which has steps and a camp midway called Bargah Sevom Camp/Shelter at 4,220 m (13,850 ft). The longest route is the Northeastern and it takes two days to reach the summit starting from the downhill village of Nāndal and a night stay at Takht-e Fereydoun (elevation 4,300 m (14,100 ft), a two-story shelter. The western route is noted for its sunset view. Sīmorgh shelter in this route at 4,100 m (13,500 ft) is a newly constructed two story shelter. There is a frozen waterfall/icefall (Persian name Ābshār Yakhī) about 12 m (39 ft) tall and the elevation of 5,100 m (16,700 ft) is the highest fall in Iran and the Middle East.

Damavand volcanic crater in August 2009

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakhla,_Western_Sahara

Dakhla, Western Sahara

History

Dakhla, Western Sahara / History

Español: Mezquita en Dajla (Sahara Occidental)

Dakhla is a city in Western Sahara, a disputed territory currently administered by Morocco. It is the capital of the Moroccan administrative region Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab. It has a population of 106,277 and is built on a narrow peninsula of the Atlantic Coast, the Río de Oro Peninsula, about 550 km south of Laayoune.

The area has been inhabited by Berbers since ancient times. Oulad Dlim is an Arab tribe of Himyari from Yemen that settled in the Sahara in the twelfth century. Dakhla was expanded by Spanish settlers during the expansion of their empire. The Spanish interest in the desert coast of Western Africa's Sahara arose as the result of fishing carried out from the nearby Canary Islands by Spanish fishers and as a result of the Barbary pirates menace. Spanish fishers were seal fur traders and hunters, fishers and whalers along the Saharan coast from Dakhla to Cabo Blanco from 1500 to the present, engaging in whaling for Humpback whales and their calves, mostly around Cape Verde, and the Gulf of Guinea in Annobon, São Tomé and Príncipe islands through 1940. These fishing activities had a negative impact on wildlife, causing the disappearance or endangering of many species, particularly marine mammals and birds. The Spaniards established whaling stations with some cod fishing and trading. In 1881, a dock was anchored off the coast of the Río de Oro Peninsula to support the work of the Canarian fishing fleet. However, it was not until 1884 that Spain formally founded the watering place as Villa Cisneros, in the settlement dated in 1502 by Papal bull. It was included in the enclaves conceded to the Spanish to the east of the Azores islands. In 1884, the settlement was promoted by the Spanish Society of Africanists and funded by the government of Canovas del Castillo. The Spanish military, along with the Spanish Africanist Emilio Bonelli, claimed the coast between Cape Bojador and Cabo Blanco for Spain, founding three settlements on the Saharan coast: one in Villa Cisneros, named in honour of Francisco Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros (1436-1517), the Spanish prelate who was the Grand Inquisitor during the Spanish Inquisition; and another in Cabo Blanco for seal hunting, which was given the name of Medina Gatell; and another in Angra de Cintra with the name of Puerto Badia, in honour of the Arabist and adventurer Domingo Badia. Bonelli got the native inhabitants of the peninsula de Río de Oro to sign an agreement that placed them under the 'protection' of the Kingdom of Spain. Due to the presence of the three new settlements, in December that year the Spanish Government officially informed the main colonial powers assembled at the Berlin Conference that the Spanish Crown was in possession of the territory lying between Cape Bojador and Cape Blanco. During the colonial period, Spanish authorities made Dakhla the capital of the province of Río de Oro, one of the two regions of what was known as Spanish Sahara. They built a military fortress and a modern Catholic church. A prison camp also existed at the fort during the Spanish Civil War at which writers such as Pedro García Cabrera were imprisoned. During the 1960s, the Francoist State also built Dakhla Airport, one of the three paved airports in Western Sahara. It was from Dakhla, then known as Villa Cisneros, that on January 12, 1976, General Gomez de Salazar became the last Spanish soldier to depart what until that moment had been the colony of the Spanish Sahara; faced with Moroccan and Mauritanian pressure, Spanish authorities decided to give up the territory peacefully, instead of undertaking a fight that they believed they could win but would have cost many lives on all sides. Between 1975 and 1979, Dakhla was the provincial capital of the Mauritanian province of Tiris al-Gharbiyya, as Mauritania annexed the southern portion of Western Sahara. Dakhla Airport is used as a civilian airport and by Royal Air Maroc. The 3 km runway can accommodate a Boeing 737 or smaller aircraft. The passenger terminal covers 670 m² and is capable of handling up to 55,000 passengers per year. Dakhla was occupied by Spain from the late 19th century to 1975, when power was then relinquished to a joint administration between Morocco and Mauritania. There was a United Nations-sponsored ceasefire in 1991, but as recently as 2006, most UN member states have refused to recognise Moroccan sovereignty in the a

Mosque in Dakhla.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Urquhart

Frederic Urquhart

Native Police career

Frederic Urquhart / Native Police career

English: native police unit in 1870

Frederic Charles Urquhart was a Native Police officer, Queensland Police Commissioner and Administrator of the Northern Territory.

In 1882, Urquhart was appointed to the paramilitary Native Police as a cadet and was promoted quickly to the rank of second-class sub-inspector within the year. He was initially posted to the barracks near Georgetown and then to the Carl Creek camp on the Gregory River. While stationed at Carl Creek, Urquhart was ordered to go to Burketown and remove the Aboriginals residing there. He rounded them up and marched them east to the Leichhardt River where he threatened to shoot dead their traditional healer if he did not make it rain. In March 1884 Urquhart was transferred to the Cloncurry district to replace the Native Police officer, Marcus Beresford, who had recently been killed in the ongoing conflict with the local Indigenous population. Urquhart and his troopers were soon involved in skirmishes with the resident Kalkadoon and Maithakari peoples. He established a barracks outside of Cloncurry at a locality on the Corella River now known as Urquhart. In July 1884 a well-known colonist, James Powell, was killed by Aboriginals in the region and Urquhart and his troopers were mobilised to conduct a punitive expedition. Alexander Kennedy, a pioneer Scottish pastoralist in the Gulf Country district, accompanied Urquhart in his mission. Together this armed group conducted at least two large massacres of local Aboriginal people. Urquhart later wrote a poem entitled Powell's Revenge about one of the massacres. Some of the stanzas of this poem are as follows: "Fire!" The word rang clearly out in the fresh mountain air from rock and craig that single shout is answered everywhere.         See how the wretched traitors fly smitten with abject fear they dare not stop to fight and die and soon the field is clear.         Unless just dotted here and there a something on the ground a something black with matted hair lies without life or sound. A prospector in the area also came across Urquhart and Kennedy during their expedition. He described how they and the troopers had shot up one native camp, capturing an Aboriginal woman whom they were forcing to lead them to another Aboriginal camp. Kennedy returned to Cloncurry after four weeks out conducting summary justice, but Urquhart and his troopers patrolled the region for an additional five weeks "clearing up" any assemblage of native people they found. Urquhart became a close associate of Alexander Kennedy, who regularly accompanied him on other Native Police patrols. Kennedy later became a founding director of the Qantas airline company. While based at Cloncurry, Urquhart was involved in other massacres of Indigenous people. Probably the most well known of these was the skirmish later known as the Battle Mountain incident. Urquhart and his troopers were following up the killing of a shepherd at the Granada sheep station when they encountered a group of Kalkadoon. The Kalkadoon retreated to a rocky hill at the head of Prospector's Creek where they proceeded to pelt the Native Police with stones and spears. Urquhart was hit in the head and momentarily lost consciousness. He quickly recovered and led the Native Police in a flanking movement around the hill and proceeded to the massacre the resisting group of Kalkadoon. In 1888, Urquhart was transferred to conduct Native Police operations on the Cape York Peninsula. He was speared in the leg during a skirmish with Aboriginal people at the headwaters of the Wenlock River. This occurred as part of a punitive mission following the killing of colonist Edmund Watson near the Archer River. Urquhart and his troopers patrolled extensively around the peninsula and were also assigned a vessel named the Albatross to travel around various islands in the Torres Strait. In 1890, Urquhart played a major role in the rescue of survivors from the shipwrecked RMS Quetta.

Frederic Urquhart and his section of Native Police in the early 1880s

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_infrastructure_development_in_Bathurst

History of infrastructure development in Bathurst

Cox's Road (Eastern Road)

History of infrastructure development in Bathurst / 1814 – Roads / Cox's Road (Eastern Road)

English: Victoria Pass, Great Western Road, NSW Photo taken between 1900-1910 Courtesy: State Library of New South Wales

In 2013 Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia celebrates 200 years from its naming as a town in 1813. Over the 200 years significant milestones have occurred in the town and regions infrastructure development to support growth of the region. The development of Australia progressed with a few frontier towns built in extreme isolation like Bathurst. Sydney was founded in 1788 and 25 years later in 1813 only a few other coastal towns had been established. The desire to explore the unknown areas led the Colonial Government to sponsor expeditions to the interior of the vast country. A large mountain range running parallel to the Sydney coast blocked access to the west and rugged mountains and a river blocked access to the north. Before the exploration of the inland started they had no idea what they would find but what they did discover was fertile and well watered land ideal for grazing of animals and producing agricultural products. To grow from a village to a town to a city requires major infrastructure construction. This normally occurs in phases, as the technology develops, as the funds allow, and the needs become pressing.

In 1814 the Governor Lachlan Macquarie of the colony of NSW approved the construction of a 163 kilometre long road from the existing limit of habitation of Sydney (near Penrith) to the newly discovered locality of Bathurst. The road was built by William Cox and completed on 14 January 1815. The instructions to William Cox on building the road were as follows... First the road is to commence at the ford (already determined) on the Nepean River to Emu Plains, and from there across the Blue Mountains to the Macquarie River and the centrical part of the Bathurst Plains. Second the road thus made must be at least twelve feet wide, so as to permit two carts or other wheel carts to pass each other with ease, the timber in the forest ground to be cut down and cleared away 20 feet wide, grubbing up the stumps and filling the holes, so that a four wheel carriage or cart may pass without difficulty of danger. Third, in brush ground it is to be cut twenty feet wide and grubbed up to twelve feet wide. I conceive this to be sufficient width for the proposed road at the present, but where it can with ease and convenience be done, I would prefer the road to be made sixteen feet wide Fourth, the road for the present is to terminate about the center of Bathurst Plains on the bank of Macquarie River, carrying the road as near to the banks of that river as practicable. William was instructed to make use of depots and ask for any provisions that were required for the workers' comfort. So as not to disrupt the working party, orders were given to the public and posted in conspicuous places, against visiting or crossing the Nepean without a pass signed by the Governor. The road commenced at Emu Ford and proceeded to Wentworth Falls, here he had built a hut to house supplies, the road proceeded generally along the existing highway route following the top of the mountain ridges, a second provision hut was built at a site later known as Weatherboard Inn, now Wentworth Falls. The road continued through present-day towns such as Leura, Katoomba, and Blackheath. At the present town of Mount Victoria the original road proceeded north west diverging from the existing westerly route. Cox's original route winds its way down an extremely difficult descent known as Mount York, Governor Macquarie later named the passage down Mount York as Cox's Pass in honour of William Cox the builder. For 15 years Mount York was a serious impediment to traffic on the western road. It was so steep that passengers often had to disembark from their carriages, walk down the descent and wait for their horse-drawn carriage at the bottom. Bullock teams hauling goods had to tie large logs to the back of their wagons to retard the speed of descent. The Government regularly sent work crews to burn the large accumulation of logs at the bottom of Mount York. From the bottom of Mount York the original road continues its entirely different course from that of the later routes. The old road travels roughly due west passing through the village of Hartley, O'Connell, and then turning north crossing the Macquarie River then through the locality of The Lagoon and north into Bathurst. This route is so different from the subsequent routes that it is difficult to plot on a map. The old road ran parallel and approximately 30 kilometres south of the present road. In various sections the road no longer exists and other sections are now only sections of minor gravel roads. For approximately half of the entire western road the route now is entirely different from the first road to Bathurst. The party consisted of 28 convict men and 6 soldiers and this team built the road and bridges in a six-month period. This new road immediately became known as the Western Road.

Victoria Pass – New South Wales, also shows the single wire telegraph line

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibertingen

Leibertingen

Historical buildings

Leibertingen / Architecture, people and yearly events / Historical buildings

Burg Wildenstein am Donaudurchbruch

Leibertingen is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

Burg Wildenstein

Burg Wildenstein above the Danube river

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wildenstein01.jpg

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_North_American_dinosaurs

List of North American dinosaurs

List of North American dinosaurs

English: "Diabloceratops eatoni", a ceratopsian from the Late Cretaceous of Utah (the description has not been published yet). Digital.

This is a list of dinosaurs whose remains have been recovered from North America. North America has a rich dinosaur fossil record with great diversity of dinosaurs. This may not mean the dinosaurs were more diverse or abundant; it may be because substantial resources have been devoted to the North American fossil record. The Middle Jurassic is the only poorly represented time period in North America, although several Middle Jurassic localities are known from Mexico. Footprints, eggshells, teeth, and fragments of bone representing theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods have been found, but none of them are diagnostic to the genus level. The Upper Jurassic of North America, however, is the exact opposite of the Middle Jurassic. The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation is found in several U.S. states, including Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas. It is notable as being the most fertile single source of dinosaur fossils in the world. During the Lower Cretaceous, new dinosaurs appeared. Sauropods were still present, but they were not as diverse as they were in the Jurassic.

This is a list of dinosaurs whose remains have been recovered from North America. North America has a rich dinosaur fossil record with great diversity of dinosaurs. This may not mean the dinosaurs were more diverse or abundant; it may be because substantial resources have been devoted to the North American fossil record. The Middle Jurassic is the only poorly represented time period in North America, although several Middle Jurassic localities are known from Mexico. Footprints, eggshells, teeth, and fragments of bone representing theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods have been found, but none of them are diagnostic to the genus level. The Upper Jurassic of North America, however, is the exact opposite of the Middle Jurassic. The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation is found in several U.S. states, including Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas. It is notable as being the most fertile single source of dinosaur fossils in the world. During the Lower Cretaceous, new dinosaurs appeared. Sauropods were still present, but they were not as diverse as they were in the Jurassic. Theropods from the early Cretaceous of North America include dromaeosaurs such as Deinonychus and Utahraptor, Acrocanthosaurus, and Microvenator. Sauropods included Astrodon, Pleurocoelus, and Sauroposeidon. Ornithischians were more diverse than they were in the Jurassic Period. Tenontosaurus, Hypsilophodon, Iguanodon, Protohadros, and Eolambia are some of the ornithopods that lived then. Ankylosaurs replaced their stegosaur cousins in the Cretaceous. Ankylosaurs from the early Cretaceous of North America include Sauropelta and Gastonia. Therizinosaurs such as Falcarius are also known from the early Cretaceous of North America. Finally, in the long Upper Cretaceous, the greatest abundance and diversity of dinosaurs of all time lived in North America. During the early part of the Upper Cretaceous, the therizinosaur Nothronychus and the ceratopsian Zuniceratops lived. During the Campanian stage (83.6–72 mya), an enormous diversity of dinosaurs is known. Theropods included the tyrannosaurs Albertosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Appalachiosaurus, and Dryptosaurus, and the dromaeosaurids Dromaeosaurus, Saurornitholestes, Atrociraptor, and Bambiraptor. Ceratopsians, such as Pachyrhinosaurus, Styracosaurus, Centrosaurus Monoclonius, Brachyceratops, Pentaceratops, and Leptoceratops also existed. Among hadrosaurs, Parasaurolophus, Corythosaurus, Lambeosaurus, Saurolophus, and Prosaurolophus existed. During the latest Cretaceous, the Maastrichtian stage (72–65.5 mya), the diversity of dinosaurs wasn't as great as the preceding Campanian stage. North American herbivorous dinosaurs then included the titanosaur sauropod Alamosaurus, the ceratopsians Triceratops and Torosaurus, the pachycephalosaurs Pachycephalosaurus, Stygimoloch, Dracorex, and Stegoceras, the hadrosaurs Edmontosaurus and Anatotitan. Predatory dinosaurs from this time period included Tyrannosaurus and Nanotyrannus (which may just be a juvenile of the former), and the troodontid Troodon.

Diabloceratops.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaming_Charterhouse

Gaming Charterhouse

Gaming Charterhouse

Kartause Gaming, Fassade der Kirche und Arkadenhof   This media shows the protected monument with the number 19089 in Austria. (Commons, de, Wikidata)

Gaming Charterhouse is a former Carthusian monastery in Gaming near Scheibbs in the Mostviertel of Lower Austria. The monastery was founded in 1330 by Albert II, Duke of Austria, who intended it as a dynastic burial place. He himself was buried there after his death in 1358, as were his wife Joanna of Pfirt and his daughter-in-law Elisabeth of Bohemia. The first community, from Mauerbach Charterhouse in Vienna, comprised a double complement, under a prior, of 24 monks rather than the usual 12, and the scale of the buildings from the beginning reflected the monastery's size. Gaming Charterhouse received extremely generous endowments from its founder, including much surrounding land in the valley of the Erlauf, and the town and market of Scheibbs. It was dissolved in 1782 in the reforms of Emperor Joseph II. In 1797 the bodies of the founder, his wife and daughter-in-law were removed to the parish church of Gaming, and in 1825 the monastery and estate, including large areas of forest, passed into private ownership. In 1915 it was bought by the abbot of Melk Abbey.

Gaming Charterhouse (German: Kartause Gaming, also known as Kartause Maria Thron) is a former Carthusian monastery in Gaming near Scheibbs in the Mostviertel of Lower Austria. The monastery was founded in 1330 by Albert II, Duke of Austria, who intended it as a dynastic burial place. He himself was buried there after his death in 1358, as were his wife Joanna of Pfirt (d. 1351) and his daughter-in-law Elisabeth of Bohemia (d. 1373). The first community, from Mauerbach Charterhouse in Vienna, comprised a double complement, under a prior, of 24 monks rather than the usual 12, and the scale of the buildings from the beginning reflected the monastery's size. Gaming Charterhouse received extremely generous endowments from its founder, including much surrounding land in the valley of the Erlauf, and the town and market of Scheibbs. It was dissolved in 1782 in the reforms of Emperor Joseph II. In 1797 the bodies of the founder, his wife and daughter-in-law were removed to the parish church of Gaming, and in 1825 the monastery and estate, including large areas of forest, passed into private ownership. In 1915 it was bought by the abbot of Melk Abbey. In 1983 the monastery premises, but not the remaining estates, were bought by an Austrian architect, Walter Hildebrand, who has since worked on the restoration. The renovated premises are partly occupied by a hotel and partly by Franciscan University of Steubenville (main campus in Ohio, USA). Since 2004 there has also been a museum, with displays of the history of Gaming Charterhouse and of the Carthusians in general. Recently a Greek Catholic (Byzantine) chapel has been set up here.

Gaming Charterhouse, courtyard and church façade

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_Park,_Florida

Deer Park, Florida

Deer Park, Florida

English: Portion of the 200,000 acre Orlando Livestock Company Ranch - Deer Park, Florida

Deer Park is an unincorporated community in Osceola County, Florida, United States. It is located off US 192, south of the intersection with County Road 419. The community is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the location of the Kempfer Cattle ranch, Deseret Ranches of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the Deer Park Forestry Site of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.

Deer Park is an unincorporated community in Osceola County, Florida, United States. It is located off US 192, south of the intersection with County Road 419. The community is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the location of the Kempfer Cattle ranch, Deseret Ranches of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the Deer Park Forestry Site of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.

Part of the 200,000 acre property of Orlando Livestock Company Ranch, Deer Park, Florida, 1950.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manheim_Township,_York_County,_Pennsylvania

Manheim Township, York County, Pennsylvania

Manheim Township, York County, Pennsylvania

English: Codorus State Park facing North East towards the marina.

Codorus State Park

Manheim Township is a township in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 3,380.

Manheim Township is a township in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 3,380.

Codorus State Park

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cycle_Route_544

National Cycle Route 544

Route

National Cycle Route 544 / Route

English: Cycle Route 544 signage near West Lockinge

The National Cycle Route 544 is a Sustrans regional route in the North Wessex Downs of southern Oxfordshire, linking Wantage and Didcot. The route is 12 miles long, and overlaps with part of the ancient Icknield Way and frequently links to The Ridgeway National Trail.

The starts in the east of Didcot and passes between East and West Hagbourne as a traffic-free bridle-way and track, partly using a disused railway embankment. The path continues through Upton, merging with the Icknield Way as it continues west, behind Harwell and East Hendred, through the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus. The route then follows a quiet country lane through the Lockinge Estate, including East and West Ginge, and East and West Lockinge. The route finishes in Wantage near Letcombe Brook. The route is frequently used by commuters between Wantage, Didcot and the Harwell research centre. There is an art trail between Didcot and Upton.

Cycle Route 544 signage near West Lockinge

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Manhattan_Knight

A Manhattan Knight

A Manhattan Knight

English: Advertisement for the American mystery film A Manhattan Knight (1920) with George Walsh, on page 13 of the March 6, 1920 Exhibitors Herald.

A Manhattan Knight is a 1920 American silent mystery film directed by George Beranger and starring George Walsh, Virginia Hammond, William H. Budd, Warren Cook, Jack Hopkins, and William T. Hayes. It is based on the 1911 novel Find the Woman by Gelett Burgess. The film was released by Fox Film Corporation in March 1920.

A Manhattan Knight is a 1920 American silent mystery film directed by George Beranger and starring George Walsh, Virginia Hammond, William H. Budd, Warren Cook, Jack Hopkins, and William T. Hayes. It is based on the 1911 novel Find the Woman by Gelett Burgess. The film was released by Fox Film Corporation in March 1920.

Advertising of A Manhattan Knight on page 13 of the Exhibitors Herald (March 6, 1920).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nallo

Nallo

Nallo

Svenska: Nallomassivet i Kebnekaiseområdet. English: The Nallo massif in the Kebnekaise area.

Nallo, in Northern Sami Njállu, is a mountain in the Stuor Räitavagge valley, which lies in the Kebnekaise area of Sweden. Seen from the Vistasvagge valley in the south east, one part of the mountain has a characteristic, extremely sharp appearance which has given it its Sami name, which in English means The Needle. The mountain reaches to 1585 meters above sea level. The top of the mountain can be reached from north-west without any particular equipment; this requires merely a hike through rough rock terrain. The top of the "needle", however, is about a hundred meters lower in elevation than the actual peak and climbing it requires exposed scrambling on a narrow ridge. The Swedish Tourist Association owns a cabin at the foot of the mountain, Nallostugan.

Nallo, in Northern Sami Njállu, is a mountain in the Stuor Räitavagge valley, which lies in the Kebnekaise area of Sweden. Seen from the Vistasvagge valley in the south east, one part of the mountain has a characteristic, extremely sharp appearance which has given it its Sami name, which in English means The Needle. The mountain reaches to 1585 meters above sea level. The top of the mountain can be reached from north-west without any particular equipment; this requires merely a hike through rough rock terrain. The top of the "needle", however, is about a hundred meters lower in elevation than the actual peak and climbing it requires exposed scrambling on a narrow ridge. The Swedish Tourist Association owns a cabin at the foot of the mountain, Nallostugan.

The mountain and associated cabin seen from south in 2006. The "needle" is to the far right.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2te-sur-p%C3%A2te

Pâte-sur-pâte

Pâte-sur-pâte

English: A pair of china vases made at the Minton pottery manufactory in Staffordshire, England. Created in the pâte sur pâte technique, the decoration of the vases is attributed to Henry Hollins.

Pâte-sur-pâte is a French term meaning "paste on paste". It is a method of porcelain decoration in which a relief design is created on an unfired, unglazed body, usually with a coloured body, by applying successive layers of white porcelain slip with a brush. Once the main shape is built up, it is carved away to give fine detail, before the piece is fired. The work is very painstaking and may take weeks of adding extra layers and allowing them to harden before the next is applied. The usual colour scheme is a white relief on a contrasting coloured background, which in England was often Parian ware. The effect is somewhat similar to other types of relief decoration, in particular sprigging. However, unlike Jasperware, for example, a mould is not normally used, and the ceramic artist is able to achieve translucency. The method also gives results resembling cameos in stone or cameo glass. The development of pâte-sur-pâte dates back to 1850 in France, and an accident that occurred at the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres.

Pâte-sur-pâte is a French term meaning "paste on paste". It is a method of porcelain decoration in which a relief design is created on an unfired, unglazed body, usually with a coloured body, by applying successive layers of (usually) white porcelain slip (liquid clay) with a brush. Once the main shape is built up, it is carved away to give fine detail, before the piece is fired. The work is very painstaking and may take weeks of adding extra layers and allowing them to harden before the next is applied. The usual colour scheme is a white relief on a contrasting coloured background, which in England was often Parian ware. The effect is somewhat similar to other types of relief decoration, in particular sprigging. However, unlike Jasperware, for example, a mould is not normally used, and the ceramic artist is able to achieve translucency. The method also gives results resembling cameos in stone or cameo glass. The development of pâte-sur-pâte dates back to 1850 in France, and an accident that occurred at the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres. The company was trying to reproduce a decorative technique from a Chinese vase, but misinterpreting the vase, the experiment took them along a different path from the Chinese potter. They perfected what became known as pâte-sur-pâte. Marc-Louis Solon took the style to England, and others to Germany and Austria. The period within 15 years either side of 1900 was the heyday of the technique. Many pieces made in the State, formerly Imperial Porcelain Factory in Leningrad after World War II are said to use it, but are perhaps sprigged, then hand-finished. Bronislav Bystrushkin designed many, mostly using the classic Jasperware "Wedgwood blue" and white.

Pâte-sur-pâte decoration by Henry Hollins, a former apprentice of Solon, on a pair of vases from Mintons, c. 1882. Birmingham Museum of Art

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridges_over_the_Brisbane_River

Bridges over the Brisbane River

Crossings between the Centenary Bridge and Wivenhoe Dam

Bridges over the Brisbane River / Crossings between the Centenary Bridge and Wivenhoe Dam

English: Photo of Brisbane Valley Highway crossing at Fernvale, Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia.

The Brisbane River, running through Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is crossed by fifteen major bridges, from the Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges downstream to the Centenary upstream. The river meanders through an urban area that comprises 2.562 million people. There are two smaller crossings in the west of Brisbane City in the suburb of Mount Crosby: the Mount Crosby Weir, and Colleges Crossing.

In addition to the existing bridges between Centenary Bridge and Wivenhoe Dam a number of others have been proposed. The Goodna Bypass is designed to relieve congestion on the Ipswich Motorway and will have four new bridges over the river (but no access to or from the north-western suburbs). Land acquisitions were underway in 2010 to create the future transport corridor. As of 2010, there is no date or funding provided to commence the construction of the Goodna Bypass. The Western Bypass would have included a crossing of the river but has been cancelled. The existing crossings on this section of the river are listed below (note: coordinates are derived from Google Earth).

Brisbane Valley Highway crossing, 2014

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altengamme

Altengamme

Demographics

Altengamme / Demographics

Church St. Nicolai, Hamburg-Altengamme, Germany. First known naming in 1247, but foundation is more than 100 years older. View from the south. This is a photograph of an architectural monument. It is on the list of cultural monuments of Hamburg, no. 25974

Altengamme located in the Bergedorf borough of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg in northern Germany, is a rural quarter on the right bank of the Elbe river. Altengamme is the most eastern part of Hamburg. In 2016 the population was 2,229.

The population density was 141/km² (365/sq mi). 19.3% were children under the age of 18, and 19.7% were 65 years of age or older. 1.9% were immigrants. 43 people were registered as unemployed and 753 were employees subject to social insurance contributions. In 1999 there were 854 households, out of which 30% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.5. In 2006 there were 52 criminal offences (24 crimes per 1000 people).

Church St. Nicolai

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogon

Hogon

Ritual

Hogon / Ritual

Français : Coupe de Hogon (Ogo banya). Provenance : Mali. Ce type de récipient orné pouvant contenir des aliments (riz, viande, etc.) servait notamment au cours de la cérémonie d'intronisation du Hogon, chef politique et religieux dans un village dogon. English: Hogon cup (Ogo banya). Provenance : Mali. This kind of ornamented container may carry food (rice, etc.) and was especially used during the enthronement ceremony of the Hogon, the political and spiritual leader in a Dogon village.

A Hogon is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who play an important role in Dogon religion.

The Hogon has a key role in village rituals and in ensuring fertility and germination. The Hogon is central to a wide range of fertility and marriage rituals, which are closely related to Dogon origin myths. The Hogon may conduct rituals in the Sanctuaire de Binou, a special building whose door is blocked with rocks.

A Hogon cup (Ogo banya), used in particular during the Hogon's enthronement ceremony. Musée du quai Branly, Paris, France.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_Roadjet

Audi Roadjet

Audi Roadjet

Audi Roadjet concept car at the 2006 North American International Auto Show

The Audi Roadjet is a compact concept car developed by the German manufacturer Audi, and was officially unveiled at the 2006 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan. It is a study of a sporty and luxurious mid-size hatchback. According to Audi, this study is a technology demonstrator of innovative electronic systems that will be built into the production models in the next few years.

The Audi Roadjet is a compact concept car developed by the German manufacturer Audi, and was officially unveiled at the 2006 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan. It is a study of a sporty and luxurious mid-size hatchback. According to Audi, this study is a technology demonstrator of innovative electronic systems that will be built into the production models in the next few years.

Audi Roadjet at the 2006 North American International Auto Show

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Tl%C3%A1huac

Tláhuac metro station

Tláhuac metro station

Español: Estacion Tlahuac

Tláhuac is the terminal station of Mexico City Metro Line 12 of the Mexico City Metro. Its emblem is the symbol of the delegation Tláhuac. In 2019, the station had an average ridership of 64,308 passengers per day, making it the busiest station in Line 12 and the 13th busiest station in the network.

Tláhuac is the terminal station of Mexico City Metro Line 12 of the Mexico City Metro. Its emblem is the symbol of the delegation Tláhuac. In 2019, the station had an average ridership of 64,308 passengers per day, making it the busiest station in Line 12 and the 13th busiest station in the network.

Tláhuac prior to its official opening in 2012.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Lover

Samuel Lover

Samuel Lover

English: Samuel Lover

Samuel Lover, also known as "Ben Trovato", was an Irish songwriter, composer, novelist, and a painter of portraits, chiefly miniatures. He was the grandfather of Victor Herbert.

Samuel Lover (24 February 1797 – 6 July 1868), also known as "Ben Trovato" ("well invented"), was an Irish songwriter, composer, novelist, and a painter of portraits, chiefly miniatures. He was the grandfather of Victor Herbert.

Samuel Lover

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs

San Pedro de Macorís

History

San Pedro de Macorís / History

Español: Edificios en el Centro Histórico de San Pedro

San Pedro de Macorís is a municipality in the Dominican Republic and the capital of the San Pedro de Macorís province in the east region of the country; it is among the 10 largest cities of the Dominican Republic. The city has approximately 195,000 inhabitants, when including the metro area. As a provincial capital, it houses the Universidad Central del Este university.

The city was established in 1822 on the western margin of the Higuamo River as a result of the immigration of settlers from the eastern part of Santo Domingo. In the year 1846, at the request of the inhabitants of the place called Macorix, the Conservative Council decided to declare the place as a military post. At that time, Macoris belonged to the province of Seybo, being made up of three communes: Seybo as the head municipality, Higüey and Samaná. After 1840, the inhabitants moved from the western margin of the Higuamo to the eastern margin, where the city of San Pedro de Macorís was born, becoming one of the most productive cities of the Dominican Republic. The population was gradually increasing, dedicating itself to the production of provisions, and the quantities that reached the port of the capital in the boats of Macoris in the years 1868 to 1875, which were baptized there to the old fishermen's abode, were so great. the name of Macoris de los Plátanos. In 1852 Macorix is elevated to military port, this time depending on the common Hato Mayor, being Norman Maldonado his first commander in arms. In 1957 the constitutional mayorship was established and its first mayor was Juan María Pinto. On October 1, 1856, the first Catholic church was founded by Father Pedro Carrasco Capeller, a native of San José de los Llanos, who came to officiate Mass from Hato Mayor. The name San Pedro de Macoris was born in 1858 at the suggestion of the presbytery Elías González, who suggested placing Macorís first, "San Pedro" and removing the x so that San Pedro de Macorís would sound, with its patron saint, Pedro Pedro. This is where the patron saint festivities are born, starting on June 22 and ending on the 29th of the same month San Pedro de Macoris experienced a significant wave of migration in the late 19th century from Cubans who were fleeing their country's War of Independence. They brought their extensive sugar cane farming knowledge and contributed to making the sugar industry the most important economic activity in the area. San Pedro de Macorís reached its peak during the first quarter of the 20th century, when its sugar production enjoyed high prices on the international market as a result of the First World War. Many Europeans also settled in the city, making it a very cosmopolitan urban center. Pan American flew its seaplanes in regularly (Eastern Macorís has the privilege of being the first Dominican city to receive seaplanes, in its Higuamo River), at a time when this port enjoyed more commercial activity than the capital city of Santo Domingo. The next economic boom resulted in the recruitment of a large number of Afro-Caribbean workers from the Lesser Antilles. These workers and their descendants would soon comprise the majority of the population in the city and are known as the "Cocolos of San Pedro de Macoris." San Pedro de Macorís pioneered many areas such as the first firefighting corps, the first national baseball championship, the first town to have telephone and telegraph centers, the first racetrack and the first boxing coliseum, among others. The first sugar factory was founded by Juan Amechazurra, milling for the first time on January 9, 1879. By 1894 there were many factories in the province that reached a high level of progress. The rapid industrial development placed the young city among the main ones of the Republic. The intellectual culture surged at the same pace with schools and the press; among the first newspapers were "Las Novedades", "Boletín", "La Locomotora" and "El Cable."

Historic center of San Pedro de Macoris.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nether_Poppleton

Nether Poppleton

Religion

Nether Poppleton / Religion

Church in Nether Poppleton

Nether Poppleton is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of the City of York in North Yorkshire, England. It is by the west bank of the River Ouse and is adjacent to Upper Poppleton, west of York. It is close to the A59 road from York to Harrogate. The village is served by Poppleton railway station, on the Harrogate Line. According to the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 2,077. That increased to 2,141 at the 2011 census. Before 1996, it had been part of the Borough of Harrogate. The name is derived from popel and tun and means "Pebble Farm" because of the gravel bed upon which the village was built. The neighbouring village of Upper Poppleton has been referred to as "Land Poppleton" and Nether Poppleton as "Water Poppleton", indicating the villages' position relative to the river. The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and an Anglo-Saxon charter of circa 972. It became a Conservation Area in 1993. The earthworks to the north and east of the parish church are designated as a Scheduled Monument.

St. Everilda's Church is at the end of Church Lane and is thought to have origins as early as the 7th century. The stained glass in the eastern window and in one of the windows in the south aisle is of late 13th century and early 14th century. St Everilda's Church is named after a 7th-century Saxon saint. It is one of only two churches in the United Kingdom dedicated to this saint. The other is at Everingham some 20 miles (32 km) to the south-east in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

St Everilda's Church, Nether Poppleton

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_states

Mountain states

Terrain

Mountain states / Terrain

English: The Colorado River near Nankoweap Creek and the granaries, Grand Canyon. (downstream in en:Marble Canyon, left bank (South Rim), with (red)-Redwall Limestone-(500 ft) above the (white)-Muav Limestone-(400 of 600 ft), then Colorado River, looking ~southwest, downstream.)

The Mountain States form one of the nine geographic divisions of the United States that are officially recognized by the United States Census Bureau. It is a subregion of the Western United States. The Mountain States generally are considered to include: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. The words "Mountain States" generally refer to the US States which encompass the US Rocky Mountains. These are oriented north-south through portions of the states of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. Arizona and Nevada, as well as other parts of Utah and New Mexico, have other smaller mountain ranges and scattered mountains located in them as well. Sometimes, the Trans-Pecos area of West Texas is considered part of the region. The land area of the eight states together is some 855,767 square miles. A few Subregions exist within this region: The Southwest region consisting of Arizona, New Mexico, Southern Nevada, and deep west Texas The Intermountain region consisting of Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho along with portions of other states The Front Range region consisting of Northern New Mexico, Colorado, and Southeast Wyoming

Together with the Pacific States of Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington, the Mountain States constitute the broader region of the West, one of the four regions the United States Census Bureau formally recognizes (the Northeast, South, and Midwest being the other three). The terrain of the Mountain West is more diverse than any other region in the United States. Its physical geography ranges from some of the highest mountain peaks in the continental United States to large desert lands and rolling plains in the eastern portion of the region. The Mountain West states contain all of the major deserts found in North America. The Great Basin Desert is located in almost all of Nevada, western Utah, and southern Idaho. Portions of the Mojave Desert are located in California, but over half of the desert is located in southern Nevada, in the Mountain West. Meanwhile, the Sonoran Desert is located in much of Arizona, and the Chihuahuan Desert is located in most of southwestern and southern New Mexico, including White Sands and Jornada del Muerto. Colorado also has scattered desert lands in the southern and northwestern portions of the state, including the expansive San Luis Valley. Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona have other smaller desert lands, part of the Colorado Plateau. The Painted Desert is located in northern and northeastern Arizona, and the San Rafael Desert is located in eastern Utah. New Mexico has other desert lands located in the northern and northwest. Colorado has large desert lands on the colorado plateau in the northwestern, western, and southern parts of the state. These desert lands in Colorado are located in and around areas such as Royal Gorge, Great Sand Dunes National Park, Pueblo, the San Luis Valley, Cortez, Dove Creek, Delta, Canyons of the Ancients National Monument, the Roan Plateau, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado National Monument, and the Grand Mesa. The San Luis Valley is the largest high valley desert in the world. In the far-eastern portions of the Mountain West are the High Plains, a portion of the Great Plains. These plains mainly consist of flat rolling land, with scattered buttes, canyons, and forests located in these areas. The High Plains receive very little rainfall and sit at high elevations, usually about 3,000 to 6,000 feet (910 to 1,830 m). Many people view the High Plains as the point where one begins to enter the greater Mountain West region. The Mountain West has some of the highest mountain peaks in America. Some of the more famous mountains in the Mountain West are Mount Elbert, Pikes Peak, Blanca Peak, Longs Peak, Kings Peak, Wind River Peak, Cloud Peak, Wheeler Peak, Truchas Peak, Granite Peak, Borah Peak, and Humphreys Peak.

The bottom of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoir_Papineau

Manoir Papineau

Manoir Papineau

Français : Le manoir Papineau en 2007

The ‘Manoir Papineau’ was home to the Papineau family from 1850 to 1929. The house along with outbuildings, landscaped gardens and grounds are now open to the public and managed by Parks Canada who became the custodians in 1993; the site represents one of the most treasured heritage locations in the area surrounding La Petite-Nation and in the greater Ottawa River region. It was designed primarily to commemorate Louis-Joseph Papineau, the man who was to become a leading figure in Canadian politics during the 19th century, as the first French-Canadian nationalist leader. He later became the first seigneur of La Petite-Nation. The sumptuous house was built after Louis-Joseph Papineau returned from political exile in Europe, during the mid-1800s; he lived in the manor from 1846 with his wife and four children until his death. His descendants lived on at the house until the 1920s. Some of the more notable of these included his youngest daughter Azélie, mother to Henri Bourassa the famous journalist and founder of Canadian newspaper Le Devoir.

The ‘Manoir Papineau’ was home to the Papineau family from 1850 to 1929. The house along with outbuildings, landscaped gardens and grounds (including a gardner’s cottage, family museum, tea house, granary and funeral chapel) are now open to the public and managed by Parks Canada who became the custodians in 1993; the site represents one of the most treasured heritage locations in the area surrounding La Petite-Nation and in the greater Ottawa River region. It was designed primarily to commemorate Louis-Joseph Papineau (1786-1871), the man who was to become a leading figure in Canadian politics during the 19th century, as the first French-Canadian nationalist leader. He later became the first seigneur of La Petite-Nation. The sumptuous house was built after Louis-Joseph Papineau returned from political exile in Europe, during the mid-1800s; he lived in the manor from 1846 with his wife and four children until his death. His descendants lived on at the house until the 1920s. Some of the more notable of these included his youngest daughter Azélie, mother to Henri Bourassa the famous journalist and founder of Canadian newspaper Le Devoir. Also, Talbot Mercer Papineau (great grandson of Louis-Joseph Papineau) lawyer and decorated soldier, one of four Canadians featured in the book Tapestry of War: A Private View of Canadians in the Great War, by Sandra Gwyn. Major Papineau was portrayed by his fifth cousin, twice removed, then future Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's telefilm, The Great War. Built by Louis-Joseph Papineau between 1848 and 1850, the Manoir Papineau occupies a prominent spot overlooking the Ottawa River at Montebello, Quebec, Canada. The building’s architecture, according to Parks Canada, “represents a blend of stylistic influences similar in many respects to that which is encountered in contemporaneous neoclassical villas. Its sculpted decor recalls the Greek Revival style. From the river, the house appears as a monumental elevation flanked by two corner towers. The facade and hip slopes of the roof present an overhang of unusual proportions, in a muted reference to the Regency style. The conic roof atop the stair tower built following a fire in 1892 is representative of the Queen Anne Revival. Finally, interior door openings between adjoining rooms were aligned to create particular interior perspectives, in keeping with French architectural tradition. The spiral staircase located in one of the towers also shows the influence of this tradition. The unusual positioning of the main reception rooms to the back of the ground floor, combined with the abundant fenestration on the lower two levels of the east tower, recall that a conservatory was once located here.” The interior of the Manor House is splendid, and is furnished with its original décor. Guided tours include the dining room; the grand salon (yellow room); the blue room; the bedroom of Louis-Joseph Papineau; and the seigneur’s office and library tower.

Manoir Papineau

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Public_College_Kakul_Campus

Army Public College Kakul Campus

Army Public College Kakul Campus

English: This image is officially taken by Umais Bin Sajjad. Any misuse or copying of this image is not allowed without owner's permission.

Army Public College PMA Kakul is an English Medium co-education institution lying within the premises of PMA, Abbottabad.

Army Public College PMA Kakul (or APC) is an English Medium co-education institution lying within the premises of PMA, Abbottabad.

Administration Block

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takigawa_Kazumasu

Takigawa Kazumasu

Takigawa Kazumasu

日本語: 滝川一益(Takigawa Kazumasu)

Takigawa Kazumasu, also known as Sakonshōgen, was a samurai retainer to Oda Nobunaga, and later Toyotomi Hideyoshi, during Japan's Sengoku period. His biological son, Toshimasu, was adopted by Maeda Toshihisa and later served Nobunaga alongside Kazumasu and Toshimasu's adopted uncle, Maeda Toshiie.

Takigawa Kazumasu (滝川 一益, 1525 – October 21, 1586), also known as Sakonshōgen (左近将監), was a samurai retainer to Oda Nobunaga, and later Toyotomi Hideyoshi, during Japan's Sengoku period. His biological son, Toshimasu, was adopted by Maeda Toshihisa and later served Nobunaga alongside Kazumasu and Toshimasu's adopted uncle, Maeda Toshiie.

Takigawa Kazumasu

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Takigawa_Kazumasu.png

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga

Taiga

Taiga

English: Picea glauca taiga, Denali Highway, Alaska; Alaska Range in the background.

Taiga, generally referred to in North America as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest is the world's largest land biome. In North America, it covers most of inland Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern contiguous United States. In Eurasia, it covers most of Sweden, Finland, much of Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean, much of Norway and Estonia, some of the Scottish Highlands, some lowland/coastal areas of Iceland, and areas of northern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and northern Japan. The main tree species, the length of the growing season and summer temperatures vary. For example, the taiga of North America mostly consists of spruces; Scandinavian and Finnish taiga consists of a mix of spruce, pines and birch; Russian taiga has spruces, pines and larches depending on the region, while the Eastern Siberian taiga is a vast larch forest.

Taiga (/ˈtaɪɡə/; Russian: тайга́, IPA: [tɐjˈɡa]; relates to Mongolic and Turkic languages), generally referred to in North America as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest is the world's largest land biome. In North America, it covers most of inland Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern contiguous United States. In Eurasia, it covers most of Sweden, Finland, much of Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean (including much of Siberia), much of Norway and Estonia, some of the Scottish Highlands, some lowland/coastal areas of Iceland, and areas of northern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and northern Japan (on the island of Hokkaidō). The main tree species, the length of the growing season and summer temperatures vary. For example, the taiga of North America mostly consists of spruces; Scandinavian and Finnish taiga consists of a mix of spruce, pines and birch; Russian taiga has spruces, pines and larches depending on the region, while the Eastern Siberian taiga is a vast larch forest. The Taiga in its current form is a relatively recent phenomenon, having only existed for the last 12,000 years since the beginning of the Holocene epoch, covering land that had been mammoth steppe or under the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in Eurasia and under the Laurentide Ice Sheet in North America during the Late Pleistocene. A different use of the term taiga is often encountered in the English language, with "boreal forest" used in the United States and Canada to refer to only the more southerly part of the biome, while "taiga" is used to describe the more barren areas of the northernmost part of the biome approaching the tree line and the tundra biome. Hoffman (1958) discusses the origin of this differential use in North America and why it is an inappropriate differentiation of the Russian term. Although at high elevations taiga grades into alpine tundra through Krummholz, it is not exclusively an alpine biome; and unlike subalpine forest, much of taiga is lowlands.

White spruce taiga in the Alaska Range, Alaska, United States

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulus_(horse)

Regulus (horse)

Regulus (horse)

Regulus was an undefeated Thoroughbred racehorse stallion foaled in 1739.

Regulus was an undefeated Thoroughbred racehorse stallion foaled in 1739.

Regulus

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Regulus_by_Richard_Roper.jpg