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when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

under legislation signed by president clinton on june 15 , a plaque will soon go up near the memorial to honor the veterans who died after the war from exposure to agent orange , post-traumatic stress disorder and other causes not directly related to combat wounds .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

experts estimate that the number of veterans who died from those conditions is at least equal to the number of names inscribed on the wall _ 58,220 .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

it will not carry the names of the veterans it honors , but instead will bear a short commemorative inscription .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

the american battle monuments commission will provide the text and determine the plaque 's design and its location on the memorial site .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

memorial rules allow people 's names to be added to the wall , but only after the defense department determines that those people died from wounds directly related to hostilities or accidents in combat zones .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

since the wall was completed in 1982,261 names have been added .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

the organization that built the memorial , the vietnam veterans memorial fund , said the plaque threatened to detract from the memorial 's power by lessening its simplicity .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

`` we must get congress to bring an end to permanent new additions to the vietnam memorial , just as france has done with the eiffel tower and egypt has done with the pyramids . ''

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

some veterans are also concerned about recognizing deaths attributed to post-traumatic stress disorder .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

the plaque is a product of years of grass-roots efforts by families of veterans .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

in 1993 , ruth coder fitzgerald began looking for a way to honor veterans like her brother , john keath coder , who had died the year before from non- hodgkin 's lymphoma after being exposed to agent orange in the vietnam war .

when was the vietnam veterans memorial in washington , d.c. built ?

the department of veterans affairs officially presumes that all vietnam veterans who have non- hodgkin 's lymphoma or certain other diseases have been exposed to agent orange .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

that is the main condition for the council to lift sanctions slapped on iraq in 1990 after president saddam hussein sent his forces into kuwait , triggering the 1991 persian gulf war .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the incident occurred while coalition aircraft were conducting operation southern watch , the name given to the deny-flight mission , which dates to the aftermath of the 1991 persian gulf war .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the incident occurred while coalition aircraft were conducting operation southern watch , the name given to the deny-flight mission established by allies who fought in the 1991 persian gulf war .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

speaking to a gathering at the american enterprise institute , butler said the turning point occurred when annan sent three envoys to baghdad to discuss the security council resolutions on iraq that were passed after the persian gulf war in 1991 .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

albright said iraq was pumping all the oil it could and that the revenue provided '' caloric intake '' for iraqi children that was higher than before the 1991 persian gulf war .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

since it lost the persian gulf war in 1991 , baghdad has insisted that it has disclosed the extent of its biological and chemical weapons and ballistic missiles and the means to make them , but u.n. inspectors have ferreted out evidence to the contrary .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the persian gulf war of 1991 demonstrated the american advantage in a manner that stunned many abroad .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

although there are fewer fighters and bombers in the region than there were earlier this year , the navy now has 250 to 300 cruise missiles , more than were used during the persian gulf war in 1991 , officials said , speaking , as did others who discussed the subject , on the condition of anonymity .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the incident occurred just two days after iraq declared it would fire on any aircraft flying in the `` no flight '' zones that the united states and its allies created over northern and southern iraq after the persian gulf war ended in 1991 .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

washington _ the army said monday that it had no plans to reopen an investigation into an attack made at the end of the persian gulf war in 1991 by soldiers under the command of barry r. mccaffrey , the retired army general who is now president clinton 's drug-policy adviser .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the strategic reserve , established after organization of petroleum export countries -lrb- opec -rrb- oil embargoes in the early 1970s , has not been tapped since 1991 , during the persian gulf war .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

`` coalition aircraft pilots assigned to joint task force - southwest asia received cockpit indications that they were being targeted by a missile site , '' said navy lt. john o'neal , spokesman for the u.s. command , the joint military headquarters responsible for the persian gulf region .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the united states sent thousands of extra troops , plus warplanes and naval power , to the gulf before u.n. secretary-general kofi annan defused the situation in a trip to baghdad in february .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

just last month president clinton decided to cut the number of u.s. forces in the gulf from about 37,000 to around 20,000 , and on june 4 the air force announced it was pulling its f-117 stealth fighter-bombers out of the gulf area .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

france is part of the mission , though it did not join in the decision to expand the zone north from the 32nd to the 33rd parallel .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

persian gulf war veterans have a rate of general ill health at least twice as high as forces who stayed home or were sent to bosnia , according to a new study of british troops .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the study of 8,195 soldiers , sailors and pilots -- the first to compare gulf war veterans with troops who served in another hazardous conflict around the same time -- is the largest of symptoms to date .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

there was hardly any difference between the bosnia troops and men who served at the time of the gulf war but were not deployed .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

regardless of the ailment , however , vets who served in the persian gulf were about twice as likely to complain of it than the other two groups studied , the researchers said .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

`` the evidence is unequivocal that going to the gulf affects your health , '' said dr. simon wessely , one of the researchers from king 's college at the university of london .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the researchers do n't know why ailments were more common in gulf war vets , but said the study shows there is no single cause , either physical or psychological , and that attempts to look for a `` smoking gun '' will not succeed .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the researchers also found that hazards of war -- ranging from using pesticides and seeing dead bodies to getting diesel fuel on your skin -- were linked to more symptoms , regardless of whether the men had served in the gulf or somewhere else .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the study did find a slight increase in ill health in those who had vaccines against biological threats such as anthrax or plague .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

receiving multiple vaccinations against routine infections also was linked to a modest increase in illness , but only in the persian gulf group and not in bosnia .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

in an editorial in the lancet , a scientist with the national institutes of health called the study one of the most definitive conducted to date and said it added weight to the argument that no unique `` gulf war syndrome '' exists .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

in his editorial , stephen e. straus , chief of the laboratory of clinical investigation at the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases , drew parallels between the ailments cited by gulf war vets and soldiers who fought in world war i .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

`` although the possibility of some still unappreciated environmental factor can not be dismissed entirely , '' he wrote , `` the gulf war seems to differ from others only in a quantitative sense and in the intensity of public discourse about it. ''

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

but dr. robert haley , an epidemiologist at university of texas medical center who believes a particular `` gulf war syndrome '' exists , criticized the research .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

haley 's research on a small number of patients has previously concluded that some gulf war veterans suffer from distinct symptom clusters caused by chemical poisoning and that some may suffer neurological damage from nerve gas or pesticides .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

albright did not directly threaten an attack on iraq if it did not submit , but she said '' we have our red lines ; we have made that clear. ''

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

on monday evening , sen. trent lott , the majority leader , and three other republicans wrote president clinton complaining about fresh reports that iraq had deployed weapons carrying vx nerve gas before the gulf war , the washington post reported .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

aziz wrote that baghdad had given the special commission `` the relevant clarifications , explanations and documents pertaining to vx nerve gas '' and had demonstrated that `` iraq did not have any other documents on the question. ''

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

in the past , inspectors repeatedly found documents with details of biological and chemical weapons production that iraqi officials had insisted did not exist .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

it is that the danger of nuclear war is off their backs .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

yet today , `` weapons of mass destruction '' present more and different things to worry about than during the cold war .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

since the cold war is over and american and russian nuclear inventories are much smaller , there is less chance of an apocalyptic exchange of many thousands of weapons .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

second , the mainstays of cold war security policy _ deterrence and arms control _ are not what they used to be .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

this was partly true in the cold war , when the main danger that nuclear weapons might detonate on u.s. soil sprang from strategic engagement in europe , asia and the middle east to deter attacks on u.s. allies .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

during the cold war , nuclear weapons were the bedrock of american war capabilities .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

in a manner that could only have seemed ludicrous during the cold war , proponents now rationalize the $ 2 billion b- 2 as a weapon for conventional war .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the majority of those who dealt with nuclear-weapons policy during the cold war adamantly opposed developing first-strike options .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

but it is no longer prudent to assume that important security interests complement each other as they did during the cold war .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

-lrb- richard k. betts is director of national security studies at the council on foreign relations and professor of political science and director of the institute for war and peace studies at columbia university .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

washington _ as the united states pressed an intense diplomatic campaign to isolate president saddam hussein of iraq , administration and pentagon officials said tuesday that they had sufficient forces and firepower in the persian gulf to launch a strike on iraq within days .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

secretary of defense william cohen began a whirlwind tour of european and persian gulf allies with a stop in london .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the pentagon drastically reduced the number of aircraft it has based in the region , including those at saudi arabia 's prince sultan air base , while it doubled the number of tomahawk cruise missiles it has aboard navy ships and submarines plying the persian gulf .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the cruise missiles _ and the 50 or so combat aircraft aboard the aircraft carrier dwight d. eisenhower _ could enable the united states to mount an attack against iraq without having to spend days or weeks trying to secure permission from gulf states reluctant to support strikes against fellow arabs in iraq .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

his entourage _ including undersecretary of state thomas pickering and the commander of american forces in the region , gen. anthony zinni _ did not include any members of the news media .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

nor has the itinerary been made public , although he is to travel to kuwait and other gulf states on wednesday , and turkey announced he would be there on friday .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

officials said the decision to give the trip a low public profile was a deliberate effort to avoid putting the gulf allies in a position to have to declare support or not .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

`` it 's hard to judge from day to day where the mood of the gulf is , '' one official said .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

`` they attacked because they were attacked , and they did the appropriate thing , '' clinton said of the pilots during remarks at the old executive office building .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

during more than 400 cruise missile strikes and 250 combat sorties over four nights this month , iraq did not fire its sam missiles , the pentagon said , evidently fearing retaliation by american and british weapons able to hone in on the batteries ' radar signals .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the united states and its allies cited u.n. resolutions adopted in the aftermath of the persian gulf war to justify enforcing the `` no flight '' zones , but the security council itself has never explicitly authorized them .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

in august 1996 , saddam 's ground forces rolled into the northern enclave to intervene in a civil war between kurdish factions , and the clinton administration could do little expect fire four dozen cruise missiles against air-defense targets in the south .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

`` the days following the expanded notification announcement have been the busiest in the history of the defense manpower data center hot line service for persian gulf incidents , '' michael doubleday , defense department spokesman , said at a news conference .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the defense department has set up two hot lines for gulf war veterans .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

one is for servicemen and women to call with information relating to their gulf experiences , and the other for those who may have been exposed to chemical weapons and want to sign up for medical examinations .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

washington , november 11 -lrb- xinhua -rrb- -- u.s. president bill clinton today promised a thorough investigation into the unexplained ailments afflicting many gulf war veterans .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

`` we will discharge our obligations to those who served in the persian gulf . ''

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

they have attributed the illnesses to `` gulf war syndrome `` caused by exposure to chemical and biological weapons .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

in a draft report , the presidential advisory committee on gulf war veterans ' illnesses did not find evidence of a syndrome but recommended an independent investigation .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

noting 26,000 cases of disability among gulf veterans , clinton said they deserve an explanation for what 's happened to them and support to overcome their sickness .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

`` i want to assure all of you that we will leave no stone unturned in our efforts to investigate these cases and to provide our gulf war veterans with the medical care they need , '' he said .

when did the persian gulf war occur ?

the pentagon said that it did not learn that there were chemical weapons until may and june of this year .

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

in late 1790 , an inquisitive government agent knocked on the door of boston silversmith and patriot paul revere and dutifully noted his name and the number of people living under his roof .

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

as the american revolution began in 1775 , revere galloped out from boston to lexington , mass. , rousing the countryside and warning that the british were marching .

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

'' but it is clear , from the questions that were asked , that there were no slaves in paul revere 's household. ''

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

'' most people realized the important nature of what was being set in motion , '' said david hendricks , a census bureau historian , standing near the case with the sheet of ruled paper listing the names of paul revere and other bostonians .

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

that included paul revere .

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

the whole panoply of american architecture , from bulfinch to i.m. pei , is on show here .

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

american legal tradition owes much to boston .

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

they have their successors in this century in scholars and writers like david reisman , john k. galbraith and henry louis gates jr. houghton mifflin and little , brown & co. carry on the city 's publishing tradition , and wgbh , boston 's public television station , produces much of the best fare on pbs , including the julia child programs and `` the american experience . ''

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

the city 's theatrical life is centered , however , across the river , in cambridge , where the gifted , turbulent robert brustein directs the american repertory theater , an unfailing source of new dramatic ideas .

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

paul revere house , 19 north square , -lrb- 617 -rrb- 523-2338 .

what was the profession of american patriot paul revere ?

american repertory theater , loeb drama center , 64 brattle st. , cambridge , -lrb- 617 -rrb- 547-8300 .

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

in late 1790 , an inquisitive government agent knocked on the door of boston silversmith and patriot paul revere and dutifully noted his name and the number of people living under his roof .

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

'' but it is clear , from the questions that were asked , that there were no slaves in paul revere 's household. ''

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

'' most people realized the important nature of what was being set in motion , '' said david hendricks , a census bureau historian , standing near the case with the sheet of ruled paper listing the names of paul revere and other bostonians .

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

that included paul revere .

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

a few lines of longfellow 's `` midnight ride of paul revere , '' and you were right there , riding alongside the boston silversmith in all his one -if-by-land , two -if-by-sea glory .

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

the tour begins at the omni parker house where henry wadsworth longfellow read excerpts from his famous poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere . ''

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

the art is longfellow 's famous poem , `` paul revere 's ride , '' written 85 years after the event .

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

the discrepancies between revere 's real ride and his ride in the poem are many , and they not only offer us insights into how artists show history , but also force us to question how seriously -lrb- if at all -rrb- we should trust artists to tell the truth .

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

the real paul revere , by the way , understood very well that artists fudge the truth , especially since he did so himself in a noted work of pre- revolution propaganda : a popular , inflammatory and grossly inaccurate engraving of the boston massacre -lrb- 1770 -rrb- , which made for a far more interesting story than what actually happened .

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

an ardent voice for american independence _ one of the original sons of liberty and an organizer of the boston tea party _ revere took many midnight rides before his most famous one , organizing a network of fellow patriots ready to warn the countryside if and when the redcoats decided to move .

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

the result was `` paul revere 's ride. ''

who is the author of the poem `` the midnight ride of paul revere ? ''

and it 's much more exciting to have revere ride not just to lexington but concord too , although in reality he never made it to concord -lrb- he was stopped by a british patrol -rrb- .