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- وكان عبد الملك محبوسا في حبس الرشيد

’Abd al-Malik had been imprisoned in al-Rashid's prison

ذكر داود بْن سليمان أن طاهرا لما قوي واستعلى أمره، وهزم من هزم من قواد محمد وجيوشه، دخل عبد الملك بْن صالح على محمد

According to Dawud b. Sulayman After Tahir had become strong, after his cause had advanced, and after he had defeated those of Muhammad's commanders and armies that he de- feated, ’Abd al-Malik b. Salih came before Muhammad

(ذكر الخبر عن سبب توليته ذلك

A report of the reason for this appointment follows

وفي هذه السنة ولى محمد بْن هارون عبد الملك بْن صالح بْن علي على الشام وأمره بالخروج إليها، وفرض له من رجالها جنودا يقاتل بها طاهرا وهرثمة

In this year, Muhammad b. Harun appointed 'Abd al-Malik b. Salih b. 'Ali to be in charge of Syria and commanded him to travel there. He recruited soldiers for him from its inhabitants to fight Tahir and Harthamah

ذكر خبر ولايه عبد الملك بن صالح على الشام

'Abd al-Malik b. Salih Appointed Governor of Syria

وولى الحسن بْن سهل ديوان الخراج

He appointed al-Hasan b. Sahl to be in charge of the tax bureau diwan al-kharaj

فحمل اللواء علي بْن هشام، وحمل العلم نعيم بْن حازم

'Ali b. Hisham carried the banner; Nu'aym b. Hazim carried the flag

فذكر بعضهم أنه رأى سيفه عند الحسن بْن سهل مكتوبا عليه بالفضة من جانب رياسه الحرب، ومن الجانب الآخر رياسه التدبير

Someone has mentioned that he saw his sword at the house of al-Hasan b. Sahl. On one side it was inscribed in silver, Ri’asat al-Harb (Leadership of War), and on the other side, Ri’asat al-Tadbir (Leadership of Administration

وجعل عمالته ثلاثة آلاف ألف درهم، وعقد له لواء على سنان ذي شعبتين، وأعطاه علما، وسماه ذا الرياستين

He gave him a salary ('umalah) of 3 million dirhams. He bound his banner on a two-pronged spearhead, gave him a flag, and named him Dhu al-Ri’asatayn

ذكر أن المأمون لما انتهى إليه الخبر عن قتل طاهر علي بْن عيسى واستيلائه على عسكره وتسميته إياه أمير المؤمنين، وسلم الفضل بْن سهل عليه بذلك، وصح عنده الخبر عن قتل طاهر عبد الرحمن بْن جبلة الأبناوي وغلبته على عسكره، دعا الفضل بْن سهل، فعقد له في رجب من هذه السنة على المشرق، من جبل همذان إلى جبل سقينان والتبت طولا، ومن بحر فارس والهند إلى بحر الديلم وجرجان عرضا

It has been mentioned After al-Ma’mun received the news that Tahir had killed ’Ali b. ’Isa and had seized his camp and that he had named him Commander of the Faithful; when, furthermore, al-Fadl b. Sahl saluted him with this title; and when he became convinced that the report about Tahir's having killed ’Abd al-Rahman b. Jabalah al-Abnawi and overcome his army was true, he summoned al-Fadl b. Sahl and in Rajab of this year gave him the governance of the East, from the mountains of Hamadhan to the mountains of Siqinan and Tibet in longitude, and from the Sea of Persia and India to the Sea of Daylam and Jurjan in latitude

وفي هذه السنة رفع المأمون منزلة الفضل بْن سهل وقدره

In this year, al-Ma’mun raised the rank and standing of al-Fadl b. Sahl

ذكر رفع منزله الفضل بن سهل عند المأمون

Al-Ma’mun Raises the Rank of al-Fadl b. Sahl

ودفن بالحجون، وتوفى وهو ابن احدى وتسعين سنه

He was buried at al-Hajun. He was ninety-one years old when he died

فرجع فتوفى في السنه الداخله يوم السبت أول يوم من رجب سنه ثمان وتسعين ومائه

Sufyan returned from his pilgrimage and died the next year, on Saturday, the 1st of Rajab 198/February 25, 814

وانى قد استحييت من الله عز وجل من كثره ما اساله ذلك

I feel embarrassed before God about asking Him this so many times

فلما كان بجمع وصلى استلقى على فراشه، ثم قال لي قد وافيت هذا الموضع سبعين عاما اقول في كل عام اللهم لا تجعله آخر العهد من هذا المكان

When he was at Jam', having prayed, he lay on his mat and said to me I have arrived at this place for seventy years, and each time I said 'O Lord, do not make this the last time that I visit this place

وقال ابن سعد أخبرني الحسن بن عمران بن عيينه ابن أخي سفيان قال حججت مع عمى سفيان آخر حجه حجها سنه سبع وتسعين ومائه

According to Ibn Sa'd—al-Hasan b. 'Imran b. 'Uyaynah, Sufyan's nephew I was with my uncle on the last pilgrimage he made to Mecca, in the year August) 813

وذهب الثوري قبلي بعام

Sufyan al-Thawri preceded me there by a year

قال سفيان وذهبت الى اليمن سنه خمسين ومائه وسنه ثنتين وخمسين ومائه ومعمر حي

Sufyan related I went to the Yemen in the years 150/February 6, 767-January 25, 768, and 152/January 14, 769-January 3, 770, while Ma'mar b. Rashid was still alive

وعمر حتى مات ذوو اسنانه، وبقي بعدهم

He lived a long life, until his peers died and he outlived them

وطلب العلم قديما، وكان حافظا

He had pursued knowledge at an early age and become a hafiz

وقال ابن سعد أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّد بن عُمَرَ، قَالَ أخبرني سفيان بن عيينه انه ولد سنه سبع ومائه

According to Ibn Sa'd—Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi Sufyan b. 'Uyaynah told me that he was bom in the year 107/May 19, 725-May 7, 726

فلحق عيينه بن ابى عمران بمكة فنزلها

'Uyaynah b. Abi 'Imran went away and settled in Mecca

فلما عزل خالد عن العراق، وولى يوسف بن عمر الثقفى طلب عمال خالد فهربوا منه

When Khalid was dismissed from his office as governor of Iraq and replaced by Yusuf b. 'Umar al-Thaqafi, the latter pursued Khalid's functionaries, so they fled from him

وكان أبوه عيينه من عمال خالد بن عبد الله القسرى

Sufyan's father, 'Uyaynah, was a functionary of Khalid b. 'Abdallah al-Qasri

ويكنى أبا محمد مولى لبنى عبد الله بن رويبة، من بنى هلال بن عامر بن صعصعة

His kunyah was Abu Muhammad; he was a client of the Banu 'Abdallah b. Ruwaybah, a clan of the Banu Hilal b. 'Amir b. Sa'sa'ah

وسفيان بن عيينه بن ابى عمران

Sufyan b. 'Uyaynah b. Abi 'Imran

فلم يزل قاضيا بها الى ان توفى في رجب سنه ثلاث وتسعين ومائه

He remained judge there until his death in Rajab 193/April-May 808

وولى قضاء بغداد الجانب الغربي منها في حياه ابيه، وصلى بالناس الجمعه في مدينه ابى جعفر بأمر هارون

He held the office of judge in west Baghdad while his father was still alive and acted as the leader of prayer on Fridays in the city of Abu Ja'far by order of Harun al-Rashid

وكان قد سمع الحديث ونظر في الرأي

He learned tradition and studied the method of analogy (nz’y

فمات بالري في سنه تسع وثمانين ومائه وهو ابن ثمان وخمسين سنه

Muhammad then died in al-Rayy in the year 189/December 8, 804-November 26, 805

فلما خرج هارون الى الري الخرجه الاولى امره فخرج معه

When Harun left for al-Rayy the first time he ordered Muhammad to accompany him, which he did

فولاه قضاء الرقة، ثم عزله، فقدم بغداد

Harun appointed him judge of al-Raqqah but later dismissed him, so he returned to Baghdad

ثم خرج الى الرقة وهارون الرشيد بها

He later moved to al-Raqqah when the caliph, Harun al-Rashid, was staying there

ثم قدم بغداد فنزلها، وسمع منه بها

Muhammad settled in Baghdad, where people studied traditions from him

فغلب عليه مذهبه، وعرف به

The latter's school of law became the predominant one as far as Muhammad b. al-Hasan was concerned, and he was known as a Hanafi

ثم جالس أبا حنيفه، وسمع منه

He later participated in Abu Hanifah's assembly and studied from him

ونشا بالكوفه، وطلب الحديث، وسمع

He grew up in al-Kufah and became a student of tradition, attending lectures on the subject

وكان أبوه في جند الشام، فقدم واسطا فولد محمد بها سنه ثنتين وثلاثين ومائه

His father, who had been enlisted in the Syrian army, came to Wasit, where Muhammad was born in the year 132/August 20, 749-August 8, 750

كان اصله من الجزيرة

Muhammad's origin was in the Jazirah

ويكنى أبا عبد الله، وهو مولى لبنى شيبان

His kunyah was Abu 'Abdallah, and he was a client of the Shayban

ومحمد بن الحسن

Muhammad b. al-Hasan

ولا نقول كما قالت الجهمية انه هاهنا- واشار بيده الى الارض

We do not believe, like the Jahmiyyah, that He is found here; he said this pointing with his hand to the ground

قال فوق سبع سموات على العرش بائنا من خلقه بحد

He said He is above seven heavens, on the throne, separated from His creation by a partition

سمعت عبد الله بن احمد ابن شبويه يقول سمعت على بن الحسن يقول قلنا لعبد الله بن المبارك كيف تعرف ربنا

According to 'Abdallah b. Ahmad b. Shabbawayh—'Ali b. al-Hasan We asked 'Abdallah b. al-Mubarak What do you know of our Lord

سمعت عبد الله بن احمد ابن شبويه، قال سمعت على بن الحسن يقول سمعت ابن المبارك يقول انا لنحكى كلام اليهود والنصارى، ولا نستطيع ان نحكى كلام الجهمية

According to 'Abdallah b. Ahmad b. Shabbawayh—'Ali b. al-Hasan—Ibn al-Mubarak We transmit what the Jews and the Christians say, but we cannot transmit what the Jahmiyyah say

ومات بهيت منصرفا من غزو الروم سنه احدى وثمانين ومائه وله ثلاث وستون سنه

He died in Hit on his way back from a raid against the Byzantines in the year 181 /March 5, 797-February 21, 798, at the age of sixty-three

وولد ابن المبارك في سنه ثماني عشره ومائه، وكان من سكان خراسان

Ibn al-Mubarak was bom in the year 118/January 20, 736- January 7, 737, and lived in Khurasan

وكان مع ذلك زاهدا سخيا

Moreover, he was an ascetic and a generous person

ويكنى أبا عبد الرحمن

His kunyah was Abu 'Abd al-Rahman

وعبد الله بن المبارك

'Abdallah b. al-Mubarak

مات في صفر سنه تسع وسبعين ومائه

He died in Safar 179/April-May 795

قال ابن سعد فذكرت ذلك لمصعب بن عبد الله الزبيري فقال انا احفظ الناس لموت مالك

Ibn Sa'd said I mentioned this to Mus'ab b. 'Abdallah al-Zubayri, and he said I know better than anyone else about Malik's death

وكان يوم مات ابن خمس وثمانين سنه

Malik was eighty-five years old when he died

فصلى على مالك في موضع الجنائز، ودفن بالبقيع

'Abdallah said the prayer over Malik at the funeral place; then Malik was buried in al-Baqi

وكان يعرف بامه يقال له عبد الله بن زينب، وكان يومئذ واليا على المدينة

This 'Abdallah was known by his mother's name, that is, 'Abdallah b. Zaynab, and was governor of Medina at the time

وقال ابن سعد أخبرنا ابن ابى اويس، قال اشتكى مالك بن انس أياما يسيره، فسالت بعض أهلنا عما قال عند الموت، قالوا تشهد ثم قال لله الأمر من قبل ومن بعد

According to Ibn Sa'd—Ibn Abi Uways Malik b. Anas was ill for a few days before he died, I asked people of our family about what he said on the brink of death, and they replied that he uttered the words There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger, then recited The affair belongs to Allah before and after

فقال لعمري لو طاوعتنى على ذلك لأمرت به

Al-Mansur said Upon my soul, had you agreed with me in this, I would have ordered it

وان ردهم عما قد اعتقدوه شديد، فدع الناس وما هم عليه، وما اختار اهل كل بلد لأنفسهم

It is difficult to make people renounce their beliefs, so leave them as they are, and let the people of every city choose for themselves

وأخذ كل قوم بما سبق اليهم، وعملوا به، ودانوا به من اختلاف الناس وغيرهم

Every community adheres to those of the different opinions and lessons that have reached it first; it follows these and holds them

قال فقلت يا امير المؤمنين لا تفعل هذا، فان الناس قد سبقت اليهم اقاويل، وسمعوا احاديث ورووا روايات

I said O Commander of the Faithful, do not do this, for various views and traditions (ahadith) have already reached the public, and people have transmitted material in various ways

فانى رايت اصل العلم روايه اهل المدينة وعلمهم

For I have come to realize that the authentic knowledge of religious law is that possessed and transmitted by the people of Medina

ثم ابعث الى كل مصر من امصار المسلمين منها نسخه، وآمرهم ان يعملوا بما فيها لا يتعدونه الى غيره، ويدعوا ما سوى ذلك من هذا العلم المحدث

I shall then send a copy to every Islamic city and order the people to act according to what is written in this book, not to turn from it to any other, and to abandon everything else of this science of religious law, which is innovation

فقال انى قد عزمت ان آمر بكتبك هذه التي قد وضعتها -يعنى الموطأ- فتنسخ نسخا

Then he said I have decided to take the books you have written—meaning the Muwatta’—and have several copies made of them

وسألني فاجبته

He was asking me questions, and I replied

لما حج ابو جعفر المنصور دعانى فدخلت عليه، فحادثته

When Abu Ja'far al-Mansur performed the pilgrimage he summoned me. I went in to see him and conversed with him

واما محمد بن عمر فانه ذكر هذه القصة عن مالك بخلاف ما حدثنى به العباس عن ابراهيم بن حماد، والذى ذكر محمد بن عمر من ذلك ما حدثنى به الحارث، عن ابن سعد عنه، قال سمعت مالك بن انس يقول

As for Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi, he related this story about Malik in a way different from the version of al-'Abbas- Ibrahim b. Hammad. Muhammad b. 'Umar's account runs as follows. According to al-Harith b. Muhammad—Ibn Sa'd— Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi—Malik b. Anas

واما اهل العراق فهم اهل العراق

And, as for the people of Iraq, they are the people of Iraq

واما الشام ففيهم الذى قد علمته -يعنى الأوزاعي

As for Syria, you know who lives among them; he meant al-Awza'i

قال يا امير المؤمنين، اما هذا الصقع -واشار الى المغرب وقد كفيتكه

Malik replied O Commander of the Faithful, as for that quarter, I can accomplish that; he was pointing toward the Maghrib

حدثنى العباس بن الوليد قال حدثنى ابراهيم بن حماد الزهري المديني، قال سمعت مالكا يقول قال لي المهدى يا أبا عبد الله ضع كتابا احمل الامه عليه

According to al-'Abbas b. al-Walid—Ibrahim b. Hammad al-Zuhri al-Madini—Malik The caliph al-Mahdi said to me O Abu 'Abdallah, prepare a book of law, and I shall make the community adhere to it

وكان مفتى اهل بلده في زمانه ومحدثهم

He was the mufti and tradi- tionist (muhaddith) of his town in his time

وكان مالك يكنى أبا عبد الله

Malik's kunyah was Abu 'Abdallah

وعداده في تيم بن مره من قريش الى عبد الرحمن بن عثمان بن عبيد الله التيمى

As a pension recipient, he counted as one of the Taym b. Murrah of the Quraysh; his name was attached to that of 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Uthman b. 'Ubaydallah al-Taymi

ومالك بن انس بن ابى عامر بن عمرو بن الحارث ابن غيمان بن خثيل بن عمرو بن الحارث، وهو ذو اصبح من حمير

Malik b. Anas b. Malik b. Abi 'Amir b. 'Amr b. al-Harith b. Ghayman b. Khuthayl b. 'Amr b. al-Harith, that is, Dhu Asbah of the Himyar

ومضى الحسن بن زيد يريد مكة، فاشتكى أياما ثم مات بالحاجر فدفن هناك سنه ثمان وستين ومائه

Al-Hasan b. Zayd, however, continued the journey in the direction of Mecca but fell ill for a few days, then died in al-Hajir and was buried there. This occurred in the year 168/785

وكان الماء في الطريق قليلا، فخشي المهدى على من معه العطش، فرجع من الطريق ولم يحج تلك السنه

Water was scarce on the way, and al-Mahdi feared thirst for his companions, so he returned and did not perform the pilgrimage that year

ومعه حسن بن زيد

Al-Hasan b. Zayd came along with him

ولم يزل معه حتى خرج المهدى يريد الحج في سنه ثمان وستين ومائه

Al-Hasan remained with al-Mahdi until the latter set out for the pilgrimage, in the year 168/July 785

فاخرجه المهدى واقدمه عليه ورد عليه كل شيء ذهب له

Al-Mahdi then freed al-Hasan, brought him to his court, and returned to him all the property he had lost

ولم يزل محبوسا حتى مات ابو جعفر

Al-Hasan remained in prison until Abu Ja'far's death

فكتب محمد المهدى وهو ولى عهد ابيه الى عبد الصمد بن على سرا! إياك إياك

Muhammad al-Mahdi b. al-Mansur, who was his father's heir apparent, wrote secretly to 'Abd al-Samadb. 'Ali Beware! beware

وعزله، فاستصفى كل شيء له فباعه وحبسه

He dismissed him from office, confiscated all his property, and sold it, then imprisoned him

ثم تعقبه فغضب عليه

Al-Mansur then found fault with al-Hasan and became angry with him

وكان حسن بن زيد عابدا، فولاه ابو جعفر المدينة فوليها خمس سنين

Hasan b. Zayd was a pious man. Abu Ja'far al-Mansur appointed him governor of Medina, a position he held for five years

وولد الحسن ابن زيد محمدا والقاسم وأم كلثوم بنت حسن، تزوجها ابو العباس امير المؤمنين، فولدت له غلامين هلكا صغيرين، وعليا وزيدا وابراهيم وعيسى واسماعيل وإسحاق الأعور وعبد الله

He fathered many children Muhammad; al-Qasim; Umm Kulthum bt. al-Hasan, who was married to the caliph Abu al-'Abbas al-Saffah and bore him two children, both of whom died young; 'Ali; Zayd; Ibrahim; 'Isa; Isma'il; Ishaq al-A'war (the one-eyed); and 'Abdallah

وكان الحسن بن زيد يكنى أبا محمد

Al-Hasan b. Zayd's kunyah was Abu Muhammad

وحسن بن زيد بن حسن بن على ابن ابى طالب ع

Hasan b. Zayd b. Hasan b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib

فقال لا يغرنك عشاء سالم *** سوف ياتى بالمنيات السحر فلما كان السحر سمعت الواعية عليه

He replied In the evening I look healthy, but do not be deceived. Dawn will bring death, and I shall be deceased. At dawn I heard the cry announcing his death

وقال فضيل بن عبد الوهاب حدثنا معاذ بن معاذ قال دخلت على عبيد الله ابن الحسن قاضى اهل البصره اعوده، فقلت أراك اليوم بحمد الله صالحا

According to Fudayl b. 'Abd al-Wahhab—Mu'adh b. Mu'adh I came to visit 'Ubaydallah b. al-Hasan, the judge of al-Basrah, and said I see that you are well today, God be praised

وقال محمد بن عمر مات عبيد الله بن الحسن العنبري في ذي القعده سنه ثمان وستين ومائه

According to Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi 'Ubaydallah b. al-Hasan al-'Anbari died in Dhu al-Qa'dah 168/May-June 784

أموالنا لذوي الميراث نجمعها *** ودورنا لخراب الدهر نبنيها

Our riches for inheritors we accumulate,- our houses we build for time to lay waste

اين الملوك التي عن حظها غفلت *** حتى سقاها بكاس الموت ساقيها

Where are the kings, who were heedless of their fate until the cup of death was given them to taste

ذكر ابن سعد ان احمد بن مخلد قال سمع عبيد الله بن الحسن العنبري على منبر البصره يقول

According to Ibn Sa'd—Ahmad b. Makhlad, who heard 'Ubaydallah b. al-Hasan al-'Anbari recite on the pulpit in the mosque of al-Basrah

قال على بن محمد ولد عبيد الله بن الحسن سنه مائه، وقيل سنه ست ومائه، وولى القضاء سنه سبع وخمسين ومائه

According to 'Ali b. Muhammad al-Mada’ini 'Ubaydallah b. al-Hasan was bom in the year 100 or ro6/May 29, 724-May 18, 725 and was appointed judge in the year 157/November 21, 773- November 10, 774

ولى قضاء البصره بعد سوار بن عبد الله

He was appointed judge of al-Basrah after Sawwar b. 'Abdallah

وكان من فقهاء اهل البصره وذوى الأدب منهم والعقل

He was a jurist and counts among the educated and clever people of al-Basrah

وعبيد الله بن الحسين بن الحصين ابن مالك بن مالك بن الخشخاش بن حباب بن الحارث بن خلف بن مجفر بن كعب ابن العنبر بن عمرو بن تميم

'Ubaydallah b. al-Hasan b. al-Husayn b. Malik b. Malik b. al-Khashkhash b. Hubab b. al-Harith b. Khalaf b. Mujfir b. Ka'b b. al-'Anbar b. 'Amr b. Tamim

وكان كثير الحديث شيعيا

He was a Shi'i and transmitted many traditions

مولى مزاحم بن زفر من تيم الرباب من ساكنى الكوفه وبها كانت وفاته في سنه سبع وستين ومائه

He was the client of Muzahim b. Zufar of the Taym al-Ribab.’ He was an inhabitant of al-Kufah, where he died in the year 167