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์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์์คํ
๋ค์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ฑ๊ณตํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ์๋ค๊ณ ํด์ ๊ฐ์ ์ฑ
์ด ๋ฐ๋ก ๋ณด์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋๋๋ค. | Now, knowing what successful systems are doing doesn't yet tell us how to improve. |
์ด๊ฒ์ ๋ถ๋ช
ํ ์ฌ์ค์ด๊ณ , PISA์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋น๊ต๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ํ๊ณ์ด๊ธฐ๋ ํฉ๋๋ค. | That's also clear, and that's where some of the limits of international comparisons of PISA are. |
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ PISA๊ฐ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ๋ฌด์์ ํด์ผํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ์๋ ค์ฃผ๋ ์์ญ๊น์ง ๋์์ง ์๋์ด์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ ํฉ๋๋ค. | That's where other forms of research need to kick in, and that's also why PISA doesn't venture into telling countries what they should be doing. |
PISA์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ทธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์๊ฒ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํด์๋์ง ์๋ ค์ฃผ๋๋ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค. | But its strength lies in telling them what everybody else has been doing. |
PISA์ ์์๋ ์๋ฃ๊ฐ ์ฌ์ ์ง์์ ํ์ ์ ํต์ ๋ณด๋ค ๋์ฑ ๊ฐํ ํ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์์์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฃผ๋ก ํ์๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํด ๊ต์ก ์์คํ
์ ์ด์ํ์ฃ . | And the example of PISA shows that data can be more powerful than administrative control of financial subsidy through which we usually run education systems. |
์ด๋ค ์ด๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ต์ก ํ์ ์ ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฌ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฎ๊ธฐ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค. | You know, some people argue that changing educational administration is like moving graveyards. |
๋๋ฌด์ง ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๊นฅ์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ ๋์๋ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ์์งํ ์๊ฐ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด์ฃ . (์์) ํ์ง๋ง PISA๋ ๊ต์ก์์ ๋ฌด์์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ์ง๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค๋๋ค. | You just can't rely on the people out there to help you with this. (Laughter) But PISA has shown what's possible in education. |
๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ๊ฐ์ ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋๋ก ๋์๊ณ , | It has helped countries to see that improvement is possible. |
ํ์ค์ ์์ฃผํ๋ ค๋ ์ด๋ค๋ก๋ถํฐ ํ๊ณ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์์ด์ผ๋ฉฐ, | It has taken away excuses from those who are complacent. |
๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ์๋ฏธ์๋ ๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ฐ๋๋ก ๋์๋๋ฐ, ์ด๋ ์์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ์ด๋ฃฉํ ์ธก์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋ชฉํ๋ค์ด์์ฃ . | And it has helped countries to set meaningful targets in terms of measurable goals achieved by the world's leaders. |
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ ์ด๋ฆฐ์ด, ๋ชจ๋ ๊ต์ฌ, ๋ชจ๋ ํ๊ต๋ฅผ, ๋ชจ๋ ๊ต์ฅ ์ ์๋, ๋ชจ๋ ํ๋ถ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋์ ์ด๋ค ๊ฐ์ ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ์ง ๋ณผ ์ ์๋๋ก ํ์ฌ ๊ต์ก ํฅ์์ ํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์์จ ์ ์๋ค๋ฉด, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํํํ ๊ธฐ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ จํ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. ๋ ๋์ ์ ์ฑ
๊ณผ ๋ ๋์ ์ถ์ ์ํด์ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | If we can help every child, every teacher, every school, every principal, every parent see what improvement is possible, that only the sky is the limit to education improvement, we have laid the foundations for better policies and better lives. |
๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. | Thank you. |
(๋ฐ์) ์ ๋ ์ค๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ด ๋ณด์๋ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ํค๋๋ผ์ธ์ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋๋ ๊ณผํ์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋ํด์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๊ณ ์ ํฉ๋๋ค. | (Applause) I'd like to talk to you today about the scale of the scientific effort that goes into making the headlines you see in the paper. |
์ด์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ธฐํ ๋ณํ์ ๊ดํ ํค๋๋ผ์ธ์ ๋ํด์ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๋ ๋๊ธฐ์ง์ด๋ ์ค๋ชจ๊ทธ์ ๊ดํ ํค๋๋ผ์ธ์ ๋ํด์์. | Headlines that look like this when they have to do with climate change, and headlines that look like this when they have to do with air quality or smog. |
๋ ๋ค ๋๊ธฐ๊ณผํ์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ํฉ๋๋ค. | They are both two branches of the same field of atmospheric science. |
์ต๊ทผ์๋ '์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ์์ํ(IPCC)'๊ฐ ๋๊ธฐ์์คํ
์ ์ดํด์ ๊ดํ ๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐํํ์ ๋ ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ ํค๋๋ผ์ธ์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค. | Recently the headlines looked like this when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, put out their report on the state of understanding of the atmospheric system. |
๊ทธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ 40๊ฐ๊ตญ์ 620๋ช
์ ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ ์ํด ์์ฑ๋์์ต๋๋ค. | That report was written by 620 scientists from 40 countries. |
๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ฑฐ์ 1000์ชฝ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ์ต๋๋ค. | They wrote almost a thousand pages on the topic. |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ชจ๋ ํ์ด์ง๋ 113๊ฐ๊ตญ์ 400์ฌ๋ช
์ ๊ณผํ์ ๋ฐ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ ์ํด ์ฌ๊ฒํ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. | And all of those pages were reviewed by another 400-plus scientists and reviewers, from 113 countries. |
์ด๊ฒ์ ํฐ ์ปค๋ฎค๋ํฐ์
๋๋ค. ์ค์ ๋ก ์ฐ๋ก๋ชจ์์ ๊ท๋ชจ๊ฐ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ณผํ๋ถ์ผ์ ๋ชจ์ ์ค ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฝ๋๋ค. ๋งค๋
15,000๋ช
์ | It's a big community. It's such a big community, in fact, that our annual gathering is the largest scientific meeting in the world. |
๊ณผํ์๋ค์ด ๋ชจ์์ ์ํด ์ํ๋์์ค์ฝ๋ก ๊ฐ๋๋ค. | Over 15,000 scientists go to San Francisco every year for that. |
๊ทธ ๊ณผํ์๋ค ๋ชจ๋๋ ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ์ํด์๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ๋ค์ํ ์ฃผ์ ์ ๊ดํด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. | And every one of those scientists is in a research group, and every research group studies a wide variety of topics. |
์ผ์๋ธ๋ฆฌ์ง์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ๋ ์จ์ ๊ธฐํ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ๋ ์๋๋จ, ์์ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ์ ๋น๊ต๋ถ์, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ๊ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์๋ ๋ฐ์ด์ค์ฐ๋ฃ์ ์๋ฃ๊ฐ ๋๋ ๊ณก๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถํ๋ ๊ฐ์ค์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ค์ํ ์ฃผ์ ์ ๊ดํด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. | For us at Cambridge, it's as varied as the El Niรฑo oscillation, which affects weather and climate, to the assimilation of satellite data, to emissions from crops that produce biofuels, which is what I happen to study. |
๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ์ผ์๋ ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์ฌ๊ณผ์ ์ ํ์๋ค์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ช ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ ๋ช ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ข์ ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋ํด ์ฐ๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค. | And in each one of these research areas, of which there are even more, there are PhD students, like me, and we study incredibly narrow topics, things as narrow as a few processes or a few molecules. |
์ด ์์ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ถ์๋ ์์ด์ํ๋ ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ ๊ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๋ ๋ถ์ ์ค ํ๋์
๋๋ค. ์๋ง ๋ชป ๋ค์ด๋ณด์
จ๊ฒ ์ง์. | And one of the molecules I study is called isoprene, which is here. It's a small organic molecule. You've probably never heard of it. |
ํด๋ฆฝ ํ๋์ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๋ ๋๋ต ์์ด์ํ๋ ๋ถ์ 900x10^21๊ฐ์ ๋ฌด๊ฒ์ ๋น์ทํฉ๋๋ค. | The weight of a paper clip is approximately equal to 900 zeta-illion -- 10 to the 21st -- molecules of isoprene. |
์์ด์ํ๋ ์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ณ์ง๋ง ๋งค๋
์ธ๊ณ ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๋งํผ์ด ๋๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ฐฉ์ถ๋๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์์ฒญ๋ ์์
๋๋ค. | But despite its very small weight, enough of it is emitted into the atmosphere every year to equal the weight of all the people on the planet. |
์ด๋ ๋ฐฉ์ถ๋๋ ๋ฉํ์ ๋ฌด๊ฒ์ ๋ง๋จน์ต๋๋ค. | It's a huge amount of stuff. It's equal to the weight of methane. |
์ด ์์ฒญ๋ ์ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋๊ธฐ์์คํ
์ ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค. | And because it's so much stuff, it's really important for the atmospheric system. |
๋๊ธฐ์์คํ
์ ์ค์ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ์ ํฌ๋ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๋๋ฐ ๋ง์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ ๊ธฐ์ธ์
๋๋ค. | Because it's important to the atmospheric system, we go to all lengths to study this thing. |
์ ํฌ๋ ๋ถ์ ํ๋ํ๋๋ฅผ ๊ผผ๊ผผํ๊ฒ ์ดํด๋ด
๋๋ค | We blow it up and look at the pieces. |
์ด๊ฒ์ ์คํ์ธ์ ์๋ ์ ํฌ์ด ์ค๋ชจ๊ทธ ์ฑ๋ฒ์
๋๋ค. | This is the EUPHORE Smog Chamber in Spain. |
๋๊ธฐ์ค ํญ๋ฐ ๋๋ ์์ ์ฐ์๋ ์ฐจ์์ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค 15,000๋ฐฐ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ผ์ด๋ฉ๋๋ค. | Atmospheric explosions, or full combustion, takes about 15,000 times longer than what happens in your car. |
๊ทธ๋๋ ์ ํฌ๋ ํ๋ํ๋ ์ดํด๋ด
๋๋ค. | But still, we look at the pieces. |
์ํผ์ปดํจํฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํด ์๋ง์ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์คํํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด๊ฒ์ด ์ ๊ฐ ๋งก์ ์ผ์
๋๋ค. | We run enormous models on supercomputers; this is what I happen to do. |
๋ชจ๋ธ๋ค์, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋งค์ฐ ์งง์ ์๊ฐ์ ์๋ฐฑ๊ฐ์ ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ๊ณ์ฐํ๋ ์์ญ๋ง๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฉ์๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ ์์ต๋๋ค. | Our models have hundreds of thousands of grid boxes calculating hundreds of variables each, on minute timescales. |
๊ณ์ฐ์๋ ๋ช ์ฃผ๊ฐ ์์๋๋ ๋ฐ, | And it takes weeks to perform our integrations. |
์ ํฌ๋ ํ์์ ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ์์ญ ๋ฒ์ ๊ณ์ฐ์ ์คํํฉ๋๋ค. | And we perform dozens of integrations in order to understand what's happening. |
์ ํฌ๋ ๋ํ ์์ด์ํ๋ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ธ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋๋๋ค. | We also fly all over the world looking for this thing. |
์ ๋ ์ต๊ทผ์ ๋ง๋ ์ด์์์ ํ์ง ์กฐ์ฌ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ์์ต๋๋ค. | I recently joined a field campaign in Malaysia. There are others. |
๊ทธ๊ณณ์ ์ด๋๋ฆผ์๋ ์ธ๊ณ ๋๊ธฐ ๊ด์ธกํ์ด ์์๋๋ฐ, ์ ํฌ๋ ์์ด์ํ๋ ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ์ ์์ญ๋ง ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ์ด๋ฅด๋ ๊ณผํ์ฅ๋น๋ฅผ ์ค์นํ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ ์๋ ๋์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ์์ต๋๋ค. | We found a global atmospheric watchtower there, in the middle of the rainforest, and hung hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of scientific equipment off this tower, to look for isoprene, and of course, other things while we were there. |
์ด ์ฌ์ง์ ์ด๋๋ฆผ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์๋ฅผ ์์์ ์ฐ์ ๊ฒ์ด๊ณ , | This is the tower in the middle of the rainforest, from above. |
์ด ์ฌ์ง์ ์๋์ ์ฐ์ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | And this is the tower from below. |
์ ํฌ๋ ํ์ง ์กฐ์ฌ์ ์ํด ๋นํ๊ธฐ๊น์ง ๋์ํ์์ต๋๋ค. | And on part of that field campaign we even brought an aircraft with us. |
FAM์ด ์ด์ํ๋ BA146 ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์ด ๋นํ๊ธฐ๋ 120์์ 130๋ช
์ ์น๊ฐ์ด ํ์นํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | And this plane, the model, BA146, which was run by FAAM, normally flies 120 to 130 people. |
์๋ง ์ค๋ ํ๊ณ ์ค์ ๋นํ๊ธฐ์ ๋น์ทํ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ผ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | So maybe you took a similar aircraft to get here today. |
์ ํฌ๋ ๋จ์ง ๋นํํ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ, ๋ถ์์ ์ธก์ ์ ์ํด ์ด๋๋ฆผ 100m ์๊ณต์ ๋ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋งค์ฐ ์ํํ ์ผ์ด์์ฃ . | But we didn't just fly it. We were flying at 100 meters above the top of the canopy to measure this molecule -- incredibly dangerous stuff. |
์ธก์ ์ ์ํด์๋ ํน์ ํ ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋นํํด์ผ๋ง ํ๊ธฐ์, | We have to fly at a special incline in order to make the measurements. |
์ด ์ด๋ ค์ด ๋นํ์ ์ํํ ๊ฒ์ฆ๋ ๋นํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฉํ์ต๋๋ค. | We hire military and test pilots to do the maneuvering. |
๋ํ ํน๋ณ ๋นํํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์์ผ๋ง ํ์ต๋๋ค. | We have to get special flight clearance. |
๊ณจ์ง๊ธฐ์ ๊ธฐ์ญ์ ๋์ ๋นํํ ๋๋ 2G์ ํ์ ๋ฐ์ต๋๋ค. | And as you come around the banks in these valleys, the forces can get up to two Gs. |
์ธก์ ์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๋ฒจํธ๋ฅผ ๋จ๋จํ ๋งค๊ณ ์ข์์ ๋ชธ์ ๋ฐ์ง ๋ถ์ฌ์ผ๋ง ํ์ต๋๋ค. | And the scientists have to be completely harnessed in in order to make measurements while they're on board. |
์, ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ๊ป์ ์์ํ์๋ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ์ด ๋นํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ด๋ถ๋ ํด๊ฐ ๋ ํ๋ ๋นํ๊ธฐ์๋ ๋ค๋ฆ
๋๋ค. | So, as you can imagine, the inside of this aircraft doesn't look like any plane you would take on vacation. |
์ด๋ ์์ด์ํ๋ ์ ์ธก์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋นํ ์คํ์ค์
๋๋ค. | It's a flying laboratory that we took to make measurements in the region of this molecule. |
์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋จ ํ๋์ ๋ถ์๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | We do all of this to understand the chemistry of one molecule. |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ์์ด ๊ทธ ๋ถ์์ ๋ํด ๊ด์ฌ์ด ์๊ฑฐ๋ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ ์ ๊ดํด ํ๋์ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์์ฑํฉ๋๋ค. | And when one student like me has some sort of inclination or understanding about that molecule, they write one scientific paper on the subject. |
๊ทธ ํ์ง ์กฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์ญ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ก์ธ์ค๋ ๋ถ์์ ๋ํ ์์ญ๊ฐ์ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ป์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | And out of that field campaign we'll probably get a few dozen papers on a few dozen processes or molecules. |
์ด๋ฐ ์ง์๋ค์ด ํ์ ๊ฐ์ถ๋ฉด, IPCC๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋ณด๊ณ ์์ ํ ์๋ธ์น์
, ๋๋ ์๋ธ์น์
์ ์ผ๋ถ๋ถ์ด ๋ฉ๋๋ค. | And as a body of knowledge builds up, it will form one subsection, or one sub-subsection of an assessment like the IPCC, although we have others. |
IPCC์ 11๊ฐ ์ฑํฐ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 6๊ฐ์์ 10๊ฐ์ ์๋ธ์น์
์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ฉ๋๋ค. | And each one of the 11 chapters of the IPCC has six to ten subsections. |
์ด์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋๋์ง ์์ํ์ค ์ ์์ผ์๊ฒ ์ฃ ? | So you can imagine the scale of the effort. |
์์ฑํ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ค์๋ ํญ์ ์์ฝ์ ์ฒจ๋ถํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด ์์ฝ์ ์ผ๋ฐ๋์ค์ ์ํด ์ฐ์ฌ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | In each one of those assessments that we write, we always tag on a summary, and the summary is written for a non-scientific audience. |
์ ํฌ๊ฐ ์ด ์์ฝ์ ์ธ๋ก ์ธ๊ณผ ์ ์ฑ
์
์์๋ค์๊ฒ ์ ๋ฌํ๋ฉด ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ ํค๋๋ผ์ธ๋ค์ด ๋ง๋ค์ด์ง๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | And we hand that summary to journalists and policy makers, in order to make headlines like these. |
๊ฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. | Thank you very much. |
(๋ฐ์) ์ค๋ ๋ถํ๋๋ฆด ๊ฒ ํ๋ ์์ต๋๋ค. | (Applause) Today I have just one request. |
์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ฒํ๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ์ง ๋ง์๋ฌ๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | Please don't tell me I'm normal. |
์ด์ ์ ํ์ ๋ค์ ์๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค. | Now I'd like to introduce you to my brothers. |
๋ ๋ฏธ๋ 22์ด์ด๊ณ , ํค๊ฐ ํฌ๊ณ ์์ฃผ ์ ์๊ฒผ์ต๋๋ค. | Remi is 22, tall and very handsome. |
๊ทธ๋ ๋ง์ด ์์ง๋ง, ๋ง ์ ํ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ๋ ์กฐ๊ธ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์๊ณผ ์ํตํฉ๋๋ค. | He's speechless, but he communicates joy in a way that some of the best orators cannot. |
๋ ๋ฏธ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง ์๊ณ ์์ง์. | Remi knows what love is. |
๊ทธ๋ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ด ์ฌ๋์ ๋ฒ ํ๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋ณํ์ง๋ ์์ต๋๋ค. | He shares it unconditionally and he shares it regardless. |
๊ทธ๋ ์์ฌ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ ํผ๋ถ์์ ๋ณด์ง ์์์. | He's not greedy. He doesn't see skin color. |
๊ทธ๋ ์ข
๊ต์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฒ๋ค๊ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ์ ๋๋ก ๊ฑฐ์ง๋ง์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. | He doesn't care about religious differences, and get this: He has never told a lie. |
๊ทธ๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ฆฐ ์์ ๋
ธ๋๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๋, ์ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ตํ์ง๋ ๋ชปํ๋ ๋จ์ด๋ค์ ๋งํ๋ฉด์, ๊ทธ๋ ์ ์๊ฒ ํ ๊ฐ์ง๋ฅผ ์๊ธฐ์ํต๋๋ค : ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ง์์ ๋ํด์ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋์ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ ค์ง์ง ์์ ๊ฒ๋ค์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ก์ธ ๊ฒ์ธ์ง์ ๋ํด ๋ง์ด์ง์, | When he sings songs from our childhood, attempting words that not even I could remember, he reminds me of one thing: how little we know about the mind, and how wonderful the unknown must be. |
์ฌ๋ฌด์์ 16์ด์
๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ ํค๊ฐ ํฌ๊ณ ๋งค์ฐ ์ ์๊ฒผ์ด์. | Samuel is 16. He's tall. He's very handsome. |
๊ทธ๋ ํ ์ก์ ๋ฐ ์๋ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. | He has the most impeccable memory. |
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ทธ์ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ์ ์ ํ์ ์
๋๋ค. | He has a selective one, though. |
๊ทธ๋ ์์ ์ด ์ ์ด์ฝ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ณค๋์ง๋ ๊ธฐ์ตํ์ง ๋ชปํ์ง๋ง ์ ์์ดํ์ ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๋
ธ๋์ ๋ฐ๋งค ์ฐ๋์ ๊ทธ๊ฐ 4์ด์ผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋๋ด๋ ๋ํ๋ค, ํ
๋ ํ ๋น ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์ก ๋ ์ ํ์ ์ค์ค์ ์ผ ๊ฒ๊ณผ, ๋ ์ด๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์์ผ์ ๊ธฐ์ตํฉ๋๋ค. | He doesn't remember if he stole my chocolate bar, but he remembers the year of release for every song on my iPod, conversations we had when he was four, weeing on my arm on the first ever episode of Teletubbies, and Lady Gaga's birthday. |
์ ๋ง ๋๋จํ์ง ์๋์? | Don't they sound incredible? |
ํ์ง๋ง ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์๊ฐํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. | But most people don't agree. |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ฌ์ค, ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ ์ ์ด ์ฌํ์ ๊ธฐ์ค์ "์ ์"์ ๋ค์ด๋ง์ง ์์์, ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ข
์ข
๋ฌด์๋นํ๊ณ ์คํด๋ฐ์ต๋๋ค. | And in fact, because their minds don't fit into society's version of normal, they're often bypassed and misunderstood. |
ํ์ง๋ง ์ ์ ๋ง์์ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์ด ๋์ด ์ค ๊ฒ์ ๋น๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ค์ด ์์๋๋ผ๋, ๋น๋ก ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์ ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ง์ง ์๋๋ผ๋, ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด ํ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฌ์ค์ ์๋ฏธํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์
๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ ํน๋ณํ๋ค๋ ์ ์ด์ฃ -- ์ํ์ฑ์๊ณผ ๋์์ ํน๋ณํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | But what lifted my heart and strengthened my soul was that even though this was the case, although they were not seen as ordinary, this could only mean one thing: that they were extraordinary -- autistic and extraordinary. |
์, ์ด์ "์ํ์ฆ"์ด๋ ๋ง์ด ์น์ํ์ง ์์ ๋ถ๋ค์ ์ํด ์ค๋ช
๋๋ฆฌ์๋ฉด ์ํ์ฆ์ ์ฌํ์ ์ํต, ํ์ต, ๊ฐ๋์ ์ ์ฒด์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์๊น์ง ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๋ณต์กํ ๋ ์งํ์
๋๋ค. | Now, for you who may be less familiar with the term "autism," it's a complex brain disorder that affects social communication, learning and sometimes physical skills. |
๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฑํฅ์ ๋ณด์ด๋๋ฐ, ๋ ๋ฏธ์ ์์ด ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ๋ ๊ทธ ๋๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . | It manifests in each individual differently, hence why Remi is so different from Sam. |
์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก 20๋ถ์ ํ ๋ช
์ฉ ์ํ์ฆ์ผ๋ก ์ง๋จ๋ฐ๋๋ฐ, ์ํ์ฆ์ด ์ธ๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ๋์ด๋๋ ๋ฐ๋ฌ ์ฅ์ ์ค์ ํ๋์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๊ทธ ์์ธ์ด๋ ์น๋ฃ๋ฒ์ ์๋ ค์ ธ ์์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. | And across the world, every 20 minutes, one new person is diagnosed with autism, and although it's one of the fastest-growing developmental disorders in the world, there is no known cause or cure. |
์ ๊ฐ ์ฒ์ ์ํ์ฆ์ ๋ง์ฃผํ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ธ์ ์๋์ง๋ ๊ธฐ์ต ๋ชป ํ์ง๋ง ์ํ์ฆ์ ๋ง์ฃผํ์ง ์์๋ ๋ ๋ค์ด ์์๋์ง๋ ๊ธฐ์ตํ์ง ๋ชป ํฉ๋๋ค. | And I cannot remember the first moment I encountered autism, but I cannot recall a day without it. |
์ ๋จ๋์์ด ํ์ด๋ฌ์ ๋ ์ ๋ ๊ฒจ์ฐ 3์ด์ด์์ต๋๋ค. ์ ์ถ์ ์๋ก์ด ์กด์ฌ๊ฐ ์๊ฒผ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ ๋ ์์์ฃ . | I was just three years old when my brother came along, and I was so excited that I had a new being in my life. |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ช ๋ฌ์ด ์ง๋์, ์ ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฐ ๋จ๋ค๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊นจ๋ฌ์์ต๋๋ค. | And after a few months went by, I realized that he was different. |
๊ทธ๋ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์์ฒญ ์ง๋ ์ต๋๋ค. | He screamed a lot. |
๋ค๋ฅธ ์๊ธฐ๋ค์ด ๋
ธ๋ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ๋๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ์ง ์์๊ณ ์ฌ์ค, ๊ทธ๋ ์ ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ค ๊ฒ๋ค์๋ ํฌ๊ฒ ๊ด์ฌ์ ๋ณด์ด์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค. | He didn't want to play like the other babies did, and in fact, he didn't seem very interested in me whatsoever. |
๋ ๋ฏธ๋ ์ค์ค๋ก ๊ท์น์ ์ ํ ์์ ๋ง์ ์ธ์์ ์ง๋ฐฐํ๋ฉฐ ์ด์๊ณ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ฌ์ํ ๊ฒ๋ค์์ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ฐพ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฐฉ ์ฃผ์์ ์๋์ฐจ๋ค์ ์ค์ง์ด ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ์ํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ซ์ด์ง๊ฒ ์ณ๋ค๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ์์ ์กํ๋ ๋๋ก ๋จน์ด๋ณด๋ ์ผ๋ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ . | Remi lived and reigned in his own world, with his own rules, and he found pleasure in the smallest things, like lining up cars around the room and staring at the washing machine and eating anything that came in between. |
๊ทธ๊ฐ ์๋ผ๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ก๊ณ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋ค์ ๋์ฑ ๋ ๋๋๋ฌ์ง๊ธฐ ์์ํ์ต๋๋ค. | And as he grew older, he grew more different, and the differences became more obvious. |
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ทธ์ ๋ถ๋
ธ์ ์ข์ ๊ณผ ๋์์๋ ๊ณผ์ ํ๋๋ค์ ๋๋จธ์๋ ๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ ๋งค์ฐ ๋
ํนํ ๊ฒ์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค : ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊นจ๋ํ๊ณ ์์ํ ์ฑํ, ํธ๊ฒฌ์์ด ์ธ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ณด๋ ์๋
, ํ ๋ฒ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ง๋ง์ ํด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ด์์ต๋๋ค. | Yet beyond the tantrums and the frustration and the never-ending hyperactivity was something really unique: a pure and innocent nature, a boy who saw the world without prejudice, a human who had never lied. |
ํน๋ณํ์ฃ . | Extraordinary. |
์ด์ , ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ์๊ฒ ํ๋ ์๊ฐ๋ค์ด ์์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ถ์ ํ ์๋ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์ ์ ๋๊ฐ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ข๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฐ๋ ์ ๋ ์์์ต๋๋ค. | Now, I cannot deny that there have been some challenging moments in my family, moments where I've wished that they were just like me. |
ํ์ง๋ง ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๊พธ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฒ์, ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ฅด์ณ ์ค ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ฐ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ํต๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ ๋๋ฌธ์ด์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ๋๊ทธ๋ฐ ๊ฒ๋ค๊ณผ ์ ์์ ์ํ๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ง๋ฐ๊พธ๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ์ง ์๋๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค๋ ๊นจ๋ฌ์์ต๋๋ค. | But I cast my mind back to the things that they've taught me about individuality and communication and love, and I realize that these are things that I wouldn't want to change with normality. |
"์ ์"์ด ๊ฐ๊ณผํ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์, ์๋ก ๊ฐ์ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ ์๋ฆ๋ค์๊ณผ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ผญ ํ ๋ช
์ด ํ๋ ธ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋๋ผ๋ ์ฌ์ค์
๋๋ค. | Normality overlooks the beauty that differences give us, and the fact that we are different doesn't mean that one of us is wrong. |
๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ข
๋ฅ์ ์ณ์์ด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ฏธํฉ๋๋ค. | It just means that there's a different kind of right. |
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ง์ผ ์ ๊ฐ ๋ ๋ฏธ์๊ฒ ๋จ ํ๋ง๋๋ง ๋งํ ์ ์๋ค๋ฉด, ๋ ์์๊ฒ, ๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ๋ค๊ป, ๊ทธ๋ด ์ ์๋ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ก ์ ์์ผ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. | And if I could communicate just one thing to Remi and to Sam and to you, it would be that you don't have to be normal. |
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ๋ ํน๋ณํด์ง ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. | You can be extraordinary. |
์๋ํ๋ฉด ์ํ์ฆ์ด ์๋ ์๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๊ณ ์๋ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋ค -- ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฌ๋ฅ์ ๊ฐ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค! ๋๊ตฌ๋ ๋ด์ฌ๋ ์ฌ๋ฅ์ด ์์ด์. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์งํ ๋ง์๋๋ฆฌ์๋ฉด, ์ ์์ ์ถ๊ตฌํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์๋ ์ ์ฌ๋ ฅ์ ํฌ์์ํค๊ฒ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. | Because autistic or not, the differences that we have -- We've got a gift! Everyone's got a gift inside of us, and in all honesty, the pursuit of normality is the ultimate sacrifice of potential. |