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4040782

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Adolfo%20de%20Varnhagen%2C%20Viscount%20of%20Porto%20Seguro

Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, Viscount of Porto Seguro

Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, Viscount of Porto Seguro (February 17, 1816 – June 26, 1878), was a Brazilian diplomat and historian. He is the patron of the 39th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He is considered "the father of modern Brazilian historical scholarship." Life Varnhagen was born in 1816, in the city of Iperó, Brazil. He was the son of Maria Flávia de Sá Magalhães and Friedrich Ludwig Wilhelm Varnhagen, a German-born military engineer, who was in service to the Portuguese crown and in Brazil to inspect iron foundries. He received his primary education in Rio de Janeiro. At an early age, he went with his family to Lisbon, where he studied at the Real Colégio Militar da Luz. In the civil war in Portugal, he served those supporting Dom Pedro I. He returned to his studies, where he learned paleography and studied political economy and languages (French, German, English). His first History work would be Notícia do Brasil, written between 1835 and 1838. His research would lead him to find Pedro Álvares Cabral's long-lost grave at the Igreja da Graça, in Santarém. He was admitted at the Sciences Academy of Lisbon and graduated in military engineering at the Academia Real de Fortificação, Artilharia e Desenho. He returned to Brazil in 1840, entering at the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute in 1841. In 1844 he obtained Brazilian citizenship, and could apply to a diplomatic career. He served in Portugal and Spain, where he was able to utilize the archives in Seville and Simancas for his history of Brazil. He later served in Paraguay, where he found the current regime of Carlos Antonio López odious, but he gathered further materials for his history of Brazil, particularly on the Tupí Indians. He also served in Venezuela, the Republic of New Granada (modern Colombia), Ecuador, Chile (where he met his wife, an aristocratic Chilean lady Doña Carmen Ovalle y Vicuña, marrying her in 1864), Peru and the Netherlands. He published the first volume of his masterpiece, História Geral do Brasil, in 1854. Its second volume was published in 1857. In 1872, Emperor Pedro II would give him the title of Baron of Porto Seguro, being elevated to Viscount two years later. His final diplomatic service was in Vienna, Austria, where he was serving as a minister when he died in 1878. His remains were transported to Santiago, Chile, but would be years later removed to a monument erected in honor of him at the city of Sorocaba. Part of his library was acquired by bibliophile José Mindlin. Works Varnhagen's work was recognized at the time as a major contribution to historical writing on Brazil, with Alexander von Humboldt, the great Prussia scientist and intellectual, saying that "I will be glad to have [Varnhagen's history of Brazil] in its entirety and to see it reposing in our library." Varnhagen participated in political debate about the importance of Brazil's Indians in the formation of Brazil. He rejected the Indianist school that saw Brazil's Indians as "noble savages" and "a basis for brasilidade (Brazilianness)., In volume two of his História Geral do Brazil, Varnhagen added an appendix that dealt with this issue. "The Indians were not masters of Brazil nor is the name Brazilian applicable to them as savages. Nor could they be civilized without the presence of force, which was not abused as much as stated. and finally they can in no way be taken as our guides in the present or past in sentiments of patriotism or in the representation of nationality." In general, Varnhagen was pro-monarchy, since it gave Brazil a strong central government and took the part of Portuguese colonists in debates about the colonial era. He had a mixed assessment of the Jesuits in Brazil, whom he did credit for contributions. For the thirty-year Dutch occupation of Brazil's northeast, he viewed the episode as lamentable on one hand, but beneficial to Brazil on the other, viewing the Dutch as "a nation more active and industrious" than Brazil at the time. Notícia do Brasil (1839). Full title, Reflexões críticas sobre o escripto do século XVI impresso com o título de Noticia do Brasil no Tomo 3 da Collecção de Not. Ultr. Acompanhadas de interssantes notícias bibliográficas e importantes investigações históricas por francisco aldolfo de Varnhagen..... (Lisbon 1839) Épicos Brasileiros (1843) Amador Bueno (1847) Trovas e Cantares de um Códice do Século XVI (1849) Florilégio da Poesia Brasileira (1850) História Geral do Brasil (1854–1857) Sumé (1855) References External links Varnhagen's biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters Stuart B. Schwartz, Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen: Diplomat, Patriot, Historian, The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 47, No. 2 (May 1967), pp. 185–202 (at JSTOR) 1816 births 1878 deaths People from Sorocaba Brazilian diplomats Brazilian nobility Brazilian monarchists 19th-century Brazilian historians Brazilian people of German descent Patrons of the Brazilian Academy of Letters Latin Americanists

4040783

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor%20limit

Floor limit

A floor limit is the amount of money above which debit card or credit card transactions must be authorized online by their Issuing banks. The limit can vary from store to store. Floor limits have become less significant as credit cards & most of the debit cards started being processed electronically and all transactions are typically authorized online by sending the Authorization request to their Issuing banks. History The term floor limit comes from the days when it was the maximum amount which could be approved on the floor (of the retailer), beyond which the cash register operator would have to call for approval. Floor limits were of more significance when most credit card merchants processed transactions by taking a physical imprint of the card rather than electronically swiping the magnetic strip, and obtaining an authorization required time-consuming human intervention. With modern card readers, most merchants and banks will obtain an authorization even on very small charges, as it costs little to do so and helps protect against fraud. However, the concept of a floor limit may still come into play in certain cases. A few merchants still use the older system of taking a physical imprint of the card. Additionally, if the merchant or merchant's bank has trouble contacting the customer's bank due to computer network issues, transactions under a certain floor limit will still be approved electronically immediately. Floor limits do not apply to certain types of debit card (such as Visa Electron and Solo), as these cards require authorization for every transaction to prevent the cardholder becoming overdrawn. In India, majority of the Automated Teller Machines (ATM) have been configured with Zero Floor Limit value, as a result of which all financial request transactions initiated from the ATM will be sent online to their issuing banks for the approval. Example If a store has a floor limit of $30.00, a purchase costing $29.99 (or less) would not need to be authorized by the customer's bank through Online transaction at that very moment. However, a transaction of $30.00 (or more) would require Online authorization at that very moment to confirm that the customer has the necessary funds available in their bank account. Problems A floor limit may cause an account to become overdrawn, even where the account holder does not have an authorized overdraft. In the EU the Payments Accounts Directive (S.I. No. 482/2016) provides for a basic bank account which is prohibited from having an agreed overdraft facility, however floor limits may force the account into an overdrawn position. References Retail financial services

4040791

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional%20NTFS

Transactional NTFS

Transactional NTFS (abbreviated TxF) is a component introduced in Windows Vista and present in later versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system that brings the concept of atomic transactions to the NTFS file system, allowing Windows application developers to write file-output routines that are guaranteed to either succeed completely or to fail completely. Major operating system components, including System Restore, Task Scheduler, and Windows Update, rely on TxF for stability. During the development of Windows Vista, WinFS also relied on TxF for storing files. Due to its complexity and various nuances which developers need to consider as part of application development, Microsoft has deprecated TxF and stated that it may be removed in a future version of Windows. Microsoft has strongly recommended that developers investigate using the alternatives rather than adopting the Transactional NTFS API platform which may not be available in future versions of Windows. Overview Transactional NTFS allows for files and directories to be created, modified, renamed, and deleted atomically. Using transactions ensures correctness of operation; in a series of file operations (done as a transaction), the operation will be committed if all the operations succeed. In case of any failure, the entire operation will roll back and fail. Transactional NTFS is implemented on top of the Kernel Transaction Manager, which is a Windows kernel component introduced in Windows Vista that provides transactioning of objects in the kernel. The NTFS file system already supports journaling of low-level operations, such as writing a block of data. Transactional NTFS expands on this capability to include: Atomic operations on a single file: A common example of this is saving a file from an application; if the application or machine were to crash while writing the file, then only part of the file could be written, possibly resulting in a corrupted file. This would be a very significant problem if a previous version of the file was being over-written, as data would likely be lost. Atomic operations spanning multiple files: If an application needs to update several files at once with a set of changes, all the necessary file operations can be performed as a single transaction, preventing inconsistent updates in the event of a failure. Atomic operations spanning multiple computers: Performing the same operation on multiple computers is a fairly common administrative task in a corporate network; Transactional NTFS integrates with the Distributed Transaction Coordinator to ensure that the change is successfully applied to all machines. With the exception of read operations, using Transactional NTFS for transactions on Encrypting File System files is not supported in Windows Vista until Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2008. See also ACID Features new to Windows Vista Technical features new to Windows Vista References External links Because We Can, a Microsoft developer blog that discusses TxF both conceptually and in code Kernel Transaction Manager documentation on the Microsoft Developer Network. Transaction processing Windows components Windows Vista Microsoft application programming interfaces

4040795

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts%20Council%20for%20Monterey%20County

Arts Council for Monterey County

Arts Council for Monterey County, formerly known as The Cultural Council for Monterey County (CCMC), is the official arts agency for Monterey County, California. Arts4MC, a non-for-profit organization promotes and supports arts education, appreciation and excellence in the arts throughout Monterey County. Formed in 1982, the nonprofit agency also serves as Monterey County's officially designated local partner to the California Arts Council. In 1985, the County of Monterey first contracted with the council to provide cultural services to improve the economic health of the region — with funding from the county's Tourism Occupancy Tax. James Alinder, Ilene Tuttle, George De Groat, Todd Lueders, George Faul, and Helen Kingsley, along with the support of Ansel Adams, created the Council in 1982 as part of a nationwide movement powered by the National Endowment for the Arts, “to develop and assist art and cultural programs, and to promote the employment of artists within the county.” Monterey Monterey County, California

4040797

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury%20High%20School%2C%20Shropshire

Shrewsbury High School, Shropshire

Shrewsbury High School is an independent day school for girls from ages 4 - 18 Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. It is an original member school of the Girls' Day School Trust. History Shrewsbury High School opened as a day school for girls in 1885. In 1893 the rising star Ethel Gavin took over as head. The school had outgrown its site and it moved to its present location on the banks of the River Severn in central Shrewsbury in 1895. Gavin moved on to another headship in 1897. The junior department transferred to Kennedy Road in 1959. In 2008 a new prep school was formed by the merger of the existing junior department with Kingsland Grange, a boys’ prep school. The Junior Department has now moved to the historic Town Walls campus as an all-through all-girls school from 4-18. The Senior Department is located on Town Walls, by the banks of the River Severn. Houses Shrewsbury High School Senior Department has four houses, each named after an ancient male Roman deity. Apollo Yellow Neptune Blue Mercury Red Jupiter Green Following its success in the senior school, the House system was introduced to the junior school in September 2005 when Mrs Edwards joined Shrewsbury High School Junior Department as its Head. The Junior Department also has four houses, named after hills in Shropshire. Wenlock Long Mynd Stretton Haughmond There are many house competitions that take place each term such as sports day, house drama and house charity events. Siblings are usually put into the same house. There are House Captains, Deputy House Captains and House Prefects of each of the four houses and also a Head Girl and a Deputy Head Girl. In the senior school these roles are taken by Sixth Formers. Notable former pupils Lois Baxter, actress Mary Beard, classicist Alice Bunn, Director of UK Space Agency Hilda Murrell, naturalist Notes and references External links School Website Profile on MyDaughter ISI Inspection Report Girls' schools in Shropshire Schools in Shrewsbury Schools of the Girls' Day School Trust Member schools of the Girls' Schools Association Independent schools in Shropshire Educational institutions established in 1885 1885 establishments in England

4040810

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clindamycin/benzoyl%20peroxide

Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide

Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide is a topical gel used for the treatment of acne. It is a combination of clindamycin, an antibiotic, and benzoyl peroxide, an antiseptic. Common side effects include peeling, itching, and dryness of the skin where the gel was applied. Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2000. It is available as a generic medication. Medical uses The gel is used on the skin to treat light to medium acne vulgaris in people 12 years and older. Efficacy There is an average 52% decrease in inflammatory acne lesions by week 12. The combination is less effective than benzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid after short-term treatment of two to four weeks, but the two treatments showed similar effectiveness after ten to twelve weeks. Pregnancy and lactation Studies on whether or not the use of clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide gels is teratogenic or has adverse effects on nursing infants have not been performed. While oral clindamycin passes into breast milk, no such data are available for clindamyin in gel form. Limited data regarding topical clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide have shown no safety problems. Contraindications The gel is not recommended for those who are allergic to clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide, any components of the formulation, or lincomycin. Individuals previously diagnosed with regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis, or antibiotic-associated colitis are also recommended not to use it. Side effects Common side effects are peeling, itching, redness, dryness, burning, and dermatitis. Benzoyl peroxide bleaches hair, clothes, towels, bedclothing, and the like. Prolonged exposure to natural or artificial sun light (UV rays) is not recommended because the gel may cause photosensitivity. Irritation due to benzoyl peroxide can be reduced by avoiding harsh facial cleansers and wearing sunscreen prior to sun exposure. Clinical studies have shown systemic absorption of clindamycin through topical application, in some cases leading to diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and colitis. Reports of anaphylaxis were also seen. However, the sources of these reports were personal accounts without controls and of an unknown population, thus it is difficult to attribute their cause to the clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide gel. Interactions No formal interaction studies have been done. Combination with topical products containing alcohol or astringents, as well as skin peelings, may increase the irritant effect of clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide. Topical erythromycin may antagonise the effect of clindamycin, although this has only be demonstrated in in vitro studies. Topical tretinoin and other retinoids may be inactivated by benzoyl peroxide or increase its irritant effect. Pharmacology Mechanism of action Clindamycin phosphate is a water-soluble ester of the semi-synthetic antibiotic clindamycin, which is synthesized from lincomycin. Like the macrolide antibiotics, it acts as a bacteriostatic agent by interfering with the 50S subunit of the ribosome of Cutibacterium acnes, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and preventing bacteria from replicating. C. acnes plays a role in the development of acne. Benzoyl peroxide also kills C. acnes, but by releasing free radical oxygen species, thus oxidizing bacterial proteins. Also, it dries out the area by reducing sebum production, prevents clogged pores, and is a keratolytic agent. Since benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, not an antibiotic, it is not subject to C. acnes resistance unlike clindamycin. Both ingredients have been shown to reduce the number of acne lesions with statistical significance. Pharmacokinetics Clindamycin phosphate is an inactive prodrug. It is quickly activated to clindamycin by hydrolysis. After four weeks of application during a study, 0.043% of the used clindamycin dose were found in the blood. Benzoyl peroxide is only absorbed through the skin after reduction to benzoic acid, which is subsequently metabolized to hippuric acid and eliminated via the kidneys. Society and culture Brand names The combination is sold under various brand names including Acanya, Benzaclin, Duac, and Onexton. Patent Dow Pharmaceuticals filed the patent for Onexton, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued the patent on 16 October 2012. On 24 November 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the new drug application (NDA) No. 050819 for Onexton, with Dow Pharmaceutical as the holder. The patent is set to expire on 5 August 2029. Lawsuits On 12 January 2016, Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences and Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC filed a lawsuit against Taro USA and Taro Industries, an Israel-based corporation. The lawsuit was filed for infringement upon their Onexton patent, by Taro attempting to submit an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its generic 3.75% benzoyl peroxide and 1.2% clindamycin phosphate topical gel. The court concluded that Taro was guilty of attempting to submit an ANDA patent request before the Onexton patent expired. Perrigo settled its patent litigation with Valeant and Dow. References External links Skin care Anti-acne preparations Combination drugs GSK plc brands

4040841

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights%20Templar%20%28Freemasonry%29

Knights Templar (Freemasonry)

The Knights Templar, full name The United Religious, Military and Masonic Orders of the Temple and of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta, is a fraternal order affiliated with Freemasonry. Unlike the initial degrees conferred in a regular Masonic Lodge, which (in most Regular Masonic jurisdictions) only require a belief in a Supreme Being regardless of religious affiliation, the Knights Templar is one of several additional Masonic Orders in which membership is open only to Freemasons who profess a belief in Christianity. One of the obligations entrants to the order are required to declare is to protect and defend the Christian faith. The word "United" in its full title indicates that more than one historical tradition and more than one actual order are jointly controlled within this system. The individual orders 'united' within this system are principally the Knights of the Temple (Knights Templar), the Knights of Malta, the Knights of St Paul, and only within the York Rite, the Knights of the Red Cross. Like the Masonic Red Cross of Constantine being inspired by the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George and the Order of Malta being inspired by the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Masonic order of Knights Templar derives its name from the medieval Catholic military order Knights Templar. However, it does not claim any direct lineal descent from the original Templar order. History Knightly symbolism in Freemasonry The earliest documented link between Freemasonry and the Crusades is the 1737 oration of the Chevalier Ramsay. This claimed that European Freemasonry came about from an interaction between crusader masons and the Knights Hospitaller. This is repeated in the earliest known "Moderns" ritual, the Berne manuscript, written in French between 1740 and 1744. Ramsay was initiated as a Templar by his mentor François Fénelon into the non-Masonic French Ordre du Temple with his friend Philippe II, Duke of Orleans as Grandmaster around 1710. After the death of Fenelon and the Duke of Orleans, Ramsay was initiated into Freemasonry around 1730. Since Ramsay's Templarism predated his relationship with Freemasonry by some 20 years, this is the likely source for the introduction of Templarism into Freemasonry. In 1751 Baron Karl Gotthelf von Hund und Altengrotkau began the Order of Strict Observance, which ritual he claimed to have received from the reconstituted Templar Order in 1743 in Paris. He also claimed to have met two of the "unknown superiors" who directed all of masonry, one of whom was Prince Charles Edward Stuart. The order went into decline when he failed to produce any evidence to support his claims, and was wound up shortly after his death. In 1779 the High Knights Templar of Ireland Lodge, Kilwinning, obtained a charter from Lodge Mother Kilwinning in Scotland. This lodge now began to grant dispensations to other lodges to confer the Knights Templar Degree. Some time around 1790 the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland was formed, which began to warrant Templar Lodges, and evolved into the Supreme Grand Encampment in 1836. The Early Grand Encampment chartered several Scottish "encampments" one of which, having been chartered in 1805 as the "Edinburgh Encampment No. 31", then became the"Grand Assembly of Knights Templar in Edinburgh". who then sought a charter from the Duke of Kent, Grand Master of the Order in England. It seems that the Templar degree had filtered into the lodges of the Antients from Ireland about 1780, and was recorded at York about the same time. In the five degree system developed by the York Masons, the Knights Templar degree sat between the Master Mason and the Sublime Degree of Royal Arch. Grand Conclave of England Templar masonry in England entered a new era in 1791, with the formation of its first Grand Conclave, with Thomas Dunckerley as Grand Master. At that time, there were eight known Templar encampments in England, the most senior being the Encampment of Redemption at York, and the Baldwyn encampment at Bristol, at whose request Dunckerley began his mission. Under his leadership, the number of encampments steadily grew until his death in 1795. Stasis then followed, until in 1805 their Royal Patron, Duke of Kent, became Grand Master himself, re-energising the society and launching it into an era of growth and development. Dunckerley laid the foundation for this not only by promoting the order, but by standardising the ritual and insisting on proper record keeping. The Grand Conclave went into a period of decline between 1872 and 1895, when it was re-founded as the present day Great Priory of England and Wales. Administration Depending upon the geographical jurisdiction, the Knights Templar exist either as part of the York Rite or as an independent organization. Though the York Rite and the independent versions share many similarities there are key differences which are described below. Outside the York Rite, membership is by invitation only. Candidates are required to be Master Masons, and Royal Arch Masons, and to sign a declaration that they profess the Doctrine of the Holy and Undivided Trinity. In some Australian States, the requirement of being a Royal Arch Mason no longer applies. Local bodies of Knights Templar are known as Preceptories; local bodies of Knights of St Paul are known as Chapters; local bodies of Knights of Malta are known as Priories; all operate under a Grand or Great Priory, often with an intermediate level of Provincial Priories. Although some jurisdictions maintain a separate Great Priory of the Temple and Great Priory of Malta (as, for example, in England), the Grand Master and other officers of both Great Priories hold simultaneous equal office in both bodies. Three degrees are administered in this system: The Degree of Knight Templar (Order of the Temple) The Degree of Knight of St. Paul (incorporating the Mediterranean Pass) The Degree of Knight of Malta (Order of Malta) In England and Wales, the "Great Priory of England and Wales" for the Masonic Knights Templar is administrated from Mark Masons' Hall, London. The Degrees or Orders The Illustrious Order of the Red Cross (Order of the Red Cross) Teachings The Order of the Red Cross continues or reverts to the period of the Royal Arch Degree when the Israelites were returning from Babylon to Jerusalem to rebuild the Temple. Zerubbabel, their leader prevails upon King Darius to restore the Holy Vessels to the new Temple. They had been carried away by the Babylonian armies when the first Temple was destroyed. In presenting his plea before the King, the companion gives a powerful testimony to the almighty force of Truth. The ritual places the candidate in the role of Zerubbabel and follows him through his journey to King Darius in Persia and his role in the Immemorial Discussion, as found in the apocryphal book, 1 Esdras. The purpose is to bridge the gap between Royal Arch Masonry and the Chivalric Orders as well as between the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Illustrious Order of the Red Cross teaches the lessons of the triumph of truth. The Degree of Knight of St Paul (or Mediterranean Pass) This degree is conferred as a prerequisite to becoming a Knight of Malta, in both the York Rite and independent 'stand-alone' versions of Knight Templar Freemasonry. The "Preliminary Declarations" of the Order of Malta ritual in England state of a candidate for the Order of Malta: "He must also have received the Degree of Knight of St Paul, including the Mediterranean Pass". The exact status of the 'Mediterranean Pass' has at times led to confusion as to whether this is the 'stub' of a separate degree. The English ritual book clarified this in its 1989 edition (and subsequent editions) by stating: "The Mediterranean Pass is one of the secrets of the Degree of Knight of St Paul". This degree is close to being a true 'side degree', in that a small group (usually three) of members of the degree take the candidate "to one side" (i.e. apart on his own) and simply communicate the secrets of the degree to him, without actually working the ceremonial ritual of the degree. The only respect in which the degree fails to meet the definition of a true 'side degree' is that a Chapter of the Order would be formally opened and closed by the presiding officer, on either side of the secrets being communicated. The Degree of Knight of Malta (Order of Malta) This degree is universally associated with the Masonic Knights Templar. In the York Rite system it is conferred before the Templar Degree; in the 'stand-alone' tradition it is conferred subsequently to the Templar Degree. It is known by varying degrees of formality as the Order of Malta, or the Order of Knights of Malta, or the Ancient and Masonic Order of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes, and Malta. In practice this last and fullest version of the name tends to be reserved to letterheads, rituals, and formal documents. The ceremony for conferring the degree (which is always worked in full) contains a mixture of masonic tradition, historical accounts of the Order of St John, moral teaching, and the communication of modes of recognition between members. A series of banners is employed in the ceremony, each representing one of the great battles of the historic medieval Order of St John, whose story is the basis of the moral teachings of the degree. The Degree of Knight of the Temple (Order of the Temple) The original medieval Order of Knights Templar was established after the First Crusade, and existed from approximately 1118 to 1312. There is no known historical evidence to link the medieval Knights Templar and Masonic Templarism, nor do the Masonic Knights Templar organizations claim any such direct link to the original medieval Templar organization. Though it has been said that its affiliation with Masonry is based on texts that indicate persecuted Templars found refuge within the safety of Freemasonry, the order itself states that "there is no proof of direct connection between the ancient order and the modern order known today as the Knights Templar." The official motto of the Knights Templar is In Hoc Signo Vinces, the rendition in Latin of the Greek phrase "εν τούτῳ νίκα", en toutōi nika, meaning "in this [sign] you will conquer". The Knight Templar degree is associated with elaborate regalia (costume) the precise detail of which varies between nations. The ritual draws upon the traditions of medieval Knights Templar, using them to impart moral instruction consistent with the biblical teachings of the Christian tradition. Organization In England and Wales, the teachings of the Order of the Red Cross feature in the Red Cross of Babylon which forms part of the Allied Masonic Degrees. The Order of the Red Cross is often considered a compressed version of the Red Cross Degrees or Green Degrees which make up the Order of Knight Masons. The Order of the Red Cross should not be confused with the Red Cross of Constantine. Other Rites Degrees of the York Rite in the United States In the United States, a Knights Templar commandery is traditionally the final body that a member joins in the York Rite after the chapter of Royal Arch Masons and a council of Royal & Select Masters. Some jurisdictions, however, allow members to skip over membership in a council. A local Knights Templar commandery operates under a state-level Grand Commandery, however American commanderies also operate under The Grand Encampment of the United States. This is less common among American Masonic bodies, as many report to the state level alone. While a chapter bestows the Royal Arch degrees, and a council bestows the Cryptic degrees, a Knights Templar commandery bestows three orders and one preparatory degree onto its members. This is opposed to the standard degree system found elsewhere in Freemasonry, and they are the only ones not to deal with the Hiramic Legend. The York Rite orders are: The Illustrious Order of the Red Cross The Degree of Saint Paul (or the Mediterranean Pass) The Order of the Knights of Malta (or simply Order of Malta) The Order of the Temple Templar degrees in the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite History and legend concerning the historical Knights Templar also play an important role in the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, notably in the Rite's 30th Degree, Knight Kadosh. Other Scottish Rite degrees sometimes styled "Templar Degrees" include the 28th Degree (Knight Commander of the Temple, formerly denominated the 27th Degree in the Southern Jurisdiction of United States), the 29th Degree (Scottish Knight of Saint Andrew), the 32nd Degree (Master of the Royal Secret), and the 33rd Degree (Inspector General). Templar themes in wider Freemasonry Despite Freemasonry's general disclaimer that no one Masonic organization claims a direct heritage to the medieval Knights Templar, certain degrees and orders are obviously patterned after the medieval Order. These are best described as "commemorative orders" or degrees. Nevertheless, in spite of the fraternity's official disclaimers, some Masons, non-Masons and even anti-Masons insist that certain Masonic rites or degrees originally had direct Templar influence. American Masonic youth organizations such as the Order of DeMolay for young men are named after the last Grand Master Templar Jacques de Molay who was executed in the final suppression of the Templar order in the early 14th century. The Knight of Rose-Croix Degree in the "Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite", and honorary Orders like the Royal Order of Scotland are interpreted as evidence of a historical Templar-Masonic connection, though there is no factual basis for this belief. Rosslyn Chapel near Edinburgh has been suggested to be strong link between the Knights Templar and Freemasons due to reliefs combining Templar and Freemason symbolism. Historian Dr. Louise Yeoman, along with other mediaeval scholars, says the Knights Templar connection is false, and points out that Rosslyn Chapel was built by William Sinclair so that Mass could be said for the souls of his family. In addition, Rosslyn Chapel's connection to Freemasonry, as well as to the Templars, has been vigorously disputed by Robert L. D. Cooper, the Curator of the Grand Lodge of Scotland Museum and Library. It is postulated that any existing Masonic imagery was likely added at a later date, probably in the 1860s when James St Clair-Erskine, 3rd Earl of Rosslyn instructed Edinburgh architect David Bryce, a known Freemason, to undertake restoration work on areas of the church including many of the carvings. Legends in certain degrees recount that Knights under the command of Sir John De Bermingham, first and last Earl of Louth, aided Scottish King Robert the Bruce, who had been excommunicated, at the Battle of Bannockburn; but this account is based on an 18th-century romance and is not supported by any evidence. This story is the basis for the degrees in the Royal Order of Scotland, an invitational Masonic honorary organization. Templar connections have also been suggested through the Earls of Rosslyn (St. Clair, or Sinclair) a family with well documented connections with Scottish Freemasonry, one being a Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. Many other old and new organizations are called "Knights Templar". However, organizations like the Order of the Solar Temple, Militi Templi Scotia, Ordo Templi Orientis, or the Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem (OSMTJ), are in no way related to Masonic Knights Templar, and share little or no relationship with it in history, hierarchy, or ritual. See also Red Cross of Constantine York Rite Freemasonry Original chivalric orders Knights Templar Sovereign Military Order of Malta References Bibliography The History Channel, Decoding the Past: The Templar Code, 2005, video documentary The History Channel, Mysteries of the Freemasons, 2006 video documentary Stephen Dafoe, The Compasses and the Cross, 2008. Christopher L. Hodapp and Alice Von Kannon, The Templar Code For Dummies, 2007. Sean Martin, The Knights Templar: History & Myths, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7050713.stm External links Masonic Knights Templar organizations Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America Sovereign Great Priory of the Knights Templar of Canada Order of the Temple - Great Priory of Scotland Order of the Temple - Great Priory of Ireland Knights Templar Eye Foundation The Web of Hiram Section on The Royal Exalted Religious and Military Order of Masonic Knights Templar of England and Wales at Bradford University Masonic organizations

4040852

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hope%20Blister

The Hope Blister

The Hope Blister were an ambient band that were active from 1997 to 1999. History The band was directed by 4AD Records founder Ivo Watts-Russell, with the music played by singer Louise Rutkowski, bass player Laurence O'Keefe and string arranger Audrey Riley. The band grew out of the This Mortal Coil project, but with a fixed line-up and focused on cover versions. They released two albums, ...Smile's OK in 1998 and Underarms (featuring vocals by Momus) in 1999, with the band splitting that year following Watts-Russell's retirement from the music industry. An expanded version of Underarms was released in 2005 as Underarms and Sideways, featuring a bonus disc of remixes. Discography ...Smile's OK (25 May 1998) Underarms (15 March 1999) Underarms and Sideways (12 December 2005) References External links The Hope Blister on 4AD website English pop music groups British ambient music groups British musical trios Dream pop musical groups Ethereal wave musical groups 4AD artists

4040855

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innominate

Innominate

Innominate (from "nameless") may refer to: The brachiocephalic artery The brachiocephalic veins The three large bones which form the hip bone An innominate contract, Latin contractus innominatus; in Roman law, a contract that does not fall within any of the regular types of contract An innominate or anonymous jury, where the identity of the jury members is not publicly known Innominate (album), by Off Minor, 2004 The Innominate, a mountain in the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, US Innominata, from the same root, is used in: Substantia innominata, a part of the brain Iris innominata, a flower

4040874

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%20Sentinel%20Maze

Stone Sentinel Maze

The Stone Sentinel Maze was an array of rocks and boulders thought to be conjured by Zhuge Liang based on the concept of the bagua. The formation was located on Yufu Shore (魚腹浦) by the Yangtze River near present-day Baidicheng, Chongqing, China, where supposed ruins of the array exist. In folklore, when the Yangtze River rises in summer, the formation is submerged, but in autumn, the array resurfaces, with the rocks and boulders still left intact in their original positions. Lu Xun's encounter The Stone Sentinel Maze was mentioned in Chapter 84 of the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong. Liu Bei was defeated by Lu Xun at the Battle of Xiaoting and fled towards Baidicheng with Lu Xun in hot pursuit. When Lu Xun arrived at Yufu Shore by the Yangtze River near Baidicheng, he felt a strong enemy presence and cautioned his troops of a possible ambush. He sent men to scout ahead, who reported that the area was deserted except for some scattered piles of rocks. Bewildered, Lu Xun asked a local, who told him that qi started emerging from the area after Zhuge Liang arranged the rocks there when he first entered Sichuan. Lu Xun personally inspected the area and believed that the "maze" was only a petty display of deception, so he led a few men inside. Just as he was about to leave, a strong gust of wind blew. Dust storms overshadowed the sky and the rocks seemed like swords, mountainous piles of dirt emerged while the river waves sounded like an attacking army. Lu Xun exclaimed, "I have fallen into Zhuge Liang's trap!", and attempted to escape from the maze but to no avail. Suddenly, Lu Xun saw an old man, who offered him assistance in exiting the labyrinth. Lu Xun followed him and got out of the maze unharmed. The old man identified himself as Huang Chengyan, Zhuge Liang's father-in-law. He explained to Lu Xun that the maze was constructed based on the ba gua concept. Huang Chengyan also told Lu Xun that Zhuge Liang had predicted that a Wu general would chance upon the maze when he first built it, and had asked him not to lead the general out when he fell into the trap. Lu Xun dismounted and thanked Huang Chengyan. When he returned to camp, he exclaimed that he was inferior to Zhuge Liang in terms of intelligence. He then made plans to return to Eastern Wu because he feared that their rival state Cao Wei might take advantage of the situation to attack Wu. Historicity No documentation of this event is found in Records of the Three Kingdoms, the authoritative historical text for the history of the Three Kingdoms period. It was mentioned in Lu Xun's biography that after Liu Bei retreated to Baidicheng, the Wu generals Xu Sheng, Pan Zhang, Song Qian and others felt that Liu Bei was within reach and they could capture him, so they kept making requests to Sun Quan to allow them to attack Baidicheng. Sun Quan asked Lu Xun for his opinion, and Lu Xun, along with Zhu Ran and Luo Tong, gave their response, "Cao Pi has thousands of troops. He pretends to agree to help us attack (Liu) Bei, but he has other motives. Please make the decision to return (to Wu) soon." Not long later, as Lu Xun expected, Cao Wei forces came to attack Eastern Wu from three directions, which would trigger a series of battles between Wei and Wu between 222 and 225. Zhang Xianzhong's encounter During the late Ming Dynasty, the rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong stumbled across the maze while he was fleeing from the imperial army in Chengdu. Through the guidance of an old man, Zhang Xianzhong led his troops into the maze and out. The pursuing imperial forces charged into the array. Suddenly, mist shrouded the area and the piles of dirt appeared to be hills and valleys. The imperial soldiers exhausted themselves over the night by attempting to escape but only at daybreak did they realize that they were actually charging at piles of dirt. Cultural references The maze had been a subject for many ancient Chinese poets, such as Du Fu and Lu Yu. The maze and site are the setting for The Small Stones of Tu Fu, a short story by Brian Aldiss published in 1978. In the classic occult novel Teito Monogatari by Hiroshi Aramata, the representation of Kimon Tonkou magic is based on the stone sentinel maze. The maze is featured in many video games based on the Three Kingdoms era. For example, it is an inseparable element in the Battle of Yi Ling in Koei's Dynasty Warriors series. The Portal Three Kingdoms expansion set of the Magic:The Gathering collectible card game includes a card named "Eightfold Maze". In the 2008 film Red Cliff, based on the Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei and Sun Quan deployed their troops in a formation based on the bagua. Cao Cao's vanguard army was lured into the formation and suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of the allied forces. In the popular mobile game Fate/Grand Order, the Eightfold Maze is referenced with Zhuge Liang's Noble Phantasm, ¨Unreturning Army • Stone Sentinel Maze¨. The maze is referenced in anime Ya Boy Kongming!. References Chen Shou. Records of the Three Kingdoms. Luo Guanzhong. Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Eastern Wu Shu Han Mazes Chinese folklore

4040880

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Glass%20Buys%20a%20Loaf%20of%20Bread

Philip Glass Buys a Loaf of Bread

Philip Glass Buys a Loaf of Bread is a one-act play by David Ives, published as part of his 1994 All In The Timing collection. Production history The play was first produced at the Manhattan Punch Line Theatre in New York City, January 1990. It was next performed as part of six short plays, collectively titled All in the Timing Off-Broadway at Primary Stages in 1993, and revived in 2013. Ives described the play: "Each one of these little plays were a little education in some particular aspect of theatre.... 'Philip Glass Buys a Loaf of Bread' — how much of a musical you can write in six minutes without having an orchestra." The Time Out New York reviewer, in his review of the 2013 revival, wrote: "...the bravura piece of music-theater parody, Philip Glass Buys a Loaf of Bread. The latter lampoon, whose content is pretty much summed up in the title, gives Ives a chance to use a few banal pieces of dialogue to imitate the composer’s minimalist arpeggios..." Overview The short play imitates composer Philip Glass's minimalist style; that is to say that comparatively few words and ideas are repeated many times throughout the work. The structure of this piece is closest to a hip hop or musical number, but it is quite distinct from both. The beat is alternately very fast and very ponderous. Einstein on the Beach, the 5-hour Glassian opera, is said by some to provide a good model of such rhythms that are seen in the play. The play opens and closes completely normally—"Philip Glass" enters a bakery, where in passing he encounters an old love of his accompanied by a friend. Between the two ends of this scene, in a long section marked by the ringing of a bell (a recurring device in Ives' plays), come rhythmic reorderings of the words used in the opening and closing. Some of the phrases make little sense ("PHILIP CAN THINK BREAD"), but they are used to create an emotional atmosphere suggesting Philip's subconscious state at seeing this woman again. Other lines are understandable but absurd, such as "PHILIP GLASS IS A LOAF OF BREAD" and "PHILIP NEED A LOAF OF LOVE," while others still make philosophical sense, such as "TIME IS A MOMENT." The play suggests several themes (although none of them too seriously) including the tendency of real life (the Baker) to interrupt what we wish life to be (Philip Glass and his old love). It seems that whenever Philip Glass or the rest of the cast comes close to a philosophical revelation, they revert to trochaic, nonsensical rhythms such as "Go! Go! Go! Go! Time! Time! Time! Time!" The bread can also be seen as a symbol of Philip's life and happiness, which he tries to ask for several times in vain. The Baker also needs "bread" in his life, whatever that may be for him... even money ("bread"). None of the messages are to be taken entirely seriously, as noted in the original "sheet music" of the piece. Philip Glass... may be distinguished from most of Ives' other works in that its ending may be played either comedically or dramatically, depending on the production. Of all of Ives' works, it is certainly the most open to directors' interpretation and thus stagings of it vary wildly. While some productions might choose to increase the absurdity of the parody until climactic breaking point, others may choose to twist the rhythm towards the end to allow for the few dramatic revelations allowed in the piece, such as "WHAT'S THE WOMAN MATTER?" and the final line of the musical interlude, "NEED NOTHING NEED WOMAN NEED MATTER. NO CHANGE." Nevertheless, the piece almost invariably ends on a laugh, as Glass asks if the baker can break his bill and the baker points to a sign stating, "No Change." (In some productions, there is no sign, and this is merely implied or else spoken outright.) References External links Internet Off-Broadway 1993 Plays by David Ives Philip Glass 1994 plays One-act plays

4040882

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20World%20According%20to%20John%20Coltrane

The World According to John Coltrane

The World According to John Coltrane is a 1990 documentary about jazz saxophonist John Coltrane. Overview The World According to John Coltrane, directed by Robert Palmer moves chronologically. It shows interviews with musicians who worked with Coltrane, such as Rashied Ali, Jimmy Heath, Roscoe Mitchell, and Wayne Shorter, and film clips of live performances. One brief clip shows Coltrane playing "So What" with Miles Davis in 1959. Shown, too, is a performance by the classic quartet of Coltrane, Jimmy Garrison, Elvin Jones, and McCoy Tyner at a jazz festival, and the quartet playing with Eric Dolphy. Coltrane's live performance of "Alabama" is shown in full. The documentary omits commentary by scholars in favor of a narrated chronology of his life, interviews with his contemporaries, and live film clips. Tracks A Love Supreme Alabama Blue Monk Dahomey Dance Dear Lord Eight Miles High Giant Steps Gospel Song 1 Gospel Song 2 Hot House Impressions Impressions 2 India Koko Moroccan Folk Song My Favorite Things My Favorite Things 2 Naima Number One Raga Bhimpalisi Roscoe In Morocco Round Midnight So What Things To Come References Documentary films about jazz music and musicians John Coltrane 1990 films 1990s English-language films

4040888

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Giants%20%28disambiguation%29

New York Giants (disambiguation)

The New York Giants are a professional American football team based in East Rutherford, New Jersey. New York Giants may also refer to: Baseball Major League Baseball San Francisco Giants, the current Major League Baseball team which originally played in New York City New York Giants (baseball), the team from 1883 to 1957 before moving to San Francisco Other baseball New York Giants (PL), a Players League team that played in New York City in 1890 New York Lincoln Giants, an Eastern Colored League and American Negro league team that played in New York City from about 1911 to about 1930 Other professional sport teams American football New York Brickley Giants, National Football League franchise, 1921 Association football New York Giants (soccer) including New York Giants (1894 soccer) New York Soccer Club, also called the New York Giants from 1923 and 1930 New York Nationals (ASL), called the New York Giants between 1930 and 1932

4040896

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Honeyman

John Honeyman

John Honeyman (1729August 18, 1822) was an American spy and British informant for George Washington, primarily responsible for spreading disinformation and gathering the intelligence crucial to Washington's victory in the Battle of Trenton. Early life and career Born in Ireland, purportedly in Armagh, Honeyman was of Scottish descent. The son of a poor farmer, he received little formal education but was nevertheless literate and learned several trades, including weaving. He worked as a farmer until the age of 29 and then entered the British Army to fight in the French and Indian War in 1758. He sailed to Canada aboard the frigate Boyne on which Colonel James Wolfe was also embarked. One day during the Atlantic Ocean crossing, Honeyman was on watch on the deck when Wolfe, who was about to descend a stairway, tripped and would have surely fallen if he had not been caught by Honeyman. Wolfe showed his gratitude by taking down Honeyman's name and promising to look out for the young private. Upon landing off the Saint Lawrence River, Honeyman's unit was almost immediately put into action against the French during the Siege of Louisbourg which ended after 48 days on July 26, 1758. Wolfe, who served under General Jeffery Amherst, was shortly promoted to General. He remembered the young private who saved him aboard the Boyne and made him his bodyguard, with orders to remain with him at all times. The success of the siege cleared the way for the British expedition led by General Wolfe to take New France at Quebec City the following summer and which culminated in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham on September 13, 1759. While it ended with a British victory, Wolfe was fatally shot and Honeyman was among those who carried the General down the heights to his shelter, where he died. Some people believe that one of the three men surrounding Wolfe in the painting La Morte de Wolfe by Benjamim West at the McCord Museum in Montreal is John Honeyman. After the war, Honeyman was given an honorable discharge from the army and he settled in Pennsylvania, carrying with him his discharge papers as well as a letter from General Wolfe requesting his services as his bodyguard. He took up his trade as a butcher and weaver and he married the former Mary Henry, an Irish girl from Coleraine at the First Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia on September 22, 1764. In service as Washington's spy Sometime before 1775, Honeyman moved to Philadelphia and supposedly met George Washington who was attending meetings of the Continental Congress. Although Honeyman had served the British well during the French and Indian War, he was sympathetic to the American cause and promptly presented his services to Washington. Washington, astute at finding good talent, accepted Honeyman's services. In the early part of 1776, Honeyman moved with his family to Griggstown, in Somerset County, New Jersey. It is unknown, however, whether this move was a result of his meetings with Washington. When Washington's Continental Army was retreating across New Jersey in 1776, Washington wanted to "get some person into Trenton" as an agent. He called upon Honeyman for a meeting at Fort Lee, New Jersey in November and there, Honeyman agreed that he would act the part of a spy for the American cause in that part of New Jersey where he was most familiar. Washington told Honeyman to use the cover of a Tory. The fact that he served under Wolfe, as proven by his discharge papers as well as Wolfe's letter requesting his services as his bodyguard, guaranteed his acceptance by the enemy garrison in Trenton. Posing as a Tory, Honeyman, continuing his trade as a butcher and weaver, commenced his trade with the British. He was instructed to continue trading as much as possible behind the American lines in Griggstown and, if necessary, to flee to Trenton on the pretext of the danger posed to his family due to his double-dealing. The deceptive plan was so believable that a mob of angry American patriots raided Honeyman's house in Griggstown. Fortunately, his family were saved from certain harm by a signed letter from Washington guaranteeing its safety, but nevertheless calling Honeyman "a notorious Tory". His credibility as a Tory now well-established, he moved to Trenton where his trade enabled him to move freely within the town and gather intelligence about the garrison. Having amassed enough information, he arranged to be captured by the Continental forces, who had been ordered to watch for him and bring him straight to Washington unharmed. After receiving the information Honeyman had gathered, Washington ordered the guards to feed the "Tory" and lock him up in a small hut used as a prison. Shortly afterward, a fire broke out in the vicinity providing an opportunity for Honeyman to "escape". Making his way back to Trenton, he told the Hessian commander, Colonel Johann Rall, of his capture and reported that the Continental Army was in such a low state of morale that they would not attack Trenton. Even though the Hessians had been on heightened alert for the past two weeks, they believed Honeyman's story and so felt confident enough to relax security on December 26. In the meantime, Honeyman made his way to New Brunswick, New Jersey. On the night of December 25–26, 1776, with 2,400 troops, Washington made the well known crossing of the Delaware River from Pennsylvania to New Jersey north of Trenton. The next morning, the Continental forces surprised the Hessians in a rout, giving the Americans a much-needed victory at the Battle of Trenton. With Washington, Honeyman had arranged for his mission to be confined in New Jersey and since the British were driven from the colony in 1777 his services were little needed, if at all. It had further been agreed upon, however, that Honeyman would continue to maintain his cover as a Tory to prevent any reprisals by the British against him and his family until the end of the war. As a consequence, he did not return to Griggstown until after hostilities ended four years later. Later years By 1793, Honeyman moved to Bedminster, New Jersey, in upper Somerset County. He bought several parcels of land between 1793 and 1797 and spent the last 30 years of his life there. His wife, Mary Honeyman, died on June 24, 1801, and three years later, he married a widow, Elizabeth Estel-Burrows. He died on August 18, 1822 at the age of 93 and is buried in the Lamington Presbyterian Church Cemetery in Lamington, New Jersey. Fact or Legend? The role Honeyman played in the Revolutionary War has been debated for some time. The first written record of his involvement with Washington appears to be his grandson Judge John Van Dyke's "An Unwritten Account of a Spy of Washington," which appeared in Our Home magazine in 1873, nearly 100 years later. Van Dyke is said to have relied on details he got from one of Honeyman's daughters, Van Dyke's Aunt Jane Honeyman who died in 1836. Judge Van Dyke's son, John Charles Van Dyke, the author of The Desert, added that "documents discovered in the Secretary of State's office at Trenton go to confirm it," without identifying the documents further. In his autobiography, John C. Van Dyke also wrote, "My father was much with him (Honeyman) in his later years, and he had fragments of the story from the spy's own lips, but the spy was never very communicative." Doubters point to the lack of direct evidence to support the spy story including the fact that the letter from Washington that protected the Honeyman family has never been seen outside the family. Some find it odd that a document of such apparent historic value has never surfaced publicly. Author Alexander Rose notes that "not once is John Honeyman mentioned in Washington's voluminous correspondence and papers" and that "upon meeting Honeyman, a veteran of the British army, Washington would have been more likely to recruit him as a sergeant than as a spy." Supporters argue that the lack of direct evidence merely points to the excellent job Honeyman, and Washington, did concealing his actions as a spy. Some have offered circumstantial evidence to support the spy story. Historians have pointed out that several legal actions brought against Honeyman for being a Tory appear to have been dismissed. Honeyman even sought compensation for losses he suffered during the war, something that a Tory would not have considered. While other Tories were forced to flee to Nova Scotia after the war, Honeyman remained in New Jersey. In fact, it is known that Honeyman purchased several tracts of land after the war, which raises the question of how a simple weaver with a rather large family could afford to make these purchases without some special income. John C. Van Dyke records that Honeyman "had always been considered a poor man, and his neighbors were much surprised when he died leaving about twelve thousand dollars. That was a large sum in those days...." That is evidence, to some, that he received compensation for his role in the war. See also Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War References External links George Washington's Spy John Honeyman, "The Spy of Washington" AmericanHeritage.com / A Spy For Washington True Comics Issue 05 Unsung Hero - John Honeyman Appendix notes from Washington's Crossing by David Hackett Fischer questioning the Honeyman spy story Article in the CIA's Intelligence Quarterly by Alexander Rose questioning the Honeyman spy story: "The Spy Who Never Was: The Strange Case of John Honeyman and Revolutionary War Espionage" Patriots Rising: The American-Revolution 1729 births 1822 deaths People of colonial New Jersey People from Bedminster, New Jersey People from Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey People of New Jersey in the American Revolution American people of Scotch-Irish descent Irish soldiers in the British Army British Army personnel of the Seven Years' War British military intelligence informants American spies during the American Revolution Irish people of Scottish descent Kingdom of Ireland emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies Burials in New Jersey People from County Armagh

4040916

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%27s%20Spine%20%28album%29

Caroline's Spine (album)

Caroline's Spine is the eponymous debut album of the American hard rock band of the same name. It was released in 1993 before the band was entirely formed. The lead singer/primary song writer Jimmy Newquist wrote all the songs and played most of the instruments for the recording. Many of the tracks on this album were later re-recorded with the full band for future Caroline's Spine albums. Track listing "Why Don't We Get Along" "Psycho (Surf)" "Ouch" "Artichoke (VII)" "As I Am" "Say it to You" "I Will Be Alright" "I Like Everything" "Train Called Sleep" "Monsoon" "Last Goodbye" "Will You Hold My Hand" "Psycho (Radio)" Personnel Produced by Dan Calderone & Caroline's Spine All words and music by James P. Newquist Music published by Archaic Music (BMI) Engineered by Dan Calderone & Joe Statt Recorded and mixed at Anza Digital Studios, San Diego, CA Mastered by David Merullo, RJR Digital Layout & design by Rick Goldman, CDS Graphics Cover art by HPN II References 1993 debut albums Caroline's Spine albums

4040933

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaka%20Nagate

Ayaka Nagate

, born October 30, 1981 and known professionally as , is a Japanese actress and former singer. From 1998 to 2008, Nagate was part of Hello! Project as a member of the Japan-based girl group Coconuts Musume. History Nagate joined Hello! Project in 1999 after being discovered by , fellow Sharan Q bandmate of Tsunku, with four other girls, forming Coconuts Musume. Having lived most of her teenage years in Hawaii and attending English schools in Japan, Nagate is fluent in both Japanese and English. She is best known by foreign fans for her "Ayaka no Totsugeki Eikaiwa" (Ayaka's Surprise English Lessons) TV segment, where she would test the English skills of Morning Musume members. On April 30, 2008, Nagate left from Coconuts Musume and Hello! Project to pursue acting. The following day, it was revealed that she had signed with Tristone Entertainment, going under the stage name of Ayaka Nagate. Personal life On July 14, 2008, it was announced that she and professional golfer Hideto Tanihara had married. Photobooks September 5, 2003 – References External links Ayaka's Official Blog 1981 births Coconuts Musume members Petitmoni members 11Water members Japanese television personalities Japanese actresses People from Kobe People from Hawaii Living people Musicians from Kobe

4040947

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maupertuis%27s%20principle

Maupertuis's principle

In classical mechanics, Maupertuis's principle (named after Pierre Louis Maupertuis) states that the path followed by a physical system is the one of least length (with a suitable interpretation of path and length). It is a special case of the more generally stated principle of least action. Using the calculus of variations, it results in an integral equation formulation of the equations of motion for the system. Mathematical formulation Maupertuis's principle states that the true path of a system described by generalized coordinates between two specified states and is a stationary point (i.e., an extremum (minimum or maximum) or a saddle point) of the abbreviated action functional where are the conjugate momenta of the generalized coordinates, defined by the equation where is the Lagrangian function for the system. In other words, any first-order perturbation of the path results in (at most) second-order changes in . Note that the abbreviated action is a functional (i.e. a function from a vector space into its underlying scalar field), which in this case takes as its input a function (i.e. the paths between the two specified states). Jacobi's formulation For many systems, the kinetic energy is quadratic in the generalized velocities although the mass tensor may be a complicated function of the generalized coordinates . For such systems, a simple relation relates the kinetic energy, the generalized momenta and the generalized velocities provided that the potential energy does not involve the generalized velocities. By defining a normalized distance or metric in the space of generalized coordinates one may immediately recognize the mass tensor as a metric tensor. The kinetic energy may be written in a massless form or, Therefore, the abbreviated action can be written since the kinetic energy equals the (constant) total energy minus the potential energy . In particular, if the potential energy is a constant, then Jacobi's principle reduces to minimizing the path length in the space of the generalized coordinates, which is equivalent to Hertz's principle of least curvature. Comparison with Hamilton's principle Hamilton's principle and Maupertuis's principle are occasionally confused with each other and both have been called the principle of least action. They differ from each other in three important ways: their definition of the action... the solution that they determine... ...and the constraints on the variation. History Maupertuis was the first to publish a principle of least action, where he defined action as , which was to be minimized over all paths connecting two specified points. However, Maupertuis applied the principle only to light, not matter (see the 1744 Maupertuis reference below). He arrived at the principle by considering Snell's law for the refraction of light, which Fermat had explained by Fermat's principle, that light follows the path of shortest time, not distance. This troubled Maupertuis, since he felt that time and distance should be on an equal footing: "why should light prefer the path of shortest time over that of distance?" Accordingly, Maupertuis asserts with no further justification the principle of least action as equivalent but more fundamental than Fermat's principle, and uses it to derive Snell's law. Maupertuis specifically states that light does not follow the same laws as material objects. A few months later, well before Maupertuis's work appeared in print, Leonhard Euler independently defined action in its modern abbreviated form and applied it to the motion of a particle, but not to light (see the 1744 Euler reference below). Euler also recognized that the principle only held when the speed was a function only of position, i.e., when the total energy was conserved. (The mass factor in the action and the requirement for energy conservation were not relevant to Maupertuis, who was concerned only with light.) Euler used this principle to derive the equations of motion of a particle in uniform motion, in a uniform and non-uniform force field, and in a central force field. Euler's approach is entirely consistent with the modern understanding of Maupertuis's principle described above, except that he insisted that the action should always be a minimum, rather than a stationary point. Two years later, Maupertuis cites Euler's 1744 work as a "beautiful application of my principle to the motion of the planets" and goes on to apply the principle of least action to the lever problem in mechanical equilibrium and to perfectly elastic and perfectly inelastic collisions (see the 1746 publication below). Thus, Maupertuis takes credit for conceiving the principle of least action as a general principle applicable to all physical systems (not merely to light), whereas the historical evidence suggests that Euler was the one to make this intuitive leap. Notably, Maupertuis's definitions of the action and protocols for minimizing it in this paper are inconsistent with the modern approach described above. Thus, Maupertuis's published work does not contain a single example in which he used Maupertuis's principle (as presently understood). In 1751, Maupertuis's priority for the principle of least action was challenged in print (Nova Acta Eruditorum of Leipzig) by an old acquaintance, Johann Samuel Koenig, who quoted a 1707 letter purportedly from Leibniz that described results similar to those derived by Euler in 1744. However, Maupertuis and others demanded that Koenig produce the original of the letter to authenticate its having been written by Leibniz. Koenig only had a copy and no clue as to the whereabouts of the original. Consequently, the Berlin Academy under Euler's direction declared the letter to be a forgery and that its President, Maupertuis, could continue to claim priority for having invented the principle. Koenig continued to fight for Leibniz's priority and soon Voltaire and the King of Prussia, Frederick II were engaged in the quarrel. However, no progress was made until the turn of the twentieth century, when other independent copies of Leibniz's letter were discovered. See also Analytical mechanics Hamilton's principle Gauss's principle of least constraint (also describes Hertz's principle of least curvature) Hamilton–Jacobi equation References Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Accord de différentes loix de la nature qui avoient jusqu'ici paru incompatibles (original 1744 French text); Accord between different laws of Nature that seemed incompatible (English translation) Leonhard Euler, Methodus inveniendi/Additamentum II (original 1744 Latin text); Methodus inveniendi/Appendix 2 (English translation) Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Les loix du mouvement et du repos déduites d'un principe metaphysique (original 1746 French text); Derivation of the laws of motion and equilibrium from a metaphysical principle (English translation) Leonhard Euler, Exposé concernant l'examen de la lettre de M. de Leibnitz (original 1752 French text); Investigation of the letter of Leibniz (English translation) König J. S. "De universali principio aequilibrii et motus", Nova Acta Eruditorum, 1751, 125–135, 162–176. J. J. O'Connor and E. F. Robertson, "The Berlin Academy and forgery", (2003), at The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. C. I. Gerhardt, (1898) "Über die vier Briefe von Leibniz, die Samuel König in dem Appel au public, Leide MDCCLIII, veröffentlicht hat", Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, I, 419–427. W. Kabitz, (1913) "Über eine in Gotha aufgefundene Abschrift des von S. König in seinem Streite mit Maupertuis und der Akademie veröffentlichten, seinerzeit für unecht erklärten Leibnizbriefes", Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, II, 632–638. H. Goldstein, (1980) Classical Mechanics, 2nd ed., Addison Wesley, pp. 362–371. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, (1976) Mechanics, 3rd. ed., Pergamon Press, pp. 140–143. (hardcover) and (softcover) G. C. J. Jacobi, Vorlesungen über Dynamik, gehalten an der Universität Königsberg im Wintersemester 1842–1843. A. Clebsch (ed.) (1866); Reimer; Berlin. 290 pages, available online Œuvres complètes volume 8 at Gallica-Math from the Gallica Bibliothèque nationale de France. H. Hertz, (1896) Principles of Mechanics, in Miscellaneous Papers, vol. III, Macmillan. Calculus of variations Hamiltonian mechanics Mathematical principles

4040952

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterans%20Memorial%20Bridge%20%28Tallahassee%29

Veterans Memorial Bridge (Tallahassee)

The Veterans Memorial Bridge is a flyover that carries two lanes of traffic onto southbound US 319 (Capital Circle Northeast) from southbound U.S. Route 319/State Road 61 (Thomasville Road) on the north side of Tallahassee, Florida. It was built for the purpose of alleviating traffic congestion in the left-turn lanes on Thomasville Road and was opened to the public in 1997. A 2002 Florida state bill proposed that this bridge (number 550122) would be named Veterans Memorial Bridge. References Bridges completed in 1997 Buildings and structures in Tallahassee, Florida Transportation in Tallahassee, Florida Monuments and memorials in Florida Road bridges in Florida U.S. Route 19 Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System Transportation buildings and structures in Leon County, Florida

4040953

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christie%20Pearce

Christie Pearce

Christie Patricia Pearce (formerly Rampone; born June 24, 1975) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a defender. She is the former captain of the United States national team. Pearce is a three-time Olympic gold medalist, and also a two-time world champion in FIFA Women's World Cup. Pearce has played in five FIFA Women's World Cup finals and four Olympics women's football tournaments. She is a 1999 and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup champion, and a three-time gold medalist having won championship titles at the 2004 Athens Olympics, 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2012 London Olympics. She finished no lower than third place in each of the World Cup or Olympic tournaments in which she competed. Pearce played in the W-League from 1997 through 1998. She played in two American professional leagues the entire time they were in operation; from 2001 through 2003 in the WUSA and from 2009 through 2011 in the WPS. In 2009, while playing for Sky Blue FC, she simultaneously served as coach of the club while winning the 2009 Women's Professional Soccer Playoffs, and was named WPS Sportswoman of the Year. Pearce was the oldest player to appear in a FIFA Women's World Cup game (at age 40) until Formiga competed in the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup at the age of 41. With 311 caps, Pearce is also the third-most capped player, male or female, in U.S. and world history, after Kristine Lilly and Carli Lloyd. On June 9, 2021, it was announced that Pearce was to be inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility. Early life Born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Christie Pearce grew up in Point Pleasant, New Jersey. During her high school years, she was a four-sport athlete in soccer, basketball, track, and field hockey. While attending Point Pleasant Borough High School, she scored 2,190 career high school basketball points, and was the first female athlete in New Jersey history to lead her conference in scoring in three different sports. This accomplishment led her to all-state honors in all three sports. Pearce was heralded as the best athlete Ocean County, New Jersey had ever produced. Monmouth University Pearce attended Monmouth University, located in West Long Branch, New Jersey, after being highly recruited by nearly every major college in the country. At Monmouth, she excelled as a three-sport athlete in soccer, basketball, and lacrosse. During her senior year, she opted to ease away from her starting point guard basketball position to train and travel with the United States women's national soccer team. On the Monmouth soccer field, Pearce was a two-time Northeast Conference Player of the Year selection and First Team All Mid-Atlantic Region selection, posting ten multiple-goal games in her senior year. She finished her collegiate soccer career with a start in all 80 games, led her team with 79 career goals and 54 assists, and was Monmouth's record holder for goals, assists, and points in a season. When not on the field, Pearce studied towards a degree in Special Education, which she completed in 1996. She also worked as a volunteer basketball and soccer coach when completing her student teaching with Monmouth. As a tribute to her achievements and for the worldwide fame she brought to her alma mater, the university awarded her with an honorary degree in Public Service in 2005. Furthermore, the university inducted her into the Monmouth University Hall of Fame in 2007 and honored her 2008 Olympic accomplishments by declaring October 5, 2008 as Christie Rampone Day. Club career After college, Pearce played for Central Jersey Splash and New Jersey Lady Stallions, in 1997 and 1998 respectively, of the W-League. In 2001, she was selected as a member of New York Power, a professional soccer team in Women's United Soccer Association. In the first year, Christie played every minute of the first 18 games until tearing her anterior cruciate ligament, sidelining her for the rest of the season. In 2002, Christie bounced back to play in 1699 minutes over 19 games, and another 18 games in 2003 in addition to her national team duties. Shortly after concluding its third season, the WUSA suspended all operations. In anticipation of an eventual relaunch, WUSA preserved its rights in the team names, logos and similar properties. The next attempt at women's professional soccer in the United States kicked off in 2008 under the name of Women's Professional Soccer. On September 16, 2008, the initial WPS player allocation was conducted and Pearce was chosen as captain for New Jersey's Sky Blue FC with fellow US Women's National Team players Heather O'Reilly and Natasha Kai. In its inaugural season, Pearce and Sky Blue FC struggled, including the suspension of their first head coach Ian Sawyers and the resignation of his successor, Kelly Lindsey. In July 2009, the Sky Blue organization announced that Pearce would serve as the caretaker coach, in addition to her playing duties, for the remainder of the WPS season. After taking on the position as head coach, the third in one season for Sky Blue FC, Pearce took her team on to win the 2009 Women's Professional Soccer Playoffs. It was later revealed she was almost three months pregnant with her second child at the time of the match. One week later, she was named WPS Sportswoman of the Year. She remained with Sky Blue in a playing role for 2010 before switching to magicJack ahead of the 2011 Women's Professional Soccer season. On January 11, 2013 Pearce was one of three members from the United States women's national team that was allocated to the new NWSL club Sky Blue FC, along with Jillian Loyden and Kelley O'Hara. International career Christie Pearce has represented the United States at the 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup finals, in addition to the 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012 Summer Olympics. After training with the United States women's national soccer team during her senior year at Monmouth, she switched to playing as a defender. Pearce's first game was February 28, 1997 versus Australia. She tallied her first national team goal on May 2, 1997, in a match versus South Korea. Pearce started 16/18 games in her first season and finished with two goals and three assists. The following year, Pearce helped her team to its first undefeated season and led the United States to gold in the 1998 Goodwill Games by starting in both matches. Pearce played 2540 minutes with the national team in 2000, including five games at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. The team finished with the silver medal. In 2001, Pearce tore her anterior cruciate ligament and missed a majority of the limited national team season. Pearce was back with the team for two training camps in 2002, but focused on recovering from her surgery. In 2003, she started in 15/17 national team games and all four World Cup matches to lead her team to the bronze medal. In the 2004 Athens Olympics, she helped the United States win gold after defeating Brazil in what would be the final Olympic Games for a few of her senior teammates: Mia Hamm, Brandi Chastain and Julie Foudy. It was in this same year that Pearce would become the fifth most capped defender in United States history. Pearce returned to the team in 2006, after taking off the 2005 season to have her first child. In 2006, Christie returned to the team just 112 days after giving birth for China's Four Nations Tournament. 2007 brought Pearce's busiest year to date, starting in all 20 games in which she played and she became the most capped defender and second-most capped played on the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup team. She started in all six matches of the World Cup. In 2008, Pearce was named captain of the Women's National Team and led the United States to the Gold medal once again, earning her 200th National Team cap at the 2008 Summer Olympics. With the retirement of teammate Kristine Lilly in 2010, she became the most capped active player in the world. Pearce captained the USA team to win second place at 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, losing to Japan 1–3 in the penalty shoot-out, having drawn the final match at 2–2 at the end of extra-time. She played all 600 minutes in all 6 matches USA played. In 2012 London Olympics, Pearce captained the USA team to a 2–1 gold medal win over Japan in the final; playing all 570 minutes in 6 matches and was a key free kick taker throughout the tournament. Pearce also saved a shot off the line from Japan in the Olympic final. The USA team won all six matches it played at the 2012 London Olympics, including 3 shutouts. As of September 20, 2015, Christie Pearce is currently second on the all-time cap list with 311. On July 5, 2015, she became the oldest woman to play in a FIFA Women's World Cup final, and in any tournament game, at age 40 years, 11 days, when she entered the final against Japan during the 86th minute. In 1999 she played against Korea DPR in the group stage, and in 2015 she played against Nigeria in the group stage, and in the final against Japan. Personal life Pearce is of Scottish descent and sporting heritage; her great-grandfather Bill Dowie was a goalkeeper with Raith Rovers before emigrating to the United States in the 1920s. Pearce has two daughters with her ex-husband Chris Rampone: Rylie (born 2005) and Reece (born 2010). She and Rampone divorced in 2017. Though married to Chris in 2001, Pearce did not use the name "Rampone" on her jersey until 2004. In July 2011, Pearce revealed she had Lyme disease. Pearce is currently engaged to Racing Louisville FC former-head coach Christy Holly. Endorsements In 2012, Jersey Mike's Subs appointed Jersey Shore native Pearce as its first spokesperson in its 56-year history. She and her ex-husband have since become franchisees of the chain, opening two locations in Toms River, New Jersey in early 2017. In popular culture Video games Pearce was featured along with her national teammates in EA Sports' FIFA video game series in FIFA 16, the first time women players were included in the game. In September 2015, she was ranked by EA Sports as the number 8 women's player in the game. Ticker tape parade and White House honor Following the United States' win at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, Pearce and her teammates became the first women's sports team to be honored with a ticker tape parade in New York City. Each player received a key to the city from Mayor Bill de Blasio. In October of the same year, the team was honored by President Barack Obama at the White House. Career statistics References External links Christie Rampone profile at National Women's Soccer League Christie Rampone profile at Sky Blue FC US Soccer player profile WUSA player profile Sports agency player profile 1975 births Living people Women's Olympic soccer players of the United States United States women's international soccer players Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics Olympic gold medalists for the United States in soccer Olympic silver medalists for the United States in soccer Women's United Soccer Association players New York Power players Monmouth Hawks women's soccer players Monmouth University alumni Point Pleasant Borough High School alumni Sportspeople from Fort Lauderdale, Florida Sportspeople from Point Pleasant, New Jersey Sky Blue FC (WPS) players MagicJack (WPS) players FIFA Century Club American women's soccer players 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup players 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup players 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup players 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players National Women's Soccer League players NJ/NY Gotham FC players Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics FIFA Women's World Cup-winning players Women's association football central defenders FIFA Women's World Cup-winning captains Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics Player-coaches American people of Scottish descent Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games Women's Professional Soccer players Women's Professional Soccer coaches National Soccer Hall of Fame members

4040956

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Clegg

Robin Clegg

Robin Clegg (born August 11, 1977) is Canadian former biathlete. Born in Edmonton, Alberta, Clegg lives in Canmore, Alberta. He was a gold medalist at the 2005 North American Championships. He retired after the 2009–10 season. Robin Clegg was inducted into the NWT Sport Hall of Fame in 2014. References External links CBC Bio 1977 births Living people Biathletes at the 2002 Winter Olympics Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Olympics Biathletes at the 2010 Winter Olympics Canadian male biathletes Olympic biathletes of Canada Sportspeople from Edmonton

4040968

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Used%20to%20Work%20in%20Chicago

I Used to Work in Chicago

"I Used to Work in Chicago" is a drinking song. It was written by songwriter and entertainer Larry Vincent. The earliest printed date for the song is March 1945 in the underground mimeographed songbook Songs of the Century, however versions of the song circulated "on the street" as early as 1938 according to the Digital Tradition Folk Music Database. Many of the lyrics are considered humorous because of the oblique sexual references. The song is often chanted by various British university sports teams. After World War II, there were various versions of this song commercially recorded (e.g. by Spike Jones). A verse from Spike Jones's version: Recordings The Three Bits Of Rhythm on Modern Records 118A from 1946 Oscar Brand on Bawdy Songs and Backroom Ballads 1951 Merle Travis on Guitar Rags & A Too Fast Past 1994 Benny Bell on Shaving Cream 1975, Track Title: Jack of All Trades Popular culture A variation of this song is also occasionally performed by Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam during their live performances with the final lines, "Liquor she wanted / Lick her I did / I don't work there anymore." The same (Liquor/Lick her) version is also sung by Dusty and Lefty, played by Woody Harrelson and John C. Reilly, in the film A Prairie Home Companion. One verse sung by Charles Durning in the movie Jerry and Tom. "A woman came in for a house dress. I asked her what kind she wore. 'Jumper,' she said. Jump her I did and I don't work there anymore." References Cray, Ed; The Erotic Muse: American Bawdy Songs (University of Illinois, 1992). Reuss, Richard A.; An Annotated Field Collection of Songs From the American College Student Oral Tradition (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Masters Thesis, 1965). Drinking songs Songs about Chicago Songs written by Larry Vincent 1945 songs

4040971

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra%20Keith

Sandra Keith

Sandra Keith (born December 11, 1980) is an Olympic Games biathlete for Team Canada. She was part of Canada's team in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. Keith retired after the 2009–10 season. Personal life Sandra Keith was one of about 20 alumni of the National Sport School (located in Calgary ) to compete in the 2006 games. She is a student at Athabasca University, working on her Bachelor of Commerce degree. She was married to Norwegian biathlon star Halvard Hanevold from 2011 until his death in 2019. She was part of a group of five athletes who posed for the Bold Beautiful Biathlon calendar. References External links AU student competes at the Olympics CBC Bio Sandra Keith on Real Champions Nude calendar fund raiser for the 2010 games Living people Canadian female biathletes Olympic biathletes of Canada Skiers from Ottawa 1980 births Athabasca University alumni Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Olympics

4040973

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard%20Rotherham

Gerard Rotherham

Gerard Alexander Rotherham (28 May 1899 – 31 January 1985) was a first-class cricketer for Cambridge University and Warwickshire in England and for Wellington in New Zealand. His uncle, Hugh Rotherham, played first-class cricket in the 1880s. Rotherham's chief cricket fame was achieved as a schoolboy at Rugby School, where his record as a fast-medium bowler led to him being named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in the 1918 edition of Wisden, at a time when first-class cricket was suspended for the First World War. He then went up to Trinity College, Cambridge. Rotherham's later first-class career lasted only a few seasons. He got a Blue at Cambridge in both 1919 and 1920, when his swashbuckling lower-order batting was almost as valuable as his increasingly wayward bowling. In 1921, he had a full season of county cricket with Warwickshire, and this time the bowling was more valuable than the batting, and he took 88 wickets in the season. But at the end of the season he moved to New Zealand, where he made just a few appearances for Wellington in 1928–29. References External links English cricketers People educated at Rugby School Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge Cambridge University cricketers Warwickshire cricketers Wellington cricketers Wisden Cricketers of the Year 1899 births 1985 deaths Cricketers from Coventry

4040975

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20P.%20McCaskey%20High%20School

J. P. McCaskey High School

J. P. McCaskey High School is a public high school located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States. Located on the east side of Lancaster, it is named after John Piersol McCaskey, a local educator. The McCaskey campus consists of two buildings: J. P. McCaskey, which is usually referred to either as "JPM" or simply "JP"; and McCaskey East, which is referred to as "East". Also on the McCaskey campus are a number of playing fields (for soccer, baseball, softball, and field hockey), tennis courts, and a stadium. Nearby are Wickersham Elementary School and Lincoln Middle School. History John Piersol McCaskey High School opened on 3 May 1938, accepting Lancaster city's first gender-integrated class of students. The high school was named for John McCaskey, a local educator, composer, and politician. The construction is a product of the post-Depression Works Progress Administration. While the main building was subsequently extended, the original façade, lobby, and auditorium are set in Art Deco style. In 2021, The outside of the JP McCaskey Building was used in an episode the Disney Channel TV show Bunk'd. Notable alumni Madeline Anderson (1945), filmmaker, first African-American woman to direct a documentary film, first African-American woman to executive produce a nationally distributed television show. Barney Ewell, sprinter, 1948 Summer Olympics silver medalist Jennifer Gareis (1988), actress David Greene, 1994, NPR Morning Edition Host Jerry Johnson, professional basketball player Mindy Myers, campaign manager John Parrish, former MLB pitcher Lamar Patterson, National Basketball Association (NBA) player and second round draft pick Franklin J. Schaffner (valedictorian Class of 1938), film director (Planet of the Apes, Patton, Nicholas and Alexandra) Matt Watson, former MLB outfielder Kris Wilson, former NFL tight end References External links Public high schools in Pennsylvania Education in Lancaster, Pennsylvania Educational institutions established in 1938 Schools in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania 1938 establishments in Pennsylvania

4040983

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League%20of%20African%20Democratic%20Socialist%20Parties

League of African Democratic Socialist Parties

The League of African Democratic Socialist Parties, initially known as the Socialist Inter-African, is a union of democratic socialist political parties in the continent of Africa. It was set up to provide an international forum for moderate socialists in Africa, and proclaimed that "democratic socialism" was the only possible path to African development. It is affiliated to, but not a regional component of, the Socialist International. The decision to set it up was taken at the 1976 Geneva meeting of the Socialist International by a group of African social democrats led by Léopold Sédar Senghor of Senegal. At the time vice-president of the SI, he was "entrusted" with the task of setting up a local organisation that would be free of accusations of any affiliation to Moscow. The Socialist Inter-African held its inaugural meeting in Tunis on February 26–28, 1981. Eleven democratic socialist parties from across the continent attended. Amongst the founding parties was the Sudanese Socialist Union of Gaafar Nimeiry. Senghor was unable to attract all the continent's socialists; prominent exceptions included Zimbabwe and Namibia. The Soviet press declared the union of "bourgeois" parties was dangerous and opportunistic, and that the Socialist Inter-African was "programmed in Western Europe and designed in Dakar and Tunis." References Socialism in Africa Politics of Africa Pan-Africanist organizations in Africa

4040986

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-eyed%20fig%20parrot

Double-eyed fig parrot

The double-eyed fig parrot (Cyclopsitta diophthalma), also known as the blue-faced fig parrot, red-faced fig parrot, dwarf fig parrot, and the two-eyed fig parrot, primarily inhabits forests on New Guinea and nearby islands, but is also found in isolated communities along the tropical Australian coast, east of the Great Dividing Range. With an average total length of about , it is the smallest parrot in Australia. Most subspecies of the double-eyed fig parrot are sexually dimorphic, with males having more red (less silvery and blue) to the face than the females. It is predominantly green with a very short tail, a disproportionately large head and bill, and red and blue facial markings. Its name is derived from a blue spot on the lores, which in New Guinean birds is roughly the same size as the eyes. Although assessed as of Least Concern by the IUCN, certain subspecies are under threat. Coxen's fig parrot (C. d. coxeni) is of one Australia's rarest and least known birds, having been recorded on fewer than 200 occasions since being described by Gould in 1866. It is classified as Endangered in Queensland (Nature Conservation Act 1992), New South Wales (New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995), and also nationally in Australia (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) as it has declined due, at least in part, to the clearing of lowland subtropical rainforest over its range. Behaviour The double-eyed fig parrot generally forages for figs, berries, seeds, nectar, and the grubs of wood-boring insects. This foraging is done in pairs or in a flock of only a few individuals. It tends to fly in a quick and direct manner. It produces a short and shrill call. Unlike many other parrots which generally use existing holes in trees for nests, double-eyed fig parrots excavate their own nest cavities, usually in a rotten tree. Double-eyed fig parrots utter high-pitched, clipped, two or three note zzzt-zzzt or zeet-zeet calls, unlike the rolling or trilling screeches typical of lorikeets. These calls are mostly made in flight, but sometimes when perched. When engrossed in feeding, it may also make a variety of softer, chattering noises. Eight subspecies of the double-eyed fig parrot are described. Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni, C. d. macleayana, and C. d. marshalli are restricted to Australia, and the other five are restricted to New Guinea and associated islands. Subspecies C. d. aruensis (Aru double-eyed fig parrot) C. d. coccineifrons (Astrolabe Mountain fig parrot) C. d. coxeni (Coxen's fig parrot) C. d. diophthalma C. d. inseparabilis (Tagula fig parrot) C. d. macleayana (Macleay's fig parrot or red-browed fig parrot) C. d. marshalli (Marshall's fig parrot) C. d. virago (Hartert's double-eyed fig parrot) See also Blue-fronted fig parrot References Further reading Recovery Plan for the Coxen's Fig Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni (Gould), New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, July 2002 External links World Parrot Trust Parrot Encyclopedia - Species Profiles double-eyed fig parrot Birds of New Guinea Birds of Queensland double-eyed fig parrot double-eyed fig parrot double-eyed fig parrot

4040987

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...So%20Good%20Afternoon

...So Good Afternoon

... So Good Afternoon is the second studio album by American alternative rock band Caroline's Spine. The relatively short album features many tracks which would be later re-recorded for other albums. It was intended primarily as a compilation to sell at their live shows. Track listing Personnel Jimmy Newquist – vocals, bass, guitar Jason Gilardi – drums, percussion Mark Haugh – guitar Luis Moral – bass (Listed, but did not record. He joined briefly after the recording.) Production Produced by Dan Calderone and Caroline's Spine All music and lyrics by James P. Newqust Music published by Archaic Music (BMI) Recorded & mixed at Anza Digital, San Diego, CA in July 1994. Engineered by Dan Calderone & Joe Statt Layout & design by Joe Statt Photography by Jim Newquist, Elizabeth Capps, Jeff Taylor, Mark Haugh & Lori Statt References 1994 albums Caroline's Spine albums

4040995

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zina%20Kocher

Zina Kocher

Zina Kocher (born December 5, 1982, in Red Deer, Alberta) is a Canadian cross-country skier and former biathlete. She competed for Team Canada in biathlon at the 2006, 2010, 2014 Winter Olympics and in 12 editions of the Biathlon World Championships. Career Kocher started out competing as a cross-country skier, and was introduced to the sport of biathlon at the 1998 Alberta Winter Games. After graduating from high school in 2000, she moved to Canmore to train full-time. She subsequently was selected to compete for Canada at the 2001 Junior World Championships, before embarking on her first full-time Biathlon World Cup campaign in the 2003-04 season, during which she took five top 30 finishes. In the opening race of the 2006-07 season, a 15 km individual competition in Östersund, Sweden, Kocher finished third, becoming the first Canadian biathlete to make the podium in a top-level international event since Myriam Bédard ten years earlier. After a two-year period where she struggled with illness, Kocher took a fourth place in a pursuit at the third meeting of the 2009–10 season in Pokljuka, Slovenia, shooting 20 out of 20 targets in an event for the first time, having already taken a tenth place in the sprint at the same meeting. At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, she was part of the Canadian team that finished eighth in the women's relay, the best ever Canadian finish in that event. Kocher retired from biathlon competition in March 2016, and by January 2017 she had enrolled as a student of massage therapy at Mount Royal University. She subsequently competed in the 2017 national cross-country ski championships in Canmore: having trained on a part-time basis, she won the 5 km competition and finished second in the 30 km event, in a field containing members of the Canadian national cross-country ski team. She subsequently decided to switch to part-time studies and return to competition as a cross-country skier with the aim of being selected for the 2018 Winter Olympics, partly in memory of Richard Boruta, her former biathlon coach, who had been killed in a climbing accident in August 2017. Kocher won the 51 km freestyle race at the Gatineau Loppet in February 2018. Bold Beautiful Biathlon She was part of a group of five athletes (along with Canadian biathletes Megan Tandy, Sandra Keith, Rosanna Crawford, and Megan Imrie), who posed for the Bold Beautiful Biathlon calendar. Although Zina Kocher was one of the few fully funded athletes in the national biathlon program, she took the initiative to find opportunities for extra funding. Kocher felt the calendar would build a new image for young Canadian girls to look up to; the image of a healthy, athletic body. The nude photos were taken by Rachel Boekel and Adrian Marcoux in Canmore, Alberta. The concept was that each athlete will be featured on two pages of the calendar, and there will be four group photos. The calendar was called Bold Beautiful Biathlon, and sold for $25. The biathletes were inspired by a calendar that was done featuring Olympic cross-country skiers, Sara Renner and Beckie Scott in 2001. Renner and Scott, along with three other teammates, tastefully took their clothes off for a calendar to raise funds. Personal life Kocher married Alex Lawson in the summer of 2017. She is a trained doula. See also List of Canadian sports personalities References External links CBC Bio Zina Kocher on Real Champions 1982 births Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Olympics Biathletes at the 2010 Winter Olympics Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics Canadian female biathletes Living people Olympic biathletes of Canada Sportspeople from Red Deer, Alberta Canadian female cross-country skiers

4041001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Collings

Matthew Collings

Matthew Collings (born 1955) is a British art critic, writer, broadcaster, and artist. He is married to Emma Biggs, with whom he collaborates on art works. Education Born in London in 1955, Collings studied at Byam Shaw School of Art, and Goldsmiths College, both in London. Life and career He began his career working at Artscribe first in the production department in 1979 and later taking over as editor, filling that role from 1983 to 1987, bringing international relevance to the magazine. In 1987 he received a Turner Prize commendation for his work on Artscribe. Collings later moved into television working as a producer and presenter on the BBC The Late Show from 1989 to 1995. In the early 1990s he brought Martin Kippenberger into the BBC studios to create an installation, and he interviewed Georg Herold while this Cologne-based conceptual artist painted a large canvas with beluga caviar. He gave Jeff Koons his first sympathetic exposure on British TV, and Damien Hirst was also introduced for the first time to the UK TV audience by Collings. He wrote and presented documentary films for the BBC on individual artists, such as Donald Judd, Georgia O'Keeffe and Willem de Kooning, as well as broader historical subjects such as Hitler's "Degenerate art" exhibition, art looted in the Second World War by Germany and Russia, Situationism, Spain's post-Franco art world and the rise of the Cologne art scene. After leaving the BBC, Collings wrote 'Blimey! From Bohemia to Britpop: The London Artworld from Francis Bacon to Damien Hirst,' which humorously chronicled the rise of the Young British Art (YBA) movement. Published in 1997 by 21, a new company founded by David Bowie, among a group of others, 'Blimey!'was described by Artforum magazine as “…one of the best-selling contemporary-art books ever." (Kate Bush on the YBA Sensation, Artforum, 2004) The article went on to say that Collings "invented the perfect voice to complement YBA: He makes an impact without (crucially) ever appearing to try too hard." The following year, Collings wrote and presented the Channel 4 TV series This is Modern Art, which won him a Bafta (2000) among other awards. Collings wrote and presented a Channel 4 series in 2003 about the "painterly" stream of Old Master painting, called Matt's Old Masters. A book by the same title accompanied the series. Further Channel 4 series by Collings included Impressionism: Revenge of the Nice (2004) and The Me Generations: Self Portraits, (2005). Between 1997 and 2005, Collings presented the Channel 4 TV programme on the Turner Prize. In 2007 he wrote and presented the Channel 4 TV series This is Civilisation. In 2009 he appeared on the BBC2 programme "School of Saatchi" a reality TV show for newly trained UK artists. In October 2010, he wrote and presented a BBC2 series called Renaissance Revolution, in which he discussed three Renaissance paintings: Raphael's Madonna del Prato; Hieronymus Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights; and Piero della Francesca's The Baptism of Christ. In 2014 he wrote and presented a 90-minute documentary for BBC4 on abstract art: The Rules of Abstraction considered early modernist beginnings by Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Hilma af Klint, and others, as well as contemporary continuities, ranging from Fiona Rae to El Anatsui. In the same year, Collings appeared in Frederick Wiseman's documentary, National Gallery composing and rehearsing a piece-to-camera on Turner's The Fighting Temeraire, for the documentary Turner's Thames, (2012), which Collings wrote and presented for BBC4. Since 2015, he has been the regular art critic for the Evening Standard, replacing Brian Sewell, who died that year. Suspension from Labour Party In 2019 Collings was picked as Parliamentary candidate for the Labour Party for the South West Norfolk constituency, but was suspended by the party a day later. Collings called Lord Sacks, the former Chief Rabbi of the UK, a “notorious hate-filled racist" after Sacks repeatedly condemned multiculturalism, celebrated a violent march of illegal settlers against Palestinians in Jerusalem, and named a racist book by Douglas Murray which claimed Enoch Powell "did not go far enough" his "book of the year." With Emma Biggs In October 2007, with his wife, Emma Biggs, Collings has curated many art exhibitions. These include an exhibition of Picasso's late works at the HN Gallery in London. The paintings were from the 1960s series of Painter and Model and Déjeuner sur l’herbe reworkings. According to the catalogue essay, written by Collings, the exhibition aimed to draw attention to Picasso's achievement as a manipulator of form rather than the popular myth of Picasso as a showman or lover or sensationalist genius. Together Biggs and Collings create paintings based on intricate patterns. They have exhibited their work in London and abroad. Books Blimey! - From Bohemia to Britpop: London Art World from Francis Bacon to Damien Hirst, 21 Publishing, 1997 It Hurts - New York Art from Warhol to Now, 21 Publishing, 2000 This is Modern Art, Weidenfeld & Nicolson and Watson-Guptill Publications, 2000 Art Crazy Nation, 21 Publishing, 2001 Sarah Lucas, Tate Publishing, 2002 Matt's Old Masters: Titian, Rubens, Velázquez, Hogarth, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003 Criticism (with Matthew Arnatt), Rachmaninoff's, 2004 Ron Arad interviewed by Matthew Collings, Phaidon, 2004 This is Civilisation, 21 Publishing, 2008 Video and television Omnibus: Willem de Kooning (BBC TV documentary) Narrator 1995 This Is Modern Art (Channel 4 TV series documentary) 1998 Hello Culture - (Channel 4 TV series documentary) 2001 2003 Matt's Old Masters (Channel 4 TV series documentary) Hogarth, Velázquez, Rubens, Titian Impressionism: Revenge of the Nice (Channel 4 TV series documentary) 2004 Self Portraits (Channel 4 TV series documentary) 2005 This Is Civilisation (BBC TV series documentary) 2007 What is Beauty? (BBC TV documentary) 2009 Renaissance Revolution: Raphael, Piero, Bosch (BBC TV series documentary) 2010 Beautiful Equations (BBC4 TV one-hour documentary) 2010 Turner's Thames (BBC2 1-hour documentary) The Rules of Abstraction with Matthew Collings (BBC4 TV documentary) 2014 References External links Contains images and updated information on Collings and Biggs' work 1955 births Living people Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London Alumni of the Byam Shaw School of Art British art critics British male journalists English contemporary artists

4041019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Leoni

David Leoni

David Leoni (born September 8, 1982 in Liverpool, United Kingdom) is an Olympic Games biathlete for Team Canada, who lives in Jasper, Alberta. He is also a six-time Canadian Junior Champion, and three time North American Champion. References 1982 births Living people Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Olympics Canadian male biathletes Olympic biathletes of Canada Sportspeople from Edmonton

4041024

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Storstad

SS Storstad

Storstad was a steam cargo ship built in 1910 by Armstrong, Whitworth & Co Ltd of Newcastle for A. F. Klaveness & Co of Sandefjord, Norway. The ship was primarily employed as an ore and coal carrier doing tramp trade during her career. In May 1914 she rammed and sank the ocean liner , killing over 1,000 people. Design and construction Storstad was laid down at Armstrong, Whitworth & Co Low Walker shipyard in Newcastle and launched on 4 October 1910 (yard number 824). As the ship was being launched, she struck a nearby steamship SS Dardania from Trieste, and had her stern damaged. After successful completion of sea trials, during which the vessel was able to reach speed of , Storstad was handed over to her owners and fully commissioned in January 1911. To operate the vessel, she was transferred to a separate company, Aktieselskabet "Maritim", owned by A. F. Klaveness. The ship was built on the Isherwood longitudinal framing principle, and at the time of her launch was the largest vessel to be constructed in this manner. The ship was specifically designed for coal and iron ore carriage, and had very large hatches built, with 10 powerful winches installed for quick cargo discharge. As built, the ship was long (between perpendiculars) and abeam, a mean draft of . Storstad was assessed at , and had deadweight tonnage of approximately 10,650. The vessel had a steel hull, and a single 447 nhp triple-expansion steam engine, with cylinders of , , and diameter with a stroke, that drove a single screw propeller, and moved the ship at up to . Operational history Upon delivery, Storstad departed on 31 January 1911 for her maiden voyage from Newcastle for Narvik and arrived there on 4 February. The vessel loaded 9,609 tons of iron ore and sailed for Philadelphia on 11 February reaching it on 7 March. At the time, this was the largest cargo of iron ore unloaded in Philadelphia from a single ship. Storstad then proceeded to Jacksonville where she took on 6,500 tons of phosphate rock on 17 March, then continued on to Savannah and loaded 8,071 bales of cotton and departed for Hamburg on 28 March. Upon return from Europe on 20 May 1911 the ship was chartered to transport iron ore and coal from Wabana and North Sydney to Montreal and other ports along St. Lawrence River through the end of navigational season in late November. In November 1911 the vessel was chartered for one trip to South America by the Barber Line. Storstad left New York on 3 December 1911 and arrived in Buenos Aires on 30 December, after a call at Montevideo. She then continued on to Rosario and from there sailed out back to New York. Upon arrival, the vessel was chartered by the Lamport & Holt Line for one trip to Manchester. Storstad loaded general cargo, including 1,900 bales of cotton and some food supplies, including cottonseed oil, lard and bacon, and left New York on 21 April 1912. The ship arrived in Liverpool on 4 May and upon discharging her cargo, sailed back to North America to resume her iron ore and coal trade in Canada. After the end of navigational season in December 1912, Storstad was chartered by Gans Steamship Line and sailed to Tampa Bay, loaded 3,213 tons of phosphate pebble and then sailed to Port Eads, arriving there on 20 December. The ship took on more cargo and then sailed for Antwerp arriving there on 22 January 1913. During her journey Storstad encountered some rough weather, and arrived in port with damage about her decks, including washed overboard portion of the deckload, and some deck equipment and covers. Her No. 5 hold was also full of water. The ship arrived in Philadelphia on 28 February with iron ore from Narvik and after unloading continued to Florida. Storstad loaded 5,600 tons of phosphate pebble on 19 March at Boca Grande, then continued to Galveston where she took on 13,097 bales of cotton and departed for Hamburg on 25 March. After finishing her European charter, the ship returned to her usual Canadian trade in May 1913. Upon fulfillment of her summer obligations, Storstad arrived at Norfolk on 20 December 1913 to load a cargo of grain bound for Italy. The vessel left on 26 December for Genoa, which she reached on 16 January 1914. On her return journey, the ship sailed via Roses and Lisbon and arrived at Philadelphia on 5 March with a cargo of cork. Upon unloading, Storstad sailed for Norfolk where she loaded 9,700 tons of coal plus 1,100 tons in bunkers and departed for Venice on 20 March. The vessel arrived in Italy on 10 April, and upon discharging her cargo departed for North Sydney arriving there on 12 May 1914. The vessel was chartered by the Dominion Coal Company to transport coal between North Sydney and Montreal for the duration of summer navigational season. Collision with RMS Empress of Ireland On 28 May 1914 at 16:27 , commanded by Captain Henry Kendall, departed from Quebec City with 1,057 passengers and 420 crew members on board bound for Liverpool. At around 01:30 on 29 May the liner, being just downstream of Rimouski came close to the shore to drop off her pilot near Father Point, and continued down the Saint Lawrence River. At the same time, Storstad who sailed from North Sydney to Quebec loaded with about 10,400 tons of coal on 26 May, was a short distance away down the river on her way to pick up the pilot. At around 01:38 a lookout on Empress of Ireland observed a ship off the starboard side about six miles east. Captain Kendall ordered to alter the course slightly in order to pass the oncoming ship starboard to starboard. As the course was changed, a thick fog bank rolled in and the liner was ordered Full Astern and three short blasts were given indicating she was reversing. Storstad replied with one long whistle which appeared to be coming from the starboard side. He then ordered Full Stop and gave two more blasts, informing the oncoming vessel that Empress of Ireland was dead in the water, Storstad, with First Officer Alfred Toftenes on duty, again responded with one long blast. The watch crew on Storstad initially observed the liner green light on their port side and assumed she would continue to hold her course and pass green-to-green. However, as the liner approached, the freighter's crew sighted the lights moving as if the oncoming ship was making a maneuver changing her course. First Officer Toftenes assumed the oncoming ship was trying to pass them red-to-red instead, and ordered a slight change of course to port and stopped the engines. Fearing the current would carry his ship into the liner's path he soon ordered the engines to be restarted. Around 01:55 Empress of Ireland crew suddenly saw Storstad appear out of the fog, heading directly for them. Moments later, Storstad and Empress of Ireland collided at around a 40° angle, with the much sturdier Storstad tearing a roughly 16-ft. wide gash in the liner's starboard side between her funnels and immediately shutting down the liner's engines. Captain Kendall, hoping to use Storstad as a plug, directed the freighter by megaphone to keep going Full Ahead, but due to her onward momentum and the strong current, Empress of Ireland kept slowly moving forward, while Storstad started drifting sideways and backwards, and the two vessels soon separated. As the ships moved apart, the water gushed in at a rate of about 60,000 gallons per second, quickly filling the liner, whose watertight doors were not closed. Fourteen minutes later, Empress of Ireland sank to the riverbed, taking 1,012 people down with her. Due to the rapidity of the sinking, only 7 lifeboats were lowered from the liner. Storstad stood by and assisted the survivors, lowering her own lifeboats and pulling 485 people from the ice cold waters of the river. Twenty of them later died from hypothermia on board the freighter. Another steamship, SS Lady Evelyn, came by later to help with the rescue and took the survivors to Rimouski. Storstad had her bow smashed in and twisted but managed to limp into the port of Montreal where she was detained. The Canadian Pacific Railway, which owned Empress of Ireland, filed a $2,000,000 lawsuit for damages against A. F. Klaveness & Co, the owners of Storstad. A. F. Klaveness & Co. could not pay the $2,000,000, resulting in the Storstad itself being awarded to the CPR as recompense. The CPR sold the Storstad to Prudential Trust, an insurance company acting on behalf of A. F. Klaveness & Co., for $175,000. Loss On 8 March 1917 during World War I, Storstad was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of the Fastnet Rock () by of the German Imperial Navy. Three crew members of Storstad were lost. Notes References Bibliothèque et Archives du Canada, RG 12, Transport, vol. 1245, dossier « Empress of Ireland » Dictionary of Disaster at Sea during the Age of Steam, page 667 Ship history, page 32, item 116 External links Empress of Ireland Norway-Heritage The Collision between the S/S Empress of Ireland and the S/S Storstad Ships built on the River Tyne 1910 ships World War I merchant ships of Norway Maritime incidents in April 1914 Steamships of Norway Merchant ships of Norway Maritime incidents in 1917 Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I Shipwrecks of Ireland World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth

4041034

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20a%20Car

In a Car

In a Car is the Meat Puppets' first recording. It was originally issued on L.A. art collective/record label World Imitation records as a 5-track 7" EP. It was recorded in Silver Lake studio in Los Angeles on June 4, 1981, with Ed Barger (who had engineered several early Devo singles). It was recorded in about 12 hours. In a Car was first re-issued as a 7" on SST Records in 1985 after the success of their early LPs. The EP was also included on an SST compilation cassette (and later CD) "The 7 Inch Wonders of the World." While the original EP contained only five tracks, six tracks were recorded at the session, including the song "Hair," written by fellow World Imitation band Monitor. It was released as a lone Meat Puppets track on the first Monitor LP on World Imitation records. It was not on any Meat Puppets release until Rykodisc issued the song as a bonus track (with the entire first EP and many outtakes) on the 1999 reissue of the first LP, Meat Puppets. Critical reception Trouser Press called the recording "shrieking thrash-punk and unrealized avant-guitar ambitions." Spin called it "tunefully abrasive." Track listing All songs written by Meat Puppets. "In a Car" – 1:21 "Big House" – 1:07 "Dolphin Field" – 1:09 "Out in the Gardener" – 1:04 "Foreign Lawns" – 0:37 References Meat Puppets albums 1981 EPs

4041043

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemospilia

Anemospilia

Anemospilia () is the archaeological site of an ancient Minoan temple on Crete. Geography The temple is located on the northern end of Mount Juktas. Modern Heraklion can be seen from the site. The site is in the country side near Arkhanes, about 7 kilometers from Knossos on the Island of Crete. It was on a hillside facing north towards the palace complexes of Knossos. Various factors made archaeologists conclude that it was a temple. The site is in the countryside, Anemospilia means 'caves of the wind'. It is in the foothills of Mount Juktas, the legendary burial place of Zeus. Archaeology Anemospilia was first excavated in 1979 by the Greek archaeologist Yannis Sakellarakis. The temple was destroyed by earthquake and fire around 1700 BC, about the same time as the destruction of the first palaces. The temple was found in a ruined state with stone walls only reaching hip height. Traces of ash and charcoal were found on the ground, and from this, one can postulate that the building was burnt down. Finds excavated from Anemospilia are at the Heraklion Archaeological Museum. The temple is set out with three chambers and one annex that leads into them, each chamber has something somewhat unusual about them inside it. East chamber In the east chamber, ruins of a stepped altar were found on the Southside of the room, and on it were many offerings. There were the remains of many vessels of pottery (pithoi) found on the floor, and traces of milk, honey, grains, and peas were found in the bottom of the jars. When the pottery vessels were reconstructed, the scene carved into some of the pottery shows a religious ritual. Annex In the annex, a body was found, whose bones were so smashed, especially the pelvic bones, that it was impossible for anyone to identify the gender of the body, showing that the corpse had a boulder or rock dropped onto it. Around the body were fragments of smashed pottery. The position of the body indicates that the person was running from the central chamber at the time of death. Central chamber In the central chamber, an altar of the south side of the room was found, made from the hewn rock of the sacred hillside. On it stood a pair of clay feet that had been the idol's base, as well as bits of burnt wood. The idol, or Xoanon (Greek for statue), would have been life-sized and predominantly made of wood, and the ash on the ground suggests that it was burned when the temple was. At the base of the altar were found the remains of more than 400 pottery vessels. Close to the Xoanon there was a mound, a piece of hillside rock, a symbol of the earth, which, along with the sea and the sky, the Minoans considered to be the eternal elements of the world. The sacred stone had been an important part in rituals, for over it libations were poured to the deity. Western chamber In the western chamber, two skeletons were found on the floor, one in the south west corner of the room This body was of a 28-year-old female. She could have been a high priestess of some sort. The other skeleton was that of a male, he was aged in his late thirties, and 183 cm (6 ft.) tall, and powerfully built, he was lying on his back with his hands covering his face, as if to protect it. The tall man had a ring made of iron and silver on the little finger of his left hand and on his wrist was an engraved seal of “exceptional artistic merit”, this would have obviously been very valuable. His legs were broken and his body was found near the centre of the room next to a platform, at the base of the platform was a trough. On top of the platform another body was found. This was a body of an 18-year-old male; he was found in the foetal position, lying on his right side. His legs were forced back so that his heels were almost touching his thigh, indicating that they were tied there. Amongst the bones was found an ornately engraved knife, it was 40 cm (16 in.) long and weighing more than 400g (14 oz.). Each side of the blade had an incised rendering of an animal head, the snout and tusks of a boar, ears like butterfly wings and slanted eyes like a fox. Debate over human sacrifice Although many still believe that there is substantial evidence for the site being used for the sacrificing of humans, some archaeologists follow the thinking of Dennis Hughes, who points out that the "knife" is actually much more like an ornate spear head that probably fell from the shelves above onto the body, and that there is no evidence at all for the platform that he lies on being an altar. According to Professor J. Leslie Fritton, in her book "Minoans" (pp. 104–5): "The evidence from Anemospilia seems clearly to indicate a human sacrifice, and modern unwillingness to suggest such practices must be left to one side." References Swindale, Ian "Anemospilia" Retrieved 11 February 2006 Further reading Sakellarakis, J. and E. Crete, Archanes (Guidebook) Sakellarakis, Yannis and Efi Sarpouna-Sakellaraki. Archanes: Minoan Crete in a New Light, Volume I. Ammos Publications, 1994. Myers, J. W., Myers, E. E. and Cadogan, G. "Archanes-Anemospilia" The Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete Hughes, D.D., Human Sacrifice in Ancient Greece (Routeledge, 1991) Steel, Luise, Time, Tradition, and Society in Greek Archaeology: Bridging the 'Great Divide''' (ed. Nigel Spencer), first publ. Routledge 1995, Dickinson, Oliver, The Aegean Bronze Age'', Cambridge University Press, 1994, External links http://www.minoancrete.com/anemospilia.htm Heraklion (regional unit) Minoan sites in Crete Temples in Greece

4041056

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kestros%20%28weapon%29

Kestros (weapon)

A kestros () or kestrophendone (), respectively Latinized as cestrus or cestrosphendone, is a specially designed sling that is used to throw a heavy dart. The dart would typically consist of a heavy metal point approximately long, attached to a shaft of wood, typically long, and fletched with feathers or similar materials to provide stability of flight. History The kestros is mentioned in the writings of Livy and Polybius. It seems to have been invented around 168 BC. and was employed by some of the Macedonian troops of king Perseus of Macedon during the Third Macedonian war. The description is quite confusing: The exact construction of the kestrosphendone remains somewhat mysterious. However, experimental reconstructions based on the available information have resulted in quite spectacular results. Nonetheless, the kestrosphendone did not stand the test of time and seems to have been abandoned quite quickly. The fundamental purpose of this weapon seems to have been to develop a sling shot with the penetrative power of a point. If so, then a lighter version of this weapon, the plumbata, persisted into late antiquity. In this weapon, the wooden shaft gave nearly the same mechanical advantage as a sling. In effect, each sling bolt came with a one-time sling. Another way of obtaining a one time sling was to fix a string to a slingstone made of lead. There is evidence for this variation at the Battle of Fucine Lake in 89 BC. References Throwing weapons Projectile weapons Ancient weapons Ancient Greek military terminology Ancient Greek military equipment

4041062

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98erban%20Ciochin%C4%83

Șerban Ciochină

Șerban Ciochină (born November 30, 1939 in Bucharest) is a retired Romanian triple jump athlete. He achieved 5th place at the 1964 Summer Olympics, and won the Romanian triple jump championship six years in a row from 1963 to 1968. He was also European Champion in Dortmund, Germany in 1966. References Şerban Ciochină 1939 births Living people Sportspeople from Bucharest Romanian male triple jumpers Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes of Romania

4041064

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube%20house

Cube house

Cube houses () are a set of innovative houses built in Helmond and Rotterdam in the Netherlands, designed by architect Piet Blom and based on the concept of "living as an urban roof": high density housing with sufficient space on the ground level, since its main purpose is to optimise the space inside. Blom tilted the cube of a conventional house corner upwards, and rested it upon a hexagon-shaped pylon. His design represents a village within a city, where each house represents a tree, and all the houses together, a forest. The central idea of the cube houses around the world is mainly optimizing the space, as a house, to a better distribution of the rooms inside. Helmond In 1972 Piet Blom was assigned to fill in an empty site in the city center of Helmond, with a meeting center. Blom proposed a plan that intertwined the special with the ordinary, cultural facilities with houses, a theater amidst 188 houses. After the underground parking garage was taken out of the plans, the forest was reduced to 60 houses. But the city council wasn't convinced. Then Minister Hans Gruijters, born in Helmond, subsidised the building of 3 test houses in the Wilhelminalaan in 1974. The project also received the national status of 'Experimental Housing', which helped to realise Theater 't Speelhuis () with a forecourt surrounded by 18 cube houses, at the Piet Blomplein, in 1977. The theatre burned down on December 29, 2011. The two damaged cube houses were restored in 2013/2014. Rotterdam The houses in Rotterdam are located on Overblaak Street, right above the Blaak metro station. The 1977 original plan showed 55 houses, but not all of them were built. There are 38 small cubes and two so called 'super-cubes', all attached to each other. As residents are disturbed so often by curious passers-by, one owner decided to open a "show cube", which is furnished as a normal house, and is making a living out of offering tours to visitors. The houses contain three floors: ground floor entrance first floor with living room and open kitchen second floor with two bedrooms and bathroom top floor which is sometimes used as a small garden The walls and windows are angled at 54.7 degrees. The total area of the apartment is around , but around a quarter of the space is unusable because of the walls that are under the angled ceilings. In 2006, a museum of chess pieces was opened under the houses. In 2009, the larger cubes were converted by Personal Architecture into a hostel run by Dutch hostel chain Stayokay. In 2019, the Art cube opened at Overblaak 30. The Art cube is a place where art and architecture come together. With the original living layout intact, this cube house forms the backdrop for the work of various local artists. Toronto In 1996 a cluster of three cubes was built along Eastern Avenue Architect Ben Kutner and partner Jeff Brown were inspired by the original cube houses and had planned to replicate the Rotterdam design on unusable patches of land. However, only three individual houses were built. In 2018, the land was sold for redevelopment with hopes the structures themselves could be saved and moved elsewhere. In 2021, an application was submitted to the city to redevelop into a "35-storey mixed-use building atop a podium element". References External links Cubic houses Rotterdam Buildings and structures in Rotterdam House styles Tourist attractions in Rotterdam Hostels nl:Kubuswoningen (Rotterdam)

4041067

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diba

Diba

Diba may refer to: Textiles Diba, a fabric, damascened silk brocade Diba, a pointed hat of the Kabiri of New Guinea Places Diba, a neighborhood in Plumtree, Zimbabwe Abu Dhiba, a village in western Saudi Arabia Ra's Diba, a cape in United Arab Emirates People Diba (surname) Diba Chandra Hrangkhawl, politician from Tripura, India See also Dibba

4041070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Pests%20campaign

Four Pests campaign

The Four Pests campaign (), was one of the first actions taken in the Great Leap Forward in China from 1958 to 1962. The four pests to be eliminated were rats, flies, mosquitoes, and sparrows. The extermination of sparrows is also known as the smash sparrows campaign () or eliminate sparrows campaign (), which resulted in severe ecological imbalance, being one of the causes of the Great Chinese Famine. In 1960, the campaign against sparrows was ended and redirected to bed bugs. Campaign The "Four Pests" campaign was introduced in 1958 as a hygiene campaign aimed to eradicate the pests responsible for the transmission of pestilence and disease: the mosquitos responsible for malaria the rodents that spread the plague the pervasive airborne flies the sparrows—specifically the Eurasian tree sparrow—which ate grain seed and fruit Sparrows Sparrows were suspected of consuming approximately 2 kg (4 pounds) of grain per sparrow per year. Sparrow nests were destroyed, eggs were broken, and chicks were killed. Millions of people organized into groups, and hit noisy pots and pans to prevent sparrows from resting in their nests, with the goal of causing them to drop dead from exhaustion. In addition to these tactics, citizens also simply shot the birds down from the sky. The campaign depleted the sparrow population, pushing it to near extinction within China. Some sparrows found a refuge in the extraterritorial premises of various diplomatic missions in China. The personnel of the Polish embassy in Beijing denied the Chinese request of entering the premises of the embassy to scare away the sparrows who were hiding there and as a result the embassy was surrounded by people with drums. After two days of constant drumming, the Poles had to use shovels to clear the embassy of dead sparrows. Effects By April 1960, Chinese leaders changed their opinion in part due to the influence of ornithologist Tso-hsin Cheng who pointed out that sparrows ate a large number of insects, as well as grains. While the campaign was meant to increase yields, concurrent droughts and floods as well as the lacking sparrow population decreased rice yields. In the same month, Mao Zedong ordered the campaign against sparrows to end. Sparrows were replaced with bed bugs, as the extermination of sparrows had upset the ecological balance, which subsequently resulted in surging locust and insect populations that destroyed crops due to a lack of a natural predator. With no sparrows to eat them, locust populations ballooned, swarming the country and compounding the ecological problems already caused by the Great Leap Forward, including widespread deforestation and misuse of poisons and pesticides. Ecological imbalance is credited with exacerbating the Great Chinese Famine. The Chinese government eventually resorted to importing 250,000 sparrows from the Soviet Union to replenish their population. See also Emu War Tax on trees List of campaigns of the Communist Party of China References External links PBS series The People's Century – 1949: The Great Leap China follows Mao with mass cull (BBC) Catastrophic Miscaculations 1958 in China 1962 in China 1958 in the environment Campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party Environmental disasters in China Great Leap Forward Pest control campaigns

4041075

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upland%20Brewing%20Company

Upland Brewing Company

Upland Brewing Company is a brewery in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. Founded in 1997, it is the third largest brewery in the state, with six locations across central Indiana, and makes over 80 beers a year, including ales, lagers, and sour beers. History Upland Brewing Company was founded in 1997 by Marc Sattinger, Russ Levitt and Dean LaPlante. The brewery takes its name from the Indiana Uplands, a geographic region of southern Indiana, with Bloomington being near their northern terminus. In 1998, distribution of bottles and kegs began and the brewpub opened its doors. The first beers on tap were the Wheat Ale, Pale Ale, and Bad Elmer's Porter. The brewpub began serving food the following year. Growing to be a Central Indiana staple, by 2004 its distribution had reached all 92 counties of Indiana. In 2006, ownership changed hands to a group of local investors remains 100% family owned. By 2010, distribution had expanded to include ales and lagers throughout Indiana and in parts of Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, and Wisconsin with small batch sour ales selling only through its tap room. In 2016, Upland began limited distribution nationally after adding a wood-aged sour beer production facility and is currently distributing in 20+ markets across the country. In 2009 a 2nd location known as the Indy Tasting Room opened in Indianapolis in the Meridian-Kessler/south Broad Ripple neighborhood. In 2012, a new brewing facility and bar was opened on the west side of Bloomington. This 37,000 square foot facility became the primary brewing facility for Upland, encompassing their everyday and seasonal lineup. The old brewery on 11th Street was scaled down to become a research and development site for Upland's growing Belgian-style sour and wild ale program. Also in 2012, Upland obtained the rights to Champagne Velvet, a pre-prohibition pilsener originally made by Terre Haute Brewing Co in 1902, and began brewing and distributing the classic brew under the Upland name. In 2013, Upland expanded further north with the addition of the Carmel Tap House, their second site to serve food. In the summer of 2016, Upland opened a new restaurant location in Columbus. It is fixed in the old Columbus Pump House building downtown, giving it the name "The Pump House". Later that same year, Upland opened The Wood Shop to serve as the home for their sour ale production, located next door to the Bloomington Brewpub. The Indy Tasting Room was renovated in 2018 and in 2019 saw a restaurant added on. The expanded space became known as 'Upland College Ave' due to its location at 49th & College Avenue. Upland's seventh location and fifth restaurant is set to open in mid-2019 in the Fountain Square neighborhood and will be known as 'Upland FSQ'. Sours Upland Brewing has been a sour producer for over 10 years. After trading a few cases of beer for a few wine barrels from Oliver Winery in 2006, they began their exploration into sour brewing. The Wood Shop, a brewery and taproom dedicated to sour ales, was opened in 2016. Sour Wild Funk Fest is Upland's annual festival which takes place in Indianapolis every spring. Featuring approximately 50 breweries from across the world. Since 2017 the festival has been held at the Mavris Arts & Event Center. Beers Upland Brewing Company has a year-round lineup of beers as well as several limited and seasonal releases. Everyday beers include: Upland Wheat Ale Dragonfly India Pale Ale Champagne Velvet Pre-Prohibition Pilsener Bad Elmer's Porter Campside Pale Ale Juiced in Time Hazy IPA Hard Seltzer: Naked Barrel Cherry Lime Naked Barrel Grapefruit Hibiscus Naked Barrel Tangerine Seasonal brews include: Petal To The Kettle Sour Ale Two of Tarts Gose Modern Tart Kettle Sour Ale Tropical Vortex Southern Hemisphere IPA Patio Cat Hazy Guava Summer Ale Oktoberfest Teddy Bear Kisses Variants Teddy Bear Kisses Russian Imperial Stout Limited releases include: Syrupticious Breaking Away Juiced My Style Imperial IPA Coastbuster Imperial IPA Sound Bite Juicy Pale Ale Barrel Chested Barleywine See also Beer in the United States List of breweries in Indiana References Companies based in Indiana Beer brewing companies based in Indiana 1997 establishments in Indiana American companies established in 1997 Bloomington, Indiana

4041101

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20depressive%20episode

Major depressive episode

A major depressive episode (MDE) is a period characterized by the symptoms of major depressive disorder. Those affected primarily have a depressed mood for at least two weeks or more, and a loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities. Other symptoms include feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, anxiety, worthlessness, guilt, irritability, changes in appetite, problems concentrating, remembering details or making decisions, and thoughts of suicide. Insomnia or hypersomnia, aches, pains, or digestive problems that are resistant to treatment may also be present. The description has been formalized in psychiatric diagnostic criteria such as the DSM-5 and ICD-10. Although the exact origin of depression is still not clear, it is believed to involve biological, psychological, and social aspects. Factors like socioeconomic status, life experience, genetics, and personality tendencies play a role in the development of depression and may represent increases in risk for developing a major depressive episode. There are many theories as to how depression occurs. One interpretation is that neurotransmitters in the brain are out of balance, resulting in feelings of worthlessness and despair. Magnetic resonance imaging shows that brains of people who have depression look different than the brains of people not exhibiting signs of depression. A family history of depression increases the chance of being diagnosed. Emotional pain and economic costs are associated with depression. In the United States and Canada, the costs associated with major depression are comparable to those related to heart disease, diabetes, and back problems and are greater than the costs of hypertension. According to the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, there is a direct correlation between a major depressive episode and unemployment. Treatments for a major depressive episode include psychotherapy and antidepressants, although in more serious cases, hospitalization or intensive outpatient treatment may be required. Signs and symptoms The criteria below are based on the formal DSM-V criteria for a major depressive episode. A diagnosis of a major depressive episode requires the patient to have experienced five or more of the symptoms below, one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure (although both are frequently present). These symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks and represent a change from the patient's normal behavior. Depressed mood and loss of interest (anhedonia) Either a depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure must be presented for the diagnosis of a major depressive episode. Depressed mood is the most common symptom seen in major depressive episodes. Interest or pleasure in everyday activities can be decreased; this is referred to as anhedonia. These feelings must be presented on an everyday basis for two weeks or longer to meet DSM-V criteria for a major depressive episode. In addition, the person may experience one or more of the following emotions: sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, indifference, anxiety, tearfulness, pessimism, emotional numbness, or irritability. In children and adolescents, a depressed mood often appears more irritable in nature. There may be a loss of interest in or desire for sex, or other activities once found to be pleasant. Friends and family of the depressed person may notice that they have withdrawn from friends, neglected, or quit doing activities that were once a source of enjoyment. Sleep Major depressive episode are known to cause sleep disturbance such as hypersomnia, which causes excessive sleep patterns or sleep deprivation, like insomnia. Insomnia is the most common type of sleep disturbance for people who are clinically depressed. Symptoms of insomnia include trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning. The most common symptom of insomnia is waking up in the middle of the night and having trouble falling back asleep. Hypersomnia is a less common type of sleep disturbance. It may include sleeping for prolonged periods at night and into the morning or increased sleeping during the daytime. The sleep may not be restful, and the person may feel sluggish despite many hours of sleep, which may amplify their depressive symptoms and interfere with other aspects of their lives. This type of sleep disorder may make it hard for a person to fall and stay asleep at night versus during the day. Hypersomnia is often associated with an atypical depression, as well as seasonal affective disorder. Feelings of guilt or worthlessness Depressed people may have feelings of guilt that go beyond a normal level or are delusional. These feelings of guilt and/or worthlessness are excessive and imagined. Major depressive episodes are notable for a significant, often inexplicable, drop in self-esteem. The guilt and worthlessness experienced in a major depressive episode can range from subtle feelings of guilt to frank delusions or to shame and humiliation. Additionally, self-loathing is common in clinical depression, and can lead to a downward spiral when combined with other symptoms. A lot of people with depression have distorted thought patterns, and genuinely believe that they're not good for anything or anyone. They tend to have severe self-esteem issues and don't recognize their value as a human being. They also begin to feel as though their life has no meaning or purpose. Loss of energy Individuals going through a major depressive episode often have a general lack of energy, as well as fatigue and tiredness, nearly every day for at least 2 weeks. A person may feel tired without having engaged in any physical activity, and day-to-day tasks become increasingly difficult. It becomes very difficult for someone with depression to get things done during the day. Even small tasks, like showering, become exhausting, causing a lot of people with depression to stop taking care of themselves entirely. Decreased concentration Nearly every day, the person may be indecisive or have trouble thinking or concentrating. These issues cause significant difficulty in functioning for those involved in intellectually demanding activities, such as school and work, especially in difficult fields. Depressed people often describe a slowing of thought, inability to concentrate and make decisions, and being easily distracted. In the elderly, the decreased concentration caused by a major depressive episode may present as deficits in memory. This is referred to as pseudodementia and often goes away with treatment. Decreased concentration may be reported by the patient or observed by others. Since depression makes it more difficult to stay concentrated, a lot of people will notice that they aren't doing well in school or at their job, which makes their depression even worse. Change in eating, appetite, or weight In a major depressive episode, appetite is most often decreased, although a small percentage of people experience an increase in appetite. A person experiencing a depressive episode may have a marked loss or gain of weight (5% of their body weight in one month). A decrease in appetite may result in unintentional weight loss, or when a person is not dieting. Feelings of low self-worth make them not desire to eat anymore. Some people experience an increase in appetite and may gain significant amounts of weight. They may crave certain types of food, such as sweets or carbohydrates. Low self-worth in this instance can lead to self-soothing through eating. In children, failure to make expected weight gains may be counted towards this criteria. Overeating is often associated with atypical depression. When people have depression, they usually will stop taking care of their bodies and "wither away." Lack of a healthy eating habit is a tell-tale sign of classic depression. Motor activity Nearly every day, others may see that the person's activity level is not normal. They might notice that the person takes longer to complete simple tasks, or that they're doing a lot at once. People with depression may be overly active (psychomotor agitation) or be very lethargic (psychomotor retardation). Psychomotor agitation is marked by an increase in body activity, which may result in restlessness, an inability to sit still, pacing, hand wringing, or fidgeting with clothes or objects. This could also be linked to anxiety, since depression and anxiety are often seen together. Psychomotor retardation results in a decrease in body activity or thinking. In this case, a depressed person may demonstrate a slowing of thinking, speaking, or body movement. They may speak more softly or say less than usual. This is because they don't have the energy to expend as a normal person would. To meet diagnostic criteria, changes in motor activity must be so abnormal that it can be observed by others. Personal reports of feeling restless or feeling slow do not count towards the diagnostic criteria. Thoughts of death and suicide A person going through a major depressive episode may have repeated thoughts about death (other than the fear of dying) or suicide (with or without a plan), or may have made a suicide attempt. Suicidal ideation can be common amongst victims of depression, which is where a person often thinks about not being alive anymore, but they don't yet have a plan to carry out. The frequency and intensity of thoughts about suicide can range from believing that friends and family would be better off if one were dead, to frequent thoughts about committing suicide (generally related to wishing to stop the emotional pain), to detailed plans about how the suicide would be carried out. Those who are more severely suicidal may have made specific plans and decided upon a day and location for the suicide attempt. When this happens, they often keep to themselves about it, and may do it when and where they think no one would suspect. Comorbid disorders Major depressive episodes may show comorbidity (association) with other physical and mental health problems. About 20–25% of individuals with a chronic general medical condition will develop major depression. Common comorbid disorders include: eating disorders, substance-related disorders, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Up to 25% of people who experience a major depressive episode have a pre-existing dysthymic disorder. Some persons who have a fatal illness or are at the end of their life may experience depression, although this is not universal. Causes The cause of a major depressive episode is not well understood. This is because there are usually many factors that play into a person's depression. The mechanism is believed to be a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. A major depressive episode can often follow an acute stress in someone's life, such as the death of a loved one or being fired from a job. Evidence suggests that psychosocial stressors play a larger role in the first 1-2 depressive episodes, while having less influence in later episodes. People who experience a major depressive episode often have other mental health issues. Other risk factors for a depressive episode include: Family history of a mood disorder Recent negative life events Personality (insecure, worried, stress-sensitive, obsessive, unassertive, dependent) Early childhood trauma Postpartum Lack of interpersonal relationships Studies show that depression can be passed down in families, but this is believed to be due to a combined effect of genetic and environmental factors. Other medical conditions, like hypothyroidism for example, may cause people to experience similar symptoms as a major depressive episode, however this would be considered as a mood disorder due to a general medical condition, according to the DSM-V. For some people, depression runs in their family, and so it's likely that the depression will be passed down to them. For other people, depression might be completely environmental. It could also be a mix of both. Diagnosis Criteria The two main symptoms of a major depressive episode are a depressed mood and a loss of interest or pleasure. From the list below, one bold symptom and four other symptoms must be presented for at least 2 weeks for a diagnosis of a major depressive episode. These symptoms must be causing significant distress or impairment in functioning. Depressed mood Loss of interest or pleasure Change in appetite Change in sleep Change in body activity (psychomotor changes) Loss of energy Feelings of worthlessness and excessive or inappropriate guilt Indecisiveness, confusion, or a decrease in concentration Suicidal ideation To diagnose a major depressive episode, a trained healthcare provider must make sure that: The symptoms do not meet the criteria for a mixed episode. The symptoms must cause considerable distress or impair functioning at work, in social settings, or in other important areas in order to qualify as an episode. The symptoms are not due to any direct physiological effect of a substance (e.g., abuse of a drug or medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., hypothyroidism). Workup No labs are diagnostic of a depressive episode. But some labs can help rule out general medical conditions that may mimic the symptoms of a depressive episode. Healthcare providers may order some routine blood work, including routine blood chemistry, CBC with differential, thyroid function studies, and Vitamin B12 levels, before making a diagnosis. Differential diagnosis There are other mental health disorders or medical conditions to consider before diagnosing a major depressive episode: A doctor or psychiatrist should consider these options before making a definitive diagnosis, in order to avoid misdiagnosing a patient. Bipolar disorder Cyclothymic disorder Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Persistent depressive disorder Anxiety disorder (Generalized anxiety, PTSD, obsessive-compulsive disorder) Substance abuse or Substance Use Disorder Personality disorder with depressive symptoms Adjustment disorder Gender dysphoria Depression due to a general medical condition Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Screening Healthcare providers may screen patients in the general population for depression using a screening tool, such as the Patient Healthcare Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). If the PHQ-2 screening is positive for depression, a provider may then administer the PHQ-9. The Geriatric Depression Scale is a screening tool that can be used in the elderly population. Treatment Depression is a treatable illness. Treatments for a major depressive episode may be provided by mental health specialists (i.e. psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, etc.), mental health centers or organizations, hospitals, outpatient clinics, social service agencies, private clinics, peer support groups, clergy, and employee assistance programs. The treatment plan could include psychotherapy alone, antidepressant medications alone, or a combination of medication and psychotherapy. For major depressive episodes of severe intensity (multiple symptoms, minimal mood reactivity, severe functional impairment), combined psychotherapy and antidepressant medications are more effective than psychotherapy alone. Meta-analyses suggest that the combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medications is more effective in treating mild and moderate forms of depression as well, compared to either type of treatment alone. Patients with severe symptoms may require outpatient treatment or hospitalization. The treatment of a major depressive episode can be split into 3 phases: Acute phase: the goal of this phase is to resolve the current major depressive episode Continuation: this phase continues the same treatment from the acute phase for 4–8 months after the depressive episode has resolved and the goal is to prevent relapse Maintenance: this phase is not necessary for every patient but is often used for patients who have experienced 2–3 or more major depressive episodes. Treatment may be maintained indefinitely to prevent the occurrence and severity of future episodes. Therapy Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, counseling, or psychosocial therapy, is characterized by a patient talking about their condition and mental health issues with a trained therapist. Therapy alone has been proven to benefit people who are struggling with various mental illnesses. Different types of psychotherapy are used as a treatment for depression. These include cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness techniques. Evidence shows that cognitive behavioral therapy can be as effective as medication in the treatment of a major depressive episode. Psychotherapy may be the first treatment used for mild to moderate depression, especially when psychosocial stressors are playing a large role. Psychotherapy alone may not be as effective for more severe forms of depression, such as depression where there's a chemical imbalance in the brain. Some of the main forms of psychotherapies used for treatment of a major depressive episode, along with what makes them unique are included below: Cognitive psychotherapy: focus on patterns of thinking Interpersonal psychotherapy: focus on relationships, losses, and conflict resolution Problem-solving psychotherapy: focus on situations and strategies for problem-solving Psychodynamic psychotherapy: focus on defense mechanisms and coping strategies Medication Medications used to treat depression include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and atypical antidepressants such as mirtazapine, which do not fit neatly into any of the other categories. Different antidepressants work better for different individuals, it simply comes down to the person and what they prefer. It is often necessary to try several before finding one that works best for a specific patient. Some people may find it necessary to combine medications, which could mean two antidepressants or an antipsychotic medication in addition to an antidepressant. If a person's close relative has responded well to a certain medication, that treatment will likely work well for him or her. For example, if the depression is familial and the person's mother is prescribed an SSRI, then the same SSRI will most likely benefit the person as well. Antidepressant medications are effective in the acute, continuation, and maintenance phases of treatment, as described above. The treatment benefits of antidepressant medications are often not seen until 1–2 weeks into treatment, with maximum benefits being reached around 4–6 weeks. It is likely that the person will actually experience more negative side effects during the first week or two, and want to stop taking their medication. However, it is crucial that they push through until the 4-6 week mark to know for sure how they feel about it. Most healthcare providers will monitor patients more closely during the acute phase of treatment and continue to monitor at longer intervals in the continuation and maintenance phases. Sometimes, people stop taking antidepressant medications due to side effects, although side effects often become less severe over time. Suddenly stopping treatment or missing several doses may cause withdrawal-like symptoms. Some studies have shown that antidepressants may increase short-term suicidal thoughts or actions, especially in children, adolescents, and young adults. However, antidepressants are more likely to reduce a person's risk of suicide in the long run. Below are listed the main classes of antidepressant medications, some of the most common drugs in each category, and their major side effects: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline): major side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction or anorgasmia Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine): major side effects include nausea, diarrhea, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and tremor Tricyclic antidepressants (amitryptiline, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline): major side effects include sedation, low blood pressure when moving from sitting to standing (orthostatic hypotension), tremor, and heart issues like conduction delays or arrhythmias Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (isocarboxazid, phenelzine, selegiline): major side effects include high blood pressure (emergency) if eaten with foods rich in tyramine (e.g. cheeses, some meats, and home-brewed beer), sedation, tremor, and orthostatic hypotension Alternative treatments There are several treatment options that exist for people who have experienced several episodes of major depression or have not responded to several treatments. Electroconvulsive therapy is a treatment in which a generalized seizure is induced by means of electrical current. The mechanism of action of the treatment is not clearly understood but has been shown to be most effective in the most severely depressed patients. For this reason, electroconvulsive therapy is preferred for the most severe forms of depression or depression that has not responded to other treatments, known as refractory depression. Vagus nerve stimulation is another alternative treatment that has been proven to be effective in the treatment of depression, especially people that have been resistant to four or more treatments. Some of the unique benefits of vagus nerve stimulation include improved neurocognitive function and a sustained clinical response. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is also an alternative treatment for a major depressive episode. It is a non-invasive treatment that is easily tolerated and shows an antidepressant effect, especially in more typical depression and younger adults. Prognosis If left untreated, a typical major depressive episode may last for several months. About 20% of these episodes can last two years or more. About half of depressive episodes end spontaneously. However, even after the major depressive episode is over, 20% to 30% of patients have residual symptoms, which can be distressing and associated with disability. Fifty percent of people will have another major depressive episode after the first. However, the risk of relapse is decreased by taking antidepressant medications for more than 6 months. Symptoms completely improve in six to eight weeks in sixty to seventy percent of patients. The combination of therapy and antidepressant medications has been shown to improve resolution of symptoms and outcomes of treatment. Suicide is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States. The risk of suicide is increased during a major depressive episode. However, the risk is even more elevated during the first two phases of treatment. There are several factors associated with an increased risk of suicide, listed below: Greater than 45 years of age Male History of suicide attempt or self-injurious behaviors Family history of suicide or mental illness Recent severe loss Poor health Detailed plan Inability to accept help Lack of social support Psychotic features (auditory or visual hallucinations, disorganization of speech, behavior, or thought) Alcohol or drug use or comorbid psychiatric disorder Severe depression Epidemiology Estimates of the numbers of people with major depressive episodes and major depressive disorder (MDD) vary significantly. Overall, 13-20% of people will experience significant depressive symptoms at some point in their life. The overall prevalence of MDD is slightly lower ranging from 3.7 to 6.7% of people. In their lifetime, 20% to 25% of women, and 7% to 12% of men will have a major depressive episode. The peak period of development is between the ages of 25 and 44 years. Onset of major depressive episodes or MDD often occurs to people in their mid-20s, and less often to those over 65. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly is around 1-2%. Elderly persons in nursing homes may have increased rates, up to 15-25%. African-Americans have higher rates of depressive symptoms compared to other races. Prepubescent girls are affected at a slightly higher rate than prepubescent boys. In a National Institute of Mental Health study, researchers found that more than 40% of people with post-traumatic stress disorder had depression four months after the traumatic event they experienced. Women who have recently given birth may be at increased risk for having a major depressive episode. This is referred to as postpartum depression and is a different health condition than the baby blues, a low mood that resolves within 10 days after delivery. See also Depression (differential diagnoses) Depressive personality disorder Major depressive disorder Mental breakdown Sources Dunn, Eric C.; Wang, Min-Jung; Perlis, Roy H. (2019) Chapter 1. A Summary of Recent Updates on the Genetic Determinants of Depression p. 3 left column Major Depressive Disorder by Roger S McIntyre, Carola Rong, Mehala Subramaniapillai Elsevier Retrieved 23 January 2021 Costandi, Moheb (24 July 2015) Two genetic variants linked to depression doi:10.1038/nmiddleeast.2015.122 nature middle east Springer Nature Limited Retrieved 23 January 2021 Drs; Notes External links Depression information from the National Institutes of Health Bipolar disorder Depression (mood) Major depressive disorder Mood disorders

4041157

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine%20aponeurosis

Palatine aponeurosis

Attached to the posterior border of the hard palate is a thin, firm, fibrous lamella called the palatine aponeurosis, which supports the muscles and gives strength to the soft palate. It is thicker above and narrows on the way down where it becomes very thin and difficult to define. Laterally, it is continuous with the pharyngeal aponeurosis. It serves as the insertion for the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini, and the origin for the musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and palatoglossus. It provides support for the soft palate. See also Aponeurosis References Human head and neck

4041163

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Head%20Raddall

Thomas Head Raddall

Thomas Head Raddall (13 November 1903 – 1 April 1994) was a Canadian writer of history and historical fiction. Early life Raddall was born in Hythe, Kent, England in 1903, the son of an Army officer, also named Thomas Head Raddall, and Ellen (née Gifford) Raddall. In 1913 the family moved to Nova Scotia, where his father had taken a training position with the Canadian Militia. The elder Raddall then saw active service during the First World War and was killed in action at Amiens in August 1918. Raddall attended Chebucto School in Halifax until 6 December 1917, when the school was converted into a temporary morgue in the wake of the Halifax Explosion. The Raddall family survived the explosion and Raddall wrote about it in his memoirs, In My Time. At the age of fifteen, Raddall trained at the Canadian School of Telegraphy in Halifax and shortly thereafter started working at the age of 18 as a marine telegraph operator for the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company. Raddall's first job was as a wireless operator on seagoing ships, including the CS Mackay-Bennett, and stationed on land at Camperdown Signal Station and at isolated wireless posts such as Sable Island. He later took a job as a clerk at a pulp and paper mill in Liverpool, Nova Scotia, where he began his writing career. There, Raddall came in contact with the master American swindler and fugitive from justice, Leo Koretz, who was using the alias, Lou Keyte. Career as a writer Raddall was a prolific, award-winning writer. He received Governor General's Awards for three of his books, The Pied Piper of Dipper Creek (1943), Halifax, Warden of the North (1948) and The Path of Destiny (1957). He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1971. Raddall is best known for his historical fiction, but he also published numerous non-fictional historical works. His interest in historical research grew when he was stationed at historical locations as a wireless operator, and he received crucial encouragement and assistance from Harry Piers, Curator of the Nova Scotia Museum, who became his mentor. Raddall's early works included studies of privateering, civic and marine history, and Canada during the War of 1812. His history of Halifax, Warden of the North, remains influential. Historical preservation and restoration Raddall worked with the Queens County Historical Society, the Historic Sites Advisory Council of Nova Scotia, and the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. He played a role in preserving the diary of Simeon Perkins, an early colonial document published in three volumes (the fourth has yet to be published) between 1948 and 1978 by the Champlain Society, and edited by Harold Innis, D. C. Harvey and C. B. Ferguson. Raddall helped to restore and preserve Perkins House Museum, a colonial house built by Simeon Perkins that is now a part of the Nova Scotia Museum system. Legacy An exact replica of Raddall's study, furnished with his possessions, is on view at the Thomas Raddall Research Centre, administered by the Queens County Historical Society, of which Raddall was a founding member in 1929. His correspondence is housed at the Dalhousie University Archives, which also runs the Thomas Raddall Electronic Archive Project, currently digitizing his published and unpublished writings. The Thomas Head Raddall Award is a literary award administered for the best work of adult fiction published in the previous year by a writer from Canada's Atlantic provinces. The Thomas Raddall Provincial Park is a park in Nova Scotia named for Raddall. Bibliography At the Tide's Turn and Other Stories The Cape Breton Giant and Other Writings Courage in the Storm The Dreamers The Governor's Lady - 1960 Footsteps on Old Floors: True Tales of Mystery - 1968 Halifax, Warden of the North - 1948; revised edition - 1971 Hangman's Beach His Majesty's Yankees - 1942 In My Time: A Memoir - 1976 The Markland Sagas, With a Discussion of Their Relation to Nova Scotia The Mersey Story A Muster of Arms and Other Stories The Nymph and the Lamp - 1950 Path of Destiny: Canada From the British Conquest to Home Rule - 1957 A Pictorial Guide to Historic Nova Scotia, Featuring Louisbourg, Peggy's Cove, Sable Island The Pied Piper of Dipper Creek and Other Tales Pride's Fancy - 1948 Roger Sudden - 1946 The Rover: The Story of a Canadian Privateer - 1958 The Saga of the "Rover" Son of the Hawk - 1950 Tambour and Other Stories This Is Nova Scotia, Canada's Ocean Playground Tidefall - 1953 The Wedding Gift and Other Stories , in Kanadische Erzähler der Gegenwart. Hgg. Armin Arnold, Walter E. Riedel. Manesse, Zürich 1967, 1986, p 11 – 38 West Novas: A History of the West Nova Scotia Regiment The Wings of Night - 1957 References External links Thomas Raddall Electronic Archive Project 1903 births 1994 deaths Canadian historical novelists Canadian male novelists Members of the United Church of Canada Writers from Nova Scotia Officers of the Order of Canada British emigrants to Canada People from Hythe, Kent People from Queens County, Nova Scotia Governor General's Award-winning fiction writers Governor General's Award-winning non-fiction writers 20th-century Canadian novelists 20th-century Canadian historians 20th-century Canadian male writers Canadian male non-fiction writers

4041173

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuljeet%20Randhawa

Kuljeet Randhawa

Kuljeet Randhawa (29 January 1976 – 8 February 2006) was an Indian model and actress. She is best known for her work in TV series C.A.T.S., Special Squad and Kohinoor. Early life and career Randhawa was born on 29 January 1976 in Raniganj, Asansol, West Bengal. Her father served in the Indian police, which enabled Kuljeet to travel across India including Patiala, Punjab where her father was serving at the time of her suicide. She began modelling as a student, and her work included several ads and runway shows for major designers. She earned her Honours in Psychology from Delhi University. Randhawa began her career starring in Hip Hip Hurray replacing Shweta Salve as 'Prishita'. Her performance was appreciated but she came into the spotlight when she was signed as the new lead in UTV show C.A.T.S. where she again replaced an actress Karminder Kaur. The TV series, starring Nafisa Joseph and Malini Sharma, became popular but remained slow on the ratings front. Randhawa was highly appreciated for her part as detective 'Ash'. Following the end of the series, Kuljeet continued to appear in many TV shows in cameos and also featured in modelling assignments. Randhawa saw a huge success as a model but was completely choosy when it comes to acting. After C.A.T.S. she was not seen in a lead role and after a long gap she returned in a lead role in Star One's Special Squad Star One. Randhawa was not happy with the content being portrayed on Indian Television where actresses were mostly crying. She always opted for bold and strong women centric roles which is why she got typecast in thriller roles. Randhawa played a cop/detective in more than five TV shows which was a record for any Indian Television actress and a unique one which no actress could follow successfully. Her performance was very well received in Special Squad but in order to increase the ratings, Gauri Pradhan Tejwani was signed as another female lead in the show. After six episodes, Kuljeet quit the show citing professional decisions however it was indicated that Kuljeet left the show because of Gauri which she declined later. Right after she quit Special Squad, Randhawa was signed to play 'Irawati Kohli' in Cinevistaas and Sahara One Production 'Kohinoor'. In an exclusive chat transcript, Randhawa revealed details about the show, Special Squad, Nafisa Joseph and more about herself. The season one of Kohinoor was well received by the audience and the makers were planning another season but it didn't materialize after Randhawa committed suicide in 2006. Filmography Ghar Jamai (1997) Zee TV as Subramanium/Subbu Friend (guest Role only in episode 64) Hip Hip Hurray  — Zee TV (Role — Prishita) from Episode 54 to 86. C.A.T.S. - Sony TV (Lead Role — Ash) Rishtey — Zee TV Episode 157 Aahat as Anita (Episodic role in Season 1 Episode 258 ) Sarhadein — Zee TV (Cameo) as Sheena from Episode 57 to 86 Gubbare :- (Zee TV) Episode 21 Kyun Hota Hai Pyaar — Star Plus (Cameo) Kehta Hai Dil — Star Plus (Cameo) Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan—Star Plus (Supporting Role) Kambhkht Ishq — Zee TV (Cameo) Special Squad  — Star One (Lead Role — Shaina Singh) Kohinoor  — Sahara One (Lead Role — Irawati Kohli) Besides acting, Randhawa worked on a number of modelling assignments for brands like Reid and Taylor, Recova, Maggi, and Anchor Switches among others. Death On 8 February 2006, Kuljeet hanged herself in her apartment in Juhu, a town in western Maharashtra. In a suicide note, Kuljeet stated that she was ending her life as she was unable to cope with life's pressures. Shortly before her death, she had completed filming for the movie By Chance. She died at the age of 30. References External links Actresses from West Bengal Female models from West Bengal Female suicides Suicides by hanging in India 1976 births 2006 deaths People from Asansol 20th-century Indian actresses 21st-century Indian actresses Actresses in Hindi television Indian television actresses 2006 suicides Artists who committed suicide

4041186

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Reid%20%28soccer%2C%20born%201979%29

Paul Reid (soccer, born 1979)

Paul James Reid (born 6 July 1979) is an Australian international footballer who plays as a player coach midfielder for Rockdale City Suns in the NSW Premier League. Reid previously played for Wollongong Wolves during championship winning seasons before moving to England where he played for six years with Bradford City and Brighton & Hove Albion before returning to Australia. Reid has made two appearances for the Australian national team. Early life Born in Sydney, Australia, Reid started his youth career at Marconi Stallions alongside Socceroos, Harry Kewell and Brett Emerton in the same U-13 team and was quickly noted for his talents. Club career Reid went on to begin his senior football career in Australia for Wollongong Wolves in 1998. He became a cult hero during his time at the Wollongong Wolves after scoring the last minute equaliser in the 2000 grand final against Perth Glory. The Wolves went on to win the game 7–6 on penalties. In 2002, Reid moved to England and joined Bradford City, but only stayed for one season before joining Brighton & Hove Albion in 2003. Reid had usually played in the right-back position in defence for the Seagulls, but the player has stated his preferred position is in the centre of midfield. Near the start of the 2006–07 season, Reid suffered a serious knee injury which saw him sidelined for nearly a year, but the player did return for the start of the 2007–08 pre-season. On 6 May 2008, it was confirmed that Reid, along with experienced trio Kerry Mayo, Gary Hart and Guy Butters were to be released from the club. On 11 July 2008, Reid began training with Hereford United in a bid to win a new contract. Adelaide United He was expected to sign with Perth Glory for the 2008–09 A-League season, but instead signed with Adelaide United on a two-year deal. He won a call up to the national-team squad in October 2008 along with Adelaide United teammates Scott Jamieson, Robert Cornthwaite and Eugene Galeković. Despite usually playing in a deep midfield role Reid has created a number of assists from both open play and set pieces. He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–1 draw against Wellington Phoenix at Westpac Stadium on 18 January 2009. Melbourne Heart Reid signed a short-term end of season contract with Melbourne Heart as injury cover during the 2012 January transfer window. INSEE Police United On 9 March, Reid agreed with a short-term contract with INSEE Police United. He arrived in Thailand on 11 March. Sydney FC In early 2011, Reid had asked former club Adelaide United for a release to join hometown club Sydney FC for their 2011 Asian Champions League campaign, resulting in a bitter fallout between himself and then manager Rini Coolen who would not release him until season's end. In September 2012, it was announced that Reid was on trial with Sydney FC, taking part in two of their pre-season matches against A-League opposition before eventually signing a 1-year deal to join the Sky Blues beginning on 1 October 2012. However, as a result of Sydney FC failing to qualify for the A-League finals, Reid, along with teammates Nathan Sherlock, Krunoslav Lovrek, Trent McClenahan, Adam Griffiths and Jarrod Kyle were released by Sydney FC at the conclusion of the 2012-13 A-League season. Rockdale City Suns After being released as a player from Sydney FC, Reid signed for Rockdale City Suns in the NSW Premier League. However, he also still works for Sydney FC as a Community Football Officer. International career Reid made his senior international debut for the Socceroos on 28 January 2009 in an AFC Asian Cup qualifying match versus Indonesia. Coaching career Following Branko Culina departure from the managers position at Rockdale, following a poor start to the 2015 NPL, Reid was announced as Rockdale City Suns new coach, a position which he would combine with playing duty when required. Reid led Rockdale to the Round of 16 of the 2015 FFA Cup against A-League club Melbourne Victory at Jubilee Oval. Despite a valiant comeback, Melbourne would win 3-2 and go on to win the overall competition. Career statistics Honours Club Wollongong Wolves NSL Championship: 1999–2000, 2000–01 Oceania Club Championship: 2000–01 References External links Adelaide United profile OzFootball profile 1979 births Living people Sportsmen from New South Wales Soccer players from Sydney Association football midfielders Expatriate footballers in Thailand Australian expatriate soccer players Australia international soccer players Australian expatriate sportspeople in England A-League Men players National Soccer League (Australia) players English Football League players Macarthur Rams FC players Adelaide United FC players Melbourne City FC players Bradford City A.F.C. players Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players Wollongong Wolves FC players Paul Reid Sydney FC players Rockdale Ilinden FC players National Premier Leagues players Australian soccer players

4041199

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If%20You%20Have%20to%20Ask

If You Have to Ask

"If You Have to Ask" is a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers from their 1991 studio album Blood Sugar Sex Magik. It was released as the album's fifth and final single in 1993. A music video was made, but merely consists of live footage of the band from a 1992 show at the Winter Show Buildings in Wellington, New Zealand overdubbed with the original album track. The video is notable because it is one of only two videos to feature guitarist Arik Marshall ("Breaking the Girl" being the other). The video was rarely aired on music television and the song along with the video was not featured on the band's Greatest Hits album. Like the song "Aeroplane" from their 1995 album One Hot Minute, it was one of the two music videos from the Warner era not available on their official app. The verses of the song consist of a scratchy, minimalist funk lick played on the guitar, with a busier bass melody playing behind it. The lyrics in the verses are a stream of consciousness style run of non-sequiturs, which the chorus then explains by stating "If you have to ask, you'll never know". While guitarist John Frusciante finishes the solo at the end of the song, the production crew and the band can be heard applauding him. However, no attempts were made to edit out the applause or to re-record it like with all other unintended sounds found on the album. Live performances "If You Have to Ask" has been performed on every tour since 1991. Track listing CD single (1993) "If You Have to Ask" (edit) "If You Have to Ask" (Disco Krisco Mix) "If You Have to Ask" (Scott And Garth Mix) "Give It Away" (In Progress) 12" single (1993) "If You Have to Ask" (Disco Krisco Mix) "If You Have to Ask" (album) "If You Have to Ask" (Friday Night Fever Blister Mix) "Give It Away" (In Progress) Personnel Red Hot Chili Peppers Anthony Kiedis - lead vocals John Frusciante - guitar, synthesizer, backing vocals Flea - bass, backing vocals Chad Smith - drums, tambourine References Red Hot Chili Peppers songs 1991 songs 1993 singles Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin Songs written by Flea (musician) Songs written by John Frusciante Songs written by Anthony Kiedis Songs written by Chad Smith

4041200

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geldanamycin

Geldanamycin

Geldanamycin is a 1,4-benzoquinone ansamycin antitumor antibiotic that inhibits the function of Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) by binding to the unusual ADP/ATP-binding pocket of the protein. HSP90 client proteins play important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell growth, cell survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis and oncogenesis. Geldanamycin induces the degradation of proteins that are mutated or overexpressed in tumor cells such as v-Src, Bcr-Abl, p53, and ERBB2. This effect is mediated via HSP90. Despite its potent antitumor potential, geldanamycin presents several major drawbacks as a drug candidate such as hepatotoxicity, further, Jilani et al.. reported that geldanamycin induces the apoptosis of erythrocytes under physiological concentrations. These side effects have led to the development of geldanamycin analogues, in particular analogues containing a derivatisation at the 17 position: 17-AAG 17-DMAG Biosynthesis Geldanamycin was originally discovered in the organism Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is a macrocyclic polyketide that is synthesized by a Type I polyketide synthase. The genes gelA, gelB, and gelC encode for the polyketide synthase. The PKS is first loaded with 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA). It then utilizes malonyl-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA, and methoxymalonyl-CoA to synthesize the precursor molecule Progeldanamycin. This precursor is subjected to several enzymatic and non-enzymatic tailoring steps to produce the active molecule Geldanamycin, which include hydroxylation, o-methylation, carbamoylation, and oxidation. Notes References External links A comprehensive review about Geldanamycin, 17AAG and 17DMAG Geldanamycin from Fermentek Geldanamycin from Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation Geldanamycin bound to proteins in the PDB 1,4-Benzoquinones Carbamates Lactams Phenol ethers Ethers Secondary alcohols Ansamycins

4041205

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walsall%20Anarchists

Walsall Anarchists

The Walsall Anarchists were a group of anarchists arrested on explosive charges in Walsall in 1892. Recent research into police files has revealed that the bombings were instigated by Auguste Coulon, an agent provocateur of Special Branch Inspector William Melville, who would go on to become an early official of what became MI5. Initial arrests On 6 January 1892, an anarchist from Walsall named Joe Deakin was arrested on Tottenham Court Road, London, and the next day was charged with manufacturing bombs at the Great Marlborough Street Magistrates Court. Following the trial, a number of other anarchists including Victor Cails, Fred Charles, William Ditchfield, John Westley and Jean Battola, were also arrested and jointly charged with manufacturing explosives. When they first appeared at the police court in Walsall, the prosecution asked for the defendants to be remanded for a week, claiming that "[t]he authorities both in Walsall and London had received very important information with reference to what he might call a widespread conspiracy throughout the country." Evidence The evidence that was presented by the prosecution included a number of allegations that the defendants possessed materials for the construction of explosives: Charles was accused of possessing plans written in French for the construction a bomb, as well as a model for an explosive bolt and a French manifesto written by Cails called The Means of Emancipation, which included a call to manufacture and use explosives. Cails was accused of possessing a fuse and several French Anarchist publications, one of which was L'International issue 7, which detailed instructions for the manufacture of explosives and how to use them in the demolition of buildings. Ditchfield was accused of having a plaster cast for building a bomb in his workshop, an explosive bolt in his home and an amount of clay (mixed together with hair) in the Socialist Club's basement. All six were remanded in custody, although no explosives were actually found and there was no evidence as regards the other three defendants. Subsequent arrests and confessions Under the false belief that Charles was an informant, Deakin made a confession. However, his confession also implicated Auguste Coulon, a French anarchist, who worked as an assistant in the school set up by Louise Michel in order to educate foreign socialists' children in London. He was also involved in trying to organise chemistry classes and translating and circulating information about bomb making. The police also arrested a Swiss inventor called Cavargna, the inventor of a number of small explosives that were used to exterminate rabbits in Australia, who was released from jail after two days. A further person named McCormack, who had been recently expelled from the socialist club in Walsall, offered to become an informant for the police, who soon decided he was unreliable. He went to Birmingham where he sold his story to the newspaper for drinking money. After being arrested under charges of public intoxication, he promptly declared in court next day that the police had employed him to fabricate evidence against the Walsall Anarchists. Charles Mowbray and David Nicoll were soon also arrested on conspiracy charges. Following his release, Nicoll was raising money for the Walsall anarchists when, by chance, Coulon's brother let slip that Coulon himself was a police agent. The defence brought up the situation at the police court and gave Coulon's address asking why he had not been arrested as well. After Nicoll had set up an anarchist defence fund, Edward Carpenter set up one which raised money in socialist circles. Their different political outlook was especially noticeable as regards to what extent they felt the whole trial was a case of police provocation. Atmosphere of the trial and conviction The case aroused media attention, particularly around two texts: the Means of Emancipation and The Anarchist Feast at The Operathe latter described how the maximum amount of damage could be done to an opera house by rupturing its gas supply and leaving incendiary devices in the seats, while the miscreant could make their escape. Following three bombings in Paris, the correspondent for The Times made the connection: 'Anarchists should not be regarded as members of a political party, and it should not be possible for an Anarchist to hurry away from Paris to find an asylum in Brussels, in Geneva or in London.' Ravachol was arrested for two of these bombings, and promptly made a confession. The climate of the trial was not conducive to a sober consideration of the factsThe Anarchist Feast at The Opera was read out as if it were the views of the defendants. The defense did not argue that it was a police plot. Charles, Cails and Battola were found guilty, Deakin was also found guilty but the jury recommended that the judge grant him mercy, while Westley and Ditchfield were found not guilty. Those found guilty were allowed to make a statement, whereupon the first three stated they thought it was a police plot. Charles, Battola and Cails were each sentenced to ten years in prison, while Deakin was sentenced to five years. Although the judge denied he was punishing them for being anarchists, The Times was more to the point: 'Alas! Alas! Ten years for Charles, it is too bad. An evil conscience makes them cowards.' wrote Edward Carpenter following the trial. References 1892 in England Anarchist organisations in the United Kingdom History of Staffordshire Victorian era People of the Victorian era Walsall 19th-century English people

4041207

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20Action%20Canada

Transport Action Canada

Transport Action Canada is a non-profit, consumer-based organization that promotes sustainable transport through advocacy and education. It is concerned with all modes of public transport, such as passenger train service, aviation including air safety, and urban transit. The association functions as a citizen-based advocacy group, compared to transport industry based bodies such as the Railway Association of Canada or the Canadian Urban Transit Association. Activities The association regularly communicates with government and industry officials to promote sustainable transport views, including Transport Canada and elected officials of all government levels. Canadian news media agencies frequently interview Transport 2000 Canada officials on transportation matters. History The organization was founded as Transport 2000 Canada in 1976 following concerns about the future of passenger trains in Canada. Passenger train service in Canada had declined in the latter 20th century as train routes were being eliminated by Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1993, Transport 2000 became one of seven Canadian non-for-profit organisations supported by The Samuel and Saidye Bronfman Family Foundation's Urban Issues program. The association continued to monitor and address developments in the national passenger transportation system, especially since the 1978 formation of Via Rail Canada to provide national passenger train service. The association later formed its Air Passenger Safety Group, especially prompted by the September 1998 Swissair Flight 111 disaster off the Nova Scotia coastline. Urban transit is an increasingly important topic addressed by the national and regional associations of the organization. The organization's support for the O-Train pilot project (today's Trillium Line) was a significant factor in returning rail transit service to Ottawa in 2001. Transport Action Canada has since been critical of the subsequent plans to develop the North-South Light Rail Transit line, citing the proposals to combine the downtown train with bus congestion, disruption to existing O-Train travel (today's Trillium Line) during the line's construction, and longer-term viability of the proposed North-South route. National office facilities for Transport Action Canada are located in Ottawa, Ontario. The association has been a contributor to the development of aviation regulation, particularly as it relates to airline passengers, though Transport Canada's Canadian Aviation Regulation Advisory Council (CARAC) process. Organization Transport Action Canada is composed as a federation of the following like-minded regional associations: Transport Action Atlantic (Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) Transport Action British Columbia (British Columbia) Transport Action Ontario (Ontario) Transport Action Prairies (Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan) Transport Action Quebec (Quebec) Publications The organization publishes a newsletter titled Transport Action which provides news and opinion on topical transportation matters. This is published six times per year and primarily distributed to its members. Members of Transport Action Canada are often members of one or more of the affiliated regional associations which often publish their own newsletters. A bulletin of transport-related news is also produced on an approximately weekly basis. This "hotline" is published on the association's official website. See also Campaign for Better Transport (United Kingdom) (formerly known as Transport 2000) Canadian Urban Transit Association :Category:Transportation companies of Canada List of urban transit advocacy organisations National Association of Railroad Passengers Transportation in Canada Via Rail Canada References External links Transport Action Canada (official website) Transport Action Quebec (regional association website) Transport 2000 Quebec history (in French) Public transport in Canada Transport associations in Canada Aviation in Canada Political advocacy groups in Canada Public transport advocacy organizations

4041208

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Hills%20Region

Red Hills Region

The Red Hills or Tallahassee Hills is a region of gently rolling hills in the southeastern United States. It is a geomorphic region and an ecoregion. Location The Red Hills physiographic region of northern Florida was defined in 1914 as most of Leon County north of the Cody Scarp, and small portions of southernmost Grady and Thomas counties in Georgia. The original tree cover of the region was a shortleaf pine-oak-hickory woodland with deep sandy clay soil. A wider definition of the Red Hills Region includes Jefferson County, Florida north of the Cody Scarp and the southern portions of Grady and Thomas counties in Georgia. This larger region consists of about that is bounded by the Aucilla River on the east and northeast, by the Ochlockonee River on the west and northwest, and by the Cody Scarp on the south. The Red Hills physiographic region is part of the Tallahassee Hills/Valdosta Limesink ecoregion, which extends across northern Florida and southern Georgia from the Apalachicola River to the vicinity of Valdosta, Georgia. A wider Red Hills section of Florida has been defined as extending along the Alabama and Georgia borders, including, from east to west, Madison, Jefferson, Leon, Gadsden and Jackson counties. There is a Red Hills Physiographic Province in south central Alabama. History The area was first settled by Paleo-Indians in and around the various lakes in the southern part of the Red Hills. The Apalachee were found here in the 16th century, and were almost annihilated through wars, disease, and slavery. In the 18th century, the Seminoles made the Red Hills their home until the early 19th century and the Seminole Wars. Also in the 19th century, white settlers began cotton plantations, which thrived until the Civil War. At one time, Leon County, Florida, was the 5th largest producer of cotton among all counties in Georgia and Florida. After the Civil War, many of the Red Hills' plantations became winter homes and quail hunting plantations for wealthy northerners; the area between Thomasville and Tallahassee is still home to dozens of such plantations, such as Greenwood, Pebble Hill, and Goodwood. Geography Rolling hills, ravines and gullies covered by forests and the large lakes of Lake Jackson, Lake Iamonia, Lake Miccosukee, Lake Lafayette, and Lake Talquin. The highest point in the Red Hills is north of Tallahassee by . The soil is red clay deposited during the last ice age from the Appalachian Mountains. Rivers running through the Red Hills Region are the Aucilla River, Ochlockonee River, and Telogia Creek. The St. Marks River is subterranean until it meets the surface in the Woodville Karst Plain. Flora and fauna Trees The area is covered in a number of native species. There are a variety of oak including southern live oak, water oak, laurel oak, white oak, overcup oak, post oak, black oak as well as other hardwood trees such as American sweetgum, a variety of magnolia, as well as hickory, flowering dogwood, red maple, and redbud. Conifers are also abundant, including shortleaf pine, and loblolly pine. The Red Hills are home to some of the last remnants of the great longleaf pine forests remaining in the nation. Animal life The Red Hills Region supports the northern bobwhite quail, white-tailed deer, red fox, raccoon, eastern gray squirrel, nine-banded armadillo, black bear, migratory bird, federally endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, gopher tortoise, eastern diamondback rattlesnake, eastern tiger salamander, and many other animals and plants. Features The Red Hills Region serves as one of the highest recharge areas for the Floridan aquifer — which is critical to the drinking water supply for residents of Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. The Red Hills Region also has the largest concentration of undeveloped plantation lands in the United States. The Red Hills has been identified for special conservation efforts, and The Nature Conservancy has designated the Red Hills as one of America's "Last Great Places." Namesake event Each spring, the equestrian community meets for the Red Hills Horse Trials, an Olympics qualifying event held at Elinor Klapp-Phipps Park. References Regions of Florida Regions of Georgia (U.S. state)

4041214

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20Grove%20Cemetery

Spring Grove Cemetery

Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum () is a nonprofit rural cemetery and arboretum located at 4521 Spring Grove Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. It is the third largest cemetery in the United States, after the Calverton National Cemetery and Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery and is recognized as a US National Historic Landmark. History The cemetery dates from 1844, when members of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society formed a cemetery association. They took their inspiration from contemporary rural cemeteries such as Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, and Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The numerous springs and groves suggested the name "Spring Grove". On December 1, 1844, Salmon P. Chase and others prepared the Articles of Incorporation. The cemetery was designed by Howard Daniels and formally chartered on January 21, 1845. The first burial took place on September 1, 1845. In 1855, Adolph Strauch, a renowned landscape architect, was hired to beautify the grounds. His sense and layout of the "garden cemetery" made of lakes, trees and shrubs, is what visitors today still see. He created a more open landscape by setting limits on private enclosures and monument heights. The results of the redesign earned Strauch praise in the U.S. and abroad, including from Frederick Law Olmsted and the French landscape architect Edouard André. On March 29, 2007, the cemetery was designated a National Historic Landmark. The Spring Grove Cemetery Chapel is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. On October 23, 2013, cemetery staff removed a large and potentially disturbing SpongeBob SquarePants headstone from the grave of U.S. Army Corporal Kimberly Walker and another for her still-living sister a day after her funeral. The family believed they had permission from a worker, whom management said had erred. In February 2014, both parties agreed to reinstate the statues with granite slabs largely hiding them from passersby. Description Spring Grove encompasses of which are currently landscaped and maintained. Its grounds include 12 ponds, many fine tombstones and memorials, and various examples of Gothic Revival architecture. As of 2005, its National Champion trees were Cladrastis kentukea and Halesia diptera; its State Champion trees included Abies cilicica, Abies koreana, Cedrus libani, Chionanthus virginicus, Eucommia ulmoides, Halesia parvifolia, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Phellodendron amurense, Picea orientalis, Picea polita, Pinus flexilis, Pinus griffithi, Pinus monticola, Quercus cerris, Quercus nigra, Taxodium distichum, Ulmus serotina, and Zelkova serrata. Notable burials See also :Category:Burials at Spring Grove Cemetery. Jacob Ammen, Civil War general Nicholas Longworth Anderson, Civil War colonel Joshua Hall Bates, Civil War general Richard M. Bishop, Cincinnati Mayor and Ohio Governor George K. Brady, United States Army officer. Briefly commander of the Department of Alaska Emma Lucy Braun, botanist Charles Elwood Brown, Civil War brevet brigadier general and U.S. Representative Sidney Burbank, Civil War colonel Jacob Burnet, US Senator Samuel Fenton Cary, Congressman, prohibitionist Kate Chase, daughter of Salmon Chase and Washington, D.C. Civil War socialite Salmon P. Chase, Chief Justice of the United States Henry M. Cist, Civil War brevet brigadier general Levi Coffin, Quaker abolitionist Arthur F. Devereux, Brevet Brigadier General during the Civil War; from Salem, Massachusetts Daniel Drake, physician and writer Charles L. Fleischmann, yeast manufacturer Joseph Benson Foraker, Governor of Ohio, U.S. Senator, Judge, American Civil War Captain Manning Force, Civil War Brevet Brigadier General, Medal of Honor recipient James Gamble, co-founder of Procter & Gamble Company Kenner Garrard, Civil War general Heinie Groh, Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame third baseman Theodore Sommers Henderson, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church Andrew Hickenlooper, Civil War general Joseph Hooker, Civil War general and commander of the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Chancellorsville Waite Hoyt, professional baseball player; Hall of Fame pitcher Miller Huggins, Hall of Fame baseball manager of New York Yankees during Babe Ruth era Isaac M. Jordan, one of the seven founders of Sigma Chi Fraternity John William Kilbreth, U.S. Army brigadier general during World War I Bernard Kroger, founder of Kroger supermarkets Alexander Long, Congressman Nicholas Longworth, Father of American grape culture Joseph Longworth, art collector and patron, son of Nicholas Longworth Nicholas Longworth, American politician, Speaker of the US House of Representatives, grandson of Nicholas Longworth William Haines Lytle, 19th century Ohio, general, politician, poet Joseph Mason, artist, who was an uncredited assistant to John James Audubon in illustrating the Birds of America Stanley Matthews, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court* Alexander McDowell McCook, Union army general Charles Pettit McIlvaine, Episcopal bishop, author, educator and twice Chaplain of the United States Senate John McLean, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court George Hunt Pendleton, Congressman and US Senator Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt, poet William Procter, co-founder of Procter and Gamble Skip Prosser, Wake Forest University men's basketball head coach at the time of his death, former assistant and head men's basketball coach at Xavier University Henry Stanbery, Attorney General of the United States Adolph Strauch, landscape architect, designer of Spring Grove Cemetery Dudley Sutphin, Cincinnati attorney, judge and French Legion of Honor medal winner Alphonso Taft, politician, father of President of the United States William Howard Taft Charles Phelps Taft II, Mayor of Cincinnati and son of President William Howard Taft Louise Taft, second wife of Alphonso Taft and mother of William Howard Taft John Morgan Walden, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church Godfrey Weitzel, Civil War general Frances Wright, pioneering feminist, abolitionist, and freethinker See also List of botanical gardens and arboretums in the United States List of National Historic Landmarks in Ohio Notes External links Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum Forty Civil War generals buried in Spring Grove Cemetery Spring Grove Entrance Arboreta in Ohio Cemeteries in Cincinnati Botanical gardens in Ohio National Register of Historic Places in Cincinnati National Historic Landmarks in Ohio Protected areas of Hamilton County, Ohio Tourist attractions in Cincinnati Gothic Revival architecture in Ohio Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio Rural cemeteries

4041215

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Boutilier

Paul Boutilier

Paul André Boutilier (born May 3, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played with several National Hockey League teams in the 1980s. He was a member of the 1983 Stanley Cup champion New York Islanders. Playing career Boutilier was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia. He starred in the QMJHL with the Sherbrooke Castors in the early 1980s. In 1982, he helped the team reach the Memorial Cup finals, however his team lost to the Kitchener Rangers. He was named to the tournament all-star team, and was voted a first team all-star by the QMJHL. Chosen 21st overall by the New York Islanders in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft (ahead of such future NHL stars as Chris Chelios and John Vanbiesbrouck), Boutilier split his first full pro season between the Islanders and the CHL's Indianapolis Checkers. He did, however, have his name inscribed on the Stanley Cup in 1983 after appearing in two playoff games for the champion Isles. He also attended McGill University during off-seasons. Boutilier became a regular on the Islanders' blueline in 1984–85 and recorded a career-best 35 points. He scored 34 points the next year and showed a willingness to play rough in his own zone. Over the next four years his play was less consistent. He moved around the league with the Boston Bruins, Minnesota North Stars, New York Rangers, Winnipeg Jets, and three different minor pro clubs. He retired in 1990 after spending most of the year in Switzerland with SC Bern. Coaching Boutilier was named St. Mary's (AUAA) assistant coach prior to the 1991–92 season and remained in that position through 1992–93. He was promoted to head coach prior to 1993–94 season and remained in that position through 1996–97. Post-hockey After retiring from hockey, Boutilier became a regular on the Canadian curling circuit, serving as head of the World Curling Tour and World Curling Players' Association. He currently teaches International Marketing at the University of Prince Edward Island and is the Director of Defence Development & Analytics for the Saint John Sea Dogs in the QMJHL. In 2015, he was named assistant coach of the Sea Dogs. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards & honors QMJHL First All-Star Team (1982) QMJHL Emile Bouchard Trophy (Defenseman of Year) 1981-82 Memorial Cup Tournament All-Star Team (1982) 1983 Stanley Cup- New York Islanders AHL First All-Star Team (1989) Inducted to Nova Scotia Sports Hall of Fame, 1994 External links Hockey Draft Central References 1963 births Living people Athabasca University alumni Boston Bruins players Canadian ice hockey defencemen Canadian people of Acadian descent Colorado Rangers players Indianapolis Checkers (CHL) players Sportspeople from the Cape Breton Regional Municipality Maine Mariners players Minnesota North Stars players Moncton Hawks players National Hockey League first-round draft picks New Haven Nighthawks players New York Islanders draft picks New York Islanders players New York Rangers players People from Sydney, Nova Scotia Saint-Jean Castors players SC Bern players Sherbrooke Castors players Stanley Cup champions Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) players Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia University of Prince Edward Island faculty ZSC Lions players Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland

4041225

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glanville

Glanville

Glanville or Glanvill may refer to: Places: Glanville, Calvados, commune in the Basse-Normandie region of France Glanville, South Australia, suburb of Adelaide, Australia Glanville railway station Wootton Glanville, village in Dorset, England People: Ann Glanville (1796–1880), Cornish rower Brandi Glanville (born 1972), American television personality and former fashion model Brian Glanville (born 1931), English football writer and novelist Christine Glanville (1924–1999), English puppeteer Doug Glanville (born 1970), American baseball player Eleanor Glanville (c. 1654–1709), English entomologist Ernest Glanville (1855–1925), South African author Francis Glanville (1827–1910), British Army general Glanville Williams (1911–1997), Welsh legal scholar Harold Glanville (1854–1930), English businessman and politician Harold Glanville (junior) (1884–1966), English Liberal Party politician. Jacob Glanville, co-founder of Distributed Bio James Glanville (1891–1958), British politician Jason Glanville, leader in Australian Indigenous community Jerry Glanville (born 1941), American football coach Sir John Glanville (judge) (1542–1600), English Member of Parliament and judge Sir John Glanville (1586–1661), English politician Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680), English writer Lucy Glanville (born 1994), Australian biathlete Marc Glanville (born 1966), Australian rugby league footballer Mark Glanville, English classical singer and writer Peggy Glanville-Hicks (1912–1990), Australian composer Phil de Glanville (born 1968), English rugby union player Ranulf de Glanvill (died 1190), English justiciar Ranulph Glanville (born 1946), English researcher Stephen Glanville (1900–1956), English Egyptologist Sir William Glanville (1900–1976), British civil engineer Other: Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie, the earliest English law treatise (1187–9), commonly called Glanvill after its attribution to Ranulf de Glanvill Glanville fritillary, butterfly

4041227

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranley%20Onslow

Cranley Onslow

Cranley Gordon Douglas Onslow, Baron Onslow of Woking, (8 June 1926 – 13 March 2001) was a British politician and served as the Conservative MP for Woking from 1964 to 1997, and a British Peer from 1997 until his death in 2001. Family background Onslow was related to the Earl of Onslow, and was named for one of the subsidiary titles of the Earldom: Viscount Cranley. His parents were Francis Robert Douglas Onslow (1878–1938) and Mabel Strachan (d 1974). He had a younger brother, Ian Denzil Onslow (1929–2013). Onslow was a descendant of George Onslow, eldest son of Lieutenant-General Richard Onslow, nephew of the first Baron and uncle of the first Earl. Early life and career He was educated at Harrow School and then Sandhurst. He then joined the military in 1944 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Queen's Own Hussars. Upon completing this service he read history at Oriel College, Oxford. Onslow then joined MI6 as an intelligence officer and had a tour of duty in Burma. Political career Onslow resigned from the civil service in 1960 and became active in politics, first being elected to Dartford Rural District Council and later to Kent County Council. In 1963 he was selected to succeed Harold Watkinson as MP for Woking and he was elected the following year in the 1964 general election. Once elected, Onslow demonstrated his right wing credentials by calling for lower taxes on the middle class and a reduction in third world aid. He also pursued a strong non-partisan interest in aviation, eventually chairing the Conservative aviation committee. Government He would later serve as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Aerospace from 1972 to 1974 in Edward Heath's government. In Margaret Thatcher's government he was made a Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1983, but resigned a year later after his boss, Francis Pym, was sacked by Margaret Thatcher. 1922 Committee In 1984, he was elected to chair the 1922 Committee, and was therefore considered to be the most powerful backbencher in the Conservative party. In this post, he conveyed to Mrs Thatcher the desire of backbenchers that Leon Brittan should resign over the Westland affair and in the 1990 leadership contest that many backbenchers wanted a broader choice of candidates, contributing to her decision to drop out. This angered many allies of Thatcher, and in 1992 he was forced from his post as chairman of the 1922 Committee. Honours and styles Honours Having been sworn of the Privy Council in the 1988 New Year Honours, Onslow was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George as a Knight Commander (KCMG) for "political service" in the 1993 New Year Honours and upon stepping down from Parliament in 1997 his life peerage was announced in the Resignation Honours and he was raised to the peerage as Baron Onslow of Woking, of Woking in the County of Surrey. Marriage In 1955, he married Lady June Hay, daughter of George Hay, 14th Earl of Kinnoull. References Guardian Obituary ThePeerage.com profile 1926 births 2001 deaths Chairmen of the 1922 Committee People educated at Harrow School Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Queen's Own Hussars officers Conservative Party (UK) life peers Life peers created by Elizabeth II Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies UK MPs 1964–1966 UK MPs 1966–1970 UK MPs 1970–1974 UK MPs 1974 UK MPs 1974–1979 UK MPs 1979–1983 UK MPs 1983–1987 UK MPs 1987–1992 UK MPs 1992–1997 Members of Kent County Council Cranley British Army personnel of World War II

4041230

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%20Off%20Press

Rip Off Press

Rip Off Press Inc. is a comic book mail order retailer and distributor, better known as the former publisher of adult-themed series like The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers and Rip Off Comix, as well as many other seminal publications from the underground comix era. Founded in 1969 in San Francisco by four friends from Austin, Texas — cartoonists Gilbert Shelton and Jack Jackson, and Fred Todd and Dave Moriaty — Rip Off Press is now run in Auburn, California, by Todd. Rip Off Press is notable for being the first company to publish the fourth edition of the Principia Discordia, a Discordian religious text written by Gregory Hill and Kerry Thornley. It was also an early publisher of a booklet on drug manufacturing, Psychedelic Chemistry. History Origins In January 17, 1969, the company was founded in San Francisco by four Texans: Fred Todd, Dave Moriaty, and cartoonists Gilbert Shelton and Jack Jackson. The initial plan was to print rock band promotional posters on an old press and do comix on the side — in some ways the company was formed as a sort of cartoonists' cooperative, as an alternative publishing venue to other Bay Area publishers like Apex Novelties, Print Mint, and Company & Sons. The four men purchased a used Davidson 233 offset printing press and set up shop in the same space as Apex Novelties, located on the third-floor ballroom of the former Mowry's Opera House, at 633 Laguna Street in Hayes Valley. The first comix Rip Off Press published, in 1969, were R. Crumb's Big Ass Comics (June '69), a reprint of Jaxon's God Nose (originally published in 1964), Jaxon's Happy Endings Comics (August '69), and the first issue of Fred Schrier and Dave Sheridan's Mother's Oats Comix (October '69). After a fire almost destroyed the opera house in late 1969, Rip Off moved to the decaying former headquarters of the Family Dog psychedelic rock music promotion collective (which Jaxon had been a member of starting in 1966). Rip Off Press was located at 1250 17th Street in San Francisco from 1970 until 1985. By 1972, the poster printing business had faded away and the company had become a publishing house. Other works the company published during this period included comix by Frank Stack, Sheridan (all co-published with Gary Arlington's San Francisco Comic Book Company), The Rip Off Review of Western Culture omnibus, and Shelton's The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers. Changing times As the underground comix market began to peter out in the early 1970s, Rip Off Press shifted its focus to other cartoonists and other comics. By this point, Rip Off Press co-founders Moriaty and Jackson had gone back to Texas, leaving the running of the company to Shelton and Todd. The company started a syndication service, managed by Shelton, that sold weekly content to alternative newspapers and student publications. Each Friday, the company sent out a distribution sheet with the strips it was selling, by such cartoonists as Shelton, Joel Beck, Dave Sheridan, Ted Richards, Bill Griffith, and Harry Driggs (as R. Diggs). The Rip Off Press Syndicate, never really a profitable operation, was discontinued by 1979. (Griffith's Zippy, which had debuted in 1976 as a weekly strip with Rip Off's syndicate, was picked up for daily syndication in 1986 by King Features Syndicate.) Much of the material produced for the syndicate was eventually published in the company's long-running anthology Rip Off Comix, which had debuted in 1977. In 1979, Universal Studios paid Shelton and Rip Off Press $250,000 for the rights to make a live-action Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers film. Rip Off used its share of the rights fees to buy a new typesetting machine and a computer system, which enabled it in turn to launch the mail order business that later became integral to the company's survival. (The Universal-produced Freak Brothers film never made it to production.) The future Kathe Todd, who first came to the company in 1975 for a college summer job, married co-founder Fred Todd in 1980; by the mid-1980s she had assumed co-management of the company. Cartoonist Jay Kinney joined the company as an editor in 1981, but left after a few months. Cartoonist Guy Colwell began freelancing for Rip Off Press in the production department beginning in 1980; he worked on-and-off for the company through . After bouncing back and forth between Europe and the Bay Area in the late 1970s and early 1980s (thanks to the money he received from Universal), co-founder Shelton and his wife permanently relocated to France in 1984. In mid-1985, the company moved from 17th Street to a smaller space on San Jose Avenue near the city's southern border, with warehouse space across town at the Bayview Industrial Park. This three-story, block-square building, which housed over a hundred other businesses, burned to the ground on April 6, 1986, following an explosion in an illegal fireworks factory in the basement. Relocation to Auburn Freed of a 17-year accumulation of comix and other paraphernalia, Fred Todd (who at this point was the only original partner still working in the business) decided to relocate Rip Off Press to Auburn, California (part of the Sacramento metropolitan area), where he and Kathe continued to run the company while raising their two small children in more pleasant surroundings. The move was made in June 1987. During this era, Rip Off Press continued to publish Shelton's The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers and the Rip Off Comix anthology; the popularity of erotic comics in the late 1980s/early 1990s led to the publication of such titles as Strips by Chuck Austen, The Girl by Kevin J. Taylor, Doll by Guy Colwell, and SS Crompton's Demi the Demoness. The company published two music-related indy comics titles by Matt Howarth — Savage Henry and Those Annoying Post Bros., from 1989 to 1994. Rip Off Press also took over the publication of the long-running all-female underground anthology Wimmen's Comix with issue #14 (1989) of that title, publishing it through 1993. Shift from publishing to retailing After the collapse of the direct market in the early 1990s (fueled by Marvel Comics' withdrawal of its 40% market share from the distribution system), Rip Off Press began cutting costs and gradually retreated from publishing. By 1997, it had shifted its business to selling backlist comics in its store and to mail-order customers, plus to the fans finding them online. The Todds moved the business to much smaller quarters adjoining their home in 1999, where they continue to sell comix, mostly through the company website. The website was disabled for a time in 2011–2012, during which time it was completely redesigned and a large number of collectors' items (including historic ad pieces, rare press sheets, publisher's overlay proofs from the company's publishing history, and more) were added to its offerings. Selected titles and artists Syndication service strips Cartoon Cavalcade by Joel Beck Dealer McDope by Dave Sheridan E.Z. Wolf by Ted Richards The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers by Gilbert Shelton Fat Freddy's Cat by Gilbert Shelton Forty Year Old Hippie by Ted Richards Griffith Observatory by Bill Griffith Mom Squad by Harry Driggs (as R. Diggs) Motoring Tips by Gilbert Shelton Nerds by Dave Sheridan Wonder Wart-Hog by Gilbert Shelton with Tony Bell and Joe E. Brown, Jr. Zippy by Bill Griffith (from 1976) Comics Anthologies: Rip Off Comix (30 issues, 1977–1991) The Rip Off Review of Western Culture (3 issues, 1972) — edited by Dave Moriaty Wimmen's Comix (4 issues, 1989–1992) Chuck Austen: Strips (1989–1991) Guy Colwell: Doll (8 issues, 1989–1992) Central Body: The Art of Guy Colwell (1991) SS Crompton: Demi the Demoness (1993–1997) Robert Crumb: Big Ass Comics (2 issues, 1969–1971) R. Crumb's Comics and Stories (1969) — features 10-page Fritz the Cat story drawn in 1964 Motor City Comics (2 issues, 1969–1970) Harry Driggs (as R. Diggs) Great Diggs of '77: a Cartoonists View of 1977 from the Pages of the Rip Off Comix Syndicate, the Berkeley Barb and the Ag-Biz Tiller (64 pp, 1977) — political cartoons Great Diggs II: a Cartoonist's View of World Events, Compiled from the Pages of the Rip Off Comix Syndicate (36 pp., 1979) — political cartoons Greatest Diggs of All Time (Rip Off Press, 1991) — collecting material from various anthologies The Life and Loves of Cleopatra (1991) — censored version of Driggs' pornographic comic, originally published in 1967 Larry Gonick: Cartoon History of the Universe (9 issues, 1978–1992) Matt Howarth: Savage Henry (17 issues, 1990–1993) Those Annoying Post Bros. (20 issues, 1991–1994) Carol Lay: Good Girls (1991) Gilbert Shelton: The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers (13 issues, 1971–1997) Fat Freddy's Cat (12 issues, 1977–1993) Wonder Wart-Hog (1973–1975) Not Quite Dead (5 issues, 1993–1995) Dave Sheridan: Mother's Oats Comix (1970–1976)— with Fred Schrier and others Skull Comics #1 (1970) — with Fred Schrier and others; later picked up by Last Gasp The Balloon Vendor (1971)— with Fred Schrier Frank Stack: Jesus Comics (3 issues, 1969–1972) Feelgood Funnies (2 issues, 1972, 1984) Amazon Comics (1972) Dorman's Doggie (1979) Kevin J. Taylor: Model by Day (1990) The Girl (1991) Further reading "Rip Off Press: The Publishing Company That's a Little Like the Weather," The Comics Journal # 92 (Aug. 1984), pp. 69-83 — interviews with Gilbert Shelton, Fred Todd, and Don Baumgart Jackson, Jack. "Rip Off Press in the Golden Era," Rip Off Comix #21 (Winter 1988), pp. 2-9: "Rip Off co-founder Jack Jackson tells it like it was, during the earliest years of grit and glory." Todd, Fred. "The Real Story According to Fred Todd," Rip Off Comix #21 (Winter 1988), pp. 10-13: "ROP's illustrious president fleshes out Jack's tale with some anecdotes and photos, and takes the history of Rip Off Press up through our 1987 move to Auburn." Crabb, R. L. "My Cosmic Connection with Rip Off Press," Rip Off Comix #21 (Winter 1988), pp. 14–16 — "Bob Crabb explains how mysterious forces brought him to our door." "Rip Off Land," Rip Off Comix #21 (Winter 1988), pp. 17-29 — "Rip Off Press as seen by some of its artists, employees and others over the years." References External links Comic book publishing companies of the United States Underground comix Entertainment companies based in California Companies based in San Francisco Publishing companies established in 1969 1969 establishments in California

4041239

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclooctadiene

Cyclooctadiene

A cyclooctadiene (sometimes abbreviated COD) is any of several cyclic diene with the formula (CH2)4(C2H2)2. Focusing only on cis derivatives, four isomers are possible: 1,2-, which is an allene, 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,5-. Commonly encountered isomers are the conjugated isomer 1,3-cyclooctadiene and 1,5-cyclooctadiene, which is used as a ligand for transition metals. These dienes are colorless volatile liquids. References External links 1,5-Cyclooctadiene Cycloalkenes Dienes Eight-membered rings

4041255

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angi%20Inc.

Angi Inc.

Angi Inc. (formerly ANGI Homeservices Inc.) is an internet services company formed in 2017 by the merger of Angie's List and HomeAdvisor. The company has its earliest roots in American home services website Angie's List, founded in 1995 as an online directory that allows users to read and publish crowd-sourced reviews of local businesses and contractors. For the quarter ending on June 30, 2018, ANGI reported total revenue of US$1,132,000,000 and a net income of US$77,507,000. On May 1, 2017, The Wall Street Journal reported that IAC planned to buy Angie's List. By September 2017 the new publicly traded company was called ANGI Homeservices Inc. Shares started trading in early October, 2017. In March 2019, Angi moved its corporate headquarters to Denver, Colorado. History William S. Oesterle and Angie Hicks founded Angie's List in 1995. The idea resulted from Hicks's search for a reliable construction contractor in suburban Columbus, Ohio, on behalf of Oesterle, a venture capitalist who was Hicks's boss. Hicks moved to Columbus to join Oesterle in creating Columbus Neighbors, a call-in service, and publication with reviews of local home and lawn care services. The name and concept were based on Unified Neighbors in Indianapolis, Indiana. Hicks went door-to-door, signing up consumers as members and collecting ratings of local contractors. After Hicks recruited over 1,000 members in Columbus within one year, she turned to Oesterle to raise money from investors to develop the business. In 2013, Angie's List investors worried that the company had been in business for more than 18 years, yet never had shown an annual profit and that valuations of the company were unrealistic based on the actual revenue the company produces. But by 2015 growth estimates indicate a significant earnings-per-share growth, with a long-term growth rate at 19%. Combine this with stock estimates rising in 2015 by 13.3%, some Securities research firms such as Zacks Investment Research indicated ANGI is well-positioned for future earnings growth. HomeAdvisor In 1996, the company bought Unified Neighbors from its creator and moved the company's headquarters to Indianapolis. In 1998, ServiceMagic was founded by Rodney Rice and Michael Beaudoin who were part of the founding management team of Einstein Bros Bagels. In 2004, IAC acquired the website for an undisclosed price. On July 22, 2004, IAC acquired ServiceMagic. In October 2008, ServiceMagic acquired the French business 123Devis.com and Travaux.com, as well as UK business 123GetAQuote.co.uk to create ServiceMagic Europe. In March 2009, the UK business was rebranded as ServiceMagic.co.uk. In 2012, the firm changed its name to HomeAdvisor. In 2013, HomeAdvisor acquired Werkspot.nl, the leading Dutch home improvement platform. In 2014, Werkspot.nl opens her twin company in Italy: Instapro. By 2015, the firm had achieved more than $300 million in annual revenue, been used by more than 30 million homeowners, had nearly 100,000 pre-screened service professionals in its network and almost 3 million verified reviews. In 2016, HomeAdvisor acquired the German home services company, MyHammer. In 2017, it acquired Canada's leading home services platform, HomeStars, and MyBuilder, the UK's leading home services platform connecting homeowners and tradesmen. Angi In 2010, Angie's List raised a total of $25 million in capital from investors. In September 2010, Wasatch Funds and Battery Ventures invested $22 million. In November 2010, Saints Capital led an additional funding of $2.5 million. On November 17, 2011,t he firm began trading on the NASDAQ exchange under the ticker symbol ANGI. It priced 8.8M shares at $13 and opened for trading at $18, a 33% premium. In July 2016, Angie's List was made a freemium service; the basic membership tier, with access to more than 10 million reviews, was made free, alongside subscription tiers offering additional functionality. On October 2, 2017, IAC announced that it had agreed to acquire Angie's List for $781.4 million. and it merged Angie's List and HomeAdvisor, renaming the merged company to ANGI Homeservices, retaining Angie's List ticker symbol and stock history. In October 2018, ANGI Homeservices bought Handy for $165.5 million. In March 2021, Angie's List changed its name to Angi, and ANGI Homeservices Inc. changed its name to Angi Inc. Lawsuits In 2014, Angie's List Inc. paid $2.8 million to settle a lawsuit alleging that it automatically renewed members at a higher rate than they were led to believe. In August 2016, Angie's List has agreed to settle three lawsuits for a payment of $1,400,000. The class action lawsuits focused on Angie's List's acceptance of advertising payments from service providers, and whether those payments affect service providers’ letter-grade ratings, reviews, and place in search-result rankings. Angie's List denies plaintiffs’ claims, but disclosed that revenue from service providers can affect the order of search-result rankings of the service provider under certain settings (Moore vs. AngiesList). References External links Companies listed on the Nasdaq Consumer guides Companies based in Denver Online marketplaces of the United States American review websites American companies established in 1995 Internet properties established in 1995 1995 establishments in Ohio 2011 initial public offerings IAC (company)

4041256

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological%20College%20of%20the%20Holy%20Trinity

Theological College of the Holy Trinity

Holy Trinity University (HTU) (ቅድስት ሥላሴ ዩኒቨርሲቲ) is a theological university located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It provides religious and theological instruction to both clergy and lay members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The institution also aims to serve as a center of theological and ecclesiastical study for all Oriental Orthodox Churches. References Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo church buildings Universities and colleges in Ethiopia Christian schools in Ethiopia Education in Addis Ababa Educational institutions established in 1942 Educational institutions established in 1960 1942 establishments in Ethiopia

4041257

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaver%20stance

Weaver stance

The Weaver stance is a shooting technique for handguns. It was developed by Los Angeles County Deputy Sheriff Jack Weaver during freestyle pistol competition in Southern California during the late 1950s. Description The Weaver stance has two main components. The first component is a two-handed technique in which the shooting hand holds the handgun while the support hand wraps around the shooting hand. The shooting arm's elbow is slightly bent (almost locked out) while the support elbow is noticeably bent straight down. The shooter pushes forward with his/her shooting hand while the support hand exerts rearward pressure on the firearm. The resultant isometric tension from the support hand is intended to lessen and control muzzle flip when the firearm is fired, allowing for faster follow-up shots. The second component is the positioning of the feet in a boxing stance, with the non-shooting side foot ahead of the shooting side foot. A person shooting right-handed will have the right foot angled out to approximately forty-five degrees to the side and to the rear at shoulder length. Most of the shooter's weight will be on the forward foot, with the forward knee slightly bent and the rear leg nearly straight. The shooter's upper torso should be leaning forward at the hips, aiming the shoulders towards the forward foot. The rear foot will help catch the force of recoil, as well as allow for rapid changes in position. Both of the shooter's knees should be slightly bent and the shooter should be bending forward at the waist as if preparing to be pushed backward. A left-handed shooter would reverse the hands and the footing, respectively. Modern technique The Weaver stance is one of the four components of the modern technique of shooting developed by Jeff Cooper. The others are a large-caliber handgun, flash sight picture, and compressed surprise break. History The Weaver stance was developed in 1959 by pistol shooter and deputy sheriff Jack Weaver, a range officer at the L.A. County Sheriff's Mira Loma pistol range. At the time, Weaver was competing in Jeff Cooper's "Leatherslap" matches: quick draw, man-on-man competition in which two shooters vied to pop twelve 18" wide balloons set up 21 feet away, whichever shooter burst all the balloons first winning the bout. Weaver developed his technique as a way to draw a handgun quickly to eye level and use the weapon's sights to aim more accurately, and immediately began winning against opponents predominantly using unsighted "hip shooting" techniques. The Weaver technique was dubbed the "Weaver Stance" by gun writer and firearms instructor Jeff Cooper. Cooper widely publicized the Weaver stance in several of his books, as well as in articles published in the then-fledgling Guns & Ammo magazine. When Cooper started the American Pistol Institute firearms training school, now the Gunsite Training Center, in 1977, his modern technique of the pistol was built around a somewhat formalized "Classic Weaver Stance". Due to Cooper's influence, the Weaver stance became very popular among firearm professionals and enthusiasts. Notes Although the Weaver Stance was originally designed for pistols, it can be applied to virtually any type of firearm. However, the main principles of the stance must still be applied (support foot rear at shoulder length with support foot at forty-five degrees while support hand supports the weight of the firearm). This technique has many variations including stances with the support hand carrying a flashlight, knife, baton or other item. Although this firearm technique is still popular among shooting enthusiasts and firearm professionals, many current firearm instructors favor the Universal Shooting Stance and/or the Isosceles Stance. References External links The REAL Weaver Shooting Stance via YouTube American Handgunner feature on Jack Weaver American Rifleman examples of the Weaver Stance Firearm techniques

4041266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signorelli

Signorelli

Signorelli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Franco Signorelli (born 1991), Venezuelan footballer Frank Signorelli (1901–1975), American jazz pianist James Signorelli, American film director and cinematographer Luca Signorelli (c. 1445–1523), Italian Renaissance painter Marcelo Signorelli (born 1963), Italian-Uruguayan basketball player, coach, and author Maria Signorelli (1908-1992), Italian puppet master and collector Paolo Signorelli (politician) (1934-2010), Italian activist and politician Paolo Signorelli (footballer) (1939-2018), Italian footballer Pietro Napoli Signorelli (1731–1815), Italian scholar of classic literature Vincent Signorelli, American punk-rock drummer Italian-language surnames

4041272

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20air%20injection

Secondary air injection

Secondary air injection (commonly known as air injection) is a vehicle emissions control strategy introduced in 1966, wherein fresh air is injected into the exhaust stream to allow for a fuller secondary combustion of exhaust gases. Development The mechanism by which exhaust emissions are controlled depends on the method of injection and the point at which air enters the exhaust system, and has varied during the course of the development of the technology. The first systems injected air very close to the engine, either in the cylinder head's exhaust ports or in the exhaust manifold. These systems provided oxygen to oxidize (burn) unburned and partially burned fuel in the exhaust before its ejection from the tailpipe. There was significant unburned and partially burned fuel in the exhaust of 1960s and early 1970s vehicles, and so secondary air injection significantly reduced tailpipe emissions. However, the extra heat of recombustion, particularly with an excessively rich exhaust caused by misfiring or a maladjusted carburetor, tended to damage exhaust valves and could even be seen to cause the exhaust manifold to incandesce. As emission control strategies grew more sophisticated and effective, the amount of unburned and partially burned fuel in the exhaust stream shrank, and particularly when the catalytic converter was introduced, the function of secondary air injection shifted. Rather than being a primary emission control device, the secondary air injection system was adapted to support the efficient function of the catalytic converter. The original air injection point became known as the upstream injection point. When the catalytic converter is cold, air injected at the upstream point burns with the deliberately rich exhaust so as to bring the catalyst up to operating temperature quickly. Once the catalyst is warm, air is injected to the downstream location — the catalytic converter itself — to assist with catalysis of unburned hydrocarbons. Methods of implementation Pumped air injection Pumped air injection systems use a vane pump called the air pump, AIR pump, or colloquially "smog pump" turned by the engine via a belt or electric motor. The pump's air intake is filtered by a rotating screen or the vehicle air filter to exclude dirt particles large enough to damage the system. Air is delivered under light pressure to the injection point(s). A check valve prevents exhaust forcing its way back through the air injection system, which would damage the pump and other components. Carbureted engines' exhaust raw fuel content tends to spike when the driver suddenly releases the throttle. To prevent the startling and potentially damaging effects of the explosive combustion of this raw fuel, a diverter valve is used. This valve senses the sharp increase in the intake manifold vacuum resulting from the sudden closure of the throttle, and diverts the air pump's outlet to atmosphere. Usually this diverted air is routed to the engine air cleaner or to a separate silencer to muffle objectionable pump noise. Aspirated air injection Air injection can also be achieved by taking advantage of the negative pressure pulses in the exhaust system at engine idle. A sensitive reed valve assembly called the aspirator valve is placed in the air injection pumping, which draws its air directly from the clean side of the air filter. During engine idle, brief but periodic negative pressure pulses in the exhaust system draw air through the aspirator valve and into the exhaust stream at the catalytic converter. This system, marketed as Pulse Air, was used by American Motors, Chrysler, and other manufacturers beginning in the 1970s. The aspirator provided advantages in cost, weight, packaging, and simplicity compared to the pump. Also, since there is no pump requiring engine power, parasitic losses associated with the pump are eliminated. However, the aspirator functions only at idle and so admits significantly less air within a significantly narrower range of engine speeds compared to a pump. This system is still used on modern motorcycle engines, e.g. the Yamaha AIS (Air Injection System). See also Exhaust gas recirculation External links Jeep Adventures Under the Hood A detailed guide on the CEC system and how to tune it Details with diagrams of the Chevrolet Camaro AIR system www.camaros.org Engine technology

4041281

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swede%20Knox

Swede Knox

Thomas "Swede" Knox (March 2, 1948 – March 22, 2021) was a National Hockey League (NHL) linesman. He officiated over 2,248 NHL games, starting in 1972, and wore a helmet from the mid-1980s until his retirement in 2000. He also officiated five Stanley Cup Finals and one NHL All-Star Game. Early life Knox was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. As a youth, he was a longtime member of the equipment staff for the Edmonton Oil Kings, and is credited with staff on the roster for the team's 1963 Memorial Cup championship. His brother, Jim, was a goaltender for the Oil Kings' 1966 Memorial Cup championship. Career Knox started his NHL career based in Toronto, due to league rules regarding on ice officials' proximity to an NHL city. When the Edmonton Oilers joined the NHL for the , Knox and linesman Randy Mitton moved to Edmonton and Calgary, respectively, working as a tandem for games in Western Canada, including games in the Battle of Alberta between the Oilers and the Calgary Flames. Knox once filled in as referee during a game in Toronto in the early 1990s, when Don Koharski could not finish the game. It is unknown what number Knox wore on his stripped officiating jersey when the nameplates were changed back to numbers in . Personal life Knox graduated from Athabasca University in 1999 with a Bachelor of Administration degree. Knox died of cancer March 22, 2021. References External links Flyers History 1948 births 2021 deaths Athabasca University alumni Ice hockey people from Alberta National Hockey League officials Sportspeople from Edmonton

4041287

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigore%20Vieru

Grigore Vieru

Grigore Vieru (; 14 February 1935, Pererîta, Hotin County, Kingdom of Romania – 18 January 2009, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova) was a Moldavian poet, writer and unionist advocate. Known for his poems and books for children. His poetry is characterized by vivid natural scenery, patriotism, as well as a venerated image of the sacred mother. Vieru wrote in the Romanian language. In 1993 he was elected a correspondent member of the Romanian Academy. Early life He was born in Pererîta village, Hotin County, at the time, part of Romania (today part of Briceni district, Moldova). His parents, Pavel and Eudochia Vieru (née Didic) were farmers. In 1950, he graduated from the 7-grade school of his native village, after which he attended the middle school in Lipcani, which he graduated in 1953. Personal life Vieru was married to Raisa Vieru since 1959; they had two sons, Teodor and Călin Vieru. Creative work His first publishing debut was in 1957, a booklet of poems for children, «Alarma» («Alarm»), appreciated by literary critics.The following year, Vieru graduated from the Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University in Chișinău with a degree in history and philology. He was employed as an editor in the magazine called «Scînteia Leninistă» («The Leninist Spark») designed for children, currently it is called «Noi» («We»), and the newspaper «Tînărul leninist» («The Young Leninist»), currently «Florile Dalbe» («Glowing Flowers»). In 1959, he became editor at the «Nistru» («Dniester») magazine, currently «Basarabia», a publication of the Writers' Union of Moldova. From 1960 to 1963, he served as editor in chief of the «Cartea Moldovenească» («Moldavian book») publishing house. In 1967, Vieru's book «Poetry for Readers of All Ages» (published in 1965) was awarded the Moldavian Prize for Youth Literature. The following year, his book «Your Name» became part of the contemporary literature curriculum in Moldavian universities He wrote another children's story/picture book «Bread and Dew» which features Doru, a 4 or 5-year-old boy who lives in Chișinău with his parents. Many moldavian composers were inspired by the poetry of Grigore Vieru (songbook «Poftim de intrați», «Cine crede» etc.), the poet himself is the author of a lot of melodies («Să crești mare» etc.) and since 1964 he began to collaborate with composer Yulia Tsibulskaya («Soare, soare», «Clopoțeii», «Stea-stea, logostea», «Ramule-neamule», «Cîntînd cu iubire» etc.). He was a frequent guest of the «Poetry House»in Cociulia village, Cantemir District. The famous book for preschoolers «Albinuța» was also written here. 1968 was turning point for the poet's destiny; this year became remarkable by the volume of lyrical «Numele Tău» («Your name»), with an introductory written by Ion Druță. The book was appreciated by literary critics as the most original poetic appearance. In the year of it publishing, it became a subject of the study at the university within the courses designated for the contemporary national literature. Three poems in the volume are entitled: Tudor Arghezi, Lucian Blaga, Brâncuși, and another two are dedicated to Nicolae Labiș and Marin Sorescu. For the first time, in the post war period, such dedications has appeared in the Bessarabian lyrics. Political activity Since 1971, Grigore Vieru has been a member of Komsomol Organisation, the youth division of the Communist Party. In 1973, Grigore Vieru has passed the Prut within a delegation of Soviet writers. He participated in the meeting with the editors of the «20th Century» magazine: Dan Haulică, Ștefan Augustin Doinaș, Ioanichie Olteanu, Geo Șerban, Tatiana Nicolescu. At his request, he has visited monasteries of Putna, Voroneț, Sucevița, Dragomirna, Văratec. He returned to Chișinău with a bag of books. Later the poet makes the following confession: In 1974 and 1977, invited by the president of the Romanian Writers' Union, Vieru visited Bucharest, Constanța, Iași, and cities in Transylvania. In 1978, the «Junimea» publishing house printed «The Friday Star», Vieru's first work published in Romania. In 1989 he was elected member of Moldova's Parliament and campaigned for the unification of Romania and Moldova. The following year he was elected Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy. In 1992, the Romanian Academy recommended Vieru for the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1995, he became a member of the Board of the Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company, and in 1996 he won several Romanian literary awards. In 2000, Vieru was awarded the «Eminescu» Medal by the Romanian government. Involvement in the Bessarabia National Liberation Movement At the end of the 80s, Grigore Vieru is in the first line of the National Liberation Movement in Bessarabia, his texts (including the songs laid on his lyrics) playing a big role in awakening of the national consciousness of Romanians in Bessarabia. Vieru is one of the founders of the People's Front of Moldova and is among the organizers and leaders of the Great National Assembly of August 27, 1989. He actively participates in the debates of the 13th session of the Supreme Soviet of the SSR, in which the Romanian language is voted as the official language and the transition to Latin spelling. Death On January 16, 2009 Vieru suffered a serious traffic accident and was admitted to the Emergency Hospital in Chișinău. Grigore Vieru was in critical condition with polytrauma, closed cranio-cerebral trauma, cerebral contusion, and closed chest trauma, contusion of the heart and lungs and contusion of the abdominal organs, with minimal chances of survival. The road accident took place on the night of January 15 to 16, at 1:30 am on the R-3 route Chișinău – Hâncești – Cimișlia – Basarabeasca. At the driver’s seat was Gheorghe Munteanu, emeritus artist of the Republic of Moldova and deputy director of the "Joc" folk dance troop of Chișinău, who being in an easier state. At the time, he was out with friends celebrating the birthday of Mihai Eminescu, a 19th-century Romanian poet. Vieru died on January 18, 2009, in the Emergency Hospital in Chișinău two days after the accident, following a cardiac failure from which he could not be resuscitated. Grigore Vieru was buried on January 20, 2009 in Chișinău, at the Central Cemetery on Armeana street. The funeral was attended by tens of thousands of people, the divisions of Grigore Vieru, as professor Dan Dungaciu called them in his article. Chișinău had not known such funerals since the burial of the spouses Doina and Ion Aldea Teodorovici. The day of January 20, 2009 was declared a day of mourning in the Republic of Moldova, at 10:00 the whole republic having a moment of silence. Vieru's funeral was also broadcast live by Teleradio Moldova. Legacy Several schools in the Republic of Moldova, a boulevard in Chișinău and a street in Iași are called in honour of Grigore Vieru. On February 11, 2010, three days before his birthday, the poet's bust was installed in the Alley of Classics. A street in Buzău is called in honour of Grigore Vieru: Grigore Vieru Street. Awards In 1996 he won several Romanian literary awards, and in the same year on August 23rd, he won Order of the Republic (Moldova). The Romanian president Traian Băsescu has posthumously awarded Grigore Vieru with the Order of the Star of Romania, Grand Cross. Moments in Vieru's life In the volume of lyrics designed for children "Trei iezi" (Three baby goats) published in 1970, there was also the poem called "Curcubeul" (The Rainbow), in which Vieru, used the metaphor of the rainbow with three colours, praised the flag of all Romanians. In short period of time after the book publishing, the Soviet censorship withdrew the book from the bookstores, and the author was accused of diversion. Also in 1970, has appeared The Abecedarul book developed by Vieru in collaboration with the writer Spiridon Vangheli. Even nowadays, this textbook, which was edited many times over time, still teaches the first class little Bessarabians. In 1989, Vieru and Vangheli also made the Latin alphabet version of The Abecedarul. Vieru wrote, among many others, the lyrics for the soundtrack of the cartoon film Maria, Mirabela, and the Vieru’s poem "Dragă Otee" (Dear Otee) has been sung by Iurie Sadovnic. Later, the song was taken over by Zdob și Zdub. In 1988, in the newspaper Literatura şi Arta (Literature and Art) in Chișinău, the first Latin-written text from post-war Bessarabia has appeared. The author was Grigore Vieru. In June 1989, Vieru has got the approval of the Soviet authorities to publish the weekly Literatura si Arta in Latin writing, the editors of the newspaper mentioned that in all Soviet Moldova there were no typewriter of Latin letters, except the one from the Academy of Sciences of the MSSR and of professor Iulius Popa from Bălți. Under these conditions, Grigore Vieru and the editor-in-chief of Literatura și Arta, Nicolae Dabija, went to Bucharest to get the typewriter for the newspaper. The Romanian authorities were delaying the answer, and the antiquarian shop from which they could buy such a device was closed these days because of some technical issues. However, Vieru and Dabija were helped by the priest Vasile Țepordei, who brought to the station a bag containing the 31 metallic signs of the Latin alphabet, cut by him from his own typewriter. In Chișinău, the Latin signs are welded to a typewriter instead of the Cyrillic ones, so Literatura și Arta magazine became the first newspaper of Bessarabia to start systematically coming out in Latin spelling. In 1994, the neo-communists of the Democratic Agrarian Party, who came to power in Moldova, gave up to the state hymn Deșteaptă-te, române! (Awaken thee, Romanian!) and proposed to the poet Grigore Vieru and the composer Eugen Doga to compose the lyrics and music for a new hymn. They both refused. Grigore Vieru wrote in the Literatura și Arta magazine the following: Works 1957 – "Alarma" (Alarm) (lyrics for children); 1958 – "Muzicuțe" (Musical notes) (lyrics for children); 1961 – "Făt-Frumos curcubeul și Bună ziua, fulgilor!" (Făt-Frumos the rainbow and Good morning, the flakes!) by the "Cartea Moldovenească" publishing house; 1963 – "Mulțumim pentru pace" (Thanks for peace) (lyrics) and "Făgurași" (lyrics, stories and songs); 1964 - The magazine "Nistru" published the poem "Legământ" (The Covenan), dedicated to poet Mihai Eminescu; 1965 – "Versuri pentru cititorii de toate vârstele" (The lyrics for readers of all ages), with an introductory word written by Ion Druță and for this lyrics the poet was awarded The Comsomol Republican Prize in the field of children's and youth literature (1967); 1967 – "Poezii de seama voastră" (Poems of your age) ("Lumina" publishing house); 1968 – "Bărbații Moldovei" (Moldova’s Men), designed to the "nationalist" Nicolae Testimițeanu ("Nistru" magazine). The whole circulation was stopped, and the dedication taken away; 1969 – "Duminica cuvintelor" (The Words of Sunday) by "Lumina" publishing house with illustrations by Igor Vieru, a book much loved by pre-schoolers, which is present in every kindergarten; 1970 - "Abecedarul" ("Lumina" publishing house) - in collaboration with Spiridon Vangheli and painter Igor Vieru; 1972 – "Trei iezi" (Three baby goats); 1974 – "Aproape" (Nearby) (lyrics, with color illustrations by Isai Cârmu); 1975 – "Mama" (The Mother) ("Lumina" publishing house - book for the little ones, illustrated by Igor Vieru); 1976 – "Un verde ne vede!"(A green one sees us!) ("Lumina" publishing house – for this volume of lyrics the poem is awarded the State Prize of the Republic of Moldova (1978); 1989 – "Metafore Albastre" - Сини метафори (The Blue metaphors) - ("Narodna cultura" publishing house, Sofia - in the collection Globus poetic, translation into Bulgarian by Ognean Stamboliev; 2010 – "Mi-e dor de piatră" - Жал ми е за камъка (I miss the stone) – publishing house Avangardprint, Bulgaria - translation into Bulgarian and preface by Ognean Stamboliev - 100 poems. It is present in: Streiflicht – Eine Auswahl zeitgenössischer rumänischer Lyrik (81 rumänische Autoren), - "Lumina piezișă" (Pie light'') the bilingual anthology consisted of 81 Romanian writers, translated by Christian W. Schenk, Dionysos Verlag 1994, Music on lyrics by Vieru Maria Mirabela Dragă Otee Pentru Ea Răsai Eminescu La mănăstirea Căpriana (Clopotul Învierii) Lăsați-ne în legea noastră Două lacrimi gemene (Chișinău și București) O serenadă Melancolie Ultima oră Reaprindeți candela Mi-e dor de tine, mamă Codrul e frumos cu floare Gallery See also Unification of Romania and Moldova References External links Grigore Vieru – virtual monument A biography of Grigore Vieru Valerian Ciobanu-Vieru: Pe cer a mai urcat o stea, poezie.ro La moartea lui Grigore Vieru GRIGORE VIERU - Evocare de NICOLAE DABIJA 1935 births 2009 deaths People from Briceni District Moldovan poets Male poets 20th-century Romanian poets Romanian male poets Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania Road incident deaths in Moldova Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy Recipients of the Order of the Republic (Moldova) 20th-century Romanian male writers Moldovan male writers

4041297

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic%20arches

Aortic arches

The aortic arches or pharyngeal arch arteries (previously referred to as branchial arches in human embryos) are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to the great arteries of the neck and head. They are ventral to the dorsal aorta and arise from the aortic sac. The aortic arches are formed sequentially within the pharyngeal arches and initially appear symmetrical on both sides of the embryo, but then undergo a significant remodelling to form the final asymmetrical structure of the great arteries. Structure Arches 1 and 2 The first and second arches disappear early. A remnant of the 1st arch forms part of the maxillary artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The ventral end of the second develops into the ascending pharyngeal artery, and its dorsal end gives origin to the stapedial artery, a vessel which typically atrophies in humans but persists in some mammals. The stapedial artery passes through the ring of the stapes and divides into supraorbital, infraorbital, and mandibula branches which follow the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The infraorbital and mandibular branches arise from a common stem, the terminal part of which anastomoses with the external carotid artery. On the obliteration of the stapedial artery, this anastomosis enlarges and forms the internal maxillary artery; branches formerly of the stapedial artery are subsequently considered branches of the internal maxillary artery. The common stem of the infraorbital and mandibular branches passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve and becomes the middle meningeal artery; the original supraorbital branch of the stapedial is represented by the orbital twigs of the middle meningeal. Note that the external carotid buds from the horns of the aortic sac left behind by the regression of the first two arches. Arch 3 The third aortic arch constitutes the commencement of the internal carotid artery, and is therefore named the carotid arch. It contributes to the common carotid artery and the proximal portion of the internal carotid artery. Arch 4 Also known as the systemic arch. The fourth right arch forms the most proximal segment of the right subclavian artery, as far as the origin of its internal thoracic branch. The fourth left arch forms a part of the arch of the aorta, between the origin of the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries. Arch 5 The fifth arch either never forms or forms incompletely and then regresses. Arch 6 The proximal part of the sixth right arch persists as the proximal part of the right pulmonary artery while the distal section degenerates; The sixth left arch gives off the left pulmonary artery and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1–3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The ductus arteriosus connects at a junction point that has a low pressure zone (commonly called Bernoulli's principle) created by the inferior curvature (inner radius) of the artery. This low pressure region allows the artery to receive (siphon) the blood flow from the pulmonary artery which is under a higher pressure. However, it is extremely likely that the major force driving flow in this artery is the markedly different arterial pressures in the pulmonary and systemic circulations due to the different arteriolar resistances. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch. Clinical significance Most defects of the great arteries arise as a result of persistence of aortic arches that normally should regress or regression of arches that normally shouldn't. Aberrant subclavian artery; with regression of the right aortic arch 4 and the right dorsal aorta, the right subclavian artery has an abnormal origin on the left side, just below the left subclavian artery. To supply blood to the right arm, this forces the right subclavian artery to cross the midline behind the trachea and esophagus, which may constrict these organs, although usually with no clinical symptoms. A double aortic arch; occurs with the development of an abnormal right aortic arch in addition to the left aortic arch, forming a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus, which usually causes difficulty breathing and swallowing. Occasionally, the entire right dorsal aorta abnormally persists and the left dorsal aorta regresses in which case the right aorta will have to arch across from the esophagus causing difficulty breathing or swallowing. Right-sided aortic arch Patent ductus arteriosus Coarctation of the aorta Additional images See also Pharyngeal arches References External links Diagram at University of Michigan Embryology of cardiovascular system Pharyngeal arches

4041311

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJZE

WJZE

WJZE (Hot 97-3) is a Mainstream Urban radio station serving the Toledo area in Ohio, United States. The Urban Radio Broadcasting outlet broadcasts at 97.3 MHz with an ERP of 4,300 Watts and is licensed to Oak Harbor, Ohio. The station's studios are located in downtown Toledo, and its transmitter is located west of Woodville, Ohio. History Jazzy 97 The Station was originally assigned the call letters WUIA but they were never used. 97.3 FM signed on September 18, 1993 with a Smooth Jazz format known as Jazzy 97, the call letters WJZE matched the station's name. The station was owned by Oak Harbor Community Broadcasting, Inc. The company's name would later change to RASP Broadcasting Enterprises, Inc. Studios and offices were located at 1600 Woodville Road in nearby Millbury. Classic Rock 97.3 WJZE WJZE dropped its smooth jazz format for classic rock in mid-1996. A few months prior to the change, 94.5 WXKR had dropped its popular classic rock format for Adult Alternative, leaving Toledo without a full-time classic rock station. The station became simply known as "Classic Rock 97.3 WJZE, the station that brought classic rock back to Toledo". WJZE did moderately well despite its spotty signal on the west side of town. However, on February 2, 1998, 94.5 WXKR changed its format back to classic rock. It soon became apparent, that with WXKR's 30,000–watt signal, WJZE could not compete with only 3,000 watts of power. Buzz 106.5 and 97.3 In the summer of 1998, WJZE dumped its Classic rock format for a full-time simulcast of WBUZ, going by the name "Buzz 106.5 and 97.3". WBUZ (now WTOD) was sold to Cumulus Broadcasting in early 1999. 106.5 rebranded itself as "Pure Rock 106", the only time 97.3 was mentioned was in the top of the hour ID. The simulcast on WJZE continued until the agreement between WJZE and Cumulus ended. 97.3 The Fox On August 1, 2000, Clear Channel Broadcasting (now iHeartRadio) entered into a local marketing Agreement (LMA) with WJZE's owner RASP Broadcasting. The station became 97.3 The Fox, with a classic hits format. The station ran without DJs most of the day. Hot 97.3 In early 2005, RASP Broadcasting sold WJZE to Urban Radio Broadcasting. On March 15, the classic hits format was dropped in favor of an Urban format as "Hot 97.3". External links New HOT 97.3 Homepage JZE Mainstream urban radio stations in the United States Urban Radio Broadcasting radio stations

4041315

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosylvania

Moosylvania

Moosylvania is a fictional island located in the Lake of the Woods along the Canada–United States border that served as a plot device in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. The island has no permanent population, and conditions are said to be harsh and unpleasant. The island is in a state of terra nullius, since neither Canada nor the United States wants to claim the land and each country says it belongs to the other. (See Bir Tawil for a similar real-life example of this.) Bullwinkle J. Moose serves as Moosylvania's presumed namesake and its governor but only stays two weeks at a time, since (according to Bullwinkle) "after two weeks here, anyplace else in the world feels like Heaven!" In the series finale "Moosylvania Saved," Fearless Leader, the head of state of the Eastern European state of Pottsylvania, attempts to destroy Moosylvania. The plot is foiled when Bullwinkle, who was going to go down with his sinking country, asked Rocky for a stick of gum, which inspired Rocky the Flying Squirrel to raise up Moosylvania with bubble gum balloons. The plan worked and Moosylvania was saved, giving the series a happy ending. In the fall of 1962, Jay Ward, producer of the Rocky and Bullwinkle show, decided to campaign for statehood for Moosylvania. Ward sent Skip Craig to Minnesota to buy an island in Lake of the Woods. Craig wasn't able to find one for sale on the U.S. side of the lake (most of the islands in that lake belong to Canada), but managed to lease one for three years. Ward and publicist Howard Brandy conducted a cross-country tour in a decorated van, gathering signatures on a petition for statehood for Moosylvania. While in Washington, D.C., they sought an audience with President John F. Kennedy. However, they arrived at the White House on the very day the Cuban Missile Crisis broke, and were ordered to leave. A national anthem for Moosylvania was included on the mini-album A Salute to Moosylvania!! Recorded Live at the Moosylvania Jazz Festival, self-released by Jay Ward in 1962. References Fictional locations in North America Fictional islands The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends Micronations in the United States Lake of the Woods

4041325

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20Tweedie

Clan Tweedie

Tweedie or Tweedy is a Scottish clan name. The Clan Tweedie does not currently have a chief recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms and is therefore considered an Armigerous clan. However the surname is also considered a sept of the Clan Fraser. The name is derived from the lands of Tweedie which were along the Valley of the River Tweed in Peebleshire in the Scottish Borders. History Mythical origins of the clan Scottish tradition ascribes the origin of the Tweedie name to be that of a water sprite in the River Tweed. Legend tells of a husband who went off to fight in the crusades and while he was away his young wife became pregnant and so he returned home to find he had a son. His wife then told him that she had gone down to the banks of the River Tweed and had been accosted by a fairy of the river and become pregnant by him. Her husband, for whatever reason, chose to believe this story but on the condition that the son kept the surname of Tweedie. However the family name was certainly derived from the lands of Tweedie whether the story about the water fairy or spirit is true or not. Early history The Tweedies have a history of being a powerful and domineering family, whose principal seat was Drumelzier in Tweeddale. The first recorded Tweedie is John de Tueda as he describes himself in the reign of Alexander II (1214–1249), who afterwards had a Charter from Alexander III (1249–1286), granted him under the name of John de Tuedy. He was the owner of lands on the River Tweed from which the family took their name, and even then the family connections and possessions were widespread and powerful Finlay de Twydyn appears in the Ragman Rolls of 1296 swearing fealty to King Edward I of England, and his son Roger of Twydyn, received a charter to the house and lands of Drumelzier around 1320. The family held these lands for over 300 years. Chambers in his History of Peebleshire described the Tweedies as being a savage race and another commentator of the eighteenth century described them as being a powerful and domineering family. Tweedie of Drummelzier The main centre of the Tweedie family until the 17th century was at Drummelzier, with other branches living at Wrae, Stobo, Dreva, Fruid and other forts and peel towers along the valley. The early history is one of lawlessness, typical of the Scottish borders at that time, with deadly feuds with neighbouring families, particularly the Veitch's. The Tweedies would charge tolls on travellers passing through their territory, be accused or the victims of cattle rustling, and become embroiled in affrays, often fatal, in the streets of Edinburgh. A major incident occurred in 1524 when a large group of Tweedies were involved in the slaughter of Lord Fleming (chief of Clan Fleming) and the abduction of his son Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming – the dispute concerning the latter's intention to marry Catherine Fraser who in fact ended up marrying James Tweedie of Drummelzier. In 1592 another James Tweedie of Drumelzier was accused of the murder of Geddes of Glenhegdon in Edinburgh. The complaint against him states that it was not known how many slaughters had been committed by James Tweedie of Drumelzier and his friends. The ancient quarrel with the Veitches still broke out at times, and in 1611 attracted the notice of King James, one of whose last acts before leaving for England was to visit the district of Upper Tweedale with a view to staunching this bloody feud. However a year later it is said James Tweedie lay dead after a duel with Veitch of Dawick. The fortunes of the Drummelzier family declined, and in 1633 the last Tweedie of Drummelzier was forced to sell the Barony of Drummelzier to Lord Hay of Yester. Tweedie of Oliver The Tweedies of Oliver Castle descend from a younger son of Drumelzier and they obtained their lands in the parish of Tweedsmuir from the preceptor of Torphichen in the 14th century. In 1524 Thomas Tweedie of Oliver Castle was implicated in the murder of Lord Fleming (chief of Clan Fleming) which erupted into a bloody feud between the two families. Thomas was exiled from Scotland for three years in 1521. His son William is said to have been implicated in the conspiracy to murder Rizzio, the favourite of Mary, Queen of Scots. He and Adam Tweedie were among the body of armed men who, headed by Darnley, Morton, Ruthven, and others, on the night of 9 March 1566, rushed into the Palace at Holyrood and in the Queen's presence assassinated David Rizzio, her foreign Secretary and favourite musician. Along with the other conspirators, they were summoned on 19 March following to appear personally before the King and Queen and the Lords of the Secret Council to answer for the crime. Subsequently, the Tweedies of Oliver adopted a more settled existence as comparatively prosperous landowners. In 1745 the Laird of that time, Thomas Tweedie, and other members of the family were careful to avoid any involvement in the Jacobite rising when Highland clans crossed the valley. However Tweedies attestation to the considerate and respectful behaviour Captain John Burnet of Colonel Grant's Highland Regiment on that occasion may have contributed to the latter's subsequent pardon. Later descent from Oliver This Thomas Tweedie married Mary Stevenson daughter of Alexander Stevenson of Venlaw Castle Their eldest son James inherited Oliver, but the line died out with Lawrence Tweedie (died 1837) who bequeathed Oliver to his nephew George Stodart provided he took the surname Tweedie and quartered the arms. The resulting Tweedie-Stodart descent has also since died out. Thomas Tweedie's second son, another Thomas who lived at Kingledoors, is the antecedent of most of the Tweedies of Oliver descent through his son Alexander. Of Alexander's three sons, Thomas Stevenson Tweedie (1784–1855) became a surgeon in the East India Company. He had a family through an Anglo-Indian wife which he later disowned, and another family in Scotland. He added largely to the Quarter estate by purchasing many ancient possessions of the family, Kingledoors, Glenrath and Wrae, and also Rachan. His brother Maurice Tweedie (1787–1867) was a major general in the Indian Army who was Resident at Tanjore, served through the Coorg Campaign and other fighting, and commanded troops at Penang, Singapore, and Malacca. The third brother Michael Tweedie (1791–1874) also a soldier served in the Royal Artillery during the Peninsular War (1808–14). He married Frances Forbes and moved the Kent, establishing the Rawlinson Rolvenden line. Michael Tweedie's son, another Michael Tweedie (1836–1917), was a major-general in the 1850s, throughout the Crimean War and during the Indian Mutiny. His son Admiral Sir Hugh Tweedie (1877–1951) had a distinguished naval career in the Royal Navy – he was aide-de-camp to King George V in 1925 and retired as an admiral in 1936, but was recalled at the outbreak of World War II. He was created a Knight of the Bath, in addition to holding the French Legion of Honour and the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun. Michael Forbes Tweedie, grandson of the first Michael Tweedie, is noted as the author of the Tweedie family history in 1902. Another descendant of the first Michael Tweedie was the naturalist Michael Tweedie, director of the Raffles Museum in Singapore. Another Tweedie line, which is closely connected to Oliver, stems from Alexander Tweedie (died 1740) of Nether Minzion via his son James. James’ son Alexander Tweedie (1759–1811) moved to Dreva, and his son James Tweedie of Coates gave rise to families in Scotland and Chicago. A second son Thomas Tweedie (1760–1848) moved to Patavan and also had widely dispersed descendants. Several others with the name Tweedie, identified in Peebles, surrounding areas of Peebleshire and Edinburgh up to the 19th century are most likely offshoots of the Tweed valley family. Tweedy of Essex, The Hoo, Kempston, and Widmore Lodge The branch descends from a George Twedye, born c. 1430, who was recorded in the Herald's Visitation of Essex 1558 and 1612 as coming "owt of Scotland frome a howse called Dromelzane". His arms were noted as Quarterly 1st & 4th Argent a saltire engrailed Gules a Chief Azure (for Twedye); 2nd & 3rd Azure a Cross pattee ermine between 3 Cinquefoils Or, (for Fraser) – a heraldic reference to the Tweedie connection with the Frasers. George's exact relationship to the Tweedies of Drummelzier has not been established. His great grandson, William Twedy, died in 1605 and is buried at Little Sampford, Essex. His memorial describes him as a distinguished military commander first under Queen Elizabeth of glorious memory in suppressing the tumults of the north of England, next under the invincible hero the Lord Baron de Willoughby in France, and lastly under the auspices of the illustrious Earl of Leicester, in the Netherlands, and was Warden of the military works at Bergen-op-Zoom. The family remained in Essex until the 16th century, when it moved to Yorkshire before returning to the South of England in the 18th century. The family was centred on Bromley, Kent. Colonel George Tweedy HEIC lived at Bromley House, John Newman Tweedy lived at Widmore House and his son, Arthur Hearne Tweedy, at Widmore Lodge. The family's connection with Bromley is commemorated by the naming of Tweedy Road in the centre of the town. Arthur Hearne Tweedy died in 1925 unmarried, and the family is now represented by Captain Christopher John Tweedy, late of the Black Watch. Other branches In addition to the Tweedie families listed above, Michael Forbes Tweedie recorded the following pedigrees in his book The History of the Tweedie or Tweedy Family: The Descendants Of The Rev. William King Tweedie, D.D. Tweedy Of Cornwall. Tweedie Of New Brunswick. Tweedy Of Cloonamahon. Tweedie In Quothquan, co.Sligo, Ireland. Alexander Leslie Tweedie. Tweedie in Dreva and Minzon, and of Coats Alexander Gladstone Tweedie. Tweedie From Lindores. Andrew Tweedie in Edinburgh Tweedie in Broughton Mains See also Tweedie Tweedy Tartan Tartan: There is no registered tartan for this clan, but the Fraser tartan may be worn. As at 2007 seven other Tweedie/Tweedy Coats of Arms have been registered at the Lyon Court, Edinburgh References External links Michael Forbes Tweedie The History of the Tweedie or Tweedy Family (1902) Web Archive Tweedie & Tweedy Genealogy Tweedie and Tweedy Coats of Arms (20 variants) Scottish clans Armigerous clans

4041326

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Nievez

Jimmy Nievez

Jimmy Nievez, born in 1969, is a disc jockey of New York City, Boston, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. And Program Director from San Juan, Puerto Rico. His most recent accomplishments were as Program Director of two of Uno Radio Group's most important radio stations, Fidelity and SalSoul. At Fidelity, an adult contemporary station, Nievez was able to bring the station the luster it had lost. This earned him the respect of his superiors and the chance to Program their most difficult and important station, SalSoul. His career started in the mid-1980s. After several years of disc jockeying in numerous radio stations, Nieves became one of the original disc jockeys of Cosmos 94 FM, Tu Emisora Radioactiva. The first radio station targeting Underground Rap followers, known today as the music phenomenon reggaeton. Cosmos was also the first radio chain in Puerto Rico, covering the entire island. In 1998, Jimmy was offered the opportunity to be part of a new radio station in New York, Caliente 105.9. Nieves was co-host of "La Jungla De New York" (The New York Jungle), alongside Danny Cruz. An afternoon drive talk show, which soon became the stations' biggest hit. At Caliente, he was also in charge of creating the station's identity. In New York City, television became an integral part of his resume, as he co-hosted a variety and entertainment show called "Sabado Al Mediodia" (Saturday at Midday), which became the top rated local Spanish television program on Univision's New York affiliate, WXTV-41. Nievez was given the opportunity to host Jimmy y Boquita En La Manana on WEMG in Boston, with Dominican comedian Rosemery Almonte. Boquita achieving the highest ratings in the station's history. Following his success in Boston, came yet another chance at hosting a morning talk show in the Big Apple and his third DJ gig in a brand new project. At Rumba 107.1 FM, Nieves hosted "Wassup NY", while still working with "Boquita". He returned to Puerto Rico to work again with Danny Cruz, in La Perrera (The Dog House). An afternoon drive talk show on Puerto Rico's top-rated radio network, Cadena Salsoul. Nieves was then called, for a third time, to host a show in NYC once again. Alongside Dominican entertainer Frederick Martinez, "El Pacha", El Jangueo (Hanging) at WCAA, became the biggest hit at New York's only reggaeton station. Today He leaves the stages and the lights to become one of the most important executives in the radio of Puerto Rico. He is the director of Uno Radio Group. Appearances, interviews, and awards He has been interviewed on television shows such as "Despierta America" (Univision) and "Escandalo TV" (Telefutura), and has also appeared in mayor local Latino events such as the Puerto Rican Day Parade (Timeline of New York City events) and Dominican Day Parade. He has himself interviewed many major Latino celebrities and personalities including Ricky Martin, Juanes, Celia Cruz, Rubén Blades, Alejandro Fernández, Shakira, and Daddy Yankee. Early years He was born in New York City (Spanish Harlem, also known as East Harlem or El Barrio) to Puerto Rican parents. At the age of ten Jimmy's family moved to Puerto Rico where he grew up and lived most of his youth years. At age 14, he started working at different radio stations in the southern coast of Puerto Rico, soon he was doing everything from production, to board operator, and DJing. He even gained experience as a Program Director of WENA, in Yauco, Puerto Rico. It was this experience at WENA which later became evident in his success at Uno Radio Group. He got the opportunity to host his first morning show on WRIO FM in Ponce City. From there on, Jimmy garnered enough experience to take him to the radio big leagues in NYC. External links Jimmy Nieves La Kalle 105.9 FM Arbitron Bajo Fuego See also El Jangueo List of Puerto Ricans American radio personalities Living people 1969 births People from East Harlem People from San Juan, Puerto Rico

4041327

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Courtney

USS Courtney

USS Courtney has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to: , a patrol vessel, originally named William J. Courtney, in commission from 1917 to 1919 , a destroyer escort in commission from 1956 to 1973 See also , a patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1918 United States Navy ship names

4041335

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer%20ginnala

Acer ginnala

Acer ginnala, the Amur maple, is a plant species with woody stems native to northeastern Asia from easternmost Mongolia east to Korea and Japan, and north to the Russian Far East in the Amur River valley. It is a small maple with deciduous leaves that is sometimes grown as a garden subject or boulevard tree. Description Acer ginnala is a deciduous spreading shrub or small tree growing to tall, with a short trunk up to diameter and slender branches. The bark is thin, dull gray-brown, and smooth at first but becoming shallowly fissured on old plants. The leaves are opposite and simple, long and wide, deeply palmately lobed with three or five lobes, of which two small basal lobes (sometimes absent) and three larger apical lobes; the lobes are coarsely and irregularly toothed, and the upper leaf surface glossy. The leaves turn brilliant orange to red in autumn, and are on slender, often pink-tinged, petioles long. The flowers are yellow-green, diameter, produced in spreading panicles in spring as the leaves open. The fruit is a paired reddish samara, long with a wing, maturing in late summer to early autumn. Taxonomy Amur maple is closely related to Acer tataricum (Tatar maple), and some botanists treat it as a subspecies A. tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm. The glossy, deeply lobed leaves of A. ginnala distinguish it from A. tataricum, which has matte, unlobed or only shallowly lobed leaves. Cultivation and uses Acer ginnala is grown as an ornamental plant in northern regions of Europe and North America. It is the most cold-tolerant maple, hardy to zone 2. It is naturalised in parts of North America. Planted on exceptional sites facing south west with consistent moisture and light loamy soils, this tree can grow 3 to 4 feet per year making it a fast grower. It is often planted as a shrub along borders. In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is also valued in Japan and elsewhere as a species suitable for bonsai. It is a nonnative invasive species in parts of northern America. Cultivars Due to its vigor and fall colors of yellows and bright reds, the size being a small tree of 6 metres (20 feet) wide by 6 m tall on average, it suits many for smaller landscapes and for planting under power lines. Cultivars have emerged for those wanting these attributes. Flame (Fiery red autumn foliage, very strong vigor) References External links Winter ID pictures ginnala Flora of Mongolia Flora of China Flora of the Russian Far East Flora of Eastern Asia Plants used in bonsai Garden plants of Asia Trees of Korea

4041339

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon%20%28Caroline%27s%20Spine%20album%29

Monsoon (Caroline's Spine album)

Monsoon is the fifth studio album and first major label album by American alternative rock band Caroline's Spine. It featured almost entirely songs that can be found on their previous independent releases but were re-recorded or remastered for this album. The single "Sullivan" climbed to #23 on Billboard’s Mainstream Rock chart, as well as #14 on R&R’s Active Rock Chart. The success of this album also earned them a gig playing on board the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise. Track listing All songs written by Jimmy Newquist. "King For a Day" – 3:17 "You & Me" – 4:22 "Sullivan" – 4:05 "Wallflower" – 4:56 "Monsoon" – 4:34 "Unglued" – 2:38 "Trio' Pain" – 2:50 "Psycho" – 3:19 "Necro" – 3:07 "So Good Afternoon" – 5:32 "Say it to You" – 3:22 "Sweet N' Sour" – 3:08 "Hippie Boy" – 4:30 Personnel Jimmy Newquist - vocals, guitar, bass, discipline Mark Haugh - guitar, vocals, the way Jason Gilardi - drums and protection Scott Jones - bass, vocals, snacker Additional personnel Edgar "Chodie" Knoll - sound Technical Information from album liner. Produced by Jimmy Newquist and Caroline's Spine Executive producer and A&R direction: Mitchell Leib All words and music by Jimmy Newquist (BMI) Recorded by Dan Calderone Assistant Joe Statt Recorded at ANZA Digital - San Diego, California Mixed by Nick DiDia Assistant Caram Costanzo Mixed at Southern Tracks Studios - Atlanta, GA Mastered by Stephen Marcussen at Precision Mastering Managerial and design The law - David Rudich Esq. Business manager - Shapiro and Company Management - Doc McGhee and Sandy Rizzo for McGhee Entertainment Creative director - Dave Snow Art direction and design - Jennifer Tough Photography - Matthew Welch Cover photograph - Renard Garr Styling - Keki Mingus Hair and grooming - Natalie McGowan Spencer Calligraphy - Nancy Ogami References 1997 albums Caroline's Spine albums Hollywood Records albums

4041345

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Are%20We%20Done%20Yet%3F

Are We Done Yet?

Are We Done Yet? is a 2007 American family comedy film directed by Steve Carr and starring Ice Cube. The film is a remake of the 1948 Cary Grant comedy film Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House, previously remade as the 1986 Tom Hanks comedy film The Money Pit, and a sequel to the 2005 film Are We There Yet? The screenplay is by Hank Nelken. It was produced by Revolution Studios and RKO Pictures and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The film was shot on location in Tsawwassen, British Columbia, Canada, but is set in Newberg, Oregon, United States. Plot Two years after the events of the first film, Nick Persons has married Suzanne and moved her children, Kevin and Lindsey into his apartment, as well as purchasing a 2007 Cadillac Escalade after he accidentally burnt up his Lincoln Navigator SUV. He has also sold his sports memorabilia store to his friend, Marty. The family has also bought a Berger Picard pet dog and named it Coco. Kevin and Lindsey have both matured since the previous events. While getting ready for an interview with Magic Johnson to launch a sports magazine, Suzanne tells Nick that she is pregnant and they later find out that they will be having twins. Needing more space, Suzanne and Nick go check out a house in the suburbs. They meet Chuck Mitchell Jr., a local real estate agent/contractor, and after some talking, Nick decides to buy the house. The family then packs up their things and moves into the house, with Lindsey and Kevin (mostly the former) being against the move. However, as it turns out, Nick failed to get the house inspected first, and they soon find a mold infestation. While trying to resolve the mold issue, Chuck discovers even more problems with the house, and Nick becomes angry with him as he almost destroys it trying to fix them all. Meanwhile, Lindsey sneaks out to go to a party with Chuck’s teenage employees, and when Nick finds out, he grounds her. Nick finally decides to fire Chuck, which causes all those working on the house to quit out of loyalty to Chuck, and Suzanne to take the kids and move into the guest house. After taking some time to think, Nick decides to fix the house on his own and also to apologize to Chuck, especially when he was told that his wife, a famous country singer, died a few years ago. Chuck responds by bringing his friends back to help. When Suzanne goes into labor, with the hospital half-an-hour away, Nick, Kevin, and Lindsey have to deliver the babies. Chuck tries to get there, but his truck breaks down and he is forced to power walk down to the house. While she's still in labor, Nick gets a call from Magic Johnson. After Suzanne gives birth to identical twin boys, the movie ends six months later with a big BBQ in their backyard, at which Nick debuts his new magazine titled Are We Done Yet?, based on his experience building the house. Cast Ice Cube as Nick Persons Nia Long as Suzanne Persons John C. McGinley as Chuck Mitchell Jr. Aleisha Allen as Lindsey Persons Philip Daniel Bolden as Kevin Persons Tahj Mowry as Danny Pulu Dan Joffre as Billy Pulu Pedro Miguel Arce as Georgie Pulu Linda Kash as Mrs. Rooney Hayes MacArthur as Jimmy, The Bartender Jacob Vargas as Mike, The Plumber Colin and Gavin Strange as The Persons' Twins Jonathan Katz as Mr. Rooney Earvin "Magic" Johnson as Himself Production The film is a remake of the 1948 Cary Grant comedy Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House and produced by Ted Hartley of RKO Pictures. Release The film made $58.4 million worldwide. The film was released in the United Kingdom on June 8, 2007, and opened on #3, behind Oceans Thirteen and Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End. Reception Like its predecessor, Are We Done Yet? was panned by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 8% based on 92 reviews, and has an average rating of 2.81/10. The site's consensus reads: "Are We Done Yet? plays it way too safe with generic slapstick and uninspired domestic foibles." On Metacritic, the film has a higher score than its predecessor's, at 36 out of 100, based on 21 reviews, meaning "generally unfavorable reviews." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale. Neil Smith for BBC.com gave the film 1 out of 5 stars and wrote: "McGinley, as it happens, is the film's only trump card, his madcap multi tasker stealing every scene he's in and leaving the movie's nominal star for dead." In one of the few positive reviews, Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club gave the film a grade B, and praises McGinley and calls Ice Cube's performance "strangely charming". Rabin concludes: "It isn't gangsta, but it's winning all the same." See also Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House The Money Pit References External links 2007 films 2007 comedy films 2000s pregnancy films Remakes of American films American sequel films 2000s English-language films Films based on multiple works Films about families Films set in Oregon Magic Johnson American pregnancy films Cube Vision films Revolution Studios films RKO Pictures films Films directed by Steve Carr Films produced by Ice Cube Films scored by Teddy Castellucci African-American comedy films Columbia Pictures films Films shot in British Columbia 2000s American films

4041347

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney%20MacDonald

Rodney MacDonald

Rodney Joseph MacDonald (born January 2, 1972) is a Canadian politician, educator and musician who served as the 26th premier of Nova Scotia from 2006 to 2009 and as MLA for the riding of Inverness in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1999 to 2009. Background MacDonald was born in Inverness, Nova Scotia but spent his formative years in the community of Mabou, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. In his youth, he was active in sports, including hockey, baseball and track and field. He played Midget AAA, Junior and Senior Hockey. In later years he coached various levels. He graduated from Mabou Consolidated School in 1990 and from St. Francis Xavier University in 1994, receiving a Bachelor of Science in Physical Education with a minor in English and a Nova Scotia Teaching Licence. He was employed as a senior high teacher with the Strait Regional School Board and was actively engaged in many community groups. At the age of 27, he became one of the youngest elected MLAs in Nova Scotia's history and went on to hold a number of high-profile Cabinet positions within the Nova Scotia government. At the age of 34 he became Nova Scotia's 26th Premier. He balanced Nova Scotia's budget each year of his term, lowered the Provincial debt, reduced taxes, and invested in key areas of the province's economy. MacDonald is engaged in numerous areas of Nova Scotia's economy: Business Development, the Offshore Petroleum Board of Nova Scotia, and in higher education as the CEO of The Gaelic College/Colaisde na Gaidhlig. Music career MacDonald has toured his fiddle music throughout Atlantic Canada, Central Canada and the northeastern United States. He is also an accomplished step dancer; he began dancing at age four after learning the skill from his parents. MacDonald's first public performance was reportedly at age eight at the Mayflower Shopping Mall in Sydney and he began taking fiddle lessons from his uncle, Kinnon Beaton, at age 12. He has recorded two albums to date: Dancer's Delight (1995) and Traditionally Rockin''' (1997, with his cousin Glenn Graham). In 1998 he received two nominations for the East Coast Music Awards. MacDonald was also included on the 2004 Smithsonian release The Beaton Family of Mabou: Cape Breton Fiddle and Piano Music'' and numerous other compilations. Political career MacDonald was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia in the 1999 provincial election, representing the riding of Inverness in western Cape Breton Island. He was re-elected in 2003. He served in Premier John Hamm's cabinet with various ministerial portfolios including Tourism, Culture & Heritage, Health Promotion, and Immigration. He was responsible for the Heritage Property Act, Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation Act, and the Nova Scotia Youth Secretariat. Following Hamm's September 2005 announcement of his intention to retire, MacDonald committed to running for the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia. The leadership race culminated in MacDonald winning the party's leadership on a second ballot on February 11, 2006. He was sworn in as Premier of Nova Scotia on February 24, succeeding Hamm. He is the second youngest premier in Nova Scotia's history. In May 2006, after a short session, MacDonald dissolved the legislature, calling an election for June 13, 2006. MacDonald's Progressive Conservatives won a minority government in the 2006 general election and MacDonald retained his seat. On May 4, 2009, MacDonald's government lost a confidence vote; as a result, a provincial election was called for June 9, 2009 to elect the next government. Although MacDonald kept his seat in the riding of Inverness, the Progressive Conservatives lost the election to the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party, led by Darrell Dexter. MacDonald stepped down as Nova Scotia PC Leader on June 24, 2009. He announced on August 5, 2009 that he would be resigning his seat in the legislature before the fall session began. He officially resigned on September 10, 2009. Life after politics After resigning as the MLA for Inverness, MacDonald founded a business development and consulting business called RMD Development Incorporated which owns a 4 star cottage operation called Ceilidh Cottages located in West Mabou, Nova Scotia. In June 2010, MacDonald was appointed to the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board. In September 2011, MacDonald was named CEO of The Gaelic College (Colaisde na Gàidhlig) in St. Anns. He created a Cape Breton Island-wide festival, "KitchenFest", which annually features more than 70 shows and more than 100 musicians. The college focuses on Gaelic language, music, culture, dance and craft. The college teaches multiple disciplines and cultural experiences to thousands of visitors and students each year. It is associated with Cape Breton University through a Memorandum of Understanding. He most recently was in the public eye when he condemned the provincial government's proposed cutting of the Gaelic Affairs Department budget by 40%. References 1972 births Living people Canadian people of Scottish descent Canadian university and college chief executives Members of the Executive Council of Nova Scotia Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs Premiers of Nova Scotia People from Inverness County, Nova Scotia Cape Breton fiddlers Canadian male violinists and fiddlers Nova Scotia political party leaders St. Francis Xavier University alumni 21st-century Canadian politicians 21st-century Canadian violinists and fiddlers 21st-century Canadian male musicians

4041348

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Stanley%20West

William Stanley West

William Stanley West (August 23, 1849December 22, 1914) was a United States Senator from the state of Georgia. He was a Democrat. He is notable for being the first person appointed to the Senate after ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment made that possible. Biography West was born in Buena Vista, Georgia on August 23, 1849. He studied law at Mercer University and graduated in 1876. After passing the bar that same year, West became a practicing attorney. West served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1892 until 1901 and the Georgia Senate from 1901 until 1906. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate in 1914 to serve the remainder of the term of Augustus O. Bacon who had died earlier that year. West served until Thomas W. Hardwick was elected to fill Bacon's seat. Only one month after leaving his senatorial position, West died on December 22, 1914, in Valdosta, Georgia. He was buried in Sunset Hill Cemetery in that same city. Establishing Valdosta State University West was instrumental as a State Senator in establishing the South Georgia State Normal College, now Valdosta State University. In 1906, West and State Representative C.R. Ashley presented bills proposing the establishment of a college in Valdosta to the Georgia Senate and the House of Representatives, respectively. By an act of the Georgia State Legislature that year the establishment of an agricultural, industrial, or normal college in South Georgia was approved. Despite the legislation, no funding was granted until the summer of 1911. West donated fifty acres of land for the campus. West Hall, built in 1917, is named in his honor. The Crescent West's former house in Valdosta, known as the Crescent, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1898 the old home and grounds now serve as the Valdosta Garden Center, a home for several garden clubs around the city, and is one of the most recognized symbols of the city. References External links William Stanley West entry at The Political Graveyard 1849 births 1914 deaths Democratic Party United States senators from Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers Democratic Party Georgia (U.S. state) state senators Democratic Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives Mercer University alumni People from Buena Vista, Georgia 19th-century American politicians State political party chairs of Georgia (U.S. state) 19th-century American lawyers

4041349

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Blake%20School%20%28Minneapolis%29

The Blake School (Minneapolis)

The Blake School is a private, coeducational, nonsectarian PK12 college preparatory day school, established in 1900. Blake is located on three campuses around the Twin Cities area of Minnesota: the upper school (9–12) is in Minneapolis; administration offices, middle school (6–8) is in Hopkins, Minnesota, and half of the lower school is also in Hopkins, Minnesota connected to the middle school; and the other half of the lower school is in Wayzata, Minnesota. History During the early 20th century, two schools were founded in Minneapolis to prepare students for elite colleges in the Northeast: the Blake School for boys and Northrop Collegiate School for girls. A third school, Highcroft Country Day School serving students of both sexes, was incorporated during the migration to Minneapolis suburbs. In 1974, the three schools merged to become the Blake Schools, with its first coeducational class graduating in 1975. The Blake School In 1907, William M. Blake established the Blake School, a private, preparatory school for boys, in Minneapolis. Three years later, Charles C. Bovey, a local businessman, wanted to reform Blake, and put it on the same plane as Eastern preparatory schools. With help from William Blake, new Board of Trustees Chairman Charles Bovey asked sixteen other local business leaders to contribute $2,500 each towards the school's first capital drive. In 1911, these original guarantors hired Charles B. Newton, a Princeton and Harvard alumnus, to replace William Blake as headmaster. Newton envisioned a school "not only for the wealthy, but for the worthy." The school incorporated on May 5, 1911, with all but two guarantors serving on the Board of Trustees. In 1912, their pooled resources enabled the construction of a new building in suburban Hopkins, with the site, now known as Blake Campus, being the current home of the middle school and one of the two lower school campuses. The Northrop Collegiate School In 1900, Zulema A. Ruble, a Smith College alumna, and Carrie Bartlett established Graham Hall, a private school for girls, in Minneapolis. In 1914, a group of Minneapolis leaders purchased Graham Hall and incorporated it as Northrop Collegiate School. In 1917, the school relocated within Minneapolis, with the site, now known as Northrop Campus, being the current home of the upper school campus. The Highcroft Country Day School In 1958, Sage Cowles, wife of John Cowles, Jr., along with two friends, established Highcroft Country Day School, a private, coeducational, nonsectarian K-9 school in Wayzata. Highcroft was designed to provide students in the far western suburbs (at the time) of the Twin Cities with an education near home. In 1960, the school building was constructed on land purchased and donated to the school, part of which was the former Highcroft estate in Wayzata, with the site, now known as Highcroft Campus, being the current home of the other lower school campus. Preservation and present In addition to retaining the original sites and all original buildings of the three schools as part of the campuses of The Blake School, the school also carries on other traditions, such as: from the Blake School for the boys – strong speech and debate programs, which are still maintained as an ongoing graduation requirement from Northrop Collegiate School – strong drama program, mascot of bears, along with the school color of blue from Highcroft Country Day School – growing athletic program for both boys and girls, along with school color of green. The current head of school is Dr. Anne Stavney. Blake alumni have held and currently hold various positions in government. Graduates from Blake have included: 2 U.S. Governors, 4 United States Senators, 3 members of The United States Congress, and 8 members of the Minnesota State Legislature. The Blake School was shut down for 4 days in late August 2021 due to a bomb threat, which was extended for 1.5 weeks following a police investigation on claims of children locked inside the basement of the school. Academics The school serves approximately 1,400 students in prekindergarten through twelfth grade, with an average classroom size of 15–16 students, and average graduating class size of 130. The school's student-adult ratio is 9:1. It takes 22 credits to graduate from The Blake School, with a minimum course load of five courses each semester. The Blake School also offers numerous global citizenship programs. Accreditation Blake is accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Central States (ISACS), and is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS), The College Board, National Association of College Admissions Counselors (NACAC), and the Cum Laude Society. Recognition Blake has received numerous accolades in recent years, including: U.S. Department of Education – Blue Ribbon School, 1989–90, 1992–93, 1993–94 The College Board – "Exemplary AP English Literature and Composition Programs", 2007 Wall Street Journal – "How the Schools Stack Up" (ranking of 41 for high schools with the best record of graduates attending eight top universities), 2007 Character Education Partnership – National School of Character, 2009 Mpls St.Paul Magazine – in school diversity and inclusion efforts, 2010 MN Monthly Magazine – for leadership training of its students, 2012; Built to Lead In 2011, Blake won the Minnesota Middle School Science Bowl, and was a competing school in the U.S. Department of Energy's National Science Bowl, winning the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car Race portion. In 2015, it won the Department of Energy's Minnesota High School Science Bowl and proceeded to compete at the national level in Washington D.C. Blake is also home to one of the most active and successful high school debate programs in the entire country, having won several prestigious national championships, including the National Speech and Debate Association National Tournament, the National Debate Coaches Association National Tournament, and the Tournament of Champions. They are also the first school to qualify debaters to the Tournament of Champions in every event. Every December, Blake hosts the John Edie Debate Tournament, one of the largest regular-season speech and debate tournaments in the country. Athletics Blake competes in the Independent Metro Athletic Conference (IMAC) and formerly in the Tri-Metro Conference, which is part of the Minnesota State High School League. The school athletic teams are named the Blake Bears. The school offers twenty-eight sports, and fields over fifty athletic teams. The school also recognizes four club sports, including Ultimate Frisbee, Equestrian Team, Sailing, and the Stepps Dance Team. They are also recognized for having their hockey team in a cameo for the 1996 Disney movie D3: The Mighty Ducks when the movie was shot on set at Blake's Hopkins campus hockey arena; they came from behind down 9–0 to tie the Ducks 9-9, with 9 third period goals. History Blake won the Minnesota State High School League Challenge Cup, which awards schools based on their success in section and state fine arts and athletics tournaments, in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 – more than any other school in state history – and was runner-up in 2006, 2008 and 2010, and placed third in 2011. In addition, many Blake alumni go on to play sports at the collegiate level, and some have even been drafted by professional sports franchises in the NHL, NFL, and MLB. Notable alumni A. J. Jackson (2002) - Lead Singer of Saint Motel Mark Dayton (1965) – U.S. Senator from Minnesota, 40th Governor of Minnesota, heir to Dayton's and Target Corporation, first husband of Alida Rockefeller Messinger Dean Phillips (1987) - U.S. Representative from Minnesota's 3rd Congressional District (2019-present), American businessman Kelly Morrison (1987) - Doctor and State Representative in the Minnesota House of Representatives Charles Baxter (1965) – author of National Book Award nominated The Feast of Love (2000) Dani Cameranesi (2013) – Forward for U.S. women's hockey team at 2018 Winter Olympics Jack Dalrymple (1966) – former Governor of North Dakota Tom Davis (1970) – Emmy-winning comedy writer and performer David L. Downie (1979) - Scholar of global environmental politics David T. Ellwood (1971) – Dean of Harvard John F. Kennedy School of Government Al Franken (1969) – U.S. Senator from Minnesota, satirist, comedian, author, screenwriter, Saturday Night Live television performer, political commentator, radio host Dave Goldberg (1985) – businessman, CEO of Survey Monkey Poppy Harlow (2001) – CNN reporter Michael Ankeny (2009) - Alpine skier Thomas B. Heffelfinger (1966) – former U.S. Attorney of Minnesota George Roy Hill (1939) – Oscar-winning director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Steve Kelley (1971) – Minnesota State Senator, 2000 U.S. Senate candidate, attorney Eleanor de Laittre – artist Katrina Lake – CEO of Stitch Fix John Hugh MacMillan – businessman Whitney MacMillan (1947) – CEO of Cargill Marcia McNutt (1970) – president National Academy of Sciences Kent Patterson (2007) - NHL player Marcus Peacock (1978) – former Deputy Administrator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Arthur Phillips (1986) - novelist, screenwriter Robert M. Pirsig (1943) - philosopher, author of Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values (1974) Jim Warden (1972) - Goaltender for U.S. men's hockey team at 1976 Winter Olympics J.T. Wyman (2004) – NHL player References External links Official School Website Educational institutions established in 1900 Education in Minneapolis High schools in Minneapolis Buildings and structures in Minneapolis Preparatory schools in Minnesota Private elementary schools in Minnesota Private middle schools in Minnesota Private high schools in Minnesota Schools in Hennepin County, Minnesota 1900 establishments in Minnesota

4041361

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karp

Karp

Karp may refer to: Places Karp, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-east Poland Karp, Lublin Voivodeship, in east Poland People Karp (surname) Karp Khachvankyan (1923–1998), Armenian actor and director Other uses KARP-FM, a radio station in Dassel, Minnesota, United States Karp (band), an American 1990s rock band Karp class submarine, ordered in 1904 by the Russian Empire, also the namesake submarine in the class Korean Association of Retired Persons, a non-governmental organization affiliated with the United Nations See also Magikarp (Pokémon) Carp (disambiguation)

4041362

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry%20Mayo

Kerry Mayo

Kerry Mayo (born 21 September 1977) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left back. Career Born in Haywards Heath, West Sussex, Mayo was a trainee with Brighton & Hove Albion and signed a professional contract with them in July 1996. On 6 May 2008, it was confirmed that Mayo, along with the experienced Guy Butters and Gary Hart, had been released from the club by then manager Dean Wilkins. However, after impressing during pre-season under new manager Micky Adams, Hart and Mayo signed new contracts. In September 2008 Mayo joined Conference National team Lewes on loan for a month. He returned to Brighton on 10 October after suffering cruciate knee ligament damage. Mayo left Brighton after his contract expired at the end of June 2009. He was one of the club's longest-serving players: during his 14-year career, he had played in 413 league and cup games and scored 14 goals. In July 2009, he announced his retirement from professional football after failing to recover from a groin injury. On 18 November 2010, Mayo joined his local club, Newhaven, and scored on his debut in a 4–2 win over Pease Pottage. References External links Kerry Mayo profile on Brighton & Hove Albion official website 1977 births Living people Footballers from West Sussex People from Haywards Heath English footballers Association football defenders Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players Lewes F.C. players Newhaven F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players

4041366

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipylon%20inscription

Dipylon inscription

The Dipylon inscription is a short text written on an ancient Greek pottery vessel dated to ca. 740 BC. It is famous for being the oldest (or one of the oldest) known samples of the use of the Greek alphabet. The text is scratched on an oenochoe, which was found in 1871 and is named after the location where it was found, the ancient Dipylon Cemetery, near the Dipylon Gate on the area of Kerameikos in Athens. The jug is attributed to the Late Geometrical Period (750-700 BC). It is now in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens (inv. 192). Text The text is written in an archaic form of the Greek alphabet, with some letter shapes still resembling those of the original Phoenician alphabet. For example, the Greek letter zeta (Ζ) resembles the Phoenician letter zayin (I). The text is written from right to left, with the individual letters mirror-shaped in comparison with the modern forms. It is placed in a circle around the shoulder of the vessel. The text consists of 46 characters, of which the first 35 can easily be read as a hexametric verse in Greek. The fragmentary rest is believed to have been the beginning of the second verse of a , but the exact interpretation is unclear. B. Powell has argued that the final characters may represent a garbled snippet from the middle of an abecedarium (ΚΛΜΝ) by a second hand, someone learning to write. More recently, N. M. Binek has shown that the last six markings can "be viewed not as letters or as attempts to inscribe letters, but rather as decorative elements fashioned by a second inscriber in accordance with the principles of Geometric idiom," inasmuch as the segment roughly mirrors the shapes of letters 9-4 (ΧΡΟΝΥΝ). The text marks the vessel as a prize in a dancing competition. It is translated as: "whoever of the dancers now dances most lightly...", and the second line is conjectured to have said something to the effect of "...he shall get this (vessel as his prize)." The text of the inscription runs: ΗΟΣΝΥΝΟΡΧΕΣΤΟΝΠΑΝΤΟΝΑΤΑΛΟΤΑΤΑΠΑΙΖΕΙΤΟΤΟΔΕΚΛ[?]ΜΙ[?]Ν In modern scholarly editions this is sometimes transcribed as: This corresponds to the following in the later classical orthography in Greek (using the Ionian form of the Greek alphabet), with the metric feet of the hexameter indicated: Literal translation: Whoever of all these dancers now plays most delicately, of him this (sc. pot)... Nestor's cup It is believed that either the Dipylon inscription or the Nestor's Cup is the oldest known alphabetic Greek inscription. The Nestor Cup, which also bears a verse inscription, was found in an excavation at the ancient Greek colony of Pithekoussai on the island of Ischia in Italy. It is thought to be of equal age with the Dipylon inscription or slightly younger. See also History of the Greek alphabet Pottery of Ancient Greece References . . . External links Bibliotheca Augustana corpus: Online text and image Epigraphical database: Online text Greek language Individual ancient Greek vases Archaeological artifacts Greek inscriptions Iron Age Greece Earliest known manuscripts by language National Archaeological Museum, Athens 8th-century BC works Archaeological discoveries in Greece 1871 archaeological discoveries

4041369

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantastic%20%28Toy-Box%20album%29

Fantastic (Toy-Box album)

Fantastic is the debut studio album by Danish bubblegum dance duo Toy-Box. It includes the hits "The Sailor Song", "Teddybear", "Best Friend" and "Tarzan & Jane". It was released in January 1999, and later released in May 1999. The Singapore edition included the "Toy-Box Space Trap" video game for the PC. The Special Christmas Edition of the Fantastic Album featured a bonus track; So Merry Christmas Everyone (X-MAS Bonus) produced & arranged for Candy Hell Entertainment. The artwork resembles to the layout of European PlayStation games. Toy-Box videos Toy-Box released music videos for "The Sailor-Song", "Best Friend", "Tarzan & Jane", and "Teddybear." Most of Toy-Box's videos could be considered cartoonish, but "Teddybear" is a more realistic video. While "Best Friend" features Amir El-Falaki and Aneela Mirza having a neon sword fight and turning into little fuzz balls, "The Sailor Song" showed several men flying off a boat, and "Tarzan and Jane" featured live monkeys and elephants in a cartoon parody, "Teddy Bear" is set in Paris and showed Amir and Aneela in a more romantic way than the other videos. Commercial performance As of August 1999, the album has reached worldwide sales of 300,000 sold copies, with 80,000 units sold in Denmark. Track listing "Toy-Box Pictures Presents" – 0:38 "The Sailor Song" – 3:15 "Best Friend" – 3:28 "Tarzan & Jane" – 3:04 "E.T." – 3:40 "Teddybear" – 4:14 "Super-Duper-Man" – 3:17 "I Believe in You" – 3:29 "Earth, Wind, Water & Fire" – 3:36 "What About" – 3:40 "Eenie, Meenie, Miney, Mo" – 3:17 "A Thing Called Love" – 3:16 "Sayonara (Goodbye)" – 3:25 Christmas edition bonus track "So Merry Christmas Everyone" – 3:55 Special edition bonus videos "Best Friend" "The Sailor Song" Singles "Tarzan & Jane" (1998) "Best Friend" (1998) "The Sailor Song" (1999) Promotional single "Teddybear" (2000) Charts References External links Toy-Box Toy-Box at Bubblegum Dancer 1999 debut albums Toy-Box albums Victor Entertainment albums Edel-Mega Records albums

4041384

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Druff

Dan Druff

Dan Druff may refer to: Dan Druff (musician), born Daniel James Irving, rock musician Todd Witteles, professional poker player known as Dan Druff See also Dandruff, excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp

4041390

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual%20memory%20management

Manual memory management

In computer science, manual memory management refers to the usage of manual instructions by the programmer to identify and deallocate unused objects, or garbage. Up until the mid-1990s, the majority of programming languages used in industry supported manual memory management, though garbage collection has existed since 1959, when it was introduced with Lisp. Today, however, languages with garbage collection such as Java are increasingly popular and the languages Objective-C and Swift provide similar functionality through Automatic Reference Counting. The main manually managed languages still in widespread use today are C and C++ – see C dynamic memory allocation. Description Many programming languages use manual techniques to determine when to allocate a new object from the free store. C uses the malloc function; C++ and Java use the new operator; and many other languages (such as Python) allocate all objects from the free store. Determining when an object ought to be created (object creation) is generally trivial and unproblematic, though techniques such as object pools mean an object may be created before immediate use. The real challenge is object destruction – determination of when an object is no longer needed (i.e. is garbage), and arranging for its underlying storage to be returned to the free store for re-use. In manual memory allocation, this is also specified manually by the programmer; via functions such as free() in C, or the delete operator in C++ – this contrasts with automatic destruction of objects held in automatic variables, notably (non-static) local variables of functions, which are destroyed at the end of their scope in C and C++. Manual memory management techniques For example malloc/free Memory arena scratch buffer ... Manual management and correctness Manual memory management is known to enable several major classes of bugs into a program when used incorrectly, notably violations of memory safety or memory leaks. These are a significant source of security bugs. When an unused object is never released back to the free store, this is known as a memory leak. In some cases, memory leaks may be tolerable, such as a program which "leaks" a bounded amount of memory over its lifetime, or a short-running program which relies on an operating system to deallocate its resources when it terminates. However, in many cases memory leaks occur in long-running programs, and in such cases an unbounded amount of memory is leaked. When this occurs, the size of the available free store continues to decrease over time; when it is finally exhausted, the program then crashes. Catastrophic failure of the dynamic memory management system may result when an object's backing memory is deleted out from under it more than once; an object is explicitly destroyed more than once; when, while using a pointer to manipulate an object not allocated on the free store, a programmer attempts to release said pointer's target object's backing memory; or when, while manipulating an object via a pointer to another, arbitrary area of memory managed by an unknown external task, thread, or process, a programmer corrupts that object's state, possibly in such a way as to write outside of its bounds and corrupt its memory management data. The result of such actions can include heap corruption, premature destruction of a different (and newly created) object which happens to occupy the same location in memory as the multiply deleted object, program crashes due to a segmentation fault (violation of memory protection,) and other forms of undefined behavior. Pointers to deleted objects become wild pointers if used post-deletion; attempting to use such pointers can result in difficult-to-diagnose bugs. Languages which exclusively use garbage collection are known to avoid the last two classes of defects. Memory leaks can still occur (and bounded leaks frequently occur with generational or conservative garbage collection), but are generally less severe than memory leaks in manual systems. Resource Acquisition Is Initialization Manual memory management has one correctness advantage, which is that it allows automatic resource management via the Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII) paradigm. This arises when objects own scarce system resources (like graphics resources, file handles, or database connections) which must be relinquished when an object is destroyed – when the lifetime of the resource ownership should be tied to the lifetime of the object. Languages with manual management can arrange this by acquiring the resource during object initialization (in the constructor), and releasing during object destruction (in the destructor), which occurs at a precise time. This is known as Resource Acquisition Is Initialization. This can also be used with deterministic reference counting. In C++, this ability is put to further use to automate memory deallocation within an otherwise-manual framework, use of the shared_ptr template in the language's standard library to perform memory management is a common paradigm. shared_ptr is not suitable for all object usage patterns, however. This approach is not usable in most garbage collected languages – notably tracing garbage collectors or more advanced reference counting – due to finalization being non-deterministic, and sometimes not occurring at all. That is, it is difficult to define (or determine) when or if a finalizer method might be called; this is commonly known as the finalizer problem. Java and other GC'd languages frequently use manual management for scarce system resources besides memory via the dispose pattern: any object which manages resources is expected to implement the dispose() method, which releases any such resources and marks the object as inactive. Programmers are expected to invoke dispose() manually as appropriate to prevent "leaking" of scarce graphics resources. Depending on the finalize() method (how Java implements finalizers) to release graphics resources is widely viewed as poor programming practice among Java programmers, and similarly the analogous __del__() method in Python cannot be relied on for releasing resources. For stack resources (resources acquired and released within a single block of code), this can be automated by various language constructs, such as Python's with, C#'s using or Java's try-with-resources. Performance Many advocates of manual memory management argue that it affords superior performance when compared to automatic techniques such as garbage collection. Traditionally latency was the biggest advantage, but this is no longer the case. Manual allocation frequently has superior locality of reference. Manual allocation is also known to be more appropriate for systems where memory is a scarce resource, due to faster reclamation. Memory systems can and do frequently "thrash" as the size of a program's working set approaches the size of available memory; unused objects in a garbage-collected system remain in an unreclaimed state for longer than in manually managed systems, because they are not immediately reclaimed, increasing the effective working set size. Manual management has a number of documented performance disadvantages: Calls to delete and such incur an overhead each time they are made, this overhead can be amortized in garbage collection cycles. This is especially true of multithreaded applications, where delete calls must be synchronized. The allocation routine may be more complicated, and slower. Some garbage collection schemes, such as those with heap compaction, can maintain the free store as a simple array of memory (as opposed to the complicated implementations required by manual management schemes). Latency is a debated point that has changed over time, with early garbage collectors and simple implementations performing very poorly compared to manual memory management, but sophisticated modern garbage collectors often performing as well or better than manual memory management. Manual allocation does not suffer from the long "pause" times that occur in simple stop-the-world garbage collection, although modern garbage collectors have collection cycles which are often not noticeable. Manual memory management and garbage collection both suffer from potentially unbounded deallocation times – manual memory management because deallocating a single object may require deallocating its members, and recursively its members' members, etc., while garbage collection may have long collection cycles. This is especially an issue in real time systems, where unbounded collection cycles are generally unacceptable; real-time garbage collection is possible by pausing the garbage collector, while real-time manual memory management requires avoiding large deallocations, or manually pausing deallocation. References External links The Memory Management Reference Richard Jones and Rafael Lins, Garbage Collection: Algorithms for Automated Dynamic Memory Management, Wiley and Sons (1996), Memory management

4041391

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre%C3%BAna

Acreúna

Acreúna is a city and municipality in western Goiás state, Brazil. Location Acreúna is located in the statistical micro-region of Vale do Rio dos Bois, southwest of the state capital, Goiânia, on BR-060, (Brasília-Acre) which links Goiânia with Rio Verde. The distance to Goiânia is 153 kilometers via BR-060 / Guapó / Indiara. Municipal boundaries: North: Paraúna and Jandaia South: Turvelândia East: Edéia and Indiara West: Montividiu and Santo Antônio da Barra History The town appeared in 1964 in the territory of the municipality of Paraúna. It was created through the initiative of Benedicto Arystogogo de Mello, who had already founded the settlements of Riverlândia, in Rio Verde, and Vila Brasil, in Santa Helena de Goiás. Mello negotiated with a large landowner of the region to begin selling the lots. The lands were on the banks of the Rio Verdão and near the Brasília – Acre highway, which was under construction at the time. Origin of the name The name of the town, Acreúna, comes from a combination of Acre, final destination of the highway which crosses the town, and Una, a tribute to Paraúna, the municipality where it had been located before becoming a separate municipality. It became a district in 1968 and, thanks to its rapid population growth and economic development, it separated from Paraúna in 1976 to become an independent municipality. Demographic and Political Data Population density: 11.85 inhabitants/km2 (2007) Population density: 12.95 inhabitants/km2 (2010) Growth rate 2000/2007: 0.20.% Urban population: 16,424 (2007) Urban population: 20,279 (2010) Rural population: 2,129 (2007) Eligible voters: 14,790 City government in 2005: mayor (João Batista Pereira), vice-mayor (Paulo Rogério Pereira), and 09 councilmembers The economy The economy is based on agriculture, with a great production of sugarcane, cotton, corn, and soybeans (see below). The cattle herd had 99,000 head in 2003. Industrial units: 36 Retail commercial units: 213 Banking units: Banco do Brasil S.A.- BRADESCO S.A.- Banco Itaú S.A. (August/2007) GDP (PIB) (R$1,000.00): 229,685 (2005) GDP per capita (R$1.00): 10,959 (2005) Vehicles (2007) automobiles: 1,862 trucks: 317 pickups: 413 motorcycles: 1,001 Source: IBGE The main agricultural products (2007) cotton: 2,000 ha. / 5,200 tons (Acreuna produced 55,000 tons in 2001) sugarcane: 5,700 hectares / 501,600 tons corn: 10,000 hectares / 60,000 tons soybeans: 22,000 hectares / 61,600 tons Source: Sepin Farm information Number of farms: 434 Total farm area: 141,236 Planted area: 51,300 ha. Area of natural pasture: 65,990 ha. Workers in agriculture: 1,042 Health Infant mortality rate in 2014: 23.97 Infant mortality rate in 2000: 21.13 Infant mortality rate in 1990: 35.64 Hospitals: 03 with 75 beds (2007) Education Literacy rate in 2015: 97.1 Literacy rate in 2000: 83.2 Literacy rate in 1991: 77.1 Schools: 13 with 3,840 students (2015) Schools: 12 with 6,309 students (2006) Higher education: none reporting in 2006 Source: IBGE Municipal Human Development Index: 0.686 (2010) Municipal Human Development Index: 0.763 State ranking: 50 (out of 242 municipalities) National ranking: 1,498 (out of 5,507 municipalities) For the complete list see Frigoletto.com See also List of municipalities in Goiás Microregions of Goiás References Frigoletto External links Rádio Liberdade FM Guia Comercial de Acreúna (Acreúna Commercial Guide) Municipalities in Goiás

4041399

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euno%C3%AB

Eunoë

Eunoë () according to Greek mythology, was a naiad-nymph daughter of the river god Sangarius, sometimes associated with Persephone as her mother. Eunoë is the wife of the Phrygian king Dymas, and the mother of Hecuba, the wife of King Priam of Troy. Otherwise, the mother of Hecabe was called the naiad Euagora. Notes Naiads Nymphs Queens in Greek mythology Women in Greek mythology Characters in Greek mythology

4041414

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fid%C3%A8le%20Moungar

Fidèle Moungar

Fidèle Abdelkérim Moungar (born 1948) is a Chadian politician who served as Prime Minister of Chad in 1993. He is currently Secretary-General of Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism (ACTUS), a left-wing opposition party. Life Moungar is an ethnic Sara, born in 1948 in Doba in the Logone Oriental Region, who has practiced as a surgeon in France. He started his political career when, along with other exiles, he founded ACTUS, a party hostile to both the FROLINAT and Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué's de facto government of southern Chad, the Comité Permanente du Sud, in May 1979 in Paris. In 1992, two years after the rise to the presidency of Idriss Déby, he became Minister of Education in the government led by Jean Alingué Bawoyeu. At the Sovereign National Conference (CNS), a reconciliation conference representing most Chadian factions that was first convened on January 15, 1993, Moungar was elected as transitional Prime Minister on April 6, 1993, receiving 444 votes against the 334 received by Adoum Helbongo. He succeeded Alingué as the 5th Prime Minister of Chad on April 7. Moungar formed a transitional government including 16 ministers, in which all party leaders had a post; among these, Saleh Kebzabo became Trade and Industry Minister, Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye became Communications Minister and Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué became Civil Service and Labour Minister. In a message on Radio Tchad, Moungar asserted his cabinet's loyalty to the CNS' instructions, claiming that his ministers would be the CNS' "missionaries". Moungar's tenure in office was marked by confrontation with the President over the pace for adopting a multiparty political system, a confrontation that a Chadian journalist dates from June, when during a presidential visit to France Idriss Déby noted that Moungar was highly regarded by the French government. This made Déby conclude that Moungar might transform himself in a dangerous rival for the presidency. He was also led to suspect this, together with rival opposition leaders, by Moungar's conduct and speeches, which indicated a considerable ambition, despite his previous promise that he had no political interest in remaining in politics after the transition period. This brought the downfall of the Moungar cabinet on October 28, 1993, when the President's supporters presented a censure motion in transitional parliament, the Conseil Supérieur de Transition (CST). The CST (the country's transitional legislature charged with the task of monitoring the government's implementation of the CNS' recommendations) approved the motion with 45 votes against 10, and 1 abstained, displaying what the scholar William Miles calls "a good example of their deference to the Presidency", which repeated itself when the CST readily accepted Déby's candidate for Prime Minister, the Justice Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye. Moungar called his removal unconstitutional, threatening to bring the issue to court, while workers went on strike, deserting their jobs. In 1996 Moungar was disqualified from participating in the first Chadian multi-party presidential election for alleged residence irregularities. In January 2007 Moungar strongly criticized French policy in Chad, asking for the recall of the French troops stationed in Chad. He claimed that "France has crucified Chadian democracy, systematically contributing to the faking of all elections, and, through the intervention of its troops, has caused the repression of all rebellions, in open violation of the Franco-Chadian accords." On July 30, 2007, Moungar returned to Chad along with a delegation of about 20 other exiled opponents of the regime to meet with Déby and discuss how to restore peace to the country; he and the rest of the delegation returned to Libreville, Gabon on the same day. In November 2007, he said that he was outraged that France wanted the defendants in the Arche de Zoé child kidnapping case to be tried in France rather than Chad. As of 2009, Moungar remains Secretary-General of ACTUS. As part of a peace initiative in February 2009, he met with Deby and then travelled to Khartoum to meet with Chadian rebel leaders. Private life Moungar's eldest daughter Vanessa Moungar was born in 1984 and works at the African Development Bank. References Living people 1948 births Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism politicians Chadian surgeons People from Logone Oriental Region Sara people Heads of government of Chad 20th-century surgeons

4041420

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shall%20We%20Dance%20%281937%20film%29

Shall We Dance (1937 film)

Shall We Dance, released in 1937, is the seventh of the ten Fred Astaire-Ginger Rogers musical comedy films. The story follows an American ballet dancer (Astaire) who falls in love with a tap dancer (Rogers); the tabloid press concocts a story of their marriage, after which life imitates art. George Gershwin wrote the symphonic underscore and Ira Gershwin the lyrics, for their second Hollywood musical. Plot Peter P. Peters (Fred Astaire) is an amiable American ballet dancer billed as "Petrov", who cultivates a public image of being a serious, demanding and temperamental Russian, though his employer knows the truth. Peters dances for a ballet company in Paris owned by the bumbling Jeffrey Baird (Edward Everett Horton), and secretly never wants to blend classical ballet with modern jazz dancing because they think it does not look very professional. When Peters sees a photo of famous tap dancer Linda Keene (Ginger Rogers), he falls in love with her. He contrives to meet her (as "Petrov"), but she is less than impressed. They meet again on an ocean liner traveling back to New York, and Linda warms to Petrov. Their interactions spark a tabloid campaign that they are (or are perhaps not) married. Unknown to them, their associates create a publicity stunt "proving" their proper marriage. Outraged, Linda becomes engaged to the bumbling Jim Montgomery (William Brisbane), much to the chagrin of both Peters and Arthur Miller (Jerome Cowan), her manager, who secretly launches more fake publicity. Peters (who by now has revealed his true identity) and Keene, unable to squelch the rumor, decide to actually marry and then immediately get divorced. Linda begins to fall in love with her husband, but then discovers him with another woman, Lady Denise Tarrington (Ketti Gallian), and leaves before he can explain. Later, when she comes to his new show to personally serve him divorce papers, she sees him dancing with dozens of women, all wearing masks with her face on them: Peters has decided that if he cannot dance with Linda, he will dance with images of Linda. Seeing that he truly loves her, she happily joins him onstage. Cast Music George Gershwin – who had become famous for blending jazz with classical forms – wrote each scene in a different style of dance music, and he composed one scene specifically for the ballerina Harriet Hoctor. Ira Gershwin seemed decidedly less excited by the idea; none of his lyrics make reference to the notion of blending different styles of dance (such as ballet and jazz), and Astaire was also not enthusiastic about the concept. The score of Shall We Dance is probably the largest source of Gershwin orchestral works unavailable to the general public, at least since the advent of modern stereo recording techniques in the 1950s. The movie contains the only recordings of some of the instrumental pieces currently available to Gershwin aficionados (although not all the incidental music composed for the movie was used in the final cut). Some of the cuts arranged and orchestrated by Gershwin include: "Dance of the Waves", "Waltz of the Red Balloons", "Graceful and Elegant", "Hoctor's Ballet" and "French Ballet Class". The instrumental track "Walking the Dog", however, has been frequently recorded and has been played from time to time on classical music radio stations. Nathaniel Shilkret, musical director for the movie, hired Jimmy Dorsey and all or part of the Dorsey band as the nucleus of a fifty-piece studio orchestra including strings. Dorsey was in Hollywood at the time working the "Kraft Music Hall" radio show on NBC hosted by Bing Crosby. Dorsey is heard soloing on "Slap That Bass", "Walking the Dog" and "They All Laughed". Gershwin was already suffering during the production of the motion picture from the brain tumor that was shortly to kill him, and Shilkret (as well as Robert Russell Bennett) contributed by assisting with orchestration on some of the numbers. Musical numbers Hermes Pan collaborated with Astaire on the choreography throughout and Harry Losee was brought in to help with the ballet finale. Gershwin modeled the score on the great ballets of the 19th century, but with obvious swing and jazz influences, as well as polytonalism. While Astaire made further attempts—notably in Ziegfeld Follies (1944/46), Yolanda and the Thief (1945) and Daddy Long Legs (1955)—it was his rival and friend Gene Kelly who would eventually succeed in creating a modern original dance style based on this concept. Some critics have attributed Astaire's discomfort with ballet (he briefly studied ballet in the 1920s) to his oft-expressed disdain for "inventing up to the arty". "Overture to Shall We Dance":was written by George Gershwin in 1937 as the introduction to his score for Shall We Dance. Performance time runs about four minutes. "The opening [number] is in Gershwin's best big-city style; propulsive, nervous, bustling with modern harmonies; it might have easily been developed into a full-scale composition except that time was growing short." "French Ballet Class" written in the style of the galop. "Rehearsal Fragments": In a brief segment which seeks to motivate the film's core dance concept, Astaire illustrates the idea of combining "the technique of ballet with the warmth and passion of this other mood" by performing two ballet leaps, the second of which is followed by a tap barrage. "Rumba Sequence": Astaire watches a flip book showing a brief orchestral rumba danced by Ginger Rogers and Pete Theodore, choreographed by Hermes Pan; it is Rogers' only partnered dance without Astaire in the ten-film series of Astaire-Rogers musicals. The increasing complexity and chromaticism in Gershwin's music can be detected between music for this sequence and Gershwin's earlier effort at a rumba, the Cuban Overture, written five years earlier. Scored for chamber orchestra. "(I've Got) Beginner's Luck": A brief comic tap solo with cane where Astaire's rehearsing to a record of the number is cut short when the record gets stuck. "Waltz of the Red Balloons" written in the style of a valse joyeaux. "Slap That Bass": In a mixed race number unusual for its time, Astaire encounters a group of African-American musicians holding a jam session in a spotless, Art Deco-inspired ship's engine room. Dudley Dickerson introduces the first verse of the song whose chorus is then taken up by Astaire. The virtuoso tap solo which follows is the first substantial musical number in the picture, and can be seen as a successor to the "I'd Rather Lead A Band" solo from Follow the Fleet (1936)—which also took place aboard ship—this time introducing a vertical element to the predominantly linear choreography, some pointedly dismissive references to ballet positions, and a middle section similarly without musical accompaniment but now imaginatively supported by rhythmic engine noises. George Gershwin's color home-movie footage of Astaire rehearsing this number was discovered only in the 1990s. "Dance of the Waves": written in the style of a barcarolle. "Walking the Dog": This was only published in 1960 as "Promenade" to accompany two pantomimic routines for Astaire and Rogers. This is the only part of the score besides Hoctor's Ballet to be published for performance in the concert hall, thus far. Scored for chamber orchestra. (Not all of the Walking the Dog sequence heard in the movie is in the published score, the ending of the scene features the themes following each other in a round (music).) "Beginner's Luck" (song): Astaire delivers this song to a non-committal Rogers, whose skepticism is echoed by a pack of howling dogs intervening at the close. "Graceful and Elegant": another waltz written by Gershwin, this one written in the style of the pas de deux (the first of two pas de deux in the score) "They All Laughed (at Christopher Columbus)": Ginger Rogers sings the introduction of Gershwin's now-classic song and is then joined by Astaire in a comic dance duet which begins with a ballet parody: Astaire in a mock-Russian accent invites Rogers to "tweeest" but after she pointedly fails to respond the pair revert to a tap routine which ends with Astaire lifting Rogers onto a piano. "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off": The genesis of the joke in Ira Gershwin's famous lyrics is uncertain: Ira has claimed the idea occurred to him in 1926 and remained unused. Astaire and Rogers sing alternate verses of this quickstep before embarking on a partnered comic tap dance on roller skates in a Central Park skating rink. Astaire uses the circular form of the rink to introduce a variation of the "oompah-trot" he and his sister Adele had made famous in vaudeville. In a further dig at ballet, the pair strike an arabesque pose just prior to toppling onto the grass. "They Can't Take That Away from Me": The Gershwins' famous foxtrot, a serene, nostalgic declaration of love;one of their most enduring creations and one of George's personal favorites—is introduced by Astaire. As with "The Way You Look Tonight" in Swing Time (1936), it was decided to reprise the melody as part of the film's dance finale. George Gershwin was unhappy about this, writing "They literally throw one or two songs away without any kind of plug". Astaire and Rogers said individually during their lives the song was one of their favourite personal songs, and they rescued it for The Barkleys of Broadway in (1949), his final reunion with Rogers, creating one of their most admired essays in romantic partnered dance, and it was the only occasion on film when Astaire permitted himself to repeat a song he had performed in a previous film. George Gershwin died two months after the film's release, and he was posthumously nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song for this song at the 1937 Academy Awards. "Hoctor's Ballet": The film's big production number begins with a ballet featuring a female chorus and ballet soloist Harriet Hoctor whose specialty was performing an elliptical backbend en pointe, a routine she had perfected during her vaudeville days and as a headline act with the Ziegfeld Follies. Astaire approaches and the pair perform a duet to a reprise of the music to "They Can't Take That Away From Me". This number runs directly into: "Shall We Dance/ Finale and Coda": After a brief routine for Astaire and a female chorus, each wearing Ginger masks, he departs and Hoctor returns to deliver two variations on her backbend routine. Astaire now returns in top hat, white tie and tails and delivers a rendition of the title song; urging his audience to "drop that long face/come on have your fling/why keep nursing the blues" and follows this with a zestful half-minute tap solo. Other musical nods are interwoven referencing the previous ballet sequences. Finally, Ginger arrives on stage, masked to blend in with the chorus whereupon Astaire unmasks her and they dance a brief final duet. This routine was referenced in the 1999 romantic comedy Simply Irresistible. Production The idea for the film originated in the studio's desire to exploit the successful formula created by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart with their 1936 Broadway hit On Your Toes. In a major coup for RKO, Pandro Berman managed to attract the Gershwins – George Gershwin, who wrote the symphonic underscore, and Ira Gershwin, the lyrics – to score this, their second Hollywood musical after Delicious in 1931. The film – Astaire and Rogers's most expensive to date – benefits from quality comedy specialists, opulent art direction by Carroll Clark under Van Nest Polglase's supervision, and a timeless score which introduces three classic Gershwin songs. Astaire was no stranger to the Gershwins, having headlined, with his sister Adele, two Gershwin Broadway shows: Lady Be Good! in 1924 and Funny Face in 1927. George Gershwin also accompanied the pair on piano in a set of recordings in 1926. Rogers first came to Hollywood's attention when she appeared in the Gershwins' 1930 stage musical Girl Crazy. Shall We Dance was named at the suggestion of Vincente Minnelli, who was a friend of the Gershwins. Minnelli originally suggested "Shall We Dance?" with a question mark, which disappeared at some point. The car used on the ferry was 1936 Packard Twelve Coupe Roadster. Reception Shall We Dance earned $1,275,000 in the US and Canada and $893,000 elsewhere, resulting in a profit of $413,000, less than half the previous Astaire-Rogers film. It also was not a critical success and was taken as an indication that the Astaire-Rogers pairing was slipping in its audience appeal. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs: "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" – #34 Preservation status On September 22, 2013 it was announced that a musicological critical edition of the full orchestral score of Shall We Dance will eventually be released. The Gershwin family, working in conjunction with the Library of Congress and the University of Michigan, are working to make scores available to the public that represent Gershwin's true intent. The entire Gershwin project may take 30 to 40 years to complete, and it is unclear when Shall We Dance will be released. Other than the sequences Hoctor's Ballet and Walking The Dog, it will be the first time the score has been published. In popular culture In the 2019 psychological thriller Joker, Arthur Fleck dances to the "Slap That Bass" segment playing on his TV in one scene. See also Fred Astaire's solo and partnered dances References Bibliography Astaire, Fred. Steps in Time: An Autobiography. New York: Dey Street Books, 2008, First edition 1959. . Green, Stanley (1999) Hollywood Musicals Year by Year (2nd ed.), pub. Hal Leonard Corporation pages 68–69 Jablonski, Edward. Gershwin: A New Critical Biography. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998. . External links 1937 films 1937 musical comedy films 1937 romantic comedy films American dance films American musical comedy films American romantic comedy films American romantic musical films American black-and-white films 1930s English-language films Films directed by Mark Sandrich Musicals by George Gershwin RKO Pictures films George Gershwin in film 1930s dance films Publicity stunts in fiction 1930s American films

4041425

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Pope%20of%20Greenwich%20Village

The Pope of Greenwich Village

The Pope of Greenwich Village is a 1984 American crime black comedy film directed by Stuart Rosenberg and starring Mickey Rourke, Eric Roberts, Daryl Hannah, Geraldine Page, Kenneth McMillan and Burt Young. Page was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her two-scene role. The film was adapted by screenwriter Vincent Patrick from his novel of the same name. Plot In an Italian neighborhood of Greenwich Village, cousins Charlie, a maître d'hôtel with aspirations of someday owning his own restaurant, and Paulie, a schemer who works as a waiter, have expensive tastes but not much money. Paulie gets caught skimming checks, and he and Charlie are both fired. Now out of work and in debt, Charlie must find another way to pay his alimony, support his pregnant girlfriend Diane, and try to buy a restaurant. Paulie comes to Charlie with a seemingly foolproof robbery idea involving a large amount of cash in the safe of a local business. Charlie reluctantly agrees to participate, and they manage to crack the safe with help from an accomplice, Barney, a clock repairman and locksmith. But things go sour, resulting in the accidental death of police officer Walter "Bunky" Ritter, who had been secretly taping "Bed Bug" Eddie Grant. Charlie soon learns that the money they stole belongs to Eddie. The mob figures out that Paulie is involved, and not even his Uncle Pete, part of Eddie's crew, can help him. Eddie's henchmen cut off Paulie's left thumb as punishment. Diane leaves Charlie and takes his money to support their unborn child, while Paulie is forced to work as a waiter for Eddie. He gives the mob Barney's name but initially refuses to identify Charlie as the third man involved. However, under pressure, he is forced to rat on his cousin. Barney leaves town and Charlie mails him his cut of the loot. When Charlie makes $20,000 on a horse, things begin to look up. Charlie prepares for a showdown with Eddie, armed with a copy of the tape the police officer had made. But at the last moment, Paulie puts lye in Eddie's coffee; then he and Charlie casually walk away from Greenwich Village. Cast Eric Roberts as Paulie Mickey Rourke as Charlie Moran Daryl Hannah as Diane Geraldine Page as Mrs. Ritter Kenneth McMillan as Barney Tony Musante as Pete M. Emmet Walsh as Detective Burns Burt Young as Eddie "Bed Bug Eddie" Grant Jack Kehoe as Detective Walter "Bunky" Ritter Philip Bosco as Paulie's Father Val Avery as Nunzi Joe Grifasi as Jimmy "The Cheese Man" Tony DiBenedetto as Ronnie Ronald Maccone as Nicky Betty Miller as Nora Gerard Murphy as Detective Garber Tony Lip as Frankie Frank Vincent as 1st Crew Chief Ed O'Ross as Bartender At Sal's Jacques Sandulescu as Chef Leonard Termo as Waldo "Fat Waldo" Production This film was originally planned as the first on-screen pairing of actors Robert De Niro and Al Pacino, with De Niro playing Charlie and Pacino playing Paulie. Michael Cimino was initially slated to direct the film. After Rourke and Roberts signed on as the leads, Cimino wanted to finesse the screenplay with some rewriting and restructuring. However, the rewriting would have taken Cimino beyond the mandated start date for shooting, so Cimino and MGM parted ways. The film was released under the title Village Dreams in continental Europe. Reception Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars, saying, "It's worth seeing for the acting, and it's got some good laughs in it, and New York is colorfully observed, but don't tell me this movie is about human nature, because it's not; it's about acting." The film holds a 77% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Undisciplined direction and a clichéd story prevent The Pope of Greenwich Village from achieving greatness, but it's an entertaining showcase for its stars." Leonard Maltin gave the film three stars, describing it as a "Richly textured, sharply observant film... Page stands out in great supporting cast." Legacy The film is a favorite of the character Vincent Chase on the television show Entourage. References Citations General references Heard, Christopher (2006). "Chapter Six: Iconic Measures". Mickey Rourke: High and Low. London, England: Plexus Publishing Ltd. . Further reading Ebert, Roger (March 6, 1986). "Eric Roberts: Star 86". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2011-04-21. External links 1980s black comedy films 1980s crime comedy-drama films 1980s heist films 1984 films American black comedy films American crime comedy-drama films American heist films Films based on American novels Films directed by Stuart Rosenberg Films scored by Dave Grusin Films set in New York City Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films United Artists films 1980s English-language films 1980s American films

4041428

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20W.%20Rosa

John W. Rosa

John William Rosa Jr. (born September 28, 1951) is a retired United States Air Force Lieutenant General who served as President of his alma mater The Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina from 2006 to 2018. While on active duty, Rosa also served as the sixteenth Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy. Background and education Born in Springfield, Illinois and son of a career United States Navy Chief Petty Officer he attended high school in Jacksonville, Florida and was awarded a football scholarship to The Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina where he won the starting quarterback job his sophomore year until sidelined with a knee injury; he is an initiate of the Theta Commission of the Kappa Alpha Order. Rosa entered the Air Force in May 1973 after receiving his bachelor's degree and his commission (via Air Force ROTC); he earned a master's degree in public administration from Golden Gate University in 1985. Rosa is also a graduate of the Air Force Squadron Officer School, Air Command and Staff College, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, U.S. Army War College and the Program for Senior Executives in National and International Security Management, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Military assignments After his commissioning, Rosa went to pilot training at Craig Air Force Base, Alabama, followed by fighter training at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. He flew the LTV A-7 Corsair II and Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II with the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing at Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, South Carolina then the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon with the 56th Tactical Fighter Wing at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida; from 1980 to 1983, he served an exchange tour with the Royal Air Force as a pilot in Hunter and Jaguar aircraft at RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland. His command positions have included the 35th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Kunsan Air Base, South Korea; the 366th Operations Support Squadron, Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho; 49th Operations Group at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico; 20th Fighter Wing, Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina; and the 347th Rescue Wing, Moody Air Force Base, Georgia. He has also served on staff assignments at Pacific Air Forces, U.S. Air Force headquarters, and was Deputy Director for Operations on the Joint Staff. He also served as Commandant of the Air Command and Staff College and concluded his military career serving as the sixteenth Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy before retiring from the Air Force in 2005. Rosa is a Command Pilot with more than 3,600 flying hours in the A-7, A-10, the Hunter and Jaguar aircraft, F-16, F-117A, HH-60G and HC-130; he also attended the Instructor Course of the USAF Weapons School. Awards and decorations References External links 1951 births Living people United States Air Force generals Superintendents of the United States Air Force Academy Presidents of The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina Recipients of the Legion of Merit Golden Gate University alumni Harvard Kennedy School alumni The Citadel Bulldogs football players United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal People from Jacksonville, Florida People from Springfield, Illinois American football quarterbacks Military personnel from Illinois

4041430

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Ireland%20Kick%20Fada%20Championship

All-Ireland Kick Fada Championship

The All-Ireland Kick Fada Championship is an annual tournament testing the skills of Ireland's best Gaelic footballers. Fada is Irish for "long". Until 2012 the Kick Fada was sponsored by MBNA while the DAA will sponsor the event in 2013. The tournament (first played in 2000) is held annually at Bray Emmets GAA club, County Wicklow. In 2012, 19 men and 22 women competed in the competition. The competition starts at the 35 meter mark, with each contestant allowed 3 attempts to kick the ball over the bar. Each contestant can kick from their hands, off the ground or drop-kick the ball. If a contestant fails to kick the ball over the bar in the 3 attempts they are eliminated from the competition. Rounds proceed with the successful contestant from the previous round kicking with the distance increased by a further 5 meters. Whoever can score a point from the furthest distance is the winner. There are separate competitions for men and women. The Kick Fada record, which stands at 72 metres, was achieved by four time champion Mark Herbert from Kildare. Suzanne Hughes from Ballyboden St Endas GAA Club holds the all time female record of 52m from back in 2001. As part of the Kick Fada, famous GAA stars and legends of the past are inducted into the "Hall of Fame" Roll of honour Men Women Hall of Fame Masters Rules The competition is open to all current GAA members over the age of 18. The object of the event is to find the longest yet most accurate kickers of a standard GAA football. The winner of the competition will be the contestant with the longest successful kick. A successful kick is deemed to be one where the ball crosses over the bar and between the posts prior to touching the ground. The ball used will be standard Size 5 for men and Size 4 for ladies. Each kick will be taken from a pre-determined marked distance from the target. The kick may be taken from the hand or from the ground. Players may use a tee if they so wish. The taking of a kick by each remaining contestant as a specific distance will be called a 'round'. There will be a maximum of three rounds per distance. Once a contestant has achieved a successful kick they will be deemed to have qualified for the next round and will not be required to take a further kick at the current distance. Each contestant will take a kick in turn until all remaining members of the group have completed an attempt at the current distance. After a maximum of three rounds at a particular distance the distance will be increased by a pre-determined number of metres and a new round will begin for all successful kickers. If a contestant fails to make any successful kick at a particular distance they will not go forward to the next round. In the event of no contestant achieving a successful kick in a round, there will be a sudden-death playoff of all contestants who qualified for that round. The winners of the competition will have the choice of continuing within the rules, to establish the longest successful kick and attempt to set a new record. The decision of the Kica Fada Event Co-ordinator will be final in the event of a dispute. References External links Bray Emmets club page on the Kick Fada Kick Fada Championship

4041433

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities%20and%20research%20institutions%20in%20Berlin

Universities and research institutions in Berlin

The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research in the world. It is the largest concentration of universities and colleges in Germany. The city has four public research universities and 27 private, professional and technical colleges (Hochschulen), offering a wide range of disciplines. Access to the German university system is tuition free. 175,000 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2014/15. Around 20% have an international background. Student figures have grown by 50% in the last 15 years. The Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (HU Berlin) has 34,000 students, the Freie Universität Berlin (Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin) has 34,000 students, and the Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) around 30,000 students. The Universität der Künste (UdK) has about 4,000 students and the Berlin School of Economics and Law has enrollment of about 10,000 students. 40 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated to the Berlin-based universities. History The Prussian Academy of Arts (German: Preußische Akademie der Künste) was an art school set up in Berlin, Brandenburg, in 1694/1696 by prince-elector Frederick III, in personal union Duke Frederick I of Prussia, and later king in Prussia. It had a decisive influence on art and its development in the German-speaking world throughout its existence. It dropped 'Prussian' from its name in 1945 and was finally disbanded in 1955 after the 1954 foundation of two separate academies of art for East Berlin and West Berlin in 1954. Those two separate academies merged in 1993 to form Berlin's present-day Academy of Arts. The Humboldt University of Berlin is one of Berlin's oldest universities, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin (Universität zu Berlin) by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities. Universities Public universities There are six big internationally renowned research universities in the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region: Free University of Berlin (FU Berlin), a German University of Excellence (Berlin University Alliance) Humboldt University of Berlin (HU Berlin), a German University of Excellence (Berlin University Alliance) The Charité is a medical school, one of the largest university hospitals in Europe and a German University of Excellence (Berlin University Alliance) Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin), a German University of Excellence (Berlin University Alliance) Berlin University of the Arts (UdK) is the largest art and design school in Europe University of Potsdam is situated in the south western part of the Berlin urban region Private universities There are six recognized private universities in Berlin: ESCP Europe Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin Hertie School Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin ESMT European School of Management and Technology International Psychoanalytic University Berlin Universities of applied sciences Berlin has several public or private universities of applied sciences (Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften) Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin (public) Bard College Berlin Berlin International University of Applied Sciences Berlin School of Economics and Law (public) Berufsakademie Berlin Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology (public) CODE University of Applied Sciences design akademie berlin, SRH Hochschule für Kommunikation und Design German Academy for Film and Television Berlin Evangelische Fachhochschule Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (public) Fachhochschule für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler (public) Hochschule für Schauspielkunst „Ernst Busch“ (public) International Business School Katholische Fachhochschule Katholische Hochschule für Sozialwesen Berlin Weißensee Academy of Art Berlin (public) Mediadesign Hochschule OTA private University of applied sciences Berlin (OTA Hochschule Berlin) Teikyo University, Berlin campus Touro College Berlin Research institutions Berlin has a high density of research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the Leibniz Association, the Helmholtz Association, and the Max Planck Society, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities. A total number of around 65,000 scientists are working in research and development in 2012. The city is one of the centers of knowledge and innovation communities (Future Information and Communication Society and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung Telekom Innovation Laboratories (affiliated with TU Berlin) German Archaeological Institute (DAI) Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik Ecologic gGmbH Fachinformationszentrum Chemie Institute for Cultural Inquiry Institute of Electronic Business Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB) Otto Suhr Institute for Political Science (OSI) of the Freie Universität Berlin Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Robert Koch Institute (RKI) Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) Umweltbundesamt Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin - Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung Wissenschafts- und Wirtschaftsstandort Adlershof Institut für Museumskunde Institut für Ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung gGmbH Institute for Media and Communication Policy Leibniz Institutes Leibniz Sozietät Deutsches Institut für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung (DIPF) German Institute for Economic Research - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW) Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ) Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften (GESIS) Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Natural History Museum, Berlin (MfN) WZB Berlin Social Science Center Under Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V. (FVB) (Research Association of Berlin): Ferdinand-Braun-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB) Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung Institut für Zoo- und Wildtierforschung Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie (MBI) Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut (PDI) Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik (WIAS) Helmholtz centers Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (BESSY) Institut für Planetenforschung of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Max-Planck Institutes Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG (FHI) Max Planck Institute for Human Development Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MOLGEN) Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Archiv zur Geschichte der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Fraunhofer Institutes Fraunhofer-Institut für Nachrichtentechnik Heinrich-Hertz-Institut (HHI) Sino-German Mobile Communications Institute Fraunhofer-Institut für offene Kommunikationssysteme (FOKUS) Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik (IPK) Fraunhofer-Institut für Rechnerarchitektur und Softwaretechnik (integrated into FOKUS in 2012) Fraunhofer-Institut für Software- und Systemtechnik (integrated into FOKUS in 2012) Fraunhofer-Institut für Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration (IZM) Nobel Prize winners There are 43 Nobel laureates affiliated to the Berlin-based Universities: See also Science and technology in Germany Education in Germany List of universities in Germany References List of universities, colleges, and research institutions in Berlin List of universities, colleges, and research institutions Universities, colleges, and research institutions Berlin, List of universities, colleges, and research institutions in

4041439

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Yodoyman

Joseph Yodoyman

Joseph Yodoyman (1950 – November 22, 1993) was a Chadian politician and civil servant, who held the post of Prime Minister under President Idriss Déby from 1992 to 1993. Originally from southern Chad, he graduated at the Institut international de l'administration publique (IIAP) of Paris. In Chad he became Civil Service Director, until the collapse of all central authority in 1979. In the same year he was made member of the newly formed Comité Permanente du Sud, the de facto government of Southern Chad. He eventually left the post when he entered in November in the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) as deputy secretary-general. In July 1981 he was promoted, becoming the GUNT's secretary of state for Interior. When Hissène Habré formed his first cabinet on October 21, 1982, after having overthrown the GUNT, Yodoyman remained in the cabinet as Minister of Planning. In March 1984 Habré entrusted him with an important mission to Brazzaville and Paris, meant to sound the Southern opposition leaders and verify the possibilities of reaching an accord with them. After the fall of Habré, President Idriss Déby selected Yodoyman as his second Prime Minister on May 20, 1992, replacing Jean Alingué Bawoyeu. In July Yodoyman was expelled from his party, the National Alliance for Democracy and Development (ANDD), which accused him of an "authoritarian, even totalitarian, drift". Yodoyman rebutted that he refused to be "the hostage of any party". and founded a new party, the National Alliance for Democracy and Renewal (in French Alliance Nationale pour la Démocratie et le Renouveau). He remained in office until April 7, 1993, when Fidèle Moungar, who had been elected by the National Conference, took his place. He died a few months later, on November 22. References 1950 births 1993 deaths Government ministers of Chad Heads of government of Chad

4041444

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apo%20Island

Apo Island

Apo Island is a volcanic island covering 74 hectares in land area, 7 kilometers off the southeastern tip of Negros Island and 30 kilometers south of the Negros Oriental capital of Dumaguete in the Philippines. The name "Apo" means "elder" or "respected ancestor" in the Visayan languages. The marine habitat around the island is a marine reserve, protected by the National Integrated Protected Area Act (NIPA) and under the jurisdiction of the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB). It has become a popular dive site and snorkeling destination with tourists. There are two resorts on Apo Island, each with a dive center: Apo Island Beach Resort and Liberty's Lodge. There is also a ranger station and a lighthouse. The island is under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Dauin, Negros Oriental, and is one of the municipality's 23 barangays. As of the 2010 census, the island has a population of 918. Geography and climate Apo Island is located off the southeastern tip of Negros Island, 7 kilometers from the town of Zamboanguita, and 25 kilometers south of the Negros Oriental capital Dumaguete. Extending approximately 1.5 km (0.9 mi) from north to south and 1 km (0.6 mi) from east to west, the island has a land area of approximately 74 hectares and rises to a height of 120 meters (390 feet) above sea level at its highest point. It can be reached by a 30-minute motorized boat ride from the village of Malatapay, Zamboanguita, Negros Oriental. Marine sanctuary and tourism Apo Island was a community-organized marine sanctuaries, and as such it has been well documented by the global science community. The project was started when Dr. Angel Alcala, a marine scientist from the Silliman University Marine Laboratory introduced to the local fishermen the importance of creating a marine sanctuary in the area. Initially, there was hesitation on the part of the locals, but after a three-year dialogue, Dr. Alcala convinced the island community to establish the sanctuary. Assisted by the staff of the SU Marine Laboratory in 1982, the local fishermen selected an area along 450 meters of shoreline and extending 500 meters from shore as the sanctuary site. Since then, the project initiated on the island led to the creation of hundreds of other marine sanctuaries in the Philippines. At present, the island is home to over 650 documented species of fish and estimated to have over 400 species of corals. Most of the Philippines' 450 species of coral can be found here, from tiny bubble corals to huge gorgonian sea fans and brain corals. Visitors and tourists pay a fee to enter Apo Island and to snorkel or dive in the marine sanctuary there. These fees are used to keep the sanctuary clean and in good condition. In 2003, Chicago's Shedd Aquarium opened a Wild Reef exhibit based on Apo Island's surrounding reef and marine sanctuary. In 2008, Sport Diver Magazine listed Apo Island as one of the top 100 diving spots in the world. As of 2017, the fish sanctuary, at the southeastern part of the island was closed "temporarily" since 2014 for the reason of super typhoon Haiyan that has destroyed the shallow coral reef. This beach is indeed facing the ocean and is now banned from snorkelling and the place is now used to park fishing boats. Though the island is not a marine reserve, only the local population have the right to catch fish. The main advantages on the island is indeed the facilities for diving residing on the island (with tanks and compressors) and the protection of sea turtles where more than 60 are recorded, and an amazing diversity of soft and hard corals. In the north part of the island, currents offer exceptionally clear waters even during the planktonic season (December thru March) with a school of jacks, 13 barracudas, few groupers located near Coconut diving spot. See also List of protected areas of the Philippines References Islands of Negros Oriental Underwater diving sites in the Philippines Barangays of Negros Oriental Tourist attractions in Negros Oriental Protected landscapes and seascapes of the Philippines

4041447

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Davidovits

Joseph Davidovits

Joseph Davidovits (born 23 March 1935) is a French materials scientist known for the invention of geopolymer chemistry. He posited that the blocks of the Great Pyramid are not carved stone but mostly a form of limestone concrete or man-made stone. He holds the Ordre National du Mérite. Limestone concrete hypothesis Davidovits believes that the blocks of the pyramid are not carved stone, but mostly a form of limestone concrete and that they were "cast" as with modern concrete. According to this hypothesis, soft limestone with a high kaolinite content was quarried in the wadi on the south of the Giza Plateau. The limestone was then dissolved in large, Nile-fed pools until it became a watery slurry. Lime (found in the ash of cooking fires) and natron (also used by the Egyptians in mummification) were mixed in. The pools were then left to evaporate, leaving behind a moist, clay-like mixture. This wet "concrete" would be carried to the construction site where it would be packed into reusable wooden moulds and in a few days would undergo a chemical reaction similar to the curing of concrete. New blocks, he suggests, could be cast in place, on top of and pressed against the old blocks. Proof-of-concept tests using similar compounds were carried out at a geopolymer institute in northern France and it was found that a crew of five to ten, working with simple hand tools, could agglomerate a structure of five, 1.3 to 4.5 ton blocks in a couple of weeks. He also claims that the Famine Stele, along with other hieroglyphic texts, describe the technology of stone agglomeration. Davidovits's method is not accepted by the academic mainstream. His method does not explain the granite stones, weighing well over 10 tons, above the King's Chamber, which he agrees were carved. Geologists have carefully scrutinized Davidovits's suggested technique and concluded his concrete came from natural limestone quarried in the Mokattam Formation. However, Davidovits alleges that the bulk of the soft limestone came from the same natural Mokkatam Formation quarries found by geologists, and insists that ancient Egyptians used the soft marly layer instead of the hard layer to re-agglomerate stones. Davidovits's hypothesis gained support from Michel Barsoum, a materials science researcher. Michel Barsoum and his colleagues at Drexel University published their findings supporting Davidovits's hypothesis in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society in 2006. Using scanning electron microscopy, they discovered in samples of the limestone pyramid blocks mineral compounds and air bubbles that do not occur in natural limestone. More recently, another study has found the presence of carbon clusters of size ranging between 5 µm and 50 µm in samples of the Khufu pyramid that were identified with a nuclear microprobe and seem to indicate that the clusters are of organic origin. Their location in the pyramid samples coincide with the position of other clusters containing sodium. This situation is completely absent in limestone samples that were collected from stone in the limestone quarries of Tura and Maadi. The study concludes that “...all these observations fit with the model of construction created by Davidovits, who states that the blocks of the Khufu pyramid were cast in situ using granular limestone aggregates, natron, lime (probably produced by the combustion of wood in domestic fires) and water to produce an alkali alumino–silicate based binder.” Dipayan Jana, a petrographer, made a presentation to the ICMA (International Cement Microscopy Association) in 2007 and gave a paper in which he discusses Davidovits's and Barsoum's work and concludes "we are far from accepting even as a remote possibility a 'man-made' origin of pyramid stones." See also Great Pyramids of Giza Pyramids Egyptian pyramid construction techniques Bibliography References 1935 births Living people French Egyptologists Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz alumni French materials scientists

4041456

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%20of%20Worms%20%28film%29

Can of Worms (film)

Can of Worms is a science fiction comedy film and is part of the Disney Channel Original Movie lineup. It premiered on Disney Channel on April 10, 1999, and is based on the novel of the same name by Kathy Mackel, which was a Young Reader's Choice Nominee in 2002 and a nominee for the 2001 Rhode Island Children's Book Award. It is also the first Disney Channel Original Movie to be rated TV-PG. Plot Mike Pillsbury is a teenage boy who believes that he is an alien and does not belong on Earth. Mike is injured during a football game and sees an alien as part of a hallucination. Mike wonders if football is the right sport for him, but his father, a former football player, insists he stick with the sport. Mike is surprised when Katelyn Sandman, a popular girl at school, requests his help decorating the school for an upcoming Halloween dance party. Mike's foe, Scott Schriebner, who is a player on Mike's football team and a friend of Katelyn, sabotages the light and music equipment during the Halloween party. Mike, upset about the party, leaves and uses a satellite dish to send a message to outer space asking to be rescued. Lightning subsequently destroys the satellite dish. The next day, an alien dog named Barnabus appears, with the ability to speak through a translating device. Barnabus explains that because of Mike, the stargate door has been opened. Barnabus tells Mike that he represents a galactic organization specializing in disaster relief and rights violations, and that he has arrived to answer Mike's plea to be taken off the planet. Barnabus explains that time is limited, as other aliens with ulterior motives are traveling through the stargate to find Mike. Mike, who believes he is hallucinating, later meets The Bom, an alien lawyer insistent on having Mike sue Earth for millions of galactic credits for pain and suffering due to the planet's substandard living conditions. During a telephone conversation with Katelyn, Mike is disgusted by The Bom's way of consuming food, leading Katelyn to believe that Mike is distracted and not listening to her. The Bom angrily leaves after Mike refuses to sue. Mike's friend Nick believes that Mike is going crazy after being told about the aliens. When Barnabus is informed of The Bom's visit, he tells Mike that he opened a can of worms by sending his message, as it signaled to the universe that Earth has advanced to a certain technological level. Because of this, Barnabus says Earth is no longer eligible for intergalactic protection for primitive life. Mike accepts Barnabus' offer to take him to a place where he can be alone, but first tries to make amends with Katelyn. However, the Loafer Alien arrives and prevents Mike from meeting with Katelyn, who believes he has rudely ignored her after insisting that they talk. The alien proposes becoming Mike's agent, representing him throughout the galaxy and eventually having him star in a weekly television show about his life as an immigrant. Mike declines the offer. Nick is stunned when multiple aliens arrive with various offers for Mike. Katelyn visits Mike's house and becomes aware of the aliens. Mike prepares to make a deal with one of the aliens to be taken off the planet, but the aliens retreat as a Thoad – a dangerous alien that enjoys capturing rare specimens – approaches. Nick's young brother Jay unexpectedly arrives and is sucked into the stargate by the Thoad, and taken to the alien's home planet. Barnabus says the Thoad will continue capturing specimens until he finds the perfect one. The children ask Scott to act as bait for the Thoad in order to get through the stargate to the Thoad planet, where the Thoad is safe from intergalactic authorities. Scott is initially skeptical about the children's alien claims, but they convince him that he is the perfect specimen for the job. The stargate opens to pull Scott in, briefly allowing Barnabus and the other children to go through it as well. Barnabus and the three children end up in a cave where the Thoad keeps his zoo of captured species from other planets. Among the specimens is an alien identical to the ones Mike described in his stories, although he is not sure how he could have knowledge of such a creature. The Thoad, in his human form, confronts Barnabus and the children. The Thoad transforms into his frog-like alien form, but is then temporarily contained within a cage. Mike uses the Thoad's key to release the captured specimens, including Scott and Jay. Barnabus and the children return to Earth, but the stargate stays open long enough for the Thoad to follow them. Barnabus contacts the intergalactic police to have the Thoad arrested. At a football game, Barnabus informs Mike that his transmission has been deemed accidental and that Earth is classified again as a protected planet. Though Barnabus offers to take Mike with him, Mike accepts that Earth is his home and says farewell to his friend. Cast Michael Shulman as Mike Pillsbury Erika Christensen as Katelyn Sandman Adam Wylie as Nick Andrew Ducote as Jay Garrett M. Brown as Dana Pillsbury, Mike's Father Lee Garlington as Pamela Pillsbury, Mike's Mother Brighton Hertford as Jill Pillsbury, Mike's Sister Marcus Turner as Scott Schriebner Chris Davies as Ryan Marie Stillin as Mrs. Nickerson, Teacher In Mike's Computer Class. Jessica Murdoch as Katelyn's Friend Terry David Mulligan as Coach Trembly Hrogather Matthews as Thoad's Human Form Brian Steele as Thoad's Creature Form Voice Cast Malcolm McDowell as Barnabus, an alien resembling a dog. Bruce Lanoil as The Bom, an alien lawyer that offers to help Mike file a lawsuit against Earth. Wally Wingert as The Loafer Alien, that wants to adapt Mike's life into a TV series. David Coburn as The Jarm, an alien that wants Mike to market his "Jarmonica" slicing utensil. Tara Charendoff as Lula, an alien that wants to date Mike. Peter Kelamis as Intergalactic Cop JD Hall as Thoad's Creature Form Production After her first rewrite on the film's script, Kathy Mackel was replaced by a new writer who did three rewrites. However, Disney was not impressed with the script and rehired Mackel, although very few of her suggestions were used for the script. Mackel subsequently contested for sole screenwriting credit on the script and won through the Writers Guild arbitration process. The film was shot in Vancouver, British Columbia. Prosthetic and animatronic effects were used for the film, and were provided by Steve Johnson's XFX Group and Stargate Films, Inc. Reception In December 2015, Megan Daley of Entertainment Weekly ranked Can of Worms at number 25 on a list of the top 30 Disney Channel Original Movies. Daley wrote, "While Can of Worms isn't as iconic of a PG-fright fest as Halloweentown, it does have a Malcolm McDowell-voiced pup — and an alien has never been so friendly and adorable. (Bonus points for a special appearance by a pre-Parenthood Erika Christensen.)" In May 2016, Aubrey Page of Collider reviewed each Disney Channel Original Movie released up to that point and placed Can of Worms at number 38. Page praised the film's "surprisingly creepy alien creatures" and noted the involvement of Paul Schneider, Mark Mothersbaugh and Malcolm McDowell, writing, "There's a lot of talent at work here in Can of Worms. [...] But that's not to say this one is good – it isn't. In fact, I certainly wouldn't have remembered this one at all if [the film's] wildly creative creatures hadn't kept me awake for a long, sleepless night in 1999." In December 2017, Doug Walker reviewed the movie for Disneycember and declared it as the weirdest thing Disney Channel has ever put on TV. He considered the movie to be bad through its horrendous story, stupid writing and characters, and the annoying over-the-top acting particularly from Michael Shulman as Mike Pillsbury. The only thing he praised about the movie was the design of the aliens. The best way he could think to describe the movie is "The Santa Claus Conquers the Martians of Disney Channel movies." Re-airing Although not shown for many years, the film was broadcast as part of Disney Channel's 2006 "Hauntober Fest" in October. On October 23, 2007, the film reappeared as part of the Halloween film line-up on the Disney Channel. The film was a part of "Wiztober" in 2008 and 2009, which is a mix of Halloween films. Also, the film was re-aired on Disney Channel on October 9, 2011 as part of Disney's "Monstober" event, and on October 6, 2015. The film was also aired in May 2016, as part of Disney Channel's celebration of 100 Disney Channel Original Movies. The film, among other largely unseen DCOMs of the late 90s and early 2000s, was made available on Disney+. Notes References External links 1990s science fiction comedy films 1999 television films 1999 films American science fiction comedy films Disney Channel Original Movie films Films about extraterrestrial life Films based on American novels Puppet films Films scored by Mark Mothersbaugh Alien visitations in films American science fiction television films 1990s English-language films Films directed by Paul Schneider (director) 1990s American films

4041484

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Alingu%C3%A9%20Bawoyeu

Jean Alingué Bawoyeu

Jean Alingué Bawoyeu (born August 18, 1937), known in French as the vieux sage, which translates as "wise elder", is a Chadian politician who was Prime Minister of Chad from 1991 to 1992. During the 1970s, he served successively as Ambassador to the United States and France. Later, he was President of the National Assembly in 1990. He served in the government as Minister of Justice from 2008 to 2010 and as Minister of Posts and New Information Technologies from 2010 to 2013. A Christian, his base of support is in Tandjilé, in southern Chad, from which he originates. Early career Alingué was born at Fort Lamy in 1937. A largely self-educated man, he started his career by entering the civil service in 1953, where he first served as a clerk in the capital's city treasury. Five years later he had risen to the position of city controller, and, with the independence of Chad from France, he attended the National Treasury School, in Paris between 1960 and 1961. On his return to Chad in 1961 he was made Treasury Inspector and Advisor to the Director of Public Accounts. Alingué kept these posts for three years, after which he was promoted, in 1966, to the rank of Treasurer General of Chad, where he remained for ten years. In 1974 he was assigned to the diplomatic service and sent to New York City as ambassador to the United Nations and the United States, and remained there until he was recalled in 1977. He was then Ambassador to France from 1977 to 1979. Following the disintegration of all central authority after the first battle of N'Djamena in 1979, he became secretary-general of the Comité Permanente du Sud, the de facto government of southern Chad led by Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué. In 1982 Bawoyeu was briefly tapped by Goukouni Oueddei to be his minister of finance. In June 1983, after the Comité's fall in 1982, he formed, with other southerners who had held important posts under the governments of François Tombalbaye and Félix Malloum, an opposition party, the Groupe des patriotes et democrates tchadiens. On April 27, 1984, in Lagos, the group signed an accord with the Forces Populares et Revolutionnaires du Tchad, with the goal of forming a third force, opposed to both the Chadian government and the GUNT insurgents. President of the National Assembly and Prime Minister Reconciled with the government, Alingué became president of the constitutional commission created by President Hissène Habré on July 8, 1988. The commission was charged with drafting a new constitution, which involved making a national inquiry that included missions and questionnaires. The new constitution was eventually approved by referendum on December 10, 1989. Under this constitution, a parliamentary election was held in July 1990, and Alingué was elected to the National Assembly. When the new National Assembly first met on August 5, 1990, it elected Alingué as President of the National Assembly. When, on December 1, 1990, Habré and much of his government fled the capital before the advancing rebel forces of Idriss Déby, Alingué, as the highest ranking civilian authority left in N'Djamena, appealed for calm on the national radio and announced that he had assumed the lead of an interim government composed of fellow assemblymen and protected by the French troops stationed in the country. He also added that he had already started negotiations with General Déby and invited the government forces to depose their arms. Alingué refused on the occasion to assume the post of Head of State as he was entitled by the constitution in case of vacancy of the presidency, and instead was content to prepare for Déby's arrival. When later in his political career he was accused of having shown weakness and timidity in taking this course, he answered that if he had taken the office he would have plunged the country into a useless bloodbath. Talks between Alingué and Déby on the passage of powers began the next day, when Déby's forces rolled into the capital. On December 6, Déby, as new leader of Chad, dissolved the National Assembly and formed a new interim government composed of a 33-member Council of State, which included Alingué among its members. On March 4, 1991, Déby was proclaimed President of Chad and he proceeded to dissolve the Council of State the day after. In the new government Alingué was given the largely impotent office of Prime Minister, a post he held until May 20, 1992, when he was replaced by Joseph Yodoyman, like him a Chadian Southerner. This dismissal was felt by Alingué as an act of political ingratitude, transforming him through time into a staunch opponent of the president. During his period in office, in October 1991, the Council of Ministers adopted recommendations leading to the registration of political parties, thus putting an end to the single-party system. Birth of the UDR While still Prime Minister, he founded one of the first new political parties, the Union for Democracy and Republic (UDR);, of which he was elected president in March 1992, prior to the party's official recognition. the organization was readily considered among Chad's most prominent political parties. Alingué united his party with a study group created in April 1991 in Moyen-Chari by a number of young local cadres and intellectuals, among whom was Koibla Djimasta, who became Prime Minister in 1995. This alliance made the UDR a conglomerate of political fiefs, uniting Alingué's personal Tandjilé base with his allies following in Moyen-Chari. This alliance began breaking up in 1996 on the issue of the approval or not of the proposed constitution. In the ensuing referendum, Djimasta campaigned actively in his region for the "yes", while Alingué became a leading spokesman for the "no" front. Alingué had previously favored a "yes" vote, but apparently was later forced to side with the "no" vote by his party that put him in minority in March 1996. This defection was later followed by that of another key Moyen-Chari UDR politician, Abdoulaye Djonouma, marking the breakup of the Moyen-Chari-Tandjilé coalition and reducing Alingué's UDR to a mere regional party. Before the referendum, Alingué had played a significant role during the convening of the National Sovereign Conference (CNS) in 1993. He acted there as a spokesman for the members representing the political parties, presiding over the conclusive rounds of talks that beginning on March 7 were to define the last issues on the tables. In particular, he played an important role in putting an end to the serious deadlock that emerged regarding the composition and the size of the transitional legislature that was to remain in office until elections were held. After many fruitless votes, Alingué, speaking for the political parties, imposed a compromise proposal, on which no negotiation or debate was accepted. Elections Under the UDR's banner Alingué presented himself on June 2, 1996, as a candidate for the country's first competitive presidential election since independence, coming fourth with 8.31% of the vote. Alingué, together with the other 14 opposition candidates, attempted to have the first round of the elections annulled for alleged massive frauds and falsifications favouring President Déby, but their joint petition to the Court of Appeal was rejected on June 19; Alingué then, with other candidates, invited the electors to boycott the second round. His party, the UDR, took part in the 1997 parliamentary election, obtaining four seats. He showed himself, in 1998, to be a staunch advocate for the disengagement of Chadian troops from the Congo War, arguing that, since there was no defensive accord between Chad and Congo-Kinshasa, there was no legal basis for the presence of Chadian troops in Congo. He participated in the presidential election held on May 20, 2001, but finished last, receiving only 2.05%, losing 26% in his Tandjilé stronghold and 14% in N'Djamena compared with 1996. With all the opposition candidates he denounced the elections, asking for a rerun. His party, the UDR, boycotted the 2002 parliamentary election, and did the same for the 2005 constitutional referendum. When the results of the latter were published, declared that the results were fixed and accused Déby of attempting to set up a political dynasty. On March 26, 2005, the Public Security and Immigration Minister Abderahmane Moussa withdrew Alingué's passport, claiming that it was not valid, and thus prevented him from leaving Chad to participate in an important gathering of the main opposition leaders in Paris on March 27, 2005. Opposition newspapers argued that the passport was valid, reporting a statement by Alingué, who said that he had travelled with the same passport since 2002 without anybody questioning its validity. In the government of Prime Minister Youssouf Saleh Abbas, which was announced on April 23, 2008, Alingué was appointed as Minister of Justice. He was one of four members of the Coordination of Political Parties for Defense of the Constitution opposition coalition to be included in the government. He was instead appointed as Minister of Posts and New Information Technologies in 2010, serving in that post until he was dismissed from the government in January 2013. References 1937 births Living people Ambassadors of Chad to France Ambassadors of Chad to the United States People from N'Djamena Presidents of the National Assembly (Chad) Union for Democracy and the Republic (Chad) politicians Heads of government of Chad Finance ministers of Chad Justice ministers of Chad

4041499

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper%20Gangetic%20Plains%20moist%20deciduous%20forests

Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests

The Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of northern India. Geography It lies on the alluvial plain of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, with an area of , covering most of the state of Uttar Pradesh and adjacent portions of Uttarakhand, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. The ecoregion is bounded on the north by the Himalayan subtropical pine forests, Terai-Duar savannas and grasslands and Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests of the Himalaya foothills, to the west by the drier Northwestern thorn scrub forests and Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests, on the south by the Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests of the Malwa and Bundelkhand uplands, and on the east by the more humid Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests. The ecoregion is home to several large cities, including Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Gwalior, and Varanasi. Climate The ecoregion has a subtropical climate. Rainfall is highly seasonal, falling mainly during the June-to-September southwest monsoon. Flora In ancient times the region was mostly covered with moist deciduous forests, with trees that lose their leaves during the winter dry season. sal (Shorea robusta) is predominant tree. Mature trees form a canopy 25 to 35 metres. Other trees include Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia belerica, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Adina cordifolia, Dillenia pentagyna, Stereospermum suaveolens, and Ficus spp. Where the land has been disturbed by flood, fire, or livestock grazing there are areas of grassland or savanna, with the grasses Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum narenga, Saccharum benghalense, and Vetiveria zizanioides. Fauna There are 79 known species of mammals in the ecoregion. Large mammals, including tiger (Panthera tigris), Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), chousingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii), and sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), once roamed the ecoregion. Habitat destruction has mostly extirpated them from the ecoregion. Small populations of tiger, Asian elephant, sloth bear, and chousingha persist in the few remaining forested areas at the foot of the Himalayas. There are over 290 species of birds, including the great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps), lesser florican (Sypheotides indicus), Indian grey hornbill (Ocyceros birostris), and Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris). Wetlands along the Ganges River and its tributaries support communities of resident and migrant waterfowl, along with mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) and gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). The ecoregion's large rivers are home to the endangered Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica). Conservation The ecoregion is currently densely populated, and the fertile plains have largely been converted to intensive agriculture, with only a few enclaves of forest remaining. A 2017 assessment found that 3,544 km², or 1%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas in the ecoregion include: Jim Corbett National Park National Chambal Sanctuary Rajaji National Park Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary Karera Wildlife Sanctuary Ranipur Sanctuary Ken Gharial Sanctuary Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary See also Ecoregions of India References External links Ecoregions of India Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Forests of India Environment of Uttar Pradesh Environment of Bihar Environment of Haryana Environment of Madhya Pradesh Environment of Uttarakhand Indomalayan ecoregions

4041504

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Speirs

Steve Speirs

Steve Speirs (born Steven Roberts, 22 February 1965) is a Welsh actor and writer who has appeared in films such as Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. Early life He was born as Steven Roberts in Troed-y-rhiw, a village now in the borough of Merthyr Tydfil, Wales and went to school at Afon Taf High School where he found a taste for drama. He joined the National Youth Theatre of Wales and studied drama at Loughborough University. He says he took his stage name, Speirs, from the surname of a lecturer at college. Career Since graduating from university, Speirs has played Sloan in Eragon, Andy Fellows in Making Waves and with Ricky Gervais in Extras, as well as playing Captain Tarpals in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace and having a small role in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. He appears in Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire, a comedy fantasy series in which he plays Loquasto, an oafish servant, "who belongs to a race of pig-like creatures known as Grobble". He wrote his first film, Caught in the Act, in 2008 and starred in it as the lead character. Based on his memories of growing up in south Wales, it was filmed in the Merthyr Tydfil area. Speirs often goes by the name of "Dullard" in honour of his role in Extras, as he considers the character a mirror of himself. Speirs also appeared in the Gervais and Stephen Merchant film Cemetery Junction released in 2010, a part which was written particularly for him. Speirs also starred as the bouncer at Mother McOakley's Tavern in Burke and Hare, a British black comedy directed by John Landis and released (in the United Kingdom) in October 2010. He also starred in a CBBC show called Sadie J where he portrayed Sadie's dad, a mechanic. Other roles which Speirs is known for include his portrayal of Bernard Bresslaw in Cor, Blimey!, Big Alan Williams in Stella and Colour Sergeant Wormwood in Sharpe's Peril. He also appears as a postman on the last episode of Miranda season 3. Speirs played depressed geography teacher and caretaker Mr Gareth Barber in the BBC One sitcom Big School for two series in 2013 and 2014. In 2013, Spiers played PC McClintock in the Christmas TV film Gangsta Granny, an adaptation of the book written by David Walliams. He played the role of Dad in the 2014 TV film The Boy in the Dress, also written by Walliams. In 2015 he appeared in the TV spin off The Bad Education Movie playing Don alongside the main cast of Bad Education as well as many other guests in the movie. The same year, he also appeared in the pilot of the radio sitcom Ankle Tag, which went on to air three series in 2017, 2018 and 2020. In 2016 he appeared in Ben Elton's BBC One comedy series Upstart Crow playing Richard Burbage , the actor and leader of Will's acting company. He has continued in this role for three series ( 2016, 2017 & 2018) with two Christmas spin-offs in 2017 & 2018 and in the London West End in Elton's stage version of the show titled The Upstart Crow. He has created, written and starred in The Tuckers for BBC Wales and BBC iPlayer. In 1998 he appeared in the video for the Super Furry Animals song Ice Hockey Hair. Personal life Speirs lives in Brighton, East Sussex. He has two sons, Jack and Lewes with his first wife. He remarried and has a son and a daughter with his second wife Joanna. His brother is opera singer Jeffrey Lloyd Roberts. Filmography Film Television References External links Steve Speirs at the British Film Institute 1965 births Living people Alumni of Loughborough University Welsh male film actors Welsh male television actors People from Merthyr Tydfil

4041510

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Alice

Radio Alice

Radio Alice was an Italian free radio broadcasting from Bologna at the end of the 1970s. It started transmitting on 9 February 1976 using an ex-military transmitter on a frequency of 100.6 MHz. The station founders were associated with the Italian counter-culture movement of 1977 and drew inspiration from the Situationists and Dada. Franco "Bifo" Berardi, one of the founders, described Radio Alice as a "mix between a classical medium of militant information and a sort of art experiment in media sabotage." The station was closed by the carabinieri on 12 March 1977. Radio Alice then re-opened again for two years and became politically aligned with the autonomism movement. After closure, the frequency was then given by the state to Radio Radicale. Radio Alice's output covered a myriad of subjects: labor protests, poetry, yoga lessons, political analysis, love declarations, cooking recipes, Jefferson Airplane, Area or Beethoven music. Participants in the station included Franco "Bifo" Berardi, Maurizio Torrealta, Filippo Scòzzari, Paolo Ricci and Carlo Rovelli. In 2002 some former staff members participated in the founding of Orfeo TV, the first Telestreet unlicensed TV. The work of Radio Alice inspired the founders of Novara Media. See also Autonomism Lavorare con lentezza, a 2004 Italian film about Radio Alice by Guido Chiesa Wu Ming References Alice è il diavolo - Storia di una radio sovversiva, 1976, L'Erba Voglio (2002, Shake Edizioni) External links Watch Lavorare con lentezza Le Radio Locali: una esperienza comunicativa per il pubblico giovanile (1975-77) by Massimo Lualdi (Italian) 'a day in the life of Radio Alice' Interview with Bifo about the Radio Il corrispondente operaio, a newsletter published by Radio Alice Autonomism Mass media in Bologna Pirate radio stations Radio stations in Italy 1976 establishments in Italy 1979 disestablishments in Italy Radio stations established in 1976 Radio stations disestablished in 1979 Defunct mass media in Italy

4041513

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barker%20Bill%27s%20Trick%20Shooting

Barker Bill's Trick Shooting

Barker Bill's Trick Shooting is a light gun shooter video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1990. Gameplay Barker Bill's Trick Shooting consists of four carnival-type game modes in which the player uses a NES Zapper to shoot various objects for points. Higher scores are given for more daring shots: those on the verge of disappearing or breaking award the most points. The game modes consist of: Balloon Saloon The player attempts to shoot balloons flying away while avoiding hitting the dog from Duck Hunt. Ballons are worth 100 points each. Flying Saucers Barker Bill and his assistant Trixie will toss plates across the screen. Shoot the plates while avoiding Bill, Trixie, and the parrot. Plates are scored according to how close they are to the floor: from 100 very high up to 500 just above the floor. Window Pains Assorted objects will fall down a screen full of windows, but some of the windows are closed, blocking the player's shots. He can only hit objects through open windows. Hits are scored according to the row the object is hit: from 100 at the top row to 500 on the bottom. Fun Follies This involves progressing through the previous three in turn followed by two additional stages: Trixie's Shot (first seen in stage 4) Trixie walks around the screen and occasionally presents coins. Shoot the coins while trying not to hit her or the parrot. Points range from 100 to 500 points depending on how quickly they're shot after being presented; any coin she tosses away is always worth 500 points. After playing Trixie's Shot, provided at least one diamond was earned, the player will go to a slot machine; pull the trigger to stop the slots. This is the only way to win extra chances in Fun Follies. Diamonds that the player collected in earlier stages (which do not give him extra chances in Fun Follies) allow for more winning lines and a better chance at a big prize. The player is awarded for all winning lines, allowing the potential (with at least two diamonds) for up to 15 extra chances. Bill's Thrills (first seen in stage 9) Bill will throw objects like eggs and tomatoes high up. Hit them before they reach Trixie, but be careful of the parrot again. Scoring is higher due to the difficulty and depends on the size of the object thrown: from 800 for the relatively large tomato to 1,500 for the tiny egg. The player will start each game with ten chances. Except during Fun Follies, they can gain a life by shooting a diamond. The player lose one chance for committing each of the following: Failing to hit a target. Hitting the wrong thing (such as a person or animal). The game is over when the player runs out of chances. Music The soundtrack was composed by Hirokazu Tanaka, who had worked on the music for earlier Nintendo games such as Balloon Fight and Duck Hunt. The high scores music from the VS versions of these games was later remixed by Tanaka in Trick Shooting. The only difference is that the song is now in the key of C# rather than C. The game uses Tanaka's later sound engine, with digitized drum samples. Reception Allgame gave the game a score of 3.5 stars out of 5. Game Freaks 365 gave it a rating of 83% (the equivalent of a B grade) in their 2005 review. See also List of Famicom games List of NES games References External links Barker Bill's Trick Shooting at NinDB 1990 video games Light gun games Nintendo Entertainment System games Nintendo Entertainment System-only games Nintendo games Nintendo Research & Development 1 games Video games based on television series Video games developed in Japan Video games scored by Hirokazu Tanaka

4041519

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20code%20602

Area code 602

North American area code 602 is a state of Arizona telephone area code that covers most of the city of Phoenix. Originally established as Arizona's only area code, splits in 1995 and 1999 cleaved off numbers outside of metropolitan Phoenix (now in area codes 520 and 928) and the eastern and western portions of the metropolitan area (creating area codes 480 and 623, respectively). In 2023, 480 and 623 are scheduled to be turned into overlay area codes for most of metropolitan Phoenix, effectively reversing the 1999 split. This will result in the implementation of mandatory 10-digit dialing in the current 602 and 623 areas. History Early history and split of 520 602 is one of the original area codes established in October 1947 and originally covered the entire state of Arizona. By the late 1980s, Arizona's explosive population growth in the second half of the 20th century made it apparent that the state needed to at least consider the feasibility of a second area code. Mountain Bell, the incumbent local exchange carrier in the state, requested a second area code for Arizona in 1988. BellCore, which at the time administered the assignment of area codes, denied Mountain Bell's request and instead allowed the state to go to the first phase of interchangeable dialing, in which central office codes with a middle digit of 0 or 1 were made available for use, in 1990. This meant that in-state toll and collect calls would require dialing the area code. By the early 1990s, Arizona was one of the largest states served by only one area code, and it was apparent that the immediate need for a second area code could no longer be staved off. In advance of the 1995 introduction of interchangeable area codes (area codes with a middle digit not 0 or 1), and in response to continued population growth, Arizona was allocated a second area code, area code 520. The new area code completely surrounded metropolitan Phoenix, which mostly retained 602. 520 was introduced on March 19, 1995. Permissive dialing of 602 continued across Arizona until October 22, 1995. On that date, use of 520 became mandatory for rural Arizona. The new area code became mandatory in Flagstaff, Prescott, and Yuma on June 30, 1996, and in Tucson on December 31, 1996. The freed central office codes in 602 were then used for new telephone numbers in the Phoenix area. Overlay or split? The creation of 520 was originally intended as a long-term solution; under original projections, Arizona was not expected to need another area code until at least 2015. However, Arizona's explosive population growth in the 1990s, the introduction of new competitive telephone service providers and telecommunications technologies (i.e., cell phones, pagers, dial-up Internet), and an inefficient number allocation system brought 602 to the brink of exhaustion far sooner than expected. It soon became apparent that metropolitan Phoenix, now one of the largest toll-free calling zones in the nation, needed at least one additional area code. By 1997, two ideas were on the table for how to introduce a second area code into metropolitan Phoenix, and the telephone industry could not reach a consensus on which was more suitable. US West, formerly Mountain Bell, was in favor of an overlay. In an overlay, a second area code would be added to the existing 602 area. This would have required the implementation of ten-digit dialing for all local calls. The other option was a split, in which the suburban portion of the Valley would have received another area code, with 602 retained by areas primarily in the city of Phoenix. Conversely, newer entrants to the telephone market, like MCI Communications, supported a split because US West, as the dominant provider in the region, held most of the numbers in 602. The final word rested with the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC), which regulates public utilities. In November 1998, on a 2–1 vote, the ACC voted to adopt the overlay for implementation in 1999. Corporation Commission staff felt the overlay offered a more long-term solution than a split, which was projected to require additional relief within four years for metro Phoenix and 12 years for suburban areas. In early December, 480 was assigned as the second area code. The adoption of the overlay plan, however, met with criticism from the public. Overlays were still a new concept at the time and met with some resistance due to the need for ten-digit dialing. Just two weeks after voting in favor, the ACC opted to reconsider in a move that clearly favored the adoption of a split. The "doughnut" split gained two wrinkles in the process. First, the commission opted to consider putting north Phoenix in the new area code as well. Second, the idea of changing to a three-way split where the East Valley and West Valley areas being spun out from 602 would receive their own area codes gained traction. On December 18, 1998, the Corporation Commission approved the final plan to go into effect on September 1, 1999: a three-way split, under which the city of Phoenix minus Ahwatukee and areas north of Union Hills Road remained in 602; the East Valley, Town of Paradise Valley, and north Phoenix east of 22nd Street took area code 480; and the West Valley was placed into area code 623. (556 was also considered instead of 623.) All calls remained local across all three new area codes. The three-way split took place even though, in actuality, just three million phone numbers had been issued from the 7.5 million available in 602. Permissive dialing of the new area codes started on April 1. The three Valley area codes form one of the largest local calling areas in the western United States. With the exception of the slivers of the Valley that are in the 520 and 928 area codes, no long-distance charges are applied from one portion of the Valley to another. Even with the split into three area codes, much of the Valley is still part of the Phoenix rate center. Boundary elimination overlay The three-way split, combined with the implementation of number pooling and other practices to encourage efficient use of telephone numbers, gave the Valley enough telephone numbers to absorb more than 20 years of growth. By October 2020, the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) forecast that area code 480 would be exhausted by the first quarter of 2024 and 602 two years later in 2026. However, 623 was not forecast to exhaust until 2069; in 2021, it had 299 assigned central office codes as opposed to more than 700 in each of 480 and 602. After NANPA initiated relief planning for 480, the state's telecommunications industry recommended to the Corporation Commission that the 1999 area code boundaries be eliminated, creating a three-code overlay complex while reuniting the previously split Phoenix rate center (allowing for pooled numbers to be used anywhere in the metropolitan area) and allowing the assignment of new numbers (primarily from 623) throughout the single rate center. By this time, overlays had become the standard for relief. No area codes had been split anywhere in the United States since 2007, and a split could not be used to relieve 480 because of the implementation of 10-digit dialing. This would save the assignment of two area codes compared to all-service distributed overlays of 480 and 602, and last 26 years, as opposed to 35 for the introduction of new area codes. The Corporation Commission approved this plan on November 9, 2021. Implementation began in August 2022, after the national deadline to activate 988, with a six-month permissive 10-digit dialing period for the 602 and 623 areas to begin on February 11, 2023, ahead of the overlay becoming effective in August of that year; after that, recorded messages will pass on to callers dialing the old method. References External links 602 602 Phoenix, Arizona Telecommunications-related introductions in 1947

4041524

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassour%20Guelendouksia%20Ouaido

Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido

Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido (born 1947) is a Chadian politician who was Prime Minister of Chad from 1997 to 1999 and was President of the National Assembly of Chad from 2002 to 2011. He was Secretary-General of the Economic Community of Central African States from 2012 to 2013. Career A southerner, he was born in 1947 at Gounou Gaya. A demographer specialising in Sub-Saharan Africa, he started his studies in N'Djamena, where he obtained his baccalauréat, and after that took a diplôme d'Ingénieur at Abidjan's School of Statistics. He later completed his education by receiving a diploma at Yaoundé and, lastly, at the Paris Demography Institute. Ouaido began his working career as co-director of the projected 1974-75 Chadian national census. He successively worked at the Permanent Interstate Committee for drought control in the Sahel, becoming in 1988 the interim director of one of its structures, the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur la Population pour le Développement. Since 1995 Ouaido has been in politics under the banner of President Idriss Déby's party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), serving as Minister of Education and Minister of Planning and Cooperation. He was Secretary-General at the President's Office when, following the resignation of Koibla Djimasta's cabinet, he was appointed by the President on May 17, 1997 as the new Prime Minister. This change originated from the rallying to the government of the opposition leader Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué, who was thus elected President of the National Assembly with the support of the MPS on May 9. Ouaido's new cabinet included representatives of several parties, even if the key posts were kept by the MPS; it was appointed on May 21. Ouaido was eventually replaced two years later, on December 13, 1999, and succeeded by Nagoum Yamassoum, also of the ruling party and considered a close aide of Déby. It is believed that Ouaido's expected removal was motivated by two main reasons: the failure to quell the insurgency led by the former Minister of Interior Youssouf Togoïmi and the difficulties with the Doba oilfield project, abandoned by the oil companies Elf Aquitaine and Royal Dutch Shell. Another element was the fall of cotton prices, which affected the country's first source of exports and thus increased the deficit. In the April 2002 parliamentary election, Ouaido was elected to the National Assembly as an MPS candidate from Gounou Gaya constituency in Kabia Department. When the new National Assembly first met on June 10, 2002, he was elected as the President of the National Assembly. On February 29, 2008, Ouaido was appointed by Déby to head an international commission of inquiry into the disappearances of opposition leaders who were allegedly arrested by the government earlier in the month. However, there were concerns from the opposition and non-governmental organizations that this commission would not act independently, and it was subsequently replaced by another commission, which was viewed more favorably and was not headed by Ouaido, on April 2. Ouaido was subsequently designated as Secretary-General of the Economic Community of Central African States, taking office on 28 February 2012. He was succeeded in that post by Ahmad Allam-Mi on 5 August 2013. References Presidents of the National Assembly (Chad) 1947 births Living people Patriotic Salvation Movement politicians People from Mayo-Kebbi Est Region Heads of government of Chad

4041528

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWSD

KWSD

KWSD (channel 36) is a television station in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, affiliated with YTA TV. It is owned by Jim Simpson alongside low-power station KAUN-LD (channel 25). KWSD's studios are located on West 57th Street in Sioux Falls, and its transmitter is located in Rowena. History Previously, the station had the call sign KAUN and it was the local Pax TV affiliate, while The WB was carried on a cable-only channel known by the fictitious call sign KWJB. On October 1, 2003, channel 36 acquired the WB affiliation and became KWSD, and Pax TV was moved to low-power sister station KAUN-LP. The programming on KWSD was provided by The WB 100+ Station Group, a predecessor to The CW Plus. In September 2006, The WB and UPN merged to become The CW. KWSD became the CW affiliate for Sioux Falls, and UPN affiliate "UTV", a digital subchannel of KELO-TV, became an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. At one point in the past decade, KWSD/KAUN had a 9 p.m. newscast that served the Sioux Falls Metro Area and the KWSD viewing area. That newscast was pulled, and reports are that there are plans in the works to bring back a 9 p.m. newscast to the Sioux Falls market. KWSD's CW affiliation ended on September 10, 2012; at that time, the affiliation moved to a subchannel of KSFY-TV. KWSD switched its affiliation to MeTV on that date. As of September 2015, the MeTV affiliation also moved to KSFY, on their third subchannel; KWSD then became a Retro TV affiliate. As of June 2020, KWSD lost its Retro TV affiliation and became an independent station, only to become a YouToo America affiliate the following year. On November 23, 2022, it was reported that Fargo, North Dakota–based Forum Communications Company would purchase KWSD and sister station KCWS-LD from Jim Simpson for $1.4 million, pending approval from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Forum intends to create a third television news operation in the Sioux Falls market. Technical information Analog-to-digital conversion KWSD shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 36, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 51 to channel 36 for post-transition operations. References Mt. Shasta News Archives; Dunsmuir News Archives External links Program Information for KWSD at TitanTV.com YTA TV affiliates WSD Television channels and stations established in 2000 2000 establishments in South Dakota