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Autologous Induced Stem-Cell-Derived Retinal Cells for Macular Degeneration.

We assessed the feasibility of transplanting a sheet of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in a patient with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The iPSCs were generated from skin fibroblasts obtained from two patients with advanced neovascular age-related macular degeneration and were differentiated into RPE cells. The RPE cells and the iPSCs from which they were derived were subject to extensive testing. A surgery that included the removal of the neovascular membrane and transplantation of the autologous iPSC-derived RPE cell sheet under the retina was performed in one of the patients. At 1 year after surgery, the transplanted sheet remained intact, best corrected visual acuity had not improved or worsened, and cystoid macular edema was present. (Funded by Highway Program for Realization of Regenerative Medicine and others; University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry [UMIN-CTR] number, UMIN000011929 .).

['Aged', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Male', 'Retinal Pigment Epithelium', 'Transplantation, Autologous']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.872.040.500', 'A11.872.700.500'], ['C11.768.585.439'], ['A09.371.670.500', 'A09.371.729.887'], ['E04.936.664']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

[Study and preparation of a novel apatite-wollastonite bioactive glass-ceramic-calcium sulphate hemihydrate composite].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare a novel apatite-wollastonite bioactive glass-ceramic-calcium sulphate hemihydrate(AW-BGC-CSH) composite, to study its biocompatibility, and to provide experimental support for its further clinical application.METHODS: Samples of AW-BGC-CSH composite were prepared with different AW-BGC granules-CSH ratios (50%, 40%, 30%, 20%). Surface morphology, microstructure and mechanical features of the composite were measured. Osteoblasts were cultivated in vitro on the composite. Cell morphology, proliferation, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts were examined to determine the biocompatibility of the composite.RESULTS: The composite showed a three-dimensional pored structure with communicated micropores under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The plasticity of the composite could be maintained within 3 - 5 min. Its top solidification temperature was 36.4°C and the maximum compressive strength was 9.3 MPa. The osteoblasts adhered to the composite and grew well. At 1, 3, 5, 7 d after cultivated, the microprotein contents of the composite were (251 ± 12), (296 ± 31), (580 ± 13) and (571 ± 15) mg/L, and the ALP activity of the composite were (4.50 ± 0.68), (6.90 ± 0.27), (12.05 ± 0.28) and (11.86 ± 0.63) U/mg. The results of the ALP activity and microprotein contents in the experiment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The prepared AW-BGC-CSH composite has a three-dimensional pored structure, favourable plasticity, mechanical property and good biocompatibility.

['Apatites', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Calcium Compounds', 'Calcium Sulfate', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Ceramics', 'Materials Testing', 'Osteoblasts', 'Silicates']

[['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025', 'D01.146.360.050', 'D01.578.122', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D01.146'], ['D01.146.375', 'D01.578.215', 'D01.875.800.800.850.125'], ['A11.251'], ['J01.637.153'], ['E05.570'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D01.578.725', 'D01.837.725.700.760']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[SELECTIVE EFFICACY OF GEORGIAN LEGUME EXTRACTS ON JURKAT AND MDCK CELLS].

The goal of our study was to establish the anti- proapoptotic activity of the common in Georgia crops on the Jurkat and MDCK cells. Extracts of various varieties of beans (Tirkmela, Batumi meadow, Shulavera, Udelebi, as well as green peas, Lens Culinaris lentils, soy beans) were added to the intact or incubated under oxidative stress conditions Jurkat and MDCK cells. Cell viability (apoptosis intensity) was determined by a cell proliferative activity test (MTT test). Correlation and statistical analysis of ANOVA was performed using the package (SPSS version 11.0). In the presented study the selective effectiveness of extracts with different antioxidant activity on intact and incubated under oxidative stress Jurkat and MDCK cells was revealed, related with different sensitivity of cells to the oxidative stress. In normal MDCK epithelial cells, resistant to redox-active factors (H2O2), inverse relationship between the intensity of apoptosis and the antiradical potential of the extract was found; in leukemia transformated Jurkat cells, characterized by high sensitivity to oxidants (H2O2), a violation of the redox-dependent anti-apoptotic cell protection mechanisms was revealed, which is manifested by the absence of regularity of the cytoprotective / cytotoxic effects of the extracts on intact and incubated cells under oxidative stress conditions. These results can be used in the development of schemes of anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory therapy.

['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Dogs', 'Fabaceae', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Plant Extracts']

[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['A11.251.210.827', 'A11.436.589'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

The human transforming growth factor alpha promoter directs transcription initiation from a single site in the absence of a TATA sequence.

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is a transformation-responsive mitogenic polypeptide that is expressed in the brain, epithelial cells, and activated macrophages. We isolated and characterized the TGF-alpha promoter and localized the 5' end of the TGF-alpha transcript to a unique position. Surprisingly, no apparent TATA box was present in the promoter sequence, suggesting that transcription from mammalian genes can initiate at unique and specific positions from promoters lacking this sequence motif.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Chimera', 'Genes', 'Genes, Homeobox', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasmids', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transforming Growth Factors']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B05.200'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.230.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.644.276.963', 'D12.776.467.960', 'D23.529.960']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Resident Participation is Not Associated With Worse Outcomes After TKA.

BACKGROUND: Approximately one-half of all US surgical procedures, and one-third of orthopaedic procedures, are performed at teaching hospitals. However, the effect of resident participation and their level of training on patient care for TKA postoperative physical function, operative time, length of stay, and facility discharge are unclear.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) Are resident participation, postgraduate year (PGY) training level, and number of residents associated with absolute postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®-10) global physical function score (PCS), and achieving minimum clinically important difference (MCID) PCS improvement, after TKA? (2) Are resident participation, PGY, and number of residents associated with increased TKA operative time? (3) Are resident participation, PGY, and number of residents associated with increased length of stay after TKA? (4) Are resident participation, PGY, and number of residents associated with higher odds of patients being discharged to another inpatient facility, rather than to their home (facility discharge)?METHODS: We performed a retrospective study using a longitudinally maintained institutional registry of TKAs that included 1626 patients at a single tertiary academic institution from April 2011 through July 2016. All patients who underwent primary, elective unilateral TKA were included with no exclusions. All patients were included in the operative time, length of stay, and facility discharge models. The PCS model required postoperative PCS score (n = 1417; 87%; mean, 46.4; SD, 8.5) and the MCID PCS model required pre- and postoperative PCS (n = 1333; 82%; 55% achieved MCID). Resident participation was defined as named residents being present in the operating room and documented in the operative notes, and resident PGY level was determined by the date of TKA and its duration since the resident entered the program and using the standard resident academic calendar (July - June). Multivariable regression was used to assess PCS scores, operative time, length of stay, and facility discharge in patients whose surgery was performed with and without intraoperative resident participation, accounting for PGY training level and number of residents. We defined the MCID PCS score improvement as 5 points on a 100-point scale. Adjusting variables included surgeon, academic year, age, sex, race-ethnicity, Charlson Comorbidity Index, preoperative PCS, and patient-reported mental function, BMI, tobacco use, alcohol use, and postoperative PCS time for the PCS models. We had postoperative PCS for 1417 (87%) surgeries.RESULTS: Compared with attending-only TKAs (5% of procedures), no postgraduate year or number of residents was associated with either postoperative PCS or MCID PCS improvement (PCS: PGY-1 = -0.98, 95% CI, -6.14 to 4.17, p = 0.708; PGY-2 = -0.26, 95% CI, -2.01to 1.49, p = 0.768; PGY-3 = -0.32, 95% CI, -2.16 to 1.51, p = 0.730; PGY-4 = -0.28, 95% CI, -1.99 to 1.43, p = 0.746; PGY-5 = -0.47, 95% CI, -2.13 to 1.18, p = 0.575; two residents = 0.28, 95% CI, -1.05 to 1.62, p = 0.677) (MCID PCS: PGY-1 = odds ratio [OR], 0.30, 95% CI, 0.07-1.30, p = 0.108; PGY-2 = OR, 0.86, 95% CI, 0.46-1.62, p = 0.641; PGY-3 = OR, 0.97, 95% CI, 0.49-1.89, p = 0.921; PGY-4 = OR, 0.73, 95% CI, 0.39-1.36, p = 0.325; PGY-5 = OR, 0.71, 95% CI, 0.39-1.29, p = 0.259; two residents = OR, 1.23, 95% CI, 0.80-1.89, p = 0.337). Longer operative times were associated with all PGY levels except for PGY-5 (attending surgeon only [reference] = 85.60 minutes, SD, 14.5 minutes; PGY-1 = 100. 13 minutes, SD, 21.22 minutes, +8.44 minutes, p = 0.015; PGY-2 = 103.40 minutes, SD, 23.01 minutes, +11.63 minutes, p < 0.001; PGY-3 = 97.82 minutes, SD, 18.24 minutes, +9.68 minutes, p < 0.001; PGY-4 = 96.39 minutes, SD, 18.94 minutes, +4.19 minutes, p = 0.011; PGY-5 = 88.91 minutes, SD, 19.81 minutes, -0.29 minutes, p = 0.853) or the presence of multiple residents (+4.39 minutes, p = 0.024). There were no associations with length of stay (PGY-1 = +0.04 days, 95% CI, -0.63 to 0.71 days, p = 0.912; PGY-2 = -0.08 days, 95% CI, -0.48 to 0.33 days, p = 0.711; PGY-3 = -0.29 days, 95% CI, -0.66 to 0.09 days, p = 0.131; PGY-4 = -0.30 days, 95% CI, -0.69 to 0.08 days, p = 0.120; PGY-5 = -0.28 days, 95% CI, -0.66 to 0.10 days, p = 0.145; two residents = -0.12 days, 95% CI, -0.29 to 0.06 days, p = 0.196) or facility discharge (PGY-1 = OR, 1.03, 95% CI, 0.26-4.08, p = 0.970; PGY-2 = OR, 0.61, 95% CI, 0.31-1.20, p = 0.154; PGY-3 = OR, 0.98, 95% CI, 0.48-2.02, p = 0.964; PGY-4 = OR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.43-1.57, p = 0.599; PGY-5 = OR, 0.7, 95% CI, 0.41-1.40, p = 0.372; two residents = OR, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.56-1.54, p = 0.766) for any PGY or number of residents.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings should help assure patients, residents, physicians, insurers, and hospital administrators that resident participation, after adjusting for numerous patient and clinical factors, does not have any association with key medical and financial metrics, including postoperative PCS, MCID PCS, length of stay, and facility discharge. Future research in this field should focus on whether residents affect knee-specific patient-reported outcomes such as the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score and additional orthopaedic procedures, and determine how resident medical education can be further enhanced without compromising patient care and safety.Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic study.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Clinical Competence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minimal Clinically Important Difference', 'Orthopedic Surgeons', 'Physical Functional Performance', 'Postoperative Period', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.761.559.590.399.750', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399.750'], ['M01.526.485.810.910.875', 'N02.360.810.910.875'], ['N01.400.545.750'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Automated nucleic acid isolation in viral molecular diagnostics: evaluation of the QIAsymphony SP.

The Qiagen QIAsymphony SP is a high-throughput (up to 96 samples per run), fully-automated nucleic acid isolation system. It was implemented in the authors' laboratory to cope with the high demand for pandemic H1N1 influenza testing in 2009. This study evaluated the QIAsymphony SP for viral nucleic acid isolation from quality control materials, pure cultures and various clinical specimens. The effect of varying sample volume on detection sensitivity was investigated using serial 10-fold dilutions of pure viral specimens and target nucleic acids were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Little variability in detection sensitivity was observed for all the viral targets tested, although variation in cycle threshold values was apparent in some cases. Importantly, pathogens were detectable over a broad concentration range and from diverse clinical specimens. Removal of PCR inhibitors was generally effective, as demonstrated by detection of viral nucleic acids and/or internal controls. The results demonstrate that the QIAsymphony SP is suitable for use in routine virology molecular diagnostics, and provides a high-throughput capacity, which is needed in peak seasons of infection or in centralised laboratories.

['Animals', 'Automation, Laboratory', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chick Embryo', 'DNA, Viral', 'Dogs', 'Humans', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Nucleic Acids', 'Pathology, Molecular', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Quality Control', 'RNA, Viral', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']

[['B01.050'], ['E05.064', 'J01.897.104.416'], ['A11.251'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['D13.444'], ['H01.158.201.636.475.750', 'H01.158.273.343.595.475.750', 'H01.181.122.650.475.680', 'H02.403.650.505'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['J01.897.608'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Comparison of hospital databases on antibiotic consumption in France, for a single management tool.

CONTEXT: The surveillance of antibiotic use in hospitals and of data on resistance is an essential measure for antibiotic stewardship. There are 3 national systems in France to collect data on antibiotic use: DREES, ICATB, and ATB RAISIN. We compared these databases and drafted recommendations for the creation of an optimized database of information on antibiotic use, available to all concerned personnel: healthcare authorities, healthcare facilities, and healthcare professionals.METHODOLOGY: We processed and analyzed the 3 databases (2008 data), and surveyed users.RESULTS: The qualitative analysis demonstrated major discrepancies in terms of objectives, healthcare facilities, participation rate, units of consumption, conditions for collection, consolidation, and control of data, and delay before availability of results. The quantitative analysis revealed that the consumption data for a given healthcare facility differed from one database to another, challenging the reliability of data collection. We specified user expectations: to compare consumption and resistance data, to carry out benchmarking, to obtain data on the prescribing habits in healthcare units, or to help understand results.CONCLUSIONS: The study results demonstrated the need for a reliable, single, and automated tool to manage data on antibiotic consumption compared with resistance data on several levels (national, regional, healthcare facility, healthcare units), providing rapid local feedback and educational benchmarking.

['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Automation', 'Benchmarking', 'Cross Infection', 'Data Collection', 'Database Management Systems', 'Databases, Factual', 'Drug Utilization', 'France', 'Humans', 'Inappropriate Prescribing', 'Pharmacy Service, Hospital', 'Qualitative Research']

[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['J01.897.104'], ['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['L01.224.068', 'L01.224.900.280', 'N04.452.515.110'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.490', 'N02.421.450.500.249'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.603', 'N02.421.668.556', 'N04.452.442.452.422.603'], ['H01.770.644.241.850']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Ingestion of bar soap may produce serious injury: clinical effects and risk factors.

INTRODUCTION: Most household and body soaps have an alkaline pH (9-12). In addition to their foaming effect, they irritate the skin. This study aims to review soap exposure reported to the Angers Poison Control Centre.METHOD: A retrospective study of accidental or deliberate oral exposure to solid soaps reported to the Angers Poison Control Centre between 1 January 2000 and 1 April 2015. Poisoning severity was reassessed for each case according to the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS).RESULTS: 553 cases of exposure were recorded. In more than 40% of cases (n = 226), exposure occurred in community settings (retirement homes, nursing homes). Patients had a history of dementia in 220 cases (40%). The most common symptoms were labial oedema (28%, n = 153), oropharyngeal irritation (10%, n = 56), salivation (10%, n = 53), vomiting (9%, n = 48) and cough (8%, n = 45). Among symptomatic patients (n = 276), one patient died from aspiration pneumonia and one patient died from a cardiogenic shock following oropharyngeal oedema, vomiting, cough and bronchial obstruction. Patients with dementia were more often symptomatic (75% vs 34%, p < .001) and more frequently hospitalised (22% vs 0.8%, p < .001). They experienced more moderate to severe symptoms (8% vs 0%, p < .001). Mildly severe (PSS2, n = 14), highly severe (PSS3, n = 1) and fatal (PSS4, n = 2) poisoning were observed only in patients with dementia.CONCLUSION: Ingestion of soap bars is potentially serious, especially in patients with dementia. This type of soap should not be available to them in community settings and close monitoring should be considered in the event of oral exposure.

['Accidents, Home', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dementia', 'Edema', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poisoning', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Soaps', 'Volition', 'Young Adult']

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['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Melatonin alleviates behavioral deficits associated with apoptosis and cholinergic system dysfunction in the APP 695 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Melatonin is an endogenous antioxidant and free radical scavenger. A transgenic (Tg) mouse model for Alzheimer's disease mimics the accumulation of senile plaques, neuronal apoptosis and memory impairment. Previous studies indicated that melatonin reduced beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, after giving melatonin at 10 mg/kg to APP 695 transgenic (APP 695 Tg) mice for 4 months, we evaluated the long-term influence of melatonin on behavior, biochemical and neuropathologic changes in APP 695 Tg mice. Step-down and step-through passive avoidance tests suggested that 8-month-old APP 695 Tg mice showed decreases in step-down latency and step-through latency and increases in count of error throughout the entire learning trial and memory session, which suggested learning and memory impairment. However, melatonin alleviated learning and memory deficits. Additionally, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity also decreased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of APP 695 Tg mice compared with non-Tg littermates. Melatonin supplementation increased ChAT activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. DNA fragmentation was present in the frontal cortex of the APP 695 Tg mice; melatonin reduced the number of apoptotic neurons. Congo Red staining and Bielschowsky silver impregnation both showed the apparent extracellular Abeta deposition in frontal cortex of APP 695 Tg mice. However, melatonin decreased the Abeta deposits. Our results indicate that neuroprotection by melatonin is partly related to modulation of apoptosis and protection of the cholinergic system. Early rational melatonin interventions may be one of the most promising strategies in the development of approaches to retard or prevent Abeta-mediated disease progression.

['Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain', 'Choline O-Acetyltransferase', 'Cholinergic Fibers', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Learning', 'Melatonin', 'Memory', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neuroprotective Agents']

[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.180'], ['A08.675.127.500', 'A08.675.542.234', 'A11.671.188.500', 'A11.671.501.234'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.393.475'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Background reduction at DTU Nutech surface gamma laboratory.

Sources of background and background variation in a BEGe type HPGe detector located in a surface laboratory were identified. Different strategies for background reduction were applied. A cosmic veto was installed, and optimised using a digital acquisition system in list-mode with time-stamped data. This resulted in the reduction of total background by a factor of 1.4. Thermal and fast neutron fluxes were also calculated. The radon induced background component and its variation were significantly reduced.

['Air Pollutants, Radioactive', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Radon', 'Spectrometry, Gamma']

[['D20.693.101', 'D27.888.284.101.393'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['D01.268.271.800', 'D01.268.613.700', 'D01.362.641.745', 'D01.496.749.305.800'], ['E05.196.867.776', 'E05.799.801']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Dyserythropoiesis and annulate lamellae.

Cytoplasmic and intranuclear annulate lamellae in the erythroblasts from patients with dyserythropoietic anaemia (megaloblastic anaemia, dysplastic anaemia and erythroleukaemia) are described. Annulate lamellae have mainly been observed in oocytes, in embryonic tissues and in malignant cells. Their occurrence in dyserythropoietic anaemia may be related to the reappearance of fetal characteristics in the erythroblasts and erythrocytes.

['Anemia, Macrocytic', 'Anemia, Megaloblastic', 'Cytoplasm', 'Erythroblasts', 'Erythropoiesis', 'Fetal Hemoglobin', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute']

[['C15.378.071.252'], ['C15.378.071.252.196'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A11.148.378.590.837.250.200', 'A11.443.240.497.200', 'A15.378.316.378.590.837.250.200'], ['G04.152.825.414', 'G09.188.343.414'], ['D12.776.124.400.303', 'D12.776.422.316.762.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.325', 'C15.378.190.636.276']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in young adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): 1999-2006.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MetS).DESIGN: Cross-sectional. Three breakfast groups were identified, breakfast skippers (BS), ready-to-eat-cereal (RTEC) consumers and other breakfast (OB) consumers, using a 24 h dietary recall. Risk factors were compared between the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted statistical procedures.SETTING: The 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USA.SUBJECTS: Young adults (20–39 years of age).RESULTS: Among these young adults (n 5316), 23.8% were BS, 16.5% were RTEC consumers and 59.7% were OB consumers. Relative to the BS, the RTEC consumers were 31%, 39%, 37%, 28%, 23%, 40% and 42% less likely to be overweight/obese or have abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum LDL-cholesterol, reduced serum HDL-cholesterol or elevated serum insulin, respectively. Relative to the OB consumers, the BS were 1.24, 1.26 and 1.44 times more likely to have elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum LDL-cholesterol or reduced serum HDL-cholesterol, respectively. Relative to the OB consumers, the RTEC consumers were 22%, 31% and 24% less likely to be overweight/ obese or have abdominal obesity or elevated blood pressure, respectively. No difference was seen in the prevalence of the MetS by breakfast skipping or type of breakfast consumed.CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that consumption of breakfast, especially that included an RTEC, was associated with an improved cardiometabolic risk profile in U.S. young adults. Additional studies are needed to determine the nature of these relationships.

['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Breakfast', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet', 'Diet Records', 'Edible Grain', 'Fast Foods', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Obesity', 'Obesity, Abdominal', 'Overweight', 'Risk Factors', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G07.203.300.590.120', 'J02.500.590.120'], ['C14'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N04.452.859.360'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['G07.203.300.477', 'J02.500.477'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C18.654.726.500.615', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.249', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.249'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Young adults' attitudes to sharing whole-genome sequencing information: a university-based survey.

BACKGROUND: Genomic services are increasingly accessible to young adults starting their independent lives with responsibility for their self-care, yet their attitudes to sharing genomic information remain under-researched. This study explored attitudes of university-based 18-25 year-olds towards sharing personal whole-genome sequencing (WGS) information with relatives.METHODS: We surveyed 112 young adults. Hypotheses were tested regarding the relationships between their preferences for sharing personal WGS information with relatives and factors including their gender, previous genetics-specific education, general educational attainment level and current study in a science, technology, engineering, maths or medicine (STEMM) field.RESULTS: Most participants were positive about both their intention to share their WGS results with their parents and siblings, and their desire to know their relatives' results. Being female and having a university-level genetics education were consistently positively correlated with intention to share one's results with parents and with siblings as well as the desire to know relatives' results. Additionally, females who had undertaken a genetics course at university had significantly greater intentions and desires than females who had not. Lower general educational attainment was related to a lower intention to share with siblings. Participants who were in a STEMM field had a greater desire to know their relatives' results.CONCLUSIONS: Participants' gender and prior genetics education were consistently related to their intentions to share WGS results with relatives and their desire to know relatives' results. Educational attainment was found to be positively correlated with intention to share with siblings. Being in a STEMM field was related to participants' desire to know their relatives' results. These findings indicate that gender and genetics education are particularly important influencers on young adults' stated sharing preferences. More research is required to examine the dependent variables studied to further understand their influence on attitudes to sharing WGS results. These findings are particularly interesting for information provision and support before genomic sequencing and post-results to improve the outcomes for individuals and their relatives.

['Family', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Information Dissemination', 'Male', 'Policy Making', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Universities', 'Whole Genome Sequencing', 'Young Adult']

[['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.143.443'], ['N03.706.742'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830'], ['E05.393.760.700.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Renal phosphorus excretion in adult healthy cats after the intake of high phosphorus diets with either calcium monophosphate or sodium monophosphate.

Renal and faecal phosphorus excretion of adult healthy European shorthaired cats after the intake of high phosphorus diets (meat/rice based) with either calcium monophosphate (HP-CaP) or sodium monophosphate (HP-NaP) as main phosphorus source was compared. The control diets (CON-CaP and CON-NaP, respectively) did not contain any added phosphorus. Calcium/phosphorus ratio was adjusted to 1.3/1 by adding calcium carbonate. Twenty-three cats were available for the trials. All cats were fed the control diets for 29 days; then, the HP diets were tested for 29 days against controls in a crossover design. Faeces and urine were collected in the last 10 days of each trial. Phosphorus in food, faeces and urine was measured by photometry after wet digestion. Phosphorus intake amounted to 84 ± 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) in CON-NaP (n = 13) and to 74 ± 7 in CON-CaP (n = 12). In the HP groups, the intake was 255 ± 34 mg/kg BW (HP-NaP; n = 13) and 216 ± 20 mg/kg BW (HP-CaP; n = 12). The sodium monophosphate in group HP-NaP led to a higher renal phosphorus excretion (83 ± 15 mg/kg BW) than the calcium monophosphate (25 ± 5 mg/kg BW; p < 0.05), even though the apparent phosphorus digestibility was higher in HP-CaP than in HP-NaP (p < 0.05). Faecal calcium excretion was strictly correlated to faecal phosphorus excretion (r2  = 0.98). The same was true for calcium and phosphorus balance (r2  = 0.89). In group HP-NaP, seven of 13 cats showed glucosuria. By contrast, in HP-CaP glucosuria was not observed. Highly water-soluble inorganic phosphorus sources such as sodium phosphate are likely to lead to phosphaturia and may present a risk for renal health of cats.

['Animal Feed', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Calcium Phosphates', 'Cats', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Diet', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Interactions', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Male', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphorus', 'Phosphorus, Dietary', 'Urinalysis']

[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075', 'D01.146.360', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['A12.459'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D01.268.666'], ['D01.695.635'], ['E01.370.225.124.810', 'E01.370.390.810', 'E05.200.124.810']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Bioactivation of the tobacco carcinogens 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AáC) in human bladder RT4 cells.

Occupational and tobacco exposure to aromatic amines (AAs) including 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) are associated with bladder cancer (BC) risk. Several epidemiological studies have also reported a possible role for structurally related heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formed in tobacco smoke or cooked meats with BC risk. We had screened for DNA adducts of 4-ABP, 2-NA, and several prominent HAAs formed in tobacco smoke or grilled meats including 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylmidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AáC) in the bladder DNA of BC patients, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We detected DNA adducts of 4-ABP, but not adducts of the other carcinogens. In this study, we have examined the capacity of RT4 cells, an epithelial human bladder cell line, to bioactivate AAs and HAAs to DNA damaging agents, which may contribute to BC. 4-ABP and AáC formed DNA adducts, but DNA adducts of 2-NA, PhIP, and MeIQx were not detected. 4-ABP DNA adducts were formed at tenfold higher levels than AáC adducts. Pretreatment of RT4 cells with á-naphthoflavone (1-10 µM), a specific cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) inhibitor, decreased AáC adduct formation by 50% but did not affect the level of 4-ABP adducts. However, cell pretreatment with 8-methoxypsoralen (0.1-1 µM), a potent inhibitor of CYP2A, resulted in a 90% decrease of 4-ABP DNA adducts levels. These data signify that CYP2A and CYP1A isoforms expressed in the target urothelium bioactivate 4-ABP and AáC, respectively, and may be a critical feature of aromatic amine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The bioactivation of other tobacco and environmental AAs by bladder CYPs and their ensuing bladder DNA damage warrants further study.

['2-Naphthylamine', 'Aminobiphenyl Compounds', 'Carbolines', 'Carcinogens', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'DNA Adducts', 'DNA Damage', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Urinary Bladder']

[['D02.092.710', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.850', 'D04.615.638.850'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.060'], ['D03.383.725.150', 'D03.633.100.473.155', 'D03.633.300.154'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D13.444.308.135', 'G05.200.104'], ['G05.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['A05.810.890']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Effect of counter-ions and penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of flurbiprofen.

The aim of this work was to investigate the percutaneous absorption of flurbiprofen (FP) using counter-ions as enhancers as well as to compare their enhancing activity with penetration enhancers in vitro. The in vitro permeation studies of FP were performed in isopropyl myristate (IPM) solution by two-chamber diffusion cells, using rat abdominal skin as a model. Among the penetration enhancers examined, including the cosolvents of propylene glycol and ethanol (EtOH), oleic acid, menthol, laurocapram, sorbitan monooleate, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), 10% (w/w) EtOH and NMP exhibited the most potent solubilization and enhancing effects of FP from IPM, with a flux of (372.60 +/- 45.12) microg/cm(2)/h and (474.21 +/- 46.64) microg/cm(2)/h, respectively. Ten percent (w/w) EtOH/IPM binary system was used to investigate the effect of the counter-ions, namely diethylamine (DEA), triethylamine (TEA), ethanolamine (EtA), diethanolamine (DEtA), triethanolamine (TEtA), and N-(2'-hydroxyethanol)-piperdine (HEPP). The cumulative amounts were markedly increased in the presence of the counter-ions, and the highest flux of (1297.53 +/- 121.81) microg/cm(2)/h was obtained by DEA. This was related to the decreased lipophilicity and different physicochemical properties of the ion-pairs. In particular, we proved the formation of an FP/amine ion-pair in solution by (1)H-NMR. The results suggest that the counter-ions are more efficient than penetration enhancers.

['Amines', 'Animals', 'Ethanol', 'Flurbiprofen', 'Ions', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Propylene Glycol', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Skin', 'Skin Absorption']

[['D02.092'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D02.241.081.751.161', 'D02.455.426.559.389.185.350'], ['D01.248.497'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D02.033.455.706.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A17.815'], ['G03.015.500.750', 'G03.787.024.500.750', 'G07.690.725.015.500.750', 'G13.750.778']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Effect of calcium dobesilate on permeation of plasma proteins in diabetic patients].

The effect of six months of treatment with 750 mg calcium dobesilate on sedimentation rate blood count, cholesterol, triglycerides, platelet aggregation factor, total protein, electrophoretic distribution of serum protein concentrations, and kinetics of intravenous albumin marked with 131I was established in 35 diabetics with a mean duration of diabetes of 9.8 years. There was significant intravascular retention of 131I albumin and significant increase of serum albumin, beta-globulins and total protein after treatment. The other parameters remained unchanged. The results are interpreted as evidence of lowering of the increased transcapillary permeability within the vascular system seen in diabetics.

['Aged', 'Benzenesulfonates', 'Beta-Globulins', 'Blood Proteins', 'Blood Sedimentation', 'Calcium Dobesilate', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Cholesterol', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Serum Albumin', 'Triglycerides']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.097', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.100'], ['D12.776.124.790.223', 'D12.776.377.715.182'], ['D12.776.124'], ['E01.370.225.625.125', 'E05.200.625.125'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.097.120', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.100.075'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['D10.351.801']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Sodium- and water balance in the dog in the conscious state and under nitrous-oxide and barbiturate anesthesia (author's transl)].

By a suitable pattern of saline infusion we established an equilibrium between input and renal output of sodium and water in the conscious animal, which was maintained for six hours. During this period of equilibrium we found an increase in GFR, plasma volume and functional ECFV of about 30% each, the amount of intravascular protein and albumin being unchanged. Under nitrous-oxide and thiopentone anaesthesia renal sodium and water excretion was unchanged compared with values of conscious animals. However there was a striking decrease in plasma volume as well as in circulating protein and albumin by approximately 20%. Similarly functional ECFV (sulphate space) was found to be reduced under thiopentone anaesthesia. Retention of sodium about 12 hours after the end of anesthesia amounted to 7% of the quantities infused (about 50 mval per animal), whilst the applied water load had been completely excreted.

['Anesthesia', 'Animals', 'Barbiturates', 'Dogs', 'Extracellular Space', 'Female', 'Nitrous Oxide', 'Plasma Volume', 'Sodium', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']

[['E03.155'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.742.698.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['D01.362.635.625', 'D01.625.550.550', 'D01.650.550.587.650'], ['G09.188.130.610', 'G09.330.380.092.610'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Preparation and characterization of cotton fabric with potential use in UV resistance and oil reclaim.

Here we report a simple, facile and low-cost approach to the cotton textile with significant properties. After treatment, the cotton textiles exhibit not only an excellent superhydrophobicity with the water contact angle (WCA) of 151.5(o), but also an efficient shielding property against UV with the transmittance under 2.0%. More importantly, this cotton displays an outstanding potency in oil reclaim, which can recycle oil from the waste water with oil stain efficiently. Apparently, our results suggest an innovative material that should find practical and diversified applications, particularly in the field of oil spill cleanup.

['Cotton Fiber', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Textiles', 'Ultraviolet Rays']

[['J01.637.836.299'], ['G02.409'], ['J01.637.836'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]

['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']

Evaluating and prescribing new medicines in general practice.

BACKGROUND: In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) approves new medicines that general practitioners (GPs) may prescribe. Medicines listed under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) have undergone a rigorous independent evaluation in relation to comparative efficacy, safety and effectiveness against medicines already on the market. However, GPs need to appraise the medicines they prescribe for individual patients, taking a number of factors into consideration.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to assist GPs' decision making when prescribing new medicines, and provide information about the most reliable sources of unbiased information to help them evaluate the risks and benefits in partnership with their patients.DISCUSSION: GPs require accurate summaries of a medicine's properties, efficacy and side‑effect profile from trusted sources such as the Australian Medicines Handbook, Therapeutic Guidelines, NPS MedicineWise, Australian Prescriber or the TGA. Information about a new medicine needs to be interpreted so that patients may also make informed choices.

['Australia', 'Decision Making', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'General Practitioners', 'Humans', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'"]

[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['M01.526.485.810.485', 'N02.360.810.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625']]

['Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']

Noninvasive measurements of nonlinear arterial elasticity.

To describe fully the compliance characteristics of an artery with nonlinear elastic properties, measurements must be obtained over a wide range of pressures. Furthermore, repeated measurements, as required in temporal studies of arterial implants, require that the measuring technique be noninvasive. The application of a pulsed ultrasound echo-tracking device is described, which fulfills both criteria. Nonlinear compliance-pressure (CP) curves were obtained from the femoral arteries of dogs, with the use of halothane anesthesia to vary systemic pressure, and were used to compare the gross elastic properties of different vessels. Studies using controlled hemorrhage or the vasoactive drugs, nitroprusside and levarterenol (norepinephrine), were used to verify that the CP curves obtained during halothane anesthesia did not reflect varying degrees of smooth muscle activation. However, surgical exposure did temporarily reduce arterial compliance at pressures between 60 and 140 mmHg. The effect of vasoactive intervention and of postsurgical changes in arterial or graft compliance can thus be quantitated by use of CP curves or by comparing incremental elastic moduli, which can also be estimated from the noninvasively derived measurements.

['Animals', 'Arteries', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Dogs', 'Elasticity', 'Femoral Artery', 'Hypotension', 'Mathematics', 'Pressure', 'Rheology', 'Ultrasonics']

[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G01.374.590'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['C14.907.514'], ['H01.548'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['H01.671.031.849']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Study of genetic variance in the fluctuating asymmetry of anthropometrical traits.

We have studied the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of 8 bilateral morphometric traits in two-parent families, comprising 216 families with one newborn baby, and 60 families with two children (age range 5-18 years). Heritability was assessed by: (1) multiple regression analyses of the children's measurements on the mother's and father's measurements; (2) midparent-child regressions; and (3) sibling correlations. The extent of genetic determination of individual FA measurements was generally low, albeit statistically significant in some cases. However, even these correlations were inconsistent between samples and relatives. However, the mean FA values for all 8 studied traits showed positive and significant correlation between parents and children in two samples and in total. Additive genetic variance, calculated from multiple regression analyses and midparent-child correlations, was estimated to be between 0.25-0.30. Three multiple regressions (two for the separate group and one for the total sample) yielded a statistically significant value (between 0.21-0.33) also for the non-additive genetic component.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anthropometry', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Family', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Israel', 'Male', 'Nuclear Family']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['F01.829.263.500', 'I01.880.853.150.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the copper chaperone HAH1 reveals a linear two-coordinate Cu(I) center capable of adduct formation with exogenous thiols and phosphines.

The human copper chaperone HAH1 transports copper to the Menkes and Wilson proteins, which are copper-translocating P-type ATPases located in the trans-Golgi apparatus and believed to provide copper for important enzymes such as ceruloplasmin, tyrosinase, and peptidylglycine monooxygenase. Although a substantial amount of structural data exist for HAH1 and its yeast and bacterial homologues, details of the copper coordination remain unclear and suggest the presence of two protein-derived cysteine ligands and a third exogenous thiol ligand. Here we report the preparation and reconstitution of HAH1 with Cu(I) using a protocol that minimizes the use of thiol reagents believed to be the source of the third ligand. We show by x-ray absorption spectroscopy that this reconstitution protocol generates an occupied Cu(I) binding site with linear biscysteinate coordination geometry, as evidenced by (i) an intense edge absorption centered at 8982.5 eV, with energy and intensity identical to the rigorously linear two-coordinate model complex bis-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene thiolate Cu(I) and (ii) an EXAFS spectrum that could be fit to two Cu-S interactions at 2.16 A, a distance typical of digonal Cu(I) coordination. Binding of exogenous ligands (GSH, dithiothreitol, and tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine) to the Cu(I) was investigated. When GSH or dithiothreitol was added to the chaperone during the reconstitution procedure, the resulting Cu(I)- HAH1 remained two-coordinate, whereas the addition of the phosphine during reconstitution elicited a three-coordinate species. When the exogenous ligands were titrated into the Cu(I)-HAH1, all formed three-coordinate adducts but with differing affinities. Thus, GSH and dithiothreitol showed weaker binding, with estimated KD values in the range 10-25 mm, whereas tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine showed stronger affinity, with a KD value of <5 mm. The implications of these findings for mechanisms of copper transport are discussed.

['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cation Transport Proteins', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Copper', 'Copper Transport Proteins', 'DNA Primers', 'Dithiothreitol', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Glutathione', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Metallochaperones', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phosphines', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Recombinant Proteins']

[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250.578', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.578'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D02.033.800.196', 'D02.886.740.224', 'D09.853.196'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D12.776.580.612'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D12.776.580'], ['G02.494'], ['D01.695.525', 'D02.705.621'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['D12.776.828']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

Reactivity of a dihydroboron species: synthesis of a hydroborenium complex and an expedient entry into stable thioxo- and selenoxo-boranes.

The reaction of a recently synthesized dihydroboron species complexed with bis(phosphinimino)amide, LBH2 (), (L = [N(Ph2PN(2,4,6-Me3C6H2))2](-)) with 3 equivalents of BH2Cl·SMe2 or one equivalent of BCl3 affords the first stable monohydridoborenium ion, [LBH](+)[HBCl3](-) () that is stable without a weakly coordinating bulky anion. Compound can also be prepared directly by refluxing LH with 3 equivalents of BH2Cl·SMe2. Interestingly, reaction of LBH2 () with elemental sulfur and selenium involves oxidative addition of S and Se into B-H bonds and subsequent release of H2S (or H2Se) from the intermediate LB(SH)2 (or LB(SeH)2) species forming stable compounds with terminal boron-chalcogen double bonds LB[double bond, length as m-dash]S () and LB[double bond, length as m-dash]Se (). The electronic structures of compounds , and were elucidated by high resolution mass spectrometry, multi-nuclear NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Ab initio calculations on are in excellent agreement with its experimental structure and clearly support the existence of the boron-sulfur double bond.

['Boron Compounds', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Selenium', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds']

[['D01.132', 'D02.203'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700'], ['D02.886.489']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Fluoroquinolone-resistant acute prostatitis requiring hospitalization after transrectal prostate biopsy: effect of previous fluoroquinolone use as prophylaxis or long-term treatment.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to scrutinize the hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of acute prostatitis after transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate (TRUSBP) focusing their history of previous antibiotic use, clinical pictures, microbiologic features, and resistance patterns of the isolates.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of the records between 2005 and 2010 revealed 13 patients. All patients received ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice a day starting from the day before TRUSBP for 5 days.RESULTS: Positive 13 urine and 7 blood samples (Escherichia coli in 12 patients, Enterococcus species in one) were evaluated for resistance patterns. All were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolated in 4 patients were treated with carbapenems. Empirical ceftriaxone was shifted to carbapenem (4 patients), vancomycin (1 patient). Empirical carbapenem was maintained in 5 patients. Seven patients with elevated PSA received fluoroquinolones for 4 weeks before TRUSBP on the assumption that they had subclinical infectious prostatitis. Previous exposure to fluoroquinolones did not lead to important differences in respect to the studied parameters.CONCLUSIONS: The prompt initiation of effective treatment is essential to decrease morbidity and mortality. Empirical treatment would be a second or third generation cephalosporins, or carbapenems according to clinical severity of patients.

['Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Biopsy', 'Carbapenems', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Enterococcus', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostate', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatitis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Vancomycin']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['E02.319.162.150', 'E02.319.703.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D02.065.589.099.124', 'D03.633.100.300.124'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.155', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.155', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.155'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B03.353.750.250.250', 'B03.510.550.250.250'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['C12.294.565.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Sex differences in energetic costs explain sexual dimorphism in the circadian rhythm modulation of the electrocommunication signal of the gymnotiform fish Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus.

To understand the evolution of sexually dimorphic communication signals, we must quantify their costs, including their energetic costs, the regulation of these costs, and the difference between the costs for the sexes. Here, we provide the first direct measurements of the relative energy expended on electric signals and show for the focal species Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus that males spend a significantly greater proportion of their total energy budget on signal generation (11-22%) compared with females (3%). Both sexes significantly reduce the energy spent on electric signals during daylight hours through circadian modulation of the amplitude, duration and repetition rate of the electric signal, but this effect is more marked in males. Male body condition predicted the energy spent on electric signals (R(2)=0.75). The oxygen consumed by males for signal production closely paralleled the product of the electric signal's waveform area (R(2)=0.99) and the discharge rate (R(2)=0.59), two signal parameters that can be assessed directly by conspecifics. Thus the electric communication signal of males carries the information to reveal their body condition to prospective mates and competing males. Because the electric signal constitutes a significant fraction of the energy budget, energy savings, along with predation avoidance, provides an adaptive basis for the production of circadian rhythms in electric signals.

['Animal Communication', 'Animals', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Electric Organ', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Gymnotiformes', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Signal Transduction']

[['F01.145.113.055'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['A13.332'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.378.430'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G03.680'], ['G08.686.815'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

A Glycine soja 14-3-3 protein GsGF14o participates in stomatal and root hair development and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

It is well established that 14-3-3 proteins are key regulators of multiple stress signal transduction cascades. However, the biological functions of soybean 14-3-3 proteins, especially in plant drought response, are not yet known. In this study, we characterized a Glycine soja 14-3-3 gene, GsGF14o, which is involved in plant development and drought response. GsGF14o expression was greatly induced by drought stress, as evidenced by the quantitative real-time PCR and â-glucuronidase (GUS) activity analysis. GsGF14o overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in decreased drought tolerance during seed germination and seedling growth. Furthermore, silencing of AtGF14µ, the most homologous 14-3-3 gene of GsGF14o, led to enhanced drought tolerance at both the seed germination and seedling stage. Unexpectedly, GsGF14o transgenic lines showed reduced water loss and transpiration rates compared with wild-type plants, which was demonstrated to be the consequence of the decreased stomatal size. At the same time, the smaller stomata due to GsGF14o overexpression led to a relatively slow net photosynthesis rate, which led to a growth penalty under drought stress. We further demonstrated that GsGF14o overexpression caused deficits in root hair formation and development, and thereby reduced the water intake capacity of the transgenic root system. In addition, GsGF14o overexpression down-regulated the transcript levels of drought-responsive marker genes. Finally, we also investigated the tissue-specific accumulation of GsGF14o by using a GUS activity assay. Collectively, the results presented here confirm that GsGF14o plays a dual role in drought stress responses through its involvement in the regulation of stomatal size and root hair development.

['14-3-3 Proteins', 'Adaptation, Physiological', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Arabidopsis', 'Droughts', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Genes, Plant', 'Germination', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Photosynthesis', 'Plant Roots', 'Plant Stomata', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Seeds', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein', 'Soybean Proteins', 'Soybeans', 'Stress, Physiological']

[['D12.644.360.024.050', 'D12.776.157.057.002', 'D12.776.476.024.050'], ['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['G16.500.175.781', 'G16.500.750.775.154', 'N06.230.100.230.150'], ['G05.308.375'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G07.345.625.249', 'G15.357'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['A18.400'], ['A18.024.750.650', 'A18.024.812.650'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['E05.393.760.705'], ['D12.776.765.741', 'G07.203.300.428.920.750', 'G07.203.300.850.450.500.750', 'J02.500.428.920.750', 'J02.500.850.800.500.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750'], ['G07.775']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Scirrhous colonic metastasis from ductal carcinoma of the breast: report of a case.

Metastasis of breast cancer to the colon is rare. We report a case of a 49-year-old female who presented with a stenotic tumor of the descending colon five years after treatment of breast cancer with mastectomy and pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. Laparotomy showed a diffusely infiltrated tumor over the descending colon. Anterior resection with loop ileostomy was performed, and the pathology showed that the colonic wall and the mesentery were diffusely infiltrated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which stained strongly for cytokeratin 7. The histologic diagnosis is consistent with colonic metastasis from ductal carcinoma of breast origin. In a patient with a history of breast cancer, colonic metastasis from the breast primary cancer should be considered, especially if the colonic lesion is scirrhous in nature. The incision for laparotomy and the probable stoma site should be planned carefully in females after breast reconstructive surgery.

['Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged']

[['C04.557.470.200.025.095'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232', 'C04.557.470.615.132'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Postprandial increase of cardiac output in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The influence on the hemodynamics of oral and intravenous nourishment containing the same amount of calories in comparison to isotonic solution of sodium chloride was studied in 14 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Forty minutes after administration of nourishment, a 34% increase in cardiac index, rising from 2.61 +/- 0.43 to 3.49 +/- 0.68 l/min/m2 was measured in the oral group, P less than 0.001. The increase was 22% (from 2.75 +/- 0.54 to 3.36 +/- 0.83 l/min/m2) in the intravenous group, P less than 0.025. Stroke index rose by 26% (from 33.4 +/- 7.8 to 42.1 +/- 10.6 ml/m2) in the oral group, P less than 0.025; and by 13% (from 32.7 +/- 8.3 to 37.0 +/- 9.7 ml/m2) in the intravenous group, P less than 0.05. No increases were seen in heart rate, mean blood pressure and pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure. The systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly in both groups. Thus, changes that mimic those seen during treatment with positive inotropic or vasodilating drugs were found. These effects have to be taken into account when assessing hemodynamic changes following cardiovascular medication.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cardiac Output', 'Eating', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Lactates', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Oxygen Consumption']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['G03.680']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Revealing the Usefulness of Aroma Networks to Explain Wine Aroma Properties: A Case Study of Portuguese Wines.

Wine aroma is the result of complex interactions between volatile compounds and non-volatile ones and individual perception phenomenon. In this work, an aroma network approach, that links volatile composition (chromatographic data) with its corresponding aroma descriptors was used to explain the wine aroma properties. This concept was applied to six monovarietal wines from Bairrada Appellation (Portugal) and used as a case study. A comprehensive determination of the wines' volatile composition was done (71 variables, i.e., volatile components), establishing a workflow that combines extraction techniques and gas chromatographic analysis. Then, a bipartite network-based approach consisting of two different nodes was built, one with 19 aroma descriptors, and the other with the corresponding volatile compound(s). To construct the aroma networks, the odor active values were calculated for each determined compound and combined with the bipartite network. Finally, the aroma network of each wine was compared with sensory descriptive analysis. The analysis of the specific aroma network of each wine revealed that Sauvignon Blanc and Arinto white wines present higher fruity (esters) and sweet notes (esters and C13 norisoprenoids) than Bical wine. Sauvignon Blanc also exhibits higher toasted aromas (thiols) while Arinto and Bical wines exhibit higher flowery (C13 norisoprenoids) and herbaceous notes (thiols), respectively. For red wines, sweet fruit aromas are the most abundant, especially for Touriga Nacional. Castel?o and Touriga Nacional wines also present toasted aromas (thiols). Baga and Castel?o wines also exhibit fusel/alcohol notes (alcohols). The proposed approach establishes a chemical aroma fingerprint (aroma ID) for each type of wine, which may be further used to estimate wine aroma characteristics by projection of the volatile composition on the aroma network.

['Chromatography, Gas', 'Fruit', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Norisoprenoids', 'Odorants', 'Portugal', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Vitis', 'Volatile Organic Compounds', 'Wine']

[['E05.196.181.349'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.309', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.375', 'D02.455.849.131.309'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['Z01.542.727'], ['D02.886.489'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.965.500'], ['D02.974'], ['G07.203.100.100.900', 'G07.203.200.887', 'J02.200.100.900', 'J02.350.887']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Change in the body temperature of healthy term infant over the first 72 hours of life.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the range of body temperature in a group of healthy Chinese term neonates over the first 72 hours of life and to assess the influence of body weight, gestational age and route of delivery.METHOD: All 200 consecutive cases of neonates delivered at our hospital from March to August 2001 were included in this retrospective study. Temperatures were measured immediately after delivery, after 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 8 hours and 15 hours and on the 2nd and 3rd day. Axillary temperatures ranging from 36.5 degrees C to 37 degrees C were regarded as normal. No cases of maternal fever or systemic infection of the newborns were discovered. All infants were discharged in good general condition.RESULTS: The mean rectal temperature at birth was 37.19 degrees C. The lowest average temperature was reached at 1 hour after delivery (36.54 degrees C) with a significant difference between natural delivery (36.48 degrees C) and section (36.59 degrees C) (P<0.05). Temperature subsequently rose to 36.70 degrees C at 8 hours and 36.78 degrees C at 15 hours (P<0.05). Hypothermia was seen in 51.8% and hypothermia in 42.5% of the patients. On the 3rd day after delivery, 96% of all temperatures were in the normal range. A significant relation was found between hypothermia and both low birth weight (P<0.001) and low gestational age (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The reference range presently used did not include all physiological temperatures in the first 72 hours of life. Considering other factors, such as birth weight, route of delivery, gestational age and body temperature on the 2nd and 3rd day of life, may help to correctly assess the significance of temperatures beyond the reference range.

['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Age Factors', 'Birth Weight', 'Body Temperature', 'China', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies']

[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.119.565'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Patient education using virtual reality increases knowledge and positive experience for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.

PURPOSE: Improved access to technology in the radiation therapy (RT) workforce education has resulted in opportunities for innovative patient education methods. This study investigated the impact of a newly developed education tool using the Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) system on patients' RT knowledge and anxiety.METHOD: Breast cancer patients were recruited into a control group (CG) (n = 18) who underwent the standard pre-RT education package at a targeted cancer therapy centre, followed by a VERT group (VG) (n = 19). VG patients attended a VERT-based education session detailing RT immobilisation, planning and treatment. All patients completed questionnaires at four time points throughout their treatment, with survey sub-sections on RT knowledge, experience and anxiety.RESULTS: For both groups, anxiety levels were highest at time point 1(T1 after initial radiation oncologist consultation) (CG, 41.2; VG, 43.1), with a gradual decrease observed thereafter at time points before simulation, at the beginning of treatment and at the end of treatment (p > 0.05). The VG's RT knowledge scores were statistically significantly higher than those of the CG scores at all time points following VERT education (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: This study reports the high value of VERT breast cancer-targeted education programs in improving RT knowledge and perhaps decreasing patient anxiety. Continued efforts are required to improve patients' accessibility to VERT in Australia, and to better understand the effect of VERT's unique educational features on patients' emotional and physical needs throughout their RT.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knowledge', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Patient Reported Outcome Measures', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Virtual Reality']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.468'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E05.318.308.980.344.500', 'N03.349.380.210.750', 'N04.761.559.590.399.875', 'N05.425.210.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344.500', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399.875', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['L01.224.160.875', 'L01.296.555']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']

Substrate and inhibitor specificity of kynurenine monooxygenase from Cytophaga hutchinsonii.

Kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) is a potential drug target for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases. We have evaluated substituted kynurenines as substrates or inhibitors of KMO from Cytophaga hutchinsonii. Kynurenines substituted with a halogen at the 5-position are excellent substrates, with values of kcat and kcat/Km comparable to or higher than kynurenine. However, kynurenines substituted in the 3-position are competitive inhibitors, with KI values lower than the Km for kynurenine. Bromination also enhances inhibition, and 3,5-dibromokynurenine is a potent competitive inhibitor with a KI value of 1.5ìM. A pharmacophore model of KMO was developed, and predicted that 3,4-dichlorohippuric acid would be an inhibitor. The KI for this compound was found to be 34ìM, thus validating the pharmacophore model. We are using these results and our model to design more potent inhibitors of KMO.

['Cytophaga', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Halogenation', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Kynurenine', 'Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase', 'Models, Molecular', 'Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'Substrate Specificity']

[['B03.440.080.130.150', 'B03.440.400.425.300.150'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G02.111.323', 'G03.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.125.608'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.557'], ['E05.599.595'], ['C10.574'], ['G02.111.835']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']

Highly fluorescent reticulocytes after CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation.

Highly fluorescent reticulocyte (HFR) counts were evaluated in 13 consecutive patients affected by hematological malignancies and submitted to autologous selected CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation. Results were compared with a historical group of patients comparable for age, disease and conditioning regimen submitted to unfractionated PBPC transplantation. HFR counts of the CD34+ group declined to an undetectable level from day +4 to day +10 when they became detectable and reached 5% of total reticulocyte count by day +12. In the historical group, the nadir was identical but the recovery was faster (day +9). Total reticulocyte count > 1% was achieved at days +17 and +11, respectively. The absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery was identical in both groups, achieving a value > 0.5 x 10(9)/l at day +13 after reinfusion. Hence, in the historical group, HFR count gave advance notice of complete and stable hemopoietic engraftment while in the CD34+ group HFR and ANC count showed almost simultaneous recovery.

['Adult', 'Antigens, CD34', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Graft Survival', 'Hematopoiesis', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Reticulocyte Count', 'Reticulocytes', 'Transplantation, Autologous']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.134', 'D23.101.100.110.134'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['G04.152.825', 'G09.188.343'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.330.725', 'E01.370.225.625.107.330.725', 'E05.200.500.195.107.330.725', 'E05.200.625.107.330.725', 'E05.242.195.107.330.725', 'G04.140.107.330.725', 'G09.188.105.330.725'], ['A11.118.290.760', 'A11.148.790', 'A11.443.240.665', 'A15.145.229.334.760', 'A15.378.316.790'], ['E04.936.664']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

[Gamma knife radiosurgery in neurosurgery].

The gamma knife is a stereotactic radiosurgery device which allows well defined, deep seated brain tumors, or arteriovenous malformations having a diameter of less than 3 cm, to be treated in a single session under local anesthesia. This technique, which was first described over 40 years ago, has undergone major development in recent years and is the most commonly used method for radiosurgery worldwide. The principle relies on the over-lapping of narrow collimated beams from 201 cobalt-60 sources. The technique, which was introduced into Switzerland in September 1994, has rapidly gained recognition. 184 patients have been treated by 30 April 1997. An average follow-up period of 15 months is much too short for analysis of patients treated by radiosurgery. However, our series of benign tumors shows stabilization of volume in the first few months followed by a slow reduction of the tumor volume, in all but two cases. The gamma knife represents the treatment of choice for recurrent and unsuccessfully operated patients with endocrine active pituitary adenomas. With brain metastases, a rapid reduction in tumor volume is seen in the first few weeks in the majority of cases. The tumor volume may then remain stable or reduce further until complete disappearance. In the case of arteriovenous malformations complete obliteration of the nidus is not seen, on average, for 2-3 years. Individual patient follow-up studies illustrate these results. To date our results have shown zero morbidity and mortality. International statistics from 58,766 cases (as of December 1996) from 77 gamma knife centers demonstrate the value of this technique as a complement or, depending on the indication, an alternative to classical microsurgery.

['Anesthesia, Local', 'Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Neurosurgery', 'Radiosurgery']

[['E03.155.086.231'], ['C14.240.850.750', 'C14.907.150', 'C16.131.240.850.750'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.810.425'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Efficient gene targeting by homology-directed repair in rat zygotes using TALE nucleases.

The generation of genetically modified animals is important for both research and commercial purposes. The rat is an important model organism that until recently lacked efficient genetic engineering tools. Sequence-specific nucleases, such as ZFNs, TALE nucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9 have allowed the creation of rat knockout models. Genetic engineering by homology-directed repair (HDR) is utilized to create animals expressing transgenes in a controlled way and to introduce precise genetic modifications. We applied TALE nucleases and donor DNA microinjection into zygotes to generate HDR-modified rats with large new sequences introduced into three different loci with high efficiency (0.62%-5.13% of microinjected zygotes). Two of these loci (Rosa26 and Hprt1) are known to allow robust and reproducible transgene expression and were targeted for integration of a GFP expression cassette driven by the CAG promoter. GFP-expressing embryos and four Rosa26 GFP rat lines analyzed showed strong and widespread GFP expression in most cells of all analyzed tissues. The third targeted locus was Ighm, where we performed successful exon exchange of rat exon 2 for the human one. At all three loci we observed HDR only when using linear and not circular donor DNA. Mild hypothermic (30°C) culture of zygotes after microinjection increased HDR efficiency for some loci. Our study demonstrates that TALE nuclease and donor DNA microinjection into rat zygotes results in efficient and reproducible targeted donor integration by HDR. This allowed creation of genetically modified rats in a work-, cost-, and time-effective manner.

['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'Female', 'Gene Targeting', 'Genetic Engineering', 'Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase', 'Male', 'Microinjections', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rats, Transgenic', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Recombinational DNA Repair', 'Zygote']

[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['E05.393.335'], ['E05.393.420'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.450'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['B01.050.050.136.700', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.825'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.222.700', 'G05.219.700', 'G05.728.615.612'], ['A05.360.490.690.970', 'A11.497.497.950', 'A16.950']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Flow cytometric sorting of paraffin-embedded tumor tissues considerably improves molecular genetic analysis.

The characterization of genetic aberrations in paraffin-embedded tumor material is impaired by contaminating normal cells. In the present study on the genetic causes of loss of HLA expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we compared the efficacy of microdissection with flow cytometric sorting of tumor cells. Single-cell suspensions from paraffin-embedded material of 5 DLBCL cases were stained for CD79a and DNA content (propidium iodide). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using HLA class II and chromosome 6 centromeric probes and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis with 5 HLA-specific microsatellite markers were performed on microdissected and flow cytometry-sorted fractions. FISH confirmed considerable enrichment of the samples after flow cytometric sorting and disclosed tumor heterogeneity in 4 cases. Moreover, lymphomas with a so-called zebra LOH pattern in the microdissected material showed unambiguous LOH after flow cytometric sorting, revealing in 1 case a biologically relevant hemizygous deletion in the HLA region.

['Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6', 'Dissection', 'Flow Cytometry', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Loss of Heterozygosity', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Paraffin Embedding']

[['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.330', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.330'], ['E01.370.225.998.221', 'E04.221', 'E05.200.998.221'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['G05.365.590.029.530'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.440.610', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.440.610', 'E05.200.500.620.760.440.610', 'E05.200.750.600.760.440.610']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Microbiological investigation of retrodiscal tissues from patients with advanced internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bacteria in samples of retrodiscal tissues taken from patients suffering from advanced internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). 12 fresh retrodiscal tissue samples were taken from 12 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral TMJ discectomy for advanced TMJ internal derangement (Wilkes stage IV). The retrodiscal tissue samples were stained and cultured for the presence of micro-organisms in microbiology laboratories. No evidence of bacteria or other micro-organisms was found in any of the tissue specimens procured from the TMJ. This study failed to identify the presence of bacteria or other micro-organisms in fresh retrodiscal tissue specimens of the TMJ in patients with advanced TMJ internal derangement.

['Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthroplasty', 'Bacteria', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Coloring Agents', 'Debridement', 'Dissection', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Male', 'Mandibular Condyle', 'Middle Aged', 'Temporal Bone', 'Temporomandibular Joint Disc', 'Temporomandibular Joint Disorders', 'Young Adult']

[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.555.110', 'E04.680.101'], ['B03'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['D27.720.233'], ['E04.176'], ['E01.370.225.998.221', 'E04.221', 'E05.200.998.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600', 'A14.521.632.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.835.232.781.885'], ['A02.835.583.861.900', 'A14.907.900'], ['C05.500.607.221.897', 'C05.550.905', 'C05.651.243.897', 'C07.320.610.291.897', 'C07.678'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']

A second-generation genetic linkage map for bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) based on microsatellite markers.

Bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) is an important aquaculture fish worldwide. Genetic linkage maps for the species were previously reported, but map resolution remained to be improved. In this study, a second-generation genetic linkage map was constructed for bighead carp through a pseudo-testcross strategy using interspecific hybrids between bighead carp and silver carp. Of the 754 microsatellites genotyped in two interspecific mapping families (with 77 progenies for each family), 659 markers were assigned to 24 linkage groups, which were equal to the chromosome numbers of the haploid genome. The consensus map spanned 1917.3 cM covering 92.8% of the estimated bighead carp genome with an average marker interval of 2.9 cM. The length of linkage groups ranged from 52.2 to 133.5 cM with an average of 79.9 cM. The number of markers per linkage group varied from 11 to 55 with an average of 27.5 per linkage group. Normality tests on interval distances of the map showed a non-normal marker distribution; however, significant correlation was found between the length of linkage group and the number of markers below the 0.01 significance level (two-tailed). The length of the female map was 1.12 times that of the male map, and the average recombination ratio of female to male was 1.10:1. Visual inspection showed that distorted markers gathered in some linkage groups and in certain regions of the male and female maps. This well-defined genetic linkage map will provide a basic framework for further genome mapping of quantitative traits, comparative mapping and marker-assisted breeding in bighead carp.

['Animals', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Cyprinidae', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genotype', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Repeats']

[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.281'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244'], ['G05.348'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.380'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Three-Dimensional Needle Shape Estimation in TRUS-Guided Prostate Brachytherapy Using 2-D Ultrasound Images.

In this paper, we propose an automated method to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3-D) needle shape during needle insertion procedures using only 2-D transverse ultrasound (US) images. Using a set of transverse US images, image processing and random sample consensus are used to locate the needle within each image and estimate the needle shape. The method is validated with an in vitro needle insertion setup and a transparent tissue phantom, where two orthogonal cameras are used to capture the true 3-D needle shape for verification. Results showed that the use of at least three images obtained at 75% of the maximum insertion depth or greater allows for maximum needle shape estimation errors of less than 2 mm. In addition, the needle shape can be calculated consistently as long as the needle can be identified in 30% of the transverse US images obtained. Application to permanent prostate brachytherapy is also presented, where the estimated needle shape is compared to manual segmentation and sagittal US images. Our method is intended to help to assess needle placement during manual or robot-assisted needle insertion procedures after the needle has been inserted.

['Brachytherapy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Needles', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']

[['E02.815.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.612'], ['E07.671'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

BX795, a TBK1 inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity in human oral squamous cell carcinoma through apoptosis induction and mitotic phase arrest.

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a member of IêB Kinase (IKK)-related kinases, plays a role in regulating innate immunity, inflammation and oncogenic signaling. This study aims to investigate the role of BX795, an inhibitor of TBK1, in a panel of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. The antitumor effects and mechanisms of BX795 were assessed by MTT assays, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy. BX795 exhibited a dose-responsive antiproliferative effect on OSCC cells with relative sparing of normal human oral keratinocytes. The compound caused apoptosis as evidenced by PARP cleavage, the presence of pyknotic nuclei in the TUNEL assay, and fragmented DNA tails in the Comet assay. BX795 inhibits Akt and NF-êB signaling, arrests cells in the mitotic phase, and increases generation of autophagy in oral cancer cells. Interestingly, the antiproliferative activity of BX795 does not correlate with TBK1 protein expression level in OSCC cells. We propose that the TBK1-independet effect is related to mitotic phase arrest. Pleiotropic anticancer activity with relative sparing of normal oral keratinocytes underscores the potential value of BX795 and warrants its further study in oral squamous cell carcinoma therapy.

['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Autophagy', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Humans', 'I-kappa B Kinase', 'Mitosis', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Pyrimidines', 'Signal Transduction', 'Thiophenes']

[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.011'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['G04.144.109'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.494', 'D12.644.360.361', 'D12.776.476.378'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['D12.776.744'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D03.383.742'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

The antigen-binding capacity of serum IgG. An immunosorbent method applied to subtilisin as antigen.

A method for estimating the antigen-binding capacity of serum IgG is presented. A Sepharose anti-human IgG immunosorbent is incubated with test serum and washed. The antigen-binding capacity of the bound specific IgG is determined by incubation with purified, inactivated 125I-subtilisin. The method was applied tp the sera of workers in the detergent industry exposed to enzymatic preparations from Bacillus subtilis. The sera of 33 out of 69 workers bound a detectable amount of subtilisin, the detection limit ranging from 8--34 ng/ml in different assays. The amount of antigen bound ranged from 42--9380 ng/ml. IgG to subtilisin was not detected in the sera of 61 subjects with no known exposure to subtilisin and who were not factory workers.

['Absorption', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Occupational Medicine', 'Subtilisins', 'Time Factors']

[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['G12.100'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['H02.403.720.750.510'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.787', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.787'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Comparison of the effects of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 on the rat stomach.

The effects of systemic administration of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 on the susceptibility of the stomach to injury were compared in the anesthetized rat, as were their effects on gastric vascular tone, systemic blood pressure and hematocrit. When infused at concentrations in the 10(-7)-10(-6) M range, endothelin-1 was a far more potent hypertensive agent than endothelin-3. Endothelin-1 caused significant hemoconcentration, while endothelin-3 did not Endothelin-1 was approximately 5- to 10-times more potent as a vasoconstrictor in the stomach and a similar difference in potencies was observed when the ability of these peptides to increase the susceptibility of the stomach to ethanol-induced damage was compared. The two peptides were equipotent in producing gastric mucosal hemorrhage in the absence of any exogenous irritant. These results demonstrate that like endothelin-1, endothelin-3 has ulcerogenic and vasoconstriction actions in the stomach. While there are very large differences in the potencies of the two peptides in terms of producing systemic hypertension and hemoconcentration, the differences in the potency of the gastric ulcerogenic and vasoconstrictor effects are much less marked.

['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Endothelins', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Ethanol', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Hematocrit', 'Male', 'Peptides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Stomach', 'Stomach Ulcer', 'Vasoconstriction']

[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D12.644.276.400', 'D12.776.467.400', 'D23.529.400'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D02.033.375'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['D12.644'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849'], ['G09.330.380.925']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Experiments with a biological material for the closure of incisional hernias.

A new preparation process was studied which should allow the implantation of collagen type I in its native structure in reconstructive surgery, in this special case for closure of incisional hernias. As experimental animals we used 30 female Lewis rats. A defect of the anterior abdominal wall measuring 3 cm X 4 cm was closed with our collagen substitute. Biopsies taken after 4, 6 and 8 weeks were examined morphologically. As criteria for revitalization and revascularization we used the type of infiltrating cells, the depth and density of infiltration and the formation of new blood vessels. After 4 weeks the implants were infiltrated by fibroblasts that decreased in density towards the centre. Good revascularization could be seen on the muscle-implant interface. After 6 weeks the density of infiltrating cells had increased markedly even to the centre of the collagen implant. Sporadically small vessels could be seen. Eight weeks after implantation the density of infiltrated cells was at the same high level, and capillary bundles could be seen within the whole implant. We believe that this collagen implant is suitable for the closure of hernias as shown by its physical and morphological properties. In particular it appears to guarantee and earlier and tighter closure of hernias than other materials.

['Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Collagen', 'Female', 'Hernia, Ventral', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']

[['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['C23.300.707.374.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']

Intracranial hyperthermia through local photothermal heating with a fiberoptic microneedle device.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The fiberoptic microneedle device (FMD) seeks to leverage advantages of both laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) and convection-enhanced delivery (CED) to increase volumetric dispersal of locally infused chemotherapeutics through sub-lethal photothermal heat generation. This study focused on determination of photothermal damage thresholds with 1,064 nm light delivered through the FMD into in vivo rat models.MATERIALS AND METHODS: FMDs capable of co-delivering laser energy and fluid agents were fabricated through a novel off-center splicing technique involving fusion of a multimode fiberoptic to light-guiding capillary tubing. FMDs were positioned at a depth of 2.5 mm within the cerebrum of male rats with fluoroptic temperature probes placed within 1 mm of the FMD tip. Irradiation (without fluid infusion) was conducted at laser powers of 0 (sham), 100, 200, 500, or 750 mW. Evans blue-serum albumin conjugated complex solution (EBA) and laser energy co-delivery were performed in a second set of preliminary experiments.RESULTS: Maximum, steady-state temperatures of 38.7 ± 1.6 and 42.0 ± 0.9 °C were measured for the 100 and 200 mW experimental groups, respectively. Histological investigation demonstrated needle insertion damage alone for sham and 100 mW irradiations. Photothermal damage was detected at 200 mW, although observable thermal damage was limited to a small penumbra of cerebral cortical microcavitation and necrosis that immediately surrounded the region of FMD insertion. Co-delivery of EBA and laser energy presented increased volumetric dispersal relative to infusion-only controls.CONCLUSION: Fluoroptic temperature sensing and histopathological assessments demonstrated that a laser power of 100 mW results in sub-lethal brain hyperthermia, and the optimum, sub-lethal target energy range is likely 100-200 mW. The preliminary FMD-CED experiments confirmed the feasibility of augmenting fluid dispersal using slight photothermal heat generation, demonstrating the FMD's potential as a way to increase the efficacy of CED in treating MG.

['Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Cerebrum', 'Evans Blue', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Lasers', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Needles', 'Optical Fibers', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Serum Albumin']

[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287'], ['D02.172.560', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.555.400', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.650.300', 'D04.615.638.555.400'], ['E02.565'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E07.612'], ['E07.632.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']

Suction fixation system for stereotactic radiosurgery of intraocular malignancies.

We designed a suction fixation system for the radiosurgical treatment of intraocular malignancies with the Leksell gamma unit (gamma knife). OUr device consists of a circular suction chamber and an adjustable unit to be fixed to the Leksell stereotactic head frame. All components are made of plastic materials in order to avoid artifacts in CT or MRT imaging. A permanent suction of 600 to 800 millibars is provided by a standard vacuum pump, powered by a portable battery. Suction times up to 40 minutes were well tolerated in all cases. In the gamma knife of the Neurosurgical Department at the University of Vienna, we successfully used this device. Up to January 1994 we have performed 19 radiosurgical treatments in 9 patients with large or extra-large uveal melanomas and in one patient suffering from a choroidal metastasis.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Choroid Neoplasms', 'Ciliary Body', 'Equipment Design', 'Eye Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Neoplasms, Unknown Primary', 'Radiosurgery', 'Suction', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Uveal Neoplasms']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.364.978.223', 'C11.319.494.198', 'C11.941.160.238', 'C11.941.855.198'], ['A09.371.060.160', 'A09.371.894.280'], ['E05.320'], ['C04.588.364', 'C11.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['C04.697.650.895', 'C23.550.727.650.895'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['E04.237.890'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C04.588.364.978', 'C11.319.494', 'C11.941.855']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Spontaneous True Gastroduodenal Artery Aneurysm Rupture after an Inguinal Hernia Operation.

Gastroduodenal artery aneurysms are a very rare subtype of visceral artery aneurysms. These are divided into two groups as true and pseudoaneurysms. Pseudogastroduodenal artery aneurysms, which develops secondary to pancreatitis, is seen more frequently, whereas the true aneurysms are much less common. Spontaneous rupture may be fatal. Sudden onset of abdominal pain and hypotension are the most important clinical findings. Endovascular interventions are the gold standard for diagnosis. Regardless of their sizes, GDA aneurysms should be treated as soon as possible. In patients diagnosed with gastroduodenal artery aneurysm rupture, endovascular embolization is recommended if the hemodynamics is stable and surgical treatment, if not. Aneurysm ruptures, especially from the GDA divisions, are deeply localized in the pancreas parenchyma and are difficult to detect during the operation. In such cases, the earliest postoperative diagnosis with endovascular intervention and applying embolization are life-saving. The purpose of this study to present a true rupture of gastroduodenal artery aneurysm case causing hemorrhagic shock after the inguinal hernia operation and diagnosed by endovascular intervention after emergency surgical exploration.

['Abdominal Pain', 'Aneurysm', 'Aneurysm, Ruptured', 'Arteries', 'Duodenum', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Hernia, Inguinal', 'Humans', 'Hypotension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rupture, Spontaneous', 'Stomach', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['C23.888.592.612.054', 'C23.888.821.030'], ['C14.907.055'], ['C14.907.055.185'], ['A07.015.114'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['C23.300.707.374.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.514'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.300.909'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']

Circadian control of innate immunity in macrophages by miR-155 targeting Bmal1.

The response to an innate immune challenge is conditioned by the time of day, but the molecular basis for this remains unclear. In myeloid cells, there is a temporal regulation to induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the proinflammatory microRNA miR-155 that correlates inversely with levels of BMAL1. BMAL1 in the myeloid lineage inhibits activation of NF-êB and miR-155 induction and protects mice from LPS-induced sepsis. Bmal1 has two miR-155-binding sites in its 3'-UTR, and, in response to LPS, miR-155 binds to these two target sites, leading to suppression of Bmal1 mRNA and protein in mice and humans. miR-155 deletion perturbs circadian function, gives rise to a shorter circadian day, and ablates the circadian effect on cytokine responses to LPS. Thus, the molecular clock controls miR-155 induction that can repress BMAL1 directly. This leads to an innate immune response that is variably responsive to challenges across the circadian day.

["3' Untranslated Regions", 'ARNTL Transcription Factors', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Cytokines', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'MicroRNAs', 'NF-kappa B']

[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['D12.644.360.138.049', 'D12.776.260.103.249', 'D12.776.476.156.100', 'D12.776.930.125.249'], ['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G12.450.564'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Neonatal chylothorax: aetiology, clinical course and efficacy of treatment].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the aetiology, clinical course and response to treatment of neonatal chylothorax.PATIENTS AND METHOD: Prospective study over a 2-year period in a neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary university hospital. All newborns followed a predefined therapeutic protocol that included the sequential administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), octreotide and surgery. The influence of aetiology on outcome and response to treatment was investigated.RESULTS: The study included 22 newborns. Surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) (n = 14) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (n = 4) were the most common aetiologies. The incidence of chylothorax in these aetiological groups was 11.2 % (95 % CI 5.7-16.8 %) and 26.6 % (95 % CI 4.3-40 %), respectively. Medical treatment was successful in 17 patients. Five of the 10 patients who did not respond to TPN were successfully treated with octreotide; none of the patients in whom octreotide failed responded to the subsequent 3 weeks of TPN. No side-effects were observed during octreotide administration. No significant association between aetiology and response to treatment was found, although all 4 patients who ultimately required surgery were in the CHD group. All patients had complications attributable to chylothorax. Five patients died during the 6 months of follow-up although mortality was never directly attributed to chylothorax.CONCLUSIONS: Most patients can be successfully managed with medical treatment but early surgery should be considered in patients who do not respond to medical treatment. Aetiology is the main determinant of mortality. Randomized controlled studies are needed to demonstrate the efficacy and adequate timing of application of each therapeutic intervention.

['Algorithms', 'Chylothorax', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Gastrointestinal Agents', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Octreotide', 'Prospective Studies', 'Suction']

[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C08.528.142'], ['E02.186'], ['D27.505.954.483'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D04.345.566.650', 'D12.644.641.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E04.237.890']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']

[Determination of 8-methoxypsoralen in mouse plasma by high performance liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetic study].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in mouse plasma and apply it to a pharmacokinetic study of 8-MOP.METHODS: 8-MOP was separated on a Waters Symmetry18 column (250 mm ? 4.6 mm, 5 ìm) and determined by HPLC using isocratic elution, and 5-methoxypsoralen was used as internal standard. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (55:45, V/V) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The excitation and emission wavelength of fluorescence detector were set at 334 nm and 484 nm respectively, and the internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis. In the study, 60 healthy ICR male mice were randomly divided into twelve groups. The mice in control group were administered intragastrically with 1% Tween 80, and the mice in the other eleven groups were administered intragastrically with 8-MOP (40 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations of 8-MOP in the mice at different time points after treatment were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 software.RESULTS: The calibration curve of 8-MOP was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 3 over the concentration range of 0.05 to 10 mg/L, and the limit of detection was 0.015 mg/L. The average recoveries of 8? MOP at three different concentrations (0.10, 0.50, 2.5 mg/L) were from 92.5% to 100.6%. The intra-day precision of 8-MOP was from 3.3% to 8.2%, while the inter-day precision was from 3.4% to 6.7% at three spiked concentration levels. The extraction recoveries of 8-MOP were from 90.9% to 92.0%, and the plasma samples could be stored at -80°C for 15 days at least at three spiked concentration levels. 8-MOP could be detected in mouse plasma 5 min after intragastrical administration to the mice (1.4 mg/L). The concentration of 8-MOP in the mouse plasma reached a maximum 2 h after administration, and 8-MOP could still be detected 24 h after administration (1.1 mg/L). t1/2 was (39.21±3.65) h, Cmax was (2.31±0.02) mg/L, tmax was (2.00±0.00) h, and AUC0-t was (33.34±1.19) (h?mg)/L.CONCLUSION: The proposed method is accurate and simple,suitable for pharmacokinetics of 8-MOP in mice.

['Animals', 'Calibration', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Male', 'Methoxsalen', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Plasma', 'Random Allocation']

[['B01.050'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.794.500', 'D03.633.100.150.446.794.500', 'D03.633.300.770.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['A12.207.152.693', 'A12.207.270.695', 'A15.145.693'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']

Enhancement of LPS-induced microglial inflammation response via TLR4 under high glucose conditions.

BACKGROUND: Microglia activation mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in neuroinflammation and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been recently suggested as an independent risk factor for POCD. In this study, we investigate the potential exacerbation of the inflammatory response in primary microglia due to high glucose conditions.METHODS: Primary microglial cells were exposed to normal glucose (25 mmol/L) and high glucose (35 mmol/L) levels alone or with lipopolyscaccharide (LPS 0, 2, 5, 10 ng/mL). The pro-inflammatory response of the cells was assessed by measuring changes in cytokine levels and the evaluation of associated signaling pathways.RESULTS: Neither high glucose nor low LPS (?5 ng/ml) alone had an effect on TNF-a and IL-6 levels, but the combination of low LPS and high glucose stimulated the inflammatory response. Analyses of the associated signaling pathways demonstrated that high glucose enhanced the LPS-induced microglial activation via the TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that high glucose, one of the key abnormalities characteristic of DM, can augment LPS-induced microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine levels through the TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, offering new insight into the pathophysiological relationship between DM and POCD.

['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Glucose', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-6', 'Janus Kinase 2', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Microglia', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']

[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.200', 'D12.776.476.393.200', 'D12.776.624.664.700.117'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Immunology in diabetic pregnancy: activated T cells in diabetic mothers and neonates.

Lymphocytes bearing surface antigens indicating early and full activation have been evaluated, in addition to T cell subsets, in blood samples from diabetic pregnant patients, neonates from diabetic mothers and control groups. The type of diabetes and the trimester of pregnancy were taken into account. Monoclonal antibodies were used to enumerate total T cells, helper/inducer, cytotoxic/suppressor Tlymphocytes and activated mononuclear cells using antibodies binding lymphocyte surface antigens as markers of early lymphocyte activation, and MHC Class II surface antigens as markers of late activation. A decrease in T-helper cells during the third trimester of pregnancy in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and gestational diabetic patients (p less than 0.02) and a decrease in T-suppressor cells in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic pregnant patients during the third trimester (p less than 0.01) were observed in relation to normal values. As in normal pregnancy, 4F2-positive cells were increased in 48% of diabetic pregnant patients during the second and third trimesters of gestation. Class II-positive cells were increased in almost 60% of Type 1 and gestational diabetic patients during the last trimester of pregnancy in comparison with normal pregnant women and control subjects. A decrease in T-helper cells (p less than 0.02) and a clear increase in 4F2-positive cells (p less than 0.001) and Class II-positive lymphocytes (p less than 0.005) were observed in the infants of diabetic mothers in comparison with control subjects. The maternal cellular immune system, actively altered in pregnancy, is fully activated in a number of Type 1 and gestational diabetic pregnant patients. Activated lymphocytes are even found in the neonates of diabetic mothers, but these do not trigger the events leading to the onset of diabetes in the short term.

['Adult', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'T-Lymphocytes']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.726'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Mitochondrial oxidative stress causes chromosomal instability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Reactive oxygen species are an inevitable by-product of mitochondrial respiration. It has been estimated that between 0.4 and 4% of molecular oxygen is converted to the radical superoxide (O2*-) and this level is significantly influenced by the functional status of the mitochondria. It is well established that exogenous oxidative stress and high doses of mitochondrial poisons such as paraquat and carbonyl cyanide 4 (trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) can lead to genomic instability. In this report we show for the first time that endogenous mitochondrial oxidative stress in standard cell culture conditions results in nuclear genomic instability in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We show that lack of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in MEFs leads to a severe increase of double strand breaks, end-to-end fusions, chromosomal translocations, and loss of cell viability and proliferative capacity. Our results predict that endogenous mitochondrial oxidative stress can induce genomic instability, and therefore may have a profound effect in cancer and aging.

['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspases', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromosomal Instability', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Mice', 'Mitochondria', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Oxygen', 'Pregnancy', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Translocation, Genetic']

[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A11.251'], ['C23.550.210.110', 'C23.550.362.180', 'G05.365.590.175.165', 'G05.370.180'], ['A16.254'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Accuracy and the effect of possible subject-based confounders of magnitude-based MRI for estimating hepatic proton density fat fraction in adults, using MR spectroscopy as reference.

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy and the effect of possible subject-based confounders of magnitude-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF) for different numbers of echoes in adults with known or suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, using MR spectroscopy (MRS) as a reference.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective analysis of 506 adults, hepatic PDFF was estimated by unenhanced 3.0T MRI, using right-lobe MRS as reference. Regions of interest placed on source images and on six-echo parametric PDFF maps were colocalized to MRS voxel location. Accuracy using different numbers of echoes was assessed by regression and Bland-Altman analysis; slope, intercept, average bias, and R2 were calculated. The effect of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on hepatic PDFF accuracy was investigated using multivariate linear regression analyses.RESULTS: MRI closely agreed with MRS for all tested methods. For three- to six-echo methods, slope, regression intercept, average bias, and R2 were 1.01-0.99, 0.11-0.62%, 0.24-0.56%, and 0.981-0.982, respectively. Slope was closest to unity for the five-echo method. The two-echo method was least accurate, underestimating PDFF by an average of 2.93%, compared to an average of 0.23-0.69% for the other methods. Statistically significant but clinically nonmeaningful effects on PDFF error were found for subject BMI (P range: 0.0016 to 0.0783), male sex (P range: 0.015 to 0.037), and no statistically significant effect was found for subject age (P range: 0.18-0.24).CONCLUSION: Hepatic magnitude-based MRI PDFF estimates using three, four, five, and six echoes, and six-echo parametric maps are accurate compared to reference MRS values, and that accuracy is not meaningfully confounded by age, sex, or BMI.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

[Determination of the overall migration of chemicals from the plastic packaging into the aqueous models of food using the EU methods].

Overall migration from food plastic packaging to aquatic food simulants (distilled water, 3% acetic acid) was determined according to the EU methods. Testing conditions (time and temperature) reflected normal use of tested food packaging. The overall migration studies using different food simulants (distilled water, 3% acetic acid) shows that the migration rate was very low, far below the allowed limit (10 mg/dm2). The high results of overall migration into 3% acetic acid (average 250.2 mg/dm2), markedly exceeding the allowed limit, was found in the case of multilayer film. It means that the multilayer film tested does not comply with the migration limit and it can not be used as a food packaging for the sour foodstuffs of pH below 4.5. Differences between the magnitude of overall migration into distilled water (0.5-1.1 mg/dm2) and 3% acetic acid are probably due to the presence of easy washable substances into the sour medium. From that reason the application of such food packaging materials must be limited.

['Acetic Acid', 'European Union', 'Food Additives', 'Food Contamination', 'Food Packaging', 'Food Preservation', 'Humans', 'Plastics', 'Poland', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Water']

[['D02.241.081.018.165', 'D10.251.400.045.500'], ['I01.615.500.475'], ['D27.720.372.300', 'G07.203.300.514.500', 'J02.500.514.500'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['J01.576.423.200.375', 'J01.576.423.850.600', 'J01.576.761.400'], ['J01.576.423.850.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.716', 'D25.720.716', 'J01.637.051.720.716'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Progressive resistive exercise in weaning high quadriplegics from the ventilator.

Acutely high level quadriplegics may experience neuromuscular respiratory insufficiency secondary to loss of use of intercostal and abdominal muscles as well as partial involvement of the phrenic nerve. Frequently, these patients will require mechanical ventilation in the initial stages of their treatment. These patients may present difficulty with weaning off the ventilator. In addition, poor respiratory reserve increases the risk of episodic decompensation. We have instituted a progressive resistive exercise protocol (PRE) analogous to PRE commonly used in training skeletal muscle, to wean patients off the ventilator. This involves determining the patient's endurance to the development of fatigue while off the ventilator. Patients are re-evaluated weekly until they are weaned from the ventilator. Three case studies are reported in which this protocol was used. In addition to our standard respiratory therapy and physical therapy protocols, values for vital capacity and maximum inspiratory force at admission and post-weaning were recorded. After completion of the programme, none of the patients required re-intubation or subsequent mechanical ventilation. This method of diaphragm training may be useful in weaning high level quadriplegics from the ventilator.

['Adult', 'Breathing Exercises', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quadriplegia', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Paralysis', 'Respiratory Therapy']

[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.190.525.186', 'E02.779.474.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.597.622.760', 'C23.888.592.636.786'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['C08.618.846.812', 'C10.597.622.812', 'C23.888.592.636.812'], ['E02.880']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Foot-and-mouth disease virus protease 3C inhibits cellular transcription and mediates cleavage of histone H3.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus protease 3C is essential for the processing of the viral precursor polyprotein. It is shown here to also inhibit gene expression in baby hamster kidney cells after transient expression from transfected cDNA fragments. Protease 3C could not be detected by indirect immunofluorescence in contrast to other cDNA-encoded virus proteins, but protein synthesized de novo 16 hr after transfection could be detected by radioimmunoprecipitation. The cellular translation apparatus was, therefore, not inhibited. The enzyme, although produced as part of a fusion protein, was in size indistinguishable from that found in virus-infected cells. This suggested that the enzyme was released by autocatalysis from the recombinant fusion protein and from viral precursor protein in a similar manner. Transcription of protease 3C-encoding cDNA fragments as well as that of cotransfected fragments, which do not encode protease 3C, was inhibited as determined by hybridization assays. The shut off of transcription which was one of the cytopathic effects observed in virus-infected cells therefore correlates with the production of transactive protease 3C. The inhibitory molecular mechanism may involve truncation of the nuclear protein histone H3 at its N-terminus since this protein was found similarly truncated in virus-infected cells and after transfer of 3C-encoding cDNA fragments.

['Animals', 'Aphthovirus', 'Cricetinae', 'DNA', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gene Expression', 'Histones', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection']

[['B01.050'], ['B04.820.578.750.070'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Anatomic considerations of anterior instrumentation of the thoracic spine.

Forty-seven dry thoracic specimens from T-3 to T-12 (470 thoracic vertebrae) were used to measure the dimensions of the vertebral body of the thoracic spine and to determine the relationship of the posterior angulation of screw placement to the spinal canal from different entrance points. Statistically significant differences in dimensions of male and female specimens were found in the anterior vertebral body height and all of the angular measurements. The average maximum posterior angle relative to the frontal plane from T-3 to T-12 for both sexes ranged from 11 degrees to 14 degrees at the initial point (the level of the most anterior edge of the upper costal facet), from 20 degrees to 23 degrees at the point of 5 mm anterior to the initial point, and from 30 degrees to 34 degrees at the point of 10 mm anterior to the initial point. This study suggests that there is considerable risk of violating the spinal canal if the screws are inadvertently angled posteriorly. The authors recommend insertion of screws in the anterior or middle part of the lateral aspect of the vertebral body. The screws should be directed perpendicular to the lateral plane of the vertebral body. A posteriorly placed screw should be directed anteriorly.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Screws', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Thoracic Vertebrae']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['A02.835.232.834.892']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Participation in Cancer Pharmacogenomic Studies: A Study of 8456 Patients Registered to Clinical Trials in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (Alliance).

BACKGROUND: Clinically annotated specimens from cancer clinical trial participants offer an opportunity for discovery and validation of pharmacogenomic findings. The purpose of this observational study is to better understand patient/institution factors that may contribute to participation in the pharmacogenomic component of prospective cancer clinical trials.METHODS: Patient demographic information (age, sex, self-reported race) and institutional characteristics (CALGB/CTSU site, "diversity," and accrual) were evaluated for 8456 patients enrolled in seven CALGB phase III studies with a pharmacogenomic component. All statistical tests were two-sided.RESULTS: The majority of patients (81%) consented to participate in the pharmacogenomic component. However, in a multivariable analysis, site (CALGB vs CTSU) and "institutional diversity" (percent minority cancer patients on national trials) were statistically significantly associated with participation. For both whites and nonwhites, patients from CALGB sites were more likely to participate compared with patients from CTSU sites (whites: odds ratio [OR] = 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68 to 3.04, P < .001; nonwhites: OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.52 to 2.11, P < .001). However, as "institutional diversity" increased, the likelihood of participation in the pharmacogenomics component decreased for both white (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91 to 0.97, P < .001) and nonwhite patients (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.00, P = .05).CONCLUSIONS: Most clinical trial cancer patients across geographical, racial, and practice settings are willing to participate in pharmacogenomic studies. However, to promote equitable benefit to the larger cancer community, optimization of both patient and institutional participation are needed. Institutional factors may be even more compelling than patient demographics. Prospective studies are needed to identify and address barriers/incentives to participation in pharmacogenomic research at the patient, clinician, and institutional levels.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic', 'Female', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multicenter Studies as Topic', 'Neoplasms', 'Odds Ratio', 'Patient Participation', 'Pharmacogenetics']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.220', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.220', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.220'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.658', 'N05.715.360.330.643', 'N06.850.520.450.643'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['H01.158.273.343.750', 'H01.158.703.052', 'H02.628.479']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

[Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in inflammatory eye diseases].

The occurrence of antinuclear antibodies was investigated in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma, senile cataract and retinal detachment, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The values obtained were the same as those for a normal population. Additionally, the presence and titer levels of ANA were tested in patients with endogenous uveitis, papillitis and optic neuritis. Our results suggest that ANA do not occur more frequently in these conditions.

['Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Cataract', 'Eye Diseases', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Glaucoma', 'Optic Disk', 'Optic Neuritis', 'Retinal Detachment', 'Uveitis']

[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['C11.510.245'], ['C11'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['C11.525.381'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['C10.292.700.550', 'C11.640.576'], ['C11.768.648'], ['C11.941.879']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Action of fatty acids on the exocrine pancreatic secretion of the conscious rat: further evidence for a protein pancreatic inhibitory factor.

The existence of a delayed inhibition of the secretion of protein by the rat pancreas after intraduodenal injection of oleic acid has been confirmed. 1. This phenomenon is not dependent on the presence or absence of bile or pancreatic juice in the intestine. 2. The action of oleic acid is not a pathological phenomenon due to lesions of the gut mucosa because isotonic solutions of Na oleate dispersed into polysorbate 80 or olive oil (rich in oleic acid) plus pancreatic juice have the same effect. 3. Fatty acids must be free or saponified but not esterified in the form of triglycerides. Triglycerides are only effective if pancreatic juice is simultaneously reintroduced into the duodenum. 4. Oleic acid (C18 mono?ne) is more efficient than caprylic acid (C8) and butyric acid (C4) is ineffective. The effect of chain length in releasing the inhibitory factor is therefore approximately the same as in CCK-PZ release. 5. Intraduodenal infusion of hypertonic glucose solution does not inhibit pancreatic protein secretion indicating that release of enteroglucagon is probably not responsible for the inhibition. The inhibitory action of hypertonic NaCl solution is not explained.

['Animals', 'Butyrates', 'Caprylates', 'Fatty Acids', 'Glucose', 'Male', 'Oleic Acids', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Juice', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Secretory Rate', 'Triglycerides']

[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.114', 'D10.251.400.143'], ['D02.241.081.222', 'D10.251.122'], ['D10.251'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D10.251.355.325.600'], ['G02.640'], ['A03.734'], ['A12.200.567'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G03.857'], ['D10.351.801']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Biologically active synthetic peptides as probes of embryonic development: a competitive peptide inhibitor of fibronectin function inhibits gastrulation in amphibian embryos and neural crest cell migration in avian embryos.

We describe a new method for analyzing embryonic events dependent on a specific peptide recognition signal. A short, specific amino acid sequence in fibronectin has been implicated as a recognition site in fibronectin-mediated interactions. Fibroblast adhesion to fibronectin is competitively inhibited by certain synthetic peptides, including the decapeptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser-Ser-Lys-Pro, which appears to contain the cell recognition sequence. We found that this peptide inhibited both amphibian gastrulation and avian neural crest cell migration in vivo, as well as the attachment and migration of neural crest cells in vitro. These processes are major cell migratory events previously suggested to involve fibronectin. Negative controls included another conserved fibronectin peptide from the collagen-binding region containing the sequence Cys-Gln-Asp-Ser-Glu-Thr-Arg-Thr-Phe-Tyr and another peptide. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using synthetic peptides directed at recognition sites in extracellular proteins as probes of morphogenetic processes, and they provide further support for the hypothesis that fibronectin is involved in gastrulation and neural crest cell migration.

['Animals', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chick Embryo', 'Fibronectins', 'Gastrula', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Neural Crest', 'Oligopeptides', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Pleurodeles', 'Quail']

[['B01.050'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.251'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['A16.441'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A16.627'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D12.644.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.608.700.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.650']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[Clinical and roentgenologic changes after fibula resections: causes, differential diagnostic aspects, consequences].

This study correlates the clinical and radiological development of twelve patients with resection of the fibula, with the results of experimental investigations, reporting on the loss of tension-banding and proportional weight-bearing after fibula resection. Five patients underwent segmental fibula resection because of tumour disease, seven patients by reason of harvesting an intercalary allograft. Five patients suffered from lower leg pain. Spindle-shaped thickenings of the tibial cortex could be confirmed by most x-rays, in one case the tibial shaft diameter increased up to 10%. Usually the rest of the fibula will become atrophic in grown-up patients; in children the fibula may restore completely if the preparation is performed by sparing the periosteum. Three patients suffered a stress fracture of the tibia. As pain and tibial stress fracture appeared mainly if the remaining fibula was less than 1/4th of the original fibula length, the distal part should be preserved longer if justifiable from an oncological point of view. The knowledge about basic biomechanical behaviour and the arising possibility of a stress fracture or other structural changing of the tibia after fibula resection is important for correct assessment of the postoperative clinical and radiological development.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Bone Resorption', 'Child', 'Female', 'Fibula', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fractures, Spontaneous', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Tibia', 'Tibial Fractures', 'Weight-Bearing']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.321'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C26.404.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['C26.404.875', 'C26.558.857'], ['G01.374.965']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Creativity, Cerebral Functional Heterogeneity, and "Oshikura Manju"].

We discuss creativity as a product of cerebral functional heterogeneity. To understand the pathophysiology of acquired savant syndrome, we propose an "Oshikura Manju" hypothesis, named after a Japanese game for children. We also briefly explore the mechanisms of healing and nostalgia.

['Cerebrum', 'Creativity', 'Humans']

[['A08.186.211.200.885.287'], ['F01.752.264', 'F02.463.785.302'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']

Should the amputations of the great toe be replanted?

Seventeen great toes, amputated at the distal phalangeal to the level of the MTP joint, were replanted between 1990 and 1998, at Izmir Hand and Microsurgery Hospital. Replantation in five out of six complete amputations, and seven out of eleven incomplete amputations were successful, and the overall survival rate was 76.4%. In failed replantations, the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe was preserved during closing of the stump. Nine of 17 patients were available for review in the follow-up period of mean 3.5 years (range 1-6.5 years). Clinical and biomechanical evaluations of the operated feet were carried out in five patients who had replanted great toe, and in four patients who had amputated one. The uninjured sides were used as control group. The patients in the two groups had no significant subjective symptoms, nearly normal ROM of the MTP joint and protective sensation was achieved in the replanted great toes. With the numbers available, while radiographical parameters of the involved and the control sides demonstrated no significant differences in either groups, pedographical studies revealed consistent changes in weight-bearing distribution of the feet with amputated great toes. Although the great toe amputation causes no disturbance in gait, it alters the load distribution of the foot.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amputation, Traumatic', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gait', 'Hallux', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recovery of Function', 'Replantation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C26.062'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['A01.378.610.250.300.792.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G16.757'], ['E04.936.494'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Prepartion of 16alpha-alkoxy and 16alpha-acyloxy derivatives of 21-chloro-17-acyloxy corticosteroids and determination of their vasoconstrictor activities in humans.

A number of number of 16alpha-alkoxy and 16alpha-acyloxy derivatives of 21-chloro-17-acyloxy corticosteroids have been prepared. The synthetic routes used were (a) reaction of the 16alpha,17-disubstituted 21-mesylate with lithium chloride and (b) reaction of the 16alpha-substituted 17,21-cyclic ortho ester with triphenylmethyl chloride. The vasoconstrictor activities in humans exhibited by these compounds were significantly lower than that of a 16beta-methyl analogue.

['Betamethasone Valerate', 'Humans', 'Pregnenediones', 'Skin', 'Steroids, Chlorinated', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents', 'Vasomotor System']

[['D04.210.500.745.432.769.199.150', 'D04.210.500.908.093.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654'], ['A17.815'], ['D04.210.500.883'], ['D27.505.954.411.793'], ['A08.800.050.800.900']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Assessment of pain in temporomandibular disorders: the bio-psychosocial complexity.

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) affect the joint, the masticatory muscles, or are expressed as a clinical combination of these two factors. The aims of this study were to: (i) identify the clinical and psychosocial factors that aid in the diagnosis and classification of acute and chronic TMD, (ii) determine specific initiating and perpetuating factors which may act as a guide to differentiate between acute and chronic TMD, (iii) identify factors which might predispose to conversion from acute to chronic TMD. Twenty-two patients were examined in the pain clinics at the Eastman Dental Institute. The assessment technique incorporated questionnaires, clinical history and examination including dental panoramic tomography. The results of this pilot study show a significant correlation between mood and enjoyment of life in both groups, mood and relationships in the chronic group, average pain and sleep in the chronic group, average pain and eating-chewing in the chronic group, and phobia for physical disease with trust in clinicians in the chronic group. The bio-psychosocial model of pain is an important appraisal tool. The newly designed TMD Pain Assessment is described with good results.

['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Psychological', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pilot Projects', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Temporomandibular Joint Disorders']

[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.695'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C05.500.607.221.897', 'C05.550.905', 'C05.651.243.897', 'C07.320.610.291.897', 'C07.678']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Chaperone and protease functions of LON protease 2 modulate the peroxisomal transition and degradation with autophagy.

Balancing repair and degradation is essential for maintaining organellar and cellular homeostasis. Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotic cells that play pivotal roles in cell survival. However, the quality control mechanism used to maintain peroxisomes is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that LON protease 2 (LON2), which is encoded by ABERRANT PEROXISOME MORPHOLOGY 10 (APEM10), is responsible for the functional transition of peroxisomes with autophagy. The Arabidopsis apem10 mutant displayed accelerated peroxisome degradation and a dramatically reduced number of peroxisomes. LON2 deficiency caused enhanced peroxisome degradation by autophagy, and peroxisomal proteins accumulated in the cytosol due to a decrease in the number of peroxisomes. We also show the proteolytic consequence of LON2 for the degradation of peroxisomal proteins, and we demonstrated that unnecessary proteins are eliminated by LON2- and autophagy-dependent degradation pathways during the functional transition of peroxisomes. LON2 plays dual roles as an ATP-dependent protease and a chaperone. We show that the chaperone domain of LON2 is essential for the suppression of autophagy, whereas its peptidase domain interferes with this chaperone function, indicating that intramolecular modulation between the proteolysis and chaperone functions of LON2 regulates degradation of peroxisomes by autophagy.

['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Autophagy', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Peroxisomes', 'Protease La']

[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G04.011'], ['D12.776.580'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500.585.600', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190.755.600'], ['D08.811.277.040.013.500.032.099.750', 'D08.811.277.040.025.024.032.099.750', 'D08.811.277.656.149.099.750', 'D08.811.277.656.300.065.750', 'D12.776.157.025.750.032.099.750']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Psychosis Following an Increase in Intrathecal Baclofen.

Baclofen is a commonly used medication to treat spasticity in neurologic disorders. In the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population, the intrathecal administration of baclofen is often preferred over oral administration due to cognitive side effects. Here we report on a case of a psychotic episode following an increase in intrathecal baclofen in a young man with a history of a TBI. Although intrathecal baclofen is commonly used and is generally well tolerated, this case highlights an important potential effect of intrathecal baclofen that has rarely been reported in the literature.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V.

['Baclofen', 'Brain Injuries, Traumatic', 'Humans', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Male', 'Muscle Relaxants, Central', 'Muscle Spasticity', 'Psychotic Disorders']

[['D02.241.081.114.500.350.100'], ['C10.228.140.199.444', 'C10.900.300.087.235', 'C26.915.300.200.194'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['D27.505.696.510', 'D27.505.696.663.700.600', 'D27.505.954.427.525'], ['C05.651.512', 'C10.597.613.550.550', 'C23.888.592.608.550.550'], ['F03.700.675']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Virological characteristics of hepatitis C virus infection in chronic hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study.

Detection of hepatitis C virus viremia (HCV RNA) in serum of hemodialysis (HD) patients is crucial for documenting ongoing infection because the clinical and epidemiological importance of anti-HCV positivity is not clear. HCV viremia was studied in 104 HD patients by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) using primers localized in the 5' non-coding region of the viral genome. We used two different methods to detect HCV RNA: a direct PCR amplification of HCV RNA from human serum, and a standard RT PCR procedure (requiring the RNA extraction step). There were 50 (48%) anti-HCV positive patients in this population. Twenty-two (21.1%) out of 104 patients showed HCV RNA in serum by standard RT PCR technique: they belonged to the anti-HCV positive patient group, whereas all anti-HCV negative patients were HCV RNA negative. Prevalence of HCV RNA was more than doubled when standard RT PCR was used compared to direct RT PCR protocol. There was a good association between serum HCV RNA and circulating anti-HCV antibodies, tested by second-generation ELISA and RIBA assays. HCV viremia was not associated with either the presence or the absence of a particular RIBA antibody specificity. AST and ALT levels had no predictive value for HCV viremia, because they were repeatedly normal in the majority of viremic patients (16/22: 73%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis C Antibodies', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prevalence', 'RNA, Viral', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Seroepidemiologic Studies', 'Specimen Handling', 'Viremia']

[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450.510', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450.510', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.372.500.950', 'N05.715.360.330.500.950', 'N06.850.520.450.500.950'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['C01.925.937', 'C23.550.470.790.500.900']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Thermal epiphysiodesis performed with radio frequency in a porcine model.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Current techniques for epiphysiodesis involve opening of cortical windows; use of staples, screws, and tension devices; and fusion with curettes or drills. Complications may have serious consequences. There is a need for a more reliable, precise, and less traumatic procedure that overcomes the known complications from existing techniques. We analyzed a new epiphysiodesis technique using radio-frequency ablation (RFA) in a porcine model.METHODS: Six 35-kg and two 25-kg immature pigs were used. 1 hind leg of each animal was randomly selected and the proximal tibia growth plate was ablated laterally and medially. The contralateral leg was used as a control. MR images were obtained immediately after the ablation and 12 weeks later for 6 animals, and 24 weeks later for the other 2 animals. CT was done for the 2 animals that were followed for 24 weeks for proof of bone bridges.RESULTS: Both tibias were equal in length initially. At the 12-week follow-up, there was an average leg length discrepancy of 3.9 mm (95% CI: 3.0-4.8), and at 24 weeks the difference was 8.4 mm and 7.5 mm. No damage to the adjacent tissue was found. Bone bridges and physeal closure were found after 24 weeks. The pigs showed no discomfort after the intervention.INTERPRETATION: We found RFA to be feasible for epiphysiodesis in a pig model. The method is minimally invasive and recovery may be quick compared to conventional methods. We recommend that the method should be tested in larger-scale safety studies before clinical application.

['Ablation Techniques', 'Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Epiphyses', 'Female', 'Growth Plate', 'Leg Length Inequality', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Radiosurgery', 'Swine', 'Tibia']

[['E04.014'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A02.835.232.251'], ['A02.835.232.251.352'], ['C05.116.099.655', 'C23.300.808'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Long-term Results of 180 Consecutive Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treated with the Endurant Stent Graft System.

BACKGROUND: Registry studies have shown that the Endurant stent graft is associated with low rates of all-cause and aneurysm-related mortality when used for the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, many were limited by length of follow-up and all had a proportion of patients lost to follow-up. The aim of this study is to report results from a large, real-world experience using Endurant, utilizing methods to ensure complete ascertainment of mortality.METHODS: This study describes a large, single vascular unit experience using the Endurant stent graft in consecutive patients treated between August 2008 and March 2019.RESULTS: One-hundred eighty patients (mean age 76.0 ± 8.6 years; 90% male) with mean AAA diameter of 57.5 ± 10.5 mm underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Technical success was achieved in all cases. At median follow-up of 55.0 months (interquartile range 29.8-79.0), 51 (28.3%) patients had died. Kaplan-Meier estimate of 5-year overall survival and freedom from aneurysm-related death was 71.6% and 99.4%, respectively. Lower survival rates were observed in patients who underwent EVAR at age ?80 years (59.2% vs. 78.3%, P < 0.01) and with aneurysm diameter ?70 mm (55.6% vs. 73.8%, P = 0.03). Thirteen endoleaks (7.2%; 4 type 1A, 2 type 1B, 7 type 2) were observed during follow-up (mean time from implantation 8.7 ± 4.2, range 1-52 months). Eleven patients (6.1%) required secondary intervention for limb occlusion (n = 7), endoleak (n = 3), and restenosis (n = 1). Patients treated within (n = 104; 57.8%) and outside (n = 76; 42.2%) the manufacturer's instructions for use (IFU) had similar rates of endoleak (7 [6.7%] vs. 6 [7.9%]; P = 0.76), secondary re-intervention (7 [6.7%] vs. 4 [5.3%]; P = 0.74) and overall-survival (72 [69.2%] vs. 55 [72.3%]; P = 0.46).CONCLUSIONS: Results from this real-world study of consecutive patients treated for AAA using the Endurant stent graft demonstrate that it is safe and effective, with excellent long-term outcomes for anatomy that falls both inside and outside IFU recommendations.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Databases, Factual', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Risk Factors', 'Stents', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E07.695.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Seasonal variation in paired maternal-newborn serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Israel.

Seasonal changes were observed in the vitamin D status of mothers and their newly born infants in sunny Israel. Maternal and newborn serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) were lower (less than 0.01) in March-April (n = 45 pairs), than in September-October (n = 33 pairs). Parallel seasonal changes were also found in serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24, 25-(OH)2D] concentrations. In the spring, 20% of the mothers and 40% of their infants had vitamin D deficiency or borderline serum 25-OHD levels. In the autumn, in contrast, none of the mothers and only one newborn were vitamin D-deficient, and one mother and two newborns had borderline serum 25-OHD levels. The results demonstrate that even in Mediterranean climates there are seasonal changes in maternal vitamin D status, which have a significant effect on the serum levels of vitamin D metabolites in their newborn infants. This raises the question as to whether vitamin D supplements should be given to pregnant women in Israel, at least during the winter.

['24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3', 'Adult', 'Calcifediol', 'Dihydroxycholecalciferols', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Israel', 'Pregnancy', 'Seasons', 'Vitamin D']

[['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.400', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.400', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.400', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.400'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.250', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.250', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.250', 'D10.570.938.146.478.250'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']

Changes in limb dynamics during the practice of rapid arm movements.

In our study we examined Bernstein's hypothesis that practice alters the motor coordination among the muscular and passive joint moments. In particular, we conducted dynamical analyses of a human multisegmental movement during the practice of a task involving the upper extremity. Seven male human volunteers performed maximal-speed, unrestrained vertical arm movements whose upward and downward trajectories between two target endpoints required the hand to round a barrier, resulting in complex shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint movements. These movements were recorded by high-speed cin? film, and myopotentials from selected upper-extremity muscles were recorded. The arm was modeled as interconnected rigid bodies, so that dynamical interactions among the upper arm, forearm, and hand could be calculated. With practice, subjects achieved significantly shorter movement times. As movement times decreased, all joint-moment components (except gravity) increased, and the moment-time and EMG profiles were changed significantly. Particularly during reversals in movement direction, the changes in moment-time and EMG profiles were consistent with Bernstein's hypothesis relating practice effects and intralimb coordination: with practice, motor coordination was altered so that individuals employed reactive phenomena in such a way as to use muscular moments to counterbalance passive-interactive moments created by segment movements.

['Action Potentials', 'Adult', 'Arm', 'Electromyography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Muscles', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Time Factors']

[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['I02.233.543'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

The complete genome of a viable archaeum isolated from 123-million-year-old rock salt.

Live microbes have been isolated from rock salt up to Permian age. Only obligatory cellular functions can be performed in halite-buried cells. Consequently, their genomic sequences are likely to remain virtually unchanged. However, the available sequence information from these organisms is scarce and consists of mainly ribosomal 16S sequences. Here, live archaea were isolated from early Cretaceous (? 123 million years old) halite from the depth of 2000 m in Qianjiang Depression, Hubei Province, China. The sample was radiologically dated and subjected to rigorous surface sterilization before microbe isolation. The isolates represented a single novel species of Halobacterium, for which we suggest the name Halobacterium hubeiense, type strain Hbt. hubeiense JI20-1. The species was closely related to a Permian (225-280 million years old) isolate, Halobacterium noricense, originating from Alpine rock salt. This study is the first one to publish the complete genome of an organism originating from surface-sterilized ancient halite. In the future, genomic data from halite-buried microbes can become a key factor in understanding the mechanisms by which these organisms are able to survive in harsh conditions deep underground or possibly on other celestial bodies.

['Base Sequence', 'China', 'Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats', 'DNA, Archaeal', 'Genome, Archaeal', 'Halobacterium', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sodium Chloride']

[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.325.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.325.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.069'], ['D13.444.308.180'], ['G05.360.340.358.050'], ['B02.200.400.400.410'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

SO2-* electron transfer ion/ion reactions with disulfide linked polypeptide ions.

Multiply-charged peptide cations comprised of two polypeptide chains (designated A and B) bound via a disulfide linkage have been reacted with SO2-* in an electrodynamic ion trap mass spectrometer. These reactions proceed through both proton transfer (without dissociation) and electron transfer (with and without dissociation). Electron transfer reactions are shown to give rise to cleavage along the peptide backbone, loss of neutral molecules, and cleavage of the cystine bond. Disulfide bond cleavage is the preferred dissociation channel and both Chain A (or B)-S* and Chain A (or B)-SH fragment ions are observed, similar to those observed with electron capture dissociation (ECD) of disulfide-bound peptides. Electron transfer without dissociation produces [M + 2H]+* ions, which appear to be less kinetically stable than the proton transfer [M + H]+ product. When subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID), the [M + 2H]+* ions fragment to give products that were also observed as dissociation products during the electron transfer reaction. However, not all dissociation channels noted in the electron transfer reaction were observed in the CID of the [M + 2H]+* ions. The charge state of the peptide has a significant effect on both the extent of electron transfer dissociation observed and the variety of dissociation products, with higher charge states giving more of each.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Disulfides', 'Electrons', 'Ions', 'Lactalbumin', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oxytocin', 'Peptides', 'Somatostatin', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Sulfites']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['D01.248.497'], ['D12.776.034.398', 'D12.776.256.159.750.816.250'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['D12.644'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['D01.248.497.158.904', 'D01.875.750']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[A Case of Huge Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Transverse Colon Resected Successfully].

The patient, 49-year-old woman, who was referred to our hospital in August 2016 because of left abdominal pain. The abdominal CT scan showed a large tumor, over 10 cm dimeter at splenic flexure of the transverse colon, and colonoscopy detected transvers colon cancer(por, cT4b, cN1, M0, cStage III A). There was no distant metastasis, although invasion to the retroperitoneum and the abdominal wall. Left hemicolectomy was successfully performed with D3 lymph node dissection. Pathological diagnosis was endocrine cell carcinoma, pT4a(SE), pN0, M0, pStage II . The Surgical margin was completely free of carcinoma(R0). The postoperative course was uneventful, and she has been in good health with no recurrence for 8 months after surgery. Neuroendocrine cell carcinoma is recommended for adjuvant treatment based on small cell lung cancer, but there are not effective clinical trials nor established treatment methods because it is rare disease.

['Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine', 'Colectomy', 'Colon, Transverse', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged']

[['C04.557.465.625.650.240', 'C04.557.470.200.025.370', 'C04.557.580.625.650.240'], ['E04.210.219'], ['A03.556.124.526.356.834', 'A03.556.249.249.356.834'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Practical approach to the evaluation of industrial wastewater treatment by the application of advanced microbiological techniques.

In cork industry, the operation of boiling raw cork generates large volumes of wastewater named Cork Boiling Wastewater (CBW). The main characteristics are the low biodegradability and medium to low acute toxicity, resulting in the necessity of designing advanced biological treatments by possible conventional activated sludge adaptation. In order to evaluate the variation of bacterial population along that process, a study based on optical microscopy, plate count, DNA extraction, qPCR and massive sequencing techniques was performed. Results showed a diminution of the total and volatile solids (TSS and VSS), jointly with a decrease in DNA concentration, general bacteria (16 S) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). After a few hours of testing, diverse microbiological species died while others showed a possible adaptation of the biological system, accompained by a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reduction. In addition, toxicity tests based on activated sludge showed the development of chronic toxicity through the contact time. Combination of classical and advanced microbiological techniques, such as quantitative real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and metagenomics, was essential to predict the variation of species during the experiment and to conclude if effective biological adaptation could be finally attained for the target complex wastewater.

['Bacteria', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Metagenomics', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sewage', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Waste Water']

[['B03'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['H01.158.273.343.350.261'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D20.944.932', 'N06.850.460.710.865']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

MyD88-deficient Hydra reveal an ancient function of TLR signaling in sensing bacterial colonizers.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is one of the most important signaling cascades of the innate immune system of vertebrates. Studies in invertebrates have focused on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and there is little information regarding the evolutionary origin and ancestral function of TLR signaling. In Drosophila, members of the Toll-like receptor family are involved in both embryonic development and innate immunity. In C. elegans, a clear immune function of the TLR homolog TOL-1 is controversial and central components of vertebrate TLR signaling including the key adapter protein myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and the transcription factor NF-êB are not present. In basal metazoans such as the cnidarians Hydra magnipapillata and Nematostella vectensis, all components of the vertebrate TLR signaling cascade are present, but their role in immunity is unknown. Here, we use a MyD88 loss-of-function approach in Hydra to demonstrate that recognition of bacteria is an ancestral function of TLR signaling and that this process contributes to both host-mediated recolonization by commensal bacteria as well as to defense against bacterial pathogens.

['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Base Sequence', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Hydra', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Phosphorylation', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toll-Like Receptors']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.500.308.485.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['D12.644.360.024.311', 'D12.776.157.057.074', 'D12.776.476.024.390'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']

Intracellular location of mycoplasmas in cultured cells demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy.

Mycoplasma fermentans (strain 'incognitus') was incubated with HeLa cells for up to 96 h. After 24 h, mycoplasma organisms were demonstrated intracellularly by immunocytochemistry using mule anti-M. fermentans antiserum and gold labelling on ultrathin sections of both Lowicryl K4M and Araldite-embedded HeLa cells, the latter being treated with hydrogen peroxide. The Araldite-embedded cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide in the presence of ruthenium red to stain the mucopolysaccharide surface components of both the procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. Intracellular localization of some M. fermentans organisms was confirmed by exclusion of ruthenium red from their membranes. Various numbers of mycoplasma organisms were seen per cell and occasionally some were within vacuoles, the membranes of which were also unstained by ruthenium red. The PG18 strain of M. fermentans and a strain of M. hominis were also detected intracellularly using similar methodology and homologous mule or rabbit antisera. The occasional presence of both apparently normal and some denser degenerate mycoplasmas in the same cell may indicate gradual degradation by phagolysosomal digestion.

['HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mycoplasma', 'Mycoplasma fermentans']

[['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.315']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Computerized Dead-Space Volume Measurement of Face Masks Applied to Simulated Faces.

BACKGROUND: The dead-space volume (VD) of face masks for metered-dose inhaler treatments is particularly important in infants and young children with asthma, who have relatively low tidal volumes. Data about VD have been traditionally obtained from water displacement measurements, in which masks are held against a flat surface. Because, in real life, masks are placed against the face, VD is likely to differ considerably between masks depending upon their contour and fit. The aim of this study was to develop an accurate and reliable way to measure VD electronically and to apply this technique by comparing the electronic VD of commonly available face masks.METHODS: Average digital faces were obtained from 3-dimensional images of 270 infants and children. Commonly used face masks (small and medium) from various manufacturers (Monaghan Medical, Pari Respiratory Equipment, Philips Respironics, and InspiRx) were scanned and digitized by means of computed tomography. Each mask was electronically applied to its respective digital face, and the VD enclosed (mL) was computerized and precisely measured.RESULTS: VD varied between 22.6 mL (SootherMask, InspiRx) and 43.1 mL (Vortex, Pari) for small masks and between 41.7 mL (SootherMask) and 71.5 mL (AeroChamber, Monaghan Medical) for medium masks. These values were significantly lower and less variable than measurements obtained by water displacement.CONCLUSIONS: Computerized techniques provide an innovative and relatively simple way of accurately measuring the VD of face masks applied to digital faces. As determined by computerized measurement using average-size virtual faces, the InspiRx masks had a significantly smaller VD for both small and medium masks compared with the other masks. This is of considerable importance with respect to aerosol dose and delivery time, particularly in young children. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01274299.).

['Administration, Inhalation', 'Aerosols', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Child, Preschool', 'Computer Simulation', 'Equipment Design', 'Face', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Masks', 'Metered Dose Inhalers', 'Respiratory Dead Space', 'Respiratory Therapy', 'Tidal Volume']

[['E02.319.267.050'], ['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.110', 'D27.505.954.796.050.100'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.320'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E07.325.877.500', 'E07.700.500', 'E07.858.594.750', 'J01.637.708.560.782'], ['E07.605.750'], ['G09.772.760'], ['E02.880'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Redesign of thoracic surgical services within a cancer network-using an oncology focus to inform change.

Thoracic surgical services for one cancer network in London are based at one NHS Trust. Approximately 80% of the surgery performed in the period January-December 2003 was for the diagnosis, palliation or treatment of cancer. The range of different patient groups and needs is very wide, ranging from teenagers undergoing metastatectomy to adults and older adults undergoing resections or palliative surgery. An audit of lung cancer resections performed in 2001 on behalf of the Network lung tumour board indicated that the service was fragmented and there were several bottlenecks in the lung cancer pathway, causing patient delays and a feeling of dissatisfaction amongst referrers and patients. A clinician with oncology experience was appointed in 2002. Immediate action to track patients and ensure referrers knew the outcome of surgery and histology was taken. As part of the NHS Modernisation agenda, the local Cancer Services Collaborative then facilitated mapping the pathway for lung cancer, identifying problems and ways of tackling them. Changes from this, subsequent initiatives and adopting a collaborative approach have also had a positive impact on the lung cancer service. These strategies have been adapted to all thoracic surgery pathways for cancer or suspected cancer. Examples include decreased wait time, sector-wide patient information, multiprofessional working practice and educational initiatives.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cancer Care Facilities', 'Humans', 'London', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Organizational Case Studies', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Program Evaluation', 'State Medicine', 'Thoracic Surgery']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N02.278.421.556.070'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N03.349.380.710', 'N05.715.360.455'], ['N04.452.610'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['H02.403.810.803']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the pharynx.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of late adult life, but is relatively uncommon in the head and neck region. That region has been reported to be the origin of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in 3-10% of cases. Only one case of the tumor occurring in the pharynx has been reported. Histologically it is sometimes hard to distinguish this tumor from some sarcomas and pleomorphic carcinomas. The treatment of choice is a large surgical resection, while radiotherapy and chemotherapy are reserved for recurrences. The authors present a case of oropharyngeal malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The patient complained dysphagia and dyslalia progressively worsening in six months. Pharyngo-laryngoscopy revealed a mass of the left lateral wall of oro and hypopharynx. CT scan examination showed a capsuled mass which displaced but not involved the neck neurovascular structures; there was no evidence of linphonodal involvement. Transoral surgical excision of the mass was performed with the preservation of speech and swallowing. For more than 1 year postoperatively, there has been no evidence of the disease or metastasis.

['Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']

[['C04.557.450.565.590.425.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.665.710', 'C07.550.745', 'C09.647.710', 'C09.775.549'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

TideHunter: efficient and sensitive tandem repeat detection from noisy long-reads using seed-and-chain.

MOTIVATION: Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing technologies can produce long-reads up to tens of kilobases, but with high error rates. In order to reduce sequencing error, Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) has been used to improve library preparation by amplifying circularized template molecules. Linear products of the RCA contain multiple tandem copies of the template molecule. By integrating additional in silico processing steps, these tandem sequences can be collapsed into a consensus sequence with a higher accuracy than the original raw reads. Existing pipelines using alignment-based methods to discover the tandem repeat patterns from the long-reads are either inefficient or lack sensitivity.RESULTS: We present a novel tandem repeat detection and consensus calling tool, TideHunter, to efficiently discover tandem repeat patterns and generate high-quality consensus sequences from amplified tandemly repeated long-read sequencing data. TideHunter works with noisy long-reads (PacBio and ONT) at error rates of up to 20% and does not have any limitation of the maximal repeat pattern size. We benchmarked TideHunter using simulated and real datasets with varying error rates and repeat pattern sizes. TideHunter is tens of times faster than state-of-the-art methods and has a higher sensitivity and accuracy.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: TideHunter is written in C, it is open source and is available at https://github.com/yangao07/TideHunter.

['High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Nanopores', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Software', 'Tandem Repeat Sequences']

[['E05.393.760.319'], ['J01.637.512.650'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['L01.224.900'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800', 'G05.360.080.708.800', 'G05.360.340.024.850']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Multimodality imaging in Europe: a survey by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the European Society of Radiology (ESR).

PURPOSE: Multimodality imaging represents an area of rapid growth with important professional implication for both nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists throughout Europe. As a preliminary step for future action aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of PET/SPECT/CT multimodality imaging practice in Europe, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the European Society of Radiology (ESR) performed a survey among the individual membership of both societies to obtain information on the status of multimodality imaging in their facilities and their future visions on training for combined modalities.METHODS: A questionnaire was forwarded to all individual members of the EANM and ESR. The main subject matter of the questionnaire related to: (1) study performance,current procedures, current equipment including its supervisory personnel at respondents' individual facilities and (2)vision of future practice, performance and the potential for combined interdisciplinary viewing and training for future professionals.RESULTS: The reporting and the billing procedures of multimodality imaging studies are very heterogeneous in European countries. The majority of the members of both societies believe that the proportion of PET/CT conducted as a full diagnostic CT with contrast enhancement will increase over time. As expected, (18)F-FDG is the most commonly used PET tracer for clinical applications. The large majority of respondents were in favour of an interdisciplinary training programme being developed on a European level together by the EANM and the ESR and the respective sections of the European Union of Medical Specialists.CONCLUSION: The results of this survey show that there is wide heterogeneity in the current practice of multimodality imaging in Europe. This situation may limit the full potential and integration of multimodality imaging within the clinical arena. There is a strong desire within both specialties for the development of interdisciplinary training to address some of these issues.

['Europe', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Nuclear Medicine', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Subtraction Technique', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed']

[['Z01.542'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['H02.403.740.500'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E01.370.350.760'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800']]

['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Pathogenetic changes in the lung bud of mutant rats with heritable pulmonary lobation anomalies.

The present study aimed at investigating pathogenesis of pulmonary lobation anomalies in fpl/fpl mutant rats. Day 12-15 embryos were first examined for pulmonary lobation. Lung serial sections were then made and examined for bronchial branching and distribution of extracellular matrices (ECMs). The lung buds of both fpl/fpl embryos and their phenotypically normal fpl/+ littermates were formed as bilateral protrusion of the foregut on gestation day 12. In fpl/+ embryos, three processes appeared on the right lung bud on day 13, and fissures were completely formed by day 14. In fpl/fpl embryos, the right lung bud had no clear process on gestation day 13, and fissures were not formed on day 14 and thereafter, with the exception of incomplete separation between the cranial and middle lobes. Histological observation revealed that the right main bronchial bud of fpl/+ embryos ramified all lobar bronchial buds by gestation day 13. ECMs, a borderline between endodermal bronchial buds and surrounding mesenchyme, disappeared at the distal end of each lobar bronchial bud. By contrast, in fpl/fpl embryos, the right main bronchial bud did not ramify the middle and intermediate lobar bronchial buds at its lateral and ventral portions, but swelled on gestation day 13. It was covered with ECMs at the lateral side but not at the ventral region, from which the middle and intermediate lobar bronchial buds arose on gestation day 14. These observations suggest that altered distribution of ECMs causes branching abnormalities of the lobar bronchial buds and subsequent lobation anomalies in fpl/fpl embryos.

['Animals', 'Female', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Rats', 'Rats, Mutant Strains']

[['B01.050'], ['A04.411'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Efficacy of reductive ventricular osmotherapy in a swine model of traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND: The presence of osmotic gradients in the development of cerebral edema and the effectiveness of osmotherapy are well recognized. A modification of ventriculostomy catheters described in this article provides a method of osmotherapy that is not currently available. The reductive ventricular osmotherapy (RVOT) catheter removes free water from ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by incorporating hollow fibers that remove water vapor, thereby providing osmotherapy without increasing osmotic load.OBJECTIVE: To increase osmolarity in the ventricular CSF through use of RVOT in vivo.METHODS: Twelve Yorkshire swine with contusional injury were randomized to external ventricular drainage (EVD) or RVOT for 12 hours. MR imaging was obtained. Serum, CSF, and brain ultrafiltrate were analyzed. Histology was compared using Fluor-Jade B and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stains.RESULTS: With RVOT, CSF osmolality increased from 292 ± 2.7 to 345 ± 8.0 mOsmol/kg (mean ± SE, P = 0.0006), and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the injury region increased from 0.735 ± 0.047 to 1.135 ± .063 (P = 0.004) over 24 hours. With EVD controls, CSF osmolarity and ADC were not significantly changed. Histologically, all RVOT pigs showed no evidence of neuronal degeneration (Grade 1/4) compared to moderate degeneration (Grade 2.6 ± .4/4) seen in EVD treated animals (P = 0.02). The difference in intracranial pressure (ICP) by area under the curve approached significance at P = .065 by Mann Whitney test.CONCLUSION: RVOT can increase CSF osmolarity in vivo after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). In anticipated clinical use, only a slight increase in CSF osmolarity may be required to reduce cerebral edema.

['Animals', 'Brain Edema', 'Brain Injuries', 'Catheters', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Swine', 'Ventriculostomy']

[['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.187'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['E07.132'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E04.035.188.957', 'E04.525.170.860']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Modulation of Tamoxifen Cytotoxicity by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

Although Tamoxifen (TAM) is one of the most widely used drugs in managing breast cancer, many women still relapse after long-term therapy. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a polyphenolic compound present in many medicinal plants and in propolis. The present study examined the effect of CAPE on TAM cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of TAM and/or CAPE for 48 h. This novel combination exerted synergistic cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 cells via induction of apoptotic machinery with activation of caspases and DNA fragmentation, along with downregulation of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 expression levels. However, the mammalian microtubule-associated protein light chain LC 3-II level was unchanged. Vascular endothelial growth factor level was also decreased, whereas levels of glutathione and nitric oxide were increased. In conclusion, CAPE augmented TAM cytotoxicity via multiple mechanisms, providing a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment that can overcome resistance and lower toxicity. This effect provides a rationale for further investigation of this combination.

['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Beclin-1', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Caffeic Acids', 'Female', 'Humans', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Phenylethyl Alcohol', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Tamoxifen']

[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['D12.644.360.075.335', 'D12.776.094.500', 'D12.776.476.075.335'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D02.241.223.200.054'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['D02.033.375.650'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

A neglected case of macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the foot in an elderly man.

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa is a rare disorder characterized by three-dimensional enlargement of one or more fingers or toes with predominantly fibroadipose tissue. Radiographically, it appears as hypertrophy of soft tissues and bones. The pathologic findings are infiltration and hypertrophy of adipose tissue in subcutaneous tissue, nerve sheaths, and periosteum. Macrodystrophia lipomatosa is usually diagnosed during childhood. The case presented here involves the most elderly patient with the condition ever reported, to our knowledge. As such, it may advance current knowledge of macrodystrophia lipomatosa. Special emphasis is given to the unique "bridge" formation seen radiographically in this case.

['Aged', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Foot Deformities, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Lipomatosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Toes', 'Treatment Refusal']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['C05.330.495', 'C05.660.585.512.380', 'C16.131.621.585.512.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.463', 'C18.452.584.718'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A01.378.610.250.300.792'], ['F01.100.150.750.750', 'F01.145.488.887.750', 'I01.880.604.473.650.968', 'N03.706.437.650.875', 'N05.300.150.800.750']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

The relation between smoking-specific parenting and smoking trajectories of adolescents: how are changes in parenting related to changes in smoking?

In this study, we tested to what extent smoking-specific parenting and changes in parenting are related to adolescents' smoking trajectories. Data were used from a four-wave prospective study including 428 adolescents (aged M = 15.2; SD = 0.60). Latent Class Growth Analyses were conducted to identify trajectories. Multinomial Logistic Regression Analyses were executed to examine the relations between parenting and class membership. Longitudinal cross-lagged models were tested to examine causal predominance between parenting and smoking. Four trajectories were found, consisting of Non-smokers, Increasers, Stable smokers and Decreasers. Quality of parental smoking-specific communication was strongly related to the membership in different trajectories. Along with the cross-lagged associations demonstrating that the quality of communication was predominantly related to future smoking rather than vice versa, these findings indicate that parents who talked about smoking in a constructive and respectful manner were more likely to have non-smoking children. In contrast, parents who talked often about smoking-related issues and increased these discussions over time were more likely to have smoking children; cross-lagged associations indicated that these findings could be best explained by children changing their parents. Having a non-smoking agreement was related to a lower risk in becoming a regular smoker.

['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Netherlands', 'Parenting', 'Prospective Studies', 'Smoking']

[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.599'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F01.145.805']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

New considerations on pathways involved in acute traumatic coagulopathy: the thrombin generation paradox.

Background: An acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) is observed in about one third of severely traumatized patients. This early, specific, and endogenous disorder is triggered by the association of trauma and hemorrhage. The early phase of this condition is characterized by the expression of a bleeding phenotype leading to hemorrhagic shock and the late phase by a prothrombotic profile leading to multiple organ failure. The physiopathology of this phenomenon is still poorly understood. Hypotheses of disseminated intravascular coagulation, activated protein C-mediated fibrinolysis, fibrinogen consumption, and platelet functional impairment were developed by previous authors and continue to be debated. The objective of this study was to observe general hemostasis disorders in case of ATC to confront these hypotheses.Method: Four groups of 15 rats were compared: C, control; T, trauma; H, hemorrhage; and TH, trauma and hemorrhage. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and 90 min. Thrombin generation tests, platelet aggregometry, and standard hemostasis tests were performed.Results: Significant differences were observed between the baseline and TH groups for aPTT (17.9 ± 0.8 s vs 24.3 ± 1.4 s, p < 0.001, mean ± SEM), MAP (79.7 ± 1.3 mmHg vs 43.8 ± 1.3 mmHg, p < 0.001, mean ± SEM), and hemoglobin (16.5 ± 0.1 g/dL vs 14.1 ± 0.3 g/dL, p < 0.001, mean ± SEM), indicating the presence of an hemorrhagic shock due to ATC. Compared to all other groups, coagulation factor activities were decreased in the TH group, but endogenous thrombin potential was (paradoxically) higher than in group C (312 ± 17 nM/min vs. 228 ± 23 nM/min; p = 0.016; mean ± SEM). We also observed a subtle decrease in platelet count and function in case of ATC and retrieved an inversed linear relationship between fibrinogen concentration and aPTT (intercept, 26.53 ± 3.16; coefficient, - 3.40 ± 1.26; adjusted R 2: 0.1878; p = 0.0123).Conclusions: The clinical-biological profile that we observed, combining normal thrombin generation, fibrinogen depletion, and a hemorrhagic phenotype, reinforced the hypothesis of activated protein C mediated-fibrinolysis. The key role of fibrinogen, but not of the platelets, was confirmed in this study. The paradoxical preservation of thrombin generation suggests a protective mechanism mediated by rhabdomyolysis in case of major trauma. Based on these results, we propose a new conception concerning the pathophysiology of ATC.

['Animals', 'Arterial Pressure', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation', 'Fibrinogen', 'Lactic Acid', 'Potassium', 'Prothrombin', 'Prothrombin Time', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Thrombin', 'Wounds and Injuries']

[['B01.050'], ['G09.330.380.076.347'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C15.378.100.220', 'C15.378.463.250', 'C15.378.925.220'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D08.622.709', 'D12.776.124.125.800', 'D12.776.811.243.709', 'D23.119.945'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.610', 'E05.200.625.115.610', 'G09.188.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960'], ['C26']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

[Effect of rearing method on the storage of fats by adipose tissue in sheep].

Adipocyte synthesis de novo and lipoprotein lipase activity have been used simultaneously to measure the lipogenic activity of adipose tissue in sheep. Acetate and glucose were used as precursors of fatty acid synthesis. The sheep were raised either outdoors or in a sheepfold. They were slaughtered by lots at mean weights of 24 and 32.5 kg. Compared to lipoprotein lipase activity, de novo synthesis of fatty acids was the main way of constituting lipid depositions. Raising the sheep outdoors favored the use of glucose as precursor of lipid synthesis at the first slaughter stage at 24 kg. Later at 32.5 kg, glucose utilization was practically zero compared to acetate, whatever the mode of rearing. The NADPH production needed for fatty acid synthesis was almost entirely due to NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase activity. Variations in both de novo synthesis and in lipoprotein lipase activity in relation with rearing method and slaughter weight were especially evident in the group raised outdoors.

['Acetates', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Environment', 'Fatty Acids', 'Glucose', 'Lipids', 'Lipoprotein Lipase', 'Male', 'Sheep']

[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['D10.251'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D10'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']

Functional studies with anti-CD3 heavy chain isotype switch-variant monoclonal antibodies. Accessory cell-independent induction of interleukin 2 responsiveness in T cells by epsilon-anti-CD3.

A series of heavy chain isotype switch-variant anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was used to study the proliferation requirements of purified T cells. None of the variant antibodies was able by itself to induce proliferation. In the presence of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2) strong mitogenesis was observed upon stimulation with epsilon-anti-CD3, whereas gamma 1, gamma 2b, gamma 2a, and alpha-anti-CD3 failed to induce T cell proliferation. All variant antibodies induced vigorous proliferation in combination with phorbol myristate acetate. Purified T cells, cultured in the presence of epsilon-anti-CD3, in the absence of IL-2, did not express detectable amounts of TAC-antigen (CD25). The binding of the variant antibodies to the CD3 antigen was evaluated in cross-blocking experiments. It was demonstrated that the epsilon-anti-CD3 antibody, in comparison with the other variant mAb, has a relatively low avidity for the CD3 antigen. In modulation experiments, the IgE variant antibody was unable to induce a substantial loss of CD3 antigen. T cell triggering was investigated at the level of Ca2+ mobilization by means of the dye Indo-1. In contrast to the gamma 1, gamma 2b, gamma 2a, and alpha mAb, which induced a rapid and high rise in the free intracellular calcium level, epsilon-anti-CD3 caused a slow and low rise. These studies indicate that the epsilon-anti-CD3 antibody has a low avidity for the CD3 antigen, compared with the other variant mAb, possibly as a result of monovalent binding. Apparently, the avidity and/or valency of CD3 antigen binding not only has a major influence on CD3 modulation and anti-CD3-induced Ca2+ mobilization, but also sets T cell requirements for IL-2 responsiveness.

['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Affinity', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'Calcium', 'Endocytosis', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments', 'Immunoglobulin Isotypes', 'Immunologic Capping', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'T-Lymphocytes']

[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.040', 'G12.122.125'], ['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.417'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.644.541.500.650', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619'], ['G04.774.612', 'G12.122.612'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Restimulation properties of human alloreactive cloned T-cell lines. Dissection of HLA-D-region alleles in population studies and in family segregation analysis.

Alloactivated human lymphocytes were cloned by limiting dilution. After 1 month in culture with T-cell growth factor several clones incorporated tritiated thymidine when stimulated with the appropriate allogeneic cells. Specificity of restimulation of two primed lymphocyte clones, designated 12-2 and 12-8, was studied in detail after varying periods of culture (up to 50 days). Clone 12-2 cells were stimulated only by cells expressing the HLA-Dw antigens of the original priming cells (Dw3); furthermore, this primed lymphocyte reagent specifically recognized antigens associated with only one of the three distinct Dw3-bearing haplotypes from an informative family (KOH). Clone 12-8 cells, on the other hand, failed to recognize Dw3 antigens in the random panel or on homozygous typing cells (including the original priming cell), but were strongly restimulated by certain cells expressing Dw4 antigens. In addition, within family KOH, these restimulating products segregated with another one of the three Dw3-bearing haplotypes but with none of the three Dw4-bearing haplotypes. These two clones exemplify a hitherto unknown precision in cellular typing of the HLA-D region. Clone 12-2 allows the discrimination of a probably rare and as yet undetected HLA-Dw3 subtypic specificity. Clone 12-8, on the other hand, apparently identifies an allelic system segregating with HLA but distinct from the HLA-D determinants definable by HTC-typing.

['Alleles', 'Clone Cells', 'Female', 'HLA-D Antigens', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'T-Lymphocytes']

[]

[]

Role of putrescine in cell proliferation in a colon carcinoma cell line.

OBJECTIVES: Putrescine, the precursor for higher polyamine biosynthesis, is necessary for cell growth in mammals. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine production are increased in neoplastic cells. Using colon cancer cell line derived from a tumor with high metastatic potential (CT-26), our objective was to study the effect of exogenous putrescine on ODC regulation, polyamine metabolism, and cell proliferation.METHODS: Cells cultured with fetal calf serum were exposed to 100, 550, and 1000 microM putrescine for 24 h.RESULTS: Intracellular free putrescine, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, showed a statistically significant increase in exposed cells compared with controls and a significant correlation with levels of the metabolite present in the medium (r = 0.93; P < 0.001). Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into newly synthesized DNA, a marker of cell proliferation, showed a statistically significant increase in the three putrescine groups as opposed to the control group. In samples with added aminoguanidine, significant increases in DNA synthesis were observed in the 550- and 1000-microM putrescine groups as opposed to the control group. Spermidine and spermine intracellular contents in all three putrescine-treated groups remained below control levels. No statistical differences in ODC enzymatic activity or ODC mRNA content were observed. Newly incorporated putrescine stimulated colon tumor cell growth.CONCLUSIONS: Because neither enhanced conversion into the higher polyamines nor aminoguanidine inhibition of proliferation was observed, we suggest that this effect can be attributed to the putrescine molecule itself.

['Adenocarcinoma', 'Cell Division', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Ornithine Decarboxylase', 'Polyamines', 'Putrescine', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']

[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.425'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D02.092.211.415.701', 'D02.092.782.258.784'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A11.251.860']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Effects of polyphenols and lipids from Pennisetum glaucum grains on T-cell activation: modulation of Ca(2+) and ERK1/ERK2 signaling.

BACKGROUND: Pearl millet (PM), i.e., Pennisetum glaucum, is widely grown in Africa and known for its anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic properties.METHODS: The P. glaucum grains were obtained from the region of Ouled A?ssa (South of Algeria). We assessed the effects of phenolic compounds and lipids, extracted from seeds of P. glaucum, on rat lymphocyte proliferation, activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin. In order to explore signaling pathway, triggered by these compounds, we assessed interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/ERK2) phosphorylation. Finally, we determined increases in free intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations, [Ca(2+)]i, by employing Fura-2/AM in rat lymphocytes.RESULTS: The composition of P. glaucum grains in polyphenols was estimated to be 1660 µg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g. Lipids represented 4.5 %, and more than 72% of the fatty acids belonged to unsaturated family. Our investigation showed that both lipid and phenolic compounds inhibited mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation. Compared with phenolic compounds, lipids exerted weaker effects on ERK-1/ERK2 phosphorylation and Ca(2+) signaling in mitogen-activated T-cells.CONCLUSION: We conclude that the immunomodulatory effects of P. glaucum could be contributed by its phenolic and lipid contents.

['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Calcium', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Edible Grain', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Hypolipidemic Agents', 'Lipids', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Pennisetum', 'Plant Extracts', 'Polyphenols', 'Rats', 'Seeds', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocytes']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['D27.505.519.186.071', 'D27.505.954.557.500'], ['D10'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.715', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.777'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

The role of NMR imaging in the assessment of multiple sclerosis and isolated neurological lesions. A quantitative study.

The form and distribution of MRI abnormalities in 114 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) have been compared with observations on 53 apparently healthy individuals, 129 patients with isolated focal neurological lesions with which MS often presents (51 patients with optic neuritis, 44 with isolated brainstem lesions and 34 with isolated spinal cord syndromes) and 105 patients with disorders which may be confused clinically or radiologically with MS. The latter comprised 55 patients with cerebral vascular disease (including 7 cases of dementia with diffuse white matter disease), 24 with degenerative ataxic disorders, 8 with cerebellar tonsillar ectopia, 7 with sarcoidosis and 11 with a variety of other disorders. Periventricular abnormalities were found in all but 2 patients with MS and discrete white matter lesions in all but 12. Characteristically the periventricular changes in MS were irregular in outline. Periventricular abnormalities which were often milder and of smooth outline were seen in 37/55 patients with cerebral vascular disease, 9/24 with cerebellar degeneration, 5/7 with sarcoidosis and in 2/3 apparently healthy individuals over the age of 60. The appearances in the 7 cases of dementia resembled those with advanced MS. Cerebellar and/or brainstem atrophy characteristic of the cerebellar degenerations, in the absence of white matter abnormalities, was helpful in making the distinction from MS. Congenital anomalies and tumours in the region of the brainstem and foramen magnum were readily shown. More than half the patients with symptoms attributable to isolated focal neurological lesions had additional lesions at presentation. MS cannot be diagnosed in these cases at presentation, but repeat scans after 5 to 20 months in 25 patients with optic neuritis and 10 with clinically isolated brainstem lesions have shown new lesions in 7 (20%). The patients with new lesions fulfil the criteria for clinically probable MS (Poser et al., 1983). Measurements of T1 and T2 in vivo permitted the distinction of acute from chronic brainstem lesions. There were quantitative differences in T1 and T2 between the normal appearing white matter in MS and normal brain. Studies of postmortem brains provided convincing evidence that the MRI abnormalities in MS correspond with plaques. Evidence is adduced to support the view that an important source of the abnormal NMR signals in acute lesions is oedema, and in chronic lesions is gliosis; demyelination per se is unlikely to make an important contribution.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Stem', 'Central Nervous System Diseases', 'Cerebellum', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Optic Neuritis', 'Spinal Cord']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['C10.228'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['C23.550.737'], ['C10'], ['C10.292.700.550', 'C11.640.576'], ['A08.186.854']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Enantiomeric separation of methamphetamine and related analogs by capillary zone electrophoresis: intelligence study in routine methamphetamine seizures.

A method for simultaneous enantiomeric separation of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and methamphetamine (MA) in a single run by simple capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector is described. The effects of the buffer pH, phosphate concentration, beta-cyclodextrin concentration, voltage and temperature on the peak resolution were examined. Good enantiomeric resolution was attained for each analyte under our optimized conditions: 15 mM beta-cyclodextrin, 300 mM NaH2PO4 at pH 2.5 with an uncoated capillary (64.5 cm x 50 microm), applied potential at 20 kV and temperature at 30 degrees C. Ultraviolet (UV) detection at a fixed wavelength (200 nm) was employed using a diode array detector. Using phentermine as an internal standard, migration times for all analytes are reproducible within 0.16% for intra-day and 0.6% for inter-day runs. Application of this method to the analysis of confiscated drugs is discussed.

['Cyclodextrins', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Humans', 'Illicit Drugs', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Methamphetamine', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']

[['D04.345.103', 'D09.301.915.400.375', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.878'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.619'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']

Growth in bone strength, body size, and muscle size in a juvenile longitudinal sample.

A longitudinal sample of 20 subjects, measured an average of 34 to 35 times each at approximately 6-month intervals from near birth through late adolescence, was used to investigate relationships between body size, muscle size, and bone structural development. The section modulus, an index of bone strength, was calculated from humeral and femoral diaphyseal breadth measurements obtained from serial radiographs. Muscle breadths of the forearm and thigh, also measured radiographically, were used to estimate muscle cross-sectional areas. Body size was assessed as the product of body weight and bone length (humeral or femoral). Stature was also investigated as a surrogate body size measure. Growth velocity in femoral strength was strongly correlated with growth velocity in body weight. femoral length (r2=0.65-0.80), very poorly correlated with growth velocity in stature (r2<0.06), and weakly but significantly correlated with growth velocity in thigh muscle size (r2=0.10-.25). Growth velocity in humeral strength was moderately correlated with that for body weight x humeral length (r2=0.40-0.73), very poorly correlated with that for stature (r2<0.05), and showed a marked sex difference with forearm muscle area velocity, with males having a stronger correlation (r2 approximately 0.65) and females a much weaker correlation (r2 approximately 0.15). Ages at peak adolescent growth velocity were nonsignificantly different between bone strength, body weight x bone length, and muscle area, but significantly earlier for stature. Thus, while there was an early adolescent "lag" between stature and bone strength, there was no such "lag" between a more mechanically appropriate measure of body size and bone strength. "Infancy peaks" in bone strength velocities, earlier in the humerus than in the femur and not paralleled by similar changes in body size, may be the result of the initiation of walking, when mechanical loads relative to body size are changing in both the upper and lower limbs. These results argue strongly for the importance of mechanical factors in the development of the preadult skeleton. Body size is the most important element in the weight-bearing lower limb skeleton, while both body size and muscle strength are important in the upper limb, especially in males.

['Adolescent', 'Body Constitution', 'Body Weight', 'Bone Development', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Humans', 'Humerus', 'Infant', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Radiography', 'Weight-Bearing']

[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500', 'G11.427.578.050.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G01.374.965']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Behavioral treatment of childhood social phobia.

Sixty-seven children (ages 8 and 12) with social phobia were randomized to either a behavioral treatment program designed to enhance social skills and decrease social anxiety (Social Effectiveness Therapy for Children, SET-C) or an active, but nonspecific intervention (Testbusters). Children treated with SET-C were significantly more improved across multiple dimensions, including enhanced social skill, reduced social fear and anxiety, decreased associated psychopathology, and increased social interaction. Furthermore, 67% of the SET-C group participants did not meet diagnostic criteria for social phobia at posttreatment compared with 5% of those in the Testbusters group. Treatment gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The results are discussed in terms of treatment of preadolescent children with social phobia and the durability of treatment effects.

['Behavior Therapy', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Phobic Disorders', 'Social Behavior', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['F04.754.137'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.080.725'], ['F01.145.813'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']