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Q5413335

European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC is legislation passed by the European Union on the minimum standards for keeping egg laying hens which effectively bans conventional battery cages. The directive, passed in 1999, banned conventional battery cages in the EU from 1 January 2012 after a 13-year phase-out. Battery cages were already banned in Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and Sweden prior to 2012. The directive does not apply to establishments with fewer than 350 laying hens or establishments rearing breeding laying hens. Such establishments are, however, subject to the requirements of Directive 98/58/EC. The directive is not supported with fines, penalties or export bans.As alternatives to battery cages, Directive 1999/74/EC allows non-cage systems and furnished cages. Furnished cages therefore represent a feasible alternative to battery cages in the EU after 2012. Under the directive, furnished cages must provide at least the following: 750 cm² per hen, of which 600 cm² is 45 cm high, a nest, a littered area for scratching and pecking, 15 cm of perch and 12 cm of food trough per hen and a claw shortening device. Austria banned battery cages in 2009 and is set to ban furnished cages by 2020. Belgium has also banned the battery cage – and proposes to ban furnished cages by 2024. Germany has introduced a ‘family cage’, which has more space than the furnished cages used in other countries, however, consumers in Germany have been rejecting these eggs. Outside the EU, Switzerland has already banned both the battery and furnished cage systems.In February 2010, the Polish government formally requested the EU to delay enacting Directive 1999/74/EC by 5 years until 2017, however, this was unsuccessful.According to figures submitted to the European Commission in 2011, 14 countries were expected to be battery cage free by 1 January 2012. However, six states including Portugal, Poland and Romania admitted they would not be ready, while Spain and Italy, among others, did not know or would not say whether they will meet the deadline. In France one third of egg producers have gone out of business and according to figures of the UGPVB (the industry association) 5% of producers were still not compliant as of January 2012 and have had their licences withdrawn. This has led to fears that cheaper, illegal eggs, particularly liquid egg products, from non-compliant states will flood the market undercutting compliant egg producers. John Dalli, the EU health commissioner, has issued legal warnings to 13 countries over their lack of readiness or effort to enforce the ban. The 13 member states already found to be in breach of the directive are: Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Spain, Greece, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and the Netherlands. Compliance beyond January 2012 It is clear that beyond the date of the law coming into effect, many hens are still being housed in battery cages. European Commission figures show that more than 47 million hens are still (January 2012) in conventional battery cages across the EU, representing 14.3% of production, although it has been reported this figure might be as high as 23% of EU egg production – equivalent to 84 million hens laying 70 million eggs a day.15 EU states reported to the EU's Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health that they had non-compliant producers. These states were Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, UK, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Romania. Some of these countries, such as Italy and Belgium, admit to having 30% of illegal production.In the UK, there are approximately 31 million egg laying hens. Over £400 million has been spent to meet the standards. In January 2012, reports stated that figures from the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) indicate 423,000 hens on 32 farms in the UK were still being housed in battery cages. This represents a non-compliance rate of 1%.

8463662221305266804

Q3528244

Aakash Chopra Early years As an opening batsman, Chopra started his cricketing career with the Sonnet Cricket Club in Delhi. Currently he is a commentator. International Chopra made his Test debut in Ahmedabad against New Zealand in late 2003 as India sought to find an opening partner for his Delhi teammate Virender Sehwag. Chopra's international career started well, scoring two half-centuries against New Zealand during 2003/04 in the second Test in Mohali. On the 2003–04 tour to Australia, he featured in many solid partnerships with Virender Sehwag, including two century opening partnerships in Melbourne and Sydney. Chopra's work in seeing off the new ball saw him credited with the large scores that India accumulated in that series when middle-order batsmen Rahul Dravid, V. V. S. Laxman, Sachin Tendulkar and Sourav Ganguly regularly compiled large centuries.On the subsequent tour to Pakistan, he compiled another century stand with Virender Sehwag as India posted more than 600 runs in the first innings to set up a heavy innings defeat of arch-rivals Pakistan in the first Test in Multan. However, in the second Test, the Indian batsmen failed in a losing effort, apart from a century from Yuvraj Singh, who played in place of the injured captain Sourav Ganguly. When Ganguly returned for the final Test, Chopra was axed and Yuvraj was retained.Chopra was reintroduced as Sehwag's partner in the 2004 Border-Gavaskar Trophy after Tendulkar was injured for the First Test in Bangalore. However, a heavy loss saw Chopra axed for the following match in Chennai upon Tendulkar's return, with Yuvraj elevated to opening the innings. Yuvraj also struggled, and Chopra was recalled for the Third Test in Nagpur. However, a double failure by Chopra, as Australia won a series in India for the first time in 35 years, saw him dropped for the last time, after his career average gradually decreased, however, from 46.25 to only 23. Chopra was replaced by Delhi teammate Gautam Gambhir, and was overtaken by Gambhir and Wasim Jaffer in the race to partner Sehwag in the Test side. Due to his low scoring rate, he was not considered for One Day Internationals. IPL He played for Kolkata Knight Riders in IPL 1, IPL 2, but was sent back to India as he was deemed unfit for T-20 matches played in IPL 2. In IPL 4 he had been signed by Rajasthan Royals. Domestic In September 2008, Aakash played for Delhi in the Nissar Trophy against SNGPL (winners of Quaid-i-Azam Trophy from Pakistan) and scored 4 and 197 for Delhi. The match was drawn but SNGPL won the trophy on first-innings lead. After representing Delhi for a long time, Chopra joined Rajasthan as a guest player in Ranji Plate division. He helped Rajasthan to become the first Plate division team to win the Ranji Trophy followed by another Ranji trophy win in 2010–2011 season. He has won three Ranji titles in total---one with Delhi and two with Rajasthan. He's one of the few Indian cricketers who have scored over 8,000 First-Class runs. Media His columns regularly appear in Mid-Day and on Cricinfo. He is currently with Star Sports, Sony and Sony Espn as a cricket commentator and analyst. He was also a commentator for the 7 network with its coverage of the 2018/19 Australia v India test series.In 2009 Chopra released Beyond the Blues: A First-Class Season Like No Other, a diary of Chopra's 2007–08 domestic season. It was published by Harper Collins. It was critically acclaimed and Suresh Menon of Cricinfo wrote that it was "the best book written by an Indian Test cricketer". In November 2011, his second book was published by Harper Collins titled Out of the Blue, about Rajasthan's victory in the Ranji Trophy. He went on to write two more books—The Insider with Espn Cricinfo in 2015 and Numbers Do Lie with Impact Index in 2017. Harper Collins has published all his work thus far.

16324519946825092274

Q755927

St. Charles, Maryland History Planning for St. Charles was started in 1965 by St. Charles City, Inc. That developer sold the undeveloped land in 1968 to Interstate General Co. (now known as American Community Properties Trust). According to the developer, it is halfway through completion as outlined in its master plan.When completed, St. Charles will comprise five villages — Smallwood and Westlake, which have been completed; Fairway, which is under development; and Piney Reach and Wooded Glen, which remain undeveloped. Each village has three to four neighborhoods. Residents in St. Charles have access to a variety of community amenities, including walking paths, swimming pools, scenic lakes, playgrounds and neighborhood centers. Many residents commute out of the County to work, including military residents who are stationed at Andrews Air Force Base, Bolling AFB, Patuxent River NAS, or the Pentagon. Many civilian residents are federal employees. St. Charles Town Center is a 1,200,000-square-foot (110,000 m²) 2-level regional shopping mall serving residents of a large four-county area. It opened in 1988 and was remodeled in 2007.Many sections of St. Charles are still in development, including a retirement community for persons 60 years and older, and several themed restaurants west of U.S. Route 301. Hampshire, Lancaster, Dorchester, Sheffield, Heritage, Bannister, Wakefield, Huntington and Carrington are the already existing neighborhoods of St. Charles. In 2008, St. Charles Parkway was connected with Rosewick Road, providing a new alternative route to the county seat La Plata. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 11.9 square miles (31 km²), of which, 11.8 square miles (31 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km²) of it (1.09%) is water. Surrounding places Waldorf, Maryland (north), Bennsville, Maryland (west), La Plata, Maryland (south, but not adjacent) Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 33,379 people, 11,567 households, and 8,628 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,829.3 people per square mile (1,092.2/km²). There were 12,064 housing units at an average density of 1,022.6 per square mile (394.7/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP is in flux. As of the 2000 census, the racial makeup was 64.27% White, 28.67% African American, 0.70% Native American, 2.41% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 1.05% from other races, and 2.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.34% of the population.There were 11,567 households out of which 46.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were married couples living together, 19.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.25.In the CDP, the population was spread out with 31.7% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 36.1% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males.The median income for a household in the CDP was $56,992, and the median income for a family was $60,434. Males had a median income of $41,210 versus $32,024 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,669. About 4.4% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over.

16536791183529067883

Q12301770

Anna Petersen Biography Petersen was born on 20 February 1845 in Copenhagen. She grew up in comfortable circumstances and was afforded what was then, for a woman, the rare opportunity to train as a painter. Kasper Monrad, a senior research curator at Statens Museum for Kunst, believes that there are few Danish female artists known from Petersen's time because it was difficult for them to gain access to the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts; it would have been inappropriate for them to paint male nudes and socially acceptable subjects were limited, with still life, particularly flowers, seen as most appropriate.Petersen began her training in Copenhagen at the Tegneskolen for Kvinder (Design School for Women) and later went to France where she was apprenticed to Jean-Jacques Henner in Paris. Henner believed she showed promise as an artist. She returned to Copenhagen and in 1890 she studied at Kunstskole for Kvinder (Women's Art School) which had been newly established by the Academy of Fine Arts in 1888.Petersen initially focused mainly on figure painting with some portraiture, but slowly developed her interest in genre art; her works depicting common people at home or in church are among her most successful. In her time, Petersen was acknowledged for her strong sense of realism. Stylistically her work is reminiscent of Hans Smidth, L. A. Ring and Niels Bjerre, but her approach to her subject matter is completely different, and her composition recalls that of the German artist Fritz von Uhde. In 1889, she took a trip with Jens Ferdinand Willumsen to Spain where she produced the highly praised Kloster i Granada (Convent in Granada) and a number of good sketches.In 1883 she made her debut at Charlottenborg Forårsudstilling (Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition), and she exhibited there again several times until 1910. During the 1880s she exhibited her works abroad several times Anna Petersen exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. She also exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1889, where she met up with Willumsen and other Nordic artists including a large contingent from the Skagen Painters.Petersen began to doubt her abilities and slowly lost the courage to exhibit; at the same time, her work fell out of fashion and no museums were interested in buying her work during her lifetime. The first major purchase of her work was in 1991 when the Hirschsprung Collection acquired Under gudstjenesten (1890). She visited Skagen in 1889 and made several trips to Italy during the 1900s.Petersen died on 6 October 1910 in Copenhagen and is buried in Assistens Cemetery. Works Petersen's 1884 painting Breton girl looking after plants in a hothouse (Danish: Bretagne-pige ordner planter i et drivhus) takes a subject that was traditionally thought appropriate for women to paint: plants, and subverts it so that the focus becomes the Breton girl that is tending them. There are hints of an underlying darkness in the picture; the overturned pot among the hothouse plants is a motif of death and the girl appears both vital and tightly constrained; this may just be because she has been posed as a model but it has been suggested that the sense of restrained energy indicates her powerful inner life has swept away her focus from her everyday tasks.Her painting En Aften Hos Veninde. Ved Lampelys (An Evening with Girlfriends. By Lamplight) from 1891 has drawn attention because an investigation by the Hirschsprung Collection after it acquired the picture revealed that the women were all contemporary artists, the Danish painters Marie Krøyer and Bertha Wegmann and the Swedish painter Jeanna Bauck are sat listening to the Danish violinist Frida Schytte. The discovery that Petersen had gathered together these Scandinavian pioneers for the movement for women's right to express themselves in the arts imbued the painting with a certain emblematic quality. The Hirschsprung Collection held a small exhibition in 2009 focusing on Petersen's work, which up to that point, had largely been forgotten, and included the picture again in a 2015 exhibition of the work of seven female artists held celebrate the centenary of the introduction of women's suffrage in Denmark. Claus Grymer, writing for Kristeligt Dagblad in a review of the 2012 "Masterpieces of the Hirschsprung Collection" exhibition at the Ribe Kunstmuseum noted that the painting showed a certain ambiguity; it is not clear if the women are intent on the music or lost in their own thoughts.Petersen produced only one known piece of sculpture, a monument for her parents' grave in Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen; it is possible that she was taught to sculpt by Willumsen or another friend, Carl Johan Bonnesen.

16677251903051429063

Q4829406

Avraham Jacobovitz Rabbi Avraham Jacobovitz (1952) is an Israeli-born Charedi rabbi, who founded Machon L'Torah and Jewish Awareness America (JAAM), to educate Jewish college students about Jewish heritage and values. Early life Born in 1952 in Tel Aviv to Hagaon Rav Yehuda Jacobovitz זצ"ל and Mrs. Sheina Dvora תלח"ט, the young Avraham Jacobovitz studied in the Slabodka yeshiva of Bnei Brak, under the tutelage of Hagaon Rav Mordechai Shulman זצ"ל.At the age of seventeen, his family moved to Brooklyn, where his father gave the semicha shiur in the Mirrer Yeshiva.A few years later, R' Avraham married Bayla, a daughter of the famed mohel Hagaon Rav Moshe Bunim Pirutinsky זצ"ל. Learning in Kollel After spending a few years in the Mirrer kollel, the young couple moved to Detroit, where Rabbi Jacobovitz studied in the Kollel Institute of Greater Detroit.It was in Detroit where the Rosh Kollel Rabbi Moshe Schwab זצ"ל encouraged Rabbi Jacobovitz to enter the kiruv world. Career of Kiruv Starting with shiurim in the Kollel's basement, in the summer of 1980, Rabbi J. (as he is affectionately known) founded Machon L'Torah, the Jewish Learning Network of Michigan.Throughout the years, Machon flourished to be a world-class kiruv organization, where Rabbi Jacobovitz lectured to college students throughout Michigan, primarily at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and Michigan State University in Lansing. As a result, hundreds have found their faith, and became baalei teshuva. He has also become an expert on the topic of intermarriage, and has authored a book titled Perfect Strangers: Redefining Intermarriage.Machon also had a weekly Shabbos minyan, which started in Rabbi Jacobovitz's private basement. Following Mussaf, Rabbi Jacobovitz teaches a few halachos from the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch.In the summer of 1988, Machon purchased its own building in Oak Park, Michigan, and the minyan moved there. A Sunday morning 9:00 AM Shacharis was added in the new building. (Prior to the purchase of the new building, Machon held its Sunday morning minyan at Rav Leizer Levin זצ"ל's shul, "Beth Tefilo Emanuel Tikvah" in Southfield.)In 2001, Rabbi Jacobovitz founded Jewish Awareness America (JAAM), whose aim is to produce knowledgeable future Jewish leaders who will help out assimilated college students.In 2004, Rabbi Jacobovitz launched the Yeshivalite program project, a uniquely designed Yeshiva for individuals who desire to gain learning skills and experience the Yeshiva life in a warm environment with caring, focused, and high caliber staff. It is specifically tailored for those with a limited time period in which to accomplish the above. After its initial extraordinary success in the summer of 2005, this project offers more options and a further improved curriculum.In 2010, Rabbi Jacobovitz announced that his family will be making Aliyah (moving to Israel) in the summer, to continue his kiruv efforts in Eretz Yisrael. Rabbi Jacobovitz currently lives in Ramat Bet Shemesh and is active in giving classes there.Rabbi Jacobovitz is known for his unique take on classic Jewish tunes, as well as for coining the phrase "Hoidu LaHashem Ki Toiv" (הודו לה' כי טוב) as a substitute for the familiar "Baruch Hashem" reply to questions such as "How are you?".

10973169170392235914

Q5040404

Carl Julian Sanders Birth and Family Carl was born 18 May 1912 in Star, North Carolina. He married Eleanor Lupo in 1935, with whom he had two daughters, Lundi Martin and Eleanor Kasler. He had three grandchildren: Karen Kasler Wheeler, Kristen Kasler Peters and Kathleen Kasler O'Keefe. Eleanor died in 1995. Carl married Billie Jo Perry in 1997. Education Carl earned the B.A. degree in 1933 from Wofford College. He then earned the B.D. degree in 1936 from Candler School of Theology. Ordained ministry The Rev. Carl Julian Sanders entered the Upper South Carolina Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South in 1934. In 1935 he transferred to, and in 1938 was ordained an Elder in the Virginia Annual Conference. He served a variety of local church appointments through 1955. He then served (1955-71) as District Superintendent of three Districts in succession: Petersburg, Richmond, and Norfolk.The Rev. Sanders served as a delegate to U.M. General and Jurisdictional Conferences between 1960-72. He also was an accredited visitor to the first World Council of Churches assembly in Amsterdam in 1948. Episcopal ministry The Rev. Carl Julian Sanders was elected to the Episcopacy in 1972 by the Southeastern Jurisdictional Conference of the United Methodist Church. He was assigned the Birmingham episcopal area, consisting of the State of Alabama and the northwest panhandle of Florida (the Alabama-West Florida and North Alabama Annual Conferences). He served there for eight years before retiring in 1980.During his episcopacy he led the Alabama-West Florida Conference in financial campaigns for Huntingdon College and for Ministerial Pensions, and led the North Alabama Conference in financial campaigns for Birmingham-Southern College as well as Ministerial Pensions. He was the co-founder of the Alabama-West Florida U.M. Foundation in 1979, which at his death had accumulated assets of over $40 million.Bishop Sanders served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees at Carraway Methodist Medical Center, member of the Board of Trustees of Athens College (now Athens State University), Birmingham-Southern and Huntingdon Colleges, too. Bishop Sanders also served as a Vice President of the U.M. General Board of Global Ministries (1972–76), and as President of the United Methodist Committee on Relief. He was also a member of the U.M. General Board of Higher Education and Ministry, and of the Division of Chaplains. Preacher and traveler Bishop Sanders traveled extensively, visiting refugee camps and mission work in Africa, Asia and Europe, as well as a frequent visitor to the Middle East and the Far East. He was the Co-Founder of the Jerusalem Center for Biblical Studies for Educational Opportunities, Inc. of Lakeland, Florida, also serving on its Board of Directors (1976-2000). He served as a Lecturer for Educational Opportunities in England, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Alaska, and Jerusalem.Bishop Sanders was also known as one of the greatest preachers in Methodism. He was awarded three Freedom Foundation Awards for his sermons: "One Nation Under God" in 1962, "Independence and Beyond" in 1977, and "In God We Trust - Do We or Don't We" in 1987. In 1980 he was chosen to give the opening sermon for the United Methodist General Conference. The same year he was chosen to deliver the sermon for the Consecration Service for newly elected Bishops at the Southeastern Jurisdictional Conference. Death and Burial Bishop Carl Julian Sanders died 7 March 2007 at Fairhaven Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama after a brief illness. He was 94. He was survived by his wife; his two daughters, Lundi Martin and Eleanor Kasler; two stepdaughters, Elizabeth Perry and Judith Shipp; three grandchildren and three great-grandchildren; and one brother, Charles Sanders.Bishop Sanders' funeral was held on 12 March 2007 at the Trinity U.M. Church, 903 Forest Ave., Richmond, Virginia. He was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery in Richmond. A memorial service was held on 15 March 2007 at the First U. M. Church, 2416 W. Cloverdale Park, Montgomery, Alabama.

1812152668972699282

Q14424449

Dolichovespula arenaria Taxonomy and phylogeny The genus Dolichovespula is in the family Vespidae. In North America, the genus is referred to as yellowjackets. Within the genus, there are eighteen species, including D. arenaria and other species such as D. albida, D. alpicola, Dolichovespula saxonica, and D. maculata. Description and identification D. arenaria can be identified by the medially interrupted or incised apical fasciae of terga 1 and 2. They are yellow in color and can be differentiated by the other yellow-colored wasps, D. adulterina, in its genus by the lack of black markings in the ocular sinus.In the majority of the population, the ocular sinus is yellow, but some melanic males have a black area that reaches the lower margin of the sinus. The queen has large black discal spots on terga 4 and 5, and smaller ones on terga 2 and 3.Males can be identified by the larger antenna, spots on their basal band on terga 4 and 5 as well as an abdomen that ends with a flat "fuzzy butt" instead of a pointed stinger. Nest size ranges from 1-6 combs, and are made out of dull grey paper. However, color variations do occasionally occur due to available materials. Distribution and habitat The common aerial yellowjacket lives across Canada and the United States. They occur from north central Alaska to as far south as New Mexico and Arizona. D. arenaria are in fact one of the most common aerial yellowjackets found in eastern North America, and nests can be found in arboreal to subterranean habitats. Their nests are made from paper-like material and are usually found in trees and shrubs. In urban settings, their nests are frequently found on buildings. Colony cycle A queen initiates a colony in the spring by choosing a site and building a small paper nest where it lays its eggs. Then, the eggs hatch from the brood cell and the queen feeds the larvae. These larvae eventually become workers and the colony continues to grow and peaks in the summer. The workers are morphologically distinct from the queen. The single queen heads the annual nests by producing workers In the Dolichovespula genus, male (drone) production by workers is common and there exists high worker relatedness due to low effective paternity within nests. In general, these colonies flourish for roughly a year before they dwindle as the winter sets in. Predators Because yellow hornets generally locate their nests high in trees, their primary predators are fairly limited to birds and occasionally other hornets. Also, many mammals will take the opportunity to go after an ill-placed nest in order to eat the nutrient-rich larva. These would include skunks, possums, raccoons, bears and other opportunistic critters. Diet Dolichovespula arenaria workers are known to mostly prey on live arthropods of a wide variety such as grasshoppers, crickets, caterpillars, spiders, flies, lacewings, and even lady beetles (which are generally avoided by Vespula species). They also prey on larvae of the fall webworm, as well as young hummingbirds. In general, they are not attracted to protein baits. Occasionally, however, Dolichovespula may feed on animal carcasses— such feeding has been observed on carcasses of a dog, pig, and snake. They are commonly seen to prey in higher trees (2–4 m). Defense In general, it has been observed that smaller colonies are less aggressive than larger ones. There are differing observations of the D. arenaria’s personality, one stating that they are quarrelsome and then other arguing that they are not. But this difference may lie in the fact that the first observation was observing the behavior when approaching a D. arenaria nest, whereas the other was describing the behavior of workers away from their nest individually. Smaller colonies’ colony defense behavior is said to be unpredictable and erratic. Venom spraying Unique to D. arenaria is the observed spraying of venom out of their sting that has been seen from workers in large colonies. The "spray sting type," the term given to the venom ejecting mechanism of these wasps, involves the contraction of the venom reservoir muscles. This venom spraying mechanism is said to allow for a greater release of alarm pheromone in the venom. The alarm pheromone is key to elicit the attack behavior of yellowjackets. Parasites There are two common parasites of D. arenaria nests—Sphecophaga vesparum burra, an ichneumonid, and D. artcica, a vespid social parasite.Female bee moths (Aphomia sociella) have also been known to lay their eggs in D. arenaria nests. The hatched larvae will then proceed to feed on the eggs, larvae, and pupae left unprotected by the yellowjacket, sometimes destroying large parts of the nest as they tunnel throughout looking for food. Sphecophaga vesparum burra The rates of Sphecophaga vesparum burra parasitism are low and their existence within the nest doesn’t appear to hinder colony development. In this aspect D. arenaria are unique among Dolichovespula studied. Dolichovespula arctica D. arctica are not well known. These common wasps rely on new nests to rear offspring since they do not have their own worker caste. The parasite kills the foundress queen before the production of her workers is complete and takes over the nest. The lifespan of the parasite after the host queen's death is limited.

4427767627250088088

Q2315780

Upham, North Dakota Geography Upham is located at 48°34′52″N 100°43′37″W (48.581211, -100.727082).According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.33 square miles (0.85 km²), all of it land. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 130 people, 67 households, and 36 families residing in the city. The population density was 393.9 inhabitants per square mile (152.1/km²). There were 112 housing units at an average density of 339.4 per square mile (131.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.2% White, 0.8% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.8% Asian, and 1.5% from two or more races.There were 67 households of which 20.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.3% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 9.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.3% were non-families. 40.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.56.The median age in the city was 47 years. 18.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23% were from 25 to 44; 33.9% were from 45 to 64; and 18.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.4% male and 44.6% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 155 people, 81 households, and 40 families residing in the city. The population density was 479.4 people per square mile (187.0/km²). There were 120 housing units at an average density of 371.1 per square mile (144.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.71% White, and 1.29% from two or more races.There were 81 households out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.6% were non-families. 48.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 28.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91 and the average family size was 2.78.In the city, the population was spread out with 20.0% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 28.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.The median income for a household in the city was $21,250, and the median income for a family was $31,458. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,187. About 15.1% of families and 24.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 29.5% of those sixty five or over. Climate This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Upham has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

2610227075751062266

Q5308721

No. 7 Squadron RAF Formation and early years No. 7 Squadron was formed at Farnborough Airfield on 1 May 1914 as the last squadron of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) to be formed before the First World War, but has been disbanded and reformed several times since, the first being after only three months of existence, the latter as early as 28 September 1914. The squadron spent most of the First World War in observation and interception roles and was responsible for the first ever interception of an enemy aircraft over Britain. It deployed to France in April 1915, flying Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.5s for reconnaissance and Vickers Gunbuses as escort fighters. Captain John Aidan Liddell of 7 Squadron won the Victoria Cross for his actions on 31 July 1915, when he continued his reconnaissance mission over Belgium after the aircraft was hit by ground fire, the aircraft being badly damaged and Liddell suffering a broken thigh. Although he successfully recovered the R.E.5 to allied lines, saving his observer, he died of his wounds a month later.The squadron re-equipped with B.E.2s in 1916, which it used for both bombing and reconnaissance during the Battle of the Somme that year. The B.E.2s were replaced by R.E.8s in July 1917, continuing in the reconnaissance role for the rest of the war, operating over Ypres in the summer and autumn of 1917 and in support of Belgium forces in the closing months of the war. It disbanded at the end of 1919. To Bomber Command It re-formed at RAF Bircham Newton on 1 June 1923 with the Vickers Vimy as a night heavy bomber squadron, continuing in this role with a succession of types through the inter-war period. It started to receive the Vickers Virginia bomber on 22 May 1924, being the first RAF Squadron to operate Virginias, although it did not dispose of the last of its Vimys until April 1927. In 1927 it moved to RAF Worthy Down, commanded by Charles Portal, later to become Chief of the Air Staff during the Second World War. In 1932, Frederick Higginson, who became a fighter ace in the Second World War, was assigned as a mechanic-gunner to the squadron.The squadron gained a reputation as being one of the leading RAF heavy bomber squadrons, winning the Lawrence Minot Memorial Bombing Trophy six times between 1927 and 1933 and shared in 1934 with 54 Squadron in 1934, achieving an average bombing error of 40 yards (37 m). By this time, the elderly Virginia was obsolete, and in April 1935 they were replaced by the more modern Handley Page Heyford, which it won the Lawrence Minot trophy yet again in 1935. Part of the squadron was split off in October 1935 to form No. 102 Squadron, while the remainder moved to RAF Finningley in September 1936. In April 1937 the squadron received four Vickers Wellesleys to equip a flight which was again split off to form 76 Squadron.In March 1938 it replaced its Heyford biplanes with Armstrong Whitworth Whitley monoplanes. It re-equipped again in April 1939, with Handley Page Hampdens bombers replacing the Whitleys. In June 1939 it became a training unit, preparing crews for the Hampden equipped 5 Group. Second World War On the outbreak of the Second World War, it continued to be used for training bomber crews, disbanding on 4 April 1940 when it merged with 76 Squadron to form No. 16 OTU. On 1 August 1940 it reformed, becoming the first squadron to equip with the new Short Stirling heavy bomber, the first RAF squadron to operate four engined bombers during the Second World War, flying the first bombing raids with the Stirling against oil storage tanks near Rotterdam on the night of 10/11 February 1941. It flew on the 1000 bomber raids to Cologne, Essen and Bremen in May and June 1942. It was transferred to the Pathfinder Force in August 1942, with the job of finding and marking targets for the Main Force of Bomber Command bombers. It re-equipped with the Avro Lancaster from 11 May 1943, flying its first mission with the Lancaster on 12 July 1943. It continued in the Pathfinder role until the end of the war in Europe. It flew its last bomber mission on 25 April 1945 against Wangerooge, and dropped food to starving civilians in the Netherlands in May. While it was planned to fly 7 Squadron out to the Far East to join Tiger Force for air attacks against Japan, the war ended before the squadron was due to move.The squadron carried out 5,060 operational sorties with the loss of 165 aircraft. Post-war After World War II it was equipped with Avro Lincoln bombers, an update of the Lancaster. Based at RAF Upwood, the Lincoln was for several years the front line cold war bomber aircraft. It was used in the Malayan emergency, the Middle East, the Trucial States (the Emirates) and then Aden. The squadron disbanded on 2 January 1956 before reforming with the Vickers Valiant at RAF Honington in Suffolk in December that year, flying them in the Strategic Bomber role until disbanding in 1962. 7 Squadron was eventually reformed in 1970, this time as a target squadron flying the English Electric Canberra until January 1982.The squadron quickly reformed in the Support Helicopter role, receiving Chinooks HC.1s in September 1982. The Chinook HC.2, equivalent to the US Army CH-47D standard, began to enter RAF service in 1993. Following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, 7 Squadron took part in the UK's deployment to the Gulf in 1991.On 2 June 1994, a 7 Squadron Chinook HC.2 (ZD576) crashed into the Mull of Kintyre while carrying 25 senior members of the British security forces from RAF Aldergrove, Belfast to Inverness. All passengers and the four crew were killed. In April 2001, 7 Squadron RAF became part of the Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing (JSFAW) with a role to support the United Kingdom Special Forces. On 19 August 2009, a Chinook made an emergency landing in Afghanistan after being hit by a rocket-propelled grenade (RPG).

2450362056608363784

Q5634911

HMS Wasp (1800) Capture Guêpe was a brig built at Bordeaux in 1798 that operated against British shipping in the Atlantic. On 29 August 1800 the vessels of the British blockading squadron, which was under the command of Sir John Warren, sent their boats into the harbour at Vigo to attack and cut her out. The boarding party went in and, after a 15-minute fight, captured Guêpe; they then towed her out. She had a flush deck and was pierced for 20 guns but carried eighteen 9-pounders. She and her crew of 161 men were under the command of Citizen Dupan. In the attack she lost 25 men killed, including Dupan, and 40 wounded. British casualties amounted to four killed, 23 wounded and one missing. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "29 Aug. Boat Service 1800" to all surviving claimants from the action.A prize crew took Guêpe back to Portsmouth where the Admiralty fitted her out between October 1800 and August 1801. During this time she was re-rigged. British career Now named HMS Wasp she was commissioned in July 1801 under Commander Charles Bullen, and sent to Sierra Leone at the end of the year. At Freetown, Bullen landed guns and sailors to reinforce soldiers and militias composed of free blacks resettled from Nova Scotia and Jamaica (the Maroons), who were engaged in a campaign against the local Temne people. After the Temne signed a peace treaty in December and the situation had settled down, in March 1802 Wasp sailed from Sierra Leone. She sailed to the West Indies where she was paid off in July. Wasp recommissioned again in May 1803 under Commander Frederick Whitworth Aylmer, and on 19 July that year captured the privateer Despoir. Despoir was a lugger, pierced for 10 guns but only mounting two. She had a crew of 28 men under the command of Jean Delaballe. She was three days out of Hodierne and had made no captures. At the time Seahorse was in company with Wasp. Aylmer sailed to the Mediterranean in June 1804. In August Wasp captured a Spanish lugger and sloop. The French privateer Venus recaptured these vessels, only to be herself captured by several East Indiamen, notably Eliza Ann. Venus had five crewmen from Wasp on board as prisoners. On 12 and 16 January 1805, Wasp, under Alymer, captured the Spanish brigs Minerva and Carmen, and their cargoes. About two weeks later, on 21 February, Wasp captured the Spanish ship Victoria, and her cargo.Aylmer was succeeded by Lieutenant Joseph Packwood in an acting capacity, and he by Commander John Simpson, also in 1805. Wasp was with Sir John Orde's squadron patrolling off Cadiz, and had a narrow escape from a French squadron in August 1805.The slave ship Lancaster, Robinson, master, was sailing from Africa to the West Indies when on 30 November a French privateer captured her. Wasp recaptured Lancaster and sent her into Barbados. Lancaster had had four men killed and nine wounded when she was captured.On 12 December, Boadicea, Arethusa and Wasp left Cork, escorting a convoy of 23 merchant vessels. Four days later the convoy encountered a French squadron consisting of five ships of the line and four sailing frigates, as well as nine other vessels that were too far away for assessment. The letter writer to the Naval Chronicle surmised that the distant vessels were the Africa squadron that Lark had escorted and that the French had captured. On this occasion, the British warships and six merchant vessels went one way and the rest went another way. The French chased the warships and the six for a day, ignored the 17, and eventually gave up their pursuit. Boadicea then shadowed the French while Wasp went back to French and Spanish coasts to alert the British warships there. Arethusa and her six charges encountered the French squadron again the next day, but after a desultory pursuit the French sailed off.Lieutenant Buckland Sterling Bluett of Scorpion received promotion to Commander and took over command of Wasp in 1806. He then sailed to the Leeward Islands. On 24 May she came across the former British cutter HMS Dominica, which had been taken by mutineers four days earlier and delivered to the French, who had immediately commissioned her under the name Napoléon and sent her out to capture some merchant vessels at Roseau. Wasp retook the cutter, which had on board 73 men under the command of Vincent Gautier, two of whom were killed before she surrendered. Napoléon had been in company with the French naval schooner Impériale. That evening the packet ship Duke of Montrose engaged Impériale, which enabled Cygnet, which had been in company with Wasp, to come up. As Cygnet arrived, Impériale surrendered to Duke of Montrose. The Royal Navy took Impériale into service as HMS Vigilant.In 1807 Commander William Parkinson took command of Wasp. She returned to Britain later that year under the command of Commander John Haswell. Fate Wasp was laid up at Deptford in May 1809. She was offered for sale on 13 December 1810, and was sold there on 17 May 1811.

1525186075467844642

Q870918

SpVgg Bad Homburg History The club was formed as SC Germania 05 Homburg on 20 August 1905 and the club's early history is one of frequent mergers and name changes. In 1906 it was renamed to FC Germania 05 Homburg and, in 1911, it merged with FC 1908 Kirdorf to form Homburger SpVgg 08. The following year another merger, now with FC Phönix 08 Bad Homburg, saw the club renamed to Homburger FV 05. Yet another set of mergers, with Sportclub 1920 Homburg and Homburger Hockeyclub saw it renamed to Homburger Sport-Verein 05, a name it retained when it merged with Vorwärts Homburg in 1930. In 1937 the club merged with Reichsbahn-TuSV 1930 Bad Homburg, a club associated with the German railway, and became Reichsbahn SV 05 Bad Homburg, soon after to be changed to Reichsbahn SG 05 Bad Homburg. It was under this name that it experienced its greatest pre-1945 success, reaching the promotion round to the tier one Gauliga Hessen in 1941.The railways club was disbanded after the end of the Second World War and Freie-Sportgemeinschaft Bad Homburg was formed which became the SpVgg 05 Bad Homburg on 1 February 1946. The club became a founding member of the tier three Amateurliga Hessen in 1950 but lasted for only one season before being relegated again. It returned to this level in 1952 for a spell of nine seasons until 1961. It won the league in 1955 which entitled it to participate in the German amateur football championship for the first time. SpVgg went all the way to the final, where it lost to Sportfreunde Siegen 0–5 in front of 15,000 spectators. The club continued to achieve good results in the Amateurliga, coming second in 1958 but was relegated again in 1961.SpVgg returned to the Amateurliga in 1965 for a five-season spell until 1970 that saw limited success. It made its third return to this league in 1972, now as a much stronger side again, finishing runners-up in its first two seasons back. In 1973 it also played in the German amateur championship again and won the competition courtesy to a 1–0 victory over the reserve team of 1. FC Kaiserslautern. The club qualified for the first round of the 1977–78 DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, but lost 1–2 to FC 08 Homburg. SpVgg remained in the league in 1978 when it was renamed to Amateur-Oberliga Hessen but was relegated in 1979. It continued its yo-yo existence, returning to the league in 1980, relegated again in 1983 and promoted once more in 1987.SpVgg Bad Homburg's next spell in the league began in 1987 when it played six more seasons in Hesse's highest league. The club finished runners-up in the league on three occasions when a championship would have meant the right to play in the promotion round to the 2. Bundesliga. Instead it qualified for the German amateur championship, a consolation price, and reached the final twice more, in 1989 and 1992. In 1989 SpVgg lost to Eintracht Trier on penalties, in 1992 to Rot-Weiß Essen after extra time. It qualified for the German Cup for a second time, losing 1–5 to Eintracht Braunschweig in the second round of the 1992–93 edition. The latter two marked the end of the club's successful years, being relegated from the league the following season, in 1993.SpVgg made one more return to the league, now renamed Oberliga Hessen, in 1998 but lasted for only 16 games before having to withdraw after declaring insolvency. On 26 June 1999 the club was disbanded.A new club, the SC 99 Bad Homburg was formed on 14 May 1999 with the primary intend of continuing on the youth teams of the insolvent club. A senior side was formed in 2001 with the help of former Bundesliga player Ralf Haub. On 10 May 2007 the club was renamed SpVgg 05/99 Bad Homburg to attract more interest in Bad Homburg by adopting the name of well-known Spielvereinigung. The club continued to play in the mid tiers of amateur football in Hesse. In 2012 it merged with FC Bomber Bad Homburg, a club with a strong youth program but no senior side, to form the current SpVgg 05/99 Bomber Bad Homburg.

17450086026278671323

Q19891597

Goa Marathon The Goa Marathon is an annual event, now in its fourth year (as of 2015). In its 2015 edition, organisers said more than 3000 participants ran to help raise funds. The Marathon currently features four races—the 21 kilometre Half Marathon, 10 Kilometre Run, 5 kilometre Dream Run and the School Run for children under 14 and 16 years of age. The 10K Run and the School Run, first started in 2014, are the most popular.The run is held in Panjim (Panaji), the state-capital of Goa in India, and is flagged off from the Campal Indoor Complex, on the banks of the River Mandovi. The different runs wend their way through town, and beyond in some cases, starting before dawn.The first edition of the Goa Marathon was organised in 2012 by students, Sahil Kashyap and Anjali Sharma, of BITS Pilani university along with the El Shaddai Charitable trust, which organizes the event even today. The first edition was held near the campus of BITS Pilani and saw participation not only from the students but also the Indian Army and Indian Navy. 2014 edition In 2014, the Kenyans [ dominated the race, with Emmamual Mnaneat Chamer, topping. He clocked 1:07:29 seconds, beating Daniel Chariot Yangon (1:07:46) who finished second and Issac Kipkeroi third (1:09:42). In the women's section, the Ethiopian Seme Mesdireak Bedila outraced Kenya's Eiladyo J Tarus in the 21-km race by a mere two seconds. India's Milan Sachin Rajput who finished third with a timing of 1:22:05. Winners in 2015 Following are the winners in the 2015 event:Men's Open 21 km: First: Elija Karanja (Ethiopia); Second: Antony Mugho (Ethiopia); Third: Paul Chirihir (Etthipia); Fourth: Godffrey Mbihia (Ethiopia)Fastest Indian: Deepak Kumbha; Fastest Goan: Francisco Clement.Women's Open 21 km: First: Aradhana Reddy (India); Second: Sandra Carvalho (Fastest Goan); Third: Louis Mord (India); Fourth: Shalini Menezes (India); Fifth: Carolin Mulliez (India).Men's Masters 21 km: First: Muhaumad Idris (India); Second: Pandurang Patil (India); Third: B Bhaganna (India)Men's Open 10 km; First: Sarvesh S Joshilkar (India, 00:39:02); Second: Abdul Rahim (India, 00:39:49), Rangeen Kumar (00:39:56), Vikram Singh (00:40:00)Women's Open 10 km: First: Shruti Narayan (India): Second: Hiromi Nishiyama (India)Men's Master 10 km: First: Uday Mahajan (India); Second: Laxman Yadav (India)Women's Master 10 km: First: Alexandra Von Moltke (Foreign); Second: Preeti Prabhudesai (India).School Run: Boys Under 14–3 km: First: Roshan AK (People's High School); Second: Kiran Rathod (Mustifund); Third: Harshdeep Kankonkar (People's).Girls Under 14–2 km: First: Janavi More; Second: Prajakta Gawas; Third: Karishma Shirvoikar.Boys Under 16–4 km: First: Baban Shinde; Second: Teddy D Cardozo; Third: Pradyumn Naik.Girls Under 16–3 km: First: Luanna Fernandes; Second: Sania Nadkarni. Branding In August 2013, it was reported that the Goa tourism department had "zeroed in" on a brand consultant to build a comprehensive "brand strategy for Goa as a tourist destination". The Goa Marathon was one of the four events chosen for this purpose.

12292454347637832175

Q5080058

Charles Lane Poole Early life and education in Europe (1885–1906 Poole was born on 16 August 1885 in Easebourne, Sussex, England, the youngest son of Stanley Lane-Poole, an Egyptologist, and his wife Charlotte. His brother Richard was a senior officer in the Royal Navy. In 1900 his father took up a professorship at Trinity College Dublin, moving the family with him, and Lane Poole began attending school at St Columba's College the next year. He then undertook an engineering course, but dropped out after losing his left hand in a shooting accident. He switched to forestry science, graduating from the French National School of Forestry in 1906. Africa (1906–1916 After Lane Poole's graduation from the French National School of Forestry, the British government sent him to South Africa, where he initially spent a year at the South African Forest School. He began working as a forest officer in Transvaal in May 1907, and was then appointed as District Forest Officer at Woodbush Forest, near Haenertsburg,. He resigned from this position in June 1910, citing disagreement with the government's policies. In November 1910 he was posted as a forest officer to Sierra Leone. While on leave in Dublin in July 1911, he married Ruth (née Pollexfen), an interior designer who later furnished The Lodge and Government House in Canberra, and was a cousin of W. B. Yeats. She stayed in Ireland when he returned to Sierra Leone, where he became the Conservator of Forests and a member of the Legislative Council, among other things establishing the forestry department and setting up the first forest reserves. Western Australia (1916–1921) In 1916, Lane Poole was appointed as Western Australia's Conservator of Forests, and moved to the Perth suburb of Cottesloe with his wife and daughter in their first home together. He formulated the Forests Act (1918), established a new Forests Department, and began long-term planning for sustainable use of timber. In Ludlow, he set up a forestry settlement along with Ludlow Forestry School (1921–1927), the first forestry school in Western Australia. When the Western Australian authorities would not heed his advice, he resigned in protest in 1921. Shortly afterwards, Ruth returned to Ireland with the couple's two daughters. Papua and New Guinea (1921–1925) The Australian timber industry pressured the national government to hire Lane Poole to survey the existing timber resources in Papua, then an Australian territory, and later in New Guinea. He spent three years surveying the Papuan and New Guinea forests, from the lowlands to the highlands; he surveyed the country, measured trees, and collected specimens. Although he did not find the stands of timber that could be harvested on a large scale, his extensive notes on such forest products as resin, oils and nuts helped identify other possible avenues of commercial development. His third and youngest daughter was born while he was in Papua. After the missionary Christian Keyser, he was one of the first Europeans to climb the Saruwaged Massif. Melbourne, Canberra, and later life in Sydney (1925–1970) In 1925 Lane Pool moved with his family to the Melbourne suburb of South Yarra, where he was appointed Forestry Adviser for the Commonwealth, on the recommendation of Western Australian senator George Pearce. In 1927 he was appointed Commonwealth Inspector-General of Forests and Acting Principal of the Australian Forestry School, which he had established and strongly campaigned for. The Lane Pooles move to Canberra in late 1927 and by early 1928 they were living in Yarralumla in Westridge House, the forestry school principal's official residence, which had been designed for them by Harold Desbrowe-Annear with Ruth's input regarding the interiors. The Australian Forestry School, which was later amalgamated into the Australian National University, trained many of Australia's professional foresters. He retired from the Australian Forestry School in 1944 and from the Commonwealth government in 1945, after which he moved to the Sydney suburb of Manly and carried out consulting work. He died on 22 November 1970, aged 87, in Sydney; his body was cremated. Legacy The author Mervyn Millet described his friend and mentor as the father of national forestry in Australia, as its first Inspector-General of Forests and in advancing education on management practices.A large reservation of jarrah forest is named in his honour: the 50,000-hectare (120,000-acre) Lane Pool Reserve is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Perth, and contains the old milling town of Nanga Brook.The species Eucalyptus lane-poolei and Cycas lane-poolei were named in his honour.

7761788439979002428

Q17023266

BeerXML Common applications and examples of usage BeerXML is used in both amateur and professional brewing and facilitates the sharing of brewing data over the internet. Users of different applications such as the open-source software Brewtarget (with more than 52,000 downloads ) can share data via XML with users of popular proprietary software such as Beersmith and ORRTIZ: BMS 4 Breweries or upload their data to share on BeerXML compatible sharing sites and cloud platforms such as Brewtoad (over 50,000 registered users ) or the Beersmith Recipe Cloud (with 43,000 registered users). A user of a recipe design and sharing and creation site such as Brewersfriend.com can import and export BeerXML to and from mobile apps or enter it into a brewing competition database such as The Brew Competition Online Entry & Management (BCOE&M) system.The adoption of BeerXML as a standard is leading to new developments such as ingredients databases which attempt to standardise ingredients definitions and characteristics. Brewers can use platforms like Brewblogger.com to create recipes and log their brewday for publication as a blog and for export to databases and common spreadsheet applications.JavaScript applications such as brauhaus.js (developed from the Malt.io recipe sharing site ) allow users to run them on a local machine or web browser for execution through any standards compliant web browser. Limitations BeerXML 1.0 supports no more than three fermentation steps. While this is not a real world limitation for many brewers, it does introduce a discrepancy where a software tool or web service that allows several or unlimited fermentation steps wishes to implement BeerXML as an import/export mechanism. For example; where a fermentation schedule instruction to pitch at 21 degrees Celsius, allow to drop to 17 over three days and then decrease by 1 degree per day until the wort reaches 10 degrees, hold for 12 days before racking for maturation. This could not be accommodated within the formal structure requiring the use of informal/optional and non machine readable fields.All units are converted to SI units internally. As a result, there is loss of precision when converting non SI units whether they be Imperial, US Customary or metric.Hop oil contributions in the copper are not explicitly supported in the current definition.Farsene levels are not explicitly supported in the current definition.No distinction is made between weight and mass Development The BeerXML standard has a proposed second version which has been mooted and is under development. It has not been validated or published as its feature set is still under discussion. XML Header As in XML, all files begin with a header line as the first line. After the XML header a record set should start (for example<RECIPES>…</RECIPES> or <HOPS> … </HOPS>).Required XML Header Example with Recipes tag:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><RECIPES> …</RECIPES> Tag Names Tag names are always uppercase. For example, "HOP" is acceptable, but "hop" and Hop" are not. Version All records have a required <VERSION> tag that denotes the version of the XML standard. At present, all are set to the integer 1 for this version of the standard. It is intended that future versions of the standard will be backward compatible with older versions, but the VERSION tag allows newer programmes to check for a higher version of the standard or do conversions if required to be backward compatible. Non-Standard Tags As per the XML standard, all non-standard tags should be ignored by the importing programme. This allows programmes to store additional information if desired using their own tags. Any tags not defined as part of this standard may safely be ignored by the importing programme. Optional tags The optional 'Appendix A' adds tags for use in the display of brewing data using XML style sheets or XML compatible report generators. As the tags in the appendix are for display only and may include rounded values and varying units. These appendix tags are intended for display and not for data import.

8915488869236083525

Q7445782

Seeker (Nicholson novel) The Noble Warriors The Noble Warriors, or Nomana, are members of a religious community called the Nom. The Nom was formed by a great warlord, Noman, in order to protect their God, The All and Only. The All and Only has many other names: the Lost Child, the Loving Mother, the Wounded Warrior and the Wise Father. The God lives in the Garden, located on the island of Anacrea, until it is destroyed, when we find that there are multiple gardens.The Noble Warriors do not use weapons or armour; they use only true strength, which is also called Lir. The vow of the noble warriors (which Noman wrote) says they cannot fight long wars or conquer land or empires. They cannot love any person above all others, build a lasting home, possess anything but can only use their powers to bring freedom to the enslaved and justice to the oppressed. Plot summary The main characters in the book are Seeker, Morning Star and The Wildman. Seeker and Morning Star are devout believers in the All and Only, however it is not obvious as to how far the Wildman worships the God. The Wildman used to be a ruthless pirate that killed without mercy. He was called the Wildman because his mood was often unpredictable. The Wildman wishes to join the Nom because he desires power, but moreover he wants inner peace. Morning Star wants to find her mother, whom she believes entered the Nom many years ago, but also wishes to serve her God. She also has an ability to tell peoples' feelings merely by looking at the colour of their aura, which she can see. Seeker wants above everything else to serve his God, and to prove himself worthy, as he has always felt that he lived in the shadow of his older brother, Blaze of Justice, who himself is a Noble Warrior.Seeker's father is the headmaster of the school on Anacrea, and wants Seeker to follow in his footsteps, forbidding him from applying to the Nom. However, when praying Seeker hears a voice telling him the 'door is always open' and that he would be the one to save the Lost Child. This confirms Seeker's belief that he will join the Nom. However, Seeker ventures a little further into the monastery and sees Blaze seemingly being cast out of the Nomana, undergoing a process of his memories being cleansed. He speaks to several monks, and they inform him that Blaze is a traitor! Seeker cannot accept this, and feels that this is why he is later rejected by the Nom.Seeker, Morning Star, and the Wildman all make their way to the Nom to apply to join, and inevitably all three are turned away. But not relenting, Seeker decides to find another way to enter the Nom; he will perform an act of notable good, and hopefully be invited to join. The trio go to the City of Radiance, where a weapon is being constructed, with the purpose of destroying the Nom. Seeker has the intention of destroying the weapon by pretending to want to be its bearer.The nature of the weapon is explosive. Basically, the power of the Sun is stored in water, leading to the name Charged water. The energy in the water is released when it comes into contact with air. It is planned that the bearer will have the normal water in his blood replaced with charged water, and will sacrifice himself to destroy the Nom.However, Soren Similin, who is in charge of building the weapon (but none of the scientists working on the project realise this), and who is also the secretary of the leader of Radiance, has found another candidate to be the weapon bearer; Seeker's brother Blaze. Along the way Similin encounters Morning Star's mother, (who was in fact rejected by the Nomana, and fled in disgrace) and she tags along with him and Blaze on their way back to the City of Radiance. Both Blaze and Seeker come to the place where the weapon is, and both help to destroy it; Blaze having not really been cleansed. Morning star is re-united with her mother, and the trio are accepted into the Nom. Links to history Radiance is similar to the myth of Atlantis. The inhabitants are sun worshippers, who worship a god who is a beautiful golden-haired youth whose hair represents the sun. This god is an accurate description of Wildman, Seekers friend.

13270922428005624897

Q1059584

Chaldean Oracles Origin The exact origins of the Chaldean Oracles are unknown, but are usually attributed to Julian the Theurgist and/or his father, Julian the Chaldean. "Chaldea" is the term that Greeks of the 4th century and later used for Babylon. It is the way they transliterated the Assyrian name Kaldū, which was an area that lay southeast of Babylonia towards the coast of the Persian Gulf. It is not known whether Julian the Chaldean was actually of Eastern descent, or whether the term "Chaldean" had by his time come to mean "magician" or practitioner of mysterious arts.His son, Julian the Theurgist, served in the Roman army during Marcus Aurelius' campaign against the Quadi. Julian claimed to have saved the Roman camp from a severe drought by causing a rainstorm. At least four other religious groups also claimed credit for this rainstorm. The circumstances surrounding the writing of the Oracles are also mysterious, the most likely explanation being that Julian uttered them after inducing a sort of trance, leading to the belief that they were handed down to Julian by the gods. No original documents containing the Oracles have survived to the present day, and what we know of the text has been reconstructed from fragments and quotes by later neoplatonist philosophers, as well as Christian philosophers who were influenced by Platonist thought. Neoplatonists including Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Proclus wrote extensive commentaries on the Oracles which are now lost. The most extensive surviving commentary was written by the Christian philosopher Michael Psellus in the eleventh century Psellus' work has been an important tool for interpreting earlier and more fragmentary excerpts from the Oracles.Whether or not they were composed by Julian himself, or whether Julian compiled them from actual Chaldean originals, the oracles are mainly a product of Hellenistic (and more precisely Alexandrian) syncretism as practiced in the cultural melting-pot that was Alexandria, and were credited with embodying many of the principal features of a "Chaldean philosophy". They were held in the greatest esteem throughout Late Antiquity, and by the later followers of neoplatonism, although frequently argued against by Augustine of Hippo. The doctrines contained therein have been attributed by some to Zoroaster. Importance of the Oracles The Chaldean Oracles were considered to be a central text by many of the later neoplatonist philosophers, nearly equal in importance to Plato's Timaeus. This has led some scholars, beginning with F. Cumont, to declare the Oracles "The Bible of the Neoplatonists".The essence of Hellenistic civilization was the fusion of a Hellenic core of religious belief and social organization with Persian-Babylonian ("Chaldean"), Israelite and Egyptian cultures, including their mysterious and enthusiastic cults and wisdom-traditions. Hellenistic thinkers philosophized the mythology and cults, as well as foreign oracular utterances and initiatory lore. Philosophy originating from these two areas, or simply attributed to them, was regarded as possessing knowledge transmitted from the most ancient wisdom traditions.In Egypt, the attempt to philosophize and synthesize ancient religious content resulted in part in the writings conventionally attributed to Hermes Trismegistus. The Chaldean Oracles are a parallel endeavour, on a smaller scale, to philosophize the wisdom of Chaldea. However, rather than the prose writings that came out of Egypt, the Chaldean Oracles originated from the fragments of a single mystery-poem, which has not been entirely preserved. By far the greatest number of the poem's known fragments are found in the books of the later Platonic philosophers, who from the time of Porphyry, and probably that of Plotinus, held these Oracles in the highest estimation. Iamblichus of Syria referred frequently to the Oracles and mingled their ideas with his own. Metaphysics of the Oracles The metaphysical schema of the Chaldaean Oracles begins with an absolutely transcendent deity called Father, with whom resides Power, a productive principle from which it appears Intellect proceeds. This Intellect has a twofold function, to contemplate the Forms of the purely intellectual realm of the Father, and to craft and govern the material realm. In this latter capacity the Intellect is Demiurge.The Oracles further posit a barrier between the intellectual and the material realm, personified as Hecate. In the capacity of barrier, or more properly "membrane", Hecate separates the two 'fires,' i.e., the purely intellectual fire of the Father, and the material fire from which the cosmos is created, and mediates all divine influence upon the lower realm.From Hecate is derived the World-Soul, which in turn emanates Nature, the governor of the sub-lunar realm. From Nature is derived Fate, which is capable of enslaving the lower part of the human soul. The goal of existence then is to purify the lower soul of all contact with Nature and Fate by living a life of austerity and contemplation. Salvation is achieved by an ascent through the planetary spheres, during which the soul casts off the various aspects of its lower soul, and becomes pure intellect.Beneath the world of the Intelligible Triad of Father, the Magna Mater or Hecate, and Intellect lie the three successive descending Empyrean, Ethereal and Elemental Worlds. A Second Demiurgic Intellect represents the divine power in the Empyrean World, a Third Intellect represents the divine power in the Ethereal World. An Elemental World is ruled by Hypezokos or Flower of Fire.The Chaldean Oracles were first translated into English by Thomas Taylor. They were taken up in the 19th-century Occult tradition of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and Taylor's translation was published in an edition by William Wynn Westcott in 1895, titled 'The Chaldaean Oracles of Zoroaster' as part of the Golden Dawn's 'Collectanea Hermetica' series. State of the text The original poem has not come down to us in any connected form, and is known through quotations in the works of the neoplatonists, especially Damascius.W. Kroll published an edition arranging all known fragments in order of subject, and this is the basis of most later scholarly work. It does not purport to be a reconstruction of the original poem.Summaries of the poem (and of the related "Assyrian Oracles", not known from elsewhere) were composed by Michael Psellos, and attempts have been made to arrange the surviving fragments in accordance with these summaries: Westcott's translation (above) is an example of such an attempt. These reconstructions are not generally regarded as having scholarly value, but sometimes surface in theosophical or occult use.

6514506557077710087

Q113275

Carver County, Minnesota Geography The Minnesota River flows east-northeasterly along the county's southern border. The South Fork of the Crow River flows northeasterly through the upper western and central portions of the county. Carver Creek flows southeasterly from the county's central area, discharging into the Minnesota at the county's southern border. The terrain consists of low rolling hills, dotted with lakes in the eastern portion. The area is devoted to agriculture.The terrain slopes to the east and south, with its northwest corner at 1,024' (312m) ASL. A small hill 1.6 miles (2.6 km) northeast of Miller Lake rises to 1,080' (329m) ASL, for the county's highest point.The county has a total area of 376 square miles (970 km²), of which 354 square miles (920 km²) is land and 22 square miles (57 km²) (5.8%) is water. It is Minnesota's second-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area.Carver is one of seven southern Minnesota counties with no forest soils; only prairie ecosystems of savannas and prairies can be found in Carver County. It is also one of 17 Minnesota counties where savanna soils dominate. 2000 As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 70,205 people, 24,356 households, and 18,778 families in the county. The population density was 198/sqmi (76.6/km²). There were 24,883 housing units at an average density of 70.3/sqmi (27.1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 95.95% White, 0.59% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 1.56% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.87% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. 2.55% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 44.3% were of German, 12.1% Norwegian, 7.1% Irish and 6.2% Swedish ancestry.There were 24,356 households out of which 45.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.40% were married couples living together, 7.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.90% were non-families. 18.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.26.The county population contained 31.50% under the age of 18, 6.90% from 18 to 24, 34.70% from 25 to 44, 19.50% from 45 to 64, and 7.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 100.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.00 males.The median income for a household in the county was $65,540, and the median income for a family was $73,577 (these figures had risen to $78,035 and $89,100 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $47,271 versus $32,107 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,486. About 2.30% of families and 3.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.60% of those under age 18 and 6.90% of those age 65 or over. Government Like all counties in Minnesota, Carver is governed by an elected and nonpartisan board of commissioners. Each commissioner represents a district of approximately equal population.

12714094696344694150

Q54857913

Geology of Mayotte As part of the Comoros island chain in the Mozambique Channel, the geology of Mayotte is virtually the same as the geology of the Comoros, the rest of the island chain which is independent of France. The island resulted from the rifting of Madagascar away from Africa as well as "hotspot" mantle plume activity and is also impacted by seismicity and deformation associated with the East African Rift. However, because Mayotte is a part of France its geology is significantly more researched than that of other islands in the chain.Mayotte is a primarily volcanic island rising steeply from the bed of the ocean to a height of 660 metres (2,170 ft) on Mont Bénara. Two volcanic centres are reported, a southern one (Pic Chongui, 594 metres (1,949 ft), with a breached crater to the NW, and a northern centre (Mont M'Tsapéré, 572 metres (1,877 ft)) with a breached crater to the south-east. Mont Bénara is between these two peaks, approximately at the contact point of the two structures. Volcanic activity started about 7.7 million years ago in the south, ceasing about 2.7 million years ago. In the north, activity started about 4.7 million years ago and lasted until about 1.4 million years ago. Both centres had several phases of activity. Ash bands found in the corals suggest some continuing minor activity. The most recent age reported for an ash band is 7000 year BP. Stratigraphy & Tectonics As with other islands in the Comoros chain, Mayotte's location in the Mozambique Channel is tectonically complex, due to the displacement of the Malagasarian microcontinent from the margin of the supercontinent Gondwana. Mesozoic From the Permian until the Early Jurassic, the Comoros region experienced Karoo rifting, on an northeast-southwest trend. During the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, an ocean basin, running north-south formed along the Davie Ridge. Cenozoic The volcanoes in the Comoros date to the recent past of the Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene period. The oldest volcano on the chain is 7.7 million years old, on Mayotte. Volcanoes are older further east. Anjouan is 3.9 million years old and Moheli is five million years old. Grande Comore is the youngest at only 10,000 years old. Some geologists have proposed that the Comoros is an example of one of 11 primary mantle plumes worldwide.The East African Rift System became active 22 to 25 million years ago in the Miocene and its offshore extent is the youngest. The rift system causes seismicity, extensional deformation and created the offshore Kerimbas Graben. Natural hazards From 2002 to 2006, the French Geological Survey conducted an extensive natural hazards survey throughout the 17 districts of Mayotte and published a hazard zonation map. Some parts of the island face threats from storm surges and landslides and areas with weathered volcanic rock face heightened risk from seismic activity. Hydrogeology Groundwater on Mayotte is sourced from several aquifers in the fractured basalt. The island's aquifer is one of the best studied basalt aquifers other than Hawaii and the Canary Islands. The perched aquifers are separated by units of rock that act as aquitards and aquicludes, slowing or nearly stopping the flow of water. Natural resources There is very little mining in Mayotte, aside from the production of building material. In some cases, coral is mined to produce lime for concrete. Earthquake Swarm Starting in May 2018 there have been many minor earthquakes under the eastern flank of the volcano constituting what is generally referred to as a "swarm". The exact nature of the forces behind this swarm remain unclear as of March 2019. The French government geological agency, the BRGM are maintaining a website on the events at this link. The (current, 2019) leading theory is about a combination of magma emplacement into the seabed over an extended period and a partial collapse of the magma chamber's roof, but that is still under debate. A set of seabed seismic recorders was put into the ocean in February 2019, for retrieval in about September of that year, which should give better locations and directional "solutions" for future events. In November 2018 a very peculiar seismological signal was produced as part of this swarm. The November 11 2018 seismic event occurred about 15 miles (24 km) east of the coast of Mayotte. It was recorded by seismograms in many place including Kenya, Chile, New Zealand, Canada, and Hawaii located almost 11,000 miles (18,000 km) away. The seismic waves lasted for over 20 minutes but despite this, no one felt it.The peculiar thing about this event is that instead of the normal range of frequencies of noise being detected, only a very narrow range was detected - the event is sometimes described by seismologists as "monochrome". In a discussion captured on Twitter, ideas were batted around about a partial collapse of a magma chamber roof, but at this time (2019-03) work continues to understand the event. Estimated depths of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) are compatible with a magma chamber within the volcano substructure, but other solutions for the depth of the source structure have been proposed.

13527331868613053174

Q6115356

Jack Stevens Early life Born on 7 September 1896 at Daylesford, Victoria, Stevens was the youngest child of Herbert Clarence Stevens and Violet Ophelia, née Bury. He attended schooling at Daylesford. He began working at the age of 12 at a cigar factory, before joining the Postmaster-General's Department as a clerk in the electrical engineers' branch in 1915. First World War Stevens enlisted on 2 July 1915 in the Australian Imperial Force in the Signal Corp and sailed for Egypt in November with the rank of corporal. He was promoted in March 1916 to sergeant and served with the 4th Divisional Signal Company. In June, he was sent to France and was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for "devotion and keen sense of duty" during the battles of Pozières and the Ypres salient. He was transferred to the 5th Divisional Signal Company in February 1917 and was promoted to lieutenant in April. He saw action at Polygon Wood and was transferred to the Australian Corps Signal Company in March 1918. Upon arrival in Melbourne after the cessation of hostilities he was discharged from the Australian Imperial Force on 28 October 1919. Between the wars Upon returning home Stevens returned to work with the Postmaster-General's Department. He married Catherine McAllister Macdonald at the Presbyterian Church, South Melbourne on 26 April 1920. Rejoinining the Militia in 1921, he was promoted to captain in 1922 and commanded the 2nd Cavalry Divisional Signals and was promoted to major in 1924. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in command of the 4th Divisional Signals (1926–29), the 3rd Divisional Signals (1929–35) and the 57th/60th Battalion (1935–39). Second World War Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Stevens was seconded to the Second Australian Imperial Force on 13 October 1939 and placed in command of the 6th Divisional Signals. He was chosen in April 1940 as the commander of the 21st Brigade, and was promoted to colonel and temporary brigadier. Sailing with his brigade, he left for the Middle East in October. During the Syrian campaign against Vichy French forces in Syria and Lebanon he directed the battle of the Litani River on 12 June where he was wounded. For his actions during this battle he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and was mentioned in despatches. After recovering from his wounds he led the brigades actions during the successful coastal advance towards Sidon and in the battle of Damour between 5–9 July 1941.During the Syrian campaign against Vichy French forces in Syria and Lebanon he directed the battle of the Litani River on 12 June 1941 and After recovering from wounds he led the brigade's actions during the battle of Damour between 5 to 9 July 1941.Stevens returned with the 21st Brigade to Australia in March 1942. Stevens was promoted to temporary major general and given command of the Militia's 4th Division in April before being appointed commander of Northern Territory Force in August. He was given the additional command responsibilities of the 12th Division and the Northern Territory Lines of Communications Area in December. Appointed the commanding officer of the 6th Division in April 1943 and oversaw the division's training on the Atherton Tableland, Queensland.Stevens deployed to the Territory of New Guinea in late 1944 for action in the Aitape–Wewak campaign, advancing along the coast to Wewak and clearing Japanese units from the Aitape-Wewak & Maprik area. The campaign inflicted heavy losses on the Japanese 18th Army. He was appointed the Companion of the Order of the Bath for "gallant and distinguished service" and "outstanding leadership in operations against the Japanese" in 1946. He was relinquished of command against his wishes in August 1945. Later life Stevens became the assistant-commissioner of the Commonwealth Public Service Board in 1946, before being appointed the general manager and chief executive officer of the Overseas Telecommunications Commission in September 1946. He also kept an association with the Citizen Military Forces (CMF) as the commanding officer of the 2nd Division (1947–50) and for two months as the CMF member of the Military Board prior to being placed on the Reserve of Officers on 1 July 1950. In 1950, he was appointed Secretary of the Department of National Development and given responsibility for uranium mining at Rum Jungle, Northern Territory. He was later appointed as the Secretary of the Department of Supply in 1951 to oversee research and development. He organised agreements with the United Kingdom and the United States of America on atomic research issues, and during the atomic tests in Australia.Stevens was appointed as the first chairman of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission (AAEC) in September 1952 to carry out research into atomic energy and enable access to overseas technology and secure technical co-operation. Under his leadership the AAEC established the experimental nuclear reactor at Lucas Heights, New South Wales. For his role he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Retiring from the government sector in 1956, he became chairman of Australian Electrical Industries Ltd and British Automotive Industries Pty Ltd, and a director of Commonwealth Industrial Gases Ltd, Custom Credit Corporation Ltd, Mount Isa Mines Ltd and the Trustees Executors & Agency Co. Ltd.Stevens died of a coronary occlusion on 20 May 1969 in Sydney and was cremated. He was survived by his wife. His only child, Duncan Stevens, was the captain of HMAS Voyager and was killed during the collision with HMAS Melbourne on 10 February 1964.

14610627239147820162

Q378234

3D tic-tac-toe 3D tic-tac-toe, also known by the trade name Qubic, is an abstract strategy board game, generally for two players. It is similar in concept to traditional tic-tac-toe but is played in a cubical array of cells, usually 4x4x4. Players take turns placing their markers in blank cells in the array. The first player to achieve four of their own markers in a row wins. The winning row can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal on a single board as in regular tic-tac-toe, or vertically in a column, or a diagonal line through four boards.As with traditional tic-tac-toe, several commercial sets of apparatus have been sold for the game, and it may also be played with pencil and paper with a hand-drawn board.The game has been analyzed mathematically and a first-player-win strategy was developed and published. However, the strategy is too complicated for most human players to memorize and apply. Pencil and paper Like traditional 3x3 tic-tac-toe, the game may be played with pencil and paper. A game board can easily be drawn by hand, with players using the usual "naughts and crosses" to mark their moves.In the 1970s, 3M Games (a division of 3M Corporation) sold a series of "Paper Games", including "3 Dimensional Tic Tac Toe". Buyers received a pad of 50 sheets with preprinted game boards. "Qubic" "Qubic" is the brand name of equipment for the 4x4x4 game that was manufactured and marketed by Parker Brothers, starting in 1964. It was reissued in 1972 with a more modern design. Both versions described the game as "Parker Brothers 3D Tic Tac Toe Game".In the original issue, the bottom level board was opaque plastic, and the upper three clear, all of simple square design. The 1972 reissue used four clear plastic boards with rounded corners. Whereas pencil and paper play almost always involves just two players, Parker Brothers' rules said that up to three players could play. The circular playing pieces resembled small poker chips in red, blue, and yellow.The game is no longer manufactured. 3x3x3, two-player The 3x3x3 version of the game cannot end in a draw and is easily won by the first player unless a rule is adopted that prevents the first player from taking the center cell. In that case, the game is easily won by the second player. By banning the use of the center cell altogether, the game is easily won by the first player. By including a 3rd player, the perfect game will be played out to a draw. By including stochasticity in the choosing of the side the player must use, the game becomes fair and winnable by all players but is subject to chance. By making the choice of the player piece (x or o) subject to chance, the game becomes fair and winnable by all players. 4x4x4, two-player On the 4x4x4 board, there are 76 winning lines. On each of the four 4x4 boards, or horizontal planes, there are four columns, four rows, and two diagonals, accounting for 40 lines. There are 16 vertical lines, each ascending from a cell on the bottom board through the corresponding cells on the other boards. There are eight vertically-oriented planes parallel to the sides of the boards, each of these adding two more diagonals (the horizontal and vertical lines of these planes have already been counted). Finally, there are two vertically-oriented planes that include the diagonal lines of the 4x4 boards, and each of these contributes two more diagonal lines—each of these including two corners and two internal cells.The 16 cells lying on these latter four lines (that is, the eight corner cells and eight internal cells) are each included in seven different winning lines; the other 48 cells (24 face cells and 24 edge cells) are each included in four winning lines.The corner cells and the internal cells are actually equivalent via an automorphism; likewise for face and edge cells. The group of automorphisms of the game contains 192 automorphisms. It is made up of combinations of the usual rotations and reflections that reorient or reflect the cube, plus two that scramble the order of cells on each line. If a line comprises cells A, B, C and D in that order, one of these exchanges inner cells for outer ones (such as B, A, D, C) for all lines of the cube, and the other exchanges cells of either the inner or the outer cells ( A, C, B, D or equivalently D, B, C, A) for all lines of the cube. Combinations of these basic automorphisms generate the entire group of 192 as shown by R. Silver in 1967.3D tic-tac-toe was weakly solved, meaning that the existence of a winning strategy was proven but without actually presenting such a strategy, by Eugene Mahalko in 1976. He proved that in two-person play, the first player will win if there are two optimal players.A more complete analysis, including the announcement of a complete first-player-win strategy, was published by Oren Patashnik in 1980. Patashnik used a computer-assisted proof that consumed 1500 hours of computer time. The strategy comprised move choices for 2929 difficult "strategic" positions, plus assurances that all other positions that could arise could be easily won with a sequence entirely made up of forcing moves. It was further asserted that the strategy had been independently verified. As computer storage became cheaper and the internet made it possible, these positions and moves were made available online.The game was solved again by Victor Allis using proof-number search. More general analyses An examination of multi-dimensional tic-tac-toe of various numbers of dimensions and board sizes was presented in the article "Hypercube Tic-Tac-Toe" by Golomb and Hales.Another study appears in the book Combinatorial Games: Tic-Tac-Toe Theory by József Beck. Similar and related games Besides the related tic tac toe, a popular variant is a commercial product called "Score Four". In Score Four the markers are small spheres with a hole drilled all the way through. The base of the game board provides 16 vertical spikes. To make a move, a player places a sphere on one of the spikes. Thus a move can only be made in a cell wherein all of the cells below it are already occupied.

17002783479993865187

Q3535173

Organizational life cycle The organizational life cycle is the life cycle of an organization from its creation to its termination. It also refers to the expected sequence of advancements experienced by an organization, as opposed to a randomized occurrence of events. The relevance of a biological life cycle relating to the growth of an organization, was discovered by organizational researchers many years ago. This was apparent as organizations had a distinct conception, periods of expansion and eventually, termination. Phases of growth According to Larry Greiner, there are 5 phases of growth in an organization, each indicated by an evolutionary and subsequently, a revolutionary phase.An evolutionary phase, refers to an extended duration of expansion enjoyed by the organization with no significant disruptions. Similarly, a revolutionary phase refers to a period of considerable disturbance within an organization. Phase 1: creative expansion → leadership crisis Creative expansion (evolutionary phase) leads to a leadership crisis (revolutionary phase). Initially, the organization enjoys expansion through the creativity and proactive nature of its founders. However, this leads to a crisis of leadership, as a more structured form of management is required. The founding members must either assume this role, or empower a competent manager to fulfill this if they are unable to. Phase 2: directional expansion → autonomy crisis Directional expansion (evolutionary phase) leads to a crisis of autonomy (revolutionary phase). As the organization experiences expansion through directive leadership, a more structured and functional management system is adopted. However, this leads to a crisis of autonomy. Greater delegation of authority to managers of lower levels is required, although at the reluctance of top tier managers who do not wish to have their authority diluted. Phase 3: expansion through delegation → control crisis Expansion through delegation (evolutionary phase) leads to a crisis of control (revolutionary phase). As the organization expands from delegating more responsibilities to lower level managers, top tier directors start to lessen their involvement in the routine operations, reducing the communication between both levels. This eventually leads to a crisis of control, as lower level managers become accustomed to working without the intrusion of top-level directors. This leads to a conflict of interest with the directors, who feel that they are losing control of the expanded organization. Phase 4: expansion through coordination → red tape crisis Expansion through coordination (evolutionary phase) leads to a crisis of red tape (revolutionary phase). As an organization expands from improving its coordination, such as through product group formation and authorized planning systems, a bureaucratic system develops. This eventually leads to a crisis of red tape, where many administrative obstacles reduce efficiency and innovation. Phase 5: expansion through collaboration At this stage, the organization seeks to overcome the barrier of red tape through adopting a more flexible and versatile matrix structure (matrix management). Educational courses are arranged for managers, to equip them with the skills of solving team disputes and to foster greater teamwork. Complex and formal systems are also made simpler, and there is an increased emphasis on the communication between managers, to solve crucial problems. Although Greiner identified expansion through collaboration as the evolutionary phase, he did not specifically identify the succeeding crisis (revolutionary phase), as there was little evidence due to most of the organizations still being in the collaboration phase. However, Greiner predicted that the crisis might involve the exhaustion of members in an organization, due to a strong requirement for innovation and teamwork. Implications for growth phases There are certain implications for managers in organizations with regards to the phases of growth: Recognizing one's position in the course of expansion Top tier managers should be aware of their organization's current stage, to be able to execute relevant solutions to the type of crisis faced. Managers should also not be tempted to surpass their current phase due to eagerness. This is because there may be vital experiences from each phase to be learned, that will be required to tackle future phases. Recognizing the restricted variety of solutions It becomes clear in each phase of revolution that there are only a specific number of solutions that can be applied. Managers should avoid repeating solutions, as this will prevent the evolution of a new phase of growth. It is also important to note that evolution is not a mechanical event, and organizations must actively seek out new solutions to the current crisis that are also suitable for the next stage of growth. Recognizing that solutions result in crisis Managers should realize that past actions are factors of future consequences. This would help managers in formulating solutions to cope with the crisis that develops in the future.

11222844156659715815

Q1722056

Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway History A 2.8 km-long Kallang Expressway (KLE) was envisioned as early as 1981, serving as a link between the Pan Island Expressway (PIE) and East Coast Parkway (ECP). It would have become the shortest expressway in Singapore if it was built.The modern Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway (KPE) was first conceptualised in the preliminary plans of 1997, merging the KLE and the Paya Lebar Expressway (PLE) into a single expressway.Construction on KPE started in the year 2001, and was fully completed in 2008. On 23 June 2007, the northern end of the expressway between Tampines Road from the new Defu Flyover and the Tampines Expressway was opened to traffic, and was temporarily named Tampines Service Road. Tampines Road will therefore no longer connect with the Tampines Expressway at the Tampines Flyover. The Defu Flyover along Tampines Road, along with the traffic signals, were commissioned on the same day from 1000 hours.On 27 July 2007, the LTA announced the opening of the southern ECP-PIE section of the expressway (Phase 1) to traffic on 26 October that year. The entire expressway opened to traffic on 20 September 2008. Route The Kallang Section of the expressway starts from eastern end of the Marina Coastal Expressway, where it also interchanges with the East Coast Parkway near the fourteen-kilometre mark of the ECP in a northward direction, goes underground below the Geylang River, cuts across the Kallang Sports Complex to the west of the National Stadium, comes to an interchange at the Mountbatten Road/Nicoll Highway/Guillemard Road junction, crosses the East West MRT Line, before ending with an interchange with the Pan Island Expressway at the thirteen-kilometre mark of the latter. It adds along some slip roads and minor roads.The Paya Lebar Section continues from where the Kallang Section leaves off beneath the Kallang River and Pelton Canal past MacPherson Estate, comes to an interchange with Paya Lebar Road, Upper Paya Lebar Road, MacPherson Road and Airport Road, crosses over the Circle MRT Line which was under construction at the same time as the expressway, and continues for almost three and a half kilometres underground beneath Airport Road and the Paya Lebar Airbase, emerges at ground level near Defu Lane 3, goes on an elevated interchange over Tampines Road. It meets Buangkok East Drive at an interchange before continuing towards the existing Tampines Flyover to meet with Tampines Expressway. It replaces one of the fish farms at Tampines Road.On 27 July 2007, the LTA announced an extension of the KPE from East Coast Parkway to the Ayer Rajah Expressway via Marina South. The stretch was named Marina Coastal Expressway (MCE). The Marina Coastal Expressway officially opened on 29 December 2013. Public education and congestion management In 2006, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) engaged an advertising agency to embark on a public education programme, to inform and educate the public on the proper way to use the KPE – the first time it has done so for a road project. British firm Bartle Bogle Hegarty (BBH) has been appointed to publicise safety messages needed to prepare users for the KPE. BBH, which in turn appointed British public relations firm Grayling, clinched the contract for S$2.81 million. Its campaign started in the second quarter of 2007, consisting of a website and an album Sounds of the Underground of ten songs for the purpose.The LTA has also put up a tender calling for consultants to develop congestion management systems in the KPE. The call has drawn three submissions. It also rolled out the first dedicated team of Traffic Marshals, with the primary role of rapid deployment to any incident within the tunnels. The annual contract was awarded to Certis CISCO, who would deploy six marshals on motorcycles around the clock in the KPE, to be expanded to 28 motorcycles and three cars across all expressways by the end of 2008. Speed cameras KPE's underground section is fitted with digital speed cameras that operate 24 hours throughout the day to enforce the 80 km/h speed limit (lower if safety advisories display so).In the first week of phase 1 operation 3,400 motorists were caught speeding in the KPE, consisting of 3% of the total traffic which alarmed the traffic police. 45 of the speed violators which were in excess of 40 km/h received court summons, while others received either a traffic summons or a warning letter from the Land Transport Authority.The speed cameras are easily spotted in the middle section of the tunnel and are found under the main via ducting. There have been no instances of speed cameras flashes indicating a violating vehicle exceeding the limit, as the luminosity in the tunnel does not require additional light source.

11787538376864261539

Q5185380

Crime in Slovakia Slovakia (population 5.4 million) is a Central European country with a history of relatively low crime. While crime became more widespread after the fall of communism in 1989, it remains low when compared to many other post-communist countries.Slovakia employs numerous law enforcement bodies and secret services in fighting crime, yet according to numerous opinion polls the Police together with the Secret Services are some of the least trusted institutions in the country. Murder In 2018, Slovakia had a murder rate of 1.05 per 100,000 population. There are a total of 57 murders in Slovakia in 2016. Violence and theft Apart from the occasional mafia shooting, gun violence is rare in Slovakia. There are approximately 3,000 – 4,000 home burglaries and 7,000 – 8,000 car thefts in Slovakia each year. Together, there are around 15,000 cases of violent criminal acts (damage to victim's life or health) in Slovakia each year. Illegal drug trade in Slovakia Slovak Republic is a party to the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1972 Protocol thereto, and the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Not only the manufacture and selling of certain drugs is illegal but also their possession. Slovak law does not differentiate between hard drugs and soft drugs and sentences can in theory be as harsh as life imprisonment.Until the mid-1990s the drug situation in Slovakia remained somewhat stable; extensive small-scale illicit amphetamine production, no opium poppy cultivation, only minimal cannabis cultivation in private greenhouses and the country was already a key transit point for smuggling Asian heroin to Western Europe both via Ukraine and lying on the "Balkan route" from Turkey. Seizures of cocaine up to this point have been minimal and at this time Slovakia emerged as another crossroads for cocaine traffickers seeking new routes to Western Europe (Colombian traffickers have been smuggling cocaine through the neighboring Czech Republic since 1991). Because the banking sector in Slovakia was still in nascent stages at this time, drug money laundering operations were limited.In November 1995, an independent national drug service was created in Slovakia and the government established a new comprehensive anti-drug plan to target drug trafficking and use and made drug-related changes to the criminal code. The biggest seizures made by the Slovak police in 1995 were a 123.5 kilogram heroin seizure, and a 25 kilogram cocaine seizure. Implementation of chemical control regulations and legislation continues to create concern about the vulnerability of the country's well-developed chemical and pharmaceutical industry being partially used for the production of illegal drugs or precursor chemicals. Organized crime The Slovak mafia constitutes various organized crime groups in Slovakia, controlled primarily by Slovak interests. The Slovak mafia does not have significant international presence and even in Slovakia, their activities are limited by boundaries set by the powerful Russian mafia (including Ukrainian and Chechen mafia) and various Balkan groups controlling much of the heroin trade.The Slovak mafia is especially active in security business, construction and ownership of restaurants and nightclubs. According to the United States Department of Defense "both indigenous and foreign organized crime groups are well established in Slovakia". Under Slovak law, the creation or support of an organized crime group constitutes a crime. Corruption Transparency International’s Global Corruption Barometer 2013 indicates that corruption remains a serious problem in Slovakia. Crime dynamics During the 1990s, there were 2,300 reported crimes per 100,000 citizens in Slovakia. In comparison with the neighboring countries - it was 3.200 in Hungary, 3.400 in Poland, 4.100 in the Czech Republic and 6.100 in Austria. From 1989 to 1999, the number of crime perpetrators has slightly risen from over 35.000 in 1989 to almost 45.000 in 1999. The number of perpetrators not convicted remains stable at some 80 percent of total perpetrators. Also somewhat stable is the number of habitual offenders at approximately 10.000.The 2000s saw again a slight rise in the number of perpetrators and a steep rise in economic crime.

18242989258990462376

Q357477

José Marques da Silva Training José Marques da Silva was born at 113 Rua de Costa Cabral, in Porto, on 18 October 1869. His architectural training began at the Porto Academy of Fine Arts, where his teachers were, among others, António Geraldes da Silva Sardinha, João Marques de Oliveira and António Soares dos Reis. In 1889 he left for Paris in order to enter the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, and remained in the city until he received the French Government designation of Graduate Architect on 10 December 1896.During his time in Paris, Marques da Silva did the majority of his academic work in a free atelier external to the School under the direction of Victor Laloux, resulting in some notable architectural drawings. At the time this atelier was attended by an international community of architecture students, including such luminaries as Charles Lemaresquier, future successor of Victor Laloux; Paul Norman, who would win the Grand Prix of 1891; Charles Butler, the atelier's first American graduate in 1897; and even his fellow-countryman Miguel Ventura Terra. Dating from this period, the Architect José Marques da Silva Foundation Institute holds a unique set of documents consisting of 67 architectural drawings, an important and enlightening record of fin-de-siecle architectural practices within the Beaux-Arts tradition. Architectural practice Marques da Silva returned to Portugal in 1896, and his intense professional activities quickly earned him public recognition. At the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900 he received the silver medal and at the Rio de Janeiro Exposition of 1908 he was awarded the gold medal for his architectural achievements.In 1908 he was awarded the Official Degree of the Santiago [St James] Order of Merit for Science, Literature and Art. With designs such as the São Bento Railway Station (1896), the São João National Theatre (1910), the Four Seasons Building (1905), the Alexandre Herculano High School (1914) and the Rodrigues de Freitas High School (1919), the Nascimento Department Store (1914), the Casa de Serralves (1925–1943), and the Monument to the Heroes of the Peninsular War (1909), he shaped the face of his home city of Porto. In addition, his activities also extended to other areas in the north of the country, in particular Guimarães, a city for which he would design several important buildings such as the headquarters of the Martins Sarmento Society, the Market Hall and the Penha Sanctuary. His work, at a moment of change in construction practices, combined the values of the Beaux-Arts tradition with the elements of reason, resulting in practical designs adapted to the mechanics of modern life, with his own individual way of understanding the building of the city. Teaching Marques da Silva's teaching activities began in 1900, as Professor of Drawing and Modelling in the Porto Industrial and Commercial Institute. In 1906 he was appointed Professor of Architecture at the Porto Academy of Fine Arts, later coming to occupy the post of Director of the (as it was then known) Porto School of Fine Arts (1913–1914; 1918–1939). He was also Director and Professor of the Soares dos Reis School of Applied Art (1914–1930).Design, as a central tool of project practice and a basis for the transmission of reliable methodological processes while at the same time being able to respond to the multiple demands of society, was the driving force of his teaching. This strategy earned him the respect of several generations of modern architects who, starting from the academic basis established by Marques da Silva, learned how to reinvent the architectural practice of Porto. Legacy Marques da Silva died on 6 June 1947, at his home in the Praça Marquês de Pombal, in Porto. In his many areas of activity, this scholar of the Academies of Fine Arts of Lisbon and Porto, board member of the Society of Fine Arts, and founder member of the Society of Northern Architects, left a lasting legacy in the architectural culture of Porto, in the landscape of the city, in the culture of architectural design, in teaching practices, in a certain way of doing and thinking architecture which was consolidated in Porto during the 20th century.The estate of Marques da Silva was bequeathed to the University of Porto by Maria José Marques da Silva (1914–1994) and David Moreira da Silva (1909–2002), his daughter and son-in-law, themselves also architects, through the creation of the Marques da Silva Institute. In 1996, the University founded the Architect José Marques da Silva Institute, and in July 2009 the decision was made to transform the institute into a private foundation, the Architect José Marques da Silva Foundation Institute (FIMS), whose mission is to promote the scientific, cultural, pedagogical and artistic heritage of the architect José Marques da Silva, in the context of his time and in relation to the modern culture of which he was a precursor. The Foundation, based in the architect's own Residence-Atelier and next to the Lopes Martins family mansion, also occupying a pavilion in the large garden, houses in addition the literary, artistic, architectural and town planning collection of the architects Maria José Marques da Silva Martins and David Moreira da Silva. FIMS coordinates the conservation, evaluation and handling of the information with its research and dissemination, and is open to receiving or incorporating other heritage-related items of historical, scientific, artistic or documentary value, preferably referring to architecture and urban planning in Porto and Portugal.In May 2011, the Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos do Porto [Porto Public Transport Society], in collaboration with the Marques da Silva Foundation, paid tribute by providing information to passengers on the various buildings designed by Marques da Silva on the route of Line 22 of the Electric Trams of Porto.

1456221452523377771

Q7721113

The Campden Wonder Disappearance On 16 August 1660 a 70-year-old man named William Harrison left his home in Chipping Campden, intending to walk two miles to the village of Charingworth. When he did not return home at the expected time his wife sent his manservant John Perry to look for him. Neither Harrison nor Perry had returned by the next morning.Edward Harrison, William Harrison's son, was then sent out to look for the pair and on his way to Charingworth he met John Perry. The servant said that he had not been able to find his master, and he and Edward continued to Ebrington, where they questioned one of the tenants whom Harrison had been going to see. The tenant said that Harrison had been there the previous night. Edward Harrison and John Perry then went to the village of Paxford, but their search proved fruitless.Edward and John then headed back to Chipping Campden. During the journey they heard that some items belonging to William Harrison had been discovered on the main road between Chipping Campden and Ebrington. These included a hat, a shirt and a neckband. Although the hat had been slashed by a sharp implement, and the shirt and the neckband were covered in blood, there was no sign of the body of William Harrison. Investigation Under questioning John Perry said that he knew Harrison had been murdered, but claimed to be innocent of the crime. He then said that his mother, Joan, and his brother, Richard, had killed Harrison for his money and hidden the body. Joan and Richard denied that they had had anything to do with Harrison's disappearance, but John continued to say that they were guilty, claiming they had dumped his body in a millpond. The pond was dredged, but no body was found. Return of William Harrison In 1662 Harrison returned to England aboard a ship from Lisbon. He claimed that he had been abducted, wounded, had his pockets stuffed with money and been spirited away on horses from England via Deal port in Kent, transferred to a Turkish ship and sold into slavery in the Ottoman Empire. Harrison said that after about a year and three quarters his master had died and that he then went to a port and stowed away on a Portuguese ship, finally returning to Dover by way of Lisbon.This led to the popular belief of England having a criminal law of 'no body, no murder'. Morton states that this is actually a misconception and no such law existed, and there were a number of cases where conviction was obtained without a body, notably that of James Camb, jailed for the murder at sea of actress Gay Gibson, whom he allegedly pushed through the porthole of her ship cabin.Linda Stratmann, in her book Gloucestershire Murders, states that Harrison's story makes no sense; who would abduct a 70-year-old man, stuff his pockets with money and sell him into slavery for a few pounds? Why did no-one notice him being taken on horseback from Chipping Campden to Deal? She also states that he claimed his attackers wounded him in the thigh and side with a sword, only to then nurse him back to health, which also makes no sense. Later accounts John Masefield wrote two plays on the subject: The Campden Wonder and Mrs Harrison. The latter dealt with the popular myth that Harrison's wife committed suicide on learning that her husband was alive.The case is mentioned, along with the Sandyford murder case, in E.C. Bentley's detective novel Trent's Last Case (1920). It is also mentioned (as the "Camden Mystery") in John Rhode's detective novel In Face of the Verdict (in the U.S., In the Face of the Verdict) (1936).Another novel by Victoria Bennett called The Poorest He (2005) gives a fictional account of the case.There is also a radio play of the story dating from 1994, Roger Hume's The Campden Wonder.The final track on Inkubus Sukkubus' 2016 album Barrow Wake is a musical telling of the tale.

14597810693434570744

Q7364121

Ron Mason Family Ron Mason was born the son of Harvey Mason, a salesman, and Agnes Mackay Mason, an elementary school teacher. He married the former Marion Bell on June 8, 1963. They had two daughters, Tracey (born 1963) and Cindy (born 1968) and two grandsons, Tyler and Travis. Travis was a defenseman on the Michigan State University hockey team until his graduation in 2016. Mason had one sister, Marion Mason Rowe. Education Mason earned a B.A. in physical education from St. Lawrence University in 1964 and a Masters in physical education from the University of Pittsburgh in 1965. Michigan State University awarded Mason an honorary doctorate in 2001. Career as player Mason played junior hockey with the Ontario Hockey Association’s Peterborough Petes and the Ottawa Junior Canadians. From there Mason enrolled at St. Lawrence University in the upstate town of Canton, New York where he lettered in hockey for three years. In his first season at SLU in 1960-61, Mason and the Skating Saints were NCAA national finalists. In 1961-62, Mason and SLU won the school's first Eastern College Athletic Conference championship and made the NCAA Frozen Four. In his final season, SLU won a school-record 20 games finishing 20–6–1. Mason lead the team in scoring twice earning back-to-back first-team all league honors. Mason was St. Lawrence's only player to earn that distinction until T. J. Trevelyan was named all league in 2005 and 2006. Career as coach Mason coached one NAIA program, Lake Superior State, and two NCAA programs, Bowling Green State and Michigan State in 36 seasons from 1966-2002. He won two national titles: NAIA in 1972 with Lake Superior State and NCAA in 1986 with Michigan State. Ron Mason finished his coaching career as the all-time career victories leader in college hockey history with 924 wins. Boston College's Jerry York surpassed Mason's win total on December 31, 2012. Mason is also the career coaching victories leader at Michigan State with 635 wins. He is Bowling Green State's winningest coach by percentage winning over 71 percent of his 229 games at BGSU.Mason had 33 seasons with a winning record, 30 seasons winning 20 or more games and 11 seasons winning 30 or more games. Mason won ten CCHA regular season championships and a record 13 CCHA tournament titles. He advanced his teams to the NCAA tournament 22 times—six times as the No. 1 seed—making the Frozen Four eight times. Mason was the CCHA coach of the year six times. He won the Spencer Penrose Memorial Trophy as the national coach of the year in 1992.On January 26, 2002, a media report stated Mason would step down as coach at Michigan State to take over the athletic director position at MSU. On January 28, 2002, Mason made it official he would leave his post as head ice hockey coach to become athletic director. Lake Superior State Mason started the hockey program at Lake Superior State University in 1966. In seven seasons at LSSU he produced four 20-win seasons and never lost more than 10 games. He guided the Lakers to the 1972 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) national championship. Bowling Green State In 1973 he moved to Bowling Green State University where he won three Central Collegiate Hockey Association regular season titles and three consecutive CCHA tournament titles in six seasons. In 1977 Bowling Green State earned their first berth in the NCAA tournament. The berth was a first for a team not from the Western Collegiate Hockey Association or Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference in the NCAA tournament's 30 year history. It was the first of three consecutive NCAA tournaments under Mason. BGSU won the third-place game over defending national champion Wisconsin in the 1978 NCAA Frozen Four. In 1978-79 Mason coached BGSU to a then NCAA record 37 wins. The record would be broken in 1984-85 by Mason's own Michigan State team. Michigan State Michigan State University Athletic Director Joseph Kearney hired Mason to replace the retiring Amo Bessone on April 1, 1979. In his third season at MSU, Mason guided Michigan State to their first NCAA tournament in 15 seasons. Four seasons later in 1986, Mason led Michigan State to the school's second national title. Michigan State returned to the championship game the following season but lost to North Dakota. On March 12, 1993, with a 6-5 win over Kent State, Mason passed former Boston College coach Len Ceglarski to become college hockey's all-time winningest coach with 674 wins. While at MSU, Mason won a conference-record 10 CCHA tournament championships, including a conference-record four straight from 1982-85. In addition, MSU under Mason won seven CCHA regular season titles, earned 19 NCAA tournament appearances, and earned seven NCAA Frozen Four appearances. Legacy with the CCHA In addition to his success as a coach, Mason was involved in organizing the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) and helping it to grow into one of the most powerful college hockey conferences of the 1980s, '90s, and 2000s. When Mason began coaching in 1966 there were only two major conferences in the NCAA, the Eastern College Athletic Conference and the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. While building the ice hockey program at Lake Superior State to Division I status, Mason found that his team was left without a conference. In 1972 Mason, along with Bowling Green State University's Jack Vivian, St. Louis University's Bill Selman, Ohio State University's Dave Chambers, Ohio University's John McComb and the CCHA's first commissioner Fred Jacoby, formed the Central Collegiate Hockey Association. Mason's coaching tenure at Bowling Green State produced the CCHA's first NCAA tournament berth, first appearance in the NCAA Frozen Four, and first national No. 1 ranking.For his contributions in helping build the CCHA, the conference renamed their tournament championship trophy as the Mason Cup in 2000–01. Philanthropy Mason volunteered with the Sparrow Foundation where he established the Ron Mason Fund for Pediatric Rehabilitation which helps children with disabilities. The fund has raised $675,000 for the foundation since 1998. He was also honorary chairperson for the Children's Miracle Network which has raised $19 million plus since 1989. Notable players coached In his 36 years, Mason coached a number of outstanding players.

3047565528780641579

Q1268514

Bethoron Bethoron (also Beth-Horon) (House of Horon) was an ancient biblical town strategically located on the Gibeon-Aijalon road, guarding the "ascent of Beth-Horon". Upper Bethoron appears in Joshua 16:5 and Lower Bethoron in Joshua 16:3 and 1 Chronicles 7:24. and I Maccabees 3:16. Etymology The Hebrew name Bethoron (Beit Horon, בית חורון) is derived from the name of an Egypto-Canaanite deity, Horon, mentioned in Ugaritic literature. History According to 1 Chronicles 7:24, Lower Bethoron was built by She'era, daughter of Beriah, son of Ephraim. Eusebius' Onomasticon mentions the 'twin villages' and St. Jerome describes them as 'little hamlets.' From Egyptian sources (Muller, As. und Europa, etc.) it appears that Bethoron was one of the places conquered by Shishak of Egypt from Rehoboam.The borderline between Benjamin and Ephraim passed alongside the two Bethorons (Joshua 16:5; 21:22) who belonged to the latter Israelite tribe and therefore, later on, to the Northern Kingdom of Israel, while the tribe of Benjamin adhered to the Kingdom of Judah. Solomon "built Beth-horon the upper, and Beth-horon the nether, fortified cities, with walls, gates, and bars" (2 Chronicles 8:5; 1 Kings 9:17). One or both of the towns was a Levitical city (Joshua 21:22; 2 Chronicles 6:53).When Joshua utterly defeated the kings of the Amorites "he killed a large number of them at Gibeon, and chased them by the way of the 'Ascent of Beth-horon.'(Joshua 10:10) When the Philistines opposed King Saul at Michmash they sent a company of their men to hold "the way of Beth-horon."This pass ascends from the plain of Aijalon (now Ayalon-Canada Park) and climbs to Beit Ur al Tahta (1,210 ft.). It then ascends along the ridge, with valleys lying to north and south, and reaches Beit Ur al-Fauqa (2,022 ft.). Traces of the ancient Roman paving are visible. Since the days of Joshua the region has been the scene of many battles. The Syrian general Seron was defeated here by Judas Maccabeus (1 Macc. 3:13-24) in the Battle of Beth Horon. Six years later Nicanor, retreating from Jerusalem, was defeated and slain. (1 Macc. 7:39); (Josephus, Antiquities Bk12 Ch10:5)Bacchides repaired Beth-horon, "with high walls, with gates and with bars and in them he set a garrison, that they might work malice upon ("vex") Israel" (1 Macc. 9:50,51). Later, the Jews fortified it against Holofernes (Judith 4:4,5). In the Battle of Beth Horon (66) in the year 66 CE, the first decisive Jewish victory in the First Jewish-Roman War the Roman general Cestius Gallus was driven in headlong flight before the Jews. Eusebius mentions the two Bethorons in their Biblical contexts, noting Joshua's victory and the fortification by King Solomon. The two Palestinian Arab Muslim villages of Beit Ur al-Fauqa and Beit Ur al-Tahta preserve the Hebrew-Canaanite name, and have been identified as the sites of Upper and Lower Bethoron. In 1915, the Palestine Exploration Fund wrote that changes in the main road to Jerusalem had left the Bethoron route "forsaken" and "almost forgotten". The Israeli settlement of Beit Horon was founded in 1977 on a site adjacent to the two towns. Highway 443 follows part of the ancient road. Archaeology Archaeological finds indicate that the lower town was established before the upper one. Potsherds from the Late Bronze Age onward were discovered at Lower Beit Ur, whereas those in Upper Beit Ur date only from the Iron Age onward.

14985480556829633358

Q956243

Froid, Montana History The land that is now Froid was homesteaded by James and Alice Baker, and who erected a building that housed a dry goods store, livery stable, and meat house. One family currently residing in Froid (the Johnsons) are descendants of this couple.Froid was incorporated in 1910. The town made headlines in 2007, when Governor Brian Schweitzer gave the commencement address to the high school graduating class, which consisted entirely of one student, Roxie Britton. The act received considerable soft news coverage for this distinction. Geography Froid is located at 48°20′9″N 104°29′25″W (48.335950, -104.490264), near the North Dakota border and north of Culbertson, Montana, on Highway 16.According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.28 square miles (0.73 km²), all of it land. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 185 people, 92 households, and 49 families residing in the town. The population density was 660.7 inhabitants per square mile (255.1/km²). There were 117 housing units at an average density of 417.9 per square mile (161.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.3% White, 0.5% Native American, and 2.2% from two or more races.There were 92 households of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.7% were non-families. 43.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.84.The median age in the town was 50.9 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 1.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.2% were from 25 to 44; 31.3% were from 45 to 64; and 27.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 45.4% male and 54.6% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 195 people, 97 households, and 51 families residing in the town. The population density was 688.1 people per square mile (268.9/km²). There were 122 housing units at an average density of 430.5 per square mile (168.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.77% White, 5.64% Native American, 1.54% from other races, and 2.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.54% of the population.There were 97 households out of which 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 4.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.4% were non-families. 45.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 29.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.88.In the town, the population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 2.1% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 27.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.The median income for a household in the town was $24,583, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $21,111 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,021. About 11.8% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 7.1% of those sixty five or over.

16232205925107987694

Q30621824

Bartram Trail Regional Library System Namesake The namesake for the library system is William Bartram, a well-known American naturalist whose prominence in the area resulted from his four-year journey in the late 1700s through many of the southern colonies as he identified and discovered various flora and fauna. Also named after him, the Bartram Trail passes through the current communities that are part of the library system. While Bartram was in east Georgia he is recorded to have stayed in the present-day communities of Mary Willis, Taliaferro, and Thomson-McDuffie during his expeditions for his Elements of Botany Engravings. These communities are presently serviced by the Bartram Trail Regional Library System. History The first libraries to lay the groundwork for what would become the Bartram Trail Regional Library System were the Mary Willis Library and the Taliaferro County Library. In 1967 these two individual libraries signed a contractual agreement to form what was known as the Wilkes-Taliaferro Regional Library System. Three years into this agreement, in 1970, Greene County, Georgia joined the system and lengthened the name to the Wilkes-Taliaferro-Greene Regional System.By 1974, with the incorporation of McDuffie County, the library system voted to shorten its name to its current form and create a Wilkes County Library Board in order to oversee the daily operations of their newly grown library system. With an increase in interest for the library, and an ever-growing need for more space, the next decade came with many improvements to the individual buildings. In 1977 the Mary Willis Library opened an annex creating an addition 4,459 square feet of space. In 1980 the McDuffie County Library moved to the newly renovated U.S. Post Office. In 1985 the Green County Library constructed a new building with 8,600 square feet of space. In 1987 the Thomson-McDuffie County Library replaced the old county library granting 13,500 square feet.The last county to construct a new building was Taliaferro County, which opened their new library in 1989. Two years later another addition was added to the Mary Willis Library to add more space for book stacks and meeting rooms.In 1992 Greene County withdrew from the Bartram Trail Regional Library System to join the Uncle Remus Regional Library System to the west. Mary Willis Library The Mary Willis Library was the first free public library in the state of Georgia when it opened in 1889. The free library was a revolutionary concept in a day when all the state's earlier libraries charged users a subscription fee. The library was founded the previous year by Dr. Francis T. Willis in memory of his daughter, Mary. Dr. Willis, a local by birth who had moved to Richmond, Virginia in 1867, left the library as a gift to his hometown and its citizens. Dr. Willis donated his own private collection of books, plus fifteen thousand dollars for the library's construction, two thousand dollars to purchase furnishings and more books, and another ten thousand dollars as an endowment fund.In addition to its current collection of library materials, the Mary Willis Library owns a large and invaluable collection of Wilkes County and other greater Georgia history, including books published by local authors, family memorabilia, and Washington newspapers. The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.The Mary Willis Library serves Wilkes County in Northeast Georgia, a land area of 470 square miles and a population estimated by the office of planning and budgets to be 10,560. Taliaferro County Library The first building that served as the Talioferro County Library was created in 1916 by businessman John Holden "for use of the 'Ladies of Crawfordville.'" Upon Holden's death in 1936 the ownership of the library turned over to the town of Crawfordville and was reassigned to public use.In 1969 the Taliaferro and Wilkes County libraries began the first iteration of a library system in the region. By 1989 the library moved from the original Holden building to a newly constructed brick building a half block away. The increase in space allowed for the creation of meeting rooms as well as the addition of computer capabilities into the present day.The Taliaferro County Library serves a land area of 195.5 square miles and a population estimated by the office of planning and budgets to be 1,921. Thomson-McDuffie County Library The Thomson-McDuffie County Library was first constructed in 1937, and was originally known as the Thomson Community Library. Like the Taliferro Library, the Thomson library was kept and housed by the Woman's Club in McDuffie County.In 1974 the Thomson Community Library joined the Bartram Trail Regional Library System. By 1980 in need of more space it moved to the old U.S. Post Office, but by 1987 required yet another building to house its growing collection. A new building was constructed at 338 Main Street in Thomson, Georgia and renamed the Thomson-McDuffie County Library to acknowledge the help the City of Thomson provided for the library's operation.The Thomson-McDuffie County Library serves McDuffie County in Northeast Georgia, a land area of 256 square miles and a population estimated by the office of planning and budgets to be 22,209.

14831380309319192079

Q9049173

Tin Ka Ping Early life Tin Ka Ping was born in 1919 in the Hakka community of Dabu County, Meizhou, Guangdong Province. His grandfather was a Qing dynasty official who served in Henan Province and fought against the Taiping Rebellion. He was the only son of his father, a businessman who ran a grocery store and a kiln. Business career When his father died in 1935, Tin was forced to quit school at the age of 15 to run the family business. He went to Vietnam in 1937 to export the porcelain clay which Dabu is famous for, and soon controlled 60% of Dabu's export business. However, the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out, and in June 1939 the Imperial Japanese Army occupied Shantou, the main port in eastern Guangdong, blocking the export route from Dabu.Tin moved to Indonesia in 1939 to join his cousin and helped run the latter's metal factory. After the Surrender of Japan in 1945, he founded a factory in Jakarta to process the abundant supply of local rubber, and later expanded the business with a second factory. In 1956, he started the first plastic film factory in Indonesia.Because of government policies that discriminated against Chinese Indonesians, in 1959 he left Indonesia for Hong Kong. He built a factory in Tuen Mun District making plastics and artificial leather, and his Tin’s Chemical Industrial Company became a leader in Hong Kong's chemical industry. He later opened a second factory and owned several industrial buildings. With China's reform and opening in the 1980s, Tin joined many other Hong Kong companies to open factories in the mainland. He opened his first mainland factory in Humen, Dongguan, and gradually grew the business. Philanthropy Tin was involved in philanthropy since the 1960s and 1970s, when he served as a director of Hong Kong's three largest charities at the time: Pok Oi Hospital, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, and Yan Oi Tong.In 1982, he donated more than a billion Hong Kong dollars, which was about 80% of his wealth, to establish the Tin Ka Ping Foundation, dedicated to making donations in education, medical care, transportation, and other public facilities. In 2009, he transferred the rest of his assets into the foundation, and retired from its active management.Having been forced to quit school in his childhood, Tin dedicated much of his resources to funding education. Since the 1980s, Tin made donations to 93 universities, 166 secondary schools, 41 elementary schools, and 19 specialized schools and kindergartens. He also funded 1,800 libraries in rural schools, 29 hospitals, and 130 bridges and roads. There are schools bearing his name in every province, municipality, and autonomous region in China, and he has been honoured as the "Father of a hundred schools" (百校之父). He also sponsored schools in Taiwan, Singapore and the United States.Tin's businesses and foundation suffered massive losses during the 1997 Asian financial crisis. To help fund his foundation, in 2001 he sold his house in Kowloon Tong that he and his wife had lived in for 37 years, and rented a 1,300-square-foot (120 m²) apartment. He donated the entire proceeds of HK$56 million to more than 20 secondary schools. It was seen as an "incredible" decision by Hong Kong media. Honours and awards Tin had received numerous honours and awards in Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, and Britain, for his contributions to public welfare. He was awarded the British Empire Medal in 1982, the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in 1996, and the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2010 by the Hong Kong government. Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui presented him a Gold Plate on Contribution to Public Welfare in 1988. He was named the "Star of Education" by the Hong Kong Loving Hearts Campaign. In 1994, the Purple Mountain Observatory named the asteroid 2886 Tinkaping after him. He was an honorary citizen of more than 80 cities and counties in China, and was awarded the honorary doctorate by more than 10 universities in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.Tin's former home, the Gong Chen Building located in Yintan Village, Gaopo Town, is now protected as a heritage site by the government of Dabu County. It has opened as a museum honouring Tin Ka Ping. Personal life and death Tin was married to Fong Wai-ying. They had more than 20 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. With the belief that it was "better to bequeath virtue rather than wealth to one's children", Tin donated the vast majority of his assets to his charitable foundation.In 2013, when he was 94, Tin was baptised and became a Christian.Tin died on 10 July 2018 in Hong Kong, at the age of 98.

16546604586563267258

Q323682

William Fargo Early life William George Fargo was born in Pompey in Onondaga County, New York on May 20, 1818. He was the eldest of twelve children of William C. Fargo (1791–1878) (formerly of New London, Connecticut) and Stacy Chappel Strong (1799–1869). His younger brother was James Congdell Strong Fargo (1829–1915), president of the American Express Company for 30 years. William's education consisted only of the rudiments taught in a country school as he left school at the age of 13 to carry the mail in Pompey and help support his family.His father, who was born in New London, Connecticut, fought in the War of 1812. The elder Fargo was stationed at Fort Niagara and fought in the battle of Queenston Heights under General Van Rensselaer that resulted in the death of British General Isaac Brock. Fargo was wounded in right thigh, just before the Americans took possession of the ground. His grandfather was William Beebe Fargo (1757–1801), who served with distinction in the Revolutionary War, the son of William Fargo (1726–1813). His great-grandfather was the son of Moses Fargo (1691–1798) and the grandson of Moses Fargo (1648–1742), who was born in Lyons, France. His father Jacent Fargeau, had emigrated with his wife and children to Wales, from where Moses and his elder brother Aaron went to Norfolk, Connecticut in 1670. Career At the age of 13, Fargo left school and started carrying mail for his native village of Pompey, New York. In the winter of 1838, Fargo started working with Hough & Gilchrist, grocers, from Syracuse. He remained there for a year until he went to work with the grocers Roswell and Willett Hinman. After three years, Fargo obtained a clerkship in the forwarding house of Dunford & Co., Syracuse. In 1841, he became a freight agent, an express messenger between Albany and Buffalo, for the Auburn and Syracuse Railroad in Auburn. A year later in 1843, Fargo was a Resident Agent in Buffalo, New York. He left the Auburn and Syracuse Railroad and joined Livingston, Wells & Co., as messenger. American Express Company On April 1, 1845, along with Henry Wells and Daniel Dunning, Fargo organized the Western Express which ran from Buffalo to Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chicago and intermediate points, under the name of Wells & Co. At that time, there were no railroad facilities west of Buffalo, and Fargo, who had charge of the business, made use of steamboats and wagons.In 1845, Daniel Dunning withdrew from the company and in 1846, Henry Wells sold out his interest in this concern to William A. Livingston, who became Fargo's partner in Livingston, Fargo & Company. In 1850, three competing express companies: Wells & Company (Henry Wells), Livingston, Fargo & Company (Fargo and William A. Livingston), and Wells, Butterfield & Company, the successor earlier in 1850 of Butterfield, Wasson & Company (John Warren Butterfield), were consolidated and became the American Express Company, with Wells as President and Fargo as Secretary.In 1866, upon the resignation of Henry Wells and American Express' merger with the Merchants Union Express Company, Fargo was elected President of the American Express Company. He was president of the American Express Company until his death in 1881, at which point his brother, J. C. Fargo, assumed the presidency, which he held until 1914. Wells Fargo & Company In 1852, Henry Wells and Fargo created Wells Fargo & Co. when Butterfield (and other directors of American Express) objected to the extension of its operations to California. The original Wells Fargo & Co. was created to facilitate an express business between New York and San Francisco by way of the Isthmus of Panama and on the Pacific coast. The new company offered banking services, which included buying gold and selling paper bank drafts, and express services, which included rapid delivery of gold and anything else valuable. The company opened for business in the gold rush city of San Francisco, and soon the Company's agents opened offices in the other new cities and mining camps in the West.In 1861, Wells Fargo & Company bought and reorganized the Overland Mail Co., which had been formed in 1857 to carry the United States mail, and of which Fargo had been one of the original promoters. Other Fargo was a director and vice-president of New York Central Railroad Company, a director and shareholder of the Northern Pacific Railway, a director of the Buffalo, New York and Philadelphia Railroad Company, and a shareholder in the Buffalo Coal Company and the McKean and Buffalo Railroad Company. He was also a stockholder in several large manufacturing establishments in Buffalo. Political career In 1861, he was elected mayor of Buffalo, serving from 1862 to 1866, as he was elected to a second term in 1863. During his term as mayor, the Buffalo riot of 1862 took place. Fargo was a lifelong Democrat and stood against secession. He supported the Union during the Civil War by paying a part of the salary of his employees that were drafted. Legacy Fargo's wife Anna died in 1890 and their two surviving children lived elsewhere so the Fargo Mansion stood vacant for 10 years. It was deemed too expensive to maintain and with no buyer, the mansion was demolished and the block cut into residential lots in 1901. The mansion and estate grounds were only 30 years old.Fargo Avenue in Buffalo; the Fargo Quadrangle at the University at Buffalo; and Fargo, North Dakota are named after him.The Fargo Estate Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

1801085404615565688

Q7070803

Nyai Ahmad Dahlan Early life Nyai Ahmad Dahlan was born Siti Walidah in Kauman, Yogyakarta, in 1872 to Kyai Haji Muhammad Fadli, an ulama (Muslim religious leader) and member of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta; the area housed many religious figures from the palace. She was homeschooled in various aspects of Islam, including Arabic and the Qur'an; she read the Qur'an in the Jawi script.Nyai Ahmad Dahlan married her cousin, Ahmad Dahlan. As he was busy developing the Islamic group Muhammadiyah at the time, she followed him in his travels. However, as some of Ahmad Dahlan's reformationist views on Islam were considered radical, the couple at times received threats; for example, before a scheduled trip to Banyuwangi in East Java they received death threats from conservatives there. Sopo Tresno and Aisyiyah In 1914 she established the prayer group Sopo Tresno (literally Who Loves); she and her husband took turns leading the group in reading the Qur'an and discussing its meaning. Soon she began focusing on passages in the Qur'an that dealt with women's issues. By teaching reading and writing through the group, the couple slowed the Christianization of Java through schools sponsored by the colonial government.With her husband and several other Muhammadiyah leaders, Nyai Ahmad Dahlan discussed the formalization of Sopo Tresno as a women's group. Rejecting the first proposal, Fatimah, they decided on the name Aisyiyah, derived from Muhammad's wife Aisha. The new group was formalized on 22 April 1917, with Nyai Ahmad Dahlan as its head. Five years later the organization became a part of Muhammadiyah.Through Aisyiyah, Nyai Ahmad Dahlan founded girls' schools and dormitories, as well as literacy and Islamic education programs for women; she also preached against forced marriage. She would also visit branches throughout Java. In contrast to the traditionally patriarchal Javanese society, Nyai Ahmad Dahlan argued that women were meant to be their husbands' partners. Aisyayah's schools were influenced by Ahmad Dahlan's educational ideology of the Four Tenets (Catur Pusat): education at home, education at school, education in society, and education at places of worship. Leadership and later life After Ahmad Dahlan's death in 1923, Nyai Ahmad Dahlan continued to be active in Muhammadiyah and Aisyiyah. In 1926, she chaired the fifteenth Muhammadiyah Congress in Surabaya; she was the first woman to chair such a conference. As a result of widespread media coverage in newspapers such as Pewarta Surabaya and Sin Tit Po, more influential women joined Aisyiyah, while branches opened on other islands in the archipelago.Nyai Ahmad Dahlan continued to lead Aisyiyah until 1934. During the Japanese occupation, with Aisyiyah banned from working with women by the Order of the Japanese Military in Java and Madura of 10 September 1943, she worked at schools and struggled to keep the students from being forced to worship the sun and sing Japanese songs. During the Indonesian National Revolution, she ran soup kitchens out of her home for soldiers and promoted military service amongst her former students. She also participated in discussions about the war with General Sudirman and President Sukarno.Nyai Ahmad Dahlan died at 1 p.m. local time (UTC+7) on 31 May 1946 and was buried behind the Great Mosque of Kauman in Yogyakarta four hours later. State Secretary Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo and Minister of Religion Rasyidi represented the government at her funeral. Legacy On 10 November 1971, Nyai Ahmad Dahlan was declared a National Heroine of Indonesia by President Suharto with Presidential Decree Number 42/TK of 1971; Ahmad Dahlan had been declared a National Hero ten years earlier. The award was accepted by her granddaughter, M Wardan. She has been compared to women's rights advocate Kartini and guerrillas Cut Nyak Dhien and Cut Nyak Meutia.In Hanung Bramantyo's 2010 film Sang Pencerah (The Englightener), Nyai Ahmad Dahlan was played by Zaskia Adya Mecca; Ahmad Dahlan was played by Lukman Sardi. Personal life Nyai Ahmad Dahlan had six children with Ahmad Dahlan.

980790514891690858

Q7323729

Richard Amsel Early life Richard Amsel was born in Philadelphia.Shortly after graduating from Philadelphia College of Art, his proposed poster art for the Barbra Streisand musical Hello, Dolly! was selected by 20th Century Fox for the film’s campaign after a nationwide artists’ talent search; the artist was 22 at the time. Career As Amsel came to the attention of New York's art enthusiasts, his illustrations caught the attention of Barry Manilow, "then a young singer/songwriter named who was working with Bette Midler, a newly emerging entertainer in cabaret clubs and piano bars. Manilow introduced the two, and it was quickly decided that Amsel should do the cover of her first Atlantic Records album. The cover, for The Divine Miss M proved to be one of the most ubiquitous of the year." More album covers and posters soon followed, as did a series of magazine ads for designer Oleg Cassini.His movie posters commissions included some of the most important and popular films of the 1970s, including The Champ, Chinatown, Julia, The Last Picture Show, The Last Tycoon, The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean, McCabe & Mrs. Miller, The Muppet Movie, Murder on the Orient Express, Nashville, Papillon, The Shootist, and The Sting. (The latter's poster design paid homage to the painting style of J. C. Leyendecker, evoking both his "Arrow Collar Man" and his covers for The Saturday Evening Post.)Although his career was short-lived, his body of work was sizeable, outpacing much of what had been produced by others during his era. His portrait of comedian Lily Tomlin was featured on the cover of Time, and is now housed in the permanent collection at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. In keeping with the magazine's stringent deadlines, Amsel's illustration was created in only two or three days. TV Guide Commissioned by TV Guide in 1972 to design a cover featuring the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, in conjunction with a telefilm about their love affair, Amsel then went on to 13-year association with the publication, during which time he produced more than 40 covers.Amsel's magazine work included portraits of: Ingrid Bergman, Johnny Carson, Katharine Hepburn, Mary Tyler Moore, Elvis Presley, Nancy Reagan, Tom Selleck, Frank Sinatra, John Travolta, and Princess Grace, as well as of Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh, portraits which were created for the television debut of Gone with the Wind. He also created illustrations for the wedding of Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales, and of Richard Chamberlain for the miniseries Shogun.Among the most famous of Amsel's illustrations was his portrait of Lucille Ball, which was created for the magazine's July 6, 1974 issue in recognition of Ball's retirement from series television. "I did not want the portrait to be of Lucy Ricardo," Amsel explained, "but I didn't want a modern-day Lucy Carter either. I wanted it to have the same timeless sense of glamour that Lucy herself has. She is, after all, a former Goldwyn Girl. I hoped to capture the essence of all this." Ball then featured Amsel's work in the opening credits of a two-hour television tribute, CBS Salutes Lucy: The First 25 Years. Later career As film studios changed their marketing style in the 1980s, employing photographs in favor of illustrations, Amsel and other artists were frequently limited to creating work for science fiction, fantasy, and adventure films. In response, Amsel created the posters for Flash Gordon, The Dark Crystal, and Raiders of the Lost Ark which ultimately became his most famous work. Amsel completed two posters, one for Raiders' 1981 release and another, a year later, for its re-release. It has been reported that George Lucas and Steven Spielberg own the originals.Regarding commercial art, Amsel stated, "Commercial art can be and sometimes is art, but if someone hangs a poster, it is still a poster pretending to be something it's not. My work is basically for the printed page, and not for hanging in living rooms... If, however, I paint or draw something that takes people into the realm of fantasy, then I feel that I've accomplished something." Recognition During his career, Amsel received multiple awards, including the New York and Los Angeles Society of Illustrators award, a Golden Key Award from The Hollywood Reporter, and a Grammy Award, as well as citations from the Philadelphia Art Director's Club. Amsel's covers were also shown at the Museum of Television and Radio in Beverly Hills, commemorating TV Guide's fortieth anniversary.Posthumously awarded the University of the Art's Silver Star award for Outstanding Alumni in 2009, Amsel's award was accepted on his behalf at The University of the Arts Commencement Ceremony by his brother, Michael Amsel.A feature film documentary about Amsel's life, tentatively titled "Amsel: Illustrator of the Lost Art," was announced in January 2016. Death His last film poster was for Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, the third of George Miller's apocalyptic action movies with Mel Gibson.His final completed artwork was for an issue of TV Guide, featuring news anchors Tom Brokaw, Peter Jennings and Dan Rather. Amsel died less than three weeks later, succumbing to complications from AIDS on November 17, 1985. When he fell ill, he was to have done the poster for the Romancing the Stone sequel, The Jewel of the Nile.

11032720439382094605

Q56254178

Forastero Personal life Forastero was born on July 30, 1994, in Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, Mexico. At the time of his birth his maternal uncles Carmelo (known under the ring name Cien Caras), Jesús (Máscara Año 2000) and Andrés Reyes González (Universo 2000), were established professional wrestling headliners in Mexico. As Forastero is an enmascarado or "masked wrestler" his birth name is not a matter of public record, a tradition in lucha libre where the personal lives of masked wrestlers are kept out of the spot light. While neither of his parents were wrestlers Forastero followed in the footsteps of his uncles and received training from all three of them prior to, and following his in-ring debut. Several of his cousins also became wrestlers, most notably El Cuatrero, Sansón, Universo 2000 Jr. and Máscara Año 2000 Jr. Professional wrestling career Forastero made his in-ring debut on February 15, 2015, for Leyendas Inmortales de la Lucha Libre (LILL). In his debut Forastero teamed with his cousins E Cuatrero and Sansón to defeat El Hijo del Mr. Mexico, Mr. Jack Jr. and Tyson la Bestia. Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (2015–current) Twelve days later Forastero made his debut for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) as he teamed up with Flash I and Flash II to defeat his cousins and Rafaga. At this point in time Forastero began training at the CMLL wrestling school in Guadalajara, and later Mexico City, furthering his training under Franco Colombo, Virus and Último Guerrero. Initially, Forastero would often face off against his cousins, with the family relationship being downplayed early on in CMLL. Forastero was teamed up with El Hijo del Calavera and Magnum for a tournament to determine the next Occidente Trios Champions. In the first round, they defeated Dragol, Ebola, and Exterminador, but lost to El Cuatrero, Sansón and Jocker. During the summer of 2015 Forastero competed in his first-ever Lucha de Apuestas, or "bet match", the most prestigious match type in lucha libre. Forastero put his mask on the line in a 12-man steel cage match where the last man in the cage would be forced to unmask. Forastero escaped the cage midway through the match, a match that was eventually lost by Espectrum who had to unmask afterward. In the fall of 2015 Forastero began teaming with his cousins on a regular basis, with the trio adopting the name La Sangre Dinamita ("Dynamite Blood") and later Nueva Generacion Dinamitas (NGD; "New Generation Dynamites"), both homages to the Reyes' brothers team known as Los Hermanos Dinamita. On November 1, 2015, NGD defeated Furia Roja, Mr. Trueno and Rey Trueno to win the Occidente Trios Championship.Forastero made his Mexico City debut in October 2016, making his main venue debut teaming with his cousins as they defeated Blue Panther Jr., Esfinge and The Panther. In early 2017 Forastero participated in his first major tournament as he was one of 16 second generation wrestlers participating in that year's La Copa Junior tournament. During the tournament, he eliminated Stigma but was eliminated by Blue Panther Jr. near the end of the match. Two months later Forastero was teamed up with Shocker for the 2017 version of the Gran Alternativa tournament. For the Gran Alternativa CMLL pairs up a rookie with a veteran wrestlers for a tag team tournament. The two defeated Stigma and Titán in the first round of the tournament, but lost to Esfinge and Atlantis in the second round.On July 25, 2017 Nueva Generacio Dinamitas added the Mexican National Trios Championship to their collections as CMLL decided to have them win the belts from Los Hijos del Infierno ("The Sons of the Inferno"; Ephesto, Luciferno and Mephisto. The trio would go on to win CMLL's La Copa Dinastia, defeating the trios of Blue Panther, Blue Panther Jr., The Panter and then Dragon Lee, Místico II and Pierroth. In March 2018 Forastero and Sansón entered a tournament for the vacant CMLL World Tag Team Championship, but were eliminated in the first round by Dragon Lee and Místico in the first round.

8395096241490050942

Q6727223

Madhab Chandra Dash Educational Background Madhab Chandra Dash was born in 1939 in Puri, Orissa. He completed an undergraduate degree in Zoology (Honours) from Ravenshaw College in Cuttack and later completed a masters in Zoology at Utkal University. Dash received his doctoral (PhD) degree in 1970 from the University of Calgary under the guidance of J. B. Cragg. His thesis was titled "Ecology of enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in Rocky Mountain forest soils (Kananaskis region, Alberta, Canada)".After completing his PhD, he returned to India and help grow biological sciences in the State of Orissa and joined the School of Life Sciences at Sambalpur University. Contributions Dash has done pioneering work in vermitechnology, soil ecology, conservation of sea turtles, population biology, quantitative ecology, energetics of soil oligochaetes, larval energetics of amphibia, environmental impact assessment (EIA), sustainable development, environe and environmental pollution and its mitigation. He has been instrumental in providing guidance to 41 doctoral students and numerous masters students.His work on vermitechnology was one of the earliest in India during the late 1970s and he produced one of the early studies on turtle migration and breeding on the coast of Orissa (Gahirmatha). He co-authored one of the earliest book on turtle migrations and population studies to the east coast of India, Gahirmatha in Orissa in 1990. He has conducted work on environmental pollution especially in relation to iron-ore industries, steel and aluminium industries.Dash was a former Member, National Expert Committee for EIA & EMP of Mining Projects (1995–1997 – 3 years), of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi.From 2002 until 2005, he was the Chairman of the National Steering Committee (which consisted of ten high level expert members) for Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility programmes sponsored by TSBF, Nairobi, UNEP, MoEF, (Govt. of India), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi on "Conservation and Sustainable Management for Below Ground Bio-diversity" operating at multiple centers and also contributed to the second phase of the programme from 2007 until 2009.Dash was the Chairman, Expert Committee (that consisted of 11 members) for Environmental clearance to the Thermal Power Plants set up by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF notification No. S.O.-319(E)) from April, 1997 to 2008 by Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar.He was the Chairman of the visiting team of National Assessment and Accreditation Council (UGC), Bangalore to Colleges and Universities – from 2002–2007. He has led over 15 major research projects in Ecology and Environmental Sciences, EIA & EMP etc. sponsored by variety of national and international institutions such as Smithsonian, USA, World Bank, UGC & CSIR, New Delhi, MoEF, New Delhi, Govt. of Orissa.Dash has been an expert advisor to the "House Committee on Environment" of Orissa Legislative Assembly, Government of Orissa since 2005. Prof. Dash has also consulted widely by the industry especially on environment matters (EIA, EMP, Environmental Law).Dash has published more than 200 peer reviewed scientific papers and authored more than 17 books and numerous book chapters for leading publishers across the world such as Cambridge University Press UK, Academic Press USA, Macmillan India and Tata McGraw Hill, India. Awards & Recognition Dash was awarded by the State Government of the Orissa in 1991 its highest scientific honour (Samanta Chandrasekhar Award)for his semninal contributions of life sciences research.He is a fellow of Fellow, National Academy of Science (Allahabad), India and a Fellow, National Institute of Ecology (New Delhi), India.Two species of Indian earthworms have been named after him for his contribution to the field of vermitechnology. Selected Books and Book Chapters Dash, M.C. 1979. Consumers in "Grassland Ecosystems of the World" (Ed. T.T. Coupland), Cambridge University Press, U.K. 609.653 p.Dash, M.C. (co-author), 1980. Decomposer Subsystems. In "Grassland Systems Analysis and Man". (Eds. Breymeyer and van Dyne). Cambridge University Press, U.K. 609–653 p.Dash, M.C. 1987. The Other Annelids (other than Polychaetes). In "Animal Energetics Vol. I" (Eds. Pandian and Vernberg). Academic Press, USA. 261–299.Dash, M.C. 1993. Fundamentals of Ecology. Tata- McGraw Hill, New Delhi (1999, 5th Reprint), 2nd revised edition 2001, 10th reprint, 2008, 525 p., 3rd revised edition,2009(in Press)Dash, M.C. 2000. Role of Enchytraeids in Tropical Agro eco-systems. "In management of Tropical Agro eco-systems and the beneficial of soil Biota". Oxford & IBH Publication (P) Ltd.Dash, M.C. 2004. Ecology, Chemistry and Management of Environmental Pollution. Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi. 322 p.Dash M. C. (2012). Charles Darwin's Plough: Tools for Vermitechnology. IK International Publishers. ISBN 9381141274ISBN 978-9381141274.

10153986271322937939

Q494036

Ko Un Life Ko Un, born Ko Untae in 1933, was the first child of a peasant family living in Gunsan, North Jeolla Province. During a time when the national culture was being suppressed under the Japanese occupation, his grandfather taught him to read and write in Korean. He had also learned Chinese by the age of 8. When he was 12, he found by chance a book of poems by Han Ha-un, a nomadic Korean poet with leprosy, and was so impressed that he began writing himself.Ko was still a teenager studying at Gunsan Middle School when the Korean War broke out in 1950. Many of his relatives and friends died and during it he was forced to work as a grave digger. He became so traumatized that he even poured acid into his ear to shut out the war’s noise, leaving him deaf in one ear. Then in 1952 Ko decided to become a Buddhist monk. After a decade of this life, during which he published his first collection of poems, Otherworld Sensibility (Pian Kamsang, 1960), and his first novel, Cherry Tree in Another World (Pain Aeng, 1961), he chose to return to the lay life. From 1963 to 1966 he lived on the remote island of Jeju-do, where he set up a charity school, and then moved back to Seoul. However, dependent on alcohol and not at peace, he attempted to poison himself in 1970.Another chance discovery changed this negative state. Picking up a newspaper by chance from the floor of a bar, Ko read about Jeon Tae-il, a young textile-worker who set himself alight during a demonstration in support of workers' rights. Inspired by that selfless act, he lost all inclination to kill himself and turned to social activism. After the South Korean government attempted to curb democracy by putting forward the Yusin Constitution in late 1972, he became very active in the democracy movement and led efforts to improve the political situation. In 1974 he established the Association of Writers for Practical Freedom and that same year became a representative of the National Association for the Recovery of Democracy. In 1978 he became vice-chairman of the Korean Association of Human Rights, and vice-chairman of the Association of National Unity in 1979.As a result of these activities, Ko was sent to prison three times, during which he was beaten up and tortured. One of those beatings in 1979 impaired his hearing even further. In May 1980, during the coup d'état led by Chun Doo-hwan, Ko was accused of treason and sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment, although he was released in August 1982 as part of a general pardon. Life now became quieter and in 1983 Ko Un married Sang-Wha Lee, a professor of English Literature, who was eventually to become co-translator of several of his books.Having moved to Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, he now devoted his energies to a prolific writing career but remained as active an organizer as ever. He was elected chairman of the Association of Korean Artists (1989–90) and president of the Association of Writers for National Literature (1992–93). He served as a delegate in the Committee of National Liberation in 1995. In 2000 he visited North Korea as one of the special delegates for the Inter-Korean summit and this resulted in his volume of poems South and North (2000). In the years since then he has made many other visits to North Korea. He is also chairman of a joint North-South project to compose a Pan-Korean Dictionary covering all the different forms of the language spoken today, involving dozens of scholars from both sides of the 38th Parallel. In 2014, he was appointed Goodwill Ambassador for Peace by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO.Ko was not issued with a passport until 1990, when he was at last able to take his place abroad as a leading representative of Korean poetry. From 2007, he served as a visiting scholar in Seoul National University, where he gave lectures on poetry and literature. Since 2010, he was associated with the International Center for Creative Writing at Dankook University. Early in 2013, he was invited to stay for one semester and give several special lectures at the Ca’Foscari University of Venice, Italy, where he was awarded an Honorary Fellowship. On his return to Korea, he moved house from Ansong to Suwon, south of Seoul. Controversy In February 2018, Ko's legacy has been under fire. In a poem translating as "The Beast" or "Monster", published in the Korean literary magazine Hwanghae Literature in December 2017, poet Choi Young-mi accused "En", a fictional character whose biographical details match those of Ko Un, of gross sexual misconduct. Other women in the South Korean literary community have afterwards accused Ko of decades of such conduct and allegedly using his power to coerce other vulnerable writers into sexual relations. Debate has followed about removing Ko's poems from South Korean textbooks. Poetry Ko’s poems range from quiet imagistic reflections to the epigrammatic pieces in Flowers of the Moment with their haiku-like juxtapositions:Some say they can recall a thousand yearsSome say they have already visited the next thousand yearsOn a windy dayI am waiting for a busOther works, however, are huge, like the seven-volume epic of the Korean independence movement under Japanese rule, Paektu Mountain (1987–94). There is also the monumental 30-volume Ten Thousand Lives (Maninbo). This was written over the years 1983-2010 to fulfil a vow made by Ko Un during his final imprisonment, when he was expecting to be executed. If he lived, he swore that every person he had ever met would be remembered with a poem. Speaking of his feelings at surviving the Korean War, when so many he knew had not, he has stated that “I'm inhabited by a lament for the dead. I have this calling to bring back to life all those who have died….I bear the dead within me still, and they write through me.” Maninbo’s discursive structure engages biographical and social themes using the rhythms of informal speech with a cumulative effect that has been compared to “the political and encyclopedic ambitions of Charles Reznikoff's Testimony.” The style is documentary but often leads to a thoughtful ending. Novels Many of Ko Un’s novels relate to Seon (Korean Zen) Buddhism and the spiritual life generally. They include The Garland Sutra or Little Pilgrim (Hwaomkyung, 1991), based on the Avatamsaka Sutra, which concerns a boy’s training under a succession of Buddhist Masters. Son: Two Volumes (1995) uses saga form to tell the history of the school’s Masters in China and Korean. Mount Sumi (1999) deals with the persecution of Buddhism during the 18th century under the Confucian Joseon Dynasty and has as sub-theme the karmic links created between individuals in their former lives.

13641973169312685012

Q5243890

DeForest Porter Early life Porter was born February 2, 1840 in Orleans County, New York and raised in the town of Albion. The ninth of nine children, he was educated in public schools and the Alviam Academy before enrolling at St. Lawrence University. Porter graduated from the university's theology school in 1861. While still in school he actively campaigned throughout New York for Abraham Lincoln's 1860 presidential run.Following graduation, Porter reportedly was ordained as a Unitarian minister. Instead of pursuing a career as a clergyman, he instead apprenticed himself at the law office of Sanford E. Church and Noah Davis. Details of the next few years are unclear with most accounts indicating he was admitted to the bar in 1862 and Porter being wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg during his service in the Union army. In 1865, shortly after the American Civil War ended, Porter married Julia Sophia Trowbridge. The marriage produced a son and they adopted a daughter.Following the wedding, Porter and his wife lived in Plattsmouth, Nebraska for a short time before settling in Brownville, Nebraska. There he established a legal practice and served as assessor, city attorney, and county attorney. In December 1870 Porter won a special election for a seat in the Nebraska House of Representatives. During his term of office he was active in the impeachment of governor David Butler. Associate Justice President Ulysses S. Grant nominated Porter to become an Associate Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court on February 20, 1872. He received Senate confirmation three days later and arrived in Arizona City (now Yuma, Arizona) to take office in mid-April. Within days of his arrival he held his first court session. At the end of his session he visited the Mohave County seat in Hardyville. During the trip he was flabbergasted by the climate and complained to United States Attorney General George Henry Williams that temperatures reached 114 °F (46 °C).Only two of Porter's opinions survive. One of these, Graves v. Alsap, 1 Arizona 275 (1875), deals with the legality of a veto override. The U.S. Congress had passed legislation authorizing the territorial legislature to override a veto with a two-thirds vote. The judge then ruled on whether veto made about the same time as this change was made could be overridden.On February 28, 1876, Porter was recommissioned for a second term. The next year, when Maricopa County was added to his judicial district, he moved from Yuma to Phoenix. Porter's first wife died in 1878. He married Lois Gertrude Cotten of Phoenix in 1880. His second marriage produced one daughter.Porter was commissioned for a third term on November 2, 1880. During his years on the bench he suffered from heart problems that were aggravated by the region's summer heat. Regardless of these problems he was noted as a hard worker. He did not complete his third term as on June 7, 1882 Porter submitted his resignation. Later life During his time on the bench, Porter acquired extensive land holdings in downtown Phoenix along with mining properties throughout central Arizona. At the same time he and Charles Silent were active in encouraging Eastern venture capitalist's efforts to invest in the territory. In addition to his real estate holdings, Porter returned to the practice of law after leaving the bench.By Porter's second term on the bench area residents were encouraging him to run for elected office. He turned down an opportunity to run for Territorial Delegate to Congress in 1878 due to the declining health of his first wife. Two years later he was a candidate for Territorial Delegate during Republican territorial convention but lost the party nomination to Madison W. Stewart. In 1882, Porter was the Republican nominee for Territorial Delegate. He however lost the general election to Granville Henderson Oury 6,121 to 5,141.Porter was elected Mayor of Phoenix in 1883. Two years later he represented Maricopa County in the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature. During the legislative session his "untiring energy and indomitable will" help ensure passage of legislation creating a territorial normal school, territorial insane asylum, and authorization of a railroad link between Phoenix and the Southern Pacific Railroad at Maricopa. The retired judge was elected to a second term as Mayor of Phoenix in 1887. This term saw the 15th Arizona Territorial Legislature move the territorial capital from Prescott to Phoenix. As the session's members traveled by Pullman coach to the new Capital, Mayor Porter helped pay for the entertainment and personally presented each of the legislators with a new silk hat.Porter died on February 17, 1889 while recovering from a severe bout of erysipelas. He received a Masonic funeral prior to burial. He was later re-interred as Phoenix's Greenwood Memorial Park.

8781098817665604984

Q282114

National Highways Authority of India History The NHAI was created through the promulgation of the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988. Section 16(1) of the Act states that the function of NHAI is to develop, maintain and manage the national highways and any other highways vested in, or entrusted to, it by the Government of India. In February 1995, NHAI came into operations and was formally made an autonomous body. It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways, totaling over 92,851.05 km (57,694.97 mi) in length. The NHAI is also responsible of the toll collection on several highways. Yogendra Narain was the first Chairman of NHAI in 1988. He is a retired IAS officer of Uttar Pradesh cadre. Golden Quadrilateral The Golden Quadrilateral is a highway network connecting many of the major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India. A quadrilateral of sorts is formed by connecting Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai, and hence its name. The largest highway project in India and the fifth longest in the world was launched in 2001 by Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee and was completed in 2012. It is part of the first phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) and consisted of building 5,846 km (3,633 mi) four/six lane express highways at a cost of ₹600 billion (US$8.7 billion). North–South and East–West Corridor The North–South and East–West Corridor is part of the second phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) and consists of building 7,142 kilometres (4,438 mi) of four/six lane expressways connecting Srinagar in the north and Kanyakumari in the south, Porbandar in the west and Silchar in the east, at a cost of US$12.317 billion (at 1999 prices). National-Green-Highway-Mission The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), Government of India has promulgated Green Highways (Plantations, Transplantations, Beautification, and Maintenance) Policy – 2015 on 29 September 2015 to develop green corridors along National Highways for sustainable environment and inclusive growth. The policy envisions"development of eco-friendly National Highways with the participation of the communities, farmers, NGOs, private sector, institutions, government agencies and the Forest Departments for economic growth and development in a sustainable manner."Under the aegis of the Policy, development of green corridors is proposed along developed and upcoming National Highways in the width available in existing Right of Way (ROW) in the form of median and avenue plantations.Roadside plantations have immense potential to enhance the green cover of the nation and generate employment opportunities for the rural community. Green Highways Division - under National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has been entrusted with the task of planning, implementation and monitoring roadside plantations along one lakh km network of National Highways which would, in turn, generate one lakh direct employment opportunity in plantations sector in next ten years. For effective project planning, implementation and monitoring GHD has developed Guidelines and Vision Document. Criticism A 2012 report prepared by the World Bank’s Institutional Integrity Unit alleged that fraudulent and corrupt practices were being followed by Indian contractors working on national highway projects funded by it, and sought a thorough investigation into the matter. The report also alleged that contractors paid bribes and gifts, including gold coins, to "influence the actions" of officials and consultants of the National Highways Authority of India.Local bodies and major road owners - including PWD and National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) - were criticized for depending on old technologies and outdates specifications for building and relaying roads. New Numbering System In March 2010, Government of India issued a new list of numbered routes with rationalized and systematic numbering. The odd numbered routes are drawn horizontally, with numbers increasing from western to eastern parts of India. The even numbered routes are, similarly, drawn vertically going north to south, with numbers increasing from eastern to western parts of India. National Green Highways Program Ministry of Transport and NHAI has launched the green highways program.in 2016.

1430079907487097690

Q7758809

The Purple People Eater Composition "The Purple People Eater" tells how a strange creature (described as a "one-eyed, one-horned, flying, purple people eater") descends to Earth because it wants to be in a rock 'n' roll band. The premise of the song came from a joke told by the child of a friend of Wooley's; Wooley finished composing it within an hour.The song establishes that the creature eats purple people, but not whether or not it is itself purple:I said Mr Purple People Eater, what's your line?He said eating purple people, and it sure is fineBut that's not the reason that I came to landI wanna get a job in a rock 'n roll bandThe creature also declines to eat the narrator, "cause [he's] so tough".The ambiguity of the song was present when it was originally played on the radio. In responses to requests from radio disc jockeys, listeners drew pictures that show a purple-colored "people eater".The voice of the purple people eater is a sped-up recording, giving it a voice similar to, but not quite as high-pitched or as fast, as Mike Sammes's 1957 "Pinky and Perky", or Ross Bagdasarian's "Witch Doctor", another hit from earlier in 1958; and "The Chipmunk Song" which was released late in 1958. (Alvin and the Chipmunks themselves eventually covered "Purple People Eater" for their 1998 album The A-Files: Alien Songs.) The sound of a toy saxophone was produced in a similar fashion as the saxophone was originally recorded at a reduced speed. Notable recordings According to Wooley, MGM Records initially rejected the song, saying that it was not the type of music with which they wanted to be identified. An acetate of the song reached MGM Records' New York office. The acetate became popular with the office's young people. Up to 50 people would listen to the song at lunchtime. The front office noticed, reconsidered their decision, and decided to release the song.The Sheb Wooley version crossed to the Billboard R&B listings, and while it did not make Billboard's country chart, it reached No. 4 on the Cashbox country listing.Jackie Dennis covered the song in 1958 and his version reached No. 29 in the UK.Judy Garland recorded the song on her 1958 Capitol Records album Garland at the Grove, accompanied by Freddy Martin & his Orchestra, issued as Capitol T 1118 (mono) and ST 1118 (stereo).Wooley recorded another version of the song in 1967, titled "The Purple People Eater #2" and credited to his alter ego Ben Colder, on the MGM label.A cover version recorded by British comedian Barry Cryer reached No. 1 in the Finnish charts after contractual reasons prevented Wooley's version being released in Scandinavia.Wooley re-recorded the song in 1979 under the title "Purple People Eater" and it was released on the King label. Popularity The Hagen-Renaker ceramics company of California created a figurine of the Purple People Eater as part of its 1958–59 "Little Horribles" line. Due to the common misinterpretation of the lyrics as mentioned above, the creature was purple in color. The figure was a best seller.The enduring popularity of the song led to the nicknaming of the highly effective "Purple People Eaters", the Minnesota Vikings defensive line of the 1970s, whose team colors include purple.From 1982, major British toy manufacturer Waddingtons marketed a children's game inspired by the song. Players competed to remove tiny "people" from the rubber Purple People Eater shell, using tweezers on a wire loop which activated an alarm if coming into contact with its metal jaws.

998048978195042424

Q3639494

George Washington Inaugural Bible The George Washington Inaugural Bible is the bible that was sworn upon by George Washington when he took office as the first President of the United States on April 30, 1789. The Bible has subsequently been used in the inauguration ceremonies of several other U.S. presidents.The Bible is the King James Version, dated 1767, complete with the Apocrypha and elaborately supplemented with the historical, astronomical and legal data of that period. St. John's Lodge No. 1, Ancient York Masons, are the custodians of what is now known as the George Washington Inaugural Bible. The Bible was randomly opened to Genesis 49 during the ceremony. George Washington's inauguration The inaugural ceremony took place on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City, in the presence of a large number of onlookers. Washington was dressed in a suit of dark brown cloth and white silk stockings, all of American manufacture. His hair was powdered and dressed in the fashion of the day, clubbed and ribboned.The oath of office was first administered by Robert R. Livingston. The open Bible on which the President laid his hand was held on a rich crimson velvet cushion by Samuel Otis, Secretary of the Senate. With them were John Adams, who had been elected Vice President; George Clinton, first Governor of New York; Philip Schuyler, John Jay, Maj. Gen. Henry Knox, Jacob Morton (Master of St. John's Lodge, who had retrieved the Lodge Bible when they discovered none had been provided), and other distinguished guests.Without reliable contemporary accounts, the most common account of the event is that after taking his oath, Washington kissed the Bible reverently, closed his eyes and in an attitude of devotion said "So help me God", though this claim is disputed. Livingston then exclaimed, "It is done!" and turning to the people he shouted, "Long live George Washington, President of the United States!", a shout that was echoed and re-echoed by the multitude present.However, there is currently debate as to whether or not he added the phrase "So help me God" to his oath. The only contemporaneous account of Washington's oath is from French consul Comte de Moustier who reported the constitutional oath with no mention of "So help me God". The earliest known source indicating Washington did add "So help me God" is attributed to Washington Irving, aged six at the time of the inauguration, and first appears 60 years after the event.At the conclusion, Washington and the others went in procession to St. Paul's Chapel, in accordance with a Congressional resolution, and there they invoked the blessing of God upon the new government. Other inaugurations and appearances The Bible has since been used for the inaugurations of Warren G. Harding in 1921, Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953, Jimmy Carter in 1977, and George H. W. Bush, whose 1989 inauguration was in the bicentennial year of Washington's. The Bible was also intended to be used for the first inauguration of George W. Bush, but inclement weather didn't allow it. However, the Bible was present in the Capitol Building in the care of three freemasons of St. John's Lodge, in case the weather got better. Because of its fragility, the Bible is no longer opened during meetings of St. John's Lodge.In addition to its duties, the Bible has been used in the funeral processions of Presidents Washington and Abraham Lincoln. The Bible has also been used at the center-stone laying of the U.S. Capitol, the addition of the Washington Monument, the centennials of the cornerstone laying of the White House, U.S. Capitol, and the Statue of Liberty, the 1964 World's Fair as well as the launching of the aircraft carrier USS George Washington. In recent years, it is often displayed in Federal Hall National Memorial, built on the site of Washington's inauguration. St. John's Lodge No. 1 Foundation, Inc. In 2009, the Lodge formed a registered public charity for the purpose of preserving, maintaining and restoring the George Washington Inaugural Bible. In 2014, the St. John's Lodge No. 1 Foundation, Inc., received recognition as an IRS 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.

2033388539194061872

Q1842453

Australia's Funniest Home Videos Synopsis The show is similar in content to You've Been Framed! and America's Funniest Home Videos, which was also created by Vin Di Bona (which was based on Tokyo Broadcasting System's Fun TV with Kato-chan and Ken-chan). The videos frequently feature slapstick and lowbrow humour such as people tripping over or animals behaving in amusing ways. Most videos are overdubbed with a voice-over and sound effects. In a deal with various foreign producers of similar shows, some imported clips are used, in exchange for home-grown videos from Australia.Each new Australian video shown receives AU$500. At the end of each episode the audience watching at home can choose their favourite video of the night from a selection of 4, via telephone and SMS voting. The winning clip receives $10,000. At the end of each year there are semi finals and a grand final, where third place receives a home theatre package from JVC, second place receives a prize package worth around $100,000, normally two or three cars and the winner receives $250,000 in cash although in 2012, the winner received $150,000.For most of the show's life, it has been a half-hour program on Tuesday at 7.30 pm. In 2000 the show moved to 6.30 pm Saturday, and in 2004, was extended to one hour, and now provides a fair amount of non-video content (e.g. End of Year Prize Ads), although the majority of content still comes from videos. In 2014, the show returned to its original half-hour format and airs on Saturday at 7.00 pm. In 2005, the show received a revamp with a new set, logo and theme music, leaving behind the original look of worldwide Funniest Video Shows for a "futuristic" look with a brighter and more open set. Since then, the set has received both minor and major alterations, but still retains a bright and open appearance.In 2013, the show switched from its regular seasonal broadcast to a "summer season" of repeats to allow for broadcasting of the recently introduced The Voice Australia. Special events In the summer of 1999, the show celebrated its 10th birthday hosted by Kim Kilbey & featured special guests Frank Bennett to perform his single Beautiful People including the Sydney Children's Choir singing a special arrangement of the shows theme song along with Jo Beth Taylor. The show's anniversary special includes: Timeline of hosts, bloopers, fashion (all female hosts) and interviews of former hosts Graham Kennedy (archived footage), Jacki MacDonald, Lisa Patrick, Jo Beth Taylor, Catriona Rowntree. This was also the last episode before moving to the Melbourne network and the introduction of a redesigned series in 2000.On 31 December 2003, the show celebrated its 14th birthday which includes: As The Camera Rolls (Toni is wearing a feather scarf and Bridge (Richard Wilkins) is wearing a pirate eye patch. Other features include the introduction of the "Taped Crusader" character, and a videotaped message from former host Catriona Rowntree which paid tribute to inaugural presenter Graham Kennedy before he died in 2005.On 4 April 2009, it celebrated its 20th birthday, some of the features of which include: Timeline of the openings and Fashion (all female hosts) and even more.On 16 April 2011, it celebrated its 21st birthday, some of the features which includes: Timeline of the hosts and more. Australia's Funniest Home Videos: Daily Edition Australia's Funniest Home Videos: Daily Edition (also known simply as The Daily Edition) is a spin-off to Australia's Funniest Home Videos which first aired on the Nine Network from 30 November 2009 to December 2010 and later aired on GO! from 2011. It was a brief 30 minute version of the full show that would broadcast selected clips from the original show, and was hosted by then-current host of the original series Shelley Craft. The show was later cancelled in late-2012. Australia's Naughtiest Home Videos Australia's Naughtiest Home Videos is a controversial one-off special spin-off to Australia's Funniest Home Videos which aired on the Nine Network on 4 September 1992. It was a highly explicit special, depicting videos of sexual situations and other sexually explicit content, and was hosted by Australian radio personality Doug Mulray. It was planned to be a 60-minute broadcast, but due to complaints from both viewers and then-owner on the Nine Network Kerry Packer, was taken off the air part-way through the first and only episode, making it the only Australian television series to have done so. A copy of the full episode was later located at the Nine Network in 2008, after which the episode was edited to comply with new television standards and re-broadcast with commentary from Bert Newton at 8:30 PM on 28 August 2008, one week short of sixteen years after the original special, and at the same airing time.

11690598267884227266

Q8003598

Willem River The Willem River or Willem's River was named during the voyage of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or VOC) ship Mauritius in 1618, under the command of Supercargo Willem Janszoon and captained by Lenaert Jacobszoon, and is one of the few features named on a nautical chart made in 1627.It seems reasonable that Willem River was almost certainly named after Supercargo Willem Janszoon, the Commander of the ship Mauritius. Janszoon was captain of the Duyfken in 1605–1606, when part of the Gulf of Carpentaria was mapped, during the earliest documented visit to Australia by a vessel from Europe.Caert van't Landt van d'Eendracht ("Chart of the Land of Eendracht") is a 1627 chart made by Hessel Gerritsz and is one of the earliest charts showing the coastline of Western Australia. The Willem River is located to the extreme left (north) end of the coastline on the chart and a closer view is provided below. Is Willem River the Ashburton River? It is believed that the Willem River of 1618 is the Ashburton River in Western Australia. The chart shows Willems revier, besocht by 't volck van 't Schip Mauritius in Iulius A° 1618 (translated Willem's River, visited by the crew of the ship Mauritius in July 1618).The detail of the river's position on the chart backs up the claim that this is the Ashburton River, which, being at 21 degrees 40 minutes south and 114 degrees 56 east, is almost exactly the latitude shown on the chart. The chart is oriented with north to the left, showing lines of latitude from 20th parallel south to the 35th parallel south at the base of the map. The lines of latitude appear to be very accurate, matching closely known features through the length of the chart.Other factors to back up that this is the Ashburton River is that it takes almost a 90 degree turn north-east once in the mouth as shown on the chart, and the northern headland of the river mouth in reality is of the same shape as shown on the chart. However, significant changes to the river delta since 1963 alone have been observed. These changes include channel and mouth movements, and erosion and formation of spits. For example, between 1973 and 2008 the eastern spit at Entrance Point migrated eastwards by approximately 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi). 1627 chart accuracy A note on the chart's accuracy is given by the author Heeres in 1899, from the following excerpt.The 1627 chart is speciallyinteresting. Gerritsz., at the time cartographer in ordinary to theE.I.C., has "put together this chart of the Landt van d'Eendracht fromthe journals and drawings of the Steersmen", which means that he availedhimself of authentic data [***]. He acquitted himself of the task toadmiration, and has given a very lucid survey of the (accidental)discoveries made by the Dutch on the west-coast of Australia. In thischart of 1627 the Land of d'Eendracht takes up a good deal of space. Tothe north it is found bounded by the "Willemsrivier", discovered in July1618 by the ship Mauritius, commanded by Willem Janszoon [****].According to the chart this "river" is in about 21° 45' S. Lat., butthere are no reliable data concerning this point.[*** It is evident that he did not use all the data then available. Thus,for instance, he left unused those furnished by the Zeewolf (No. VIII,pp. 10 ff. below), and those of the ship Leiden (No. XV, p. 49).][**** See the Documents under No IX (pp. 12f.).]What Heeres means by the sentence, According to the chart this "river" is in about 21° 45' S. Lat., but there are no reliable data concerning this point, is that in 1899 they had no reliable information about exactly what was at that latitude. Mauritius at North West Cape On 31 July 1618, the Mauritius reached North West Cape (west of Exmouth Gulf), where crew members went ashore and saw footprints; this was the closest that Europeans had yet come to making contact with indigenous Australians in Western Australia.Janszoon and Jacobszoon assumed that the cape was an island: the notion later took hold amongst mariners and cartographers, to the extent that it was named "Cloates Island" in 1720 and this misconception lingered until the 19th century.As Willem's River was also named in July it would appear that the Mauritius, which reached Bantam, Indonesia on 22 August 1618, discovered the river on the same day that they reached North West Cape (that is, 31 July 1618, the last day of July).The 1627 chart was based on a number of voyages, beginning with the 1616 voyage of Dirk Hartog. On that voyage Hartog named Eendrachtsland after his ship, the Eendracht meaning "Unity". Eendrachtsland is one of the earliest names given to the Australian mainland.

16841485980922930283

Q4922841

Mitr Chaibancha Early life Mitr was born into poverty as Pichet Pumhem. His parents separated when he was an infant. At age 8, Mitr moved to Bangkok, where he was enrolled in a Thai boxing school. He became the lightweight boxing champion for his school in 1949 and 1951, and went on to win three lightweight division titles. After finishing secondary school, he studied at Pranakhon College. He was then accepted into the Royal Thai Air Force aviation school, where he was trained as a pilot. After graduation, he worked as a flight instructor at Don Muang Royal Thai Air Force Base.In 1956 some friends showed his photograph to journalist Kingkaew Kaewprasert, who introduced him to Surat Pukkawet, the editor of a movie magazine. Before long Mitra starred in his first film, Chart Sua (Tiger Instinct). It was then he decided to change his name from Pichet Pumhem to Mitr Chaibancha. He caught the attention of movie fans after starring in Chao Nakleng (Gangster Lord), using the character name Rom Ritthikrai from author Sake Dusit's Insee Daeng (Red Eagle) series of novels.He married his wife, Jaruwan, in 1959. In 1961 a son, Yuthana, or Ton, was born. However, the marriage ended in a divorce. Height of fame In 1961 Mitr starred in Banthuk Rak Pimchawee (Love Diary of Pimchawee), his first film with Petchara Chaowarat. This was the beginning of the most celebrated hero-heroine partnerships in Thai cinematic history. The Mitr-Petchara duo made about 165 films together.One of the pair's most famous films was 1970's Monrak luk thung (Thai: มนต์รักลูกทุ่ง, or Magical Love of the Countryside), a musical romantic comedy rhapsodizing Thai rural life.Mitr was an extremely busy actor and was always on the move, going from set to set and sleeping as little as a two or three hours per night.Another of his best-known movies, Pet Tad Pet (Operation Bangkok), was shot in both Bangkok and Hong Kong, and featured Kecha Plianvitheee and Luecha Naruenart as the villains, as well as Hong Kong's then top actress, Regina Piping.Monrak luk thung was one of Mitr's last films. It played in Bangkok cinemas for a solid six months in 1970 and took in 6 million baht, its popularity spurred by the best-selling soundtrack album and Mitr's accidental death while filming Insee Thong. His last film Insee thong was the first film that Mitr produced himself, and it featured the return of his popular character, the masked crime-fighter, Insee Daeng (Red Eagle), the secret alter ego of alcoholic detective Rom Rittikrai.On the last day of shooting, the script called for Mitr, having vanquished the villains, to fly off into the sunset in a helicopter. As the camera rolled, Mitr leapt from the ground to grab a rope ladder hanging from the aircraft, only managing to reach the lowest rung. Unaware of this, the helicopter pilot flew higher and higher, and Mitr finally lost his grip and fell to the ground. The accident was all caught on film and was actually left in the final theatrical release. The fatal fall has since been removed from DVD versions of the film, with Mitr simply flying off into the distance and some onscreen text paying tribute to the star.It was another death that would make 1970 a difficult year for the Thai film industry, as months earlier pioneering director Rattana Pestonji collapsed while giving a speech urging government officials to support the domestic film industry. He died several hours later.Mitr’s death was ruled as a tragic accident. For safety, there should have been two takes for the final scene. The first would have been of Mitr grabbing the ladder and flying off at low altitude. Then, a stunt double would have performed a second shot at a higher altitude. Funeral and memorial shrine On the day of his funeral, the streets leading to the Buddhist temple were packed, with tens of thousands trying to attend his cremation rites. On the DVD of Insee thong, release in 2005 in Thailand, one of the special features is footage of the cremation ceremony. Mitr's body is held up so the throngs of onlookers could catch a last glimpse of the dead star. He was survived by his former wife and one son.A memorial shrine to Mitr is situated on a small street in Jomtien, off Jomtien Road in front of the Amphoe Bang Lamung Revenue Department, behind Jomtien Palm Beach Hotel. The shrine is open from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily. Inside the spirit house is a statue of Mitr holding a pistol in his right hand, reminiscent of his numerous roles as an action movie star. The walls are lined with photographs and other memorabilia. Fortune seekers visit the shrine, shake Kau Cim sticks and then check for the corresponding fortune on tablets hung on the shrine. If wishes have been granted, fortune seekers return and purchase a small offering to leave at the shrine.

6238480776553536370

Q3556820

Machining vibrations Machining vibrations, also called chatter, correspond to the relative movement between the workpiece and the cutting tool. The vibrations result in waves on the machined surface. This affects typical machining processes, such as turning, milling and drilling, and atypical machining processes, such as grinding.A chatter mark is an irregular surface flaw left by a wheel that is out of true in grinding or regular mark left when turning a long piece on a lathe, due to machining vibrations.As early as 1907, Frederick W. Taylor described machining vibrations as the most obscure and delicate of all the problems facing the machinist, an observation still true today, as shown in many publications on machining.Mathematical models make it possible to simulate machining vibration quite accurately, but in practice it is always difficult to avoid vibrations. Industrial context The use of high speed machining (HSM) has enabled an increase in productivity and the realization of workpieces that were impossible before, such as thin walled parts. Unfortunately, machine centers are less rigid because of the very high dynamic movements. In many applications, i.e. long tools, thin workpieces, the appearance of vibrations is the most limiting factor and compels the machinist to reduce cutting speeds and feeds well below the capacities of machines or tools.Vibration problems generally result in noise, bad surface quality and sometimes tool breakage. The main sources are of two types: forced vibrations and self-generated vibrations.Forced vibrations are mainly generated by interrupted cutting (inherent to milling), runout, or vibrations from outside the machine.Self generated vibrations are related to the fact that the actual chip thickness depends also on the relative position between tool and workpiece during the previous tooth passage. Thus increasing vibrations may appear up to levels which can seriously degrade the machined surface quality. Laboratory research Industrial and academic researchers have widely studied machining vibration. Specific strategies have been developed, especially for thin-walled work pieces, by alternating small machining passes in order to avoid static and dynamic flexion of the walls. The length of the cutting edge in contact with the workpiece is also often reduced in order to limit self-generated vibrations.The modeling of the cutting forces and vibrations, although not totally accurate, makes it possible to simulate problematic machining and reduce unwanted effects of vibration.Multiplication of the models based on stability lobe theory, which makes it possible to find the best spindle speed for machining, gives robust models for any kind of machining.Time domain simulations compute workpiece and tool position on very small time scales without great sacrifice in accuracy of the instability process and of the surface modeled. These models need more computing resources than stability lobe models, but give greater freedom (cutting laws, runout, ploughing, finite element models). Time domain simulations are quite difficult to robustify, but a lot of work is being done in this direction in the research laboratories.In addition to stability lobe theory, the use of variable tool pitch often gives good results, at a relatively low cost. These tools are increasingly proposed by tool manufacturers, although this is not really compatible with a reduction in the number of tools used. Other research leads are also promising, but often need major modifications to be practical in machining centers.Two kinds of software are very promising: Time domain simulations which give not yet reliable prediction but should progress, and vibration machining expert software, pragmatically based on knowledge and rules. Industrial methods used to limit machining vibrations The usual method for setting up a machining process is still mainly based on historical technical knowhow and on trial and error method to determine the best parameters. According to the particular skills of a company, various parameters are studied in priority, such as depth of cut, tool path, workpiece set-up, and geometrical definition of the tool. When a vibration problem occurs, information is usually sought from the tool manufacturer or the CAM (Computer-aided manufacturing) software retailer, and they may give a better strategy for machining the workpiece. Sometimes, when vibration problems are too much of a financial prejudice, experts can be called upon to prescribe, after measurement and calculation, spindle speeds or tool modifications.Compared to the industrial stakes, commercial solutions are rare. To analyse the problems and to propose solutions, only few experts propose their services. Computational software for stability lobes and measurement devices are proposed but, in spite of widespread publicity, they remain relatively rarely used. Lastly, vibration sensors are often integrated into machining centers but they are used mainly for wear diagnosis of the tools or the spindle.New Generation Tool Holders and especially the Hydraulic Expansion Tool Holders minimise the undesirable effects of vibration to a large extent. First of all, the precise control of total indicator reading to less than 3 micrometres helps reduce vibrations due to balanced load on cutting edges and the little vibration created thereon is absorbed largely by the oil inside the chambers of the Hydraulic Expansion Tool Holder.

13581679403718617527

Q4372986

Baggensstäket Etymology Baggenstäket, like the nearby firth Baggensfjärden, probably was given its name after the naval hero Jakob Bagge, who owned the nearby estate Boo gård on Värmdö. History Baggensstäket, which was known as Harstäket earlier, was since time immemorial the southern waterway between Stockholm and the Baltic Sea. Until the 13th century the main waterway led through Baggensstäket, Lännerstaviken, and Järlasjön to Hammarbysjön; later it passed Lännerstaviken och Skurusundet. Baggensstäket was the main waterway to Stockholm until the end of the middle ages, when the post-glacial rebound made the channel shallower while at the same time ships progressively had larger drafts. It is also probable that the waterway was made more impassable by filling it with rubble. Such filling with rubble may have been done during conflicts between 1518 and 1520. After the Swedish War of Liberation, king Gustav Vasa ordered a clearing of the waterway.Eric XIV decreed that all ships from foreign countries were to be inspected in Vaxholm and pay toll fees for goods transported to Stockholm. In response, some merchants transferred their cargoes to smaller vessels which were passed in via Baggensstäket, which in this manner became a well-utilized smuggling route. Charles IX decreed in 1602 that a toll station would be placed in Baggensstäket as well. The station was placed at the narrowest point of the strait and is named Knapens hål ("Knaap's hole") after one of the first customs officials, Olof Knaap. In 1680 the toll inspection was moved from Baggenstäket and Vaxholm to Blockhusudden.Architect Nicodemus Tessin the Younger, owner of nearby Boo gård, offered to deepen Baggensstäket to a depth of eight Swedish feet, in return for the privilege to collect a "boom fee"; this was collected from ships which couldn't pass a boom barrier placed in the water at a certain depth. He received this privilege in 1704. The clearing of the strait was done with "90 prisoners, over 40 dalecarlians, 12 timbermen, 24 horses and drivers". In April 1705 the work was completed, even if Tessin didn't manage to make the waterway as deep as he had promised.It was through Baggensstäket the plague came to Sweden in 1710. A boat from Pernau in Estonia had the contagion onboard and when the skipper died at the Erstavik inn at Baggensstäket, the plague gained a foothold in the country.In 1719 a Russian invasion fleet attempted to reach Stockholm through Baggensstäket, but were beaten back by Swedish forces at this last line of defence (see Battle of Stäket). Shortly thereafter three new redoubts were built on both sides of the strait. After the treaty of Nystad in 1721 these defensive works started decaying; in 1742-1743 temporary fortifications had to be erected.The 19th and early 20th centuries saw several proposals of widening and deepening the waterway being laid forth, in order to reopen a convenient route for Stockholm-bound sea traffic from the south. None were accepted, one reason being that this would require further expenditures for new fortifications. An alternative was proposed in 1893: a canal south of Baggenstäket at the bay of Moranviken, a distance of less than a kilometer.Between 1853 and 1947 Gustavsbergsbolaget had the responsibility for maintaining the waterway. The company financed its traffic and the maintenance by among other things extracting a fee from deep-going vessels at Knapens hål. For this purpose a guard booth was built around 1870. There the guard would collect the fee with a håv until 1945, when the last guard retired. Sjöfartsverket took over the responsibility in 1947. In the autumn of 1985 Knapens hål was dredged and widened and new erosion protection was installed.

8973624275482346380

Q2568452

Type Ib and Ic supernovae Type Ib and Type Ic supernovae are categories of supernovae that are caused by the stellar core collapse of massive stars. These stars have shed or been stripped of their outer envelope of hydrogen, and, when compared to the spectrum of Type Ia supernovae, they lack the absorption line of silicon. Compared to Type Ib, Type Ic supernovae are hypothesized to have lost more of their initial envelope, including most of their helium. The two types are usually referred to as stripped core-collapse supernovae. Spectra When a supernova is observed, it can be categorized in the Minkowski–Zwicky supernova classification scheme based upon the absorption lines that appear in its spectrum. A supernova is first categorized as either a Type I or Type II, then subcategorized based on more specific traits. Supernovae belonging to the general category Type I lack hydrogen lines in their spectra; in contrast to Type II supernovae which do display lines of hydrogen. The Type I category is subdivided into Type Ia, Type Ib and Type Ic.Type Ib/Ic supernovae are distinguished from Type Ia by the lack of an absorption line of singly ionized silicon at a wavelength of 635.5 nanometres. As Type Ib and Ic supernovae age, they also display lines from elements such as oxygen, calcium and magnesium. In contrast, Type Ia spectra become dominated by lines of iron. Type Ic supernovae are distinguished from Type Ib in that the former also lack lines of helium at 587.6 nm. Formation Prior to becoming a supernova, an evolved massive star is organized in the manner of an onion, with layers of different elements undergoing fusion. The outermost layer consists of hydrogen, followed by helium, carbon, oxygen, and so forth. Thus when the outer envelope of hydrogen is shed, this exposes the next layer that consists primarily of helium (mixed with other elements). This can occur when a very hot, massive star reaches a point in its evolution when significant mass loss is occurring from its stellar wind. Highly massive stars (with 25 or more times the mass of the Sun) can lose up to 10⁻⁵ solar masses (M☉) each year—the equivalent of 1 M☉ every 100,000 years.Type Ib and Ic supernovae are hypothesized to have been produced by core collapse of massive stars that have lost their outer layer of hydrogen and helium, either via winds or mass transfer to a companion. The progenitors of Types Ib and Ic have lost most of their outer envelopes due to strong stellar winds or else from interaction with a close companion of about 3–4 M☉. Rapid mass loss can occur in the case of a Wolf–Rayet star, and these massive objects show a spectrum that is lacking in hydrogen. Type Ib progenitors have ejected most of the hydrogen in their outer atmospheres, while Type Ic progenitors have lost both the hydrogen and helium shells; in other words, Type Ic have lost more of their envelope (i.e., much of the helium layer) than the progenitors of Type Ib. In other respects, however, the underlying mechanism behind Type Ib and Ic supernovae is similar to that of a Type II supernova, thus placing Types Ib and Ic between Type Ia and Type II. Because of their similarity, Type Ib and Ic supernovae are sometimes collectively called Type Ibc supernovae.There is some evidence that a small fraction of the Type Ic supernovae may be the progenitors of gamma ray bursts (GRBs); in particular, type Ic supernovae that have broad spectral lines corresponding to high-velocity outflows are thought to be strongly associated with GRBs. However, it is also hypothesized that any hydrogen-stripped Type Ib or Ic supernova could be a GRB, dependent upon the geometry of the explosion. In any case, astronomers believe that most Type Ib, and probably Type Ic as well, result from core collapse in stripped, massive stars, rather than from the thermonuclear runaway of white dwarfs.As they are formed from rare, very massive stars, the rate of Type Ib and Ic supernovae occurrence is much lower than the corresponding rate for Type II supernovae. They normally occur in regions of new star formation, and are extremely rare in elliptical galaxies. Because they share a similar operating mechanism, Type Ibc and the various Type II supernovae are collectively called core-collapse supernovae. In particular, Type Ibc may be referred to as stripped core-collapse supernovae. Light curves The light curves (a plot of luminosity versus time) of Type Ib supernovae vary in form, but in some cases can be nearly identical to those of Type Ia supernovae. However, Type Ib light curves may peak at lower luminosity and may be redder. In the infrared portion of the spectrum, the light curve of a Type Ib supernova is similar to a Type II-L light curve. Type Ib supernovae usually have slower decline rates for the spectral curves than Ic.Type Ia supernovae light curves are useful for measuring distances on a cosmological scale. That is, they serve as standard candles. However, due to the similarity of the spectra of Type Ib and Ic supernovae, the latter can form a source of contamination of supernova surveys and must be carefully removed from the observed samples before making distance estimates.

3079996925581444017

Q7430385

Scaredycat Publication history Scaredycat was created by writer Peter B. Gillis and artist Brent Anderson. She had a cameo appearance in Strikeforce: Morituri #5, in the shadows, before making her first full appearance in #6. Subsequently, she joined the cast of Strikeforce: Morituri in #8, up until her death in #19. Notably, her hair was black in her first full appearance, before the artist settled on brown. Fictional character biography Not much is known about Pilar Lisieux, prior to her joining Strikeforce: Morituri. An avid New Age follower, she believed in the existence of spiritual energy in everything and often indulged in meditations, considering herself a mystic. At some point, in 2073, she decided to undergo the Morituri process and assist in the ongoing war of Earth against the formidable alien invaders, known as the Horde. The process was able to grant superhuman abilities to its recipients, proving an invaluable asset in battle. However, it also had a fatal flaw: the recipients of the process could not live more than a year after fully receiving it, because of their organism eventually rejecting the new metabolism inserted in their organism.Having no fear of death, after the guidance she had received from her spiritual guide, Pilar volunteered for the process and after proving genetically compatible for it, underwent it. Eventually, Pilar developed the ability to transmit panic to her opponents, in combination with superhuman speed. Pilar was later given the humorous codename "Scaredycat" by her teammate, Will Deguchi. In retaliation, she gave him the codename "Scatterbrain", owing for his ability to project unfocused psychological conditions on many people at once.Scaredycat, together with Scatterbrain and Toxyn, soon debuted publicly as the second generation of Morituri and met with their veteran teammates, before participating in their first official mission in San Francisco. Later, in the Morituri base, Scaredycat used her terminal to detect any strange messages coming in or out of the base. Soon, she intercepted a communication between the inventor of the Morituri process, Dr. Kimmo Tuolema and a member of the ruling Paedia World Government. Scaredycat was shocked when she realized the official actively discouraged Dr. Tuolema from searching for a cure for the mortal flaw of the Morituri process and instead instructed him to focus his researches on other things. Scaredycat immediately revealed this message to her teammate, Radian. Increasingly distrustful of her superiors and feeling that the Morituri were being treated as expendable pawns, Scaredycat later also confided her fears in the rest of the team, informing them of the exchange between Tuolema and his superior. Death Despite her suspicions about her superiors, Scaredycat remained on the team. Later, she began flirting with Scatterbrain and provoked him by inviting him to read her thoughts. At some point, she finally kissed Scatterbrain and the two began forming a romance. With his clairsentience, Scatterbrain knew she would be the next one to die of the Morituri effect, and informed her of the fact. Scaredycat faced the news quite stoically, stressing that she does not fear anything, including death. Her romance with Scatterbrain was cut short when he slipped into a self-induced coma.The team then went on a mission in the Serengeti, in Africa, attacking some Hordians who were slaughtering animals there. Experiencing surges of power, Scaredycat began realizing that her time was up and used her surge to kill the Hordians, before passing away. She was seen in afterlife, being led by another spirit to meet the Morituri that had fallen before her. Powers and abilities Scaredycat had the ability to move at superhuman speed, her normal speed being increased by a tenfold, thanks to the Morituri process. She could also project fear, inducing shock and panic to her opponents. This effect did not work on machines. Like all recipients of the Morituri process, she also had enhanced strength and resilience. Like all team members, she also donned special boots, which enabled her to fly.

4877346483543054100

Q2231880

Ceylon, Minnesota History Ceylon was platted in 1899. It was named after the island of Ceylon, known today as Sri Lanka. A post office has been in operation in Ceylon since 1899.The name Chanhassen was already in use, so a group of men sitting in Tom Sahr's general store suggested Ceylon for the boxes of Ceylon tea in the store. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.65 square miles (1.68 km²), all of it land. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 369 people, 153 households, and 100 families residing in the city. The population density was 567.7 inhabitants per square mile (219.2/km²). There were 183 housing units at an average density of 281.5 per square mile (108.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.0% White, 0.3% Native American, 1.6% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.9% of the population.There were 153 households of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.6% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.98.The median age in the city was 42.1 years. 25.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.5% were from 25 to 44; 30.6% were from 45 to 64; and 17.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.3% male and 47.7% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 413 people, 175 households, and 121 families residing in the city. The population density was 635.8 people per square mile (245.3/km²). There were 189 housing units at an average density of 291.0 per square mile (112.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.55% White, 0.24% Pacific Islander, and 1.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.18% of the population.There were 175 households out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.80.In the city, the population was spread out with 24.2% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.9 males.The median income for a household in the city was $31,100, and the median income for a family was $32,708. Males had a median income of $23,889 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,607. About 9.6% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.9% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.

10256506696489036809

Q16973279

Dartmouth Marine Slips The Dartmouth Marine Slips was an historic shipyard and marine railway which operated in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia between 1859 and 2003. It was noted for important wartime work during the American Civil War as well as during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. After its closure, the site began redevelopment as King's Wharf, a high-rise residential development. Origins The Dartmouth Marine Slips were opened as the Chebucto Marine Railway in 1859 under the supervision of an American engineer, H.I. Crandall. His plans to use bilge and keel blocks to operate in conjunction with the current marine railway to haul ships in and out of the water was genius.The construction and operation of the Chebucto Marine Railway would not have been possible without the following investors: U.S. Consul Albert Pillsbury; Robert Boak of Boak, Taylor and Co.; and John Wyide of Wier and Co.The Chebucto Marine Railway was frequently used by merchant vessels and, at times, the Royal Navy. It enjoyed early success in the American Civil War by repairing the blockade runners of the American Civil War who paid premium fees for quick repairs. The Marine Railway specialized in refitting hulls that were badly damaged because of the heavy sea swells in the Northern Atlantic."Dart Slip", as it came to be known by many mariners, saw a large expansion and its heaviest work during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II when the yard worked round the clock repairing merchant vessels and naval escort damaged by weather, enemy attacks, and collisions in convoys. The slip was ideally sized to quickly repair Flower Class Corvettes, the workhorse ships of the Royal Canadian Navy. Employment In 1898, the name changed from the Chebucto Marine Railway to the Dartmouth Marine Railway. At this time, hundreds of workers were employed by the shipyard with occupations ranging from shipwrights to painters. Regardless of occupation, the average work day for anyone working at the Dartmouth Marine Railway was at least 14 hours.John Chappell and Alexander Lyle were notable shipbuilders during this time period, and now both are honored with streets being named after them in Dartmouth. Services The final and most commonly known name, the Dartmouth Marine Slips, eventually evolved. They offered a complete range of repair services for vessels up to 3,000 tons. The Slips had a reputation for being a "quick turn-around" repair site. An additional 800 feet (240 m) of berthing space was created to accommodate vessels needing alongside repairs. The Dartmouth Marine Slips provided a variety of services in its latter years: emergency and scheduled repair services for international and domestic fleets, extended repair services to offshore supply vessels servicing drill rigs off Canada's east coast, and also offered float repairs anywhere in Atlantic Canada by mobile ship crew using work boats and work barges. Regular customers over the years included large fishing trawlers, Canadian Coast Guard vessels, the Halifax-Dartmouth ferries and historic vessels such as CSS Acadia. Closure The Dartmouth Marine Slips were bought out in the 1990s by Irving Shipbuilding, owners of Halifax Shipyard which became known for a time as the Halifax Shipyards. Irving operated the two sites together, with the marine slips specializing in smaller and faster repair jobs. In 2003, despite the controversy it caused, the owners of the Dartmouth Marine Slips announced their plans to sell the Slips to Innovative Properties, a real estate development firm. Forty-four workers still employed at the shipyard were relocated to other Irving sites in the HRM region. The official closing date of the Dartmouth Marine Slips was June 20, 2003.The plans for future development of the property, called Kings Wharf, were published in a flyer on July 31, 2007. The plans aimed at residential and commercial properties; however, due to complications, little progress was made at first with construction finally beginning in 2009. Upon completion, the tallest building on the site will be the tallest building in Atlantic Canada, and the tallest on the eastern seaboard of North America north of Boston.

13188922223439500316

Q55628333

Package handle Package handles, or carriers, are used to help people use packaging. They are designed to simplify and to improve the ergonomics of lifting and carrying packages. Handles on consumer packages add convenience and help facilitate use and pouring. The effect of handles on package material costs and the packaging line efficiencies are also critical.A handle can be defined as “an accessory attached to a container or part for the purpose of holding or carrying.” Sometimes a handle can be used to hang a package for dispensing or use.Handles can be built into a package, sometimes in the form of hand holes or hand holds. They can also be attached to a finished complete package after filling and closing, or even at the point of purchase.The performance and design criteria for handles are often detailed in a contract or specification. For example handles for some US government containers are specified in Mil-Std-648. History People have long seen a need to have package forms which are easy for people to carry and to use. Some of these, such as amphora, date from the Neolithic period. Boxes Wooden boxes often have metal handles nailed or otherwise attached to the ends to facilitate handling. Steel boxes also frequently have attached handles or hinged bails.Corrugated boxes can have hand holes die-cut into the ends to assist material handling tasks. Several designs are in use. Care must also be taken for the hand holes not to weaken the strength of the box.Depending on the contents and the degree of handling required, reinforcement is sometimes needed to prevent tearing. Reinforcing tapes, whether pressure -sensitive or heat-activated, can be applied to boxes in the vicinity of hand holes.Separate plastic or composite fitments are also available for corrugated boxes. Plastic bottles Many plastic containers have built in handles. Plastic shipping containers and storage tubs often have handles molded into them. Consumer blow molded containers often have integral handles or are shaped to facilitate grasping.Ssparate handles are sometimes added to a bottle, usually around the neck at the closure. Several methods have been developed. Bags Many types of bags have handles to assist in carrying them. Multi-packs of beverage containers Shrink wrapped Multi-packs often have open ends (bulls eyes) which can be used as handles. Methods are available to reinforce the film, if needed. Handles are often used on beverage carriers. Tape handle Pressure sensitive tape is often used as a handle: filament tape or strong film backed tapes (polypropylene or polyester). A loop can be applied over a package with paper or film used to cover the adhesive in the center portion. Another example with a shrink film package is for a tape to be applied to a film with slits cut in the film on either side of the tape. When the film shrinks, the tape does not and a handle is formed.PSA tape handles can be built into the package structure or can also be added after package completion.Specialized application machinery is sometimes available. Bail handle A bail handle consists of an open loop with ends attached to the item or package, sometimes to fixed mounts or ears. Several designs are available: bails are typically made of metal (wire) or plastic. It is a type of package handle which may be used for carrying or hanging items such as cans, pails, or jars. Testing Several package testing options are available to packaging engineers to help determine the suitability of package handles.People can be used directly in an evaluation. Several different people can carry (and even abuse) handle and package options for subjective ratings. These can be compiled in a report.More objective laboratory procedures are also used. Fixtured ‘’hands’’ of various designs are used to hold a handle (sometimes two handles for a box). ASTM International D6804, Standard Guide for Hand Hole Design in Corrugated Boxes, describes “jerk testing’’ by modified drop test procedures or use of the constant pull rates of a Universal testing machine; these test procedures are also used on other types of packages.Other test procedures are conducted with a static force by hanging a heavily loaded package for an extended time or even using a centrifuge.

3778954535931636010

Q926354

Paris Saint-Germain Handball First titles (1941–2012) The Parisian club was founded in 1941. Initially, it took the name of Patriotes d'Asnières before becoming Asnières Sports one year later. Asnières Sports was presided by Christian Picard, whose son Gérard Picard took over during the 1975–1976 season and remained president until 2003.In 1987, the club's management succeeded in convincing the Paris City Council to partner Asnières Sports and create a major handball team in the capital. This resulted in the Hauts-de-Seine team moving to Paris and being renamed Paris-Racing-Asnières then Paris-Asnières. Relegated in 1989, Paris-Asnières immediately bounced back to the top flight in 1990 after winning the D2 title. At the time, the club's most notable players were future French internationals Jackson Richardson and Patrick Cazal.In 1992, the club came under the management of Paris Saint-Germain Football Club, a partnership that lasted 10 years. This led to another name change, and Paris-Asnières became PSG-Asnières. PSG-Asnières finished second in the LNH Division 1 during the 1995–96 season and then reached the French Cup final in 2001, losing to Montpellier.During that time, PSG-Asnières managed to attract several international players such as Stéphane Stoecklin, Denis Lathoud, Gaël Monthurel, Nenad Peruničić and Olivier Girault. The latter set up home in Paris in 1999, playing for the club until 2008 and then coaching the team until 2011.Under yet another name, Paris Handball began 2002 with new club owner Louis Nicollin. During the next decade, the club played in the EHF Champions League during the 2005–06 season, and won its first major trophy in 2007 with star player Kévynn Nyokas. Paris Handball registered a 28-21 win in the French Cup final over Pays d'Aix.But there were tough times too. At the end of the 2008–09 season, the club was relegated to Division 2. Paris Handball won the LNH Division 2 the very next season and rejoined the top clubs. In 2012, the team narrowly avoided relegation in the last round of play. Domestic dominance (2012–) After being bought by Paris Saint-Germain Football Club owners Qatar Sports Investments (QSI) in 2012, the club became Paris Saint-Germain Handball. Under the initiative of Nasser Al-Khelaifi, a new management and playing team was assembled. Jean-Claude Blanc was named General Manager, Philippe Gardent signed as first-team manager, and a host of international stars arrived at the French capital, including Didier Dinart, Luc Abalo, Samuel Honrubia, Mikkel Hansen, José Manuel Sierra and Antonio García.In the 2012–13 season, PSG claimed their maiden league success, which also meant the club secured a spot in the EHF Champions League. However, PSG were denied the double by Montpellier in the French Cup final.Big-name signings kept coming in the 2013–14 season with the arrivals of Daniel Narcisse, Igor Vori, Jakov Gojun, Fahrudin Melić and Gábor Császár. PSG reached the Champions League quarterfinals for the first time in its history, but failed to keep up the pace with Dunkerque in the league. Despite this, the season finished on a high note, thanks to a victory in the French Cup final against Chambéry, adding a second national cup trophy to the club's honours.In the 2014–15 season, new manager Zvonimir Serdarušić and star signing Nikola Karabatić led the capital club to its second league title following a nail-biting battle for top spot against Montpellier. PSG claimed the trophy on the last day of the season, after a win over Tremblay. The league crown rounded off a domestic treble, going alongside the French Cup and the French Super Cup that they had won after beating Nantes and Dunkerque, respectively. On the European stage, PSG's hopes were dashed, for a second time, by Veszprém in the Champions League semifinals.PSG continued its winning ways in the 2015–16 season by claiming a second French Super Cup and a third league title. However, the crowning moment was reaching the Champions League Final4 for the first time in its history. Along the way, the club downed THW Kiel at the Sparkassen-Arena, where the German side had been undefeated for four years; topped its group for the first time ever; and trumped Kiel in the third-place play-off. Additionally, Mikkel Hansen set a new record for goals in a Champions League season, with no fewer than 141 strikes to his name. Stadium The Stade Pierre de Coubertin, with a seating capacity of 3,400 spectators, serves as PSG's home stadium for LNH Division 1 matches. For EHF Champions League games, on the other hand, the club use Halle Georges Carpentier as its home venue. It has a seating capacity of 4,500 spectators. Training centre In 2022, the club's first team and academy will move to the Paris Saint-Germain Training Center. On the second plateau of the new training ground and sports complex handball players – professionals as well as academy attendees – will enjoy the use of two fields, a stand with a capacity of 250 spectators, fitness rooms, recovery areas, staff offices and meeting rooms.

10756851397952539328

Q18211199

Satish Upadhyay Student life He has a Bachelor of Arts Honours degree in Political Science from Delhi University. While in college, he joined the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) and contested Delhi University Student Union elections as an ABVP candidate. Extremely popular among the students, he was elected as the youngest Vice President of Delhi University Student Union in 1982.He was the Secretary of the ABVP in Delhi State from 1984-1986. Early political career After completing his graduation, Upadhyay joined Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha (BJYM), the youth wing of BJP. He was made the General Secretary (organisation), BJYM of Delhi State in 1988 and continued in the same position till 1990. He rapidly rose to the top echelons of power in BJYM and was made the President BJYM of Delhi State in 2002; a position he held until 2004. He made valuable contributions in the 1993 Delhi Assembly Elections. He was also the member of Media Team at the BJP Headquarters during 1998-2000. Electoral politics He held various important positions in the party. An ardent party worker, his stature in the party grew over the years and after working for the people for three decades, he finally entered electoral politics in 2012 and contested the Municipal Council of Delhi (MCD) elections from Malviya Nagar for Ward No. 161. He won the election and was also entrusted the job of Chairman of the Education Committee of the SDMC. His work as the Chairman brought him much admiration and he was selected for a second term too. He was later selected as the Chairman of the Standing Committee.As the Chairman of the Education Committee, Upadhyay took several measures to make the system more transparent and accountable. He brought improvements in the mid-day-meal scheme, finalised many tendering processes which included construction of municipal school buildings, appointed primary teachers, renewed the municipal children insurance scheme, and introduced a Merit Scholarship Exam.During his tenure, proposals for the opening of four new primary schools and 12 new nursery sections in municipal schools were made, while Computer Aided Learning (CAL) laboratories in municipal schools were re-introduced. He proposed the opening of a central level sports academy and a sports institute in each zone for providing special coaching facility to municipal school students. Establishment of the Teachers' Training Institute was finalised and an action plan for converting semi-concrete school buildings into concrete school buildings was prepared.Upadhyay initiated the "self-defence training programme for girl students and female teachers and disaster management training for school staff and children". He introduced e-toilets and CCTV cameras in the schools and renovated the Science Museum in Sector 6, R.K. Puram. He also organised educational tours for cultural exchange with the northeast states of India and appointed Special Educators for children with special needs.After heading the education committee for two years, he was unanimously elected as the Chairman Standing Committee of the SDMC. Under his Chairmanship, SDMC was able to institutionalise changes for the betterment of the society.In a short span of time, he has made his mark in the Indian political arena and taken the Delhi unit of BJP in a new direction. He was appointed president of BJP's Delhi state unit after the Lok Sabha elections in July 2014 and took over the reins from Dr. Harsh Vardhan.In September 2014, he resigned as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the SDMC to focus on party responsibilities. He is now the primary architect of the party's action plan in Delhi. Social life Since his school days, as a RSS volunteer, Upadhyay has been actively involved in developmental works. He was a member of various religious and social organisations and worked with dedication for the social welfare of people in health and education of underprivileged children in particular. Personal life He is married to Aarti Upadhyay and together they have three children.

4788490643881874565

Q8049876

Yasser Akkaoui Civil society Akkaoui is actively involved in civil society in the Middle East. He has been a committee member of Human Rights Watch in the Middle East since 2010. He is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's taskforce for Middle East and North Africa stock exchanges. He is the regional consultant for the Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE). In April 2010, he was invited to Washington by US president Barack Obama, along with delegates from around the world invested in advancing entrepreneurship, to discuss the state of entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa.Since 2011, Akkaoui is the chairman of the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies (LCPS), the most respected think tank in the Middle East. Established in 1989, it operates as an independently managed, politically neutral, think tank initiating many advocacy initiatives for judicial reforms, transparent budget process, decentralization and local governance, and the enhancement of the function of business associations in policy making. In a recent survey of think tanks conducted by the University of Pennsylvania, LCPS was ranked first out of eleven Lebanese think tanks and eighth out of 217 Arab think tanks. (LINK) From 2008 to 2012, he has been a board member of the Lebanese Transparency Association (LTA), Transparency International’s Lebanese chapter and through LTA, he has co-founded the Institute of Directors in 2010 which aims on promoting good governance in Lebanon. As of 2014, Akkaoui is on the steering committee of the Middle East and North Africa Private Equity Association.Akkaoui founded the Center for Strategic Studies, a non-governmental non-profit organization dedicated to raising awareness on employment issues and developing resources strategies. The association provides guidance to the government on labor economic policies, especially the strong relationship between foreign direct investment and the labor market. Corporate Governance Consulting Through Capital Concept, a company he founded in 2005, Akkaoui advises companies and regulators in the Middle East on corporate governance and was instrumental in the generation of a number of codes. He has advised large companies in the Middle East such as Al Qudra Holding, one of the region's largest investment groups. He is often invited to deliver presentations on corporate governance in the Middle East. For instance, in February 2009, in partnership with the Bahrain Accountants Association and the Bahrain Journalists Association, Akkaoui delivered a presentation on corporate governance for family owned businesses in Bahrain; in April 2009, he was part of a delegation invited by CIPE and the Yemeni Businessmen Club to train board of directors in Yemen on corporate governance. In November 2010, Akkaoui was invited to Oman to be part of a conference on the growth of corporate governance in the MENA region.In 2006, Capital Concept was instrumental in the creation of Hawkama, the Dubai based institute of corporate governance for the Middle East and helped raise funds for its setup. Media As a publisher, Akkaoui has been representing the interests of Executive Magazine since 2001, a media platform he uses to advocate reforms in the Middle East. Executive, established in 1999, is dedicated to providing its readers with in-depth and forward thinking analysis, solid reporting and punchy opinion on Middle Eastern business, economy and public policy. Beyond its commitment to the highest level of business journalism, Executive’s mission is to cover issues that impact the economic development of the Middle East as well as widespread abuses of human rights, corruption in public and private spheres and disregard for the environment and cultural heritage.In 2010, Executive Magazine became the first Lebanon-based, pan-Arab member of Business Publications Audit BPA Worldwide, the world’s largest media auditing organization.In May 2013, Akkaoui was elected board member of Lebanon's chapter of the International Advertising Association for a two year mandate.In the same month, he was also selected to be Lebanon's representative of the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity for the 2013 and 2014 awards. Human Resources Consulting Akkaoui also founded PrimeJob, an executive search advisory firm working along with several established Middle Eastern companies through which he promotes the free movement of labor in the region.(registration required) Education Akkaoui teaches an entrepreneurship course at the American University of Beirut (AUB) as well as at the Ecole Superieure des Affaires (ESA). He also teaches strategic management at AUB. Art Akkaoui has been a strategic partner for the Beirut Art Fair since its inception in 2010. The Beirut Art Fair, held annually, is an exhibition of contemporary art and design from the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia region featuring 40 galleries in an indoor/outdoor space of 5,000 square meters.

14219277425751748112

Q5350478

Ekkehard Wölk Early life He was born in Schleswig, Federal Republic of Germany in 1967. Wölk started piano training at the age of seven. His classical music teachers and professors were Kevin McKenna (Dublin, Ireland), Hartmut Leistritz (conservatory of Lubeck), Eliza Hansen (conservatory of Hamburg), and Gunther Daubler (conservatory of Wurzburg). His jazz improvisation teachers were Walter Norris, Dieter Glawischnig, Richie Beirach, Philip Catherine, John Taylor, Fred Hersch, and Barry Harris.After graduating from high school in 1987 he studied historical and systematic musicology at the University of Hamburg, and later at the Humboldt University in Berlin.From 1988 to 1994 he studied classical piano at the conservatories in Hamburg and Lubeck. 1994 he graduated as a concert pianist and music pedagogue.In 1995, Wölk moved to Berlin and started working as a composer and bandleader, mostly in the jazz field. Silent Films A couple of his works for German films have been released on DVD by New York-based company Kino. Secrets of a Soul by G. W. Pabst from 1926 with Werner Krauss was released in 2008 and The Finances of the Grand Duke by Murnau. Recordings He has six albums released as a pianist and arranger in Germany and Italy:A Meeting of two American Giants - Gershwin/Bernstein (2001)Desire for Spring (2007)Reflections on Mozart (2006)Songs, Chorals and Dances (2005)Homage To Nino Rota (2008)The Berlin Album (2011): several of Wölk's original compositions from his Berlin suite as well as new arrangements of tunes by Mendelssohn, Weill, Eisler and Holländer.Another Kind Of Faith (2017): features Wölk's jazz arrangements of Protestant chorals by Luther, Walter, Schütz and J. S. Bach.Besides that, there are several professional live radio recordings by German broadcasting stations in Berlin and Munich with his trio, mostly original compositions under the title Pictures in Sounds! Compositions Among his most notable works as a composer, there are several large-scale suites for chamber music ensemble in the last ten years, combined with powerful segments of instrumental improvisation.The first of these compositions happened to be the epic six - mouvement suite " Across The Border'`" which was written in the summer of 2000 for piano trio ( including some intended echoes of music by COPLAND and other classical North American composers. This piece is an elaborate attempt to catch an imaginary atmosphere and the basic emotional experience of perpetual motion in travelling through a vast, wild and unexplored continent, musically alternating between tightly arranged ensemble parts and vigorously executed jazz - influenced improvisations.The collection of diverse compositions under the title "Pictures in sounds" (1999–2006)includes a lot of numbers inspired by non- musical motifs from literature and visual arts, sometimes as musical portraits or miniatures and genre- studies, like the pieces 'The Juggler'(1999),`Bartleby’s Blues'(2001), 'Dulcinea' (2001) and 'Master Gepetto`s Nightmare'( 2002).In the winter of 2004, Ekkehard Wölk was invited for a composer`s residency in Ahrenshoop. During that time he worked on the four-part Berlin suite called "People on Sunday" (Babylon Revisited) for septet including violin, alto sax, trombone and clarinet besides the regular piano trio in which he musically depicts the course of life on a Sunday in contemporary Berlin from sunrise to sunset. The suite is structurally inspired by the silent movie by Robert Siodmak and Billy Wilder, Menschen Am Sonntag (1929).In June 2004 Wölk was invited for another composer`s residency in Toronto, Ontario. While taking part in the Gibraltar Point Artists' Residency, he composed a vast 18-part song cycle called "Book of images" based upon early poems by Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926) from his publication The Book of Images.Some extracts from these suites have been frequently performed by the Ekkehard Wölk Trio in the past years and have also been recorded live by Deutschlandradio Kultur, Radio Berlin- Brandenburg and Bayerischer Rundfunk München. Festival Appearances His notable festival appearances include the Mozartfest Würzburg where he delivered piano solo renditions of famous opera songs, the International Jazz Festival in New Delhi , Russia (at the Glinka Hall Philharmonic and the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg), and also in various European countries including Norway, Estonia, Czech Republic, Belgium and Italy.

5275028578155357975

Q5282567

Dispersal of ownership Background Media ownership concentration is a state that fewer individuals or organizations control many and various media entities. For decades this consolidation of media ownership has been progressive and also controversial in the United States. Recent study shows that many media industries in many areas and countries are highly concentrated and dominated by a very small number of firms. Such media conglomerates own large numbers of companies in various media domains, such as television, radio, publishing, movies, and the Internet. For example, the Walt Disney Company, the largest media conglomerate in the United States in terms of revenue, owns the ABC television network, cable channels (for example, ESPN, Disney Channels Worldwide, and ABC Family), and eight television stations. Moreover, they have radio stations such as ESPN Radio, and publishers like Marvel Comics.One of the most prominent critics on this issue, Robert W. McChesney points out that these media conglomerates can have a strong and harmful impact on media culture. According to him, media giants are most likely to be politically conservative, because they usually take advantage of current social structure, and “any upheaval in property or social relations, particularly to the extent that it reduces the power of business, is not in their interest”. He warns possible lack of views that can oppose current societal structure.Other criticism comes from the aspects of mass media as business activities. U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Commissioner, Michael J. Copps criticize concentrating and highly commercializing media ownership by mentioning that “when TV and radio stations are not longer required by law to serve their local communities and are owned by huge national corporations, viewers and listeners have become the products that broadcasters sell to advertisers.” Rationale for the standpoint In 2003, then FCC Chairman Michael K. Powell pushed to relax the FCC's long-standing rules on media concentration, which regulate the market share of cable networks in a market, the number of television stations owned by national networks, and newspaper-TV cross ownership. Powell planned to allow a single company to own up to three television stations, eight radio stations, a local newspaper, a monopolized cable provider and an internet service provider in a single market. He insisted that although FCC had a historic role to protect the diversity of news and information, the recent circumstances surrounding newspaper publishing and television industries forced them to form centralized institutions, for their own survival.C. Edwin Baker, the Nicholas F. Gallicchio Professor of Law and Communication at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, proposes rationale for the standpoint of media owner dispersal, in challenging this FCC's attempts of deregulating media ownership restrictions. Democratic distributive value This normative value is based on the egalitarian premise of democracy, the "One man, one vote" requirement. Baker advocates that this premise should be applied to voice in the public sphere, since voice influences and forms public opinion, more than vote does. In other words, voice can form public opinion and it can also provide the possibility of public deliberation. Consequently, this view leads to discussion that dispersal of media power should be maximized because the media is regarded as the central institution of domestic public sphere. Therefore, according to this value, concentration of media ownership does essentially harm basic principle of democratic society. These are the backbones of the recommendation for a maximization of dispersed media power, which is ultimately represented by the ownership.Regarding this egalitarian "equal voice" goal, Baker noted three caveats. Not everyone has the same ability or the same desire to engage in public communication The democratic distribution value that maximizes dispersal of media power must not overwhelm the competing value of allowing effective speakers to accumulate large audiences. However, Baker notes, this does not mean that a single man can own multiple media outlets and entities. It only suggests that effective speakers are allowed to appeal to and obtain a great size of audiences. This “equal voice” goal should be understood as individual's guaranteed media experience, where they freely express themselves and see themselves and their views are included in public discourse. Increasing media ownership dispersal requires policy measures Dispersed media ownership contributes to equalizing the distribution of media power. Still, other policy measures will be needed because people who have the similar values, experiences, and perspectives tend to control media entities. Government should take care of these demographic commonalities and try to include different demographic groups in public discourse. Some media usefully aim to embody diverse discourses Similar to the second point above, even legal efforts are also required to assure that different voices are represented in media entities. Democratic safeguard value This view argues that wide dispersed media ownership function work as safeguard for democratic society. Baker suggests four examples on how this dispersed media ownership contributes to sound democratic society. Avoid the danger of demagogic power Media conglomerates influence public opinion and may try to control influence over the public sphere. Dispersed ownership can prevent such abuse of power --- the "Berlusconi effect.". The existence of the consolidated media power within the public sphere is a real danger. Democratic society cannot accept this risk of power abuse. Many countries have experienced abuse of the concentrated power implicit in conglomerate media ownership. In fact, in past, German media conglomerate allowed and even supported the rise of Hitler. Reduce the risk of effective external corruption A dispersed media structure increases the number of people who influence over potential corrupters. Criticism Daniel Ho, an Assistant Professor of Law & Robert E. Paradise Faculty Fellow for Excellence in Teaching and Research at Stanford Law School and Kevin Quinn, an Associate Professor in Department of Government and Institute for Quantitative Science at Harvard University, criticize the claim that media consolidation reduces viewpoint diversity. They argue this “convergence hypothesis” is not empirically proven, but it has been recognized as “empirical bedrock” of FCC's regulation on media concentration. By adopting statistical techniques to previous five merger cases, they discuss that these media mergers, such as the merger of The New York Times and The Boston Globe, did not show any statistical correlation with reduction of viewpoint diversity on the media.Responding to their point, Baker argues back that they mistakenly pay attention to the impacts of mergers on viewpoint diversity. Baker argues that source diversity should be focused instead.

8131552098894408730

Q39039689

Diana Gould – Margaret Thatcher exchange An exchange on 24 May 1983 between Diana Gould, an English schoolteacher and former Women's Royal Naval Service meteorological officer, and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was voted in 1999 as one of Britain's most memorable television spots. Gould confronted Thatcher on the BBC current-affairs programme Nationwide over the sinking of the Belgrano, an Argentine warship, during the 1982 Falklands War between the United Kingdom and Argentina. Gould was appearing as a member of the public on Nationwide's On the Spot live election special.ARA General Belgrano, a cruiser, sank with the loss of 323 lives on 2 May 1982, after Thatcher gave the order to attack it when it sailed near a 200-mile exclusion zone the British had declared around the Falkland Islands. It was hit by two Mark 8 torpedoes launched by HMS Conqueror, a nuclear-powered hunter-killer submarine. The sinking was controversial, in part because of a dispute as to whether the ship had been heading toward or away from the exclusion zone when it was hit. Gould believed it had been sailing away from the exclusion zone. It was made public in 2011 that General Belgrano had in fact been ordered to sail toward it.The exchange between Thatcher and Gould became iconic, remembered because of Gould's persistence in asking why Thatcher had given the order, which seemed to rattle the prime minister. It was described as "the day Margaret Thatcher met her match". Thatcher was reportedly angry that the BBC had allowed the question to be asked. Her husband, Denis Thatcher, told the producer that the BBC was run by "a nest of long-haired Trots and wooftahs". Gould wrote a book about her experience, On the Spot: The Sinking of the Belgrano (1984). Diana Gould Diana Sydney Gould (née Prigg, 18 April 1926 – 3 December 2011) was born in Clifton, Bristol. After attending Howard Gardens Grammar School in Cardiff and winning a scholarship to Cambridge, she studied geography at Newnham College, Cambridge, and graduated with first-class honours. She was also awarded blues for hockey, swimming, and diving. After Cambridge, she became a meteorological officer in Cornwall with the Women's Royal Naval Service and married a fellow serviceman, Clifford Gould of the Fleet Air Arm. In 1955, after leaving the Navy, Gould became a part-time PE teacher in Cirencester. Her husband also became a teacher, working at Powell's School and Stratton Primary School in Cirencester. The couple had four children.Gould had studied the Falklands and the Antarctic at Cambridge and had closely followed the discussions about the Belgrano's position when it was hit. Belgrano Action Group After the exchange, Gould became involved with the Belgrano Action Group, an activist group set up by Tam Dalyell, Clive Ponting and others. In 1986 she sat on the organizing committee of their informal public inquiry into the sinking, held on 7 and 8 November that year in Hampstead Town Hall. Thorp report Thatcher's statement that the public would know the full facts in 30 years may have been a reference to a report she had requested from Major David Thorp, who was in charge of signals intelligence on HMS Intrepid during the war, sailing near Ascension Island.Entitled The Sinking of the Belgrano, the report has not been published, but Thorp wrote in his book The Silent Listener (2011) that General Belgrano had been ordered to sail into the exclusion zone to rendezvous with other ships, possibly for a pincer attack against the British, and not to her home port as the Argentine government claimed at the time. Thatcher had read the report, but she did not make the information public. According to the Daily Telegraph, she may not have wanted to disclose the extent of Britain's eavesdropping.

1184959943603289432

Q1334532

Sanmen County History During the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese forced the Italians to give up on a demand to hand over Sanmen Bay to them.Sanmen County from Neolithic human beings have thrived in this land. Xia , suppliers , Zhou is Ouyue ground. Autumn belongs to the country , 306 BC, Chu eliminate Yue, the state of Chu. Qin, three under the central Fujian county . Han Hui Di three years (192 BC), three county Dongou country . Jianyuan six years,　　Sanmen County from Neolithic human beings have thrived in this land. Xia , suppliers , Zhou is Ouyue ground. Autumn belongs to the country , 306 BC, Chu eliminate Yue, the state of Chu. Qin, three under the central Fujian county . Han Hui Di three years (192 BC), three county Dongou country . Jianyuan six years, Three county to county . Emperor Han Zhao began yuan two years (85 BC), three belong answers riverside county to county. Eastern Han Guangwu period (25 AD), three genera County chapter .Three Dadi Dynasty (AD 222–252 years) Linhai County, three is a coastal county, belong to county. Wu Shaodi Taiping two years (AD 257), east to county Linhai County, three is a coastal county.Sui waste County for the state, county waste sea change into the State Department , three is a coastal county, Li Wu states. Emperor cause Dynasty (AD 605), and state for the county, three belong to Yongjia County .Tang Takenori first year (AD 618), Linhai County to the sea state, Takenori four years (AD 621) three Li Haizhou. Takenori five years (AD 622), changed the sea state Taizhou, Taizhou three genera. Taizong Zhenguan the first year (627 AD), Taizhou under the Jiangnan Circuit . Tang Tsung Qianyuan first year (785 years), said the resumption of Taizhou Linhai County, under the Zhejiang East Road .Song Ancestor Xining seven years (AD 1074), points to Liangzhe Liangzhe East, Liangzhe West, is a coastal division, Ninghai two counties, Li Taizhou.Yuan ancestor Yuan fourteen years (AD 1277), changed the way Taizhou Taizhou, eastern Zhejiang executive secretariat under the road.Local Administrative Region Ming Yuan attack system, change of Taizhou Road station state capital .Qing Ming inherited, located Jiaxing-Huzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Jinhua and Quzhou strict temperature at four, three belong to the sea, Ninghai two counties, under the Zhejiang Ningbo, Shaoxing Road .Republic of China, three belong to the sea , Ninghai two counties. In twenty-nine years (AD 1940) set Sanmen County, Taizhou, under the Chief Inspector.February 17, 1949 liberation of three, is the first in Zhejiang Province liberation of the county, under the Taizhou. May 22, 1954 three counties under the jurisdiction of Ningbo. July 1957 Sanmen County, Taizhou recovery genus. May 1983, Ninghai County Salix communes classified Sanmen County. August 1994, the State Council approved, removed to build the city of Taizhou, under the Sanmen County, Taizhou City today. Administrative regions The County administers ten towns, four townships, eight residential areas, and 511 administrative villages.Towns: Haiyou, Shaliu, Zhuao, Tingpang, Liuao, Hengdu, Jiantiao, Lipu, Huaqiao, and Xiaoxiong.Townships: Gaojian, Yanchi, Silin, and Shepan. climate characteristics Sanmen County has obvious subtropical monsoon climate, long summer and winter, spring is short, four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, suitable for light, is in southern Zhejiang Zhejiang humid summer and cold in winter times, humid sub-district. Minimum monthly temperatures throughout the year in January, the average temperature is about 5.3 ℃; the highest monthly temperature in July, the average temperature of about 27.9 ℃; annual average temperature of 16.6 ℃, frost-free period of 242 days. Seasonal distribution throughout the year, each spring and autumn months, more than four months in summer, in winter about two months.By the maritime monsoon, abundant rainfall, average annual rainfall of 1645.3 mm, larger interannual variability of precipitation, interannual difference up to 1200 mm. Changes in annual precipitation has two rainy seasons and two relatively opposing dry season, bimodal distribution, from March to June was the first rainy season, July is relatively light rain period, from August to September by the typhoon, is the second rainy season in October - the second in February for the second period relative to drizzle. Marsh water mountain precipitation is most abundant, is Sanmen County storm center, the average annual precipitation is about 1700 mm. The average annual sunshine of 1863.7 hours. seas Sanmen County ocean located northeast, east, southeast on three sides, the total sea area of 481.7 square kilometers, accounting for 31.9% of the total area of Sanmen County, North Ninghai connected to the sea, east and Xiangshan County waters phase, South and Linhai sea phase adjacent. Coastal Mountains and more towards the direction of the coastline into a more perpendicular or oblique. Coastline of 167 kilometers, along the coast of the stream, Pearl River tour, pavilion next to the river, head Ao River, White River, Huaqiao Creek, Mountain Creek and other streams field into the sea. famous sights Shepan island, mushao beach, Duobao temple language Sanmen has native language, which belongs to Wu language.

3666900909177871740

Q7784779

Third Battle of Nanking Prelude In June 1863 Qing Gen. Bao Chao took Jiufu Island (九洑洲) and the Taiping Army lost control of the entire northern shore of the Yangtze. Imperial Gen. Bao Chao subsequently led his force across the river and camped on the southern bank outside the Shence (神策) Gate of Nanking. In September 1863 Zeng Guofan's younger brother, Gen. Zeng Guoquan, attacked and took the Shangfang Bridge (上方桥) region southeast of the city and the Jiangdong Bridge (江东桥) region to the southwest. Zeng Guoquan continued his quest in the suburbs of Nanking, and by early November 1863 had succeeded in taking regions including Shangfang Gate (上方门), Gaoqiao Gate (高桥门), Shuangqiao Gate (双桥门), Qiqiaoweng (七桥瓮), Muling (秣陵) Pass and Zhonghe Bridge (中和桥). The Taiping Army had therefore lost all of its positions in the southwestern part of the Purple Mountain. By mid-November regions including Chunhua (淳化), Jiexi (解溪), Longdu (龙都), Hushu, Sancha Town (三岔镇) had fallen under the Qing army's control. At the same time the Imperial navy commanded by Imperial Adm. Peng Yulin (彭玉麟) and his deputy, Yang Yuebin (杨岳斌, also known as Yang Zaifu 杨载福), took important regions including Gaochun and Eastern Dam (Dong Ba 东坝) with the help of Bao Chao's forces. By late November the Taiping garrison at Lishui had surrendered to the Qing army. As a result, the Taiping army was evicted from the region within 50 miles of Nanking. On November 25, 1863, Zeng Guoquan and his subordinate, Gen. Xiao Qingyan (萧庆衍), deployed troops at the Ming Xiaoling. The only links to the outside left were the Shence and Taiping Gates.On December 20, 1863, Li Xiucheng returned to Nanking from Danyang and urged Hong Xiuquan to abandon the Taiping capital the next day. However, this suggestion was not accepted by Hong, who took overall command of the operation. He declared that anyone who disobeyed him and God would be immediately executed. This doomed the Taiping army and Nanking by creating widespread discontent and, coupled with other factors, eventually over 200,000 Taiping troops went out of Nanking and surrendered to the Imperial Chinese army during the course of the battle. Those who refused to surrender but were also upset by Hong's decisions chose to break out while they still could, when the siege was still incomplete. Hong, Li and others were unable to stop such acts. On February 28, 1864, Tianbao (天保) Castle at the highest peak of the Purple Mountain fell under the Qing army's control. On March 2, 1864, Zeng Guoquan deployed his troops to Shence and Taiping Gates. The siege of Nanking was completed. Aftermath Li Xiucheng did not get far after his initial breakout. Zeng Guoquan sent out a cavalry force of 700 after him and Li lost contact with Hong Xiuquan's son. Most of the Taiping army's commanders failed to escape: Lie (列) King Li Wancai (李万材) was captured on July 21, 1864 at Chunhua (淳化) Town, while Zhang (章) Lin Shaozhang (林绍璋) and Junior Western King (幼西王) Xiao Youhe (萧友和) was killed at Hushu Town on the same day. On July 22, 1864, Li Xiucheng himself was captured alive near Square Mountain (Fangshan 方山). On July 28, 1864, the overall commander of the battle, Zeng Guofan, reached Nanjing from Anqing and ordered Li to write his confession; he was executed after its completion on August 7, 1864. Only Zun (遵) King Lai Wenguang succeeded in breaking out with his 3,000 cavalry to eventually join and lead the Nien Rebellion, during which he continued to fight for another four years.The success of the Qing Army was partially due to the advanced weaponry adopted, namely firearms. The first Chinese indigenously-built bolt-action single-shot rifle appeared in 1864, and although they were few in number, proved themselves over other firearms and certainly over ancient weapons such as swords, sabres, spears and lances. The third battle of Nanking was a testing ground for the first modern Chinese firearms used in battle.

8586112304328361180

Q11434

Batu, East Java History Since the 10th century, the area of Batu and its surroundings has been known as a resting place for the royal family, because the region is a mountainous area with comfortable air, also supported by the beauty of natural scenery as a characteristic of mountainous regions.During the reign of Medang Kingdom under King Sindok, a royal official named Mpu Supo was ordered by the King to build a royal family resting place in the mountains with nearby water springs. With a hard effort, finally Mpu Supo discovered an area which is now better known as the tourist area of Songgoriti. With the approval of King Sindok, Mpu Supo began to build the Songgoriti area as a royal family retreat and built a temple named Supo Temple.From some local community leaders, it has been told that the title Batu comes from the name of a cleric follower of Prince Diponegoro named Abu Ghonaim or referred to as the Kyai Gubug Angin which later the local community was familiar with calling it Mbah Wastu. From Javanese cultural habits that often shorten and shorten the designation of someone's name which is considered too long, also to make it shorter and faster when calling someone, finally Mbah Wastu is called Mbah Tu to be Mbatu or Batu as a term used for a mild climate city in East Java.The history of Abu Ghonaim's existence as a forerunner and person known as a community leader who started the babad alas and was used as inspiration from the designation of the Batu region, in fact Abu Ghonaim himself was from the Central Java region. Abu Ghonaim as a loyal follower of Prince Diponegoro, intentionally left his native area of Central Java and moved to the hillside of Mount Panderman to avoid the pursuit and arrest of the Dutch soldiers (Kompeni). Abu Ghonaim or Mbah Wastu who started his new life together with the surrounding community. Finally, many residents and surrounding communities and other communities came around the residence of Mbah Wastu. Initially they lived in a group (community) in the Bumiaji, Sisir and Temas. Geography The city of Batu lies on the slopes of several mountains. The most prominent are Mount Anjasmoro (2,277 m), Mount Arjuno (3,339 m), Mount Welirang (3,156 m), Mount Banyak (1,306 m), Mount Kawi (2,551 m), Mount Panderman (2,045 m), Mount Semeru (3.676 m), and Mount Wukir (335 m). In the 19th century, the Dutch East Indies government developed Batu as a mountain resort. Villas and resort facilities were built in Batu during the period. Most of the topography of Batu city is dominated by highland and hilly terrain with valleys running down mountain slopes. In northern Batu, there is a dense forest, Raden Soerjo Forest Park, which is a protected forest area. Most soils in Batu city are andosols, sequentially present with cambisol, latosol and alluvial. These form mechanical soils which contain substantial amounts of minerals coming from volcanic eruptions. These soils tend to be very fertile.Batu is a near-exact antipode (or polar opposite) to the city of San Fernando de Apure, Venezuela. Economy The economy of Batu City is highly dependent on tourism and agriculture. The location of Batu City which is in the mountainous region and rapid tourism development makes most of the GDP growth in Batu depended by this sector. In agriculture, Batu is one of the largest apple-producing regions in Indonesia, which makes it dubbed "The City of Apples". Apple agriculture in Batu has four varieties, there are "Manalagi", "Rome Beauty", "Anna", and "Wangling". Also the city produces a lot of vegetables, and garlic. Besides that, Batu is also an artist city where there are many painting and art galleries in this city.The Batu has several shopping centers ranging from modern shopping centers to modern and traditional markets. Among the most famous modern shopping centers in Batu are Lippo Plaza Batu and Plaza Batu, while the famous traditional market in Batu is Pasar Batu. In addition, there is also a floating market in Batu called the Nusantara Floating Market which makes it the first floating market in East Java. The Nusantara Floating Market Complex is a unit of the Museum Angkut tourism complex in Batu.

568803936510964742

Q1377835

Alfa-Bank History Timeline: Charity Since 2004, Alfa-Bank has been assisting the "Life Line", a charity program for saving seriously ill children. Alfa-Bank was the first company to organize a collection of private donations to the foundation. Since September 2008, bank customers have the opportunity to transfer cash donations to help children with the help of the Alfa-Click Internet Bank or a conventional bank transfer without a bank commission. The bank also cooperates with WWF, supports most of the initiatives, and also invites its clients to provide financial support to the Fund.The bank operates volunteer organization "Give the good". The bank collects humanitarian aid for orphanages, boarding schools and social shelters, and also attracts employees as volunteers. Every year, the bank organizes charity events called "Children's Day", "Help me get ready for school", "Christmas miracle". Education Since 1995, the bank has been implementing the "Alfa-Chance" student scholarship program, giving school graduates from various regions of Russia the opportunity to receive higher education at leading universities in the country. Since 2008, the Bank, in cooperation with HSE, has been implementing a program to provide nominal scholarships to first-year students from Russian regions (except Moscow and St. Petersburg), who won prizes at All-Russian School Olympiads and the HSE Multi-Profile Olympiad. In total, the "Alfa-Chance" program involves about 17 institutions of higher education. The Bank is developing the Alfa Fellowship program, which enables young specialists from the United States, Great Britain and Germany to undergo an internship in Russia. Culture Alfa-Bank is actively working in cultural and educational activities primarily aimed at supporting national art.On June 7, 2000, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and Alfa-Bank signed a cooperation agreement, under which the participants agreed to join efforts aimed at the implementation of joint cultural events and creative projects. Every year, with the support of a bank in Russia, exhibitions and concerts are held. In addition, Alfa-Bank participates in the organization of exhibitions and concerts of Russian cultural figures abroad. For example, on February 18, 2000, a concert of the Moscow Virtuosos Symphony Orchestra under the direction of maestro Vladimir Spivakov took place in London. It was the first performance of the band in London for 10 years. The presentation was sponsored by Alfa-Bank.Alfa-Bank, together with the Moscow Literary Fund, is implementing a scholarship support program for writers aimed at motivating authors to create new works of literature: prose, poetry, drama, translations, books for children.The bank is also one of the co-founders of the "Big Book" National Literary Award.Alfa-Bank periodically sponsors or participates in organizing concerts of foreign stars in Russia. Among others, Bono(2010), Elton John (1995, 2001 and 2007), Aerosmith (2007), Sting (1996, 2001 and 2006), Whitney Houston (2004), Paul McCartney (2003 and 2004). However, some of the invited singers perform in Russia for the first time. Alfa-Bank organizes an electronic music and technology festival Alfa Future People. The headliners are the "stars" of the world electronic scene, such as Paul Oakenfold, Avicii, Skrillex, Pompeya, Tesla Boy, Infected Mushroom, and others.In July 2014, Alfa-Bank announced the launch of the social project "City Tours with Alpha". The Bank provides financial and organizational support to the best museums and a tour desks, supporting the development of city tours. Protection of business reputation On January 21, 2014, Alfa-Bank and Mikhail Fridman filed a lawsuit for the protection of business reputation against the chairman of the Yabloko party, Sergei Mitrokhin, the editorial staff of the Izvestia newspaper and the correspondent of this newspaper. They considered that the statements made by Mitrokhin and Izvestia newspaper that "Aleksei Navalny fulfills the political order of the Alfa Group" do not correspond to reality and discredit their business reputation. But in the end, the court refused to satisfy the company's claim against Mitrokhin.

12230210678708125012

Q427480

Léonard (comics) Léonard in French, and Leonardo in the Dutch translation, is a Belgian comic series about an eponymous inventor and his assistant. It was created by artist Philippe Liégeois and writer Bob de Groot, better known under their pennames "Turk & De Groot". Publication history Inspired by Leonardo da Vinci, the character first appeared in Achille Talon magazine in 1976 and, when that ended, he moved to Eppo for the Dutch version and Pif gadget for the French. He later appeared in book form and has been drawn by the same duo for over 30 years with a similar number of books.The stories are usually short ones ranging from one to half-a-dozen or so pages, though there have been the occasional full-length adventures.All the albums have been published by Lombard Editions in Brussels, Belgium, and by Dargaud in Paris, France. At least four albums have been translated into English, but all are currently out-of-print. The character name was changed to Leonardo. Titles include "Leonardo is a Genius", Leonardo is Still a Genius", "Leonardo:Non-stop Genius" and "Leonardo: Who is This Guy Anyway". Premise Léonard is set in the early Renaissance period (with some aspects of the 20th century thrown in). He is an inventor and self-proclaimed genius who lives in a small town where he comes up with all sorts of inventions. Most of these are based on more recent, real-life achievements including television, fire extinguishers, cars and planes. He has also made more fanciful inventions like time machines and robots.Léonard is flanked by Basile, his long-suffering (and often quite reluctant) assistant. Léonard refers to his younger helper as "Disciple" ("Lackey" in the English version), while Basile calls him "Master".Basile shows, and not without good cause, little of the respect that Léonard feels due to him and their relationship is more one of squabbling worker and employer than that of pupil and mentor. One cannot really blame the Disciple given the Master's arrogance and oversized ego.In fact, far from teaching his Disciple the ways of science, Léonard looks upon him as a convenient guinea-pig for his inventions and shows little sympathy when they go wrong, which they almost always do. Still, Léonard expects his Disciple to be enthusiastic about his inventions, and the resigned Disciple often ironically repeats his motto "I serve science and it's my joy" (" Je sers la science et c'est ma joie "). Storyline The most common storyline is that Léonard comes up with the idea for an invention. He then proceeds to wake up his late-sleeping Disciple using various means which range from loudspeakers to explosives. After being blown to bits or suffering similar injuries, the Disciple gets himself together and grudgingly proceeds to help build and test Léonard's latest idea. This invariably results in more damage to his body and soul, but failure to co-operate will result in him being on the receiving end of Léonard's anvil or blunderbuss which the Master keeps conveniently tucked up in his beard. The story often ends with the Disciple covered in plaster and bandages and even having to go to hospital. Other characters Looking on are Raoul the cat, Bernadette the mouse, and Mathurine the housekeeper. The cat and the mouse are friends and often appear in on-the-side gags: while the main action is being played out by Léonard and his Disciple, the cat and the mouse are involved in action of their own. Another recurring character is Crâne, a talking skull who comments on the scene.There is also a rival inventor, the Great Albert (based on Albert Einstein) who also has an assistant who is every bit as put-upon as Basile. Albert, who is in every way as brilliant and as arrogant as Léonard, first appeared in a full-length adventure entitled La Guerre des génies (French for "Genius Wars") – which included a chapter called "Le Génie contre-attaque" ("The Genius Strikes Back"). Deciding that the town was not big enough for two geniuses, he and Léonard engaged in a fiery feud with both of them coming up with increasingly devastating methods to try to get rid of the other. Running gags in the story included the angry inhabitants chasing both Leonardo and Albert out of town and both men joining forces on occasion to get rid of another passing genius, Nicolas Flamel, and his disciple. Although this story was entirely about the two fighting a huge battle, in later albums they are shown to be on more or less friendly terms. Cartoon series A pilot for a series was made at the beginning of the 1990s by the French cartoon company IDDH, but the full series was never made.A cartoon series with CGI graphics was produced by Dargaud Media. It has been renamed Contraptus for the international market.

17438824418241249997

Q622032

Paphlagonia Geography The greater part of Paphlagonia is a rugged mountainous country, but it contains fertile valleys and produces a great abundance of hazelnuts and fruit – particularly plums, cherries and pears. The mountains are clothed with dense forests, conspicuous for the quantity of boxwood that they furnish. Hence, its coasts were occupied by Greeks from an early period. Among these, the flourishing city of Sinope, founded from Miletus about 630 BC, stood pre-eminent. Amastris, a few miles east of the Parthenius river, became important under the rule of the Macedonian monarchs; while Amisus, a colony of Sinope situated a short distance east of the Halys river (and therefore not strictly in Paphlagonia as defined by Strabo), grew to become almost a rival of its parent city.The most considerable towns of the interior were Gangra – in ancient times the capital of the Paphlagonian kings, afterwards called Germanicopolis, situated near the frontier of Galatia – and Pompeiopolis, in the valley of the Amnias river, near extensive mines of the mineral called by Strabo sandarake (red arsenic or arsenic sulfide), largely exported from Sinope. History The Paphlagonians were one of the most ancient nations of Anatolia and listed among the allies of the Trojans in the Trojan War (ca. 1200 BC or 1250 BC, where their king Pylaemenes and his son Harpalion perished (Iliad, ii. 851—857). According to Homer and Livy, a group of Paphlagonians, called the Enetoi in Greek, were expelled from their homeland during a revolution. With a group of defeated Trojans under the leadership of the Trojan prince Antenor, they emigrated to the northern end of the Adriatic coast and later merged with indigenous Euganei giving the name Venetia to the area they settled.In the time of the Hittites, Paphlagonia was inhabited by the Kashka people, whose exact ethnic relation to the Paphlagonians is uncertain. It seems perhaps that they were related to the people of the adjoining country, Cappadocia, who were speakers of one of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European languages. Their language would appear, from Strabo's testimony, to have been distinctive.Paphlagonians were mentioned by Herodotus among the peoples conquered by Croesus, and they sent an important contingent to the army of Xerxes in 480 BC. Xenophon speaks of them as being governed by a prince of their own, without any reference to the neighboring satraps, a freedom perhaps due to the nature of their country, with its lofty mountain ranges and difficult passes. All these rulers appear to have borne the name Pylaimenes as a sign that they claimed descent from the chieftain of that name who figures in the Iliad as leader of the Paphlagonians. Under the Kingdom of Pontus At a later period, Paphlagonia passed under the control of the Macedonian kings, and after the death of Alexander the Great, it was assigned, together with Cappadocia and Mysia, to Eumenes. However, it continued to be governed by native princes until it was absorbed by the encroaching power of Pontus. The rulers of that dynasty became masters of the greater part of Paphlagonia as early as the reign of Mithridates Ctistes (302–266 BC), but it was not until 183 BC that Pharnaces reduced the Greek city of Sinope under their control. From that time, the whole province was incorporated into the kingdom of Pontus until the fall of Mithridates (65 BC). Roman and Byzantine empires Pompey united the coastal districts of Paphlagonia, along with the greater part of Pontus, with the Roman province of Bithynia, but left the interior of the country under the native princes, until the dynasty became extinct and the whole country was incorporated into the Roman Empire. The name was still retained by geographers, though its boundaries are not distinctly defined by the geographer Claudius Ptolemy. Paphlagonia reappeared as a separate province in the 5th century AD (Hierocles, Synecdemus c. 33). In the 7th century it became part of the theme of Opsikion, and later of the Bucellarian Theme, before being split off c. 820 to form a separate province once again.

3117824626178880687

Q5563749

Giovanni Battista Rizza Life and academic career Born in Piazza Armerina, the son of Giovanni and Angioletta Bocciarelli, he graduated from the Università degli Studi di Genova, earning his laurea degree in 1949 under the direction of Enzo Martinelli. In 1956 he was in Rome at the INdAM, having been awarded a scholarship for his early research activities. A year later, in 1957, he was elected "discepolo ricercatore" in the same institute. During the same year, he gave some lectures on topics belonging to the field of several complex variables, later included in the lecture notes (Severi 1958). In Rome he also met Lucilla Bassotti, who eventually become his wife. In 1961, he won the competitive examination for the chair of "Geometria analitica con elementi di Geometria Proiettiva e Geometria Descrittiva con Disegno" of the University of Parma, scoring first out of the three finalists: a year later, in 1962, he became extraordinary professor, and then, in 1965, ordinary professor to the same chair. In 1979 he became ordinary professor of "Geometria superiore", holding that chair uninterruptedly until 1994: from 1994 up to his retirement in 1997, he was "professore fuori ruolo" in the same department of mathematics where he worked for more than 35 years.Apart from his research and teaching work, he was actively involved as a member of the editorial board of the "Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma", and served also as the journal director from 1992 to 1997. Honors In 1954 he was awarded the Ottorino Pomini prize by the Unione Matematica Italiana, jointly with Gabriele Darbo: the judging commission was composed by Giovanni Sansone (as the president), Alessandro Terracini, Beniamino Segre, Giuseppe Scorza-Dragoni, Carlo Miranda, Mario Villa and Enzo Martinelli (as the secretary).In 1973 he was awarded the golden medal "Benemeriti della Scuola, della Cultura, dell'Arte" by the President of the Italian Republic, as an acknowledgement his research and teaching and achievements as civil servant at the University of Parma.In 1995, to celebrate his 70th birthday, an international conference on differential geometry was organized in Parma: the proceedings were later published as a special issue of the "Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma".In 1999 the University of Parma, where he worked for more than 35 years, awarded him the title of professor emeritus.He is currently an honorary member of the Balkan Society of Geometers and life member of the Tensor Society. Personality traits Enzo Martinelli describes Giovanni Battista Rizza as a passionate researcher with a "strong intellectual force", and his scientific work as rich of geometrical ideas, denoting his strong algorithmic ability. According to Martinelli, Rizza is also a skilled organizer: his ability in organizational tasks is also acknowledged and praised by Schreiber (1973, p. 1), who also alludes the positive opinions of colleagues and students alike about his involvement in research, teaching and administrative duties at the mathematics department of the University of Parma. Research activity Giovanni Battista Rizza has authored 53 research papers and 30 other scientific works, including research announcements, short notes, surveys and reports: he also wrote didactic notes and papers on historical topics, including commemorations of other scientists. His main fields of research are the theory of functions on algebras, the theory of functions of several complex variables, and differential geometry.

13443348714433523895

Q2941803

Catherine Yurievskaya Early life Catherine was born at Saint Petersburg, Russia, on 9 September 1878, while her mother was still the mistress of Tsar Alexander II. When she was two, her parents' morganatic marriage on 6 July 1880 brought about her legitimation, so that she acquired the surname of Yurievsky, the title of knyagina (princess) and the style of Svetlost (Serene Highness).Her father was assassinated in March 1881, when she was three, and she lived thereafter with her mother, brother George, and sister Olga, who settled together in France. France and Russia Catherine's mother took a house in Paris and others on the French Riviera. In 1891, she bought a house in Nice which she called the Villa Georges, in the boulevard Dubouchage. In France the family was able to afford some twenty servants and a private railway carriage.On 18 October 1901, Catherine married at Biarritz Prince Alexander Vladimirovich Baryatinsky (1870–1910). They had two sons, Andrei (born in Paris on 2 August 1902, died 1931) and Alexander (born at Pau, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques, on 24 March 1905 died 1992). They lived at number 6, Place des États-Unis. Baryatinski died in 1910, at the age of thirty-nine.Catherine's brother George died, after a long illness, on 13 September 1913 in Marburg, Hesse, and was buried at St Elizabeth's, Wiesbaden.On 6 October 1916, at Yalta, Catherine married secondly Prince Sergei Platonovich Obolensky (1890–1978), son of General Prince Platon Sergeievich Obolensky. At the time of the Revolution of 1917, she was still in Russia, and it was later reported that she had "walked for miles without food during the Revolution, suffering great hardship". Her new husband, Obolensky, fought in the White Army during the Russian Civil War.Catherine's mother died in 1922, leaving only her house in Nice, the Villa Georges. The family's other houses, in Paris, Neuilly, and Biarritz had been sold at a loss over the years. The same year, Obolensky left Catherine for Alice Astor, the daughter of John Jacob Astor IV. After divorcing him in 1923, Catherine became a professional singer, with a repertoire of some two hundred songs in English, French, Russian and Italian. England In 1932, Catherine bought a house called "The Haven" on Hayling Island, Hampshire, which she chose for its climate, as she suffered from asthma. On 29 November 1934 she attended the wedding at Westminster Abbey of her great-niece Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark to Prince George, Duke of Kent. For many years she was supported by an allowance from Queen Mary, the widow of King George V, but after the Queen's death in March 1953 she was left almost penniless and began selling her possessions.She went to live in a nursing home on Hayling Island and died there on 22 December 1959. She was the last surviving legitimated grandchild of Nicholas I of Russia. She was buried on 29 December in the churchyard of St Peter's, Northney, with an Anglican funeral. Only two members of the family attended her funeral, her former husband Serge Obolensky and her nephew, Prince Alexander Yurievsky (1901–1988), the son of her brother George. She was also survived by her son Alexander and by her grand-daughter Elena Bariatinsky (1927–1988), who had been married a few months before her grandmother's death and was in France.In 1961, a woman in Bramley, Yorkshire, named Olga Maria, claimed to be Catherine's natural daughter, but no more is known of her.

16225138931757985620

Q3322374

Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler Career Born at Julian Hill, a grade II listed building in Harrow, London, Butler was educated at Haileybury and Pembroke College, Cambridge. He graduated with a double first, having also been President of the Cambridge Union Society in Easter (summer) Term 1895. He became a Fellow of Pembroke in 1895 and entered the Indian Civil Service in 1896, having come top in the entrance exam.He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1909. From 1912 to 1916 he was secretary of the Islington Commission on Public Services in India. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1916, a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1918 and a Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 30 December 1919; he was Deputy Commissioner for the Punjab at the time. In 1921 he became President of the Punjab Legislative Council.He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1924 King's Birthday Honours, and was further knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India in December of that year upon his appointment as Governor of the Central Provinces. He was President of the Council of State of India from 1924 to 1925 and Governor of the Central Provinces from 1925 to 1933, and during this same time was chancellor of Nagpur University.Butler did not approve of the policies of Lord Irwin, whom he thought a "weak, well-meaning viceroy" for his moves towards greater Indian self-government. Whereas no Indians had been included in the Simon Commission of the late 1920s, Irwin wanted them involved in further talks, and issued the famous Irwin Declaration on 31 October 1929. Butler, by contrast, wrote to his son Rab (13 August 1930) that "There is nothing like a cut across the buttocks for checking religious emotions – I have generally ordered whipping for the low class people caught at this game". The first Round Table Conference began in November 1930. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact followed on 5 March 1931, followed by a release of prisoners. Butler had wanted to be an official delegate to the Round Table Conference and wrote of Gandhi (28 July 1931) "All this slobber over him disgusts me". The Second Round Table Conference began in September 1931, with the Indian Congress Party taking part.Butler was passed over for two other major governorships. His son Rab, currently Under-Secretary of State for India, lobbied Buckingham Palace and the Home Office for his father to be given a job. He returned to the British Isles and was appointed Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man on 1 May 1933. He held that post from 1933 to 1937, and was then Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge from 1937 to 1948.Butler and his wife visited their son Rab, then Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, at the Foreign Office on 23 November 1938. The diarist Chips Channon, who was Rab's PPS, thought Sir Monty "a fat little fellow of sixty" but Lady Butler "a grand old girl". Butler was also Mayor of Cambridge for two years between 1941 and 1943.Butler died on 7 November 1952. His obituary in "The Times" wrote of his "knack in the handling of men" and of how "ardent disciples of the Gandhian cult were turned into loyal supporters through the tonic effect of responsibility for administration". A memorial service was held at Pembroke on 15 November. The Nawab of Bhopal and the Maharao of Kota State wrote to Rab (who by then was Chancellor of the Exchequer) praising his "illustrious" father. Oliver Franks wrote to Rab that his father had been kind to him when he took over as Provost of Queen's College, Oxford in 1946. A recent Pembroke graduate wrote to tell Rab of the affection in which his father had been held.Butler's estate was valued for probate in 1952 at £33,413 7s 1d (approximately £850,000 at 2015 prices). Family His parents were Spencer Perceval Butler (son of George Butler) and Mary, only child of the Revd Nicholas Kendall of Bodmin. He was the brother of Sir Cyril Kendall Butler KBE, Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler, Sir George Geoffrey Gilbert Butler KBE, and Arthur Francis Norman-Butler OBE.In 1901, he married Ann Gertrude Smith, daughter of George Smith (1833-1919) and the sister of Indian administrators Sir James Dunlop Smith and Charles Aitchison Smith, and Sir George Adam Smith, later Principal of the University of Aberdeen. He was survived by son Rab Butler and daughter Iris Mary Butler.His great-grandson, Justin Welby, was inducted as Archbishop of Canterbury on 21 March 2013.

7041343837808626885

Q2925304

Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade (Polish Samodzielna Brygada Strzelców Karpackich, SBSK) was a Polish military unit formed in 1940 in French Syria composed of the Polish soldiers exiled after the invasion of Poland in 1939 as part of the Polish Army in France. It was commanded by General Stanisław Kopański.The division fought with distinction in the North African Campaign of World War II, notably during the Siege of Tobruk. In 1942 it formed the backbone of the 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division. History In December 1939, three months after the invasion of Poland, the Polish Commander-in-chief, General Władysław Sikorski, decided that a Polish unit in the French territory of Levant be created. On 12 April 1940 the brigade was officially formed in Syria, with Colonel Kopański as its commander. The main base of the brigade was established in Homs and the new unit instantly entered the ranks of the French Armée du Levant. As a unit specializing in mountain warfare, the brigade was thought of as a Polish addition to Allied plans for landings in the Balkans. It was modelled after the standard French mountain infantry brigade, with two infantry regiments (of two battalions each), artillery regiment, reconnaissance regiment (mounted and motorized), signals, engineers and a staff. Although new recruits arrived on a daily basis (mostly evacuated from Poland through Romania, Hungary, Greece and Yugoslavia), the brigade did not reach the planned numbers of 208 officers and 6840 soldiers and NCO's.After its capitulation and the annulment of all France's pacts with Poland and the United Kingdom, the commander of the Armée du Levant General Eugène Mittelhauser decided to support the new Vichy government of Philippe Pétain while the Poles were ordered by Sikorski to leave French territory. On 30 June 1940 the brigade defected to British-controlled Palestine, where it joined the British forces stationed there. Initially composed of 319 officers and 3,437 soldiers, it was soon reinforced to roughly 5,000 men. Among the distinctive features of the unit was a high morale of the soldiers, all of whom were volunteers. In addition, roughly 25% were well educated, a thing uncommon in European armies of the time.Based in Latrun, the brigade was equipped with British weapons, reinforced and trained. In October 1940 it was moved to Egypt, where it undertook garrison duties. Among other tasks it guarded Prisoner-of-war camps and prepared the fortification of Alexandria. However, as Poland was still formally at peace with Italy, it could not be sent to the front. On 12 January 1941 the reorganization along the British regulations ended and the unit was renamed to Polish Independent Brigade Group. It was modelled after a British motorized infantry brigade and was then moved to the port of Haifa, from where it was to be transported to Greece. However, before the first of the detachments had been embarked on the ships, the Battle of Greece ended as the Germans overran that country.On 30 April 1941, during the offensive of Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps, the brigade was moved near to the front at the fort of Mersa Matruh, where it spent the next 10 weeks strengthening defensive positions. It was then withdrawn to the El Amiriya camp near Alexandria, and on 18 August 1941 the first convoy of the brigade's units left for besieged Tobruk. Transported in seven convoys, between 21 August and 28 August, the brigade took over the westernmost perimeter, relieving Australian troops in the process. Fighting alongside the British 70th Infantry Division, the brigade took part in the Siege of Tobruk. Overnight on 9 December, during the British Eighth Army's offensive, Operation Crusader, which was to raise the siege, the Polish brigade seized the strategically important Madauar Hill, town of Acroma and broke through to the Eighth Army. Due to their impact on the battle, the Polish soldiers were awarded with a prestigious title of the Tobruk Rats by their Australian comrades in arms.On 13 December the Carpathian Uhlan Regiment was detached while the remainder of the brigade was attached to XIII Corps of the Eighth Army and took part in the attack on the Axis Gazala defensive line on 15 December. Rommel made a fighting withdrawal to defensive positions around El Agheila but a counterattack by him on 21 January 1942 led to the armies once more facing each other at the Gazala position by early February. On 17 March 1942 the brigade was withdrawn from the front to the El Amiriya camp and then back to Palestine. There it was joined by the Polish forces of General Władysław Anders evacuated from the Soviet Union and was reformed into the 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division. The brigade officially ceased to exist on 3 May 1942.Throughout its existence the brigade lost 156 killed in action (including 127 in the Siege of Tobruk), 467 wounded and 15 missing.

5591938798036107055

Q5158133

Conan blimp The Conan blimp was an orange dirigible owned by Turner Broadcasting System for the purpose of promoting the premiere of Conan O'Brien on his late-night talk show, Conan, on TBS. Background O'Brien's shift from NBC to TBS stemmed from the 2010 Tonight Show conflict between O'Brien and former Tonight Show host Jay Leno. The controversy occurred when, due to the low ratings of The Jay Leno Show and The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien, NBC announced that Leno would be moved from 10:00 p.m. to 11:35 p.m. and O'Brien would be moved from 11:30 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. The announcement occurred seven months after The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien's premiere, and over four years after it was made known that O'Brien would replace Leno as the Tonight Show host. Ultimately, NBC Universal chief Jeff Zucker's decision to reschedule O'Brien and Leno's time slots led to O'Brien's departure from the network and a public outcry from O'Brien's fans on social media sites like Twitter and Facebook. During the controversy, O'Brien's online supporters started the "Team Conan" or "Team Coco" movement, employing phrases such as "I'm With Coco" to show their support for the late-night talk show host. In February 2010, one month after his departure from NBC, O'Brien joined Twitter and acquired 300,000 followers in 24 hours.Many of O'Brien's followers, both fans and celebrities, remained faithful to the "Team Conan" movement throughout his short, contractually-obligated absence from television. As he embarked on The Legally Prohibited from Being Funny on Television Tour and prepared to host Conan on TBS, O'Brien's social media presence became a powerful marketing tool. Prior to announcing the start of Conan, he used Twitter to promote and sell "The Prohibited Tour." The tour's success even led to Conan O'Brien Can't Stop, O'Brien's self-marketed documentary.O'Brien used "The Legally Prohibited from Being Funny on Television Tour" and his social media presence to announce the start of Conan. Being a smaller network than NBC, TBS' goal was to bring as much of O'Brien's united fan base over to their late-night programs as possible. Thus, to promote the never-before-seen late-night talk show as effectively as he did his tour and documentary, O'Brien and TBS developed the Conan blimp. The orange airship, bearing "CONAN" across its side, was designed to engage fans with its social media functions and allow them to get a better feel for the new TBS program's vibe. This included an interactive blim website with a live map and a livecam to track the blimp, promotional television and YouTube commercials, a Flickr image collection and the #TheConanBlimp hashtag on Twitter. O'Brien also developed his own mobile app to share pictures and videos of the Conan cast, crew and blimp.Arguably the most effective social media trend that O'Brien's team took advantage of at that time was Foursquare. In 2010, mobile advertising was quickly becoming the most prominent form of marketing, with Foursquare's social, interactive function at the forefront. O'Brien connected with Foursquare users by allowing them to check into the blimp. Afterwards, users would receive a "Conan Blimpspotter" badge and a message saying, "You've spotted the Conan Blimp! A big orange bag of slow moving gas has never looked so pretty.The blimp's Foursquare application earned 21,000 check-ins and over a hundred comments. During that time, "Team Coco" was also followed by more than 51,000 Foursquare users. The blimp was subsequently nominated for the Location of the Year Shorty Award. Creation and sponsors The blimp was an American Blimp Corporation type A60+, originally built in 2002 to promote the Rolling Stones' 2002 World Tour. Today, the blimp is owned by Van Wagner Airship Group, a branch of Van Wagner Communications LLC. Van Wagner purchased the American Blimp Corporation in September 2012. The blimp is registered as N620LG cn 020. The Conan blimp itself was designed by the Atlanta firm Blue Sky.Prior to Blue Sky handling the physical production of the dirigible, Breakfast, a digital-interactive agency based in New York, developed a small model blimp with video capabilities and an iPad control system. Created for MunNY Exhibit's 2010 Design Week, this design served as the first prototype of the Conan blimp. Breakfast used their model to contribute web design and social media functions to Blue Sky's creation.At the time of the blimp's creation, the promotion of Conan relied heavily on sponsors like AT&T, who funded its advertisements despite the fact that TBS had not yet aired a single episode. AT&T served as Conan's biggest sponsor, funding the blimp's interactive website, promotional commercials and appearances at the MLB postseason games. Appearances The blimp debuted several weeks before the premiere of Conan to provide aerial footage for 2010 Major League Baseball postseason games airing on TBS.Over time, however, the blimp transformed into an iconic comedic symbol of Conan. As opposed to being simply used for promotional purposes, the blimp was incorporated into several of the late-night show's comedic sketches. Typically, the expensive blimp was used for ironically trivial purposes, such as providing aerial coverage of a bike race among Conan's crew. It usually appears along with dramatic music after O'Brien says, "As you know, I am the only television personality...who has...his own blimp."One of the more popular recurring Conan gags involves the blimp following actor Gary Busey around Los Angeles, much to Busey's annoyance.Team Coco announced the blimp was being retired on December 1, 2010. At the time, O'Brien planned to have the blimp donated to the Smithsonian Institution.The blimp then returned to the skies for the 2011 MLB playoffs. It also returned for the Conan shows recorded from New York, NY from October 31 to November 3, 2011. The blimp arrived early to advertise the show and flew over New York City during the week of shows. Users of the application Foursquare were again invited check-in to the blimp to receive a special real cloth badge commemorating the week of shows and the blimp.

9004841856330718392

Q8023698

Wince Background Wince, a large, powerful bay mare with a white blaze and a white sock, on her left foreleg was bred in England by her owner Khalid Abdulla's Juddmonte Farms. Wince was sired by Selkirk an American-bred miler who won the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes in 1991. As a breeding stallion, Selkirk's progeny include fifteen Group One winners including Cityscape (Dubai Duty Free), Leadership (Gran Premio di Milano) and Kastoria (Irish St Leger). Her dam, Flit, won one minor race and was a full sister to the American racemare Skimble (Dahlia Handicap).Wince was trained by Henry Cecil at his Warren Place stables at Newmarket, Suffolk and was ridden in all of her races by Kieren Fallon. 1998: two-year-old season Wince began her career by finishing third in a five furlong maiden race at Leicester Racecourse on 1 June. A month later she was moved up to seven furlongs and recorded her first win in a maiden at Kempton Park. Wince was then moved up to Listed class and finished second to the favourite Fairy Queen in the Star Stakes at Sandown Park. The filly's second win came at Chester in August when she started at odds of 4/9 and won the six furlong Combermere Stakes by four lengths. Wince then returned to Listed class for the Oh So Sharp Stakes at Newmarket in October. She started 5/2 favourite but after Fallon struggled to obtain a clear run in the closing stages she finished fifth of the ten runners behind the 33/1 outsider Snittenby. Despite her defeat, Wince was made 9/4 favourite for the Group Two Rockfel Stakes two weeks later. After being in touch for the leaders for most of the way, she made no impression in the closing stages and finished seventh behind Hula Angel. Her performances had been promising, but did not suggest that she was a likely classic winner. Timeform expressed the opinion that Wince was unlikely to stay beyond seven furlongs. 1999: three-year-old season Wince thrived over the winter of 1998/9 but only became a contender for the 1000 Guineas after her stable's leading filly, Bionic, was ruled out of the race by injury. On her three-year-old debut, Wince was sent to Newbury to contest the seven furlong Fred Darling Stakes, a trial race for the Guineas. Fallon restrained the filly in the early stages before sending her into the lead a furlong from the finish to win by one and a half lengths from the Mill Reef Stakes winner, Golden Silca. Sixteen days after her Newbury win, Wince started 4/1 favourite in a field of twenty-two fillies for the 1000 Guineas. The filly had been the subject of heavy betting support after a trial gallop in which she had finished a close second to the stable's leading colt Enrique, who then finished runner-up in the 2000 Guineas. As the Rowley Mile course was being redeveloped, the race was run on the Newmarket July course for the first time since 1945. The runners split into two groups, with Fallon positioning Wince towards the rear of the group nearest the stands. In the last quarter mile, Wince moved forward under a strong drive from Fallon and took the lead of the stands-side group a furlong from the finish. Despite drifting left towards the centre of the course, she prevailed by half a length from Wannabe Grand, with Valentine Waltz, who had raced on the opposite side of the course, a short head away in third. The win gave Henry Cecil his sixth win in the race equaling the 20th century record set by his father-in-law Noel Murless.On her next appearance, Wince started 5/4 favourite for the Irish 1000 Guineas at the Curragh. Fallon attempted to challenge the leaders in the final quarter mile, but Wince made no progress and finished fifth behind Hula Angel, who beat Golden Silca by a neck. After the race, Wince was examined by racecourse vets who found no serious injury, but Cecil reported that the filly "wasn't quite sound". Before she could run again, Wince later sustained a joint injury to one her hind legs which ended her racing career. Assessment Timeform rated Wince at 94+ as a two-year-old and 117 at three.In their book, A Century of Champions, based on the Timeform rating system, John Randall and Tony Morris rated Wince an "inferior" winner of the 1000 Guineas. Stud record Wince became a broodmare for her owners Juddmonte Stud. She has produced several winners, the best of which was Quiff, a filly sired by Sadler's Wells, who won the Yorkshire Oaks and finished second in the St Leger in 2004.Stud Record2001 Quiff (GB) : Bay filly, foaled 2 March, by Sadler's Wells (USA) - won G1 Yorkshire Oaks, York - 2nd G1 St Leger Stakes, Doncaster2004 Arabian Gulf (GB) : Bay colt, foaled 8 February, by Sadler's Wells (USA) - winner and placed 2nd G3 Chester Vase - at stud in India2006 Dream Win : Bay colt, foaled 21 January, by Oasis Dream (GB) - winner of 4 minor races in England 2010-20122010 Dream Wild : Bay filly, foaled 6 May, by Oasis Dream (GB) - minor winner in England during 2013

14041194634364519103

Q25210968

Bob Moses (band) Formation Howie and Vallance attended the same middle school and high school in Vancouver but were merely acquaintances, despite enjoying similar tastes in music. They had both dabbled into the sounds of California punk, Northwest grunge, and minimalist electronic but never together.After high school, Vallance moved to New York City, where he worked for a record engineering company for Dutch artist Matthew Dekay on Lee Burridge's All Day I Dream imprint. He originally started his career making trance and progressive house music, with early success at the age of 18 with releases on the likes of Ultra Records and remixes for Sia and her record "Buttons" alongside Chris Lake and Markus Schulz. After working for Dekay, Vallance began working on writing and engineering for Get Physical's co-founder and one-half of M.A.N.D.Y., Philipp Jung.Howie continued singing and after a year of attending Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, he also moved to New York. He was originally in the rock band Coalition, known for their song "Snowboarding".After a year, Vallance and Howie reunited in a Lowe's hardware store parking lot. Surprised to see each other in a different country, they decided to spend time together. They started working on music in Howie's apartment. Soon after, they shared a flat together before working on music for the first time as a duo. The duo helped write a vocal hook for one of the songs that Jung was working on. The band experimented with different sounds, since Howie had a background in rock music and Vallance in trance music. They began to experiment and combine the electronic and alternative sounds together.After some studio time and working for a year, the duo showed the Scissor & Thread crew, specifically Francis Harris and Anthony Collins, otherwise known as Frank & Tony, what they had been working on. The band was named Bob Moses by Frank & Tony, who the duo say were keen on giving their artists names that reflect New York City's biggest icons. They suggested it as a tribute to Robert Moses, a prominent New York city planner, who was behind iconic landmarks like Shea Stadium and the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway. Bob Moses released their debut EP, Hands to Hold, on that label in October 2012. Soon after the release of this first EP, they went on to deliver a second, Far from the Tree, before signing to Domino Records in March 2014. Days Gone By (2015–2017) Bob Moses' debut album, Days Gone By, was released on September 18, 2015. "Tearing Me Up" became the most prominent song on the album, earning Grammy Award nominations for best dance recording and best remixed recording, non-classical. It went on to win the latter award for remixer RAC. Vallance said the concept for the song was imagined while both of them were "going through something very similar" in their romantic lives. Howie has pointed out that part of the song's inspiration came from the beat of Gary Glitter's "Rock and Roll Part 2". The song received considerable radio airplay in the United States, having peaked at No. 16 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart.In January 2016, Bob Moses performed on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, after being personally picked by Ellen DeGeneres to appear on the show. They performed "Tearing Me Up". Tracks from Days Gone By have also been played on ABC's TV show, The Catch.On August 19, 2016, Bob Moses released a special Never Enough edition of their album Days Gone By. The album featured remixes of "Like It or Not" and "Tearing Me Up" from artists like A-Trak, RAC, Joris Voorn, and Tale of Us. The album also featured two new bonus tracks, "She Don't Mind" and "Here We Are", along with live versions of "Tearing Me Up", "Before I Fall", and "Nothing At All."In 2017, Bob Moses was nominated for Live Act of the Year at the Electronic Music Awards. Battle Lines (2018) On May 30, 2018, Bob Moses announced a new tour in North America, along with a new single titled "Heaven Only Knows".On July 26, 2018, Domino announced that Bob Moses new album would be released on September 14, 2018. As well as releasing the first single from the album "Back Down"On September 14, 2018, Bob Moses released their second album, Battle Lines, on multiple Streaming and Music services as well as on CD/ LP via their label Domino. Live performances On the live front, Bob Moses has performed and headlined at events and venues around the world, including Bowery Ballroom, TomorrowWorld, Ultra Music Festival, Governors Ball, Fabric, and many others. In 2016, they were announced to play at Coachella, Lollapalooza, and Bonnaroo, as well as at several European festivals including Sonar and Melt!. The act has been featured as one of the Top 20 live acts by Resident Advisor in both 2014 and 2015.Bob Moses has been featured heavily on BBC Radio 1, including their debut Essential Mix and a live performance from Maida Vale Studios. They have also been featured on shows such as Morning Becomes Eclectic on KCRW and recorded a live session for KEXP. Personal life Vallance is son of Jim Vallance and Rachel Paiement, both of whom are well-known Canadian musicians.

14596345654202970945

Q628790

Giant snakehead Biology The young of the giant snakehead are red in color, with orange and black lateral stripes appearing after about two months. As the giant snakehead matures, it loses its stripes and redness, and instead develops a bluish-black and white pattern on its upper body. Juveniles sold in the aquarium fish trade are commonly called "red snakeheads". They can get up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long and a weigh 20 kg (44 lb). The species has the ability to crawl onto land and breathe air, although they are only able to do this in muddy or swampy areas, hence the nickname "mudfish".Its ability to breathe air using a primitive lung located just behind the gills allows it to survive in stagnant water where oxygen levels are low, by coming to the surface and taking a small gulp of air. It also enables the snakehead to travel short distances on land, although it is unable to hunt while on land, as it cannot support itself at all with its small fins in comparison to its large body. Use as food In Malaysia and Singapore, they are known locally as the toman, while in Indonesia they are called gabus or haruan (not to be confused with another species of smaller snakehead known as the common snakehead also called haruan), and are cultured in fish ponds and reservoirs as game fish because they put up a strong fight when hooked. The giant snakehead is also a good fish to eat, and is often served in Chinese restaurants.In Thailand, this fish is prepared in a variety of ways, especially grilled, being a common food item offered by street vendors.In the village/rural parts of Kerala[India], it has the reputation as a good food fish as it eats only live baits.In various Asian cultures, eating this fish is believed to help in healing of the body, for example, after surgery or severe cuts and scrapes. In the aquarium The giant snakehead, normally called red or redline snakeheads, are a popular fish to be sold in the pet trade. They are commonly sold as juveniles as pets. Some are even sold as feeders to be fed to larger carnivorous fish. They are voracious predators that will chase and eat anything that fits in their mouths. Due to this, they are called "freshwater great whites". However, they can successfully be housed with silver arowanas, clown knife fishes, oscars, and other fish from same size group. Distribution The giant snakehead is found in Southeast Asia, Malay Peninsula and Indonesia . It used to be believed to have an oddly disjunctive distribution, inhabiting both Southeast Asia and southwest India, about 2,500 km (1,600 mi) apart. The Indian population was speculated to be from an early human introduction, prior to the 19th century. In 2011 it was established that the southeast Asian and Indian population are separate species, with the latter correctly named C. diplogramma (leaving C. micropeltes for the southeast Asian population).Ebanasar (1995) has also conducted series of experiments on the biology, physiology and culture of this fish. This fish is reported to be highly suitable for cage culture and culture in ponds in combination with tilapia. It is found to be an effective tool in controlling the overpopulation of tilapia and thus checks the stunted growth of tilapia.As the result of human introductions, the giant snakehead has been reported already in six US states, including Wisconsin, Maryland, and parts of Virginia. As an invasive species In 2004 and 2005, three specimens were caught in Maryland, USA, all believed to have been released pets. In 2003, a giant snakehead was caught in Rock River, Wisconsin. Biologists were concerned that warmwater effluents could allow the tropical species to survive in the colder climate, but as yet there is no evidence of an established population, with all catches believed to be aquarium releases.In 2010, a giant snakehead was found dead on the shores of the St. Charles River, in Quebec City, Canada. It was obviously an aquarium release. Hoax In 2005, a specimen of C. micropeltes was reportedly caught by an angler while fishing for pike on the River Witham in Lincolnshire, England. The claim of this catch is highly peculiar, as it was reportedly caught in late winter, and, being a tropical species, it would not have been able to survive, let alone feed in an English river during winter. A source within the Environment Agency was quoted as saying, “The reaction was, 'Oh s***'. This is the ultimate invasive species — if it starts breeding here it's a disaster." However, it was later determined to be a hoax; the fish had actually been found dead in a street.

16447815166859587553

Q20981329

Tarnopol Ghetto Background According to Polish census of 1931, Jews constituted 44% of the city's diverse multicultural makeup. Tarnopol had the largest Jewish community in the area, with the majority of Jews speaking Polish as their native language. At the time of the Soviet invasion there were 18,000 Jews living in the provincial capital.The first week-long killing spree of 1,600–2,000 Jews occurred a few days after Tarnopol was occupied by the German army at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. The Ghetto was established formally two months later. Tarnopol was occupied by the Wehrmacht on July 2, 1941. Several hundred Jews followed the Soviets in their hasty retreat to the east. Immediately afterwards, up to 1,000 dead bodies of political prisoners murdered by the NKVD were discovered at the Tarnopol prison and 1,000 more in nearby towns. In accordance with the Nazi Judeo-Bolshevism canard, the Germans declared the Jews responsible for the Soviet atrocities.A pogrom broke out two days later and lasted from July 4 until July 11, 1941, with homes destroyed, synagogue burned and Jews killed indiscriminately, estimated at 1,600 (Yad Vashem) at various locations including inside prison, at the Gurfein School, and at the synagogue set on fire afterwards. The killing of about 1,000 Jews was done by the SS-Sonderkommando 4b attached to Einsatzgruppe C, under the command of Guenther Hermann, (just returning from the massacre in Łuck) with another 600 Jews murdered by the Ukrainian Militia – formed by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists – and renamed as the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police the following month. Nearly all of their Jewish victims were men. Some 500 Jews were murdered in the suburbs on the grounds of the Ternopil's Christian cemetery using weapons handed out by the German army. According to interviews conducted in Ukraine by a Roman Catholic priest, Father Patrick Desbois from Yahad-In Unum, some of the victims were decapitated. Ghetto history The German authorities ordered the creation of a Judenrat with 60 members. Teacher Marek Gottfried became its president. The Jews were summoned to police headquarters in one group, loaded onto lorries, and taken out of town to a secret execution site at Zagroble nearby. In early August 1941 the Jews of Tarnopol were ordered to wear a Star of David and mark their homes with it. A 'new' Judenrat was formed by the Nazis soon after the wave of massacres, without disclosing the fate of its original members, and ordered to pay a ransom of 1.5 million rubles. Gustaw Fischer was appointed head of the Judenrat.In September 1941, the German occupation authorities under Gerhard Hager announced the creation of a designated Jewish ghetto in the city around the Old Square and the Market Square Minor, in a derelict district that occupied mere 5 percent of the metropolitan area. Population density in the ghetto was tripled, with 12,000–13,000 Jews put in it. Death penalty was introduced for leaving the ghetto illegally, and all food allowances rationed. Within a year the conditions in the ghetto became so bad that in the winter of 1941–42 the Judenrat began burying the corpses in mass graves for sanitation concerns due to rampant mortality rates. Satellite labour camps for Jewish slave workers were established by the Germans in Kamionka, Podwołoczyska, Hluboczka, and in Zagroble. Roundups and ghetto liquidation The first ghetto liquidation action was perpetrated on August 31, 1942, not long after the Final Solution was set in motion. By that time, the Bełżec extermination camp northwest of Tarnopol was already working at full throttle. Some 3,000–4,000 Jews were rounded up and locked in cattle cars, with no water. The transport remained at the station for two days with all victims crying out for help; meanwhile, another cattle train arrived with Polish Jews from the ghettos in Zbaraż and Mikulińce. The two trains were connected at the station as one Holocaust transport to Bełżec with at least 6,700 victims dying inside from suffocation and thirst.The next Holocaust train was assembled on November 10, 1942. Some 2,500 Jews were rounded up and marched to the station, with a small Ukrainian orchestra playing on their departure to Bełżec. The ghetto area was greatly reduced; a part of it, turned into a labour camp. Between August 1942 and June 1943 there were five "selections" that decimated the Jewish prisoner population of Tarnopol. The camps were liquidated as the last. The victims were sent in Holocaust trains to the extermination camp at Bełżec, but also massacred in shooting actions at Petrykowo, or Petrykow-Wald, with the assistance of Ukrainian policemen. Estimated 2,500 Jews perished there. A few hundred Jews from Tarnopol and its vicinity attempted to survive by hiding within the town limits. Many were denounced by Ukrainian nationalists, including some 200 people shortly before the Soviets took over the area in 1944.A number of Jews survived the Holocaust by hiding with the Poles. Righteous Among the Nations who helped Tarnopol Ghetto's Jews included the Regent family, and the Misiewicz family. A monument in memory of the Holocaust victims was erected in Ternopil at Petrikovsky Yar in 1996.

419882411316311309

Q4329050

On Intelligence Outline Hawkins outlines the book as follows:The book starts with some background on why previous attempts at understanding intelligence and building intelligent machines have failed. I then introduce and develop the core idea of the theory, what I call the memory-prediction framework. In chapter 6 I detail how the physical brain implements the memory-prediction model—in other words, how the brain actually works. I then discuss social and other implications of the theory, which for many readers might be the most thought-provoking section. The book ends with a discussion of intelligent machines—how we can build them and what the future will be like. (p. 5) A personal history The first chapter is a brief history of Hawkins' interest in neuroscience juxtaposed against a history of artificial intelligence research. Hawkins uses a story of his failed application to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to illustrate a conflict of ideas. Hawkins believed (and ostensibly continues to believe) creating true artificial intelligence will only be possible with intellectual progress in the discipline of neuroscience. Hawkins writes that the scientific establishment (as symbolized by MIT) has historically rejected the relevance of neuroscience to artificial intelligence. Indeed, some artificial intelligence researchers have "[taken] pride in ignoring neurobiology" (p. 12).Hawkins is an electrical engineer by training, and a neuroscientist by inclination. He used electrical engineering concepts as well as the studies of neuroscience to formulate his framework. In particular, Hawkins treats the propagation of nerve impulses in our nervous system as an encoding problem, specifically, a future predicting state machine, similar in principle to feed-forward error-correcting state machines. The theory Hawkins' basic idea is that the brain is a mechanism to predict the future, specifically, hierarchical regions of the brain predict their future input sequences. Perhaps not always far in the future, but far enough to be of real use to an organism. As such, the brain is a feed forward hierarchical state machine with special properties that enable it to learn.The state machine actually controls the behavior of the organism. Since it is a feed forward state machine, the machine responds to future events predicted from past data.The hierarchy is capable of memorizing frequently observed sequences (Cognitive modules) of patterns and developing invariant representations. Higher levels of the cortical hierarchy predict the future on a longer time scale, or over a wider range of sensory input. Lower levels interpret or control limited domains of experience, or sensory or effector systems. Connections from the higher level states predispose some selected transitions in the lower-level state machines.Hebbian learning is part of the framework, in which the event of learning physically alters neurons and connections, as learning takes place.Vernon Mountcastle's formulation of a cortical column is a basic element in the framework. Hawkins places particular emphasis on the role of the interconnections from peer columns, and the activation of columns as a whole. He strongly implies that a column is the cortex's physical representation of a state in a state machine.As an engineer, any specific failure to find a natural occurrence of some process in his framework does not signal a fault in the memory-prediction framework per se, but merely signals that the natural process has performed Hawkins' functional decomposition in a different, unexpected way, as Hawkins' motivation is to create intelligent machines. For example, for the purposes of his framework, the nerve impulses can be taken to form a temporal sequence (but phase encoding could be a possible implementation of such a sequence; these details are immaterial for the framework). Spatially specific prediction 2. In primary sensory cortex, Hawkins predicts, for example, "we should find anticipatory cells in or near V1, at a precise location in the visual field (the scene)". It has been experimentally determined, for example, after mapping the angular position of some objects in the visual field, there will be a one-to-one correspondence of cells in the scene to the angular positions of those objects. Hawkins predicts that when the features of a visual scene are known in a memory, anticipatory cells should fire before the actual objects are seen in the scene. Prediction should stop propagating in the cortical column at layers 2 and 3 3. In layers 2 and 3, predictive activity (neural firing) should stop propagating at specific cells, corresponding to a specific prediction. Hawkins does not rule out anticipatory cells in layers 4 and 5. "Name cells" at layers 2 and 3 should preferentially connect to layer 6 cells of cortex 4. Learned sequences of firings comprise a representation of temporally constant invariants. Hawkins calls the cells which fire in this sequence "name cells". Hawkins suggests that these name cells are in layer 2, physically adjacent to layer 1. Hawkins does not rule out the existence of layer 3 cells with dendrites in layer 1, which might perform as name cells. "Exception cells" should remain OFF during a learned sequence 6. Hawkins' novel prediction is that certain cells are inhibited during a learned sequence. A class of cells in layers 2 and 3 should NOT fire during a learned sequence, the axons of these "exception cells" should fire only if a local prediction is failing. This prevents flooding the brain with the usual sensations, leaving only exceptions for post-processing. "Exception cells" should propagate unanticipated events 7. If an unusual event occurs (the learned sequence fails), the "exception cells" should fire, propagating up the cortical hierarchy to the hippocampus, the repository of new memories. "Aha! cells" should trigger predictive activity 8. Hawkins predicts a cascade of predictions, when recognition occurs, propagating down the cortical column (with each saccade of the eye over a learned scene, for example). Pyramidal cells should detect coincidences of synaptic activity on thin dendrites 9. Pyramidal cells should be capable of detecting coincident events on thin dendrites, even for a neuron with thousands of synapses. Hawkins posits a temporal window (presuming time-encoded firing) which is necessary for his theory to remain viable. Learned representations move down the cortical hierarchy, with training 10. Hawkins posits, for example, that if the inferotemporal (IT) layer has learned a sequence, that eventually cells in V4 will also learn the sequence. "Name cells" exist in all regions of cortex 11. Hawkins predicts that "name cells" will be found in all regions of the cortex.

9111880102498535207

Q18703027

Blackway Go with Me The film is based on the book Go with Me. Go with Me was the film's title before it was released; it was reviewed as Go with Me at the 2015 Venice Film Festival. The film is released in some markets (e.g. the US) as Blackway and in others (e.g. the UK) as Go with Me. Plot Set in an Oregon logging community, Lillian (Stiles), is a woman newly returned to her hometown after the death of her mother. She is being harassed by a local man named Blackway (Liotta), who is a big criminal in their little town. He operates with impunity in this small community on the edge of the wilderness.After Blackway kills her cat, she goes to the town sheriff for help, but is basically told that her best option is to leave town. Lillian refuses to be run out of town by Blackway, but Sheriff Wingate is reluctant to act against Blackway out of fear; feeling sympathetic to Lillian, he tells her to go to the town lumberyard mill and ask for a man named Scotty. The following events that unfold afterwards all happen within one single day.In the early morning, Lillian goes to the lumberyard mill, where a group of elderly men are gathered in the shop's office, run by Whizzer. Lillian tells Whizzer that she is looking for Scotty on the recommendation of Sheriff Wingate to help her with Blackway. Scotty isn't there, and the men also tell her the same thing that the sheriff said, which is to leave town rather than go up against Blackway.One of the older men at the shop, Lester (Hopkins), feels bad for Lillian and decides to help her. He takes along a young man named Nate (Ludwig), who is also an employee at the mill and in the shop with the elderly men. Nate is a simple guy, but is strong and has a good heart. The three drive around town in Nate's pickup truck looking for Blackway at various locations and asking for him from the locals that he associates with. Through their quest in tracking down Blackway, various bits of details are revealed about the town's locals through flashbacks, conversations, and narratives; such as Sheriff Wingate recommending Scotty to help Lillian because he figured Scotty might have a score to settle with Blackway. In a flashback Scotty is shown to have gotten beaten up really badly by Blackway, but Scotty presently states that he has nothing to settle with Blackway anymore.It's also hinted that Lester's daughter, who died of suicide, might have been abusing heavy drugs; for which Blackway is the local drug kingpin, manufacturing and distributing meth, hillbilly heroin, etc. Through various associates of Blackway, they find his shady accountant, Murdoch, at a bar. Murdoch gets into a fight with Nate, and seems to be winning when he has Nate pinned back on to a table, until Lester bends Murdoch's fingers backwards, causing excruciating pain. Nate then gets the upper hand on the fight and the three are able to leave the bar.They head out to a local diner, where Lester asks the cook, Chris, who is newly released from prison on drug charges, where they could find Blackway. Chris tells Lester to try Blackway's motel, where he runs his drug business as well as other criminal activities. They find Blackway at his motel in the afternoon, but do not act upon it, as Lester can see that it's not a good opportunity yet.Inside one of the motel rooms, Lillian finds an old school acquaintance handcuffed to a bed, she releases her while Lester and Nate distracts two of Blackway's men. Lester grabs a handgun from one of the men, while Nate grabs a shotgun that was in sight. Nate causes an explosion inside the motel room, presumably because meth was being cooked in the room; Lillian puts her old acquaintance on a bus to get out of town after rescuing her.It is now evening time, and the three drive up into the deep woods, while Whizzer is narrating to the men in the shop about the dangers of the deep backwoods. Since Nate and Lester have been causing Blackway so much trouble all day, Lester knows that he will be looking for them. They settle in for the night out at a camping ground area of the woods, and Lester goes off with his antique rifle, leaving Lillian and Nate alone together.Blackway shows up at night, armed with a gun pointed at Lillian and Nate. Lester has a clear shot of Blackway from inside a trailer and is about to kill him, but unbeknownst to Nate of Lester's vantage point, Nate fends off Blackway to protect him and Lillian. When Lester gets another chance of a clear shot of Blackway again, he gets shot instead by Murdoch who finds him in the trailer, and Blackway is able to knock out Nate.Lillian is able to escape by bending Blackway's fingers backwards the same way she saw Lester do to Murdoch at the bar, giving off a chase between her and Blackway into a cabin. Before Murdoch can finish off Lester in the trailer, Nate attacks Murdoch and then beats him to death. After a hide and chase between Blackway and Lillian inside the cabin, they both make it back outside to the campfire area, where Blackway is finally killed by Lester with one shot from the shotgun that he had inherited from his uncle.Lester tells them that they'll have to drag Blackway and Murdoch's bodies deep into the woods so that the wild animals will scavenge their bodies and they'll never be found.At daybreak the next morning, the three drive back into town. Whizzer, who is opening up his lumber mill during daybreak, sees the pickup truck coming back into town and knows that the town is finally rid of Blackway from doing so. Lester gets dropped off at his house, while Lillian and Nate are driving back to their homes, and an attraction is evident between Nate and Lillian. Production In August 2014, during an interview, writer Joseph Gangemi revealed that Gregory Jacobs and he had created a film adaptation of novel Go with Me by Castle Freeman, Jr. On September 19 it was announced that Anthony Hopkins would star in the lead role and Daniel Alfredson would direct the film, which Enderby Entertainment and The Gotham Group would produce. Rick Dugdale would produce along with Lindsay Williams and Ellen Goldsmith-Vein, while Hopkins would also produce along with Jacobs. On October 23, Dean Devlin's Electric Entertainment came on board to co-finance and handle international rights to the film. On October 30, Julia Stiles and Ray Liotta joined the film. On November 17, Alexander Ludwig joined the film to play a young sidekick of an ex-logger. Filming Filming began on November 12, 2014 primarily in Enderby, British Columbia. It would also be shot in Lumby. Filming lasted until late December.

112846739107321178

Q20876913

Paul Litchfield Paul Litchfield CBE FRCP FFOM is a British physician who was Chief Medical Officer for BT Group plc from 2001 to 2018. He reviewed the Work Capability Assessment run by Atos for the Department for Work and Pensions in 2013 and 2014 and he is an advisor to the UK government on the relationship between mental ill-health, absence from work and the take up of out-of-work sickness benefits. Education Litchfield studied clinical sciences at St Andrew's University in Scotland before moving to Manchester University for his undergraduate clinical training. He graduated with a degree in medicine in 1977. Career Litchfield joined the Royal Navy shortly after graduation. He served at sea and ashore for three years as a junior officer and then began training in his chosen field of occupational medicine based at the Institute of Naval Medicine in Portsmouth. In 1982, he studied for a higher degree in occupational health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. When he was fully trained, he worked in a dockyard environment as the Medical Officer of Health. In 1994, Litchfield retired from the navy at the age of 40 in the rank of Surgeon Commander.On leaving the Forces, Litchfield worked for two years in a senior medical position in the Civil Service before moving to the private medical company BMI Healthcare, where he worked as Clinical Development Director until 2000.In 2001, he was made Chief Medical Officer at BT. Litchfield is one of the architects of BT's Work Fit programme, which uses "multiple communication channels" to promote beneficial lifestyle changes, such as encouraging healthy eating and exercise to tackle the problem of obesity in sedentary office workers.For just under four months in 2006, BT ran a mental health promotion campaign called 'Positive Mentality' in which employees were given information on how to "stave off" mental illness by eating different types of food, exercising and learning to relax. Litchfield has claimed that the early years of his tenure at BT coincided with a 30% reduction in mental health sickness absence and an 80% reduction in the firm's rate of medical retirement on the grounds of chronic mental illness.Litchfield chaired the Faculty's ethical committee between 2007 and 2013. He co-edited Ethics Guidance for Occupational Health Practice in 2012.In 2006, Litchfield was a member of the DWP's Mental Health Technical Working Group, which was set up to design a new mental health assessment for Incapacity Benefit claimants that would "identify accurately those who in spite of their condition are fit to continue in work". This work shaped the criteria used to gauge mental function in the Work Capability Assessment (WCA) that was introduced in 2008.In 2009, he co-wrote a report on mental health and the workplace for the DWP. It focussed on the beneficial aspects of work for some people with a mental health condition and it highlighted the large and growing proportion of people on out-of-work benefits whose primary diagnosis was some form of mental illness.In July 2010, he attended a seminar with the Minister for Welfare Reform and the Minister for Disabled People to discuss the department's strategy on mental health and welfare reform.In 2013, DWP ministers chose Litchfield to review the performance of the WCA. The assessment was controversial because it was generating large numbers of fit-for-work findings that were subsequently disregarded by DWP decision-makers or overturned by independent tribunals. In the first year of Litchfield's tenure, all healthcare professionals previously approved to carry out the WCA – more than a thousand in total – had to be retrained yet the success rate at appeal rose to 52%. In the second year, Atos, the outsourcing company responsible for the core assessment, disclosed to the Financial Times that it would be ending its contract with the DWP prematurely, citing the company's opinion that the WCA was "not working" as one of its reasons for leaving.In May 2014, Litchfield appeared before Parliament's Work and Pensions Select Committee to explain the problems with the WCA. By the summer, more than 700,000 people were waiting an average of 9 months for their WCA, because of bottlenecks in the system caused by long assessments (lasting well over an hour) and a shortage of healthcare professionals willing to carry them out.In 2015, the Conservative Secretary of State for Work and Pensions criticised the WCA, which was introduced when Gordon Brown was Prime Minister. He called the test "unbelievably harsh", said it contained "perverse incentives" for claimants and lamented the fact that doctors were offered only a "binary choice" when asked for their opinion on fitness for work. Litchfield's professional opinion, as expressed to Parliament, was that the test was "by no means perfect" but nevertheless adequate. Other appointments Litchfield is Chair of the What Works Centre for Wellbeing – an independent organisation that promotes evidence-based policy to improve wellbeing.He is a member of 'Fit for Work UK'. Awards and honours He was awarded the OBE in 2007. In 2018 he was created a CBE for services to workplace wellbeing.

14849151056843174032

Q1699334

John Bidwell Biography Bidwell was born in 1819 in Chautauqua County, New York. His Bidwell ancestors immigrated to North America in the colonial era. His family moved to Erie, Pennsylvania in 1829, and then to Ashtabula County, Ohio in 1831. At age 17, he attended and shortly thereafter became principal of Kingsville Academy.In 1841, at the age of 22, Bidwell became one of the first emigrants on the California Trail. John Sutter employed Bidwell as his business manager shortly after the younger man reached California. In October 1844, Bidwell went with Sutter to Monterey, where the two learned of an insurrection by leader José Castro and ex-governor Juan Bautista Alvarado. In 1845, Bidwell and Sutter joined Governor Manuel Micheltorena and a group of Americans and Indians to fight the insurrectionists, pursuing them to Cahuenga. Micheltorena, Sutter, and Bidwell were imprisoned, and the latter two were shortly thereafter released.Upon release, Bidwell headed north through Placerita Canyon, saw the mining operations, and was determined to search for gold on his way to Sutter's Fort, where he met James W. Marshall. Shortly after Marshall's discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill, Bidwell also discovered gold on the Feather River, establishing a productive claim at Bidwell Bar in advance of the California Gold Rush. Bidwell obtained the four square-league Rancho Los Ulpinos land grant after being naturalized as a Mexican citizen in 1844, and the two square-league Rancho Colus grant on the Sacramento River in 1845. He later sold the latter grant and bought Rancho Arroyo Chico on Chico Creek to establish a ranch and farm.Bidwell obtained the rank of major while fighting in the Mexican–American War. He was elected to the California Senate in 1849. He supervised conducting the federal census of California in 1850 and 1860, under national direction by Joseph C. G. Kennedy.Bidwell served as a delegate to the 1860 national convention of the Democratic Party. He was appointed brigadier general of the California Militia in 1863. After switching parties, he was a delegate to the national convention of the Republican Party in 1864. That year he was elected to Congress from California, serving as a Republican member from 1865 to 1867.In 1865, General Bidwell backed a petition from settlers at Red Bluff, California to protect Red Bluff’s trail to the Owyhee Mines of Idaho. The United States Army commissioned seven forts for this purpose. One site was near Fandango Pass at the base of the Warner Mountains, in the north end of Surprise Valley. On June 10, 1865 what was named Fort Bidwell was ordered to be built there. The fort was built amid escalating fighting with the Snake Indians of eastern Oregon and southern Idaho. It was a base for US Army operations in the Snake War, that lasted until 1868, and the later Modoc War. Although traffic dwindled on the Red Bluff route once the Central Pacific Railroad extended into Nevada in 1868, the Army staffed Fort Bidwell until 1890 to quell various uprisings and disturbances. A Paiute reservation and small community maintain the name Fort Bidwell.In 1868 Bidwell was about 49 when he married Annie Kennedy, whom he had courted for years. She was 20 years younger and a daughter of Joseph C. G. Kennedy. Her father was socially prominent, a high-ranking Washington official who supervised the United States Census Bureau. Bidwell had met him while working on the California census. The senior Kennedy was active in the Whig party. Annie Kennedy was deeply religious, joining the Presbyterian Church, and committed to a number of moral and social causes. Kennedy Bidwell was very active in the suffrage and prohibition movements.The couple married April 16, 1868 in Washington, D.C. with President Andrew Johnson and future president Ulysses S. Grant among the guests. After he returned with her to Chico, the Bidwells used their mansion extensively for entertainment of friends and official guests. Among them were President Rutherford B. Hayes, General William T. Sherman, Susan B. Anthony, Frances Willard, Governor Leland Stanford, John Muir, Joseph Dalton Hooker, and Asa Gray.In 1875, Bidwell ran for Governor of California on the Anti-Monopoly Party ticket. As a strong advocate of the temperance movement, he was the Prohibition candidate for governor in 1880 and presided over the Prohibition Party state convention in 1888. In 1892, Bidwell was the Prohibition Party candidate for President of the United States. The Bidwell/Cranfill ticket came in fourth place and received 271,058 votes, or 2.3 percent nationwide. It was the largest total vote and highest percentage of the vote received by any Prohibition Party national ticket.John Bidwell’s autobiography, Echoes of the Past, was published in 1900. The Bidwell Family Papers are held at the Bancroft Library.The actor Howard Negley (1898-1983) played Bidwell in the 1953 episode, "The Lady with the Blue Silk Umbrella" on the syndicated television anthology series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Stanley Andrews. In the story line, Helen Crosby (Kathleen Case) carries official California statehood papers in her umbrella to shield them from ruffians who want to destroy the documents. Rick Vallin played Lieutenant Bob Hastings.

15380228176872480188

Q18051098

PLEKHA7 History The protein was discovered in Masatoshi Takeichi’s lab while looking for potential binding partners for the N-terminal region of p120-catenin. PLEKHA7 was identified by mass spectrometry in lysates of human intestinal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells in a GST-pull down using N-terminal GST-fusion p120 catenin as bait. It was also independently discovered in Sandra Citi’s group as a protein interacting with globular head domain of the Paracingulin in a yeast two-hybrid screen. PLEKHA7 localizes at epithelial zonular AJs. Structure The structure of PLEKHA7 is characterized by two WW domains followed by a Pleckstrin homology domain (PH) in the N-terminal region. In the C-terminal half, the protein contains three coiled coil (CC) domains and two Proline-rich (Pro) domains.PLEKHA7 has been detected in different isoforms in a tissue specific manner. Two isoforms of 135 kDa and 145 kDa have been reported in colon, liver, lung, eye, pancreas, kidney and heart. Additionally, two major transcripts of 5.5 kb and 6.5 kb have been identified in brain, kidney, liver, small intestine, placenta and lung, while only one PLEKHA7 mRNA transcript of 5.5 kb is identified in heart, brain, colon and skeletal muscle. Protein-protein interactions In vitro interaction studies were pursued to map the interaction(s) of PLEKHA7 with p120Catenin (residues 538-696), Nezha (CAMSAP3) (residues 680-821), paracingulin (residues 620-769) and Afadin (residues 120-374). The protein PDZD11 was identified as a protein interacting through its N-terminal region with the N-terminal WW domain of PLEKHA7, based on 2-hybrid screen and analysis of PLEKHA7 immunoprecipitates Unlike most other AJ proteins, but similar to afadin, PLEKHA7 is exclusively detected in the zonular apical part of AJ, but not in the “puncta adherentia” along lateral membranes of the epithelial cells. Cellular localization and tissue distribution of PLEKHA7 has been confirmed by Immunoelectron microscopy (Immuno-EM) of wild type and knock down intestinal epithelial tissues. Function The first identified function of PLEKHA7 was is to contribute to integrity and stability of the zonula adherens junctions by linking the E-cadherin/p120 complex to the minus ends of microtubules (MTs) through Nezha (CAMSAP3). The PLEKHA7-Nezha- MTs complex allows transport of the KIFC3 (a minus end directed motor) to the AJ. However, in Eph4 cell line, PLEKHA7 is recruited to E-cadherin based AJ by Afadin, independently of p120. PLEKHA7 knockdown studies in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells indicated its requirement for the AJ localization of paracingulin. Furthermore, the PLEKHA7 homolog in zebrafish, Hadp1, is required for proper heart function and morphogenesis in embryo, regulating the intracellular Ca²⁺ dynamics through the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PIK4) pathway.In 2015, researchers discovered that PLEKHA7 recruits the so-called microprocessor complex (association of Drosha and DGCR8 proteins) to a growth-inhibiting site (apical zonula adherens) in epithelial cells instead of sites at basolateral areas of cell–cell contact containing tyrosine-phosphorylated p120 and active Src. Loss of PLEKHA7 disrupts miRNAs regulation, causing tumorigenic signaling and growth. Restoring normal miRNA levels in tumor cells can reverse that aberrant signaling. In 2015 it was also discovered that PLEKHA7 has a role in controlling susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin Cells lacking PLEKHA7 are injured by the toxin, but recover after intoxication. Mice knockout for PLEKHA7 are viable and fertile, and when infected with methycillin-resistant S. aureus USA300 LAC strain they show a decreased disease severity in both skin infection and lethal pneumonia, thus identifying PLEKHA7 as a potential nonessential host target to reduce S. aureus virulence during epithelial infections.In 2016, researchers found that PLEKHA7 recruits the small PDZ protein PDZD11 to adherens junctions, thus resulting in the stabilisation of nectins at adherens junctions. Knock-out of PLEKHA7 results in the loss of PDZD11 from epithelial adherens junctions, and this is rescued by the introduction of exogenous PLEKHA7. The N-terminal 44 residues of PDZD11 interact with the first WW domain of PLEKHA7. In the absence of either PLEKHA7 or PDZD11, the amount of nectin-3 and nectin-4 detected at junctions is decreased, as well as total nectin levels, through proteasome-mediated degradation. PDZD11 interacts directly with the cytoplasmic PDZ-binding motif of nectins, through its own PDZ domain. Proximity ligation assay shows that PLEKHA7 is associated to nectins in a PDZD11-dependent manner. Nectins are the second major class of transmembrane adhesion molecules at adherens junctions, besides cadherins. Therefore, PLEKHA7lstabilises both cadherins and nectins at AJ. Clinical significance Genome-wide association studies suggest that PLEKHA7 is associated with blood pressure and hypertension and primary angle closure glaucoma. Also, an increased expression of PLEKHA7 in invasive lobular breast cancer has been reported. In a more recent study, the expression of PLEKHA7 protein in high grade ductal breast carcinomas, and lobular breast carcinomas was found to be very low or undetectable by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry, despite the detection of PLEKHA7 mRNA A Mayo Clinic study published online in August 2015 found that PLEKHA7 is mis-localized or lost in almost all breast and kidney tumor patient samples examined.

18266344151748906457

Q5033817

Cantigny Park Origins The land was acquired by Joseph Medill as a country estate, which he called Red Oaks, in the late 1800s. After his death, the estate passed to his grandson, Colonel McCormick. Colonel McCormick served in World War I and saw action at the Battle of Cantigny. After returning home, he renamed the estate in honor of the battle.Colonel McCormick had no children. When he died in 1955, he left his fortune to establish the McCormick Charitable Trust (now the McCormick Foundation). He also directed that Cantigny should be transformed into a park for the use of the general public. Since then, the McCormick Foundation has used the endowment funds bequeathed by Colonel McCormick to operate Cantigny as a public facility. Robert R. McCormick Museum In 1896–1897, Joseph Medill built a 35-room mansion on the estate; it was designed by architect Charles Allerton Coolidge. Today the mansion is the Robert R. McCormick Museum, a historic house museum which is open to the public for tours. First Division Museum During World War I, Colonel McCormick served with the First Division of the United States Army—also known as the "Big Red One". Colonel McCormick provided an endowment for the First Division Museum, which was designed by architect Andrew Rebori. The museum has exhibits and artifacts chronicling the First Division's service history, not only in World War I, but also in World War II and later U.S. wars.On display outside the museum is the area's largest collection of tanks and artillery pieces, known as "Tank Park". The collection includes tanks and armored vehicles from the First World War up to the present day. Visitors are allowed to climb on the vehicles.The museum's ongoing Date with History series features guest speakers on subjects of interest to the general public and military historians in particular. Speakers include historians, authors, filmmakers and veterans. The presentations are generally open to the public and free of charge.The museum is also home to the McCormick Research Center, for use by authors, scholars, teachers and students. The Center's archives contain more than 10,000 works on military history, including secondary works on various battles, campaigns and wars. Included in the primary works are the bound battle records of the First Division in World War I, and the 1st Infantry Division's World War II battle records on microfilm. The Center's Reading Room is open to the public. Public Park Cantigny Park is open to the public and attracts more than 350,000 people per year. Visitors can watch a short welcome film inside the Visitor Center to learn about the park's history and present-day features. The Visitor Center also includes the Cantigny Shop, Bertie's coffee shop and Le Jardin, a sit-down restaurant serving lunch.Concerts, lectures, workshops, festivals and special events are held at Cantigny throughout the year. It is also a popular place for weddings and banquets. School field trips and youth group camping are offered by Cantigny, too.The Cantigny estate includes ornamental landscapes and gardens covering about 30 acres. Highlights include the Rose Garden and the one-acre Idea Garden, designed to educate and inspire home gardeners. The original design of the gardens was the work of noted German-American landscape architect Franz Lipp. Calm and free-flowing, the gardens are a prime example of a relaxed Midwest display landscape. Cantigny's horticulture department offers a variety of programs throughout the year, including floral workshops, gardening lectures, free tours and monthly bird walks.Colonel McCormick and his first wife, Amy, are buried on the grounds. The elaborate gravesite, near the mansion, is known as the Exedra and was designed by Chicago architect Andrew Rebori. Golf Cantigny Golf Club, owned by the Chicago-based Robert R. McCormick Foundation and managed by KemperSports (Northbrook, Ill.), celebrated 25 years in 2014. When it opened in 1989, Golf Digest named Cantigny the “Best New Public Course in America.” Cantigny hosted the 2007 U.S. Amateur Public Links Championship, four Illinois State Amateur Championships (most recently in 2014) and the Chicago Open in 2013 and 2014. The 300-acre Cantigny Golf complex includes 27 scenic holes designed by Roger Packard, the year-round Cantigny Golf Academy, the 9-hole Cantigny Youth Links and a full-service clubhouse with dining and banquet facilities. Film The McCormick Museum was used for filming a scene in "A League of Their Own" (1992) from the east end overlooking the fountain and pond east of the museum. Two other movies, "Richie Rich" and "Baby's Day Out" also include scenes from outside the mansion. Location Cantigny Park is located in Wheaton, Illinois, at 1s151 Winfield Road, just south of Illinois Route 38 (Roosevelt Road). The entrance to Cantigny Golf is 27w270 Mack Road, also in Wheaton.

13512573404066871466

Q6232149

John F. Aiso John Fujio Aiso (Japanese: 相磯 藤雄, December 14, 1909 – December 29, 1987) was an American nisei military leader, lawyer and judge. Aiso was the head instructor of the Military Intelligence Service Language School and the highest-ranking Japanese American in the U.S. Army during World War II. He was also the first Japanese American appointed as a judge in the contiguous United States. Early life Born in the Los Angeles suburb of Burbank, Aiso was an excellent student, despite encounters with anti-Japanese prejudice. He later described one of his first memories as being called a "Jap" by an elderly woman on a streetcar, explaining the amount of effort he put into his schoolwork was largely to counteract such comments. He was elected student body president of his junior high school in 1922, but the victory proved to be short lived: parents protested a Japanese American holding the position, and student government was suspended until Aiso left the school. He went on to attend Hollywood High School, where he drew national attention when he won the school's oratorical competition on the U.S. Constitution in 1926. However, he was once again forced to step down, when he was told he could not compete at the national championship and would instead have to coach his runner up. Education and career After graduating at the top of his Hollywood High School class in 1926, Aiso spent a year in Japan, studying Japanese at Seijo University in Tokyo. He returned to the United States after receiving a scholarship to attend Brown University, where he captained the debate team and majored in economics, graduating cum laude and serving as class valedictorian in 1931. He continued his studies at Harvard Law School, completing his degree in 1934.Between 1935 and 1952, he worked in private practice in Los Angeles and New York. In 1936, he spent another year in Tokyo, working with Japanese banks on behalf of his U.S. law firm, and while there he studied Japanese law at Chuo University. From 1937 to 1940, he worked for the British American Tobacco Company in Japanese-occupied Manchuria.After his return to the United States, Aiso was drafted into the army, reporting for active duty in April 1941. Originally stationed at Fort MacArthur, within months he was released from active duty and transferred the hastily formed (and, at first, secret) Military Intelligence Service Language School (MISLS). Although he had been assigned to the school as a student, Aiso's fluency in Japanese quickly led to a promotion, first to assistant instructor and finally to head instructor. In this position, he became the highest-ranking Japanese American in the United States Army during the Second World War, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel.Under his inspiring leadership as director of academic training, the MISLS rapidly expanded. He recruited and trained a staff of over 150, developed course materials, and set the highest academic standards. The more than 6,000 graduates contributed immeasurably to the American victory over Imperial Japan and to winning the peace that followed. (General Charles Willoughby credited Aiso's MIS graduates with shortening the war by two years and saving close to a million lives.)After the Allied victory in August 1945, Aiso refocused the MISLS curriculum to prepare students for roles in the occupation of Japan. In January 1946, he was given a direct commission as Major and was awarded the Legion of Merit in 1947, at which point he left active service and returned to Los Angeles to practice law. He would later be promoted to a colonel in the Army Reserve, before retiring in 1965.In 1950, he received an honorary master's degree from Brown University. In 1952, he served as a Commissioner for one year. Aiso was then appointed to the Los Angeles Municipal Court in 1953, where he served until he was elevated to the Los Angeles Superior Court in 1957. He was the first Japanese American to enter the California State Judiciary. Aiso became an Associate Justice of the California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District on November 4, 1968, and served for four years. Awards and accolades President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded him the Legion of Merit in 1965 for his service during World War II. In 1984, the Emperor of Japan awarded him the 3rd Class Order of the Rising Sun for his contributions to understanding and friendship between the United States and Japan. He was inducted into the Military Intelligence Corps Hall of Fame in 1991. The Aiso Library at the Defense Language Institute (DLI) Foreign Language Center is named in his honor for his contributions as the chief instructor of what became the Military Intelligence Service Language School, the predecessor of DLI. In the Little Tokyo community of Los Angeles, a one-block segment of San Pedro Street between Temple Boulevard and 1st Street has been renamed Judge John Aiso Street in his honor. Death John Aiso died December 29, 1987, from a head injury sustained in an attempted mugging. Aiso, 78, was filling his car at a Hollywood gas station when he was attacked and knocked to the pavement; he died two weeks later in a Burbank hospital.

12035072222245808185

Q3451632

East Machias, Maine Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 40.02 square miles (103.65 km²), of which, 34.81 square miles (90.16 km²) of it is land and 5.21 square miles (13.49 km²) is water. 2014 American Community Survey As of the 2014 American Community Survey the largest self-reported ethnic/ancestry groups in the town of East Machias were English at 24.4%, Irish at 15.4%, German at 14.4% and those who identified as being American ancestry at 7.1%. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 1,368 people, 582 households, and 377 families residing in the town. The population density was 39.3 inhabitants per square mile (15.2/km²). There were 845 housing units at an average density of 24.3 per square mile (9.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.9% White, 0.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.7% Asian, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.There were 582 households of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.2% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.77.The median age in the town was 44.6 years. 19.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.6% were from 25 to 44; 33.1% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.8% male and 51.2% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,298 people, 540 households, and 370 families residing in the town. The population density was 36.9 people per square mile (14.2/km²). There were 776 housing units at an average density of 22.0 per square mile (8.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.84% White, 0.31% Native American, 0.08% Asian, and 0.77% from two or more races.There were 540 households out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.89.In the town, the population was spread out with 23.5% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.The median income for a household in the town was $28,073, and the median income for a family was $32,065. Males had a median income of $26,364 versus $19,118 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,254. About 12.2% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 20.4% of those age 65 or over.

9187802145406777852

Q7973348

Water Resources Development Act of 1974 The Water Resource Development Act of 1974, is part of Pub.L. 93–251 enacted on March 7, 1974, enacted by Congress, which also included the Streambank Erosion Control Evaluation and Demonstration Act and the River Basin Monetary Authorization Act. WRDA 1974 WRDA 1974 amended Section 208 of the Flood Control Act of 1954 Pub.L. 83–780, amended Section 205 of the Flood Control Act of 1948 Pub.L. 80–858, and made changes in the scope of authority for reservoir projects, and authorized $94,000,000 for the Columbia River Basin comprehensive plan of development.It authorized the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Corps of Engineers, to undertake the design, construction, repair, improvement, and modification of specified public works on rivers and harbors for navigation, flood control and other enumerated purposes. Authorizes appropriations to carry out such projects.It also directed the Secretary of the Army to conduct navigational and flood-control projects on specified public works and authorized appropriations to carry out such projects. Authorities LOCAL COOPERATION, STUDY; REPORT TO CONGRESS Pub. L. 93-251, title I, Sec. 24, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 20, provided that the Secretary of the Army make a study of the items of local cooperation involving hold and save harmless provisions which have been required for water resource development projects under his jurisdiction and report on such study to Congress not later than June 30, 1975.LAND AND WATER USE, STUDY; REPORT TO CONGRESS Pub. L. 93-251, title I, Sec. 25, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 20, provided that the Secretary of the Army conduct a study on land use practices and recreational uses at water resource development projects under his jurisdiction and report on such study to Congress not later than June 30, 1975.NATIONAL STREAMBANK EROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM Pub. L. 93-251, title I, Sec. 32, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 21, as amended by Pub. L. 94-587, Sec. 155, 161, Oct. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 2932, 2933, known as the Streambank Erosion Control Evaluation and Demonstration Act of 1974, directed the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, to establish and conduct for a period of five fiscal years a national streambank erosion prevention and control demonstration program, to consist of an evaluation of the extent of streambank erosion on navigable rivers and their tributaries; development of new methods and techniques for bank protection, research on soil stability, and identification of the causes of erosion; a report to the Congress on the results of such studies and the recommendations of the Secretary of the Army on means for the prevention and correction of streambank erosion; and demonstration projects, including bank protection works. The final report to the Congress was to be made by Secretary of the Army no later than Dec. 31, 1981.NATIONAL SHORELINE EROSION CONTROL DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM Pub. L. 93-251, title I, Sec. 54, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 26, known as the Shoreline Erosion Control Demonstration Act of 1974, directed the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, to establish and conduct for a period of five fiscal years a national shoreline erosion control development and demonstration program, to consist of planning, constructing, operating, evaluating, and demonstrating prototype shoreline erosion control devices, both engineered and vegetative, and to be carried out in cooperation with the Secretary of Agriculture, particularly with respect to vegetative means of preventing and controlling shoreline erosion, and in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies, private organizations, and the Shoreline Erosion Advisory Panel established pursuant to section 54(d) of Pub. L. 93-251. The Panel was to expire ninety days after termination of the five-year program. The Secretary of the Army was to submit to Congress a final report, sixty days after the fifth fiscal year of funding, such report to include a comprehensive evaluation of the national shoreline erosion control development and demonstration program. TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE FOR NON-DEVELOPMENT OF EROSION PREVENTION METHODS Pub. L. 93-251, title I, Sec. 55, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 28, provided that: The Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, is authorized to provide technical and engineering assistance to non-Federal public interests in developing structural and non-structural methods of preventing damages attributable to shore and streambank erosion. VISITOR PROTECTION SERVICES, STUDY; REPORT TO CONGRESS Pub. L. 93-251, title I, Sec. 75, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 32, directed Secretary of the Army to conduct a study on need for and means of providing visitor protection services at water resource development projects under jurisdiction of Department of the Army and report on such study to Congress not later than Dec. 31, 1974. The Streambank Erosion Control Evaluation and Demonstration Act Authorized and directed the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, to establish and conduct for a period of five fiscal years a national streambank erosion prevention and control demonstration program. It provided that the program shall consist of: (1) an evaluation of the extent of streambank erosion on navigable rivers and their tributaries; (2) development of new methods and techniques for bank protection, research on soil stability, and identification of the causes of erosion; (3) a report to the Congress on the results of such studies and the recommendations of the Secretary of the Army on means for the prevention and correction of streambank erosion; and (4) demonstration projects, including bank protection works.It also required that demonstration projects authorized by this section shall be undertaken on streams selected to reflect a variety of geographical and environmental conditions, including streams with naturally occurring erosion problems and streams with erosion caused or increased by manmade structures or activities.Provides for the establishment of a Shoreline Erosion Advisory Panel. Sets forth the duties of such Panel. Authorized an appropriation of $8,000,000 for construction of such projects. River Basin Monetary Authorization Act Authorized specified amounts to be appropriated for the prosecution of development plans on enumerated river basins. States that such sums shall not exceed $764,000,000. Among those projects was the Columbia River Basin comprehensive plan of development, which was authorized $94,000,000.

15751210364065124707

Q7874290

USS Speed (AM-116) World War II Mediterranean operations Departing Cleveland, Ohio on 15 November, Speed proceeded to Boston, Massachusetts, where she arrived on 8 December. During the next three months, she conducted shakedown and training along the Atlantic Coast from Casco Bay, Maine, to Norfolk, Virginia, before departing New York on 19 March 1943 for the Mediterranean. As escort for an eastbound convoy, she sailed via Bermuda and arrived at Tunis, Tunisia, on 13 April.Assigned to Mine Division 17, Speed conducted coastal patrols off the coast of Algeria during the next two months. On 5 July, she departed Mers El Kébir, Algeria, and joined Vice Admiral H. Kent Hewitt's Western Naval Task Force for the invasion of Sicily. Steaming with ships of Task Force 85, she closed the Sicilian coast off Scoglitti on 10 July and served as a control ship during amphibious assaults.Following the invasion, Speed swept waters along the southern and western coasts of Sicily. After sweeping off Palermo, she escorted supply convoys between Tunisia and Sicily from 10 to 23 August. On 25 August, she sailed for Algeria and arrived at Oran on the 29th to prepare for the invasion of Italy. Invasion of Italy operations As a unit of Rear Admiral J. L. Hall's Southern Attack Force, Speed departed Oran on 5 September and arrived off the Gulf of Salerno late on 8 September. She swept channels during the landings the next day and operated in the Gulf of Salerno on mine and antisubmarine patrols until 26 September. While on patrol on the 25th, she rescued survivors of Skill (AM-115) after that minesweeper had been fatally hit by an enemy torpedo.Speed departed Salerno on 26 September and escorted a convoy of merchant ships to Bizerte, Tunisia. Interspersed with minesweeping and ASW patrols, she performed escort duties during the next nine months as she screened supply and reinforcement convoys from North Africa to Sicily and Italy. While steaming in convoy from Oran to Bizerte on 20 April 1944, she helped repulse a determined German air attack which sank three ships, including Lansdale (DD-426).After returning to Naples on 20 June, Speed operated in the Gulf of Salerno until 7 August preparing for the invasion of southern France. Assigned to Task Force 87, she departed Salerno on 12 August and escorted an LCI convoy to the assault area off Fréjus and St. Raphael. She closed the French coast early on 15 August and served as a glide bomb "jam ship" and in the ASW screen during amphibious landings. She operated along the French coast during the next few weeks, sweeping channels and clearing harbors from Fréjus to Toulon. Stateside overhaul After two escort runs to North Africa, she departed Oran for the United States on 24 November and arrived at Norfolk, Virginia on 11 December to begin a two-month overhaul. Pacific Ocean operations Speed departed Norfolk, Virginia, on 15 March 1945 for mine-sweeping duty in the western Pacific. Steaming via the Panama Canal and San Diego, California, she reached Pearl Harbor on 31 May. Between 11 June and 12 July, she steamed to Okinawa via the Marshall Islands and Marianas Islands. Assigned to Mine Squadron Six, she swept the waters of the Ryūkyūs during the closing weeks of World War II. Post-World War II operations After the end of hostilities, she departed Okinawa on 1 September for sweeping operations along the coast of Japan. Arriving at Kagoshima, Kyūshū, on 3 September, she swept Kagoshima Wan and Van Diemen Strait before returning to Okinawa on 13 September.During the remainder of 1945, Speed continued minesweeping operations in support of the Allied occupation of Japan. Her duties carried her to Bungo Suido and the Inland Sea, as well as to the East China Sea and waters off Formosa. Decommissioning She returned to the United States early in 1946, was decommissioned on 7 June, and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet at San Diego, California. She was reclassified MSF-116 on 7 February 1955. On 17 November 1967, Speed was transferred to the Republic of Korea, and she served the South Korean Navy as Sunchon (PCE-1002). Awards Speed received seven battle stars for World War II service.

2383368775400740401

Q8014706

William Loton Early life Born at Dilhorne in Staffordshire, England on 11 June 1838, William Loton was the son of publican and farmer Joseph Loton. He was educated by private tutor, but abandoned his schooling at the age of 14 to join the London firm of Copestake Moore and Co. In 1863, he emigrated to Western Australia, arriving on board the Strathmore on 25 March. He then entered commerce in Perth and Geraldton. On 13 February 1868 he married Anne Morris, with whom he would have three sons and three daughters. They lived in a large residence on the corner of Bulwer and Lord Streets in Perth, which he named Dilhorn after his birthplace. Business and social life In 1867, Loton partnered with Walter Padbury to form the firm of Padbury, Loton and Co. The firm was involved in a variety of mercantile activities, mostly in the north-west of the state, and owned three coastal trading ships. It was also involved in a number of agricultural and pastoral developments, with extensive property holdings in the north west and also at Perth, Guildford and Northam. Loton sold out of the partnership in 1889, thereafter concentrating his efforts on two of his properties.Between 1870 and 1910, Loton was heavily involved in numerous businesses, boards and societies. He was a director of the Perth Building Society from 1872 to 1888; a director of the WA Bank from 1882 to 1924, and its chairman after 1909; and a director of CML Insurance. In 1884 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace. He was active in a number of clubs and societies, including the Northam Agricultural Society and the Royal Agricultural Society. He served on the Central Board of Education until 1892, and was a member of the Metropolitan Water Board in 1909 and 1910. In 1871 he was a foundation member of the Weld Club, and he later became a life member of the Western Australian Club. He was a benefactor of St George's Cathedral, and a trustee of the Church of England in Western Australia from 1888. Political life On 14 July of that year, he was nominated to the Western Australian Legislative Council, a position that he held until resigning on 13 December 1887. A little over a year later on 4 February 1889, he was elected to the Legislative Council seat of Greenough in succession to Alfred Hensman. When Western Australia gained responsible government in December 1890, Loton won the seat of Swan in the Legislative Assembly, holding it until the election of 4 May 1897, which he did not contest. In 1891 he was part of the Western Australian delegation to the National Australasian Convention, at which the future federation of the Australian colonies was discussed, and he was again appointed to attend the Federal Conventions of 1897 and 1898.On 13 June 1898, Loton won a Legislative Council Central Province seat in a by-election. He held it until the election of May 1900, which he did not contest. He unsuccessfully contested the Legislative Assembly seat of Moore on 24 April 1901, then served for about a year as Mayor of Perth. In May 1902 he won an East Province seat in the Legislative Council in a by-election, holding it until his retirement from politics at the election of 21 May 1908. Later life Loton was made a knight bachelor in 1923. He died at Dilhorn on 22 October 1924, and was buried in Karrakatta Cemetery.Loton was the original owner of Loton's Paddock. He sold it to the Perth Council in September 1904, and they established a recreation area there. It was named Loton Park until 1909 when it was renamed Perth Oval.

11524571322321162336

Q2142057

European tree frog Description European tree frogs are small; males range from 32–43 mm (1.3–1.7 in) in length, and females range from 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in) in length. They are slender, with long legs. Their dorsal skin is smooth, while their ventral skin is granular. Their dorsal skin can be green, gray, or tan depending on the temperature, humidity, or their mood. Their ventral skin is a whitish color, and the dorsal and ventral skin is separated by a dark brown lateral stripe from the eyes to the groin. Females have white throats, while males have golden brown throats with large (folded) vocal sacs. The head of H. arborea is rounded, the lip drops strongly, the pupil has the shape of a horizontal ellipse, and the tympanum is clearly recognizable. The discs on the frog's toes, which it uses to climb trees and hedges, is a characteristic feature of H. arborea . Like other frogs, their hind legs are much larger and stronger than the fore legs, enabling the frogs to jump rapidly. Distribution and habitat Members of the H. arborea species complex are the only representatives of the widespread tree frog family (Hylidae) indigenous to mainland Europe. and are found across most of Europe (except Ireland), northwest Africa, and temperate Asia to Japan. This species complex is native to these countries:Albania; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; the Czech Republic; Denmark; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Israel (found in the Ayalon Valley); Italy; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia, the Republic of; Moldova; Montenegro; the Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; the Russian Federation; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine.It has also been introduced to the United Kingdom, (although at least one British population, now thought to be extinct, may have been native), and it has been reintroduced to Latvia.European tree frogs can be found in marshlands, damp meadows, reed beds, parks, gardens, vineyards, orchards, stream banks, lakeshores, or humid or dry forests. They tend to avoid dark or thick forests, and they are able to tolerate some periods of dryness; therefore, sometimes they are found in dry habitats. Reproduction European tree frogs reproduce in stagnant bodies of water, such as lakes, ponds, swamps, reservoirs, and sometimes puddles, from late March to June. They croak in the breeding season, even when migrating to their mating pools or ponds. Males will often change breeding ponds, even within the same breeding season. After a spring rain, the males will call females from low vegetation or shallow ponds. About 800 to 1000 eggs are laid in clumps the size of a walnut. Individual eggs are about 1.5 mm in diameter. After 10–14 days, the eggs hatch. Then, after three months, tadpoles metamorphose into frogs. Metamorphosis usually peaks from late July to early August. They are able to live for up to 15 years. Conservation status According to the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species, H. arborea is “listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.” However, according to the IUCN, the population trend of H. arborea is decreasing.Some of the main threats to European tree frogs include habitat fragmentation and destruction, pollution of wetlands, predation from fish, capture for the pet trade, and climate change. Besides these main threats, other possible reasons for the decline in their populations include increased UVB radiation and local and far-ranging pesticides, fertilizers, and pollutants. Trout have been observed preying on European tree frogs, and in Europe, trout introduced into a pond result in a significant decline in their population.While H. arborea is sensitive to habitat fragmentation, habitat restoration (beginning in the 1980s) has been successful to increase populations. Besides habitat restoration, other attempts to increase population have included building of new breeding ponds, creation of “habitat corridors to connect breeding sites”, and reintroductions. This has been successful in Sweden, Latvia, and Denmark. Habitat protection has been shown to be the most important approach to conserving European tree frog populations.

4541897127550117576

Q5262986

Derrick C. Brown Life Brown graduated from Pacifica High School in 1991 and became a highly decorated paratrooper for the 82nd Airborne in Ft. Bragg, North Carolina for three years from 1991-1993. He was also trained in combat arms as an Airborne Artilleryman, expert M203 Grenadier, expert Humvee Driver and expert M60 marksman. He is a disabled veteran due to hearing loss from artillery while being enlisted during the First Gulf War. He studied Speech and Debate (Forensics), Playwriting and Broadcast Journalism at Cypress College, Palomar College and Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff Arizona. Prior to beginning his career as a poet and publisher, Brown held numerous odd jobs, including a weatherman (Flagstaff Arizona, 1997), a magician (Knotts Berry Farm, 1988 to 1990), a singing gondolier (Naples, CA from 2000 to 2004) and a writer and director for a children's show called Kidmo/Invision (1998- 2007). Music Brown was the lead singer/songwriter of the John Wilkes Kissing Booth and All Black Cinema. Most recently, he performs with musician Beau Jennings in the group "Night Reports" which focuses on haunted baseball themed music. He credits his background in independent music for much of his success with his touring career and publishing house. Poetry / Performance Brown first discovered poetry when he was enlisted in the 82nd Airborne. His involvement with poetry escalated when he became involved with the Long Beach and Orange County Poetry Slam community. He competed at his first National Poetry Slam in 1998, where he placed second in the National Poetry Slam individual championship in 1998. He began touring nationally with his poetry shortly thereafter. To date, Brown has performed at over 1800 venues and universities, including Glastonbury, La Sorbonne in Paris, CBGB's, The Nuyorican Poets Café in New York City, The Mission Creek Literary Festival and The Berlin International Literary Festival.Early in his career, Brown often toured solo. However, he became known for touring and collaborating with other artists. In October 2006, Brown teamed up with poet and actress Amber Tamblyn for several poetry performances in California called The Lazers of Sexcellance. In 2007, he toured Europe opening for the band Cold War Kids, chronicled in the documentary poetry concert film about him, You Belong Everywhere. In 2009, The All Tomorrow's Parties Festival, curated by The Flaming Lips, invited Derrick Brown to be the opening act for comedian David Cross. Brown performed with The Navy Gravy. IN 2006, Brown collaborated with painter Blaine Fontana for a live reading and gallery opening of new paintings based on Brown's work. Brown performed as a poet on The Tonight show with Jay Leno in 2007 with Cold War Kids, Elvis Perkins and Jessica Alba.Brown was known for being an innovator in curating unique and creative poetry adventures like the Double Decker Poetry Bus Party and poetry shows at sea for Poetry Cruise, which he started in Long Beach CA, 2008.Brown is the brainchild of The Lightbulb Mouth Radio Hour. With Mindy Nettifee and later Jeremy Radin, Brown curated a new type of live literary show involving news, informationists, authors and music.Derrick has performed for the Best American Contemporary Poetry Concert series, The Drums Inside Your Chest, curated by Mindy Nettifee and Amber Tamblyn. He appears in the film of the same name. The series has featured authors such as San Francisco poet laureate Jack Hirschman, Patricia Smith, Michael McClure, Wanda Coleman, Brendan Constantine, Jeffrey McDaniel and Andrea Gibson. The title of the series is based off a line from one of Brown's poems about the Citizens of Narnia. The anniversary BCAPS show in 2011 was hosted by Derrick Brown and Comedian David Cross.In 2011, Derrick was commissioned to write a new, 40-55 minute long poem for the Noord Nederlands Dans Collective, choreographed by Juilliard alum Stephen Shropshire. The work, Instrumental, was achieved by using fourteen dancers, an orchestra, one poet and was conducted by Emily Wells and Timmy Straw. It received rave reviews in the Netherlands and Canada. The poem for Instrumental, "Strange Light" is simultaneously a cosmic love story and an auto-biographical gut-search, culls themes present throughout his poetry into a single work, where they are clarified in the light of a newfound personal vulnerability. “When you die, it is poetry that leaves the body,” Brown writes — so it follows that life is all of the poetry vibrating within the body. The poem tells the story of one such body: “a man with strange light and tiny blisses…” The Poetry Revival Tours In 2007, Brown began touring annually with Buddy Wakefield and Anis Mojgani, calling their group “The Poetry Revival.” Each year, the group invited other popular performance poets and musicians to join them for certain legs of the tour, and altered the name slightly to reflect the changing line-up. 2007 was known as "Solomon Sparrow's Electric Whale Revival". 2008 was known as "Junkyard Ghost Revival". 2009 was known the "Elephant Engine High Dive Revival". And 2010 was known as the "Night Kite Revival". These poetry events were performed to large crowds across the United States. Write Bloody Publishing In 2004, Brown started Write Bloody Publishing, an independent press founded in Nashville, TN. It moved headquarters to Long Beach, CA and in 2012, moved it again to Austin, Texas. The press is known for publishing established and emerging poets, and each author must tour annually. Write Bloody is known as being at the forefront of innovative Independent Publishing and has released 90 volumes of poetry, including books by Buddy Wakefield, Anis Mojgani, Taylor Mali, Andrea Gibson, Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz and Beau Sia, among others. The books are distributed internationally by SCB distributors. Brown is quoted as saying that he utilizes a rock and roll, record label indie model for running his publishing company.In 2012, Brown's press, Write Bloody Publishing was asked to curate the WordXWord festival in Pittsfield Massachusetts.In 2012, Brown launched The Shelf Life Poetry project to send poetry books that would otherwise be shredded to homeless shelters, prisons and underfunded youth writing programs.In 2012, Brown opened up the first all poetry, physical bookshop just for his press, called Write Bloody, in Austin, Texas.In 2013, Brown began touring with Eugene Mirman of Bob's Burgers.In 2014, Brown was the voice of Mappy in Aqua Teen Hunger Force.

14336952491009601926

Q514594

Rodney Wallace (footballer) Youth and college Wallace's family moved to the United States when he was nine. He grew up in Rockville, Maryland, played for Potomac Soccer Association and attended The Bullis School, and played college soccer at the University of Maryland, College Park. Professional Wallace was drafted in the first round (6th overall) of the 2009 MLS SuperDraft by D.C. United on 15 January 2009. He made his professional debut on 22 March 2009, in DC's first game of the 2009 MLS season against Los Angeles Galaxy, and scored his first career professional goal on 26 April 2009, in a 3–2 win over New York Red Bulls. As both a defender and midfielder, Wallace played 39 regular-season games and made 36 starts over his two years with D.C. United, compiling three goals and five assists.On 24 November 2010, D.C. United traded Wallace and a fourth-round pick in the 2011 MLS SuperDraft to Portland Timbers in exchange for Dax McCarty and allocation money.Wallace re-signed with Portland on 6 December 2012. In summer 2014, Wallace was sent on loan to USL Pro club Arizona United to regain match fitness after returning from injury.Wallace returned to the Portland Timbers at the beginning of the 2015 season. He served as a regular starter all of the regular season. In the 2015 Audi MLS Cup playoffs, Wallace played a vital role in the team's success, scoring a goal against Sporting Kansas City in the knockout rounds. They went on to win that game in a penalty shootout 7–6 in what was the longest penalty shootout in MLS Cup playoffs history. The Timbers would go on to win the Western Conference Championship against FC Dallas and enter their first ever MLS Cup Final. Wallace came up big in the final, scoring what would go on to be the game winner in the 7th minute. The final score was 2–1.Wallace signed with Portuguese Primeira Liga side F.C. Arouca in January 2016.Two months later, on 30 March 2016, Sport Recife signed Wallace on a two-year contract, expiring at the end of the 2017 season. According to some Brazilian sources, the transfer fee between Sport Recife and Arouca was 200,000 euros. Wallace went on to make 24 appearances for Sport Recife, scoring four goals in the 2016 season.Following rumors in the beginning of January 2017 that Wallace had no intentions of returning to Brazil, Wallace failed to report to the first day of preseason on 9 January 2017. Sport Recife subsequently set a deadline of 13 January 2017, for Wallace to return or present a plausible reason for non-attendance. On 16 January 2017, Wallace responded asking to be released. While Wallace and Sport Recife remained at an impasse for nearly a month, rumors began to swirl of a possible return to his former club, Portland Timbers. Wallace and Sport Recife finally reached resolution when he returned to Brazil and re-paid the club's 200,000 euro transfer fee on 1 February 2017. Sport Recife released Wallace from his contract the next day on 2 February 2017. Following his release, rumors have continued to persist of a possible return to the Timbers. New York City FC Wallace signed with New York City FC on 15 February 2017. He scored his first goal for the club on 12 March, in a 4–0 win over D.C. United. International During his first season in Portland, Wallace established himself as a starter at left midfield for the expansion club. His efforts earned him a call to represent Costa Rica in September. He made his international debut on 2 September 2011 at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California, and scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory over the United States. As of December 2014, Wallace has earned a total of 17 caps, scoring 3 goals. He represented his country in 3 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.In May 2018 he was named in Costa Rica’s 23 man squad for the 2018 World Cup in Russia. Personal Wallace holds a U.S. green card which qualifies him as a domestic player for MLS roster purposes.

14138961522739834136

Q261021

Sander Puri Levadia Puri was born in Tartu, Tartu County. In 2005, at the age of 16, Puri started his professional career with Levadia. He scored his first Meistriliiga goal on 1 June 2005, in a 2–0 victory over Kuressaare. On 30 July 2007, Sander and his twin brother Eino Puri joined Tulevik a half-year loan. He played 14 league matches, scoring 4 goals. In 2008, Puri had two trials with Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund and in late 2009 with Scottish Premier League club Celtic. Larissa On 14 December 2009, Puri signed a five-year contract with Superleague Greece club Larissa. On 18 March 2010, Puri scored the winning goal against PAOK, in the final moment of the match with a tap in from close range. However, in his second season, Puri's place in the team became increasingly limited which resulted him being loaned out twice. His contract was mutually terminated on 31 January 2012. Loan spells with Korona Kielce and Pápa In January 2011, Puri went on loan to Ekstraklasa club Korona Kielce, on a contract until the end of the season. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw against Zagłębie Lubin on 26 February 2011. Puri scored his first goal for the club in a 3–3 home draw against Polonia Bytom on 12 March 2011. However, due to injuries he only made eight appearances for the club.In July 2011, Puri was loaned to Nemzeti Bajnokság I club Pápa. On 23 July 2011, Puri made his debut in a 2–0 home win over Siófok. On 21 September 2011, Puri scored his first goal in a 10–0 win against Győrszemere in the third round of the 2011–12 Magyar Kupa. The loan contract was mutually terminated on 19 January 2012 after spending six months at the club. At Pápa, Puri made 14 appearances, scoring 1 goal. KuPS Puri joined Veikkausliiga club KuPS on 27 March 2012 on a contract until the end of the season, after a successful trial. He made his debut after starting in a 1–0 away win over VPS in the 2012 Finnish League Cup group stage on 25 February. His first goal came in a 5–1 away win over JJK on 11 June 2012. Puri scored for KuPS in the UEFA Europa League qualifying 1–0 home win against Bursaspor. He scored the winning goal against MYPA in the semi-final of the 2012 Finnish Cup on 30 August, but received a straight red card in the final, which the team lost to Honka.On 12 December 2012, Puri was released by the club after one season. After his release, Puri was offered a contract with A Group club Beroe Stara Zagora, but he rejected the move. St Mirren On 15 March 2013, Puri signed a contract until the end of 2012–13 with Scottish Premier League club St Mirren, despite the interest of divisional rivals Kilmarnock, but was not offered a contract following a trial. He made his debut on 31 March 2013 as an 88th-minute substitute in a league match against Celtic. Having made three appearances for the club, Puri was released on 15 May 2013. York City Puri signed for League Two club York City on 13 June 2013 on a one-year contract with the option of a one-year extension. He made his debut in a 1–0 home win over Northampton Town on 3 August 2013, in the first match of 2013–14. He was released by York in May 2014. Sligo Rovers Puri signed for League of Ireland Premier Division club Sligo Rovers after a successful trial on 1 February 2015. On 22 May 2015, he scored his first goal in a 1–1 away draw with Derry City, after rounding the ball past goalkeeper Shaun Patton. Karviná Puri signed for Czech National Football League club Karviná on 18 February 2016. Nõmme Kalju In August 2016, Puri returned to Estonia and signed a contract with Nõmme Kalju. Waterford In January 2017, Puri signed for League of Ireland First Division club Waterford. He made his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Athlone Town on 24 February 2017. A lengthy injury absence prevented Puri being involved with Waterford from March to July 2017. Despite returning to training in July it was only on 18 August Puri made a return for Waterford as he appeared as an unused substitute in the teams crucial 1–0 win over UCD. The Estonian international finally made his long awaited return for Waterford in the 1–1 draw against Shelbourne on 1 September and he nearly scored a late winner on two occasions, his first effort struk the post and then he was only inches away from tapping home from close range but his outstretched leg couldn't convert. His impressive cameo earned him a start for the game against Wexford on 15 September, he assisted Mark O'Sullivan for his second goal in that game, Waterford beat Wexford 3–0. That win coupled with Cobh Ramblers 3–0 defeat to Cabinteely crowned Waterford as league champions with two games to spare.Puri signed a new one year contract with Waterford for the 2018 season as the club entered the League of Ireland Premier Division. Puri scored his first goal for Waterford in their 1–0 win over Bohemians. Nõmme Kalju In February 2019 Puri returned to Nõmme Kalju, signing a two-year contract. International career Puri was capped by Estonia at under-17, under-19 and under-21 level. He made his debut for the senior national team on 30 May 2008 against Latvia in the 2008 Baltic Cup. He scored his first national team goal on 22 November 2008, in a 1–1 draw against Lithuania in a Mayors Cup match. A goal against Saint Kitts and Nevis saw him awarded the Estonian Silverball, for the best goal scored for Estonia in 2015. Personal life Puri is one of three triplets: his brother, Eino Puri, is also a footballer and his sister, Kadri Puri, is a volleyball player.

16202348738104563125

Q6433370

Emigration from Kosovo Current situation With 70 percent of the population being under the age of 35, Kosovo has one of the most pronounced youth bulges in Europe. There continues to be a significant trend for emigration, with about 50 percent of Kosovo's youth stating they would emigrate if they could. Kosovo's labour market is unable to absorb this high number. A Framework paper for the donor's conference held on 11 July 2008 by the UK Government's DFID (DFID, 2008) suggests that Kosovo could become an exporter of labour. Diaspora investment in Kosovo The Ministry for the Diaspora held a conference on “Attracting Diaspora investment in Kosovo”, recognizing the importance of the diaspora to the economy of Kosovo.The Minister for the Diaspora, Mr. Ibrahim Makolli, said that the Ministry's objectives are to identify, encourage, and support investment from the diaspora.Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Trade and Industry (MTI), Mimoza Kusari – Lila, presented plans to attract investment from Kosovo's diaspora, directly relating to two agencies that operate under the MTI. At the press conference, she talked about the Business Registration Agency. The Agency will collaborate with Ministry for the Diaspora to open Business Registration Centres in Switzerland, Germany, the United States, and Turkey, to process business registrations outside Kosovo relating to Kosovar business owners. Many international representatives attended this meeting.The objective of the conferences is to promote investment and inform the Kosovo diaspora of facilities for doing business, and reforms that have been implemented in Kosovo.Business registration in Kosovo is now much easier and faster. Goods import and export procedures have been significantly reduced, a considerable number of construction licenses have been eliminated, and contract implementation has been greatly improved through laws governing enforcement procedures, notaries and the cadastre.Among other progress, Minister Kusari – Lila also spoke about the conclusion of the investment protection agreement. Agreements have been signed with 12 countries: the United Kingdom, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Croatia, Japan, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Norway, France, and Montenegro. Finally, the positive impact of improved relations with the European Union on investment promotion and growth.Kosovo's remittances for 2010 were €511.6 million. 30% of foreign direct investment came from the diaspora. Socio-economic development contribution According to official statistics, Kosovo benefits from 450 - 500,000,000 million euros in annual revenues as a result of the diaspora. Around 30 percent of households in Kosovo have access to international remittances – in form of money or goods. 49% of donors live in Germany, 24% in Switzerland. Remittances made 17.5 percent of country's GDP in year 2000 (275 million Euros). Studies Based on the article 'Beyond Remittances: Public Diplomacy and Kosovo's diaspora', Kosovo diaspora is seen as source for the country's public diplomacy because it is considered that the role of Kosovo's diaspora is being a primary provider of remittances and investments in Kosovo.This is founded by SDC in Forum for Democratic Initiatives, PristinaForum for Democratics Initiatives has also found:Report based on the results of a survey lasted a year collaborating with the University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and commissioned by the Swiss agency for development and cooperation (SDC). It was found that about a third of Kosovar families are taking international shipments, which are mainly used for consumption and luxury goods. Diaspora fund to start businesses is twelve-fold higher than that received from international development agencies. However, compared with diaspora investment expectations remain low, this is due to the focus on integration rather than on the financial support of Kosovo.Based on 'Kosovo - winning its independence but losing its people? Recent evidence on emigration intentions', the reasons of emigration that contribute in diaspora forming, vary or are linked to the population needs, thus the quality of educating, the level of conditions for work, unemployment emphasis the desire to migrate. But we should be aware that the Kosovars abroad consider the labour force with low education so works that are done from them are like building construction, public service etc.Regarding the survey, the first preference for people of Kosovar nationality for emigration is Germany, on the list are Switzerland and the U.S. (both 34%), UK (29%), France (18.2%), Italy (16.4%) and Sweden (15.2%).Favourite places to Kosovo Serbs: Serbia (29.7%) and Switzerland (21.6%), USA, Norway, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Slovenia and Montenegro with a score between 4 and 6%. For both populations Switzerland is an attractive destination, reflecting previous networks refugees. (ESI)(2006). Germany is also the most important destination among Kosovo Albanians.The main reasons for emigration 52.5% of respondents emphasize unemployment in Kosovo,25.7% a chance to increase income and 9.7% better career and growth opportunities.At the same time, the report reflects on the fragile state of the economy, in particular the unemployment rate, which is rated at about 40%.

18323931548102508114

Q6674769

Lonnie Youngblood Biographical Youngblood's main influence is King Curtis, although his earliest influence was his mother's favorite artist Louis Jordan. In 1966 Youngblood played with Hendrix on some sessions with various singers for producer Johnny Brantley. Three of these sessions yielded the Youngblood singles "Goodbye, Bessie Mae"/ "Soul Food (That's What I Like)" and "Go Go Shoes" (Parts 1 & 2), and five singles by other artists. After Hendrix' death Brantley put together an LP from these sessions, including the two Youngblood singles, the other artists singles plus a couple of out-takes from these sessions, adding some new overdubs to "improve" the sound. All of the original vocals by the other artists were wiped, although they can be heard faintly in places, and there was no mention of them. None of the original artists were credited - apart from Youngblood - and the cover misleadingly featured a 1969 photo of Hendrix and Youngblood jamming on stage. The sleeve notes falsely claim that these were Hendrix earliest recordings made in 1963. This date has clearly been demonstrated to be false by earlyhendrix.com. He also worked from time to time in Curtis Knight & Hendrix' group Curtis Knight and the Squires. In 2010 Youngblood initiated a lawsuit against the Hendrix estate, MCA Records and film director Martin Scorsese for their unauthorised use of what he claimed was his composition "Georgia Blues" on the Jimi Hendrix album "Martin Scorsese Presents The Blues."His first professional job was backing up Pearl Reaves in 1959. He also got his stage name from Reaves. The first time she saw him, she exclaimed, "Oh, he's just a baby!" and from then on he was no longer Lonnie Thomas but Lonnie Youngblood.Youngblood's first solo recording, "Heartbreak" became a hit and help him work as bandleader for Faye Adams, Buster Brown, and Baby Washington. Youngblood was a regular on college campuses in the '60s and appeared numerous times at the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity at Dartmouth College on which the Delta House in the film Animal House was largely based.Youngblood doesn't appear to have played with Hendrix after these 1966 sessions. Then in 1969 he was photographed jamming on stage with Youngblood in New York, and around this time he also added a lead guitar overdub to Youngblood's song "Georgia Blues". The two remained friends up until Jimi's death in 1970. Youngblood worked mostly as a backup musician during the remainder of the 60's for James Brown, Jackie Wilson, Ben E. King, Sam & Dave, and other soul greats.The recordings that Youngblood made that featured Hendrix amounted to four songs on two singles. They were released during Hendrix's lifetime. They were "Soul Food (That's a What I Like)" / "Goodbye, Bessie Mae" and "Go Go Shoes" / "Go Go Place".Lonnie Youngblood continues to perform, and is nicknamed the "Prince of Harlem". Solo releases Lonnie Youngblood has released at least four albums from the 1970s to the 1980s. Live At The Sugar Shack in 1971, Sweet Sweet Tootie in 1973 and the self-titled Lonnie Youngblood in 1977. All of them on the Turbo Records label. In 1981, Feelings was released by Warner Music Group.In 2011, he recorded an album with electric organist [Dave_"Baby"_Cortez|Dave "Baby" Cortez] for Norton Records, catalog number 380. Singles Go go shoes / Go go place, Fairmount Records F-1002, 1966 Soul food (That's a What I Like) / Goodbye, Bessie Mae, Fairmount Records F-1022, 1967African twist - Part 1 / African twist - Part 2, Loma 2081, Oct 1967 Albums Live At The Sugar Shack, Turbo Records TU 7003, 1971 Sweet Sweet Tootie, Turbo Records TU-7011, 1973 Two Great Experiences Together, Maple Record Co LPM 6004, 1971 (JImi Hendrix & lonnie Youngblood)Lonnie Youngblood, Turbo Records TU-7019, 1977

4010947583543717995

Q4836124

BNH Hospital Origins In the latter years of the 19th century health care in Bangkok was rudimentary and based on traditional Chinese and Thai medicine. Yet Bangkok was growing as a base for British and other foreign companies and an increasing numbers of expatriate employees who demanded familiar western-type health care. Western style clinics and hospitals were unknown and doctors trained in contemporary western medicine were exceptional by their absence.On 20 August 1897 Bangkok's British community met at the British Legation with Mr George Grenville the resident British Minister and Consul General; this group proposed the establishment of a hospital modeled on contemporary British practice. As was the custom their decision was proposed to the Siamese monarch, King Chulalongkorn, who endorsed it and instructed the Ministry of Education to supervise the establishment of a nursing home exclusively for the care of Bangkok's foreign residents.The king stipulated that the nursing home should be a non-profit organisation and provided an annual grant of 960 baht.In the middle of 1898, two British nurses Matron Cawley and the hospital's first nursing sister Miss Hitchens arrived from the UK and by August the hospital was ready to receive its first patients.Its first home was in temporary rented accommodation a little way from its present location. In the first few years the hospital faced many difficulties, not the least of them financial. There were times when salaries could not be paid, but nurses being what they are, continued their work.In 1899 the Siamese economy faced a crisis of confidence resulting in an economic slump, making the hospital's precarious financial situation more insecure. But in the year between its opening and the financial crisis the Bangkok Nursing Home had proved its value to the expatriate community, it was clear that it had become a resource that was too valuable to lose.However the haemorrhaging of funds was not easily stemmed, so in April 1901 another meeting was held at the Court House of the British Legation. The original founding group was wound up and a new association established in September of that year, under the wing of a certain Mr Halliday who took over the assets of 2000 baht. Mr Halliday also had the responsibility of paying the nurses' salaries.Later in 1901 the Bangkok Nursing Home Association raised a loan of 50 000 baht and purchased a plot of land in Convent Road from the Crown Property Office. Just twelve months later a new hospital, built at a cost of 31 762 baht was opened.Teresa Lightwood contributed to the maternity services in Siam in the 1940s. For more information read Teresa of Siam published by Cassell in 1960. Development With an average load of only 50 patients each year between 1902 and 1912 it cannot be said that the nursing staff were overworked. But from this small base the hospital's fortune and revenues grew steadily to such a point that in 1912 a new wing was built. The new building was funded partly by public subscription and by a 500 baht donation from Siam's Anglophile King Vajiravudh. The King Chulalongkorn Wing housed an operating theatre and a maternity ward and was opened by King Vajiravudh on 23 July 1912.Just four years later further expansion was necessary and an 8 000 baht gift from the king facilitated further expansion. By 1922 the Bangkok Nursing Home's services were in such demand that it was necessary to build a new hospital.It appears that money was still tight and the required funds were not readily available. The governing Committee examined a number of funding methods including public subscriptions and a lottery; a combination of a lottery and public subscriptions were considered the best means of raising funds.The ambassadors of The Netherlands, Denmark, United States and Britain agreed to become patrons of the hospital. The king received a deputation and gave consent for the establishment of a lottery.The lottery raised 89 354 baht and public subscriptions 40 000 baht allowing the Nursing Home to buy land for its new building which opened thirty years after the founding of the original hospital.In the late 1980s early 90s the BNH was again stretched to its limit and in need of expansion. With its historical association with the Thai Royal Family, the management committee approached the Crown Property Bureau to become a partner in the building of a new international standard hospital.And on the 14 February 1996 the new Bangkok Nursing Home was opened and a few years later it re-branded itself as the BNH Hospital. Present status A measure of its success is, that in its 107th year it is initiating another upgrading of its services and facilities. George Grenville and the founding fathers would be proud that the little nursing home in rented accommodation, based on British principles, is now one of the leading international hospitals in South East Asia.Because of its roots in the British community and more importantly as it was established as a charitable non-profit institution the BNH still values its role as a contributor to the well being of the people of Bangkok. To this end it organises a major semi-annual fund raising event in the form of a 'bed push'. Over the two years since the first bed push the BNH Hospital has raised over two million baht for a children's charity. Contact Tel: (+662) 686-2700Address: 9/1, Convent Road, Silom Bangkok 10500, ThailandSee map, click https://www.google.com/search?q=map+bnh+hospital+bangkok&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en&client=safari

3859907107637678985

Q15461706

Julius Getman Julius Gerson Getman (born 1931) is a professor of law at the University of Texas School of Law, and a noted labor and employment law scholar and labor historian. Education Getman received his bachelor's degree from the City College of New York in 1953. He then attended Harvard Law School, where he received his bachelor of laws in 1958 and his master of laws in 1963. He began consulting for various labor and management groups thereafter, and became a noted arbitrator in labor disputes. Career From 1959 to 1961, Getman was an attorney with the National Labor Relations Board in Washington, D.C.He received an appointment as an associate professor of law at the Indiana University Bloomington school of law in 1963, becoming a full professor in 1967.Getman was visiting professor of law at Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi and the Indian Law Institute in New Delhi from 1967 to 1968.He returned to the United States and became a visiting professor of law at the University of Chicago Law School for the 1970-1971 term.From 1976 to 1977, Getman was a professor of law at Stanford Law School. He won appointment at a professor of law at Yale Law School in 1978, where he remained until 1986. The same year, he became chief negotiator for the Connecticut State Police. During his tenure at Yale, Getman also became general counsel for the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), a position he held from 1980 to 1982.In 1986, Getman was appointed Earl E. Sheffield Regents Professor of Law at the University of Texas School of Law. He spent the 1991-1992 term as Richard Huber Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Boston College. Research Getman is a nationally renowned scholar of labor law. Getman conducts numerous field studies, and an empirical rather than theoretical perspective dominates his work. He co-wrote two books on federal labor law which remain fundamental texts in the field: Union Representation Elections: Law and Reality in 1976 and Labor Relations: The Basic Processes, Law and Practice in 1988.Getman is also a well-known labor historian and activist. His 1998 book, The Betrayal of Local 14: Paperworkers, Politics and Permanent Replacements, tells the story of the 1987 strike at the International Paper paper mill in Androscoggin, Maine. Getman analyzes various factors which contributed to the strike's short-term success as well as its eventual collapse, arguing that federal labor law and internal union politics (especially those at international union headquarters as well as rivalries between the local union and its parent) were what led the strike to ultimately fail. With former United States Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall, he co-edited The Future of Labor Unions: Organized Labor in the 21st Century in 2004. The book analyzes how American, foreign and transnational labor policies might more effectively meet the needs of workers, companies and the public.Getman has also published a book critical of higher education, In the Company of Scholars: The Struggle for the Soul of Higher Education. The book discusses the decline in the status of academicians, how politics and parochialism undermine scholasticism, and how faculty have been increasingly marginalized in the decision-making processes of American colleges and universities. Memberships and awards Getman is a member of the American Association of University Professors, and served as the organization's president from 1986 to 1988.He is also a member of the editorial committee and executive committee of the Labor Law Group, an association of labor and employment law professors.Getman was admitted to the District of Columbia Bar in 1959 and to the Indiana Bar in 1970.Getman's The Betrayal of Local 14: Paperworkers, Politics and Permanent Replacements won UT's Robert Hamilton Award for the best book by a University of Texas professor. Personal life Getman's first novel, Strike!, was published in 2007. His oldest son Daniel has followed in his fathers footsteps by creating the Getman & Sweeney PLLC law firm which represents employees in overtime cases. His younger son Mike Getman, is the long-time head coach of the University of Alabama-Birmingham Blazers men's soccer team. His daughter Polya Getman is a dressage rider.

15044486550552326594

Q5030707

Canadian and American Reformed Churches Basic beliefs and doctrine Members of the Canadian and American Reformed Churches believe that the Bible is the infallible Word of God and the authoritative rule for all of life. The heart of the preaching and teaching in these churches is that Jesus of Nazareth is both true man and true God and is the long-awaited Messiah who suffered and died for the sins of God's people, and that this demands a thankful response of faith and obedience. Like other Reformed churches, they teach that salvation is by grace through faith in Jesus Christ alone, follow Reformed (Calvinist) theology, and have adopted the Three Forms of Unity (Belgic Confession, Heidelberg Catechism, and Canons of Dort) as their doctrinal standards. Upon public profession of faith, members are understood to subscribe to these confessions as faithfully summarizing the doctrine of the Bible. The member churches believe they are part of the one true church of God, distinguished by the marks of the true church. History The Canadian and American Reformed Churches are rooted in the Protestant Reformation, especially as it developed in the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands and came to Canada via post Second World War Dutch immigrants.The Canadian Reformed Churches were founded by members of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated) who immigrated to Canada following World War II. These Dutch immigrants first made contact with already-existing Reformed churches in Canada, especially the Protestant Reformed Churches in America (PRC) and the Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRCNA), in the hope that they could join with them. This was not possible, however, due to theological differences with the PRC, and the fact that the CRCNA sympathized with the churches which expelled the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated) in 1944.The first Canadian Reformed congregation was instituted in Lethbridge, Alberta, on April 16, 1950. The same year, churches were instituted in Edmonton and Neerlandia, Alberta; Orangeville, Ontario; and New Westminster, British Columbia. Currently there are over 50 congregations, which can be found in British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario, as well as in the American states of Washington, Michigan and Colorado. Church government Believing that the government of the church must be regulated by the Bible, the Canadian Reformed Churches practice a traditionally Reformed "bottom-up" polity, as opposed to a "top-down" model of church government. This approach to church polity reflects their continental Reformed roots. It is both anti-hierarchical and anti-independent, promoting both the autonomy of the local church and the need to cooperate within a federation.Only male members who have made profession of faith and may be considered to meet the conditions as set forth in Holy Scripture (e.g., in 1 Timothy 3 and Titus 1) shall be eligible for office. Females are restricted from all levels of government. This includes pastors, elders and deacons.The government of the Canadian Reformed Churches is based on the church order adopted by the Synod of Dort (1618–1619). The federation is divided into eight classical regions, with two annual regional synods and a general synod every three years. Missions Foreign missions: the churches in Hamilton and Cloverdale are involved in mission in Brazil. The church at Toronto is involved in mission in Papua New Guinea. The church in Smithville, Ontario, has a missionary in West Timor.Native missions: a program of outreach was established in Smithers, British Columbia, among the First Nations.Canadian and American Reformed Churches are involved in evangelism and home missions in the US and Canada. A radio ministry was established recently. Education Maintaining the principle that theological education must be maintained by the churches and for the churches, the federation operates the Canadian Reformed Theological Seminary, which is located in Hamilton, Ontario. Although separate from the denomination, parents within the federation have organised a number of privately funded schools at the elementary and secondary levels across the country.

17661792628199117421

Q519542

Rheinische Zeitung The Rheinische Zeitung ("Rhenish Newspaper") was a 19th-century German newspaper, edited most famously by Karl Marx. The paper was launched in January 1842 and terminated by Prussian state censorship in March 1843. The paper was eventually succeeded by a daily newspaper launched by Karl Marx on behalf of the Communist League in June 1848, called the Neue Rheinische Zeitung ("New Rhenish Newspaper"). Background The city of Cologne (Köln) has long been the most important urban center of the region of Germany known as Rhineland. During the decade of the 1830s a newspaper called the Kölnische Zeitung ("Cologne Newspaper") emerged as the voice of the Catholic political opposition based in that city. The protestant Prussian government, based in Berlin, considered this newspaper and its 8,000 subscribers a thorn in its side, and looked favorably upon attempts of those attempting to establish new newspapers to undercut the Kölnische Zeitung's dominant position.A series of papers had been launched in Cologne, each failing, with the powerful Kölnische Zeitung generally buying out its fledgling competitors. One of this series of hapless rivals was a newspaper launched in Cologne in December 1839 called the Rheinische Allgemeine Zeitung ("Rhenish General Newspaper"). The paper struggled for two years without successfully gaining a foothold and seemed headed for extinction. When it was evident that the newspaper was becoming bankrupt soon, George Jung and Moses Hess convinced some leading rich liberals of the Rhineland, like Camphausen, Mevissen and Oppenheim to establish a company to buy out the newspaper. The sub-heading was "For politics, Commerce and Industry'. The shareholders initially chose Friedrich List as editor but were declined due to his health problems. Then the editorship was offered to Gustav Höfken, while Hess given the post of sub-editor.At the eleventh hour a group of prominent Cologne citizens decided to raise fresh working capital and to attempt to reestablish the paper on a new basis. This new version of the old Rheinische Allgemeine Zeitung was to be known as the Rheinische Zeitung ("Rhenish News"). Establishment The Rheinische Zeitung was launched on 1 January 1842, with Moses Hess serving as an editor. The paper originally expressed a pro-government stance, but its political line soon shifted to better accord with popular sentiment among Rhinelanders, many of whom regarded the Prussian government in Berlin as an oppressive alien entity.Although living in Bonn at the time of the paper's launch, Karl Marx seems to have been aware of the project from its inception and he began contributing articles to its pages, which drew notice from among the paper's readers. These articles would be the first of Marx's writings (beside his doctoral dissertation) to be published for the public. Previously fixated upon questions of abstract philosophy, Marx was first introduced to practical journalism in the course of writing for the Rheinische Zeitung. It was during this period, too, that Marx first came into contact Moses Hess and with French socialist ideas.In the pages of the Rheinische Zeitung Marx had criticized the failings of the Rhineland Diet, seated at Düsseldorf, charging it with implementing class-based legislation which negatively impacted the rights and prosperity of common citizens in favor of a privileged stratum of landowners. In long articles Marx was additionally critical of the Diet's failings to advance the cause of freedom of the press, as well as its refusal to publish its own proceedings. Far from revolutionary at this juncture, Marx retained a faith that public debate in a free press would be sufficient to ameliorate the various evils facing society regardless of the Diet's weakness.The government was agitated by the Rheinische Zeitung but did not take the step of forcing its closure, hoping instead that the paper would die on its own. This seemed a reasonable assessment, as by the middle of August 1842 the paper's subscriber list had dwindled to just 885. However, on 15 October 1842, Marx was appointed to the editorial board and the Rheinische Zeitung began an apparent rise from the ashes gaining nearly 1,000 subscribers over the course of the next month.Marx analyzed the debate of the Rhineland Diet dealing with the alleged theft of wood by the peasantry — a topic which Marx later recalled "provided the first occasion for occupying myself in the economic questions." Frederick Engels, who first established close personal relations with Karl Marx in 1844, later affirmed that it was Marx's journalism at the Rheinische Zeitung which led him "from pure politics to economic relationships and so to socialism." Suppression With the paper's fortunes on the rise, the Rheinische Zeitung continued to draw the government's ire, with the publication in January 1843 of a series of articles documenting the government's refusal to take seriously the complaints of the local peasantry. A defiant tone of some published correspondence and growing sentiment for democracy among the populus further alienated the authorities. On 21 January 1843 the Cabinet, with the King in attendance, decided that the Rheinische Zeitung should be suppressed.The intelligentsia of the Rhineland saw the suppression of the newspaper as a personal affront and a delegation was sent to Berlin in an attempt to forestall the paper's final closure. Subscriptions had risen to more than 3,000 — very few German papers of the day were larger and none more widely quoted. Moreover, thousands of citizens signed petitions calling for the publication's continuation.Regardless of the appeals of the citizenry on behalf of the paper, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV refused to grant an audience to hear a personal appeal and the mass of public petitions gathered were pointedly ignored.In desperation shareholders in the paper demanded that the Rheinische Zeitung tone down its aggressive political line, a move which prompted Marx to submit his resignation as editor on 17 March 1843. The local censor was enthusiastic about this change in the newspaper's staff, noting that a "really moderate though insignificant man" named Oppenheim had taken over the editorial chair and recommending that the decision to close the paper be reversed. Legacy In the view of historian David Fernbach, the suppression of the paper in March 1843 by the Prussian government shattered Marx's belief that the country could traverse the road from monarchy to constitutional democracy without revolutionary struggle.In the aftermath of the suppression of the original Rheinische Zeitung, Marx had left Germany altogether, landing in Paris where a new publishing proposal awaited him. Marx would spend the next five years in France, Belgium, and England, waiting for a suitable moment to make a return to his native Rhineland.Marx would return to Cologne during the first half of April 1848, amidst the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states and immediately began to make preparations to establish a new — and more radical — newspaper. This publication, launched on June 1, would be known as the Neue Rheinische Zeitung ("New Rhenish News").

17171516756495714682

Q966114

Walkerville, Montana Geography Walkerville is located at 46°1′48″N 112°32′18″W (46.029963, -112.538348). It is the only part of Silver Bow County not within the city of Butte, which surrounds it.According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.23 square miles (5.78 km²), all of it land. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 675 people, 304 households, and 175 families residing in the town. The population density was 302.7 inhabitants per square mile (116.9/km²). There were 344 housing units at an average density of 154.3 per square mile (59.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 93.2% White, 0.1% African American, 3.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.9% of the population.There were 304 households of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.4% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.90.The median age in the town was 44.2 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.3% were from 25 to 44; 33.8% were from 45 to 64; and 15% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 714 people, 297 households, and 195 families residing in the town. The population density was 325.1 people per square mile (125.3/km²). There were 343 housing units at an average density of 156.2 per square mile (60.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 94.26% White, 0.14% African American, 4.06% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.70% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.22% of the population.There were 297 households out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.00.In the town, the population was spread out with 25.5% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.The median income for a household in the town was $28,009, and the median income for a family was $29,861. Males had a median income of $27,404 versus $19,063 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,156. About 9.9% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.8% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over. History Walkerville was a suburb of Butte, Montana and is home to some of the earliest mining sites in the area. These sites attracted many investors to Walkerville in the late 1800s. There were many different types of materials mined depending on the location of a given site. Copper and silver were two of the most commonly mined materials. In 1893, silver prices dropped, but the town's economy continued to thrive due to its copper production. Walkerville's economic success continued until 1918 when the end of World War I caused copper prices to drop as well. In 2015, nearly all of the town's many mines are abandoned. Some of these sites have become very dangerous and plans are being made to restore or remove them.

4708491834024096081

Q13378278

Holistic nursing Overview Holistic nursing is a nursing speciality concerned with the integration of a person's mind, body, and spirit with their environment. This speciality has a theoretical basis in a few grand nursing theories, most notably the science of unitary human beings, as published by Martha E. Rogers in An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing, and the mid-range theory Empowered Holistic Nursing Education, as published by Dr. Katie Love. Holistic nursing has gained recognition by the American Nurses Association (ANA) as a nursing specialty with a defined scope of practice and standards. Holistic nursing focuses on the mind, body, and spirit working together as a whole, and how spiritual awareness in nursing can help heal illness. Holistic medicine focuses on maintaining optimum well-being and preventing - rather than just treating - disease. The Holistic Philosophy: Theory and Ethics Holistic nursing is based on the fundamental theories of nursing, such as the works of Florence Nightingale and Jean Watson, as well as alternative theories of world connectedness, wholeness, and healing. Holistic nurses respect the patient as the decision-maker throughout the continuum of care. The holistic nurse and patient relationship is based on a partnership in which the holistic nurse engages the patient in treatment options and healthcare choices. The holistic nurse seeks to establish a professional ethical relationship with the patient in order to preserve the patient's sense of dignity, whole, and inner worth. Holistic Caring Process Holistic nursing combines standard nursing interventions with various modalities that are focused on treating the patient in totality. Alternative therapies can include stress management, aroma therapy, and therapeutic touch. The combination of interventions allows the patient to heal in mind, body, and spirit by focusing on the patient's emotions, spirituality, and cultural identity as much as the illness. The six steps of the holistic caring process occur simultaneously, including assessment, diagnosis, outcomes, therapeutic plan of care, implementation, and evaluation. The holistic assessment of the patient can include spiritual, transpersonal, and energy-field assessments in combination with the standard assessments, such as physical and emotional assessments. The therapeutic plan of care in holistic nursing includes a highly individualized and unique plan for each patient. Holistic nurses recognize that the plan of care will change based on the individual patient, and therefore, embrace healing as a process that is always changing and adapting to the individual's personal healing journey. Therapies utilized by holistic nurses include stress management techniques and alternative or complementary practices such as reiki and guided imagery. These therapy modalities are focused on empowering individual to reduce stress levels and elicit a relaxation response in order to promote healing and well-being. Holistic Communication Holistic nurses use intentional listening techniques and an unconditional positive regard to communication with patients. The goal of using these communication techniques is to create an authentic, compassionate, and therapeutic relationships with each patient. Building a Therapeutic Environment Holistic nursing focuses on creating not only a therapeutic relationship with patients, but also a therapeutic environment for patients. Several of the therapies included in a holistic nursing approach rely on a therapeutic environment to be successful and effective. A therapeutic environment empowers patients to connect with the holistic nurse and with themselves introspectively. Cultural Diversity Part of any type of nursing includes understanding the patient's comprehension level, ability to cope, social supports, and background or base knowledge. The nurse must use this information to effectively communicate with the patient and the patient's family, build a trusting relationship, and comprehensively educate the patient. In holistic nursing, this component is especially important in the ability of the holistic nurse to build a therapeutic relationship with the patient. Holistic nurses ask themselves how they can culturally care for the patient through holistic assessment because holistic nurses engage in ethical practices and the treatment of all aspects of the individual. Holistic Education and Research Holistic registered nurses are responsible for learning the scope of practice established in Holistic Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice(2007)and for incorporating every core value into daily practice. It is the holistic nurse's responsibility to become familiar with both conventional practices as well as alternative therapies and modalities. Through continuing education and research, the holistic nurse will remain updated on all treatment options for patients. Areas of research completed by holistic nurses includes: measurements of outcomes of holistic therapies, measurements of caring behaviors and spirituality, patient responsiveness to holistic care, and theory development in areas such as intentionality, empowerment, and several other topics. Holistic Nurse Self-Care Through the holistic nurse's integration of self-care, self-awareness, and self-healing practices, the holistic nurse is living the values that are taught to patients in practice. Holistic "nurses cannot facilitate healing unless they are in the process of healing themselves." Certification National certification for holistic nursing is regulated by the American Holistic Nurses Certification Corporation (AHNCC). There are two levels of certification: one for nurses holding a bachelor's degree and one for nurses holding a master's degree. Accreditation through the AHNCC is approved by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). United States American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA): Mission Statement"The Mission of the American Holistic Nurses Association is to illuminate holism in nursing practice, community, advocacy, research and education." Canada Canadian Holistic Nurses Association (CHNA): Mission Statement"To support the practice of holistic nursing across Canada by: acting as a body of knowledge for its practitioners, by advocating with policy makers and provincial regulatory bodies and by educating Canadians on the benefits of complementary and integrative health care." Australia Australian Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA) "The Mission of the Australian Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA) is to illuminate holism in nursing practice, research, and education; act as a body of knowledge for its practitioners; advocate with policymakers and regulatory bodies; and educate Australians on the benefits of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and integrative health care."

6330320130537728642

Q7481

Mary L. Good Louisiana State University System Dr. Good spent 25 years in teaching and research at Louisiana State University and the University of New Orleans, which was at the time part of the Louisiana State University System. Good went to Baton Rouge as director of the radiochemistry laboratory and as an instructor and assistant professor of chemistry (1954-1958). At Baton Rouge she worked on iodine and sulfur chemistry with Sean McGlynn.In 1958 Good and her husband moved to New Orleans when both were offered positions at a new campus that was being established. The Louisiana State University New Orleans (LSUNO) was the first university in the southern states to open as a fully integrated institution. Expanding on her work in radiochemistry, Good became interested in using spectroscopy to study inorganic chemistry compounds, taking measurements and relating experimental results to theoretical predictions. She was able to study molecular bonding in both solutions and solid states. She also was able to extract rhodium complexes, using organic solvents, and demonstrate that they were bimetallic.Good moved up the academic ranks to become the Boyd Professor of Chemistry at New Orleans (1974-1978), the first woman to achieve the university's most distinguished rank. From 1978-1980, she returned to Baton Rouge to develop a new program as the Boyd Professor of Materials Science, Division of Engineering Research.Good was one of the first people to use Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques for basic chemical research. Mössbauer spectroscopy enables researchers to study the interactions of gamma rays with matter, observing very small differences in the energy of electrons within atoms. This data can be used to identify the molecular structure of complicated compounds containing metal ions.Dr. Good contributed to the understanding of catalysts such as ruthenium which activate or speed up chemical reactions. At that time, no one had attempted to observe Mössbauer effects in ruthenium, in part because it had to be examined at extremely low temperatures, cooled by liquid helium. Good was able to study ruthenium, which exists in a variety of oxidation states, and derive detailed chemical and structural information.She also has done work in materials science on the physical and biological investigations of marine antifouling coatings, used to remove barnacles from ships. Her publications include more than 100 articles in refereed journals and several books. American Chemical Society Good was the first woman to be elected to the board of the American Chemical Society in 1972. She was elected ACS Board Chairman in 1978 and 1980, and became ACS President elect as of 1986, serving as president in 1987. Industrial career In 1980, Mary Lowe Good was approached to become head of the Engineered Materials Research division at Signal Research Center, Inc. (previously Universal Oil Products, later Allied-Signal Inc.), with a staff of 400 scientists and technicians and annual sales of approximately $3 billion. In 1981 Mary Good was chosen as Vice-President and Director of Research. She headed the Research Center during a period of significant changes (ownership, mergers, acquisitions and divestitures), maintaining a focus on new technology development and its licensing and commercialization. She became President and director of research for Signal Research Center in 1985, and President of Allied-Signal Engineered Materials Research in 1986 and then the Senior Vice-President of Technology, coordinating the activities of three research centers. Government service Mary Lowe Good has held government positions under the administrations of four presidents: Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton.In 1980 she was appointed to the National Science Board of the National Science Foundation by Jimmy Carter. In 1986 she was appointed to it again by Ronald Reagan. From 1988 to 1991, she was the first woman to chair the board. In 1991 President Bush appointed her to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). All three positions were part-time commitments, held during the period in which she worked at Allied-Signal Inc.In 1993 Dr. Good left Allied Signal to take a four-year full-time position as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology in the Technology Administration, under the Clinton Administration. During this time Good lead the Clean Car Initiative to develop a hybrid gas-electric car. She encouraged the government to fund basic research and emerging technologies. Dr Good was appointed Acting United States Secretary of Commerce on April 3, 1996, following the death of Ronald H. Brown, until Mickey Kantor was appointed 9 days later by Bill Clinton. University of Arkansas at Little Rock In 1997 Dr. Good became the Donaghey University Professor at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. She also became the founding Dean of the George W. Donaghey College of Engineering and Information Technology (EIT). She retired July 1, 2011, becoming Dean Emeritus of the College of Engineering and Information Technology at the University of Arkansas-Little Rock and Special Advisor to the Chancellor for Economic Development. Other activities In 1976 Mary Lowe Good was initiated into the Beta Phi chapter of Alpha Chi Sigma at the South Dakota School of Mines.She has been member for Fund for Arkansas, LLC and Stage 1 Diagnostics, and has served on the boards of Delta Trust & Bank and St. Vincent Infirmary, Biogen Idec, IDEXX Laboratories, Cincinnati Milacron, Ameritech, Acxiom Corporation.From 1988 to 1993 Mary L. Good was president of Zonta International Foundation, an organization supporting the involvement of women in business and science, and the improvement internationally of their legal, political, economic, educational and health status.Dr. Good was the founding Chairman of ASTRA, the Alliance for Science & Technology Research in America, beginning in 2000. She is a strong proponent of STEM education and a supporter of women in technology, and is recognized as a national leader in this area.The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) elected Dr. Good to serve as the president in 2001.

5357311791324680092

Q627942

Gloria (1980 film) Plot In the South Bronx, Jeri Dawn is heading home with groceries. Inside the lobby of her apartment building, she passes a man whose dress and appearance are out of place. The woman quickly boards the elevator.She is met in her apartment by her husband Jack Dawn, an accountant for a New York City mob family. There is a contract on Jack and his family, as he has been acting as an informant for the FBI. Suddenly, the family's neighbor, Gloria Swenson, rings their doorbell, asking to borrow some coffee. Jeri tells Gloria of the impending hit and implores Gloria to protect the children. Gloria, a former mobster's girlfriend, tells Jeri that she doesn't like kids but begrudgingly agrees. The Dawns' daughter Joan refuses to leave and locks herself in the bathroom, so Gloria takes only their young son Phil to her apartment – narrowly missing the hit squad.After hearing loud shotgun blasts from the Dawns' apartment, a visibly shaken Gloria decides that she and Phil must go into hiding. She quickly packs a bag, grabs her cat, and leaves the building with Phil, just as a police SWAT team are entering with heavy weapons. Meanwhile, a crowd of onlookers and news reporters has gathered in front of the building, and a cameraman captures a picture of Gloria leaving the building with Phil.Gloria and Phil take a cab into Manhattan, where they hide out in an empty apartment belonging to a friend of hers. While Phil sleeps, Gloria has the TV on and hears a news report say that there was a mob hit in the South Bronx, and that the name of the suspected abductor is Gloria Swenson.The next morning, Gloria and Phil sneak out of the apartment just as a group of gangsters close in on them. The gangsters are old friends of Gloria's, and confront her on the sidewalk outside, exhorting her to give up Phil and the ledger. In desperation, Gloria empties her revolver at the car of five gangsters, which takes off and flips over. Gloria realizes both her fate and Phil's are now intertwined, and that they will have to leave New York to survive.Gloria goes to the bank to empty her safe deposit box, and the two settle for the night at a flophouse. She confronts another group of gangsters at a restaurant; she asks for immunity in exchange for the ledger. "Only Mr. Tanzinni can agree to that," says one of the goons, so she takes some of their guns and flees.The next day, Gloria tells Phil that she plans to send him away to a boarding school. Offended by her intentions, Phil claims he is an independent grown man who can manage alone. Gloria decides to abandon him, and have a drink. She is soon filled with guilt and rushes back to look for him; however, he has been captured by some wise-guys. Gloria rescues him, killing one thug in the process, and fleeing from two other thugs via a taxi and the subway, where several by-standers help her escape from the two mobsters.The two eventually make it to a hotel room, where Gloria laments the mob's strength and ubiquitous presence, explaining to Phil that she was once the mistress of Tanzinni himself. She meets with Tanzinni, relinquishes the ledger, and then flees, killing one gangster as another shoots down upon her elevator car. Phil waits several hours, then flees to Pittsburgh via rail. At a cemetery, Phil and Gloria, disguised as an old woman, reunite. Production John Cassavetes did not originally intend to direct his screenplay; he planned merely to sell the story to Columbia Pictures. However, once his wife, Gena Rowlands, was asked to play the title character in the film, she asked Cassavetes to direct it. Awards and honors Rowlands was nominated for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe Award for best actress, and the film won the Golden Lion award at the Venice Film Festival, tying with Atlantic City. The Boston Society of Film Critics selected Rowlands for their best actress award. The young boy Gloria was protecting, played by John Adames, tied with Sir Laurence Olivier (in The Jazz Singer) for the Worst Supporting Actor Razzie award of 1980.In 2003, the American Film Institute nominated Gloria Swenson as a hero from this film for AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains. Remakes and influences The film was remade in 1999 under the same title with a screenplay by Steve Antin. The remake was directed by Sidney Lumet. It starred Sharon Stone and Jean-Luke Figueroa.Other films inspired by Gloria include Ultraviolet (2006), which uses the premise of a woman on the run with a little boy and transposes the story to a Dystopian futuristic setting, and Erick Zonca's 2008 film Julia, starring Tilda Swinton. Luc Besson's film Léon also was inspired by Gloria, with actor Jean Reno playing the accidental guardian of a young girl (Natalie Portman) whose family was murdered by a corrupt DEA agent (Gary Oldman). A 2009 Brazilian film titled Verônica has a similar plot, changing the main character from a gangster's girlfriend to a teacher, who tries to save a student from criminals who killed his parents and are now chasing after him.

16545955807510289263

Q545941

King's Highway (ancient) Route The Highway began in Heliopolis, Egypt and from there went eastward to Clysma (modern Suez), through the Mitla Pass and the Egyptian forts of Nekhl and Themed in the Sinai desert to Eilat and Aqaba. From there the Highway turned northward through the Arabah, past Petra and Ma'an to Udhruh, Sela, and Shaubak. It passed through Kerak and the land of Moab to Madaba, Rabbah Ammon/Philadelphia (modern Amman), Gerasa, Bosra, Damascus, and Tadmor, ending at Resafa on the upper Euphrates. Iron Age Numerous ancient states, including Edom, Moab, Ammon, and various Aramaean polities depended largely on the King's Highway for trade. Classical Antiquity The Nabataeans used this road as a trade route for luxury goods such as frankincense and spices from southern Arabia. It was possibly the cause of their war with Hasmonean Alexander Jannaeus and with Iturea in the beginning of the 1st century BC.During the Roman period the road was called Via Regia. Emperor Trajan rebuilt and renamed it Via Traiana Nova, under which name it served as a military and trade road along the fortified Limes Arabicus. Byzantine Period The Highway has also been used as an important pilgrimage route for Christians, as it passed next to Mount Nebo, Moses' death and burial site according to the Bible. Another road connected it with Jerusalem via al-Maghtas, the "Baptism Site" on the Jordan River (where Jesus is believed to have been baptized by John the Baptist), Livias and Jericho. After the Muslim conquest After the Muslim conquests, the road was used it as the main Hajj route from Syria to Mecca, until the Ottoman Turks built the Tariq al-Bint in the 16th century.A difficult time was during the Crusader period, when the road passed through the province of Oultrejordain of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. During periods of truce the Hajj caravans were usually left unharmed by the Crusader lords of Oultrejourdain, with the memorable exception of Raynald of Châtillon, who attacked and plundered the pilgrims twice. His deeds would eventually lead not only to his own death at the hands of Saladin, but altogether to the fall of the Crusader kingdom in 1187. In the Bible The King's Highway or Derech HaMelech is referred to in the Book of Numbers, (Numbers 20:17, 21:22), where it is related that the Israelites, in their Exodus journey needed to use the road. They had left from Kadesh, and requested right of way across from the King of Edom but were refused passage. He vowed he would attack them if they used the road. They even offered to pay for any water their cattle drank. Still the King of Edom refused them passage and advanced against them with a large and heavily armed force. After making a detour and coming to the Transjordan area between River Arnon and River Jabbok., they directed the same request to Sihon the Amorite King, and for the second time on the same road they were denied passage and King Sihon engaged them in battle at Jahaz. And they won that battle by the edge of the sword, a close call. As a result, they gained control in that land and to the north of it. The tribes of Manasseh (eastern half), Gad, and Reuben subsequently settled those territories.Many of the wars of the Israelites against the kingdoms of the trans-Jordanian highlands during the period of the Kingdom of Israel (and its sister-kingdom, the Kingdom of Judah) were probably fought, at least in part, over control of the Highway.

12245455688022462909

Q263884

Camille Chautemps Early career Born into a family of prominent Radical politicians, Camille Chautemps was a lawyer by training and a noted amateur rugby-player in his youth, playing for Tours Rugby and Stade Francais. He was inducted into the Grand Orient of France (1906; master 1908), quitting the Freemasons in 1938 for political reasons.He entered local politics in the fiefdom of his parliamentarian uncle, Alphonse Chautemps, and followed a political career path typical of many Radical-Socialists: first elected town councillor for Tours (1912), then mayor (1919-25), parliamentary deputy (1919-34) and senator (1934-40). Chautemps was considered one of the chief figures of the 'right' (anti-socialist and pro-liberal) wing of the centre-left Radical-Socialist Party. Between 1924 and 1926, he served in the centre-left coalition governments of Édouard Herriot, Paul Painlevé and Aristide Briand. Prime Minister twice Renowned as a skilful negotiator with friends from across the party divide, he was called upon on several occasions to attempt to build support for a coalition of the centre-left. He first became President of the Council for a short-lived government in 1930. After the electoral victory of the left in 1934, he served as Interior Minister and became head of government once more in November 1933. The revelations of the Stavisky corruption scandal tarnished two of his ministers, sparking violent protests by the extreme-right: he resigned his posts on 27 January 1934, when the anti-government press attributed Stavisky's suicide to a government cover-up. Deputy Prime Minister and Premier for the last time In Léon Blum's Popular Front government of 1936, Chautemps represented the Radical-Socialist Party as a Minister of State; he succeeded Blum at the head of the government from June 1937 to March 1938. The franc was devalued, but government finances remained in difficulty. Pursuing the program of the Popular Front, he proceeded in the nationalisation of the railroads to create the SNCF. However, in January 1938, he formed a new government consisting solely of ministers from the non-socialist republican centre- left. In February, he granted married women financial and legal independence (until then, wives had been dependent on their husbands to take action involving family finances) and allowed them to go to university and open bank accounts. His government also repealed Article 213 of the code: "the husband owes protection to his wife, the wife obedience to the husband" However, the husband remained "head of the household" with "the right to choose the household’s place of residence". His government fell on 10 March. Run-up to World War II Chautemps subsequently served from April 1938 to May 1940 as Deputy Premier in the governments of Édouard Daladier and Paul Reynaud, and, after the latter's resignation, as Deputy Premier again, now to Marshal Philippe Pétain. World War II France having declared war on Germany in September 1939, in May 1940, the German Army invaded and swept aside all opposition. With the fall of Dunkirk on 5 June and the defeat of the French army imminent, Chautemps, dining with Paul Baudouin on the 8th, declared that the war must be ended and that Pétain saw his position most clearly. On the 11th, during a Cabinet meeting, Chautemps suggested that Churchill be invited back to France to discuss the hopeless situation; he attended a conference at Tours on 13 June. The Cabinet met again on the 15th, almost evenly split on the question of an armistice with Germany. Chautemps now suggested that to break the deadlock, that they should get a neutral authority to enquire what the German terms would be. If honourable, they could agree to study them. If not, they could all agree to fight on. The Chautemps proposal passed by 13 to 6.On 16 June Charles de Gaulle, now in London, telephoned Reynaud to give him the British Government's offer of joint nationality for French and British in a Franco-British union. A delighted Reynaud put it to a stormy cabinet meeting and was supported by five of his ministers. Most of the others were persuaded against him by the arguments of Pétain, Chautemps and Ybarnégaray, the latter two seeing the offer as a device to make France subservient to Britain as an extra dominion. Georges Mandel (who had a Jewish background) was flinging accusations of cowardice around the room, and Chautemps and others replied in kind. It was now clear that Reynaud would not accept the Chautemps proposal, and Reynaud resigned. Defection Chautemps broke with Pétain's government after arriving in the United States on an official mission and lived there for much of the rest of his life. After World War II, a French court convicted him in absentia for collaborating with the enemy; he was amnestied in 1954.

10391056765386162025

Q5181162

Craig Lodge Community Craig Lodge Community is a lay community of the Roman Catholic Church based in Dalmally, Argyll in the west Highlands of Scotland. History Craig Lodge, a former hunting lodge in Dalmally, Argyll, Scotland, was run by Calum and Mary Anne MacFarlane-Barrow as a guest house until a pilgrimage to Medjugorje in 1984 gave their lives a new direction. It was their children who first read about the events at Medjugorje, and the reports that the Virgin Mary was appearing to six teenagers. They had grown up in a Catholic family and were well versed in the stories of Marian apparitions at Lourdes and Fatima. They were intrigued with the idea something like this could happen in their own time and were determined to go and visit and find out more. The visit to Medjugorje, a small village in Bosnia-Herzegovina, was a life changing experience. The region was then still part of Communist Yugoslavia and to practice the Catholic faith often met with persecution. Seeing the deep faith of the local people and hearing about the extraordinary events firsthand left a lasting impression on the group. They also learnt about the messages the Virgin Mary, under the title, Queen of Peace, was giving through the visionaries. As in Lourdes and Fatima her message at Medjugorje continues to be a call to return to the gospel values; to decide for God, to pray and to fast. When they returned home they urged their parents to go and visit Medjugorje too. Their experiences in Medjugorje paved the way for Calum and Mary Anne taking the decision to turn their guest house into a retreat centre – Craig Lodge Family House of Prayer. Guests come to join in with organized retreats or just to enjoy the beautiful, peaceful surroundings and take part in the Community’s daily prayer routine. In 1990 Calum and Mary Anne invited a group of young people to form a youth community (named Krizevac Community) at Craig Lodge. The commitment was for one year and the purpose was to deepen their faith through living out the messages of Medjugorje. “Dear Children my heart is full of grace and love. My heart is the gift I give you. Be united! Pray together! Love together!” The Community today The Community soon began to get involved in evangelizing other young people through youth weekend retreats at Craig Lodge, visiting parishes and initiating prayer groups.Ten years later in 2000, it was decided the Community should incorporate Permanent members too – families, single people or religious who choose to renew their commitment annually. This is Craig Lodge Community as it is today. While members of the House Community live in Craig Lodge itself and commit to one year, Permanent members live independently, in their own homes, close by to Craig Lodge. Their daily commitment is different to that of the House Community to take into account family and work responsibilities. The purpose of the Community The purpose of the Community is to foster holiness in the members by living out the messages of the Virgin Mary at Medjugorje. Living in community has always been recognized as a way of progressing in the spiritual life. It is a way of finding companions on the journey of faith, of supporting each other and helps to open hearts to Jesus and to others. The understanding is that people are the pathway to the growth of virtue in each of us."Pray, pray, pray."Daily LifePrayer is integral to the daily life of the Community: Divine Office, the Rosary, Praise and Worship, Lectio Divina, Intercessory prayer particularly for priests. If prayer is the breath of the Community then the Eucharist is the heart. Daily life centres on the Holy Mass and Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. “Today I invite you all to fall in love with the Most Holy Sacrament of the Altar. Adore him, little children, in your parishes. In this way you will be united with the entire world. Jesus will become your friend and you will not talk of Him as someone you hardly know. Union with him will be a joy for you and you will become witnesses to Jesus’ love which he has for every creature. Little children when you adore Jesus you are also close to me.”The overarching rule of the Community is to love:“Love each other deeply, because love covers a multitude of sins, offer hospitality to one another without grumbling. Each one should use whatever gifts he has received to serve others, faithfully administering God’s grace in its various forms." 1 Peter 4: 8-11Service The Community’s life has a strong calling to service. First and foremost by offering hospitality to the guests who come on retreat at Craig Lodge; by praying with them and making them feel at home. The Community is committed to youth work running several youth events each year at Craig Lodge – Easter, Summer & Advent. There is also an outreach team that carries out missions in secondary schools. The Community has a popular music ministry that leads the lively weekly praise and worship prayer group and is a hallmark of the Craig Lodge youth events. The Community is also eager to support family life and makes special efforts to make families welcome at Craig Lodge. Over the last years it has developed Family Week retreats that are geared to the needs of young families and include talks for parents alongside activities for the children. The patron saints of Craig Lodge Community are: Our Lady Queen of Peace, St Joseph and St Therese of Lisieux. Craig Lodge Family House of Prayer RetreatsAs a Roman Catholic retreat centre, Craig Lodge has a wide variety of retreats throughout the year. They cover topics such as: healing, Scripture, Theology of the Body, Pope John Paul II, Ignatius Spiritual Exercises and fasting.Way of the CrossVisitors to Craig Lodge can make A Way of the Cross, marked out with cairns of stone for each Station, on the hill behind Craig Lodge. Mary's Meals The international aid charity Mary's Meals has its headquarters in the grounds of Craig Lodge. Magnus MacFarlane-Barrow OBE (Order of the British Empire), the founder and chief executive of Mary's Meals, is based at Craig Lodge.

4067590810301547314

Q28360776

Ernst Gottlieb Glück Biography He was born in Marienburg, now Aluksne in Latvia. His father, Johann Ernst Glück (1652—1705), was a German Lutheran theologian, pastor, teacher and also known for translating the Bible into the Latvian and Russian languages; his mother, Christian Emerentia von Reutern (?—1740), belonged to the Livonian nobility. As a child, he received his education at home. From 1716, he lived in Prussia and studied law at the University of Königsberg.In 1725 by the order of Empress Catherine I he was employed as an assessor in the Justice Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs (it was renamed several times during his work): from 23 November 1739 — The Livonian and Estonian Affairs Collegium; from 8 February 1742 — The Justice Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs; from 15 December 1763 — The Justice Collegium of the Livonian, Estonian and Finnish Affairs.The Justice Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs was in charge of all judicial institutions of the provinces attached in The Great Northern War of 1700—1721 but the highest court of appeal was the Senate (since 1762 the institutions of Vyborgskaya province belonged to the Justice Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs). The Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs did not have a founding document that is why its range of duties was not exactly defined. The Justice Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs was in charge of administrative affairs (the appointment of officials, the correspondence with imperial institutions): the court (processing of complaints on the wrong actions of the local administration and appeals against class courts` decisions and sentences); taxes (in 1739—1742); church problems of the Baltic population and Vyborgskaya province population, the Protestant Church in the Russian Empire (marriage, divorce, pastors` appointment and dismissal, disputes between the parishioners and the clergy, the maintenance of church service, establishing holidays). The peculiarity of the Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs was its activity guided by the local (mostly Swedish) legislation of the 15th — the beginning of 18th centuries and the church (canon) law but not the Russian (Imperial) legal system. The official language of the Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs was German. Ernst Gottlieb Glück as many officials of this Collegium, belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran Church.In 1740, Ernst Gottlieb Glück was appointed the first councillor to the Justice Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs. In September 1741 he submitted an application to grant him and his descendants a diploma to the nobility and a coat of arms. He was given the coat of arms: “A gold winged ball; there was the Happiness or the Fortune on it”. The coat of arms and the diploma to the nobility had not been approved by Empress Elizabeth for the unknown reason that time.Since 1754 some Russian researchers have called Ernst Gottlieb Glück the Vice-president of the Justice Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs. Baltisches Biographisches Lexikon doubts this fact. D. Raskin also called Emme F. the Vice-president of the Justice Collegium of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs in 1741—1764 and Klingstedt T. in 1764—1771 but did not mention Ernst Gottlieb Glück. At first the authoritative genealogical reference by Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky "The Russian genealogy book" called him the Vice-president of the Justice Collegium in its text, but it was another collegial authority, then the Vice-president of the Livonian and Estonian Affairs Justice Collegium and the actual state councilor in the changes and additions to the Volume 1.In 1781, the Senate passed a resolution about Ernst Gottlieb Glück`s diploma to the nobility and his coat of arms: "15 March 1745 it is ordered to offer a diploma made by Glück for the signing of Her Majesty, when she will be in the Senate. And as the diploma is not used at present time, give it to the Archive”. By that time, Glück had been already dead for fourteen years. Private life Ernst Gottlieb Glück was married twice. His first wife`s name is unknown. Then he married Charlotte Julia von Taube von ter Issen (18 April 1742). The children from the second marriage were Carl Friedrich (born 16 February 1754 and probably died that date), Eleanor (1764 — 27 May 1816, married to Christian Leopold von Vildeman, who was a great-nephew of Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von Münnich (she was the third wife).

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