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stringlengths 26
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sequence | hard_negatives
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stringlengths 26
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1398 | p16INK4A degradation is encoded by CDKN2A. | Aged patients are more susceptible to ischaemia/reperfusion injury. | [
"Aged patients are more susceptible to ischaemia/reperfusion injury.",
"A diminished ovarian reserve is a very strong indicator of infertility, even in an a priori non-infertile population.",
"Omnivores produce more trimethylamine N-oxide from dietary I-carnitine than vegans.",
"Induced hepatic stem cells possess the potential to differentiate into hepatocytic cells.",
"Pure neural progenitor cell (NPC) populations can only be obtained from cell cultures that undergo passaging, filtration, or other isolation and cell sorting methods.",
"The peak incidence of fractures occurs in toddlers.",
"There is no association between HNF4A mutations and diabetes risks.",
"Broadly HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies (bnAb) 10EB have no affinity for phospholipids.",
"B cells go though plasmablast differentiation and antibody production by continuous expression of EBI2.",
"Self-advocacy training is effective at decreasing homelessness."
] | [
"p16INK4A degradation is encoded by CDKN2A.",
"p16INK4A degradation is linked to an abnormal wound response caused by the microinvasive step of advanced Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (OPMLs).",
"CDK6 shows impaired binding to loss-of-function variants of p18 INK4C.",
"Reduced phosphorylation of PP2A increases HDAC4 dephosphorylation by enhancing PP2A-HDAC4 interaction.",
"CDK6 shows improved binding to loss-of-function variants of p18 INK4C.",
"Activation of PPM1D enhances p53 function.",
"Reduced phosphorylation of PP2A suppresses HDAC4 dephosphorylation.",
"NR5A2 is important in reverse cholesterol transport in humans.",
"MUC1-C activates the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway by interacting with IκB kinase ß.",
"Gpr124 suppresses BBB breakdown in mouse models of ischemic stroke."
] | p16INK4A degradation is encoded by CDKN2A. |
1400 | p75 NTR - associated cell death executor (NADE) interacts with the p75 NTR death domain | Nigerian physicians constitue the largest component of sub-Saharan Africa-trained physicians in the United States. | [
"Nigerian physicians constitue the largest component of sub-Saharan Africa-trained physicians in the United States.",
"Cancer cells can stimulate the accumulation of intra-tumoural myeloid-derived suppressor cells by promoting granulocyte colony stimulating factor production.",
"GATA3 regulates self-renewal capacity in bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells.",
"ART has no effect on the infectiveness of HIV-positive people.",
"Therapeutics receiving accelerated approval encounter a lower frequency of post-marketing safety events",
"Reduced levels of lipolysis leads to higher P38 phosphorylation in adipose tissue.",
"Intake of folic acid (FA) and vitamin B6 (VB6) reduces levels of homocysteine.",
"Venules have less significant tunica adventitia than arterioles.",
"Myelin sheaths are lipid-rich cellular structures.",
"In breast cancer, the loss of myoepithelial cells promotes the transition of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma."
] | [
"p75 NTR - associated cell death executor (NADE) interacts with the p75 NTR death domain",
"Ribosome-inactivating protein-2 (RIP-2) interacts with the p75 NTR death domain",
"Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (Rho-GDI) interacts with the p75 NTR death domain",
"Formation of N-terminal pyroglutamate by glutamine cyclase (GC) competes with NTAQ1 for Nt-Gln substrates.",
"Binding of p53 to enhancer regions (p53BERs) regulates the activity of p53 transcription and cell cycle arrest through the production of p53-dependent eRNAs.",
"ITAM phosphorylation allows for the transfer of the T cell receptor (TCR) signal from the echo-domain to the cytoplasmic tail of the T cell receptor (TCR).",
"Replacement of histone H2A with H2A.Z accelerates gene activation in yeasts by destabilizing +1 nucleosomes.",
"Blocking the interaction between TDP-43 and respiratory complex I proteins ND3 and ND6 prevents TDP-43-induced neuronal loss.",
"MUC1-C activates the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway by interacting with IκB kinase ß.",
"5'-nucleotidase metabolizes 6MP."
] | p75 NTR - associated cell death executor (NADE) interacts with the p75 NTR death domain |
1401 | qSOFA scores are associated with length of stay in emergency department patients. | At least 85% of patients exposed to radiation have activated markers of myofibroblasts. | [
"At least 85% of patients exposed to radiation have activated markers of myofibroblasts.",
"Asymptomatic visual impairment screening in elderly populations leads to improved vision.",
"MT binding domain drives amyloid structure formation.",
"IL-6 signaling plays a major role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.",
"Whole brain radiotherapy increases the occurrence of new brain metastases.",
"cSMAC formation represses weak ligand signalling.",
"The NF-κB essential modulator gene prevents intestinal inflammation by inhibiting receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase 1 kinase activity-mediated epithelial cell death.",
"Lmna knock-in models are appropriate for testing therapeutic approaches against Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS).",
"Bacterial meningitis can be diagnosed on the basis of positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures.",
"GATA3 regulates self-renewal capacity in bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells."
] | [
"qSOFA scores are associated with length of stay in emergency department patients.",
"Cost effectiveness evaluations based on cRCT data accurately reflect prices for patients in actual clinical practice.",
"TNFAIP3 is a glioblastoma tumor enhancer.",
"Including pharmacists in rounding teams does not alter the incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs).",
"TNFAIP3 is a glioblastoma tumor suppressor.",
"TNFAIP3 is a tumor enhancer in glioblastoma.",
"Increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm.",
"Decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm.",
"Including pharmacists in rounding teams reduces the incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs).",
"Cost effectiveness evaluations based on cRCT data lack external validity."
] | qSOFA scores are associated with length of stay in emergency department patients. |
1402 | r-protein chaperones are found in complexes with their r-protein binding partners. | Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against atherosclerosis by modulating adiponectin and SREBP2 levels. | [
"Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against atherosclerosis by modulating adiponectin and SREBP2 levels.",
"Cancers that initially benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor targeted therapies later become refractory through several mechanisms.",
"Increased LDL receptors plays a role in the reduction of plasma Lp(a).",
"Integrated care is successful at tackling multiple comorbidities.",
"Patients in stable partnerships progress from HIV to death at the same rate as patients not in partnerships.",
"Physical activity does not improve cognitive function in individuals with Alzheimers.",
"The appearance of brown-like or beige cells primarily occurs in visceral fat, not subcutaneous fat.",
"Bacterial meningitis can be diagnosed on the basis of positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures.",
"AZT given with ribavirin increases anemia.",
"Progerin induces premature aging in stem cells."
] | [
"r-protein chaperones are found in complexes with their r-protein binding partners.",
"Ribosomopathies have a high degree of cell and tissue specific pathology.",
"Sequence conservation in gene regulatory regions between species is a high-accuracy predictor of conserved functionality.",
"Sequence conservation in gene regulatory regions between species is a poor predictor of conserved functionality.",
"Intramembrane cleavage by signal peptide peptidase aids in the degradation of proteins with a complex membrane orientation.",
"Many transmembrane receptors transmit signals by long-range conformational changes in the association of alpha-helices across the plasma membrane.",
"miRNAs regulate a unique suite of mRNAs to maintain homeostasis in cells.",
"Pre-mRNAs associated with spliceosomal components are more stable than unassociated splicing substrates.",
"Pre-mRNAs associated with spliceosomal components are less stable than unassociated splicing substrates.",
"mcm 5 s 2 U is required for proper decoding of NNR codons in eukaryotes."
] | r-protein chaperones are found in complexes with their r-protein binding partners. |
1403 | siRNA knockdown of A20 accelerates tumor progression in an in vivo murine xenograft model. | Natriuretic peptides increase susceptibility to diabetes. | [
"Natriuretic peptides increase susceptibility to diabetes.",
"Autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells has better graft function than induction therapy with anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibodies.",
"Omnivores produce less trimethylamine N-oxide from dietary I-carnitine than vegans.",
"β1/Ketel is able to bind microtubules.",
"Antidepressants increase the severity of migraines.",
"Insulin effects appetite via ventral tegmental neurons.",
"Gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori decreases risk of gastric cancer in humans.",
"MICAL redox enzymes regulate actin dynamics in many cell types.",
"During non-homologous end joining, the ligation step is not as tolerant of disrepairs and other distortions when joining 5' of strand breaks as compared to 3' strand breaks.",
"B cells go though plasmablast differentiation and antibody production by continuous expression of EBI2."
] | [
"siRNA knockdown of A20 accelerates tumor progression in an in vivo murine xenograft model.",
"siRNA knockdown of A20 slows tumor progression in an in vivo murine xenograft model.",
"Up-regulation of the p53 pathway and related molecular events speeds cancer progression.",
"TNFAIP3 is a glioblastoma tumor suppressor.",
"Low expression of miR7a does not repress target genes or exert a biological function in ovaries.",
"TNFAIP3 is a tumor enhancer in glioblastoma.",
"TNFAIP3 is a glioblastoma tumor enhancer.",
"Increased mobility of retrotransposons is assosciated with mutation and higher tumorigenesis rates.",
"Increased mobility of retrotransposons does not lead to mutation and higher tumorigenesis rates.",
"Increase of p62 in prostate tumor stroma results in defective autophagy."
] | siRNA knockdown of A20 accelerates tumor progression in an in vivo murine xenograft model. |
1404 | siRNA knockdown of A20 slows tumor progression in an in vivo murine xenograft model. | Low expression of miR7a does not repress target genes or exert a biological function in ovaries. | [
"Low expression of miR7a does not repress target genes or exert a biological function in ovaries.",
"Upon viral challenge, influenza-specific memory CD4+ T cells greatly enhance the early production of inflammatory chemokines in the lung.",
"In chronic viral infections or tumors, peptides that selectively inhibit PTPRS can be utilized to boost insufficient activity of pDCs.",
"Roughly 55% of women with chronic pelvic pain have no underlying pathology.",
"De novo assembly of sequence data has shorter contigs than unassembled sequence data.",
"Depletion of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection increases dissemination of Salmonella Typhimurium from the gut.",
"The generation of reactive oxygen species by activated oncogenes contributes to the increased genomic instability of leukaemia cells.",
"Carriers of HNF4A mutations are at reduced risk for diabetes.",
"Pseudogene PTENP1 encodes a transcript that regulates PTEN expression.",
"L3MBTL2 binds to H2AK119Ub marked chromatin to form a PRC1 complex."
] | [
"siRNA knockdown of A20 slows tumor progression in an in vivo murine xenograft model.",
"siRNA knockdown of A20 accelerates tumor progression in an in vivo murine xenograft model.",
"TNFAIP3 is a glioblastoma tumor suppressor.",
"Low expression of miR7a does not repress target genes or exert a biological function in ovaries.",
"Up-regulation of the p53 pathway and related molecular events speeds cancer progression.",
"TNFAIP3 is a tumor enhancer in glioblastoma.",
"TNFAIP3 is a glioblastoma tumor enhancer.",
"Increase of p62 in prostate tumor stroma results in defective autophagy.",
"ALDH1 expression is associated with poorer prognosis for breast cancer primary tumors.",
"Low expression of miR7a does not repress target genes or exert a biological function in testis."
] | siRNA knockdown of A20 slows tumor progression in an in vivo murine xenograft model. |
1405 | taa1 tar1 tar2 triple mutants in Arabidopsis do not make root meristem during embryogenesis. | Depletion of nitric oxide is responsible for vasospasm. | [
"Depletion of nitric oxide is responsible for vasospasm.",
"Risedronate increases risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures.",
"Helicobacter pylori-induced aberrant NF-kB-dependent expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase contributes to the mutagenesis of host DNA.",
"The density of cytokine receptor bearing cells has no effect on the distance over which cytokines act.",
"RUNX is not expressed in skin tissue.",
"ATM and Rad3 related protein are critical for sensing DNA damage.",
"Cell autonomous sex determination in somatic cells occurs in Galliformes.",
"Lysine histone demethylase inhibitor JIB 04 is inactive against KDM5A.",
"Propriospinal interneurons that play a role in the plastic reorganization of spinal circuits are integral for recovery from spinal cord injury.",
"Forkhead 0 (fox0) transcription factors are involved in cellular differentiation."
] | [
"taa1 tar1 tar2 triple mutants in Arabidopsis do not make root meristem during embryogenesis.",
"Localization of PIN1 in the roots of Arabidopsis requires VPS9a",
"Upregulation of PD1 causes the downmodulation of Satb1.",
"Removal of H3K9me3 by ectopic expression of other H3K9 demethylases improves reprogramming efficiency in SCNT experiments.",
"Removal of H3K9me3 by ectopic expression of other H3K9 demethylases decreases reprogramming efficiency in SCNT experiments.",
"YAP/TAZ is required in intestinal regeneration in mouse models of ulcerative colitis.",
"MT binding domain drives amyloid structure formation.",
"Inhibiting HDAC6 increases survival of mice with ARID1A mutated tumors.",
"Activation of the Rac1 homolog CED-10 kills viable cells in SRGP-1 mutant Caenorhabditis elegans.",
"ERAP1 SNPs are epistatic to HLA alleles for ankylosing spondylitis."
] | taa1 tar1 tar2 triple mutants in Arabidopsis do not make root meristem during embryogenesis. |
1406 | β-sheet opening occurs during pleurotolysin pore formation. | Varenicline monotherapy is more effective after 26 weeks of treatment compared to combination nicotine replacement therapies with varenicline or bupropion. | [
"Varenicline monotherapy is more effective after 26 weeks of treatment compared to combination nicotine replacement therapies with varenicline or bupropion.",
"DUSP4 increases apoptosis.",
"Ultrasound guidance significantly reduces the number of traumatic procedures when attempting needle insertion.",
"Monoclonal antibody targeting of N-cadherin inhibits growth.",
"LSD1-positive promoters are associated with RNA polymerase II",
"Addition of BMP4, activin A, CHIR99021, and SU504 to reprogramming fibroblasts generates, expands and maintains cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs)",
"In chronic viral infections or tumors, peptides that selectively inhibit PTPRS can be utilized to boost insufficient activity of pDCs.",
"Assessing treatment adherence is more beneficial to clinical practice than measuring routine outcomes.",
"Environmentally-induced senescence is mimicked in disease modeling by adding specific molecules to the culture system.",
"Mutant mice lacking SVCT2 have severely reduced ascorbic acid levels in both brain and adrenals."
] | [
"β-sheet opening occurs during pleurotolysin pore formation.",
"VgrG (Tssl) protein punctures membranes by forming a spike at the tip of the tube apparatus.",
"Stiff substrates encourage mesodermal differentiation by degrading beta-catenin in an integrin-dependent manner.",
"Stiff substrates inhibit mesodermal differentiation by degrading beta-catenin in an integrin-dependent manner.",
"Venules have less significant tunica adventitia than arterioles.",
"Intramembrane cleavage by signal peptide peptidase aids in the degradation of proteins with a complex membrane orientation.",
"The microtubule-dependent delivery and secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) is partially responsible for the disassembly of adhesion sites.",
"β1/Ketel is able to bind microtubules.",
"Myelin sheaths are lipid-rich cellular structures.",
"The tissue surrounding the granuloma in an immune cell induces an anti-inflammatory immune response."
] | β-sheet opening occurs during pleurotolysin pore formation. |
1407 | β1/Ketel is able to bind microtubules. | Vitamin D deficiency effects birth weight. | [
"Vitamin D deficiency effects birth weight.",
"Tonic signaling from the scFv induces constitutive stimulation.",
"Antiretroviral therapy increases rates of tuberculosis across a broad range of CD4 strata.",
"Monoclonal antibody targeting of N-cadherin inhibits growth.",
"A diminished ovarian reserve is a very strong indicator of infertility, even in an a priori non-infertile population.",
"F4/80+ macrophages regulate mature osteoblast maintenance.",
"Lack of FGF21 in mice leads to reduced lifespan.",
"The tip of the inner tube of the toxic type VI secretion system (T6SS) antibacterial effector in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is decorated with VgrG and PAAR proteins.",
"In the UK, drowning affects boys and girls equally.",
"Women with a lower birth weight are more likely to develop breast cancer later in life."
] | [
"β1/Ketel is able to bind microtubules.",
"TMEM27 is a marker for beta cells.",
"Myelin sheaths are lipid-rich cellular structures.",
"Neutrophils produce IL-1β in response to large particles.",
"Increased purity of cytoplasmic membranes isolated from overexpressors is indicated by stronger spots for OmpF in 2D BN-PAGE gels.",
"Reduction of purity of cytoplasmic membranes isolated from overexpressors is indicated by stronger spots for OmpF in 2D BN-PAGE gels.",
"The microtubule-dependent delivery and secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) is partially responsible for the disassembly of adhesion sites.",
"Flexible molecules experience less steric hindrance in the tumor microenviroment than rigid molecules.",
"Reduction of purity of cytoplasmic membranes isolated from overexpressors is indicated by stronger spots for OmpA in 2D BN-PAGE gels.",
"PrimPol generates short DNA replication intermediates on the leading strand during DNA replication."
] | β1/Ketel is able to bind microtubules. |