Datasets:

tomekkorbak

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pii-pile-chunk3-100000-150000

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[ "Initial assessment of gene diversity for the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans based on expressed sequences.", "\nA total of 1000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) corresponding to 760 unique sequence sets were identified using random sequencing of clones from a cDNA library constructed from mycelial RNA of Phytophthora infestans. ", "A number of software programs, represented by a relational database and an analysis pipeline, were developed for the automated analysis and storage of the EST sequence data. ", "A set of 419 nonredundant sequences, which correspond to a total of 632 ESTs (63.2%), were identified as showing significant matches to sequences deposited in public databases. ", "A putative cellular identity and role was assigned to all 419 sequences. ", "All major functional categories were represented by at least several ESTs. ", "Four novel cDNAs containing sequences related to elicitins, a family of structurally related proteins that induce the hypersensitive response and condition avirulence of P. infestans on Nicotiana plants, were among the most notable genes identified. ", "Two of these elicitin-like cDNAs were among the most abundant cDNAs examined. ", "The set also contained several ESTs with high sequence similarity to unique plant genes." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Letter Written by D. D. T. Farnsworth\nto His Parents While\nGovernor of West Virginia\n\nThe State of West Virginia\nExecutive Department,\nWheeling, Feb 27th, 1869\n\nMy very Dear Father and Mother,\n\nI thought I would drop you a line and let you know that I have not forgotten you, and more especially\nsince by the fource of circumstances which has placed me in the position which I now ocupy. ", "I must\nconfess that I owe my success in life, to the goodness of God, and the early training that I received from\nfaithfull and ever to be honored parents. ", "I have never yet forgotten, the last good and faithfull\nlesson which you gave me, when I first left your home. ", "Nor have I forgotten the promises that I then\nmade to keep and obey that council. ", "I say this, because I feel that it is but a poor tribute to that respect\nwhich is due you. ", "I send you a paper that will give you the strange news of the location of the Capitol at\nCharleston. ", "I should be pleased to heare from you. ", "My love to all. ", "Your unworthy Son." ]

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[ "CONTACT US\n\nFirst annual LIC CON\n\nThe first annual LIC CON will be held on Saturday, March 30th from 10 am to 1 pm. ", "Find out more about after-school programs, sports, financial planning, adult fitness classes, restaurants and more available in Long Island City" ]

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[ "The present invention relates to a lamp assembly that has a control member connected to a pull switch and a chain. ", "The control member is activated either by pulling the chain or touch the chain.", "\nA conventional lamp assembly is shown in FIGS. ", "1 and 2 and generally includes a base 1 with a post 11 extending therefrom and a socket 21 is connected to a top of the post 11. ", "An electrical cable 5 extends through the post 11 and is connected to a pull switch 3 and a bulb frame 22 respectively by two wires 51 and 52. ", "A connection wire 6 is connected between the bulb frame 22 and the pull switch 3. ", "A chain 31 is connected to the pull switch 3 and extends through an aperture 24 of the socket 21. ", "The bulb frame 22 has an insertion portion 221 which is inserted in the socket 21 and a flange 222 extends from the bulb frame 22 and is rested on a top edge of the socket 21. ", "A positioning member 23 has an inner threaded periphery 232 which is threadedly connected to an outer threaded periphery of the socket 21 so as to position the bulb frame 22. ", "A bulb 4 is then connected to the bulb frame 22.", "\nThe conventional pull switch is activated by pulling the chain 31 and the interior parts of the switch are easily to be worn out due to frequent operations and the chain 31 could be broken.", "\nThe present invention relates to a lamp assembly which comprises a base with a post extending from the base and a socket is connected to a top of the post so as to be connected to a bulb frame thereto. ", "An aperture is defined through the socket in which a control member and a pull switch are respectively received. ", "An electrical cable is connected to the control member and a first connection wire is connected between the control member and the bulb frame. ", "A second connection wire is connected between the pull switch and the bulb frame.", "\nA chain is connected to the pull switch and extends through the aperture of the socket. ", "The control member is activated by either pulling the chain or touching the chain.", "\nThe primary object of the present invention is to provide a lamp assembly wherein the bulb of the lamp assembly is controlled by a control member which can be activated by either pulling the chain or touching the chain." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Q:\n\nChracterization proper maps in terms of nets\n\nLet $X,Y$ denote arbitrary topological spaces. ", "A map $f:X\\to Y$ is called proper if for all compact $K\\subset Y,$ the pre-image $f^{-1}(K)\\subset X$ is also compact.", "\nA net $\\{x_\\alpha\\}_{\\alpha\\in A}\\subset X$ goes to infinity if for all compact $K\\subset X,$ there exists $\\alpha_0\\in A$ such that $x_\\alpha\\not\\in K$ for all $\\alpha\\ge\\alpha_0.$ \nI propose the following equivalent notion of properness: A map $f$ is proper if any only if for every net $\\{x_\\alpha\\}_{\\alpha\\in A}\\subset X$ that goes to infinity, the net $\\{f(x_\\alpha)\\}_{\\alpha\\in A}\\subset Y$ also goes to infinity.", "\nWikipedia asserts that this equivalency holds if we assume that $X,Y$ are metric spaces and we replace nets with sequences. ", "I can prove one direction of the general characterization, namely the \"only if\" direction:\nProof by contrapositive. ", "Let $\\{x_\\alpha\\}_{\\alpha\\in A}\\subset X$ denote a net that goes to infinity such that $\\{f(x_\\alpha)\\}_{\\alpha\\in A}$ does not go to infinity. ", "Let $K\\subset Y$ denote a compact such that for all $\\alpha_0\\in A,$ there exists $\\alpha\\ge\\alpha_0$ with $x_\\alpha\\in f^{-1}(K).$ Since $\\{x_\\alpha\\}$ must eventually leave every compact, then $f^{-1}(K)$ cannot be compact.", "\nAs for the converse direction, I do not know. ", "Here is one thing that might help: In any topological space $X$ with at least one compact subset that is not itself compact, I can construct a non-empty net that goes to infinity. ", "Indeed, let the directed set $A$ be the collection of all compact subsets, ordered by inclusion. ", "For all $K\\in A,$ choose $x_K\\in X$ so that $x_K\\not\\in K.$ Clearly $\\{x_K\\}_{K\\in A}$ goes to infinity. ", "I believe that a variation of this construction will do the trick for the converse direction.", "\n\nA:\n\nThe converse is not true in general. ", " For instance, if $X$ is compact, then any map $f:X\\to Y$ for any $Y$ vacuously satisfies the second condition, since no net in $X$ goes to infinity. ", " But not every map $f:X\\to Y$ is proper. ", " For instance, if $Y$ is $X$ with the indiscrete topology and $f$ is the identity map, then every subset of $Y$ is compact so this would be saying every subset of $X$ is compact which is certainly not true in general.", "\nIt is true if you require $Y$ to be Hausdorff. ", " In that case, suppose $f:X\\to Y$ is not proper; let $K\\subseteq Y$ be compact such that $f^{-1}(K)$ is not compact. ", " We can then find some net $(x_\\alpha)$ in $f^{-1}(K)$ with no accumulation point in $f^{-1}(K)$. Since $Y$ is Hausdorff, $K$ is closed, so $f^{-1}(K)$ is closed, and so $(x_\\alpha)$ actually has no accumulation point in $X$. It follows that $(x_\\alpha)$ must go to infinity. ", " But $f(x_\\alpha)\\in K$ for all $\\alpha$, so $(f(x_\\alpha))$ does not go to infinity.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "More Tourists Troubles (Peddlers) :\n\nWhen they’re not sharing tips on where to watch the perfect Angkor sunrise, travel forum contributors are seeking advice on how to avoid crowds. ", "The much-discussed sunrise has become something of a circus and this is part of the tourists troubles Angkor Wat is facing today besides a lists of others.", "\n\nExpect a raucous scrum as tour guides bellow at their groups, young children scream themselves awake and ringtones pierce the muggy morning air. ", "Not quite the spiritual experience you signed up for. ", "In fairness, world-class sightseeing attractions are always likely to be busy and tourists complaining about tourists troubles is a bit like car owners moaning about traffic jams.", "\n\nA bigger issue than visitor numbers is disrespectful behavior. ", "Cambodians were enraged last year when a Chinese model was photographed topless beside the ruins. ", "It was one of a number of similar incidents that prompted authorities to announce strict new codes of conduct for tourists. ", "These were accompanied by posters warning that inappropriate behavior such as “exposing sexual organs and nudity in public areas is a crime punishable by law”.", "\n\nCulturally ignorant tourists are only one side of the story, however. ", "Revenue from ticket sales for the first six months of 2016 exceeded US$31 million, prompting a stream of online posts questioning how much of the money is being reinvested in tourist facilities, restoration work and clearly marked trails.", "\n\nAs one TripAdvisor reviewer put it: “After paying your entry fee, you are left to wander with no information but sellers in your face.”", "\n\nAh yes, the sellers. ", "Park management turn a blind eye to Angkor’s army of entrepreneurs. ", "Artisans Angkor may be doing an excellent job of providing livelihoods for Siem Reap’s young people but there are still plenty of persistent child vendors who won’t leave you alone until you buy something. ", "And closely related to the trinket peddler is the scammer. ", "Con artists are so numerous the country is jokingly referred to as Scambodia. ", "Crafty tuk tuk drivers (is there another kind?), ", "fake monks and corrupt traffic police are merely the start of your problems. ", "Authorities recommend informing the park guards if you’re ripped off. ", "Good luck with that one." ]

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[ "[Clinical picture and diagnosis of mild craniocerebral injuries during alcoholic intoxication].", "\nThe authors analysed 273 cases with brain contusion suffered in a state of acute alcohol intoxication. ", "It was found that alcohol intoxication alters its clinical picture considerably. ", "The dependence of the neurological symptoms on the degree and phase of alcohol intoxication is shown. ", "Statistical processing of the information obtained allowed the most informative neurological symptoms of brain injury to be revealed. ", "The significance of additional examination methods for the diagnosis is discussed. ", "A dependence of the rheographic indices in brain injury on the phase of concomitant alcohol intoxication is demonstrated." ]

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[ "In vitro study for inhibition of NO production about constituents of Sappan Lignum.", "\nIn the course of our screening, we found that the methanolic extract of Sappan Lignum showed strong activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages in vitro. ", "As it was reported that Brazilin inhibited inducible NO gene, we conducted to similar tests for six known compounds isolated from Sappan Lignum, namely, brazilein, sappanchalcone, protosappanin A, protosappanin B, protosappanin C besides brazilin. ", "And six compounds were also subjected to six tests to speculate their properties: (1) inhibition of NO production by cultured J774.1 (macrophage-like) cell line, (2) suppression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene expression, (3) inhibition of NO production by murine peritoneal macrophages, (4) DPPH radical scavenging activity, (5) reduction of ferric ion and (6) antioxidant activity. ", "Brazilein and sappanchalcone showed significant inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production by J774.1 cell line like Brazilin; 100% inhibition at 30 microM in test (1) and at 10 microM in test (3). ", "The mechanisms underlying the inhibition of NO production by the compounds were investigated in test (2). ", "As a result, brazilin was found to almost completely suppress iNOS gene expression at 100 microM as reported, and brazilein and sappanchalcone also suppressed iNOS gene expression. ", "But strong activities were not observed for protosappanins A, B and C. So, we conducted tests (4), (5) and (6) to investigate other properties about six compounds. ", "Protosappanin A and Brazilin demonstrated high antioxidant activity compared with Vitamin E in tests (4) and (5). ", "Protosappanin A and B inhibited the oxidation of linoleic acid in test (6). ", "Among the dibenzoxocin derivatives, only protosappanin C did not show significant activity in all the tests. ", "We found that sappanchalcone showed same activity as brazilin, and six compounds isolated from Sappan Lignum showed various properties." ]

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[ "USS Enright (DE-216)\n\nUSS Enright (DE-216/APD-66), a of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Ensign Robert Paul Francis Enright (1916-1942), who was killed in action while serving aboard the destroyer during the Battle of Midway on 6 June 1942.", "\n\nCareer \nEnright was launched on 29 May 1943 by Philadelphia Navy Yard; sponsored by Mrs. Katherine L. Enright, mother of Ensign Enright; and commissioned on 21 September 1943, Lieutenant Commander A. Wildner in command.", "\n\nEnright made two voyages from east coast ports to escort convoys to NS Argentia, Newfoundland, between 15 November and 9 December 1943, then took up demanding duty escorting convoys across the North Atlantic. ", " During the next year, she made six voyages to British ports, guarding the passage of men and supplies destined for the vast operations on the European continent, and one voyage to Oran.", "\n\nOn 16 April 1944, while westward bound, Enright was struck by a merchantman ship approaching the convoy. ", " A 65-foot hole was torn in her port quarter, forward living spaces were flooded, and she took on a 9° list. ", " The high quality of her crew was shown both in damage control work and the seamanship which brought her safely back to New York, where she was repaired in a month.", "\n\nShe was reclassified APD-66 on 21 January 1945. ", "Converted to a Charles Lawrence-class high speed transport at Boston Navy Yard early in 1945, Enright sailed from Norfolk, Virginia on 7 April for Pacific duty. ", " She trained at Pearl Harbor for two weeks, then escorted a convoy to Eniwetok and Ulithi, continuing until she arrived off Okinawa on 11 June 1945. ", " Aside from a two-week absence in July to escort a convoy from Leyte Island in the Philippines to Okinawa, Enright served in the anti-submarine screen around Okinawa until 24 July. ", " For the next month, she carried mail among southern Philippines, and to Brunei Bay, Borneo.", "\n\nEnright cleared Leyte Gulf on 21 August 1945, to escort a supply convoy to a rendezvous off Tokyo Bay, then returned to Manila to begin a series of voyages escorting transports and carrying troops herself to the occupation of Japan and China. ", " On 2 December 1945, she sailed from Manila for Norfolk, arriving 11 January 1946.", "\n\nShe was decommissioned and placed in reserve at Green Cove Springs, Florida, 21 June 1946.", "\n\nTransfer to Ecuador \nEnright was transferred to Ecuador on 14 July 1967 and was renamed escort destroyer BAE 25 de Julio (E-12). ", "The ship was renamed and reclassified as frigate BAE Morán Valverde (D-01) in 1975, and was purchased outright by Ecuador on 30 August 1978. ", "She was stricken from the United States Naval Vessel Register on 31 March 1978. ", "The ship was deleted in 1989.", "\n\nAwards\nEnright received one battle star for World War II service.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n USS Enright website\n \n\nCategory:Buckley-class destroyer escorts\nCategory:Ships built in Philadelphia\nCategory:1943 ships\nCategory:World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States\nCategory:Charles Lawrence-class high speed transports\nCategory:World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States\nCategory:Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Ecuadorian Navy\nCategory:Frigates of the Ecuadorian Navy" ]

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[ "SEO 2018 - Staying visible online is essential for any modern business, internet marketer, or webmaster.", "\nWhen the right steps aren’t taken, your website could find itself in the depths of internet obscurity, leaving very few opportunities…\n\nUnderstanding What Goes into an Effective Business Plan\nWhen working with established business owners and fresh entrepreneurs, there’s one thing that I’ve found can help any business to succeed: a business plan.", "\nA business plan is more…\n\nhttps://www.peterspann.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/business-plan-3.jpg7091000Peter Spannhttp://www.peterspann.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Spann-Business-Text-Logo-Black-300x60.pngPeter Spann2018-01-01 02:01:412018-05-07 08:02:25Effective Business Plan - How to Write One\n\nLocal business facebook marketing strategies aren't easy to devise. ", "Despite having over a quarter of the world’s population as active users, Facebook doesn’t always turn out to be the marketer’s dream platform.", "\nSome approach the…\n\nUsing a mobile app gets around the fact that traditional marketing can be expensive and promoting the brand through normal advertising is what everyone else does!", "\nTo survive successfully in today's vying business market and to market your…\n\nWhen it comes to online marketing, how far should social media influence your strategy?", "\nI am a member of the school of thought that believes in the power of social media in today marketing.", "\nNot so long ago newspaper, TV and Radio ads were…\n\nConquer the Sales Process With 5 Insightful Tips\nThe sales process plays a vital role in improving your business and expanding your customer base. ", "Continue reading for 5 insightful tips today.", "\nWould you go on a road trip without directions…\n\n5 Tips for Successful Facebook Advertising\nFacebook is one of the social media giants that almost everyone uses! ", "Read this article for tips on promotional advertising for your business through Facebook!", "\nWelcome to promotional advertising,…\n\nSocial Media Marketing Tips Business Owners Can Benefit From\nSocial media is everywhere and a lot of people use it every day. ", "Here are some simple social media marketing tips on how to promote your business.", "\nHave you grown frustrated with…\n\n5 Tips for Successful Instagram Advertising\nIf you want to branch your small business out, why not use Instagram as a marketing tool? ", "Read this article on how to use Instagram to market your business!", "\nWhy are there currently 8 million…\n\nhttps://www.peterspann.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Image_1-1.jpeg13332000Peter Spannhttp://www.peterspann.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Spann-Business-Text-Logo-Black-300x60.pngPeter Spann2017-12-19 07:08:372018-05-07 08:02:27How to Use Instagram as a Marketing Tool" ]

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[ "Managing General Agents Streamline Workers Compensation Plans\n\nUnlike traditional insurance agents or brokers, a managing general agent, or Workers Comp MGA, has the authority from an insurer to underwrite worker compensation plans. ", "MGAs are effective in situations where special or in-depth knowledge of certain coverage is necessary. ", "They also provide service in more sparsely populated areas, to supplement local in-house insurance coverage resources. ", "MGAs are vested with the authority to:\n\nProvide binding coverage\n\nUnderwrite and set pricing\n\nAppoint retail agents within a particular area\n\nSettle claims\n\nA Workers Comp MGA typically has the advantage of being connected to a national network of insurance coverage sources. ", "This access makes it easier to find the fit that works best for an individual employers situation. ", "Agents have comprehensive knowledge of a variety of plans, including guaranteed cost, large deductible, or loss-sensitive plans and excess workers compensation. ", "An agent will help analyze the individual needs of an operation in order to help employers settle on the best coverage for the business. ", "Factors include loss experience, size of the company and risk tolerance.", "\n\nFlexible Underwriting\n\nMany types of businesses can benefit from the help of a workers comp MGA. ", "Plans can be customized for employers in manufacturing, transportation, education, healthcare, not-for-profit operations and others. ", "An MGA has the knowledge and authority to underwrite surplus and unusual lines of insurance, if that is what a business requires to be appropriately and thoroughly covered." ]

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[ "The overall objective of the MGPBAC is to provide quantitation of analytes and drug metabolites, stable isotope studies, DMA, mRNA, and proteomics services to MRDDRC investigators. ", "For nucleic acids work, the Core provides basic and advanced molecular biology, molecular genetics, and genetic counseling tools to enhance their clinical research protocols. ", "For proteomics work, the Core provides advanced large molecule mass spectrometry. ", "For biochemical analysis (bioanalytic) work, the core provides tandem mass spectrometry and stable isotope analyses. ", "Specialized database and statistical support is provided for DNA, mRNA and proteomics research. ", "This includes automated genotyping, automated proteomic profiling using stable isotopes, and project-based meta data collection and public dissemination. ", "It is important to note that the database and statistical support is distinct from that offered in the Biostatistics and Informatics Core. ", "The statistics and bioinformatics offered by the MGPBAC is not available in the Biostatistics and Informatics Core, and is highly specialized for molecular biology work and research. ", "However, there is a linkage between the two cores to assure synergy." ]

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[ "YJuneau County Peace Committee Inc\n\nJuneau County Peace Committee Inc is a registered 501(c)(3) organization located in Mauston, WI and is focused in Described in section 509(a)(2) of the Code and Discussion groups, forums, panels lectures, etc.." ]

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[ "Hitomi Shimizu\n\nHitomi Shimizu (冷水ひとみ) is a keyboardist and composer of live action films, television programs, animated shorts and videogames. ", " She is part of a musical duo with violinist Hiromi Nishida called Syzygys. ", " Born in Nara, Japan, she majored in music composition at the Toho Gakuen School of Music. ", "Her score for the 2001 comedy Waterboys, composed with Gakuji Matsuda, won the Japan Academy Prize for best film score. ", " She also contributed music to the short film Mt. Head, by Kōji Yamamura, which won the top prize at the 27th Annecy International Animation Film Festival, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. ", "That film also won the Best Soundtrack Creation Award at the Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival.", "\n\nShimizu has written music for several horror projects. ", " She was the composer of the television series Gakkou no Kaidan (School Ghost Story) with Gary Ashiya. ", " Following this series, both musicians composed for the PlayStation 2 title Siren. ", " In 2008, Shimizu was the sole composer of the PlayStation 3 sequel Siren: Blood Curse. ", " The new title features an arrangement of the Siren main theme played on an Ondes Martenot by musician Wakana Ichihashi. ", " The song is voiced by singer Yula Yayoi.", "\n\nGameography\nSiren (2003): Composer (in collaboration with Gary Ashiya)\nSiren: Blood Curse (2008): Composer\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nSyzygys Official Website\n\nCategory:Video game composers\nCategory:Japanese female musicians\nCategory:Japanese musicians\nCategory:Toho Gakuen School of Music alumni\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Siren (series)\nCategory:Musicians from Nara Prefecture\nCategory:Year of birth missing (living people)" ]

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[ "Iowa Archeological Society\n\nThe Iowa Archeological Society (IAS) is an organization of academic, professional, and amateur archaeologists. ", "The IAS promotes education about Iowa's cultural past, conducts excavations, and encourages ethical collection and recording of archaeological sites. ", "It publishes the academic Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society and the IAS Newsletter.", "\n\nFounded in 1951, the IAS was the brainchild of Charles R. Keyes, the founder in the 1920s of systematic archaeological research in Iowa. ", "Keyes established and directed the Iowa State Archaeological Survey from 1921 to 1951. ", "He, along with Ellison Orr in his later years, conducted the first extensive surveys, identifying numerous archeological sites in Iowa. ", "Keyes also conducted numerous excavations. ", "After a long partnership, both Keyes and Orr died in 1951, the first year of the IAS.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Organizations based in Iowa\nCategory:Archaeology of the United States\nCategory:Archaeological organizations\nCategory:Archaeology journals\nCategory:Pre-Columbian studies\nCategory:Archaeological professional associations" ]

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[ "Ritchie Thomas\n\nRichard John Harold \"Ritchie\" Thomas (13 July 1915 – 30 July 1988) was an Australian rules footballer who played with East Perth in the Western Australian National Football League and for Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).", "\n\nThomas was the son of William 'Digger' Thomas, the 1923 Sandover Medalist who also played with East Perth.", "\n\nHe played his football across half back and was on a flank in East Perth's 1936 premiership side. ", "The defender shared the \"Best and Fairest\" award at East Perth in 1939 and then won it outright in 1940.", "\n\nThomas enlisted in the Australian Army in early 1941, and served with the 13 Field Company during World War II. ", "Having been sent to Victoria to attend a physical training course at an army school in Frankston, Thomas made four appearances for Essendon, all of which the club won, including a semi-final against Richmond. ", "He missed out on participating any deeper in the finals series as he had to return home: Essendon went on to make the 1941 VFL Grand Final, but lost to Melbourne. ", "Thomas was subsequently stationed in Darwin, and was a member of a West Australian team that defeated a combined South Australia–Victoria side in 1942. ", "After eighteen months in Darwin, Thomas was posted to New Britain (in present-day Papua New Guinea). ", "Having spent three months there, he was sent to a military school Sydney to complete physical training. ", "While in Sydney, Thomas took up football with the Eastern Suburbs Australian Football Club (later the UNSW-Eastern Suburbs Bulldogs), playing with a number of other interstate footballers on military service.", "\n\nHe resumed playing with East Perth after the war and represented Western Australia in two interstate matches against South Australia in 1946. ", "This brought his interstate tally to four, having played twice against Victoria before the war.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1915 births\nCategory:1988 deaths\nCategory:Australian Army soldiers\nCategory:Australian military personnel of World War II\nCategory:Australian rules footballers from Western Australia\nCategory:East Perth Football Club players\nCategory:Essendon Football Club players\nCategory:People from Perth, Western Australia\nCategory:East Sydney Australian Football Club players" ]

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[ "Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with human and rodent obesity.", "\nObesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ", "However, a direct link between these two states is difficult to establish, since obesity frequently occurs with other disease states such as diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. ", "Clinical studies have clearly shown that uncorrected obesity is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and compromised ventricular function. ", "A number of rodent models of obesity have been studied in terms of cardiovascular adaptations. ", "Cardiac function of the obese Zucker rat appears to be normal at a younger age. ", "Only after several months is depression in cardiac function discernable. ", "These animals are mildly hypertensive, but do not exhibit the characteristic increase in cardiac output associated with human obesity. ", "A unique characteristic of JCR:LA-cp rat is that they develop atherosclerotic and myocardial lesions. ", "Hearts from these animals will maintain normal function when perfused with physiological levels of calcium. ", "At higher calcium concentrations, however, mechanical function becomes impaired. ", "Dietary-induced obese rats exhibit many of the hemodynamic alterations associated with human obesity, but there is no evidence to-date that these animals will develop severe cardiac depression. ", "Short-term weight reduction apparently has beneficial cardiovascular effects, but weight cycling may be harmful. ", "Given the widespread occurrence of obesity, further studies are warranted to characterize the cardiac manifestations of this condition." ]

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[ "No service available for HP Pavilion dv6t-7000 in India\n\nI bought a HP Pavilion dv6t-7000 in the US. ", "On an exchange program, I came to India and within two days, the notebook developed a defect. ", "I am not asking for the solution to the defect, all I want to know is whom to contact for my notebook. ", "The service centre in India washed its hands off my product by saying that it is not supported in India. ", "Now I have important work lined up and I have nowhere to go.", "\n\nClicking the \"Kudos Star\" to the left is a great way to say thanks! ", "When your problem has been solved, accept the solution by clicking \"Accept as Solution\" to help other members in the future!Rules of Participation" ]

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[ "What Toronto police officers really earn, including the amount of money paid for off-duty work, will be publicly reported for the first time this year.", "\n\nOther GTA forces, including Durham and York, have for several years reported what’s called “paid duty” earnings — work police officers can be hired to do by third parties during off hours, including at construction sites, road work and public events. ", "Toronto police will do so for the first time this year as they face pushback from the union representing officers.", "\n\nSince 2012, the province has required police forces to count paid duty earnings on T4 income slips, which should be tallied towards the total earnings reported to the Sunshine List — the annual provincial disclosure of any public sector salaries over $100,000.", "\n\nBut up until now, Toronto police have not reported those earnings. ", "Director of finance and business management Sandra Califaretti said they recently changed how officers get that paid duty money. ", "It’s now received from the service instead of directly from contractors. ", "It’s because of that change, she said, that those earnings will now be reported this year.", "\n\nThe issue of paid duty drew strong criticism and calls for review at the police board last summer after outgoing Chief Bill Blair — whose contract is up in April — announced the payout for paid duty work totalled more than $26 million in 2013.", "\n\nWhile some have questioned the need for officers to be hired for some jobs, such as guarding construction sites, the number of paid assignments each year continues to climb.", "\n\nThe Sunshine List is typically released at the end of March; now, with Toronto paid duty to be counted this year, the number of Toronto police officers who earn a place on it is expected to balloon.", "\n\nMore than a third of all officers already make the list. ", "The last contract deal under former Mayor Rob Ford saw 2,983 officers making six figures.", "\n\nThe new reporting also comes just as the union and board are negotiating a new contract for officers that could see base salaries increase again. ", "Already, any officer above the most junior rank of constable automatically earns a starting salary of $100,000 or more.", "\n\nThe current rate for a paid-duty officer is $68 per hour and must be hired for a minimum of three hours at $204. ", "The rates increase if a higher-ranking officer such as a sergeant or staff sergeant is required to supervise a group of officers.", "\n\nSo constables, who make base salaries between $88,844 and $96,846, could easily be pushed over the reporting threshold by completing between 15 and 50 three-hour jobs.", "\n\nIn Durham, for example, where the police budget is also the biggest tax-supported item, nearly 60 per cent of all officers made the Sunshine List for 2013.", "\n\nToronto Police Association president Mike McCormack argued paid duty should not be tallied for the Sunshine List because it is not paid by taxpayers. ", "Any group or company that hires an officer must pay the service for that work.", "\n\n“We believe the Sunshine List was created to show what government agencies are spending using tax dollars,” McCormack said. “", "This is officers who are off duty, working on their own time and it’s not of any financial impact to the taxpayers.”", "\n\nPreviously, paid duty was reported as a taxable benefit, but must now be reported as employment income on T4 slips, said a spokesperson for Deputy Premier Deb Matthews, president of the Treasury Board. ", "That requirement is enforced by the Canada Revenue Agency and makes those numbers relevant to the Sunshine List.", "\n\nToronto’s police union consulted a lawyer on the issue, but appears to have lost the ability to keep paid-duty earnings secret.", "\n\n“I still see no reason why it should be included,” McCormack said. “", "We still think that it’s not proper.”", "\n\nPolice spokesperson Mark Pugash told the Star a dispute with the union was “resolved” after discussions with the Ministry of Finance.", "\n\nStill, issues over the amount and cost of paid duty continues to be an issue at the police board and in the community.", "\n\nThe board ordered a review of the whole system after Blair announced the nearly $30-million payout in May. Those numbers led former councillor and board member Mike Del Grande to decry the “exorbitant” amount officers make off duty. ", "Members also recorded their “disappointment” with the 4.6 per cent increase in the hourly paid-duty wage that took effect last year.", "\n\nLoading... Loading... Loading... Loading... Loading... Loading...\n\nSince then, the board has created a subcommittee to deal with paid duty which has done little to implement changes, instead calling for a review of the current use and guidelines in November and exploring other ways to provide a similar service.", "\n\nLast year, the force came under fire for at first requiring two armed officers to staff a Grade 8 graduation. ", "When the Star asked about the costs, the estimate was reduced to one officer for the event." ]

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[ "BAALBEK (Lebanon) - Syrian regime forces backed by fighters of Hezbollah control 80 percent of the strategic town of Qusayr, a source close to the Lebanese Shiite movement said on Sunday.", "\n\n\"We still have to take another 20 percent of Qusayr, since we took 10 percent on Sunday and the rest was already in our hands,\" the source said, declining to be named.", "\n\nIn addition, \"the main road between Baalbek and Homs has been secured,\" he said, referring to a vital artery through which the powerful Shiite movement sends men and equipment to Syria.", "\n\nForces loyal to Syria's President Bashar al-Assad supported by Hezbollah fighters launched an assault on Qusayr a week ago but are still being fiercely resisted by rebels.", "\n\nTwenty-two Hezbollah fighters were killed in the Qusayr battle on Saturday alone, the source close to the Lebanese group said.", "\n\n\"There were 22 killed on Saturday. ", "Nine bodies were repatriated the same day and the rest on Sunday,\" the source said.", "\n\nThe Syrian army said Saturday its forces had infiltrated Dabaa military airport, a rebel post north of Qusayr, a week into the offensive to recapture the town near the Lebanese border.", "\n\n\"Fighting is taking place inside the airport after they broke the rebel defence lines,\" an army source said.", "\n\nThe source close to Hezbollah said the militant group has now lost a total of almost 110 fighters since it joined the battle in Syria several months ago, with most of the deaths in and around Qusayr.", "\n\nThe Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said Hezbollah lost 10 fighters in Qusayr on Saturday, out of a total of 147 people killed in violence across Syria, including 79 rebels, 32 soldiers and 26 civilians." ]

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[ "**Core tip:** The prevalence and mortality of Crohn's disease (CD) have been increasing globally, including in areas of Asia that previously had a low incidence. ", "We aimed to investigate the effect and explore potential mechanisms of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced rat model of CD. ", "Our study for the first time provided evidence that successfully isolated ADSCs show therapeutic effects in CD by regulating intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, the Wnt signaling pathway, and T cell immunity.", "\n\nINTRODUCTION\n============\n\nCrohn's disease (CD), a major subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. ", "Patients with CD exhibit diverse symptoms and lesions ranging from abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, ulceration, and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract\\[[@B1]\\]. ", "The prevalence and mortality of CD have been increasing globally, including in areas of Asia that previously had a low incidence\\[[@B2]\\]. ", "Conventional CD treatments consist of aminosalicylates, corticoste-roids, antitumor necrosis factor agents, and immunomodulators\\[[@B3]\\]. ", "Although the majority of patients benefit from these treatments, the treatments are supportive rather than curative and have serious side effects.", "\n\nMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitor cells with self-renewal abilities, multiple-lineage differentiation potential, rapid growth, and immunomodulatory capabilities\\[[@B4]\\]. ", "MSCs can be isolated from many tissues, including bone marrow (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue (ADSC). ", "MSCs have been gradually applied to treat various diseases, mainly by transplantation to repair pathological cells and reconstruct normal cells\\[[@B5]\\]. ", "The application of MSCs in treating IBD has become a hot research topic, but the underlying mechanisms are still vague\\[[@B6]\\]. ", "The Wnt signaling (canonical and noncanonical) pathway is a major pathway in stem cell proliferation and differentiation\\[[@B7]\\]. ", "The canonical Wnt pathway is activated by the binding of Wnt3a to the frizzled receptor (Fz) and its coreceptor complex\\[[@B8]\\]. ", "This leads to stabilization of β-catenin, which translocates to the nucleus and interacts with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor\\[[@B9]\\], further stimulating intestinal crypt cell proliferation and maintaining a stem cell state\\[[@B10]\\]. ", "Noncanonical signaling is activated by Wnt5a and is implicated in the establishment of cell polarity and migration, inflammation, and cancer development. ", "Ror2 acts as a receptor or coreceptor for Wnt5a and regulates Wnt5a-induced activation of planar cell polarity and Wnt-Ca^2+^ pathways, playing an important role in the maintenance of stemness\\[[@B11]\\]. ", "A previous study showed the activation of Wnt3a in IBD rats, suggesting the potential involvement of the canonical Wnt pathway in CD\\[[@B12]\\]. ", "However, the mechanisms of the noncanonical Wnt pathway in CD remain unclear and require further investigation.", "\n\nDisturbances in the immune system also play an important role in the pathogenesis of CD. ", "T cells play central roles in immune regulation and can be divided into T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells according to their different functions\\[[@B13]\\]. ", "Previous studies showed that T cells are important mediators of the inflammatory response in CD\\[[@B14]\\], and the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells was higher, while that of Treg cells was lower in CD patients compared to healthy controls. ", "Moreover, patients with lower Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th17 ratios suffer a higher risk of CD recurrence, while Treg restoration prevented colitis in a mouse CD model\\[[@B15]\\]. ", "These findings suggest that the imbalance in T cell subgroups is related to the activation and progression of CD. ", "Since ADSCs have been shown to treat systemic lupus erythematosus by increasing the number of Treg cells and reducing Th17 cells\\[[@B16]\\], it is plausible that its therapeutic effect on CD may be through regulating T cell immunity. ", "In addition to the Wnt pathway and T cell immunity, intestinal cell regeneration is also vital in CD progression, mainly by accelerating mucosal healing\\[[@B17]\\]. ", "However, whether the therapeutic effect of ADSCs on CD occurs by influencing intestinal cell regeneration has not been reported.", "\n\nThe trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis model is one of the most commonly used experimental CD models\\[[@B18]\\]. ", "Therefore, in this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of ADSCs by tail administration in a TNBS-induced rat CD model. ", "We then traced the location of injected ADSCs to study its roles in repairing damaged intestinal epithelium, involving Wnt signaling pathways and T cell balance.", "\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\n=====================\n\nEthics\n------\n\nThis study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. ", "The animal protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and adhered to the standards articulated in animal research.", "\n\nIsolation, culture, identification, and evaluation of ADSCs from inguinal fat\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nInguinal fat, one of the major sources of MSCs, was obtained aseptically from rats and digested with collagenase type I in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium at 37°C for 45 min. ", "Cell suspensions were sequentially filtered, centrifuged, resuspended, and cultured in DMEM-F12 medium \\[supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 20 ng/μL transforming growth factor, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin\\] at 37°C with 5% CO~2~. When the adherent cells reached 80% to 90% confluence, the replication-defective recombinant lentiviral vector carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) (LT88008, Vigene Biosciences) was added and cultured for 72 h, followed by phosphate buffered saline (PBS) washing and trypsinization. ", "The final third-passage cells were used to evaluate the ADSC phenotype. ", "The immunophenotyping of ADSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. ", "Thereafter, cell counting kit-8 was used to measure the number of live cells at days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. ", "ADSCs were separately cultured with osteogenic-inducing medium and adipogenic-inducing medium for 14 d. To assess the osteogenic capacity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured using an ELISA kit (C059-1, Nanjing Jiancheng, China) by detecting the absorbance at 520 nm. ", "To assess the adipogenic capacity, routine red O staining was performed, and the dyed ADSCs were observed under a microscope.", "\n\nCD model establishment in rats by TNBS administration and the effect of ADSC injection\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThirty male Wistar rats (150-200 g) aged 6 wk (Cavens Lab Animal, Suzhou, China) were randomly divided into three groups (*n* = 8 for each): Control, CD, and CD + GFP-ADSCs. ", "All rats received food and water *ad libitum* and were maintained on a 12/12 h light/dark cycle. ", "After 1 wk, rats in the CD and CD + GFP-ADSCs groups were administered with 1.0 mL of 20 mg TNBS in a 50% ethanol solution following a 24 h fast. ", "Enemas were performed by inserting an 8 cm soft tube into the rat's anus under inhalation anesthesia with 3% sodium phenobarbital. ", "In the control group, the rats underwent with the same procedure and were administered with an equivalent amount of physiological saline. ", "Subsequently, on day 8, the GFP-ADSCs were injected *via* the tail vein at a dose of 1 × 10^7^ cells in 0.3 mL of PBS into the rats in the CD + GFP-ADSCs group. ", "In the control and CD groups, the rats received 0.3 mL of PBS without ADSCs following the same protocol.", "\n\nThe body weight, stool consistency, and rectal bleeding of each rat were recorded on day 7 after model establishment and days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after ADSC treatment. ", "A well-known formula to determine the serial disease activity index (DAI), ranging from 0 to 12, including aspects of weight loss, stool characteristics, and bloody stool, was used to assess the clinical severity of colitis. ", "On day 28, all rats were sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were collected. ", "The colon was retrieved to observe morphological changes. ", "A 0.5 cm length of colonic tissue from the area 6 cm above the anus was collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, followed by Lgr5/CK-20 immunofluorescence detection by confocal microscopy, apoptosis analysis by the TUNEL method, and Western blot/qRT-PCR analysis for Wnt pathway/T cell immunity-related proteins and mRNA. ", "Finally, the serum anti-sacchromyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) and p-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA) levels were measured with ELISA kits (CK-EN34476, CK-EN35015, Yuanye Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China).", "\n\nTracing GFP-ADSC distribution and TUNEL assay\n---------------------------------------------\n\nTo test the effect of ADSCs on colonic epithelial cell regeneration, ADSCs were transfected with a lentiviral vector containing green fluorescent protein (LV-GFP). ", "After 28 d of GFP-ADSC treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and colon tissues were collected to detect the GFP-positive cell expression pattern throughout the body by fluorescence confocal microscopy. ", "The colon section was additionally stained with antibodies against GFP, CD20, and Lgr5, followed by visualization using FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies under a confocal microscope. ", "The number of positive cells was calculated and compared between different groups. ", "For apoptosis analysis of the intestinal cells, colon tissue specimens were embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 5 μm for processing by the TUNEL method (Roche, Shanghai, China). ", "The apoptotic cells were dyed and observed under an Olympus microscope. ", "Ten visual fields were selected, 100 cells within each field were counted, and the following formula was applied: Apoptosis index = (apoptosis cell/total cell) × 100%\\[[@B19]\\].", "\n\nAnalysis of T cell subtypes in peripheral blood by flow cytometry\n-----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nBlood samples were collected in sterile vacutainer tubes containing heparin (100 U/mL). ", "Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by sequential centrifugation and suspended in RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS, followed by incubation at 37°C in a 5% CO~2~ incubator for 2-3 h. PBMCs with a viability greater than 95% as determined by the trypan blue dyeing method were chosen for further experiments. ", "For Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell analysis, 200 mL of PBMC (1 × 10^7^/mL) suspension was added with phorbol ester (50 ng/mL), ionomycin (1 μg/mL), and monensin (2 μmol/L) and incubated in a 5% CO~2~ incubator for 6 h. After triple washing with PBS, the resuspended PBMC suspension was separately added with CD4 monoclonal antibody and IFN-γ/IL-4/IL-17 monoclonal antibody. ", "The mixture was cultured at 4°C for 30 min and analyzed by flow cytometry. ", "For Treg cell analysis, the same amount of PBMC suspension was stained at 4 °C for 30 min with CD4 and CD25 monoclonal antibodies. ", "Thereafter, 10 µL of Foxp3 monoclonal antibody was added and cultured for an additional 20 min, followed by flow cytometry analysis.", "\n\nWestern blot and qRT-PCR\n------------------------\n\nThe transcription factor Foxp3 is a marker of Treg cells, GATA3 is a marker of T helper cells, RORγt is a transcription factor that is specific for Th17 lineage commitment, and T-bet is a biomarker for Th1 cells\\[[@B13],[@B20]\\]. ", "They were used as supplementary markers for different T cell types and routinely quantified by Western blot using an ECL chemiluminescence kit (Santa Cruz, United States). ", "The levels of Wnt pathway/T cell immunity-related mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. ", "Total RNA was extracted from colon tissues with TRIzol reagent, and the concentration and quality were assessed. ", "The RNA was then reverse-transcribed using a FastQuant RT kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. ", "qRT-PCR was conducted using SYBR Green SuperReal PreMix Plus and a 7500 Real-time PCR system. ", "Gene expression levels were determined using the comparative threshold cycle (ΔΔCt) method. ", "β-actin was used as an internal control for both Western blot and qRT-PCR. ", "The detailed primer sequences for qRT-PCR are shown in [Supplementary Table 1](Supplementary Table 1).", "\n\nStatistics analysis\n-------------------\n\nStatistical analyses were performed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0. ", "The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation when they were normally distributed or as medians when the distribution was skewed. ", "Unpaired *t*-test and Mann-Whitney *U* test for parametric and nonparametric analyses were used for comparisons between two groups. ", "The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons among three groups. ", "A *P* value \\< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.", "\n\nRESULTS\n=======\n\nIsolation and characterization of ADSCs\n---------------------------------------\n\nThe isolated cells were evaluated based on morphology, molecular biomarkers, and stemness. ", "As shown in Figure [1A](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, cells extracted from groin fat exhibited the characteristics of ADSCs, including spindle-shaped morphology and whirlpool/radial-arranged growth. ", "The lentivirus-mediated construction of GFP-ADSCs was confirmed by green fluorescence detection. ", "Flow cytometry showed that these cells had the typical marker pattern of ADSCs, including high expression of CD29, CD44, and CD90 but low levels of CD34 and CD45 (Figure [1B](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The quality of the isolated cells was good, evidenced by a typical S-like proliferation curve (Figure [1C](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The stemness of the isolated cells was evaluated by osteogenic and adipogenic induction. ", "After osteogenic induction, ADSCs and GFP-ADSCs showed significantly higher ALP activity compared with that of controls (Figure [1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "After adipogenic induction, lipid droplets were observed in the cytoplasm of ADSCs and GFP-ADSCs, as shown by a brick-red color change after staining with Oil red O (Figure [1E](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Taken together, these data suggested that these isolated cells presented a typical phenotype of ADSCs.", "\n\n{#F1}\n\nADSCs alleviate TNBS-induced experimental colitis in rats\n---------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe therapeutic effect of ADSCs was evaluated in rats with TNBS-induced experimental colitis. ", "To assess the severity of colitis, DAI and body weight changes were recorded every 7 d. The DAI was significantly increased, while the body weight was significantly decreased after TNBS administration, and ADSC therapy significantly reduced DAI in a time-dependent manner (Figure [2A](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Although there was self-alleviation of DAI in the CD group after withdrawal of TNBS, a significantly lower DAI was observed in the CD + GFP-ADSCs group starting 7 d after TNBS delivery compared with that of the CD group. ", "On day 28, the rat weight in the CD + GFP-ADSCs group became significantly higher than that in the CD group ([Supplementary Table 2](Supplementary Table 2)).", "\n\n{#F2}\n\nThe colon length was significantly shorter in the CD group than in the control group, which partially recovered after ADSC therapy, although this difference was not statistically significant (Figure [2B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The intestinal ulceration and inflammation severity were further evaluated by HE staining. ", "As illustrated in Figure [2C](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, the colon tissue structure of control rats was clear, the mucosa was complete, and the intestinal glands in the lamina propria were rich and closely arranged; in the CD group, the arrangement of intestinal glands was disordered, the mucosa was damaged, and there were a large number of infiltrated inflammatory cells; after ADSC treatment, the damaged mucosa and the disordered intestinal glands in the lamina propria were improved. ", "Furthermore, we found a significant reduction in plasma ASCA and p-ANCA concentrations in GFP-ADSC-treated rats (Figure [2D](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nADSC therapy stimulates colonic epithelial proliferation in rats with TNBS-induced colitis\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe distribution of ADSCs was detected by adding GFP to ADSCs and observed by using fluorescence confocal microscopy. ", "GFP fluorescence was detected in the spleen, lung, and colon of the CD + GFP-ADSCs group, and the density was relatively higher in the colon. ", "In contrast, GFP fluorescence was not observed in the heart, liver, and kidney (Figure [3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "CK-20 is a biomarker for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and is indicative of mucosal healing and proliferation. ", "As shown in Figure [3B](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, more CK-20-positive cells were present in the bottom of the crypts in the ADSC-treated group than in the CD group, indicating an accelerated mucosal healing process. ", "GFP green fluorescence merged images supported the specific proximity between epithelial cells and ADSCs, suggesting potential interplay. ", "On the other hand, the typical biomarker of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), Lgr5, was weakly detected in the control and CD groups. ", "The coexpression of GFP and Lgr5 was not observed in the CD + GFP-ADSCs group, indicating that ADSCs had no direct effect on ISCs (Figure [3C](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#F3}\n\nADSC therapy activates the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway and reduces cell apoptosis in rats with TNBS-induced colitis\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nExpression of the Wnt signaling pathway was evaluated by qRT-PCR. ", "The expression levels of Wnt3a, Fzd3, and β-catenin were significantly increased in the CD group compared with the control group, while GFP-ADSC treatment significantly antagonized such changes (Figure [4A](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The expression levels of Wnt5a, Fzd5, and Ror2 were significantly decreased in the CD group compared with the control group, and GFP-ADSC delivery also antagonized such changes (Figure [4B](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The apoptosis rate in colon tissue was assessed by a TUNEL assay (Figure [4C](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Semiquantitative analysis showed that the number of TdT-positive cells was significantly increased in the rats administered with TNBS compared with the control group. ", "GFP-ADSC administration significantly antagonized such change. ", "Although the caspase-3 level was similar in the control, CD, and GFP-ADSC groups, Western blot analysis showed that the cleaved caspase-3 level was significantly increased in the CD group, and was significantly decreased in the GFP-ADSCs group compared with that in the CD group (Figure [4D](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#F4}\n\nADSCs ameliorate abnormal inflammatory cytokine production and disturbed T cell subtypes in rats with TNBS-induced colitis\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe investigated whether GFP-ADSC administration influences the production of inflammatory cytokines involved in intestinal inflammation. ", "We observed an obvious increase in the expression of proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17, and IL-23) and a decrease in the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, and TGF-β) in CD, which were further ameliorated after GFP-ADSC treatment (Figure [5A](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Western blot analysis demonstrated that after TNBS delivery, the expression of Foxp3 and GATA3 was significantly decreased in the CD group, while the levels of RORγ and T-bet were significantly increased (Figure [5B](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "These changes were antagonized in the CD + GFP-ADSCs group. ", "Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg subtype changes were detected by flow cytometry (Figure [6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "We found that Th1/Th17 percentages were significantly increased and Th2/Treg percentage was markedly reduced in the CD group compared with the normal group. ", "Finally, the administration of ADSCs significantly antagonized these changes.", "\n\n{#F5}\n\n{#F6}\n\nDISCUSSION\n==========\n\nMSCs were first identified as a marrow-derived clonal source of cells in the 1960s\\[[@B21]\\]. ", "Despite different sources, MSCs have common features and behavioral traits, which not only provide cells for tissue reconstitution but also regulate inflammation and \"educate\" other cells to facilitate tissue repair\\[[@B22]\\]. ", "Accumulating evidence suggests a therapeutic effect of MSCs in IBD\\[[@B23],[@B24]\\] and ADSCs have been widely used because of their easy acquisition. ", "In 2005, the first phase I clinical trial showed that 75% of fistulas were healed by ADSC therapy without any side effects\\[[@B25]\\], which opened the window to ADSC therapy for CD. ", "Further studies showed that ADSC injection modulated the abnormal immune response in CD patients, resulting in clinical improvement\\[[@B26]\\]. ", "However, the underlying mechanisms of ADSCs in CD are still vague. ", "In this study, we demonstrated that ADSC administration alleviates TNBS-induced colitis by accelerating IEC regeneration, partially restoring the dysregulated Wnt signaling pathway and rebalancing T cell repertoire, which reinforces the effectiveness of ADSC therapy in CD and provides novel clues for further mechanism exploration.", "\n\nMucosal healing is associated with a more favorable prognosis for CD. ", "Previous studies showed the therapeutic effects of ISCs in improving mucosal healing and functional engraftment of the derived colon epithelial cells after successful transplantation\\[[@B27],[@B28]\\]. ", "However, a lack of immunoregulation capacity may hamper further application of ISCs, especially compared with that of MSCs. ", "Moreover, accumulating evidences suggest that systemically transplanted BM-MSCs may home to the injured gut and transdifferentiate into ISCs or interstitial lineage cells to repair the damaged tissue\\[[@B29]\\]. ", "A recent study showed that intraperitoneally administered MSCs homing to inflamed tissues were a prerequisite to achieve their beneficial effect\\[[@B30]\\]. ", "However, the effects of ADSC administration on CD and the mechanisms of mucosal healing have rarely been reported. ", "Our results not only showed the therapeutic effect of ADSCs on the CD phenotype in TNBS-induced rats but also demonstrated that ADSCs engrafted into damaged colon and colocalized with IECs but not ISCs, partially clarifying the mechanisms of ADSCs in mucosal healing. ", "This result enhances previous findings showing the therapeutic effect of local MSC administration in experimental colitis\\[[@B31]\\].", "\n\nThe Wnt signaling pathway was chosen as the candidate because of its capacity to regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of MSCs and to determine the fates of ISCs\\[[@B32],[@B33]\\]. ", "Therefore, this pathway acts as a bridge between MSCs and receptors. ", "Previous studies showed activated canonical and suppressed noncanonical Wnt signaling in IBD\\[[@B34]\\]. ", "In this study, when the intestinal epithelium was inflamed, canonical Wnt signaling was activated. ", "After ADSC transplantation, the canonical Wnt signaling-related genes were downregulated. ", "For the noncanonical Wnt pathway, the levels of relative genes were significantly decreased in the CD group but partially recovered after ADSC administration. ", "Since the canonical Wnt pathway enhances MSC proliferation and the noncanonical Wnt pathway exerts the opposite effects, we speculated that the noncanonical Wnt pathway activated by ADSC transplantation may contribute to the transition of cell status from \"proliferation\" into \"differentiation\"\\[[@B35]\\].", "\n\nDisturbed T cell immunity and changes in its associated cytokine network are actively involved in IBD\\[[@B36]\\]. ", "It has been well accepted that the predominant inflammatory profile in CD involves activated Th1/Th17 but depressed Th2/Treg cell responses. ", "In this study, we reconfirmed these findings in TNBS-induced rats with CD phenotype and further showed that the alleviation of colitis after ADSC administration was partially mediated by antagonizing those changes. ", "Several molecular markers were selected, and the same trend was observed in the changes in T cell subtype. ", "Our results were consistent with previous reports showing the contribution of T cells to the therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs on TNBS-induced colitis\\[[@B37]\\]. ", "It is theoretically plausible that MSCs have the ability to suppress the proliferation and expansion of T helper cells while inducing the differentiation and activation of Treg cells, while the latter has the capacity to inhibit autoimmunity\\[[@B38]\\]. ", "Additionally, a previous study showed that apoptosis was exacerbated in CD\\[[@B39]\\], which was also found in our study by the TUNEL method and the expression level of active caspase-3.", "\n\nThere are several limitations that should be acknowledged. ", "First, it is well known that ISCs are located at the base of the intestinal crypts and renew the epithelium through differentiation to multiple epithelial lineages\\[[@B40]\\]. ", "Although our results identified that ADSCs were colocalized with IECs but not ISCs, whether ADSCs could transdifferentiate into epithelial cells and the potential regulators are still unclear. ", "Second, although we found a change in T cell immunity in CD and after ADSC treatment, the detailed mechanisms are still vague. ", "Third, although we identified the change in the Wnt signaling pathway in CD and after ADSC therapy, further mechanism exploration has not been performed. ", "Previous studies showed the effect of the Wnt signaling pathway on the balance between cell proliferation and its potential regulators\\[[@B41]\\]. ", "Whether these factors are applicable in ADSC therapy requires further study. ", "Fourth, studies are required to understand the potential risks of ADSC treatment, such as tumorigenicity and immune rejection\\[[@B42]\\]. ", "Fifth, it may be not sufficient to use CK-20 as the marker of IECs and combination with Ki-67 should be considered in the future. ", "Finally, the relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and T cell distribution remains unclear. ", "The mechanisms of ADSCs in modulating the interactions between them warrant further research.", "\n\nIn conclusion, our findings not only confirmed the biological characteristics of ADSCs, such as localization and multilineage differentiation potential, but also suggested the effect of ADSC therapy in treating CD phenotype in a TNBS-induced rat model. ", "We further investigated the potential underlining mechanisms, involving IEC proliferation, the Wnt signaling pathway, and T cell immunity, which provided novel clues for the pathogenesis and treatment of CD (Figure [7](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#F7}\n\nARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS\n==================\n\nResearch background\n-------------------\n\nCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, especially involving the distal small intestine and the colonic mucosa. ", "Conventional treatments are supportive rather than curative and have serious side effects.", "\n\nResearch motivation\n-------------------\n\nAdipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have been gradually applied to treat various diseases. ", "The therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of ADSCs on CD are still not clear.", "\n\nResearch objectives\n-------------------\n\nThis study aimed to investigate the effect of ADSC administration on CD and explore potential mechanisms on intestinal epithelial cell regeneration, Wnt signaling, and T cell immunity.", "\n\nResearch methods\n----------------\n\nWistar rats were administered with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) to establish a rat model of CD, followed by tail injections of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-modified ADSCs. ", "After tracing *in vivo* ADSC distribution, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were used to detect changes in the Wnt signaling pathway, T cell subtypes, and their related cytokines.", "\n\nResearch results\n----------------\n\nThe isolated cells showed the characteristics of ADSCs, including spindle-shaped morphology, high expression of CD29, CD44, and CD90, low expression of CD34 and CD45, and osteogenic/adipogenic ability. ", "ADSC therapy markedly reduced disease activity index and ameliorated colitis severity in the TNBS-induced rat model of CD. ", "Furthermore, serum anti-sacchromyces cerevisiae antibody and p-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody levels were significantly reduced in ADSC-treated rats. ", "Mechanistically, the GFP-ADSCs were colocalized with intestinal epithelial cells in the CD rat model. ", "GFP-ADSC delivery significantly antagonized TNBS-induced increased canonical Wnt pathway expression, decreased noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway expression, and increased apoptosis rates and protein level of cleaved caspase-3 in rats. ", "In addition, ADSCs attenuated TNBS-induced abnormal inflammatory cytokine production, disturbed T cell subtypes, and their related markers in rats.", "\n\nResearch conclusions\n--------------------\n\nSuccessfully isolated ADSCs show co-location with IEC and therapeutic effects in CD by regulating IEC proliferation, the Wnt signaling pathway, and T cell immunity.", "\n\nResearch perspective\n--------------------\n\nSystemic ADSC infusion may be a potential choice for CD therapy.", "\n\nInstitutional animal care and use committee statement: This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. ", "The animal protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and adhered to the standards articulated in Animal Research. ", "The study was reviewed and approved by Animal Experimental Ethical Inspection of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University.", "\n\nConflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.", "\n\nARRIVE guidelines statement: Authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines and prepared and revised the manuscript according to the ARRIVE guidelines.", "\n\nManuscript source: Invited manuscript\n\nPeer-review started: December 27, 2019\n\nFirst decision: February 14, 2020\n\nArticle in press: June 3, 2020\n\nSpecialty type: Gastroenterology and hepatology\n\nCountry/Territory of origin: China\n\nPeer-review report's scientific quality classification\n\nGrade A (Excellent): 0\n\nGrade B (Very good): 0\n\nGrade C (Good): C\n\nGrade D (Fair): 0\n\nGrade E (Poor): 0\n\nP-Reviewer: Scaringi S S-Editor: Liu M L-Editor: Wang TQ E-Editor: Ma YJ\n\nData sharing statement\n======================\n\nNo additional data are available.", "\n\n[^1]: Author contributions: Gao JG and Yu MS contributed equally to this work, and they designed the study and drafted the manuscript; Zhang MM, Gu XW, Ren Y, and Zhou XX performed the study; Chen D conducted the statistical analysis; Zhang MM and Yan TL provided guidance during revision; Jin X and Li YM supervised the study and provided consultation during the entire study.", "\n\n Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. ", "81770574, No. ", "81600414, and No. ", "81600447.", "\n\n Corresponding author: Xi Jin, PhD, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. ", "79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China. ", "<jxfl007@zju.edu.cn>\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Impact of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases.", "\nDipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is a novel group of medicine employed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),which improves meal stimulated insulin secretion by protecting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) from enzymatic degradation. ", "Cardiovascular diseases are serious complications and leading causes of mortality among individuals with diabetes mellitus. ", "Glycemic control per se seems to fail in preventing the progression of diabetic cardiovascular complications. ", "DPP-4 has the capability to inactivate not only incretins, but also a series of cytokines, chemokines, and neuropeptides involved in inflammation, immunity, and vascular function. ", "Pre-clinical studies suggested that DPP-4 inhibitors may have potential cardiovascular protective effects in addition to their antidiabetic actions. ", "In recent years, a number of clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effect of different DPP-4 inhibitors on the cardiovascular system. ", "We herein review the available clinical studies in cardiovascular effects played by each DPP-4 inhibitor and discuss the prospective application of DPP-4 inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Voltammetric detection of mercury and copper in seawater using a gold microwire electrode.", "\nA procedure is presented by which mercury and copper are determined simultaneously in seawater and dilute acid (0.01 M HCl) by anodic stripping voltammetry using gold microwire electrodes. ", "It was found that anion (halide) adsorption is the cause for a gradual decrease in the height and potential of the mercury peak. ", "The effect is eliminated by including an anion desorption step in the analysis at -0.8 V prior to each scan. ", "This step was found to greatly improve the stability of the scans and enabled the use of background subtraction. ", "Advantages of the microwire electrodes were a low roughness of the surface, without a need for pretreatment, and a very small diffusion layer (2 microm with stirring). ", "Under the optimized voltammetric conditions, the detection limits were 6 pM mercury and 25 pM copper using 300-s deposition. ", "These values are well below those reported previously for other electrodes including rotating disk electrodes. ", "Measurements of the influence of the major anions I-, Br-, Cl-, SO4(2-), F-, HCO3-, and B(OH)4 on the response for mercury showed that bromide and chloride are predominantly responsible for the underpotential deposition mechanism of mercury in seawater. ", "The method was applied to coastal water samples from Liverpool Bay." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nSetRootPath doesn't set work as expected\n\nI have used part of a code (PyQt5) from this post\nfrom PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTreeView,QFileSystemModel,QApplication\n\nclass Main(QTreeView):\n def __init__(self):\n QTreeView.__init__(self)\n model = QFileSystemModel()\n model.setRootPath('C:\\\\')\n self.setModel(model)\n self.doubleClicked.connect(self.test)\n\n def test(self, signal):\n file_path=self.model().filePath(signal)\n print(file_path)\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n import sys\n app = QApplication(sys.argv)\n w = Main()\n w.show()\n sys.exit(app.exec_())\n\nAnd i have a problem with this line\n\nmodel.setRootPath('C:\\')\n\nWhen i run the program it always shows drives like C: D: just not the content of C:\\ or even if i type \"C:\\Users\\\" or a path that doesn't even exists, it always just shows, see attached image, What am i doing wrong?", "\nImage of PyQt Program showing file manager \n\nI am using:\nWindows 10, \nPyCharm, \nPython 3.5, \nPyQt5, \nThanks for your help.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou must indicate to the QTreeView what is your root item with setRootIndex():\nfrom PyQt5.QtCore import QDir\n\nfrom PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTreeView,QFileSystemModel,QApplication\n\nclass Main(QTreeView):\n def __init__(self):\n QTreeView.__init__(self)\n model = QFileSystemModel()\n self.setModel(model)\n model.setRootPath(QDir.rootPath())\n self.setRootIndex(model.index(\"C:\"))\n self.doubleClicked.connect(self.test)\n\n def test(self, signal):\n file_path=self.model().filePath(signal)\n print(file_path)\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n import sys\n app = QApplication(sys.argv)\n w = Main()\n w.show()\n sys.exit(app.exec_())\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "package com.android.demo.entity;\n/*\n* Author: pancheng Email:gdpancheng@gmail.com\n* Created Date:2015年12月7日\n* Copyright @ 2015 BU\n* Description: 类描述\n*\n* History:\n*/\npublic class UpdateViewPage {\n\tpublic int getIndex() {\n\t\treturn index;\n\t}\n\n\tpublic void setIndex(int index) {\n\t\tthis.index = index;\n\t}\n\n\tprivate int index = -1;\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.009146341463414634 ]

[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe invention relates to a wireless adapter; in particular, to a wireless adapter that is rotatable and foldable.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nWireless devices enable computers to communicate with other computer devices without requiring physical access to a land line communication port. ", "One type of wireless device is a wireless adapter that is similar to a wired adapter in that it permits a computer or other device to send and receive data from external sources. ", "A wireless adapter may be installed as an adapter card or in an adapter slot such as a universal serial bus (USB) slot. ", "A wireless adapter typically consists of two major portions: a radio portion and a baseband portion.", "\nThe radio portion consists of a transmitter and a receiver. ", "The transmitter and receiver may share a common antenna via a duplexer. ", "The transmitter is responsible for generating RF signals using a baseband signal to modulate a carrier signal. ", "The receiver is responsible for producing a baseband signal from RF signals by demodulating a RF signal received at the antenna to produce a demodulated baseband signal. ", "The radio portion provides physical access to a network or connection (i.e., the wireless network). ", "An antenna is used for transmitting and receiving the electromagnetic communications signals from the air interface.", "\nThe baseband portion provides a baseband signal to the transmitter and accepts baseband signals from the radio receiver. ", "The baseband portion decodes the baseband signals to provide data (i.e., receiving data) and encodes data to provide a baseband signal for transmission by the transmitter (i.e., sending data).", "\nAs is typical of wireless adapters, a portion of the wireless adapter fits into a USB slot. ", "The adapter may consist of an integrated package or several separate components that can be attached via appropriate cabling. ", "The radio portion of the wireless adapter contains the transmitter, receiver and associated circuitry to provide for RF communications.", "\nRecently, for the convenience of the mobility of the wireless adapter, a foldable wireless adapter has been provided. ", "FIG. ", "1a shows a conventional foldable wireless adapter 10. ", "The wireless adapter 10 comprises a connecting portion 11 and an antenna 12. ", "The connecting portion 11 connects with a connector 21 of an electronic device 20 as shown in FIG. ", "1b. ", "The antenna 12 is used for transmitting and receiving the electromagnetic communications signals from the air interface, and connects with the connecting portion 11 through a shaft 13. ", "By means of the shaft 13, the antenna 12 rotates around the connecting portion 11 to fold up the entire adapter 10.", "\nSince the conventional wireless adapter 10 can be folded up, it is convenient to carry. ", "However, such adapter as 10 is not adapted for all kinds of connectors for electronic devices. ", "For example, when the connector 21 of the electronic device 20 is disposed in a manner as shown in FIG. ", "1b, the wireless adapter 10 can be disposed on the electronic device 20 in a manner such that the antenna l2 of the wireless adapter 10 rotates upwardly. ", "Thus, it does not affect the signal communication. ", "However, when a connector 31 of an electronic device 30 is disposed in a manner as shown in FIG. ", "1c, the wireless adapter 30 can only be disposed on the electronic device 30 in a manner such that the antenna 12 of the wireless adapter 10 rotates rightwards and leftwards. ", "Thus, it could affect the signal communication. ", "As a result, the quality of the signal communication is affected.", "\nIn order to address the disadvantages of the aforementioned wireless adapter, the invention provides a wireless adapter that is rotatable and foldable.", "\nAnother purpose of this invention is to provide a wireless adapter that is adapted for all kinds of connectors with different angles.", "\nStill another purpose of this invention is to provide a wireless adapter that can be conveniently applied without affecting its communication quality no matter which angle of the connector of the electronic device is.", "\nAccordingly, the invention provides a wireless adapter for an electronic device. ", "The electronic device is provided with a connector, and the wireless adapter comprises a connecting assembly, an intermediate assembly, and an antenna. ", "The connecting assembly connects with the connector in a detachable manner. ", "The intermediate assembly connects with the connecting assembly in a rotatable manner. ", "The antenna connects with the intermediate assembly in a rotatable manner.", "\nIn a preferred embodiment, the intermediate assembly comprises a first base and a second base. ", "The first base holds the connecting assembly. ", "The second base is disposed on the first base in a manner such that the connecting assembly is disposed between the first base and the second base in a rotatable manner. ", "The second base connects with the antenna in a rotatable manner.", "\nFurthermore, the first base is provided with at least one first through hole, and the second base is provided with at least one hook corresponding to the first through hole. ", "Thus, the second base is combined with the first base by the hook engaging with the first through hole.", "\nIn another preferred embodiment, the connecting assembly is provided with a rotating member disposed in the intermediate assembly in a rotatable manner.", "\nFurthermore, the rotating member is provided with at least one groove, and the intermediate assembly is provided with at least one stopper. ", "Thus, when the rotating member is located in the intermediate assembly, the stopper is fitted into the groove so that the rotating member rotates within a predetermined range.", "\nFurthermore, the intermediate assembly is provided with a locating member, abutting with the rotating member, for locating the rotating member in the intermediate assembly.", "\nIn another preferred embodiment, the wireless adapter further comprises a shaft for connecting the intermediate assembly and the antenna.", "\nFurthermore, the intermediate assembly is provided with at least one second through hole for the shaft passing through.", "\nIn another preferred embodiment, the connecting assembly is electrically coupled to the antenna through the intermediate assembly.", "\nIn another preferred embodiment, the connector is a USB port, and the connecting assembly is a USB plug." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Listen as journalist and author Peter Hitchens dismantles David Cameron’s justification for intervention in the Syrian conflict." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Grand Jury returns 31 indictments\n\nThree charged with sex crimes against minors\n\nStaff Report\n\nPOMEROY — A Meigs County Grand Jury returned a total of 31 indictments against 27 individuals earlier this week, including three cases of sexual offenses committed against children, 16 drug cases, six cases of assault and domestic violence, and four cases of theft and fraud, among other cases.", "\n\nProsecutor James K. Stanley stated, that of the drug cases, seven cases involve methamphetamine, three cases involve heroin, two cases involve LSD, two cases involve marijuana, two cases involve buprenorphine, and one case each involves fentanyl, cocaine, MDMA and methylphenidate.", "\n\nThe individuals indicted include the following:\n\nSex Offenses\n\nJames Hess, 51, of Pomeroy, Ohio, was indicted for three counts of Gross Sexual Imposition, each a felony of the third degree, Gross Sexual Imposition, a felony of the fourth degree, and four counts of Rape, each a felony of the first degree. ", "Hess is alleged to have committed multiple acts of gross sexual imposition and rape involving four minor victims. ", "The Meigs County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office and the Meigs County Department of Job and Family Services investigated this matter.", "\n\nJohn Hess, Jr., 52, of Pomeroy, Ohio, was indicted for three counts of Rape, each a felony of the first degree. ", "Hess is alleged to have committed multiple acts of rape involving a minor victim. ", "The Meigs County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office and the Meigs County Department of Job and Family Services investigated this matter.", "\n\nCasey Hubbard, 29, of Racine, Ohio, was indicted for two counts of Disseminating Matter Harmful to Juveniles, each a felony of the fourth degree, one count of Gross Sexual Imposition, a felony of the fourth degree, and eight counts of Gross Sexual Imposition, each a felony of the third degree. ", "Hubbard is alleged to have caused two minor victims to view pornography. ", "Hubbard is also alleged to have engaged in multiple acts of gross sexual imposition with two minor victims. ", "The Meigs County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office and the Meigs County Department of Job and Family Services investigated this matter.", "\n\nDrug Offenses\n\nJoshua Althouse, 33, of Racine, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Methamphetamine), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Althouse is alleged to have been in possession of methamphetamine during an interaction with law enforcement in Racine. ", "The Village of Racine Police Department and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nTaylor Burge, 27, of Racine, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Heroin), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Burge is alleged to have been in possession of heroin during a traffic stop on Carmel Road. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nRonald Campbell, 34, of Langsville, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Marijuana), a felony of the third degree, and Cultivation of Marijuana, a felony of the third degree. ", "Campbell is alleged to have cultivated and possessed marijuana at his residence, which was discovered while deputies responded to an unsubstantiated report of arson. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nThurien Carter, 32, of Pomeroy, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Methamphetamine), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Carter is alleged to have been in possession of methamphetamine during a traffic stop in Pomeroy. ", "The Village of Pomeroy Police Department investigated this matter.", "\n\nTimothy Cox, 22, of Glouster, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (LSD), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Cox is alleged to have been in possession of LSD at a campground near Pageville, which was discovered when deputies responded to a report of a drug overdose. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nJoshua Dixon, 39, of Jackson, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Methamphetamine), a felony of the fifth degree, and Identity Fraud, a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Dixon is alleged to have been in possession of methamphetamine and to have used another’s identity while at a business in Rutland. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nZachary Gillies, 26, of Gallipolis, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (LSD), a felony of the fifth degree, Possession of Drugs (MDMA), a felony of the fifth degree, and Possession of Drugs (Buprenorphine), a misdemeanor of the first degree. ", "Gillies is alleged to have been in possession of LSD, MDMA, and buprenorphine during a traffic stop in Rutland. ", "The Village of Rutland Police Department and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nAshley Holdren, 27, of Long Bottom, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Heroin), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Holdren is alleged to have been in possession of heroin during a law enforcement response to a call for service on State Route 248. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nShannon Nitz, 42, of Gallipolis, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Cocaine), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Nitz is alleged to have been in possession of cocaine while law enforcement responded to an emergency services call. ", "The Village of Middleport Police Department investigated this matter.", "\n\nChristopher Porter, 39, of New Haven, West Virginia, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Methamphetamine), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Porter is alleged to have been in possession of methamphetamine during an investigation at a residence in Middleport. ", "The Village of Middleport Police Department investigated this matter.", "\n\nFloyd Riffle, 57, of Middleport, Ohio, was the subject of two indictments regarding two separate offenses. ", "The first indictment included one count of Possession of Drugs (Methamphetamine), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Riffle is alleged to have been in possession of methamphetamine during a traffic stop in Middleport. ", "The second indictment included one count of Possession of Drugs (Methamphetamine), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Riffle is alleged to have been in possession of methamphetamine during the execution of a search warrant at a residence in Middleport. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nAlison Smith, 33, of Racine, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Methylphenidate), a felony of the fifth degree, Possession of Drugs (Heroin), a felony of the fifth degree, and Possession of Drugs (Fentanyl), a felony of the fifth degree, Trafficking in Drugs (Methylphenidate), a felony of the fourth degree, Trafficking in Drugs (Heroin), a felony of the fifth degree, and Trafficking in Drugs (Fentanyl), a felony of the fourth degree. ", "Smith is alleged to have trafficked and to have been in possession of methylphenidate, heroin, and fentanyl, which was discovered while Smith was taken into custody pursuant to an arrest warrant. ", "The Middleport Police Department investigated this matter.", "\n\nRonald Smith, 35, of Shade, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Marijuana, a felony of the third degree, and Cultivation of Marijuana, a felony of the third degree. ", "Smith is alleged to have cultivated and possessed marijuana at his residence near Burlingham, which was discovered during the execution of a search warrant. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nRobert Stone, 30, of Middleport, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Adderall), a felony of the fifth degree, and Possession of Drugs (Buprenorphine), a misdemeanor of the first degree. ", "Stone is alleged to have possessed Adderall and Buprenorphine during a traffic stop in Pomeroy. ", "The Pomeroy Police Department investigated this matter.", "\n\nLester Wise, 55, of Middleport, Ohio, was indicted for Possession of Drugs (Methamphetamine), a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Wise is alleged to have been in possession of methamphetamine during an investigation on Story’s Run. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Gallia-Meigs Major Crimes Task Force investigated this matter.", "\n\nAssault Offenses\n\nDaniel Barber, 31, of Reedsville, Ohio, was indicted for Felonious Assault, a felony of the second degree. ", "Barber is alleged to have caused an orbital fracture to the victim. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Meigs County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office investigated this matter.", "\n\nDavid Park, 40, of Pomeroy, Ohio was the subject of four indictments regarding four separate incidents. ", "The first indictment included one count of Domestic Violence, a felony of the fourth degree. ", "Park is alleged to have caused physical harm to his live-in partner. ", "The second indictment included one count of Domestic Violence, a felony of the fourth degree, one count of Abduction, a felony of the third degree, and one count of Assault, a misdemeanor of the first degree. ", "Park is alleged to have caused physical harm to his live-in partner, to have restrained the victim’s liberty, and to have caused physical harm to a second victim. ", "The third indictment included one count of Domestic Violence, a felony of the fourth degree. ", "Park is alleged to have caused physical harm to his live-in partner. ", "The fourth indictment included one count of Domestic Violence, a felony of the fourth degree, and one count of Resisting Arrest, a misdemeanor of the second degree. ", "Park is alleged to have caused physical harm to his live-in partner. ", "Park is also alleged to have resisted arrest while deputies attempted to take him into custody. ", "Park was previously convicted of a domestic violence offense in Arizona. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Meigs County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office investigated this matter.", "\n\nHope Sorrell, 37, of Pomeroy, Ohio, was indicted for Assault of a Peace Officer, a felony of the fourth degree, and Resisting Arrest, a misdemeanor of the second degree. ", "Sorrell is alleged to have assaulted a deputy and subsequently resisted arrest following a domestic dispute in Syracuse. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office investigated this matter.", "\n\nTheft and Fraud Offenses\n\nTerry Lambert, 26, of Langsville, Ohio, was indicted for two counts of Breaking and Entering, each a felony of the fifth degree, and two counts of Theft, each a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Lambert is alleged to have broken into a garage at a residence on State Route 124 and stolen a riding lawnmower and a weed eater. ", "Lambert is also alleged to have broken into a building owned by a church on Bradbury Road and stolen a riding lawnmower. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office investigated this matter.", "\n\nChristopher Lee, 35, of Long Bottom, Ohio, was indicted for five counts of Identity Fraud, each a felony of the fifth degree, three counts of Misuse of Credit Cards, each a misdemeanor of the first degree, four counts of Forgery, each a felony of the fifth degree, four counts of Tampering with Records, each a misdemeanor of the first degree, and one count of Securing Writings by Deception, a felony of the fourth degree. ", "Lee is alleged to have used the victim’s identity and to have forged the victim’s signature in order to open lines of credit without the victim’s knowledge. ", "Lee is also alleged to have deceived the victim into signing a loan document. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office and the Meigs County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office investigated this matter.", "\n\nWilliam Mullins, Jr., 34, of Gallipolis, Ohio, was indicted for Breaking and Entering, a felony of the fifth degree, and Theft, a misdemeanor of the first degree. ", "Mullins is alleged to have broken into a business in Middleport and to have stolen various items from that business. ", "The Middleport Police Department investigated this matter.", "\n\nScott Ogdin, 46, of Pomeroy, Ohio, was indicted for Theft, a felony of the fourth degree. ", "Ogdin is alleged to have stolen a motor vehicle from a business on State Route 124. ", "The Meigs County Sheriff’s Office investigated this matter.", "\n\nOther Offenses\n\nJoseph Lee, 33, of Pomeroy, was indicted for Non-Support of Dependents, a felony of the fifth degree. ", "Lee is alleged to have failed to make child support payments for 104 weeks out of a 104-week period. ", "Lee is alleged to owe an arrearage of $4,865.44. ", "The Meigs County Department of Job and Family Services investigated this matter.", "\n\nCrystal Mauntel, 33, of Langsville, Ohio, was indicted for Tampering with Evidence, a felony of the third degree, and Obstructing Official Business, a misdemeanor of the second degree. ", "Mauntel is alleged to have tampered with evidence and obstructed officials from performing their duties while she submitted to a drug test. ", "The Meigs County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office and the Meigs County Department of Job and Family Services investigated this matter.", "\n\nAll cases will proceed in the Meigs County Court of Common Pleas before Judge I. Carson Crow.", "\n\nFor informational purposes, possible penalties for felony offenses include: felonies of the first degree- 3-11 years in prison and up to a $20,000 fine; felonies of the second degree- 2-8 years in prison and up to a $15,000 fine; felonies of the third degree- 9-36 months in prison and up to a $10,000 fine; felonies of the fourth degree- 6-18 months in prison and up to a $5,000 fine; felonies of the fifth degree- 6-12 months in prison and up to a $2,500 fine. ", "For most felonies of the fourth and fifth degrees, sentencing guidelines found in the Ohio Revised Code require first-time offenders to be sentenced to community control unless certain conditions exist permitting the imposition of a prison sentence.", "\n\nAnyone suffering from drug addiction who wishes to enter into drug treatment and rehabilitation is urged to contact one of the local addiction services agencies. ", "Anyone who has information regarding suspected drug activity is requested to contact local law enforcement. ", "Anyone who suspects child physical or sexual abuse is urged to report such matters to local law enforcement and to the Meigs County Department of Job and Family Services. ", "Anyone who desires victim services information may contact the Meigs County Victim Assistance Program. ", "The Meigs County Prosecuting Attorney’s Office is available to assist anyone with any of these matters, stated Stanley." ]

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[ "Siran\n\nSiran may refer to:\n\nGeography\nSiran, Cantal, a commune in the department of Cantal, France\nSiran, Hérault, a commune in the department of Hérault, France\nSiran, East Azerbaijan, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran\nSiran, Markazi, a village in Markazi Province, Iran\nSiran, Shazand, a village in Markazi Province, Iran\nSiran, West Azerbaijan, a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran\nŞiran, a town in northeastern Turkey\nSiran Valley, valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan\n\nPeople\nSigiramnus (Siran, Cyran), 7th century Frankish saint\n\nSee also\n Siren (disambiguation)" ]

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[ "Nevis Premier takes 100 percent salary cut\n\nPremier of Nevis, Mark Brantley, in an unprecedented show of solidarity with the people of Nevis impacted by loss of income owing to the economic fallout from the COVID-19 global pandemic, has announced that he will forgo his entire monthly salary for the foreseeable future, the Jamaica Gleaner reports.", "\n\nOn April 22, the premier informed the public, and wider federation, that “I have since last month forgone my salary and benefits in full and shall continue to do so until we are past this crisis.” ", "Across the region and in the international arena, many leaders have recently taken 30 to 75 per cent salary cuts as government revenues dwindle.", "\n\nAs leader of the Nevis Island Administration, Premier Brantley informed that Cabinet ministers would also make a financial sacrifice to the benefit of the people.", "\n\n”We recognise the pain that this crisis has caused our people. ", "We recognise that many have lost their jobs and that the loss of income has made it difficult for some of us even to ensure that we have food to eat,” he said." ]

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[ "CONTROVERSIAL Australian author and activist Yassmin Abdel-Magied has described the “aggressive” confrontation with a US immigration officials that led to her being deported just three hours after arriving the country for a speaking engagement in New York City.", "\n\nMs Abdel-Magied revealed the unfolding drama in a series of tweets Thursday morning and saying she was on a plane after having been turned away by immigration officials in Minneapolis.", "\n\nUS authorities have said Ms Abdel-Magied had been denied entry because she “did not possess an appropriate visa”, but in a statement provided to The Project, the former engineer and Young Queenslander of the Year said she had entered the US with the same visa before without trouble.", "\n\n“They’ve deported me and cancelling my visa because they’ve deemed what I’m here to do (speak about unconscious bias) as work not business,” she said.", "\n\n“I’ve been in and spoken at companies and events on this topic on this visa numerous times without an issue, and the advice has been it wouldn’t be a problem.", "\n\n“When I asked why this was different, they just smiled and said immigration laws had too much grey area.”", "\n\nMs Abdel-Magied said the officer was aggressive, and claimed at one point said she would “shoot”.", "\n\n“When the officer got aggressive, my gut instinct to use humour kicked in,” Ms Abdel-Magied told The Project.", "\n\n“I jokingly asked if she was going to shoot me. ", "She said, ‘I will’.”", "\n\nThe London-based former ABC presenter was due to speak at the PEN World Voices Festival next week and organisers have express dismay at her deportation in a strongly worded statement.", "\n\nMs Abdel-Magied said she could not return to the US until she gets another visa.", "\n\n“Though now I”ve been deported, how hard is that going to be? ", "Maybe this is how it’s all supposed to work?” ", "she said.", "\n\nEarlier, New York Times Sydney correspondent Isabella Kwai says she spoke to Ms Abdel-Magied “right before” she was deported and was told that border agents had claimed her B1/B2 visitor visa “was the wrong visa for speakers, although she’s entered on it before to speak at events”.", "\n\nMs Kwai tweeted part of her conversation with Ms Abdel-Magied: “‘My hearts been on double time for the last three hours,” she said.", "\n\nManaged to catch @yassmin_a on the plane right before she departed back to London. ", "She says border agents told her the B1/B2 visitor visa was the wrong visa for speakers, although she's entered on it before to speak at events. — ", "Isabella Kwai (@BellaKwai) April 12, 2018\n\nMs Abdel-Magied starting tweeting her ordeal earlier this morning after border agents seized her phone and cancelled her visa shortly after touching down in Minneapolis.", "\n\n“I’m currently at the border and they’ve said I’m being deported,” she wrote. “", "This should be fun. ", "What are my rights?”", "\n\nThe former engineer and Queensland Young Australian of the Year was scheduled to appear at two events at the Pen America World Voices Festival alongside US author Amani Al-Khatahtbeh on April 18 and April 21.", "\n\nThey were due to discuss the challenges of life as young Muslim women in Western countries. ", "Ms Abdel-Magied was also supposed to take part in a panel discussion about online bullying.", "\n\nRoughly three hours since touch down in Minneapolis, I’m on a plane back. ", "Subhanallah. ", "Well, guess that tightening of immigration laws business is working, despite my Australian passport. ", "We’re taking off now. ", "What a time... — Yassmin Abdel-Magied (@yassmin_a) April 12, 2018\n\nPlane is up. ", "See y’all on the other side, inshallah. — ", "Yassmin Abdel-Magied (@yassmin_a) April 12, 2018\n\nFestival organisers reacted with fury to the news, with PEN America CEO Suzanne Nossel calling on authorities to reverse their decision and allow Ms Abdel-Magied to participate.", "\n\n“We are dismayed that an invited guest to our annual PEN World Voices Festival in New York, which starts on Monday, Yassmin Abdel-Magied, herself the founder of an organisation called Youth Without Borders, was turned away by US Immigration officials in Minneapolis, reportedly had her phone and passport seized, and was put back on a plane to Amsterdam,” Ms Nossel said in a statement.", "\n\n“Abdel-Magied is an advocate of the rights of Muslim women and refugees and is a citizen of Australia, travelling on that country’s passport.", "\n\n“The very purpose of the PEN World Voices Festival, founded after 9/11 to sustain the connectedness between the U.S. and the wider world, is in jeopardy at a time when efforts at visa bans and tightened immigration restrictions threaten to choke off vital channels of dialogue that are protected under the First Amendment right to receive and impart information through in-person cultural exchange.", "\n\n“We understand that Yassmin was travelling on a type of visa that she had used in the past for similar trips without issue. ", "We call on Customs and Border Patrol to admit her to the U.S. so that she can take her rightful place in the urgent international conversation to take place at the Festival next week.”", "\n\n\"We call on Customs and Border Patrol to admit @yassmin_a to the U.S. so that she can take her rightful place in the urgent international conversation to take place at the @PENworldvoices Festival next week.\" ", "https://t.co/QjazQRoPPH — PEN America (@PENamerican) April 12, 2018\n\nHowever, US Customs and Border Protection this afternoon issued a statement saying Ms Abdel-Magied was turned away because she did not have the correct visa.", "\n\n“During the inspection, CBP officers determined this individual did not possess the appropriate visa to receive the monetary compensation for the speaking engagements she had planned during her visit to the United States,” it said.", "\n\n“As such, she was deemed inadmissable to enter the United States for her visit, but was allowed to withdraw her application for admission.”", "\n\nThe CBP said Ms Abdel-Magied would be “eligible to reapply for future visits”.", "\n\nAustralian Citizenship Minister Alan Tudge told Sky News this morning that it was unusual for an Australian citizen to be refused a visa.", "\n\nMeanwhile, Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade has confirmed it is “ready to offer consular assistance” to Ms Abdel-Magied should she request it.", "\n\nThey’ve taken my phone, cancelled my visa and are deporting me. ", "Will follow up on messages once I understand what’s going on. ", "https://t.co/uT61v8cZXG — Yassmin Abdel-Magied (@yassmin_a) April 11, 2018\n\n** if they will let me in. ", "I’m currently at the border and they’ve said I’m being deported. ", "This should be fun. ", "What are my rights ? ", "https://t.co/fv12WoSSwf — Yassmin Abdel-Magied (@yassmin_a) April 11, 2018\n\nMs Abdel-Magied left Australia to start a new life in London following a string of controversies.", "\n\nShe first made headlines last year when she described Islam as “the most feminist religion” during a fiery debate with Australian politician Jackie Lambie on ABC’s Q & A.\n\nShe later caused controversy with an Anzac Day Facebook post saying, “Lest We Forget (Manus, Nauru, Syria, Palestine …)”, which some described as disrespectful to Australian soldiers.", "\n\nHer ABC TV show Australia Wide was axed the following month.", "\n\nIn November last year, in her first Australian television appearance since she moved overseas, she told The Project’s hosts the reaction was “surreal” and compared Australia to an “abusive boyfriend”.", "\n\n“I went from being, like, this young Queenslander of the Year and on all these kind of boards and councils and I was like the good Muslim girl, the darling. ", "Next minute it’s like everything exploded,” she said.", "\n\n“It’s not my job to criticise other countries.”", "\n\nALSO: NYC!!", "\n\n\n\nCome see me at the @penworldvoices Festival.", "\n\n\n\nI will be at No Country for Young Muslim Women on Wednesday, April 18, and Take Back the Net on Saturday, April 21. #", "PENFest Tickets are still available: https://t.co/T7XG2XfPFP pic.twitter.com/BeCyI50bkQ — Yassmin Abdel-Magied (@yassmin_a) April 9, 2018\n\nMs Abdel-Magied was born in Sudan in 1991 and migrated to Australia with her family a year later, after the government was overthrown by an Islamic military coup during the Second Sudanese Civil War.", "\n\nShe helped establish Youth Without Borders and has served on the Council for Multicultural Australia, Federal ANZAC Centenary Commemoration Youth Working Group, the 2014 Youth G20 Summit and the Council for Australian-Arab Relations.", "\n\nMs Abdel-Magied recently made her acting debut in SBS digital series Homecoming Queens.", "\n\nShe will return to Australian screens with Hijabistas! ", "a six-part series on Islamic fashion. ", "The show will air on ABC iview on May 1." ]

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[ "The prediction of relapse of schizophrenic patients using emotional data obtained from their relatives.", "\nThe capacity of anxiety and hostility outward scores derived from the content analysis of 5-minute speech samples from the relatives of patients to predict relapse or nonrelapse was tested in three distinct groups of schizophrenic patients. ", "Significantly correct predictions were made which compared favorably to the predictive capacity of ratings obtained by means of the Camberwell Family Interview. ", "The latter requires 1 to 2 hours to administer and about 1 hour to score, whereas the former method requires a tape-recorded 5-minute speech sample and up to 0.5 hour to score." ]

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[ "Enhanced Humans\n\nThis Exoskeleton Suit Is Made with Bullet-Proof Materials" ]

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[ "Software Technology Blog\n\nIs your HR Tech solution GDPR compliant?", "\n\nGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) adopted by the European Union (EU) in April 2016 to safeguard an individual’s personal data will be effective from May 2018. ", "This regulation supersedes the current Data Protection Directive (DPD) and will apply to all 28 members of the EU. ", "As a first step towards this change, organizations are evaluating their current business processes and technical controls for securing personal information. ", "It is expected that many existing processes would require changes in order to meet GDPR requirements.", "\n\nLet’s look at what various GDPR requirements would trigger changes to the HR tech software.", "\n\nConsent:\nBefore collecting any kind of personal data, the data controller must have proper consent from the data subject. ", "The consent should be very specific as to what data is to be collected and where that data is to be used. ", "Also GDPR provides additional advantage to data subject where he/she can withdraw the consent at any point of time.", "\n\nPrivacy by Design :\nGDPR insists on minimizing the privacy risks of the data. ", "Data controllers are required to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures in order to ensure that data protection principles are met.", "\n\nQuantity of data:\nAccording to GDPR, data controllers should collect only appropriate and right amount of data from data subjects. ", "For example, considering HR Tech domain, if an employer wants to get his employees’ personal data, then he should collect only relevant data and not more than that.", "\n\nRight to erasure:\nWhen the data provided by subject is no more relevant or useful to its intended purpose, then GDPR provides a right to the subjects to ask controllers to delete/erase that data. ", "Also, whenever any employee leaves any company, then after his off boarding process he can ask his employer to erase his personal data.", "\n\nRight to access:\nGDPR allows the data subjects to know whether their personal data is being processed, where and for what purpose. ", "Also on request, data controllers will need to provide an copy of personal data to the subjects in an electronic format.", "\n\nData Portability:\nThis right allows data subjects to export their own personal data from one data controller to another. ", "For example, after off boarding of any employee, GDPR allows the employee to take all his personal details in machine readable format directly from one employer to another.", "\n\nTo support above mentioned regulations, HR Tech system will have to implement different provisions in their solutions. ", "Some of them are mentioned below:\n\nShould be able to identify Personal Identifiable Information (PII) that has to be protected under GDPR.", "\n\nStore metadata information on how this PII is being processed. ", "Who can access the data, what data can be shared, where the data is stored, whether data is being accessed outside EU and which all processes are going to use the data.", "\n\nPseudonymise the data so that it is not readable without providing the additional information. ", "This additional information needs to be kept separate from the data.", "\n\nDesign the systems in such a way that only required personal information is accessible to different processes and only relevant information is shared that is required for processing\n\nStore the personal data such that it is loosely coupled with the processes and easy to be erased without impacting the system.", "\n\nPersonal information should be easily accessible by the data subjects and they should be able copy it on an electronic media.", "\n\nImplement way to detect data breach and notify to respective stake holders.", "\n\nUnder GDPR, companies will under certain circumstances be legally required to carry out a Direct Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) or Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) prior to the implementation of a technology or prior to the application of a product. ", "Under some circumstances, companies may need to appoint Data Protection Officers (DPOs) to comply with GDPR guidelines.", "\n\nHR Tech solution providers around the globe impacted due to GDPR guidelines have started adopting those changes. ", "Some basic requirements like right to erasure, data portability and privacy by design may turn out to be complete redesign of the existing solution. ", "If you have not yet started to validate your HR Tech solution with GDPR, its better than to be late.", "\n\nDisclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this blog are by individual employees and may not necessarily reflect the views of Harbinger Group. ", "Send us your feedback, comments and suggestions at\nhsplinfo@harbingergroup.com" ]

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[ "Street photography can seem daunting. ", "The idea of photographing strangers and intruding on their privacy might make you nervous, but this video by Eduardo Goye is full of tips for how to overcome this.", "\n\n\n\nGoye is quick to point out that he’s never experienced aggression from anyone while shooting on the street, and in fact 99% of the time people are happy to have their picture taken if asked.", "\n\nHowever, most of the video describes ways to capture candid photos where people aren’t aware of what’s going on.", "\n\nYou can create powerful images of strangers standing on the street on their phone. ", "Just focus, compose, and wait for them to look up. ", "They may give you a strange look, sure, but it could make the image pop. ", "Snap the photo, and move on.", "\n\nWide-angle lenses are helpful too. ", "People don’t often realize they’re even in the frame, and you can take close-up shots with a great perspective.", "\n\nEven so, Goye does stress that unless you want a particularly candid shot, there’s nothing wrong with talking to people. ", "It’s often the case that your intended subject will take your interest as a compliment. ", "After all, they stood out to you. ", "Maybe they were having a crappy day, and you’ve just brightened it up!", "\n\nBe brave, talk to people, and street photography doesn’t have to be a scary genre.", "\n\n(via Eduardo Goye via FStoppers)\n\nP.S. You can find and follow more of Goye’s content by subscribing to his YouTube channel here." ]

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[ "The IP (Internet Protocol) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a standardized architecture for providing multimedia services and voice-over-IP calls to both mobile and fixed user agents (UAs). ", "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) been standardized and governed primarily by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as a protocol for setting up and managing IMS-based calls. ", "As used herein, the terms “user agent” and “UA” might in some cases refer to mobile devices such as mobile telephones, personal digital assistants, handheld or laptop computers, and similar devices that have telecommunications capabilities. ", "Such a UA might consist of a UA and its associated removable memory module, such as but not limited to a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) that includes a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) application, a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) application, or a Removable User Identity Module (R-UIM) application. ", "Alternatively, such a UA might consist of the device itself without such a module. ", "In other cases, the term “UA” might refer to devices that have similar capabilities but that are not transportable, such as fixed line telephones, desktop computers, set-top boxes, or network nodes. ", "When a UA is a network node, the network node could act on behalf of another function such as a UA or a fixed line device and simulate or emulate the UA or fixed line device. ", "For example, for some UAs, the IMS SIP client that would typically reside on the device actually resides in the network and relays SIP message information to the device using optimized protocols. ", "In other words, some functions that were traditionally carried out by a UA can be distributed in the form of a remote UA, where the remote UA represents the UA in the network. ", "The term “UA” can also refer to any hardware or software component that can terminate a communication session that could include, but is not limited to, a SIP session. ", "Also, the terms “user agent”, “UA”, “user equipment”, “UE”, “UA”, and “node” might be used synonymously herein.", "\nSome UAs communicate in a circuit switched mode, wherein a dedicated communication path exists between two endpoints. ", "For the duration of a call or session, all data exchanged between the two endpoints travels along the single path. ", "Some UAs have the capability to communicate in a packet switched mode, wherein a data stream representing a portion of a call or session is divided into packets that are given unique identifiers. ", "The packets might then be transmitted from a source to a destination along different paths and might arrive at the destination at different times. ", "Upon reaching the destination, the packets are reassembled into their original sequence based on the identifiers.", "\nCommunications that take place via circuit switching can be said to occur in the circuit switched domain and communications that take place via packet switching can be said to occur in the packet switched domain. ", "Some UAs may be capable of communicating in both the circuit switched domain and the packet switched domain. ", "Within each domain, several different types of networks, protocols, or technologies can be used. ", "In some cases, the same network, protocol, or technology can be used in both domains. ", "The wireless communication networks may be based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), or some other multiple access scheme. ", "A CDMA-based network may implement one or more standards such as 3GPP2 IS-2000 (commonly referred to as CDMA 1x), 3GPP2 IS-856 (commonly referred to as CDMA 1xEV-DO), or 3GPP UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). ", "A TDMA-based network may implement one or more standards such as 3GPP Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or 3GPP General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).", "\nGSM is an example of a wireless network standard that uses only the circuit switching mode. ", "Examples of wireless network standards that use only packet switching include GPRS, CDMA 1x EV-DO, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), which might comply with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards such as 802.16, 802.16e, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and similar standards. ", "Examples of wireless network standards that may use both circuit switching and packet switching modes include CDMA 1x and UMTS. ", "SIP is an example of an application-layer protocol that can be used in a packet switched wireless network." ]

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[ "* The Mother of the Bride Tulipia gowns shown here represent just a samples of the selection available.", "\n\nToronto Dresses invites you to browse thoroughly the finest selection of different styles and colors of Tulipia Mother of the Bride Collection. ", "These dresses are stylish gowns you will want to wear again and again to any event or special occasion. ", "Whether you are looking for for a Formal Bridal gown, Bridesmaids dresses, Mother of the Bride / Mother of the Groom gowns or Prom dress, Tulipia's unique collection is for you! ", "Enjoy this stunning, ultra-modern collection which features beautiful designs, luxurious fabrics and finest quality." ]

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[ "Øregård Museum\n\nØregård Museum is an art museum located in Hellerup in the northern outskirts of Copenhagen, Denmark. ", "It is owned by Gentofte Municipality and holds a topographic collection of pictures from Copenhagen and the area north of the city. ", "It also hosts special exhibitions. ", "The building is a former country house built by a wealthy merchant, active in the triangle trade on the Danish West Indies.", "\n\nHistory and architecture\nØregård is a former country house built by Johannes Søbøtker, a merchant, plantation owner and shipping agent who was a partner in one of Denmark's largest trading companies and had made a fortune in sugar plantations, shipping and the lucrative triangle trade between Denmark, Danish Gold Coast and the former Danish West Indies.", "\n\nLike many of his contemporaries in trade and shipping, Søbøtker became a very wealthy member of an emerging bourgeoisie which was becoming a major force in the 19th century and was acquiring the habits that had previously been reserved for the aristocracy. ", "Over recent decades, it had become common for people to build stately summer residences north of the city while spending winters in a town mansion in Copenhagen. ", "In 1806, Søbøtker acquired a farm, Øregaard, in Hellerup and commissioned the French architect Joseph-Jacques Ramée to build a suitable country house on the property. ", "Ramée was at that time working out of Hamburg but designed a number of similar houses in the same area for other wealthy families, including Sophienholm for Constantin Brun and Hellerupgård.", "\n\nThe resulting building was a simple, white-washed Neoclassical building, typical of Ramée's work around that time. ", "Ramée also designed the surrounding park which was laid out in English style as a Romantic landscape garden with an artificial lake and grotto.", "\n\nSøbøtker maintained an extravagant lifestyle and in the same time the meagre times which followed the English Wars and the national bankruptcy in 1813 hit his business enterprises hard. ", "In 1821 he had to sell Øregård, and moved to the Danish West Indies where he settled on his estate on Saint Croix and later became governor of Saint John and Saint Thomas.", "\n\nØregård came under new ownership and was converted into a museum and was ultimately acquired by Gentofte Municipality in 1917 and converted into a museum. ", "The park was carefully renovated by Gudmund Nyeland Brandt, municipal gardener and later parks director in Hentofte from 1914 to 1841, and was converted into a public park.", "\n\nCollections and exhibitions\n\nØregård Museum holds a large topographic collection of around 3,000 pictures—oil paintings, watercolours, engravings and drawings—which depict Copenhagen and the area of the city. ", "The collection covers the period from 1750 to 1930 and contains works by both famous and not-so-famous artists. ", "A large part of the collection came from the private collection of Jacob Hegel (1851–1918). ", "He was managing director of Gyldendal, Denmark's largest publishing house, and a passionate art collector. ", "After his death, his widow, Julie Hoel, bequeathed most of the collection to Gentofte Municipality. ", "They moved it to Øregård which opened to the public in 1821.", "\n\nThe museum also hosts two to three special exhibitions a year and arranges a variety of events. ", "The special exhibitions cover both older and more modern art. ", "There is a special tradition for presenting retrospective exhibitions with artists who were underrated, or experienced adversity, in their own day. ", "Examples have been Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann, Bertha Wegmann, Marie Krøyer, Hugo Larsen, Paul Fischer and Vilhelm Hammershøi. ", "Other exhibitions relate to the history of the building, including the Danish West Indies, or to the surrounding area.", "\n\nList of owners\n 1806-1821: Johannes Søbøtker\n 1821-1833: Johan Jørgen Hunæus\n 1833-1843: Joseph Hambro\n 1843-1873: Andreas Nicolai Hansen\n 1873-1893: Alfred Hansen\n 1893-1917: Detlef Ohlsen\n 1917: Gentofte Municipality\n\nSee also\n List of museums in and around Copenhagen\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Official website\n Source\n\nCategory:Art museums and galleries in Copenhagen\nCategory:Houses completed in 1808\nCategory:Listed buildings and structures in Gentofte Municipality\nCategory:Museums in the Capital Region of Denmark\nCategory:Buildings and structures associated with the Grut Hansen family" ]

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[ "“It’s been eight years now. ", "I used to be bitter. ", "But I think those days are over. ", "Was I bitter? ", "Absolutely.”", "\n\n“It would be nice,” said Boggs, 54, who is currently the assistant baseball coach of the Wharton High School Wildcats here, wearing pinstripes. “", "Am I bitter? ", "I thought when I wore a Boston hat in the Hall of Fame I’d be up there.", "\n\nTAMPA — Wade Boggs already owns a piece of the Field of Dreams. ", "But he still dreams that the Red Sox will ease his pain and retire his No. ", "26 at Fenway Park.", "\n\nBoggs won five batting titles with the Red Sox and spent 11 of his 18 big league seasons in Boston. ", "He hoped his father would live to see his number join Ted Williams’s No. ", "9 up on the right field facade. ", "But Winn Boggs died in 2009.", "\n\n\nWilliams was Winn’s hero. ", "A Marine, Winn once gave young Wade a copy of the classic Williams book, “The Science of Hitting.” ", "The Splendid Splinter once saw a photograph of an 18-month-old Boggs swinging a baseball bat and declared that he had “an absolutely perfect swing.’’", "\n\nWilliams hit .361 at Fenway Park, but Boggs hit .369 there.", "\n\nBut the Red Sox, who inducted Boggs into their team Hall of Fame in 2004, won’t go the distance.", "\n\n“They told me there’s criteria,” he said. “", "You have to end your career as a Red Sox.”", "\n\nBoggs left the Red Sox in 1992 and won a World Series with the Yankees in 1996. ", "The 12-time All-Star got his 3,000th hit — a home run — as a Tampa Bay Devil Ray in 1999, and they retired his number 12 the following year.", "\n\nBoston fans still cringe at the indelible image of a giddy Boggs riding on horseback with a police officer at Yankee Stadium, an index finger jabbing skyward. ", "Not exactly Carlton Fisk waving his 1975 World Series home run fair. ", "But Fisk, who played more seasons for the White Sox than the Red Sox, eventually was hired back as a special assistant in Boston, and his No. ", "27 has been retired at Fenway.", "\n\n\nBoggs says he never wanted to leave.", "\n\n“Mrs. Yawkey called me and Debbie over in the parking lot in 1991 after the last game,” said Boggs. “", "She said, ‘Wade I want you to follow in the same steps as Ted and Carl [Yastrzemski]. ", "I want you to be a Red Sox for life.’", "\n\n“I said, ‘Mrs. Yawkey, that would make me extremely happy.’ ", "She said, ‘Would seven years, $35 million be adequate?’ ", "I said, ‘I’ll sign it right now.’ ", "But then she slips in the tub, she dies, and everything washes away.”", "\n\nThe new brass took the offer off the table. ", "Boggs signed a three-year, $11 million deal with the Yankees in December 1992 and played five seasons in New York.", "\n\nBut he missed hitting at Friendly Fenway.", "\n\n“You took away the greatest place in the world to hit,” he said. “", "You said, ‘There’s the door — don’t let it hit you on the way out.’ ”", "\n\nAccording to Boggs, former Red Sox CEO John Harrington eventually apologized to him at a reunion.", "\n\nAnswering his critics\n\nThe number 26 has been issued to more than a dozen players since Boggs left the Sox.", "\n\n“Lou Gorman gave my number to a nonroster player the year after I left,” he said.", "\n\n\nBoggs is still superstitious. ", "Before a recent game for the high school team he helps coach, he scheduled stretching for 5:57 p.m. STAN GROSSFELD/GLOBE STAFF\n\nLou Merloni, Wes Chamberlain, and the immortal Chris Snopek all have worn it. ", "Scott Podsednik wore No. ", "26 last year.", "\n\nThis spring, Brock Holt, an infielder acquired from Pittsburgh, was assigned the number. ", "He didn’t ask for it, he says. ", "And when he tweeted the news, he received obscene messages from some Sox fans in return.", "\n\nBoggs wonders about Rogers Clemens’s No. ", "21, which never has been given out since he left the Red Sox in 1996, though it hasn’t been officially retired by the team.", "\n\n“I think his jersey is retired, isn’t it?” ", "said Boggs. “", "They’ve never given it to anybody.”", "\n\nHe dodges a question about whether he would vote for Clemens for the Hall of Fame.", "\n\n“I don’t vote, the writers vote,” he said. ", "But then he added, “He was found not guilty of lying. ", "He was not found not guilty of using steroids.”", "\n\nBoggs says he never needed steroids, even after his average dipped to a career-worst .259 in 1992.", "\n\nAnd he has no sympathy for Alex Rodriguez.", "\n\n“It’s a shame he got a half-billion dollars to play baseball,” said Boggs.", "\n\nHe thinks Kevin Youkilis, another Red Sox third baseman who wound up with the Yankees, will flourish in pinstripes.", "\n\n“He’s a hard-nosed, nose-to-the-ground player,” said Boggs. “", "New York is going to love him. ", "He’s a gamer.”", "\n\nHe’s still angry at former teammate Oil Can Boyd, who called Boggs a bigot.", "\n\n“You don’t think Jim Rice or Don Baylor would’ve beat my ass if I was?” ", "he said.", "\n\n\nSome of his critics, including teammates, have said that Boggs was selfish, obsessed with individual statistics. ", "That makes the Chicken Man furious.", "\n\n“My job was to get on base to score runs,” he said. “", "I was Billyball before Billyball. ", "I got on base 300 times a year.”", "\n\nHe is just getting warmed up.", "\n\n“The old saying was, ‘Boggs never drives in any runs.’ ", "I played in 155 games. ", "I led off. ", "That’s 155 plate appearance where I come up with nobody on.”", "\n\nThere were charges that he sat out at the end of the 1986 season to win a batting title against the Yankees’ Don Mattingly.", "\n\n“They don’t know what they’re talking about,” said Boggs. “", "Dr. [Arthur] Pappas stuck his thumb in my hamstring and I had a big hole in it. ", "Nobody talks about the broken foot I played with or those two broken ribs I played with all year.’’", "\n\nThere was the embarrassing Margo Adams palimony lawsuit, which culminated in 1989 with Barbara Walters interviewing Wade and his wife Debbie on national television.", "\n\n“Rod Carew told me once that for those that know you, no explanation is necessary, and for those that don’t know you, none is possible,” said Boggs. “", "That’s the philosophy I live by.”", "\n\n‘Dream’ project\n\nBoggs said he and his agent have approached Red Sox CEO Larry Lucchino and principal owner John Henry about a public relations role with the Sox, similar to the one Johnny Pesky had.", "\n\n\n“We gave them a number, they gave us a number, and neither number worked,” said Boggs. “", "It was very time-consuming for not a lot of money.”", "\n\nSo when the opportunity came to invest in the Field of Dreams — the iconic baseball diamond carved out of a cornfield for the 1989 Kevin Costner movie — Boggs journeyed to Dyersville, Iowa.", "\n\n“Ah, I had goose bumps,” he said. “", "It tears you up a little bit. ", "It’s emotional. ", "I mean, it’s everything that everybody dreams of. ", "It’s playing with your dad in your backyard.”", "\n\nBoggs is part of an investment group called Go The Distance Baseball, which recently purchased the 193-acre site for $3.4 million. ", "The group plans to develop it as a mecca for tournament travel baseball. ", "The original farmhouse and field will be preserved, just as they appeared in the film.", "\n\nPlans are to build a $45 million complex of 24 baseball and softball fields, an indoor training center, and clubhouse space for 72 teams, including lodging. ", "The first-phase grand opening is scheduled for May 2014.", "\n\n“We’re going to leave the cornfield up, where the kids walk through the corn to their fields,” said Boggs. “", "It’s just going to be a neat project.”", "\n\nBoggs is the face of the investment group, which is headed by Chicago real estate developer Denise Stillman and her husband, attorney Michael Stillman. ", "The original owners, Don and Becky Lansing, will stay on as long as they like.", "\n\nIf they build it, Boggs believes, people will come.", "\n\n“When I was approached with this concept, I was skeptical at first, because Cooperstown has the perfect model of this,” he said. “", "Then I started thinking. ", "It gives the people on the West Coast a viable option and they don’t have to drive all the way across the United States. ", "It made perfect sense.”", "\n\nThe group is still seeking investors. ", "Actor Matthew Perry came on board at the end of January. ", "Costner has been invited to perform with his band. ", "Boggs says he will conduct baseball clinics there.", "\n\n“Hopefully, people will learn now that Shoeless Joe Jackson was a lefthanded hitter and not a righthanded hitter,” he said with a laugh, referencing a factual error in the movie.", "\n\nOld-school baseball\n\nBoggs loves baseball in its purest sense. ", "He is content to coach the high school team his son played for 12 years ago for zero money. ", "Boggs also helped finance the high school field.", "\n\n“I just enjoy it,” he said. “", "It’s 10 minutes from my house. ", "I like the atmosphere. ", "I still put on the uniform and don’t have to travel.”", "\n\nHe also singlehandedly stopped the water moccasin problem in the swamp behind left field.", "\n\n“I went out there with the fungo bat, one shot, top of the head. ", "Done,” said Boggs. “", "There’s also two alligators back there. ", "I like alligator meat. ", "Tastes like chicken.”", "\n\nHe still eats chicken five times a week.", "\n\n“Not free range,” he says “Good ol’ Publix chicken.”", "\n\nBefore a recent high school game, Boggs schedules stretching for exactly 5:57 p.m. He then gets every player to tug on a knotted rope while they warm up. ", "A team-building exercise, he said.", "\n\n“In case you fall off the cliff, your teammate pulls you back to safety,” he said. “", "Everyone pulls for each other.”", "\n\nClose to game time, Boggs grabs a bat and hits fungoes. ", "His hair is perfect.", "\n\nAlex Kranick, the third baseman, looks over at Coach Boggs and smiles.", "\n\n“The other day, he was telling me don’t stick my butt out in the batter’s box, and it worked,” said Kranick. “", "I got a hit. ", "What he tells you works every time.", "\n\n“To us, he’s not a Hall of Famer, he’s just Coach Boggs.”", "\n\nStan Grossfeld can be reached at grossfeld@globe.com." ]

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[ "import { getValueByPath } from 'element-ui/src/utils/util';\n\nexport const getCell = function(event) {\n let cell = event.target;\n\n while (cell && cell.tagName.toUpperCase() !", "== 'HTML') {\n if (cell.tagName.toUpperCase() === 'TD') {\n return cell;\n }\n cell = cell.parentNode;\n }\n\n return null;\n};\n\nconst isObject = function(obj) {\n return obj !", "== null && typeof obj === 'object';\n};\n\nexport const orderBy = function(array, sortKey, reverse, sortMethod, sortBy) {\n if (!", "sortKey && !", "sortMethod && (!", "sortBy || Array.isArray(sortBy) && !", "sortBy.length)) {\n return array;\n }\n if (typeof reverse === 'string') {\n reverse = reverse === 'descending' ? ", "-1 : 1;\n } else {\n reverse = (reverse && reverse < 0) ? ", "-1 : 1;\n }\n const getKey = sortMethod ? ", "null : function(value, index) {\n if (sortBy) {\n if (!", "Array.isArray(sortBy)) {\n sortBy = [sortBy];\n }\n return sortBy.map(function(by) {\n if (typeof by === 'string') {\n return getValueByPath(value, by);\n } else {\n return by(value, index, array);\n }\n });\n }\n if (sortKey !", "== '$key') {\n if (isObject(value) && '$value' in value) value = value.$value;\n }\n return [isObject(value) ? ", "getValueByPath(value, sortKey) : value];\n };\n const compare = function(a, b) {\n if (sortMethod) {\n return sortMethod(a.value, b.value);\n }\n for (let i = 0, len = a.key.length; i < len; i++) {\n if (a.key[i] < b.key[i]) {\n return -1;\n }\n if (a.key[i] > b.key[i]) {\n return 1;\n }\n }\n return 0;\n };\n return array.map(function(value, index) {\n return {\n value: value,\n index: index,\n key: getKey ? ", "getKey(value, index) : null\n };\n }).sort(function(a, b) {\n let order = compare(a, b);\n if (!", "order) {\n // make stable https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability\n order = a.index - b.index;\n }\n return order * reverse;\n }).map(item => item.value);\n};\n\nexport const getColumnById = function(table, columnId) {\n let column = null;\n table.columns.forEach(function(item) {\n if (item.id === columnId) {\n column = item;\n }\n });\n return column;\n};\n\nexport const getColumnByCell = function(table, cell) {\n const matches = (cell.className || '').match(/el-table_[^\\s]+/gm);\n if (matches) {\n return getColumnById(table, matches[0]);\n }\n return null;\n};\n\nexport const getRowIdentity = (row, rowKey) => {\n if (!", "row) throw new Error('row is required when get row identity');\n if (typeof rowKey === 'string') {\n if (rowKey.indexOf('.') ", "< 0) {\n return row[rowKey];\n }\n let key = rowKey.split('.');", "\n let current = row;\n for (let i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {\n current = current[key[i]];\n }\n return current;\n } else if (typeof rowKey === 'function') {\n return rowKey.call(null, row);\n }\n};\n" ]

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[ "ResearchA Specific Vehicle\n\nToyota Supra\n\nThe Toyota Supra was a spinoff of the Celica when it was first introduced. ", "In fact, the car was called the Celica Supra before the Celica tag was dropped from the name. ", "The Supra was a distinct improvement over the Celica, providing the power of an inline six-cylinder engine to the mix.", "\n\nThe Toyota Supra was discontinued in 1998 due to a drop in sales. ", "As of 2012, rumors have flown that a new Supra is in the works, but no official announcement was made. ", "Motor Trend reports that rumors of a 400 horsepower, 3.5-liter V-6 hybrid power Supra is in the works and may be released in 2015. ", "For a lot of Supra fans, this is welcome news, but reports are still hazy.", "\n\nThe Toyota Supra is still known as a desirable performance vehicle on the used market. ", "The early models do not have as much to offer as the third generation, when the nameplate really started to come into its own. ", "By the time the fourth and fifth generation models were released, the Supra was one of the best performance vehicles on the market during the 1990s.", "\n\nThe vehicle was and is a desirable car for car enthusiasts who like to tweak their engines into super powered monsters. ", "The last Supra was made in the 1998 model year.", "\n\nToyota Supra Features\n\nThe first Toyota Supra was under the Toyota Celica name, which was released in 1979. ", "The original model was based on the Celica hatchback. ", "The Supra has a few differences, sporting a 2.6-liter inline six-cylinder and Toyota’s first electronic fuel injection. ", "A 2.8-liter single overhead cam was introduced in 1981 with a four-speed automatic transmission option for those who didn’t want the five-speed manual.", "\n\nThe second generation Celica Supra was introduced in 1982. ", "The new 2.8-liter inline six-cylinder was a bit more powerful, producing 145 horsepower. ", "Two trim lines were available, although both vehicles shared the same engine and mechanics. ", "The L-Type was the base model. ", "The Performance version had fender flares, wider wheels, and better tires as well as sporty flashes. ", "The second generation stayed the same throughout this run, although the horsepower was improved to 160 in 1984.", "\n\nToyota Supra Evolution\n\nThe Supra was introduced as its own, specific nameplate in 1986. ", "This was because the Celica was changed to a front-wheel drive vehicle, while the Supra remained rear-wheel. ", "A 3.0-liter engine with 200 horsepower was introduced, but some of the power was offset by the increase of weight; it was nearly 500 pounds heavier than the previous generation. ", "A year later, a super-powered engine that produced 230 horsepower could accelerate from zero to 60 mph in about seven to eight seconds.", "\n\nThe fourth generation Supra was sold between 1993 and 1998 and saw a big increase in power and change in style. ", "The nose sloped to make it more aerodynamic and the body was softer and curved. ", "It was still a rear-wheel drive hatchback, however.", "\n\nThe base model had an impressive 3.0-liter, 24-valve, inline-six engine. ", "This monster produced 220 horsepower with 215 lb-ft of torque. ", "A five-speed manual transmission and a four-speed automatic were available. ", "A Supra Turbo line was also introduced, which had an improved 3.0-liter that produced 320 horsepower. ", "The car could go zero to 60 mph in around five seconds, a great improvement over the previous generation. ", "The Turbo also had a sport tuned suspension system and 17-inch aluminum alloy wheels. ", "A six-speed manual was also introduced at this time for greater control.", "\n\nFew changes were made throughout the fourth generation run. ", "The base model received greater power at takeoff because of an improved drive ratio. ", "The Turbo had to give up the six-speed transmission in 1996 due to new regulations, but got it back in 1997 after a redesign. ", "Big upgrades were given in 1997 as well.", "\n\nIf you are looking for a used version, these late model vehicles are a good choice. ", "It’s very reliable as long as regular oil changes were made throughout the car’s lifetime. ", "Resale on the Supra can be high because of its reliability and performance. ", "Check the owner’s history before buying to ensure there weren’t any bad modifications made to the engine, which sometimes happens due to the adaptability. ", "The third generation models do have a problem with blown gaskets if the oil was not regularly changed. ", "Always check the owner’s records before purchasing a used Supra.", "\n\nThe Supra can be a speed demon’s dream. ", "Heavily modified Supra models are used for racing throughout the world. ", "A Supra model even performed in the All-Japan Grand Touring Championship and performed quite well." ]

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[ "(a) Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a system and method of monitoring the condition of coolant (e.g., anti-freeze) solution and informs the driver when it is necessary to replace or add coolant solution accordingly.", "\n(b) Description of the Related Art\nAs a vehicle is being operated, coolant solution is continually flushed throughout the system. ", "As a result, this solution continuously decreases over time. ", "Accordingly, users typically add coolant solution (e.g., anti-freeze) to the vehicle at their discretion.", "\nGenerally, when coolant/anti-freeze solution is replenished, it may be difficult to accurately detect the conductivity of the coolant solution, especially when distilled-water is added. ", "This makes it is hard to determine the condition of coolant solution via conductivity. ", "Alternatively, in some cases, when coolant solution is added incorrectly. ", "In doing so, the freezing point of coolant solution is increased and thus, the coolant solution then may become frozen in the winter. ", "As a result, the cooling system of a fuel cell or an engine cannot be normally operated when this occurs.", "\nGenerally, conductivity of liquid is changed depending on its temperature and the kind of substance the liquid is made up of. ", "Thus, determining the conductivity of an coolant solution can be difficult and thus there is a need for a process which is able to accurately detect the temperature and conductivity of the coolant solution (e.g., anti-freeze) in a vehicle\nThe above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art." ]

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[ "The Cubs and Geovany Soto avoided salary arbitration as the big catcher signed a 1-year, $3 million deal. ", "Soto turns 28 later this month and had a nice “bounce-back” year in 2010 with a .280 batting average and .393 on-base percentage (62 walks and only 82 K’s), 17 home runs and 53 RBI’s in 105 games. ", "His season was cut short when he had arthroscopic surgery on his right shoulder in September. ", "Soto is expected to be fully healthy for 2011 Spring Training in February.", "\n\nSoto was the National League Rookie of the Year back in 2008 when the Cubs had the most prolific offense in the NL. ", "That year, Soto hit .285 with 23 dingers and 86 RBI’s. ", "But injuries hampered Soto in 2009 as he struggled with a .218 batting average. ", "He played in just 103 games in 2009 and had a career-low .321 on-base percentage. ", "Let’s hope the positive trend continues for Soto in 2011. ", "The Cubs need the catcher to be a consistent offensive threat in the middle of the lineup to provide a little extra protection for Aramis Ramirez, Marlon Byrd, Carlos Pena and Tyler Colvin.", "\n\nThe Cubs now have just 3 other players who are arbitration-eligible — Sean Marshall, Carlos Marmol and Matt Garza. ", "It looks like the Cubs have traded Tom Gorzelanny to the Washington Nationals, so they will not have to come to terms with the lefty before the deadline. ", "More on the Gorzelanny trade as details are confirmed." ]

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[ "Closed neural tube defects in children with caudal regression.", "\nInfants born with caudal regression (CR) may have serious multisystem abnormalities that require prompt attention in the neonatal period. ", "The presence of a closed neural tube defect (NTD) that can lead to future neurological deterioration may be overlooked. ", "An IRB-approved retrospective review was conducted among patients with CR and a closed NTD that underwent neurosurgical operative intervention between 1996 and 2012 at a single institution. ", "Twenty-two patients who met the above criteria were identified. ", "Of this group, 13 were identified and surgically addressed in the first year of life; however, nine additional children were diagnosed with a closed NTD after a year of age with progressive neurological deterioration. ", "Of the entire group, none had any cutaneous markers that are often seen with a closed NTD. ", "The frequent finding of a closed NTD associated with major CR abnormalities, even in the absence of any cutaneous markers for dysraphism, recommends that infants with CR undergo a MRI screening in early infancy to exclude the presence of a closed NTD." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow can I set a default value for a TimeSpan setting in VIsual Studio to >=24 hours?", "\n\nIn the visual studio settings box it is possible to create a setting of type TimeSpan. ", "I'm trying to make it default to >=24 hours. ", "The annoying behaviour is that:\n23:00:00 equates to 23 hours (same as TimeSpan.", "Parse)\n24:00:00 equates to 768 hours (= 24 days) (same as TimeSpan.", "Parse)\nIf I enter 1:0:0:0 visual studio changes this value to 1.0:0:0 which equates to 1 hour (TimeSpan.", "Parse equates this to 24 hours which is what I want)\nThe TimeSpan type is nice because it allows type safety to be enforced and the user is able to edit a nicer looking representation (albeit possibly more confusing due to the 23:00:00/24:00:00 behaviour which is somewhat counterintuitive to me), but I can't see how to do this and allow >= 24 hour TimeSpans\n\nA:\n\nI think you are looking at wrong property - Hours is hours of the day, while you seem to be interested in TotalHours. ", "I.e. you sample give 24 hours (1 day) as expected:\nTimeSpan.", "Parse(\"1.00:00:00\").TotalHours == 24\nTimeSpan.", "Parse(\"2.01:00:00\").TotalHours == 49\n\n" ]

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[ "Viva il cinema!", "\n\nViva il cinema! ", "is a 1952 Italian comedy film directed by Giorgio Baldaccini and Enzo Trapani.", "\n\nCast\n Delia Scala: Palmina \n Fiorenzo Fiorentini: Tonino \n Virgilio Riento: Gambalesta\n Corrado Alba: Ugo \n Marilyn Buferd: Tina \n Carlo Campanini: Sé stesso \n Walter Chiari: Sé stesso \n Bruno Corelli: Mario \n Lianella Carell: Gertrude Edelweiss \n Carlo Dapporto: Ferdinando D'Alba \n Nyta Dover: Franca \n Jole Fierro: Paola \n Dante Maggio: Ciccillo \n Nino Manfredi: Amico di Tonino \n Lois Maxwell\n Marisa Merlini: Jacqueline \n Alberto Sorrentino: Giovanni\n Silvana Pampanini: Herself\n Enzo Cerusico\n Checco Durante\n Arnoldo Foà: Producer \n Guglielmo Inglese\n Luigi Pavese\n Enrico Luzi\n Enzo Maggio \n Paul Muller\n Rossana Podestà\n Luisa Rivelli \n Giacomo Rondinella\n Gisella Sofio\n\nExternal links\n \n\nCategory:1952 films\nCategory:Italian films\nCategory:Italian-language films\nCategory:Italian comedy films\nCategory:1950s comedy films" ]

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[ "ACACB\n\nAcetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 also known as ACC-beta or ACC2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACACB gene.", "\n\nFunction \n\nAcetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ", "ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. ", "ACC-beta is thought to control fatty acid oxidation by means of the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid uptake and oxidation by mitochondria. ", "ACC-beta may be involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, rather than fatty acid biosynthesis.", "\n\nClinical implications \n\nHuman acetyl-CoA carboxylase has recently become a target in the design of new anti-obesity drugs. ", "However, when the gene for ACC2 was knocked out in mice, no change in body weight was observed relative to normal mice. ", "This result suggests inhibition of ACC2 by drugs may be an ineffective method of treating obesity.", "\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\n \n\nCategory:EC 6.4.1\nCategory:Human proteins" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAdjust insets of a specific section in UICollectionView\n\ninsetForSectionAtIndex (on DelegateFlowLayout) enables one to set insets for all cells within a section\nsectionInset (on FlowLayout) enables one to set insets that applies to all sections.", "\n\nHowever, I am looking for a way of applying insets to only one specific section - is this possible?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou must have to implement UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout to your class with this method:\nFor Swift 4\nfunc collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, insetForSectionAt section: Int) -> UIEdgeInsets {\n\n var edgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets()\n if section == THE_SECTION_YOU_WANT {\n // edgeInsets configuration stuff\n }\n\n return edgeInsets;\n}\n\nFor Swift 3\nfunc collectionView(collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, insetForSectionAtIndex section: Int) -> UIEdgeInsets {\n\n var edgeInsets = UIEdgeInsets()\n if section == THE_SECTION_YOU_WANT {\n // edgeInsets configuration stuff\n }\n\n return edgeInsets;\n\n}\n\n" ]

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[ "Gay chatroom manchat\n\nBeav and Ray were the only competitors to sit this one out both collecting 0 points. ", "Here is the score card…. ", "What do you see? ", "Drew went first… with his right hand… 1 shot penalty — See above rules. ", "Yes, my password is: Stubbsy is having a troublesome morning.", "\n\nGaymers Discussions:\n\nTo get started, our competitors would need to down a pint of Fosters followed by a shot of Sambuca. ", "Ian took this time to contact Jamie to find out what time he was meeting us. ", "Ryan Day. ", "Funny Discussions:" ]

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[ "Statistical analysis of expressed sequence tags.", "\nExpressed sequence tag (EST) surveys are an efficient way to characterize large numbers of genes from an organism. ", "The rate of gene discovery in an EST survey depends on the degree of redundancy of the cDNA libraries from which sequences are obtained. ", "We consider statistics for the comparison of EST libraries based upon the frequencies with which genes occur in subsamples of reads. ", "These measures are useful in determining which of the libraries, having a large proportion of genes in common, is more likely to yield new genes in future reads. ", "We also present tests, with multiple corrections adjustments, for whether genes are equally represented or expressed in a pair of libraries." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Bioreactor for mammalian cell culture.", "\nPurpose of this article is to review the current status of bioreactor design for mammalian cell culture. ", "Morphological and biochemical features of two major mammalian cell groups, anchorage-dependent and independent cells are proposed as a basis for different behavior at their cultivation. ", "Different bioreactor configurations are systematically discussed through enumerating elementary physical phenomena and through stressing their physiological significance. ", "Special considerations are given to those areas which are inherent to mammalian cell bioreactor." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "A little-known microtubule-binding protein promotes cell migration during development. ", "Werner et al. ", "find that the protein, CLAMP, stabilizes microtubules at the front of crawling cells and enables the cells to fit in when they reach their new home ([@bib1]).", "\n\n**FOCAL POINT**  Brian Mitchell (left), Michael Werner (center), and colleagues (not pictured) determined how the Par complex and the microtubule-stabilizing protein CLAMP allow internal cells to move to the outer layer of the embryo. ", "The image on the right shows the result of depleting CLAMP with a morpholino. ", "Arrows indicate multiciliated cells (blue) that migrated to the embryo's surface but failed to integrate with the cells already there (red).PHOTOS COURTESY OF JENNIFER MITCHELL (MITCHELL) AND ELIZABETH ROSS (WERNER)Embryonic cells and cancer cells often travel far from their birthplace and may have to traverse barriers to reach their destinations. ", "During *Xenopus* development, two types of cells that are born in an interior layer of the embryo---multiciliated cells and ionocytes---perform a maneuver called radial intercalation. ", "They head for the embryo's surface, where they force aside cells in the outer layer and then interlock with their new neighbors ([@bib2]).", "\n\nMigrating cells often relocate their centrioles to a position between the nucleus and the front end of the cell, and they typically stabilize microtubules aligned with the axis of movement. ", "Proteins of the Par complex---which include Par3, Par6, and aPKC---stimulate cell migration, and previous studies suggested that they promote centrosome relocation and microtubule stabilization ([@bib3], [@bib4]). ", "Werner et al. ", "delved further into the functions of the Par proteins during radial intercalation.", "\"\"This protein is really important for stabilizing microtubules in a subcellularly restricted manner.\"\"", "\n\nThe researchers engineered embryos to manufacture a dominant-negative version of Par3 that blocks the protein's function. ", "Multiciliated cells contain numerous centrioles that help form cilia. ", "But in multiciliated cells expressing dominant-negative Par3, centrioles failed to gather at the front, apical side of the cells. ", "Moreover, 80% of the cells could not manage radial intercalation. ", "A morpholino that depletes cells of Par3 produced the same effect, suggesting that the Par complex is essential for radial intercalation.", "\n\nStable microtubules are also necessary, the researchers found. ", "They observed that these microtubules concentrated at the apical end of migrating multiciliated cells and that dosing embryos with nocodazole, which breaks down microtubules, drastically reduced the number of cells reaching the outer layer.", "\n\nFurther experiments showed that the Par complex was necessary for microtubule stabilization. ", "To find out how the Par complex interacts with microtubules, the researchers went fishing for binding partners of aPKC. ", "They reeled in CLAMP, a microtubule-binding protein mainly studied in sperm flagella. ", "Werner et al. ", "showed that CLAMP stabilized microtubules in vitro and in cells. ", "For example, a morpholino that depleted cells of CLAMP reduced microtubule stability in cells of the embryo's outer layer. ", "It had an even larger effect on multiciliated cells that were in the process of intercalating, cutting the amount of acetylation---a marker of microtubule stability---by 60%. ", "Losing CLAMP didn't prevent multiciliated cells from differentiating, but they remained trapped in the interior of the embryo.", "\n\nThe discovery of CLAMP's role raises a further question: how does the protein preferentially stabilize microtubules in the correct part of the cell? ", "Werner et al. ", "noticed that Par complexes amass in the apical portion of multiciliated cells, and they determined that CLAMP also localizes there. ", "This finding suggests that the Par complex helps position CLAMP so that it can act on microtubules at the leading edge of a migrating cell.", "\n\nThe study reveals that CLAMP has a bigger influence than researchers suspected. \"", "This protein is really important for stabilizing microtubules in a subcellularly restricted manner,\" says senior author Brian Mitchell. ", "When researchers think about the cytoskeleton in a migrating cell, they tend to think of actin, he says. \"", "In this context, it turns out that microtubules are also critical.\" ", "One question that remains to be answered, he adds, is how cells regulate CLAMP to stabilize microtubules at the right time. ", "It's also unclear if cancer cells depend on CLAMP as they seek out new homes and barge through cellular barriers.", "\n\n[^1]: Text by Mitch Leslie\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Conservative management of iatrogenic oesophageal perforations--a viable option.", "\nIatrogenic Oesophageal perforations are a dreaded complication and there is no consensus as to their best management. ", "The aim of our study was to assess the results of conservative management in these cases. ", "Twenty-six patients with iatrogenic perforations of the oesophagus treated over a 10-year period were reviewed retrospectively. ", "They were managed conservatively by keeping them nil by mouth on intravenous fluids and intravenous antibiotics. ", "Out of these 26, nine were patients of carcinoma of the oesophagus while the remaining 17 had benign pathologies. ", "Twenty-two were diagnosed within 6h, while the remaining four were diagnosed over 24h after perforation. ", "Twenty-three of the 26 were caused by oesophageal dilatations. ", "Twenty-two (84.6%) of the 26 survived on this regimen. ", "Out of the four that died, two had advanced carcinomas and died of chest complications, one died of a myocardial infarction and the fourth was an old debilitated man who died of renal failure. ", "All four who died had extension of the leak into the pleural cavity. ", "Early diagnosis and treatment is of critical importance and is only possible by maintaining a high index of suspicion. ", "Conservative management when applied to cases of iatrogenic oesophageal perforations gives results comparable to or better that those reported in series where early surgical intervention was practised. ", "Extension of the leak into the pleura carries a worse prognosis." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "\nNew 5G flaws can track phone locations and spoof emergency alerts - kumaranvpl\nhttps://techcrunch.com/2019/11/12/5g-flaws-locations-spoof-alerts/\n======\nllarsson\nGiven how common government surveillance is these days, enabled especially by\ncertain companies that consider themselves pioneers in the 5G space, I am not\noverly convinced that this functionality is unintentional.", "\n\nInteresting how the GSMA claim that these vulnerabilities are \"judged as nil\nor low-impact in practice\". ", "It doesn't sound like low-impact if used to target\nspecific people.", "\n\n~~~\nrusk\n> Interesting how the GSMA claim\n\nThe GSMA is an industry body for coordinating interoperating standards. ", "You\ncouldn’t even say it has been “compromised” because it doesn’t really have any\nsocial mandate.", "\n\n~~~\nNokinside\nGSMA represents network operators. ", "They don't coordinate standard.", "\n\n3GPP makes the spec and sends it for ITU for ratification. ", "3GPP has 7\norganizational partners: USA represented by ATIS, ETSI for EU and CCSA for\nChina. ", "GSMA is one of the 17 invited market representation partners who can\nprovide advice and participate in consensus decision making but have no vote.", "\n\n~~~\nrusk\nSure. ", "But the substance of what I was saying still stands no?", "\n\n------\njeltz\nAnyone doing this would of course risk jail time but I wonder if not the only\nthing which would force them to fix the security issues in the cell phone\nprotocols would be some large scale attacks from ordinary citizens. ", "The cell\nphone protocols just seem like a total mess with security issues left in them\nfor legacy reasons and various vulnerabilities used by police forces.", "\n\n~~~\nnkrisc\n> Anyone doing this would of course risk jail time\n\nI think the folks who would be most likely to be be using these exploits are\nthe _last_ people who would ever face fail time for it: folks working for some\nthree letter agency. ", "They're not going to go to jail for their government-\nsanctioned abuse of these flaws.", "\n\n~~~\njeltz\nMaybe I expressed myself poorly but I think you missed my point. ", "My point was\nthat the only way to force people to fix the issues is if ordinary hackers who\nare _not_ working for any three latter agency start attacking the\ninfrastructure too. ", "And if you do that you risk prison time, even if you only\ndo harmless exploits to highlight weaknesses.", "\n\n~~~\nseph-reed\nAs an individualist nation, there's little likelihood anyone will throw\nthemselves away for the collective. ", "Doubly so because the collective is super\nfucking thankless and turns everything it gets into garbage.", "\n\nI've really been debating the idea if there's any point of trying to help at\nall at this point, and my current conclusion is: we're already wayyyy down the\ndystopia line. ", "The only hope at this point is AI which will either save us or\n(hopefully) bring the great filter sooner (which means less suffering). ", "But I\nno longer believe in protest.", "\n\n------\nrshnotsecure\nSpoofed phone alerts are the new leaflet propaganda. ", "They will be used to\ngenerate a significant amount of confusion and some terror abroad by whoever\njust decides to do it first:\n[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_leaflet_propaganda](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_leaflet_propaganda)\n\n~~~\njimmaswell\nThe same vulnerability has existed a long time in the possibility of\nbroadcasting over FM/AM stations too.", "\n\n------\nTheUndead96\n\"flaws\"\n\n~~~\ng105b\nIt's not a flaw, it's a feature!", "\n\n------\ntotoasticot\nAs did 4G. Nothing new.", "\n\n~~~\n0b0001\nThe authors mention the headline attacks in a side note only. ", "Their paper is\nabout formal verification of the standard. ", "That is indeed something new. ", "Their\nframework finds a couple of new issues -- and also old ones, which made it to\nthe headline.", "\n\n------\nGrangar\nOh boy here we go. ", "What are the odds Chinese vendors have designed these as\nbugdoors? ", "That'd give them a good motive to push so hard for this adoption.", "\n\n~~~\nmaeln\nUS, Europe and almost any country have police using fake cell-site, some also\nhave mass surveillance program.", "\n\nWhy blame only the Chinese when \"3-letter agency\" might be as happy to have\npossibility to snoop on 5G traffic?", "\n\n~~~\nGrangar\nSince it's Chinese vendors such as Huawei pushing their implementation.", "\nSupposedly it's resistant to such interference, now it turns out it's not.", "\nSurprise surprise.", "\n\n~~~\n_jal\nThey are protocol vulnerabilities, not implementation vulnerabilities.", "\n\nI also tend to think the evidence suggests being wary of nation-state\nintelligence influence on networking systems - the only ones who haven't done\nit are the ones who lack the capabilities.", "\n\nCisco's apparent inability to stop its code base from constantly regrowing\nbackdoors will compromise you just as quickly as whatever Huawei may be up to.", "\n\n------\nTaylorGood\nWas there a need for 5G? ", "Or is this akin to the ever-increasing TV sizes?", "\n\n~~~\ncrowtoe76\nThe \"need\" for 5G was so the govt-backdoored telecom companies can put\nwireless transmitters in every single neighborhood, to achieve more granular\ncontrol in mass surveillance for profit and for targeted harassment. ", "The FCC-\nsponsored transmitters are interacting with every \"smart\" device they can\nreach and reporting everything back to HQ. ", "They're probably busy brute-forcing\neveryone's wifi passwords while they're at it, because why wouldn't they? ", "But\nmaybe that's just crazy. ", "Maybe in reality they're just the good guys who care\nabout streamlining our movie watching experiences.", "\n\n------\nmacawfish\nJust wait until people realize it can track human bodies too.", "\n\n~~~\nwearenotsafe\nAre you referring to the MIT studies using wifi signals to track people\nthrough walls?", "\n[https://people.csail.mit.edu/fadel/wivi/](https://people.csail.mit.edu/fadel/wivi/)\n\nI'm pretty sure I first read about that on HN, and was immediately reminded of\nthe govt plan to cover the country in wireless transmitters.", "\n\n------\n9dl\nGood news everyone\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "HackerNews" }

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[ "k or j?", "\nj\nLet x be (-2)/11*1 + (-349)/(-187). ", "Let r = x - 24/17. ", "Let g be 2/28*(-3 - -7)/1. ", "Are g and r nonequal?", "\nTrue\nLet n be ((-39)/234*3/(-2))/(15/(-12)). ", "Suppose j = 3*j + 18. ", "Is n smaller than j?", "\nFalse\nLet n(a) = a**3 - 42*a**2 + 6*a - 224. ", "Let i be n(42). ", "Let h be (i/42)/(10/15). ", "Is h greater than -1/134?", "\nTrue\nLet z = -4719 - -283133/60. ", "Let g = 13/180 + z. Is g at most as big as 2?", "\nTrue\nLet h = 2327 - 2327.3. ", "Let d = -16.9 + 17. ", "Let p = -0.28 + d. Which is greater: h or p?", "\np\nLet v(t) = 58 + 23 - 13*t + 22 + 41. ", "Let b be v(11). ", "Which is smaller: b or 5/17?", "\n5/17\nLet c = -16837 - -16858.04. ", "Are c and 4 non-equal?", "\nTrue\nLet l(d) = -2*d**3 + 38*d**2 - 37*d + 27. ", "Let y be l(18). ", "Let b be ((-9)/10)/(y/15). ", "Which is smaller: -12 or b?", "\n-12\nLet m be (-1)/(-2) - (28/24 - 0/24). ", "Which is bigger: 206 or m?", "\n206\nLet d = 87 + -160. ", "Let x = 76.277 + -74.277. ", "Which is smaller: x or d?", "\nd\nLet p = -2 + 2.3. ", "Let c = -293 - -278.15. ", "Let h = c - -15. ", "Is h less than or equal to p?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 815 = 2*b - h, 4*b - 3*h + 389 - 2024 = 0. ", "Let t = b + -404. ", "Is t greater than -5?", "\nTrue\nLet v = 95 + -96. ", "Let w be 184/(-12) + v + (-4)/(-12). ", "Which is smaller: w or -18?", "\n-18\nLet j = 160591/570 + -1691/6. ", "Let n = -12 + 13. ", "Is j less than or equal to n?", "\nTrue\nLet f be (132/120)/((-36)/8940). ", "Which is smaller: -273 or f?", "\nf\nSuppose 60*g = 54*g - 48. ", "Let q = 212 - 229. ", "Are q and g equal?", "\nFalse\nLet b = -2.516 + 2.616. ", "Is b > 1465?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -3*d = 5*u + 219, 0 = u + 2*d - d + 45. ", "Let o be ((-4)/u)/((-4)/(4*-15)). ", "Is o less than -2?", "\nFalse\nLet z(p) = 6*p + 35. ", "Let h be z(-5). ", "Let s be 6/(-75)*h + (-38)/5. ", "Suppose 4*x = -4*k - 32, 15 = -2*k - 4*x - 9. ", "Which is smaller: s or k?", "\ns\nLet o = -600597 + 4214829/7. ", "Which is greater: o or 1520?", "\no\nSuppose -154*n + 11911 = -45*n - 8690. ", "Is n at least -14?", "\nTrue\nLet p = -158427137/4112 + 38528. ", "Does 1 = p?", "\nFalse\nLet p = -31/51 + 1300/153. ", "Is 7 less than p?", "\nTrue\nLet u(b) = -b**2 + b + 2. ", "Let a be u(-2). ", "Let o(z) = 2*z + 14. ", "Let w be o(a). ", "Let j be w/22*20/(-6). ", "Which is smaller: 0.2 or j?", "\nj\nLet y = -17 + 22. ", "Suppose y = -4*r + 25. ", "Suppose -r*z - 212 = -27. ", "Is z bigger than -37?", "\nFalse\nLet n(a) = -29*a**2 - 726*a - 26. ", "Let u be n(-25). ", "Is u at most -3/11?", "\nTrue\nLet x be ((-8)/(-12))/(226/(-6)). ", "Suppose 5 = 4*o + 31*l - 32*l, -3 = 2*o + 5*l. ", "Is o !", "= x?", "\nTrue\nLet s = -8992/76143 + 2/4479. ", "Let f = 3886/23 - 169. ", "Which is bigger: s or f?", "\nf\nLet o = -301.262 - -305.9. ", "Let h = o + -0.638. ", "Let s = 0.7 - -0.3. ", "Which is smaller: s or h?", "\ns\nLet r = -346/9 - -115/9. ", "Let n = r + 925/33. ", "Which is greater: 3 or n?", "\n3\nLet y = 10536 - 8469. ", "Are y and -2 unequal?", "\nTrue\nLet f = -315.9 + 316. ", "Let j = -183 + 82. ", "Are f and j unequal?", "\nTrue\nLet l = 6781 + -6784.083. ", "Let o = -0.083 - l. Let g = 0 + 0.1. ", "Is g at most as big as o?", "\nTrue\nLet x(w) = w**3 - 73*w**2 + 145*w - 213. ", "Let s be x(71). ", "Let z be 10/(-45) - 64/(-450). ", "Is z greater than s?", "\nFalse\nLet w be (1 - -1) + (-20514987)/3213. ", "Let r = -6383 - w. Let h(y) = -y**2 + 19*y - 71. ", "Let b be h(14). ", "Is r smaller than b?", "\nFalse\nLet m be (-4)/(-14) - (6 + (-280)/49). ", "Suppose 2*s + 5*n + 17 = -1, m = -4*s - n. Which is bigger: s or 1/352?", "\ns\nLet v(j) = -j**3 + 18*j**2 - 31*j - 36. ", "Let u be v(16). ", "Let w be ((-146)/u - 6)*-3. ", "Which is greater: -5 or w?", "\nw\nLet f(g) = 1. ", "Let p(w) = w - 7. ", "Let k(u) = 4*f(u) + p(u). ", "Let q(t) = -3*t + 11. ", "Let b(y) = -9*k(y) - 2*q(y). ", "Let o be b(0). ", "Is -7 equal to o?", "\nFalse\nLet j be ((-5 + 1)/(-2))/(3 - 854/286). ", "Is j > 140?", "\nTrue\nLet l(y) = 120*y + 35. ", "Let o be l(12). ", "Is 1473 less than o?", "\nTrue\nLet q = 22 - 33. ", "Let v = 14280.1 + -14280. ", "Does q = v?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -8*o + 26*o - 2268 = 0. ", "Let q be (-3 - (-366)/o)*(-3)/36. ", "Which is smaller: q or 1?", "\nq\nLet i be 4/3*236/(-33512). ", "Is i equal to 0?", "\nFalse\nLet q be (22/4 + -5)/((-9)/1548). ", "Which is smaller: q or -108?", "\n-108\nLet f be (-28)/(-4) + (-8)/(16/377). ", "Does -183 = f?", "\nFalse\nLet l = 54 - 30. ", "Let n = -22 + l. Let p be (-12)/18 + n/(-6) + 1. ", "Which is smaller: p or -2/89?", "\n-2/89\nLet x(j) = 4*j - 14. ", "Let y be x(5). ", "Suppose -y*f = -11*f + 40. ", "Suppose 58 = 8*w - 14. ", "Is w >= f?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -3*h + 3*x = 4*x - 42, 70 = 5*h - x. Suppose h*a - 306 = -4*a. ", "Which is smaller: a or 18?", "\na\nLet f = -238 + 232. ", "Let m be (-2900)/(-60)*4/((-16)/f). ", "Is m greater than or equal to -2/3?", "\nTrue\nLet f = 0.4316 - 0.118. ", "Are f and -0.1 nonequal?", "\nTrue\nLet a = -3700 - -3780. ", "Is 79 less than or equal to a?", "\nTrue\nSuppose d = -86 + 247. ", "Suppose -6*a - d = -11. ", "Let s = a - -25. ", "Which is greater: -1/46 or s?", "\ns\nLet c be 6 - 132/(10 + 12). ", "Which is greater: 7/527 or c?", "\n7/527\nLet j(r) = 1624*r + 11368. ", "Let h be j(-7). ", "Is 12 bigger than h?", "\nTrue\nLet u = 14 - 29. ", "Let b = u + 22. ", "Suppose 4*m - b = -31. ", "Which is greater: -3 or m?", "\n-3\nLet y = -17084/6475 - 2/1295. ", "Which is bigger: y or -4?", "\ny\nSuppose 4*m - j = 10965, j - 6*j - 25 = 0. ", "Which is smaller: 2741 or m?", "\nm\nSuppose 0 = -24*y - 68 - 964. ", "Which is smaller: y or -37?", "\ny\nLet s(b) = 52*b - 463. ", "Let w be s(15). ", "Is w bigger than 318?", "\nFalse\nLet v = -8267/2 + 4121. ", "Which is bigger: 6 or v?", "\n6\nLet z = -194 + 644. ", "Let x = z + -399. ", "Which is bigger: 5 or x?", "\nx\nLet n(s) = 2 - s + 3 + 4. ", "Let w be n(4). ", "Suppose -w*a + a = 0. ", "Which is smaller: 12 or a?", "\na\nSuppose 81*q - 82*q + 3*m + 620 = 0, 4*q = -5*m + 2412. ", "Is q greater than 611?", "\nFalse\nLet i be ((-4)/10)/(1/(-10)). ", "Let j(q) = 6*q + 146. ", "Let k be j(-24). ", "Let n be (-4)/k - 300/(-42). ", "Which is greater: n or i?", "\nn\nLet z = 0.03 + -0.061. ", "Let q = z + 25.031. ", "Let y = 9 - q. Which is greater: -1 or y?", "\n-1\nLet x be (-3)/15 - 36/(-5). ", "Let y = -3.6193 - -3.62. ", "Let q = -4.9993 - y. Is x < q?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 2*n + 541 = -23*m + 20*m, -5*n - 910 = 5*m. ", "Which is smaller: -129 or m?", "\nm\nSuppose 0 = -1090*k + 1068*k + 264. ", "Which is smaller: 85 or k?", "\nk\nSuppose 25*y - 22*y = 6. ", "Let f be 4 + 2/(y/(-5)). ", "Let m be f*-3*(2 + 15). ", "Which is smaller: m or 49?", "\n49\nSuppose 3615 = 702*u - 717*u. ", "Is u at most -257?", "\nFalse\nSuppose v + 28 = -49. ", "Let q be ((-50)/(-20))/((-4)/(-232)). ", "Let w = -222 + q. Is v > w?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -4*h - 3*x = -171, -6*h = -2*h + 2*x - 166. ", "Let m = 43777 + -481109/11. ", "Are m and h nonequal?", "\nTrue\nLet d be (-49)/(-14)*(-6)/1. ", "Let z = -22 - d. Let s be (z/(-1) - 1) + (-297)/(-77). ", "Are 4 and s nonequal?", "\nTrue\nLet s = -0.8 - 0.2. ", "Let v be ((-2)/(-20)*5)/(9/(-126)). ", "Let o be (v/(-63))/1*7. ", "Is s at least as big as o?", "\nFalse\nLet l = -331921/30 - -11063. ", "Let i = 6029/5820 + l. Which is smaller: i or 1?", "\ni\nSuppose 4*r - 382 = 2*v, 2*r + 4*v = -0*v + 166. ", "Let u(y) = y**2 + 601*y - 7889. ", "Let f be u(13). ", "Is r at most f?", "\nTrue\nLet w be ((-16576)/(-935730))/(1 - (-34)/20). ", "Let n = w + -3/281. ", "Which is smaller: n or -1?", "\n-1\nLet k(s) = -s**2 - 205. ", "Let l be k(0). ", "Let v be (-2)/(-6)*(-328 + -290). ", "Which is smaller: v or l?", "\nv\nLet a be 4/(-6)*(6/(-2))/(-6). ", "Let m = -1282 - -1268. ", "Is m at least as big as a?", "\nFalse\nLet t(k) = k**3 - 23*k**2 + 101*k + 47. ", "Let x be t(14). ", "Is x < -312?", "\nFalse\nLet k = -498/145 - -17/5. ", "Which is smaller: k or -20?", "\n-20\nLet s(u) = u**2 + u + 3. ", "Let j be s(2). ", "Let p(i) = -i - 1. ", "Let m be p(j). ", "Let r(c) = -4*c - 38. ", "Let v be r(m). ", "Is 6/5 at most as big as v?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -6*b + 1 = -2*y - 3*b, -y + 4*b = 8. ", "Suppose 18 = -4*v - 2*o, 18 = v + o + y*o. ", "Which is greater: v or -6?", "\n-6\nLet n(f) = -74 + 9*f + 34 - 74 - 10. ", "Let g be n(15). ", "Which is bigger: g or 0.08?", "\ng\nLet w = 37 - 32. ", "Suppose -3*n - 2 = -w*n. ", "Is n <= -108?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 17*r + 3682 = -1010. ", "Let o = 87 + r. Which is smaller: -190 or o?", "\n-190\nLet m = 227 + -221. ", "Let x = 2 - m. Which is smaller: x or -2/3?", "\nx\nLet t(x) = x**3 + 3*x**2 - 18*x - 42. ", "Let j be t(-4). ", "Which is smaller: 21 or j?", "\nj\nLet x = -2453 - -1331. ", "Let o be (-19669)/x - 4/11. ", "Which is greater: o or 18?", "\n18\nSuppose 32 = 28*v - 36*v. ", "Let z be 66/363 - v/(-22). ", "Which is smaller: z or -3/80?", "\n-3/80\nSuppose 309 = g - 225. ", "Suppose -14*j - g = -8*j. ", "Do j and -90 have different values?", "\nTrue\nLet b = -218 - -155. ", "Let o be ((-2)/168)/(42/b). ", "Which is greater: o or -1?", "\no\nLet u = -8887 + 13618. ", "Which is greater: 4730 or u?", "\nu\nLet s = 868 - 948. ", "Let k be (-60)/s + (-41)/(-4). ", "Is 12 >= k?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 41*c = -3*c + 4752. ", "Suppose -4*x = -2*u + 446, 3*x - 3*u + 0*u + 342 = 0. ", "Let b = c + x. Which is bigger: b or 2/49?", "\n2/49\nLet i = 0.034 + -0.014. ", "Let j = 0.18 - i. Let a = j + 0.04. ", "Which is bigger: a or -2?", "\na\nLet g be (9849/216 + 7/" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Renewable energy in the US just hit a new benchmark: 10% of the electricity produced in a single month came from wind and solar power for the first time.", "\n\nThis March, 8% of US electricity came from wind power, and 2% came from solar, totaling 10% of total energy generation nationally, according to the US Energy Information Administration. ", "Data isn’t finalized for April yet, but the US Energy Information Administration says it expects April wind and solar numbers to exceed 10% of total generation again.", "\n\nRenewables—especially wind power—already make up significantly more than 10% of the electricity in several states. ", "In Texas, for example, 13% of total energy production comes from renewables. ", "In California, 20% does.", "\n\nEIA/Electric Power Monthly\n\nNationally, hitting the 10% monthly benchmark represents a significant increase over the same period last year. ", "The US produced 65% more solar power and 17% more wind power in March 2017 than it did in March 2016, when those two sources accounted for 8.6% of all the electricity produced in the country.", "\n\nThe milestone is yet another piece of evidence for the argument that renewables can no longer be considered “alternative” energy, Christopher Clack, CEO of the power grid modeling firm Vibrant Clean Energy and a former National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration researcher told Climate Central." ]

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[ "Pseudo-Bartter syndrome presents the same clinical and biological characteristics as Bartter syndrome but without primary renal tubule abnormalities. ", "We relate the case of a premature baby presenting at ... [more ▼]\n\nPseudo-Bartter syndrome presents the same clinical and biological characteristics as Bartter syndrome but without primary renal tubule abnormalities. ", "We relate the case of a premature baby presenting at birth with severe hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis associated with hyponatremia and hypochloremia. ", "Maternal blood at the time of delivery showed the same electrolyte perturbations. ", "The baby's mother had suffered from anorexia and vomiting during pregnancy. ", "A few weeks after birth the baby's blood abnormalities had almost returned to normal. ", "Chloride depletion is at the origin of both maternal and fetal hypokalemic alkalosis. [", "less ▲]" ]

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[ "McMahon Islands\n\nMcMahon Islands are two low, peaked, rocky islands, north of the Thala Hills, Enderby Land. ", "The islands, about above sea level, are separated by a narrow channel. ", "Plotted from Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) air photos taken in 1956 and visited by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) (Thala Dan) in February, 1961. ", "Named by ANCA for F.P. McMahon, Supply Officer, Antarctic Division, Melbourne, and second-in-command of the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) (Thala Dan), 1960-61.", "\n\nSee also \n Composite Antarctic Gazetteer\n List of Antarctic islands south of 60° S\n SCAR\n Territorial claims in Antarctica\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:Islands of Enderby Land" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for interpolating lines of an input image signal, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method capable of solving problems of a stepwise image or a saw-toothed image at the edge due to a time gap of two fields, when an interlaced scanning image signal formed with two fields is converted to a progressive scanning image signal. ", "The present application is based on Korean Patent Application No. ", "2001-59106, filed Sep. 24, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nWhen a progressive scanning image signal is generated by extracting one frame image from a motion picture signal of an interlaced scanning video camera, a camcorder, a television, or a VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) having one frame formed with two fields, if the motion picture has a movement due to a time gap between a first field and a second field, or there is a movement in the image due to a hand tremor, then the difference between the fields is significant, and a stepwise image or a saw-toothed image occurs at an edge where the movement is generated.", "\nTo reduce the above phenomena, there is a need to interpolate an interlaced scanning image data appropriately via a process known as de-interlacing. ", "There are two ways to interpolate: 1) generating data of one frame by interpolating lines of one field data; and 2) generating data of one frame by using data from more than two fields. ", "Here, the first method of interpolating the lines of the data of one field and generating the data of one frame will be described. ", "Moreover, disclosures in Korean Patent No. ", "0224859 to the applicant of the present invention will be introduced and a feature which is an improvement on the above Patent will be described.", "\nFIG. ", "1 is a flow chart showing a conventional method for line interpolating. ", "Referring to FIG. ", "1, the line interpolating method is comprised of the steps of: an edge component extracting step (S 100); a slope calculating step (S 110); an interpolating step (S 120); and a composition step (S 130). ", "Here, a pixel value of the image signal data (hereinbelow, referred to as ‘input data’) is referred to as Xref[i,j], and the data generated after being interpolated (hereinbelow, referred to as ‘interpolation data’) is referred to as Xgen[i,j].", "\nIn the edge component extracting step (S 100), the edge component of a horizontal direction is extracted from the pixel value of the input data, Xref[i,j]. ", "The edge component of the horizontal direction can be obtained by using a horizontal edge extracting filter. ", "The simplest type of filter is a high-pass filter having a horizontal frequency as a center frequency. ", "An edge component value corresponding to the pixel value of the input data is referred to as Eref[i,j]. ", "The slope calculating step (S 110) is a step of obtaining a slope of the pixel included in the interpolation data from the edge component value, Eref[i,j], of the input data. ", "This step can be realized with software using an information processing component or with hardware such as a slope detection circuit.", "\nThe pixel included in the interpolation data and the input data edge component values around the pixel have a spatial structure shown in FIG. ", "2. ", "Here, the number of values of edge component data of the input data used in determining slope direction is decided at the discretion of the designer.", "\nIn the slope calculating step (S 110), pixels meeting the conditions described below are selected one by one for each of the upper and lower horizontal lines among the pixels included in the input data. ", "First of all, a reference region of the pixel area which is to be interpolated is identified. ", "In this region the pixel of the upper horizontal line having the maximum edge component and the pixel of the lower horizontal line having the maximum edge component are selected. ", "The maximum edge component value of the selected pixel of the upper horizontal scanning line is referred to as Eup—max[i+du, j]. ", "In addition, the maximum edge component value of the selected pixel of the lower horizontal scanning line is referred to as Edown—max[i+dd, j+1]. ", "Here, ‘du’ is a horizontal delay between the pixel to be generated of the upper slope and the pixel having the maximum edge component in the upper horizontal scanning line of the reference region. ", "On the other hand, ‘dd’ is a horizontal delay between the pixel to be generated of the lower slope and the pixel having the maximum edge component in the lower horizontal scanning line of the reference region. ", "The value of ‘du’ increases to the right of FIG. ", "2, and is positive (‘+’) to the right of the pixel to be generated and is negative (‘−’) to the left of the pixel to be generated; the value of ‘dd’ increases to left of FIG. ", "2, and is positive (‘+’) to the left of the pixel to be generated and is negative (‘−’) to the right of the pixel to be generated.", "\nFollowing is a discussion describing the establishment of two different statuses or states based on criteria related to Eup—max[i+du, j] and Edown—max[i+dd, j+1].", "\nStatus 1:\nIn status 1, all of the five conditions described below are met at the same time.|Eup—max[i+du, j]−Edown—max[i+dd, j+1]|<Eth  (Condition 1)\nThis condition means that an absolute value of the difference value of the maximum values of the edge component at the upper and lower horizontal lines is less than the predetermined value ‘Eth’.∥du|−|dd∥≦1  (Condition 2)\nThe above condition means that a relative position between the pixels to be referred is limited. ", "More specifically, the condition means that the distance between the pixels to be referred should be within the distance of one pixel in a vertical or a diagonal direction.du×dd<0  (Condition 3)\nThis condition means that the pixels to be referred are placed in the diagonal direction, with a pixel to be generated being at the center.", "Eup—max[i+du, j]≧Eref[i,j]+a  (Condition 4)\nThe condition means that the difference of the edge component between the pixel to be referred and included in the upper horizontal line and the pixel to be referred and placed right above the pixel to be generated should be more than the predetermined value ‘a’.", "Edown—max[i+dd, j+1]≧Eref[i,j]+a  (Condition 5)\nThe above condition means that the difference of the edge component between the pixel to be referred and included in the lower horizontal line and the pixel to the referred and placed right above the pixel to be generated should be more than the predetermined value ‘a’. ", "Here, ‘Eth’, and ‘a’ are constant values, which are appropriately decided by the designer in consideration of the value of the image signal and the frequency band of the image signal.", "\nStatus 2:\nStatus 2 covers all situations other than status 1.", "\nHere, the statuses 1 and 2 are referred to as statuses to be interpolated.", "\nFIG. ", "3 is a view showing the relation between the statuses to be interpolated (statuses 1 and 2), the pixel to be generated and the pixel to be referred. ", "In the interpolating step (S 120), the value of the pixel to be generated is obtained by a vertical linear interpolation by using the result of the slope calculating step (S 110). ", "The interpolating step (S 120) is performed as follows in accordance with the status to be interpolated.", "\n1) Status 1 (state 1):\nThe value of the pixel of the image data to be interpolated, Xgen[i,j], is (Xref[i+du, j]+Xref[i+dd, j+1])/2.", "\n2) Status 2 (state 2):\nThe value of the pixel of the image data to be interpolated, Xgen,[i,j] is (Xref[i,j]+Xref[i,j+1])/2.", "\nIn the composition step (S 130), a frame image is generated by compounding the result of the image generated by the interpolating step (S 120) with the image of the input data.", "\nHowever, according to the conventional art described so far, when the image has an area of high frequency such as a minute pectinate or lattice pattern, the edge component detected in the horizontal edge detecting step and the slope detecting step of FIG. ", "1 has some errors. ", "The errors cause the deterioration of the picture since the errors appear as noise in the interpolated screen." ]

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[ "1850 United States House of Representatives election in Florida\n\nThe election to the United States House of Representatives in Florida for the 32nd Congress was held October 7, 1850\n\nBackground\nA single Whig, Edward C. Cabell, had been elected in 1846 and re-elected in 1848 to fill Florida's at-large seat in the House of Representatives.", "\n\nElection results\nEdward C. Cabell ran for re-election. ", " This was the last election won by Cabell, and the last federal election won by any Whig in Florida.", "\n\nSee also\nUnited States House of Representatives elections, 1850\n\nReferences\n\n1850\nFlorida\nUnited States House of Representatives" ]

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[ "Cat lovers, we've just learned of a cinematic event that's got your name written all over it.", "\n\nKicking off this Friday, Light House Cinema will be screening Kedi, a Turkish documentary that looks at the cat-filled streets of Istanbul, where thousands of the critters roam freely, and examines the various personalities that exist among them.", "\n\nSpoiler alert: it's full of feisty felines.", "\n\nNever has there been a better occasion to wear that cat onesie of yours in public.", "\n\nIf you know anyone who'd squeal at the idea of watching 80 minutes of cats on the big screen, you can pick up tickets for Kedi at the Light House Cinema HERE.", "\n\nREAD NEXT: Your Favourite Childhood Movies Will Be Shown In This Dublin Cinema Next Month" ]

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[ "Impact of pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment on graft survival in liver transplant patients with recurrent hepatitis C infection.", "\nRecurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation for HCV-related end stage liver disease. ", "Although previous studies have shown a short-term effect of interferon-based treatment on fibrosis progression, it is unclear whether this translates to improved graft survival. ", "We evaluated whether treatment of recurrent HCV leads to an improved graft survival. ", "Cohort study included consecutive HCV patients who underwent liver transplantation between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2005 in the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. ", "Two hundred and fifteen patients were included in the study. ", "During a median follow-up of 4.4 years (interquartile range 2.2-6.6), 165 patients (77%) had biopsy-proven recurrent HCV infection confirmed by serum HCV RNA testing. ", "Seventy-eight patients were treated. ", "There were no differences in MELD-score, fibrosis stage or time towards HCV recurrence between treated and untreated patients at time of recurrence. ", "There was a trend for greater frequency of acute cellular rejection among untreated patients. ", "The incidence of graft failure was lower for patients treated within 6 months of recurrence compared to patients not treated within this time-period (log rank p = 0.002). ", "Time-dependent multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that treatment of recurrent HCV infection was statistically significantly associated with a decreased risk of overall graft failure (hazard ratio 0.34; CI 0.15-0.77, p = 0.009) and a decreased risk of graft failure due to recurrent HCV (hazard ratio 0.24; CI 0.08-0.69, p = 0.008). ", "In conclusion, although a cause and effect relationship cannot be established, treatment of recurrent HCV infection after liver transplantation is associated with a reduced risk of graft failure." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to interpret amino acid representation\n\nWhat is the difference between C383S and C383A? ", "For C383S, does it mean Cysteine(C) position 383 in the sequence and its next amino acid connect to it is Serine(S)?", "\n\nA:\n\nThis means that at position 383 the Cysteine(C) is mutated to a Serine(S). ", " Depending on the organism and gene usually the mutation notation is linked to a specific transcript since the position could vary depending on transcript splicing. ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "2003 - Once Ku'damm - always Ku'damm. ", "In 1971 as street seller in front of the store, now the opening of their own store with a creatively mature collection, at the best location: Kurfürstendamm 210, next to Maison de France." ]

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[ "Previous research has indicated that increased activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis enhances the propensity to self-administer drugs of abuse. ", "We have shown that rats with a greater propensity to self-administer drugs of abuse also avoid intake of a natural gustatory reward after it is repeatedly paired with the opportunity to self-administer the drug reward. ", "Under our reward comparison hypothesis, this avoidance behavior is caused by devaluation of the natural reward in anticipation of the availability of the more rewarding drug of abuse. ", "Thus, we hypothesize that individual differences in activity of the HPA axis mediated individual differences in reward comparison behavior. ", "The proposed studies will test this hypothesis by further investigating these differences in reward comparison behavior. ", "The proposed studies will test this hypothesis by further investigating these differences using a behavioral and physiological approach (Specific Aim I) and by employing pharmacological manipulations to assess the role of corticosterone and corticotropin releasing factor in mediating these individual differences (Specific Aim II)." ]

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[ "Read a free excerpt from War of the Worldviews, which has already hit the New York Times bestseller list in its first weeks of publication. ", "In this extraordinary book, co-authors Deepak Chopra and renowned physicist Leonard Mlodinow delve into many of the great unanswered questions facing both religion and science, including how the universe began, where life comes from, and whether or not this is a conscious universe.", "\n\nAfter many years of watching hundreds of sweet souls from all over the planet become certified instructors of Seven Spiritual Laws of Yoga, I decided at the beginning of 2011 that this would be the year I would finally take the plunge.", "\n\nThe ability to embrace ambiguity, uncertainty, and paradox is the hallmark of spiritually enlightened beings. ", "Yet while we may acknowledge the value of flexibility and openness, the ego mind craves certainty.", "\n\nThe first step towards genuine awakening is setting the intention . . . ", "deciding to live a life that reflects your right to happiness. ", "This requires the recognition that you are the only one who cares enough about your happiness to make it a driving force. ", "When you take the steps to release the pain and misunderstandings of the past, healing can occur." ]

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[ "---\nabstract: 'For the Stokes equation over 2D and 3D domains, explicit [*a posteriori* ]{} and [*a priori*]{} error estimation are novelly developed for the finite element solution. ", "The difficulty in handling the divergence-free condition of the Stokes equation is solved by utilizing the extended hypercircle method along with the Scott-Vogelius finite element scheme. ", "Since all terms in the error estimation have explicit values, by further applying the interval arithmetic and verified computing algorithms, the computed results provide rigorous estimation for the approximation error. ", "As an application of the proposed error estimation, the eigenvalue problem of the Stokes operator is considered and rigorous bounds for the eigenvalues are obtained. ", "The efficiency of proposed error estimation is demonstrated by solving the Stokes equation on both convex and non-convex 3D domains.'", "\nauthor:\n- Xuefeng LIU\n- Mitsuhiro NAKAO\n- 'Chun’guang YOU'\n- 'Shin’ichi OISHI'\nbibliography:\n- 'mylib.bib'\ndate: 'June 4, 2020'\ntitle: 'Explicit [*a posteriori*]{} and [*a priori*]{} error estimation for the finite element solution of Stokes equations [^1] '\n---\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nThe error estimation theory for approximate solutions to the Stokes equation is one of fundamental problems in numerical analysis for fluid simulation. ", "For example, in the approach of investigating the solution to the Navier–Stokes equation by verified computing, an explicit error estimation for the approximate solution to the Stokes equation is desired. ", "In [@Watanabe_etal1999], by providing the [*a priori*]{} error estimation for the Stokes equation, Watanabe–Yamamoto–Nakao developed an algorithm to verify the solution existence for a stationary Navier–Stokes equation over a 2D square domain. ", "However, for general 2D domains and further 3D domains, the [*a priori*]{} error estimation for Stokes equation is not yet available, which remains to be the bottleneck problem for the solution verification of the Navier–Stokes equation.", "\n\nThe main difficulty in the [*a priori*]{} error estimation is due to the divergence-free condition required in the Stokes equation. ", "The classical study on the numerical solutions to Stokes equation usually involves bounded but unknown constants in the error estimation terms; see, for example, the pioneer work in [@verfurth1989posteriori]. ", "For 2D domains, the Korn inequality (see, e.g., [@Nakao_etal1998]) has been utilized to construct the [*a priori* ]{} error estimation for star-shaped 2D domain. ", "However, for a 2D domain with general shape, and the domains in 3D space, e.g. a cube, it is still an open problem to give explicit values for the constant in Korn’s inequality.", "\n\nThis paper is an approach to solve the bottleneck problem in the solution verification of the Navier–Stokes equation. ", "We apply the Scott-Vogelius type finite element method (FEM) [@scott1985norm; @zhang2005new; @Zhang-MC-2014] to obtain a divergence-free approximation to the Stokes equation and then propose an explicit [*a priori*]{} error estimation for the Stokes equation over general 2D and 3D domains. ", "In our proposed error estimation, the idea of the hypercircle method has been utilized to take the advantage of the divergence-free property of the approximate solution and further construct the explicit error estimation. ", "The hypercircle method, also named by the Prage-Synge theorem, has been used in the error estimation for the Poisson equation (see [@Kikuchi+Saito2007; @Liu+Oishi2013; @li2018explicit]); the error estimation here can be regarded as a direct extension of the result of Liu–Oishi [@Liu+Oishi2013].", "\n\nThe features of proposed method can be summarized as follows:\n\n- By combining the extended hypercircle method and the Scott-Vogelius FEM scheme, one can obtain explicit error estimation for the finite element solution to the Stokes equation. ", "Since all terms in the error estimation have explicit values, by further applying the verified computation technique, the computed rigorous results can be further applied in the solution verification for the Navier–Stokes equation.", "\n\n- The proposed method only utilizes the $H^1$ information of the weak solutions, which enables the application of the error estimation to Stokes equations over general 2D and 3D non-convex domains, in which cases, the solution usually contains singularity.", "\n\nAs an application of the explicit error estimation proposed in this paper, we consider the eigenvalue problem of the Stokes equation and provide explicit lower and upper bounds for the eigenvalues of the Stokes operator. ", "See the detailed discussion in [§\\[sec:application-to-eigenvalue\\]]{} and numerical results in [§\\[sub-sec:application-to-eigenvalue-pro\\]]{}.", "\n\nThe construction of the rest of the paper is as follows. ", "Lemma 1 in [§\\[sec:ns-eq\\]]{} introduces the extended hypercircle over a proper function space setting. [§", "\\[sec:fem-space\\]]{} describes the FEM spaces to be used in the solution approximation and error estimation. ", "In [§\\[sec:error-estimation\\]]{}, the [*a posteriori*]{} and [*a priori*]{} error estimation are proposed. ", "In [§\\[sec:application-to-eigenvalue\\]]{}, an application of the [*a priori*]{} error estimation to the eigenvalue problem of the Stokes operator is provided. [§", "\\[sec:numerical-results\\]]{} displays the computation results for 3D domains.", "\n\nFunction spaces and problem setting {#sec:ns-eq}\n===================================\n\nTo make the argument concise, we only consider the equation over a 3D domain, while the 2D case can be regarded as a special case and can be processed in an analogous way. ", "Generally, a bounded Lipschitz domain will be preferred in numerical analysis. ", "However, to have the domain completely partitioned by tetrahedra, the domain is assumed to a polyhedron in solving practical problems.", "\n\nLet $L^p(\\Omega)$ ($p>0$) and $H^k(\\Omega)$, $H^k_0(\\Omega)$ ($k=1,2,\\cdots$) be the standard Sobolev spaces over $\\Omega$. The inner product in $L^2(\\Omega)$ is denoted by $(\\cdot, \\cdot)_\\Omega$ or $(\\cdot, \\cdot)$; the $L^2$ norm of a function in $L^2(\\Omega)$ is denoted by $\\|\\cdot\\|$. The space $L_0^2(\\Omega)(\\subset L^2(\\Omega))$ has function with degenerated average over the domain, that is, $L_0^2(\\Omega):=\\{v\\in L^2(\\Omega)~|~ (v,1)_\\Omega =0\\}$.\n\nLet us introduce the divergence-free space ${\\mathbf{V}}$ by $$\\label{def:V}\n{\\mathbf{V}}=\\{ {\\mathbf{v}}\\in ( H_0^1(\\Omega))^3 ~|~ \\mbox{ div } {\\mathbf{v}}= 0\\}\\:,$$ where $\\mbox{{\\mbox{div}\\:}}{\\mathbf{v}}$ denotes the divergence of vector ${\\mathbf{v}}$. The inner product and the norm of ${\\mathbf{V}}$ are defined by $$({\\mathbf{u}},{\\mathbf{v}})_{\\mathbf{V}}:=\\int_\\Omega \\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}\\cdot \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}~ \\mbox{d}\\Omega, ~~ \\|{\\mathbf{u}}\\|_{{\\mathbf{V}}} :=\\sqrt{({\\mathbf{u}},{\\mathbf{u}})_{\\mathbf{V}}} \\:.$$ Here, $\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}$ denotes the gradient of function ${\\mathbf{u}}$. The $H({\\mbox{div}\\:}\\!\\!)$ space is defined by $$H({\\mbox{div}\\:};\\Omega) :=\\{ p \\in L^2(\\Omega) ~|~ {\\mbox{div}\\:}p \\in L^2(\\Omega)\\}\\:.$$ We further introduce the space $(H({\\mbox{div}\\:};\\Omega))^3$, the member function ${\\mathbf{p}}=(p_1, p_2, p_3)$ of which has the divergence as ${\\mbox{div}\\:}{\\mathbf{p}}:=({\\mbox{div}\\:}p_1, {\\mbox{div}\\:}p_2, {\\mbox{div}\\:}p_3) \\in (L^2(\\Omega))^3$.\n\nIn this paper, we consider the Stokes equation in a weak formulation: Given ${\\mathbf{f}}\\in (L^2(\\Omega))^3$, let $\\mathbf{u} \\in \\mathbf{V}$ be the exact solution such that $$\\label{eq:stokes}\n (\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}, \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}) = ({\\mathbf{f}}, {\\mathbf{v}}), \\quad \\forall {\\mathbf{v}}\\in {\\mathbf{V}}.$$ The solution existence and uniqueness of the above equation can be easily confirmed by applying the Lax-Milgram theorem. ", "The saddle point formulation utilizing test function space $L_0^2(\\Omega)$ is given by (see, e.g., [@girault2012finite §5.1] and [@boffi2013mixed]):\n\nFind ${\\mathbf{u}}\\in (H_0^1(\\Omega))^3$ and $\\rho \\in L_0^2(\\Omega)$ such that $$\\label{eq:stokes-saddle-problem}\n (\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}, \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}) + ({\\mbox{div}~}{\\mathbf{v}}, \\rho) + ({\\mbox{div}~}{\\mathbf{u}}, \\eta )= ({\\mathbf{f}}, {\\mathbf{v}}), \\quad \\forall {\\mathbf{v}}\\in (H_0^1(\\Omega))^3, \\eta \\in L_0^2(\\Omega)\\:.$$ Such a formulation will be used in the FEM approximation in [§\\[sec:fem-space\\]]{}. ", "As the objective of this paper, we will consider an conforming FEM approximation to (\\[eq:stokes-saddle-problem\\]) and provide explicit error estimation.", "\n\nBelow, let us introduce an extended version of the hypercircle method, which will help to construct an explicit error estimation for the Stokes equation.", "\n\n\\[lemma:prager-synge\\] Given ${\\mathbf{f}}\\in (L^2(\\Omega))^3$, let ${\\mathbf{u}}$ be the solution to (\\[eq:stokes\\]) corresponding to ${\\mathbf{f}}$. Suppose that ${\\mathbf{p}}\\in H({\\mbox{div}\\:};\\Omega)^{3}$ satisfies, $$\\mbox{\\em div } \\mathbf{p} + \\nabla \\phi + \\mathbf{f} =0, \\text{ for certain } \\phi \\in H^1(\\Omega)\\:.$$ Then for any $\\mathbf{v} \\in \\mathbf{V}$, the following Pythagoras equation holds, $$\\label{eq:hypercircle-eq}\n\\| \\nabla \\mathbf{u} - \\nabla \\mathbf{v} \\|^2 + \\|\\nabla \\mathbf{u} - \\mathbf{p} \\|^2 = \\|\\mathbf{p} - \\nabla \\mathbf{v} \\|^2 \\:.$$\n\nThe holding of the equality can be confirmed by the expansion of $\\|{\\mathbf{p}}- \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}\\|^2=\\|(\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}- {\\mathbf{p}}) - \\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{v}})\\|^2$, which has the cross term as zero due to the divergence-free condition and the boundary condition of ${\\mathbf{u}}$ and ${\\mathbf{v}}$: $$(\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}- {\\mathbf{p}}, \\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{v}}))\n= ({\\mathbf{f}}+ {\\mbox{div}~}{\\mathbf{p}}, ({\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{v}})) \n= (-\\nabla \\phi, ({\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{v}}) ) = (\\phi, {\\mbox{div}~}({\\mathbf{u}}- {\\mathbf{v}}))=0\\:.$$\n\nThe selection of ${\\mathbf{p}}$ and ${\\mathbf{v}}$ in (\\[eq:hypercircle-eq\\]) is not unique. ", "It is easy to see that, for a fixed solution ${\\mathbf{u}}$, to minimize $\\| {\\mathbf{p}}- \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}\\|$ is equivalent to minimize both $\\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}-\\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}\\|$ and $\\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}- {\\mathbf{p}}\\|$ independently.", "\n\nFinite element spaces {#sec:fem-space}\n=====================\n\nIn this section, we introduce the FEM spaces to be used in the solution approximation and error estimation.", "\n\nLet $\\mathcal{T}^h$ be a regular tetrahedron subdivision for domain $\\Omega$. Further requirement to the mesh for the purpose of a stable computation of the Stokes equation will be explained afterward. ", "On each element $K \\in \\mathcal{T}^h$, denote by $P^m(K)$ the set of polynomials with degree up to $m$. We choose the Scott-Vogelius type finite element method to construct divergence-free FEM spaces to approximate the space ${\\mathbf{V}}$,\n\n#### Discontinuous space ${\\mathbf{X}}_h$ of degree $d$\n\nLet $X_h^{(d)}$ be the set of piecewise polynomials of degree up to $d$. Let $\\mathbf{X}^{(d)}_h:=(X_h ^{(d)})^3$. Let $X_{h,0}^{(d)}:=L_0^2(\\Omega)\\cap X_h^{(d)}$.\n\n#### Conforming FEM space ${\\mathbf{U}}_h(\\subset \\left(H^1(\\Omega)\\right)^3)$ and ${\\mathbf{V}}_h (\\subset {\\mathbf{V}})$ of degree $k$.\n\n- Let $U^{(k)}_h$ be the space consisted of piecewise polynomials of degree up to $k$, which also belong to $H^1(\\Omega)$. That is, $U^{(k)}_h:=H^1(\\Omega)\\cap X^{(k)}(\\Omega)$. Define $\\mathbf{U} ^{(k)}_h:=({U}^{(k)}_h)^3$.\n\n- Let $U^{(k)}_{h,0}:=\\{ u_h \\in U^{(k)}_h ~|~ u_h = 0 \\mbox{ on } \\partial \\Omega \\}$, $\\mathbf{U}^{(k)}_{h,0} := (U^{(k)}_{h,0} )^3 $.", "\n\n- Let $\\mathbf{V}^{(k)}_{h}$ be the subspace of $\\mathbf{U} ^{(k)}_{h,0}$ with divergence-free member function. ", "That is, $\\mathbf{V}^{(k)}_{h} = \\{{\\mathbf{u}}_h\\in \\mathbf{U}^{(k)}_{h,0} ~|~ \\mbox{div }{\\mathbf{u}}_h=0 \\}=\\mathbf{U} ^{(k)}_{h} \\cap {{\\mathbf{V}}}$.\n\n#### The Raviart-Thomas FEM space ${\\mathbf{RT}}_h$ of degree $m$\n\nDefine $RT^{(m)}_h$ by $$RT^{(m)}_h:=\\{ p_h \\in H(\\mbox{div};\\Omega) \\:\\:|\\:\\: p_h|_K =\n\\mathbf{a}_K+b_K\\mathbf{x}, \\forall K \\in \\mathcal{T}^h \\}\\:.$$ Here, $\\mathbf{a}_K\\in (P^m(K))^3, b_K\\in P^m(K)$. Define the tensor space ${\\mathbf{RT}}^{(m)}_h := ( RT_h^{(m)} )^3$.\n\nFor the FEM spaces defined here, the following properties hold. ", "$$\\label{eq:fem_space_properties} \n\\mbox{div }({\\mathbf{RT}}_h^{(m)}) = {\\mathbf{X}}_h^{(m)}, \\quad \\nabla (U_h^{(k)}) \\subset {\\mathbf{X}}_h^{(k-1)}\\:.$$ We may omit the superscript of degree in the notation for FEM spaces to have, for example, ${\\mathbf{X}}_h$, ${\\mathbf{V}}_h$, ${\\mathbf{RT}}_h$.\n\n#### Construction of ${\\mathbf{V}}_{h}$ \n\nGenerally, it is difficult to construct $\\mathbf{V}_{h}$ directly due to the divergence-free condition. ", "We turn to utilize the Scott-Vogelius type FEM space [@scott1985norm], which handles the divergence-free condition implicitly by utilizing the test functions. ", "$$\\mathbf{V}^{(k)}_{h} = \\{ \\mathbf{v} \\in \\mathbf{U}^{(k)}_{h,0} \\:| \\: ({\\mbox{div}~}\\mathbf{v}, \\eta _h)=0 \\:\\: \\forall \\eta_h \\in X_h^{k-1} \\}\\:.$$ The approximation to the Stokes equation with $\\mathbf{V}_{h}$ reads: Find ${\\mathbf{u}}_h \\in \\mathbf{V}_{h}$ such that $$(\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h, \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h) = ({\\mathbf{f}}, {\\mathbf{v}}_h)\\quad \\forall {\\mathbf{v}}_h \\in \\mathbf{V}_{h}\\:.$$ The saddle point formulation is given by: Find ${\\mathbf{u}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{U}}^{(k)}_{h,0}$, $\\eta_h \\in X^{(k-1)}_{h,0}$, s.t., ", "$$\\label{eq:saddle-point-pro-fem} \n(\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h, \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h) + ({\\mbox{div}~}{\\mathbf{v}}_h, \\eta_h) + \n({\\mbox{div}~}{\\mathbf{u}}_h, \\rho_h) = ({\\mathbf{f}}, {\\mathbf{v}}_h)~~\\forall {\\mathbf{v}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{U}}_{h,0}^{(k)}, \\rho_h \\in X_{h,0}^{(k-1)} \\:.$$\n\nTo have the inf-sup condition hold for the above saddle point problem, we apply the method of S. Zhang [@zhang2005new] to create the tetrahedra division of domains (see detailed description in §\\[sec:numerical-results\\]) and select the degree of FEM spaces as below; $$d = m = k-1, k \\ge 3\\:.$$\n\nLet $P_h$ be the projection $P_h:{\\mathbf{V}}\\to {\\mathbf{V}}_h$ such that, for any ${\\mathbf{v}}\\in {\\mathbf{V}}$ $$\\label{eq:def-Ph}\n (\\nabla ({\\mathbf{v}}- P_h {\\mathbf{v}}) , \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h) = 0, \\quad \\forall {\\mathbf{v}}_h \\in \n{\\mathbf{V}}_h.$$ Thus, the solution ${\\mathbf{u}}_h$ of (\\[eq:saddle-point-pro-fem\\]) is just ${\\mathbf{u}}_h = P_h {\\mathbf{u}}$.\n\nExplicit error estimation for FEM solutions to the Stokes equation {#sec:error-estimation}\n==================================================================\n\nIn this section, we consider the [*a posteriori*]{} and the [*a priori* ]{} error estimation for the finite element method solution to the Stokes equation.", "\n\nAs a preparation, let us introduce the constant $C_{0,h}$, which is used in the error estimation of the $L^2$-projection $\\pi_h :L^2(\\Omega)^3 \\to {\\mathbf{X}}_h$: for any $\\mathbf{u} \\in {\\mathbf{V}}$, $$\\label{eq:c_0_h}\n\\|{\\mathbf{u}}-\\pi_h {\\mathbf{u}}\\| \\le C_{0,h} \\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}\\| \\quad \\quad (C_{0,h}=O(h)) \\:.$$ It is easy to see that the constant $\\widehat{C}_{0,h}$ in the following inequality provides an upper bound for $C_{0,h}$. $$\\label{eq:c_0_h_upper}\n\\|u -\\pi_h u\\| \\le \\widehat{C}_{0,h} \\|\\nabla u \\| \\quad \\forall u \\in H^1(\\Omega) \\:.$$ Here, by using the same notation as in (\\[eq:c\\_0\\_h\\]), $\\pi_h$ denotes the projection $\\pi_h: L^2(\\Omega) \\to X_h$. The explicit bounds of $\\widehat{C}_{0,h}$ and $C_{0,h}$ are given in [§\\[sec:numerical-results\\]]{}.", "\n\nFollowing the idea of [@Kikuchi+Saito2007], let us start with ${\\mathbf{f}}_h:=\\pi_h {\\mathbf{f}}\\in {\\mathbf{X}}_h$ with an auxillary boundary value problem: Find $\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} \\in {\\mathbf{V}}$ such that $$\\label{eq:auxillary_problem}\n(\\nabla \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} , \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}) = ({\\mathbf{f}}_h, {\\mathbf{v}}) \\quad \\forall {\\mathbf{v}}\\in {\\mathbf{V}}\\:.$$ The estimate of $\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}})\\|$ can be obtained by applying the estimation (\\[eq:c\\_0\\_h\\]) of $\\pi_h$ to $(\\ref{eq:stokes}) - (\\ref{eq:auxillary_problem})$: $$(\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}), \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}) = ({\\mathbf{f}}- {\\mathbf{f}}_h, {\\mathbf{v}})\n= ({\\mathbf{f}}- {\\mathbf{f}}_h, (I-\\pi_h){\\mathbf{v}})\n\\le C_{0,h} \\|{\\mathbf{f}}- {\\mathbf{f}}_h\\| \\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}\\| \\:.$$ By further taking ${\\mathbf{v}}:={\\mathbf{u}}-\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}$, we have $$\\label{eq:local-3}\n\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}})\\| \\le C_{0,h} \\|{\\mathbf{f}}-{\\mathbf{f}}_h\\| \\:.$$\n\nDue to the properties in (\\[eq:fem\\_space\\_properties\\]), for any $\\phi_h \\in U_h$ and ${\\mathbf{f}}_h \\in X_h$, we can find ${\\mathbf{p}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{RT}}^h$ such that the following equation holds. ", "$$\\label{eq:ph_cond}\n {\\mbox{div}~}\\mathbf{p}_h + \\nabla \\phi_h + \\mathbf{f}_h=0 \\:.$$\n\n[*A posteriori*]{} error estimation\n-----------------------------------\n\nLet us consider the [*a posteriori*]{} error estimation based on the hypercircle in (\\[eq:hypercircle-eq\\]).", "\n\n\\[thm:a-posteriori-est\\] For ${\\mathbf{f}}\\in L^2(\\Omega)^3$, let ${\\mathbf{u}}$ be the exact solution to the Stokes equation corresponding to ${\\mathbf{f}}$. Let $p_h \\in {\\mathbf{RT}}_h$ be an approximation to $\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}$ satisfying the condition in (\\[eq:ph\\_cond\\]). ", "Then we have an [*a posteriori*]{} error estimation for both ${\\mathbf{u}}_h$ and ${\\mathbf{p}}_h$ $$\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{u}}_h)\\|, ~ \\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{p}}_h\\| \\le \\|{\\mathbf{p}}_h - \\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h\\| + C_{0,h} \\|{\\mathbf{f}}- {\\mathbf{f}}_h\\| \\:.$$\n\nLet $\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}$ be the solution of (\\[eq:auxillary\\_problem\\]). ", "Replace ${\\mathbf{f}}$ with ${\\mathbf{f}}_h$ in Lemma \\[lemma:prager-synge\\], then we have $$\\label{eq:local-1} \n\\|\\nabla (\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}-{{\\mathbf{u}}}_h) \\| \\le \\|{\\mathbf{p}}_h- \\nabla {{\\mathbf{u}}}_h \\|, \\quad \n\\|\\nabla \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} - {\\mathbf{p}}_h \\| \\le \\|{\\mathbf{p}}_h- \\nabla {{\\mathbf{u}}}_h \\|\\:.$$ By applying the triangle inequality, we have $$\\label{eq:local-2}\n\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{u}}_h)\\| \\le \n\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}) \\| +\\|\\nabla (\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}- {{\\mathbf{u}}}_h) \\|\\:.$$ With the estimation in (\\[eq:local-3\\]) and the first inequality of (\\[eq:local-1\\]), we have, $$\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{u}}_h)\\| \\le \\|{\\mathbf{p}}_h - \\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h\\| + C_{0,h} \\|{\\mathbf{f}}- {\\mathbf{f}}_h\\| \\:.$$ Similarly, the estimation for $\\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{p}}_h\\|$ is obtained by noticing $$\\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}- {\\mathbf{p}}_h \\| \\le \n\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}) \\| + \\|\\nabla \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} - {\\mathbf{p}}_h \\|\\:.$$\n\n[*A priori*]{} error estimation\n-------------------------------\n\nLet us introduce a quantity $\\kappa_h$, which will play an important role in the [*a priori*]{} error estimation. ", "$$\\label{eq:def-kappa_h}\n\\kappa_h = \\max_{{\\mathbf{f}}_h \\in \\mathbf{X}_h} ~~\n\\min_{{\\mathbf{p}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{RT}}_h, \\mathbf{v}_h \\in {\\mathbf{V}}_{h}}\n\\frac{\\|\\mathbf{p}_h - \\nabla \\mathbf{v}_h\\|}{\\|{\\mathbf{f}}_h\\|}\\:,$$ where the minimization with respect to $\\mathbf{p}_h$ is subject to the condition (\\[eq:ph\\_cond\\]).", "\n\nBy utilizing the quantity $\\kappa_h$, we obtain the [*a priori*]{} error estimation for FEM solution.", "\n\n\\[eq:main-theorem-a-prirori-est\\] Given $\\mathbf{f} \\in L^2(\\Omega)^3$, let ${\\mathbf{u}}$ be the exact solution to the Stokes equation and ${\\mathbf{u}}_h = P_h {\\mathbf{u}}$. Then, we have $$\\label{eq:c_h}\n\\| {\\mathbf{u}} - {\\mathbf{u}}_h \\| \\le C_h \\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}} - \\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h \\|,\n\\quad\n\\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}} - \\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h \\| \\le C_h \\|{\\mathbf{f}}\\| \n \\:.$$ Here, $$C_h :=\\sqrt{C_{0,h}^2 + \\kappa_h^2}\\:.$$\n\nTake ${\\mathbf{f}}_h:=\\pi_h {\\mathbf{f}}\\in {\\mathbf{X}}_h$ and let $\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}$ be the exact solution to the Stokes equation corresponding to ${\\mathbf{f}}_h$ and $\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}_h = P_h \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}$. From the definition of projection $P_h$, the hypercircle (\\[eq:hypercircle-eq\\]) and the definition of $\\kappa_h$, we have $$\\label{eq:local-a-1}\n\\|\\nabla (\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} - \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}_h ) \\| = \n\\min_{{\\mathbf{v}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{V}}_h} \\|\\nabla (\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} - {{\\mathbf{v}}}_h ) \\|\n \\le \\min_{{\\mathbf{v}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{V}}_h} \\min_{{\\mathbf{p}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{RT}}_h } \\|\\nabla {{\\mathbf{v}}}_h - {\\mathbf{p}}_h \\| \\le \\kappa_h \\|{\\mathbf{f}}_h\\|$$ where the minimization w.r.t. ", "${\\mathbf{p}}_h$ is subject to the condition (\\[eq:ph\\_cond\\]).\\\nBy applying the minimization principle to ${\\mathbf{u}}_h = P_h {\\mathbf{u}}$ and the triangle inequality, we have $$\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{u}}_h)\\| \\le \n\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}_h) \\| \\le \n\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}) \\| +\\|\\nabla (\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}-\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}_h) \\|\\:.$$ Then, we can draw the conclusion from the estimation in (\\[eq:local-3\\]) and (\\[eq:local-a-1\\]). ", "$$\\|\\nabla ({\\mathbf{u}}-{\\mathbf{u}}_h)\\| \n\\le C_{0,h} \\|{\\mathbf{f}}- {\\mathbf{f}}_h\\| + \\kappa_h \\|{\\mathbf{f}}_h\\| \n\\le \\sqrt{C_{0,h}^2 + \\kappa_h ^2} ~ \\|{\\mathbf{f}}\\|.$$ The estimation of $\\| {\\mathbf{u}} - {\\mathbf{u}}_h \\|$ can be obtained by applying the standard the Aubin-Nitsche duality method.", "\n\nComputation of $\\kappa_h$ {#sec:kappa-h-computation}\n-------------------------\n\nIn this subsection, we explain how to calculate the quantity $\\kappa_h$. Given ${\\mathbf{f}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{X}}_h$, let $\\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}$ be the exact solution to the Stokes equation corresponding to ${\\mathbf{f}}_h$, i.e., $$(\\nabla \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}}, \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}) = ({\\mathbf{f}}_h, {\\mathbf{v}}), \\quad \\forall \\in {\\mathbf{V}}.$$ Then, from the hypercircle $$\\|\\nabla \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} -\\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h\\|^2+\n\\|\\nabla \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} -{\\mathbf{p}}_h\\|^2\n=\\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h - {\\mathbf{p}}_h\\|^2\\:,$$ we know that to minimize $\\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h - {\\mathbf{p}}_h\\|$ is equivalent to solve the following two problems. ", "$$\\min_{{\\mathbf{v}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{V}}_h} \\|\\nabla \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} -\\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h\\|,\\quad\n\\min_{\\substack{ {\\mathbf{p}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{RT}}_h \\mbox{\\footnotesize ~subject to (\\ref{eq:ph_cond})}} } \\| \\nabla \\overline{{\\mathbf{u}}} - {\\mathbf{p}}_h\\|\\:.$$ The minimizer ${\\mathbf{u}}_h$ and ${\\mathbf{p}}_h$ can be obtained by solving the following weak problems.", "\n\n- Find ${\\mathbf{u}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{V}}_h$ s.t. ", "$$(\\nabla {{\\mathbf{u}}}_h, \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h) = ({\\mathbf{f}}_h, {\\mathbf{v}}_h), \\quad \\forall {\\mathbf{v}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{V}}_h\\:.$$\n\n Since it is difficult to construct ${\\mathbf{V}}_h$ explicitly, we solve the problem by using ${\\mathbf{U}}_h$ and ${\\mathbf{X}}_h$ [@zhang2005new]: Find ${\\mathbf{u}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{U}}_{h,0}$, $\\eta_h \\in {\\mathbf{X}}_h$, $c\\in R$ s.t. ", "$$\\label{eq:sub-pro-uh}\n (\\nabla {{\\mathbf{u}}}_h, \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h)\n + ( \\mbox{div }{\\mathbf{u}}_h, \\rho_h) \n + ( \\mbox{div }{\\mathbf{v}}_h, \\eta_h) + \n (c, \\rho_h) + (d, \\eta_h)\n = ({\\mathbf{f}}_h, {\\mathbf{v}}_h)\\:,$$ for any ${\\mathbf{v}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{U}}_{h,0}, \\rho_h \\in {\\mathbf{X}}_h, d \\in R$.\n\n- Find ${\\mathbf{p}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{RT}}_h$, $\\eta_h \\in {\\mathbf{X}}_h$, $\\phi_h \\in U_h$ such that $$\\label{eq:sub-pro-ph}\n ({\\mathbf{p}}_h, {\\mathbf{q}}_h) + (\\eta_h, {\\mbox{div}\\:}{\\mathbf{q}}_h + \\nabla \\psi_h) +\n ({\\mbox{div}\\:}{\\mathbf{p}}_h + \\nabla \\phi_h, \\rho_h ) = (-{\\mathbf{f}}_h, \\rho_h)\\:,$$ for any ${\\mathbf{q}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{RT}}_h$, $\\rho_h \\in {\\mathbf{X}}_h$, and $\\psi_h \\in U_h$.\n\nBy taking ${\\mathbf{v}}_h:={\\mathbf{u}}_h$ in (\\[eq:sub-pro-uh\\]) and ${\\mathbf{q}}_h:={\\mathbf{p}}_h$ in (\\[eq:sub-pro-ph\\]), we have the following equalities for the minimizer ${\\mathbf{u}}_h$ and ${\\mathbf{p}}_h$. $$(\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h, \\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h) = ({\\mathbf{f}}_h, {\\mathbf{u}}_h), \\quad\n({\\mathbf{p}}_h, {\\mathbf{p}}_h) = (-\\eta_h, {\\mbox{div}\\:}{\\mathbf{p}}_h + \\nabla \\phi_h) = ({\\mathbf{f}}_h, \\eta_h)\\:.$$ Thus, the error term $\\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h - {\\mathbf{p}}_h\\|$ can be presented by ${\\mathbf{u}}_h$ and $\\eta_h$. $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h - {\\mathbf{p}}_h\\|^2 &=& (\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h - {\\mathbf{p}}_h, \\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h - {\\mathbf{p}}_h) \\\\\n&=&(\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h, \\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h) - 2(\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h,{\\mathbf{p}}_h) + ({\\mathbf{p}}_h,{\\mathbf{p}}_h) \\\\\n&=&({\\mathbf{f}}_h, {\\mathbf{u}}_h) + 2( {\\mathbf{u}}_h, -{\\mathbf{f}}_h - \\nabla \\phi_h) + ({\\mathbf{f}}_h, \\eta_h) \\\\\n&=&({\\mathbf{f}}_h , \\eta_h - {\\mathbf{u}}_h)\\:.\\end{aligned}$$\n\nLet $K_1$, $K_2$ and $K_3$ be the linear operators that map ${\\mathbf{f}}_h$ to ${\\mathbf{u}}_h$, ${\\mathbf{p}}_h$, $\\eta_h$, respectively. ", "Then, the quantity $\\kappa_h$ can be calculated by solving the following problems. ", "$$\\kappa_h^2 = \\max_{{\\mathbf{f}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{X}}_h} \\frac{ \\| \\nabla (K_1 {\\mathbf{f}}_h) - K_2 {\\mathbf{f}}_h\\|^2}{\\|{\\mathbf{f}}_h\\|^2}\n = \\max_{{\\mathbf{f}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{X}}_h} \\frac{ ({\\mathbf{f}}_h, (K_3 - K_1) {\\mathbf{f}}_h) }{\\|{\\mathbf{f}}_h\\|^2}\\:.$$\n\nFor detailed computation of $\\kappa_h$, we can refer to [@Liu+Oishi2013], where a similar $\\kappa_h$ for the Poisson’s equation is discussed and the value of $\\kappa_h$ is solved by solving a matrix eigenvalue problem.", "\n\nAn efficient computation of the approximate value of $\\kappa_h$ is possible by applying iteration methods to solve the matrix eigenvalue problem. ", "In the iteration process, for an approximate eigenvector $f_h$, one can solve the sub problem 1) and 2) with standard linear solvers for sparse matrices. ", "However, the complexity to have a [*guaranteed estimation*]{} of quantity $\\kappa_h$ is much higher than an approximate estimation. ", "Generally, to give an upper bound of the maximum eigenvalue of eigenvalue problem $Ax=\\lambda Bx$, the basic idea is to apply Sylvester’s law of inertia to show that $\\widehat{\\lambda } B - A $ is positive definite for a candidate upper bound $\\widehat{\\lambda}$. In this process, the explicit forms of $A$ and $B$ are required. ", "Thus, one has to calculate the inverse of sparse matrices to create the matrices corresponding to the linear operator $K_1$ and $K_3$, which is quite time-consuming and requires huge computer memory.", "\n\nApplication to eigenvalue problem of Stokes operators {#sec:application-to-eigenvalue}\n=====================================================\n\nIn this section, we apply the [*a priori*]{} error estimation to the eigenvalue estimation problem for the Stokes operator: Find ${\\mathbf{u}}\\in {\\mathbf{V}}$ and $\\lambda \\in R$ such that $$\\label{eq:stokes_eig_pro}\n(\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}, \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}) = \\lambda ({\\mathbf{u}}, {\\mathbf{v}}) \\quad\\forall {\\mathbf{v}}\\in {\\mathbf{V}}\\:.$$ Denote the eigenvalues of the above problem by $\\lambda_1 \\le \\lambda_2 \\le \\cdots$. The FEM approach for the Stokes eigenvalue problem is as follows. ", "Find ${\\mathbf{u}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{V}}_h$ and $\\lambda_h \\in R$ such that $$\\label{eq:stokes_eig_pro_h}\n(\\nabla {\\mathbf{u}}_h, \\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}_h) = \\lambda_h ({\\mathbf{u}}_h, {\\mathbf{v}}_h) \\quad\\forall {\\mathbf{v}}_h \\in {\\mathbf{V}}_h\\:.$$ Denote the approximate eigenvalues by $\\lambda_{h,1} \\le \\lambda_{h,2} \\le \\cdots \\le \\lambda_{h,n}$ ($n=\\mbox{dim}({\\mathbf{V}}_h)$). ", "Since ${\\mathbf{V}}_h \\subset {\\mathbf{V}}$, the min-max principle assures that the FEM approximation $\\lambda_{h,k}$ gives upper bound for the exact eigenvalue $\\lambda_k$.\n\nNext theorem is a direct result by applying Theorem 2.1 of Liu [@Liu2015] to the Stokes eigenvalue problem (\\[eq:stokes\\_eig\\_pro\\]).", "\n\n\\[thm:eig-lower-bound\\] Let $P_h$ be the project defined in (\\[eq:def-Ph\\]). ", "Then, the eigenvalue $\\lambda_{k}$ of (\\[eq:stokes\\_eig\\_pro\\]) has a lower bound as\n\n$$\\label{eq:eig_lower_bound}\n\\lambda_k \\ge \\frac{\\lambda_{h,k}}{1+C_h^2 \\lambda_{h,k}} (=: \\underline{\\lambda}_{h,k})\n,\\quad k=1,2,\\cdots, \\mbox{dim}({\\mathbf{V}}_h).$$\n\nThe original Theorem 2.1 in [@Liu2015] also works for non-conforming FEM space. ", "In [@Xie2-Liu-JJIAM-2018], the Crouzeix-Raviart non-conforming FEM is utilized to bound the eigenvalue of the Stokes operator on 2D domains. ", "In case of 3D domains, let the approximate eigenvalue obtained by the Crouzeix-Raviart FEM space be $\\lambda_{h,k}^{NC}$, then we have $$\\label{eq:eig_lower_bound}\n\\lambda_k \\ge \\frac{\\lambda_{h,k}^{NC}}{1+(0.3804h)^2 \\lambda_{h,k}^{NC}} (=: \\underline{\\lambda}_{h,k}^{NC})\n,\\quad k=1,2,\\cdots, \\mbox{dim}({\\mathbf{V}}_h).$$ Here, the quantity $0.3804$ comes from the estimation in [@Liu2015]. ", "The lower bounds based on the [*a priori*]{} estimation and the one based on the non-conforming FEM space are compared in the section of numerical computations.", "\n\nNumerical computations {#sec:numerical-results}\n======================\n\nIn this section, we solve the Stokes equation over several 3D domains, including the cube domain, the L-shape domain and the cube-minus-cube domain.", "\n\nTo have a stable computing of the Stokes equation, we apply Zhang’s method [@zhang2005new] in the mesh generation process. ", "First, each domain is subdivided into uniform small cubes. ", "Then each cube is divided into 5 tetrahedra. ", "Finally, by following Zhang’s method, each tetrahedron is partitioned into $4$ sub-tetrahedra by using the barycentric of the tetrahedron. ", "Note that for 2D case, a mesh without degenerate point is required for a stable computation [@scott1985norm].", "\n\nLet $h$ be the edge of length of small cubes in the subdivision. ", "From the results in [@JCAM-LIU-2020], we have an upper bound for the Poincaré constant over the special tetrahedra resulted by Zhang’s subdivision method. ", "$$\\label{eq:poincare-constant-bound}\n C_{0,h} \\le \\widehat{C}_{0,h} \\le 0.284 h ~~ (h: \\mbox{the largest edge length of sub-cubes}) .$$\n\nFor the FEM spaces over the mesh, the degrees of FEM function spaces are selected such that $d=m=k-1(\\ge 2)$. The selection of $k \\ge 3$ will make sure the regularity of matrices in the computation. ", "However, since many linear solvers can also deal with the cases with singular matrices, we also show the computation results for $d=m=1, k=2$. Notice that it is difficult to obtain guaranteed estimation for $\\kappa_h$ with $k=2$.\n\nTo have rigorous bounds for the estimation of $\\kappa_h$ and $C_h$, we apply the verified computation method in the computation and use the INTLAB toolbox [@INTLAB] for interval arithmetic. ", "However, since the algorithm in verified computation of eigenvalues involves inverse computation of sparse matrices, the verified computation requires huge computer memory and the computation takes longer time than approximate computation. ", "See the comparison of resource consuming in Table \\[table:approximate\\_vs\\_verified\\_computation\\]. ", "For the approximate estimation of $\\kappa_h$, the involved matrix eigenvalue problem for a dense mesh is solved by using the SLEPc eigenvalue solver in the PETSc library [@slepc-toms; @petsc-efficient].", "\n\nIn the last subsection, we also solve the eigenvalue problem (\\[eq:stokes\\_eig\\_pro\\]) on a cube domain to estimate the Poincaré constant over the divergence-free space $V$.\n\n[*A priori*]{} error estimation over 3D domains\n-----------------------------------------------\n\nThis subsection displays the [*a priori*]{} error estimation results for several 3D domains. ", "In the tables of the computation results, \\#Elt denotes the number of elements and DOF denotes the largest degree of freedoms (DOF) of the FEM spaces involved in evaluating the quantity $\\kappa_h$.\n\n#### Cube domain\n\nFor the unit cube domain $\\Omega=(0,1)^3$, the computation results with $k=2$ and $k=3$ are listed in Table \\[table:cube\\_domain\\_results\\_k\\_as\\_2\\] and \\[table:cube\\_domain\\_results\\_k\\_as\\_3\\], respectively. ", "In this case, we confirm the convergence rate of $C_h$ in both cases is about one.", "\n\n[c|c|c|ccc|c]{}\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nN & \\#Elt & DOF & $\\kappa_h$ & $C_{0,h}$ & $C_h$ & Order\\\n1 & 20 & 886 & 1.34E-1 & 2.84E-1 & 3.14E-1 & -\\\n2 & 160 & 6774 & 1.04E-1 & 1.42E-1 & 1.76E-1 & 0.84\\\n4 & 1280 & 53050 & 5.54E-2 & 7.10E-2 & 9.01E-2 & 0.97\\\n8 & 10240 & 420018 & 2.83E-2 & 3.55E-2 & 4.54E-2 & 0.99\\\n\n[c|c|ccc|c]{}\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nN & DOF & $\\kappa_h$ & $C_{0,h}$ & $C_h$ & Order\\\n1 & 2284 & & & & -\\\n2 & 17664 & & & & 0.99\\\n3 & 139030 & 3.23E-2 & 7.10E-2 & 7.80E-2 & 1.00\\\n4 & 1103370 & 1.61E-2 & 3.55E-2 & 3.90E-2 & 1.00\\\n\n\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n[Note: Underlined numbers are rigorous bounds by using verified computation. ", "Approximate esitmation shows that $\\kappa_h\\approx 0.121$ for $N=1$, $\\kappa_h\\approx 0.0652$ for $N=2$.]{}\n\n[|c|c|c|]{}\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n& Approximate scheme & Verified computation\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nComputer memory & 19.7MB & 205.8MB\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nComputing time & 0.5 second & 54.8 seconds\\\n\n#### L-shaped domain\n\nWe consider the L-shaped domain $\\Omega:=((-1,1)^2 \\setminus [-1,0]^2)\\times (0,1)$. The domain is consisted of three unit cubes. ", "The [*a priori*]{} error estimation results are displayed in Table \\[table:L\\_domain\\_results\\_k\\_as\\_2\\] and \\[table:L\\_domain\\_results\\_k\\_as\\_3\\]. ", "Here, $N$ denotes the number of sub-cubes along $z$ direction in the subdivision process. ", "Since the domain is non-convex, the solution of Stokes equation may have singularity around the re-entrant boundary, which will cause a dropped convergence rate.", "\n\n[c|cc|cccc]{}\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nN & \\#Elt & DOF & $\\kappa_h$ & $C_{0,h}$ & $C_h$ & Order\\\n1 & 60 & 2640 & 1.36E-1 & 2.84E-1 & 3.15E-1 & -\\\n2 & 480 & 20126 & 1.27E-1 & 1.42E-1 & 1.91E-1 & 0.7\\\n3 & 3840 & 158410 & 7.67E-2 & 7.10E-2 & 1.05E-1 & 0.9\\\n4 & 30720 & 1257170 & 4.83E-2 & 3.55E-2 & 5.99E-2 & 0.8\\\n\n[c|c|ccc|c]{}\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nN & DOF & $\\kappa_h$ & $C_{0,h}$ & $C_h$ & Order\\\n1 & 6746 & (1.22E-1) & & & -\\\n2 & 52604 & 8.00E-2 & 1.42E-1 & 1.63E-1 & 0.96\\\n4 & 415598 & 4.43E-2 & 7.10E-2 & 8.37E-1 & 0.96\\\n8 & 3304250 & 2.92E-2 & 3.55E-2 & 4.59E-2 & 0.87\\\n\n\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n[Note: Approximate esitmation shows that $\\kappa_h\\approx$ 1.22E-1 for $N=1$.]{}\n\n#### Cube-minus-cube domain\n\nLet us consider the Stokes equation over a cube-minus-cube domain $\\Omega:=((0,2)^3 \\setminus [1,2]^3)$, which is consisted of $7$ unit cubes. ", "In the mesh generation process, denote by $N$ the number of sub-cubes along $z$ direction. ", "Notice that the initial domain has $N=2$ while the edge length of sub-cube is $1$. The computational results are listed in Table \\[table:cube\\_minus\\_cube\\_domain\\_results\\_k\\_2\\] and \\[table:cube\\_minus\\_cube\\_domain\\_results\\_k\\_3\\]. ", "To have verified bound for $\\kappa_h$, it takes about 2.4 hours and about 9GB memory for the case $N=2$. Moreover, due to the accumulation of rounding error in verified computing, the estimated rigorous bound of $\\kappa_h$ is about $1.4$ times of the approximation obtained by the classical numerical library SLEPc [@slepc-toms].", "\n\n[c|cc|ccc|c]{}\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nN & \\#Elt & DOF & $\\kappa_h$ & $C_{0,h}$ & $C_h$ & Order\\\n2 & 140 & 5962 & 2.02E-1 & 2.84E-1 & 3.49E-1 & -\\\n4 & 1120 & 46554 & 1.33E-1 & 1.42E-1 & 1.94E-1 & 0.85\\\n8 & 8960 & 368050 & 8.19E-2 & 7.10E-2 & 1.08E-1 & 0.84\\\n16 & 8960 & 2927202 & 5.30E-2 & 3.55E-2 & 6.38E-2 & 0.77\\\n\n\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n[c|c|ccc|c]{}\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nN & DOF & $\\kappa_h$ & $C_{0,h}$ & $C_h$ & Order\\\n2 & 15526 & & & & -\\\n4 & 121926 & 8.52E-1 & 1.42E-1 & 1.66E-1 & 1.03\\\n8 & 966538 & 4.64E-1 & 7.10E-2 & 8.48E-2 & 0.97\\\n16 & 7697298 & 3.19E-2 & 3.55E-2 & 4.77E-2 & 0.83\\\n\n\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n[ Note: Approximate estimation shows that $\\kappa_h\\approx$ 1.57E-1 for $N=2$.]{}\n\nApplication to the estimation of Poincaré constant {#sub-sec:application-to-eigenvalue-pro}\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nWe apply the [*a priori* ]{} to estimate the Poincaré constant by solving the corresponding eigenvalue problem of the Stokes operator over the unit cube domain. ", "The Poincaré constant $C_p$ over ${\\mathbf{V}}$ is the optimal quantity to make the following inequality hold. ", "$$\\|{\\mathbf{v}}\\|_{L^2(\\Omega)} \\le C_p \\|\\nabla {\\mathbf{v}}\\|_{L^2(\\Omega)}\\quad \\forall {\\mathbf{v}}\\in {\\mathbf{V}}\\:.$$ Th constant $C_p$ is determined by the first eigenvalue of the Stokes operator defined in (\\[eq:stokes\\_eig\\_pro\\]). ", "That is, $C_p=1/\\sqrt{\\lambda_1}$\n\nRecall the Poincaré constant $C_p'$ over $H_0^1(\\Omega)$ such that, $$\\label{eq:cp_dash}\n \\|v \\| \\le C_p' \\| \\nabla v \\| \\quad \\forall v \\in H_0^1(\\Omega)\\:.$$ It is easy to see that $C_p \\le C_p'$. The estimation of $C_p'$ has the optimal value as $C_p'=\\sqrt{3}/(3\\pi)\\approx 0.183776\\cdots$ for the unit cube domain. ", "The equality in (\\[eq:cp\\_dash\\]) holds for $v=\\sin\\pi x \\sin\\pi y \\sin\\pi z$.\n\nBy applying the lower bound estimation in (\\[eq:eig\\_lower\\_bound\\]) along with the explicit value of projection error quantity $C_h$ in Table \\[table:cube\\_domain\\_results\\_k\\_as\\_3\\], we obtain the two-side bounds for both $\\lambda_1$ and $C_p$. As a comparison, the lower bounds based on the Crouzeix-Raviart nonconforming method are also provided. ", "The estimation results are displayed in Table \\[table:poincare\\_constant\\_3d\\].", "\n\n[c|ccc|c|c]{}\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nh & $C_h$ & $\\lambda_{h,1}$ & $\\underline{\\lambda}_{h,1}$ & $\\underline{\\lambda}^{NC}_{h,1}$ & Estimation of $C_p$\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n1 & 3.14E-1 & 189.46 & 9.62 & 2.89 & 0.072 $\\le C_p \\le $ 0.323\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n1/2 & 1.76E-1 & 65.06 & 21.63 & 9.82 & 0.123 $\\le C_p \\le $ 0.215\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n1/4 & 9.01E-2 & 62.31 & 41.37 & 27.05& 0.126 $\\le C_p \\le $ 0.156\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n1/8 & 4.54E-2 & 62.18 & 55.11 & 46.97 & 0.127 $\\le C_p \\le $ 0.135\\\n\n\\\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n[Note: $C'_p \\approx 0.183776$ gives a rough bound for $C_p$.]{}\n\nConclusion {#conclusion .unnumbered}\n==========\n\nFor the Stokes equation over general 3D domains, an explicit error estimation for the finite element approximation is proposed. ", "The difficulty in dealing with the divergence-free condition is solved by introducing the extended hypercircle method and utilizing the conforming FEM space provided by the Scott-Vogelius scheme and Zhang’s mesh. ", "The resulted estimation plays an important role in the computer-assisted proof for the solution existence verification to the Navier–Stokes equation, which will be challenged in the next step of our research. ", "0.5cm\n\n[^1]: The first author is supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) 16H03950, 20H01820 and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) 18K03411. ", "The second author is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) 18K03434. ", "The last author is supported by JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR14D4, Japan.", "\n" ]

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[ "The inventive concept relates to a method and apparatus for controlling a motor, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for adaptively controlling a motor by considering a state of disturbance applied to a system.", "\nA disk drive is a type of data storage device. ", "A disk drive rotates a disk using a spindle motor, and writes data into disk or reads data from the disk by using a head. ", "The manner in which the spindle motor is controlled affects data reading and/or writing performance of the disk drive." ]

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[ "Production has resumed on the sixth and final season of “House of Cards,” Netflix announced Wednesday.", "\n\nProduction on the series was originally shut down in October after allegations of sexual assault and harassment were made against series star Kevin Spacey. ", "Shortly after production was suspended, Netflix and studio Media Rights Capital (MRC) announced that they were severing ties with Spacey, with Netflix also cancelling a planned Gore Vidal biopic in which Spacey was to star.", "\n\nSeason 6 of the political thriller will consist of eight episodes, with Robin Wright starring. ", "Michael Kelly, Jayne Atkinson, Patricia Clarkson, Constance Zimmer, Derek Cecil, Campbell Scott and Boris McGiver will also star. ", "The show is one of Netflix’s original breakout hits, having been nominated for 53 Emmys throughout its run.", "\n\nIn addition, Diane Lane and Greg Kinnear have joined the final season. ", "The details of their roles are being kept under wraps, but it is known the two will play siblings.", "\n\nLane was nominated for an Academy Award in 2003 for her leading role in the film “Unfaithful.” ", "She has also been nominated for two Emmys and three Golden Globes. ", "She is known for roles in films like “Under the Tuscan Sun,” “Chaplin,” and the recent DC universe films as Martha Kent. ", "She will also appear in the upcoming Amazon series “The Romanoffs.”", "\n\nKinnear is known for roles in films such as “As Good As It Gets,” for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, “Little Miss Sunshine,” and the miniseries “The Kennedys.”", "\n\nLane is repped by UTA and Weintraub Tobin. ", "Kinnear is repped by WME and attorney Rick Genow." ]

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[ "Strategy and regulatory mechanisms of glutamate feeding to enhance astaxanthin yield in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.", "\nXanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is an excellent industrial source for production of natural astaxanthin, but the yield of astaxanthin is relative low due to the contradiction between biomass weight and astaxanthin accumulation. ", "Glutamate, a metabolite connecting nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, is probably a promising entry point to interfere cellular metabolisms. ", "Thus, the effect of glutamate on cell growth and astaxanthin accumulation in X. dendrorhous was investigated. ", "Results showed that glutamate feeding facilitated glucose consumption and further led to the increment of astaxanthin content with little influence of cell growth. ", "A comparative proteomics study was applied to decipher the regulatory mechanisms of enhanced astaxanthin biosynthesis in X. dendrorhous as a response to the glutamate feeding. ", "The expressions of proteins with the highest degree of fold change were involved in carbohydrate, amino acids, and carotenogenesis metabolisms as well as redox and stress-associated metabolisms. ", "In addition, a possible regulatory model of enhanced astaxanthin accumulation in response to glutamate feeding in X. dendrorhous is also proposed." ]

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[ "Author\nTopic: 2009: Worst Distribution Year Ever? (", "Read 9747 times)\n\nI live just south of STL. ", "Gotta say, that it definitely does take work and effort to find things (at least find them early). ", "I'd rather find this stuff at the stores than online any day though, because that adds to the thrill of getting something new.", "\n\nI have never missed on a single figure at retail, but that's because I go on a bit of a toy run practically every day of the week, and have a good number of Walmarts, Targets and TRU in my area. ", "I absolutely have to be persistent, but I've always had to be. ", "I can't expect to go on just one run every two weeks and count on finding anything in the stores that I don't already have.", "\n\nOrdering online and getting a package full of figures is pretty cool though...it's like having little Christmas mornings sporadically all year...\n\nI enjoy the thrill of the hunt too much so I only order new stuff online as a last resort - or if I'm very impatient on whatever item. ", "I'm at a Target every single day of the week, but I'll go on crazy hunts on weekends when there's a bunch of new stuff hitting.", "\n\nI've gone to mostly online ordering as well. ", "I've had good luck with both BBTS and HTS, and have almost always gotten the figures a few weeks before retail (if not more). ", "I enjoy finding stuff at retail as well, and still do my CW figure hunting that way, but the Legacy stuff is just so spotty anymore. ", "We have three Wal-Marts, three Targets, and one TRU in town - so there aren't a ton of stores to choose from. ", "Plus the fact that I really only visit three of those stores (1 WM, 1 Target, and TRU) on a regular basis, since the others are a bit more of a drive. ", "Like some have already mentioned, it is tough to find time for \"toy runs\" these days - especially with a little one and all of that. ", "Once the next wave of exclusives (like the AT-ST and Dewback) start hitting, I'll probably try to do that a little more though.", "\n\nI ordered the TPM wave from HTS and today, naturally, I find them at Target. ", "Only the AOTC wave has been absent here, which has to be the first MIA wave in these parts since... end of run POTJ. ", "It's been more challenging this year for sure. ", "I'm getting to where hunting for it is less and less fun (but finding stuff always is), so ordering online is fine for me.", "\n\nI live just south of STL. ", "Gotta say, that it definitely does take work and effort to find things (at least find them early). ", "I'd rather find this stuff at the stores than online any day though, because that adds to the thrill of getting something new.", "\n\nI have never missed on a single figure at retail, but that's because I go on a bit of a toy run practically every day of the week, and have a good number of Walmarts, Targets and TRU in my area. ", "I absolutely have to be persistent, but I've always had to be. ", "I can't expect to go on just one run every two weeks and count on finding anything in the stores that I don't already have.", "\n\nOrdering online and getting a package full of figures is pretty cool though...it's like having little Christmas mornings sporadically all year...\n\nNot arguing with that - I still order online from time to time. ", "I just don't rely on it as my main source of figures is all I meant.", "\n\n1. ", "I've noticed that several new waves of Clone Wars figures seem to be hitting stores at the same time. ", "Will the upcoming Legacy waves be released in a similar fashion to ensure they make it to stores by the end of the year? ", "It seems like a pretty tight schedule to release five waves of figures in four months.", "\n\nAnswer: We don't know for certain how the Legacy/Droid Factory waves will flow out, only because sales have really been dropping on this line compared to Clone Wars, and we do not know when (we won't say *if*) all of the planned waves will be able to get to retail. ", "We are doing our best to try and read the landscape and adjust to release quantities to get everything out. ", "We are committed to manufacturing every wave we have shown, so even if distribution at retail is spotty, it should be available through online retailers.", "\n\nThat is really ******* bull**** if you ask me. ", "Things don't sell if they can't be found or bought in the first place. ", "Hasbro seems to really be out to kill the Legacy line for some strangely odd reason. ", "Clone Wars sells - yes it does I give them that. ", "You know what the f- doesn't? ", "The loads of Legends they think does.", "\n\nTotal bunch of **** on this answer....\n\nedit - no need to circumvent the language filter since you can turn it off if you want to see the \"bad\" words. ", "jls\n\nYeah, this year is pretty bad. ", "I remember never finding the Commtech Motti/Leia wave, nor the TC-14 wave at retail, and POTJ was pretty spotty at the end there, but now there's going to be what, 5 waves of stuff in absurdly limited distribution? ", "I'll agree this has been the worst year, but I think we saw it coming once CW became a hit. ", "I just wish it wasn't at the expense of the best product Hasbro has ever done.", "\n\nI have never missed on a single figure at retail, but that's because I go on a bit of a toy run practically every day of the week, and have a good number of Walmarts, Targets and TRU in my area. ", "I absolutely have to be persistent, but I've always had to be. ", "I can't expect to go on just one run every two weeks and count on finding anything in the stores that I don't already have.", "\n\nYes, it's much better to be persistent & waste time & gas by going on daily toy hunts at multiple stores. ", "It's for the \"thrill\" of finding something new. ", "Makes so much sense...\n\nI'm doing ok on \"once-a-week\" toy runs and then just hitting the local stores when I'm out anyway... But yeah, if I could get things online (Hasbro would be my preferred way, honestly), without the hastle of extras, I'd probably be more keen on that... I do at times, but it's become more out of necessity than anything since new waves of figures are a rarity right now.", "\n\nHasbro's very honest answers in the QNA this week about their doubts on prodouct levels and distribution for Legacy, and the fact they're not shipping any to Canada, has nudged me toward pre-ordering everything online. ", "I don't do as many runs as I used to, and I think HTS will be as a good a source as any, but I'm not taking any chances.", "\n\nHasbro's very honest answers in the QNA this week about their doubts on prodouct levels and distribution for Legacy, and the fact they're not shipping any to Canada, has nudged me toward pre-ordering everything online. ", "I don't do as many runs as I used to, and I think HTS will be as a good a source as any, but I'm not taking any chances.", "\n\nThat's probably the smart thing to do as a collector. ", "My concern is that when sales rates decline at retail because we're all ordering online, there will no longer be any reason for retailers to carry anything but CW for the kids. ", "If its not turning fast enough at Wal-Mart and Target, the Legacy line will go away.", "\n\nYes, it's much better to be persistent & waste time & gas by going on daily toy hunts at multiple stores. ", "It's for the \"thrill\" of finding something new. ", "Makes so much sense...\n\nWell, it makes a lot more sense than assigning the same DPCI # to multiple items so that customers can't call up on the phone and confirm what specific items are actually in stock.", "\n\nThe absurdity of the retail inventory system, coupled with the gross incompetence and unwillingness to help exhibited by most retail employees, essentially demands in person stock checks at multiple outlets, at least if you want to be assured of scoring whatever limited quantity of new product they decide to throw out to the shelf.", "\n\nI think the sarcasm is misplaced. ", "Why does it matter how other people see fit to spend their time and money in pursuit of their hobby anyway?", "\n\nLogged\n\nSlice you open like a tauntaun, faster than the Autobahn, Or a motorbike in Tron, do the deed and then I'm gone.", "\n\nYes, it's much better to be persistent & waste time & gas by going on daily toy hunts at multiple stores. ", "It's for the \"thrill\" of finding something new. ", "Makes so much sense...\n\nWell, it makes a lot more sense than assigning the same DPCI # to multiple items so that customers can't call up on the phone and confirm what specific items are actually in stock.", "\n\nThe absurdity of the retail inventory system, coupled with the gross incompetence and unwillingness to help exhibited by most retail employees, essentially demands in person stock checks at multiple outlets, at least if you want to be assured of scoring whatever limited quantity of new product they decide to throw out to the shelf.", "\n\nI think the sarcasm is misplaced. ", "Why does it matter how other people see fit to spend their time and money in pursuit of their hobby anyway?", "\n\nDon't worry about FG - he only shows up once in a while to make himself feel better by putting others down. ", "That's why he can't fathom that people might be going to Target or Wal-Mart for other shopping needs for some of their trips or that people might actually like getting their butts off the sofa togo browse the toy section. ", "Heaven forbid you should be more than ten feet from your toilet or your fridge FG!", "\n\nI used to make plenty of store runs on the hunt in my younger days and there was definitely something of a \"rush\" in finding new stuff in person at the shelf. ", "These days, I have much less time and can rely more on the JD network to help track down new stuff locally. ", "For me, the internet is just another option to help track things down if all else fails or a good deal pops up.", "\n\nI think the sarcasm is misplaced. ", "Why does it matter how other people see fit to spend their time and money in pursuit of their hobby anyway?", "\n\nYour time will be better spent staring at the wall than answering any of his replies. ", "Listen to JJ, he nailed him to a T.\n\nI do not have the drive to hunt like the old days but I love buying this stuff more than ever. ", "Persistence has always been a part of collecting SWs. ", "I was just reminded of that with the WM Droid Factory line. ", "It seems future realistic stuff will be trickier to get for awhile with Hasbro's cutback. ", "Dark times these are." ]

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[ "// Copyright (c) 2018-present, Cruise LLC\n//\n// This source code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0,\n// found in the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.", "\n// You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n\n@import \"~webviz-core/src/styles/colors.module.scss\";\n\n$panelToolbarHeight: 26px;\n$panelToolbarSpacing: 4px;\n\n.iconContainer {\n padding-top: $panelToolbarSpacing;\n display: flex;\n flex: 0 0 auto;\n align-items: center;\n margin-left: $panelToolbarSpacing;\n flex-direction: row;\n min-height: $panelToolbarHeight - $panelToolbarSpacing;\n padding: 2px 2px 2px 6px;\n svg {\n font-size: 14px;\n }\n}\n\n.panelName {\n font-size: 10px;\n opacity: 0.5;\n margin-right: 4px;\n}\n\n.panelToolbarContainer {\n transition: transform 80ms ease-in-out, opacity 80ms ease-in-out;\n display: flex;\n flex: 0 0 auto;\n flex-direction: row;\n justify-content: flex-end;\n background-color: $toolbar-fixed;\n padding: $panelToolbarSpacing;\n\n &.floating {\n position: absolute;\n right: 0;\n // leave some room for possible scrollbar\n padding-right: 8px;\n top: 0;\n width: 100%;\n z-index: 5000;\n background-color: transparent;\n transform: translateY(-10px);\n pointer-events: none;\n opacity: 0;\n\n * {\n pointer-events: auto;\n }\n\n &.hasChildren {\n left: 0;\n background-color: $toolbar-fixed;\n }\n\n &:not(.hasChildren) .iconContainer {\n background-color: $toolbar;\n border-radius: 4px;\n box-shadow: 0 6px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n }\n }\n\n &:not(.floating) {\n min-height: $panelToolbarHeight + $panelToolbarSpacing;\n }\n\n &.floatingShow {\n transform: translateY(0);\n opacity: 1;\n }\n}\n\n.icon,\n.dragIcon {\n font-size: 14px;\n margin: 0 0.2em;\n}\n\n.dragIcon {\n cursor: move;\n}\n" ]

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[ "Employment Committee recommend massive pay rise for Chief Executive\n\nJim Taylor\n\nThe Employment Committee of Rochdale Council has recommended that the Chief Executive of Rochdale Council be given a pay rise with a potential salary of £175,000 in a meeting this afternoon (Thursday 28 November).", "\n\n\n\nThe committee have given their recommendations to the Overview and Scrutiny, meeting this evening, outlining a pay range option with progression based on \"performance\". ", "Mr Taylor will therefore be begin with a salary of £145,000 from January 1 2014 and could potentially earn up to £175,000 over the coming years.", "\n\n\n\nThis step comes after the decision was made to postpone the discussion of the pay rises at the last council meeting in October.", "\n\n\n\nIf the recommendations are agreed by full council in a meeting scheduled to take place in December, Jim Taylor could be on a progressive scale which looks like this: £145,000, £152,500, £160,000, £167,500 and finally £175,000.", "\n\n\n\nCouncillor Peter Rush was the only member of the committee not to agree the recommendation.", "\n\nEmployment Committee Members Present\n\nCouncillor Daalat Ali (Labour)\n\nCouncillor Jacqueline Beswick (Labour)\n\nCouncillor Robert Clegg (Conservative)\n\nCouncillor Terry Linden (Labour)\n\nCouncillor Linda Robinson (Labour)\n\nCouncillor Peter Rush (Lib Dem)\n\nCouncillor June West (Labour)\n\nPay rises for the director posts were also discussed at the meeting. ", "The committee recommended that the Deputy Chief Executive, the Director of Finance and the Director of Economy and Environment be moved up to a salary of £91,464 from 1 January 2014 with a six point scale of progression.", "\n\n\n\nThis was agreed by all members of the committee.", "\n\n\n\nThe recommendations will now be heard at the Overview and Scrutiny meeting taking place this evening (Thursday 28 November). ", "A final decision will then be made at the full council meeting on Wednesday 11 December.", "\n\n\n\nhttp://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/2/news-headlines/83117/a-remarkable-week-even-for-rochdale" ]

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[ "Coleophora vancouverensis\n\nColeophora vancouverensis is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. ", "It is found in Canada.", "\n\nThe larvae feed on the leaves of Grindelia species. ", "They create an annulate case.", "\n\nReferences\n\nvancouverensis\nCategory:Moths of Canada" ]

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[ "Strain specificities in cellular and molecular immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in aged rats.", "\nTo understand strain-specificities of immune system in aged rats and their immunopathological implications, CD4+ T lymphocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was studied in two strains. ", "Upon immunization for EAE, 22-24-month-old Albino Oxford (AO) rats developed milder neurological deficit of prolonged duration compared with their Dark Agouti (DA) counterparts. ", "Consistently, they exhibited: (i) diminished neuroantigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocyte generation in draining lymph nodes (reflecting lower density of high-affinity IL-2 receptor complex on their surface and higher CD4+FoxP3+CD25+ regulatory cell frequency); (ii) less favorable spinal cord expression of CXCL12 and CCL2, and consequently diminished infiltration of neuroantigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes, including highly pathogenic IL-17+IFN-γ+ ones, and inflammatory monocytes into the spinal cord and (iii) subsequently impaired CD4+ T lymphocyte reactivation/survival and differentiation into highly pathogenic IL-17+ cells (reflecting downregulated expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-23/p19). ", "On the other hand, when the neurological deficit reached maximum/plateau, in AO rat spinal cord was found lower CD4+FoxP3+CD25+ cell frequency followed by higher frequency of IL-10-producing CD8+ T cells, which most likely also belong to regulatory T lymphocytes. ", "Thus, the altered relation between regulatory T cell and effector CD4+ T cell subsets was linked with persistence of mild neuroinflammation in AO rat EAE model." ]

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[ "Guardians of the Galaxy gets a writer!", "\n\nI’ll be honest with you, I don’t know anything about the Guardians of the Galaxy, that’s more CW’s realm; but I will get on it, because I’m a huge Marvel fan, and it seems that whatever they’ve been doing in these movies is AMAZING. ", "So, if you know about them, comment and we can share thoughts and high-five and see each other at the midnight premiere in 2014. ", "In the meantime, we’ll be updating you with tidbits. ", "One such tidbit is below:\n\nChris McCoy will script the GUARDIANS OF THE GALAXY movie for Marvel – Nicole Perlman had made a previous run at the property. ", "Per THIS piece at THR..\n\n…the movie’s lineup will include Drax the Destroyer, a human resurrected as a green warrior with the sole purpose of killing Thanos (the villain in the Avengers final-scene tease); Groot, a giant tree-man; Star-Lord, a gun-toting half-human/half-alien intergalactic vigilante; Rocket Raccoon, a genetically engineered animal with a knack for guns and explosives; and Gamora, the last survivor of her species who was saved by Thanos to be his assassin but now battles him.", "\n\nI did a little research on Mr. McCoy and it seems he’s unknown, only cranking out a few scripts that never were produced. ", "Whatever. ", "Marvel likes to take gambles and for their recent movies, it’s paid off. ", "Bring on the talking Raccoon I say!" ]

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[ "Left ear dichotic listening performance on consonant-vowel combinations and digits in subtypes of reading-disabled children.", "\nTwenty reading comprehension-disabled (CD) and 20 reading comprehension and word recognition-disabled (CWRD), right-handed male children were matched with 20 normal-achieving age-matched controls and 20 normal-achieving reading level-matched controls and tested for left ear report on dichotic listening tasks using digits and consonant-vowel combinations (CVs). ", "Left ear report for CVs and digits did not correlate for any of the groups. ", "Both reading-disabled groups showed lower left ear report on digits. ", "On CVs the CD group showed a high left ear report but only when there were no priming precursors, such as directions to attend right first and to process digits first. ", "Priming effects interfered with the processing of both digits and CVs. ", "Theoretically, the CWRD group seems to be characterized by a depressed right hemisphere, whereas the CD group may have a more labile right hemisphere, perhaps tending to overengagement for CV tasks but vulnerable to situational precursors in the form of priming effects. ", "Implications extend to (1) subtyping practices in research with the learning-disabled, (2) inferences drawn from studies using different dichotic stimuli, and (3) the neuropsychology of reading disorders." ]

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[ "Fraser Scott\n\nBrigadier Fraser Scott (9 September 1919 – 6 July 2015) was Director of Weapons for the British Army. ", "After his retirement from the army, he founded the Defence Manufacturers' Association in 1976. ", "He was born in Salisbury's Cathedral Close. ", "His father was a gunnery instructor on Salisbury Plain.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:1919 births\nCategory:2015 deaths\nCategory:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford\nCategory:Royal Artillery officers" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPyCharm & IronPython Codecompletion?", "\n\nI have PyCharm 3.0 installed for Windows and installed IronPython 2.7.4 installed.", "\nBut it appears that i am not able to get references and it wont recognize .net classes to some degree.", "\nLet me give you a simple example:\nimport clr\nclr.", "AddReference(\"System.", "Windows.", "Forms\")\n\nfrom System.", "Windows.", "Forms import MessageBox\nMessageBox.", "Show(\"Hello World\")\n\ni can run/execute it perfectly fine but the IDE shows me that it cannot recognize System\n\nAs you can imagine this is somewhat... frustrating to put it mildly, pressing alt+enter and then Generate stubs for Binray Module XXXXX\" and then pressing Fix all unresolved reference problems will not resolve it as i would like to be able to lookup class definitions for .net classes.", "\nSo if anyone has managed to get this to work I would appreciate the Insight. ", "Yes i know that i can use IronPython in Python Tools for Visual Studio but i would like to be able to work in PyCharm aswell.", "\nJust for reference this is what i get in Python Tools for visual studio and what i want to happen in PyCharm\n\nA:\n\nIt appears to be a bug in PyCharm, I've reported it here, please vote.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "I’m a big fan of coffee. ", "I’ve always thought that the coffee that American served on board had an odd, flat but not necessarily bad, I think I like it, kind of taste, but let’s just say it’s not as good a most coffees available at lower altitudes. ", "I have a friend that works at Southwest Airlines and he was telling me about all the research that Southwest went through before they improved their in-flight coffee offering and introduced their LIFT premium coffee service (it’s actually quite good, and the plane smells amazing when the coffee is brewing).", "\n\nNow American is improving their coffee. ", "Starting November 1, they’ll be serving complimentary Java City coffee on board their flights. ", "From the press release:\n\nAs part of its complimentary onboard beverage service, American Airlines will offer Java City™ coffee to all its customers inflight beginning Nov. 1. ", "The eco-friendly, hand-roasted blend is 100 percent Rainforest Alliance Certified™, grown on sustainably managed farms.", "\n\n“We are committed to exploring greener options for all of our products, both inflight and on the ground, to enhance the travel experience for our loyal customers,” said Rob Friedman, American’s Vice President – Marketing. “", "Java City strikes the perfect balance by offering a high-quality, great-tasting, eco-friendly coffee.”", "\n\nCoffee onboard American will now be served in 10 ounce cups. ", "The new, larger cups are co-branded with Java City and the Rainforest Alliance logos in addition to the American brand.", "\n\nJava City makes a great roast, I’m looking forward to seeing how it taste at 30,000 feet. ", "BTW, if you’re flying next week and get a chance to try it, share your impressions." ]

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[ "British demands to carry out criminal records checks on every EU citizen seeking \"settled status\" in the U.K. after Brexit have proved a major sticking point in talks with Brussels, according to individuals familiar with the negotiations. ", "| Juan Mabromata/AFP via Getty Images UK criminal check plan for EU citizens is sticking point in Brexit talks Brussels believes British proposal goes too far.", "\n\nBritish demands to carry out criminal records checks on every EU citizen seeking \"settled status\" in the U.K. after Brexit have proved a major sticking point in talks with Brussels, according to individuals familiar with the negotiations.", "\n\nThe first full round of Brexit talks ended Thursday after four days with no major breakthrough on the thorniest issues, including the U.K.'s Brexit bill and the rights of EU citizens living in the U.K. and British expats living in EU countries.", "\n\nA British plan to check the U.K. criminal record of each EU citizen who applies to the Home Office was a major source of friction, one EU diplomat said. ", "More than three million EU citizens live in the U.K. and could be subject to the checks. ", "The EU considers such systematic checks to be impermissible under EU law and believes the U.K. should only carry out checks based on reasonable suspicion, an insider close to the negotiations said.", "\n\n“It is so removed from the reality of 3 million people who came to the UK in good faith and are contributing positively to the British society\" — Nicolas Hatton, founding co-chair of the group\n\n\"It wasn't taken ... too well,\" an EU diplomat briefed on the discussions said of the U.K. position.", "\n\nThe proposal also prompted a furious response from the main EU citizens' advocacy group in Britain, the3million. ", "Nicolas Hatton, a founding co-chair of the group, said the plan was tantamount to “treating 3 million EU citizens like potential criminals.”", "\n\n“Of course, no one wants to see criminals roaming our streets but the assumption that we could all be criminals draws from the fantasy of the bad immigrant,” Hatton said in a statement to POLITICO. “", "It is so removed from the reality of 3 million people who came to the U.K. in good faith and are contributing positively to the British society.\"", "\n\nThe British side, however, has made clear that ministers consider the criminal records checks, which were included in the U.K’s position paper on citizens’ rights published last month, to be an important means of reassuring the British public that serious criminals will not be granted permanent residence, the insider close to negotiations said.", "\n\nIn another area of disagreement during the citizens’ rights discussions — which negotiators had hoped would be an area of broad agreement — U.K. officials were surprised by EU proposals that British citizens living in Europe should only be granted residence rights in the member state in which they live, rather than across the entire EU. ", "British officials regarded the plan as a watering down of the rights those individuals currently hold, something the EU had said it would not do.", "\n\nThere was also little progress on the contentious issue of whether the European Court of Justice should be able to arbitrate in disputes involving EU citizens in the U.K. after Brexit.", "\n\nCriminal checks\n\nThe U.K.'s plan for criminal records checks would apply a high bar when considering whether to deport criminals, the insider with knowledge of the talks said. ", "It would apply a test similar to one in the EU’s freedom of movement directive, which allows expulsions for those who pose what is considered a serious threat, the insider said.", "\n\nHowever, EU officials have concerns that the test is too subjective and want guarantees the checks will not penalize non-serious criminals.", "\n\nFor British citizens in Europe, the biggest concern will center on the EU’s demand that they only enjoy the rights they have now in one EU country.", "\n\n\"The Brits want to preserve the right to exclude those who are serious criminals and a threat to the U.K.,\" another EU diplomat briefed on the talks said. \"", "But our guidelines say that it should not be a subjective approach over who will get the status.\"", "\n\nThe diplomat asked what would happen if a criminal records check threw up an unpaid motoring fine, for example. \"", "We want to make sure that the rights of EU citizens living in the U.K. can be guaranteed,\" the diplomat added.", "\n\nCitizens’ groups have been pushing to ease the administrative and bureaucratic hassles for those whose residency status has been called into question by Brexit — a position that the EU and the U.K. say they support in principle.", "\n\nThe U.K.’s position has also put the spotlight on another class of citizens whose status may be thrown into question: convicted criminals. “", "Bilateral agreements will be needed to tackle the issue of class 1 criminals who are spending their time in prison in a host nation, whether they are EU citizens in the U.K. or British citizens in the EU,” Hatton said.", "\n\nFor British citizens in Europe, the biggest concern will center on the EU’s demand that they only enjoy the rights they have now in one EU country.", "\n\nAn EU official briefed on the talks said the EU agrees that a U.K. national could attain citizenship rights in an EU member country and work in that country. ", "But this would not mean the U.K. national would enjoy the same rights in other EU countries, the official said." ]

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[ "Bréguet-Dorand Gyroplane Laboratoire\n\nThe Gyroplane Laboratoire was an early helicopter. ", "Its designer, Frenchman Louis Bréguet, had already experimented with rotorcraft in 1909; however, he chose to concentrate on airplanes until the end of the 1920s. ", "In 1929 he announced a set of patents which addressed the flight stabilization of rotorcraft, and, in 1931, Bréguet created the Syndicat d'Etudes de Gyroplane (French for \"Syndicate for Gyroplane Studies\"), together with Rene Dorand as technical director. ", "Their goal was the development of an experimental helicopter, the Gyroplane Laboratoire.", "\n\nDesign\nThe aircraft consisted of an open steel tube framework, within which the engine, fuel tank, controls and pilot were situated, together with a tail assembly with plywood tail surfaces. ", "The tailwheel landing gear was installed with the mainwheels on outriggers and with an additional small wheel at the front to avoid nosing-over during landing. ", "Power was provided by a 240 HP Hispano radial engine which propelled the two contra-rotating, coaxial rotors. ", "The coaxial rotor design was chosen because with the rotors turning in opposite directions the torque from one rotor was canceled out by the torque produced by the other rotor.", "\n\nThe two twin-bladed rotors made of metal were shaped like arrows and incorporated both cyclic and collective pitch blade control, with which movement around the pitch and roll axis was controlled, as well as climb and descent.", "\n\nOperational history\nThe Bréguet Dorand aircraft was finished in 1933. ", "After ground tests and an accident, the first flight took place on 26 June 1935. ", "Within a short time the pilot, Maurice Claisse, was setting records with the aircraft :\n\n 14 December 1935: Closed-circuit flight with 500 m diameters\n 26 September 1936: Height of 158 m\n\n 24 November 1936: Flight duration of 1:02:50 hours over a 44 km closed circuit at 44.7 km/h\n Maximum speed 120 km/h\n\nThe Gyroplane Laboratoire and its accomplishments were soon overshadowed by the German Fw 61. ", "Bréguet and Dorand continued to conduct further experiments to improve the design until the aircraft experienced a hard landing in June 1939. ", "Development was abandoned with the outbreak of World War II. ", "The only prototype was destroyed in 1943 during an Allied air attack on the airfield at Villacoublay.", "\n\nSpecifications (Gyroplane Laboratoire)\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\n\n \"Twin Windmill Blades Fly Wingless Ship\" Popular Mechanics, April 1936\nModel of the \"Gyroplane Laboratoire\" in scale of 1 : 11 as shown in the Helicopter Museum of Bückeburg\n\nCategory:1930s French experimental aircraft\nCategory:1930s French helicopters\nCategory:Coaxial rotor helicopters\nGyro" ]

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[ "Help Dom and his crew as they continue their global exploits in the unstoppable franchise built on speed! ", "you call the shots as you lead the team on their crusade with vehicles featuring styling cues directly from the movie!.", "\n\nABOUT US\n\nWe offer the best prices around on high quality products. ", "Our E-store includes media such as books, movies, music and games while offering electronics, toys, sporting apparel, clothing, tools, general home, garden items and more.", "\n\nSHIPPING\n\nWe are always working hard to ensure your package arrives as soon as possible. ", "Please understand that some factors like weather, high postal traffic, and the performance of shipping companies are outside of our control.", "\n\nWe offer free shipping to the lower 48 states and ship within 2 business days of payment, usually sooner. ", "We do not accept P.O. Boxes. ", "Please provide a physical address.", "\n\nFor shipping outside of the continental USA, we only use eBay's Global Shipping Program.", "The item is shipped to KY and then sent to the rest of the world. ", "International customers are responsible for all duties and taxes. ", "Continue to check out in order to calculate costs for shipping the item to your country. ", "Messages regarding eBay's Global Shipping Program MUST be directed at eBay EXCLUSIVELY.", "\n\nRETURNS\n\nWe offer a 30-Day Return Policy on items which you are not completely satisfied with. ", "You have the option for a full-refund or an exchange of the item. ", "No returns are available on items shipped outside of the USA.", "\n\nPAYMENT\n\nWe accept PayPal.", "\n\nCONTACT US\n\nThis page content is yet to come\nPlease ad us to your favorite seller and visit again later\nThank You\n\nCUSTOMER SATISFACTION\n\nWe try our very best to make sure every customer is completely satisfied. ", "If there's a problem, message us! ", "We're happy to help.", "\n\nAdvanced Search\n\nHLP.VAAM.XYZ\n\nInformation\n\nCustomer Service\n\nNewsletter\n\nSign up to receive latest news and updates.", "\n\nProShopMarket Ecommerce Template\n\nOur website is a participant eBay Partner Network (ePN). ", "All Rights Reserved. ", "Designated trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners. ", "eBay and the eBay logo are trademarks of eBay Inc." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "s are there in seventeen quarters of a decade?", "\n510\nConvert 763707.2 decades to centuries.", "\n76370.72\nWhat is fifty-one fifths of a litre in millilitres?", "\n10200\nHow many nanograms are there in 1/5 of a microgram?", "\n200\nHow many meters are there in fourty-six fifths of a kilometer?", "\n9200\nWhat is 722585.1 years in months?", "\n8671021.2\nConvert 588.7327ns to microseconds.", "\n0.5887327\nHow many months are there in sixty-one thirds of a decade?", "\n2440\nHow many months are there in fifteen quarters of a millennium?", "\n45000\nWhat is 55.4401m in centimeters?", "\n5544.01\nConvert 12506.4162 microseconds to days.", "\n0.0000001447501875\nWhat is thirteen quarters of a litre in millilitres?", "\n3250\nConvert 71378.5 centuries to months.", "\n85654200\nHow many milligrams are there in 5/8 of a gram?", "\n625\nHow many millilitres are there in seventeen quarters of a litre?", "\n4250\nConvert 284707.6 minutes to seconds.", "\n17082456\nConvert 7.926848 years to months.", "\n95.122176\nWhat is 8.992353 days in hours?", "\n215.816472\nWhat is 2618.1291 hours in days?", "\n109.0887125\nWhat is 5684.482l in millilitres?", "\n5684482\nConvert 16.87326 litres to millilitres.", "\n16873.26\nHow many seconds are there in 9925.442us?", "\n0.009925442\nHow many milligrams are there in 1/10 of a kilogram?", "\n100000\nWhat is fifteen quarters of a litre in millilitres?", "\n3750\nWhat is 0.931097l in millilitres?", "\n931.097\nWhat is fifteen quarters of a litre in millilitres?", "\n3750\nWhat is 5/8 of a day in minutes?", "\n900\nConvert 64.5504 minutes to microseconds.", "\n3873024000\nWhat is seven eighths of a litre in millilitres?", "\n875\nHow many weeks are there in 325163.16 minutes?", "\n32.25825\nWhat is 133671.783 hours in weeks?", "\n795.665375\nHow many millilitres are there in 3/40 of a litre?", "\n75\nWhat is 0.019566 centuries in months?", "\n23.4792\nHow many years are there in nineteen quarters of a century?", "\n475\nHow many nanometers are there in eleven tenths of a micrometer?", "\n1100\nHow many decades are there in 11/4 of a millennium?", "\n275\nConvert 1313.21mm to kilometers.", "\n0.00131321\nWhat is 11/4 of a litre in millilitres?", "\n2750\nConvert 1256710.2 months to decades.", "\n10472.585\nHow many millilitres are there in five eighths of a litre?", "\n625\nWhat is three fifths of a milligram in micrograms?", "\n600\nConvert 8.89282 micrograms to tonnes.", "\n0.00000000000889282\nWhat is 709826.6 years in decades?", "\n70982.66\nHow many nanograms are there in twenty-one eighths of a microgram?", "\n2625\nWhat is 133451.3 milligrams in nanograms?", "\n133451300000\nHow many centimeters are there in 90.52553km?", "\n9052553\nHow many decades are there in 927.8527 centuries?", "\n9278.527\nHow many centuries are there in 25/2 of a millennium?", "\n125\nConvert 1384.8771s to minutes.", "\n23.081285\nConvert 615.6996ug to nanograms.", "\n615699.6\nHow many milliseconds are there in 5.5186ns?", "\n0.0000055186\nConvert 2733.877ug to milligrams.", "\n2.733877\nHow many kilograms are there in thirteen quarters of a tonne?", "\n3250\nConvert 83314.38 millimeters to meters.", "\n83.31438\nConvert 7679.256 micrograms to kilograms.", "\n0.000007679256\nConvert 114638.43 months to years.", "\n9553.2025\nConvert 5198.743ug to kilograms.", "\n0.000005198743\nConvert 69.23621 meters to kilometers.", "\n0.06923621\nWhat is 42/5 of a kilometer in meters?", "\n8400\nWhat is 7/4 of a litre in millilitres?", "\n1750\nWhat is 6/5 of a millennium in years?", "\n1200\nConvert 18844.26t to kilograms.", "\n18844260\nWhat is 72.78051 nanometers in kilometers?", "\n0.00000000007278051\nHow many millilitres are there in 18.2167 litres?", "\n18216.7\nHow many millilitres are there in 25/4 of a litre?", "\n6250\nWhat is three fifths of a milligram in micrograms?", "\n600\nHow many centuries are there in 636300.4 years?", "\n6363.004\nWhat is 527551.3 decades in centuries?", "\n52755.13\nHow many millilitres are there in fourty-six fifths of a litre?", "\n9200\nWhat is eighteen fifths of a kilometer in meters?", "\n3600\nHow many hours are there in 66283.05 days?", "\n1590793.2\nWhat is 1/4 of a decade in months?", "\n30\nWhat is 25250.59km in meters?", "\n25250590\nWhat is fourty-one halves of a millennium in decades?", "\n2050\nConvert 8423.658 microseconds to hours.", "\n0.000002339905\nHow many hours are there in 5206.1679 seconds?", "\n1.44615775\nHow many tonnes are there in 337806.6 grams?", "\n0.3378066\nHow many nanometers are there in 13/5 of a micrometer?", "\n2600\nConvert 139.9399 kilometers to meters.", "\n139939.9\nHow many kilograms are there in eighteen fifths of a tonne?", "\n3600\nHow many years are there in nine tenths of a century?", "\n90\nWhat is 253.85826 months in decades?", "\n2.1154855\nHow many nanoseconds are there in 880.4773 days?", "\n76073238720000000\nHow many nanoseconds are there in 0.87237 milliseconds?", "\n872370\nHow many grams are there in thirty-one halves of a kilogram?", "\n15500\nWhat is 127066.26 months in years?", "\n10588.855\nWhat is 9/10 of a microgram in nanograms?", "\n900\nHow many meters are there in fifty-five halves of a kilometer?", "\n27500\nWhat is 87.96101 millennia in decades?", "\n8796.101\nWhat is 5/4 of a second in milliseconds?", "\n1250\nWhat is 3945.597l in millilitres?", "\n3945597\nWhat is 5/4 of a century in years?", "\n125\nHow many milligrams are there in eighty-seven halves of a gram?", "\n43500\nWhat is 129.7916 centuries in years?", "\n12979.16\nWhat is seven halves of a millennium in decades?", "\n350\nHow many micrometers are there in 91.05051 kilometers?", "\n91050510000\nHow many millilitres are there in 7/2 of a litre?", "\n3500\nWhat is one twentieth of a gram in milligrams?", "\n50\nHow many grams are there in 3/40 of a tonne?", "\n75000\nConvert 8.93955 milligrams to nanograms.", "\n8939550\nHow many millilitres are there in 1/5 of a litre?", "\n200\nWhat is 280.9457 litres in millilitres?", "\n280945.7\nConvert 81.26374 micrometers to nanometers.", "\n81263.74\nWhat is eighteen fifths of a millennium in months?", "\n43200\nWhat is 0.9377748 millimeters in kilometers?", "\n0.0000009377748\nConvert 629.6018 millennia to decades.", "\n62960.18\nWhat is 42.87627l in millilitres?", "\n42876.27\nWhat is 0.7536151 years in months?", "\n9.0433812\nWhat is 0.182644mm in nanometers?", "\n182644\nWhat is three fifths of a litre in millilitres?", "\n600\nHow many micrograms are there in fourty-two fifths of a milligram?", "\n8400\nWhat is 1767.918 months in millennia?", "\n0.1473265\nWhat is five fourteenths of a week in hours?", "\n60\nHow many years are there in 218.6442 centuries?", "\n21864.42\nWhat is nine tenths of a century in decades?", "\n9\nConvert 0.1128176ug to nanograms.", "\n112.8176\nWhat is 0.5179221 millennia in decades?", "\n51.79221\nWhat is 352973.9 days in minutes?", "\n508282416\nHow many centimeters are there in 0.45398 millimeters?", "\n0.045398\nConvert 72134.22 meters to millimeters.", "\n72134220\nWhat is 97.7249ml in litres?", "\n0.0977249\nHow many hours are there in 5/6 of a week?", "\n140\nConvert 405.141 months to years.", "\n33.76175\nHow many millilitres are there in twenty-nine fifths of a litre?", "\n5800\nConvert 8969.947 days to nanoseconds.", "\n775003420800000000\nHow many millimeters are there in 214.371nm?", "\n0.000214371\nWhat is 0.5165422 decades in centuries?", "\n0.05165422\nHow many meters are there in 832198.3um?", "\n0.8321983\nWhat is 1/6 of a minute in seconds?", "\n10\nWhat is 17122.51 centuries in years?", "\n1712251\nConvert 195.2131 millilitres to litres.", "\n0.1952131\nWhat is 10228.62 milligrams in micrograms?", "\n10228620\nHow many millilitres are there in 11/2 of a litre?", "\n5500\nWhat is 18/5 of a meter in centimeters?", "\n360\nWhat is 3.633662ml in litres?", "\n0.003633662\nWhat is 27/2 of a meter in millimeters?", "\n13500\nWhat is 1/30 of a week in minutes?", "\n336\nWhat is one sixteenth of a minute in milliseconds?", "\n3750\nHow many seconds are there in one sixth of a minute?", "\n10\nHow many meters are there in 92.11696mm?", "\n0.09211696\nHow many months are there in 17/4 of a century?", "\n5100\nWhat is 728.2343 grams in nanograms?", "\n728234300000\nHow many minutes are there in seven eighths of a day?", "\n1260\nConvert 113802097.5 seconds to weeks.", "\n188.16484375\nHow many years are there in 7/2 of a millennium?", "\n3500\nWhat is eleven tenths of a litre in millilitres?", "\n1100\nHow many minutes are there in seventeen quarters of a day?", "\n6120\nHow many nanometers are there in 737921.8mm?", "\n737921800000\nHow many millilitres are there in 570.575 litres?", "\n570575\nWhat is 38957.44 litres in millilitres?", "\n38957440\nHow many milligrams are there in one fifth of a gram?", "\n200\nWhat is 32/5 of a litre in millilitres?", "\n6400\nHow many kilograms are there in one quarter of a tonne?", "\n250\nHow many millilitres are there in 33/5 of a litre?", "\n6600\nHow many nanograms are there in 29/5 of a microgram?", "\n5800\nHow many micrograms are there in 71759.24 nanograms?", "\n71." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Neighbourhood News\n\nThe City is holding a meeting where you can comment on the development application for 552-570 Church St & 66 Wellesley St E.\n\nCity Planning recommended that the proposed application be refused, and this was accepted by Toronto East York Community Council (TEYCC) on November 15. ", "You can see the Refusal Report here, and all the information on the initial application, including plans, wind studies, and more, on the development application page.", "\n\nCan't make the meeting? ", "You can submit feedback online, or mail your comments to the Planner at Toronto and East York District, 100 Queen St W Floor 18 E, Toronto ON, M5H 2N2. ", "You may also speak to the planner, Kate Goslett, directly at 416-395-7105 or Kate.Goslett@toronto.ca, or contact Councillor Kristyn Wong-Tam at 416-392-7903." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Treatment of cystic fibrosis associated cutaneous vasculitis with chloroquine.", "\nVasculitis is a well recognised complication of Cystic Fibrosis. ", "Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment but some cases can be resistant and may require additional disease modifying agents. ", "We describe a case of steroid resistant cutaneous vasculitis which was successfully treated with chloroquine in addition to corticosteroids and a subsequent relapse with chloroquine alone." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "By early 1942, the Luftwaffe had planned to replace the dated Bf 110 with one of Messerschmitt’s new designs - the Me 210. ", "However, with severe performance and mass-production problems arising during testing, it quickly became clear that the Me 210 wouldn’t be ready in time for the scheduled deployment to frontline troops. ", "In response to this, the Luftwaffe issued an order for the development of a new Zersörer (Destroyer) version of the Bf 110, resulting in an unexpected prolonged service life of the aircraft with the development of the Bf 110F.\n\nThe Bf 110 F-2 that will make its appearance in War Thunder with update 1.79 \"Project X will most notably bring with it a set of improvements that will allow the aircraft to perform better in the heavy fighter/interceptor role. ", "Increased armor protection, a strengthened airframe and the ability to mount a dual 20mm MG 151 gunpod underneath the fuselage will all contribute to the Bf 110 receiving an even more formidable reputation with its opponents. ", "As with the previous version, German engineers decided to also fit the Bf 110Fs with a set of more powerful DB 601 E engines in order to compensate for the additional weight of the applied changes." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Relay racks are widely used in the telecommunications industry. ", "Typically, a relay rack includes a frame for holding telecommunications operative parts, which parts are interconnected through wires. ", "Each frame has a base which holds the frame upright. ", "Typically, early bases were made of angle iron, such as that shown in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,521,129, entitled, \"Frame Structure For Wire Termination Blocks\", issued Jul. 21, 1970, to Joseph H. MacKenzie, Jr. As weight of the racks become more of a concern, bases were designed to be of lighter weight. ", "A lightweight base is shown in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,665,546, entitled, \"Modular Distribution Frame Assembly\", issued May 12, 1987, to William A. Brey, et al. ", "Another lightweight base is shown in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,715,502, entitled, \"Telephone Equipment Rack\", issued Dec. 29, 1987, to Garland R. Salmon. ", "Another frame construction and base of interest is shown in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,153,819, entitled, \"Quick Connect Frame\", issued Oct. 6, 1992, to Gregory F. Hebel.", "\nIt is desirable that a relay rack have a sturdy construction, and it may be installed quickly and easily. ", "A relay rack should be lightweight. ", "A lightweight relay rack reduces the amount of floor loading in a given installation. ", "The lightweight relay rack is also desirable from the standpoint of manufacture in that the lightweight rack is less costly so that the manufacturer may provide the rack to the user at a lower price. ", "Furthermore, the lightweight rack costs less to ship.", "\nAnother desirable aspect of a relay rack is to provide a construction wherein the rack may be accommodated to a substantially horizontal floor. ", "The relay rack must be stable. ", "Since the relay rack is shipped in a knocked down condition, the construction of the relay rack must be such that relatively unskilled personnel be capable of assembling and installing the relay rack with an expenditure of a minimum amount of time and effort." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "DivinityMagazine\n\nThe Mestizo Symphony of Heaven\n\nOur Christian destination is a heavenly symphony of praise from every tongue, tribe, and nation\n\nBy Edgardo Colon-Emeric\n\nRico, I often heard parents encourage their children to marry lighter-skinned people so as to mejorar la raza (to improve the race).", "\n\nIn spite of these challenges, I still find mestizaje a useful term in the vocabulary of Christians interested in ethnic reconciliation. ", "Other substitutes (multiculturalism, transculturation, hybridization, etc.) ", "are too abstract. ", "They draw our attention to mixing, but not to the painful history that led to the mixing. ", "Mestizaje evokes an unfinished tale of violence, rejection, and alienation in need of reconciliation. ", "It points to both the problem and the solution. ", "There is a saying in Spanish, un clavo saca otro clavo (one nail drives out another nail). ", "The ethnic hostilities that led to and from mestizaje can only be reconciled by mestizaje with Christ in the church.", "\n\nMexican-American theologian Virgilio Elizondo was the first person to bring mestizaje into a theological register. ", "I cannot do justice to his reading of the gospel story in these few pages, but in a nutshell, for Elizondo, the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus illumine and transform the experience of mestizaje. ", "Thanks to Elizondo and others, I believe that mestizaje belongs to the very essence of the church. ", "Mestizaje is a corollary of the church’s catholicity. ", "The inclusion of Gentiles into the Jewish community of believers in Christ is nothing less than a sign of a new humanity. ", "Incorporation into the mestizo body of Christ, the church, means not mongrelization or whitening but rather the purification and perfection of all peoples. ", "The waters of baptism do not wash away ethnic particularity. ", "We do not lose our accents in heaven, but our speech is refined so that we can join the mighty chorus out of every tribe, tongue, people, and nation in praise of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.", "\n\nMestizaje marks the church’s journey through history. ", "The cross-cultural transmission of the gospel (celebrated by missiologists like Andrew Walls) is only possible by mixture resulting from the crossing of borders. ", "The Nicene Creed is inconceivable without the mestizaje of Palestinian Christians with Greco-Roman Christians. ", "For the church, borders are not places of separation but of encounter. ", "Of course, throughout church history some of these encounters have been violent. ", "Even then, however, God’s design is not thwarted by human failures, because, as the old saying goes, God is able to write straight with crooked lines.", "\n\nSection Rehearsals: Necessary and Provisional I have often wondered if the waves of immigration that the United States is experiencing might be used by God as a wake-up call for the church to remember its roots and rediscover its mission. ", "If the destination of the Christian pilgrimage is a heaven of mestizos, then our life now should be anticipating that heaven. ", "And yet, although our future is symphonic, we spend our present in section rehearsals.", "\n\nNow section rehearsals are important. ", "I remember my first section rehearsal. ", "I first joined a choir when I attended college. ", "I did not know anything about reading music or different parts, but after hearing me say a few words, the conductor instructed me to sit with the basses. ", "I did fine during the warm-up exercises, but I became completely lost the moment the choir started singing in parts. ", "Try as I might, all I could hear was the melody line carried by the soprano voices. ", "After a little while, the conductor instructed the basses to go downstairs with the accompanist for a section rehearsal. ", "In a small space where we could hear each other well and without the distraction of other voices, our part was played note by note until we learned it. ", "When the section rehearsal was over we rejoined the rest of the choir and sang together. ", "Thanks to the section rehearsal I found that I could now sing my part, but only by standing next to a strong bass who really knew the piece and by turning a deaf ear to the sopranos. ", "The real proof that I had learned my part was when I left the security of my section and sat next to sopranos, altos, and tenors. ", "I discovered that my singing was better in tune when I learned to listen to the other parts.", "\n\nMuch is required before we can leave the safety of our ethnic section rehearsals and come together in symphony. ", "For many of us section rehearsals are all we have ever known. ", "In the United States, one part has been dominant for so long that the other parts have only been preserved through" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal appearing white matter in asymptomatic relatives of multiple sclerosis patients.", "\nProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal appearing white matter (NAWM) was performed in 25 first-degree relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). ", "In relatives of MS patients, insignificant trends in the NAA/Cho ratio (to be lower) and in the Cho/Cr ratio (to be higher) were found when compared with healthy controls. ", "These results demonstrated that there are only minimal, insignificant changes in commonly identified metabolite concentrations in NAWM of relatives of MS patients when compared with healthy subjects." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0, 0, 0.011627906976744186, 0 ]

[ "Q:\n\nC# .NET Webforms -> ajaxcontroltoolkit.net -> AsyncFileUpload, trigger OnClientUploadError serverside\n\nAs a reference this is the control I am discussing here: AjaxControlToolKit AsyncFileUpload.", "\nContext: maintenance on a legacy .NET webforms (codebehind) application. ", "I am asked to show errors that occur serverside.", "\nIt is not possible to just set the label in the code behind, because the control performs an AsyncFileUpload.", "\nAs the API describes the control provides: OnClientUploadError\nSo I added that to the control:\n<ajaxToolkit:AsyncFileUpload ID=\"fuImportEpAuth\" runat=\"server\"\n OnClientUploadStarted=\"ImportEpAuthStartUpload\"\n OnClientUploadComplete=\"ImportEpAuthUploadComplete\"\n OnUploadedComplete=\"fuImportEpAuth_UploadedComplete\" \n OnClientUploadError=\"ImportEpAuthError\" />\n<asp:Label ID=\"lblImportWccAuth\" runat=\"server\" />\n\nAnd added the following javascript to the page:\nfunction ImportEpAuthError(sender, args) {\n var errorText = args.get_errorMessage();\n\n var errorLabel = document.getElementById('cphContent_lblImportWccAuth');\n errorLabel.innerText = errorText;\n errorLabel.style.color = \"red\";\n $.unblockUI();\n}\n\nThe code is performed and the label shows an errormessage.", "\nPlease focus on the: var errorText = args.get_errorMessage();\nIt contains this message: \nServer Response Error: ' Object reference not set to an instance of an object.'", "\nMy problem or challenge is: It should show the errormessage I throw.", "\n(This code is serverside)\ntry\n{\n // Upload and process file\n UploadAndProcessFile(importType, fileUpload, sPath, settingsName);\n}\ncatch (Exception ex)\n{\n //throw new Exception(ex.", "Message, ex);\n throw new Exception(\"Please help me stackoverflow, I need to show this message!!!\", ", "ex);\n}\n\nIf only I could fix this, then I could finish up and deliver the fix to production. ", "I appreciate your help!", "\n\nA:\n\nRemoving the InnerException will result in the following message:\nServer Response Error: ' Please help me stackoverflow, I need to show this message!!!'", "\n//throw new Exception(\"Please help me stackoverflow, I need to show this message!!!\", ", "ex);\nthrow new Exception(\"Please help me stackoverflow, I need to show this message!!!\");", "\n\nI now have access to the errormessage clientside, I am now free to show it as I like.", "\nThe solution is to implement: OnClientUploadError (re)throw the exception without the innerexception.", "\nThis solution will also answer some other questions I read on stackoverflow. ", "Please link them to this answer.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "As I trudged to the train station, the resentment bubbled.", "\n\n“I can’t believe I’m doing this. ", "I can’t believe that Billy Corgan couldn’t just make it work with D’arcy and is doing a ‘reunion tour’ without her. ", "He couldn’t just give the fans what they really wanted, the Real Smashing Pumpkins. ", "I can’t believe I’m old enough to see a ‘reunion’ tour of a band I liked in high school. ", "Billy is only doing this because he realizes everyone is well and truly sick of his shit, no one cares about the solo albums he tries to pass off as Smashing Pumpkins albums, and this is all a ploy to join the lucrative Aging Gen X Nostalgia Market. ", "Whine whine whine, bitch bitch bitch. ", "Sigh. ", "Time is a goon.”", "\n\n“And I really can’t believe I’m going to Jersey to see this thing. ", "Like, real Jersey. ", "It’s going to take me forever to get home.”", "\n\nI’d like to clarify a few points before we go any further, and let’s go from the bottom up.", "\n\nFirst off: I live in Hoboken, New Jersey, a quaint small town right next to New York. ", "I love it. ", "I love New Jersey. ", "Me? ", "Very pro-Jersey. ", "The people of New Jersey are generally down to earth and nice, it’s a lot cheaper and quieter here and it’s going to be really funny to watch New York City (which I also love) have a complete existential breakdown when our state legalizes cannabis later this year, well before our cooler big brother state gets it together.", "\n\nSo all that said, when it was announced earlier this week that to celebrate their 30 years as a band (give or take) the Smashing Pumpkins would bring out a cavalcade of special guests and friends for their performance at PNC Bank Arts Center in Holmdel, New Jersey, I couldn’t help but think “Why are they doing this in New Jersey, when they will literally be playing Madison Square Garden the night before, and their first ever show was in July, 1988 and not August? ", "Why must Billy Corgan be so Billy Corgan about everything?”", "\n\nBut I have long ago accepted that to try to understand the capricious mind of Billy Corgan is a fool’s errand indeed. ", "Everyone who unfortunately has a deep emotional attachment to this band — who credits this band for Getting Them Through Some Stuff, for expanding their young understanding of how music could sound and feel — has come to accept that Billy Corgan will never, ever make it easier for them. ", "But sometimes he will make it worth it.", "\n\nThe set began with a one-two punch of “Rocket” and “Siva.” ", "It’s stuff I’ve seen various configurations of the current live band — drum god Jimmy Chamberlin, guitarist Jeff Schroeder, bassist Jack Bates, and keyboardist Katie Cole — perform before. ", "I’ve seen some of the post-prime tours — telling myself “Well, maybe they’ll play ‘Hummer’ and it will be worth it,” only kidding myself with rationale — but I had to admit that the presence of James Iha and the three-guitar interplay helped those songs sound more majestic than I was anticipating.", "\n\nI could feel my guard starting to drop. ", "And because I am an easy mark, once we got to part where the guitars just absolutely exploded into a phantasmic smear of LSD clouds right at the “and she knows” part of “Rhinoceros,” most of my reservations started to fade away. (", "Though if the band insists on playing material from Machina/The Machines of God, there are better songs on there than “The Everlasting Gaze.”)", "\n\nBilly Corgan is the most famous wrestling fan in alternative rock, and a former part owner in the indie league National Wrestling Alliance. ", "Ever since he started using the Smashing Pumpkins name again in 2007, he’s made a series of aggressive heel turns, from touring without the original members, to chewing out crowds on a 20th anniversary tour and subjecting them to formless, half-hour long jam sessions, to ranting about political correctness culture run amok with Alex Jones.", "\n\nDespite the passive-aggressive connotation of calling your tour Shiny And Oh So Bright and his inability to make it work with D’Arcy, Corgan getting James Iha back in the fold and playing the hits is his first serious attempt to go babyface in a while. ", "Ever since the Smashing Pumpkins disbanded in 2000, Corgan has never stopped releasing music, and some of it has been quite good. ", "He’s plainly always wanted to stay relevant, and in interviews it clearly bothers him that his latter-day albums haven’t landed as warmly as new releases from ’90s contemporaries Radiohead or Nine Inch Nails have. ", "On some level, it’s kind of disheartening to see this wildly defiant artist — for better and for worse, often at the same time — give in and play the nostalgia game.", "\n\nBut I have to admit, as a longtime fan, I’ve never really been under the delusion that the Smashing Pumpkins were a band of friends or even a band of people who got along all that well. ", "But watching Iha (who has aged in reverse and looked quite dapper in his black suit) and Corgan (wearing that alien cult leader robe get-up he so favors) lean on each other for a bit during a frankly beautiful run through of “Thirty-Three” or give each other a smile while Billy made gestures about chord changes right before “Mayonaise” kind of got to me. ", "And the way that song swells, glides, and turns back around on itself in their hands got to me as well. ", "Those years can’t be given back, but sometimes you can make up for lost time.", "\n\nIf Corgan has been deciding to just make people happy and remind everyone why they used to sort of like or at least begrudge him, he went overboard last night by inviting a Lollapalooza’s worth of special guests out. ", "And as for why Holmdel? ", "I’m guessing Corgan didn’t want to share the spotlight with anyone during their apparently sold-out and quite triumphant Madison Square Garden show. ", "He will always be a born contrarian, kicking against the cool kids and their charcoal teeth. ", "Onstage, he said it was because “New Jersey was one of the first places to support the Smashing Pumpkins, and New Jersey rocks hard.” ", "OK.", "\n\nThe first special guest was, per Corgan, “A young man I’ve had my eye on for quite some time,” Deftones frontman Chino Moreno. ", "Moreno has never been shy about crediting the Pumpkins’ blend of shoegaze beauty and heavy metal brutality as an influence on his own band, and he fit in perfectly while singing on the feral squall of “Bodies” and the skyward uplift of “Snail.” (", "These were the only two deep cuts played in the set beside the immortal “Soma,” and bless Moreno for getting this band to deviate from the set list they’ve stuck to all summer.)", "\n\nNext there were a few more hits and that cover of “Stairway To Heaven” they’ve been performing all tour. ", "Corgan even threw in the “does anyone remember laughter” line from The Song Remains The Same, which is probably one of the earliest doofy rock memes, but they acquitted themselves well with that guitar break. ", "Afterwards, Killers members Dave Keuning and Mark Stoermer (who have both stopped touring with their band and have their own experience dealing with a preening narcissist), joined for the super-obvious-but-don’t-overthink-it one-two of “Cherub Rock” and “1979.” ", "The former somehow reached a new level of opulence and prettiness when performed via four guitarists, which is just a ridiculous number of guitarists.", "\n\nThen things started to get just straight-up wacky.", "\n\nEven though the list of special guests had made the rounds a few days prior, if you grew up with ’90s alt-rock there’s simply no way you could prepare yourself for the spectacle of watching Sugar Ray frontman Mark McGrath sing a bar-band cover of “Fly,” a song I didn’t like then and don’t like now. ", "This is a guy whose band’s late ’90s sunny SoCal aesthetic represented the alt-backlash to the Pumpkins widescreen angst (or, per Corgan: “A man I’ve thought about, a man I’ve dreamed about many a time”), but “Fly” had the crowd chirping along to every word. ", "Schroeder’s “seen it all” bemusement at least made this tolerable. (", "I’m not a hater, by the way. “", "Every Morning” is a jam.) ", "And then they did a fairly serviceable cover of Judas Priest’s “Breaking The Law,” and McGrath bowed down on his knees and, like the suck-up talk show host he is, thanked “the greatest band in the world” and “the Brian Wilson of my generation for letting me be part of this night.”", "\n\nAnd then Courtney Love — introduced as “someone I’ve made love to, someone I’ve fought with, but we’re back together now” — came out. ", "This show! ", "Wearing a tiara, she thanked “my nemesis, protector and maker of career” (which doesn’t seem factually accurate), and talked about their long history together. ", "She then sang “Celebrity Skin,” a song she says she didn’t even like when Corgan first presented her the riff.", "\n\nIt sounded as gloriously trashy as ever. ", "And if her years away from the stage were apparent — she came in too early a few times — she can summon that fuck-the-world sneer from the depth of her soul at any time. ", "She made the “love is gonna break your heart” refrain on “Malibu” sting and brought wrath of the gods fury to the chorus of “Bullet With Butterfly Wings.” ", "Her “put the boot on a monitor and dare someone to come at me” stance is non pareil.", "\n\nAnd there was still more to come! ", "Of course there was. ", "Overdoing it is Corgan’s whole thing. ", "He brought out former Joy Division and New Order bassist Peter Hook — whose son is now holding down the low end in the fake D’Arcy role for the Pumpkins — for “Age of Consent.” ", "And if I regret to report that Hook wore cargo shorts and couldn’t capture the wistfulness of Bernard Sumner, then I can confirm that no one can make basslines tremble and slither quite like him.", "\n\nThen Corgan doubled down on post-punk, inviting AFI frontman Davey Havok (wearing what I can only describe as goth yoga pants) for a cover of Joy Divison’s “Transmission.” ", "And, goddamn, Havok’s Ian Curtis impression is straight-up eerie. ", "I know he’s also an actor so I shouldn’t be surprised at how well he can embody a character, but still, this was uncanny, and I’ve heard a lot of frontmen try to channel Curtis. ", "Then Love came back out on stage and joined Havok and Hook for “Love Will Tear Us Apart,” which might very well be my favorite song of all time, because I am a basic alt-bitch. ", "There’s no way I can objectively describe those three minutes onstage so I won’t even try.", "\n\nThen Corgan did one more costume change, dressing up like the ringmaster from Dumbo for the dour new single “Solara.” (", "I’m sure there will be at least a few quite good songs on the upcoming Iha-ified EP, as Corgan rarely whiffs it entirely, but boy do I wish this single was better.) ", "It all ended with a charming, goofy cover of “Baby Mine.” ", "After the Joy Division and the Courtney Love of it all, this was undeniably a letdown, Corgan meekly trying to insist that there might be more to his future than serving up the past.", "\n\nWe’ll see. ", "Yes, there is a bit of “the aging Alt Nation enters the Vegas years” aspect of a once innovative and world-beating arena act bringing out their friends and dazzling the crowd with some of the most basic covers one can imagine. ", "And that is at least a little sad. ", "I saw Radiohead in Philadelphia earlier this week, and there’s no way they would ever do anything like what I saw the Pumpkins do. ", "They don’t need to.", "\n\nPeople have fun in Vegas, and I had fun last night. ", "Billy Corgan wants the world to love him again, at least for now. ", "I’m sure in the near future he will go back on the despicable Alex Jones show, fire Iha or feud with, like, Deafheaven or take a photo with Jordan Peterson or do something aggravating and squander the goodwill he worked so hard to win back. ", "But he once worked his ass off to be one of the best songwriters in the world and last night he worked his ass off to make me like him again. ", "And for a few hours, he got there.", "\n\nAlthough that jerk didn’t play “Hummer.”", "\n\n//\n\nSETLIST:\n\n01 “Rocket”\n\n02 “Siva”\n\n03 “Rhinoceros”\n\n04 “Zero”\n\n05 “The Everlasting Gaze”\n\n06 “Stand Inside Your Love”\n\n07 “Thirty-Three”\n\n08 “Eye”\n\n09 “Soma”\n\n10 “Blew Away”\n\n11 “Mayonaise”\n\n12 “Bodies” (Feat. ", "Chino Moreno)\n\n13 “Snail” (Feat. ", "Chino Moreno)\n\n14 “Tonight, Tonight”\n\n15 “Stairway To Heaven” (Led Zeppelin cover)\n\n16 “Cherub Rock” (Feat. ", "Dave Keuning & Mark Stoermer)\n\n17 “1979” (Feat. ", "Dave Keuning & Mark Stoermer)\n\n18 “Fly” (Sugar Ray cover feat. ", "Mark McGrath)\n\n19 “Breaking The Law” (Judas Priest cover feat. ", "Mark McGrath)\n\n20 “Today”\n\n21 “Celebrity Skin” (Feat. ", "Courtney Love)\n\n22 “Malibu (Feat. ", "Courtney Love)\n\n23 “Bullet With Butterfly Wings” (Feat. ", "Courtney Love)\n\n24 “Age Of Consent” (New Order cover feat. ", "Peter Hook)\n\n25 “Transmission” (Joy Division cover feat. ", "Peter Hook & Davey Hook)\n\n26 “Love Will Tear Us Apart” (Feat. ", "Peter Hook & Davey Hook)\n\nENCORE:\n\n27 “Solara”\n\n28 “Baby Mine” (Betty Noyes cover)" ]

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[ " [DO NOT PUBLISH]\n\n\n IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n\n FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT\n ________________________ FILED\n U.S. COURT OF APPEALS\n No. ", "08-10825 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT\n SEPTEMBER 28, 2009\n Non-Argument Calendar\n THOMAS K. KAHN\n ________________________\n CLERK\n\n D. C. Docket No. ", "07-60159-CR-JIC\n\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA,\n\n\n Plaintiff-Appellee,\n\n versus\n\nDESHAWN GOPIE,\nWAYNE ALEXANDER GOPIE,\n\n\n Defendants-Appellants.", "\n\n\n ________________________\n\n Appeals from the United States District Court\n for the Southern District of Florida\n _________________________\n\n (September 28, 2009)\n\nBefore DUBINA, Chief Judge, TJOFLAT and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.", "\n\nPER CURIAM:\n\f Deshawn Gopie appeals his convictions and 87-month sentence for\n\nconspiracy to possess with intent to distribute 100 kilograms or more of marijuana,\n\nin violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(B)(vii), 846; possession with\n\nintent to distribute 100 kilograms or more of marijuana, in violation of 18 U.S.C.\n\n§ 2 and 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(B)(vii); and possession with intent to\n\ndistribute more than 50 kilograms of marijuana in a vehicle, in violation of 21\n\nU.S.C. § 841(a)(1).", "\n\n Deshawn’s brother, Wayne Alexander Gopie, also appeals his convictions\n\nand 180-month sentence for conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute 100\n\nkilograms or more of marijuana, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1),\n\n841(b)(1)(B)(vii), 846; and possession with intent to distribute 100 kilograms or\n\nmore of marijuana, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2 and 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1),\n\n841(b)(1)(B)(vii).", "\n\n DISCUSSION\n\n First, Deshawn and Wayne (collectively “Defendants”) argue that the district\n\ncourt erred in denying their pre-trial motions to suppress. ", "Second, Defendants\n\nargue that the district court abused its discretion in denying their motion for a new\n\ntrial. ", "Finally, each defendant raises issues related to sentencing.", "\n\n I. The Motions to Suppress\n\n\n\n 2\n\f Before trial, Defendants filed motions to suppress evidence discovered as the\n\nresult of the investigatory stops of their respective vehicles. ", "When considering a\n\nruling on a motion to suppress, we generally accept the district court’s findings of\n\nfact unless they are clearly erroneous and consider the court’s application of the law\n\nto the facts de novo. ", "United States v. Hromada, 49 F.3d 685, 688 (11th Cir. ", "1995).", "\n\nWe construe the facts in the light most favorable to the party that prevailed in the\n\ndistrict court. ", "Id. At this point, it is helpful to set forth the relevant facts.", "\n\n At the suppression hearing, Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”)\n\nAgent Joseph Fernandez testified to the following events. ", "On June 11, 2007, the\n\nDEA received an anonymous tip that Wayne was involved in an interstate drug\n\ntrafficking operation. ", "The DEA confirmed Wayne’s identity, verified that he had a\n\nprior conviction for drug trafficking, and determined that he was associated with a\n\nresidence in Weston, Florida (“the Residence”). ", "On June 13, 2007, DEA agents\n\nplaced the Residence under surveillance. ", "The surveillance unit observed Deshawn\n\nand Wayne carrying uniformly-sized, wooden crates from a U-Haul truck into the\n\nResidence. ", "The crates appeared to be heavy. ", "Defendants then transferred large\n\nblack trash bags, which also appeared to be heavy, from the Residence into an\n\nInfiniti vehicle. ", "Agent Fernandez testified that based on his nine years of\n\nexperience with the DEA this conduct was typical of marijuana drug trafficking.", "\n\n\n\n 3\n\f Subsequently, agents observed the U-Haul and the Infiniti leave the\n\nResidence together. ", "Wayne drove the U-Haul and Deshawn drove the Infiniti. ", "The\n\nvehicles proceeded in tandem, pulled up next to each other to converse, and then\n\nsplit off. ", "The Infiniti then appeared to engage in counter-surveillance maneuvers.", "\n\nAgent Fernandez testified that in his experience counter-surveillance measures are\n\nan indicator of criminal activity. ", "At that point, Agent Fernandez ordered the stop of\n\nboth vehicles.", "\n\n Deputy Marshal Mark O’Loughlin, an officer involved in the stop of the\n\nInfiniti, also testified at the suppression hearing. ", "O’Loughlin stated that he could\n\nnot recall the drivers of the vehicles conversing; however, he observed the Infiniti\n\nmake four consecutive right hand turns, then cross three lanes of traffic to make a\n\nU-turn. ", "O’Loughlin testified that based on his eleven years of experience with the\n\nU.S. Marshal Service these maneuvers were consistent with counter-surveillance.", "\n\nFurthermore, O’Loughlin testified that in his experience counter-surveillance\n\nmeasures are an indicator of criminal activity.", "\n\n O’Loughlin also stated that as he approach the Infiniti he observed a gun\n\nlying in plain view on the driver’s side floor mat of the Infiniti. ", "He testified that\n\nnone of the officers asked Deshawn if there was a gun in the car. ", "On cross-\n\nexamination, the defense introduced into evidence a tape recording of an officer\n\n\n\n 4\n\fasking Deshawn if there was a gun in the car and an individual responding: “I’ve\n\ngot a Glock under the seat.” ", "A photograph of the scene demonstrated that the\n\nhandgun was on the floorboard of the Infiniti with the barrel partially under the seat\n\nand the remainder of the gun visible.", "\n\n Agent Rice, another officer involved in the stop of the Infiniti, testified that\n\nhe observed the U-Haul and the Infiniti pull up side-by-side to converse. ", "After the\n\nvehicles split up, Agent Rice initially followed the U-Haul until he was instructed to\n\nstay on the Infiniti. ", "Rice testified that he lost sight of the Infiniti for approximately\n\nthirty seconds. ", "He did not see the Infiniti make a series of right turns. ", "When he\n\nrejoined surveillance on the Infiniti it was about to execute a U-turn.", "\n\n Having set forth the relevant facts, we turn to Defendants’ arguments. ", "First,\n\nDeshawn argues that the district court abused its discretion by failing to hold a de\n\nnovo suppression hearing.1 The magistrate’s report and recommendation deemed\n\nDeputy Marshall O’Loughlin’s testimony regarding the counter-surveillance\n\nmeasures taken by the Infiniti “fully credible,” despite inconsistencies in his own\n\n\n\n 1\n Under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B), a district court may designate a magistrate to\nconduct an evidentiary hearing and submit proposed findings of fact and recommendations for\ndisposition. ", "However, if a party makes timely objections to the magistrate’s proposed findings\nand recommendations, the district court must make a de novo review of the magistrate’s report\nwith respect to the findings to which the party objects. ", "28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). ", "While §\n636(b)(1) does not require a new hearing, it does require “independent consideration of factual\nissues based on the record.” ", "Jeffrey S. v. State Bd. ", "of Educ. ", "of State of Ga., 896 F.2d 507,\n512-13 (11th Cir. ", "1990).", "\n\n 5\n\ftestimony and inconsistencies with the testimony of other officers. ", "Deshawn points\n\nto three facts: (1) O’Loughlin did not accurately recall whether officers asked\n\nDeshawn if there was a gun in the car; (2) O’Loughlin could not recall the drivers\n\nof the vehicles conversing; and (3) Rice did not observe the series of four right hand\n\nturns allegedly taken by the Infiniti.", "\n\n After review of the record, we discern no abuse of discretion. “", "Credibility\n\ndeterminations are typically the province of the fact finder because the fact finder\n\npersonally observes the testimony and is thus in a better position than a reviewing\n\ncourt to assess the credibility of witnesses.” ", "United States v. Ramirez-Chilel, 289\n\nF.3d 744, 749 (11th Cir. ", "2002). ", "As the magistrate’s report accurately notes, Agent\n\nFernandez corroborated O’Loughlin’s testimony by stating that he received radio\n\nreports of counter-surveillance measures before ordering the stop. ", "Furthermore,\n\nAgent Rice testified that he lost sight of the Infiniti during the time when\n\nO’Loughlin observed the series of right turns. ", "Accordingly, the district court did\n\nnot abuse its discretion by failing to hold a de novo suppression hearing.", "\n\n Second, Defendants argue that law enforcement officers did not have a\n\nreasonable suspicion that the individuals in the Infiniti or the U-Haul had engaged\n\nin, or were about to engage in, criminal activity.", "\n\n Law enforcement officers may detain a person briefly for an\n investigatory stop if they have a reasonable, articulable suspicion based\n\n 6\n\f on objective facts that the person has engaged in, or is about to engage\n in, criminal activity. ", "The “reasonable suspicion” must be more than an\n inchoate and unparticularized suspicion or hunch. ", "Reasonable\n suspicion is determined from the totality of circumstances and\n collective knowledge of the officers.", "\n\nUnited States v. Nunez, 455 F.3d 1223, 1226 (11th Cir. ", "2006) (internal citations and\n\nquotations omitted). “", "A reasonable suspicion of criminal activity may be formed by\n\nobserving exclusively legal activity.” ", "United States v. Gordon, 231 F.3d 750, 754\n\n(11th Cir. ", "2000). “[", "W]e view the totality of the circumstances in the light of the\n\nofficers’ special training and experience.” ", "United States v. Smith, 201 F.3d 1317,\n\n1323 (11th Cir. ", "2000). “", "We also bear in mind that behavior, seemingly innocuous\n\nto the ordinary citizen, may appear suspect to one familiar with the practices of\n\nnarcotics couriers.” ", "Id. (internal quotations omitted).", "\n\n Officers were aware that Wayne had a prior drug trafficking conviction.", "\n\nBased on his experience and training, Agent Fernandez testified that the activities at\n\nthe Residence were typical of marijuana drug trafficking. ", "Furthermore, both\n\nFernandez and O’Laughlin testifed that counter-surveillance measures were\n\nindicative of criminal behavior. ", "Accordingly, we conclude that officers had a\n\nreasonable, articulable suspicion that the individuals in the U-Haul and the Infiniti\n\nwere engaged in criminal activity.2\n\n\n 2\n Deshawn’s reliance on United States v. Valdez, 931 F.2d 1448 (11th Cir. ", "1991),\nis misplaced. ", "Valdez held only that the traffic stop at issue was pretextual. ", "Id. at 1452. ", "The\n\n 7\n\f Third, Wayne argues, for the first time on appeal, that the stop of the U-Haul\n\nwas longer than permitted for a brief investigative stop.3 “[W]hen the totality of the\n\ncircumstances indicate that an encounter has become too intrusive to classify as a\n\nbrief seizure, the encounter is an arrest and probable cause is required.” ", "United\n\nStates v. Espinosa-Guerra, 805 F.2d 1502, 1506 (11th Cir. ", "1986). ", "The proper\n\ninquiry is “whether the stop was reasonably related in scope to the circumstances\n\nwhich justified the interference in the first place.” ", "United States v. Acosta, 363\n\nF.3d 1141, 1145 (11th Cir. ", "2004) (internal quotations and brackets omitted). ", "When\n\nevaluating whether the duration of an investigative detention is unreasonable, the\n\nSupreme Court has indicated that “common sense and ordinary human experience\n\nmust govern over rigid criteria.” ", "United States v. Sharpe, 470 U.S. 675, 685, 105 S.\n\nCt. ", "1568, 1575 (1985).", "\n\n Upon review of the record, we discern no plain error. ", "Wayne points to the\n\n\n\n\nCourt expressed no opinion on the existence of probable cause (or reasonable suspicion) to stop\nValdez for violation of the narcotics laws. ", "Id.\n Defendants’ arguments regarding the anonymous tip are similarly inapposite. ", "Here, the\ndistrict court concluded that Defendants’ conduct itself gave rise to a reasonable, articulable\nsuspicion of criminal activity.", "\n 3\n When an issue is raised for the first time on appeal, we review for plain error.", "\nSee United States v. Shelton, 400 F.3d 1325, 1328-29 (11th Cir. ", "2005). ", "Under the plain error\nstandard, we may not reverse unless there is (1) error, (2) that is plain, and (3) that affects\nsubstantial rights. ", "Id. If these three conditions are met, we then may reverse only if “(4) the\nerror seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” ", "Id. at\n1329 (internal quotations and citation omitted).", "\n\n 8\n\ffollowing circumstances: (1) he was ordered out of the truck and patted down; (2)\n\nhe was asked to wait on the curb; (3) he was asked to lie on the ground and patted\n\ndown by additional officers; and (4) a narcotics-trained canine officer was brought\n\nto the scene. ", "We conclude that, on the facts of this case, these actions were\n\nreasonable in light of the need to maintain the safety of the officers and the integrity\n\nof the ongoing investigation. ", "See United States v. Gil, 204 F.3d 1347, 1350-51\n\n(11th Cir. ", "2000) (concluding, in a drug conspiracy case, that a Terry stop did not\n\nripen into an arrest when officers handcuffed the defendant and detained her in the\n\nback of a patrol car for seventy-five minutes because such actions were necessary\n\nfor the safety of the officers and the ongoing investigation). ", "Accordingly, we\n\nconclude that the stop of the U-Haul was not longer than permitted for an\n\ninvestigatory stop.", "\n\n Finally, Wayne argues that his consent to search the U-Haul was not\n\nvoluntary. ", "Specifically, Wayne points to the following factors: (1) the U-Haul was\n\nstopped and approached by law enforcement officers with firearms unholstered and\n\nprepared to fire; (2) Wayne was patted down and ordered to remain on the ground\n\nuntil additional officers arrived; and (3) once the other officers arrived, Wayne was\n\nsearched again and forced to spread out on the ground. ", "Under these circumstances,\n\nWayne asserts that he believed that he could not refuse law enforcement’s request\n\n\n\n 9\n\fto search.", "\n\n “A district court’s determination that consent was voluntary is a finding of\n\nfact, that will not be disturbed on appeal absent clear error.” ", "United States v.\n\nPurcell, 236 F.3d 1274, 1281 (11th Cir. ", "2001). ", "A consensual search is\n\nconstitutional if it is voluntary, which means it is the product of an “essentially free\n\nand unconstrained choice.” ", "United States v. Purcell, 236 F.3d 1274, 1281 (11th Cir.", "\n\n2001) (quotation omitted). “", "The government bears the burden of proving . . . ", "that\n\nthe consent was not a function of acquiescence to a claim of lawful authority but\n\nrather was given freely and voluntarily.” ", "United States v. Hidalgo, 7 F.3d 1566,\n\n1571 (11th Cir. ", "1993).", "\n\n The question of whether consent is voluntary is based on the totality of the\n\ncircumstances. ", "Id.\n\n [T]he court should look at several indicators, including the presence of\n coercive police procedures, the extent of the defendant’s cooperation\n with the officer, the defendant’s awareness of his right to refuse\n consent, the defendant’s education and intelligence, and the\n defendant’s belief that no incriminating evidence will be found.", "\n\nPurcell, 236 F.3d at 1281. “", "While knowledge of the right to refuse consent is one\n\nfactor to be taken into account, the government need not establish such knowledge\n\nas the sine qua non of an effective consent.” ", "Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S.\n\n218, 227, 93 S. Ct. ", "2041, 2048 (1973).", "\n\n\n\n 10\n\f In the instant case, the magistrate judge stated:\n\n [T]here is no evidence that Wayne Gopie suffers from a lack of\n education or low intelligence. ", "He had been detained only minutes and\n had not been questioned. ", "He was not handcuffed and had not been\n placed under arrest, although he had been patted down for weapons\n twice. ", "No threats had been made and no punishment inflicted.", "\n\nAlthough firearms were drawn as officers approached the U-Haul, they were\n\nquickly reholstered before Wayne exited the vehicle. ", "The magistrate judge\n\nconcluded: “Wayne Gopie’s consent to search the U-Haul was the product of free\n\nand unconstrained choice.” ", "We discern no clear error. ", "See United States v.\n\nEspinosa-Orlando, 704 F.2d 507, 512-13 (11th Cir. ", "1983) (finding consent\n\nvoluntary where officers asked the defendant, in a normal conversational tone\n\nwithout any threats, for consent to search his vehicle while the defendant was lying\n\non the ground).4\n\n Accordingly, we conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion to\n\ndeny Defendants’ pre-trial motions to suppress.", "\n\n II. ", "Defendants’ Motion for a New Trial\n\n Defendants argue that the district court erred in refusing to grant their motion\n\n\n 4\n Wayne argues that the statements he made following the stop of the U-Haul\nshould also be suppressed because they were the fruit of the poisonous tree. ", "See United States v.\nDelancy, 502 F.3d 1297, 1308 (11th Cir. ", "2007). ", "We discern no error in the district court’s\nconclusion that the initial investigatory stops were lawful. ", "Accordingly, the district court did not\nerr in denying Wayne’s motion to suppress his post-arrest statements as fruit of the poisonous\ntree.", "\n\n 11\n\ffor a new trial due to improper evidence and testimony.5 We review the district\n\ncourt’s disposition of a motion for a new trial for an abuse of discretion. ", "United\n\nStates v. Martinez, 763 F.2d 1297, 1312 (11th Cir. ", "1985). ", "The broad standard for\n\ngranting a new trial is whether the verdict must be set aside “in the interest of\n\njustice.” ", "United States v. Vicaria, 12 F.3d 195, 198 (11th Cir. ", "1994). ", "We note that\n\n“multiple errors may so prejudice a defendant’s right to a fair trial that a new trial is\n\nrequired, even if the errors considered individually are non-reversible.” ", "United\n\nStates v. Thomas, 62 F.3d 1332, 1343 (11th Cir. ", "1995).", "\n\n First, Wayne claims that evidence of his assets, expenditures, and structured\n\ndeposits had no relation to the conduct for which he was indicted and only served to\n\nprejudice the jury. “[", "E]vidence may be excluded if its probative value is\n\nsubstantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues,\n\nor misleading the jury . . . .” ", "Fed. ", "R. Evid. ", "403. ", "However, “[t]he balance under\n\nRule 403 should be struck in favor of admission.” ", "United States v. Finestone, 816\n\nF.2d 583, 585 (11th Cir. ", "1987) (quotations and brackets omitted). “", "Appellate courts\n\nmust look at the evidence in a light most favorable to its proponent, maximizing its\n\nprobative value and minimizing its prejudicial effect.” ", "Id. (quotations omitted).", "\n\n Here, we discern no abuse of discretion. “[", "T]he presence of unexplained\n\n\n\n 5\n Deshawn adopts Wayne’s arguments on appeal.", "\n\n 12\n\fwealth can be relevant in drug cases . . . .” ", "United States v. Terzado-Madruga, 897\n\nF.2d 1099, 1120 (11th Cir. ", "1990). ", "Evidence that a defendant lacked legitimate\n\nsources for his “opulent lifestyle” significantly increases the probative value of\n\nwealth evidence to show involvement in drug trafficking. ", "Id.\n\n Second, Defendants’ claim that, despite a timely objection, the district court\n\nimproperly allowed a line of questioning that led Agent Rice to vouch for the\n\nsufficiency of the government’s case. “", "Vouching occurs when . . . ", "the jury could\n\nreasonably believe that the prosecutor was indicating a personal belief in the\n\nwitness’s credibility.” ", "United States v. Cano, 289 F.3d 1354, 1365 (11th Cir. ", "2002)\n\n(internal quotations omitted). ", "To test for improper vouching, we consider whether\n\n“(1) the prosecutor placed the prestige of the government behind the witness by\n\nmaking explicit personal assurances of the witness’s credibility, or (2) the\n\nprosecutor implicitly vouched for the witness’s credibility by implying that\n\nevidence not formally presented to the jury supports the witness’s testimony.” ", "Id.\n\n(brackets omitted). ", "After review of the record, we conclude that there was no\n\nreversible error. ", "During cross examination, the defense opened the door to the\n\ndisputed line of questioning. ", "Cf. ", "id. at 1366. ", "Moreover, even if the prosecutor’s\n\nquestions led to or constituted vouching, it is clear that the disputed testimony did\n\n\n\n\n 13\n\fnot undermine the overall fairness of the trial.6\n\n Accordingly, considering Defendants’ arguments singularly and collectively,\n\nwe conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying the\n\nmotion for a new trial.", "\n\n II. ", "Sentencing\n\n Deshawn argues that his sentence of 87 months is excessive and substantively\n\nunreasonable. ", "He makes several arguments: (1) he received a two-level\n\nenhancement for possession of a firearm despite the fact that the jury acquitted him\n\nof that charge; (2) his role was allegedly minor compared to those of his\n\ncodefendants; yet, his sentence was several times greater than the sentences of his\n\nallegedly more culpable codefendants; (3) the prior convictions that placed him in\n\ncriminal history category II were two misdemeanor marijuana convictions, with a\n\nwithholding of adjudication and fines on both; and (4) he pled guilty to, and\n\naccepted responsibility for, his conduct – possession with intent to distribute\n\nmarijuana – and only went to trial to contest the quantity of marijuana and the gun\n\ncharge he was ultimately acquitted of.7\n\n 6\n Wayne also contends that the district court erred in failing to admit, under Fed. ", "R.\nEvid. ", "801(d)(2)(A), a stipulation entered into by one of his co-defendants. ", "Wayne presents no\nargument in support of this contention. ", "Furthermore, we discern no error from our review of the\nrecord.", "\n 7\n Deshawn and Wayne both argue that the district court erred by applying\nsentencing enhancements based on facts that were neither admitted nor found by a jury beyond a\n\n 14\n\f We review the final sentence imposed by the district court for\n\nreasonableness. ", "United States v. Agbai, 497 F.3d 1226, 1229 (11th Cir. ", "2007). ", "The\n\nSupreme Court has clarified that the reasonableness standard means review of\n\nsentences for abuse of discretion. ", "Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 128 S. Ct.", "\n\n586, 597 (2007). ", "The Supreme Court has suggested that such review entails\n\ndetermining whether the sentence is supported by the factors listed in 28 U.S.C. §\n\n3553(a).8 See id. at 600. “", "Review for reasonableness is deferential.” ", "United States\n\nv. Talley, 431 F.3d 784, 788 (11th Cir. ", "2005). ", "There is a “range of reasonable\n\nsentences from which the district court may choose,” and “the party who challenges\n\nthe sentence bears the burden of establishing that the sentence is unreasonable in\n\nlight of both [the] record and the factors in section 3553(a).” ", "Id. Although we do\n\nnot apply a presumption of reasonableness, we will ordinarily expect a sentence\n\nwithin the guideline’s range to be reasonable. ", "See id.\n\n We conclude that Deshawn’s sentence is reasonable. ", "The district court\n\nreasonable doubt. ", "The district court treated the sentencing guidelines as advisory. ", "Therefore,\nthis argument is meritless. ", "See United States v. Chau, 426 F.3d 1318, 1323-24 (11th Cir. ", "2005)\n(per curiam).", "\n 8\n The 28 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors include: (1) the nature and circumstances of the\noffense and the history and characteristics of the defendant; (2) the need to reflect the\nseriousness of the offense, to promote respect for the law, and to provide just punishment for the\noffense; (3) the need for deterrence; (4) the need to protect the public; (5) the need to provide the\ndefendant with needed educational or vocational training or medical care; (6) the kinds of\nsentences available; (7) the Sentencing Guidelines range; (8) pertinent policy statements of the\nSentencing Commission; (9) the need to avoid unwanted sentencing disparities; and (10) the\nneed to provide restitution to victims. ", "See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).", "\n\n 15\n\fconsidered the arguments of the parties, stated that the guidelines were advisory,\n\nand acknowledged the § 3553(a) factors. ", "With respect to the firearms enhancement,\n\nwe note that “a jury’s verdict of acquittal does not prevent the sentencing court\n\nfrom considering conduct underlying the acquitted charge, so long as that conduct\n\nhas been proved by a preponderance of the evidence.” ", "United States v. Watts, 519\n\nU.S. 148, 157, 117 S. Ct. ", "633, 638 (1997). ", "With respect to sentencing disparity, the\n\ndistrict court found, and Deshawn does not contest, that both co-defendants had a\n\ncriminal history category of I, pled guilty to and accepted responsibility for their\n\ncrimes, and were eligible for the safety valve.9 Furthermore, although Deshawn\n\naccepted responsibility for the marijuana found in the Infiniti, he did not accept\n\nresponsibility for additional marijuana found at the Residence.10 Thus, it was not\n\nclear error to deny a reduction for acceptance of responsibility. ", "See United States v.\n\nGarrasteguy, 559 F.3d 34, 39 (1st Cir. ", "2009) (“[Defendants] actions in requesting a\n\ntrial regarding drug weight were not consistent with acceptance of responsibility for\n\nrelevant conduct.”). ", "Finally, the district court acknowledged that Deshawn’s prior\n\n\n\n 9\n The “safety valve” exempts defendants from minimum sentences if they meet\ncertain criteria. ", "See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f).", "\n 10\n “We review a denial of a reduction of sentence for an acceptance of responsibility\nfor clear error, and that finding is entitled to great deference on review and should not be\ndisturbed unless it is without foundation.” ", "United States v. Knight, 562 F.3d 1314, 1322 (11th\nCir. ", "2009) (internal quotations omitted).", "\n\n\n 16\n\fconvictions were misdemeanors involving possession of marijuana; however, the\n\ncourt concluded that the seriousness reflected by a criminal history category of II\n\nwas appropriate because both offenses occurred within six months of the present\n\noffense. ", "Accordingly, we discern no abuse of discretion in Deshawn’s sentence,\n\nwhich is at the lowest end of the advisory range.", "\n\n CONCLUSION\n\n For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is\n\n AFFIRMED.11\n\n\n\n\n 11\n Defendants’ requests for oral argument are denied.", "\n\n 17\n\f" ]

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[ "ANALYSIS/OPINION:\n\nMany have heard about the historic gun rights case going to the Supreme Court. ", "Fewer have heard that this is also a major case for businesses and family values. ", "It could lead to anything from court-ordered Obamacare to same-sex marriage. ", "This is the biggest case of the year, and everyone has a stake in it.", "\n\nOn March 2, the Supreme Court will hear arguments in McDonald v. City of Chicago. ", "It is a gun rights case, challenging Chicago’s categorical ban on handguns. ", "The ban is essentially identical to the D.C. gun ban that was struck down by the Supreme Court in the 2008 case D.C. v. Heller, in which the court held that an absolute ban in the federal city violates the Second Amendment.", "\n\nThe question in this case is whether the Second Amendment applies to cities and states as it does to the federal government. ", "The Bill of Rights applies only against actions of the federal government. ", "Most of the Bill of Rights has since been applied to the states (or “incorporated,” to use the legal term) by the Fourteenth Amendment. ", "The question in McDonald is whether the right to keep and bear arms is incorporated against the states.", "\n\nSo far, so good. ", "More than 70 percent of Americans think the Constitution gives them a right to own a gun, and more than that think any provision in the Bill of Rights should give Americans rights against cities and states, not just the federal government.", "\n\nThe problem is that this case is more about the Fourteenth Amendment than the Second Amendment. ", "Every provision from the Bill of Rights that has been incorporated to the states thus far has been incorporated through the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause. ", "There are all sorts of reasons that Due Process incorporation is problematic, but it’s the way the court has always done it. ", "That’s why the National Rifle Association is focusing on this conventional approach in its brief to the court in McDonald v. Chicago.", "\n\nHowever, the team representing Otis McDonald is pushing the court to consider a new route and incorporate the right through another provision, called the Privileges or Immunities Clause. ", "Although that may sound like legal mumbo-jumbo, the reality is that it could change forever our system of federal and state government.", "\n\nThe Privileges or Immunities Clause says states cannot enforce any law that abridges the rights of U.S. citizenship. ", "In 1873, just five years after the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted, the Supreme Court held in a landmark case called the Slaughterhouse Cases that this clause only extends to the states the rights of federal citizenship and strongly suggested that such rights must be found in the Constitution’s text. ", "The high court thus rejected a claim brought by some Louisiana butchers asking it to strike down a state law regulating the slaughtering of animals around New Orleans.", "\n\nWhat’s so important about that ruling is that there’s nothing in the Constitution about such an economic right. ", "Had the court accepted the butchers’ argument and struck down the Louisiana law, federal courts would have the power to declare anything they want to be a right of U.S. citizenship and strike down any state or local law they don’t like.", "\n\nThe libertarian lawyers representing Otis McDonald in the current lawsuit acknowledge that their goal is to persuade the court to overrule the Slaughterhouse Cases. ", "Then federal judges could use the Privileges or Immunities Clause to challenge state and local labor laws, commercial laws, employment laws and business regulations across the country.", "\n\nThat would destroy federalism as we know it in this country; life-appointed federal judges could override the decisions made by elected leaders that we, the voters, choose. ", "The people ultimately making those decisions would no longer answer to us.", "\n\nBut that’s not the worst of it.", "\n\nIf the court overrules the Slaughterhouse Cases, the Privileges or Immunities Clause can mean anything courts say it means. ", "The Supreme Court could declare a constitutional right to government-provided health care or “decent” housing, a free college education, a “living wage” or a clean environment, resulting in a court-ordered cap-and-trade system.", "\n\nIt also could completely change American culture, with the court having a new basis upon which to declare constitutional rights to abortion, same-sex marriage, obscene material or a child’s “right” to a public-school education over his parents’ objections. ", "It’s because of these social issues, in particular, that the Family Research Council has weighed in on this case.", "\n\nAlthough it should be about the Second Amendment, this gun rights case is, instead, a Trojan horse for everything except guns. ", "It could remake America’s economy and culture. ", "That’s why several conservative groups have weighed in with a brief asking the court to incorporate the Second Amendment through the Privileges or Immunities Clause but to do so without overruling the Slaughterhouse Cases.", "\n\nMcDonald v. Chicago is as big as it gets. ", "All eyes will be on the Supreme Court early next year.", "\n\nKen Klukowski is a fellow and senior legal analyst with the American Civil Rights Union and authored the brief mentioned above in the case McDonald v. Chicago. ", "Ken Blackwell is a senior fellow with the Family Research Council and the American Civil Rights Union and is the former U.S. ambassador to the U.N. Human Rights Commission.", "\n\nSign up for Daily Opinion Newsletter Manage Newsletters\n\nCopyright © 2020 The Washington Times, LLC. ", "Click here for reprint permission." ]

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[ "Obama's leftism has cost the Dems dearly on a nationwide scale Republicans now dominate at all levels of government. ", "When Obama came into office, the Democrats held control of the House with a strong majority and the Senate with a filibuster-proof majority. ", "Obama promptly lost that filibuster proof majority by forcing Obamacare through, resulting in the highly unlikely election of Scott Brown after Ted Kennedy's death. ", "He then lost the House shortly thereafter in 2010 when the GOP won a massive landslide, netting sixty-three seats. ", "The Supreme Court was controlled by conservatives at a 5-4 margin when Obama took office and will soon be controlled again by a 5-4 conservative majority when Trump takes office. ", "Now in 2016 the GOP has held onto control of the Senate and its huge lead in the House, holding 239 of 435 seats. ", "Democrats also now have the fewest number of state legislatures in the party's history. ", "The Democrats have only 18 of 50 governors and only five of those governors have Democratic controlled state legislatures. ", "Also, the GOP controls 31 of 45 lieutenant governor offices and 31 of 50 secretary of state offices. ", "Obama is staying in Washington so don't expect a new Democrat party The president will remain in Washington as a shadow president haunting Donald Trump, but in reality he will be more of a menace to the Democrats. ", "He will no doubt make his opinions known regularly, probably more so in print than on television as a faint nod to tradition and decorum. ", "Obama's presence will lock the Democrats into cement, stuck to his leftist approach and likely dooming the party to defeat in the next midterm and in four years. ", "Trump has broken down the blue wall and he will probably only increase in popularity in those states if the Democrats do not shift their focus from social justice and environmentalism to jobs and the economy. ", "Obama will attempt to lock the Democrats into his vision for social justice and environmental emphasis. ", "The Democratic social scene is important in D.C., and Obama will be there with his thumb on it constantly. ", "Any attempt to diverge away from Obama's leftist vision for America will likely be met with severe social and even official condemnation. ", "The media controls the liberal agenda almost as much as the Democratic party does in Washington, and Obama holds sway over them no less than does a king over his court. ", "As Schumer and Pelosi attempt to pull the Democrats away from the most radical policy goals that Obama and Ellison hold for America, there will be resistance from Obama who will be spending more time in Washington than President Trump likely will. ", "The army of millennials that Obama leads make up Obama's power base and he will be able to fire them up at will. ", "The more the protesters scream in the streets at the behest of Obama, or even if they do so without his request out of the longing for the empty feel-goodism Obama offered, they will further lock the Democrats into Trump's trap. ", "One of Obama's Supreme Court appointments, Justice Sotomayor, seemed to encourage the protesters to continue in their rage. ", "She is not alone. ", "Obama's media and pop-culture army is raging against Trump and will continue to for the next four years. ", "Stephen Colbert, Jon Stewart and other pop-culture leaders of the Obama left will continue to mock Trump and anyone who supports him. ", "These people are purists, so dedicated to the leftist assumptions about economics, social justice and the environment that they feel obliged to proselytize in the only way they know how, by demeaning any view that disagrees with theirs.", "\n\nSlavish commitment to environmental policies will hold the Democrats back" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to open layout on button click (android)\n\nHow can I open another layout xml file when I click on a button in main.xml file?", "\nso if I have main.xml which has a button sying click here and I click it, it opens up second.xml file (layout).", "\n\nA:\n\nFirst Create your two layout:\nmain.xml\n<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?", ">\n<LinearLayout xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\"\n android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"fill_parent\"\n android:background=\"#ffffff\" >\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:textColor=\"#000000\"\n android:text=\"This is Activity 1\" />\n\n <Button android:text=\"Next\"\n android:id=\"@+id/Button01\"\n android:layout_width=\"250px\"\n android:textSize=\"18px\"\n android:layout_height=\"55px\">\n </Button> \n\n</LinearLayout>\n\nsecond.xml\n<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?", ">\n<LinearLayout xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n android:orientation=\"vertical\"\n android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"fill_parent\"\n android:background=\"#ffffff\" >\n\n <TextView\n android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"\n android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n android:textColor=\"#000000\"\n android:text=\"This is Activity 2\" />\n\n <Button android:text=\"Previous\"\n android:id=\"@+id/Button02\"\n android:layout_width=\"250px\"\n android:textSize=\"18px\"\n android:layout_height=\"55px\">\n </Button> \n\n</LinearLayout>\n\nSecond Add your Activity to the manifest file\n<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?", ">\n<manifest xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n package=\"com.rr\"\n android:versionCode=\"1\"\n android:versionName=\"1.0\">\n <application android:icon=\"@drawable/icon\" android:label=\"@string/app_name\">\n <activity android:name=\".", "Activity1\"\n android:label=\"@string/app_name\">\n <intent-filter>\n <action android:name=\"android.intent.action.", "MAIN\" />\n <category android:name=\"android.intent.category.", "LAUNCHER\" />\n </intent-filter>\n </activity>\n <activity android:name=\".", "Activity2\"></activity>\n </application>\n <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion=\"3\" />\n</manifest>\n\nActivity1.java\nimport android.app.", "Activity;\nimport android.content.", "Intent;\nimport android.os.", "Bundle;\nimport android.view.", "View;\nimport android.widget.", "Button;\n\npublic class Activity1 extends Activity {\n /** Called when the activity is first created. */", "\n @Override\n public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n setContentView(R.layout.main);\n\n Button next = (Button) findViewById(R.id.", "Button01);\n next.setOnClickListener(new View.", "OnClickListener() {\n public void onClick(View view) {\n Intent myIntent = new Intent(view.getContext(), Activity2.class);\n startActivityForResult(myIntent, 0);\n }\n\n });\n }\n}\n\nTo switch to Activity2 you have to:\n\nGets a reference to the button with ID Button01 on the layout using\n(Button) findViewById(R.id.", "Button01).", "\nCreate an OnClick listener for the button.", "\nAnd the most important part, creates an “Intent” to start another\n Activity. ", "The intent needs two parameters: a context and the name of\n the Activity that we want to start (Activity2.class)\n\nActivity2.java\nimport android.app.", "Activity;\nimport android.content.", "Intent;\nimport android.os.", "Bundle;\nimport android.view.", "View;\nimport android.widget.", "Button;\n\npublic class Activity2 extends Activity {\n\n /** Called when the activity is first created. */", "\n public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n setContentView(R.layout.second);\n\n Button next = (Button) findViewById(R.id.", "Button02);\n next.setOnClickListener(new View.", "OnClickListener() {\n public void onClick(View view) {\n Intent intent = new Intent();\n setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);\n finish();\n }\n\n });\n }\n\nA:\n\n-Inflate the button from the xml \n-add an onClickListener on it\n-set a new layout in the onClick event\nButton btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.myButton);\nbtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){\n\n@Override\npublic void onClick(View v)\n{\n MyActivity.setContentView(R.layout.newlayout);\n}\n\n});\n\nSomething like this should work...\n\n" ]

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[ "The bill was created by a \"pan-partisan group of legislators,\" according to Meduza. ", "The aim is ostensibly to give consumers more choice, according to co-author Oleg Nikolayev. \"", "When we buy complex electronic devices, they already have individual applications, mostly Western ones, pre-installed on them,\" he said. \"", "Naturally... they might think that there are no domestic alternatives available. ", "And if, alongside pre-installed applications, we will also offer the Russian ones to users, then they will have a right to choose.\"", "\n\nA mandate to add third-party applications to Apple's ecosystem would be equivalent to jailbreaking. ", "It would pose a security threat, and the company cannot tolerate that kind of risk.", "\n\nProponents of the bill also said it would make devices more friendly for elderly users. \"", "Of course, many people can install whatever they want on their smartphones or computers themselves, but more senior individuals may encounter problems, and they need help,\" said Communist party rep Alexander Yushchenko.", "\n\nHowever, critics said that the bill could force major western tech companies like Apple out of the country. \"", "A mandate to add third-party applications to Apple's ecosystem would be equivalent to jailbreaking. ", "It would pose a security threat, and the company cannot tolerate that kind of risk,\" a source within Apple reportedly told Kommersant. ", "A Russian trade group also said that it's impossible to install Russian app on some devices, which would force certain manufacturers out of the market.", "\n\nOthers see the moves as march towards a surveillance state, with users forced to install apps that may spy on them. ", "Earlier this month, Human Rights Watch called said the internet blocking bill \"is bad news for Russia and creates a dangerous precedent for other countries.\"" ]

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[ "PVN piemērošana apdrošināšanas un finanšu pakalpojumiem (debates)\nPriekšsēdētājs\nNākamais punkts ir J. Muscat Ekonomikas un monetārās komitejas vārdā izstrādātais ziņojums par priekšlikumu Padomes direktīvai, ar ko attiecībā uz apdrošināšanas un finanšu pakalpojumiem groza Direktīvu 2006/112/EK par kopējo pievienotās vērtības nodokļa sistēmu - C6-0473/2007 -.", "\nEs gribētu izmantot izdevību un sveikt savu draugu J. Muscat, un izteikt viņam uzslavu par nesenajiem un ļoti nozīmīgajiem panākumiem politiskajā karjerā. ", "Iespējams, ka tāpēc viņam vienā brīdī nāksies pamest Parlamentu, bet šobrīd tas ir iemesls svinībām gan viņam, gan arī noteikti daudziem no mums.", "\nJoseph Muscat\nMēs diskutējam par jauniem un atklātiem noteikumiem finanšu pakalpojumu nozarē brīdī, kad šai nozarē piedzīvojam vienu no lielākajām krīzēm. ", "Pašreizējā situācija liecina, ka nedrīkst ļaut lietām attīstīties dabiski un ir nepieciešams regulējums. \"", "Regulējums” nenozīmē birokrātiju, - nekādā ziņā pārmērīgu birokrātiju - bet gan garantiju, ka viss tiks nokārtots vislabākajā veidā, nevis formulas un dokumentus, kas ne pie kā neved. ", "Kad kopā ar kolēģiem deputātiem sagatavojām šo ziņojumu, mēs vadījāmies pēc divām prioritātēm: vispirms nodrošināt, ka jebkādas veiktās izmaiņas patērētāju vidū neizraisīs negatīvu rezonansi.", "\nCitiem vārdiem, patērētājiem nedrīkst rasties papildu apgrūtinājumi, un tāpēc mēs sakām, ka PVN piemērošanu finanšu pakalpojumiem vajadzētu pielāgot tikai darījumiem starp diviem uzņēmumiem, un tādēļ PVN jābūt atgūstamam. ", "Mūsu izstrādātais teksts nekādā gadījumā neierosina, ka PVN no finanšu pakalpojumiem, kas nav aplikti ar nodokli, ir jāpiešķir privātpersonai jeb patērētājam. ", "Tas, neraugoties uz iebildumiem no citu iestāžu puses, skaidri un tieši ir izklāstīts ierosinātajā tekstā. ", "Daži kritizē to, ka nozare ietaupīs uz izdevumiem un dalībvalstu ienākumi samazināsies - tas ir interesants arguments, kuru, manuprāt, tomēr lielākoties diezgan atklāti izsaka cilvēki ar nepilnīgu skatījumu uz ekonomiku un finanšu politiku. ", "Pirmkārt, tādā konkurējošā nozarē kā finanšu pakalpojumi un iekārtā, kurā pastāv aizsardzība pret divu uzņēmumu nolīgumiem, jebkuri ārpus uzņēmuma radušies izdevumi ir jāpiešķir patērētājam kā pabalsts vai arī jāizmanto citādāk, lai kompensētu citus pastāvošos izdevumus. ", "Otrkārt, mums kā Eiropai reizi par visām reizēm ir jāsaprot, ka mēs tirgū nekonkurējam vieni paši; mums ir jānodrošina, ka citās dalībvalstīs īstenotās sistēmas - un visas Eiropas Savienībā pastāvošās sistēmas - šķistu pievilcīgas nopietniem uzņēmumiem, kuri vēlas iesaistīties tirgū un kļūt par īstiem Eiropas komersantiem. ", "Sistēmu vienkāršošana ir paņēmiens šīs nozares stimulēšanai, radot tirgus potenciālu un sagādājot darbu, ražīgu darbu.", "\nAr šo ziņojumu mēs, novēršot šķēršļus, palīdzam radīt Eiropas tirgu. ", "Mēs darām to, kas apspriests jau daudzus gadus; īstenojam vienu no darbības plāna mērķiem šajā nozarē. ", "Mēs nodrošinām to, ka varam būt aktīvi, risināt problēmas un sekot jaunām idejām. ", "Varbūt neesam vienisprātis par tehniskajām īpatnībām, varbūt daži teiks, ka mēs varam izmantot vienu sistēmu, bet otru nē, taču es uzskatu - šim Parlamentam ir jānorāda, ka tas ir mūsu galējais mērķis. ", "Acīmredzot pastāv zināmi punkti, par kuriem mūsu - arī mani - uzskati atšķiras, piemēram, definīciju paplašināšana. ", "Manuprāt, būtu bijis labāk, ja komiteja šajā sakarā būtu sekojusi maniem ieteikumiem, kuri vienmēr bijuši šādi: vai nu paturēt Komisijas tekstu, vai vairāk ierobežot definīcijas. ", "Neraugoties uz to, mums ir jāņem vērā, ka komiteja nolēma rīkoties stratēģiski un tādēļ šo ziņojumu pieņēma, tikai vienam deputātam balsojot \"pret”. ", "Es gaidu savu draugu un arī Komisijas reakciju.", "\nLászló Kovács\nKomisijas loceklis. - ", "Priekšsēdētājas kundze, es gribētu sākt, izsakot pateicību J. Muscat par paveikto darbu un paužot atbalstu Komisijas priekšlikumam, un novēlēt viņam veiksmi jaunajos pienākumos Maltā.", "\nKomisijas priekšlikumā iztirzātas trīs galvenās problēmas.", "\nPirmkārt, Eiropas Kopienu Tiesā pastāvošie akti kļūst par arvien lielāku iemeslu juridiskajām problēmām. ", "Šajā ziņā kaut kas ir jādara.", "\nOtrkārt, mums nepieciešama konsekventāka PVN piemērošana finanšu pakalpojumiem un vienlīdzīgāki konkurences apstākļi iekšējā tirgū.", "\nTreškārt, mums ir attiecīgi jārīkojas, lai nozarē uzlabotu konkurētspēju.", "\nPastāv bažas, ka Eiropas Savienības finanšu pakalpojumi un apdrošināšanas nozare ir mazāk produktīvi, nekā tiem vajadzētu būt, un tādējādi ES nozarē rodas lielākas finanšu pakalpojumu un apdrošināšanas izmaksas nekā tās konkurentiem trešās valstīs. ", "Tas nav tikai Eiropas Savienības PVN noteikumu dēļ, taču tie zināmā mērā šo situāciju veicina. ", "Jāpiebilst, ka dalībvalstīs pastāv atšķirīgi PVN atvieglojumi, un tas Eiropas Savienībā rada konkurences apstākļu deformāciju. ", "Piemēram, iespēja atgūt nodokļus, kas samaksāti trešās puses pakalpojumu sniedzējiem (līgumstrādniekiem), atšķiras atkarībā no valsts PVN noteikumu interpretācijas.", "\nEiropas finanšu un apdrošināšanas uzņēmumu konkurētspējas uzlabošana bija iemesls, kādēļ Komisija šo priekšlikumu izteica, bet patiesībā tas ir jāsaskaņo ar dalībvalstu vajadzībām, lai nodrošinātu stabilus nodokļu ieņēmumus.", "\nPriekšlikums ietver trīs elementus.", "\nPirmkārt, lai palielinātu visu iesaistīto pušu juridisko noteiktību, mēs piedāvājam modernizētu definīciju neapliekamajiem pakalpojumiem.", "\nOtrkārt, lai izvairītos no tā, ka uzņēmumu klienti cietīs no \"slēptā” neatvelkamā PVN, priekšlikumā piedāvāts dot finanšu un apdrošināšanas uzņēmumiem izvēles iespēju piemērot nodokli saviem pakalpojumiem.", "\nTreškārt, priekšlikums paredz atbrīvojumu no PVN ar izmaksu dalīšanu saistītiem pasākumiem, tostarp attiecībā uz pārrobežu pasākumiem.", "\nŠo priekšlikumu dēļ dalībvalstīm sākotnēji varētu noteiktā mērā samazināties no PVN gūto ieņēmumu apjoms, bet to var attaisnot, ja piedāvātās izmaiņas, kā gaidāms, uzlabos konkurētspēju.", "\nTāpēc es atbalstu ziņojumā pausto konstatējumu par problēmām, kas saistītas ar neatgūstamo PVN un tā saistību ar uzņēmējdarbības efektivitāti un Lisabonas stratēģiju. ", "Es atbalstu arī to, ka referents atzīst - izmaiņu rezultātā varētu samazināties no PVN gūto ieņēmumu apjoms.", "\nNo patērētāju viedokļa es piekrītu, ka sekas ne vienmēr ir skaidri pārskatāmas, bet es domāju, ka viņi galu galā gūs labumu no nozares iegūtā izmaksu ietaupījuma.", "\nTāpat es atbalstu pozitīvās piebildes par priekšlikuma saturu un juridiskās noteiktības izveidošanu. ", "Komisijas ieteiktās jaunās definīcijas ir nepieciešamas, lai tiesību akti atbilstu ekonomiskajai realitātei.", "\nMan simpatizē piezīmes par nepieciešamību pēc piesardzības un par uzticamu personu trūkumu, lai pilnībā novērtētu izmaiņu ietekmi. ", "Tomēr par šīm nepilnībām nevajadzētu pārmest Komisijai, jo vajadzīgos datus nevarēja nodrošināt ne iesaistītās nozares, ne dalībvalstu pārvaldes.", "\nEs, tāpat kā J. Muscat, apzinos, ka pārrobežu konsolidācijas rezultātā finanšu nozarē nodokļu uzkrājumi, kurus veido iekasētais PVN, arvien vairāk uzkrājas dalībvalstīs, kuras ir pakalpojuma sniedzējas, nevis tajās, kur atrodas pakalpojuma patērētājs. ", "Tendence mainītos, ja atbrīvojumu no nodokļiem aizstātu nodokļu piemērošana, ko izraisītu lielākas izvēles iespējas piemērot nodokli, kā esam ieteikuši šajā priekšlikumā. ", "Manuprāt, tas ir labākais veids, kā tikt galā ar paustajām bažām.", "\nNobeigumā es vēlos informēt, ka Padomē Slovēnijas prezidentūras laikā jau tika uzsāktas pamatīgākas diskusijas par šo priekšlikumu. ", "Arī pašreizējā Francijas prezidentūra ir apņēmusies panākt progresu šajā lietā, tādēļ es atbalstu Parlamenta pozitīvi vērtējamo iesaistīšanos, kas varētu iedrošināt Padomi turpināt veicināt progresu.", "\nDavid Casa\nZiņojums, kas atrodas mūsu priekšā, ir īpaši svarīgs, galvenokārt, ja ņem vērā to, ka pēdējos pāris gados ekonomika ir sākusi virzīties nedaudz citādākā virzienā nekā iepriekšējos gados. ", "Šajā ziņojumā bez šaubām ir mēģināts labāk atspoguļot pašreizējo situāciju. ", "Tāpēc ir būtiski nodrošināt juridisko bāzi, lai iesaistītajiem uzņēmumiem būtu mazāk jānodarbojas ar birokrātiju, kā to pareizi norādīja referents. ", "To varētu panākt, novēršot anomālijas pašreizējos tiesību aktos, kas nosaka PVN piemērošanu finanšu pakalpojumiem - tiesību aktos, kas pastāvējuši pēdējos 30 gadus un vēl nav pietiekami skaidri. ", "Šis ziņojums maksimāli palīdzēs nodrošināt lielāku stabilitāti, un mums pēc iespējas ir jāgarantē, ka visās valstīs tiek saskaņotas piemērojamās likmes, lai pēc iespējas mazinātu atšķirības. ", "Jau sen esam jutuši nepieciešamību pēc izmaiņām šajā situācijā, un es uzskatu, ka referentam bijusi taisnība, kad, neaizmirstot par nepieciešamību vienkāršot finanšu uzņēmumu darbu, viņš arī centās - un domāju, tas ir pats svarīgākais - nodrošināt, ka no ierosinātajām izmaiņām gūst labumu patērētājs.", "\nŠodien ir pēdējā diena, kad mans kolēģis, deputāts no Maltas, piedalās plenārsēdē, un arī es gribu viņam novēlēt veiksmi darbā nākamajos gados. ", "Parlamentā viņš ir ieguvis četru gadu pieredzi, un, manuprāt, šī pieredze ir pārveidojusi viņa personību, ļaujot pārtapt no politiķa, kurš īsti neticēja Eiropas Savienībai un labumam, ko tā varētu sniegt Maltai, par tādu politiķi, kas ar šo ziņojumu ir mums parādījis - viņš patiesi tic, ka mēs varam izmainīt politiku ne tikai savā valstī, bet arī Eiropas Savienībā. ", "Šodien mēs piedzīvojam pārmaiņas, kuras es gribētu viņam novēlētu paņemt līdzi uz manu valsti, jo es uzskatu, ka to pieredzi, ko viņš guvis Parlamentā, var aizvest uz manu valsti, un veids, kā mēs tur veidojam politiku, var līdzināties tam, kā mēs strādājam Parlamentā - tas ir, dalībvalsts intereses joprojām ir svarīgas tāpat kā Eiropas Savienības intereses, jo šodien mēs esam tās daļa. ", "Es viņam vēlu izdošanos darbā, novēlu panākumus kā opozīcijas vadītājam; es neizteikšu cerību, ka viņam kā opozīcijas vadītājam būs ilgstoša karjera, jo tā, manuprāt, nebūtu pareizi runāt par savu kolēģi deputātu, bet es ceru, ka Parlamentā gūto pozitīvo pieredzi viņš nodos savai partijai un galu galā arī mūsu valstij.", "\nAntolín Sánchez Presedo\nPSE grupas vārdā. - (", "ES) Kopš 1977. ", "gada lielākā daļa finanšu pakalpojumu, tostarp apdrošināšanas un ieguldījumu fondu pārvaldība, ir bijuši atbrīvoti no PVN. ", "Šajā laikā ir radušās divas būtiskas problēmas: atbrīvojuma satura definīcija un neiespējamība atgūt PVN, kas radusies, nodrošinot pakalpojumus, kuri nav apliekami ar nodokļiem, izraisot \"slēptā” PVN parādību. ", "Problēmu saasinājusi arī globalizācija, Eiropas finanšu integrācija un tirgus konsolidācija, kuras ietekmējušas darījumu organizēšanu un līgumdarbu piesaistīšanu tajos, lai nodrošinātu šos pakalpojumus.", "\nŠis ziņojums ir pirmais mēģinājums modernizēt direktīvu, kas ne tikai izraisa neskaidrības par tās saturu, tādējādi liekot Eiropas Kopienu Tiesai iejaukties, bet arī ir novecojusi.", "\nEs vēlos izteikt uzslavu referentam J. Muscat par izcilo darbu ziņojuma izstrādāšanā par tēmu, kas ekonomiskajā ziņā ir ļoti jutīga un tehniskajā ziņā - sarežģīta.", "\nVispārēju atzinību ir izpelnījušies viņa ierosinājumi modernizēt definīciju par apdrošināšanas un finanšu pakalpojumiem, un šie ierosinājumi atbilst Finanšu pakalpojumu rīcības plānam un paredz stingru rīcību attiecībā uz atbrīvojumiem no nodokļiem. ", "Vispārēju atbalstu ir guvušas arī viņa pūles pasargāt patērētājus no cenu paaugstināšanas, dodot ar nodokli apliekamām personām izvēles iespēju, vai pakalpojumus aplikt ar nodokli.", "\nGala rezultātā, kad uzņēmumiem, kas iesaistīti izmaksu sadales pasākumos, tiks noteikts īpašs atbrīvojums no PVN, palielināsies nozares uzticamība un dalībvalstu budžeta drošība, tiks novērsta konkurences kropļošana un uzlabosies banku un apdrošināšanas uzņēmumu konkurētspēja, nevairojot patērētāju izdevumus.", "\nEs vēlos izteikt gandarījumu par divu aspektu apvienošanu šajos grozījumos - atsauci uz kopapdrošināšanu un uzlaboto definīciju par starpniecības jēdzienu, kas ietver tikai profesionālās darbības, kuras tiek sniegtas kā atsevišķi, tieši vai netieši starpnieka pakalpojumi, un kas precizē, ka starpnieki attiecīgajos darījumos nepiedalās.", "\nNobeigumā es gribu novēlēt J. Muscat izcilus panākumus. ", "Esmu pārliecināts, ka drīz viņš baudīs šos panākumus, piedaloties Eiropas integrācijā no Padomes.", "\nZbigniew Krzysztof Kuźmiuk\nUEN grupas vārdā. - (", "PL) Priekšsēdētājas kundze, tā kā es šajās debatēs uzstājos UEN grupas vārdā, vēlos pievērst uzmanību trīs lietām.", "\nPirmkārt, Eiropas Komisijas priekšlikumi par PVN piemērošanu finanšu un apdrošināšanas pakalpojumiem uzlabo ne tikai ekonomikas struktūrām, kuras piedāvā šos pakalpojumus, bet arī atsevišķu dalībvalstu finanšu struktūru juridisko noteiktību.", "\nOtrkārt, tas ir labs risinājums, ka dalībvalstis dod nodokļu maksātājiem izvēli attiecībā uz PVN piemērošanu finanšu un apdrošināšanas pakalpojumiem, atstājot vairākas sīkākas detaļas šajā jomā dalībvalstu ziņā. ", "Tas izraisīs nodokļu sistēmas pilnvaru decentralizāciju un tādējādi subsidiaritātes principa īstenošanu.", "\nTreškārt, būtiska ir pašreiz veiktā analīze par finanšu iesaistīšanu ierosinātajās izmaiņās. ", "Tas it īpaši attiecas uz samazinātajiem ieņēmumiem no PVN atsevišķās dalībvalstīs, kas radušies uzņēmēju paaugstināto izdevumu dēļ. ", "Ir jāizpēta arī šo izmaiņu ietekme uz finanšu un apdrošināšanas pakalpojumu izmaksām, kuras radīsies patērētājam.", "\nLouis Grech\n(MT) Referents ir atbalstījis Komisijas priekšlikuma struktūru, tā ka esam spiesti risināt problēmu, ko esam atlikuši vairāk nekā 30 gadus. ", "Šī nozare ir ļoti nozīmīga arvien lielākam skaitam valstu, tostarp arī Maltai. ", "Ziņojumā atrodami noteikumi, kas sekmē nozīmīgu uzņēmumu darbu un sekmē īstu brīvo tirgu bez robežām, radot labklājību, darbavietas un lielāku izvēli. ", "Viena no prioritātēm ir ieviest noteikumus, lai patērētāji būtu aizsargāti un nekādā gadījumā netiktu apgrūtināti ar papildu nodokļiem. ", "Patiesībā patērētājiem vajadzētu gūt labumu no katras izdevumu samazināšanas un katras sistēmas efektivitātes paaugstināšanās. ", "Ja būs nepieciešams, tiks veikta papildu analīze, lai ietvertu citus aizsardzības pasākumus.", "\nJ. Muscat ziņojums ir radījis lielāku skaidrību un juridisko noteiktību nodokļu sistēmas un finanšu pakalpojumu jomā, īpaši šajā laikā, kad kapitāla tirgū piedzīvojam būtiskas izmaiņas.", "\nNobeigumā es vēlos pateikties J. Muscat, kurš pēdējo četrarpus gadu laikā ir devis nozīmīgu ieguldījumu.", "\nLászló Kovács\nKomisijas loceklis. - ", "Priekšsēdētājas kundze, es vēlos pateikties jums par komentāriem un debašu laikā pausto vērtīgo viedokli. ", "Kā jau minēju atklāšanas runā, ļoti nozīmīgs ir pozitīvais Parlamenta viedoklis par Komisijas priekšlikumu saistībā ar PVN piemērošanu apdrošināšanas un finanšu pakalpojumiem. ", "Mēs esam ņēmuši vērā ziņojumā minētās bažas, it īpaši par neitralitātes trūkumu atgūšanas likmju ziņā, grūtībām ar statistiku un risku, ka nodokļu ienākumus novirzīs uz neatgūstamajiem PVN priekšnodokļiem.", "\nKaut arī Komisija principā varētu izturēties labvēlīgi pret dažiem grozījumiem kā, piemēram, par atvasinātajiem izdevumiem, mēs savu priekšlikumu negrozīsim tikai formalitātes pēc. ", "Taču mēs Padomes apspriedēs centīsimies pēc iespējas ņemt vērā Parlamenta ieteiktos priekšlikumus.", "\nEs gribētu izteikt pateicību par sniegto labvēlīgo atbalstu mūsu priekšlikumam. ", "Parlamenta pozitīvais viedoklis būs labs signāls, lai veicinātu dalībvalstu izpratni par nepieciešamību rīkoties.", "\nJoseph Muscat\nVispirms es vēlos pateikties Parlamenta dienestiem un Komisijai par palīdzību šā dokumentu kopuma izstrādē, lai gan darbs pie tā vēl nav pabeigts. ", "Bet attiecībā uz Parlamentu es, tāpat kā Komisārs, ceru, ka mūsu vēstījums ir skaidrs. ", "Es uzskatu, ka mums vispirms jāvienojas, - un Parlaments tam ir devis absolūtu piekrišanu - ka jā, izveidosim normatīvos aktus, veiksim izmaiņas, kur tās nepieciešamas, nodrošināsim vienkāršāku sistēmu, bet uzmanīsimies, lai patērētājam nav jāsedz visi izdevumi. ", "Domāju, ka tas ir mūsu, Parlamenta, galvenais vēstījums Komisijai un pat Padomei. ", "Es novēlu visiem veiksmi darbā pie šā dokumentu kopuma pabeigšanas. ", "Paldies maniem draugiem par labajiem vēlējumiem, it īpaši D. Casa, kurš mums ir skaidri apliecinājis jauno politisko sezonu Leiboristu partijai un tautai.", "\nPresident\nLiels paldies, J. Muscat, arī es ceru, ka jūsu darbs būs veiksmīgs un darīs Eiropu arvien stiprāku.", "\nDebates tiek slēgtas.", "\nBalsošana notiks ceturtdien, 2008. ", "gada 25. ", "septembrī.", "\nRakstiskie paziņojumi (142. ", "pants)\nGábor Harangozó\nrakstiski. - ", "Vispirms es vēlos paust uzslavu referentam J. Muscat par ļoti vispusīgo ziņojumu, kurā iztirzāts jautājums par pievienotās vērtības nodokļa piemērošanu apdrošināšanas un finanšu pakalpojumiem no uzņēmēju, nodokļu administrāciju un patērētāju viedokļa. ", "Es uzskatu, ka par spīti grūtībām - pamatojoties uz šo priekšlikumu - skaidri novērtēt patērētāju ieguvuma apmēru efektivitātes un izdevumu ziņā, mums vajadzētu garantēt apdrošināšanas un finanšu pakalpojumu juridisko noteiktību un savstarpējo saskaņu jautājumos saistībā ar PVN. ", "Būtībā ir svarīgi nodrošināt, ka PVN maksājumu atvieglošanas pasākumi uzņēmējiem netiks īstenoti uz patērētāju rēķina. ", "Tomēr man, tāpat kā referentam, jāpiemin, ka dalībvalstīm ir dota ļoti liela brīvība, kas dažādās dalībvalstīs varētu izraisīt nevienādas īstenošanas sekas. ", "Nobeigumā es vēlos uzsvērt - ņemot vērā to, ka nav skaidri zināma šo pasākumu īstenošanas ietekme, mums vajadzētu saglabāt piesardzību un tāpēc atbalstīt Komisijas pienākumu ziņot par šo jautājumu gan Padomei, gan Parlamentam.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "EuroParl" }

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