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Conflict theory looks at society as a competition for limited resources. | Conflict theory |
This can lead to a sense of xenophobia, which is an illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods. | a sense of xenophobia |
Such soft news presents news in an entertaining and approachable manner, painlessly introducing a variety of topics. | soft news |
Positron emission tomography( PET) scans create pictures of the living, active brain. | Positron emission tomography PET |
Unlike public goods, which all people may use without charge, common goods are in limited supply. | common goods |
Although not well understood, Ménière 's disease results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus( constant ringing or buzzing), vertigo( a sense of spinning), and an increase in pressure within the inner ear( Semaan & Megerian, 2011). | Ménière 's disease |
This difference in charge across the membrane, called the membrane potential, provides energy for the signal. | the membrane potential |
She fought against foot binding, a cultural tradition where girls β feet were tightly bound to keep them from growing, and shared her personal food and money when those around her were suffering. | foot binding |
In the G2 phase, the cell replenishes its energy stores and synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation. | the G2 phase |
Annelids show protostomic development in embryonic stages and are often called β segmented worms β due to their key characteristic of metamerism, or true segmentation. | Annelids |
The overall body can be divided into head, body, and pygidium( or tail). | pygidium |
The neurotransmitters are transported across the very small distances between nerve cells, which are called chemical synapses. | chemical synapses ( [ link ] ) |
The second world was the in - between category : nations not as limited in development as the third world, but not as well off as the first world, having moderate economies and standard of living, such as China or Cuba. | The second world |
In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation( FDIC) protects the savings of the average person. | the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FDIC |
Here the cells in the blastula arrange themselves in two layers : the inner cell mass, and an outer layer called the trophoblast. | the trophoblast |
Carnivores are animals that eat other animals. | Carnivores |
If a characteristic is found in the ancestor of a group, it is considered a shared ancestral character because all of the organisms in the taxon or clade have that trait. | a shared ancestral character |
The morphology of the simplest sponges takes the shape of a cylinder with a large central cavity, the spongocoel, occupying the inside of the cylinder. | the spongocoel |
In the event of a bank run, sound banks,( banks that were not bankrupt) could borrow as much cash as they needed from the Fed βs discount β window β to quell the bank run. | sound banks |
Instead, economists use game theory, a branch of mathematics that analyzes situations in which players must make decisions and then receive payoffs based on what other players decide to do. | game theory |
Cohesion allows for the development of surface tension, the capacity of a substance to withstand being ruptured when placed under tension or stress. | surface tension |
People who suffer from diabetes do not produce enough insulin ; therefore, they must take medications that stimulate or replace insulin production, and they must closely control the amount of sugars and carbohydrates they consume. The gonads secrete sexual hormones, which are important in reproduction, and mediate both sexual motivation and behavior. | diabetes The gonads |
To explore these questions, we turn to demography, or the study of populations. | demography |
When glucose levels decline in the cell, accumulating cAMP binds to the positive regulator catabolite activator protein( CAP), a protein that binds to the promoters of operons that control the processing of alternative sugars. | catabolite activator protein CAP |
As we βve learned, CPI measures prices as they affect everyday household spending. | CPI |
This outcome is an important example of a macroeconomic externality, where what happens at the macro level is different from and inferior to what happens at the micro level. | a macroeconomic externality |
There were allegations of racial profiling β the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someone β a national discussion about β Stand Your Ground Laws, β and a failed lawsuit in which Zimmerman accused NBC of airing an edited version of the 911 call that made him appear racist. | racial profiling |
An instrumental leader is one who is goal - oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks. | An instrumental leader |
Gender dysphoria is a diagnostic category in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders( DSM-5) that describes individuals who do not identify as the gender that most people would assume they are. | Gender dysphoria |
Evolutionary psychology is a discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection. | Evolutionary psychology |
These velocities are called relative velocities. | relative |
Receptors, proteins on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach, vary in shape, with different shapes β matching β different neurotransmitters. | Receptors |
A postzygotic barrier occurs after zygote formation ; this includes organisms that do nβt survive the embryonic stage and those that are born sterile. | A postzygotic barrier |
The observable traits expressed by an organism are referred to as its phenotype. | phenotype |
During inhalation, air enters the body through the nasal cavity located just inside the nose. | inhalation |
On the other hand, in noncompetitive inhibition, an inhibitor molecule binds to the enzyme in a location other than an allosteric site and still manages to block substrate binding to the active site. | noncompetitive inhibition |
Additionally, we possess general senses, also called somatosensation, which respond to stimuli like temperature, pain, pressure, and vibration. | somatosensation |
The organization lobbied state legislators to raise the drinking age and impose tougher penalties, but without success. | The organization |
Mineral soils form directly from the weathering of bedrock, the solid rock that lies beneath the soil, and therefore, they have a similar composition to the original rock. | Mineral soils bedrock |
Gametangia( singular, gametangium) are structures observed on multicellular haploid gametophytes. | Gametangia |
Referring to what became known as the Fourteen Points, Wilson called for openness in all matters of diplomacy and trade, specifically, free trade, freedom of the seas, an end to secret treaties and negotiations, promotion of self - determination of all nations, and more. | the Fourteen Points |
Behaviorism is a school of thought that arose during the first part of the 20th century, which incorporates elements of Pavlov βs classical conditioning( Hunt, 2007). | Behaviorism |
Sleep is a state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness. | Sleep |
The ground substance is made of an organic substance( usually a protein) and an inorganic substance( usually a mineral or water). | The ground substance |
Intellectual property rights include patents, which give the inventor the exclusive legal right to make, use, or sell the invention for a limited time, and copyright laws, which give the author an exclusive legal right over works of literature, music, film/ video, and pictures. | patents copyright laws |
The actor - observer bias is the phenomenon of attributing other people βs behavior to internal factors( fundamental attribution error) while attributing our own behavior to situational forces( Jones & Nisbett, 1971 ; Nisbett, Caputo, Legant, & Marecek, 1973 ; Choi & Nisbett, 1998). | The actor - observer bias |
A serotype is a strain of bacteria that carries a set of similar antigens on its cell surface, and there are often many different serotypes of a bacterial species. | A serotype |
Scientists can determine the amount of energy of a wave by measuring its wavelength, the distance between consecutive points of a wave. | wavelength |
Altruism is people βs desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping. | Altruism |
In Buckley v. Valeo( 1976), the Supreme Court upheld Congress βs right to regulate elections by restricting contributions to campaigns and candidates. | Buckley v. Valeo ( 1976 ) |
Cluster C disorders include avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive - compulsive personality disorder( which is not the same thing as obsessive - compulsive disorder). | Cluster C disorders |
Another type of hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbons, consists of closed rings of carbon atoms. | aromatic hydrocarbons |
When firms act together in this way to reduce output and keep prices high, it is called collusion. | collusion |
In central sleep apnea, disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing( White, 2005). | central sleep apnea |
The TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test is another tool designed to be culturally relevant to minority groups, especially Hispanic youths. | The TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test |
The B horizon is an accumulation of mostly fine material that has moved downward, resulting in a dense layer in the soil. | The B horizon |
Religious beliefs are specific ideas members of a particular faith hold to be true, such as that Jesus Christ was the son of God, or that reincarnation exists. | Religious beliefs |
Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure at which a gas coexists with its solid or liquid phase. | Vapor pressure |
Divergent thinking can be described as thinking β outside the box ; β it allows an individual to arrive at unique, multiple solutions to a given problem. | Divergent thinking |
Downsizing is an increasingly common response to a business βs pronounced failure to achieve profit goals, and it involves laying off a significant percentage of the company βs employees. | Downsizing |
The income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income. | The income elasticity of demand |
Monosaccharides( mono- = β one β ; sacchar- = β sweet β) are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose. | Monosaccharides |
Finally, fatuous love is defined by having passion and commitment, but no intimacy, such as a long term sexual love affair. | fatuous love |
Cell - surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane - anchored( integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. | Cell - surface receptors transmembrane receptors |
Embedded in the thylakoid membrane is chlorophyll, a pigment( molecule that absorbs light) responsible for the initial interaction between light and plant material, and numerous proteins that make up the electron transport chain. | chlorophyll |
The rotifers are a microscopic( about 100 Β΅m to 30 mm) group of mostly aquatic organisms that get their name from the corona, a rotating, wheel - like structure that is covered with cilia at their anterior end. | The rotifers |
Redlining is the practice of routinely refusing mortgages for households and businesses located in predominately minority communities, while sedimentation of racial inequality describes the intergenerational impact of both practical and legalized racism that limits the abilities of black people to accumulate wealth. | Redlining sedimentation of racial inequality |
Piaget βs second stage is the preoperational stage, which is from approximately 2 to 7 years old. | the preoperational stage |
Nearly all animals employ a diploid - dominant life - cycle strategy in which the only haploid cells produced by the organism are the gametes. | a diploid - dominant life - cycle strategy |
Conditioned behaviors are types of associative learning, where a stimulus becomes associated with a consequence. | Conditioned behaviors |
This is called pseudostratified, columnar epithelia. | pseudostratified , columnar epithelia |
Some interest groups develop as grassroots movements, which often begin from the bottom up among a small number of people at the local level. | grassroots movements |
The national security advisor heads the president βs National Security Council, a group of senior - level staff from multiple foreign policy agencies, and is generally the president βs top foreign policy advisor. | The national security advisor National Security Council |
The induced - fit model expands upon the lock - and - key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. | The induced - fit model |
An alternate assumption is that people and firms act with adaptive expectations : they look at past experience and gradually adapt their beliefs and behavior as circumstances change, but are not perfect synthesizers of information and accurate predictors of the future in the sense of rational expectations theory. | adaptive expectations |
The price elasticity of supply is the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in price. Elasticities can be usefully divided into three broad categories : elastic, inelastic, and unitary. | The price elasticity of supply |
A conservative force is one, like the gravitational force, for which work done by or against it depends only on the starting and ending points of a motion and not on the path taken. | A conservative force |
It is based on the idea of free will, that people are born equal with the right to make decisions without government intervention. | free will |
In simple terms, the theory states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off. | the theory |
You can hedge, which means using a financial transaction to protect yourself against a risk from one of your investments( in this case, currency risk from the contract). | hedge |
What they found became known as the Zeeman effect, which involved spectral lines being split into two or more separate emission lines by an external magnetic field, as shown in. | the Zeeman effect |
The plumule is composed of the epicotyl, young leaves, and the shoot apical meristem. Upon germination in dicot seeds, the epicotyl is shaped like a hook with the plumule pointing downwards. | The plumule |
Fracking, another word for hydraulic fracturing, is a method used to recover gas and oil from shale by drilling down into the earth and directing a high - pressure mixture of water, sand, and proprietary chemicals into the rock. | Fracking hydraulic fracturing |
One of the advantages of secondary data is that it is nonreactive research( or unobtrusive research), meaning that it does not include direct contact with subjects and will not alter or influence people βs behaviors. | nonreactive research unobtrusive research |
A blood vessel and a nerve are found in the center of the structure within the Haversian canal, with radiating circles of lacunae around it known as lamellae. | lamellae |
The atrium collects blood that has returned from the body and the ventricle pumps the blood to the gills where gas exchange occurs and the blood is re - oxygenated ; this is called gill circulation. | gill circulation |
So money serves all of these functions β it is a medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account, and standard of deferred payment. | money |
Photoperiodism is the ability to use light to track time. | Photoperiodism |
Heat transfer by radiation occurs when microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, or another form of electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed. | Heat transfer by radiation |
Symphyses are found at the joints between vertebrae. | Symphyses |
A symporter carries two different ions or molecules, both in the same direction. | A symporter |
The chordates are named for the notochord, which is a flexible, rod - shaped structure that is found in the embryonic stage of all chordates and in the adult stage of some chordate species. | the notochord |
One component of flexible response was the Green Berets, a U.S. Army Special Forces unit trained in counterinsurgency β the military suppression of rebel and nationalist groups in foreign nations. | the Green Berets |
The long - run process of reducing production in response to a sustained pattern of losses is called exit. | exit |
Saliva also contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that begins the process of converting starches in the food into a disaccharide called maltose. | an enzyme called salivary amylase |
A newton - meter is given the special name joule( J), and 1 J = 1 N β
m = 1 kg β
m2/ s 21 J = 1 N β
m = 1 kg β
m2/ s2 size 12 { 1 " J " = 1 " N " cdot m = 1 " kg " cdot m rSup { size 8 { 2 } } "/ s " rSup { size 8 { 2 } } } { }. | A newton - meter |
Biases tend to β preserve that which is already established β to maintain our preexisting knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and hypotheses β( Aronson, 1995 ; Kahneman, 2011). | Biases |
Political philosopher Herbert Spencer took Darwin βs theory of evolution further, coining the actual phrase β survival of the fittest, β and later helping to popularize the phrase social Darwinism to posit that society evolved much like a natural organism, wherein some individuals will succeed due to racially and ethnically inherent traits, and their ability to adapt. | social Darwinism |
A simulation model is an ecosystem model that is created using complex computer algorithms to holistically model ecosystems and to predict the effects of environmental disturbances on ecosystem structure and dynamics. | A simulation model |
The cranial bones are eight bones that form the cranial cavity, which encloses the brain and serves as an attachment site for the muscles of the head and neck. | The cranial bones |