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A base provides either hydroxide ions( OH –) or other negatively charged ions that combine with hydrogen ions, reducing their concentration in the solution and thereby raising the pH. | A base |
For example, iron awls made the creation of shell beads among the native people of the Eastern Woodlands much easier, and the result was an astonishing increase in the production of wampum, shell beads used in ceremonies and as jewelry and currency. | wampum |
The Boston Port Act shut down Boston Harbor until the East India Company was repaid. | The Boston Port Act |
During the mitotic phase, the replicated DNA and cytoplasmic contents are separated, and the cell divides. | the mitotic phase |
Others have proposed abandoning any tree - like model of phylogeny in favor of a ring structure, the so - called “ ring of life ” ; a phylogenetic model where all three domains of life evolved from a pool of primitive prokaryotes. | “ ring of life ” |
Gerrymandering is the manipulation of legislative district boundaries as a way of favoring a particular candidate. | Gerrymandering |
They use the term impairment to describe the physical limitations, while reserving the term disability to refer to the social limitation. | impairment disability |
The Help America Vote Act of 2002( HAVA) was passed in order to reform voting across the states and reduce these problems. | The Help America Vote Act of 2002 HAVA |
Soil bacteria, collectively called rhizobia, are able to symbiotically interact with legumes to form nodules, specialized structures where nitrogen fixation occurs. | rhizobia nodules |
A scalar is any quantity that has a magnitude, but no direction. | A scalar |
And an inherent power, while not enumerated or implied, must be assumed to exist as a direct result of the country ’s existence. | an inherent power |
Meiosis II, in which the second round of meiotic division takes place, includes prophase II, prometaphase II, and so on. | Meiosis II |
Prokaryotes recycle nutrients — essential substances( such as carbon and nitrogen) — and they drive the evolution of new ecosystems, some of which are natural and others man - made. | nutrients |
Cells that a virus may use to replicate are called permissive. | permissive |
Finally, the desire of office holders in each branch of government to exercise the powers given to them, described as “ personal motives, ” would encourage them to limit any attempt by the other branches to overstep their authority. | personal motives |
Risk measures the uncertainty of that project ’s profitability. | Risk |
In ovoviparity, fertilized eggs are retained in the female, but the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg ’s yolk and the young are fully developed when they are hatched. | ovoviparity |
Point mutations are those mutations that affect a single base pair. | Point mutations |
The lowest resonant frequency is called the fundamental, while all higher resonant frequencies are called overtones. | the fundamental overtones |
The theory posits that social stratification represents the inherently unequal value of different work. | The theory |
But for technophiles, technology symbolizes the potential for a brighter future. | technophiles |
To a mathematician or an economist, a variable is the name given to a quantity that may assume a range of values. | a variable |
Gnathostomes or “ jaw - mouths ” are vertebrates that possess jaws. | Gnathostomes “ jaw - mouths ” |
In a second type, the Glomeromycete fungi form vesicular – arbuscular interactions with arbuscular mycorrhiza( sometimes called endomycorrhizae). | the Glomeromycete fungi |
There are three different ways that a brain can be sectioned in order to view internal structures : a sagittal section cuts the brain left to right, as shown in b, a coronal section cuts the brain front to back, as shown in a, and a horizontal section cuts the brain top to bottom. Cerebral CortexThe outermost part of the brain is a thick piece of nervous system tissue called the cerebral cortex, which is folded into hills called gyri( singular : gyrus) and valleys called sulci( singular : sulcus). | the cerebral cortex |
Collenchyma cells are elongated cells with unevenly thickened walls. | Collenchyma cells |
Topics that remain at the forefront of public debate today include immigration reform, the DREAM Act( a proposal for granting undocumented immigrants permanent residency in stages), and court action on President Obama ’s executive orders on immigration. | the DREAM Act |
Another approach is to require a cosigner on a loan ; that is, another person or firm who legally pledges to repay some or all of the money if the original borrower does not do so. | a cosigner on a loan |
Private interests usually seek particularized benefits from government that favor either a single interest or a narrow set of interests. | Private interests |
The GH mediated increase in blood glucose levels is called a diabetogenic effect because it is similar to the high blood glucose levels seen in diabetes mellitus. | a diabetogenic effect |
The range of radiation is defined to be the distance it can travel through a material. | The range of radiation |
Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Taínos he found there “ Indios, ” giving rise to the term “ Indian ” for any native people of the New World. | Indios Indian |
This demand is determined by a number of factors, but one of them is the price level — recall though, that the price level is an index number such as the GDP deflator that measures the average price of the things we buy. | the price level |
The zygomycetes are a relatively small group of fungi belonging to the Phylum Zygomycota. | The zygomycetes |
An adjustable - rate mortgage( ARM) is a kind of loan used to purchase a home in which the interest rate varies with the rate of inflation. | An adjustable - rate mortgage ARM |
These temporarily induced magnets are called electromagnets. | electromagnets |
The Bush administration also pushed the USA Patriot Act through Congress, which enabled law enforcement agencies to monitor citizens ’ e - mails and phone conversations without a warrant. | the USA Patriot Act |
It imposes an excise tax — that is, a tax on a particular good — on gasoline, tobacco, and alcohol. | an excise tax |
The neuron is a small information processor, and dendrites serve as input sites where signals are received from other neurons. | The neuron |
It listed eight specific legislative reforms or initiatives the Republicans would enact if they gained a majority in Congress in the 1994 midterm elections. | It |
The Quartering Act of 1765 addressed the problem of housing British soldiers stationed in the American colonies. | The Quartering Act of 1765 |
Erikson ’s psychosocial development theory emphasizes the social nature of our development rather than its sexual nature. | Erikson ’s psychosocial development theory |
One method is known as predatory pricing, in which a firm uses the threat of sharp price cuts to discourage competition. | predatory pricing |
Podocytes, cells specialized for ultrafiltration of bodily fluids, are present near the center of echinoderms. | Podocytes |
Labeling theory examines the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society. | Labeling theory |
Osteons are cylindrical structures that contain a mineral matrix and living osteocytes connected by canaliculi, which transport blood. | Osteons |
This waxy region, known as the Casparian strip, forces water and solutes to cross the plasma membranes of endodermal cells instead of slipping between the cells. | the Casparian strip |
The Clery Act of 1990, formally the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act, requires public and private colleges and universities that participate in federal student aid programs to disclose information about campus crime. | The Clery Act of 1990 the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act |
Durkheim also believed that social integration, or the strength of ties that people have to their social groups, was a key factor in social life. | social integration |
Succession describes the sequential appearance and disappearance of species in a community over time. | Succession |
The Controlled Substances Act( CSA), passed by Congress in 1970, declares marijuana a dangerous drug and makes its sale a prosecutable act. | The Controlled Substances Act CSA |
The clitoris is a structure with erectile tissue that contains a large number of sensory nerves and serves as a source of stimulation during intercourse. | The clitoris |
In 1971, the Supreme Court heard the Pentagon Papers case, in which the U.S. government sued the New York Times and the Washington Post to stop the release of information from a classified study of the Vietnam War. | the Pentagon Papers case |
Peer GroupsA peer group is made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests. | GroupsA peer group |
The plant hormone abscisic acid( ABA) was first discovered as the agent that causes the abscission or dropping of cotton bolls. | abscisic acid ABA |
link] shows Alphonso ’s budget constraint, that is, the outer boundary of his opportunity set. | budget constraint |
Sternberg( 1986) states that a healthy relationship will have all three components of love — intimacy, passion, and commitment — which is described as consummate love. | consummate love |
Finally, the conclusion section summarizes the importance of the experimental findings. | the conclusion section |
Festinger ’s theory of cognitive dissonance states that when we experience a conflict in our behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to our positive self - perceptions, we experience psychological discomfort( dissonance). | Festinger ’s theory of cognitive dissonance dissonance |
Body language is the expression of emotion in terms of body position or movement. | Body language |
One example of the pressure these firms can exert on one another is the kinked demand curve, in which competing oligopoly firms commit to match price cuts, but not price increases. | the kinked demand curve |
With the uninvolved style of parenting, the parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful. | the uninvolved style of parenting |
A person with restless leg syndrome has uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep. | restless leg syndrome |
This drive was actually an extension of the earlier military conflict between Christians and Muslims for domination of the Holy Land( the Biblical region of Palestine), known as the Crusades. | the Crusades |
Accurate information is sometimes not available because corporate governance, the name economists give to the institutions that are supposed to watch over top executives, fails, as the following Clear It Up feature on Lehman Brothers shows. How did lack of corporate governance lead to the Lehman Brothers failure ? | corporate governance |
Pharyngeal slits are openings in the pharynx( the region just posterior to the mouth) that extend to the outside environment. | Pharyngeal slits the pharynx |
The process by which capital ages and loses value is called depreciation. | depreciation |
Synovial joints are the only joints that have a space between the adjoining bones. | Synovial joints |
The bureau in question is the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau( CFPB), an agency created in 2011 specifically to oversee certain financial industries that had proven themselves to be especially prone to abusive practices, such as sub - prime mortgage lenders and payday lenders. | the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau CFPB |
Lateral meristems facilitate growth in thickness or girth in a maturing plant. | Lateral meristems |
This is antielectron or positron decay( see). | antielectron positron decay |
Accustomed to representative democracy, jury trials, and the defendant ’s right to appear before a judge, the Anglo - American settlers in Texas also disliked the Mexican legal system, which provided for an initial hearing by an alcalde, an administrator who often combined the duties of mayor, judge, and law enforcement officer. | the Mexican legal system |
In 1896, Adolph Ochs purchased the New York Times with the goal of creating a dignified newspaper that would provide readers with important news about the economy, politics, and the world rather than gossip and comics. | the New York Times |
Chemical reactions occur when two or more atoms bond together to form molecules or when bonded atoms are broken apart. | Chemical reactions |
The myocardium consists of the heart muscle cells that make up the middle layer and the bulk of the heart wall. | The myocardium |
Electromagnetism is the use of electric current to make magnets. | Electromagnetism |
We now know that these EM emissions come from electrons transitioning between energy levels in individual atoms and molecules ; thus, they are called atomic spectra. | atomic spectra |
Neutron flux should be carefully regulated to avoid an exponential increase in fissions, a condition called supercriticality. | supercriticality |
Secondary growth is characterized by an increase in thickness or girth of the plant, and is caused by cell division in the lateral meristem. | Secondary growth |
Fiat money has no intrinsic value, but is declared by a government to be the legal tender of a country. | Fiat money |
With anterograde amnesia, you can not remember new information, although you can remember information and events that happened prior to your injury. | anterograde amnesia |
The stomach of birds has two chambers : the proventriculus, where gastric juices are produced to digest the food before it enters the stomach, and the gizzard, where the food is stored, soaked, and mechanically ground. | the proventriculus the gizzard |
Banks are a financial intermediary — that is, an institution that operates between a saver who deposits money in a bank and a borrower who receives a loan from that bank. | financial intermediary |
Microglia scavenge and degrade dead cells and protect the brain from invading microorganisms. | Microglia |
Emotional intelligence encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways( Parker, Saklofske, & Stough, 2009). | Emotional intelligence |
Merkel ’s disks( shown in) are found in the upper layers of skin near the base of the epidermis, both in skin that has hair and on glabrous skin, that is, the hairless skin found on the palms and fingers, the soles of the feet, and the lips of humans and other primates. | Merkel ’s disks glabrous skin |
These photoreceptor cells, known as cones, are light - detecting cells. | cones |
So far, the hydrocarbons we have discussed have been aliphatic hydrocarbons, which consist of linear chains of carbon atoms. | aliphatic hydrocarbons |
The two centrosomes will give rise to the mitotic spindle, the apparatus that orchestrates the movement of chromosomes during mitosis. | the mitotic spindle |
Economists refer to this pattern as the law of diminishing marginal utility, which means that as a person receives more of a good, the additional( or marginal) utility from each additional unit of the good declines. | the law of diminishing marginal utility |
Let ’s begin with a brief overview of the spectacular patterns of economic growth around the world in the last two centuries, commonly referred to as the period of modern economic growth. | modern economic growth |
Impaired insulin function can lead to a condition called diabetes mellitus, the main symptoms of which are illustrated in. | diabetes mellitus |
The marginal revenue curve shows the additional revenue gained from selling one more unit. | The marginal revenue curve |
Hyposecretion of the corticosteroids can cause Addison ’s disease, which may result in bronzing of the skin, hypoglycemia, and low electrolyte levels in the blood. | Addison ’s disease |
Ecologists also study interactions among various species ; members of different species are called heterospecifics. | heterospecifics |
The intertidal sea star, Pisaster ochraceus, of the northwestern United States is a keystone species. | Pisaster ochraceus |
Its fan - shaped leaves — unique among seed plants because they feature a dichotomous venation pattern — turn yellow in autumn and fall from the tree. | a dichotomous venation pattern |
Spinal nerves transmit sensory and motor information between the spinal cord and the rest of the body. | Spinal nerves |
Rock the Vote began in 1990, with the goal of bringing music, art, and pop culture together to encourage the youth to participate in government. | Rock the Vote |
Autoinducers are signaling molecules secreted by bacteria to communicate with other bacteria of the same kind. | Autoinducers |