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[ "1521 to 1898" ]

[ { "id": "10788346", "text": "with the arrival in 1521 of European explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailing for Spain, which heralded the period when the Philippines was an overseas province of Spain, and ends with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in 1898. The Spanish East Indies (\"\") were the Spanish territories in Asia-Pacific from 1565 until 1899. They comprised the Philippine Islands, Guam and the Mariana Islands, the Caroline Islands (Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia), and for some time parts of Formosa (Taiwan) and the Moluccas (Indonesia). Cebu was the first seat of government, later transferred to Manila. From 1565 to 1821 these", "title": "Spanish Filipino" }, { "id": "315699", "text": "Legazpi's expedition on February 13, 1565 from Mexico. He established the first permanent settlement in Cebu. Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified political structure known as the Philippines. Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity, the code of law and the oldest modern university in Asia. The Philippines was ruled under the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain. After which, the colony was directly governed by Spain. Spanish rule ended in 1898 with Spain's defeat in the Spanish–American War. The Philippines then became a territory of the United States. U.S forces suppressed a Philippine", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "6686966", "text": "Filipino people of Spanish ancestry Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the 16th century, during the Spanish colonial period of the islands. The conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi founded the first Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565 and later established Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies in 1571. The Philippine Islands is named after King Philip II of Spain and it became a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain which was governed from Mexico City until the 19th century, when Mexico obtained independence. From 1821, the Philippine Islands were ruled directly from Madrid,", "title": "Filipino people of Spanish ancestry" }, { "id": "13658972", "text": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898) The history of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898, also known as the Spanish colonial period, a period that spans during the Captaincy General of the Philippines located in the collection of Islands in Southeast Asia that was colonized by Spain known as 'Las Islas Filipinas', under New Spain until Mexican independence which gave Madrid direct control over the area. It was also known as Spanish East Indies to the colonialist. It started with the arrival in 1521 of European explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailing for Spain, which heralded the period when the Philippines was a", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "3543673", "text": "Spanish language in the Philippines Spanish was the official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish rule in the late 16th century, through the conclusion of the Spanish–American War in 1898. It remained, along with English, as co-official language until 1987. It was at first removed in 1973 by a constitutional change, but after a few months it was re-designated an official language by presidential decree and remained official until 1987, with the present Constitution re-designating it instead as an \"optional and voluntary language\". Philippine Spanish () is a variant of standard Spanish, spoken in the Philippines by", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "315761", "text": "crown due to poor management and financial losses. In 1781, Governor-General José Basco y Vargas established the Economic Society of the Friends of the Country. The Philippines was administered from the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the independence to Mexico in 1821 necessitated the direct rule from Spain of the Philippines from that year. The Philippines was included in the vast territory of the Kingdom of Spain, in the first constitution of Spain promulgated in Cadiz in 1812. It was never a colony as modern-day historical literature would say, but an overseas region in Asia {Spanish Constitution 1812}. The Spanish", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "13658987", "text": "but his death was not known in the Philippines until middle of 1599, by which time a referendum by which the natives would acknowledge Spanish rule was underway. With the completion of the Philippine referendum of 1599, Spain could be said to have established legitimate sovereignty over the Philippines. The Spanish quickly organized their new colony according to their model. The first task was the reduction, or relocation of native inhabitants into settlements. The earliest political system used during the \"conquista\" period was the \"encomienda\" system, which resembled the feudal system in medieval Europe. The conquistadores, friars and native nobles", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "3603737", "text": "Spanish influence on Filipino culture The Spanish influence on Filipino culture has been profound, having originated from the Spanish East Indies. A variety of aspects of the customs and traditions in the Philippines today can be traced back to this influence. Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the 1500s, during the Spanish colonial period of the islands. The conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi founded the first Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565, and later established Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies in 1571. The Philippine Islands are named after King Philip. Spaniards are referred", "title": "Spanish influence on Filipino culture" }, { "id": "10788348", "text": "to be consulted with the Spanish Crown or the Council of the Indies through the Royal Audience of Manila. However, in 1821, after Mexico became an independent nation, all control was transferred to Madrid. In Asia, the Philippines, a former Spanish overseas province, was the lone sovereign nation representative of the Spanish language. Spanish was the \"lingua franca\" of the country from the beginning of Spanish rule in the late 1500s until the first half of the 20th century. It held official status for nearly half a millennium before being demoted as an optional language in 1987. However, Spanish still", "title": "Spanish Filipino" }, { "id": "1396698", "text": "from 1565 when Spain first established a colony in the country until the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, the Philippines was a Spanish colony (including the years 1762–1764 when the British controlled Manila and the port city of Cavite but not the whole country). Miguel López de Legazpi Miguel López de Legazpi (; c. 1502 – August 20, 1572), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo (The Elder), was a Basque-Spanish navigator and governor who established the first Spanish settlement in the East Indies when his expedition crossed the Pacific Ocean from the Viceroyalty of New Spain", "title": "Miguel López de Legazpi" }, { "id": "3543676", "text": "the Malolos Republic, \"for the time being\", according to the Malolos Constitution of 1899. Spanish was also the official language of the Cantonal Republic of Negros of 1898 and the Republic of Zamboanga of 1899. During the early part of the U.S. administration of the Philippine Islands, Spanish was widely spoken and relatively well maintained throughout the American colonial period. Even so, Spanish was a language that bound leading men in the Philippines like Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho to President Sergio Osmeña and his successor, President Manuel Roxas. As a senator, Manuel L. Quezon (later President), delivered", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "3543679", "text": "as a secondary language. Spanish was first introduced to the Philippines in 1565, when the conquistador, Miguel López de Legazpi, founded the first Spanish settlement on the island of Cebú. The Philippines, ruled first from Mexico City and later from Madrid, was a Spanish territory for 333 years (1565–1898). Schooling was a priority, however. The Augustinians opened a school immediately upon arriving in Cebú in 1565; the Franciscans followed suit when they arrived in 1577, as did the Dominicans when they arrived in 1587. Besides religious instruction, these schools taught how to read and write and imparted industrial and agricultural", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "5620583", "text": "who also intermarried with the local populations. The Philippines were settled by the Spanish. The arrival of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan () in 1521 began a period of European colonization. During the period of Spanish colonialism the Philippines was part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, which was governed and controlled from Mexico City. Early Spanish settlers were mostly explorers, soldiers, government officials and religious missionaries born in Spain and Mexico. Most Spaniards who settled were of Andalusian ancestry but there were also Catalan, Moorish and Basque settlers. The \"Peninsulares\" (governors born in Spain), mostly of Castilian ancestry, settled in", "title": "Filipinos" }, { "id": "13658981", "text": "Castilla\". Legazpi became the country's first governor-general. With time, Cebu's importance fell as power shifted north to Luzon. The archipelago was Spain's outpost in the orient and Manila became the capital of the entire Spanish East Indies. The colony was administered through the Viceroyalty of New Spain (now Mexico) until 1821 when Mexico achieved independence from Spain. After 1821, the colony was governed directly from Spain. During most of the colonial period, the Philippine economy depended on the Galleon Trade which was inaugurated in 1565 between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico. Trade between Spain and the Philippines was via the Pacific", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "3543674", "text": "a minority today, though it was quite widespread up to the early 20th century. The variant is very similar to Mexican Spanish, because the Philippines was ruled from New Spain in present-day Mexico, for over three centuries. During that period, there was much Spanish and Mexican emigration to the Spanish East Indies. It was the language of the Philippine Revolution and the country's first official language, as proclaimed in the Malolos Constitution of the First Philippine Republic in 1899. It was the language of commerce, law, politics and the arts during the colonial period and well into the 20th century.", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "13974720", "text": "returned to Spain in 1522, after which Spain claimed dominion over the Philippine archipelago on the basis of discovery, a valid mode of acquisition at the time. On April 27, 1565, Spanish Conquistadores attacked the defiant Rajah Tupas, who had succeeded Rajah Humabon as king of Cebu. Tupas was defeated and made to sign an agreement after his defeat, effectively placing the Philippines under Spain. On February 8, 1597, King Philip II, near the end of his 42-year reign, issued a Royal Cedula instructing to Francisco de Tello de Guzmán, then Governor-General of the Philippines in severe terms to fulfill", "title": "Sovereignty of the Philippines" }, { "id": "2710566", "text": "to Spain one more time, Spanish Governor-General Francisco Javier de la Torre ascended to the Seat. After the 1821 Mexican War of Independence, Mexico became independent and was no longer part of the Spanish Empire. The Viceroyalty of New Spain ceased to exist. The Philippines, as a result, was directly governed from Madrid, under the Crown. The city of Manila was captured by American expeditionary forces on 13 August 1898. On 14 August 1898 the terms of the Spanish capitulation were signed. From this date, American government in the Philippines begins. General Wesley Merritt, in accordance with the instructions of", "title": "Governor-General of the Philippines" }, { "id": "2048915", "text": "into two equal hemispheres. From then on, maritime expeditions led to the discovery of several archipelagos in the South Pacific as the Pitcairn Islands, the Marquesas, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands or New Guinea, to which Spain laid claim. Most important in Pacific exploration was the claim on the Philippines, which was populous and strategically located for the Spanish settlement of Manila and entrepôt for trade with China. On 27 April 1565, the first permanent Spanish settlement in the Philippines was founded by Miguel López de Legazpi and the service of Manila Galleons was inaugurated. The Manila Galleons shipped goods", "title": "Spanish Empire" }, { "id": "364735", "text": "of the Philippines when it became independent in 1946, alongside English and Filipino, a standardized version of Tagalog. Spanish was removed from official status in 1973 under the administration of Ferdinand Marcos, but regained its status as an official language two months later under Presidential Decree No. 155, dated 15 March 1973. It remained an official language until 1987, with the ratification of the present constitution, in which it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language. In 2010, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo encouraged the reintroduction of Spanish-language teaching in the Philippine education system. But by 2012, the number of", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "3543699", "text": "in the Philippine Islands. The revolutionary Malolos Republic of 1899 designated the Spanish language for official use in its constitution, drawn up during the Constitutional Convention in Malolos, Bulacan. During this period, the nascent republic published a number of laws, acts, decrees, and other official issuances. These were published variously in the Spanish, English, and Tagalog languages, with the Spanish language predominating. Spanish was also designated the official language of the Cantonal Republic of Negros of 1898 and the Republic of Zamboanga of 1899. Many Spanish-speaking Filipino families perished during the Philippine–American War. According to the historian James B. Goodno,", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "6508351", "text": "Spanish East Indies The Spanish East Indies were the colonies of the Spanish Empire in Asia and Oceania from 1565 until 1899. At one time or another, they included the Philippines, Marianas, Carolines, Palaos and Guam, as well as parts of Formosa (Taiwan), Sulawesi (Celebes) and the Moluccas (Maluku). The King of Spain traditionally styled himself \"King of the East and West Indies\". Administratively, the Spanish East Indies was part of the Captaincy General of the Philippines and the Real Audiencia of Manila. Cebu was the first seat of government, later transferred to Manila. From 1565 to 1821 these territories,", "title": "Spanish East Indies" }, { "id": "2049610", "text": "1565. He was the first governor-general of the \"Spanish East Indies\". After obtaining peace with various indigenous tribes, López de Legazpi made the Philippines the capital in 1571. The Spanish settled and took control of Tidore in 1603 to trade spices and counter Dutch encroachment in the archipelago of Maluku. The Spanish presence lasted until 1663, when the settlers and military were moved back to the Philippines. Part of the Ternatean population chose to leave with the Spanish, settling near Manila in what later became the municipality of Ternate. Spanish galleons travelled across the Pacific Ocean between Acapulco in Mexico", "title": "Conquistador" }, { "id": "2048770", "text": "Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire (; ), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy () and as the Catholic Monarchy () was one of the largest empires in history. From the late 15th century to the early 19th, Spain controlled a huge overseas territory in the New World and the Asian archipelago of the Philippines, what they called \"The Indies\" (). It also included territories in Europe, Africa and Oceania. The Spanish Empire has been described as the first global empire in history, a description also given to the Portuguese Empire. It was the world's most powerful empire during the 16th", "title": "Spanish Empire" }, { "id": "5963044", "text": "units were ruled by datus, rajahs or sultans. In 1565, European colonization began in earnest when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico and formed the first European settlements in Cebu. Beginning with just five ships and five hundred men accompanied by Augustinian monks, and further strengthened in 1567 by two hundred soldiers, he was able to repel competing Portuguese colonizers and to create the foundations for the Spanish colonization of the Archipelago. In 1571, the Spanish occupied the kingdoms of Maynila and Tondo and established Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies. This Spanish colonization", "title": "Filipino nationalism" }, { "id": "3543677", "text": "a speech in the 1920s entitled \"Message to My People\" in English and in Spanish. Spanish remained an official language of government until a new constitution ratified on January 17, 1973 designated English and Pilipino, spelled in that draft of the constitution with a \"P\" instead of the more modern \"F\", as official languages. Shortly thereafter, Presidential Proclamation No. 155 dated March 15, 1973 ordered that the Spanish language should continue to be recognized as an official language so long as government documents in that language remained untranslated. A later constitution ratified in 1987 designated Filipino and English as official", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "13659007", "text": "a small river boat to Butuán. However, Dutch aid did not materialize or have objects to provide them.The authorities from Manila issued a general pardon, and many of the Filipinos in the mountains surrendered. However, some of those were hung or they were enslaved. In August 1759, Charles III ascended the Spanish throne. At the time, Great Britain and France were at war, in what was later called the Seven Years' War. France, suffering a series of setbacks, successfully negotiated a treaty with Spain known as the Family Compact which was signed on 15 August 1761. By an ancillary secret", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "13659030", "text": "of Paris (1898) was signed, ending the Spanish–American War and selling the Philippines to the United States for $20 million. With this treaty, Spanish rule in the Philippines formally ended. On January 23, 1899, Aguinaldo established the First Philippine Republic in Malolos. On February 4, 1899, the Philippine–American War began with the Battle of Manila (1899) between Americans forces and the nascent Philippine Republic. History of the Philippines (1521–1898) The history of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898, also known as the Spanish colonial period, a period that spans during the Captaincy General of the Philippines located in the collection", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "315550", "text": "Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago \" in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the first Hispanic settlement in the archipelago was established. The Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Catholicism becoming the dominant religion. During this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. As the 19th century gave way to the 20th, the Philippine Revolution quickly followed, which then spawned the short-lived First", "title": "Philippines" }, { "id": "315753", "text": "Ifugaos of the Cordillera region and the Mangyans of Mindoro). At the lower levels of administration, the Spanish built on traditional village organization by co-opting local leaders. This system of indirect rule helped create an indigenous upper class, called the \"principalía\", who had local wealth, high status, and other privileges. This perpetuated an oligarchic system of local control. Among the most significant changes under Spanish rule was that the indigenous idea of communal use and ownership of land was replaced with the concept of private ownership and the conferring of titles on members of the \"principalía\". Around 1608 William Adams,", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "315759", "text": "and fell to the British on October 4, 1762. Outside of Manila, the Spanish leader Simón de Anda y Salazar organized a militia of 10 000 of mostly from Pampanga to resist British rule. Anda y Salazar established his headquarters first in Bulacan, then in Bacolor. After a number of skirmishes and failed attempts to support uprisings, the British command admitted to the War Secretary in London that the Spanish were \"in full possession of the country\". The occupation of Manila ended in April 1764 as agreed to in the peace negotiations for the Seven Years' War in Europe. The", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "12526811", "text": "the Assembly. It was titled \"Constitución política\", and was written in Spanish following the declaration of independence from Spain, proclaimed on January 20, 1899, and was enacted and ratified by the Malolos Congress, a Congress held in Malolos, Bulacan. The Preamble reads: The Philippines was a United States Territory from December 10, 1898 to March 24, 1934 and therefore under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government of the United States. Two acts of the United States Congress passed during this period can be considered Philippine constitutions in that those acts defined the fundamental political principles and established the structure, procedures,", "title": "Constitution of the Philippines" }, { "id": "12999233", "text": "and invasions. Gold was also regarded with high social value by the Ivatan, having contact with both Taiwan and northern Luzon, later on with the kingdom of Ryukyu, and then Japan. The British visited the archipelago in 1687, but never subjugated the people. The Spanish, after subjugating most of the Philippines, were only able to subjugate the Ivatan on 1783, where they were confronted by Mangpus Kenan Aman Dangat, the Mangpus of Batanes at the time. Dangat was executed by the Spanish, and the islands were controlled by Spain through Manila. The Ilokano people at the northwest side of Luzon,", "title": "History of the Philippines (900–1521)" }, { "id": "2048905", "text": "of the Spanish Succession, with the Austrian Hapsburgs and the British challenging Charles II's choice of a Bourbon prince to succeed him as king. To the end of its imperial rule, Spain called its overseas possessions in the Americas and the Philippines \"The Indies,\" an enduring remnant of Columbus's notion that he had reached Asia by sailing west. When these territories reach a high level of importance, the crown established the Council of the Indies in 1524, following the conquest of the Aztec empire, asserting permanent royal control over its possessions. Regions with dense indigenous populations and sources of mineral", "title": "Spanish Empire" }, { "id": "13662494", "text": "Spain with most of the Pacific Ocean. Although the Philippines was not mentioned in the treaty, Spain implicitly relinquished any claim to it because it was well west of the line. Nevertheless, by 1542, King Charles V had decided to colonise the Philippines, assuming that Portugal would not protest too vigorously because the archipelago had no spices. Although he failed in his attempt, King Philip II succeeded in 1565, establishing the initial Spanish trading post at Manila. As his father had expected, there was little opposition from the Portuguese. Treaty of Zaragoza The Treaty of Zaragoza, or Treaty of Saragossa,", "title": "Treaty of Zaragoza" }, { "id": "13974722", "text": "be said to have established legitimate sovereignty over the Philippines. During Spain's 333 year rule in the Philippines, the colonists had to fight off the Chinese pirates (who lay siege to Manila, the most famous of which was Limahong in 1574), Dutch forces, and Portuguese forces. Moros from western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago constantly raided the coastal Christian areas of Luzon and the Visayas and occasionally brought home loot and fair women. They often sold their captives as slaves. A British conquest of the Spanish Philippines occurred during the Seven Years' War, with British occupation of the capital between", "title": "Sovereignty of the Philippines" }, { "id": "315734", "text": "and gave the name Las Islas Filipinas (after Philip II of Spain) to the islands of Samar and Leyte. The name was then extended to the entire archipelago later on in the Spanish era. European colonization began in earnest when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565 and formed the first European settlements in Cebu. Beginning with just five ships and five hundred men accompanied by Augustinian monks, and further strengthened in 1567 by two hundred soldiers, he was able to repel the Portuguese and create the foundations for the colonization of the Archipelago. In 1571,", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "315698", "text": "what are now called China, India, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The remainder of the settlements were independent barangays allied with one of the larger states. These small states alternated from between being part of or being influenced by larger Asian empires like the Ming Dynasty, Majapahit and Brunei or rebelling and waging war against them. The first recorded visit by Europeans is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. He sighted Samar Island on March 16, 1521 and landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Spanish colonization began with the arrival of Miguel López de", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "10788347", "text": "territories, together with the Spanish West Indies, were administered through the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. The Captaincy General of the Philippines (; ) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire. The Captaincy General encompassed the Spanish East Indies which included the modern country of the Philippines and various Pacific Island possessions, such as the Caroline Islands and Guam. It was founded in 1565 with the first permanent Spanish settlements. For centuries all the political and economic aspects of the Captaincy were administered in Mexico by the Viceroyalty of New Spain, while the administrative issues had", "title": "Spanish Filipino" }, { "id": "13658973", "text": "colony of the Spanish Empire, and ended with the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1898, which marked the beginning of the American colonial era of Philippine history. Although the archipelago may have been visited before by the Portuguese (who conquered Malacca City in 1511 and reached Maluku Islands in 1512), the earliest documented European expedition to the Philippines was that led by Ferdinand Magellan, in the service of the king of Spain. But before they go to Samar and Leyte they went to Cebu but they did not pass,sighted the mountains of Samar at dawn on the 16th March", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "13658979", "text": "delayed until 1559 because of European politics and wars in northern Europe. Shortly after his return to Spain, Philip ordered an expedition mounted to the Spice Islands, stating that its purpose was \"to discover the islands to the west\". In reality its task was to conquer the Philippines for Spain. On November 19 or 20, 1564 a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by Miguel López de Legazpi departed Barra de Navidad, New Spain, arriving off Cebu on February 13, 1565, conquering it despite Cebuano opposition. In 1569, Legazpi transferred to Panay and founded a second settlement on", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "315755", "text": "The Spanish military fought off various indigenous revolts and several external colonial challenges, especially from the British, Chinese pirates, Dutch, and Portuguese. Roman Catholic missionaries converted most of the lowland inhabitants to Christianity and founded schools, universities, and hospitals. In 1863 a Spanish decree introduced education, establishing public schooling in Spanish. In 1646, a series of five naval actions known as the Battles of La Naval de Manila was fought between the forces of Spain and the Dutch Republic, as part of the Eighty Years' War. Although the Spanish forces consisted of just two Manila galleons and a galley with", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "13658978", "text": "and Legazpi (1564). The Legazpi expedition was the most successful as it resulted in the discovery of the \"tornaviaje\" or return trip to Mexico across the Pacific by Andrés de Urdaneta. This discovery started the Manila galleon trade, which lasted two and a half centuries. In 1543, Ruy López de Villalobos named the islands of Leyte and Samar \"Las Islas Filipinas\" after Philip II of Spain. Philip II became King of Spain on January 16, 1556, when his father, Charles I of Spain, abdicated the Spanish throne. Philip was in Brussels at the time and his return to Spain was", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "6979250", "text": "circumnavigation of the globe, recorded all details of the voyage. Miguel López de Legazpi, arrived in Umatac in 1565 and claimed the island of Guam for Spain, before proceeding to the Philippines, where in a short period of time they successfully incorporated to Spain's Empire Cebu, Samar, Mazaua, Leyte, and Bohol, before conquering Manila. Later (in 1569), Miguel López de Legazpi transferred the Spanish headquarters from Cebu to Panay, where they found allies, who were never conquered by Spain but were accomplished as vassals by means of pacts, peace treaties, and reciprocal alliances. On 5 June 1569, Guido de Lavezaris,", "title": "Captaincy General of the Philippines" }, { "id": "315549", "text": "the world. Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, comprising one of the world's largest diasporas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian and Arab nations occurred. Then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of datus, rajahs, sultans or lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer leading a fleet for the Spanish, in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization. In 1543, Spanish explorer", "title": "Philippines" }, { "id": "315935", "text": "islands. On 10 March 1785, King Charles III of Spain confirmed the establishment of the Royal Philippine Company with a 25-year charter. The Basque-based company was granted a monopoly on the importation of Chinese and Indian goods into the Philippines, as well as the shipping of the goods directly to Spain via the Cape of Good Hope. After Spain lost Mexico as a territory, New Spain was dissolved making the Philippines and other Pacific islands to form the Spanish East Indies. This resulted in the Philippines being governed directly by the King of Spain and the Captaincy General of the", "title": "Economy of the Philippines" }, { "id": "3603753", "text": "had risen toward the closing of the century. 1998 marked the centennial celebration of Philippine independence, and opened a new opportunity for both Hispanic and Filipino businesses to reconnect their historic ties as trade partners. Spanish influence on Filipino culture The Spanish influence on Filipino culture has been profound, having originated from the Spanish East Indies. A variety of aspects of the customs and traditions in the Philippines today can be traced back to this influence. Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the 1500s, during the Spanish colonial period of the islands. The conquistador Miguel López de", "title": "Spanish influence on Filipino culture" }, { "id": "1549938", "text": "Manila Manila (; , or ), officially the City of Manila ( ), is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the most densely populated city proper in the world. It was the first chartered city by virtue of the Philippine Commission Act 183 on July 31, 1901 and gained autonomy with the passage of Republic Act No. 409 or the \"Revised Charter of the City of Manila\" on June 18, 1949. The Spanish city of Manila was founded on June 24, 1571, by Spanish \"conquistador\" Miguel López de Legazpi. The date is regarded as the city's official", "title": "Manila" }, { "id": "315582", "text": "of a threatened invasion by the Japan-born Ming-dynasty loyalist, Koxinga, ruler of the Kingdom of Tungning. However, the planned invasion was aborted. Meanwhile, settlers were sent to the Pacific islands of Palau and the Marianas. Spanish rule eventually contributed significantly to bringing political unity to the fragmented states of the archipelago. From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was governed as a territory of the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain and then was administered directly from Madrid after the Mexican War of Independence. The Manila galleons, the largest wooden ships ever built, were constructed in Bicol and Cavite. The Manila galleons", "title": "Philippines" }, { "id": "6686986", "text": "Negritos who lived within the colony paid the same tax rate as the indios. The Spanish colonial caste system based on race was abolished after the Philippines' independence from Spain in 1898, and the word 'Filipino' expanded to include the entire population of the Philippines regardless of racial ancestry. Filipino people of Spanish ancestry Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the 16th century, during the Spanish colonial period of the islands. The conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi founded the first Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565 and later established Manila as the capital of the Spanish East", "title": "Filipino people of Spanish ancestry" }, { "id": "6508357", "text": "including New Guinea (Yñigo Ortiz de Retez in 1545), the Solomon Islands (Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa in 1568), and the Marquesas Islands (Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira in 1595), but they made no effort to trade with or colonize them. In 1668, Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores established the first mission on Guam, where he and Saint Pedro Calungsod were later martyred. In 1762 British troops briefly captured the city of Manila during the Seven Years' War. However, they were unable to establish control over areas outside Manila—through the efforts of the Spanish lieutenant governor, Simón de Anda y", "title": "Spanish East Indies" }, { "id": "3543687", "text": "population and understood by just everyone, especially after the passing of the Education Decree of 1863. By the end of the 19th century, Spanish was a strong second language among the upper classes of Philippine society, having been learned in childhood either directly from parents and grandparents or through tutoring by a local priest. By the time Spanish rule came to an end, Spanish was spoken as a second language by more than 60% of the population. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the oldest educational institutions in the country were set up by Spanish religious orders. These schools and", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "5620613", "text": "In 1863 a Spanish decree introduced universal education, creating free public schooling in Spanish, yet it was never implemented, even before the advent of American annexation. It was also the language of the Philippine Revolution, and the 1899 Malolos Constitution proclaimed it as the \"official language\" of the First Philippine Republic, albeit a temporary official language. Spanish continued to be the predominant lingua franca used in the islands by the elite class before and during the American colonial regime. Following the American occupation of the Philippines and the imposition of English, the overall use of Spanish declined gradually, especially after", "title": "Filipinos" }, { "id": "2048862", "text": "Spanish America were administered through separate councils in Spain. Spain dealt with English encroachment on Spain's maritime control in The Indies, particularly by Sir Francis Drake. Although the 1588 Spanish Armada was destroyed off the coast of the British Isles, the Spanish defeated the fleet of Drake and John Hawkins in 1595 in San Juan, Puerto Rico and Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). Spain regained control in the Isthmus of Panama by relocating the main port there from Nombre de Dios to Portobelo. With the conquest and settlement of the Philippines, the Spanish Empire reached its greatest extent. In 1564, Miguel", "title": "Spanish Empire" }, { "id": "2048864", "text": "the \"Spice Islands\" to Portugal in the Treaty of Saragossa in 1529, but the appellation was vague as was their exact delineation. The Legazpi expedition was ordered by King Philip II, after whom the Philippines had earlier been named by Ruy López de Villalobos, when Philip was heir to the throne. The king stated that \"the main purpose of this expediiton is to establish the return route from the western isles, since it is already known that the route to them is fairly short.\" The viceroy died in July 1564, but the Audiencia and López de Legazpi completed the preparations", "title": "Spanish Empire" }, { "id": "315773", "text": "the Filipinos. On January 23, 1899, the First Philippine Republic was proclaimed under Asia's first democratic constitution, with Aguinaldo as its President. Spain and the United States had sent commissioners to Paris to draw up the terms of the Treaty of Paris to end the Spanish–American War. The Filipino representative, Felipe Agoncillo, had been excluded from sessions as Aguinaldo's government was not recognized by the family of nations. Although there was substantial domestic opposition, the United States decided to annex the Philippines. In addition to Guam and Puerto Rico, Spain was forced in the negotiations cede the Philippines to the", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "13659010", "text": "for the Philippines. Instead they fell under the general provision that all other lands not otherwise provided for be returned to the Spanish Crown. Spanish rule of the Philippines was constantly threatened by indigenous rebellions and invasions from the Dutch, Chinese, Japanese and British. The previously dominant groups resisted Spanish rule, refusing to pay Spanish taxes and rejecting Spanish excesses. All were defeated by the Spanish and their Filipino allies by 1597. In many areas, the Spanish left indigenous groups to administer their own affairs but under Spanish overlordship. The Resistance against Spain did not immediately cease upon the conquest", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "315754", "text": "an English navigator contacted the interim governor of the Philippines, Rodrigo de Vivero y Velasco on behalf of Tokugawa Ieyasu, who wished to establish direct trade contacts with New Spain. Friendly letters were exchanged, officially starting relations between Japan and New Spain. From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was governed as a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from Mexico, via the \"Royal Audiencia\" of Manila, and administered directly from Spain from 1821 after the Mexican revolution, until 1898. The Manila galleons which linked Manila to Acapulco traveled once or twice a year between the 16th and 19th centuries.", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "5620610", "text": "(ISEA). Many adopted words from Sanskrit were incorporated during the strong wave of Indian (Hindu-Buddhist) cultural influence starting from the 5th century BC, in common with its Southeast Asian neighbours. Starting in the second half of the 16th century, Spanish was the official language of the country for the more than three centuries that the islands were governed through Mexico City on behalf of the Spanish Empire. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Spanish was the preferred language among \"Ilustrados\" and educated Filipinos in general. Significant agreements exist, however, on the extent Spanish use beyond that. It has been", "title": "Filipinos" }, { "id": "315578", "text": "and Christianized. Journalist Alan Robles has opined, \"Colonialism created the Philippines, shaped its political culture and continues to influence its mindset. The 333 years under Spain and nearly five decades under the USA decisively moulded the nation\". Anthropologist Prospero Covar has observed, \"Our thinking, culture, and psychology became virtually westernized, when we were, in fact, Asians.\" In 1521, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan's expedition arrived in the Philippines, claimed the islands for Spain and was then killed at the Battle of Mactan. Colonization began when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565 and formed the first Hispanic", "title": "Philippines" }, { "id": "16808005", "text": "at least the 19th Century during the Spanish colonial government. The nucleus of the institution began as the Division of Archives, set up under the Spanish colonial government. Before that time, the vast majority of the colonial records were scattered among the islands and held in mostly religious centers of the Catholic Church. However, in 1898, Spain ceded control of the Philippines to the United States of America through the Treaty of Paris. Article VIII of the treaty authorized Philippine records in the islands and in Spain to be under the new stewardship of the American government. As a result,", "title": "National Archives of the Philippines" }, { "id": "315741", "text": "old aristocracy. Its failure resulted in the hanging of Agustín de Legaspi and the execution of Magat Salamat (the crown-prince of Tondo). Thereafter, some of the conspirators were exiled to Guam or Guerrero, Mexico. Spanish power was further consolidated after Miguel López de Legazpi's complete assimilation of Madja-as, his subjugation of Rajah Tupas, the Rajah of Cebu and Juan de Salcedo's conquest of the provinces of Zambales, La Union, Ilocos, the coast of Cagayan, and the ransacking of the Chinese warlord Limahong's pirate kingdom in Pangasinan. The Spanish also invaded Northern Taiwan and Ternate in Indonesia, using Filipino warriors, before", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "13974728", "text": "(this proclamation did not address the de jure status of the Spanish colonial government, which continued to exist under the Spanish national government then embroiled in the Spanish–American War). On June 23, Aguinaldo issued a decree replacing the Dictatorial Government with a Revolutionary Government. On July 24, 1898, the Spanish Peninsular Government had replaced Governor-General Basilio Augustín with Fermín Jáudens (acting). On August 13, 1898, Jáudens was replaced by Francisco Rizzo (acting), who was replaced in September 1898 by Diego de los Ríos (acting). On August 13, with American commanders unaware that a peace protocol had been signed in Washington,", "title": "Sovereignty of the Philippines" }, { "id": "3543675", "text": "It was the main language of many classical writers and Ilustrados such as Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Antonio Luna and Marcelo del Pilar. It is regulated by the Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española, the main Spanish-language regulating body in the Philippines, and a member of the Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española, the entity which regulates the Spanish language worldwide. Spanish was the language of government, education and trade throughout the three centuries of Spanish rule and continued to serve as a lingua franca until the first half of the 20th century. Spanish was the official language of", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "8184979", "text": "History of the Philippines (1898–1946) The history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946 covers the period of American rule in the Philippines and began with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, when the Philippines was still part of the Spanish East Indies, and concluded when the United States formally recognised the independence of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. The interim U.S. military government of the Philippine Islands experienced a period of great", "title": "History of the Philippines (1898–1946)" }, { "id": "6508360", "text": "exception of a short period at the end of the 18th century). In 1821 the New Spanish Viceroyalty collapsed following the Mexican War of Independence, which resulted in the First Mexican Empire. All control of the Spanish East Indies government was then transferred to Madrid, until the United States annexed most Spanish territories in the Asia-Pacific region after the Spanish–American War of 1898. In 1574 the Captaincy General of the Philippines was created as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Real Audiencia of Manila was created on and established in 1584 as the highest tribunal of the", "title": "Spanish East Indies" }, { "id": "4654975", "text": "official languages. The Philippine constitution designates Filipino as the national language and – along with English – as official languages. Spanish was the national and official language of the country for more than three centuries under Spanish colonial rule, and became the lingua franca of the Philippines in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It remained, along with English, as a de facto official language until removed in 1973 by a constitutional change. After a few months it was re-designated an official language by presidential decree and remained official until 1987, when the present Constitution removed its official status. Spanish", "title": "Official multilingualism" }, { "id": "6979256", "text": "administrative units: Spanish rule in the Philippines ceased in 1898 after the war with the United States, which annexed most territories, although the administrative jurisdictions remained intact. Most of the remaining territories in the Pacific Ocean were sold to Germany during the German-Spanish Treaty of 1899. Captaincy General of the Philippines The Captaincy General of the Philippines ( ; ) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a Governor-General. The Captaincy General encompassed the Spanish East Indies, which included among others the Philippine Islands and the Caroline Islands. It was founded in 1565 with", "title": "Captaincy General of the Philippines" }, { "id": "21014829", "text": "The Philippines is an archipelago located southeast of China and north of Indonesia. In the late 13th century, Arab traders introduced Islam the Philippines and the religion spread throughout the country between the 14th and 15th centuries. In 1521, Spanish colonizers led by Ferdinand Magellan “discovered” the Philippines while trying to circumvent the world and named it after King Philip II. However, it was not formally colonized until forty-four years later when Miguel Lopez de Legaspi began settling in Cebu. Spain sent missionaries, including the Jesuits, to spread Catholicism and used the country as a strategic refueling stop for trading", "title": "When the Elephants Dance" }, { "id": "17733543", "text": "allowed to adopt. The Spanish Civil Code and its provisions on adoption continued to take effect in the Philippines up until the end of the American Occupation on June 4, 1946. On August 30, 1950 the Civil Code of the Philippines was enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives under Republic Act No. 386. Articles 334 through 347, which can be seen in the first Book of the Civil Code which is concerned with the Person and Family Relations, contain the provisions with regard to adoption. Some provisions from the Spanish Civil Code were carried over to this such", "title": "Adoption in the Philippines" }, { "id": "3543715", "text": "it might be now close to disappearing. Spanish was the language of government, education and trade throughout the three centuries (333 years) of the Philippines being part of the Spanish Empire and continued to serve as a lingua franca until the first half of the 20th century. In the last decades its use has declined. New developments in the Philippines are slowly reversing this trend. In December 2007, former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed a directive in Spain that require the teaching and learning of the Spanish language in the Philippine school system starting in 2008. The presidential decision had immediate", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "13658977", "text": "and most of the crew died. Survivors of the \"Trinidad\" returned to the Spice Islands, where the Portuguese imprisoned them. The \"Victoria\" continued sailing westward, commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano, and managed to return to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain in 1522. In 1529, Charles I of Spain relinquished all claims to the Spice Islands to Portugal in the treaty of Zaragoza. However, the treaty did not stop the colonization of the Philippine archipelago from New Spain. After Magellan's voyage, subsequent expeditions were dispatched to the islands. Five expeditions were sent: that of Loaisa (1525), Cabot (1526), Saavedra (1527), Villalobos (1542),", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "2049025", "text": "Cuba. Military defeat was followed by the independence of Cuba and the cession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States, receiving US$20 million in compensation for the Philippines . On 2 June 1899, the second expeditionary battalion \"Cazadores\" of Philippines the last Spanish garrison in the Philippines, which had been besieged in Baler, Aurora at war end, was pulled out, effectively ending around 300 years of Spanish hegemony in the archipelago. By the end of the 17th century, only Melilla, Alhucemas, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (which had been taken again in 1564), Ceuta (part", "title": "Spanish Empire" }, { "id": "2048865", "text": "for the expedition. On embarking on the expedition, Spain lacked maps or information to guide the king's decision to authorize the expedition. That realization subsequently led to the creation of reports from the various regions of the empire, the relaciones geográficas. The Philippines came under the jurisdiction of the viceroyalty of Mexico, and once the Manila Galleon sailings between Manila and Acapulco were established, Mexico became the Philippines' link to the larger Spanish Empire. Spanish colonization began in earnest when López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565 and formed the first settlements in Cebu. Beginning with just five ships", "title": "Spanish Empire" }, { "id": "4174923", "text": "recognized Philippine independence. The Spanish rule of the Philippines officially ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1898, which also ended the Spanish–American War. In the treaty, Spain ceded control of the Philippines and other territories to the United States. There was an uneasy peace around Manila, with the American forces controlling the city and the weaker Philippines forces surrounding them. On February 4, 1899, in the Battle of Manila, fighting broke out between the Filipino and American forces, beginning the Philippine–American War. Aguinaldo immediately ordered \"[t]hat peace and friendly relations with the Americans be broken and that the latter", "title": "Philippine Revolution" }, { "id": "3603741", "text": "Arroyo, the fourteenth President of the Philippines and a hispanophone, reintroduced the study of Spanish into the state school system. There are currently around 3 million Spanish speakers residing in the country, of whom a minority still speak the language in public. The name of the Philippines comes from the king of Spain Philip II. It was given by the Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos who named the islands of Samar and Leyte \"Las Islas Felipinas\" (The Philippine Islands), during his expedition in 1543. Throughout the colonial period, the name Felipinas (Philippines) was used, and became the official name", "title": "Spanish influence on Filipino culture" }, { "id": "13658984", "text": "Latin-Americans eventually caused the formation of a new language, Chavacano, a creole of Mexican Spanish.They depended on the Galleon Trade for a living. In the later years of the 18th century, Governor-General Basco introduced economic reforms that gave the colony its first significant internal source income from the production of tobacco and other agricultural exports. In this later period, agriculture was finally opened to the European population, which before was reserved only for the natives. During Spain’s 333 year rule in the Philippines, the colonists had to fight off the Chinese pirates (who lay siege to Manila, the most famous", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "315735", "text": "the Spanish, their Latin-American recruits and their Filipino (Visayan) allies, commanded by able conquistadors such as Mexico-born Juan de Salcedo, attacked and occupied the kingdom of Tondo as well as Maynila, a vassal-state of the Brunei Sultanate, establishing Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies. Legazpi built a fort in Maynila and made overtures of friendship to Lakan Dula, Lakan of Tondo, who accepted. However, Maynila's former ruler, the Muslim rajah, Rajah Sulayman, who was a vassal to the Sultan of Brunei, refused to submit to Legazpi, but failed to get the support of Lakan Dula or of", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "1549950", "text": "their Latin American recruits and Visayan allies. The victorious Spaniards made Manila, the capital of the Spanish East Indies and of the Philippines, which their empire would control for the next three centuries. In 1574, Manila was temporarily besieged by the Chinese pirate Lim Hong, who was ultimately thwarted by the local inhabitants. Upon Spanish settlement, Manila was immediately made, by papal decree, a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mexico. Then, by royal decree of Philip II of Spain, the city of Manila was put under the spiritual patronage of Saint Pudentiana and Our Lady of Guidance. Manila became famous", "title": "Manila" }, { "id": "3543684", "text": "Spanish language and in other subjects. Between 1600 and 1865, a number of colleges and universities were established, which graduated many important colonial officials and church prelates, bishops, and archbishops—several of whom served the churches in Hispanic America. The increased level of education eventually led to the rise of the Ilustrados. In 1846, French traveler Jean Baptiste Mallat was surprised at how advanced Philippine schools were. In 1865, the government inaugurated the Escuela Normal (\"Normal School\", later Philippine Normal University), an institute to train future primary school teachers. At the same time, primary schooling was made compulsory for all children.", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "1550044", "text": "Register. Manila Manila (; , or ), officially the City of Manila ( ), is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the most densely populated city proper in the world. It was the first chartered city by virtue of the Philippine Commission Act 183 on July 31, 1901 and gained autonomy with the passage of Republic Act No. 409 or the \"Revised Charter of the City of Manila\" on June 18, 1949. The Spanish city of Manila was founded on June 24, 1571, by Spanish \"conquistador\" Miguel López de Legazpi. The date is regarded as the city's", "title": "Manila" }, { "id": "12999221", "text": "Islas Filipinas, the geographical locations of which the modern day country of the Philippines based its territories today. Other sources of pre-colonial history include archeological findings, records from contact with the Song Dynasty, the Bruneian Empire, Japan, and Muslim traders, genealogical records of Muslim rulers, and the collected accounts which were put into writing by Spanish chroniclers in the 17th century, as well as then-extant cultural patterns which had not yet been swept away by the coming tide of hispanization. The period prior to Spanish colonization made the Philippines a part of both the Indosphere and Sinosphere. Iron age finds", "title": "History of the Philippines (900–1521)" }, { "id": "6508354", "text": "chief consort, and his subjects. Seeking to develop trade between the East Indies and the Americas across the Pacific Ocean, Antonio de Mendoza encouraged the exploration of these Asian territories and commissioned the expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos to the Philippines in 1542–1543. Miguel López de Legazpi set out from Mexico, and established the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines in 1565, which became the town of San Miguel in present-day Cebu. That same year, another member of the expedition, Andrés de Urdaneta discovered a maritime route from the Philippines to Mexico, across the Pacific, leading to the important", "title": "Spanish East Indies" }, { "id": "364733", "text": "beginning of Spanish administration in 1565 to a constitutional change in 1973. During Spanish colonization (1565–1898), it was the language of government, trade and education, and spoken as a first language by Spaniards and educated Filipinos. In the mid-nineteenth century, the colonial government set up a free public education system with Spanish as the medium of instruction. This increased use of Spanish throughout the islands led to the formation of a class of Spanish-speaking intellectuals called the \"Ilustrados\". By the time of Philippine independence in 1898, around 70% of the population had knowledge of Spanish, with 10% speaking it as", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "3055393", "text": "had dwindled to just 2,500. A 2012 survey estimates that while around 1 million people can speak Spanish with varying degrees of competency, only around 439,000 people can speak the language at a native level. Spanish briefly lost its status as an official language upon promulgation of the 1973 constitution but regained official status two months later when President Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 155. In the 1987 constitution, Spanish is designated as an \"optional and voluntary language\" but does not mention it as an \"official language\". Spanish was dropped as a college requirement during Corazón Aquino's administration. Former president", "title": "Languages of the Philippines" }, { "id": "13659024", "text": "the town of San Juan del Monte. He regrouped his forces and was able to briefly capture the towns of Marikina, San Mateo and Montalban. Spanish counterattacks drove him back and he retreated to the mountains of Balara and Morong and from there engaged in guerrilla warfare. By August 30, the revolt had spread to eight provinces. On that date, Governor-General Ramon Blanco declared a state of war in these provinces and placed them under martial law. These were Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, and Nueva Ecija. They would later be represented in the eight rays of the", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "13658974", "text": "1521, making landfall the following day at the small, uninhabited island of Homonhon at the mouth of the Leyte Gulf. On Easter Sunday, 31 March 1521, at Mazaua (today believed to be Limasawa island in Southern Leyte) as is stated in Antonio Pigafetta's Primo Viaggio Intorno El Mondo (First Voyage Around the World), Magellan solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed for the king of Spain possession of the islands he had seen, naming them \"Archipelago of Saint Lazarus\". Magellan conquered and sought alliances among the natives beginning with Datu Zula, the", "title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)" }, { "id": "315733", "text": "reached Maluku Islands in 1512 ). Magellan landed on the island called Homonhon, claiming the islands he saw for Spain, and naming them Islas de San Lázaro. He established friendly relations with some of the local leaders especially with Rajah Humabon and converted some of them to Roman Catholicism. In the Philippines, they explored many islands including the island of Mactan. However, Magellan was killed during the Battle of Mactan against the local datu, Lapu-Lapu. Over the next several decades, other Spanish expeditions were dispatched to the islands. In 1543, Ruy López de Villalobos led an expedition to the islands", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "20905128", "text": "explore the Pacific. The Spanish traveled westward with Vasco Núñez de Balboa first seeing the Pacific Ocean from Panama, then the Pacific was crossed by Ferdinand Magellan, who reached the Philippines. The Chumash's first contact with Europeans occurred on 10 October 1542, when Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo's expedition sailed into the area. Their next contact with Europeans would be 45 years later. Beginning in the mid-16th century, led by Miguel López de Legazpi, Spain conducted its campaign to conquer the Philippines, concluding with Spanish forces repelling Chinese ambitions to control Manila. As a consequence of the conquest of the Philippines, in", "title": "Landing of the first Filipinos" }, { "id": "456144", "text": "of Augsburg) |Grand Alliance]] committed England and the Dutch Republic to back Leopold. In 1700, the [[Spanish Empire]] included possessions in [[Italy]], the [[Spanish Netherlands]], the [[History of the Philippines (1521–1898)|Philippines]] and the [[Americas]] and though no longer the dominant [[great power]], it remained largely intact. Since acquisition of the Empire by either the Austrian [[House of Habsburg|Habsburgs]] or French [[House of Bourbon|Bourbons]] would change the balance of power in Europe, its inheritance led to a war that involved most of the European powers. The 1700-1721 [[Great Northern War]] is considered a connected conflict, since it impacted the involvement of", "title": "War of the Spanish Succession" }, { "id": "3543704", "text": "in the country. Until the Second World War, Spanish was the language of Manila. After the war, the English-speaking U.S. having won three wars [in 1898, against Spain (Spanish–American War); in 1913 (from Philippine–American War to Moro Rebellion) against the Filipino independence; in 1945 against Japan (Philippines Campaign)], the English language was imposed. The Spanish language flourished in the first two decades of the 20th century due to the partial freedom of the press and as an act of defiance against the new rulers. Spanish declined due to the imposition of English as the official language and medium of instruction", "title": "Spanish language in the Philippines" }, { "id": "9086064", "text": "heavily armed Spaniards quickly defeating and crushing the native settlements to the ground. Legazpi and his men followed the next year and made a peace pact with the three rajahs and organized a city council consisting of two mayors, 12 councilors, and a secretary. A walled city known as \"Intramuros\", at the southern banks of Pasig River was built to protect the Spanish colonizers. On June 10, 1574, King Philip II of Spain gave Manila the title of \"Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad\" (\"Distinguished and Ever Loyal City\"). In 1595, Manila was proclaimed as the capital of the Philippine Islands", "title": "Capital of the Philippines" }, { "id": "315747", "text": "and Camarines Catanduanes islands 86,640 people with fifteen missionaries. Based on the tribute counts, the total founding population of Spanish-Philippines was 667,612 people, of which: 20,000 were Chinese migrant traders, 16,500 were Latino soldier-colonists sent from Peru and Mexico, 3,000 were Japanese residents, and 600 were pure Spaniards from Europe, there was also a large but unknown number of Indian Filipinos, the rest were Malays and Negritos. They were under the care of 140 missionaries, of which 79 were Augustinians, nine Dominicans and 42 Franciscans.The fragmented and sparsely populated nature of the islands made it easy for Spanish colonization. The", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "4174935", "text": "was reissued by Lardizábal in 1840. A royal decree issued in 1844 prohibited foreigners from traveling to the provinces under any pretext whatsoever, and in 1857, several anti-foreigner laws were renewed. With the wide acceptance of laissez-faire doctrines in the later part of the 18th century, Spain relaxed its mercantilist policies. The British occupation of Manila in 1762–1764 made Spain realize the impossibility of isolating the colony from world intercourse and commerce. In 1789, foreign vessels were given permission to transport Asian goods to the port of Manila. Even before the 1780s, many foreign ships, including Yankee clippers, had visited", "title": "Philippine Revolution" }, { "id": "19807576", "text": "and soon superseded Portugal as the main European powers in the region. In 1599, Spain began to colonise the Philippines. In 1619, acting through the Dutch East India Company, the Dutch took the city of Sunda Kelapa, renamed it Batavia (now Jakarta) as a base for trading and expansion into the other parts of Java and the surrounding territory. In 1641, the Dutch took Malacca from the Portuguese. Economic opportunities attracted Overseas Chinese to the region in great numbers. In 1775, the Lanfang Republic, possibly the first republic in the region, was established in West Kalimantan, present-day Indonesia, as a", "title": "European colonisation of Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "184133", "text": "the bay of Manila on the island of Luzon in 1571. In Manila, they established a new town and thus began an era of Spanish colonization that lasted for more than three centuries. The Philippines were conquered by the United States in 1898, occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945 and given independence in 1946. In the History of Samoa, contact with Europeans began in the early 18th century but did not intensify until the arrival of the English. In 1722, Dutchman Jacob Roggeveen was the first European to sight the islands. Missionaries and traders arrived in the 1830s. Halfway", "title": "History of the Pacific Islands" }, { "id": "315757", "text": "Manila-Acapulco galleon trade (1565 to 1815). There was no direct trade with Spain until 1766. The Philippines was never profitable as a colony during Spanish rule, and the long war against the Dutch in the 17th century together with the intermittent conflict with the Muslims in the South and combating Japanese Wokou piracy from the North nearly bankrupted the colonial treasury. The Royal Fiscal of Manila wrote a letter to King Charles III of Spain, in which he advises to abandon the colony. The Philippines survived on an annual subsidy paid by the Spanish Crown and often procured from taxes", "title": "History of the Philippines" }, { "id": "2048861", "text": "Patronazgo\", ordering friars to give up their Indian parishes and turn them over to the diocesan clergy, who were more closely controlled by the crown. The crown expanded its global claims and defended existing ones in the Indies. Transpacific explorations had resulted in Spain claiming the Philippines and the establishment of Spanish settlements and trade with Mexico. The viceroyalty of Mexico was given jurisdiction over the Philippines, which became the entrepôt for Asian trade. Philip's succession to the crown of Portugal in 1580 complicated the situation on the ground in The Indies between Spanish and Portuguese settlers, although Brazil and", "title": "Spanish Empire" }, { "id": "13974721", "text": "the laws of tributes and to provide for restitution of ill-gotten taxes imposed on the natives. The Cedula also decreed an undertaking by which the natives (referred to as \"Indians\"), \"... freely render to me submission.\" The decree was published in Manila on August 5, 1598. King Philip died on 13 September, just forty days after the publication of the decree, but his death was not known in the Philippines until middle of 1599, by which time a referendum by which the natives would acknowledge Spanish rule was underway. With the completion of the Philippine referendum of 1599, Spain could", "title": "Sovereignty of the Philippines" }, { "id": "13292489", "text": "entire force (consisting of 280 Spaniards and 600 native allies). Seeing them approach, the natives set the city on fire and fled to ancient Tondo and neighboring towns. The Spaniards occupied the ruins of Maynilad and established a settlement there. On May 19, 1571, López de Legazpi gave the title \"city\" to the colony of Manila. The title was certified on June 19, 1572. Under Spain, Manila became the colonial entrepot in the Far East. The Philippines was a Spanish colony administered under the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Governor-General of the Philippines who ruled from Manila was sub-ordinate", "title": "History of Manila" }, { "id": "14723709", "text": "Spain only in 1857. This did not exist in any other colony of any European power in Asia. The concept of mass education was relatively new, an offshoot of the 18th century Age of Enlightenment. France was the first country in the world to create a system of mass, public education in 1833. Free access to modern public education by all Filipinos was made possible through the enactment of the Education Decree of December 20, 1863 by Queen Isabella II. Primary instruction was made free and the teaching of Spanish was compulsory. This was ten years before Japan had a", "title": "Education in the Philippines during Spanish rule" } ]

[ "Laura Fraser" ]

[ { "id": "750865", "text": "A Knight's Tale A Knight's Tale is a 2001 American medieval adventure-comedy film written, produced, and directed by Brian Helgeland. The film stars Heath Ledger, Shannyn Sossamon, Mark Addy, Alan Tudyk, Rufus Sewell, Laura Fraser, Paul Bettany as Geoffrey Chaucer, and James Purefoy as Sir Thomas Colville/Edward the Black Prince. The story is told in an anachronistic style with many modern references. It follows a peasant named William who poses as a knight and competes in tournaments, winning accolades and acquiring friendships with such historical figures as Edward the Black Prince and Geoffrey Chaucer. The film takes its title from", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "750880", "text": "Press\", a small Connecticut weekly. Despite the mixed critical reception, the film won four cinematic awards: The film earned $56,569,702 at the North American domestic box office, and an additional $60,917,771 internationally for a worldwide total of $117,487,473. A Knight's Tale A Knight's Tale is a 2001 American medieval adventure-comedy film written, produced, and directed by Brian Helgeland. The film stars Heath Ledger, Shannyn Sossamon, Mark Addy, Alan Tudyk, Rufus Sewell, Laura Fraser, Paul Bettany as Geoffrey Chaucer, and James Purefoy as Sir Thomas Colville/Edward the Black Prince. The story is told in an anachronistic style with many modern references.", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "750877", "text": "and Summoner.) The scene in which the lady Jocelyn asks William to lose a joust to prove his love and then reverses her proposal for him to suddenly win, is also a direct reference to the classic tale of Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, in which Queen Guinevere asks Lancelot to do the same during a tournament. The script is notable for its use of epigrams. The film, which notionally took place during the Middle Ages, is notable for its deliberate use of classic rock songs in its soundtrack. The ten that were credited in the film are listed", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "13223653", "text": "Bérénice Bejo Bérénice Bejo (; born 7 July 1976) is a French-Argentine actress who played Christiana in the 2001 film \"A Knight's Tale\" and Peppy Miller in the 2011 film \"The Artist\". Her work in \"The Artist\" received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won her the César Award for Best Actress. She won Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival in 2013 and was nominated for a César for her performance in \"The Past\". Bejo was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and is the daughter of Argentine filmmaker Miguel Bejo and his wife Silvia,", "title": "Bérénice Bejo" }, { "id": "3281004", "text": "adventure dramedy \"A Knight's Tale\", opposite Heath Ledger. She was cast as Lady Jocelyn, the love interest of a peasant (Ledger) pretending to be a knight in the world of Middle Age jousting. The film premiered on May 11, 2001, and received average reviews, with her part getting an equally mixed response; Robin Clifford for \"Reeling Reviews\" concluded that Sossamon was \"pretty but little more than an object of affection\" and Rob Blackwelder, of \"SPLICEDwire\", called her role \"the movie's weakest link\", noting that although Sossamon was a \"wonderfully wicked flirt\", her character \"isn't terribly well established and she's the", "title": "Shannyn Sossamon" }, { "id": "3280998", "text": "Shannyn Sossamon Shannon Marie Kahololani Sossamon, commonly known as Shannyn Sossamon (born October 3, 1978), is an American actress and musician. She has appeared in the films \"A Knight's Tale\" (2001), \"40 Days and 40 Nights\", \"The Rules of Attraction\" (both 2002), \"The Order\" (2003), \"Kiss Kiss Bang Bang\" (2005), \"The Holiday\" (2006) and \"Sinister 2\" (2015). She appeared in \"\" (2006) and had a starring part on the CBS supernatural drama \"Moonlight\", which ran for one season from 2007 to 2008. She subsequently headlined the horror remake \"One Missed Call\" (2008), which earned her a Teen Choice Award nomination.", "title": "Shannyn Sossamon" }, { "id": "750868", "text": "promises payment. In the course of competition, William's armor is damaged. He goads Kate, a blacksmith, to repair it without payment and goes on to win the tournament's sword event. In the joust, he faces a Sir Thomas Colville, who withdraws from the tournament after being injured by William, though they exchange a ceremonial pass so that Colville can retain the honor of never having failed to complete a match. The proceedings are observed by Jocelyn, a noblewoman with whom William has become infatuated, and Count Adhemar, a rival both in the joust and for Jocelyn's heart. In the final", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "2423389", "text": "transformed into a competition between two young men for the attentions of a barmaid. The story is one of the tales that inspired the 2001 movie \"A Knight's Tale\", in which Chaucer himself is one of the principal characters. Adapted for the BBC's \"The Canterbury Tales\" in 2003. The names of the characters Palamon and Arcite are changed to Paul (Chiwetel Ejiofor) and Ace (John Simm), and the story is moved to a modern prison setting where the two men battle for the attentions of a prison teacher named Emily (Keeley Hawes). The Knight's Tale \"The Knight's Tale\" () is", "title": "The Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "3281035", "text": "duties they are to perform that day\". Shannyn Sossamon Shannon Marie Kahololani Sossamon, commonly known as Shannyn Sossamon (born October 3, 1978), is an American actress and musician. She has appeared in the films \"A Knight's Tale\" (2001), \"40 Days and 40 Nights\", \"The Rules of Attraction\" (both 2002), \"The Order\" (2003), \"Kiss Kiss Bang Bang\" (2005), \"The Holiday\" (2006) and \"Sinister 2\" (2015). She appeared in \"\" (2006) and had a starring part on the CBS supernatural drama \"Moonlight\", which ran for one season from 2007 to 2008. She subsequently headlined the horror remake \"One Missed Call\" (2008), which", "title": "Shannyn Sossamon" }, { "id": "20176624", "text": "Kim’s home and she is one of twelve founding members. Kim narrated and performed The Book of Negroes for the CBC podcast ‘Between the Covers.’ Roberts received the Harold Award for theater in 1996. She received the Real World Trailblazer award at the ReelWorld Film Festival in 2014 for her body of work in film and television. Kim Roberts (actress) Kim Roberts is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Christine in \"The Handmaids Tale\" (2017), Regina from \"Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs\" (2017), Marnie in \"Schitt's Creek\" (2015), Neeva in \"The Strain\" (2014), Gloria in \"Lucky", "title": "Kim Roberts (actress)" }, { "id": "750866", "text": "Chaucer's \"The Knight's Tale\" in his \"The Canterbury Tales\", though the plot is not similar. It was a modest success at the box office, garnering $117,487,473 with a budget of $65 million, but has received mixed reviews. At a jousting tournament in 14th-century Europe, young squires William Thatcher, Roland, and Wat discover that their master, Sir Ector, has died. If he had completed one final pass he would have won the tournament. Destitute, William wears Ector's armour to impersonate him, winning the tournament and taking the prize. Although only nobles are allowed in tournaments, William is now inspired to compete", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "20176619", "text": "Kim Roberts (actress) Kim Roberts is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Christine in \"The Handmaids Tale\" (2017), Regina from \"Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs\" (2017), Marnie in \"Schitt's Creek\" (2015), Neeva in \"The Strain\" (2014), Gloria in \"Lucky Seven\" (2013), Camilla in \"Being Erica\" (2010), Mazz in \"The Doodlebops\" (2004–05), Mrs. Arvin in \"I'm Not There\" (2007), Deborah in \"Saw III\" (2006) and \"Saw IV\" (2007) and Mrs. Bosco in \"The Cheetah Girls\" (2003). Kim’s parents are from the Caribbean. Her mother, Josephine (nee Charles), is from the creole island of Dominica and her late", "title": "Kim Roberts (actress)" }, { "id": "3519841", "text": "Laura Fraser Laura Fraser (born 24 July 1976) is a Scottish actress. She is best known for portraying Door in the urban fantasy series \"Neverwhere\", Kate in the film \"A Knight's Tale\", Cat MacKenzie in the drama series \"Lip Service\" and Lydia Rodarte-Quayle in the AMC crime drama series \"Breaking Bad\" and its spin-off \"Better Call Saul\". Fraser was born in Glasgow, the daughter of Rose, a college lecturer and nurse, and Alister Fraser, a screenwriter and businessman. She attended Hillhead High School and is a former member of the Scottish Youth Theatre. She trained at the Royal Scottish Academy", "title": "Laura Fraser" }, { "id": "20506537", "text": "9, 2017. Other roles played by Bessie Carter, Edward Harrison and Ryan Pope. In July and August of 2018, Theo Langason directed an adaptation of the play at Park Square Theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It starred McKenna Kelly-Eiding and Marika Proctor as female Holmes and Watson, respectively. All the remaining roles were played by Eric \"Pogi\" Sumangil, Ricardo Beaird and Marika Proctor. \"Lavender Magazine's\" John Townsend called the production \"triumphantly entertaining,\" citing the actors' comedic timing. Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery is a play by American playwright Ken Ludwig. It premiered at the Arena", "title": "Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery" }, { "id": "6708886", "text": "Francis on wages \"for eight weeks even through Francis could have completed his scenes in less than a week.\" Other uncredited cast members include: Harry Woods as Karl Rynders, the sutler; Cliff Lyons as Trooper Cliff; Mickey Simpson as Wagner, the blacksmith; Fred Libby as Corporal Kumrein; and Rudy Bowman as Private Smith. Among Rynders' associates is veteran character actor Paul Fix (Harry Carey, Jr.'s father-in-law) in a small uncredited role. Director Ford initially was uncertain who to cast in the lead role. However, he knew that he did not want John Wayne for the part—considering, among other factors, that", "title": "She Wore a Yellow Ribbon" }, { "id": "13223654", "text": "a lawyer. When she was three, her family moved to France, escaping from Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship (1976-1983). In 2006, she starred in \"\", where she met director Michel Hazanavicius, whom she later married. They have two children: Lucien and Gloria. In 2001, Bejo made her American film debut, playing the role of Christiana in \"A Knight's Tale\" opposite Heath Ledger. Christiana is a lady-in-waiting to Jocelyn (Shannyn Sossamon). In 2002, she toured in France with Marie-France Pisier and Guillaume Depardieu. In 2003, Bejo starred as Olivia in \"24 Hours in the Life of a Woman\" by Laurent Bouhnik. Under", "title": "Bérénice Bejo" }, { "id": "750878", "text": "in order of appearance: Critical reception was mixed, with complaints about the anachronisms (the classic rock in a film that takes place during the Middle Ages), the many jousting scenes, and the thin plot. Roger Ebert gave the film 3 stars out of 4 and argued that the anachronisms made little difference, writing that the director himself \"pointed out that an orchestral score would be equally anachronistic, since orchestras hadn't been invented in the 1400s.\" Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 59% based on reviews from 147 critics. \"Once you get past the anachronism,\" according", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "3281005", "text": "most jarringly modern sight in this ancient tale\". \"A Knight's Tale\" garnered US$117,487,473 worldwide, bringing Sossamon into mainstream audiences. It earned the actress two Teen Choice Awards nominations as well as three MTV Movie Awards nominations, including one for \"Best Breakthrough Performance\". In 2002, Sossamon starred in Miramax Films' romantic comedy \"40 Days and 40 Nights\", as Erica Sutton, the love interest of Josh Hartnett's character, Matt Sullivan. The movie depicts Sullivan as he meets Sutton during a period of his abstinence from any sexual contact for the duration of Lent. It received mixed reviews from critics, but was a", "title": "Shannyn Sossamon" }, { "id": "595393", "text": "of Art in Washington, D.C.; two are in the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow; one is in the National Museum of Serbia in Belgrade. The estimated value of one painting is over $40 million. During the second half of the 20th century, several sculptures by Jean-Yves Lechevallier were erected in the city. The Rouen area is an integral part of the work of French writer Annie Ernaux. The 2000 film \"The Taste of Others\" was filmed and set in Rouen. In the 2001 movie \"A Knight's Tale\", the protagonist William Thatcher (played by Heath Ledger) poses as a", "title": "Rouen" }, { "id": "19317266", "text": "filmed in Michigan in 2009, under its film incentive program. Scouts arrived in fall 2008 and production was halted. On February 7, 2016, Nicolas Cage joined the cast of the film. On March 8, 2016, it was announced Nicolas Cage would direct the film, though he later dropped out of directing. On April 22, 2016, Anna Hutchison joined the cast. On May 12, 2016, Don Johnson joined the cast. Principal photography began on April 21, 2016. The film was released direct to video in the United Kingdom on March 27, 2017. In the United States, the film was released on", "title": "Vengeance: A Love Story" }, { "id": "750873", "text": "crushing blow. Over his defeat, Adhemar experiences a vision of William and his friends mocking him that he has been weighted, measured and found wanting (like Adhemar did to William before). In the ensuing celebration, as Jocelyn and William embrace, Chaucer remarks that he should write this whole story down. The entire film was shot at the Barrandov Studios in Prague, Czech Republic. The film includes a great deal of jousting footage. The initial scene of the two knights jousting is actually footage of Heath Ledger's stunt double in an accident. During filming of a later scene in the film,", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "18553291", "text": "were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively, and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through tweets. The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor and Stanley Tucci were announced between March and April to play LeFou, Mrs. Potts, Maurice, Madame de Garderobe, Cogsworth, Plumette, Lumière and Cadenza, respectively. Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as \"perfect\". Paige O'Hara, who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "19317267", "text": "September 15, 2017, by FilmRise. \"The Los Angeles Times\" was negative towards the film, criticizing the script as \"melodramatic\" and \"ham-handed,\" the directing as \"heavy-handed\" and \"cliché-ridden,\" and Cage's performance of John Dromoor as \"detached.\" Vengeance: A Love Story Vengeance: A Love Story is a 2017 American thriller film directed by Johnny Martin and written by John Mankiewicz. It is based on the 2003 novel \"Rape: A Love Story\" by Joyce Carol Oates. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Don Johnson, Anna Hutchison, Talitha Bateman and Deborah Kara Unger. The film was released on September 15, 2017, by FilmRise. A policeman", "title": "Vengeance: A Love Story" }, { "id": "7286746", "text": "The Handmaid's Tale (film) The Handmaid's Tale is a 1990 film adaptation of Margaret Atwood's novel of the same name. Directed by Volker Schlöndorff, the film stars Natasha Richardson (Kate/Offred), Faye Dunaway (Serena Joy), Robert Duvall (The Commander, Fred), Aidan Quinn (Nick), and Elizabeth McGovern (Moira). The screenplay was written by Harold Pinter. The original music score was composed by Ryuichi Sakamoto. MGM Home Entertainment released an Avant-Garde Cinema DVD of the film in 2001. The film was entered into the 40th Berlin International Film Festival. In the near future, war rages across the Republic of Gilead—formerly the United States", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale (film)" }, { "id": "9878557", "text": "Sundance Film Festival. \"Variety\" said, \"Rauch, who co-wrote the screenplay with her husband Winston, has never carried a film before. But she delivers the best breakthrough comedic performance by an actress since Melissa McCarthy in \"Bridesmaids\".\" Sony Pictures Classics acquired the film in September 2015. In 2017, Rauch voiced Harley Quinn in the animated film \"Batman and Harley Quinn\" and she voiced Light Thief in Light Riders from Blaze and the Monster Machines. Rauch is married to writer Winston Rauch (né Beigel), who collaborated with her on \"The Miss Education of Jenna Bush\" and other projects. Rauch announced that she", "title": "Melissa Rauch" }, { "id": "19754042", "text": "February 2017, Elizabeth Debicki was cast, in the role Lawrence had declined, and Michelle Rodriguez and Daniel Kaluuya were also set to star. In March 2017, Liam Neeson joined the cast of the film. In April 2017, Colin Farrell was added as, later that same month, was Robert Duvall. In May 2017, Garret Dillahunt, Jacki Weaver, Manuel Garcia-Rulfo, Lukas Haas and Brian Tyree Henry were set to co-star, in June 2017, Carrie Coon was added, and in August 2017, Michael Harney and Jon Bernthal joined the cast as well. Principal photography began on May 8, 2017 in Chicago, Illinois. The", "title": "Widows (2018 film)" }, { "id": "19492145", "text": "the series was created by Bruce Miller, who is also an executive producer with Daniel Wilson, Fran Sears, and Warren Littlefield. Atwood serves as consulting producer, giving feedback on some of the areas where the series expands upon or modernizes the book. She also played a small cameo role in the first episode. Moss is also a producer. In June 2016, Reed Morano was announced as director of the series. Samira Wiley, Max Minghella, and Ann Dowd joined the cast in July 2016. Joseph Fiennes, Madeline Brewer, and Yvonne Strahovski were cast in August 2016, followed by O. T. Fagbenle", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)" }, { "id": "3519844", "text": "Missing\". In 2017, Fraser starred as DS Annie Redford in the six-part ITV drama \"The Loch\". Fraser is a teetotaler. She married actor Karl Geary in 2003. They have one daughter, Lila, and live in Glasgow, Scotland. Laura Fraser Laura Fraser (born 24 July 1976) is a Scottish actress. She is best known for portraying Door in the urban fantasy series \"Neverwhere\", Kate in the film \"A Knight's Tale\", Cat MacKenzie in the drama series \"Lip Service\" and Lydia Rodarte-Quayle in the AMC crime drama series \"Breaking Bad\" and its spin-off \"Better Call Saul\". Fraser was born in Glasgow, the", "title": "Laura Fraser" }, { "id": "18406683", "text": "Transformers: The Last Knight Transformers: The Last Knight is a 2017 American science-fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line. It is the fifth installment of the live-action \"Transformers\" film series and a sequel to 2014's \"\". Like its predecessors, the film is directed by Michael Bay, and features Mark Wahlberg returning from \"Age of Extinction\", with Josh Duhamel, John Turturro, and Glenn Morshower reprising their roles from the first three films, as well as Laura Haddock, Isabela Moner, Jerrod Carmichael, Santiago Cabrera, and Sir Anthony Hopkins all joining the cast. Bay stated this would be his final film", "title": "Transformers: The Last Knight" }, { "id": "20962026", "text": "A day later, it was announced that Joel Fields had joined the production as an additional writer and executive producer. Alongside the series order announcement, it was confirmed that Sam Rockwell and Michelle Williams had been cast in the lead roles of Bob Fosse and Gwen Verdon, respectively. On November 19, 2018, it was announced Margaret Qualley and Norbert Leo Butz had been cast in series regular roles and that Aya Cash, Nate Corddry, Susan Misner, Bianca Marroquín, Kelli Barrett, Evan Handler, Rick Holmes, Paul Reiser, Ethan Slater, Byron Jennings, and Laura Osnes had joined the cast cast in a", "title": "Fosse/Verdon" }, { "id": "750875", "text": "also hollowed out, with the holes filled with balsa splinters and uncooked linguine. Jousting armor was made by Rod Vass and his company Armordillo Ltd. using a unique sprayed polyurethane system that they invented for the film \"Gladiator\". Onscreen, it is almost impossible to distinguish between the polyurethane stunt armor and steel armor, much of which was also made by Armordillo. Heath Ledger's armour was originally made in steel along with three polyurethane stunt replicas. In the DVD commentary, director Helgeland, co-commentating with Bettany, states that the film was intended to have occurred sometime in the 1370s during a six-month", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "11443053", "text": "film was being shot. She died aged 75 nine days after being awarded the 1991 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. \"A Woman's Tale\" grossed $49,584 at the box office in Australia. The film grossed $405,137 in the United States. A Woman's Tale A Woman's Tale is a 1991 Australian film directed by Paul Cox. It stars Sheila Florance, Gosia Dobrowolska, Norman Kaye, Chris Haywood and Ernie Gray. Martha (Florance) is an elderly woman living alone in her flat and dying of cancer. Her love of life leads to an ambivalence about her age; her", "title": "A Woman's Tale" }, { "id": "6119424", "text": "together. Shannyn Sossamon appears as Maggie, Miles' girlfriend and aspiring actress, while Edward Burns plays as Ethan Ebbers, Amanda's boyfriend; Rufus Sewell portrays Jasper Bloom, Iris' on-and-off affair. The film also reunited Sewell and Sossamon as they both starred in \"A Knight's Tale\" together, although they do not share a scene. Extended Simpkins family include Miffy Englefield and Emma Pritchard as Sophie and Olivia, Graham's daughters, respectively. The film also cast Bill Macy as Ernie and Shelley Berman as Norman, friends of Arthur, as well as Kathryn Hahn as Bristol and John Krasinski as Ben, Amanda's employees. Jon Prescott appears", "title": "The Holiday" }, { "id": "19825961", "text": "Solo: A Star Wars Story Solo: A Star Wars Story (or simply Solo) is a 2018 American space Western film based on the \"Star Wars\" character Han Solo. Directed by Ron Howard, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the second \"Star Wars\" anthology film following \"Rogue One\" (2016). Alden Ehrenreich stars as Han Solo alongside Woody Harrelson, Emilia Clarke, Donald Glover, Thandie Newton, Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Joonas Suotamo, and Paul Bettany. The plot takes place approximately ten years prior to the events of \"A New Hope\", and explores the early adventures of Han Solo", "title": "Solo: A Star Wars Story" }, { "id": "15044608", "text": "Laura Cayouette Laura Cayouette (born July 11, 1964) is an American actress, writer, producer, and director. Cayouette was born in Laurel, Prince George's County, Maryland. Laura graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park with a BA in English. She worked at Universal City Walk Hollywood cinemas in the 1990s before becoming an actress. She has appeared in commercials for American Airlines, J. C. Penney, T.J. Maxx and Entenmann's cookies. In 2015, she co-starred with Arnold Schwarzenegger, Abigail Breslin and Joely Richardson in the Horror drama film \"Maggie\". On May 24, 2014, she married Andy Gallagher in the heart of", "title": "Laura Cayouette" }, { "id": "15506532", "text": "symbol of the \"new generation of actresses-activists\". In a 2018 Indie Wire critics survey, she was listed among \"The Best American Actors Under 30\". Deutch was in a relationship with actor Avan Jogia from 2011 to 2016. The couple split amicably after almost five years together. Zoey Deutch Zoey Francis Thompson Deutch (born November 10, 1994) is an American actress and producer. Deutch began her career with starring roles in the gothic fantasy film \"Beautiful Creatures\" (2013) and the horror comedy film \"Vampire Academy\" (2014). In 2016, she starred as Beverly in the comedy \"Everybody Wants Some!!\" and Stephanie Fleming", "title": "Zoey Deutch" }, { "id": "13021301", "text": "Olivia Wilde Olivia Jane Cockburn (born March 10, 1984), known professionally as Olivia Wilde, is an American actress, model, producer, director and activist. She is known for her role as Dr. Remy \"Thirteen\" Hadley on the medical-drama television series \"House\" (2007–2012), and her roles in the films \"Conversations with Other Women\" (2005), \"Alpha Dog\" (2007), \"\" (2010), \"Cowboys & Aliens\" (2011), \"Butter\" (2011), \"Drinking Buddies\" (2013), \"The Incredible Burt Wonderstone\" (2013), \"Rush\" (2013), \"Her\" (2013), \"The Lazarus Effect\" (2015), \"Love the Coopers\" (2015), and \"Meadowland\" (2015). In 2017, Wilde made her Broadway debut, playing the role of Julia in \"1984\".", "title": "Olivia Wilde" }, { "id": "2423379", "text": "inclusion of philosophical themes—mainly of the kind contained in the \"Consolation of Philosophy\" of Boethius—astrological references and an epic context. The tale that follows it in Chaucer's work is told by the Miller and also involves a conflict between two men over a woman. It is a direct antithesis to the Knight's, with none of the nobility or heritage of classical mythology, but is instead rollicking, bawdy, comedic, and designed to annoy the Knight. Two cousins and knights, Palamon and Arcite, are captured and imprisoned by Theseus, duke of Athens, after being found unconscious following his battle against Creon. Their", "title": "The Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "19621186", "text": "and stepfather, Christopher Mellevold, who sparked Sophia's interest in acting. She started acting when she was seven years old, taking classes at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute. Lillis made her acting debut in 2014 with the film \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" and later she starred in the film \"37\". In 2017, she made a breakthrough when she costarred as one of the leads, Beverly Marsh, in the horror film \"It\", an adaptation of Stephen King's novel, directed by Andy Muschietti, and also starring Jaeden Lieberher, Finn Wolfhard, Wyatt Oleff, Bill Skarsgård, Jack Dylan Grazer, Jeremy Ray Taylor and", "title": "Sophia Lillis" }, { "id": "9446008", "text": "Hattie Morahan Harriet Jane ″Hattie″ Morahan (born 7 October 1978) is an English television, film, and stage actress. Her roles include Alice in \"The Bletchley Circle\", Gale Benson in \"The Bank Job\" (2008), Ann in \"Mr. Holmes\" (2015), Rose Coyne in \"My Mother and Other Strangers\" (2016), and Agathe/The Enchantress in \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017). Morahan was born at Lambeth, London, England. She is the younger daughter of television and film director Christopher Morahan and actress Anna Carteret. Her older sister Rebecca is a theatre director, and her half-brother Andy is a music video and film director. As a", "title": "Hattie Morahan" }, { "id": "9723638", "text": "Haley Bennett Haley Loraine Keeling (born January 7, 1988), known professionally as Haley Bennett, is an American actress and singer. She made her film debut as pop star Cora Corman in the romantic comedy \"Music and Lyrics\" (2007) and has since appeared in the films \"The Haunting of Molly Hartley\" (2008), \"College\" (2008), \"The Hole\" (2009), \"Kaboom\" (2010), \"The Equalizer\" (2014), \"Kristy\" (2014), \"Hardcore Henry\" (2015), \"The Magnificent Seven\" (2016), \"The Girl on the Train\" (2016) and \"Thank You for Your Service\" (2017). Bennett's parents, Leilani (née Dorsey Bennett) and Ronald Keeling, met in church, when they were quit young", "title": "Haley Bennett" }, { "id": "3065433", "text": "Molly Shannon Molly Helen Shannon (born September 16, 1964) is an American actress who was a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1995 to 2001. In 2017 she won the Film Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film \"Other People\". She has appeared in supporting roles in a number of films, such as \"A Night at the Roxbury\" (1998), \"Never Been Kissed\" (1999), \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\" (2000), \"Osmosis Jones\" (2001), \"My Boss's Daughter\" (2003), \"\" (2006), and \"Me and Earl and the Dying Girl\" (2015). Her voice can also be heard", "title": "Molly Shannon" }, { "id": "5809186", "text": "Carmen Ejogo Carmen Elizabeth Ejogo (; born 22 October 1973) is a British television and film actress and singer. She began her career as a teenager hosting the \"Saturday Disney\" morning show from 1993 to 1995. Her film credits include \"Love's Labour's Lost\" (2000), \"What's the Worst That Could Happen?\" (2001), \"Away We Go\" (2009), \"Sparkle\" (2012), \"Alex Cross\" (2012), \"\" (2014), \"It Comes at Night\" (2017), and \"\" (2017). She is also known for her role as Seraphina Picquery in the \"Fantastic Beasts\" film series. Ejogo has appeared as civil rights activist Coretta Scott King in two films: \"Boycott\"", "title": "Carmen Ejogo" }, { "id": "17047943", "text": "the webseries she co-created, Team Unicorn. She appeared also as herself, along with Ray Wise, Kane Hodder, Tom Holland, Mick Garris and Steven Barton in Adam Green's horror mockumentary film \"Digging Up the Marrow\". Vanderbilt first met actor/director Adam Green in 2002 at the Rainbow Bar & Grill and married him on June 26, 2010. Rileah Vanderbilt Rileah Elizabeth Vanderbilt (born August 20, 1979) is an American actress and producer. She is one of the founding members of Team Unicorn. Vanderbilt's film debut was \"Hatchet\", where she played the Young Victor Crowley. She reprised the role in \"Hatchet 2\" and", "title": "Rileah Vanderbilt" }, { "id": "12947925", "text": "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film) Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated science fiction comedy film produced by Sony Pictures Animation and loosely based on the 1978 children's book of the same name by Judi and Ron Barrett. It was written and directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller in their directorial debuts, and stars the voices of Bill Hader, Anna Faris, Bruce Campbell, James Caan, Bobb'e J. Thompson, Andy Samberg, Mr. T, Benjamin Bratt, Neil Patrick Harris, Al Roker, Lauren Graham, and Will Forte. In the film, an aspiring inventor named Flint", "title": "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (film)" }, { "id": "5330830", "text": "\"Sherlock Holmes\" (1975), and starred on the daytime soap operas \"Guiding Light\" (1970–72) and \"Another World\" (1977–79). Her film appearances include \"Masters of the Universe\" (1987), \"Legends of the Fall\" (1994), \"Romeo + Juliet\" (1996), and \"The Wedding Singer\" (1998). She won the 2018 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series for the Vimeo series \"Break a Hip\". Christina Pickles was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, the daughter of Arthur Pickles, Liberal politician and Mayor of Halifax, and Gladys (née Crampton) Pickles. She is the niece of radio presenter Wilfred Pickles and the", "title": "Christina Pickles" }, { "id": "18406700", "text": "the state. On April 13, TheWrap reported that Isabela Moner was in talks to star as Izabella. The site also reported that Bay was eyeing Jean Dujardin, Stephen Merchant, and Jerrod Carmichael for supporting roles. On May 17, 2016, it was confirmed that Josh Duhamel would reprise his role in the film, and Jerrod Carmichael was cast. In June 2016, Anthony Hopkins, Mitch Pileggi, Santiago Cabrera, and Laura Haddock joined the cast, and Tyrese Gibson stated that he will return as Robert Epps. In August 2016, Liam Garrigan was confirmed to play King Arthur, a different version from his role", "title": "Transformers: The Last Knight" }, { "id": "750879", "text": "to the site, \"\"A Knight's Tale\" becomes a predictable, if spirited, \"Rocky\" on horseback.\" On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 54 out of 100, sampled from 32 reviews, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". \"Newsweek\" revealed in June 2001 that print ads contained glowing comments from a film reviewer who did not exist for at least four films released by Columbia Pictures, including \"A Knight's Tale\" and \"The Animal\" (2001). The fake critic was named David Manning and was created by a Columbia employee who worked in the advertising department. \"Manning\" was misrepresented as a reviewer for \"The Ridgefield", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "11158738", "text": "Mary Grace, opposite Melissa Leo and Margaret Qualley, which premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival. Also in 2017, Agron portrayed the lead in the drama \"Hollow in the Land\". She is set to co-star in the thriller \"Headlock\", with Andy García, Justin Bartha, and James Frain. In 2018, she joined the cast of \"The Laureate\" as Laura Riding, alongside Kathy Bates, Tom Hughes, and Laura Haddock. Agron made her stage debut in the play \"McQueen\", based on the life of the designer Alexander McQueen (Stephen Wight). She portrayed the female lead, Dahlia, a fan who breaks into the designer's", "title": "Dianna Agron" }, { "id": "17580754", "text": "Olivia Cooke Olivia Kate Cooke (born 27 December 1993) is an English actress. She played Emma Decody in A&E's drama-thriller series \"Bates Motel from 2013 to 2017\", and in 2018 she starred as Becky Sharp in the miniseries, \"Vanity Fair\". Cooke has also starred in the horror films \"The Quiet Ones\" (2014) and \"Ouija\" (2014), the science fiction film \"The Signal\" (2014), the comedy-drama \"Me and Earl and the Dying Girl\" (2015), the horror-mystery \"The Limehouse Golem\" (2016), the thriller \"Thoroughbreds\" (2017), and the Steven Spielberg-directed science-fiction film \"Ready Player One\" (2018). Cooke was born and raised in Oldham, Greater", "title": "Olivia Cooke" }, { "id": "4474119", "text": "Julia Ormond Julia Karin Ormond (born 4 January 1965) is an English actress. She rose to prominence appearing in such films as \"The Baby of Mâcon\" (1993), \"Legends of the Fall\" (1994), \"First Knight\" (1995), \"Sabrina\" (1995), \"Smilla's Sense of Snow\" (1997) and \"The Barber of Siberia\" (1998). She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role in the HBO film \"Temple Grandin\" (2010). Ormond was born in Epsom, Surrey, the daughter of Josephine, a laboratory technician, and John Ormond, a computer software designer. She attended independent schools, first Guildford High", "title": "Julia Ormond" }, { "id": "17156963", "text": "Erin Pitt Erin Michelle Pitt (born September 22, 1999) is a Canadian actress, known for her trio of roles in the horror film \"\", where she played Dark Alessa, Alessa Gillespie, and the younger Sharon DaSilva. Pitt's first leading role was in the 2013 film \"Against the Wild\" as Hanna Wade. She also played the title role in the 2014 made-for-television film \"\". Pitt is a voice actress and is known for her roles in the television series \"The 99\" as Samda the Invulnerable and Evie in the television series \"Mike the Knight\". Pitt was born in Hamilton, Ontario, one", "title": "Erin Pitt" }, { "id": "13965117", "text": "Sari Lennick Sari (Wagner) Lennick (born August 4, 1975) is an American actress. She is known for her film roles as Judith Gopnik in the Coen Brothers' movie \"A Serious Man\" (2010 Best Picture Oscar nominee and Robert Altman Independent Spirit Award winner) and Evelyn in Woody Allen's \"Café Society\", which opened the 2016 Cannes Film Festival and was theatrically released in the U.S. on July 15, 2016. Sari Lennick was born and raised in Miami, Florida. She graduated from the University of Southern California with a bachelor's degree majoring in theatre and philosophy. Following USC, she moved to New", "title": "Sari Lennick" }, { "id": "4387653", "text": "and divorced in 2000. He married his second wife, scriptwriter and producer Amy Gardner, in 2004. They have a son, William Douglas Sewell (born 2002). They divorced in 2006. He also has a daughter, Lola with his girlfriend Ami Komai. On his hobbies, Sewell has said, \"My favourite things are just wandering from place to place, going to cafés, taking photographs. My favourite day is a happy accident.\" Rufus Sewell Rufus Frederik Sewell (; born 29 October 1967) is an English actor. He has appeared in films such as \"Hamlet\", \"The Woodlanders\", \"Dangerous Beauty\", \"Dark City\", \"A Knight's Tale\", \"The", "title": "Rufus Sewell" }, { "id": "19956569", "text": "Alexandra Schepisi Alexandra Schepisi ( ) is an Australian actress. Schepisi was born and raised in Melbourne, Victoria. She is the daughter of filmmaker Fred Schepisi and American artist Mary Schepisi (née Rubin). She obtained her bachelor's degree in dramatic art from Victorian College of the Arts in 1997. Schepisi's appeared in her acting debut in the drama film \"The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith\" (1978), which her father scripted and directed. She would later star in another film of his father's, \"The Eye of the Storm\" (2011). Schepisi has also performed on stage, including the Melbourne Theatre Company production \"A", "title": "Alexandra Schepisi" }, { "id": "4759593", "text": "Kathleen Quinlan Kathleen Denise Quinlan (born November 19, 1954) is an American film and television actress. She received a Best Actress Golden Globe nomination for the 1977 film \"I Never Promised You a Rose Garden\" and a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award nomination for her role in the 1995 film \"Apollo 13\". Her other film appearances include \"Airport '77\" (1977), \"The Promise\" (1979), \"The Runner Stumbles\" (1979), \"Sunday Lovers\" (1980), \"Sunset\" (1988), \"Clara's Heart\" (1988), \"The Doors\" (1991), \"Breakdown\" (1997), and \"Breach\" (2007). Quinlan was born in Pasadena, California, the daughter of Josephine (née Zachry), a military supply supervisor, and", "title": "Kathleen Quinlan" }, { "id": "20514626", "text": "A Wizard's Tale A Wizard's Tale (also known as Ahí Viene Cascarrabias in Mexico and Here Comes the Grump internationally) is a 2018 Mexican-British animated film based on the DePatie–Freleng animated series, \"Here Comes the Grump\", which originally ran from 1969 to 1970 on NBC. Produced by Ánima Estudios, Prime Focus World, and GFM Animation, the film features the voices of Toby Kebbell, Lily Collins, and Ian McShane. It was first released in Italy on 1 March 2018. The film was released on July 26, 2018 in Mexico and was a commercial failure. The film was released in the United", "title": "A Wizard's Tale" }, { "id": "18553276", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's 18th-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "15810721", "text": "Fiona Gubelmann Fiona Victoria Gubelmann (born March 30, 1980) is an American actress. A native of California, she has appeared in a number of single-episode roles in television, including \"\", \"My Name Is Earl\" and \"Knight Rider\", as well as a handful of films including \"Employee of the Month\" and \"Downstream\". She starred as Jenna in the FX comedy series \"Wilfred\". Fiona Gubelmann was born in Santa Monica, California. She began acting and dancing in preschool, and her mother enrolled her in dance classes as a child. Her first play was at the age of four in a ballet version", "title": "Fiona Gubelmann" }, { "id": "8684262", "text": "as well as a supporting role in the Lucy Liu/Nick Lachey horror/neo-noir movie \"\". Between 2006 and 2007, she was a cast member of Nick Cannon's \"Wild 'N Out\". Goodman also Starred in the 2008 Horror/Thriller, \"Shuttle\" in Boston and appeared on MTV's \"Exposed\". She was also featured in the German movie \"Friendship!\" In 2009, she starred as \"Renny Davidson\", the Love interest of \"Kit Walker\" (Ryan Carnes) in the 2-part The Movie Network/Syfy comic book Miniseries The Phantom. In 2011, Cameron played Amber Lee Adams in the Disney movie \"Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure\" alongside Ashley Tisdale, Austin Butler and Lauren", "title": "Cameron Goodman" }, { "id": "8031405", "text": "name of the festival. 2015 Awardees Include: 2017 Kenneth Lonergan (Manchester by the Sea) <br> 2016 Nancy Meyers (The Intern), (The Holiday)<br> 2015 Brian Helgeland (42), (A Knight's Tale)<br> 2014 Jim Sheridan (My Left Foot), (In the Name of the Father)<br> 2013 Callie Khouri (Thelma & Louise), Nashville<br> 2012 Eric Roth (Forrest Gump, The Insider, Munich)<br> 2011 Caroline Thompson (Edward Scissorhands, The Nightmare Before Christmas)<br> 2010 David Peoples (Blade Runner, Unforgiven)<br> 2009 Steven Zaillian (Schindler’s List, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo)<br> 2007 John Milius (Apocalypse Now, Conan the Barbarian)<br> 2006 Shane Black (Lethal Weapon, Kiss Kiss Bang Bang)<br> 2005", "title": "Austin Film Festival" }, { "id": "7596348", "text": "Lesley Manville Lesley Ann Manville (born 12 March 1956) is an English actress, known for her frequent collaborations with director Mike Leigh, winning the London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year for Leigh's \"All or Nothing\" (2002) and \"Another Year\" (2010), and the National Board of Review Award for Best Actress for the latter film. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for \"Phantom Thread\" (2017). Other film roles include \"Maleficent\" (2014). Manville's extensive stage career includes roles in \"As You Like It\" (1985), \"Les Liaisons Dangereuses\" (1986), \"His Dark Materials\" (2005),", "title": "Lesley Manville" }, { "id": "1690615", "text": "Festival in May 2009, and theatrically released in the US in June 2009. It qualified for the 2010 Oscars as it did not premiere in an Oscar-qualifying run in Los Angeles until mid-2009. Set in post-invasion Iraq, the film received \"universal acclaim\" (according to Metacritic) and a 97% \"fresh\" rating from the critics aggregated by Rotten Tomatoes. The film stars Jeremy Renner, Brian Geraghty and Anthony Mackie, with cameos by Guy Pearce, David Morse and Ralph Fiennes. She won the Directors Guild of America award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures (becoming the first woman to win the award)", "title": "Kathryn Bigelow" }, { "id": "19213423", "text": "Rough Night Rough Night (released in some countries as Girls' Night Out) is a 2017 American comedy film directed by Lucia Aniello (in her feature debut) and written by Aniello and Paul W. Downs. It stars Scarlett Johansson, Zoë Kravitz, Kate McKinnon, Jillian Bell, Ilana Glazer, Downs, Ty Burrell, and Demi Moore, and follows a bachelorette party that goes wrong after a male stripper dies. The film was released in the United States on June 16, 2017, by Columbia Pictures, received mixed reviews and grossed $47 million worldwide against a production budget of about $26 million. In 2006, four friends,", "title": "Rough Night" }, { "id": "11305789", "text": "Elle Newlands, Terri Douglas, Robert Stambler, Verona Blue, TJ Falls, Michelle Rejwan, Eugene Byrd, Fred Tatasciore, David Collins, Amanda Foreman, Christopher Scarabosio, Patrick Correll, Karen Huie, Orly Schuchmacher, Emily Towers, Jonathan Dixon, Kat Sheridan, Salacious Crumb actor Mark Dodson, and Gavyn Sykes actor Christian Simpson were the additional voices used in the film. Riot control stormtrooper FN-2199, who calls Finn a traitor during the battle on Takodana, was portrayed by stunt performer Liang Yang and voiced by sound editor David Acord. \"Star Wars\" creator George Lucas discussed ideas for a sequel trilogy several times after the conclusion of the original", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "id": "478712", "text": "Denise Richards Denise Lee Richards (born February 17, 1971) is an American actress and former fashion model. She has appeared in numerous films, including \"Starship Troopers\" (1997), \"Wild Things\" (1998), \"Drop Dead Gorgeous\" (1999), \"The World Is Not Enough\" (1999) as Bond girl Christmas Jones, \"Valentine\" (2001), and \"Undercover Brother\" (2002). From 2008 to 2009, she starred on the E! reality show \"\". In 2010 and 2011, she was a series regular on the comedy \"Blue Mountain State\". She is currently starring in the Bravo reality show, \"The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills\", joining in the ninth season. Richards was", "title": "Denise Richards" }, { "id": "6076128", "text": "Agnes Bruckner Agnes Bruckner (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and former model. She began acting on television in the late 1990s and has since appeared in several films, including \"The Woods\", \"Blue Car\", \"Murder by Numbers\", \"Blood and Chocolate\", and \"The Anna Nicole Story\". Bruckner was born in Hollywood, California, to a Hungarian father and a Russian mother who have since divorced; her paternal grandfather was German. Her parents met in Hungary and immigrated to the U.S. in 1984 through a refugee camp in Italy. She has two sisters and a brother. Bruckner speaks some Russian and", "title": "Agnes Bruckner" }, { "id": "5886812", "text": "Caroline Goodall Caroline Cruice Goodall (born 13 November 1959) is an English actress and screenwriter. She was nominated for AFI Awards for her roles in the 1989 miniseries \"Cassidy\", and the 1995 film \"Hotel Sorrento\". Her other film appearances include \"Hook\" (1991), \"Cliffhanger\" (1993), \"Schindler's List\" (1993), \"Disclosure\" (1994), \"White Squall\" (1996), \"The Princess Diaries\" (2001) and \"The Dressmaker\" (2015). Goodall was born in London to a publisher father and journalist mother. She attended St Leonards-Mayfield School and graduated (1981) with a Bachelor of Arts in Drama and English from Bristol University, alongside fellow screenwriters Jeremy Brock. Caroline was a", "title": "Caroline Goodall" }, { "id": "16875801", "text": "Laura Ramsey Laura Ramsey (born November 14, 1982) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for her roles in films such as 2006's \"She's the Man\", 2008's \"The Ruins\", 2009's \"Middle Men\", 2011's \"Kill the Irishman\", and 2014's \"Are You Here\". Ramsey was born in Brandon, Wisconsin, the daughter of Jill and Mark Ramsey. She graduated from Laconia High School in Rosendale, Wisconsin in 2001 and then attended Ripon College in Ripon, Wisconsin. Ramsey was spotted while working in a restaurant on Sunset Boulevard and got an audition the next day, for a role she won", "title": "Laura Ramsey" }, { "id": "10288751", "text": "Mamie Gummer Mary Willa \"Mamie\" Gummer (born August 3, 1983) is an American actress. She starred in the title role of The CW series \"Emily Owens, M.D.\" (2012–13), and played the recurring role of Nancy Crozier on \"The Good Wife\" (2010–15) and its spin-off, \"The Good Fight\" (2018). She has also appeared in the films \"Evening\" (2007), \"Side Effects\" (2013), \"Cake\" (2014), and \"Ricki and the Flash\" (2015). She was nominated for the 2016 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for the original production of \"Ugly Lies the Bone\". Gummer was born in New York City, New", "title": "Mamie Gummer" }, { "id": "7596358", "text": "Joe Dixon. In 2007, Manville was living with her son in East Grinstead, West Sussex. Lesley Manville Lesley Ann Manville (born 12 March 1956) is an English actress, known for her frequent collaborations with director Mike Leigh, winning the London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year for Leigh's \"All or Nothing\" (2002) and \"Another Year\" (2010), and the National Board of Review Award for Best Actress for the latter film. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for \"Phantom Thread\" (2017). Other film roles include \"Maleficent\" (2014). Manville's extensive stage career includes", "title": "Lesley Manville" }, { "id": "3219186", "text": "Glenda Farrell Glenda Farrell (June 30, 1904 – May 1, 1971) was an American actress of film, television, and theater. She is best known for her role as Torchy Blane in the Warner Bros. Torchy Blane film series and the Academy Award-nominated films \"Little Caesar\" (1931), \"I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang\" (1932), and \"Lady for a Day\" (1933). With a career spanning more than 50 years, Farrell appeared in over 100 films and television series, as well as numerous Broadway plays. She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960, and won", "title": "Glenda Farrell" }, { "id": "5568475", "text": "Helen of Troy (film) Helen of Troy is a 1956 Warner Bros. WarnerColor epic film in CinemaScope, based on Homer's \"Iliad\" and \"Odyssey\". It was directed by Robert Wise, from a screenplay by Hugh Gray and John Twist, adapted by Hugh Gray and N. Richard Nash. The music score was by Max Steiner and the cinematography by Harry Stradling Sr. The film stars Rossana Podestà, Stanley Baker, Sir Cedric Hardwicke and Jacques Sernas, with Niall MacGinnis, Maxwell Reed, Nora Swinburne, Robert Douglas, Torin Thatcher, Harry Andrews, Janette Scott, Ronald Lewis, Eduardo Ciannelli, Esmond Knight and a young Brigitte Bardot as", "title": "Helen of Troy (film)" }, { "id": "3281010", "text": "discovery of a Sin Eater headquartered in Rome. It was released in late 2003, to extremely poor reviews; Critical reception for Sossamon was average with \"7M Pictures\" finding the movie \"well acted\" by the leads but \"eFilmCritic.com\" remarking that she, \"so charming in both \"\"A Knight's Tale\" and 4\"0 Days and 40 Nights\", is given very little to do besides utilize her 'tortured soul with dark eye makeup' schtick\". The movie also made little interest at the box office, opening at number six at the charts; it finished its theatrical run with US$11 million on a budget of US$35 million.", "title": "Shannyn Sossamon" }, { "id": "19322022", "text": "On March 9, 2016, Josh Wiggins and Odeya Rush were cast in the film. Producers on the film would be Matthew Baer and George Parra with Windowseat Entertainment's Joseph McKelheer and Bill Kiely, and Windowseat also fully financing the film. Principal photography on the film began on March 14, 2016 in Los Angeles, California. \"The Bachelors\" has grossed a total worldwide of $106,212 On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 83% based on 18 reviews, and an average rating of 6.8/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 54 out of", "title": "The Bachelors (film)" }, { "id": "20514629", "text": "development and supervision, with the direction done by Andrés Couturier, the manager at Ánima. On 5 October 2017, British actors Toby Kebbell, Lily Collins, and Ian McShane have joined the film's lead English voice cast, with the casting done by Todd Resnick's The Voice Company studio in Los Angeles. Prime Focus's Greg Gavanski commented that he was \"thrilled\" with the casting. “We are thrilled to welcome Ian, Lily and Toby to the Grump team,” said Gavanski. “This hugely talented voice cast, alongside the beautiful animation delivered by the artists of Ánima [Estudios] and Prime Focus, has brought these fantastic characters", "title": "A Wizard's Tale" }, { "id": "9904704", "text": "Juno Temple Juno Violet Temple (born 21 July 1989) is an English actress. A diverse character actress, Temple has appeared in films such as \"Killer Joe\", \" Black Mass\", \"The Other Boleyn Girl\", \"Wild Child\", \"Atonement\", \"Maleficent\", \"The Three Musketeers\", and \"The Dark Knight Rises\". She also had a starring role in the HBO period drama series \"Vinyl\". Temple was born in Hammersmith, London, the daughter of producer Amanda Pirie and film director Julien Temple. Her aunt is politician Nina Temple. She grew up in Taunton, Somerset, and attended Enmore Primary School, Bedales School, and King's College, Taunton. She has", "title": "Juno Temple" }, { "id": "867027", "text": "notably for playing Desdemona in \"Othello\" opposite Laurence Olivier and earning her first Oscar nomination for her performance in the 1965 film version. She appeared opposite Olivier in Ibsen's \"The Master Builder\", and played comedic roles in \"The Recruiting Officer\" and \"Much Ado About Nothing\". Her other films at this time included \"Go to Blazes\" (1962), \"The V.I.P.s\" (1963), \"The Pumpkin Eater\" (1964), \"Young Cassidy\" (1965), \"Hot Millions\" (1968), and \"Oh! What A Lovely War\" (1969). Smith won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the title role of the 1969 film \"The Prime of Miss Jean", "title": "Maggie Smith" }, { "id": "19317265", "text": "Vengeance: A Love Story Vengeance: A Love Story is a 2017 American thriller film directed by Johnny Martin and written by John Mankiewicz. It is based on the 2003 novel \"Rape: A Love Story\" by Joyce Carol Oates. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Don Johnson, Anna Hutchison, Talitha Bateman and Deborah Kara Unger. The film was released on September 15, 2017, by FilmRise. A policeman investigating a single mother's rape soon takes matters into his own hands after the attackers are acquitted in court. Originally, production with Samuel L. Jackson, Dianne Wiest and Abigail Breslin associated, was set to be", "title": "Vengeance: A Love Story" }, { "id": "16609272", "text": "Kacey Rohl Kacey Rohl (born August 6, 1991) is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Sterling Fitch in the TV crime drama \"The Killing\", Prudence in the 2011 dark fantasy film \"Red Riding Hood\", Abigail Hobbs in the TV drama \"Hannibal\", and her role as Kerry Campbell in the TV sci-fi drama \"Wayward Pines\". Rohl was born in and currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia. She is the daughter of television director Michael Rohl, and began studying acting when she was 14. Her mother, Jan Derbyshire, is a playwright and comedian who also works in the entertainment", "title": "Kacey Rohl" }, { "id": "5921429", "text": "Aunjanue Ellis Aunjanue L. Ellis (born February 21, 1969) is an American film, stage, and television actress, and producer. She began her acting career in theater, and made her film debut in \"Girls Town\". She later had leading roles in a number of independent movies, and co-starred in several mainstream films. Ellis is best known for her roles in films \"Men of Honor\" (2000), \"The Caveman's Valentine\" (2001), \"Undercover Brother\" (2002), \"Ray\" (2004), \"The Express\" (2008), \"The Taking of Pelham 123\" (2009) and \"The Help\" (2011). On television, Ellis had regular role in the ABC police drama series \"High Incident\"", "title": "Aunjanue Ellis" }, { "id": "7770619", "text": "Virginia Gordon Virginia Gordon (born October 28, 1936 in Chaplin, West Virginia) is an American model and actress. She was \"Playboy\" magazine's Playmate of the Month for the January 1959 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Ron Vogel. Gordon's most significant film, in terms of cinema history, is 1962's \"Tonight for Sure\", as it marks the directorial debut of Francis Ford Coppola. Gordon's acting roles were confined to appearing, mostly sans wardrobe, in a string of obscure sexploitation films produced for the adults-only grindhouse circuit. Her first three films, \"Once Upon a Knight\" (1961), written by Bob Cresse, \"Surftide 77\"", "title": "Virginia Gordon" }, { "id": "6319623", "text": "Lindsay Sloane Lindsay Sloane Leikin-Rollins (born August 8, 1977) is an American actress. Sloane is known for playing Valerie Birkhead on \"Sabrina the Teenage Witch\" (1997–99) and Emily in \"The Odd Couple\" (2015–17). She has also starred in films such as \"Bring It On\" (2000), \"Over Her Dead Body\" (2008), \"She's Out of My League\" (2010), \"The Other Guys\" (2010), \"Horrible Bosses\" (2011), and its sequel \"Horrible Bosses 2\" (2014). Lindsay Sloane Leikin was born on Long Island, New York, the daughter of Renée, a children's librarian, and Joey Leikin, a sales manager. She was raised in a Jewish family.", "title": "Lindsay Sloane" }, { "id": "19222755", "text": "the participation of women in anti-imperialist movements. Director Kathryn Bigelow works in male-dominated genres like science fiction, action, and horror. She became the first woman to win both the Academy Award for Best Director and the Directors Guild of America Award in 2010 for \"The Hurt Locker\". Catherine Hardwicke's films have grossed a cumulative total of $551.8 million. Her most successful films are \"Twilight\" (2008) and \"Red Riding Hood\" (2011). Nancy Meyers has had success with her five features: \"The Parent Trap\" (1998), \"What Women Want\" (2000), \"Something's Gotta Give\" (2003), \"The Holiday\" (2006) and \"It's Complicated\" (2009) which have", "title": "Women in film" }, { "id": "10066671", "text": "Harley Quinn Smith Harley Quinn Smith (born June 26, 1999) is an American actress. Smith has appeared in the film \"Tusk\" and its spin-off \"Yoga Hosers\", both written and directed by her father, Kevin Smith. Smith was born in Red Bank, New Jersey, the daughter of filmmaker Kevin Smith and actress Jennifer Schwalbach Smith. She was named after the Batman villain Harley Quinn. She is good friends with and frequent co-star of Lily-Rose Depp, daughter of actor Johnny Depp and Vanessa Paradis, and actress Aparna Brielle. Smith made her acting debut in her father's film \"Jay and Silent Bob Strike", "title": "Harley Quinn Smith" }, { "id": "16609273", "text": "industry. Kacey Rohl Kacey Rohl (born August 6, 1991) is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Sterling Fitch in the TV crime drama \"The Killing\", Prudence in the 2011 dark fantasy film \"Red Riding Hood\", Abigail Hobbs in the TV drama \"Hannibal\", and her role as Kerry Campbell in the TV sci-fi drama \"Wayward Pines\". Rohl was born in and currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia. She is the daughter of television director Michael Rohl, and began studying acting when she was 14. Her mother, Jan Derbyshire, is a playwright and comedian who also works in the", "title": "Kacey Rohl" }, { "id": "10710181", "text": "Lucy Boynton Lucy Boynton (born 17 January 1994) is an American-born English actress. She made her film debut with a leading role in \"Miss Potter\" (2006). Boynton starred in \"Copperhead\" (2013), \"Sing Street\" (2016), \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (2017) and \"Apostle\" (2018). She also portrayed Mary Austin in the biographical film \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" (2018). Boynton was born in New York City and grew up in London. She is the daughter of British-born Graham Boynton, the Group Travel Editor of the Telegraph Media Group, and Adriaane Pielou, a travel writer. She has an older sister, Emma Louise Boynton. She attended", "title": "Lucy Boynton" }, { "id": "6319627", "text": "19, 2017). Lindsay Sloane Lindsay Sloane Leikin-Rollins (born August 8, 1977) is an American actress. Sloane is known for playing Valerie Birkhead on \"Sabrina the Teenage Witch\" (1997–99) and Emily in \"The Odd Couple\" (2015–17). She has also starred in films such as \"Bring It On\" (2000), \"Over Her Dead Body\" (2008), \"She's Out of My League\" (2010), \"The Other Guys\" (2010), \"Horrible Bosses\" (2011), and its sequel \"Horrible Bosses 2\" (2014). Lindsay Sloane Leikin was born on Long Island, New York, the daughter of Renée, a children's librarian, and Joey Leikin, a sales manager. She was raised in a", "title": "Lindsay Sloane" }, { "id": "92506", "text": "Calista Flockhart Calista Kay Flockhart (born November 11, 1964) is an American actress. She is best known for starring as the title character in the legal comedy-drama series \"Ally McBeal\" (1997–2002), Kitty Walker in the drama series \"Brothers & Sisters\" (2006–2011) and Cat Grant in the superhero drama series \"Supergirl\" (2015–2017). She has also been featured in a number of films, including the comedy film \"The Birdcage\" (1996), the romantic comedy film \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (1999), and the drama film \"Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her\" (2000). Flockhart has won a Golden Globe Award and Screen", "title": "Calista Flockhart" }, { "id": "19797427", "text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2016 The 26th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards, presented by the Independent Filmmaker Project, were held on November 28, 2016. The nominees were announced on October 20, 2016. Actors Ethan Hawke and Amy Adams, director Oliver Stone and producer Arnon Milchan received tribute awards. The ceremony was hosted by Keegan-Michael Key. Moonlight Casey Affleck as Lee Chandler – \"Manchester by the Sea\" Isabelle Huppert as Michèle Leblanc – \"Elle\" Barry Jenkins and Tarell Alvin McCraney – \"Moonlight\" Anya Taylor-Joy as Thomasin – \"The Witch\" Trey Edward Shults – \"Krisha\" Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Her Story Moonlight \"Moonlight\" –", "title": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2016" }, { "id": "18154925", "text": "Madeline Brewer Madeline Kathryn Brewer (born c. 1991/1992) is an American actress who has appeared in the Netflix original series \"Orange Is the New Black\" and \"Hemlock Grove\", the Hulu series \"The Handmaid's Tale\", and the Netflix horror film \"Cam\". Brewer grew up in Pitman, New Jersey, the daughter of Laurie and Mark Brewer, who is an actor and musician. She is a graduate of The American Musical and Dramatic Academy in New York City. Brewer was crowned Miss Pitman in high school in 2010. In 2016, she appeared in \"Men Against Fire\", an episode of the anthology series \"Black", "title": "Madeline Brewer" }, { "id": "8928091", "text": "Alice Connor Alice Rose Connor (born 2 August 1990) is a British actress, born in Buckinghamshire, England. She is best known for her roles in the television adaptation of Jacqueline Wilson's novel \"The Illustrated Mum\", in the children's television series \"The New Worst Witch\" (a spin-off from \"The Worst Witch\"), and in the film \"The Thief Lord\" as Hornet. She first started acting as \"Alice\" in \"Fun Song Factory\" when she was 8. She also had a small part in the 2001 movie \"A Knight's Tale\" when she was 9. In 2007 she began filming for a new television series,", "title": "Alice Connor" }, { "id": "12671462", "text": "Camilla Sparv Camilla Sparv (born 3 June 1943) is a Swedish actress. Sparv was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 3 June 1943. She was awarded a Golden Globe as Most Promising Newcomer (female) in 1967 for her role opposite James Coburn in \"Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round\" (1966). She also appeared in such films as \"Murderers' Row\" (1966), \"The Trouble with Angels\" (1966), \"Assignment K\" (1968), \"Nobody Runs Forever\" (1968), \"Mackenna's Gold\" (1969), \"Downhill Racer\" (1969), \"The Greek Tycoon\" (1978), \"Caboblanco\" (1980), and \"Survival Zone\" (1983), as well as the television shows \"Airwolf\", \"The Rockford Files\", \"The Love Boat\", \"Hawaii", "title": "Camilla Sparv" }, { "id": "14708005", "text": "Bruna Abdullah Bruna Abdullah is a Brazilian actress, working in Bollywood. Abdullah played the role of \"Mary\" in the adult comedy film \"Grand Masti\" and Giselle in Punit Malhotra's \"I Hate Luv Storys\" (2010). She has also starred in the 2012 Tamil movie \"Billa II\". Bruna was born in Porto Alegre, Brazil to a father of Lebanese descent and a mother of Italian-Portuguese ancestry. She came to India as a tourist and began working as an actress, changing her base to Mumbai from Brazil in order to set her career. She appeared in several advertising commercials for IndusInd Bank Reebok", "title": "Bruna Abdullah" }, { "id": "11473302", "text": "overshadowed by leading actors Song Joong-ki and Moon Chae-won. After giving birth and being indicted for propofol use in 2013, Park returned to television with the 2014 cable drama \"The Greatest Marriage\", in which her character struggles to balance single motherhood and a successful career as an anchorwoman. In 2015, she made her Hollywood debut in \"Last Knights\", an action film set in medieval times about a band of warriors who seek revenge on a corrupt emperor. She starred alongside Clive Owen, Morgan Freeman, and Korean veteran actor Ahn Sung-ki. With Japanese director Kazuaki Kiriya at the helm, filming took", "title": "Park Si-yeon" }, { "id": "750870", "text": "by complying when she first asks him to deliberately lose (in contrast to the countless knights who promise to win in her name), and then, just before he would be eliminated, to win the tournament in her name after all. The group travels to London for the World Championship. William recalls leaving his father to squire for Sir Ector and learn to become a knight, hoping to \"change his stars\". Adhemar has also arrived in London and announces that he is in negotiations with Jocelyn's father for her hand in marriage. William dominates at the tournament but when he returns", "title": "A Knight's Tale" }, { "id": "3230350", "text": "Mary Stuart Masterson Mary Stuart Masterson (born June 28, 1966) is an American actress. She has starred in the films \"At Close Range\" (1986), \"Some Kind of Wonderful\" (1987), \"Chances Are\" (1989), \"Fried Green Tomatoes\" (1991) and \"Benny & Joon\" (1993). She won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the 1989 film \"Immediate Family\", and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for the 2003 Broadway revival of \"Nine\". Masterson was born in Manhattan, the daughter of writer-director-actor-producer Peter Masterson and singer-actress Carlin Glynn. She has", "title": "Mary Stuart Masterson" }, { "id": "14255538", "text": "Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return is a 2013 American-Indian 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film that is loosely based on the book \"Dorothy of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum's great-grandson Roger Stanton Baum. It was directed by Daniel St. Pierre and Will Finn. The film stars the voices of Lea Michele, Dan Aykroyd, Jim Belushi, Kelsey Grammer, Hugh Dancy, Megan Hilty, Oliver Platt, Patrick Stewart, Bernadette Peters, and Martin Short. The film premiered at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in France on June 14, 2013 and was released in the United States and Canada on", "title": "Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return" }, { "id": "20797612", "text": "Anne O'Neal Anne O'Neal (December 23, 1893 – November 24, 1971) was an American actress. She appeared in the films \"Strange Wives\", \"Bad Boy\", \"The Captain's Kid\", \"Stand-In\", \"Of Human Hearts\", \"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\", \"The Monster and the Girl\", \"Mr. District Attorney\", \"Blossoms in the Dust\", \"H. M. Pulham, Esq.\", \"Dr. Kildare's Victory\", \"In Old California\", \"Henry and Dizzy\", \"The Postman Didn't Ring\", \"The Magnificent Ambersons\", \"The Sombrero Kid\", \"The Man in the Trunk\", \"The Great Gildersleeve\", \"Henry Aldrich Gets Glamour\", \"Mexican Spitfire's Blessed Event\", \"I Dood It\", \"Swing Fever\", \"The Falcon and the Co-eds\", \"In Old Oklahoma\",", "title": "Anne O'Neal" }, { "id": "2493086", "text": "\"Boomerang\". She appeared alongside Tim Curry in the 2001 film \"Wolf Girl\". For her work in \"Conan the Destroyer\", \"A View to a Kill\", and \"Vamp\", she was nominated for Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actress. In 1999, Jones ranked 82nd on VH1's \"100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll\", and in 2008, she was honored with a Q Idol Award. Jones influenced the cross-dressing movement of the 1980s and has been an inspiration for artists including Annie Lennox, Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Lorde, Róisín Murphy, Brazilian Girls, Nile Rodgers, Santigold, and Basement Jaxx. In December 2016, \"Billboard magazine\" ranked her", "title": "Grace Jones" } ]

[ "David Timothy Scarboro" ]

[ { "id": "5216698", "text": "Mark Fowler Mark Fowler is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". Mark, an original regular character when the series started in February 1985, became a semi-regular after his original portrayer David Scarboro was written out of the role in April 1985. Scarboro made brief returns to the role in 1986 and 1987. Scarboro died in April 1988, and the role was recast in 1990, with former Grange Hill regular Todd Carty taking on the role. From this point the character was a permanent fixture in the series and Carty remained in the role until the character was", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "5983799", "text": "David Scarboro David Timothy Scarboro (3 February 1968 – 27 April 1988) was an English actor who was best known for portraying Mark Fowler in the popular British soap opera \"EastEnders\" from the programme's inception in February until April 1985 before appearing intermittently between 1986 and 1987. Scarboro made his acting debut in an episode of the television series \"Scene\" titled \"Good Neighbours\" which aired in 1984. That same year he appeared as a student in episodes of the school drama series \"Grange Hill\". From its inception in February 1985 until April of that same year, Scarboro played the part", "title": "David Scarboro" }, { "id": "5983804", "text": "Todd Carty. The character continued in \"EastEnders\" as a regular character until 2003, when the character was written out of the series and died off-screen the following year. David Scarboro David Timothy Scarboro (3 February 1968 – 27 April 1988) was an English actor who was best known for portraying Mark Fowler in the popular British soap opera \"EastEnders\" from the programme's inception in February until April 1985 before appearing intermittently between 1986 and 1987. Scarboro made his acting debut in an episode of the television series \"Scene\" titled \"Good Neighbours\" which aired in 1984. That same year he appeared", "title": "David Scarboro" }, { "id": "7357625", "text": "Smith just after the show's inception in 1985, making his first appearance in October that year. According to Smith, Simon was thought up overnight as a means to restore the cast balance distorted by the unexpected departure from the serial of actor David Scarboro who played the original Mark Fowler (who would appear on and off until the actor's suicide in 1988). Scarboro's departure meant many of his functions as the slightly eldest of the young characters would need to be taken over by another character and thus Wicksy was invented. Simon Wicks was associated with one of \"EastEnders\"' original", "title": "Simon Wicks" }, { "id": "3983032", "text": "original character Mark Fowler in the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 1990, following the death of the original actor, David Scarboro. Carty played the role for 13 years, becoming one of the longest-running male cast-members. In July 2002, the BBC announced that Mark Fowler was being written out of the serial, a mutual decision between the producers and Carty. Executive producer Louise Berridge said that Carty had made a \"fantastic contribution\" to the soap and Mark had been a \"pivotal figure\", but the character had finally run its course: \"Todd and I have discussed this at some length and", "title": "Todd Carty" }, { "id": "5216719", "text": "him that Mark has died of the AIDS-related illness, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. His body is returned to Walford and he is given a heart-felt send-off by the residents. Mark Fowler was one of the original twenty-three characters invented by the creators of \"EastEnders\", Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Mark was a member of the first family of \"EastEnders\", the Beales and Fowlers, and Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Mark's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, \"EastEnders: The", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "5887047", "text": "(1982), where he played the Austrian Jew, Erich Gottlieb. Fenton is best known for playing Dr. Harold Legg, one of the original characters from the BBC soap opera, \"EastEnders\". The character appeared from the show's inception in 1985 until 1997, returning for brief stints in 2000, 2004 and 2007. The character was originally one of the main focal points of the programme, but after 1989 he became less central. After the character's retirement in 1997, Fenton's appearances in \"EastEnders\" have been fewer and further between. He made a single appearance in 2004 at the funeral of Mark Fowler, and most", "title": "Leonard Fenton" }, { "id": "4537921", "text": "minor parts on television, film, and stage until his big break playing Simon 'Wicksy' Wicks in the popular BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", joining the series shortly after its inception in 1985 and staying until the end of 1990. Berry's character was thought up overnight and had been scheduled to appear later. However, he was introduced to restore the cast balance distorted by the unexpected departure of actor David Scarboro who played the original Mark Fowler. Scarboro's departure meant many of his functions as one of the senior of the young characters would need to be taken over by another character", "title": "Nick Berry" }, { "id": "5216724", "text": "a character and a story approximately a year before it had been originally intended. Scarboro returned to the show briefly in December 1985 in a storyline that saw Mark's parents, Pauline (Wendy Richard) and Arthur (Bill Treacher) search for him in Southend. The storyline's intention was to help highlight the problems some parents face when their teenage children disappear from home. He returned again for brief stints in 1986 and 1987. His final appearance as Mark was on Christmas Day 1987. However, the actor was never to make a full-time return and Scarboro committed suicide in 1988. Subsequently, the role", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "5216732", "text": "that the late EastEnders star Wendy Richard was like a mother to him. \"When I was filming my goodbye scenes, those tears were real. Seeing Wendy break down was one of the most poignant moments. The whole day was so emotional - I had to hold it together and stay strong for Wendy\". Carty had also told the \"Daily Mirror\" that the pair had struck up a 20-year friendship after they were cast. Mark Fowler Mark Fowler is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". Mark, an original regular character when the series started in February 1985, became", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "6541525", "text": "Sean (Oliver Bradley). He rescues Mo and Sean and returns for Trevor, reaching him just as a petrol can explodes, killing them both instantly. The character was introduced in 2002 by executive producer John Yorke as part of Sharon Watts's (Letitia Dean) returning storyline to \"EastEnders\". Despite first appearing in April 2002, the character was given a backstory linking him with several original characters in the series, a childhood acquaintance of Sharon, Mark Fowler (Todd Carty) and Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt). Irish actor Colm Ó Maonlaí won the role after the casting director remembered him from a previous audition. Five", "title": "Tom Banks (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "4688030", "text": "Bill Treacher Bill Treacher (born 4 June 1930) is a retired English actor. He is best known for playing Arthur Fowler on the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", for 11 years from 1985 to 1996. He was the first person on the show to be cast. Treacher grew up in the East End of London. After his national service in the Royal Air Force, he worked as a steward with P&O, where he saved enough money to attend drama school. After graduating from the prestigious Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, he made his West End debut in 1963 with the", "title": "Bill Treacher" }, { "id": "5216721", "text": "to their vision of the character was uncanny, so they offered him the role. Mark was originally scripted to be a wayward delinquent and was due to feature heavily within the first year of the series. However, as soon as the regular gruelling schedule of \"EastEnders\" production established itself, it became clear that Scarboro was not happy in the role. The stress of the heavy workload and the sudden fame that came to all the actors became difficult for him to cope with. He became unhappy with the schedule and his scripts and refused to play Mark as a racist", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "9277002", "text": "Ruth Fowler Ruth Fowler (also Aitken) is a fictional character from the popular British BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Caroline Paterson from 1994 to 1999. Ruth is Mark Fowler (Todd Carty)'s second wife and she is far more comfortable with his HIV status than many of his other girlfriends. However, their marriage eventually disintegrates due to Mark's habit of shutting her out and his inability to give Ruth a child. They split and she strays with Mark's cousin, Conor Flaherty (Seán Gleeson). Her betrayal deeply hurts Mark but it also gives her the chance to be a mother as", "title": "Ruth Fowler" }, { "id": "7357615", "text": "Simon Wicks Simon \"Wicksy\" Wicks is a fictional character from the British BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Nick Berry between 1985 and 1990. Wicksy was introduced to take on some of the more adult storylines that had been scripted for another character, Mark Fowler; Mark's actor, David Scarboro, had left the serial prematurely due to personal problems. Wicksy was the soap's first male pin-up. An early storyline saw Wicksy perform a song in the serial, \"Every Loser Wins\", which was subsequently released as a single in 1986 and reached number one in the UK Singles Chart. One of Wicksy's", "title": "Simon Wicks" }, { "id": "9437207", "text": "Gary Hailes Gary Hailes (born 4 November 1965 in London) is an English actor. Hales attended Holloway School. During the 1980s he starred in several successful television series, including \"Woodentop\", \"Grange Hill\" and the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", where he played Barry Clark from 1986-89. He originally auditioned for the role of Mark Fowler when the series began in 1985, but the role went to David Scarboro instead. Hailes' character was notable for being one half of the soap's first gay couple, introduced as the partner of the yuppie graphic designer, Colin Russell (played by Michael Cashman). In 1987, Hailes'", "title": "Gary Hailes" }, { "id": "19132779", "text": "Martin Fowler (EastEnders) Martin Fowler is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". The character was played by Jon Peyton-Price from the character's introduction 1985 until 1996, and by James Alexandrou from 1996 until 2007. In October 2014, it was announced that series producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins decided to reintroduce Martin, with the role being recast to James Bye and Martin returned on 5 December 2014. Martin's first stint on the show included a relationship with Sonia Fowler (Natalie Cassidy), running over Jamie Mitchell (Jack Ryder), becoming a father to Bex Fowler and coping when his brother Mark Fowler", "title": "Martin Fowler (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "9436718", "text": "chosen to play the role. Hailes was known to \"EastEnders\" co-creators, Tony Holland and Julia Smith, as he had previously attended auditions in 1984 for the role of Mark Fowler, but had been unsuccessful - the role went to David Scarboro instead. A relationship between Colin and Barry was quickly developed and the residents of Albert Square gossiped in hushed voices about the true nature of their friendship. In 1987 \"EastEnders\" was responsible for screening the first ever gay kiss in a UK soap, much to the outrage of the viewing public. A small kiss on the forehead, given to", "title": "Barry Clark (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "127714", "text": "These episodes often air in late June or early July and again in late October or early November. The first time this happened was in December 1985 when Pauline (Wendy Richard) and Arthur Fowler (Bill Treacher) travelled to the Southend-on-Sea to find their son Mark, who had run away from home. In 1986, \"EastEnders\" filmed overseas for the first time, in Venice, and this was also the first time it was not filmed on videotape, as a union rule at the time prevented producers taking a video crew abroad and a film crew had to be used instead. In 2011,", "title": "EastEnders" }, { "id": "7357644", "text": "said that Simon was a \"cockney hero\". He said his return was a \"blast from the distant EastEnders past\" and branded it \"another dumb stunt\". Simon Wicks Simon \"Wicksy\" Wicks is a fictional character from the British BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Nick Berry between 1985 and 1990. Wicksy was introduced to take on some of the more adult storylines that had been scripted for another character, Mark Fowler; Mark's actor, David Scarboro, had left the serial prematurely due to personal problems. Wicksy was the soap's first male pin-up. An early storyline saw Wicksy perform a song in the", "title": "Simon Wicks" }, { "id": "4380837", "text": "supporter of The Meningitis Trust and she has also been involved in the Comic Relief fundraising event. She is close friends with Letitia Dean, who played her best friend Sharon Watts in \"EastEnders\". Tully was a bridesmaid at Dean's wedding to Jason Pethers in 2002. Susan Tully Susan Tully (born 20 October 1967 in Highgate, London) is an English television producer, director and former actress. Her most prominent television roles are those of single mother Michelle Fowler in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" and rebellious teenager Suzanne Ross in \"Grange Hill\". Tully played one of EastEnders' original characters, appearing in", "title": "Susan Tully" }, { "id": "127636", "text": "created the Beale and Fowler family, drawing on his own background. His mother, Ethel Holland, was one of four sisters raised in Walthamstow. Her eldest sister, Lou, had married a man named Albert Beale and had two children, named Peter and Pauline. These family members were the basis for Lou Beale, Pete Beale and Pauline Fowler. Holland also created Pauline's unemployed husband Arthur Fowler, their children Mark Fowler and Michelle Fowler, Pete's wife Kathy Beale and their son Ian Beale. Smith used her personal memories of East End residents she met when researching Victorian squares. Ethel Skinner was based on", "title": "EastEnders" }, { "id": "127692", "text": "racism and murder of Reg Cox, Arthur Fowler's unemployment reflecting the recession of the 1980s, the rape of Kathy Beale in 1988 by James Willmott-Brown and Michelle Fowler's teenage pregnancy. The show also dealt with prostitution, mixed-race relationships, shoplifting, sexism, divorce, domestic violence and mugging. In 1989, the programme came under criticism in the British media for being too depressing, and according to writer Colin Brake, the programme makers were determined to change this. In 1989, there was a deliberate attempt to increase the lighter, more comic aspects of life in Albert Square. This led to the introduction of some", "title": "EastEnders" }, { "id": "5216722", "text": "as was intended. Holland and Smith decided to write the character out of the show to allow the actor to come to terms with the situation better. On-screen, Mark was being implicated in the murder of Reg Cox (Johnnie Clayton) and was being tempted into heroin by Nick Cotton (John Altman). Fearing Nick Cotton and the police, Mark ran away from home in April 1985. As this had not been the original plan for the character, it meant a hectic period of re-writing early in 1985. The first fifty-odd scripts were reworked to accommodate this major change. Many of the", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "5983800", "text": "of Mark Fowler in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". The actor did not respond well to the sudden fame the role brought him, and later became very concerned when the writers decided that the character of Mark should become a racist. Things came to a head one day when the script called for a scene where Mark was to deliver racist abuse to Paul J. Medford's character, Kelvin Carpenter. Scarboro firmly refused to play the scene. After this it was decided he should leave the show. His character was abruptly written out of the storyline; one morning his family arose", "title": "David Scarboro" }, { "id": "8159217", "text": "the stairs of their home, and again in December 2008 to investigate allegations against Tony Gordon. She had a cameo role in the sixth season of \"Skins\" as the mother of Franky. She also appeared in \"River City\", as Sandra Devlin. Caroline Paterson Caroline Paterson (born 28 November 1965 in Kirkcaldy, Scotland) is a Scottish actress who has appeared in many Scottish television shows such as one-off STV drama, \"The Steamie\" and the BBC's \"Rab C. Nesbitt\". However, she is most recognized for her role in \"EastEnders\" as Mark Fowler's wife, Ruth. She also appeared as Patricia Cullen in BBC", "title": "Caroline Paterson" }, { "id": "127694", "text": "the show had lost a \"certain edge\". As the show progressed into the 1990s, \"EastEnders\" still featured hard-hitting issues such as Mark Fowler revealing he was HIV positive in 1991, the death of his wife Gill from an AIDS-related illness in 1992, murder, adoption, abortion, Peggy Mitchell's battle with breast cancer, and Phil Mitchell's alcoholism and violence towards wife Kathy. Mental health issues were confronted in 1996 when 16-year-old Joe Wicks developed schizophrenia following the off-screen death of his sister in a car crash. The long-running storyline of Mark Fowler's HIV was so successful in raising awareness that in 1999,", "title": "EastEnders" }, { "id": "8159216", "text": "Caroline Paterson Caroline Paterson (born 28 November 1965 in Kirkcaldy, Scotland) is a Scottish actress who has appeared in many Scottish television shows such as one-off STV drama, \"The Steamie\" and the BBC's \"Rab C. Nesbitt\". However, she is most recognized for her role in \"EastEnders\" as Mark Fowler's wife, Ruth. She also appeared as Patricia Cullen in BBC Scotland soap \"River City\".In 2005 she had a one episode appearance in the BAFTA award-winning BBC series Spooks as Jessica Mortimer. In 2008, Paterson appeared in \"Coronation Street\" as police detective D.C. Weller after David Platt pushed his mother, Gail down", "title": "Caroline Paterson" }, { "id": "4685553", "text": "Arthur Fowler Arthur Fowler is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Bill Treacher from 1985 to 1996. The father of the Fowler family, Arthur was essentially a good man, but he made some foolish choices and he always ended up paying dearly for them, also being bossed to the brink of insanity by his mother-in-law and wife, Lou Beale (Anna Wing) and Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard). During his time in Albert Square he had an affair with another woman, suffered with mental disorder, was sent to prison twice and eventually died of a brain haemorrhage", "title": "Arthur Fowler" }, { "id": "11114997", "text": "She promises to stay with him no matter what. Victor is the first character in \"EastEnders\" to be diagnosed as HIV positive, paving the way for the controversial virus to feature in a storyline surrounding a much higher profile character - Mark Fowler (Todd Carty) - a couple of years later. Ms. Martin, played by Karen Archer, is The Firm's solicitor who is employed to defend Den Watts' (Leslie Grantham) who is incarcerated in Dicken's Hill on remand for Arson. Gillie Hampton, played by Clare James, is the wife of prisoner Victor (Michael Brogan), who is in prison on remand", "title": "Dickens Hill" }, { "id": "4187279", "text": "James Alexandrou James Alekos Alexandrou (born 12 April 1985) is an English actor, best known for playing the character Martin Fowler in the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\". He was also the presenter of \"Bizarre Crime\" on BBC Three. Alexandrou was born in Hackney, London, to a Greek Cypriot father and an English mother. He has two sisters, one older, one a twin, as well as a younger brother. He was educated at Chingford Foundation School in Waltham Forest, as well as at Anna Scher Theatre School. Other notable former pupils of Chingford Foundation School include footballer David Beckham, and", "title": "James Alexandrou" }, { "id": "4187286", "text": "James Alexandrou James Alekos Alexandrou (born 12 April 1985) is an English actor, best known for playing the character Martin Fowler in the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\". He was also the presenter of \"Bizarre Crime\" on BBC Three. Alexandrou was born in Hackney, London, to a Greek Cypriot father and an English mother. He has two sisters, one older, one a twin, as well as a younger brother. He was educated at Chingford Foundation School in Waltham Forest, as well as at Anna Scher Theatre School. Other notable former pupils of Chingford Foundation School include footballer David Beckham, and", "title": "James Alexandrou" }, { "id": "9277009", "text": "be a single parent and returns to Scotland, rejecting Mark and Conor as she leaves. Soon after, Conor and Mary leave Walford, looking for Ruth. Ruth was introduced in 1994 by Series Producer Barbara Emile as a love-interest for Mark Fowler (Todd Carty), who was HIV positive in the serial. Her storyline focused upon the marriage of the couple, and in particular the difficulties that they faced due to Mark's HIV status (Ruth was HIV negative). In 1998, executive producer Matthew Robinson axed a large number of characters from \"EastEnders\", among them Ruth Fowler. An \"EastEnders\" spokeswoman said, \"In any", "title": "Ruth Fowler" }, { "id": "7834172", "text": "on holiday in Norfolk and then gets involved with Matthew Rose (Joe Absolom) and Robbie Jackson (Dean Gaffney), before leaving Walford with her father, Conor, and his pregnant lover, Mark's wife Ruth Fowler (Caroline Paterson). They now live in Scotland. It was announced in July 1997 that Pauline Fowler's (Wendy Richard) long lost family were to be introduced into \"EastEnders\". Melanie Clark Pullen secured the role and made her first appearance on 22 September 1997. There were hints that the character would move to Albert Square in the future, which is what ultimately happened. Richie Taylor of the \"Daily Mirror\"", "title": "Mary Flaherty (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "4688039", "text": "live in Suffolk. In 2015, Treacher admitted to the press he is suffering from ataxia, a degenerative disease that hinders balance and the ability to walk. Treacher said as a result he was fully retired: \"I'm not doing any work now. I can't bloody well walk.\" Bill Treacher Bill Treacher (born 4 June 1930) is a retired English actor. He is best known for playing Arthur Fowler on the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", for 11 years from 1985 to 1996. He was the first person on the show to be cast. Treacher grew up in the East End of London.", "title": "Bill Treacher" }, { "id": "19675366", "text": "of young businessman Tom Waterhouse, a name which turned out to be an alias, his real name being Joseph Tate. Ned Porteous Ned Porteous (born 7 July 1994) is a British actor. He is best known for playing the guest role of Mark Fowler in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" and the role of Joseph Tate in the ITV soap opera \"Emmerdale\". Porteous made his acting debut during an episode of the BBC medical drama \"Holby City\" as Rufus Lucas on 15 September 2015. He then featured in a 13-episode stint in the BBC soap \"EastEnders\" as Mark Fowler between", "title": "Ned Porteous" }, { "id": "6541521", "text": "Tom Banks (EastEnders) Tom Banks is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Colm Ó Maonlaí from 23 April to 1 November 2002. Introduced in April 2002 as a love interest for Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean), producers made the decision to axe the character and he was killed off in November 2002. The character was allegedly popular with female viewers who voted him the eighth sexiest male character to appear in \"EastEnders\" in a 2005 poll. Tom was a Merchant Marine who was friends with Mark Fowler and Sharon Watts when they were children. He also", "title": "Tom Banks (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "3983029", "text": "Todd Carty Todd Carty (born 31 August 1963) is an English actor and director, who has grown up on television screens in a variety of roles. His stage work has varied from pantomime to serious drama, as well as radio plays, voiceovers, commercials, narrations and films. He is best known for his roles as Tucker Jenkins in \"Grange Hill\", Mark Fowler in \"EastEnders\", and psychopathic policeman Gabriel Kent in \"The Bill\". Carty was born in London to Irish parents. He grew up in Kilburn, West Hampstead and Harrow on the Hill, London. He has two sisters named Billie Joe and", "title": "Todd Carty" }, { "id": "4380833", "text": "Susan Tully Susan Tully (born 20 October 1967 in Highgate, London) is an English television producer, director and former actress. Her most prominent television roles are those of single mother Michelle Fowler in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" and rebellious teenager Suzanne Ross in \"Grange Hill\". Tully played one of EastEnders' original characters, appearing in the first episode on 19 February 1985 and remaining central to the series until 1995. Tully then gave up acting to work behind the camera and has directed and produced British television programmes since then. She appeared as herself in the 2011 documentary \"Anna\", about", "title": "Susan Tully" }, { "id": "5216730", "text": "of storylines including two failed marriages, which were scripted to highlight the difficulties that can occur in a relationship when one partner has HIV and the other does not. Ultimately Mark overcame the stigma and he enjoyed several years of happy, healthy living before finally succumbing to an AIDS-related illness and dying in April 2004 off-screen. \"EastEnders\" executive producer Louise Berridge said Carty had made a \"fantastic contribution\" to the soap and Mark has been a \"pivotal figure\" on Albert Square, but the character had finally run its course. Campaigners have since suggested that Mark's HIV storyline could have been", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "9277014", "text": "the High Road\"], characters we love to hate. We just hate poor Ruth.\" He suggested that Ruth had very few \"strong\" storylines. He called for the character to be killed off so that she would not return again and stated that like viewers, Ruth's husband Mark \"deserves a break, a nicer woman who doesn't make us Scots sound like moaning minnies.\" Actress Caroline Paterson was also critical of her character upon leaving, denouncing her as dreary and saying \"Good riddance, Ruth.\" Ruth Fowler Ruth Fowler (also Aitken) is a fictional character from the popular British BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played", "title": "Ruth Fowler" }, { "id": "19675365", "text": "Ned Porteous Ned Porteous (born 7 July 1994) is a British actor. He is best known for playing the guest role of Mark Fowler in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" and the role of Joseph Tate in the ITV soap opera \"Emmerdale\". Porteous made his acting debut during an episode of the BBC medical drama \"Holby City\" as Rufus Lucas on 15 September 2015. He then featured in a 13-episode stint in the BBC soap \"EastEnders\" as Mark Fowler between 11 August and 9 September 2016. On 13 September 2017, he started in the ITV soap \"Emmerdale\" playing the part", "title": "Ned Porteous" }, { "id": "6461444", "text": "Beale family The Beales, together with the Fowlers, are a fictional family in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". They were the main family for storylines in early \"EastEnders\" and remained as such for many years. Having appeared continuously from episode one, they are the show's longest serving family. In 2004 Peter Beale and Lucy Beale were recast to give them a more mature look. In 2007, there were few members of the Beale family left and no Fowlers, so the family were revamped. Peter was recast again. Ian Beale started a relationship with Jane Beale and Steven Beale also returned.", "title": "Beale family" }, { "id": "6461398", "text": "Beale family The Beales, together with the Fowlers, are a fictional family in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". They were the main family for storylines in early \"EastEnders\" and remained as such for many years. Having appeared continuously from episode one, they are the show's longest serving family. In 2004 Peter Beale and Lucy Beale were recast to give them a more mature look. In 2007, there were few members of the Beale family left and no Fowlers, so the family were revamped. Peter was recast again. Ian Beale started a relationship with Jane Beale and Steven Beale also returned.", "title": "Beale family" }, { "id": "5516837", "text": "of 1963 which brought him to the attention of Walter Lucas, the adjudicator and then director of the British Drama League, who helped him to leave the Navy and start in repertory theatre. Leslie Schofield Leslie Schofield (born 12 December 1938) is an English actor who is most famous in the UK for his role as Jeff Healy in the popular soap opera \"EastEnders\", whom he played from 1997 to 2000. His character was famous for unsuccessfully proposing to Pauline Fowler (played by Wendy Richard). He also appeared in \"EastEnders\" briefly in 1988 and 1989 playing a different character named", "title": "Leslie Schofield" }, { "id": "11290686", "text": "and Martin Fowler (James Alexandrou), Mark's wife Ruth Fowler (Caroline Paterson), nephew Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) and his daughter Lucy Beale (Casey Anne Rothery). Speaking about their trip to Dublin, actress Wendy Richard who played Pauline said \"It's nice to be in Dublin for a change. It's not like London at all, where they take you a little bit for granted\", and Todd Carty, who played her screen son Mark, said \"It's also really nice to get out of Albert Square for a while to do something different.\" A number of Irish actors were cast as Pauline's long-lost relatives, many", "title": "EastEnders episodes in Ireland" }, { "id": "16161816", "text": "who felt that Marsden's habit of discussing investigation details with suspects (as her colleagues accepted bribes) did not properly represent their profession. In response, the BBC said it had sought advice from a police consultant for storylines involving Marsden. Marsden first arrives in Albert Square in March 2001, investigating Phil Mitchell's shooting in her first case as detective chief inspector. She identifies the five main suspects: Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt), Dan Sullivan (Craig Fairbrass), Steve Owen (Martin Kemp), Mark Fowler (Todd Carty) and Lisa Shaw (Lucy Benjamin). Marsden arrests Dan for the shooting, although he is later acquitted due to", "title": "Jill Marsden (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "127673", "text": "trouble. Co-creator Tony Holland was from a large East End family, and such families have typified \"EastEnders\". The first central family was the combination of the Fowler family, consisting of Pauline Fowler, her husband Arthur, and teenage children Mark and Michelle. Pauline's family, the Beales, consisted of Pauline's twin brother Pete Beale, his wife Kathy and their teenage son Ian. Pauline and Pete's domineering mother Lou Beale lived with Pauline and her family. Holland drew on the names of his own family for the characters. The Watts and Mitchell families have been central to many notable \"EastEnders\" storylines, the show", "title": "EastEnders" }, { "id": "5216786", "text": "Pauline Fowler Pauline Fowler is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", a long-running serial drama about working class life in the fictional London borough of Walford. She was played by actress Wendy Richard between the first episode on 19 February 1985 and 25 December 2006. Pauline was created by scriptwriter Tony Holland and producer Julia Smith as one of \"EastEnders' \"original characters. She made her debut in the soap's first episode on 19 February 1985, and remained for twenty-one years and ten months, making her the second longest-running original character, surpassed only by her nephew, Ian Beale", "title": "Pauline Fowler" }, { "id": "6613337", "text": "Cathy Murphy Catherine McKevitt Murphy (born 7 August 1967) is a British actress. She is known for her television roles as Tilly Watkins in the BBC drama \"The House of Eliott\" (1991–94), Cheryl Barker in the Channel 5 soap opera \"Family Affairs\" (2003–04), and as Julie Perkins in the BBC soap opera \"Eastenders\" (2010–11). Born in Essex, England. Murphy studied at the Sylvia Young Theatre School. She played the role of Lorna in 1991, a love interest of Mark Fowler in soap opera \"EastEnders\". In 2005 she returned to play the recurring role of Trisha Taylor. She had earlier played", "title": "Cathy Murphy" }, { "id": "3980342", "text": "Lucy Benjamin Lucy Benjamin (born Lucy Jane Baker, 25 June 1970) is an English actress. From 1998 to 2003 she played Lisa Fowler in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". Born in Reading, Berkshire, England, she took the stage name of Benjamin after her brother. Benjamin trained at the Redroofs Theatre School in Maidenhead. Her first acting role was as a child actress in \"Doctor Who\" in 1983, playing a younger version of the character Nyssa in \"Mawdryn Undead\". She had one line of dialogue but remained uncredited both on-screen and in \"Radio Times\" for the role. In 1989, she starred", "title": "Lucy Benjamin" }, { "id": "5216791", "text": "setup of a woman named Lou Beale, with twin children Pete and Pauline, was recreated on-screen as the first family of \"EastEnders\", the Beales and Fowlers. Pauline's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appears in an abridged form in their book, \"EastEnders: The Inside Story\". From the beginning, Smith considered the role ideal for Wendy Richard, with whom she had worked on the 1960s BBC soap, \"The Newcomers\"; Holland and Smith decided to approach her about the role, even though their casting policy was not to use \"stars\"—Richard was already well known in the UK for playing", "title": "Pauline Fowler" }, { "id": "127689", "text": "a reputation for making constant exits and returns since the programme's first year, until the character's death in 2015. , Adam Woodyatt, Leonard Fenton, Gillian Taylforth and Letitia Dean are the only members of the original cast remaining in the show, in their roles of Ian Beale, Harold Legg, Kathy Beale and Sharon Watts respectively. However, Fenton has only returned for a guest stint and will make his departure in the coming months. Ian Beale is the only character to have appeared continuously from the first episode without officially leaving, and is the longest-serving character in \"EastEnders\". \"EastEnders\" programme makers", "title": "EastEnders" }, { "id": "18833955", "text": "James Bye (actor) James Edward Bye (born 23 February 1984) is an English actor, perhaps best known for his role of Martin Fowler in \"EastEnders\" since 2014. Bye was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England to Pauline (née Carter) and Leonard Bye and is the older brother of Amy Scarlett Wallace (née Bye). Bye attended The Hurst Community College- a secondary school in Baughurst. He later went on to study at Queen Mary's College in Basingstoke Bye's first acting appearance was in \"The Bill\" as Tom Burrows in 2006. he later went on to appear in \"Cemetery Junction\" in 2010 credited", "title": "James Bye (actor)" }, { "id": "4685566", "text": "in Albert Square; the dedication is entitled \"Arthur Fowler: He loved this place\". In 2007, after Pauline's death, Dot Cotton (June Brown) buries her ashes at Arthur's grave. In 2015, Martin names his son with Stacey Fowler after his father, though it emerges that he is actually the son of Kush Kazemi. Arthur Fowler was one of the original twenty-three characters invented by the creators of \"EastEnders\", Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Arthur was a member of the first family of \"EastEnders\", the Beales and Fowlers, and Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his", "title": "Arthur Fowler" }, { "id": "6034466", "text": "for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Pete was based on one of his cousins, the twin brother to Pauline and son of Holland's aunt Lou; a family set-up that would eventually be recreated on-screen and would go on to be forever hailed as the first family of \"EastEnders\", the Beales and Fowlers. Pete's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, \"EastEnders: The Inside Story\": \"Pete runs a fruit and veg stall in the market...married very young to Pat (Pam St. Clement) -", "title": "Pete Beale" }, { "id": "5216727", "text": "most memorable episodes of 1992. In his book, \"EastEnders: The First Ten Years\" Blake comments, \"Although in many ways the episode was sad and downbeat it was not without its positive aspects, as Mark talked to his sister about his own mortality.\" Susanna Dawson, the actress who played Gill, found the experience of playing a person living with, and dying from, AIDS so intense that she co-produced an educational video based on the subject for use in schools and wrote a book, \"The Gill and Mark Story\", to accompany it. Mark became the first mainstream soap character to be diagnosed", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "6034453", "text": "Pete Beale Pete Beale is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Peter Dean. He makes his first appearance in the programme's first episode, on 19 February 1985. The character was introduced by Tony Holland, one of the creators of \"EastEnders\"; he was based on a member of Holland's family. Pete is featured in the soap for eight years as the local fruit and veg trader of Albert Square; he is a member of the original focal clan in the serial, the Beales and Fowlers. Pete is portrayed as a macho and somewhat insensitive individual who", "title": "Pete Beale" }, { "id": "4685567", "text": "own London family and background. Arthur's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, \"EastEnders: The Inside Story\". Bill Treacher was the first actor Holland and Smith had thought of to play the character, in fact, Arthur had almost been invented with him in mind. Both had worked with Treacher before on the popular BBC drama \"Z-Cars\". His qualities as an actor were exactly the ones they wanted for the \"very difficult\" part of Arthur: \"Warmth, directness and an ability to be convincingly ordinary without being dull\". Treacher admitted in 2015", "title": "Arthur Fowler" }, { "id": "3019852", "text": "Wendy Richard Wendy Richard, (born Wendy Emerton, 20 July 1943 – 26 February 2009) was an English actress best known for playing the roles of Miss Shirley Brahms on \"Are You Being Served?\" and Pauline Fowler on \"EastEnders,\" the latter for nearly 22 years. Until the onscreen death of her \"EastEnders\" character in December 2006, she was one of only two original cast members of that programme to appear continuously from the first episode in 1985, along with Adam Woodyatt, who played her on-screen nephew Ian Beale. She died on 26 February 2009 at the Harley Street clinic where she", "title": "Wendy Richard" }, { "id": "5869980", "text": "comes to an end when he punches Steve before fleeing for Rio, Brazil. In November 1999, on a trip to Brighton with Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen), Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks), Sam Mitchell (Danniella Westbrook) and Mark Fowler (Todd Carty), Steve has sex with Mel, even though she has now become engaged to Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt). In February 2000, Matthew's conviction is quashed on appeal, and he takes revenge on Steve, tying him to a chair in the E20, chucking petrol over him and threatening to incinerate him. Steve is reduced to a desperate, helpless wreck, at which point Matthew", "title": "Steve Owen (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "4688031", "text": "comedy \"Shout for Life\" at The Vaudeville Theatre. Several successful West End roles followed. Treacher then moved into television drama, making guest appearances in a number of classic series of the 1970s including \"Grange Hill\", \"Dad's Army\", \"Minder\", \"The Sweeney\", \"The Professionals\", \"Dixon of Dock Green\", \"Z-Cars\" and \"The Agatha Christie Hour\". In late 1984, he was the first actor to be cast in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", appearing in the first episode on 19 February 1985 as Arthur Fowler, a role he played for the next 11 years. In fact the co-creators, Tony Holland and Julia Smith, had", "title": "Bill Treacher" }, { "id": "5913317", "text": "Vicki Fowler Vicki Fowler is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Emma Herry from the character's birth in 1986 to 1988, Samantha Leigh Martin from 1988 to 1995, and Scarlett Alice Johnson from 2003 to 2004. She is the daughter of Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully) and Den Watts (Leslie Grantham). The character is born in the serial, conceived in a controversial storyline about teenage pregnancy. Exploiting a whodunnit angle, at the time of the first showing, viewers were not initially told who was the father, and press interest in the fledgling show escalated as journalists", "title": "Vicki Fowler" }, { "id": "6461407", "text": "in life and make her parents proud, but it’s this determination that will be the making or undoing of her\". Ross Kemp returned to EastEnders for a brief stint as Grant Mitchell in 2016. Mark Fowler, the son of Michelle and Grant was introduced, 20 years after his off-screen birth, played by Ned Porteous. Michelle returned to the show in December 2016, with Jenna Russell taking on the role. Before the show began, the Beale family consisted of head of the family Albert, his wife Lou Beale, and their six children, Harry, Ronnie, Dora, Kenny, and twins Pauline and Pete", "title": "Beale family" }, { "id": "7589548", "text": "Judith Jacob Judith Jacob (born 13 December 1961) is a British actress best known for her role as the health visitor Carmel Roberts in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", a role she played from 1986 to 1989. During her period in Albert Square, her character suffered from severe marital abuse and her husband's attempted murder and eventual separation. Jacob attended London’s Anna Scher Theatre. Two of her classmates were also future \"EastEnders\" actors, Susan Tully (who played Michelle Fowler) and Phil Daniels (as Kevin Wicks). Before landing her role on \"EastEnders\", Jacob was a co-founder of the Black Theatre Co-op", "title": "Judith Jacob" }, { "id": "7385997", "text": "higher density in the north of England, in the 1891 Census of England and Wales. Meanwhile, in 19th Century United States, \"Fowler\" appears in every surveyed state in both the 1880 US Census and 1840 US Census, showing a higher concentration in New York state in each case. Several characters in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" share the \"Fowler\" surname: Fowler (surname) Fowler is an English and/or Scots surname with a linguistic origin in the Old English \"fugelere\", indicative of a person occupied as a bird-catcher. The \"Fowler\" surname evolved from an original use of \"Fugelere\" in the early 13th", "title": "Fowler (surname)" }, { "id": "4979778", "text": "Dot Cotton Dorothy 'Dot' Branning (also Cotton) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera, \"EastEnders\", played by June Brown since 1985. Dot first appeared in \"EastEnders\" in July 1985 as the mother of criminal Nick Cotton (John Altman). The character has worked as a launderette assistant for most of that time along with original character Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard). Dot moved away with her son and his family in 1993. In reality, Brown left the show in 1993, unhappy with the axing of her co star Peter Dean, who played Pete Beale from the shows first episode to", "title": "Dot Cotton" }, { "id": "5216851", "text": "I'm certain millions didn't tune in to say farewell to sour- faced Pauline. No, they were just checking to make sure she was really dead.\" To mark Pauline's 22-year reign in \"EastEnders\", Wendy Richard was awarded with a 'Lifetime Achievement' award at the British Soap Awards in May 2007. The award was presented by Todd Carty, who played her on-screen son Mark. Carty described Richard as the \"heart and soul of \"EastEnders\"\" and hailed her as an inspiration to everyone in the \"EastEnders\" cast. Richard was moved to tears when she collected the award. When the series was launching in", "title": "Pauline Fowler" }, { "id": "7558314", "text": "eventually split and Saeed moved to Bangladesh. He departed on Boxing Day 1985, making him the first \"EastEnders\" character to permanently leave the series (Mark Fowler had departed in April that year, but would make several returns to the series, eventually returning on a permanent basis). Johnson spoke out about the \"contentious storylines\" his character was involved with at the time, commenting, \"I felt the scripts could damage race relations. Most people know nothing about Asians. Too many think they're greasy, horrible people who take jobs that Brits should have.\" Saeed Jeffery Saeed Jeffery is a fictional character from the", "title": "Saeed Jeffery" }, { "id": "6543793", "text": "wasn’t going to do it for anyone else. To galvanise Pat we had to lose Roy. But I wish now we’d found some other way. Roy had a stability about him that we needed, and losing both him and Mark Fowler (Todd Carty) within a year left us a kind of moral hole in the centre of the show. Those older ‘good’ characters have a role that extends far beyond the immediate gratification of story – as Lou Beale did in the past.\" Roy Evans (EastEnders) Roy Evans is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by", "title": "Roy Evans (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "19132824", "text": "2017, Ryan was cast as Woody Woodward. Martin Fowler (EastEnders) Martin Fowler is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". The character was played by Jon Peyton-Price from the character's introduction 1985 until 1996, and by James Alexandrou from 1996 until 2007. In October 2014, it was announced that series producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins decided to reintroduce Martin, with the role being recast to James Bye and Martin returned on 5 December 2014. Martin's first stint on the show included a relationship with Sonia Fowler (Natalie Cassidy), running over Jamie Mitchell (Jack Ryder), becoming a father to Bex Fowler", "title": "Martin Fowler (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "3686830", "text": "in the world!\". Reflecting on her casting, Dean told the magazine, \"Woman\", in 2005: \"I was 16 when we started filming \"EastEnders\" and my contract was initially for eight weeks—none of us had any idea it would go on for so long. I nearly fainted when I saw Wendy Richard [who played Pauline Fowler] for the first time, because she was a really big name and I was in awe of her. Anita Dobson who played Angie Watts, [Sharon's] mum, took me under her wing.\" In the early days of \"EastEnders\", it was in Letitia Dean's contract that she was", "title": "Sharon Watts" }, { "id": "19132784", "text": "provided by Nick Cotton (John Altman), which leads to Martin's brother Mark (now Todd Carty) taking revenge and leaving Nick temporarily paralysed. Martin receives a six-month prison sentence after driving the car that hit Jamie, causing his death. However, he only serves two months, being let out early for good behaviour. Once released, Martin resumes his criminal lifestyle by robbing a shop, blackmailing Kareena Ferreira (Pooja Shah) and growing cannabis in his late father's shed, assisted by his best friend, Asif Malik (Ashvin Luximon). This leads to family friend Derek Harkinson (Ian Lavender) taking the blame when the police find", "title": "Martin Fowler (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "9573859", "text": "Benjamin Whitrow Benjamin John Whitrow (17 February 1937 – 28 September 2017) was an English actor. He was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor for his role as Mr Bennet in the 1995 BBC version of \"Pride and Prejudice\", and voiced the role of Fowler in the 2000 animated film \"Chicken Run\". His other film appearances include \"Quadrophenia\" (1979), \"Personal Services\" (1987) and \"Bomber\" (2009). Whitrow was born in Oxford, the son of Mary Alexandra (Flaunders) and Philip Whitrow. He attended the Dragon School, Tonbridge School, and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He served in the", "title": "Benjamin Whitrow" }, { "id": "19132823", "text": "turns to passion between them. On 12 October 2014, it was announced that James Bye has taken over the role. Executive producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins explained that the recast took place with Alexandrou's blessing. He also said, \"Our casting executive Julia Crampsie has found a genuine relatable London bloke in the talented James Byewe are sure that viewers old and new will soon warm to Martin Fowler's charms as he returns home to Walford.\" Lee Ryan also auditioned for the role of Martin in 2014 and read for the role with Lacey Turner, who portrays Martin's love interest Stacey Branning. In", "title": "Martin Fowler (EastEnders)" }, { "id": "3019859", "text": "film versions of \"On The Buses\" (1971), \"Bless This House\" (1972), and \"Are You Being Served?\" (1977). Richard subsequently found continued success as heroine and matriarch Pauline Fowler on the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders,\" a role she played from the first episode in 1985 until the character's death at Christmas 2006. On 10 July 2006, the BBC announced that Richard had decided to leave \"EastEnders\" after more than 20 years on the show. An interview with \"The Sun\" revealed that problems with the \"EastEnders\" storyline (primarily Pauline's marriage to Joe Macer) were the main cause of her departure. In 2007,", "title": "Wendy Richard" }, { "id": "5216729", "text": "get it right and, overall, I think they did - because it showed someone living with HIV, as opposed to dying of it.\" The storyline was widely applauded for the way it handled the plot and the following issues that the scriptwriters explored, from antiretroviral drugs, safe sex and prejudice. The storyline was so successful in raising awareness that a 1999 survey by the National AIDS Trust found teenagers got most of their information about HIV from the soap. The character of Mark remained in the show for a further 13 years after his reintroduction, and featured in an array", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "7255017", "text": "Lisa Fowler Lisa Fowler (also Shaw) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Lucy Benjamin. The character was introduced as a \"home-wrecking blonde\" by executive producer Matthew Robinson on 7 December 1998. Show scriptwriters and BBC controller of drama, Mal Young, doubted Benjamin's casting in the role. Lisa is characterised as \"a loyal, romantic Earth Mother\" who is \"feisty, independent and ambitious\". However, after a volatile relationship with Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden), Lisa became an \"eternal victim\". The characters became instrumental in one of \"EastEnders\" most highly publicised and anticipated storylines, dubbed Who Shot Phil?", "title": "Lisa Fowler" }, { "id": "7270681", "text": "Diane's own interest in art, which was demonstrated later in the year when she painted a mural on the side of the Butcher household. Actress Sophie Lawrence did research for the storyline among real homeless people. Subsequent storylines featuring Diane included involvement in the plight of pregnant runaway Disa, whom Diane brought back to Walford to bond with her baby—Disa had initially abandoned the baby on Diane's doorstep on Christmas Day 1990. The bulk of the character's narrative concerned a blossoming romance with one of \"EastEnders\"' original characters, Mark Fowler (Todd Carty), who returned to the serial as a regular", "title": "Diane Butcher" }, { "id": "4685578", "text": "leave the soap, Treacher was shocked that the show’s bosses chose to kill Arthur off. He has said: \"I certainly didn’t ask them to kill him. Oh no, because you never know, you might need to come back and earn a few grand.\" Treacher also stated in a 2003 interview that he was forced to resign from the show in the end due to the negative effect it was having on his health. Arthur Fowler Arthur Fowler is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Bill Treacher from 1985 to 1996. The father of the Fowler", "title": "Arthur Fowler" }, { "id": "6992097", "text": "family of \"EastEnders\", the Beales and Fowlers, and Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Michelle's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, \"EastEnders: The Inside Story\". Holland and Smith wanted the character to be feisty and emotionally strong. They had been introduced to the young actress Susan Tully when they attended an open evening at the Anna Scher Theatre School in North London. They were extremely impressed with her \"natural and unaffected\" acting abilities and felt she displayed", "title": "Michelle Fowler" }, { "id": "7589551", "text": "her mother's career path by also becoming an actress, and is now known as Aisha Jacob Williams. Judith Jacob Judith Jacob (born 13 December 1961) is a British actress best known for her role as the health visitor Carmel Roberts in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", a role she played from 1986 to 1989. During her period in Albert Square, her character suffered from severe marital abuse and her husband's attempted murder and eventual separation. Jacob attended London’s Anna Scher Theatre. Two of her classmates were also future \"EastEnders\" actors, Susan Tully (who played Michelle Fowler) and Phil Daniels (as", "title": "Judith Jacob" }, { "id": "7255033", "text": "featured in 1999 when she was paired romantically with Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden). Phil and Lisa's relationship started in 1999. The relationship was scripted as problematic and included storylines about miscarriage, emotional and mental abuse, and infidelity when Phil slept with Lisa's best friend, Mel, (Tamzin Outhwaite). One of \"EastEnders\"' most highly anticipated storylines involved the couple and has been dubbed \"Who Shot Phil?\". The plot saw Phil Mitchell gunned down outside his home in March 2001 in a \"Dallas\"-style whodunnit mystery. Various key characters were in the frame for the deed and viewers were left guessing for weeks as", "title": "Lisa Fowler" }, { "id": "9939832", "text": "\"Our Man at St Mark's\" (1965–66) opposite Donald Sinden and made several appearances on children's television during the 1970s, reading on \"Jackanory\" and hosting the series \"Get This\" and \"Going a Bundle\" with Kenny Lynch. He is also noted for having narrated Bob Godfrey Films' \"Great: Isambard Kingdom Brunel\" (1975), the first British cartoon to win an Academy Award. His familiar voice was regularly used for TV commercials. In 1975, Fowler took the part of Eric Lee Fung, described as \"a Chinese cockney spiv\", in \"The Melting Pot\", a sitcom written by Spike Milligan and Neil Shand. The series was", "title": "Harry Fowler" }, { "id": "4685576", "text": "that saw Pauline turn violent and hit Arthur in the face with a frying pan. This episode (written by Tony McHale and directed by Keith Boak) was chosen by writer Colin Brake as the episode of the year in \"EastEnders: The First Ten Years\". Arthur became one of \"EastEnders\" best loved characters, and his reputation as an eternal loser endeared him to viewers. In 1995 audiences were shocked and horrified when Arthur was framed for the embezzlement of the Flowering Wilderness Campaign funds and wrongfully imprisoned. There was a public outcry and a nationwide Free Arthur Fowler campaign was launched.", "title": "Arthur Fowler" }, { "id": "4187280", "text": "Sir Jonathan Ive, who is the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple Inc. Alexandrou's acting career began in 1996, when he auditioned successfully for the role of Martin Fowler in the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\". The character was created shortly after the show's inception in 1985, with the role becoming vacant following the departure of actor Jon Peyton Price in 1996. Alexandrou appeared as Grant in the short film \"Blessed Burden\" in 1999. In July 2003 he participated in a \"Soap Stars Special\" edition of \"The Weakest Link\". Over Christmas of 2005, Alexandrou starred in the crime caper, \"Who", "title": "James Alexandrou" }, { "id": "18833956", "text": "as \"Tough Guy in Club\". It was not until 2013 when Bye returned as a credited role in \"Hummingbird\" as \"Football Supporter 2\". Later in that same year, he starred in \"The Great Train Robbery\" as John Daley. The following year, he appeared in \"The Hooligan Factory\" as Pete the Killer. In October 2014, it was announced that Bye would be taking over the role of Martin Fowler in the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\". Since his debut in the show, his storylines have included: a relationship with Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner), believing that Stacey's son Arthur is his, having", "title": "James Bye (actor)" }, { "id": "6971205", "text": "John Altman (actor) John Jeremy Clarkson Stewart (born 2 March 1952), known as John Altman, is an English actor and singer, perhaps best known for playing Nick Cotton in the popular BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\". He was among the show's original cast members appearing in the very first episode in February 1985 and appeared on the show on and off as a recurring character. His character was killed off in the 30th anniversary episode of the show which aired in February 2015. Altman has also appeared in several films, television series and stage productions. In 2010, he became the new", "title": "John Altman (actor)" }, { "id": "7255059", "text": "why she hasn’t been there. I think she just hopes her daughter will need her and see she’s better off having her mum in her life.\" In 2002, a survey done by Whitaker's revealed that 11% of British people questioned could not name a single world leader, but nearly half could list five characters in \"EastEnders\". Most named was Phil Mitchell (44%), followed by Mark Fowler (40%), Pauline Fowler (30%), Peggy Mitchell (28%) and Lisa Fowler (24%). Television critic for the \"Daily Mirror\", Ian Hyland, has described Lisa as miserable, suggesting in 2002 that she was \"red-hot favourite to take", "title": "Lisa Fowler" }, { "id": "9667443", "text": "Schofield), \"Lovejoy\" and \"Only Fools and Horses\" (John Bardon), \"Bergerac\", \"Inspector Morse\" and \"Minder\" (Perry Fenwick), \"The Sweeney\" and \"Eldorado\" (Derek Martin), \"Are You Being Served?\" and \"Dad's Army\" (Wendy Richard), \"Parklife\" and \"Quadrophenia\" (Phil Daniels) and \"A Touch of Frost\" (Kyte). The comic book \"League of Extraordinary Gentlemen\" vol 1 #6 included characters named Mitchell and Watts (described as a \"dirty denizen of the East End\") in the Artful Dodger's gang in the late 19th century. EastEnders in popular culture Since its premiere in 1985, the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" has had a large impact on popular culture. A", "title": "EastEnders in popular culture" }, { "id": "11290685", "text": "Maggie was only the result of pre-marital sex between Lou and her husband-to-be, Albert Beale. Pauline and various members of the Fowler and Beale family travel to Ireland to reunite with their long-lost relatives in a special week of episodes. The episodes were filmed on location in the countryside around County Dublin, away from the soap's typical filming location in Borehamwood, England. They were filmed over a period of two weeks in July and August 1997, and were broadcast on 22, 23 and 25 September 1997. In the three episodes, Pauline is accompanied by her sons Mark Fowler (Todd Carty)", "title": "EastEnders episodes in Ireland" }, { "id": "6401065", "text": "café before leaving. Kathy Beale was one of the original twenty-three characters invented by the creators of \"EastEnders\", Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Kathy was a member of the first family of \"EastEnders\", the Beales and Fowlers. Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Kathy's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, \"EastEnders: The Inside Story\". Holland and Smith wanted Kathy to be attractive, warm, practical, tough, funny and sexy. More actresses were interviewed for the role of Kathy", "title": "Kathy Beale" }, { "id": "18833957", "text": "to cope with Stacey's bipolar disorder, suffering from a car crash with Arthur, and discovering that his character's friend Kush Kazemi (Davood Ghadami) is in fact Arthur's father. On 4 April 2012, Bye married Victoria Bye. On 21 October 2013, the couple welcomed their first child, a son, called Edward. Their second son, named Louis George, was born on 9 March 2016. James Bye (actor) James Edward Bye (born 23 February 1984) is an English actor, perhaps best known for his role of Martin Fowler in \"EastEnders\" since 2014. Bye was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England to Pauline (née Carter)", "title": "James Bye (actor)" }, { "id": "8532991", "text": "Who Shot Phil? \"Who Shot Phil?\" is a storyline of the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" which began on 1 March 2001 and climaxed on 5 April 2001. The storyline centres around one of \"EastEnders\"' longest running characters, Phil Mitchell (played by Steve McFadden). The build up to the storyline occurs throughout 2000-2001. The character becomes darker and a more menacing side to his personality begins to surface. Phil's behaviour thus earns him a number of sworn enemies in Albert Square. These include his former girlfriend Lisa Shaw, Lisa's new boyfriend Mark Fowler, his former step-son Ian Beale, former business partner", "title": "Who Shot Phil?" }, { "id": "5216723", "text": "stories intended for Mark were subsequently given to Kelvin Carpenter (Paul J. Medford), Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) and Mark's sister Michelle (Susan Tully) - which partially explains why her character became so prominent in the first year. It still left a gap though, because several of Mark's functions in the serial, as slightly the eldest of the youngsters, could not have been taken over by the others. A new character needed to be introduced to restore the balance to its original shape, which is why the character of Simon Wicks (Nick Berry) was introduced. This meant introducing the audience to", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "127683", "text": "the characters of Dot and Ethel, whose friendship was one of the serial's most enduring. Other examples include Paul Priestly and Trevor Short, Huw Edwards and Lenny Wallace, Shirley Carter and Heather Trott, Garry Hobbs and Minty Peterson, Denise Fox and Zainab Masood, Poppy Meadow and Jodie Gold and Peggy Mitchell and Pat Butcher. In 1989 especially, characters were brought in who were deliberately conceived as comic or light-hearted. Such characters included Julie Cooper—a brassy maneater; Marge Green—a batty older lady played by veteran comedy actress Pat Coombs; Trevor Short (Phil McDermott)—the \"village idiot\"; his friend, northern heartbreaker Paul Priestly", "title": "EastEnders" }, { "id": "5216720", "text": "Inside Story\". Several young actors were seen and read for the part of Mark (including Gary Hailes, who would later play the gay barrow boy, Barry Clark). On paper, David Scarboro was the least likely to get the job as he was relatively inexperienced, having previously only appeared in a little-known made-for-television film and \"Grange Hill\". His reading was not a huge success as he mumbled most of his lines. However, Holland and Smith were taken with his appearance, particularly his \"piercing eyes\", which reminded them of James Dean. They felt that he would be \"dynamite on-screen\", and his likeness", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "5216699", "text": "written out of the series in early 2003. Initially a delinquent teenager, he became a changed man when he was 22. His contracting HIV forced him to grow up fast and accept his responsibilities. He frequently found it difficult to accept the restrictions of the illness, which finally caused his death in April 2004. Mark is the elder son of Albert Square residents Arthur Fowler (Bill Treacher) and Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard). Initially, Mark gets involved in drugs with Nick Cotton (John Altman), attempts to join a racist organisation known as The New Movement, is a suspect in Reg Cox's", "title": "Mark Fowler" }, { "id": "5841203", "text": "Heights\". In January 2002, Berridge returned to \"EastEnders\" when she was appointed Series Producer of the show, and four months later she was promoted to Executive Producer. During her time there, she introduced characters, such as Alfie Moon, Dennis Rickman, Chrissie Watts, Jane Beale, Stacey Slater and the critically panned Indian Ferreira family. She axed several long standing characters including Mark Fowler and Roy Evans. Berridge was responsible for some ratings success stories, such as the Alfie/Kat love storyline, Janine Butcher leaving the show and getting her comeuppance, Jamie Mitchell's death and the return of one of the greatest soap", "title": "Louise Berridge" }, { "id": "7438215", "text": "with Dot's assistance. Lilly's backstory was revealed in her official biography on the BBC website, told from the character's perspective: In September 1999, Lilly Mattock became the 26th character to be axed from \"EastEnders\" by Matthew Robinson, less than a year after her arrival. The character was never given an official exit, and was just quietly dropped from the serial, making her last appearance on 2 September 1999. In the storyline she has an argument with flatmate Dot Cotton after blurting out in The Queen Victoria public house that Mark Fowler (Todd Carty) is HIV positive. A few weeks later,", "title": "Lilly Mattock" } ]

[ "Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim" ]

[ { "id": "13518794", "text": "Los Angeles Rams The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team based in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The Rams compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) West division. The Rams franchise has won three NFL championships and is the only franchise to win championships while representing three different cities (Cleveland in 1945, Los Angeles in 1951, and St. Louis in 1999). The Rams play their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California. The franchise began in 1936 as the Cleveland Rams,", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "13518899", "text": "two-hour post game show with Travis Rodgers, Morrison, and Davis, Jeff Biggs will cover the Rams during halftime. Source: Los Angeles Rams The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team based in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The Rams compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) West division. The Rams franchise has won three NFL championships and is the only franchise to win championships while representing three different cities (Cleveland in 1945, Los Angeles in 1951, and St. Louis in 1999). The Rams play their home games", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "10912220", "text": "later date. The Rams play their home games at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Exposition Park until their new stadium, Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, is completed in 2020. In 2017, the Chargers announced they would be leaving San Diego to rejoin the Rams as the second team. For 2017 through 2019, the Chargers are playing in Carson at the soccer-specific StubHub Center until the new shared stadium is complete. 2017 marked the first time since 1960 that the Rams and Chargers shared the same market and the first time since 1994 that the market had two", "title": "Sports in Los Angeles" }, { "id": "16192533", "text": "12 votes. After hours of searching to find a compromise, it was determined that the Rams would relocate to Los Angeles and the Chargers would have the option to join them, while the Raiders would have the option to join the Rams if the Chargers elected not to move. Until the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park has finished construction and is ready for use, the Rams are playing their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which had been home to the team for 33 seasons (1946–1979), and is currently also the home of the USC Trojans college", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "14500007", "text": "Rambelles' basketball teams, as well as the Rambelles' volleyball team, play at Stephens Arena located inside the Junell Center. The arena accommodates audiences of up to 6,500, the fourth largest in all NCAA Division II athletics, and features a 9x12 foot video screen, the largest of its kind in the Lone Star Conference. The Rams football team plays its home games at LeGrand Stadium at 1st Community Credit Union Field located behind the Junell Center. The rams football team moved there starting with the 2014 season and play their home games on campus for the first time in the school's", "title": "Angelo State Rams" }, { "id": "2469889", "text": "Angel Stadium Angel Stadium of Anaheim, originally known as Anaheim Stadium and later Edison International Field of Anaheim, is a modern-style ballpark located in Anaheim, California. Since its opening in 1966, it has served as the home ballpark of the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB), and was also the home stadium to the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL) from 1980 to 1994. The stadium is often referred to by its unofficial nickname The Big A, coined by Herald Examiner Sports Editor, Bud Furillo. It is the fourth-oldest active Major League Baseball stadium, behind", "title": "Angel Stadium" }, { "id": "18615865", "text": "Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park The Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, or LASED (short for Los Angeles Stadium and Entertainment District), is an open-air stadium and entertainment complex district under construction in Inglewood, California, United States. Formerly the site of Hollywood Park Racetrack, it is approximately from Los Angeles International Airport, and is located immediately south of The Forum. Planned to open in 2020, the stadium will serve as the home to the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). It is also scheduled to host Super Bowl LVI in February 2022", "title": "Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park" }, { "id": "3088854", "text": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is an American outdoor sports stadium located in the Exposition Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. The stadium serves as the home to the University of Southern California (USC) Trojans football team of the Pac-12 Conference. It is also the temporary home of the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). The Coliseum was home to the Rams from 1946 to 1979, when they moved to Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim. The Coliseum is serving as their home stadium again until the completion of Los Angeles Stadium at", "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" }, { "id": "13518890", "text": "Dome at America's Center. All players included are Hall of Famers, but there have been a few exceptions for team executives and coaches. The Rams were the first NFL team to televise their home games; in a sponsorship arrangement with Admiral television, all home games of the 1950 NFL season were shown locally. The Rams also televised games in the early 1950s. The 1951 NFL Championship Game was the first championship game televised coast-to-coast (via the DuMont Network). During the team's original stint in Los Angeles all games were broadcast on KMPC radio (710 AM); play-by-play announcers were Bob Kelley", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "19128099", "text": "named interim head coach. After receiving permission to void its lease on the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis during the 2015 season, the team officially filed an application to relocate back to Los Angeles on January 4, 2016, where it would play at the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood when completed; construction began in December 2015, and the opening is scheduled for 2020. In the interim, the Rams would play seven of their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and the eighth game at Twickenham Stadium in London as part of the NFL International", "title": "2016 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "13518857", "text": "pre-season game. On September 12, 2016, the Rams played their first regular season game since returning to Los Angeles, where they lost to the San Francisco 49ers 28–0 at Levi's Stadium. On September 18, in front of over 91,000 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the Rams beat the Seattle Seahawks 9–3 in their first home regular season game in Los Angeles since 1994, and their first game at the Coliseum since 1979. On December 12, 2016, the team fired head coach Jeff Fisher after starting the season 4−9. The team announced later that day that John Fassel would", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "13518853", "text": "Rams began a season ticket deposit campaign that lasted from January 15 to February 8 which resulted in more than 56,000 season ticket deposits made. The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is the temporary home stadium of the Rams for four seasons (2016 to 2019) until the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park is opened for the 2020 season. On February 4, 2016, the Los Angeles Rams selected Oxnard, California to be the site of their minicamp, offseason team activities, and offseason program that began on April 18. In March, it was announced that the Rams would be featured on HBO's", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "13518847", "text": "low marks for tailgating, affordability and atmosphere. On January 20, 2012, it was announced that the Rams would play one home game a season at Wembley Stadium in London for the next 3 seasons. The first game was played against the New England Patriots on October 28, 2012. On August 13, 2012, it was announced that the Rams had withdrawn from the 2013 and 2014 games. At this time, the Rams began negotiations with St. Louis about what steps could be taken to remediate the \"top tier\" requirement of the lease. On March 10, 2015, the Rams traded starting quarterback", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "374879", "text": "1970, and played their home games at SDCCU Stadium. The return of the Chargers to Los Angeles was announced for the 2017 season, just one year after the Rams had moved back to the city from St. Louis. The Chargers will play their home games at the StubHub Center until the opening in 2020 of the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, which they will share with the Rams. The Chargers won one AFL title in 1963 and reached the AFL playoffs five times and the AFL Championship four times before joining the NFL () as part of the AFL–NFL", "title": "Los Angeles Chargers" }, { "id": "19128101", "text": "meeting on January 12; after two ballots, the Rams' proposal was accepted on a 30–2 vote. The Coliseum was previously the Rams' home for 34 seasons (1946–1979); they moved to Anaheim Stadium in Orange County in 1980, and played there for fifteen seasons before the move to St. Louis in 1995. Notes On November 25, 2015, the NFL announced that the Rams would play host to a then-undetermined NFC East opponent in the International Series, in the first-ever game at Twickenham Stadium in London, United Kingdom. On January 3, 2016, the New York Giants were confirmed as the Rams' opponent", "title": "2016 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "17084806", "text": "new stadium is being built in Inglewood. The Rams previously played at the Coliseum during their first stint in Los Angeles from 1946 to 1979. The Rams and the St. Louis CVC (Convention & Visitors Commission) began negotiating deals to get the Rams' home stadium, The Dome at America's Center (then known as Edward Jones Dome), into the top 25 percent of stadiums in the league (i.e., top eight teams of the thirty-two NFL teams in reference to luxury boxes, amenities and overall fan experience). Under the terms of the lease agreement, the St. Louis CVC was required to make", "title": "2016 NFL season" }, { "id": "249087", "text": "St. Louis, on January 12, 2016, the NFL announced that the Rams would be moving back to Los Angeles for the 2016 NFL season. A new stadium will be built in Inglewood, California for the team by the 2020 season. Prior to 1995, the Rams played their home games in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 1946 to 1979 and the Raiders played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 1982 to 1994. The San Diego Chargers announced on January 12, 2017 that they would relocate to Los Angeles and become the Los Angeles Chargers beginning in", "title": "Los Angeles" }, { "id": "13518897", "text": "road game against an AFC opponent at the same time as a Charger home game with an NFC opponent with both on Fox, or the reverse where the Rams are on the road against an AFC opponent and the Chargers are at home against an AFC opponent on CBS), in the Los Angeles market, Fox and CBS have authorization to carry the additional game on their secondary sister stations; Fox games air on KCOP-TV, while CBS games are aired on KCAL-TV. On June 20, 2016, the Rams announced their Los Angeles area radio broadcasting rights agreements. The team's official flagship", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "3358991", "text": "including their World Series victory in 2002. With the return of the Rams franchise to Los Angeles, since 2016, KTTV has been the 'unofficial home' for the Los Angeles Rams through the network's primary rights of the National Football Conference. It had held this role for one season in 1994 prior to their move to St. Louis. During the NFL regular season, Rams games are rotated with KNBC (through \"NBC Sunday Night Football\"), KABC-TV (through \"Monday Night Football\") and most especially KCBS-TV (through the NFL on CBS). Since 2017, it has also broadcast Los Angeles Chargers games featuring a visiting", "title": "KTTV" }, { "id": "11521527", "text": "date and opponents were not announced at that time, but were later confirmed as the Los Angeles Rams playing as designated home team against the Kansas City Chiefs. This game was subsequently moved back to Los Angeles due to poor field conditions at Estadio Azteca. In October 2018, the league confirmed four London Games would take place in 2019. Wembley Stadium would host two and Tottenham Hotspur Stadium would host the remaining two. The Jacksonville Jaguars would return to Wembley Stadium for the seventh consecutive year in line with their annual commitment. Two of the 32 teams have not played", "title": "NFL International Series" }, { "id": "5030698", "text": "team is the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which opened on May 1, 1923. The Coliseum is currently used by the Los Angeles Rams. The stadium that has been used the longest by an NFL team is Lambeau Field, home of the Green Bay Packers since 1957. Stadiums represent a considerable expense to a community, and thus their construction, use, and funding often enters the public discourse. Also, given the perceived advantage a team gets from playing in their home stadium, particular attention is given in the media to the peculiarities of each stadium's environment. Weather, playing surface (either natural or", "title": "Chronology of home stadiums for current National Football League teams" }, { "id": "13518795", "text": "located in Cleveland, Ohio. The club was owned by Homer Marshman and featured players such as William \"Bud\" Cooper, Harry \"The Horse\" Mattos, Stan Pincura, and Mike Sebastian. Damon \"Buzz\" Wetzel joined as general manager. After winning the 1945 NFL Championship Game, the franchise moved to Los Angeles, California in 1946, making way for Paul Brown's Cleveland Browns of the All-America Football Conference and becoming the only NFL championship team to play the following season in another city. The club played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving into a reconstructed Anaheim Stadium in nearby Anaheim", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "13518896", "text": "decides in mid-season to \"cross-flex\" between Fox and CBS). KNBC airs \"NBC Sunday Night Football\" and some selected Thursday night games produced by NBC. As for games that air on ESPN's \"Monday Night Football\", KABC simulcasts these cable games carries those games as the two channels share common ownership. The league's blackout policy is not currently in effect, meaning that besides road games, all Rams home games are televised in the Los Angeles market, regardless of attendance. If the Chargers and Rams are both playing at the same time on Sunday afternoons on a certain network (for instance, a Rams", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "16192539", "text": "where they lost to the San Francisco 49ers 28–0 at Levi's Stadium. On September 18, in front of over 91,000 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, The Rams played their first home game on September 18, 2016, defeating the Seattle Seahawks 9-3 On December 12, 2016, the team fired head coach Jeff Fisher after starting the season with a 4−9 record. The team announced later that day that John Fassel would be taking over as interim head coach. Fassel is the son of former NFL head coach Jim Fassel and has been the Rams special teams coach since the", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "3088913", "text": "since 1979, against the Seattle Seahawks. On January 6, 2018, the Coliseum hosted its first Rams playoff game since the 1978 NFC Championship game, against the defending NFC champion Atlanta Falcons. On November 19, 2018, the Coliseum hosted its first Monday Night Football game since 1985, and the first Monday night game the Rams hosted at the Coliseum exact date 40 years later, with the Rams taking on the Kansas City Chiefs. That game, which was originally scheduled to be played at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City that night, was moved to the Coliseum due to poor field conditions at", "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" }, { "id": "3088912", "text": "of Southern California unveiled an estimated $270-million plan to renovate and restore the historic stadium. On January 13, 2016, the NFL gave permission for the St. Louis Rams to relocate back to Los Angeles. The Rams resumed play at the Coliseum, while awaiting completion of the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood. On August 13, 2016, the Coliseum hosted its first NFL game at the stadium since 1994, as the Rams hosted Dallas Cowboys at a preseason game to a crowd of 89,140 people. On September 18, 2016, the Coliseum hosted the first Rams regular season home game", "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" }, { "id": "8319025", "text": "and the ninth largest in the United States. It has been home of the NCAA's USC Trojans since its inauguration, and also hosted the UCLA Bruins from 1928 to 1981. All NFL franchises from Southern California have used the Coliseum: the Rams held home games from their arrival in 1946 to their move to Anaheim, California in 1980, returned in 2016, and will continue to play there through the 2019 season; the Raiders were headquartered there during their Los Angeles years, from 1982 to 1994; and the Chargers played the 1960 AFL season at the Coliseum, moving to San Diego", "title": "History of the National Football League in Los Angeles" }, { "id": "13518820", "text": "new suburbs were built in the Los Angeles area. Anaheim Stadium was originally built in 1966 to be the home of the California Angels. To accommodate the Rams' move, the ballpark was reconfigured and enclosed to accommodate a capacity of 69,008 in the football configuration. With their new, smaller home, the Rams had no problem selling out games. In 1980, the team posted an 11-5 record, but only managed a wild card spot and were sent packing after a loss to the Cowboys. Age and injuries finally caught up with the Rams in 1981, as they only won six games", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "16192543", "text": "administration. Numbers that have been retired by the Rams. This list includes players who have played most of their career in Los Angeles Only. The Rams were the first NFL team to televise their home games; in a sponsorship arrangement with Admiral television, all home games of the 1950 NFL season were shown locally. The Rams also televised games in the early 1950s. The 1951 NFL Championship Game was the first championship game televised coast-to-coast (via the DuMont Network). During the team's years in Los Angeles all games were broadcast on KMPC radio (710 AM); play-by-play announcers were Bob Kelley", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "16192499", "text": "As had been planned prior to Rosenbloom's death, the Rams moved from their longtime home at the Coliseum to Anaheim Stadium in nearby Orange County in 1980. The reason for the move was twofold. First, the NFL's blackout rule forbade games from being shown on local television if they did not sell out within 72 hours of the opening kickoff. As the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum seated 92,604 at the time, it was rarely possible to sell that many tickets even in the Rams' best years, and so most Rams home games were blacked out. Second, this move was following", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "374967", "text": "announcer Bruce Binkowski, who went on to become the executive director of the Holiday and Poinsettia Bowl games, which are played at their former home, SDCCU Stadium. With the Chargers' move to Los Angeles in 2017, the team became a beneficiary of league scheduling policies. Both the Chargers and the Los Angeles Rams share the Los Angeles market, which is on the West Coast of the United States. This means that the Chargers cannot play home games, road division games against the Denver Broncos or Oakland Raiders, or interconference road games against the NFC West (in seasons that the AFC", "title": "Los Angeles Chargers" }, { "id": "3088931", "text": "1979, after spending fifteen years at Anaheim Stadium and then twenty-one seasons in St. Louis, a pre-season contest against the Cowboys on August 13, 2016, drew a crowd of 89,140. The team's first regular-season home game, on September 18 against the Seattle Seahawks, attracted 91,046—the largest attendance for a Rams game at the Coliseum since 1959. Contemporary baseball guides listed the theoretical baseball seating capacity as 92,500. Thousands of east-end seats were very far from home plate, and were not sold unless needed. The largest regular season attendance was 78,672, the Dodgers' home debut in the Coliseum, against the San", "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" }, { "id": "8319023", "text": "an NFL franchise, Los Angeles finally had an NFL team. After hours of finding a compromise, the Rams relocated to Los Angeles, with the Chargers having the option to join them (had the Chargers declined to exercise that option, the Raiders would have also had this option). The league had set a relocation fee of $550 million for any team approved for relocation. The Rams played seven home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in 2016, and will again 2017 through 2019 (as part of the deal, the Rams will also host one game in London per year as", "title": "History of the National Football League in Los Angeles" }, { "id": "16192478", "text": "History of the Los Angeles Rams The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team that play in the National Football League (NFL). The Rams franchise was founded in 1936 as the Cleveland Rams in the short-lived second American Football League before joining the NFL the next year. In 1946, the franchise moved to Los Angeles. The Rams franchise remained in the metro area until 1994, when they moved to St. Louis, and were known as the St. Louis Rams from 1995 to 2015. The Rams franchise returned to Los Angeles in 2016. This article chronicles the franchise's history", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "3088926", "text": "Angeles) were in contact with the Coliseum Commission about playing at the stadium should they move; the Chargers ultimately chose the much smaller StubHub Center as their temporary home. Beginning in the 2017 season, the seating capacity for Rams games was capped at 70,000 due to limited logistics for larger crowds. <nowiki>*For college football</nowiki> Records differ between the 2006 USC football media guide and 2006 UCLA football media guide. (This may be due to only keeping records for \"home\" games until the 1950s.) The USC Media guide lists the top five record crowds as: The UCLA Media guide does not", "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" }, { "id": "18465639", "text": "the Los Angeles Rams as tenants in their new stadium, Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, California when that stadium is complete in 2020. For the time being, the Chargers are playing at the 30,000 seat StubHub Center in Carson, California, the smallest venue (in terms of number of seats) the league has used for a full season since 1956. On January 19, 2017, the Oakland Raiders filed paperwork to relocate to Las Vegas, Nevada. The NFL officially approved the Raiders relocation to Las Vegas on March 27. Unlike the Chargers, the Raiders will remain at the Oakland–Alameda", "title": "2017 NFL season" }, { "id": "20465249", "text": "wear their all-white uniforms for the preseason and through the Rams' first two home games of the regular season. Beginning with a Thursday Night game against Minnesota on September 27, the Rams would wear their classic blue-and-yellow throwback uniforms as their primary home uniforms. Additionally, the team would wear their all-yellow color rush uniforms for scheduled prime time games against San Francisco and Kansas City later in the season. Draft trades The Rams' preseason opponents and schedule were released on April 11. Head coach Sean McVay drew considerable attention when he opted to keep his entire starting offense and most", "title": "2018 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "20465268", "text": "was placed on injured reserve, after an MRI confirmed that he suffered a season ending Torn ACL injury. The game was originally designated as the NFL Mexico Game, and would have been played at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City. However, due to poor field conditions, the game was re-located to Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Both teams enter the game with 9-1 records, their combined records of 18-2 being the second best in the history of Monday Night Football. In the first quarter, the Rams would strike first when Jared Goff found Robert Woods on a 7-yard pass (with a failed", "title": "2018 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "12706622", "text": "Fordham Rams football The Fordham Rams football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Fordham University located in the U.S. state of New York. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Patriot League. Fordham's first football team was fielded in 1882. The team plays its home games at the 7,000 seat Coffey Field in Bronx, New York. The Rams are coached by former Yale offensive coordinator Joe Conlin, distant relative to the late Ed Conlin, Fordham's all-time leading scorer in basketball who later played seven seasons in the NBA.", "title": "Fordham Rams football" }, { "id": "13518856", "text": "camp, with an option to extend it to two more years. On July 29, 2016, the \"Los Angeles Times\" reported that the Rams would host their first training-camp practice and \"Rams Family Day\" on Saturday, August 6 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which was open to the public. The Rams played their first game in the Los Angeles area since 1994, a 22-year absence, with a preseason opener against the Dallas Cowboys at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on August 13. The Rams defeated the Cowboys 28–24 in front of a crowd of 89,140, a record attendance for a", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "19489242", "text": "Canvas Stadium Canvas Stadium, also known as Sonny Lubick Field at Canvas Stadium, is an outdoor college football stadium in the western United States, on the campus of Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. It is the home field of the CSU Rams of the Mountain West Conference; it opened August 5, 2017, and hosted its first game on August 26. It replaced Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium, which had been the Rams' home since 1968. The stadium sits about 1 mile (5,003 feet) above sea level. After a nearly two-year process including cost and financing changes, protests,", "title": "Canvas Stadium" }, { "id": "3469988", "text": "a live-action educational program block distributed by Steve Rotfeld Productions that is syndicated primarily to Fox stations, on Saturday mornings through an agreement involving Tribune's Fox-affiliated stations. KTVI became the official \"home\" station of the St. Louis Rams—which had relocated to the city from Los Angeles in 1995 (with the exception of select primetime telecasts on Thursday, Sunday and Monday nights, KTVI broadcast most of the NFL franchise's road games as well as most sold out home games against other NFC teams). KTVI's status as the team's primary station ended after the 2015 season, as a consequence of NFL team", "title": "KTVI" }, { "id": "3088855", "text": "Hollywood Park in Inglewood. The facility had a permanent seating capacity of 93,607 for USC football and Rams games, making it the largest football stadium in the Pac-12 Conference and the NFL. USC, which operates and manages the Coliseum, began a major renovation of the stadium in early 2018. During the renovation project the seating capacity will be 78,467. Once USC completes the renovation in 2019, the seating capacity will be 77,500. The stadium is located in Exposition Park, which is owned by the State of California, and across the street from USC. The Coliseum is jointly owned by the", "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" }, { "id": "8753847", "text": "History of the St. Louis Rams The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons before relocating back to Los Angeles where the team had played from the 1946 season to the 1994 season. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona in 1988. The Rams’ first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the", "title": "History of the St. Louis Rams" }, { "id": "8753913", "text": "History of the St. Louis Rams The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons before relocating back to Los Angeles where the team had played from the 1946 season to the 1994 season. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona in 1988. The Rams’ first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the", "title": "History of the St. Louis Rams" }, { "id": "16192527", "text": "On February 24, 2015, the Inglewood City Council approved the stadium plan and the initiative with construction on the stadium planned to begin in December 2015. On December 21, 2015, Construction was officially underway for the stadium on the Hollywood Park site. The Rams and the St. Louis CVC began negotiating deals to get the Rams home stadium, the Edward Jones Dome into the top 25 percent of stadiums in the league (i.e., top eight teams of the 32 NFL teams in reference to luxury boxes, amenities and overall fan experience). Under the terms of the lease agreement, the St.", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "16192538", "text": "reported that the Rams would host their first training-camp practice and \"Rams Family Day\" on Saturday, August 6 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which was open to the public. The Rams played their first game in the Los Angeles area since 1994, a 22-year absence, with a preseason opener against the Dallas Cowboys at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on August 13. The Rams defeated the Cowboys 28–24 in front of a crowd of 89,140, a record attendance for a pre-season game. On September 12, 2016, the Rams played their first regular season game since returning to Los Angeles,", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "16192541", "text": "season, which secured their first non-losing year since 2006 (and first in Los Angeles since 1989). A week later, the Rams would defeat the Arizona Cardinals 32–16 to secure a winning season for the first time since the 2003 season. On December 24, 2017, the Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 27–23 to clinch their first NFC West title since 2003 (and first in Los Angeles since 1985). The Rams would lose in the Wild Card game against the defending NFC champion Atlanta Falcons 26–13. \"* Between 1946 and 1994, the Los Angeles Rams Played a total of 679 Regular Season", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "16192519", "text": "over, Steelers owner Dan Rooney publicly stated that he opposed the move of the Los Angeles Rams because \"I believe we should support the fans who have supported us for years.\" While in St. Louis, the Rams played their first few home games at Busch Memorial Stadium before the Trans World Dome (now known as the Dome at America's Center) was completed during the middle of the 1995 season. Aided by an offense nicknamed \"The Greatest Show on Turf\", a period of success occurred between 1999 and 2004 when the team qualified for the playoffs in five out of those", "title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "5155664", "text": "Shaw Stadium Shaw Stadium is a stadium in East Cleveland, Ohio, United States, mainly used for high school football. The stadium was built in 1923 and is home to the Shaw High School Cardinals football team and marching band. In 1938, the Cleveland Rams of the National Football League (NFL) played three of their four home games at Shaw, winning two and losing one. The Rams earned their first home NFL victory in franchise history with a defeat of the Detroit Lions, followed by a win over the Chicago Bears. Both Case Institute of Technology and Western Reserve University, which", "title": "Shaw Stadium" }, { "id": "12833022", "text": "LeGrand Sports Complex The LeGrand Sports Complex is now LeGrand Stadium at 1st Community Credit Union Field at Angelo State University in San Angelo, Texas. Originally Angelo State University'strack and field complex, the facility was updated in 2013 to become a football stadium, as well. In 2014, LeGrand Stadium at 1st Community Credit Union Field was introduced as the new home of the Rams football team in addition to the Rams and Rambelles track and field programs. On October 1, 2008 the Texas Tech University System regents voted to rename the Multi-Sports Complex to the LeGrand Sports Complex in recognition", "title": "LeGrand Sports Complex" }, { "id": "3088861", "text": "USC Trojans football team and the home of the Los Angeles Rams (until their new stadium is completed). Most of USC's regular home games, especially the alternating games with rivals UCLA and Notre Dame, attract a capacity crowd. The current official capacity of the Coliseum is 78,467. USC's women lacrosse and soccer teams use the Coliseum for selected games, usually involving major opponents and televised games. USC also rents the Coliseum to various events, including international soccer games, musical concerts and other large outdoor events. The Olympic cauldron (also known as the Olympic Torch) was built for the stadium's two", "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" }, { "id": "8319030", "text": "added for football games. Three teams had previously played home games in Anaheim Stadium prior to the Rams' move: the Southern California Sun of the World Football League and the now-defunct football programs at Cal State Fullerton and Long Beach State. After the Rams left California in 1995, Angel Stadium was reverted to a baseball-only configuration, and only hosts high school football. The stadium can no longer supply the needs of national TV football broadcasts. The Rose Bowl in Pasadena, ten miles (16 kilometers) northeast of downtown Los Angeles, was built in 1922. It is used by the NCAA's UCLA", "title": "History of the National Football League in Los Angeles" }, { "id": "3807477", "text": "home of the Los Angeles Rams and the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League, when the stadium is completed in 2020. Until then, the Rams temporarily play home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Chargers play at the StubHub Center. The track was opened on June 10, 1938 by the Hollywood Turf Club the racetrack was designed by noted racetrack architect Arthur Froehlich. Its chairman was Jack L. Warner of the Warner Bros. film studio. Prominent shareholders included Jack Warner's brother and fellow Warner Bros. executive Harry, Hollywood studio executives Walt Disney, Samuel Goldwyn, Darryl", "title": "Hollywood Park Racetrack" }, { "id": "13518895", "text": "In 2016, the Rams' news and highlights where shown on \"Rams Primetime Live\" on KABC-TV on Saturday nights after college football games during the regular season, hosted by sports anchor Rob Fukuzaki, sports reporter Ashley Brewer and traffic reporter Alysha Del Valle. Under the league's current national TV contracts for regular season games, Fox O&O KTTV carries the bulk of the team's games due to Fox holding the rights to the NFC contract, along with \"Thursday Night Football\". KCBS carries Sunday afternoon games in which the Rams host an AFC team (pending any Rams Sunday game that the league later", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "374968", "text": "West and NFC West meet in interconference play) in the early 10:00 a.m. Pacific time slot. In addition, they cannot play interconference home games at the same time or network as the Rams. As a result, both teams generally will have more limited scheduling options, and will also benefit by receiving more prime-time games than usual (click here for further information). Thus, regardless of the previous season's record, the Chargers will receive a disproportionate number of \"Sunday Night\", \"Monday Night\" and/or \"Thursday Night\" games, compared to the rest of the league. Additionally, if the Chargers and Rams are both playing", "title": "Los Angeles Chargers" }, { "id": "18465640", "text": "County Coliseum through at least the 2018 season (with the 2019 season to be determined) while Las Vegas Stadium is built, with the team moving to Nevada in 2019 or 2020. The Los Angeles Rams, who had capped season ticket sales at 55,000 for the 2017 season, announced to have 60,128 spectators in the first home game on week 1. However, reports estimate that spectators only filled a third of the 93,607 seats of the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The Los Angeles Chargers did not sell out their week 2 game at the StubHub Center, which was never expanded to", "title": "2017 NFL season" }, { "id": "15099400", "text": "exodus; the Rams plan to play most of their home schedule in the Coliseum for the next three seasons while the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park is under construction in Inglewood. Both association football venues on the East Coast of the United States, Harvard Stadium and Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium, remain in use to this day. Harvard Stadium, on the campus of Harvard University, is best known as home to the school's (American) football team, but is also home to Harvard's teams in men's and women's lacrosse, and has been used for several other sports. Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium,", "title": "Venues of the 1984 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "19798822", "text": "2017 Los Angeles Rams season The 2017 Los Angeles Rams season was the franchise's 80th season in the National Football League, the 81st overall, the 51st in the Greater Los Angeles Area and the first under new head coach Sean McVay as well as a new coaching staff. The Rams improved on their 4–12 record from last season. With a win over the Arizona Cardinals, the Rams ended a decade-long drought and clinched their first winning season since 2003 and first playoff appearance since 2004, when the club was based in St. Louis. The team played a game in London,", "title": "2017 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "19128102", "text": "for this game, both teams having finished in third place in their respective divisions in the season. The game was played in Week 7 on Sunday, October 23. The kickoff time was announced on April 14, and both teams had their bye the following week. As a condition of the Rams' use of the Coliseum, the University of Southern California requested that the NFL not schedule any Monday night home games at the stadium, nor any home games on days after USC football games. While the team's final schedule did not contain any home Monday night games, two games were", "title": "2016 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "5917625", "text": "Los Angeles Rams preseason games. As of 2018, the station serves as the official Spanish-language home of Major League Soccer franchise Los Angeles FC. KFTR-DT KFTR-DT, virtual channel 46 (UHF digital channel 29), is a UniMás owned-and-operated television station serving Los Angeles, California, United States that is licensed to Ontario, and serves as the West Coast flagship station of the Spanish-language network. The station is owned by the Univision Local Media subsidiary of Univision Communications, as part of a duopoly with Los Angeles-licensed Univision West Coast flagship KMEX-DT (channel 34). The two stations share studios located on Center Drive (near", "title": "KFTR-DT" }, { "id": "8319029", "text": "the true cost of a new Coliseum would be closer to $650 million. Anaheim Stadium, known since 2004 as Angel Stadium of Anaheim, is approximately 25 miles (40 km) south east of Downtown Los Angeles, at the city of Anaheim. It was built by Major League Baseball's California Angels – currently Los Angeles Angels – and opened in 1966. The Rams moved into the stadium in 1980, looking for a more modern venue than the Coliseum, and also a stadium that would be small enough to keep Rams games from being blacked out on local television. About 23,000 seats were", "title": "History of the National Football League in Los Angeles" }, { "id": "4392249", "text": "Los Angeles radio outlet, KNX (1070 AM). The station also moved its transmitter from Mount Lee, where it had been based since its experimental days, to Mount Wilson. In 1956, CBS began broadcasting NFL games, and with it, the Los Angeles Rams had their games aired on Channel 2. This alliance would continue through the 1993 season, when Fox took over the rights to broadcast NFC games, which led to KTTV being the new home station for one season in 1994, before the Rams moved to St. Louis. With the Rams' return to Los Angeles in 2016, Channel 2 will", "title": "KCBS-TV" }, { "id": "13518887", "text": "jersey design for at least a minimum of 5 seasons, conflicting with the Rams full rebrand for 2020). The Rams also announced a fan vote via Twitter to decide two home games in which they would wear throwback uniforms. Fans selected the October 8, 2017 game against the Seahawks and the December 31, 2017 game against the 49ers, the same two opponents the Rams wore throwbacks against last season. In their Week 3 road game against the 49ers, the Rams also participated in NFL Color Rush, wearing throwback-style all-yellow uniforms with blue detailing and blue numbers, as well as yellow", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "8318986", "text": "champions, the Cleveland Rams moved to Los Angeles. The other league owners were not pleased with the move, but the league relented due in large part to concern that Los Angeles could potentially become the nucleus of a rival league. The Rams played home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, at the time shared with two NCAA teams – the USC Trojans and the UCLA Bruins – and an AAFC franchise, the Los Angeles Dons. It was the establishment of the Rams in Los Angeles that prompted the league to lift its moratorium on African-American players that had been", "title": "History of the National Football League in Los Angeles" }, { "id": "19798285", "text": "Dallas Cowboys in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game on Thursday, August 3, 2017, at the Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium in Canton, Ohio. The two teams also met during the regular season at the University of Phoenix Stadium. On December 13, 2016, the NFL announced that the Cardinals will play the Los Angeles Rams as one of the NFL International Series at Twickenham Stadium in London, England, with the Rams serving as the home team. It will be the Cardinals' first appearance in the International Series, though the Cardinals played in Mexico in 2005 against the San", "title": "2017 Arizona Cardinals season" }, { "id": "20465247", "text": "2018 Los Angeles Rams season The 2018 season is the Los Angeles Rams' 81st in the National Football League, their 82nd overall, their 52nd in the Greater Los Angeles Area and their second under head coach Sean McVay. The Rams can now, at the worst, match their winning 11–5 record from the 2017 season, which ended the franchise's 12-year playoff drought. Los Angeles was victorious in its first eight games of the season (the team's best start since 1969) before the Rams suffered their first loss to the New Orleans Saints in Week 9. After defeating the Kansas City Chiefs", "title": "2018 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "4392250", "text": "air games in which the Rams play host to an AFC opponent, and any Thursday Night or cross-flexed games aired by CBS. It will also air all Rams preseason games. In 2017, the station became the unofficial \"home\" station of the NFL's Chargers franchise, which announced on January 12, 2017 that it had exercised an option it was allotted a year to exercise to leave its longtime home of San Diego and join the Rams in Los Angeles; the newly relocated and rechristened Los Angeles Chargers are part of the AFC, and therefore most of their games (the vast majority", "title": "KCBS-TV" }, { "id": "13518885", "text": "the team's eight home games during the 2016 season as a nod to the Fearsome Foursome era; the Rams would wear their alternative royal blue throwback jersey for the other two games at the coliseum and wear their midnight blue jersey at their international home game at Twickenham Stadium. Throughout the 2016 season, the Rams' signage around the stadium, endzones, and other uses of the logo showed a variation that was only colored in blue and white, leading some fans to believe the team's upcoming rebrand would involve gold being completely dropped from the color scheme. For the 2017 season,", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "13518888", "text": "horns on the helmets and white stripes outlined in blue on the pants. The Rams announced on July 27, 2018 that they would wear their throwback royal blue and yellow primary color uniform for as many as five home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum for the 2018 season. In conjunction with the change, the team retired its navy blue and metallic gold uniform. The Rams' white uniform remains unchanged, and its one alternate uniform is the yellow Color Rush uniform. Additionally, the team confirmed their new rebrand would take place in 2020 to coincide with the opening of", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "13518860", "text": "non-losing year since 2006, as well as their first in Los Angeles since 1989. A week later, the Rams would defeat the Cardinals 32–16 to secure a winning season for the first time since the 2003 season. On December 24, 2017, the Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 27–23 to clinch their first NFC West title since 2003, and their first in Los Angeles since 1985; they finished the regular season with an 11-5 record. However, the team would meet an early exit in the first round of the playoffs at the hands of the defending conference champion Atlanta Falcons 26–13.", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "11274586", "text": "the Rams spent a majority of their history playing their home basketball games in the Richmond Coliseum, which housed the team from 1971 until 1999. Prior to the Rams' long-term occupation of the Coliseum, the team played their home games in the Franklin Street Gym. A 25 million dollar practice facility located on the north side of Marshall Street adjacent to the Siegel Center was completed in November 2015. Replacing the decades-old Franklin Street Gym, it houses the Men's and Women's basketball teams. The building's size is about and features courts, players' lounges, dining areas, coaches' offices, retail spaces, and", "title": "VCU Rams men's basketball" }, { "id": "15397748", "text": "American Football League (AFL), and spent its first season in Los Angeles before moving to San Diego in 1961. The Chargers joined the NFL as result of the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, and played their home games at the venue now known as SDCCU Stadium. On January 12, 2016, the Chargers were given a one-year option to join the Rams in the Los Angeles area. Team chairman and CEO Dean Spanos announced on January 29, 2016, that the Chargers would remain in San Diego for the 2016 season. In 2017 the Chargers moved back to their original city of Los", "title": "Sports in San Diego" }, { "id": "18925403", "text": "National Car Rental Field National Car Rental Field was a proposed multipurpose stadium in St. Louis, Missouri. It was proposed to become the home of St. Louis Rams (now the Los Angeles Rams) of the National Football League (NFL) before their move to the Greater Los Angeles Area was announced. The stadium cost was estimated at $1.1 billion. When the Rams moved from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, the contract stated that the Edward Jones Dome had to be a \"top tier\" stadium by 2015, or the Rams had the option to stop leasing the stadium. When this", "title": "National Car Rental Field" }, { "id": "19128103", "text": "played on days following an USC home game. The Rams wore their white uniforms for all of their home games for the first time since 1971 as a nod to the Fearsome Foursome era, with the exception of wearing their throwback uniforms twice a year for home games and wearing their all-navy uniforms for the game in London. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. With the win, the Rams won a regular season game in Los Angeles for the first time since 1994. They paid tribute to their first regular season game back in Los Angeles by wearing their", "title": "2016 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "18615888", "text": "stadiums built in their respective cities. On April 21, 2015, Carson City Council bypassed the option to put the stadium to a public vote and approved the plan 3–0. The NFL approved the Rams' relocation on January 12, 2016, with 30 of the 32 owners voting their approval to relocate, effectively ending the Carson proposal. Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park The Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, or LASED (short for Los Angeles Stadium and Entertainment District), is an open-air stadium and entertainment complex district under construction in Inglewood, California, United States. Formerly the site of Hollywood Park Racetrack,", "title": "Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park" }, { "id": "7936131", "text": "Baseball from 1959 to 1978 and from 1987 to 2007. The Dodgers left KWKW, the team's Spanish-language broadcast home for most of its history, for 930 KHJ effective with the 2008 season. KWKW now carries the Angels. In the 2016 season, KWKW began airing Spanish-language play-by-play coverage of the Los Angeles Rams (football). KWKW KWKW (1330 kHz, \"Radio Deportes\") is an AM radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California. The station is owned by Lotus Communications, through licensee Lotus Los Angeles Corp. KWKW is simulcasting on KTMZ 1220 AM in Pomona, California. KWKW was one of the first Spanish-language radio", "title": "KWKW" }, { "id": "10912219", "text": "August 2014. The Clippers plan to build a new arena in Inglewood, across from the Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park, by 2024 when their lease with Staples Center expires. The region has two National Football League (NFL) teams: the Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams. The Rams originally played in LA from 1946 to 1994, while the Chargers shared LA with them for only one season in 1960. The NFL approved the Rams' relocation back to Los Angeles from St. Louis in 2016 with an option for the San Diego Chargers or Oakland Raiders to join at a", "title": "Sports in Los Angeles" }, { "id": "18615872", "text": "used for. There was, however, speculation about the future of the Rams franchise until it was reported that the National Football League would not be allowing any franchise relocation for the 2015 season. On January 5, 2015, Stockbridge Capital, the owners of the Hollywood Park Land Company, announced that it had partnered with Kroenke Sports & Entertainment to add the northern 60-acre parcel to the rest of the development project and build a multi-purpose 70,240-seat stadium designed for the NFL. The project will include the stadium of up to 100,240 seats (including standing room-only seats) and a performance entertainment venue", "title": "Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park" }, { "id": "8319033", "text": "Downtown Los Angeles. While a soccer-specific stadium, it receives high school and college gridiron, hosting California Interscholastic Federation finals and the NFLPA Collegiate Bowl. While the Chargers and Raiders planned a football stadium in Carson, they visited StubHub Center regarding using the facilities for training. The Chargers ultimately agreed to use the StubHub Center as their temporary home stadium until the Inglewood stadium is complete. On January 31, 2014, both the \"Los Angeles Times\" and the \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\" reported that Rams owner Stan Kroenke purchased approximately 60 acres of land adjacent to the Forum in Inglewood, California. Kroenke subsequently", "title": "History of the National Football League in Los Angeles" }, { "id": "13518865", "text": "in 2018 until losing on the road to the New Orleans Saints in Week 9 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome. The Rams bounced back with three straight wins, defeating the Seattle Seahawks 36-31, and then winning a wild 54-51 shootout against the Kansas City Chiefs on Monday Night Football. Following a bye week, the Rams beat the host Detroit Lions 30-16 in Week 13 to clinch both a playoff berth and their second straight NFC West title. \"Forbes\" magazine estimated the worth of the team in 2015 as $1.45 billion, which at the time were the 28th most valuable NFL team", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "13518893", "text": "Preseason games not shown on a national broadcast network were seen on KTVI in St. Louis; preseason games are produced by the Kroenke-owned Denver-based Altitude Sports and Entertainment, which shares common ownership with the Rams. Months after the Rams returned to Los Angeles, it was announced on June 9, 2016, CBS's O&O station KCBS would air pre-season games that are not on national television. The KCBS broadcasting team includes Andrew Siciliano (play-by-play announcer), Pro Football Hall of Fame former running backs Eric Dickerson and Marshall Faulk providing color commentary. In 2017 NFL Network analyst Daniel Jeremiah replaced Dickerson. KCBS's Jill", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "2774358", "text": "North American professional sports venues to host two teams from the same league; MetLife Stadium, the home of the National Football League's New York Giants and New York Jets, is the other. The Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park will host both the Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams beginning in 2020. Staples Center is the venue of the Grammy Awards ceremony and will host the basketball competition during the 2028 Summer Olympics. Staples Center measures of total space, with a by arena floor. It stands tall. The arena seats up to 19,067 for basketball, 18,340 for ice hockey,", "title": "Staples Center" }, { "id": "374946", "text": "30,000 fans and is shared by the MLS soccer team, LA Galaxy. This will serve as the Chargers' temporary home field until they join the Rams in Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood starting in the 2020 NFL season. Reaction to the relocation itself has not been without controversy. \"Los Angeles Times\" columnist Bill Plaschke welcomed the team to town by writing \"\"We. Don't. Want. You.\"\" At a game at the Staples Center between the Los Angeles Clippers and Lakers, the Chargers' logo was shown on a scoreboard and was \"booed heartily\". Chargers tight end Jeff Cumberland was", "title": "Los Angeles Chargers" }, { "id": "3088892", "text": "The jump was filmed by ABC Wide World of Sports. Also in 1973, the Coliseum was host to Super Bowl VII which saw the AFC champion Miami Dolphins (17–0) defeat the NFC champion Washington Redskins (13–4), 14–7, and become the only team in NFL history to attain an undefeated season and postseason. The Los Angeles Rams played their home games in the Coliseum until 1979, when they moved to Anaheim prior to the 1980 NFL Season. They hosted the NFC Championship Game in 1975 & 1978 in which they lost both times to the Dallas Cowboys by lopsided margins. The", "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" }, { "id": "13518818", "text": "down the Rams offense to win their fourth Super Bowl, 31-19. Prior to the 1979 NFL season, owner Carroll Rosenbloom died in a drowning accident, and his widow, Georgia Frontiere, inherited 70 percent ownership of the team. Frontiere then fired stepson Steve Rosenbloom and assumed total control of Rams operations. As had been planned prior to Rosenbloom's death, the Rams moved from their longtime home at the Coliseum to Anaheim Stadium in nearby Orange County in 1980. The reason for the move was twofold. First, the NFL's blackout rule forbade games from being shown on local television if they did", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "7645434", "text": "Canadian Soccer League home games at Lamport Stadium. The OUA's Ryerson Rams soccer teams also call the stadium home. In 2014, the Serbian White Eagles of the Canadian Soccer League and Internacional de Toronto of League1 Ontario also played their home games at the stadium. Toronto FC II announced in August 2017 that it would move its home games from the Ontario Soccer Centre to BMO Field and Lamport Stadium beginning with the 2018 season. It was announced on 21 May 2012, that Lamport Stadium would be the new home of the Canada national rugby league team, the Wolverines. Their", "title": "Lamport Stadium" }, { "id": "5637864", "text": "was \"Dud\" DeGroot, a Stanford football player who had gone on to earn a PhD from that institution. DeGroot had served as head coach of the NFL's Washington Redskins in 1944 and 1945 before jumping over to the rival AAFC for its debut 1946 season. The Dons shared the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum with the Rams for its home games. Although never filling the mammoth facility the club made a show of offering vast numbers of tickets for sale at reasonable prices, including 40,000 reserved seats for each home contest priced at $2.50, 15,000 general admission seats costing $1.50, and", "title": "Los Angeles Dons" }, { "id": "12833027", "text": "site, in addition to complete locker room and training facilities. LeGrand Sports Complex The LeGrand Sports Complex is now LeGrand Stadium at 1st Community Credit Union Field at Angelo State University in San Angelo, Texas. Originally Angelo State University'strack and field complex, the facility was updated in 2013 to become a football stadium, as well. In 2014, LeGrand Stadium at 1st Community Credit Union Field was introduced as the new home of the Rams football team in addition to the Rams and Rambelles track and field programs. On October 1, 2008 the Texas Tech University System regents voted to rename", "title": "LeGrand Sports Complex" }, { "id": "8318980", "text": "their demands were not met. The league's absence from Los Angeles ended in early 2016, when the Rams received league approval to return to the area beginning at the start of the 2016 season. Currently, Los Angeles is the home of the NFL's Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers, the last of whom announced their intent to return to Los Angeles from its previous home in San Diego in January 2017. The two teams will share Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park when the stadium opens in Inglewood in 2020. In addition to the NFL, Los Angeles has been", "title": "History of the National Football League in Los Angeles" }, { "id": "2597720", "text": "Athletic Training Center), the Rams' training facility in Earth City, Missouri, to sportswear manufacturer Russell Athletic, the Rams agreed to rename the Edward Jones Dome to Russell Athletic Field for the Rams' \"Monday Night Football\" game against the Chicago Bears on December 11, 2006. The renaming was for the one night only. After the St. Louis Rams relocated to Los Angeles in 2016, Edward Jones exercised its right to terminate its sponsorship, and that the facility would once again be known as The Dome at America's Center. The Dome hosted five NFC playoff games, including the 1999 and 2001 NFC", "title": "The Dome at America's Center" }, { "id": "19128096", "text": "2016 Los Angeles Rams season The 2016 Los Angeles Rams season was the franchise's 79th season in the National Football League and the fifth and final under head coach Jeff Fisher. It was the franchise's 50th season in the Greater Los Angeles Area and the first since 1994. The Rams made their first appearance on HBO's \"Hard Knocks\" and also appeared on the new E! series \"Hollywood & Football\". The team returned to Los Angeles after 21 seasons in St. Louis. The Rams decided from 2016-2019 to return to wearing white uniforms at home in LA as a nod to", "title": "2016 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "13518803", "text": "loose\" among the owners of the NFL franchises. The Rams added a second black player, Woody Strode, on May 7, 1946, giving them two black players going into the 1946 season. The Rams were the first team in the NFL to play in Los Angeles (the 1926 Los Angeles Buccaneers were strictly a traveling team), but they were not the only professional football team to play its home games in the Coliseum between 1946 and 1949. The upstart All-America Football Conference had the Los Angeles Dons compete there as well. Reeves was taking a gamble that Los Angeles was ready", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "13518849", "text": "tier\" negotiations failed to produce a solution to keep the Rams in St. Louis long term. On December 17, 2015, the Rams defeated the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 31-23 at the Edward Jones Dome in what would be their final home game in St. Louis; their last game as the St. Louis Rams came two weeks later on the road against the San Francisco 49ers before moving back to Los Angeles the next season. Fans in St. Louis claimed Stan Kroenke, a Missouri native, as well as Kevin Demoff lied to the fans about their wishes to keep the Rams in", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" }, { "id": "3088875", "text": "school's (and the Rams') 2018 home football schedule, with no interruption. In 1923, Pomona College and USC played in the inaugural game at the Coliseum on October 6, with the Trojans prevailing 23–7. Situated just across the street from Exposition Park, USC agreed to play all its home games at the Coliseum, a circumstance that contributed to the decision to build the arena. From 1928 through 1981, the UCLA Bruins also played home games at the Coliseum. When USC and UCLA played each other, the \"home\" team (USC in odd-numbered years, UCLA in even), occupied the north sideline and bench,", "title": "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" }, { "id": "964097", "text": "31–24 at the Orange Bowl in Miami. Busch Stadium was also briefly the home of the St. Louis Rams, who relocated from Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim, California. Completion of their new home, the new and nearby Trans World Dome (later renamed the Dome at America's Center) was delayed, so the Rams played the first half of the 1995 season at Busch Stadium, with four home games, the last on October 22. The new indoor venue hosted its first NFL game on November 12, 1995. In between the Cardinals' and the Rams' eras, the stadium hosted two NFL exhibition games, between", "title": "Busch Memorial Stadium" }, { "id": "20095579", "text": "six away games. The Rams will host Patriot League foes Lehigh, Holy Cross, and Bucknell, and will travel to Lafayette, Colgate, and Georgetown. In 2017, Fordham's non-conference opponents will be Independent Army, Central Connecticut and Bryant of the Northeast Conference, Eastern Washington of the Big Sky Conference, and Yale of the Ivy League. 2017 Fordham Rams football team The 2017 Fordham Rams football team represented Fordham University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by second-year head coach Andrew Breiner and played their home games at Coffey Field as a member of the Patriot League.", "title": "2017 Fordham Rams football team" }, { "id": "19798824", "text": "per game and 478 total points scored - tops in both categories. On Christmas Eve, the Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 27–23 in a Super Bowl XXXIV rematch to clinch the NFC West for the first time since 2003 and their first playoff berth since 2004. This was also their first division title as the Los Angeles Rams since the 1985 season. Their promising season came to a end as they were defeated by the No. 6 seed and defending NFC Champions, the Atlanta Falcons, 13–26 in the Wild Card Round. Coincidentally in the Rams' last playoff game in 2005,", "title": "2017 Los Angeles Rams season" }, { "id": "8662979", "text": "agreement with Razor Management Inc. (RMI) to redevelop Monarch Park Stadium. RMI will be spending $5 million to upgrade the facilities, which will see an inflatable dome cover at the site. and surface replaced. The Ryerson Rams soccer team played its home games at the facility, but lost their permit to use the facility in 2015. The stadium was also used as the location for Broken Social Scene's \"I'm Still Your Fag\" music video. In May 2018, Toronto FC's United Soccer League side, Toronto FC II, played one game at Monarch Park. The weekday morning game on May 9 drew", "title": "Monarch Park Stadium" }, { "id": "13518804", "text": "for its own professional football team – and suddenly there were two in the City of Angels. Reeves was proven to be correct when the Rams played their first pre-season game against the Washington Redskins in front of a crowd of 95,000 fans. The team finished their first season in L.A. with a 6–4–1 record, second place behind the Chicago Bears. At the end of the season Walsh was fired as head coach. The Coliseum would be the home of the Rams for more than 30 years, but the facility was already over 20 years old on the day of", "title": "Los Angeles Rams" } ]

[ "Kidcutup" ]

[ { "id": "1629573", "text": "An American Musical fame), 1990s pop singer Melissa Etheridge, and pop singer Andy Grammer, in addition to the United States Army Soldier's Chorus. For the 2018 Fireworks Spectacular, the orchestra worked with Rachel Platten, Rhiannon Giddens, the Indigo Girls, actress Rita Moreno, Natalie Cortez (who was about to open in the ensemble in the world premiere of Moulin Rouge!, which is slated to open on Broadway in 2019) and the Tanglewood Festival Chorus under the direction of James Burton. In addition to Bloomberg nationwide, the show was carried by independent station WHDH (channel 7) locally over-the-air, and online at Boston.com,", "title": "Boston Pops Orchestra" }, { "id": "18918509", "text": "xx, The 1975, Nathaniel Rateliff and the Night Sweats, Tegan and Sara, Brandi Carlile, Majid Jordan, Oh Wonder, Danny Brown, Cousin Stizz, Russ, Strand of Oaks, Moses Sumney, Kevin Morby, Tkay Maidza, Alexandra Savior, Tool, Major Lazer, Weezer, Cage the Elephant, Run the Jewels, Flatbush Zombies, Converge, Piebald, Wolf Parade, Frightened Rabbit, Buffalo Tom, PUP, Hiss Golden Messenger, The Hotelier, and Mondo Cozmo. The ninth Boston Calling was held on May 25, 26 and 27, 2018 at the Harvard Athletic Complex. The headliners were Eminem, The Killers and Jack White. Boston Calling Music Festival Boston Calling Music Festival is a", "title": "Boston Calling Music Festival" }, { "id": "19403586", "text": "remade into Tamil, starring Ajith Kumar directed by H.Vinoth. Pink (2016 film) Pink is a 2016 Indian social thriller film directed by Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury, written by Ritesh Shah, and produced by Rashmi Sharma Telefilms (Pawan Kumar and Rashmi Sharma), Sheel Kumar and Shoojit Sircar. It stars Amitabh Bachchan, Taapsee Pannu, Kirti Kulhari, Andrea Tariang, Angad Bedi, Piyush Mishra, and Dhritiman Chatterjee. It was released on 16 September 2016. The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) granted the film a U/A certificate with four verbal cuts. The film received widespread critical acclaim, and garnered the National Film Award for Best", "title": "Pink (2016 film)" }, { "id": "19403570", "text": "Pink (2016 film) Pink is a 2016 Indian social thriller film directed by Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury, written by Ritesh Shah, and produced by Rashmi Sharma Telefilms (Pawan Kumar and Rashmi Sharma), Sheel Kumar and Shoojit Sircar. It stars Amitabh Bachchan, Taapsee Pannu, Kirti Kulhari, Andrea Tariang, Angad Bedi, Piyush Mishra, and Dhritiman Chatterjee. It was released on 16 September 2016. The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) granted the film a U/A certificate with four verbal cuts. The film received widespread critical acclaim, and garnered the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues. The film was specially", "title": "Pink (2016 film)" }, { "id": "18918508", "text": "Calling, held May 27, 28 and 29, 2016 featured: Sia, Disclosure, Robyn, ODESZA, Sufjan Stevens, Haim, Miike Snow, Janelle Monáe, City and Colour, Courtney Barnett, Elle King, The Front Bottoms, BØRNS, Charles Bradley and his Extraordinaires, The Vaccines, Vince Staples, Battles, Unknown Mortal Orchestra, Christine and the Queens, Lisa Hannigan and Aaron Dessner, Lizzo, Palehound, and Michael Christmas. The eighth Boston Calling, held May 26, 27 and 28, 2017, featured: Chance the Rapper, Bon Iver, Sigur Ros, Migos, Mac Demarco, Sylvan Esso, Car Seat Headrest, Francis and the Lights, Deerhoof, Whitney, Lucy Dacus, Vundabar, Xylouris White, Mumford and Sons, The", "title": "Boston Calling Music Festival" }, { "id": "18918506", "text": "Off the Earth, Warpaint, Cass McCombs, Maximo Park, The Districts, Tigerman WOAH!, and Magic Man. The fourth Boston Calling, held September 5, 6 and 7, 2014 featured: The National, Lorde, The Replacements, Nas x The Roots, Neutral Milk Hotel, Childish Gambino, Spoon, Girl Talk, The 1975, Volcano Choir, Twenty One Pilots, The War on Drugs, The Hold Steady, Lake Street Dive, Bleachers, White Denim, Sky Ferreira, Future Islands, San Fermin, S. Carey, CliffLight, and Gentlemen Hall. The fifth Boston Calling, held May 22, 23 and 24, 2015 featured: Beck, Pixies, My Morning Jacket, Ben Harper and the Innocent Criminals, Tenacious", "title": "Boston Calling Music Festival" }, { "id": "18918507", "text": "D, Tame Impala, St. Vincent, TV on the Radio, Marina and the Diamonds, Jason Isbell, Gerard Way, Tove Lo, Chet Faker, Run the Jewels, The Lone Bellow, Sharon Van Etten, Jungle, MØ, ILoveMakonnen, DMA's, The Ballroom Thieves, and Krill. The sixth Boston Calling, held September 25, 26 and 27, 2015 featured: The Avett Brothers, Alt-J, Alabama Shakes, Hozier, Of Monsters and Men, Chvrches, Ben Howard, Chromeo, Walk the Moon, Nate Ruess, Father John Misty, Sturgill Simpson, MisterWives, Daughter, Twin Shadow, Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks, Fidlar, Doomtree, Gregory Alan Isakov, Grizfolk, Bully, Dirty Bangs, and Grey Season. The seventh Boston", "title": "Boston Calling Music Festival" }, { "id": "16340386", "text": "XCX performed at Leeds Festival. The \"Number 1 Angel\" follow-up mixtape, \"Pop 2\", was released on 15 December 2017, featuring collaborations with Carly Rae Jepsen, Tove Lo, ALMA, Caroline Polachek, Brooke Candy, Cupcakke, Pabllo Vittar, Dorian Electra, Mykki Blanco, Tommy Cash, Kim Petras, Jay Park and MØ. On 15 March 2018, Charli XCX performed to promote her album \"Pop 2\" at El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles. From May 2018, Charli XCX started performing on Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour as an opening act. Since then, she released several singles. On 31 May, she released \"5 in the Morning,\" which", "title": "Charli XCX" }, { "id": "3753393", "text": "Metric served as the opening act for the North American dates of The Smashing Pumpkins' \"Shiny and Oh So Bright\" reunion tour, which ran from July through September 2018. On September 6, 2018, Metric, Dizzy and The Elwins played at Danforth Music Hall in Toronto to help their hometown's Indie 88 radio station celebrate their fifth birthday. Metric are touring Europe and the United States during fall 2018 and winter 2019 in promotion of Art of Doubt. Timeline Studio albums Metric (band) Metric is a Canadian rock band founded in 1998 in Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Emily Haines", "title": "Metric (band)" }, { "id": "4843718", "text": "Japan, reaching No. 2 on the Japanese charts. On September 24, 2013 the band released their seventh studio album \"Get Happy\". On March 4, 2014, they released \"Dream a Little Dream\" with the von Trapps. The band has performed with Jimmy Scott, Carol Channing, Rufus Wainwright, Martha Wainwright, Jane Powell, Henri Salvador, Chavela Vargas, Joey Arias, Basil Twist, Georges Moustaki, Michael Feinstein, Gus Van Sant, Courtney Taylor Taylor of The Dandy Warhols, Norman Leyden, Hiroshi Wada, Alba Clemente, Johnny Dynell and Chi Chi Valenti, Ari Shapiro, the original cast of \"Sesame Street\", Lions of Batucada, Jorge Alabê, March Fourth Marching", "title": "Pink Martini" }, { "id": "19595674", "text": "endorsed and collaborated with several high-end brands including Puma, Reebok, Louis Vuitton, Dior Cosmetics, Moonshot, St. Scott London, Shibuya 109, Tokyo Girls Collection x CECIL McBEE, Lotte Trevi sparkling water, Sprite Korea and Shopee. In July 28, 2018 the group ranked first for brand reputation based on analysis by The Korea Reputation Research Institute, outranking the likes of BTS, Wanna One and Twice. Their debut single \"Square One\" contains two tracks, \"Boombayah\" and \"Whistle\", which hit number one and two on the \"Billboard\" World Digital Songs chart respectively, and they are by far the fastest act to do so. \"Whistle\"", "title": "Black Pink" }, { "id": "13255302", "text": "cutting-edge culture icons like Zippy comic's Bill Griffith, Ace of Hearts Records founder Rick Harte, The Cure's Robert Smith, Night Flight's Stuart Samuels, \"Spin\" magazine founder Bob Guccione, Jr., the first US new wave promotion company Rockpool and New Music Seminar founder Mark Josephson, The Cars' Ric Ocasek, The B-52's Kate Pierson, U2's Bono, The Clash's Joe Strummer and Bernie Rhodes, Greg Kihn, Plasmatics; as well as covering the music of John Lydon, Rich Parsons, Troggs, Suicide, Winter Hours, The Bodeans, Art of Noise, The Go-Go's, Nervous Eaters, Pere Ubu, Mission of Burma, Devo, Ramones, Mekons, Au Pairs, Billy Idol,", "title": "Boston Rock" }, { "id": "1392921", "text": "D\" featuring Ty Dolla Sign. In 2017, Ludacris will hosted YouTube's \"Best.Cover.Ever\" show. In 2018, he was featured on country singer Carrie Underwood's single \"The Champion\". The song peaked at number 47 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was the opening song for Super Bowl LII and 2018 Winter Olympics and \"Cry Pretty\". on May 8, 2018 Ludacris received three nominations and one win for the 2018 CMT Music Awards. Ludacris has a daughter named Karma Bridges (born August 2001) from a relationship with an attorney from Atlanta. Since 2009 he has been dating model Eudoxie Mbouguiengue. He has a", "title": "Ludacris" }, { "id": "11220193", "text": "Design award. Performers included Stevie Nicks, Jennifer Hudson and Jesse Tyler Ferguson, and the cast of Hamilton performing the opening number of . On April 24 and 25, 2017, the 31st Annual event raised $6,379,572. Sunset Boulevard raised the most money, followed by Sunday in the Park with George and Dear Evan Hansen. Celebrities included Patti LuPone, Bette Midler, Josh Groban and Ben Platt. The 32nd Annual edition was held April 23 and 24, 2018. Celebrity presenters included Bernadette Peters, Nathan Lane and Andrew Garfield. The show included performances by the casts of SpongeBob SquarePants: The Musical, Dear Evan Hansen", "title": "Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS" }, { "id": "20436443", "text": "speculated as the opening act because her Never Be the Same Tour dates didn't coincide with Swift's tour dates; Portland's Live 95.5 also announced her in a sweepstake for the concert of June 22, 2018 at the Wembley Stadium in London through a since-deleted post on Twitter, a day before Swift confirmed her as the opening act. On May 8, 2018, Swift announced two shows in Tokyo, with Charli XCX as the opening act. In September 2018, Broods was announced as an opening act for the Oceania leg of the tour. The tour has received rave reviews, being commonly labeled", "title": "Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour" }, { "id": "18536288", "text": "Vihar Pocket-1 section due to land issue at the former). The first section on the Pink Line become operational from 14 March 2018 between Majlis Park to Durgabai Deshmukh South Campus, thereafter the section between Durgabai Deshmukh South Campus and Lajpat Nagar was opened on 6 August 2018, Shiv Vihar to Trilokpuri was opened on 31 October 2018. The section between Lajpat Nagar to Mayur Vihar Pocket I is expected to be opened to public by January 2019. The total length of the line is 58.596 km, out of which 39.479 km is elevated and 19.117 km is underground. There", "title": "Pink Line (Delhi Metro)" }, { "id": "15906682", "text": "Ball festivities in New York City's Times Square alongside Gavin DeGraw, where she performed \"Fight Song\", \"Stand by You\", \"Beating Me Up\", and John Lennon's \"Imagine\". In 2017, Platten served as an opening act for two Los Angeles shows and one Las Vegas show on Faith Hill and Tim McGraw’s . \"Broken Glass\", the lead single from her fourth studio album, \"Waves\", was released on August 18, 2017. The album was released on October 27, 2017. In 2018, Platten was the main musical attraction at the Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular. Along with performing her singles \"Stand By You\", \"Better Place\",", "title": "Rachel Platten" }, { "id": "17252369", "text": "Robert Plant, No Doubt, and other popular acts including Public Enemy, Gipsy Kings, Los Lobos, The Avett Brothers, and Snoop Dogg. The 2016 festival which took place on May 27-29th featured headliners Stevie Wonder, Florence + The Machine and Red Hot Chili Peppers along with other popular artists; The Lumineers, Death Cab for Cutie, Lenny Kravitz, Walk the Moon, Rodrigo y Gabriela, Ziggy Marley and Grouplove. The 2017 festival, which took place on May 26-28th, featured performers including Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, Maroon 5, Modest Mouse, Foo Fighters, Live, and The Roots. The announced performers for 2018, set to", "title": "BottleRock Napa Valley" }, { "id": "19836946", "text": "rally in Sacramento earlier that year. Participating artists included Death Cab for Cutie, Aimee Mann, Bhi Bhiman, Jim James, Franz Ferdinand, Josh Ritter, Thao Nguyen, EL VY, R.E.M., Adia Victoria, Moby, Lila Downs, Mac McCaughan, Tim Bluhm, Vinnie Paz, Jesu, Sun Kil Moon, Filthy Friends, Radioinactive, Sheila Brody, Ani DiFranco, Andrew Bird, Mirah, clipping., Sam Cohen, Blake Hazard, Wesley Stace, Loudon Wainwright III, Cold War Kids, Reggie Watts, Mission of Burma, Bob Mould, Ryan Miller, The Long Winters, Open Mike Eagle, Jimmy Eat World, Kyle Craft, Local Natives, Anthony D'Amato, Greg Holden, Laura Gibson, Tim Heidecker, Modern Baseball, Joe Purdy,", "title": "Donald Trump in music" }, { "id": "8644059", "text": "Alex Gordon, Ramón Hernández, Julio Lugo, Brad Wilkerson, Dioner Navarro, Coco Crisp, Hunter Pence, Carlos Beltrán, J. D. Drew, Aaron Hill, Adam Everett, Reggie Willits, Kevin Youkilis, Gerald Laird, Brad Ausmus, Jason Varitek, Jason Phillips, Craig Monroe, Eric Hinske, Rocco Baldelli, Casey Kotchman, Tony Peña, Morgan Ensberg, Nelson Cruz, Sean Casey, Alex Cora, Ryan Sweeney, Erick Aybar, Orlando Palmeiro, Curtis Granderson, Ian Kinsler, Dan Uggla, Paul Konerko, Ryan Zimmerman, Shea Hillenbrand, Brandon Inge, Robby Hammock, Mike Napoli, Luis Castillo, Cristian Guzmán, Gustavo Molina, Justin Morneau, Raúl Ibañez, Derrek Lee, Daryle Ward, Cliff Floyd, Aramis Ramírez, Aaron Rowand, Chase Utley, Ty", "title": "Pink bat" }, { "id": "18918505", "text": "and 8, 2013 featured: Vampire Weekend, Passion Pit, Kendrick Lamar, Local Natives, Major Lazer, The Gaslight Anthem, The Airborne Toxic Event, Wolfgang Gartner, Solange, Bat for Lashes, Flosstradamus, Deer Tick, Okkervil River, Flume, Lucius, Big Black Delta, You Won't, and Bearstronaut. The third Boston Calling, held May 23, 24 and 25, 2014 featured: Jack Johnson, Death Cab for Cutie, Modest Mouse, The Decemberists, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, Brand New, The Head and the Heart, Tegan and Sara, Bastille, Jenny Lewis, Frank Turner and the Sleeping Souls, The Neighbourhood, Phosphorescent, Built to Spill, Kurt Vile and the Violators, Walk", "title": "Boston Calling Music Festival" }, { "id": "20635364", "text": "debut extended play of the same name. \"Hurt Somebody\" was re-recorded later in 2017 featuring Grammy nominated artist Julia Michaels. \"Hurt Somebody\" was released in January 2018. Kahan opened for Ben Folds and Anderson East in the United States in February 2017 and then went on to open for Milky Chance in March 2017. Later opening on an East Coast tour with The Strumbellas that began on October 12, 2017, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and concluded on November 14, 2017, in Buffalo, New York. He performed at \"Billboard\"'s Industry Night on November 16, 2017, at the Ludlow House in New York", "title": "Noah Kahan" }, { "id": "20722217", "text": "KOD Tour The KOD Tour is the eighth headlining concert tour by American recording artist J. Cole, in support his fifth studio album, \"KOD\" (2018). The tour began on August 9, 2018, in Miami, at the American Airlines Arena, and is scheduled to conclude on October 10, 2018, in Boston, at TD Garden. J. Cole announced the tour on May 8, 2018, rapper Young Thug was announced as the supporting act. In an interview with Atlanta's Hot 107.9, rapper Lil Baby revealed that he was originally suppose to be on the tour. On July 30, 2018, it was announced that", "title": "KOD Tour" }, { "id": "18536289", "text": "are 38 stations in the Pink Line, out of which 26 are elevated and 12 are underground. The section between Majlis Park to Durgabai Deshmukh South Campus of the Pink Line was opened to public on 14 March 2018 and the section between Durgabai Deshmuk South Campus to Lajpat Nagar was opened on 6 August 2018 and Shiv Vihar to Trilokpuri was opened on 31 October 2018. Other sections of Pink line is planned to be opened in stages by January 2019. The sections between Lajpat Nagar to Mayur Vihar Pkt-1 is expected to be opened by January 2019. Section", "title": "Pink Line (Delhi Metro)" }, { "id": "1443532", "text": "bass. Neither Dahme nor Neal played on the tour. Boston's sixth album, \"Life, Love & Hope\", was released on December 3, 2013, by Frontiers Records; it includes lead vocals from Brad Delp, Tommy DeCarlo, Kimberley Dahme, David Victor, and Tom Scholz. Work on the album started in 2002. On December 11, 2013, Boston re-recorded a Christmas song, \"God Rest Ye Metal Gentleman 2013\" (previously released in 2002 as \"God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen\"). In 2014 Boston embarked on the \"Heaven on Earth Tour\" spanning the United States and Japan with a lineup including Scholz, Pihl, DeCarlo, Victor and Ferrie. Dahme", "title": "Boston (band)" }, { "id": "12398671", "text": "Jesse Elias, Boots Riley, Glynn Washington, DJ Purple August 8–10 \"Lineup announced April 8, 2014\" Kanye West, Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers, The Killers, Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, Arctic Monkeys, Tiësto, Death Cab For Cutie, Disclosure, The Flaming Lips, Ray LaMontagne, Spoon, Atmosphere, Cut Copy, Tedeschi Trucks Band, Tegan and Sara, Duck Sauce, Haim, Chromeo, Ben Howard, Lykke Li, Chvrches, Paolo Nutini, Capital Cities, Kacey Musgraves, Local Natives, Jenny Lewis, Grouplove, John Butler Trio, Tycho, The Kooks, SBTRKT, Nicki Bluhm & The Gramblers, Boys Noize, Phosphorescent, Run the Jewels (El-P & Killer Mike), Deer Tick, Holy Ghost!, Warpaint, Flume, Lucius,", "title": "Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival" }, { "id": "18663025", "text": "5 song acoustic EP that includes a cover of \"Hotline Bling\" In July 2017, they opened for the band The Who in Quebec City, playing for over 80 000 people, their biggest crowd to date. On 23 September 2017 The Struts opened for The Rolling Stones during the #nofilter tour in Lucca, Italy. On 12 October 2017 The Struts opened for the Foo Fighters at the Washington DC opening of The Anthem as part of the North American leg of the Foo Fighters' Concrete and Gold Tour. In June 2018, the band announced that they finished recording their second album,", "title": "The Struts" }, { "id": "1629565", "text": "; performing a tribute to The Beatles with Larry \"Cha-Chi\" Loprete as the host; \"Parting with The B-52s,\" and giving the world premiere of Sondheim on Sondheim with Philip Boykin, Carmen Cusak, Gabriel Ebert, and Lisa Howard as the vocalists. During the 2018 Pops Spring season, the orchestra worked with both Leslie Odom, Jr. and Andy Grammar (who opened the spring season that year) for the second time, as well as Sutton Foster again, who performed \"A Broadway Celebration\" with the orchestra. Some highlights of the season were the return of Laureate Conductor and legendary film composer John Williams for", "title": "Boston Pops Orchestra" }, { "id": "4843712", "text": "the Cannes Film Festival in 1997 and its orchestral debut with the Oregon Symphony in 1998 under the direction of Norman Leyden. Since then, the band has gone on to play with more than 50 orchestras around the world, including multiple engagements with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl, the Boston Pops, the National Symphony at the Kennedy Center, the San Francisco Symphony, and the BBC Concert Orchestra at Royal Albert Hall in London. Other appearances include the grand opening of the Los Angeles Philharmonic's Frank Gehry-designed Walt Disney Concert Hall, with return sold-out engagements for New Year's", "title": "Pink Martini" }, { "id": "13660209", "text": "be reopened on June 4th, 2015. A new plaque design will be revealed along with the induction of artists Jack White and Loretta Lynn. Honorees are inducted twice annually, in the spring and fall. November 2006 inductees: April 2007 inductees: November 2007 inductees: April 2008 inductees: November 2008, inductees: April 2009 inductees: November 2009 inductees: November 2010 inductees: May 2011 inductees: October 2011 inductee: November 2011 inductees: June 2012 inductees: September 2012 inductees: June 2015 inductees: September 2015 inductees: October 2015 inductees: May 2016 inductees: October 2016 inductees: April 2017 inductees: September 2017 inductees: October 2017 inductee: August 2018 inductees:", "title": "Music City Walk of Fame" }, { "id": "18131037", "text": "an environment of love and celebration of life.” The Weeknd, Arcade Fire, Florence + The Machine, Travis Scott, DJ Snake, ODESZA, N.E.R.D.m Death Cab For Cutie, Tyler the Creator, Justice, Galantis, Bastille, Miguel, St. Vincent, RL Grime, A$AP Ferg, Slyvan Esso, The Neighbourhood, Jungle, What So Not, Blackbear, Flight Facilities, Sabrina Claudio, SOFI TUKKER, 3lau, CHVRCHES, Foster the People, French Montana, Santigold, Cold War Kids, Daniel Caesar, Alison Wonderland, T-Pain, The Drums, Robert De Long, DVBBS, Blood Orange, Wolfmother, Cashmere Cat, Gramatik, Lizzo, The Presets, Lane 8, AJR, Tribal Seeds, Ravyn Lenae, Superorganism, Party Favor, Two Feet, HINDS, Denzel Curry,", "title": "Life Is Beautiful Music & Art Festival" }, { "id": "20878814", "text": "tour in March 2017, the band released their second extended play, \"Homegoro Series\", distributed through Otemoyan Record, a record label imprint founded by Chai. Chai released their debut studio album \"Pink\" in October 2017, reaching number 41 on Oricon's albums chart (however, it was the fourth highest selling independent release on the week). \"Pink\" was well received by critics, being chosen as one of the 10 finalists at the 2018 CD Shop Awards, an award chosen by record store staff from across Japan. In February, \"Pink\" was given a US release by Burger Records, who signed Chai after being impressed", "title": "Chai (band)" }, { "id": "15850116", "text": "Ring, De La Soul, Lord Huron, Mac Miller, Against Me!, Catfish and the Bottlemen, Misterwives, Albert Hammond Jr, Thundercat, Jon Bellion, Marian Hill, Torres, The Knocks, Louis the Child, Nothing (band), Holly Miranda, Eliot Sumner. Sunday Lineup (cancelled): Kanye West, Death Cab for Cutie, Chvrches, Two Door Cinema Club, Chet Faker, Gary Clark Jr, Joey Bada$$, Courtney Barnett, Eagles of Death Metal, Thomas Jack, Cold War Kids, Vince Staples, Galantis, Vic Mensa, Bat for Lashes, Betty Who, Fidlar, Whitney, Whilk & Misky, Day Wave, Blank Range, Tor Miller. The cancellation of Sunday's shows led to some bands' announcing pop-up shows.", "title": "Governors Ball Music Festival" }, { "id": "20436442", "text": "cities. Furthermore, the singer also announced extra shows in North America for Pasadena, Chicago, East Rutherford, Foxborough, Toronto, and Atlanta due to popular demand before the pre-sale began. On December 3, Swift announced five dates for Oceania. In January 2018, due to huge demand, Swift went on to add second dates in Santa Clara, Landover, Philadelphia, Minneapolis and Arlington and third dates in East Rutherford and Foxborough, totalling 40 shows for the tour's North American leg. On March 1, 2018, Swift officially announced Camila Cabello and Charli XCX as the opening acts for the Reputation Stadium Tour. Cabello was previously", "title": "Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour" }, { "id": "1804741", "text": "in 2005, O.A.R. in 2006, Dashboard Confessional, Reel Big Fish and The Starting Line in 2007, Method Man, Redman, Flo Rida and T-Pain in 2008, 50 Cent and Naughty by Nature in 2009, Jack's Mannequin and KiD CuDi in 2010, B.o.B and Far East Movement in 2011, Wiz Khalifa in 2012, Kendrick Lamar and Steve Aoki in 2013, J Cole in 2014, ASAP Ferg and Schoolboy Q in 2015, Fetty Wap in 2016, and Khalid and PnB Rock in 2018. SUBOG planned to host Lil Uzi Vert and Aminé in 2017 but due to a tropical storm grounding all flights", "title": "University of Connecticut" }, { "id": "15749100", "text": "Blue Line of the Jaipur Metro. it also connects Mansarovar, the Largest Colony of Asia with the Jaipur Junction of the Indian Railways and Sindhi Camp Bus Stand. The following dates represent the dates the section opened to the public, not the private inauguration. Under Phase-I B, the Pink Line is expected to be extended further East from Chandpole station by 2.349 km. Two additional stations will be built to extend the line to Badi Chaupar. The stations on this extension are expected to be:<br> \"1) Chhoti Chaupar\"<br> \"2) Badi Chaupar\". The construction of the extension was delayed following the", "title": "Pink Line (Jaipur Metro)" }, { "id": "15346715", "text": "directed by Michael Kang Post-screening Q&A with Director Michael Kang and Writer/Actor Kimberly-Rose Wolter Co-presented by Boston Korea. Screened at AMC Loews Boston Common. 7:30pm Today's Special Co-presented by the National Association of Asian American Professionals (NAAAP)-Boston Opening Performance by The Genki Spark: Taiko Projects with Attitude 2009 | 99 mins | Comedy Stuart Street Playhouse 200 Stuart Street, Boston (T: Arlington) 7:00pm AOKI | Infamy Co-Presented by Discover Roxbury, Boston Center for Community and Justice, and New England Japanese American Citizen LeagueInfamy 2008 | 4 mins | Drama AOKI 2009 | 94 mins | Documentary Paramount Center, Bright Family", "title": "Boston Asian American Film Festival" }, { "id": "9643337", "text": "Worth The Entry Fee\". The festival debuted in 2003 with an audience of 10,000 people and has grown in size each year since (2004–15,000 people, 2005–18,000 people, 2006–22,000 people, 2007–23,000 people, 2008–23,400) making it the largest film festival in New England. Special guests of the festival in its first six years included Steve Buscemi, Chris Cooper, Sir Ben Kingsley, John Waters, Will Arnett, Lili Taylor, Illeana Douglas, Melvin Van Peebles, Noam Chomsky, Michael Almereyda, Robert Vaughn, Bill Pullman, Dylan Baker, Famke Janssen, Mary Stuart Masterson, \"Project Runway\"'s Jay McCarroll, Todd Graff, Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney, Ted Hope, Bob Odenkirk, Bernie Worrell,", "title": "Independent Film Festival Boston" }, { "id": "19403579", "text": "revealed that he was shooting a film in Delhi. It was rumoured that the film was titled \"Eve\". On 13 March Bachchan denied the rumours and announced through Twitter that the film is titled \"Pink\". Director-producer Shoojit Sircar informed that Amitabh Bachchan accepted the role and Taapsee Pannu was their first choice. Andrea Tariang was also selected to play the role of one of the girls in the film. Tushar Pandey, Raashul Tandon and Arjun Chakraborty are making their debut with this film. The principal photography of the film began in New Delhi on International Women's Day, 2016. The looks", "title": "Pink (2016 film)" }, { "id": "15346706", "text": "for over few decades under Asian American Resource Workshop, but finally established its name in 2008 by Susan Chinsen. In 2018, the festival hit its 10 year anniversary, commemorated by 10 days of screenings. Notable films that have screened at BAAFF starting from 2010 include Bertha Bay-Sa Pan's \"Almost Perfect\", Quentin Lee's \"White Frog\" and \"The People I've Slept With\", Michael Kang's \"Knots\", Byron Q's \"Bang Bang\", Minh Duc Nguyen's \"Touch\", Jeff Chiba Stearns's \"One Big Hapa Family\", and a special event honoring veteran actor James Hong entitled \"James Hong, Behind the Scenes Secrets of Hollywood.\" Opening Night Retrospective screening", "title": "Boston Asian American Film Festival" }, { "id": "2961702", "text": "developing sound and new lineup (Rick Barton was featured on three of the album's tracks) and included collaborations with Pogues frontman Shane MacGowan and Cock Sparrer's Colin McFaull. The album would feature the singles and music videos for \"The Spicy McHaggis Jig\", \"The Gauntlet\" and a cover of \"The Wild Rover\" and also featured the Boston College fight song, \"For Boston\", which would go on to become one of the band's most performed show openers. The band would embark on one of their biggest tours at the time. In 2002, the band recorded three shows at the Avalon Ballroom during", "title": "Dropkick Murphys" }, { "id": "14770208", "text": "Almond, Bjorn Again, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Ady Suleiman, Nina Smith and NUSIC's Future Sound of Nottingham Winner 2018 (announced 1 July). Confetti Stage: The Stranglers, Embrace, Peace, Ferocious Dog, Toploader and Ashfields Acoustic Rooms Stage: To Kill A King, George Gadd, Soham De, Joey Costello, Re Teu, Katie Cooper, Daisy Godfrey (more to be announced) Comedy Stage: Brian Krysstal, Dave Twentyman, Andrew Bird, Patrick Monaham, Alan Hudson and The Raymond and Mr Timpkins Revue. 2017's festival was held on Saturday, 23 July. Main Stage: Kaiser Chiefs, Busted, Tony Hadley (ex Spandau Ballet), Gabrielle Aplin, Will Varley, Yola Carter, Georgie and NUSIC's", "title": "Splendour in Nottingham" }, { "id": "16615042", "text": "Nicki stated that this tour will be like her \"Pink Friday Tour on steroids.\" With the tour kicking off in Nottingham, England, the tour has currently received favorable reviews from critics, praising the vibe and production of the tour. But as it kicked off, the tour has also managed to generate controversy. The tour grossed $10 million. It was announced via Minaj's Twitter that British singer-songwriter and the UK's X Factor Semi-finalist Misha B, will be opening for her in the United Kingdom and that Tyga, Nicki's Young Money label mate, will be an opening act for the European leg", "title": "Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour" }, { "id": "19800083", "text": "on April 18, 2017. The song was produced by Boi-1da, with additional production by Allen Ritter, while the additional music by Akira Woodgrain. The song peaked at number 18 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The mixtape's fourth single, \"Portland\", was released to rhythmic contemporary radio on May 16, 2017. The song features guest appearances from American rappers Quavo and Travis Scott, while the production was handled by Murda Beatz, with co-production by Cubeatz. The song peaked at number nine on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The mixtape's fifth single, \"Glow\", was released to urban contemporary radio on June 6,", "title": "More Life" }, { "id": "18536287", "text": "Anand Vihar Terminal (Indian Railways) and the ISBTs at Anand Vihar and Sarai Kale Khan. The Pink Line will have highest point of Delhi Metro at Dhaula Kuan with a height of 23.6 metres, passing over the Dhaula Kuan grade separator flyovers and the Airport Express Line. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) commenced trial runs on the 6.5 km elevated stretch between Shakurpur and Mayapuri stations of the Pink line on 22 June 2017. Progress of civil works up to June 2018 is 98.67%. The line is planned to be opened in stages by December 2018 (except Trilokpuri to Mayur", "title": "Pink Line (Delhi Metro)" }, { "id": "2721127", "text": "Lamar as headlining artists. Beyoncé was originally announced as a headliner but was forced to withdraw at the advice of her doctors after she became pregnant; she announced that she would instead headline the 2018 festival. Other artists who performed at the festival included The xx, Travis Scott, Father John Misty, Empire of the Sun, Dillon Francis, Mac Miller, Bon Iver, Kygo, Future, DJ Snake, Martin Garrix, Schoolboy Q, Gucci Mane, Two Door Cinema Club, Lorde, Justice, New Order, Dreamcar, Porter Robinson & Madeon, Future Islands, Hans Zimmer, PNL and DJ Khaled. Tickets sold out within a few hours of", "title": "Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival" }, { "id": "8743461", "text": "with Naxos. A deluxe version of \"Falling Into Now\" will be released on Spotify Oct. 8th, 2018 to coincide with the success of the album's launch to non commercial radio. Constance is the music director, keyboardist, producer and co-arranger and co-songwriter for the indie soul, rock, funk band Miss Velvet and The Blue Wolf, producing their debut album, \"BAD GET SOME\", at the iconic United Sound Systems Studio in Detroit, Michigan. \"BAD GET SOME\" was released on Isotopia Records Oct. 27, 2017 w/ a debut performance opening for George Clinton and Parliament Funkadelic on Halloween 2017 at BB King's NYC.", "title": "Constance Hauman" }, { "id": "17197545", "text": "the video for their third single, \"Shine\", recreating AC/DC's video for \"It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)\" with the original director Paul Drane. In June, it was announced that the band would be opening for Midnight Oil at the Greek Theater in Los Angeles, alongside The Living End. On the 17th of March 2018, Pool House Records held the inaugural Pool House Party festival at Coburg Velodrome in Melbourne, featuring label mates The Bennies and Jess Locke, local acts like Press Club, WAAX, and Baker Boy, and international guests Astronautalis and Signals Midwest.", "title": "The Smith Street Band" }, { "id": "1443534", "text": "as a vocalist and flautist. Initially, the lineup was to include former Spock's Beard drummer and vocalist Nick D'Virgilio for its first month of shows, with Neal then returning, but D'Virgilio proved \"not the right fit\" and Smith rejoined in his place. This seven-person lineup proved Boston's most stable lineup in some time, touring as well in the summers of 2016 and 2017. The 2016 tour marked the group's 40th anniversary and included shows in Boston's Wang Theatre, their first full performances in their namesake town since 1994. On March 22, 2017, former drummer Sib Hashian died after collapsing during", "title": "Boston (band)" }, { "id": "19690377", "text": "Pink + White \"Pink + White\" is a song by American R&B singer Frank Ocean, released as a part of his 2016 studio album \"Blonde\". The song was written and produced by Ocean and American record producer Pharrell Williams. The song features additional vocals by American singer Beyoncé Knowles-Carter. The track charted at number 84 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, despite not being released as a single. Ocean started as a ghostwriter, penning songs for popular artists such as \"I Miss You\" for Beyoncé in 2011. After the release of his debut mixtape, \"Nostalgia, Ultra\", Ocean picked up the", "title": "Pink + White" }, { "id": "13255303", "text": "OMD, The Cramps, Black Flag, The Pretenders; The Psychedelic Furs; Squeeze; Killing Joke; David Johansen; Tom Petty; Joan Jett, New Order Birdsongs of the Mesozoic, The Alarm, The Shaggs, til Tuesday, Rain Parade, Green On Red, Saccharine Trust, Run-D.M.C., Leaving Trains, and Tiny Tim; just to name a few. Boston Rock Boston Rock was a tabloid format entertainment magazine published in Boston, Massachusetts. Its focus, as stated on the cover was: fashion, style, and entertainment. The main focus was on the local music scene and indie rock. Mike Dreese founded Newbury Comics in Boston in 1978, and started selling music", "title": "Boston Rock" }, { "id": "4473865", "text": "still retains its original name. After the horrific first year, the organizers have been running the festival smoothly up until present. The festival will run from Friday 27 July until Sunday 29 July in 2018. Headline acts on The Green Stage are N.E.R.D, Kendrick Lamar, and Bob Dylan. Other major acts include: Mac DeMarco, Tune-Yards, Jon Hopkins, Hanaregumi, MGMT, Princess Nokia, The Avalanches (DJ Set), Nathaniel Rateliff & the Night Sweats, Dirty Projectors , Hothouse Flowers , and Greensky Bluegrass. The festival ran from Friday 28 July until Sunday 30 July in 2017. Headline acts on The Green Stage were", "title": "Fuji Rock Festival" }, { "id": "3038884", "text": "Future \"Cotton Club Stage\" Saturday: Sunflower Bean, AJR, Broods, The Naked and Famous Sunday: Trippie Redd, Joywave, Lizzo, Russ One 2-Day Regular General Admission Ticket cost $178.72, including $33.72 of service charges. Dates: September 15, 2018 – September 16, 2018 \"Salesforce Stage\" Saturday:The Aces, Twin Shadow, Rainbow Kitten Surprise, Thirty Seconds To Mars, Post Malone Sunday:Sir, Two Feet, Janelle Monáe, Gucci Mane, Kendrick Lamar \"Great Southeast Music Hall Stage\" Saturday:Arthur Buck, Billie Eilish, Kacey Musgraves Portugal. The Man Sunday:Black Pistol Fire, Arizona, Bazzi, Khalid \"Roxy Stage\" Saturday:Mattiel, Lovelytheband, Børns, The Revivalists, Fall Out Boy Sunday:Berklee College of Music, K.Flay, Butch", "title": "Music Midtown" }, { "id": "18918502", "text": "its quality of production. It was also named one of the Top 10 Festivals in the U.S. by \"Consequence of Sound\". Boston's Calling's line-up is co-curated by Aaron Dessner of The National. Performers of past Boston Callings have included Sia, The National, Beck, My Morning Jacket, Of Monsters and Men, Fun., Kendrick Lamar, Passion Pit, Vampire Weekend, Modest Mouse, Airborne Toxic Event, Disclosure, and Eminem. Boston Calling is produced by Crash Line Productions, a Boston-based entertainment production company which also produces Eaux Claires Music & Arts Festival in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. The name of the festival is a reference to", "title": "Boston Calling Music Festival" }, { "id": "17851832", "text": "Alma, Frank Ocean, Aphex Twin. The 2018 edition of Flow was held from 10 to 12 August. The 2018 festival was headlined by Patti Smith, Arctic Monkeys and Kendrick Lamar. Next Flow Festival will take place from 9 to 11 August, 2019. As of December 2018, the announced lineup includes The Cure, Tame Impala, Robyn, Modeselektor and Mitski. Flow Festival has been awarded the Music & Media Finland Best Festival award four times in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013. In 2013, Flow Festival was also nominated as \"Best Medium-Sized Festival\" at the European Festivals Awards. Flow Festival Flow Festival (commonly", "title": "Flow Festival" }, { "id": "20912709", "text": "Quavo Huncho Quavo Huncho is the debut studio album by American rapper Quavo. It was released on October 12, 2018, by Capitol Records, Motown and Quality Control Music. The album features guest appearances from fellow Migos members Takeoff and Offset, plus appearances from 21 Savage, Drake, Saweetie, Madonna, Cardi B, Lil Baby, Travis Scott, Normani, Davido and Kid Cudi. The album was preceded by four singles: \"Workin Me\", \"Lamb Talk\", \"Bubble Gum\" and \"Pass Out\" featuring 21 Savage. On August 10, 2018, Quavo released three singles to precede the album: \"Workin Me\", \"Lamb Talk\" and \"Bubble Gum\". The former single", "title": "Quavo Huncho" }, { "id": "20373626", "text": "Originally, the singer has planned to play 40 shows, but due to high demand, second dates in Chicago, Toronto, New York City, Boston, Washington, D.C., Houston, Dallas and Oakland were later added. On October 9, 2017, she announced 17 dates in Australia and New Zealand. However, due to overwhelming demand, new shows were added, bringing the total number to 42 shows in Oceania. On May 3, 2018, after incredible success and demand, Pink announced a second North American leg starting in 2019. Dates include rescheduled shows for Detroit and Montreal after she was forced to cancel them due to illness.", "title": "Beautiful Trauma World Tour" }, { "id": "16824927", "text": "charts in Spain, Ecuador, Chile and El Salvador, while reaching number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Songs chart. Her success led her to collaborate with artists such as Daddy Yankee, French Montana and David Guetta, in addition to being the opening act for girl group Fifth Harmony, for the Latin American leg of their PSA Tour, with shows in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico, that same year. In April 2018, she released another hit single \"Sin Pijama\" with singer Natti Natasha, which also entered the top five of the Hot Latin Songs, peaked at number one in Spain and the", "title": "Becky G" }, { "id": "15545781", "text": "open for The Hip Hop Gods Tour in Los Angeles at The Novo (formerly Club Nokia), Kydd opened for The Art Of Rap Fest with Public Enemy, Ice-T, Naughty By Nature, Mobb Deep & EPMD at the Lakewood Amphitheatre in Atlanta during 2016. He released \"Sounds In My Head 2: The Righteous Edition\" later that year with features from Skyzoo, Yelawolf, Pac Div, A.Dd+, Cory Kendrix, Max Frost, GLC & Tank Washington. In 2018, Kydd released an album entitled \"Homecoming\", an EP with producer Insightful of Soulection, and performed at Austin City Limits Festival 2018 with acts like Paul McCartney,", "title": "Kydd (rapper)" }, { "id": "20842282", "text": "The Sky Is Pink The Sky Is Pink is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language biographical drama film directed by Shonali Bose and co-produced by Siddharth Roy Kapur, Ronnie Screwvala and Chopra under the banner of RSVP Movies, Roy Kapur Films and Purple Pebble Pictures. It stars Zaira Wasim, Priyanka Chopra, and Farhan Akhtar, and is based on motivational speaker Aisha Chaudhary who was diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis. Principal photography began in August 2018. Filming began on 8th of August 2018 in Mumbai. The second schedule of the film began on 13 October 2018 in London and wrapped on 17 October 2018.", "title": "The Sky Is Pink" }, { "id": "20842283", "text": "The Sky Is Pink The Sky Is Pink is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language biographical drama film directed by Shonali Bose and co-produced by Siddharth Roy Kapur, Ronnie Screwvala and Chopra under the banner of RSVP Movies, Roy Kapur Films and Purple Pebble Pictures. It stars Zaira Wasim, Priyanka Chopra, and Farhan Akhtar, and is based on motivational speaker Aisha Chaudhary who was diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis. Principal photography began in August 2018. Filming began on 8th of August 2018 in Mumbai. The second schedule of the film began on 13 October 2018 in London and wrapped on 17 October 2018.", "title": "The Sky Is Pink" }, { "id": "14235258", "text": "Groove Armada, Friendly Fires, Emeli Sandé, Maverick Sabre, Kelis, Little Dragon, Norman Jay, Delilah, Soul II Soul Sunday Main Stage: Grace Jones, Lana Del Rey, Chaka Khan, Chic, Crystal Fighters, The Rapture, Sam Sparro, Niki & The Dove, and Mika. Headliners: Plan B, Azealia Banks, Goldfrapp, Jurassic 5, D'Angelo, Hurts, Rudimental, Netsky (Live), Lil' Kim (cancelled), Kelis, Lianne La Havas, AlunaGeorge, MS MR, Foreign Beggars. Plus performances from: A Love From Outer Space, A-Trak, Amplify Dot, Andrew Weatherall, Andreya Triana, Annie Mac, Antics, Art Department, Artwork, Auntie Flo, B-Traits, Ben Seagren, Benoit & Sergio (Live), Bicep, Big Deal, Bipolar Sunshine,", "title": "Lovebox Festival" }, { "id": "19189832", "text": "outlets, including Rolling Stone Country, Spotify, and Taste of Country. He has been heavily promoted by SiriusXM’s senior director of programming J.R. Schumann on station “The Highway.” The station also had him open their inaugural “The Highway Finds Tour.” Moakler made his Grand Ole Opry debut on March 19, 2016. He opened for parts of Dan + Shay's \"Obsessed Tour\", Old Dominion's \"Meat & Candy Tour\", Willie Nelson's \"God's Problem Child Tour\", and Tim McGraw and Faith Hill's \"\". Moakler toured in late 2017 and late 2018 on the \"Hometowns and Campgrounds Tour,\" and he headlined in spring 2018 on", "title": "Steve Moakler" }, { "id": "19679538", "text": "band toured with Lemuria. They have also played with Waxahatchee, Laura Stevenson, Kate Nash, Grace Petrie, Doe, LVL UP, the Homosexuals, Thee Faction and Josie Long. Also in 2017 they released a new track online, a version of Demi Lovato's \"Cool for the Summer\". Later that year their debut album was reissued in Indonesia. In 2018, Colour Me Wednesday released second album \"Counting Pennies in the Afterlife\", produced by MJ of Hookworms. Preview single \"Sunriser\" was released in May with an accompanying video. Additionally, a single of the previously-released \"Don't Tell Anyone\" and new b-side \"Blossom\" was released in April", "title": "Colour Me Wednesday" }, { "id": "20026132", "text": "Painting Pictures Painting Pictures is the debut studio album by American rapper Kodak Black. It was released on March 31, 2017, by Dollaz N Dealz Entertainment, Sniper Gang and Atlantic Records. Recording sessions took place from 2016 to 2017, at the Pink House Studios in Miami, Florida, with production provided by Metro Boomin, Southside and Mike Will Made It; as well as guest appearances from Future, Young Thug, Bun B and Jeezy, among others. The album was supported by three singles: \"There He Go\", \"Tunnel Vision\", and \"Patty Cake\". The album's lead single, \"There He Go\", was released on December", "title": "Painting Pictures" }, { "id": "20722218", "text": "rapper Jaden Smith, duo EarthGang and Cole's alter ego kiLL edward would be joining Young Thug as supporting acts on the tour. This set list is representative of the show on August 9, 2018 in Miami. It is not representative of all concerts for the duration of the tour. KOD Tour The KOD Tour is the eighth headlining concert tour by American recording artist J. Cole, in support his fifth studio album, \"KOD\" (2018). The tour began on August 9, 2018, in Miami, at the American Airlines Arena, and is scheduled to conclude on October 10, 2018, in Boston, at", "title": "KOD Tour" }, { "id": "1699791", "text": "as a child, seeing Whitney Houston sing at Super Bowl XXV in 1991. On March 1, 2018, Pink started her seventh concert tour, the Beautiful Trauma World Tour, which was scheduled to visit North America and Oceania until September 8, 2018. She later decided to extend the tour until May 2019 including Europe. On April 6, 2018, she was featured on Elton John's \"Revamp\" \"&\" \"Restoration\", singing the song \"Bennie and the Jets\", with Elton John himself and Logic. On April 17, 2018, People teased its 2018 \"Most Beautiful\" cover star by calling her \"a performer, mother and role model", "title": "Pink (singer)" }, { "id": "1443531", "text": "August 2011 in order to focus on Stryper. In 2012, guitarist and vocalist David Victor joined the band, beginning in the studio, where he contributed vocals to several tracks on the album in progress. Scholz and Pihl led the band on a 2012 North American tour, beginning on June 28, 2012, at the Seminole Hard Rock Live arena in Hollywood, Florida and ending on September 8 at the U.S. Cellular Grandstand in Hutchinson, Kansas. Victor and DeCarlo shared lead vocals, with drummer Curly Smith returning for the first time in over a decade, and former Stryper member Tracy Ferrie on", "title": "Boston (band)" }, { "id": "17306658", "text": "Shelby Earl Shelby Earl is an American singer-songwriter and musician based in Seattle, Washington. Earl's first solo album, \"Burn the Boats\", was produced by John Roderick (featuring members of Telekinesis, The Long Winters, Fleet Foxes and more) and released on Local 638 Records (owned and operated by Visqueen's Rachel Flotard). In 2011 NPR's Ann Powers named Earl her \"new favorite songwriter\" and Amazon.com dubbed her album the \"#1 Outstanding 2011 Album You Might Have Missed\". Since the release of her debut album, Earl has opened for Benjamin Gibbard of Death Cab For Cutie, Loudon Wainwright III, Rhett Miller of the", "title": "Shelby Earl" }, { "id": "20875370", "text": "This Is America Tour The This Is America Tour is the fifth and final headlining tour by American musician Childish Gambino, the rap alias of Donald Glover. It's in support of his album \"Awaken, My Love!\" and also features songs from his album \"Because the Internet\", extended play \"Kauai\", and various singles from the past year such as the hit single \"This is America\" and the extended play \"Summer Pack\". The tour began on September 6, 2018, in Atlanta, Georgia, Glover's hometown, and concluded on December 17, 2018, in Los Angeles, California. Rae Sremmurd opened the tour between September 6", "title": "This Is America Tour" }, { "id": "13356499", "text": "The Big Pink The Big Pink are an English electronic rock band from London, consisting of multi-instrumentalists Robertson \"Robbie\" Furze, Lady Mary Charteris, Nicole Emery and Bradford Lee Conroy. Initially a duo, they signed to independent record label 4AD in 2009 and won the \"NME\" Philip Hall Radar Award for best new act. To date, they have released five singles, with their debut album \"A Brief History of Love\" released in September 2009 and its follow-up, \"Future This\" released in January 2012. Robertson \"Robbie\" Furze and Milo Cordell started working together as The Big Pink in 2008, taking their name", "title": "The Big Pink" }, { "id": "20373624", "text": "Beautiful Trauma World Tour The Beautiful Trauma World Tour is the current seventh concert tour by American singer Pink, in support of her seventh studio album, \"Beautiful Trauma\" (2017). The tour began in Phoenix on March 1, 2018, and is scheduled to end on October 5, 2019, in Rio de Janeiro. After the end of the successful The Truth About Love Tour (which was the third best-selling tour of 2013 with $147.9 million in ticket revenue) and the release of the album \"rose ave.\" with Canadian singer-songwriter Dallas Green under the name You+Me, Pink took a break. However, during this", "title": "Beautiful Trauma World Tour" }, { "id": "15095469", "text": "incorporated into hip-hop music in this manner. J. Ivy has performed with, toured with and/or opened for Tarrey Torae, John Legend, Common, Kanye West, Erykah Badu, Stevie Wonder, Bob Dylan, The Wallflowers, Ghostface Killah, Scott Storch, The Roots, Consequence, GLC, Bo Diddley, Miri Ben-Ari, Doug E. Fresh, Talib Kweli, Mos Def, Jill Scott, Dave Chappelle, Method Man, Ludacris, Shawnna, Femi Kuti, Patti LaBelle, El DeBarge, Carl Thomas, The Last Poets, Gil Scott-Heron, Nikki Giovanni, Sonia Sanchez, Lauryn Hill, Roy Ayers, Usher, Trey Songz, The Black Crowes, Nas, India.Arie, Jaguar Wright, Malik Yusef, Cedric the Entertainer, Floetry, Anthony Hamilton, Lyfe Jennings,", "title": "J. Ivy" }, { "id": "6058902", "text": "November 1, 2016, NBCUniversal officially announced that NBC Boston would be simulcast on WBTS-LD and WNEU-DT2 after it launches on January 1, 2017. On New Year's Day 2017, NBC Boston was added to Time Warner Cable systems (via the WNEU-DT2 Channel 60.2 feed), to channel 23 in Athol/Orange, Massachusetts, channel 3 in Keene, New Hampshire, and channel 22 in Middleton, New Hampshire and in high definition on digital channel 1205 in Athol/Orange, Massachusetts, as well as both Keene and Middleton, New Hampshire. The station's digital channel is multiplexed: WNEU shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 60, on June", "title": "WNEU" }, { "id": "20593202", "text": "2015 Bonnaroo lineup and was cited by \"Rolling Stone\" as Bonnaroo’s “Best-Kept Secret” comparing them to Phish, Disco Biscuits and Frank Zappa. Other dates included opening for String Cheese Incident in Red Rocks, Colorado in 2015; joining Ween, Greyboy Allstars, The Nth Power with Trey Anastasio Band horns and more in 2017 at California’s High Sierra Music Festival; as well as performing on the Jam Cruise 15 to Jamaica with Widespread Panic, Ivan Neville, Percy Hall, among others. The band’s 2017 tour included multi-night dates in the same city, explained by the \"Boston Globe\" as giving “the group a more", "title": "Dopapod" }, { "id": "20680533", "text": "album. Cole held a second listening session in London the next day. On April 18, 2018, Cole revealed the track listing for \"KOD\". In order to promote the album, Cole announced the KOD Tour on May 8, 2018. The tour included 34 North American dates, starting in Miami, on August 9 and concluded in Boston, on October 10, 2018. In an interview with Atlanta's Hot 107.9, rapper Lil Baby revealed that he was originally suppose to be on the tour. Young Thug, Jaden Smith, EarthGang and Cole's alter ego kiLL edward served as supporting acts on the tour. On May", "title": "KOD (album)" }, { "id": "20912714", "text": "from iTunes and Tidal. Notes Quavo Huncho Quavo Huncho is the debut studio album by American rapper Quavo. It was released on October 12, 2018, by Capitol Records, Motown and Quality Control Music. The album features guest appearances from fellow Migos members Takeoff and Offset, plus appearances from 21 Savage, Drake, Saweetie, Madonna, Cardi B, Lil Baby, Travis Scott, Normani, Davido and Kid Cudi. The album was preceded by four singles: \"Workin Me\", \"Lamb Talk\", \"Bubble Gum\" and \"Pass Out\" featuring 21 Savage. On August 10, 2018, Quavo released three singles to precede the album: \"Workin Me\", \"Lamb Talk\" and", "title": "Quavo Huncho" }, { "id": "2221638", "text": "require public ownership of the hotel. The plan was presented by Atlanta-based Portman Holdings LP, one of the nation's largest developers of convention hotels. The team also includes Treyball Development Inc., a company based in Beverly Hills, Calif., that is owned by the actor Will Smith and his brother, Harry. No brand name was included in the proposal. The project would be paid for with private financing, tax-increment financing, which dedicates future tax receipts to the development, or through sale of tax-exempt bonds, depending on the city's preference. The RLJ proposal also included 1,000 parking spaces and 75,000 sq ft", "title": "Hilton Baltimore" }, { "id": "18914733", "text": "returned to Pimlico on August 12-13 with headliners Zeds Dead, Pretty Lights, Carnage, and Dillstradamus. The 2018 edition of the festival is scheduled for August 11-12 with the headliners list including the likes of Marshmello, Diplo, and Cashmere Cat. Moonrise (festival) Moonrise Festival is an annual electronic dance music (EDM) festival held in Baltimore, Maryland. In 2013, the festival was scheduled to be held on June 8 and 9 in Port Covington. However, the festival was cancelled due to event organizers failing to get the necessary city permits. In 2014, the festival was held at Pimlico Race Course and was", "title": "Moonrise (festival)" }, { "id": "19470540", "text": "the Moment\" was released on October 4, mixed by Sam Kassirer (Josh Ritter, Lake Street Dive). At this time the band began working with long time Letters To Cleo manager Michael Creamer. Before their release show, the band performed at the ‘Sound of Our Town Boston’ featuring Aimee Mann and Ted Leo’s The Both at Boston’s The Lawn on D. On October 25th they opened for The Counting Crows at the Bowery Electric as part of the Outlaw Roadshow in NYC, put on by Ryan Spaulding and Adam Duritz. Rob Ross of popdose.com wrote that 'The Problem With Living in", "title": "The Grownup Noise" }, { "id": "11089703", "text": "Monkeys, Deborah Gibson, Tiffany, Swing Out Sister, Kiss, Aerosmith, Bon Jovi, Boyz II Men, Lenny Kravitz, Meja, Charlotte Church, Alanis Morissette, Enya, David Guetta, David Bisbal, Destiny's Child, t.A.T.u., Michelle Branch, Shakira, Soy Luna, Soy Luna Live, SKE48, Alicia Keys, Busta Rhymes, BTS, Beyoncé, Holly Valance, Britney Spears, Mariah Carey, Morning Musume, Avril Lavigne, Hilary Duff, The Offspring, Ana Johnsson, Backstreet Boys, Stevie Wonder, James Blunt, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jennifer Lopez, Daniel Powter, Fergie, Sarah Brightman, Delta Goodrem, U2, John Legend, Kanye West, Keyakizaka46, My Chemical Romance, Maroon 5, Leona Lewis, Flo Rida, Lady Gaga, The Black Eyed Peas,", "title": "MusicStation" }, { "id": "1443525", "text": "test the album's appeal to a younger demographic. The song reached No. 2 on the progressive rock charts on the website for two weeks. November 2002 marked the release of \"Corporate America\" on the independent label Artemis Records. This album featured the largest Boston lineup ever; returning members included Delp and Cosmo on guitar and lead vocals, Scholz on lead guitar and organ, and Gary Pihl on guitar, along with new members Anthony Cosmo on rhythm guitar, Jeff Neal on drums and Kimberley Dahme on bass and vocals. Dahme, Delp, and Cosmo all contributed lead vocals to the album. The", "title": "Boston (band)" }, { "id": "20317806", "text": "streams on Spotify and Apple Music. In February 2018, Amorim started teasing new music on Twitter. His second album, \"LO:ST\", was released on June 15, 2018, and was supported by two singles: \"Chill\", which was released in 2017, and \"Alter Ego\". He also announced a summer tour, \"The LO:ST Boys Tour\". Anthony Amorim Anthony Joseph Amorim (born November 22, 1997) is an American musician and actor. He started acting at the age of 6, and has since made numerous appearances on ABC's \"What Would You Do?\", as well as appearances on shows such as \"Saturday Night Live\" and \"The Good", "title": "Anthony Amorim" }, { "id": "20814085", "text": "No Brainer (song) \"No Brainer\" is a song by American musician DJ Khaled, featuring guest vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber and American rappers Chance the Rapper and Quavo. The song was released on July 27, 2018 by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records, the second single from Khaled's upcoming eleventh studio album, \"Father of Asahd\" (2019). It marks the second collaboration between Khaled, Bieber, Chance the Rapper and Quavo, following \"I'm the One\". Khaled produced the song with DaviDor, Sir Nolan, Nic Nac and Poo Bear. The song peaked within the top ten of the charts in", "title": "No Brainer (song)" }, { "id": "20596480", "text": "in January 2018 that Sony reported cost $14 million to make but other sources listed at as high as $30 million. The soundtrack for the film was curated by American rapper Future, who also acted as a producer on the film. It features 13 new and previously released songs, as well as guest appearances from Miguel, Lil Wayne, Khalid, Ty Dolla Sign, Young Thug, PartyNextDoor, H.E.R., Gunna, Sleepy Brown, and Yung Bans, among others. \"Superfly\" was initially scheduled to be released on June 15, 2018. Three weeks prior, it was moved up two days to June 13, 2018, in order", "title": "Superfly (2018 film)" }, { "id": "19158028", "text": "released in October 2017. She later opened for Horan on his 2018 Flicker World Tour. She collaborated with Zedd and Grey on \"The Middle\", released in January 2018. That single, which combined elements of country, pop, and electronic dance music, reached No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In December 2015, Morris began dating fellow country singer Ryan Hurd, who she had first met in a co-write back in 2013. They became engaged in July 2017. The two were married on March 24, 2018, in Nashville, Tennessee. Headlining Opening In July 2018, it was announced that Morris will be one", "title": "Maren Morris" }, { "id": "7717267", "text": "other musical projects. Friction, Decious, and Ferrari eventually reunited and performed at The Viper Room in June 2010; Friction officially announced their return. The group released a two-track single and completed the \"2 Legit 2 Quit Tour\" in 2011. In August 2016, the band performed a sold out show at the Mercy Lounge in Nashville, TN to celebrate the ten year anniversary of their Geffen Records release \"Teenage Graffiti\". A fourth full-length LP \"Mutations\" is scheduled for release July 31, 2018 followed by a nationwide tour. In 2003, Matthew Bell (known as \"Matt Friction\") led the Nashville quartet, Silent Friction,", "title": "The Pink Spiders" }, { "id": "20308220", "text": "on July 22, 2018, in Paso Robles. DJ Khaled and Kehlani were announced as opening acts on the first North American leg of the tour. Jax Jones and Joy were announced as opening acts on the European leg. Iggy Azalea and Lauv were set to perform as opening acts on the second North American leg of the tour, in which one of the shows was cancelled, leaving Azalea as the only opening act on the leg. Becky G and Jorge Blanco were announced as opening acts on the Latin America leg of the tour, which was later canceled due to", "title": "Tell Me You Love Me (album)" }, { "id": "5345095", "text": "musician Walt Ribeiro to complete his album \"This Gigantic Robot Kills\". Nielsen has opened for Snoop Dogg, I Fight Dragons, the Matches, Lupe Fiasco, Nas, Simple Plan, Bowling for Soup, Gym Class Heroes, Say Anything, Streetlight Manifesto, Suburban Legends, Test Icicles, Jack's Mannequin, Patent Pending, Bayside, Fightstar, MC Frontalot, mc chris, Wheatus, the Aquabats, T-Pain, Yung Joc, Cartel, Zebrahead. and Insane Clown Posse. Originally releasing tracks under the name Lars Horris, Nielsen eventually dropped Horris (which later became the name of his record label), becoming MC Lars. Lars plays with a laptop and occasionally a punk rock band to back", "title": "MC Lars" }, { "id": "19722819", "text": "is the lead vocalist, with Mulholland on low harmony and mandolin, and Wayne on high harmony. The three met in Nashville and wrote their debut single \"Lipstick\" with assistance from Rebecca Lynn Howard, Caroline Hobby (also a former member of Stealing Angels), and Elisha Hoffman. The song was released in 2016 via Broken Bow Records' Wheelhouse Records imprint. An uncredited review from \"Taste of Country\" praised the \"original premise\" and vocal harmonies. They released their debut EP in September 2018. The group will support Carrie Underwood on her Cry Pretty 360 Tour beginning in May 2019 alongside Maddie & Tae.", "title": "Runaway June" }, { "id": "15850115", "text": "were subject to heavy rains, but the event was not cancelled. However, Sunday was cancelled due to heavy rain and safety concerns, and fans received refunds; festival management wrote: \"The safety of fans, artists and crew always comes first.\" Friday Lineup: The Strokes, Beck, Robyn, Of Monsters And Men, Jamie XX, Matt and Kim, Bloc Party, Father John Misty, BIG Grams, Action Bronson, Duke Dumont, Years & Years, Christine and the Queens, Bob Moses, Elle King, Bully, Meg Mac, Boogie, The London Souls, Black Pistol Fire, Public Access T.V., Transviolet. Saturday Lineup: The Killers, M83, Haim, Miike Snow, Miguel, Purity", "title": "Governors Ball Music Festival" }, { "id": "257423", "text": "Rossington. Former member Ed King, who had been battling cancer, died in his Nashville, Tennessee home on August 22, 2018 at 68 years of age. On January 25, 2018, Lynyrd Skynyrd announced their Last of the Street Survivors Farewell Tour, which started on May 4, 2018. Supporting acts include Kid Rock, Hank Williams Jr., Bad Company, The Charlie Daniels Band, The Marshall Tucker Band, .38 Special, Cheap Trick, Blackberry Smoke, and Blackfoot. Concerts are on Fridays and Saturdays except a special show in Jacksonville on Sunday, September 2. In 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" magazine ranked the group No. 95 on their", "title": "Lynyrd Skynyrd" }, { "id": "19470538", "text": "led by Craig Grossman. They also performed with Lucius at the Berklee College of Music SXSW Showcase that year, and opened for Young@Heart in Northampton, MA. During this time the band transitioned from Katie Franich to Rachel Barringer on cello. In April 2012, they were featured as the ceremonial, non-competing guest band at the Boston Rock 'n' Roll Rumble. And in December the band covered Slow Runner’s ‘Break Your Mama’s Back’ for the special re-issue of SR’s album No Disassemble. In 2013, the band toured the Midwest with Golden Bloom, and Timmy Williams of The Whitest Kids U' Know. They", "title": "The Grownup Noise" }, { "id": "20776547", "text": "largest crowd on a single show of the tour with 13,470 in attendance on May 2. This set list is from the concert on May 30, 2018, in Toronto, Canada. It is not intended to represent all tour dates. Roxy Tour Roxy Tour is the third headlining concert tour by American singer Khalid, in support of his debut studio album \"American Teen\" (2017). The tour began on January 27, 2018, in New York City at the Radio City Music Hall, and concluded on June 7, 2018, in Raleigh, at Red Hat Amphitheater. Khalid embarked on The Location Tour and American", "title": "Roxy Tour" }, { "id": "14775781", "text": "that a new SONOIO record was in the works, and that there would be \"new music before the end of the year\". On September 15, 2014, a new video was posted by Alessandro Cortini's YouTube account for a song entitled \"Thanks for Calling\". Cortini released his third and final album as SONOIO, \"Fine\", in July 2018. In autumn 2011, SONOIO toured with Ladytron as the opening act in their \"Gravity the Seducer\" headline tour in North America. SONOIO SONOIO is a solo project of Alessandro Cortini, part of the Nine Inch Nails lineup from 2005 to present, and a member", "title": "SONOIO" }, { "id": "13689750", "text": "at XHALE. Rebecca Morgan Frank, Krysten Hill, and Natalie Shapero were the featured poets. The 2018 festival was held on October 13. It was the tenth annual event and took place in venues throughout Copley Square, including Emmanuel Church, French Cultural Center, Church of the Covenant, Trinity Church, Old South Church, Boston Public Library, Prudential Center, Boston Architectural College, and Room & Board. For the first time, East Boston and Roxbury were included as satellites. Also for the first time, a \"Hide-a-Book\" event was held on Tuesday the 9th, during which Boston Book Festival volunteers hid books in and around", "title": "Boston Book Festival" }, { "id": "16843374", "text": "jaan\" in Desi Rockstar 2 album by Gippy Grewal, \"Junoon\" by singer Abhijit Saawant and \"Mitran Di Chatri\" by Babbu Mann. Kulhari began her film acting career with \"\", which released in October 2010. Kulhari got noticed for her second film as an actor in \"Shaitan\", which released in June 2011. In 2016, she was seen in \"Pink\" with Tapsee Pannu and Amitabh Bacchan for which she got praised. The film was both commercially & critically success. In 2017, she appeared in the title role of Indu in Madhur Bhandarkar's political thriller film \"Indu Sarkar\". In 2018, she starred in", "title": "Kirti Kulhari" }, { "id": "15810617", "text": "The 2015 LouFest music festival was held on September 12 and 13, a Saturday and Sunday. The lineup was officially released on May 15. Saturday: Hozier, Ludacris, Brandon Flowers, Nate Ruess, Blue October, Albert Hammond Jr., Nico & Vinz, Robert DeLong, Milo Greene, Knox Hamilton, Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas, Colony House, Brave Baby, The Black Cadillacs, Coin, Clockwork, KOA Sunday: The Avett Brothers, Young the Giant, Billy Idol, Umphrey's McGee, Lord Huron, JJ Grey & Mofro, Pokey Lafarge, Misterwives, Delta Rae, Strand of Oaks, The Suffers, Walking Shapes, All Them Witches, The Bros. Landreth, Hembree, American Wrestlers, Earl Burrows", "title": "LouFest" }, { "id": "2403774", "text": "ditty \"Pump It Up\" for Crystal Light, which was briefly available as an online download. She starred in the unreleased 2008 movie \"American Indian\" as Young Darlene. She wrote the music for the song \"On Penguin Pond\" featured on the Jim Henson Company's \"Sid The Science Kid Soundtrack – Volume One\" (2009). Stefanie Ridel has turned her focus towards writing and producing music. She co-wrote and produced tracks for the following artists: Slumber Party Girls, Joanna Pacitti, Prima J, Girlicious, Pussycat Dolls, LaKisha Jones, Orianthi, Days Difference, Allison Iraheta, Vanessa Amorosi, Miley Cyrus, Christina Aguilera (on the \"Burlesque\" Motion Picture", "title": "Wild Orchid (band)" }, { "id": "1990910", "text": "an annual festival held in April known as SpringFest. SpringFest headliners have included Vida Blue, The Roots, Cake, Keller Williams, Gov't Mule, co-headliners Robert Randolph & the Family Band, Ziggy Marley, and Talib Kweli. Other acts to perform at various SpringFests have included The Meditations, Toots & the Maytals, Soulive, Rjd2, Apollo Sunshine, Ratatat in 2009, MSTRKRFT in 2010, The Roots and Thievery Corporation in 2011, Dillon Francis in 2012, MGMT in 2013, Atmosphere in 2014, The Disco Biscuits in 2015, The Head and the Heart in 2016, Two Door Cinema Club in 2017, and Playboi Carti in 2018. The", "title": "University of Vermont" } ]

[ "in London, England" ]

[ { "id": "6133900", "text": "Harrison family of Virginia The Harrison family of Virginia, primarily consisting of two branches, is a notable political family in U.S. history. The family's origin is in England; members of one branch immigrated to Virginia before 1633, settled on the James River, and are occasionally referred to as the James River Harrisons. This branch includes successive generations who served in the colonial Virginia legislature, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and several Virginia Governors. Also notably descended from the James River family were two presidents of the United States, William Henry Harrison and Benjamin Harrison. The family produced as", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133901", "text": "well two mayors of Chicago, and members of the U. S. House of Representatives. The second branch of the Virginia Harrisons descends from an interim chaplain of the Jamestown Colony, who returned to England. The family later immigrated in 1687, first to New England, and then settled in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia fifty years later. They include the founder of the city of Harrisonburg, and brought forth another of the nation's presidents, Abraham Lincoln. This branch also includes noted physicians, educators, and local officials. Genealogists believe the Harrisons were Viking warriors of Norse origin, and that they arrived in", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "1662294", "text": "a cult hero in Russia. Harrison was born as Henry Maxwell Dempsey in Stamford, Connecticut. His father, Henry Leo Dempsey, a printer who was partly of Irish descent, changed his name to Harrison soon after Harry was born. Harry did not know this himself until he was 30 years old, at which point he changed his name to Harry Max Harrison in court. His mother, Ria H. (Kirjassoff), was Russian Jewish. She had been born in Riga, Latvia, but she grew up in St. Petersburg, Russia. Her brother, Max David Kirjassoff (1888-1923), had been an American consul in Japan, but", "title": "Harry Harrison (writer)" }, { "id": "461934", "text": "9, 1773, at Berkeley Plantation, the Harrison family home along the James River in Charles City County, Virginia. He was a member of a prominent political family of English descent, whose ancestors had been in Virginia since the 1630s. Harrison was the last U.S. president born as a British subject before the American Revolution. His father was a Virginia planter who served as a delegate to the Continental Congress (1774–1777) and who signed the Declaration of Independence. The senior Harrison also served in the Virginia legislature, and as the fifth governor of Virginia (1781–84) in the years during and after", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "6133904", "text": "\"gules\" (red) signaling strength/martyrdom. This is established by the pedigree of Robert Harrison in 1630, depicting him as the grandson of Rowland Harrison of Barnard Castle in Durham. Among the First Families of Virginia, the James River Harrisons came to the Colony of Virginia in 1630 when Benjamin Harrison I (1594–1648) (the first of many to bear that name) left England for the Americas. Benjamin had three brothers, Richard, Edward and Thomas, who followed him, but took different routes. No records have been found to provide earlier definitive genealogy, but a couple of traditions persist. There is one tradition holding", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133902", "text": "England with Canute the Great. Others indicate they are of Norman, Irish and Scottish descent. Many Harrisons are known to have settled in Northumberland, as well as Yorkshire and Durham, all in the northernmost region of England. Though some continued the use of the older spelling—\"Harryson\" (for 'son of Harry')—this ended with their arrival in the New World. It is readily apparent that the two family lines of Harrison immigrants to Virginia shared very similar coats of arms, both issued in English peerage. They feature helmets and shields, emblazoned by eagle(s) of golden shade, upon a dark field, with supporters.", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "3302845", "text": "the Peirpoint \"Plantation\" in the \"Forks of Cheat\" on the Morgantown-Ices Ferry Road, Monongalia County. His middle name, \"Harrison,\" was added later by the boy's father in honor of his commanding officer, General William Henry Harrison. Pierpont, the original family name, was altered to Peirpoint in the land office at Richmond, Virginia in issuing patents for land deeded to his grandfather, John Pierpont (1742-1796) who grew up in Fairfax County, Virginia and attended the Fairfax Friends Meeting, but left to enlist in the Revolutionary Army, then after it ended moved west to Morgantown, West Virginia. Virginia lawyers advised the family", "title": "Francis Harrison Pierpont" }, { "id": "9067553", "text": "U.S. presidents. Historians, however, have not questioned Harrison's commitment to personal and official integrity. Benjamin Harrison was born on August 20, 1833, in North Bend, Ohio, the second of Elizabeth Ramsey (Irwin) and John Scott Harrison's eight children. His paternal ancestors were the Harrison family of Virginia, whose immigrant ancestor, Benjamin Harrison I, arrived in Jamestown, Virginia, circa 1630. The future President Benjamin Harrison was a grandson of U.S. President William Henry Harrison, the first governor of the Indiana Territory, and a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a Virginia planter who signed the Declaration of Independence and succeeded Thomas Jefferson", "title": "Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "6133907", "text": "upper house of the Colony's legislature. It should be noted that none of the successive Benjamins used the numerical suffix—this has become a convenient tool for historians in distinguishing them. The second Benjamin in turn fathered Benjamin Harrison III (1673–1710), who similarly was drafted for public service and power, as acting attorney general, then Treasurer of the Colony and member as well as Speaker of the Burgesses. He famously made acquisition of Berkeley Hundred on the James River. Benjamin Harrison IV (1693–1745) became a member of the House of Burgesses, but did not otherwise pursue politics. He notably married Anne", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133924", "text": "by the Harrison Building on the Campus of James Madison University and nearby Fort Harrison in Dayton. There are also memorials at the University of Virginia named for Gessner Harrison, George Tucker, and Mary Stuart Smith. Descendants of Benjamin Harrison IV are related to King Edward I of England, due to Benjamin Harrison IV's marriage into the Carter family. Descendants of Gessner Harrison are related to King George VI due to Gessner's marriage into the Tucker family. Harrison family of Virginia The Harrison family of Virginia, primarily consisting of two branches, is a notable political family in U.S. history. The", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133906", "text": "is likely that Thomas later became the ancestor of the Shenandoah Harrison family referenced below. The first Benjamin Harrison was certain to have arrived by 1633 when he was installed as Clerk of the Virginia Governor's Council. In 1642 he became the first of the clan to serve as a legislator, in the Virginia House of Burgesses. For more than two centuries afterwards the Harrisons played a noteworthy role in American political history. His son, Benjamin Harrison II (1645–1712), served as County Sheriff, and in the House of Burgesses as well, and also was appointed to the Governor's Council, the", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133920", "text": "migrated to the Valley of Virginia via Alexandria, and camped in the Luray area while waiting for their land grants to be finalized. Isaiah died in 1738 and was buried on the banks of the Shenandoah River. The family's first recorded land acquisition in Virginia was by son Daniel in 1739 in Rockingham County. Daniel and Thomas later founded there the towns of Dayton and Harrisonburg, respectively. Brother John settled at Great Spring and Samuel settled at nearby Linville. Daniel is known to have used the \"Durham arms\" as his seal for the legal documents in Rockingham. Sister Abigail and", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133912", "text": "England, but had common ancestry with the James River family. As referenced above, this family descends from Benjamin Harrison I's brother, Rev. Thomas Harrison. In addition to leading his parish at Elizabeth River, at age 21, young Thomas was appointed by Governor Berkeley as an acting chaplain of the Jamestown Colony during his time in America. Thomas was a native of Kingston-upon-Hull, Yorkshire. After arriving in Virginia, however, he became a Puritan and soon thereafter left his parishes following the Indian Massacre at Jamestown. He journeyed to Boston, home of brother Edward as well as many Puritan brethren. He then", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133905", "text": "that the family may have migrated by way of the West Indies. The father of these brothers is said by one source to be Richard Harrison, who descended from the above Rowland Harrison of Durham. Another tradition, not adequately sourced, indicates the brothers may have been the sons of Thomas Harrison, Lord of Gobion's Manor (1568–1625) and Elizabeth Bernard (1569–1643) of St. Giles, Nottinghamshire, England. In any case, Benjamin's brother Richard settled in Connecticut. Brother Edward was in Boston. A third brother, Rev. Thomas Harrison (1619–1682), arrived in Virginia in 1640, and was the minister at Elizabeth River Parish. It", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133913", "text": "married Dorothy Symonds, and repatriated to England. In 1650 he had a parish at St. Dunstan-in-the-East, London, joining the English nonconformist counterparts of the Puritans. In 1655, then a widow, he became the Chaplain for Henry Cromwell, accompanied him to Ireland as a nonconformist, and resided with the Governor and family. Bishop Jeremy Taylor is quoted as saying of Thomas, “...he was rewarded by the Governor’s confidence, and his advice was often asked for and acted upon. When in 1658 he published his extremely popular manual of piety, \"Topica Sacra\", he was the most popular divine in Ireland.” It was", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133922", "text": "in Augusta County. Thomas Harrison was qualified as a Lieutenant in that conflict. The family as well had a number of notable educators and physicians, descendants of Daniel and primarily from the University of Virginia, viz. Peachy Harrison, MD, Gessner Harrison, MD, George Tucker, Prof. Francis H. Smith and wife Mary Stuart Smith, George T. Smith, MD, and J. Hartwell Harrison, MD. The Shenandoah Valley Harrisons are related to the families of George Washington and Robert Carter I. and others. Benjamin IV's Berkeley Plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, the site in 1619 of one of the first Thanksgivings, was", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "6133916", "text": "born in Dublin at the time of Thomas’ residence there. Thomas’ use of the name Isaiah for his son was both distinctly innovative in the family, and also consistent with his Puritan and nonconformist belief. Isaiah in 1687 sailed from there for New York, most likely on the ship \"The Spotted Calf\"—his departure, upon his maturation several years following his father's death, was also a consequence of his father's position as a nonconformist. It should be noted that, Thomas’ last will and tesatament of 1671 makes no mention of Isaiah, though neither does it include another son and namesake, Thomas,", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "461943", "text": "a recommendation to replace Winthrop Sargent, the outgoing territorial secretary. President John Adams appointed Harrison to the position in July 1798. Harrison frequently served as acting territorial governor during the absences of Governor Arthur St. Clair. Harrison had many friends in the eastern aristocracy, and quickly gained a reputation among them as a frontier leader. He ran a successful horse-breeding enterprise that won him acclaim throughout the Northwest Territory. Harrison became a champion of lower land prices, a primary concern of settlers in the Territory at the time. The U.S. Congress had legislated a territorial land policy that led to", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "12036453", "text": "Elizabeth was introduced to Jérôme Bonaparte who was visiting Baltimore with the French Ambassador. Elizabeth eventually married Jérôme Bonaparte by whom she had a child. After a brief marriage Jerome abandoned Elizabeth at the request of his brother Napoleon Bonaparte, the Emperor of the French. Harrison considered his reputation tarnished from this affair and he left Maryland and moved to Indiana around 1808. He settled near Hanover, Indiana where he lived for five years as a hermit in his cabin with only a dog for company. As settlers begin to move into the territory, Harrison began to emerge from his", "title": "Christopher Harrison" }, { "id": "461942", "text": "that Dilsia, a female slave belonging to William Henry Harrison, had six children by him, born into slavery. Four were said to be sold to a planter in La Grange, Georgia, including a daughter, Marie Harrison. Marie was said to be Madeline's mother. No evidence corroborating these assertions has been discovered. Harrison began his political career when he resigned from the military effective June 1, 1798. and campaigned among his friends and family for a post in the Northwest Territorial government. With the aid of his close friend Timothy Pickering, who was serving as U.S. Secretary of State, Harrison received", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "6133911", "text": "Ohio congressman. John Scott Harrison (1804– 1878) was the father of Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901), a Brigadier General in the Union Army during the Civil War. Benjamin also served in the United States Senate, became the Republican candidate for president in 1888, and defeated incumbent Grover Cleveland. John Scott Harrison then became the only person who was the son of one president and father of another. By marriage the James River Harrisons are related to the Byrds, Lees, , Tylers, Randolphs and Carters and other families. The Harrisons who settled in the Shenandoah Valley a hundred years later came from New", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "13614978", "text": "Benjamin Harrison III Benjamin Harrison III (1673 – April 10, 1710) was an American Virginia politician. He was an early member of the Harrison Family of Virginia, serving as the colony's Attorney General, Treasurer, and Speaker of the House of Burgesses. He was the great grandfather of 9th U.S. President, William Henry Harrison and the great-great-great grandfather of 23rd U.S. President, Benjamin Harrison. Harrison was born in 1673, the son of Benjamin Harrison II and Hannah Churchill. He purchased a portion from the land patent of Berkeley Hundred from Giles Bland, where he would raise his family after marrying Elizabeth,", "title": "Benjamin Harrison III" }, { "id": "461935", "text": "the American Revolutionary War. William's older brother, Carter Bassett Harrison, represented Virginia in the U.S. House (1793–99). Harrison was tutored at home until age fourteen when he entered Hampden–Sydney College, a Presbyterian college in Virginia. He studied there for three years, receiving a classical education that included Latin, Greek, French, logic, and debate. Harrison's Episcopalian father removed him from the college, possibly for religious reasons, and he briefly attended a boys' academy in Southampton County, before being transferred to Philadelphia in 1790. He boarded with Robert Morris and entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied medicine under Doctor Benjamin", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "9238829", "text": "he was descended from the lower James River Family of Harrisons. Numbered among his ancestors were Isham Randolph, Robert \"King\" Carter, Jaquelin Ambler and Myles Cary. His mother was Jane St. Clair Cochran, a daughter of George Moffett Cochran, Sr., and his wife, Maria T. Boys, daughter of Dr. William Boys, of Philadelphia & Staunton. His maternal great grandfather, whose name he bore, was Col. George Moffett, a distinguished officer in the Colonial forces and the Revolutionary Army. He received his early education in the home of his father who was said to be a wonderful man who took great", "title": "George Moffett Harrison" }, { "id": "13614982", "text": "and influential families in colonial Virginia, the Harrison family and the Carter family, were united when Harrison married Anne Carter, the daughter of Robert \"King\" Carter. His family also forged ties to the Randolph family as four of his children married four grandchildren of William Randolph I. Benjamin Harrison IV was born in a small house on the plantation named \"Berkeley Hundred\" or \"Berkeley Plantation\". Upon completion of his studies at The College of William & Mary, he became the Harrison family's first college graduate. Harrison settled on his family estate and, like his predecessors, he increased his land holdings.", "title": "Benjamin Harrison IV" }, { "id": "9067557", "text": "December 13, 1936), and Mary \"Mamie\" Scott Harrison (April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930). Harrison and his wife, Caroline, returned to live at The Point, his father's farm in southwestern Ohio, while he finished his law studies. Harrison was admitted to the Ohio bar in early 1854, the same year he sold property that he had inherited after the death of an aunt for $800 and used the funds to move with Caroline to Indianapolis, Indiana. Harrison began practicing law in the office of John H. Ray in 1854 and became a crier for the federal court in Indianapolis,", "title": "Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "13614980", "text": "leaving it unfinished. His children included: Benjamin Harrison III Benjamin Harrison III (1673 – April 10, 1710) was an American Virginia politician. He was an early member of the Harrison Family of Virginia, serving as the colony's Attorney General, Treasurer, and Speaker of the House of Burgesses. He was the great grandfather of 9th U.S. President, William Henry Harrison and the great-great-great grandfather of 23rd U.S. President, Benjamin Harrison. Harrison was born in 1673, the son of Benjamin Harrison II and Hannah Churchill. He purchased a portion from the land patent of Berkeley Hundred from Giles Bland, where he would", "title": "Benjamin Harrison III" }, { "id": "461931", "text": "(1889–1893). He was the last president born as a British royal subject in the original Thirteen Colonies before the American Revolution started in 1775. Harrison was the first member elected to the United States House of Representatives from the Northwest Territory, and later was the first Governor of the Indiana Territory. He famously led U.S. military and state militia forces against Native Americans at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, where he earned the nickname \"Old Tippecanoe\". He was promoted to major general in the regular United States Army in the subsequent War of 1812 (1812-1815), and served in the", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "13614981", "text": "Benjamin Harrison IV Benjamin Harrison IV (1693 – July 12, 1745) was an American Virginia planter, politician, and Member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. He was the son of Benjamin Harrison III, and the father of Benjamin Harrison V, who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and the fifth Governor of Virginia. Harrison is also known as the builder of Berkeley which is believed to be the oldest three-story brick mansion in Virginia and is the ancestral home to two Presidents of the United States: William Henry Harrison, his grandson, and Benjamin Harrison his great-great-grandson. Two powerful", "title": "Benjamin Harrison IV" }, { "id": "163671", "text": "of Harold Hargreaves (or Hargrove) Harrison (1909–1978) and Louise (née French; 1911–1970). Harold was a bus conductor who had worked as a ship's steward on the White Star Line, and Louise was a shop assistant of Irish Catholic descent. He had one sister, Louise (born 16 August 1931), and two brothers, Harold (born 1934) and Peter (20 July 1940 – 1 June 2007). According to Boyd, Harrison's mother was particularly supportive: \"All she wanted for her children is that they should be happy, and she recognized that nothing made George quite as happy as making music.\" Louise was an enthusiastic", "title": "George Harrison" }, { "id": "10528511", "text": "served as Mayor of Stockton. The Harrison Baronetcy, of Bugbrooke in the County of Northampton, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 6 July 1961 for the Conservative politician Harwood Harrison. As of 2016 the title is held by his son, the second Baronet, who succeeded in 1980. Harrison baronets There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Harrison, all in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2007 one of the creations is extinct while two are extant. The Harrison Baronetcy, of Le Court in Greatham in the County of Southampton, was", "title": "Harrison baronets" }, { "id": "6133908", "text": "Carter (1702–1745), daughter of Robert \"King\" Carter (1662/63–1732), and built the family homestead, Berkeley Plantation. His son, Benjamin Harrison V (1726—1791), is known in modern times in the family as \"the Signer\" of the Declaration of Independence, representing Virginia in both the First and Second Continental Congresses. He also served in the House of Burgesses and later as Governor of Virginia. He was a rather corpulent and boisterous man by Puritan standards (John Adams referred to him as the Congress' \"Falstaff.\") A quote is attributed to Harrison—as he was about to put his signature to the Declaration, he turned to", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "9067554", "text": "as governor of Virginia. Harrison was seven years old when his grandfather was elected U.S. president, but he did not attend the inauguration. Although Harrison's family was distinguished, his parents were not wealthy. John Scott Harrison, a two-term U.S. congressman from Ohio, spent much of his farm income on his children's education. Despite the family's modest resources, Harrison's boyhood was enjoyable, much of it spent outdoors fishing or hunting. Benjamin Harrison's early schooling took place in a log cabin near his home, but his parents later arranged for a tutor to help him with college preparatory studies. Fourteen-year-old Harrison and", "title": "Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "10528510", "text": "Harrison baronets There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Harrison, all in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2007 one of the creations is extinct while two are extant. The Harrison Baronetcy, of Le Court in Greatham in the County of Southampton, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 12 July 1917 for Heath Harrison. The title became extinct on his death in 1934. The Harrison Baronetcy, of Eaglescliffe in the County of Durham, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 15 June 1922 for John Harrison. He", "title": "Harrison baronets" }, { "id": "824326", "text": "prominence, opposed the constitution because of the absence of a bill of rights. He continued his work in the House until he died in April 1791 when his son William Henry Harrison was 18 years old at his home Berkeley after a dinner party celebrating his final electoral success. Harrison is the namesake of a residence hall at the College of William and Mary. Specific Bibliography Benjamin Harrison V Benjamin Harrison V (April 5, 1726April 24, 1791), from Charles City County, Virginia, was an American planter and merchant, a revolutionary leader and a Founding Father of the United States. He", "title": "Benjamin Harrison V" }, { "id": "6133910", "text": "House. Benjamin Harrison VI (1755–1799) was a successful businessman and also served in the Virginia House of Delegates. His brother was General William Henry Harrison who served as a congressional delegate for the Northwest Territory, was appointed in 1800 as Governor of the Indiana Territory, and also served in the War of 1812. The general, representing the Whig party, defeated incumbent Martin Van Buren in the 1840 presidential election, but fell ill and died just one month into his presidency. Vice-President John Tyler, fellow Virginian and Berkeley neighbor, succeeded him. William Henry was the father of John Scott Harrison, an", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "461938", "text": "Indian War to a successful close. Harrison was a signatory of the Treaty of Greenville (1795) as witness to Wayne, the principal negotiator for the U.S.. Under the terms of the treaty, a coalition of Native Americans ceded a portion of their lands to the federal government that opened two-thirds of present-day Ohio to settlement by European Americans. Following his mother's death in 1793, Harrison inherited a portion of his family's Virginia estate, including approximately of land and several slaves. Harrison, who was serving in the army at the time, sold his land to his brother. In 1795, at age", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "8506988", "text": "Virginia, and were among the most wealthy and prosperous people in the state. Benjamin Harrison VI's father was Benjamin Harrison V, a wealthy planter and slave owner, who would later become one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. His mother, Elizabeth Basset (13 December 1730 – 1792), was a descendant of Captain William Bassett II, who was an officer in the King's Army, during the English Civil War. When Harrison VI became a young adult, his father lost a considerable amount of property, supposedly due to his lack of mercantile skills, and sent his son away", "title": "Benjamin Harrison VI" }, { "id": "13483601", "text": "Russell Benjamin Harrison Russell Benjamin Harrison (August 12, 1854 – December 13, 1936), also known as Russell Lord Harrison, was a businessman, lawyer, diplomat, and politician. Harrison was the son of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison and Caroline Harrison, and the great-grandson of U.S. President William Henry Harrison. Born in Oxford, Ohio, Harrison grew up in Indianapolis, Indiana, where his father had a successful law practice. Harrison graduated from the Pennsylvania Military Academy and in 1877 graduated from Lafayette College where he took courses in mining and engineering. In 1878, his grandfather John Scott Harrison was exhumed from his grave and", "title": "Russell Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "461936", "text": "Rush.; Harrison later told his biographer that he did not enjoy the subject. In the spring of 1791, shortly after he began his medical studies, his father died. When the eighteen-year-old Harrison, who was left in the guardianship of Morris, discovered that his family's financial situation left him without funds for further schooling, he abandoned medical school in favor of a military career. Governor Henry Lee III of Virginia, a friend of Harrison's father, learned of William's situation and persuaded him to join the military. Within twenty-four hours of meeting Lee, eighteen-year-old Harrison was commissioned as an ensign in the", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "12536281", "text": "Leonard Harrison Leonard Harrison (January 10, 1850 – January 13, 1929) was a lumberman and businessman who spent most of his life in Wellsboro, Pennsylvania and donated Leonard Harrison State Park to the state of Pennsylvania in 1922. Harrison's maternal grandparents, William and Catherine Meek, lived in England, where his mother, Catherine, was born in 1816. The Meek family came to Wellsboro in 1833, where William was a merchant and tailor. Harrison's father William was born in New Jersey, and also came to Wellsboro in 1833, where he helped build the Tioga County courthouse. Harrison's parents met in Wellsboro, married,", "title": "Leonard Harrison" }, { "id": "16561466", "text": "Richard Benjamin Harrison Richard Benjamin Harrison Jr. (March 4, 1941 – June 25, 2018), also known by the nicknames The Old Man and The Appraiser, was an American businessman and reality television personality, best known as the co-owner of the World Famous Gold & Silver Pawn Shop, as featured on the History Channel series \"Pawn Stars\". Harrison was the co-owner of the pawn shop with his son Rick Harrison. They opened the store together in 1989. Harrison was usually referred to by his nickname, \"The Old Man\", which he earned at the age of 38. Richard Benjamin Harrison Jr. was", "title": "Richard Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "461944", "text": "high land costs, which many of the territory's residents disliked. In October 1799, after it had been determined that the Northwest Territory's population had reached a sufficient number to have a delegate in the U.S. Congress, Harrison ran for election. He campaigned to encourage further migration to the territory, which eventually led to statehood. In 1798, at age twenty-six, Harrison defeated Arthur St. Clair Jr., the son of the territorial governor, by one vote to become the Northwest Territory's first congressional delegate, and served in the Sixth United States Congress from March 4, 1799, to May 14, 1800. As the", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "18673403", "text": "active part in both World Wars and lived a civilian's life in four countries. G. B. Harrison was born George Bagshawe Harrison on 14 July 1894 in Hove, Sussex, England. He was christened after his grandfather on his father's side, and the middle name of Bagshawe was derived from his mother's side of the family. Although both of his parents envisioned high aspirations to fit a namesake that joined both sides of the family, an older Harrison wrote in his memoir that he \"would have none of it.\" His father, Walter Harrison, had a master's degree in dentistry from Harvard", "title": "G. B. Harrison" }, { "id": "17381032", "text": "went on to found and head two successful corporations and attain high civic honors. Of Armenian descent, Harrison was born December 12, 1908 in Chicago, Illinois, the second son of Kazar, who was a farmer near Fowler, California and Mariam (Kazarian) Harrison, a housewife, both from Kharpert, Ottoman Empire. He had one brother, George, and two sisters, Agnes and Syble. Harrison joined the US Army and was assigned to the 280th Field Artillery Battalion which was activated at Camp Cooke (today Vandenberg Air Force Base) in California. The Battalion was then moved to Fort Sill in Oklahoma in February 1944,", "title": "Sam K. Harrison" }, { "id": "9067549", "text": "Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd President of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He was a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, creating the only grandfathergrandson duo to have held the office. He was also the great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father. Before ascending to the presidency, Harrison established himself as a prominent local attorney, Presbyterian church leader, and politician in Indianapolis, Indiana. During the American Civil War, he served in the Union Army as a colonel, and", "title": "Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "1526616", "text": "several years, where one of his students was Jin Hi Kim. He also taught at San Jose State University and Cabrillo College. Harrison lived for many years with Bill Colvig in Aptos, California. He and Colvig purchased land in Joshua Tree, California, where they designed and built the Harrison House Retreat, a straw bale house. Harrison died in Lafayette, Indiana, from a heart attack while on his way to a festival of his music at The Ohio State University. Many of Harrison's early works are for percussion instruments, often made out of what would usually be regarded as junk or", "title": "Lou Harrison" }, { "id": "1888747", "text": "who had a year earlier bargained with local Native Americans to purchase an area of land above Westchester Path (an old trail that led from Manhattan to Port Chester) and below Rye Lake. Local custom holds that Harrison was given 24 hours to ride his horse around the area he could claim, and the horse couldn't swim or didn't want to get its feet wet, but this is folklore. In fact, the land below Westchester Path and along Long Island Sound had already been purchased and partly developed by the settlers of Rye, NY. The area that became Harrison had", "title": "Harrison, New York" }, { "id": "544821", "text": "John Fitzgerald Ford and Florence Veronica Niehaus, were of Irish and German descent, respectively. Ford's maternal grandparents, Harry Nidelman and Anna Lifschutz, were Jewish emigrants from Minsk, Belarus (at that time a part of the Russian Empire). When asked in which religion he and his brother were raised, Ford jokingly responded, \"Democrat,\" \"to be liberals of every stripe\". In a television interview shown in August 2000, when asked about what influence his Irish Catholic and Russian Jewish ancestry may have had on his life as a person and as an artist, Ford humorously stated, \"As a man I've always felt", "title": "Harrison Ford" }, { "id": "5760763", "text": "declined the appointment. Harrison died at his home in Charles County on April 2, 1790. His burial location is not known: He may have been interred at his father's Walnut Landing estate, at the Durham Parish church where his brother was rector, or at the Episcopal church cemetery in Port Tobacco. Harrison's first wife was Sarah Johnston, a daughter of George Johnston Sr. (d. 1766), a prominent Virginia attorney and political leader. After her death, he married Grace Dent of Charles County, Maryland. Robert H. Harrison Robert Hanson Harrison (1745 – April 2, 1790) was an American Army officer, attorney,", "title": "Robert H. Harrison" }, { "id": "6133918", "text": "region from which his father Thomas departed on his return to England. There are frequent and mutual family references at that time between Isaiah's family and the family of Richard Harrison across the Long Island Sound in nearby New Haven, Connecticut. Richard, who arrived in Connecticut in 1644, again was a brother of the first Benjamin as well as Rev. Thomas, and therefore was Isaiah's uncle. Two other Harrisons appear in many coincident records of close proximity in New York in the latter part of the 17th century. John Harrison is shown in Flushing in 1685, and Samuel at Gloucester", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "824307", "text": "Benjamin Harrison V Benjamin Harrison V (April 5, 1726April 24, 1791), from Charles City County, Virginia, was an American planter and merchant, a revolutionary leader and a Founding Father of the United States. He received his higher education at the College of William and Mary. Harrison was a representative to the Virginia House of Burgesses for Surry County, Virginia (1756–1758, 1785–1786), and Charles City County (1766–1776, 1787–1790). He was a Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777 and, during the Second Continental Congress, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Harrison served as Virginia's fifth governor", "title": "Benjamin Harrison V" }, { "id": "5250491", "text": "Davis, and Constance Cary Harrison, novelist and social arbiter. Through his mother, Harrison was great-grandson of Virginia-planter, Thomas Fairfax, 9th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. Through Fairfax in birth and marriage, Harrison was also relative to United States founding fathers: Gouverneur Morris (his great-great-uncle), Thomas Jefferson, the Randolphs, the Ishams, the Carters, and Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Harrison graduated from Yale University in 1895, where he was a member of the secret society Skull and Bones, and from the New York Law School in 1897. From 1897 to 1899, Harrison was an instructor in the Evening Division at New York", "title": "Francis Burton Harrison" }, { "id": "220727", "text": "advances in time-keeping technology, finally turning to what were called, sea watches. Harrison gained support from the Longitude Board in building and testing his designs. Toward the end of his life, he received recognition and a reward from Parliament. Harrison came 39th in the BBC's 2002 public poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. John Harrison was born in Foulby in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the first of five children in his family. His father worked as a carpenter at the nearby Nostell Priory estate. A house on the site of what may have been the family home bears a", "title": "John Harrison" }, { "id": "16333232", "text": "Rick Harrison Richard Kevin Harrison (born March 22, 1965) is an American businessman, reality television personality, and co-owner of the World Famous Gold & Silver Pawn Shop which is featured on the History series \"Pawn Stars\". Harrison and his father, Richard Benjamin Harrison, opened the shop in 1989, which they co-owned until his father's death in 2018. Harrison dropped out of high school to pursue his \"$2,000-a-week business of selling fake Gucci bags\". Harrison was born on March 22, 1965, in Davidson, North Carolina, the third child of Richard Benjamin Harrison Jr., a U.S. Navy veteran, and Joanne Rhue Harrison.", "title": "Rick Harrison" }, { "id": "163677", "text": "Although his father wanted him to continue his education, Harrison left school at 16 and worked for several months as an apprentice electrician at Blacklers, a local department store. During the group's first tour of Scotland, in 1960, Harrison used the pseudonym \"Carl Harrison\", in reference to Carl Perkins. In 1960, promoter Allan Williams arranged for the band, now calling themselves the Beatles, to play at the Indra and Kaiserkeller clubs in Hamburg, both owned by Bruno Koschmider. Their first residency in Hamburg ended prematurely when Harrison was deported for being too young to work in nightclubs. When Brian Epstein", "title": "George Harrison" }, { "id": "911440", "text": "Gov. Alexander Spotswood, who reached Elkton, and whose rangers continued and in 1716 likely passed through what is now Harrisonburg. Harrisonburg, previously known as \"Rocktown\", was named for Thomas Harrison, a son of English settlers. In 1737, Harrison settled in the Shenandoah Valley, eventually laying claim to over situated at the intersection of the Spotswood Trail and the main Native American road through the valley. In 1779, Harrison deeded of his land to the \"public good\" for the construction of a courthouse. In 1780, Harrison deeded an additional . This is the area now known as \"Historic Downtown Harrisonburg.\" In", "title": "Harrisonburg, Virginia" }, { "id": "6133914", "text": "also in that year that Thomas earned his Doctorate of Divinity from Dublin University. In 1659 he remarried, to Katherine Bradshaw, and for a time resided in Chester. He later settled in Dublin and in 1666 most likely fathered a son Isaiah, who is known to be the patriarch of the Virginia Harrisons of the Shenandoah Valley. Thomas died in Dublin in 1682. Some have contended that the Valley Harrisons instead descended from Major General Thomas Harrison (1606–1660), who was not only a contemporary of Rev. Thomas Harrison, but whose wife was also named Katherine. The General famously participated in", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "461974", "text": "to the position; he returned to the United States in June. After Harrison returned to the United States from Colombia, he settled on his farm in North Bend, Ohio, his adopted home state, living in relative retirement after nearly four decades of government service. Having accumulated no substantial wealth during his lifetime, he subsisted on his savings, a small pension, and the income produced by his farm. Harrison cultivated corn and established a distillery to produce whiskey. After a brief time in the liquor business, he became disturbed by the effects of alcohol on its consumers, and closed the distillery.", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "14134985", "text": "Elgar Society. Harrison was born in 1885 in Lower Mitton, Stourport in Worcestershire. He was the eldest of four sons and three daughters of Walter Henry Harrison a grocer and candle maker from the village of Powick near Malvern, and his wife, Henriette Julien \"née\" Schoeller, a German-born former governess. He was educated at a dame school in Stourport, and at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Hartlebury. The family was musical; Walter Harrison was conductor of the Stourport Glee Union, and Henriette was Julius's first piano teacher. He later took organ and violin lessons from the organist of Wilden parish church,", "title": "Julius Harrison" }, { "id": "9067555", "text": "his older brother, Irwin, enrolled in Farmer's College near Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1847. He attended the college for two years and while there met his future wife, Caroline \"Carrie\" Lavinia Scott, a daughter of John Witherspoon Scott, the school's science professor who was also a Presbyterian minister. In 1850, Harrison transferred to Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, and graduated in 1852. He joined the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, which he used as a network for much of his life. He was also a member of Delta Chi, a law fraternity which permitted dual membership. Classmates included John Alexander Anderson, who", "title": "Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "12036452", "text": "around 1780, the son of Colonel Robert Harrison and Milcah Gale who were important and wealthy land owners. He attended St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland. After his graduation Harrison worked as a clerk for William Patterson, the president of the Bank of Baltimore and became a tutor for Patterson's daughter, Elizabeth. Hoosier tradition holds that Harrison courted Elizabeth and she at one point promised to marry him. However the match was opposed by her father who forced her to break off the engagement. Harrison secretly continued to carry on a love affair with Elizabeth for some time. In 1803,", "title": "Christopher Harrison" }, { "id": "15054508", "text": "Carter Henry Harrison I Rep. Carter Henry Harrison (August, 22, 1736 – October 8, 1793), also known as Carter Henry Harrison of Clifton, was born at Berkeley Plantation in Charles City County, the seat of the Harrison family from when it was purchased by Carter's grandfather, Benjamin Harrison, III, in 1693 until 1842. Carter was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates for eight sessions. On April 22, 1776 at the courthouse in Cumberland County, Virginia, \"the first explicit instructions in favor of independence adopted by a public meeting in any of the colonies\" were drafted and submitted by", "title": "Carter Henry Harrison I" }, { "id": "8506989", "text": "to the Philadelphia-based firm Willing and Morris, where he earned an exceptional mercantile education, and befriended Robert Morris and Thomas Willing, the firm's owners. Their friendships would continue to hold strong throughout their lives. After his education concluded, Harrison traveled to Europe, and began building mercantile connections, as well as his fortune. However, the American Revolutionary War prompted him to return home to Virginia, as he strongly wanted to aid his father and the Patriot cause. From 1774 to 1775, he was a member of the Charles City County Committee, as well as a member of the Virginia House of", "title": "Benjamin Harrison VI" }, { "id": "6133921", "text": "husband Alexander Herring settled at Linville also. Their daughter Bathsheba (1742-1836) married Capt. Abraham Lincoln (1744-1786), also of Linville, and they had a son Thomas Lincoln (1778–1851); he in turn married Nancy Hanks (1783–1818). They had a son, Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) who became President. Abraham, who was the Republican candidate for President in 1860, defeated Democrat Stephen Douglas, and as President famously preserved the United States through its civil war before his assassination in 1865. The Shenandoah Harrisons also include in their descendants a few local officials—Daniel served as a Captain in the French and Indian War, and Deputy Sheriff", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "16561468", "text": "at his house every night, and getting up early in the morning to pick up the schoolchildren, for which he was paid five or six dollars a week. When he was 17, Harrison attended a barn dance, where he met his future wife, Joanne Rhue, the daughter of Joseph Rhue, a county judge, who later became one of the lead attorneys for Philip Morris in North Carolina. They married in 1960. Before they married, however, Harrison stole a car, and after he was arrested, was given a choice by the judge to go to prison or the military. Harrison chose", "title": "Richard Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "6133917", "text": "born in Chester in 1661. In America, the Congregational church was the counterpart to the nonconformist movement in England and Ireland. Indeed, Isaiah's own loyalty to nonconformism is known from the Congregational church he joined after his arrival in New England, where Congregationalists were most visible. Also, records in Dublin show Thomas’ consistent spelling of Harrison with the double \"s\"—not generally found to be the case in England. Isaiah and his children later utilized the same spelling in their American court records, including the ultimate ones in Virginia. Isaiah Harrison is shown at Oyster Bay on Long Island in 1687—the", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "16561467", "text": "born in Danville, Virginia, on March 4, 1941, and was of Irish descent. Harrison's grandson, Corey, has mentioned his grandmother said they are related to Presidents William Henry Harrison and Benjamin Harrison. Harrison indicated that he did not give much credence to this idea. When Harrison was one year old, his family moved to Lexington, North Carolina, where they lived at 115 Peacock Avenue, just off South Main Street. Harrison attended Lexington High School, but left during his junior year. Harrison's family was poor, and to make money, Harrison drove a school bus when he was 14, parking the bus", "title": "Richard Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "6133919", "text": "in 1688. Isaiah's first wife was Elizabeth Wright, by whom he had five children, before her death in 1698. He remarried to Abigail in 1700, and had five children—four sons, John (1691–1771), Daniel (1701–1770), Thomas (1704–1785), and Samuel (1712–1790), and one daughter Abigail (1710-1780). After living fourteen years at Oyster Bay, Isaiah and family moved to Smithtown near the Nissequogue River, on Long Island, where he remained for nineteen years. In 1721 Isaiah's clan moved to Sussex County, Delaware, where Isaiah acquired the Maiden Plantation. While there, daughter Abigail married Alexander Herring (1708–1780). From Delaware, the Harrison family in 1737", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "908431", "text": "Native Americans of the area. The Virginia Colony claimed the area as part of its vast Augusta County. The first permanent settler in the area was hunter and trapper John Simpson, who erected a cabin at the mouth of Elk Creek on the West Fork River in 1763 or '64. Simpson left his name on \"Simpson's Creek\" (its mouth is about 9 miles downstream from present Clarksburg) after building and living in a cabin there for several months. Settler Daniel Davisson (1748-1819), an immigrant from New Jersey, claimed the land upon which present-day Clarksburg, Harrison County, was formed in 1773;", "title": "Harrison County, West Virginia" }, { "id": "6133923", "text": "the icon of the Harrison family's \"baronial\" status in Virginia. Other historic Virginia homes of the Harrison family include Brandon Plantation, Upper Brandon, Hunting Quarter, The Oaks, The Wigwam, Four Mile Tree and Kittiewan. Nearby along Virginia State Route 5 and the Virginia Capital Trail, the Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge, a major drawbridge across the James River, is named in honor of \"the Signer.\" The U.S. Army Fort Benjamin Harrison near Indianapolis, Indiana was named for President Benjamin Harrison, who was born in Ohio. Beyond the city bearing their name in the Virginia valley, the Shenandoah Harrisons are further memorialized", "title": "Harrison family of Virginia" }, { "id": "461939", "text": "22, Harrison met Anna Tuthill Symmes of North Bend, Ohio. She was a daughter of Anna Tuthill and Judge John Cleves Symmes, who served as a colonel in the American Revolutionary War, as a representative to the Congress of the Confederation, and became a prominent figure in Ohio. Harrison asked the judge for permission to marry Anna but was refused— the pair waited until Symmes left on business, eloped and were married on November 25, 1795, at the North Bend home of Doctor Stephen Wood, treasurer of the Northwest Territory. The couple honeymooned at Fort Washington since Harrison was still", "title": "William Henry Harrison" }, { "id": "1217666", "text": "Harrison, South Dakota Harrison is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Douglas County, South Dakota, in the United States. The population was 52 at the 2010 census. The community was named for Benjamin Harrison, a United States Senator from Indiana, and afterward President of the United States. Harrison is located in western Douglas County at (43.431476, -98.528205). It is west of Corsica and northwest of Armour, the Douglas County seat. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. Harrison has been assigned the ZIP code 57344. As", "title": "Harrison, South Dakota" }, { "id": "16561480", "text": "June 25, 2018, after a battle with Parkinson's disease. His funeral was held July 1, with his casket draped in an American flag on account of his service in the Navy. His son Rick eulogized him thus: \"He was my hero and I was fortunate to get a very cool ‘Old Man’ as my dad. That I got to share him with so many others and they got to see what a great family man he was is something I am grateful to have experienced with him.\" Harrison was survived by wife JoAnne, three sons, 10 grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.", "title": "Richard Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "8506987", "text": "Benjamin Harrison VI Benjamin Harrison VI (1755–1799) was an American merchant, planter, politician, and revolutionary. He was the son of Founding Father Benjamin Harrison V, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Harrison was a close friend of financier Robert Morris, a relationship that he would keep until his death. He was the older brother of President William Henry Harrison and the great-uncle of President Benjamin Harrison. Benjamin Harrison VI was born at Berkeley Plantation, the ancestral home of the Harrison family of Virginia, in 1755. His family, the Harrison family of Virginia, was one of the First Families of", "title": "Benjamin Harrison VI" }, { "id": "16333240", "text": "Corey (\"Big Hoss\") and Corey's childhood friend and employee Austin \"Chumlee\" Russell. Richard Harrison died in June 2018, during production of the fifteenth season. In January 2011, \"Pawn Stars\" was the highest rated program on the History Channel, and the second-highest rated reality show behind \"Jersey Shore\". Harrison appeared as himself, alongside his son Corey and Chumlee, in \"i Lost My Head in Vegas\", the November 3, 2012 episode of the American TV series \"iCarly\". Four days later, he appeared as an antique store owner in \"The Safe\", the November 7, 2012 episode of the TV series \"The Middle\". In", "title": "Rick Harrison" }, { "id": "16333235", "text": "District, but dropped out during tenth grade. The Harrison family relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada, in April 1981 after the collapse of his parents' real estate business. When Harrison was 17, his girlfriend Kim became pregnant. Despite a subsequent miscarriage, the couple decided to marry. Their first child, Corey, was born on April 27, 1983. Within two years, their second child, Adam, was born. Harrison worked for his father in the Gold & Silver Coin Shop, and even worked repossessing cars. Soon after Adam's birth, Harrison and Kim separated, with Harrison and his second wife, Tracy, assuming the responsibility of", "title": "Rick Harrison" }, { "id": "13614983", "text": "Around 1722, Harrison married Anne Carter, whom William Byrd II had described as \"a very agreeable girl\". As part of a dowry from Robert Carter, Harrison managed and received profits from land that was technically owned by his father-in-law. This land was entailed by Carter to Harrison's son, Carter Henry Harrison. Using bricks fired on the Berkeley plantation, Harrison built a Georgian-style three-story brick mansion on a hill overlooking the James River in 1726. Berkeley would later earn a distinction shared only with Peacefield in Quincy, Massachusetts as the ancestral home for two United States Presidents. In 1729, Harrison purchased", "title": "Benjamin Harrison IV" }, { "id": "1888746", "text": "Harrison, New York Harrison is a coterminous town-village located in Westchester County, New York, approximately northeast of Manhattan. The population was 27,472 at the 2010 census. Harrison was ranked sixth in the list of the top 10 places to live in New York State for 2014 according to the national online real estate brokerage Movoto. According to Forbes, Harrison is the 326th wealthiest place in the United States with a median home sale price of $1,230,625, slightly below that of Chappaqua. Harrison was established in 1696 by a patent granted by the British government to John Harrison and three others,", "title": "Harrison, New York" }, { "id": "20586064", "text": "1830; her parents were George Tucker, the first professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Virginia, and his wife Maria Carter, grand-niece of George Washington. They had ten children: Harrison did not entirely follow the more robust male stereotype of the Antebellum South; he preferred a quiet, self-disciplined erudite life. He worked endlessly, but took time to nurture his love of art, nature and music. Harrison was a vested member of the Southern gentry; in 1860 he held about nine slaves, and considerable assets as well—real estate valued at $42,000 and other property of $25,842. As a slave master", "title": "Gessner Harrison" }, { "id": "908436", "text": "the arrival of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1856. The railroad was instrumental in the development of the local coal mining industry during the late 1800s and early 1900s. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.1%) is water. The county is drained by the West Fork River and its tributaries, including Tenmile Creek, Simpson Creek, Elk Creek, and . As of the census of 2000, there were 68,652 people, 27,867 households, and 19,088 families residing in the county. The population density was 165 people per square", "title": "Harrison County, West Virginia" }, { "id": "163670", "text": "ended in divorce in 1977. The following year he married Olivia Arias, with whom he had a son, Dhani. Harrison died from lung cancer in 2001 at the age of 58, two years after surviving a knife attack by an intruder at his Friar Park home. His remains were cremated and the ashes were scattered according to Hindu tradition in a private ceremony in the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in India. He left an estate of almost £100 million. Harrison was born at 12 Arnold Grove in Wavertree, Liverpool, on 25 February 1943. He was the youngest of four children", "title": "George Harrison" }, { "id": "15470988", "text": "Edmund Harrison Edmund Harrison (1764–1826) was a Virginia politician and member of the Harrison family of Virginia. He represented the counties of Prince George and Amelia in the Virginia House of Delegates, and served as that body's Speaker from 1802 until 1803. Harrison was the eldest son of Nathaniel Harrison (1741-1782) and Mary Ruffin (1746-1767). Nathaniel was the brother of Benjamin Harrison V, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Edmund, just 18 years old at his father's death, offered the following eulogy: \"Nathaniel Harrison departed this life 24 December 1782. After seeing the last of his two wives and burying", "title": "Edmund Harrison" }, { "id": "1184763", "text": "Harrison, Ohio Harrison is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The city is located in the Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky metropolitan area. The population was 9,897 at the 2010 census, and was estimated in 2016 to be 11,048. Harrison was laid out in 1810, named in honor of William Henry Harrison, a decorated general and state legislator and afterward the ninth president of the United States. It was incorporated in 1850 and became a city in 1981. Harrison Township was established in 1850, formerly part of Crosby Township. Among the historic sites in the city's vicinity is the Eighteen Mile", "title": "Harrison, Ohio" }, { "id": "20021075", "text": "Joel Harrison Joel Harrison is an American jazz guitarist, singer, composer, and arranger. Harrison was born in Washington, D.C. and graduated from Bard College, New York, in 1980 with a Bachelor of Arts in composition and performance.<ref name=\"AAJ/bio\"></ref> His father was Gilbert Harrison, the editor and owner of the magazine \"The New Republic\",<ref name=\"Netsky/CityNews\"></ref> and his mother was Anne Harrison (née Blaine). The couple had four children: James, David, Joel and Eleanor. Harrison has identified the Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, the Allman Brothers Band and Washington guitarist Danny Gatton as early influences. Having begun his career as a musician in Boston", "title": "Joel Harrison" }, { "id": "8061688", "text": "Fort Benjamin Harrison Fort Benjamin Harrison was a U.S. Army post located in suburban Lawrence Township, Marion County, Indiana, northeast of Indianapolis between 1906 and 1991. It is named for the 23rd United States President, Benjamin Harrison. Land was purchased in 1903, with the post being officially named for President Harrison in honor of Indianapolis being his hometown. In 1901, former President Benjamin Harrison's son Russell, through lobbying efforts, sold a nearby U.S. Arsenal where the U.S. Army used the money to buy land where the fort is located today. Fort Benjamin Harrison saw its highest level of activity during", "title": "Fort Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "9067556", "text": "became a six-term U.S. congressman, and Whitelaw Reid, Harrison's vice presidential running mate in 1892. At Miami, Harrison was strongly influenced by history and political economy professor Robert Hamilton Bishop. Harrison also joined a Presbyterian church at college and, like his mother, became a lifelong Presbyterian. After his college graduation in 1852, Harrison studied law with Judge Bellamy Storer of Cincinnati, but before he completed his studies, he returned to Oxford, Ohio, to marry Caroline Scott on October 20, 1853. Caroline's father, a Presbyterian minister, performed the ceremony. The Harrisons had two children, Russell Benjamin Harrison (August 12, 1854 –", "title": "Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "4421742", "text": "Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge The Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge is a vertical-lift bridge that spans the James River between Jordan's Point in Prince George County and Charles City County near Hopewell, Virginia. The bridge carries vehicle traffic of State Route 106 and State Route 156, and is owned by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). It is named after Benjamin Harrison V, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and a Governor of Virginia, who lived nearby at Berkeley Plantation. Originally completed in 1966, it was substantially rebuilt following a February 24, 1977 collision by a ship. Repairs took 20", "title": "Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge" }, { "id": "2474279", "text": "tragedies in the untimely deaths of five of their grown children. Harrison won fame as an Indian fighter and hero of the War of 1812, but he spent much of his life in a civilian career. His service in Congress as territorial delegate from Ohio gave Anna and their children a chance to visit his family at Berkeley, their plantation on the James River. Her third child was born on that trip, at Richmond in September 1800. Harrison's appointment as governor of Indiana Territory took them even farther into the wilderness; he built a handsome house at Vincennes, Indiana that", "title": "Anna Harrison" }, { "id": "943781", "text": "Harrison County, Kentucky Harrison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,846. Its county seat is Cynthiana. The county was founded in 1793 and named for Colonel Benjamin Harrison, an advocate for Kentucky statehood, framer of the Kentucky Constitution, and Kentucky legislator. Harrison County was formed on December 21, 1793 from portions of Bourbon and Scott Counties. Harrison was the 17th Kentucky county in order of formation. It was named after Colonel Benjamin Harrison, an early settler in the area. The First Battle of Cynthiana was on July", "title": "Harrison County, Kentucky" }, { "id": "920633", "text": "Harrison County, Ohio Harrison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,864, making it the fifth-least populous county in Ohio. Its county seat is Cadiz. The county is named for General William Henry Harrison, who was later President of the United States. Harrison County was formed from parts of Jefferson and Tuscarawas Counties in 1813. The county was named after General William Henry Harrison, the hero of the battle of Tippecanoe in the War of 1812 <(and later to become the 9th US President). According to the U.S.", "title": "Harrison County, Ohio" }, { "id": "911438", "text": "over 20,000 students, and Eastern Mennonite University (EMU), a private, Mennonite-affiliated liberal arts university. Although the city has no historical association with President James Madison, JMU was nonetheless named in his honor as Madison College in 1938 and renamed as James Madison University in 1977. EMU largely owes it existence to the sizable Mennonite population in the Shenandoah Valley, to which many Pennsylvania Dutch settlers arrived beginning in the mid-18th century in search of rich, unsettled farmland. The city has become a bastion of ethnic and linguistic diversity in recent years. Over 1,900 refugees have been settled in Harrisonburg since", "title": "Harrisonburg, Virginia" }, { "id": "10745530", "text": "Thomas W. Harrison Thomas Walter Harrison (August 5, 1856 – May 9, 1935) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia, father of Burr Powell Harrison. Born in Leesburg, Virginia, Harrison attended local academies at Leesburg, Middleburg, and Hanover. He was graduated from the academic and law departments of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville in 1879. He was admitted to the bar in 1879 and commenced practice in Winchester, Virginia. He served as member of the Senate of Virginia during the period 1887-1895, representing the 12th district, composed of Clarke, Frederick, and Warren counties. He served as judge of the circuit", "title": "Thomas W. Harrison" }, { "id": "220728", "text": "blue plaque. Around 1700, the Harrison family moved to the Lincolnshire village of Barrow upon Humber. Following his father's trade as a carpenter, Harrison built and repaired clocks in his spare time. Legend has it that at the age of six, while in bed with smallpox, he was given a watch to amuse himself and he spent hours listening to it and studying its moving parts. He also had a fascination for music, eventually becoming choirmaster for Barrow parish church.Harrison built his first longcase clock in 1713, at the age of 20. The mechanism was made entirely of wood. Three", "title": "John Harrison" }, { "id": "9067617", "text": "of the west in the spring of 1891, aboard a lavishly outfitted train. Harrison enjoyed a number of short trips out of the capital—usually for hunting—to nearby Virginia or Maryland. During the hot Washington summers, the Harrisons took refuge in Deer Park, Maryland and Cape May Point, New Jersey. In 1890, John Wanamaker joined with other Philadelphia devotees of the Harrisons and made a gift to them of a summer cottage at Cape May. Harrison, though appreciative, was uncomfortable with the appearance of impropriety; a month later, he paid Wanamaker $10,000 as reimbursement to the donors. Nevertheless, Harrison's opponents made", "title": "Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "16561472", "text": "As of July 2011, the store had 12,000 items in its inventory, 5,000 of which are typically held on pawn. Even when absent from the show, according to an episode of \"Pawn Stars\", Harrison usually was the first to arrive at the shop in the morning, and by 2010, had not had a sick day since 1994. From July 19, 2009 until his death, Harrison and his son Rick, along with his grandson Richard Corey \"Big Hoss\" Harrison and Corey's childhood friend and employee Austin \"Chumlee\" Russell, starred in the reality television program \"Pawn Stars\" on the History Channel. Harrison", "title": "Richard Benjamin Harrison" }, { "id": "14813994", "text": "Mary Harrison, and grew up in Dallas, Texas, attending public schools. His mother read widely, kept elaborate scrapbooks featuring both family members and celebrities, and wrote devotional poetry. Harrison attended Texas Christian University, where he became editor of the campus newspaper, \"The Skiff\", and began to write. He later attended Vanderbilt University where he studied to teach comparative religion at the divinity school, but once again he began to write and made lifelong friends in the Department of English. After a year teaching in North Carolina at Atlantic Christian College, he moved his young family to Iowa where he studied", "title": "William Harrison (author)" }, { "id": "824308", "text": "from 1781 to 1784. His direct descendants include two U.S. Presidents—his son William Henry Harrison Sr. and great-grandson President Benjamin Harrison. Harrison was the eldest child of Benjamin Harrison IV and Anne Carter, and a grandson of Robert Carter I. The first Benjamin Harrison is said to have arrived in the colonies around 1630. British historian F. A. Inderwick contends that Benjamin IV is also descended from Thomas Harrison, a participant in the regicide of Charles I, but this is disputed. Benjamin IV and Anne built the manor house at Berkeley Plantation in Virginia and he served as a Justice", "title": "Benjamin Harrison V" }, { "id": "20762997", "text": "in the history of English music. Born in India in 1890, May Harrison was a daughter of Colonel John Harrison, an amateur flautist who was the principal at St. Thomas College of Sappers and Miners. Her sister, Beatrice, was born in 1892 in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India “in a picturesque valley of the Himalayas,” where her father worked, according to David Candlin. Their mother, a singer, had studied with Henschel and Garcia at London’s Royal College of Music. That same year, the family returned to England, where May Harrison’s father was given command of The Royal Engineers Band at Chatham. May", "title": "May Harrison" }, { "id": "15470994", "text": "by his grandfather, Benjamin Harrison IV, and is said to have been bought by a relative in liquidation of Edmund’s debts after his death. In 1927 the home was dismantled and reconstructed in the Windsor Farms neighborhood of Richmond, Va.; it remained in the family until 1975, when it was conveyed by testamentary gift to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and became the designated residence of the museum’s sitting director until its sale in 2014. Edmund Harrison Edmund Harrison (1764–1826) was a Virginia politician and member of the Harrison family of Virginia. He represented the counties of Prince George", "title": "Edmund Harrison" } ]

[ "Kansas" ]

[ { "id": "17354667", "text": "Wheat production in the United States Wheat is produced in almost every state in the United States, and is the principal cereal grain grown in the country. The type and quantity vary between regions. The US is ranked third in production volume of wheat, with almost 58 million tons produced in the 2012–2013 growing season, behind only China and India (But the combined production of all European Union nations is larger than that of China). The US is ranked first in crop export volume; almost 50% of its total wheat production is exported. The United States Department of Agriculture defines", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354668", "text": "eight official classes of wheat: durum wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard red winter wheat, soft red winter wheat, hard white wheat, soft white wheat, unclassed wheat, and mixed wheat. Winter wheat accounts for 70 to 80 percent of total production in the US, with the largest amounts produced in Kansas (10.8 million tons) and North Dakota (9.8 million tons). The US hard red spring wheat crop is exported to over 70 countries each year to the extent of 55%. Of the total wheat produced in the country, 50% is exported, valued at US$9 billion. Although it was first introduced", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354676", "text": "consumed domestically by humans, 50% is exported, 10% is used for livestock feed, and 4% is used for seedlings. Various American-style wheat beers are produced in the US. Wheat in the U.S. is grown under two major categories based on climate: winter wheat, and spring wheat. The majority is winter wheat, accounting for, on average, 75% of wheat production. Wheat may be further classified as follows: In 1941, the wheat industry began to adopt voluntary widespread enrichment (fortification) of wheat flour with vitamins, folic acid, and iron, the outcome of a recommendation by the National Nutrition Conference for Defense, charged", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354680", "text": "and certificates), counter-cyclical programs, market loss assistance, and other wheat programs. In 2012, wheat was the third most-subsidized crop, after corn and soybeans. Wheat farmers received $1.1 billion in subsidies in 2012. The United States is a major wheat-producing country, with output typically exceeded only by China, the European Union, and India. Acreage brought under wheat has, over the last several decades, varied with the wheat price. During the first decade of the 2000s, wheat ranked third among U.S. field crops in both planted acreage and gross farm income; the first two positions were held by corn and soybeans. The", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354683", "text": "wheat and other crops in the US have made it financially profitable to develop areas which otherwise would lie fallow; bluestem prairie is one such area. However, habitat expansion for wheat has stabilized since 2000. Nearly 50% of the wheat produced in the US is exported, although the share of the world market has declined due to competition from the EU, Argentina, Australia, Canada, and also recently from Ukraine and Russia. The exported wheat varieties are white wheat (about 66%), Hard Red Spring (about 50%), Soft Red Winter, and durum wheat. However, the producers continue to increase exports as in", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354675", "text": "winter wheat is grown in the southern U.S. states of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska, and Colorado. In the hot climatic conditions of these states, winter wheat is raised by planting in fall and harvesting in the spring, taking advantage of autumn rains. Under harsh cold weather conditions in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota where winter wheat cannot be grown, the crop is planted in the spring and grows during the long summer days of the high latitudes so that it can be harvested in the fall. Of wheat grown in the United States, 36% percent is", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "991676", "text": "Union nations is larger than China) The U.S. ranks first in crop export volume; almost 50 percent of total wheat produced is exported. The U.S. Department of Agriculture defines eight official classes of wheat: durum wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard red winter wheat, soft red winter wheat, hard white wheat, soft white wheat, unclassed wheat, and mixed wheat. Winter wheat accounts for 70 to 80 percent of total production in the U.S., with the largest amounts produced in Kansas (10.8 million tons) and North Dakota (9.8 million tons). Of the total wheat produced in the country, 50 percent is", "title": "Midwestern United States" }, { "id": "991675", "text": "skyrocketed from 3 percent to 46.5 percent, largely as a result of increase in the Midwest, and by 1969, it had risen to 76 percent. Iowa and Illinois rank first and second in the nation in soybean production. In 2012, Iowa produced 14.5 percent, and Illinois produced 13.3 percent of the nation's soybeans. Wheat is produced throughout the Midwest and is the principal cereal grain in the country. The U.S. is ranked third in production volume of wheat, with almost 58 million tons produced in the 2012–2013 growing season, behind only China and India (the combined production of all European", "title": "Midwestern United States" }, { "id": "17354681", "text": "acreage has gone down by nearly 30% (to 48,653,000 acres in 2001, as against 60-63 million acres harvested annually in the previous years; 30 of this area is in Texas.) The amount exported has also declined. The acreage reduction was dictated by the Acreage Reduction Program (ARP), which was introduced for wheat, feed grains, and cotton; and production faces pressures from multiple factors. It is generally accepted that wheat is beneficial to grow in the off season compared to other crops as its planting occurs, depending on the agro-climatic condition, in late fall or early spring. This results in reduced", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354673", "text": "period of 1869–1871 to over 750 millions during the period of 1919–1921. With recorded wheat production of more than its domestic consumption (production was as much as 2.5 times the consumption), as World War II started, wheat stocks could not be lifted and the result was its use as livestock feed and for industrial alcohol. After the war years, there were four \"best\" years (1945–1948) when the average annual production peaked to 1,228 million bushels, double the production of war years. In 2002, 50% of the U.S. wheat crop was exported, while 36% was consumed by the American population, and", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354669", "text": "to the Western Hemisphere following the discovery of the New World in the 15th century, wheat came to be grown in North American soil only during the colonial period. During the colonial period, wheat was sown by broadcasting, reaped by sickles, and threshed by flails. The kernels were then taken to a grist mill for grinding into flour. In 1830, it took four people and two oxen, working 10 hours a day, to produce 200 bushels. The geographic center of wheat-growing areas in the U.S. in 1839 was to the north and west of Washington, D. C., and spread further", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354672", "text": "in the Dakotas, it took six different people and 36 horses pulling huge harvesters, working 10 hours a day, to produce 20,000 bushels. Following the invention of the steel roller mill in 1878, hard varieties of wheat such as Turkey Red became more popular than soft, which had been previously preferred because they were easier for grist mills to grind. Exports from 1914 to 1922 amounted to more than 200 million bushels. The annual wheat production of the United States more than tripled in the fifty years between 1871 and 1921; it increased from about 250 million bushels during the", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17340608", "text": "Dried Grains with Solubles), accounting for 37% (27% + 10%), or 4,845 million bushels (3,552 + 1,293). The other uses are given in the table. cereals. The final estimate of corn production for the years 1950 to 1959 in the United States is given as some three billion bushels and in recent years, some nine billion bushels are produced each year. Corn growth is dominated by west north central Iowa and east central Illinois. In 2011, the national average production was 147 bushels per acre, and reported to be 20 bushels per acre more than the yield in 2002. Based", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354674", "text": "10% was fed to livestock, with the remaining 4% set aside for seed. Wheat harvesting occurs on land area of 60–63 million acres. Genetically modified wheat, which \"is not approved for cultivation anywhere in the world\", was found in an Oregon farm in June 2013. The grain was modified by Monsanto to tolerate weed killer treatments. It is not known whether the unapproved wheat is present elsewhere. In the North American plains, the wheat production axis that extends over a length of in a north-south direction from central Alberta to central Texas is known as the Wheat Belt. Hard red", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "6683612", "text": "United States is the world's top producer of corn and soybeans. The National Agricultural Statistics Service maintains agricultural statistics for products that include peanuts, oats, rye, wheat, rice, cotton, corn, barley, hay, sunflowers, and oilseeds. In addition, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides livestock statistics regarding beef, poultry, pork, and dairy products. The country is the primary developer and grower of genetically modified food, representing half of the world's biotech crops. Consumer spending comprises 68% of the U.S. economy in 2015. In August 2010, the American labor force consisted of 154.1 million people. With 21.2 million people, government", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "17340603", "text": "Corn production in the United States The production of corn (\"Zea mays mays\", also known as \"maize\") plays a major role in the economy of the United States. The US is the largest corn producer in the world, with of land reserved for corn production. Corn growth is dominated by west/north central Iowa and east central Illinois. Approximately 13% of its annual yield is exported.<ref name=\"2014/2015Statistic\">http://www.grains.org/buyingselling/corn</ref> Corn spread across North America a few thousand years ago. The original corn plant known as teosinte is still grown in Mexico. Newer varieties are much larger, due to plant breeding efforts of Native", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "id": "473611", "text": "farming, trading, policy, sector growth, and wheat uses in different regions of the world. The largest exporters of wheat in 2013 were, in order of exported quantities: United States (33.2 million tonnes), Canada (19.8 million tonnes), France (19.6 million tonnes), Australia (18 million tonnes), and the Russian Federation (13.8 million tonnes). The largest importers of wheat in 2013 were, in order of imported quantities: Egypt (10.3 million tonnes), Brazil (7.3 million tonnes), Indonesia (6.7 million tonnes), Algeria (6.3 million tonnes) and Japan (6.2 million tonnes). In the rapidly developing countries of Asia and Africa, westernization of diets associated with increasing", "title": "Wheat" }, { "id": "223199", "text": "the most significant agricultural crop in the state is wheat. Eastern Kansas is part of the Grain Belt, an area of major grain production in the central United States. Approximately 40% of all winter wheat grown in the US is grown in Kansas. Roughly 95% of the wheat grown in the state is hard red winter wheat. During 2016, farmers of conventionally grown wheat farmed 8.2 million acres and harvested an average of 57 bushels of wheat per acre. The industrial outputs are transportation equipment, commercial and private aircraft, food processing, publishing, chemical products, machinery, apparel, petroleum, and mining. Kansas", "title": "Kansas" }, { "id": "1823132", "text": "Agriculture in the United States Agriculture is a major industry in the United States, which is a net exporter of food. As of the 2007 census of agriculture, there were 2.2 million farms, covering an area of , an average of per farm. Although agricultural activity occurs in every state in the union, it is particularly concentrated in the Great Plains, a vast expanse of flat, arable land in the center of the nation in the region around the Great Lakes known as the Corn Belt. The U.S. was a leader in seed improvement i.e. hybridization and in expanding uses", "title": "Agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "905385", "text": "78.1% of the county's vote; Sam Reed received 74.64% for Washington state Secretary of State; and Rob McKenna received 75.43% for Attorney General. The county is dependent on agriculture, primarily wheat farming. Lincoln County is generally considered the second-largest producer of wheat in the United States (following Whitman County, Washington), sometimes producing 25 million bushels (680,000 t) per year. Only about 500,000 of 900,000 acres (2,000 of ) of farmland in the county are planted in any given year due to the practice of typically harvesting one crop every two years (\"summer-fallow\"), a necessity in a region with only 12", "title": "Lincoln County, Washington" }, { "id": "17354678", "text": "Food Administration, under the direction of Herbert Hoover, set a basic price of $2.20 per bushel. The end of the war led to \"the closing of the bonanza export markets and the fall of sky-high farm prices\", and wheat prices fell from more than $2.20 per bushel in 1919 to $1.01 in 1921. The McNary–Haugen Farm Relief Bill failed in Congress, and was followed by the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929, the establishment of the Federal Farm Board, and the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933. The most important legislation for wheat production in the United States today are the farm", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17340618", "text": "a great producer of corn; the final estimate of corn produced in 2010 was some 301 million bushels on of land, totaling to $1.2 billion of crop. Corn was introduced to Alabama in around the eighteenth century; there have been traces of corn found in Nuyuka's Upper Creek village which dates back to the period. Corn production in the United States The production of corn (\"Zea mays mays\", also known as \"maize\") plays a major role in the economy of the United States. The US is the largest corn producer in the world, with of land reserved for corn production.", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354679", "text": "bills which authorized farm subsidies, the Conservation Reserve Program, and other programs. Adopted around every five years, the most recent farm bills are the 1985 farm bill, 1990 farm bill, 1996 farm bill, 2002 farm bill, and 2008 farm bill. Wheat farmers are a major beneficiary of crop subsidies and other agricultural programs. According to U.S. Department of Agriculture data, from 1995 to 2012, the U.S. federal government paid over $39 billion in wheat subsidies, through direct payments (2003–present) and production flexibility contracts (1996-2002), deficiency payments, crop insurance premium subsidies, price support payments (including loan deficiency payments, marketing loan gains,", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "12786333", "text": "as corn starch and corn syrup. The six major types of maize are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet corn. Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the Americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the United States in 2014 (Production table). Approximately 40% of the crop—130 million tons—is used for corn ethanol. Genetically modified maize made up 85% of the maize planted in the United States in 2009. Sugar-rich varieties called sweet corn are usually grown for human consumption as kernels, while field corn varieties are used for animal feed, various", "title": "Maize" }, { "id": "17281921", "text": "97 degrees W longitude and the Plains extend westward to the Rocky Mountains and southward from the border with Canada to the approximate latitude of Austin, Texas. A somewhat more restrictive definition by the U.S. Census Bureau gives a total area of the Great Plains in the United States as , 18 percent of the area of the entire United States. The Great Plains are distinguished by generally flat land and a natural vegetation cover consisting mostly of expansive grasslands. The eastern part of the Great Plains is nearly completely dominated by agriculture, with wheat being the most common and", "title": "Depopulation of the Great Plains" }, { "id": "17334511", "text": "Cotton production in the United States Cotton production is an important economic factor in the United States as the country leads, worldwide, in cotton exportation. The United States is ranked third in production, behind China and India. Almost all of the cotton fiber growth and production occurs in southern and western states, dominated by Texas, California, Arizona, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana. More than 99 percent of the cotton grown in the US is of the Upland variety, with the rest being American Pima. Cotton production is a $25 billion-per-year industry in the United States, employing over 200,000 people in total,", "title": "Cotton production in the United States" }, { "id": "473605", "text": "production value (including other crops) of $173,681 per farm, plus $17,402 in government payments. There were significant profitability differences between low- and high-cost farms, mainly due to crop yield differences, location, and farm size. In 2016, global wheat production was 749 million tonnes. Wheat is the primary food staple in North Africa and the Middle East, and is growing in uses in Asia. Unlike rice, wheat production is more widespread globally, though 47% of the world total in 2014 was produced by just four countries – China, India, Russia and the United States (table). In the 20th century, global wheat", "title": "Wheat" }, { "id": "473568", "text": "Wheat Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus Triticum; the most widely grown is common wheat (\"T. aestivum\"). The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE. Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis. Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (220.4 million hectares, 2014). World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. In 2016,", "title": "Wheat" }, { "id": "17340614", "text": "economic crises may cause corn prices to fluctuate or to rise. The value of corn is increasing, due to the country's greater demand and reliance for corn. Iowa, the largest producer of corn in the US, grows three times as much corn as Mexico. Iowa harvested of sweet corn in 2007. In 2011, the state had 92,300 corn farms on , the average size being , and the average dollar value per acre being US$6,708. In the same year, there were 13.7 million harvested acres of corn for grain, producing 2.36 billion bushels, which yielded 172.0 bu/acre, with US$14.5 billion", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "id": "17340611", "text": "Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 also allowed more acreage under corn, overriding the act of 1983, which had fixed it at . There are of land dedicated exclusively to corn cultivation in the United States. The US is the world's leading producer of corn, having produced of the crop in the year 2009. Out of 316,000 corn farms, about 300,000 farms (95% of them) are family-owned. More than 30% of corn farms are operated by women. Highest yield of over 12 billion bushels have been recorded up to 2011 with 12.4 billion bushels reported in 2011 with yields of", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "id": "285640", "text": "major crop. In addition, this development has adversely affected habitats of wildlife and birds, and the balance of the ecosystem. The state is the largest producer in the U.S. of many cereal grains, including barley (36% of U.S. crop), durum wheat (58%), hard red spring wheat (48%), oats (17%), and combined wheat of all types (15%). It is the second leading producer of buckwheat (20%). , corn became the state's largest crop produced, although it is only 2% of total U.S. production. The Corn Belt extends to North Dakota, but is more on the edge of the region instead of", "title": "North Dakota" }, { "id": "4612742", "text": "first English colonists and quickly became the main cash crop of farmers who sold it to urban populations and exporters. In colonial times its culture became concentrated in the Middle Colonies, which became known as the \"bread colonies\". In the mid-18th century, wheat culture spread to the tidewaters of Maryland and Virginia, where George Washington was a prominent grower as he diversified away from tobacco. The crop moved west, with Ohio as the center in 1840 and Illinois in 1860. Illinois replaced its wheat with corn (which was used locally to feed hogs). The invention of mechanical harvesters, drawn first", "title": "History of agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "991673", "text": "states were Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, and Minnesota, together accounting for more than half of the corn grown in the United States. The Corn Belt also sometimes is defined to include parts of South Dakota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Kentucky. The region is characterized by relatively level land and deep, fertile soils, high in organic matter. Former Vice President Henry A. Wallace, a pioneer of hybrid seeds, declared in 1956 that the Corn Belt developed the \"most productive agricultural civilization the world has ever seen\". Today, the U.S. produces 40 percent of the world crop. Iowa produces the largest corn crop", "title": "Midwestern United States" }, { "id": "17354670", "text": "over time to the far west of the country. Production conditions also resulted in extending the wheat growing areas into harsher climatic regions. Data on wheat production is available for the period between 1885 and 1930. Improvements in wheat breeding in the U.S. was an activity of the state agricultural experiment stations, while the federal officials concentrated on exploring possibilities of gaining from appropriate varieties developed in other parts of the world. After the American Civil War, the western Mississippi Valley and the Great Plains to its west, where large fertile lands were available, resulted in expanding wheat farming. By", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "17340607", "text": "production level in American farms is a significant 20% higher per acre than in the rest of the world. As the growth of corn has spread to extensive production in 14 states (though it is grown to a lesser extent in all the other US states), the Corn Farmers Coalition was formed. This is a union of the National Corn Growers Association and 14 state corn associations. The total production of corn in the US for the year 2013-2014 is reported to be 13.016 billion bushels, of which the major use is for manufacture of ethanol and its co-product (Distillers'", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "id": "17354671", "text": "this time, better tillage equipment was in use, railroads provided better access to world markets, better trading and warehousing facilities were facilitated, and more particularly introduction of hard winter was introduced. In the 1870s, Turkey red wheat, a hard variety of wheat, was introduced to the farmlands of Kansas by Russian Mennonite immigrants. This wheat variety spread quickly. New technology substantially enhanced productivity in the 19th century, as sowing with drills replaced broadcasting, cradles took the place of sickles, and the cradles in turn were replaced by reapers and binders. Steam-powered threshing machines superseded flails. By 1895, in Bonanza farms", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "4612749", "text": "make Kansas the \"Wheat State\". The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, and the state experiment stations, have developed many new varieties, and taught farmers how to plant them. Similar varieties now dominate in the arid regions of the Great Plains. Wheat farmers have always produced a surplus for export. The exports run a small-scale until the 1860s, when bad crops in Europe, and lower prices due to cheap railroads and ocean transport, opened the European markets. The British in particular depended on American wheat during the 1860s for a fourth of their food supply. By 1880, 150,000,000 bushels were exported to", "title": "History of agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "473619", "text": "crop. Wheat Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus Triticum; the most widely grown is common wheat (\"T. aestivum\"). The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE. Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis. Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (220.4 million hectares, 2014). World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. In", "title": "Wheat" }, { "id": "1823141", "text": "United States has fallen 60% between 1997 and 2003. Heavily mechanized, U.S. agriculture has a high yield relative to other countries. As of 2004: The major livestock industries in the United States: Goats, horses, turkeys and bees are also raised, though in lesser quantities. Inventory data is not as readily available as for the major industries. For the three major goat-producing states—Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas—there were 1.2 million goats at the end of 2002. There were 5.3 million horses in the United States at the end of 1998. There were 2.5 million colonies of bees at the end of", "title": "Agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "17354677", "text": "with investigating the causes of poor health among many World War II recruits. By 1942, some 75 percent of breads in the United States were fortified. Mandatory fortification requirements went into effect in 1943, following the publication of the first U.S. government recommended dietary allowances. The removal of naturally occurring nutrients that occurs in grain processing led to a number of diseases caused by nutritional deficiency, including beriberi, pellagra, neural tube defect, and iron deficiency anemia. Enrichment helped eradicate or reduce the frequency of these conditions in the United States. Under the Wilson administration during World War I, the U.S.", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "3194159", "text": "Palouse The Palouse ( ) is a distinct geographic region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of north central Idaho, southeastern Washington, and, by some definitions, parts of northeast Oregon. It is a major agricultural area, primarily producing wheat and legumes. Situated about north of the Oregon Trail, the region experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century and was once Washington's most populous region, surpassing even the Puget Sound area. The Palouse is home to two land-grant universities, the University of Idaho in Moscow and Washington State University in Pullman. Just eight miles (13 km) apart, both schools", "title": "Palouse" }, { "id": "17340617", "text": "1925-1930. In 2012, Illinois sowed 12.8 million acres of corn in 2012, ranking fourth in corn production, behind Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska. The state averaged 105 bushels per acre in 2012, down from 157-bushel per acre in 2010 and 2011. Although the state of Alaska has a cold temperate climate, some Alaskan farmers still manage to grow corn, through means such as greenhouse farming. Corn is popular among Alaskans. Corn is a popular crop in the state of Indiana; it is mostly grown as animal feed. Indiana is located in the United States' Corn Belt. The state of Texas is", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "id": "17382456", "text": "by 382 pounds per acre. Six states now account for over 99% of all rice grown in the US. These are Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Texas. As of 2003, Arkansas topped the list with a production level of 213 million bushels against a total production of 443 million bushels in the country, and the annual per capita consumption reported is in excess of 28 pounds. The earliest types grown in Carolina were the African \"Oryza glaberrima\", the prized \"Carolina Gold\". Asian \"Oryza sativa\" was \"Carolina White\". After the total decline of rice cultivation in Carolina, \"Carolina Gold\" is", "title": "Rice production in the United States" }, { "id": "17382439", "text": "Rice production in the United States Rice production is important to the economy of the United States. Of the country's row crop farms, rice farms are the most capital-intensive, and have the highest national land rental rate average. In the US, all rice acreage requires irrigation. In 2000-09 approximately 3.1 million acres in the US were under rice production, while an increase is expected in the next decade to approximately 3.3 million acres. US Rice represents rice producers in the six largest rice-producing states of Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. African rice (a separate species from Asian rice,", "title": "Rice production in the United States" }, { "id": "2671512", "text": "land, deep fertile soils, and a high organic soil concentration. As of 2008, the top four corn-producing states were Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, and Minnesota, accounting for more than half of the corn growth in the United States. On account of new agricultural technology developments between 1860 and 1970, the Corn Belt went from producing mixed crops and livestock into becoming an area focused strictly on wheat-cash planting. After 1970, increased crop and meat production required an export outlet, but global recession and a strong dollar reduced exports and created serious problems even for the best farm managers. In 1956, former", "title": "Corn Belt" }, { "id": "2671513", "text": "Vice President Henry A. Wallace, a pioneer of hybrid seed, declared that the Corn Belt has developed the \"most productive agricultural civilization the world has ever seen\". Most corn grown today is fed to livestock, especially hogs and poultry. In recent decades soybeans have grown in importance. The U.S. produces 40% of the world crop. By 1950, 99% of corn has been grown from hybrids. In 1997, the USEPA published its report on United States' ecoregions, in part based on \"land use\". Its \"Level III\" region classification contains three contiguous \"Corn Belt\" regions, Western (47), Central (54), and Eastern (55),", "title": "Corn Belt" }, { "id": "3194180", "text": "areas. Consequently, when fires occur in the forest, they are more likely to result in mixed severity or stand replacing events. Palouse The Palouse ( ) is a distinct geographic region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of north central Idaho, southeastern Washington, and, by some definitions, parts of northeast Oregon. It is a major agricultural area, primarily producing wheat and legumes. Situated about north of the Oregon Trail, the region experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century and was once Washington's most populous region, surpassing even the Puget Sound area. The Palouse is home to two land-grant", "title": "Palouse" }, { "id": "17334524", "text": "to be entirely planted, harvested, and baled by machinery in 1944. In 2012, production totaled 17.3 million bales, with 12.3 million acres planted. The average price was $0.71 per pound with a crop value of $5.97 billion. A report published in May 2012 by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service ranked the highest cotton-producing states as Texas, Georgia, Arkansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arizona, Missouri, Alabama, California, South Carolina, and Louisiana. The United States is the world's top exporter of cotton. Four out of the top five importers of U.S.-produced cotton are in North America; the principal destination is Honduras,", "title": "Cotton production in the United States" }, { "id": "473613", "text": "with a nationwide average of 10.0 tonnes per hectare, followed by the Netherlands (9.2), and Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom (each with 8.6). Wheat futures are traded on the Chicago Board of Trade, Kansas City Board of Trade, and Minneapolis Grain Exchange, and have delivery dates in March (H), May (K), July (N), September (U), and December (Z). Wheat normally needs between 110 and 130 days between sowing and harvest, depending upon climate, seed type, and soil conditions (winter wheat lies dormant during a winter freeze). Optimal crop management requires that the farmer have a detailed understanding of", "title": "Wheat" }, { "id": "844502", "text": "leader in buckwheat production. Growing areas in the Russian Empire were estimated at , followed by those of France at . In 1970, the Soviet Union grew an estimated of buckwheat. As of 2016, it remains a key cereal. In the northeastern United States, buckwheat was a common crop in the 18th and 19th centuries. Cultivation declined sharply in the 20th century due to the use of nitrogen fertilizer, to which maize and wheat respond strongly. Over were harvested in the United States in 1918. By 1954, that had declined to , and by 1964, the last year annual production", "title": "Buckwheat" }, { "id": "17340615", "text": "of corn value of production. Almost 1.88 billion bushels of corn were grown in the state in 2012 on 13.7 million acres of land, while the 2013 projections are 2.45 billion bushels of corn on 13.97 million acres of land. Nebraska is known as the \"Cornhusker State\" – and is the third-largest corn-producing state in the United States. Corn is Minnesota's largest crop. In 1922-1931, production averaged 30.4 bushels per acre; in 1947-1956, it average 46.6 bushels per acre; in 1973, it averaged 91.4 bushels per acre; and in 1994, the average was 142 bushels per acre. In 1935-1946, a", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "id": "991674", "text": "of any state. In 2012, Iowa farmers produced 18.3 percent of the nation's corn, while Illinois produced 15.3 percent. In 2011, there were 13.7 million harvested acres of corn for grain, producing 2.36 billion bushels, which yielded 172.0 bu/acre, with US$14.5 billion of corn value of production. Soybeans were not widely cultivated in the United States until the early 1930s, and by 1942, the U.S. became the world's largest soybean producer, partially because of World War II and the \"need for domestic sources of fats, oils, and meal\". Between 1930 and 1942, the United States' share of world soybean production", "title": "Midwestern United States" }, { "id": "1823173", "text": "includes prenatal care for undocumented workers whose child born in the United States is considered an American by the 14 Amendment of the US Constitution or the Citizenship Clause. Additional work on compliance onsite by OSHA. Agriculture in the United States Agriculture is a major industry in the United States, which is a net exporter of food. As of the 2007 census of agriculture, there were 2.2 million farms, covering an area of , an average of per farm. Although agricultural activity occurs in every state in the union, it is particularly concentrated in the Great Plains, a vast expanse", "title": "Agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "438086", "text": "simple manufacturing have resulted in some U.S. jobs being more highly skilled and better paying. There has been much debate within the United States on whether the decline in manufacturing jobs are related to American unions, lower foreign wages, or both. Although agriculture comprises less than two percent of the economy, the United States is a net exporter of food. With vast tracts of temperate arable land, technologically advanced agribusiness, and agricultural subsidies, the United States controls almost half of world grain exports. Products include wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products, forest products, and", "title": "Economy of the United States" }, { "id": "1823136", "text": "compacted by the cattle and this did not give the soil enough oxygen to sustain life. In the United States, farms spread from the colonies westward along with the settlers. In cooler regions, wheat was often the crop of choice when lands were newly settled, leading to a \"wheat frontier\" that moved westward over the course of years. Also very common in the antebellum Midwest was farming corn while raising hogs, complementing each other especially since it was difficult to get grain to market before the canals and railroads. After the \"wheat frontier\" had passed through an area, more diversified", "title": "Agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "17354684", "text": "the domestic market wheat products have not been competitive in recent years. One of the widely criticized export policies of the US was the PL 480 (Public Law 480), instituted in 1954, which lasted till 1969. India had a major share of about 50% in receiving this aid under it. This policy was criticized because it had damaged the export potential of many countries, in particular Canada and Australia. It was also said that this policy discouraged countries from developing their own agriculture. In India, in particular, this aid, in fact, \"bankrupted large numbers of Indian farmers\". Wheat production in", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "5254308", "text": "Wheat Company in 1904. It was bought by Nabisco (National Biscuit Company) in December 1928. United States production of Shredded Wheat moved to Naperville, Illinois in 1954, where it is still made. In 1993, Nabisco sold the brand to Kraft General Foods, but it was still under the Nabisco name until 1999, whereupon it was sold under the slogan \"Nabisco brought to you by Post.\" Canadian production has been at Niagara Falls, Ontario, since 1904 due to nearby hydro-electric power. United States production is also at Niagara Falls, Ontario. Until recently, United States production took place in Niagara Falls, New", "title": "Shredded wheat" }, { "id": "4612715", "text": "to settle on reservations. However, most Indians themselves became ranch hands and cowboys. New varieties of wheat flourished in the arid parts of the Great Plains, opening much of the Dakotas, Montana, western Kansas, western Nebraska and eastern Colorado. Where it was too dry for wheat, the settlers turned to cattle ranching. Agriculture in the South was oriented toward large-scale plantations that produced cotton for export, as well as other export products such as tobacco and sugar. During the Civil War, the Union blockade shut down 95 percent of the export business. Some cotton got out through blockade runners, and", "title": "History of agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "2447328", "text": "offer an ideal combination of coastal fog and cool temperatures year-round. The harvest season lasts from June through January. Most U.S. production is in California, with a smaller percentage of the crop grown in Skagit Valley, Washington, where cool springs, mild summers, and rich soil abounds, and to a lesser degree on Long Island, New York. Total U.S. production is around 32,000 tons, with a value of $27 million. About 80 to 85% of U.S. production is for the frozen food market, with the remainder for fresh consumption. Once harvested, sprouts last 3-5 weeks under ideal near-freezing conditions before wilting", "title": "Brussels sprout" }, { "id": "17334530", "text": "is used as livestock feed. According to the University of Missouri, cotton production per acreage in this state peaked in the 1953 and decreased to its lowest point in 1967. In terms of yield, Missouri yielded a record low of 281 pounds/acre in 1957 and a record high of 1,097 pounds/acre in 2015. The top four upland cotton producing counties in Missouri are New Madrid (197,000 bales in 2016), Dunklin (171,200 bales in 2016), Stoddard (110,000 bales in 2016), and Pemiscot (72,000 bales in 2016). Other combined counties in Missouri produced 15,800 bales in 2016. In 2017, total Missouri cottonseed", "title": "Cotton production in the United States" }, { "id": "4177886", "text": "of the currencies of North America, with exchange rates between each currency and both the \"euro\" and \"US dollars\" . This list may vary as it is not current. \"Table correct as of 12 April 2008\" Agriculture is very important in Central American and Caribbean nations. In western Canada, in the provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Manitoba, wheat and other various main agricultural products are grown. The U.S. also has many states with significant agriculture production, mainly in the central continental U.S. Mexico produces many tropical fruits and vegetables as well as edible animals. North America has developed", "title": "Economy of North America" }, { "id": "17354682", "text": "application of fertilizers and pesticides, and less need for irrigation, and helps in preventing soil erosion. However, some of the negative effects identified in a study conducted by the FAO are natural habitat loss due to encroachment into new lands after degraded lands are abandoned, loss of indigenous species affecting the biodiversity, and milling operation causing dust pollution. Historically, habitat conversion in the US has occurred in agropastoral land areas as in many other countries, and is considered a natural development. In the western US, habitat conversion is still an ongoing process because the subsidies provided by the government for", "title": "Wheat production in the United States" }, { "id": "1713210", "text": "areas of the UK. In Canada, a major grain-growing area is also called the Canadian prairies. Sometimes the province of Saskatchewan, also known for producing a huge supplement of potash, is further singled out from within this region as the main breadbasket of Canada. In the United States, an important region is the Corn Belt, where maize and soybeans are major crops, which generally extends from the Great Lakes south through Missouri. Further to the west in the United States and Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains, is the Wheat Belt, where the climate is too severe for maize or", "title": "Breadbasket" }, { "id": "10311059", "text": "that they previously weren't able to grow in. This will open growing areas for maize. In North America, fields are often planted in a two-crop rotation with a nitrogen-fixing crop, often alfalfa in cooler climates and soybeans in regions with longer summers. Sometimes a third crop, winter wheat, is added to the rotation. Fields are usually plowed each year, although no-till farming is increasing in use. Many of the maize varieties grown in the United States and Canada are hybrids. Over half of the corn area planted in the United States has been genetically modified using biotechnology to express agronomic", "title": "Intensive crop farming" }, { "id": "473604", "text": "economies with significant food surpluses. In recent years, low international wheat prices have often encouraged farmers in the United States to change to more profitable crops. In 1998, the price at harvest of a bushel was $2.68 per. Some information providers, following CBOT practice, quote the wheat market in per ton denomination. A USDA report revealed that in 1998, average operating costs were $1.43 per bushel and total costs were $3.97 per bushel. In that study, farm wheat yields averaged 41.7 bushels per acre (2.2435 metric ton/hectare), and typical total wheat production value was $31,900 per farm, with total farm", "title": "Wheat" }, { "id": "6846512", "text": "Asia in the prehistoric period . Naked wheats (including \"Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum\") were found in Roman burial sites ranging from 100BCE to 300CE . Wheat first reached North America with Spanish missions in the 16th century, but North America's role as a major exporter of grain dates from the colonization of the prairies in the 1870s. As grain exports from Russia ceased in the First World War, grain production in Kansas doubled. Worldwide, bread wheat has proved well adapted to modern industrial baking, and has displaced many of the other wheat, barley, and rye species that were once commonly used for", "title": "Common wheat" }, { "id": "17382464", "text": "to Harry D Wilson, Commissioner of Agriculture. It is also said that the festival was the idea of the Governor to celebrate the festival on the occasion of the silver jubilee of establishment of the city of Crowley on 25 October 1937. Rice production in the United States Rice production is important to the economy of the United States. Of the country's row crop farms, rice farms are the most capital-intensive, and have the highest national land rental rate average. In the US, all rice acreage requires irrigation. In 2000-09 approximately 3.1 million acres in the US were under rice", "title": "Rice production in the United States" }, { "id": "17181057", "text": "In the United States, wheat is classified into classes and sub-classes. In classes, wheat is split into eight different groups; hard red spring, hard red winter, soft red winter, durum, hard white, soft white, mixed and un-classed wheat. These classes are further sub-classed into five grades (US. No.1-5), with the exception of un-classed wheat. Rice belongs to the genus Oryza of the sub-tribe Oryzinea in the family Gramineae. Three main categories of rice are, (i) long-grain- relatively long and bold types, known as Carolina rice, (ii) medium-grain-long, thin, cylindrical grain, known as Patna, and (iii) short-grain-short, stout grain, known as", "title": "Grain quality" }, { "id": "1477209", "text": "and Trade Policy, corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat and rice are sold below the cost of production, or dumped. Dumping rates are approximately forty percent for wheat, between twenty-five and thirty percent for corn (maize), approximately thirty percent for soybeans, fifty-seven percent for cotton, and approximately twenty percent for rice. For example, wheat is sold for forty percent below cost. According to Oxfam, \"If developed nations eliminated subsidy programs, the export value of agriculture in lesser developed nations would increase by 24 %, plus a further 5.5 % from tariff equilibrium. ... exporters can offer US surpluses for sale at prices", "title": "Agricultural policy" }, { "id": "473612", "text": "prosperity is leading to growth in \"per capita\" demand for wheat at the expense of the other food staples. In the past, there has been significant governmental intervention in wheat markets, such as price supports in the US and farm payments in the EU. In the EU, these subsidies have encouraged heavy use of fertilizer inputs with resulting high crop yields. In Australia and Argentina, direct government subsidies are much lower. The average annual world farm yield for wheat in 2014 was 3.3 tonnes per hectare (330 grams per square meter). Ireland wheat farms were the most productive in 2014,", "title": "Wheat" }, { "id": "17382457", "text": "now cultivated in Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana. In California, production is dominated by short and medium grain \"japonica\" varieties, including cultivars developed for the local climate such as Calrose, which makes up as much as 85% of the state's crop. The broad classification of rice grown includes Long Grain Rice, Medium Grain Rice and Short Grain Rice. While now more than 100 varieties of rice are grown in the world, in the US 20 varieties of rice are commercially produced, primarily in the states of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and California. Primary classification of rice grown are the long,", "title": "Rice production in the United States" }, { "id": "9100545", "text": "has imported 326,287 MT of wheat in 2005 and more than half of this quantity in the first half of 2006 (180,514 MT). Senegal imported United States wheat most recently in 2004 and again in 2006, making the U.S. the third largest supplier after France and Argentina. U.S. wheat is used for blending because of its high protein content compared to French soft wheat. Despite significant increases in the price of wheat in the international markets, the government froze flour and bread prices in November 2006, following strong pressure from consumers’ unions. The millers’ price of flour is currently CFA", "title": "Agriculture in Senegal" }, { "id": "4612744", "text": "families tended to be social outcasts without local roots and mostly lived near the poverty line, except in the harvesting season. From 1909 to today, North Dakota and Kansas have vied for first place in wheat production, followed by Oklahoma and Montana. In the colonial era, wheat was sown by broadcasting, reaped by sickles, and threshed by flails. The kernels were then taken to a grist mill for grinding into flour. In 1830, it took four people and two oxen, working 10 hours a day, to produce 200 bushels. New technology greatly increased productivity in the 19th century, as sowing", "title": "History of agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "1823140", "text": "farmers who wish to implement management practices to conserve soil and limit erosion and floods. Tonnes of United States agriculture production, as reported by the FAO in 2003 and 2013 (ranked roughly in order of value): The only other crops to ever appear in the top 20 in the last 40 years were, commonly: tobacco, barley, and oats, and, rarely: peanuts, almonds, and sunflower seeds. Alfalfa and hay would both be in the top ten in 2003 if they were tracked by FAO. Note alfalfa and hay are not tracked by the FAO and the production of tobacco in the", "title": "Agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "16060261", "text": "produce a significant amount of potatoes, lemons, tangerines, and cantaloupes. Over 49,000 dry tons of chili peppers were grown in New Mexico in 2007, 35 million pounds of peanuts were grown, and 63,000 acres were used for onion production. New Mexico is also a significant producer of pinto beans and grapes. Since Nevada uses 90 percent of its cropland to grow hay, it is not a major contributor to other crops. Nevada does grow potatoes, wheat, barley, and onions, as the rest of the southwest states do. They also grow mint and garlic. Since most agriculture in the Southwest United", "title": "Agriculture in the Southwestern United States" }, { "id": "12786380", "text": "the blowers. Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. In 2014, total world production was 1.04 billion tonnes, led by the United States with 35% of the total (table). China produced 21% of the global total. In 2016, maize (corn) production was forecast to be over 15 billion bushels, an increase of 11% over 2014 American production. Based on conditions as of August 2016, the expected yield would be the highest ever for the United States. The area of harvested maize was forecast to be 87", "title": "Maize" }, { "id": "2671511", "text": "Corn Belt The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States that, since the 1850s, has dominated corn production in the United States. More generally, the concept of the \"Corn Belt\" connotes the area of the Midwest dominated by farming and agriculture. There is lack of consensus regarding the constituents of the Corn Belt, although it often includes: Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, southern Michigan, western Ohio, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, southern Minnesota, and parts of Missouri. It also sometimes includes: South Dakota, North Dakota, all of Ohio, Wisconsin, all of Michigan, and Kentucky. The region is characterized by level", "title": "Corn Belt" }, { "id": "1518652", "text": "to the rest of the world. Irrigation in the Southwest allows the growing of great quantities of fruits, nuts, and vegetables as well as grain, hay, and flowers. Texas is a major cattle and sheep raising area, as well as the nation's largest producer of cotton. Washington is famous for its apples, and Idaho for its potatoes. California and Arizona are major producers of citrus crops, although growing metropolitan sprawl is absorbing much of this land. Local and state government officials started to understand, after several surveys made during the latter part of the 19th century, that only action by", "title": "Western United States" }, { "id": "198223", "text": "of soybeans, with a harvest of 427.7 million bushels (11.64 million metric tons) in 2008, after Iowa's production of 444.82 million bushels (12.11 million metric tons). Illinois ranks second in U.S. corn production with more than 1.5 billion bushels produced annually. With a production capacity of 1.5 billion gallons per year, Illinois is a top producer of ethanol, ranking third in the United States in 2011. Illinois is a leader in food manufacturing and meat processing. Although Chicago may no longer be \"Hog Butcher for the World\", the Chicago area remains a global center for food manufacture and meat processing,", "title": "Illinois" }, { "id": "8220525", "text": "United States is actually made in Iowa or New York and not Italy. The wheat used is mainly local. Barilla Group has several production plants all over the world: in Italy, Greece, France, Germany, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, the United States (in Ames, Iowa and Avon, New York), and Mexico. The company also operates mills in Italy, Greece, Sweden, Turkey, and the US. While its central office is in Parma, it has corporate offices in several other countries as well, such as Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the US, Mexico, Brazil, Australia,", "title": "Barilla Group" }, { "id": "475135", "text": "the U.S. According to estimates for the 2006 crop year, rice production in the U.S. is valued at $1.88 billion, approximately half of which is expected to be exported. The U.S. provides about 12% of world rice trade. The majority of domestic utilization of U.S. rice is direct food use (58%), while 16% is used in each of processed foods and beer. 10% is found in pet food. Rice was one of the earliest crops planted in Australia by British settlers, who had experience with rice plantations in the Americas and India. Although attempts to grow rice in the well-watered", "title": "Rice" }, { "id": "1170128", "text": "Wheatfield, New York Wheatfield is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 18,117 at the 2010 census. The name stems from the agricultural use of the town lands, the growing of wheat. The Town of Wheatfield is east of Niagara Falls International Airport. The Town of Wheatfield was formed in 1836 from the Town of Niagara. It is situated in the southwest part of the county, surrounded by the Town of Lewiston and Town of Cambria to the north, Town of Pendleton to the east, City of North Tonawanda and Niagara River to the south,", "title": "Wheatfield, New York" }, { "id": "13593067", "text": "Milling yield Milling yield is the percentage of finished product obtained from the milling of a cereal crop. Wheat milling yield is the percent of flour obtained from a given unit of whole wheat kernels (flour yield or flour extraction rate), averaging 70-75% in the United States. Rice milling yield is the amount of polished white rice obtained from husked rough rice (yields of brown rice are higher). Rice milling rates for polished white rice vary by crop variety and quality, but tend to average about 72% of rough rice weight in the United States. Byproducts from rice milling include", "title": "Milling yield" }, { "id": "17340612", "text": "more than 140 bushels per acre. A milestone in production in the US is that the farmers take out 20% more corn per acre than in any other part of the world. Farming practice is based on irrigation only in about 11% area while the balance area is under un-irrigated conditions. The farm practices have also resulted in implementing conservation measures which have reduced soil erosion to the extent of 44%. \"See also US Agricultural subsidies\" Corn in the United States has been subsidized since the 1930s, when a drop in demand from post-war Europe caused a food glut and", "title": "Corn production in the United States" }, { "id": "2671514", "text": "stretching from Indiana to eastern Nebraska. Corn Belt The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States that, since the 1850s, has dominated corn production in the United States. More generally, the concept of the \"Corn Belt\" connotes the area of the Midwest dominated by farming and agriculture. There is lack of consensus regarding the constituents of the Corn Belt, although it often includes: Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, southern Michigan, western Ohio, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, southern Minnesota, and parts of Missouri. It also sometimes includes: South Dakota, North Dakota, all of Ohio, Wisconsin, all of Michigan, and Kentucky.", "title": "Corn Belt" }, { "id": "991672", "text": "networks which place extension agents in each state. Iowa State University became the nation's first designated land-grant institution when the Iowa Legislature accepted the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act on September 11, 1862, making Iowa the first state in the nation to do so. The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwest where corn has, since the 1850s, been the predominant crop, replacing the native tall grasses. The \"Corn Belt\" region is defined typically to include Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, southern Michigan, western Ohio, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, southern Minnesota, and parts of Missouri. , the top four corn-producing", "title": "Midwestern United States" }, { "id": "11030568", "text": "of the United States are used for intensive agriculture. The shortgrass prairie has copious amounts for economic potential as it is estimated that only about 50 percent of the shortgrass prairie is still uncultivated. The shortgrass prairie yields for a lot of crop production, and in this specific prairie wheat is the major crop grown. Other major crops grown are maize, soybeans, and cotton. The dry grasslands of the shortgrass prairie yield for extensive grazing operations. Typically cow-calf operations with the young animal sold for finishing in feedlots. Stocking rates and the economy in this region highly depend on the", "title": "Shortgrass prairie" }, { "id": "6580460", "text": "to process rice orders quickly and efficiently. Each year, Riceland mills and markets more than 35 percent of the total U.S. rice crop. Rice flour is produced in Jonesboro and Waldenburg. Rice bran oil is produced in Stuttgart. Non-GMO Soy Flour is produced in the Stuttgart, Arkansas area. Grain Storage Riceland is recognized as one of the nation's top 10 grain storage companies. Crops are received from farmers at harvest and stored at locations in Arkansas and Missouri. Riceland can store 112 million bushels (2.1 million metric tons) of grain, which is monitored until needed at processing plants or moved", "title": "Riceland Foods" }, { "id": "8533", "text": "selection and breeding in the 1920s and 1930s improved pasture (grasses and clover) in New Zealand. Extensive X-ray and ultraviolet induced mutagenesis efforts (i.e. primitive genetic engineering) during the 1950s produced the modern commercial varieties of grains such as wheat, corn (maize) and barley. The Green Revolution popularized the use of conventional hybridization to sharply increase yield by creating \"high-yielding varieties\". For example, average yields of corn (maize) in the US have increased from around 2.5 tons per hectare (t/ha) (40 bushels per acre) in 1900 to about 9.4 t/ha (150 bushels per acre) in 2001. Similarly, worldwide average wheat", "title": "Agriculture" }, { "id": "17206816", "text": "of world output, following China (PRC), which accounts for 85% of output. California (73% of 2004–06 U.S. output), Arizona (12%), and New Jersey (3%) are the top producing states, with 12 other states reporting production of at least 100 acres (2002 census). Over the 2004–06 period, U.S. growers produced an average of 867 million pounds of spinach for all uses, with about three-fourths sold into the fresh market (includes fresh-cut/processed). According to the 2002 Census of Agriculture, spinach was grown on 1,109 U.S. farms—down 17% from 1997, but about the same number as in 1987. The farm value of U.S.", "title": "Spinach in the United States" }, { "id": "4612747", "text": "and railroads generally had a local monopoly, farmers soon had targets besides the weather for their complaints. They sometimes accused the elevator men of undergrading, shortweighting, and excessive dockage. Scandinavian immigrants in the Midwest took control over marketing through the organization of cooperatives. Following the invention of the steel roller mill in 1878, hard varieties of wheat such as Turkey Red became more popular than soft, which had been previously preferred because they were easier for grist mills to grind. Wheat production witnessed major changes in varieties and cultural practices since 1870. Thanks to these innovations, vast expanses of the", "title": "History of agriculture in the United States" }, { "id": "659814", "text": "and cultivation is now very widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. In West Africa, it substantially replaced a crop plant from the same family, the Bambara groundnut, whose seed pods also develop underground. In Asia, it became an agricultural mainstay and this region is now the largest producer in the world. In the English-speaking world, peanut growing is most important in the United States. Although it was mainly a garden crop for much of the colonial period, it was mostly used as animal feed stock until the 1930s. The US Department of Agriculture initiated a program to encourage agricultural production", "title": "Peanut" }, { "id": "473569", "text": "world production of wheat was 749 million tonnes, making it the second most-produced cereal after maize. Since 1960, world production of wheat and other grain crops has tripled and is expected to grow further through the middle of the 21st century. Global demand for wheat is increasing due to the unique viscoelastic and adhesive properties of gluten proteins, which facilitate the production of processed foods, whose consumption is increasing as a result of the worldwide industrialization process and the westernization of the diet. Wheat is an important source of carbohydrates. Globally, it is the leading source of vegetal protein in", "title": "Wheat" }, { "id": "3892582", "text": "current revision, which contains the clause \"consumption of ... grain in the immature stage is acceptable\", allows for \"feed harvesting or stockpiling methods that might include significant amounts of grain\" because the term \"immature\" is not clearly defined. On October 15, 2007 the USDA established a standard definition for the \"grass fed\" claim which requires continuous access to pasture and prevents animals from being fed grain or grain-based products. This label was revoked by the USDA on January 12, 2016. . Beef production tends to be concentrated, with the top six producers—the U.S., the European Union, Brazil, Australia, Argentina, and", "title": "Cattle feeding" }, { "id": "1163300", "text": "town's name to Wheatland, allegedly at the behest of John Garbutt, a former Englishman markedly devoid of Scottish tendencies. In those days, the growing of wheat and the manufacture of flour were the county's primary economic activity, and the Wheatland area figured prominently in this trade. The US Census of 1850 notes that the counties of Monroe and Livingston led the entire United States in wheat production. As the vast agricultural expanses of the American Midwest opened up, the local wheat industry went into decline, beginning in the decade prior to the Civil War. This breakdown was exacerbated by severe", "title": "Wheatland, New York" }, { "id": "473607", "text": "North America. Better seed storage and germination ability (and hence a smaller requirement to retain harvested crop for next year's seed) is another 20th-century technological innovation. In Medieval England, farmers saved one-quarter of their wheat harvest as seed for the next crop, leaving only three-quarters for food and feed consumption. By 1999, the global average seed use of wheat was about 6% of output. Several factors are currently slowing the rate of global expansion of wheat production: population growth rates are falling while wheat yields continue to rise, and the better economic profitability of other crops such as soybeans and", "title": "Wheat" }, { "id": "1477376", "text": "on US family farms are essentially those of US agriculture overall. A USDA survey conducted in 2011 estimated that family farms account for 85 percent of US farm production and 85 percent of US gross farm income. Mid-size and larger family farms account for 60 percent of US farm production and dominate US production of cotton, cash grain and hogs. Small family farms account for 26 percent of US farm production overall, and higher percentages of production of poultry, beef cattle, some other livestock and hay. Several kinds of US family farms are recognized in USDA farm typology: Small family", "title": "Family farm" }, { "id": "1518651", "text": "driest place recorded in the U.S. is Death Valley, California. Violent thunderstorms occur east of the Rockies. Tornadoes occur every spring on the southern plains, with the most common and most destructive centered on Tornado Alley, which covers eastern portions of the West, (Texas to North Dakota), and all states in between and to the east. Agriculture varies depending on rainfall, irrigation, soil, elevation, and temperature extremes. The arid regions generally support only livestock grazing, chiefly beef cattle. The \"wheat belt\" extends from Texas through The Dakotas, producing most of the wheat and soybeans in the U.S. and exporting more", "title": "Western United States" }, { "id": "12943230", "text": "of the most popular crops in the United States, in 2017 over of pumpkins were produced. The top pumpkin-producing states include Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and California. According to the Illinois Department of Agriculture, 95% of the U.S. crop intended for processing is grown in Illinois. Nestlé, operating under the brand name \"Libby's\", produces 85% of the processed pumpkin in the United States, at their plant in Morton, Illinois. In the fall of 2009, rain in Illinois devastated the Nestlé crop, resulting in a shortage affecting the entire country during the Thanksgiving holiday season. Pumpkins are a warm-weather crop that", "title": "Pumpkin" }, { "id": "17334531", "text": "sales were 179,000 tons. Missouri upland cotton production in 2017 was valued at $261,348,000 with 750,000,480 pound bales produced in that year. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, upland cotton in Missouri was valued at 0.751 $ / pound in 2017. Cottonseed production was less valuable that year in terms of dollar value, with a total production being 255,000 tons valued at $39,824,000 ($152/ton). Missouri grows upland cotton, and cottonseed is a valuable livestock feed. Cotton growing is confined to the westernmost tip of the state; over 50% of the Santa Rosa County's harvest is of cotton. Cotton", "title": "Cotton production in the United States" } ]

[ "Alaknanda River" ]

[ { "id": "9109443", "text": "Azhwar saints from the 6th–9th centuries AD. The temple is located in Garhwal hill tracks along the banks of the Alaknanda River in Chamoli district in Uttarakhand, a state in North India. The hill tracks are located above the mean sea level. The Nar Parbat mountain is located opposite to the temple, while the Narayana Parbat is located behind the Neelakanta peak. The temple has three structures: the Garbhagriha (sanctum), the Darshan Mandap (worship hall), and Sabha Mandap (convention hall). The conical-shaped roof of the sanctum, the \"garbhagriha\", is approximately tall with a small cupola on top, covered with a", "title": "Badrinath Temple" }, { "id": "4538166", "text": "in order includes Dhauliganga, Nandakini, Pindar, Mandakini and Bhagirathi all rising in the northern mountainous regions of Uttarakhand. After the last tributary merging at Devprayag the river is known as the Ganges. The Alaknanda contributes a significantly larger portion to the flow of the Ganges than the Bhagirathi. The Alaknanda river is among the best for river rafting in the world due to its high rafting grade. The Alaknanda system drains parts of Chamoli, Tehri, and Pauri districts. Badrinath RishiGanga River meet Alaknanda Badrinath, one of the holy destinations for Hindus in India is located near to the bank of", "title": "Alaknanda River" }, { "id": "9109456", "text": "Animath and Adi Badri located from Karnaprayag. The temple is considered one of the holiest Hindu \"Char Dham\" (four divine) sites, comprising Rameswaram, Badrinath, Puri and Dwarka. Although the temple's origins are not clearly known, the Advaita school of Hinduism established by Adi Shankara attributes the origin of Char Dham to the seer. The four monasteries are located across the four corners of India and their attendant temples are Badrinath Temple at Badrinath in the North, Jagannath Temple at Puri in the East, Dwarakadheesh Temple at Dwarka in the West and Sri Sharada Peetam Sringeri at Sringeri, Karnataka in the", "title": "Badrinath Temple" }, { "id": "9109441", "text": "along the banks of Alaknanda River at an elevation of above the mean sea level. It is one of the most visited pilgrimage centers of India, having recorded 1,060,000 visits. The image of the presiding deity worshipped in the temple is a tall, the black stone statue of Vishnu in the form of Badrinarayan. The statue is considered by many Hindus to be one of eight \"swayam vyakta kshetras\", or self-manifested statues of Vishnu. Mata Murti Ka Mela, which commemorates the descent of river Ganges on mother earth, is the most prominent festival celebrated in the Badrinath Temple. Although Badrinath", "title": "Badrinath Temple" }, { "id": "14719046", "text": "Vishnuprayag Vishnuprayag is one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of Alaknanda River, and lies at the confluence of Alaknanda River and Dhauliganga River, in Chamoli district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is located at . Its original name is Vishnuprayāg. It has an average elevation of 1,372 metres. The Alaknanda River, which originates in the eastern slopes of glacier fields of Chaukhamba, is joined by the Saraswathi River near Mana, and then flows in front of the Badrinath temple. It then meets the Dhauli Ganga River, which originates from the Niti Pass, to form the Vishnuprayag. This", "title": "Vishnuprayag" }, { "id": "19374754", "text": "Badrinath Ki Dulhania Badrinath Ki Dulhania (English: \"The Bride of Badrinath\") is a 2017 Indian romantic comedy film, directed by Shashank Khaitan, and produced by Karan Johar under the Dharma Productions banner. Starring Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt in the lead, the film marks the second installment of a franchise that began with \"Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania\" (2014). Principal photography for the film began in May 2016, and the film was released on 10 March 2017, on the Holi weekend. The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics and was a box office success. It was the ninth-highest grossing", "title": "Badrinath Ki Dulhania" }, { "id": "3184022", "text": "Badrinath Badrinath is a holy town and a nagar panchayat in Chamoli district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is the most important of the four sites in India's Char Dham pilgrimage and gets its name from the temple of Badrinath. \"Badri\" refers to a berry that was apparently said to grow abundantly in the area, and \"nath\" means \"Lord\" / \"Lord of\" as per context in which it is referred. Badri is also the Sanskrit name for the Indian Jujube tree, which has an edible berry. Some scriptural references refer to Jujube trees being abundant in Badrinath. Badrinath", "title": "Badrinath" }, { "id": "9109458", "text": "by Hindus, who aspire to visit these temples once in their lifetimes. Traditionally, the pilgrimage starts at the eastern end from Puri, proceeding clockwise in a manner typically followed for circumambulation in Hindu temples. The most prominent festival held at Badrinath Temple is Mata Murti Ka Mela, which commemorates the descent of the river Ganges on mother earth. The mother of Badrinath, who is believed to have divided the river into twelve channels for the welfare of earthly beings, is worshiped during the festival. The place where the river flowed became the holy land of Badrinath. The Badri Kedar festival", "title": "Badrinath Temple" }, { "id": "3184029", "text": "another names) has got Nirvan on Kailash mountain situated in the Himalayan range and according to Jain faith (Nirvankand), From badrinath numerous jain Muni got Moksha by doing Tapsya. According to Shrimadbhagwat, at this place Rishabhdev’s father Nabhirai and mother Marudevi had done hard Tap after Rishabhdev’s Rajyabhishek and taken Samadhi. Even today footprint of Nabhirai at Neelkanth mountain attracts everybody towards him. Badrinath has an average elevation of 3,100 metres (10,170 feet). It is in the Garhwal Himalayas, on the banks of the Alaknanda River. The town lies between the Nar and Narayana mountain ranges 9 km east of", "title": "Badrinath" }, { "id": "13192843", "text": "city lies in the westernmost part of India. The legendary city of Dwaraka was the dwelling place of Lord Krishna. It is believed that due to damage and destruction by the sea, Dvaraka has submerged six times and modern day Dwarka is the 7th such city to be built in the area. Badrinath is located in the state of Uttarakhand. It is in the Garhwal hills, on the banks of the Alaknanda River. The town lies between the Nar and Narayana mountain ranges and in the shadow of Nilkantha peak (6,560 m). There are other interesting sightseeing spots like Mana,", "title": "Char Dham" }, { "id": "4538168", "text": "and its tributaries can be harnessed. The proposed 23 Hydel-Projects are as follows - As the river flows, the towns along its banks are Badrinath, Vishnuprayag, Joshimath, Chamoli, Nandaprayag, Karnaprayag, Rudraprayag, Srinagar and Devprayag. At each town with suffix prayag, Alaknanda meets another river. Alaknanda River The Alaknanda is a Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and one of the two headstreams of the Ganga, the major river of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. In hydrology, the Alaknanda is considered the source stream of the Ganges on account of its greater length and discharge; however,", "title": "Alaknanda River" }, { "id": "4538165", "text": "21 km from Tibet. Three km below Mana the Alaknanda flows past the Hindu pilgrimage centre of Badrinath. The origin of Alaknanda River is of special interest to the tourists who visit the important pilgrimages in Uttarakhand. The Ganges as Alaknanda rises in the southern Himalayas on the Indian side of the Tibet border. On the Satopanth Glacier six km up from Alaknanda's origin at its snout, the triangular Lake Satopanth is found at a height of 4350 m and it is named after the Hindu trinity Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu, Lord Shiva. The five main tributaries joining with Alaknanda", "title": "Alaknanda River" }, { "id": "8176035", "text": "Gauchar Gauchar is a Hill Town located in Karnaprayag tehsil within Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state in India. Gauchar is situated on the left bank of river Alaknanda and is en route the celebrated holy destination of Badrinath. Situated at an altitude of above the sea level, Gauchar is surrounded by seven mountains. Gauchar is well known for its historic trade fair. This quiet little town is unique in terms of its geographical location and topography. Gauchar is located on one of the largest pieces of flatland in this mountainous region of Uttarakhand. Gauchar is located at . Nature has", "title": "Gauchar" }, { "id": "13677069", "text": "of Himalaya's protests, Parvati performed rigorous penance to get the boon of becoming Shiva’s wife in the new birth too. Temples dedicated to Rudranath (Shiva) and goddess Chamunda are located here. Dev Prayag is the confluence of the two holy rivers, the Bhagirathi - the chief stream of the Ganges and the Alaknanda. It is the first prayag on the way to Badrinath. Beyond this confluence, the river is known as Ganges. The holiness of this place is considered equal to the famous Triveni sangam confluence at Allahabad where the Ganges, Yamuna and Saraswati rivers merge. The confluence of the", "title": "Panch Prayag" }, { "id": "4487418", "text": "of the most holy rivers in Hinduism the Ganges and Yamuna, originate in Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand has long been called \"Land of the Gods\" as the state has some of the holiest Hindu shrines, and for more than a thousand years, pilgrims have been visiting the region in the hopes of salvation and purification from sin. Gangotri and Yamunotri, the sources of the Ganges and Yamuna, dedicated to Ganga and Yamuna respectively, fall in the upper reaches of the state and together with Badrinath (dedicated to Vishnu) and Kedarnath (dedicated to Shiva) form the Chota Char Dham, one of Hinduism's most", "title": "Uttarakhand" }, { "id": "2569931", "text": "Condamine River The Condamine River, part of the Balonne catchment that is part of the Murray-Darling Basin, drains the northern portion of the Darling Downs, an area of sub-coastal southern Queensland, Australia. The river is approximately 500 kilometers (310 mi) long and rises on Mount Superbus, South East Queensland's highest peak, on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, approximately from the east coast of Queensland, and then flows north west across the Darling Downs, then west. The Condamine River is a tributary of the Darling River. The headwaters of the river rise on the slopes of Mount Superbus,", "title": "Condamine River" }, { "id": "8176045", "text": "mountainous region of Uttarakhand, a 4,000 ft airstrip was constructed at Gauchar in 1998-2000 and later upgraded. The airstrip was a vital staging area for rescue and relief efforts following the disastrous 2013 North India floods which ravaged in Uttarakhand in June 2013. Gauchar Gauchar is a Hill Town located in Karnaprayag tehsil within Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state in India. Gauchar is situated on the left bank of river Alaknanda and is en route the celebrated holy destination of Badrinath. Situated at an altitude of above the sea level, Gauchar is surrounded by seven mountains. Gauchar is well known", "title": "Gauchar" }, { "id": "4252604", "text": "Warrego River The Warrego River, an intermittent river that is part of the Darling catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the south west of Queensland and in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia. The Warrego River is northernmost tributary of the Darling River. The river rises from below Mount Ka Ka Mundi in the Carnarvon Range, near Tambo in Queensland, and flows generally south, reaching its confluence with the Darling River, downstream from Bourke. The river is joined by thirty-seven tributaries, including the Nive and Langlo rivers; descending over its course. The river flows through a", "title": "Warrego River" }, { "id": "1539127", "text": "exhibit a tidal bore. It is navigable for most of its length. The river drains the Himalaya east of the Indo-Nepal border, south-central portion of the Tibetan plateau above the Ganga basin, south-eastern portion of Tibet, the Patkai-Bum hills, the northern slopes of the Meghalaya hills, the Assam plains, and the northern portion of Bangladesh. The basin, especially south of Tibet, is characterized by high levels of rainfall. Kangchenjunga (8,586 m) is the only peak above 8,000 m, hence is the highest point within the Brahmaputra basin. The Brahmaputra's upper course was long unknown, and its identity with the Yarlung", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "9109440", "text": "Badrinath Temple Badrinath or Badrinarayan Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu which is situated in the town of Badrinath in Uttarakhand, India. The temple and town form one of the four Char Dham and Chota Char Dham pilgrimage sites. The temple is also one of the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Badrinathholy shrines for Vaishnavites. It is open for six months every year (between the end of April and the beginning of November), because of extreme weather conditions in the Himalayan region. The temple is located in Garhwal hill tracks in Chamoli district", "title": "Badrinath Temple" }, { "id": "9109453", "text": "Searching for an ideal place to set up a hermitage, they came across the other four Badris of the Pancha Badri, namely Bridha Badri, Yog Bhadri, Dhyan Badri and Bhavish Badri. They finally found the hot and cold spring behind the Alaknanda River and named it Badri Vishal. The temple finds mention in several ancient books like \"Bhagavata Purana\", \"Skanda Purana\" and \"Mahabharata\". According to the \"Bhagavata Purana\", \"[t]here in Badrikashram the Personality of Godhead (Vishnu), in his incarnation as the sages Nar and Narayana, had been undergoing great penance since time immemorial for the welfare of all living entities\".", "title": "Badrinath Temple" }, { "id": "13677060", "text": "Ganga River near Joshimath (on Joshimath - Badrinath rout). Alaknanda flows in front of the Badrinath temple, one of the most revered Hindu shrines. Dhauli Ganga originates from the Niti Pass, after traveling a distance of from its source to the Vishnu Prayag This stretch of the Alaknanda River is called the Vishnu Ganges. Legend narrates the worship offered by sage Narada to god Vishnu at this confluence. An octagonal shaped temple - located near the confluence - dated to 1889, is credited to Maharani of Indore - Ahalyabai. Though originally built to install a Shiva linga, it now houses", "title": "Panch Prayag" }, { "id": "590173", "text": "the latter, located at Someshwar and more popularly known as the Dudhsagar Waterfall About east of Gangapur the river passes the town of Nashik where it collects its effluents in the form of the river Nasardi on its right bank. About south direction from Nashik, the river bends sharply to the east, washing the base of a high cliff formerly the site of a Mughal fort, but which is now being eaten away by the action of floods. About below Nashik is the confluence of the Godavari and one of its tributaries, the Darna river. The stream occupies, for nine", "title": "Godavari River" }, { "id": "3184027", "text": "king bhagiratha, the earth was unable to withstand the force of her descent. Therefore, the mighty Ganga (Ganges) was split into two holy channels, with Alaknanda one of them. Another Legend explains both name and sitting posture as this place was full of Badri bushes and Vishnu meditating for, beloved Lakshmi stood next to him sheltering him from scorching sunlight turned into a Badri herself called 'BADRI VISHAL' and her lord(Nath) became the BadriNath. The mountains around Badrinath are mentioned in the Mahabharata, when the Pandavas were said to have expired one by one, when ascending the slopes of a", "title": "Badrinath" }, { "id": "14364095", "text": "of the Malayalam version were sold to Amrita TV and the Hindi version was sold to Hindi channel Colors. The film was certified U/A by the CBFC for video release, with some cuts including reduction in violent sequences. Badrinath (film) Badrinath is a 2011 Indian Telugu-language action film directed by V. V. Vinayak, written by Chinni Krishna and produced by Allu Aravind. The film stars his son Allu Arjun in leading role along with Tamannaah and Prakash Raj. The film revolves around Badri, a skilled warrior trained by a religious Guru Bheeshma Narayan. After being made the protector of Badrinath", "title": "Badrinath (film)" }, { "id": "19374767", "text": "was third highest domestic opener for Bhatt and fourth highest domestic opener for Dhawan. Badrinath Ki Dulhania Badrinath Ki Dulhania (English: \"The Bride of Badrinath\") is a 2017 Indian romantic comedy film, directed by Shashank Khaitan, and produced by Karan Johar under the Dharma Productions banner. Starring Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt in the lead, the film marks the second installment of a franchise that began with \"Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania\" (2014). Principal photography for the film began in May 2016, and the film was released on 10 March 2017, on the Holi weekend. The film received mixed to positive", "title": "Badrinath Ki Dulhania" }, { "id": "1539126", "text": "the Meghna and from here it is known as Meghna before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. About long, the Brahmaputra is an important river for irrigation and transportation. The average depth of the river is and maximum depth is . The river is prone to catastrophic flooding in the spring when Himalayas snow melts. The average discharge of the river is about , and floods can reach over . It is a classic example of a braided river and is highly susceptible to channel migration and avulsion. It is also one of the few rivers in the world that", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "13572773", "text": "between 1861 and 1868. Big Badja River The Big Badja River, a perennial river of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Monaro region of New South Wales, Australia. The river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, north–east of Cooma at the junction of the Kybeyan and Gourock Ranges, and generally flows south and west, joined by three minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Numeralla River at the village of Numeralla; dropping over its course of . Alluvial gold was discovered in and along the river in 1858, with the", "title": "Big Badja River" }, { "id": "3184030", "text": "Nilkantha peak (6,596m). Badrinath is located 62 km northwest of Nanda Devi peak and 301 km north of Rishikesh. From Gaurikund (near Kedarnath) to Badrinath by road is 233 km. India census, Badrinath had a population of 841. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Badrinath has an average literacy rate of 89%, ; with 92% of the males and 86% of females literate. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. Badrinath Badrinath is a holy town and a nagar panchayat in Chamoli district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is the most important", "title": "Badrinath" }, { "id": "590168", "text": "Godavari River The Godavari is India's second longest river after the Ganga. Its source is in Triambakeshwar, Maharashtra. It flows east for draining the states of Maharashtra (48.6%), Telangana (18.8%), Andhra Pradesh (4.5%), Chhattisgarh (10.9%), Madhya Pradesh (10.0%), Odisha (5.7%), Karnataka (1.4%) and Puducherry (Yanam) and emptying into Bay of Bengal through its extensive network of tributaries. Measuring up to , it forms one of the largest river basins in the Indian subcontinent, with only the Ganges and Indus rivers having a larger drainage basin. In terms of length, catchment area and discharge, the Godavari river is the largest in", "title": "Godavari River" }, { "id": "2510102", "text": "Wabash River The Wabash River (French: Ouabache) is a river in the Midwestern United States that flows southwest from near the Indiana border in northwest Ohio, across northern and central Indiana to southern Illinois, where it forms the Illinois-Indiana border before draining into the Ohio River, of which it is the largest northern tributary. From the dam near Huntington, Indiana, to its terminus at the Ohio River, the Wabash flows freely for . Its watershed drains most of Indiana. The Wabash is the state river of Indiana, and subject of the state song \"On the Banks of the Wabash, Far", "title": "Wabash River" }, { "id": "16648495", "text": "in protest of the insult of Shiva. In spite of Himalaya's protests, Parvati performed rigorous penance to get the boon of becoming Shiva’s wife in the new birth too. Temples dedicated to Rudranath (Shiva) and goddess Chamunda are located here. Dev Prayag is the confluence of the two holy rivers, the Bhagirathi - the chief stream of the Ganges and the Alaknanda. It is the first prayag on the way to Badrinath. Beyond this confluence, the river is known as Ganges. The holiness of this place is considered equal to the famous Triveni sangam confluence at Allahabad where the Ganges,", "title": "Tourism in Uttarakhand" }, { "id": "13944234", "text": "light jacket is advised for late evening hours. Researchers find that water from Alaknanda River,(Vasudhara is part of Alakananda) is of medicinal value. After storing for 2 years, its medicinal properties are proved scientifically. Traditionally, this holy water is kept stored by Hindus at their homes. Hindus use this water for religious practices. Vasudhara Falls Vasudhara Falls is a waterfall situated near Badrinath, in Uttarakhand, India. It is located on river \"Alaknanda\". Total distance from Badrinath to Vasudhara is 9 km. The first 3 kilometers of badrinath to mana village is drivable road. Next 6 km is walkable trek from", "title": "Vasudhara Falls" }, { "id": "13572772", "text": "Big Badja River The Big Badja River, a perennial river of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Monaro region of New South Wales, Australia. The river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, north–east of Cooma at the junction of the Kybeyan and Gourock Ranges, and generally flows south and west, joined by three minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Numeralla River at the village of Numeralla; dropping over its course of . Alluvial gold was discovered in and along the river in 1858, with the Big Badja diggings worked", "title": "Big Badja River" }, { "id": "19453769", "text": "Somb river The Somb river, also spelled Som river (Hindi: सोम नदी) is a tributary of Yamuna in Haryana state of India. The \"Somb river\" originates in the Shivalik hills near Adi Badri (Haryana) in Yamunanagar district on the border of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh State. In 1875-76 Pathrala barrage at Dadupur was built where Somb river meets Western Yamuna Canal in Haryana. The basin is classified in two parts, Khadir and Bangar, the higher area that is not flooded in rainy season is called \"Bangar\" and the lower flood-prone area is called \"Khadar\". The Western Yamuna Canal has several", "title": "Somb river" }, { "id": "5635472", "text": "among the unique monuments. The mosque city is situated at the confluence of Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, at a maximum of around from the sea coast. The city is spread over an area of , on the banks of the Moribund branch of the Bhairab River along a stretch (in an east–west direction and about width in north–south direction), which was part of the Sundarbans mangrove forests. According to numismatics, it was built in the 15th century and was known by the name of Khalifatabad during the 16th century. Given the nature of the heavy forest habitat and it being", "title": "Mosque City of Bagerhat" }, { "id": "13661462", "text": "in the 19th century with the royal patronage of the Scindias and Holkars. Badrinath is also part of Chota Char Dham, four sacred temples in Uttarakhand. The others include the Shiva temple of Kedarnath and the sources of the holy rivers Ganges and Yamuna. The Badrinath legend states that Vishnu (Mahavishnu) in his incarnation as the sages Nara and Narayana, did penance in an open space at the location of the Badrikashram or Badrinath. His consort Lakshmi (Maha-lakshmi) created shelter for him in the form of Badri tree (berry tree) to protect him from adverse climatic conditions. The sage Narada", "title": "Sapta Badri" }, { "id": "1324895", "text": "this raises several ecological concerns, together with other forms of exploitation such as use of river deposits. Drava The Drava or Drave ( ; ; ; ) is a river in southern Central Europe. With a length of , including the Sextner Bach source, it is the fifth or sixth longest tributary of the Danube, after the Tisza, Sava, Prut, Mureș and perhaps Siret. Its source is near the market town of Innichen (San Candido), in the Puster Valley of South Tyrol, Italy. The river flows eastwards through East Tirol and Carinthia in Austria into the Styria region of Slovenia.", "title": "Drava" }, { "id": "11193695", "text": "Tumut River The Tumut River (), a perennial stream that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains and South West Slopes districts of New South Wales, Australia. The Tumut River rises on the northern face of Mount Jagungal in the Snowy Mountains at and flows generally north by west, joined by twelve tributaries including the Doubtful Creek, Happy Jacks Creek and Goobarragandra River before meeting its confluence with the Murrumbidgee River, at Darbalara near the town of Gundagai; descending over its course. Between Cabramurra and Tumut, the natural course of the", "title": "Tumut River" }, { "id": "4941511", "text": "Little Don River The Little Don River also known as the Porter, is a tributary of the River Don in South Yorkshire, England. Arising on the Langsett Moors in the northern Peak District, the Little Don River feeds the Langsett and Underbank reservoirs. It runs through the town of Stocksbridge before joining the River Don. A section of the river is designated as a site of special scientific interest since 1977. The site is of considerable importance as it is a proposed reference example for various subdivisions of the Carboniferous. It is one of 35 sites of special scientific interest", "title": "Little Don River" }, { "id": "8231705", "text": "thousands of devotees. Also the temples of Aihole, Pattadakal and Badami are on the banks of the Malaprabha. These are listed as World Heritage sites by UNESCO. Malaprabha River The Malaprabha River (Kannada ಮಲಪ್ರಭಾ ನದಿ) is a tributary of the Krishna River and flows through the state of Karnataka in India. It rises in the Western Ghats at an altitude of in the state's Belgaum district. The river joins Krishna River at Kudalasangama in Bagalkot district. Malaprabha River originates in the Sahyadri mountains at an altitude of at Kanakumbi village west of Jamboti village, Khanapur taluka, Belgaum District, Karnataka. At", "title": "Malaprabha River" }, { "id": "1539129", "text": "southeast of Lake Manasarovar in southwestern Tibet. The river is long, and its drainage area is according to the new findings, while previous documents showed its length varied from 2,900 to 3,350 km and its drainage area between 520,000 and 1.73 million km. This finding has been given by Liu Shaochuang, a researcher with the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications under the analysis using expeditions and satellite imagery from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). From its source, the river runs for nearly in a generally easterly direction between the main range of the Himalayas to the south and the", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "14719047", "text": "stretch of the Alaknanda River is called the Vishnu Ganga. Legend narrates the worship offered by sage Narada to god Vishnu at this confluence. An octagonal shaped temple is located near the confluence that is dated to 1889, and is credited to the Maharani of Indore - Ahalyabai. A stairway from this temple leads to the confluence. This project is owned by Jaypee Industries and is around 12 km in length. The project produces 400MW. The project is located at Hanuman Chatti near Vishnuprayag. The Badrinath temple is the main attraction in the town. According to legend Shankara discovered a", "title": "Vishnuprayag" }, { "id": "589349", "text": "Krishna River The Krishna River is the fourth-biggest river in terms of water inflows and river basin area in India, after the Ganga, Godavari and Brahmaputra. The river is almost long. The river is also called Krishnaveni. It is a major source of irrigation for Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna river originates in the Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar at an elevation of about 1,300 metres, in the state of Maharashtra in central India. It is one of the longest rivers in India. The Krishna river is around 1,300 km in length. The Krishna river's source is at", "title": "Krishna River" }, { "id": "1539137", "text": "Bangladesh, it is joined on its right bank by the Tista River and then follows a 240 km (150-mi) course due south as the Jamuna River. (South of Gaibanda, the Old Brahmaputra leaves the left bank of the main stream and flows past Jamalpur and Mymensingh to join the Meghna River at Bhairab Bazar.) Before its confluence with the Ganga, the Jamuna receives the combined waters of the Baral, Atrai, and Hurasagar Rivers on its right bank and becomes the point of departure of the large Dhaleswari River on its left bank. A tributary of the Dhaleswari, the Buriganga (“Old", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "11372162", "text": "created by the Narmada River and Mahanadi river is the traditional boundary between northern and southern India.The Narmada flows westwards in the depression between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges.The plateau is watered by the east flowing Godavari and Krishna rivers. The other major rivers of the Deccan plateau are the Pennar and the Tungabhadra, a major tributary of the Krishna. The river Kaveri rises in the Western Ghats, in the Kodagu district of Karnataka and flows through the fertile Mandya, Mysore, Hassan regions before entering Tamil Nadu, where it forms an extensive and fertile delta on the east coast. The", "title": "Geography of South India" }, { "id": "4835682", "text": "military dictatorship. Among the most important settlements on the banks of the Araguaia River are (in a downstream order): Several parts of the river's course are protected by national parks and other reserves like the Emas National Park and the Araguaia National Park. The Araguaia has \"beaches\" - bright sandy banks that seam the stream from May to October. Araguaia River The Araguaia River ( ) is one of the major rivers of Brazil, though it is almost equal in volume at its confluence with the Tocantins. It has a total length of approximately 2,627 km. \"Araguaia\" means \"river of", "title": "Araguaia River" }, { "id": "265710", "text": "Murray River The Murray River (or River Murray) (Ngarrindjeri: \"Millewa\", Yorta Yorta: \"Tongala\") is Australia's longest river, at in length. The Murray rises in the Australian Alps, draining the western side of Australia's highest mountains, and then meanders across Australia's inland plains, forming the border between the states of New South Wales and Victoria as it flows to the northwest into South Australia. It turns south at Morgan for its final , reaching the ocean at Lake Alexandrina. The water of the Murray flows through several terminal lakes that fluctuate in salinity (and were often fresh until recent decades) including", "title": "Murray River" }, { "id": "11325194", "text": "Halda River Halda River is a river in south-eastern Bangladesh. It originates at the Badnatali Hill Ranges in Ramgarh Upazila in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, flows through Fatikchhari Upazila, Bhujpur Thana, Hathazari Upazila, Raozan Upazila and Chandgaon Thana of the Chittagong Metropolitan City, and falls into the Karnaphuli River. The long river has a very turbulent tributary, the Dhurung River, which joins Purba Dhalai about downstream. The river is navigable by big boats 29 km into it (up to Nazir Hat) and by small boats 16–24 km further (up to Narayanhat). The Halda reaches up in depth and in deepest", "title": "Halda River" }, { "id": "1539136", "text": "branch, which contains the majority of the river's flow, continues due south as the Jamuna () to merge with the lower Ganga, called the Padma River (). The eastern branch, formerly the larger, but now much smaller, is called the lower or old Brahmaputra (). It curves southeast to join the Meghna River near Dhaka. The Padma and Meghna converge near Chandpur and flow out into the Bay of Bengal. This final part of the river is called Meghna. The Brahmaputra enters the plains of Bangladesh after turning south around the Garo Hills below Dhuburi, India. After flowing past Chilmari,", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "16648487", "text": "the eastern slopes of glacier fields of Chaukhamba, is joined by the Saraswathi River near Mana (that originates on the south from the international border), and then flows in front of the Badrinath temple, one of the most revered Hindu shrines. It then meets the Dhauli Ganges River, whose origin is from the Niti Pass, after traveling a distance of from its source to form the Vishnu Prayag This stretch of the Alaknanda River is called the Vishnu Ganges. Legend narrates the worship offered by sage Narada to god Vishnu at this confluence. An octagonal shaped temple - located near", "title": "Tourism in Uttarakhand" }, { "id": "13381871", "text": "Moonie River The Moonie River, a perennial river of the Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Southern Downs district of Queensland and Orana district of New South Wales, Australia. The rivers rises south west of Dalby, near Braemar State Forest, south-east of Tara in Queensland, and flows generally to the south-west, joined by thirteen minor tributaries, before reaching its confluence with the Barwon River, near the village of Mogi Mogi in New South Wales; descending over its course. The catchment area has no major towns and is extremely flat. The Moonie River is impounded by Thallon", "title": "Moonie River" }, { "id": "4252609", "text": "to mean \"bad\"; and is also an Aboriginal term meaning \"river of sand\". Two warships of the Royal Australian Navy have been named after the river. The Warrego Highway draws its name from the river. Warrego River The Warrego River, an intermittent river that is part of the Darling catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the south west of Queensland and in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia. The Warrego River is northernmost tributary of the Darling River. The river rises from below Mount Ka Ka Mundi in the Carnarvon Range, near Tambo in Queensland, and", "title": "Warrego River" }, { "id": "2136387", "text": "Aboriginal tribes. In the Australian Capital Territory, the river is bordered by a narrow strip of land on each side; these are managed as the ‘Murrumbidgee River Corridor’ (MRC). This land includes nature reserves, eight recreation reserves, a European heritage conservation zone and rural leases. The mainstream of the river system flows for . The river's headwaters arise from the wet heath and bog at the foot of Peppercorn Hill situated along Long Plain which is within the Fiery Range of the Snowy Mountains; and about north of Kiandra. From its headwaters it flows to its confluence with the Murray", "title": "Murrumbidgee River" }, { "id": "3184026", "text": "undergoing great penance since time immemorial for the welfare of all living entities.\" (Bhagavata Purana 3.4.22) The Badrinath area is referred to as Badari or Badarikaashram (बदरिकाश्रम) in Hindu scriptures. It is a place sacred to Vishnu, particularly in Vishnu's dual form of Nara-Narayana. Thus, in the Mahabharata, Krishna, addressing Arjuna, says, \"Thou wast Nara in a former body, and, with Narayana for thy companion, didst perform dreadful austerity at Badari for many myriads of years.\" One legend has it that when the goddess Ganga was requested to descend to earth to help suffering humanity on the request of suryavansh", "title": "Badrinath" }, { "id": "19082724", "text": "confluences with Godavari River south of Purna city in the Parbhani district. The river originates in the Ajanta Hill range within the Gautala Wildlife Sanctuary at an elevation of 838m. The sanctuary provides the much needed forest cover acting like a sponge to soak in the 711 mm to 889 mm of rain received per year, a crucial source of water, in this rain scarce region of Maharashtra. The river has an extensive course measuring up to 373 km in length making it longer than the River Thames of Great Britain. Very close to its origin, it is dammed through", "title": "Purna River (tributary of Godavari)" }, { "id": "1735171", "text": "River Trent The River Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom. Its source is in Staffordshire on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. It flows through and drains most of the metropolitan central and northern Midlands south and east of its source north of Stoke-on-Trent. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in past times often caused the river to change course. The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Burton upon Trent and Nottingham before joining the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between", "title": "River Trent" }, { "id": "2779269", "text": "Murray–Darling basin The Murray–Darling basin is a large geographical area in the interior of southeastern Australia. Its name is derived from its two major rivers, the Murray River and the Darling River. The basin, which drains around one-seventh of the Australian land mass, is one of the most significant agricultural areas in Australia. It spans most of the states of New South Wales and Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory, and parts of the states of Queensland (lower third) and South Australia (southeastern corner). The basin is in length, with the Murray River being long. Most of the basin is flat,", "title": "Murray–Darling basin" }, { "id": "16648475", "text": "origin of river Yamuna). The Char Dham Yatra begins around the first to second week of May every year. These dates are announced in the national media. The base for the yatra is generally the Rishikesh town which has all the amenities available for pilgrims and tourists alike. Pilgrims and tourists generally book their journey through the local travel agents to all the four locations. Badrinath is the abode of Lord Vishnu, who is called 'Badri Vishal', Badri the Big One. Legend has it that Badrinath was in fact the abode of Lord Shiva, who used to reside there with", "title": "Tourism in Uttarakhand" }, { "id": "9109448", "text": "Alaknanda River and enshrined it in a cave near the Tapt Kund hot springs. A traditional story asserts that Shankara expelled all the Buddhists in the region with the help of the Parmar ruler king Kanak Pal. The hereditary successors of the king governed the temple and endowed villages to meet its expenses. The income from a set of villages on the route to the temple was used to feed and accommodate pilgrims. The Parmar rulers held the title \"Bolanda Badrinath\", meaning speaking Badrinath. They had other titles, including Shri 108 Basdrishcharyaparayan Garharaj Mahimahendra, Dharmabibhab, and Dharamarakshak Sigamani. The throne", "title": "Badrinath Temple" }, { "id": "9675459", "text": "Dihing River Dihing or Burhi Dihing is a large tributary, about long, of the Brahmaputra River in Upper Assam in northeastern India. The river originates at above sea level in the Eastern Himalayas (the Patkai Hills) in Arunachal Pradesh and flows through Tinsukia (\"Tinicukeeya\") and Dibrugarh Districts in Assam to its confluence with the Brahmaputra at Dihingmukh. Its watershed covers about . The Dihing has created number of oxbow lakes in the area. The Disang is a tributary of the Dihing in its southern bank. The Joy-Dihing Rainforest, numerous petroleum fields, wet-paddy fields, bamboo orchards and tea gardens provide a", "title": "Dihing River" }, { "id": "8187979", "text": "Nandaprayag Nandaprayag is a town and a nagar panchayat in Chamoli district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Nandaprayag is one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of Alaknanda River, and lies at the confluence of Alaknanda River and Nandakini River. Nandaprayag was once the capital of Yadu kingdom. Nandaprayag is located at . It has an average elevation of 1,358 metres (4,455 feet).The 538 km long NH 58, connecting NCR with the holy shrine Badrinath and the Mana pass near Indo-Tibet border, pass through this quaint town. The town is nestled in the mountainous terrain overlooking the confluence or", "title": "Nandaprayag" }, { "id": "14364083", "text": "Badrinath (film) Badrinath is a 2011 Indian Telugu-language action film directed by V. V. Vinayak, written by Chinni Krishna and produced by Allu Aravind. The film stars his son Allu Arjun in leading role along with Tamannaah and Prakash Raj. The film revolves around Badri, a skilled warrior trained by a religious Guru Bheeshma Narayan. After being made the protector of Badrinath temple, he finds his loyalties divided when he tries to revive the faith of Alakananda, an atheist, in God and gets caught in violent battles with her cruel uncle Sarkar, while his Guru suspects him to be in", "title": "Badrinath (film)" }, { "id": "15184193", "text": "Verugal Aru The Verugal Aru (Verugal River) (), literally \"flood\" or \"that which overflows\"; is a river in Sri Lanka that separates the Trincomalee and Batticaloa Districts. The famous Verugal Kandaswamy Temple lies on its banks. It flows through Verugal town, just north of Kathiraveli. The river reaches the Indian ocean on the eastern coast of the island just south of Trincomalee. The river also feeds the Ullackalie Lagoon. Known as \"Barraces\" to Alexandrian seafarers, it features on Ptolemy's map of the island in the 2nd century CE. Its source on the map is the Central Highlands of the island,", "title": "Verugal Aru" }, { "id": "3184024", "text": "The temple in Badrinath is also a sacred pilgrimage site for Vaishnavites. Badrinath is also gateway to several mountaineering expeditions headed to mountains like Nilkantha. The Badrinath temple is the main attraction in the town. According to legend Shankar discovered a black stone image of Lord Badrinarayan made of Saligram stone in the Alaknanda River. He originally enshrined it in a cave near the Tapt Kund hot springs. In the sixteenth century, the King of Garhwal moved the murti to the present temple. The temple is approximately 50 ft (15 m) tall with a small cupola on top, covered with", "title": "Badrinath" }, { "id": "1539134", "text": "than apart. As the river follows its braided course through the valley, it receives several rapidly rushing Himalayan streams, including the Subansiri, Kameng, Bhareli, Dhansiri, Manas, Champamati, Saralbhanga, and Sankosh Rivers. The main tributaries from the hills and from the plateau to the south are the Burhi Dihing, the Disang, the Dikhu, and the Kopili. Between Dibrugarh and Lakhimpur Districts, the river divides into two channels—the northern Kherkutia channel and the southern Brahmaputra channel. The two channels join again about downstream, forming the Majuli island, which is the largest river island in the world. At Guwahati, near the ancient pilgrimage", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "14364093", "text": "in Hindi under the title \"Sangharsh Aur Vijay\". The grand audio launching event of Badrinath was held at Shilpakala Vedika on 7 May 2011. Allu Arjun, Sneha Reddy, Tamannaah, V. V. Vinayak, Allu Aravind, his wife Nirmala, M. M. Keeravani, K. Raghavendra Rao, A. Kodandarami Reddy, K. S. Rama Rao, Chiranjeevi, his wife Mrs. Surekha, Srija, Sukumar, S. S. Rajamouli, Rama Rajamouli, Boyapati Srinu, B. V. S. N. Prasad, B. Gopal, Srinu Vaitla, Anand Sai, S. Gopala Reddy, Tagore Madhu, K. Atchi Reddy, Chandrabose, Chinni Krishna, Chaitanya Prasad, Pokuri Babu Rao, etc., were the prominent figures in the audio function.", "title": "Badrinath (film)" }, { "id": "9109468", "text": "located away via Dev Prayag, Rudra Prayag, Karna Prayag, Nanda Prayag, Joshimath, Vishnuprayag and Devadarshini. From Kedarnath, visitors can follow the -long Rudra Prayag route or the -long Ukhimath and Gopeshwar route. Badrinath Temple Badrinath or Badrinarayan Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu which is situated in the town of Badrinath in Uttarakhand, India. The temple and town form one of the four Char Dham and Chota Char Dham pilgrimage sites. The temple is also one of the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Badrinathholy shrines for Vaishnavites. It is open for six months", "title": "Badrinath Temple" }, { "id": "2659879", "text": "Ghats). The central alluvial region of the land is almost plain and the soil is fertile and rich. The river Damanganga rises in the Ghat 64 km from the western coast and discharges itself in the Arabian Sea at the port of Daman after crossing Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Its three tributaries, Varna, Pipri and Sakartond, join Daman Ganga within the territory. Dadra and Nagar Haveli lies within the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests ecoregion, characterized by forests of teak (\"Tectona grandis\") and other dry-season deciduous trees. About 43% of the land is under forest cover. However, the reserved", "title": "Dadra and Nagar Haveli" }, { "id": "1776794", "text": "Raritan River The Raritan River is a major river of central New Jersey in the United States. Its watershed drains much of the mountainous area of the central part of the state, emptying into the Raritan Bay on the Atlantic Ocean. Geologists assert that the lower Raritan provided the course of the mouth of the Hudson River approximately 6,000 years ago. Following the end of the last ice age, the Narrows had not yet been formed and the Hudson flowed along the Watchung Mountains to present-day Bound Brook, then followed the course of the Raritan eastward into Lower New York", "title": "Raritan River" }, { "id": "1671005", "text": "through the central plain and combine at Al-Qurnah to form the Shatt al-Arab and discharge into the Persian Gulf. The region has historical importance as part of the Fertile Crescent region, in which civilization is believed to have first emerged. The ecoregion is characterized by two large rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates. The rivers have several small tributaries which feed into the system from shallow freshwater lakes, swamps, and marshes, all surrounded by desert. The hydrology of these vast marshes is extremely important to the ecology of the entire upper Persian Gulf. Historically, the area is known as Mesopotamia. As", "title": "Tigris–Euphrates river system" }, { "id": "14364091", "text": "bring her back and marry her. Following his guru's orders, Badri fights off Sarkar and his goons, saves Alakananda, and finally marries her. In the end, Bheeshma Narayan asks them to hand over one of their children so that he can make him his successor, to which they agree happily. Certified A (adults only) by the Central Board of Film Certification on the account of graphic action violence, the film released theatrically along with its Malayalam dubbed version on 10 June 2011. Badrinath received mixed to positive reviews from critics. Idlebrain.com gave a review of rating 3/5 stating \"The plus", "title": "Badrinath (film)" }, { "id": "20960799", "text": "Highway between Tailem Bend and Meningie. Wellington East, South Australia Wellington East (also historically known as East Wellington or part of Wellington) is a locality in the Murray Mallee on the east (left bank) of the Murray River in South Australia where the river opens into Lake Alexandrina, the largest of the lakes at the end of the Murray-Darling system. Wellington East is the eastern end of the Wellington Ferry, the furthest downstream crossing of the Murray River on Route B45. It is mostly low-lying land and development is predominantly shacks and holiday homes associated with the river and lagoons.", "title": "Wellington East, South Australia" }, { "id": "4572625", "text": "Sundarbans The Sundarbans is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans from the Hooghly River in India's state of West Bengal to the Baleswar River in Bangladesh. It comprises closed and open mangrove forests, agriculturally used land, mudflats and barren land, and is intersected by multiple tidal streams and channels. Four protected areas in the Sundarbans are enlisted as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, viz Sundarbans National Park, Sundarbans West, Sundarbans South and Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuaries. The Sundarbans mangrove forest covers an area of", "title": "Sundarbans" }, { "id": "14364086", "text": "the second highest Telugu grosser in Karnataka after Magadheera that time. The film had an opening day record of which was later surpassed by Allu Arjun's own film Julayi in 2012. Prem Rakshith won the Filmfare Award for Best Dance Choreographer for the film's song \"Nath Nath\". The film was made on a budget of , and was one of the most expensive Telugu films at that time. Bheeshma Narayan (Prakash Raj) is a religious guru who prepares an army for the protection of all the ancient Hindu temples from terrorists. Of all the valiant and talented warriors in this", "title": "Badrinath (film)" }, { "id": "157994", "text": "Nabadwip, and Hooghly has a number of tributaries of its own. The largest is the Damodar River, which is long, with a drainage basin of . The Hooghly River empties into the Bay of Bengal near Sagar Island. Between Malda and the Bay of Bengal, the Hooghly river passes the towns and cities of Murshidabad, Nabadwip, Kolkata and Howrah. After entering Bangladesh, the main branch of the Ganges is known as the Padma. The Padma is joined by the Jamuna River, the largest distributary of the Brahmaputra. Further downstream, the Padma joins the Meghna River, the second largest distributary of", "title": "Ganges" }, { "id": "1324889", "text": "Drava The Drava or Drave ( ; ; ; ) is a river in southern Central Europe. With a length of , including the Sextner Bach source, it is the fifth or sixth longest tributary of the Danube, after the Tisza, Sava, Prut, Mureș and perhaps Siret. Its source is near the market town of Innichen (San Candido), in the Puster Valley of South Tyrol, Italy. The river flows eastwards through East Tirol and Carinthia in Austria into the Styria region of Slovenia. It then turns southeast, passing through Croatia and, after merging with its main tributary Mur, forms most", "title": "Drava" }, { "id": "16153887", "text": "Bakulahi River The Bakulahi River (Hindi: बकुलाही नदी, Urdu: باکلاهی) originates from Bharatpur Lake of Rae Bareli district of Uttar Pradesh of India. Its banks are densely populated and form a fertile agricultural area. Bakulahi River is oldest river, it is mentioned in Vedas. This river is of ancient significance, finding mentions in the epic Ramayana and Mahabharata. Its ancient and historical name was \"BALKUNI\" but Presently the river is known as Bakulahi. As the river had a large quantity of sand and pebbles in it, it was named Balukini. Bakulahi River originates from Bharatpur Lake of Rae Bareli district", "title": "Bakulahi River" }, { "id": "13661474", "text": "Suryakund, on top of Milam glacier, which is a hot water spring, where Kunti - mother of Pandavas gave birth to her illegitimate son Karna, fathered by the sun-god Surya. Kunti was married to Pandu at Pandukeshwar. Yogdhyan Badri is also considered the winter abode for the Utsava-murti (festival-image) of Badrinath, when the temple of Badrinath is closed. Hence, it is religiously ordained that a pilgrimage will not be complete without offering prayers at this place. Bhatts (priests) from South India serve as chief priests in the temple. Dhyan Badri (, above sea level) is located in the Urgam valley,", "title": "Sapta Badri" }, { "id": "4633588", "text": "Padma River The Padma ( \"Pôdda\") is a major river in Bangladesh. It is the main distributary of the Ganges, flowing generally southeast for to its confluence with the Meghna River near the Bay of Bengal. The city of Rajshahi is situated on the banks of the river. However, over 256 square miles of land, as large as Chicago, has been lost due to erosion of Padma since 1966. The Padma, Sanskrit for lotus flower, is mentioned in Hindu mythology as a byname for the Goddess Lakshmi. The name \"Padma\" is given to the lower part of the course of", "title": "Padma River" }, { "id": "10892623", "text": "Hindon River Hindon River, a tributary of Yamuna river, is a river in India that originates in the Saharanpur District, from Upper Shivalik in Lower Himalayan Range. The river is entirely rainfed and has a catchment area of . It flows between Ganges and Yamuna rivers for through Muzaffarnagar District, Meerut District, Baghpat District, Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida before it joins Yamuna river just outside Delhi. The Hindon Air Force Base of the Indian Air Force also lies on its bank in the Ghaziabad district on the outskirts of Delhi. Kali river, which originates in the Doon Valley and travels", "title": "Hindon River" }, { "id": "5556166", "text": "backwater system (part of Vembanad Lake) at Varappuzha. The Vembanad backwaters are connected to the Lakshadweep Sea at Cochin and Kodungallur. Its major tributaries are: Minor tributaries are: Muthayar, Perunthuraiar, Chinnar, Cheruthony, Kattappanayar Although the Chalakudy river in strict geological sense is a tributary of the Periyar, for all practical purposes it is treated as a separate river by Government and other agencies. Chalakudy river itself has a catchment area of , with in Kerala and in Tamil Nadu. The Periyar basin spreads over an area of , most of it in central Kerala. It lies between latitudes 9°15’30”N and", "title": "Periyar (river)" }, { "id": "9623132", "text": "Goodradigbee River Goodradigbee River, a perennial stream that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains district of New South Wales, Australia. The river rises below Mount Morgan on the northern side of the Snowy Mountains at and flows generally north west, joined by fifteen minor tributaries towards its mouth at the confluence with the Murrumbidgee River at Lake Burrinjuck; dropping over the course of the river's length of . The majority of the catchment (95%) is forested with the upper catchment within the Kosciuszko National Park. The catchment is in area.", "title": "Goodradigbee River" }, { "id": "13944230", "text": "Vasudhara Falls Vasudhara Falls is a waterfall situated near Badrinath, in Uttarakhand, India. It is located on river \"Alaknanda\". Total distance from Badrinath to Vasudhara is 9 km. The first 3 kilometers of badrinath to mana village is drivable road. Next 6 km is walkable trek from Mana village to Vasudhara waterfall. The log inheight of this waterfall is 400 ft(122 mt) Mana Village and Vasudhara Fall are usually accessible to tourists during the same season of year when Badrinath temple is open to general public (usually from 2nd week of May to October or November every year*). Badrinath, is", "title": "Vasudhara Falls" }, { "id": "8932625", "text": "up on the banks of this river and his birthplace at Thunjan Parambu is situated very near to the river and the place is called Annara \"desam\" and Trikkandiyoor \"amsom\" in the former Kingdom of Tanur (Vettattnad). Vallathol Narayana Menon, poet and the founder of Kerala Kalamandalam, was also born on the banks of this river. Tirur River The Tirur River begins in the Tirur taluk village of Athavanad in the Malappuram district of the state of Kerala in south India and flows south-west to Thirunavaya and then north-west to Elamkulam where it turns south-west, joining the Bharathapuzha River, which", "title": "Tirur River" }, { "id": "4835678", "text": "Araguaia River The Araguaia River ( ) is one of the major rivers of Brazil, though it is almost equal in volume at its confluence with the Tocantins. It has a total length of approximately 2,627 km. \"Araguaia\" means \"river of (red) macaws\" in the Tupi language. The Araguaia River comes from Goiás-Mato Grosso south borders. From there it flows northeast to a junction with the Tocantins near the town of São João. Along its course, the river forms the border between the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Pará. Roughly in the middle of its course the Araguaia", "title": "Araguaia River" }, { "id": "2136997", "text": "Darling River The Darling River is the third longest river in Australia, measuring from its source in northern New South Wales to its confluence with the Murray River at Wentworth, New South Wales. Including its longest contiguous tributaries it is long, making it the longest river system in Australia. The Darling River is the outback's most famous waterway. The Darling has been in poor health, suffering from overuse of its waters, pollution from pesticide runoff and prolonged drought. In some years it has barely flowed at all. The river has a high salt content and declining water quality. Increased rainfall", "title": "Darling River" }, { "id": "10331974", "text": "The Chambal and its tributaries drain the Malwa region of northwestern Madhya Pradesh, while its tributary, the Banas, which rises in the Aravalli Range, drains southeastern Rajasthan. At its confluence with the Yamuna, the Chambal joins four other rivers – the Yamuna, Kwari, Sind, and Pahuj – at Pachnada near Bhareh in Uttar Pradesh, at the border of the Bhind and Etawah districts. The river is drained by a rain-fed catchment area with an average annual rainfall of , a temperature range of between and , and a relative humidity ranging from 30% to 90%. Between and from the Chambal's", "title": "Jawahar Sagar Dam" }, { "id": "11957117", "text": "Maranoa River The Maranoa River, part of the Murray-Darling basin, is a river situated in South West Queensland, Australia. Formed by the confluence of the west and east branches of the river, the Maranoa River rises on the Consuelo Tableland in the Carnarvon National Park. The valleys in the river's catchment area are broad rather than gorge-like as in the nearby Carnarvon Gorge, with isolated bluffs and pillars of sandstone on sandy plains. The Maranoa passes through Mitchell and flows south towards St George. The river reaches its confluence with the Balonne River north of St George. The Balonne eventually", "title": "Maranoa River" }, { "id": "18824586", "text": "embarked on a crossing from Badrinath to Gaumukh.The sources of the three main rivers that together form the Ganges: the Bhagirathi, Mandakini and Alaknanda, each have temples – Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath – that are the destinations for Hindu pilgrims. This region is very mountainous and the watershed had never been crossed. Leaving Joshimah for Badrinath, the party hired porters and set off on 12 July for the Bhagirath Kharak glacier. Finding there was no pass at the head of the glacier they explored four subsidiary glaciers entering from the south-west but none were passable. Instead, they headed north to", "title": "Shipton–Tilman Nanda Devi expeditions" }, { "id": "6086147", "text": "on the Deccan Plateau, and its valley has fertile soil that is intensively farmed. The \"Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency\" described the course of the river as follows: Girna River The Girna River is a river in the state of Maharashtra in southern India. It gets its name from the goddess Giraja, also known as Parvati. The Girna originates at Kem Peak in the Western Ghats mountain range and flows east across Nashik District—where it is joined by the Mausam River—and into Malegaon District. It then swings north to join the Tapti River. The biggest dams on it are Chankapur", "title": "Girna River" }, { "id": "10525742", "text": "Shitalakshya River Shitalakshya River ( \"Shitalokkha Nodi\") (also known as Lakhya River) is a distributary of the Brahmaputra. In its initial stages it flows in a southwest direction and then east of the city of Narayanganj in central Bangladesh until it merges with the Dhaleswari near Kalagachhiya. A portion of its upper course is known as Banar River. The river is about long and at it widest, near Narayanganj, it is across. Its flow, measured at Demra, has reached . It remains navigable year round. The river flows through Gazipur district forming its border with Narsingdi for some distance and", "title": "Shitalakshya River" }, { "id": "2569943", "text": "the level of the seep compared to the peak rate recorded in early-2016. This was done by intercepting and producing the gas before it reached the river, effectively taking it out of the system. Condamine River The Condamine River, part of the Balonne catchment that is part of the Murray-Darling Basin, drains the northern portion of the Darling Downs, an area of sub-coastal southern Queensland, Australia. The river is approximately 500 kilometers (310 mi) long and rises on Mount Superbus, South East Queensland's highest peak, on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, approximately from the east coast of", "title": "Condamine River" }, { "id": "13572828", "text": "Crookwell River The Crookwell River is a perennial river that is part of the Lachlan catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, located in the Southern Tablelands and South West Slopes regions of New South Wales, Australia. Sourced by runoff from the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, the river rises south of and flows generally northwest by west, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Lachlan River northwest of Binda and east of Frogmore. The river descends over its course. The river was originally named \"Crook-ell\" by William Stephenson, who originated from Crookhall, Durham, England. Large", "title": "Crookwell River" }, { "id": "19989092", "text": "Kaljani River Kaljani River () is a tributary of Torsha river, originated (26°50'24\"N 89°26'28\"E) in Bhutan at the foothills of the Himalayas and it flows from north to south via Bhutan & India and confluences (26°16'25\"N 89°35'01\"E) with Torsha river that again confluences with Brahmaputra river which confluences with Padma river that merges with Bay of Bengal. Kaljani river and its tributaries are attractions of the Dooars[] Major tributaries of Kaljani are Dima, Nonai, etc. The major portion of the river flows through the Indian state West Bengal. In 1993, towns like Alipurduar, Hamiltanganj on its bank was flooded when", "title": "Kaljani River" }, { "id": "1539133", "text": "of Assam, and becomes very wide—as wide as in parts of Assam. The Dihang, winding out of the mountains, turns toward the southeast and descends into a low-lying basin as it enters northeastern Assam state. Just west of the town of Sadiya, the river again turns to the southwest and is joined by two mountain streams, the Lohit and the Dibang. Below that confluence, about from the Bay of Bengal, the river becomes known conventionally as the Brahmaputra (\"Son of Brahma\"). In Assam, the river is mighty, even in the dry season, and during the rains, its banks are more", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "7429388", "text": "Vasishta Nadi Vasishta Nadi, named after the Hindu sage Vasishtha, originates from Salem district, flows through Kurchi, Belur, Pethanaickenpalayam, Attur, Pattuthurai, Thalaivasal, Aragalur, Sitheri and Cuddalore district. This river flows in Tiruchirapalli and joins Sweata Nadi before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Dams on the river are located at Attur and Periyeri. Check dams are constructed at Attur, Thalivasal and Periyeri/Aragalur. Like many seasonal rivers in Tamil Nadu, soil erosion is a major concern for many parts of this river due to legal/illegal extensive sand mining for concrete. The Vellar system consists of the Vasishta Nadi and Sweata Nadi,", "title": "Vasishta Nadi" }, { "id": "39439", "text": "name Padma or \"Pôdda\"), Brahmaputra (Jamuna or \"Jomuna\"), and Meghna rivers and their respective tributaries. The Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna, finally flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh has 57 trans-boundary rivers, making the resolution of water issues politically complicated, in most cases, as the country is a lower riparian state to India. Bangladesh is predominantly rich fertile flat land. Most parts of it is less than above sea level, and it is estimated that about 10% of its land would be flooded if the sea level were to", "title": "Bangladesh" }, { "id": "2136386", "text": "Murrumbidgee River Murrumbidgee River (), a major tributary of the Murray River within the Murray–Darling basin and the second longest river in Australia. It flows through the Australian state of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. It descends as it flows in a west-northwesterly direction from the foot of Peppercorn Hill in the Fiery Range of the Snowy Mountains towards its confluence with the Murray River near Boundary Bend. The word \"Murrumbidgee\" means \"big water\" in the Wiradjuri language, one of the local Aboriginal languages. The river itself flows through several traditional Indigenous Australian lands, home to various", "title": "Murrumbidgee River" }, { "id": "8135769", "text": "form of river Vitasta by stroke of Lord Shiva's trident. The spring is at the exact centre almost 50 feet (as the locals tell about the depth) under water from where the water continuously comes up and flows into the gardens facing the spring. It is also a sacred place for Hindus as there is a Lord Shiva shivling in one of the arcs (the very first on the left of the entry of the spring). The historical garden also has an old temple with some ancient idols of Hindu goddesses. Some 2 km away is Vithavatur(Vitastatra), supposed to be", "title": "Verinag" } ]

[ "Paul Zerdin" ]

[ { "id": "7633697", "text": "September 16, Paul Zerdin was announced the winner of the season, making him the second ventriloquist to win. Comedian Drew Lynch was runner-up, and magician mentalist Oz Pearlman was in Third Place. \"America's Got Talent\" was renewed for an eleventh season on September 1, 2015. The season would have preliminary open call auditions in Detroit, New York, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, Las Vegas, San Jose, San Diego, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Orlando, and Dallas. As in years past, hopeful contestants may also submit auditions online. On October 22, 2015, it was announced that creator Simon Cowell would replace Howard", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "18781284", "text": "season 6 winner Jordin Sparks, season 7 winner David Cook, and season 10 finalist Haley Reinhart. Following the judges selection of four semifinalists to advance to the Finals, the remaining ten semifinalists competed for the viewers' vote to advance six of them to complete the final group of ten. They were filmed February 23, 2016, at CBS Television City in Hollywood, California, and aired February 24, 2016. The finals took place over six weeks, consisting of seven live shows. They were filmed at CBS Television City in Hollywood, California. There were 10 finalists. Two finalists were eliminated in the first", "title": "American Idol (season 15)" }, { "id": "18284056", "text": "2012, and in 2013 was awarded \"Best College Performer\" by \"Campus Activities Magazine\" (based in Prosperity, South Carolina) in their Reader's Choice Awards. Franco was always encouraged by his grandmother, Eleanor Campellone, who told an interviewer, \"His mother was always working and he couldn't show her everything -- look mom, look mom. So the grandma was there and I had all the time in the world. I'd spend hours watching his tricks.\" In 2014/2015, Franco achieved mainstream success as the winner of \"America's Got Talent\". At the conclusion of the finale, Franco was announced as the winner. He continues to", "title": "Mat Franco" }, { "id": "18270372", "text": "Hall in New York for the live shows, which began, 2015. Dunkin' Donuts replaced Snapple as sponsor of the show after three seasons. Four guest judges were invited to judge during the judge's cuts round: actor Neil Patrick Harris, singer Michael Bublé, actor Marlon Wayans and former judge Piers Morgan. This was the first season to have an all-male finale and the first where at least four magicians competed in the finals. Ventriloquist Paul Zerdin was voted the winner for the season on September 16, 2015. Comedian Drew Lynch was the runner-up, and magician Oz Pearlman came in at third", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 10)" }, { "id": "7633693", "text": "winner of the season, the first magic act to win the competition. Singer Emily West was the runner-up. Season ten premiered on May 26, 2015. Producer auditions began on November 2, 2014, in Tampa. Other audition sites included Nashville, Richmond (Virginia), New York, Chicago, St. Louis, San Antonio, Albuquerque, San Francisco, Seattle, Boise, Las Vegas, and Los Angeles. Online submissions were also accepted. Howard Stern rumored on his radio show on October 1, 2014, that he might not return, but announced on December 8 that he would return for the upcoming season. Nick Cannon returned for his seventh season as", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "7633705", "text": "Franco, Emily West, Quintavious Johnson, AcroArmy, Emil and Dariel, Miguel Dakota, and Sons of Serendip. In 2015, no tour was held. Instead, three shows were given at the Planet Hollywood Resort in Las Vegas featuring winner Paul Zerdin, runner-up Drew Lynch, and fan favorite Piff the Magic Dragon. In 2016, four shows were given at the Planet Hollywood Resort in Las Vegas. They featured the top two finalists for season 11, Grace VanderWaal and The Clairvoyants, as well as finalist Tape Face. In 2017, four shows were given at the Planet Hollywood Resort in Las Vegas. They featured winner Darci", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "18644183", "text": "Nick Fradiani Nicholas James Fradiani IV (born November 15, 1985) is an American singer from Guilford, Connecticut. He rose to regional attention as the lead singer of pop/rock band Beach Avenue when they won the Battle of the Bands at Mohegan Sun in 2011. They gained national recognition in 2014 when they competed on the ninth season of the reality talent show \"America's Got Talent\", although they only made it to \"Judgment Week\". In 2015, Fradiani entered as a solo singer on the fourteenth season of \"American Idol\". Fradiani won the show in May 2015, becoming the first winner from", "title": "Nick Fradiani" }, { "id": "16769815", "text": "Other guests included YouTube stars Sam and Nia, Kat Williams and Dennis Reed and GAP which were finalists on America's Got Talent. The 2015 convention and awards were held on November 14, 2015 and hosted by American Idol, Bucky Covington. The show took place at the AG Convention Center in Monroe, NC and was sponsored by the City of Monroe. Participants for the 2015 show include, Dee Dee Sharp, Martha Reeves and the Vandellas, Billy Paul, Melanie Safka, Melba Moore, Christy Sutherland, Kat Williams, David L Cook and Mike Manuel. NC Secretary of State, Elaine Marshall was also in attendance.", "title": "Artists Music Guild" }, { "id": "1580808", "text": "winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released \"Beautiful Life\" as his coronation single while Beckham released \"Champion\". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called \"Forcefield\". Fox announced on May 11, 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of \"American Idol\"; as such, the season was expected to have an additional focus on the program's alumni. Ryan Seacrest returned as host, with Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez all returning as judges. The season was shortened by four weeks compared to previous years. During the finale episode, President", "title": "American Idol" }, { "id": "18270379", "text": "ventriloquist comedian Paul Zerdin on the July 28 episode. Japanese light-and-sound dance troupe Siro-A became the last Golden Buzzer act of the season when former judge Piers Morgan used the Golden Buzzer on them. Freckled Sky was eliminated in the quarterfinals after losing the Judges' Choice to the rock band 3 Shades of Blue. Arielle Baril, Sharon Irving and Siro-A were all eliminated in the semifinals. The Judge Cuts round began on Tuesday, July 14, 2015. This round replaces the \"Vegas Week\" or \"Judgment Week\" rounds that were used in previous seasons. As noted above one guest judge joined the", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 10)" }, { "id": "10729847", "text": "\"Ain't No Sunshine\". In 2013, he voiced a character on the Disney Channel show Mickey Mouse. On May 30, 2013, Fator celebrated his 1,000th show at The Mirage Hotel & Casino. On September 11, 2013, Fator returned to perform as a guest on \"America's Got Talent\" during the Top 12 results show. On September 16, 2015, Fator made a guest appearance on \"America's Got Talent\" during the finals show, performing alongside eventual tenth-season winner and ventriloquist Paul Zerdin. On September 20, 2017, Fator made another guest appearance during the twelfth-season finale, performing alongside eventual winner Darci Lynne Farmer, another singing", "title": "Terry Fator" }, { "id": "18781286", "text": "Beckham, Bo Bice, Kelly Clarkson, David Cook, Bucky Covington, Chris Daughtry, Diana DeGarmo, Lee DeWyze, Colton Dixon, Melinda Doolittle, James Durbin, Nick Fradiani, Candice Glover, Danny Gokey, Mikalah Gordon, Tamyra Gray, Justin Guarini, Kree Harrison, Taylor Hicks, Amber Holcomb, Jennifer Hudson, George Huff, Allison Iraheta, Casey James, Caleb Johnson, Skylar Laine, Joshua Ledet, Blake Lewis, Kimberley Locke, LaToya London, Sanjaya Malakar, Constantine Maroulis, Scotty McCreery, Katharine McPhee, Phillip Phillips, Kellie Pickler, Brandon Rogers, Jessica Sanchez, Carly Smithson, Jordin Sparks, Ruben Studdard, Pia Toscano, Jasmine Trias, Carrie Underwood, Elliott Yamin, and Ace Young. Live + same day ratings Season 15 premiered", "title": "American Idol (season 15)" }, { "id": "18270371", "text": "America's Got Talent (season 10) Season Ten of the reality competition television series \"America's Got Talent\" was the 10th annual installment of the series and premiered on May 26, 2015. It concluded on September 16, 2015. Nick Cannon returned as host for his seventh season. Howie Mandel returned for his sixth season as a judge, and Howard Stern returned for his fourth and final season. Mel B and Heidi Klum both returned for their third seasons on the judging panel. On July 29, the show aired a special two-hour tenth anniversary retrospective episode. The series returned to Radio City Music", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 10)" }, { "id": "9354857", "text": "Spot\" tents, owing to the show's sponsorship deal with the supermarket chain at the time. The series was won by boy band Collabro, with opera singer Lucy Kay coming in second, and rapper duo Bars & Melody placing third. The ninth series was aired during 2015, between 11 April to 31 May. This series saw the \"Wildcard\" feature updated; along with the judges being able to put forth an eliminated act from the semi-finals into the final (referred to as the Judges' Wildcard), the show now also allowed the public to vote between the three most popular eliminated acts, with", "title": "Britain's Got Talent" }, { "id": "1064039", "text": "following as the public taste for live comedy grows. In 2007, Zillah & Totte won the first season of Sweden's Got Talent and became one of Sweden's most popular family/children entertainers. A feature-length documentary about ventriloquism, \"I'm No Dummy\", was released in 2010. Two different ventriloquists won seasons 10 and 12 of \"America's Got Talent\". Respectively, they were Paul Zerdin on September 16, 2015, and Darci Lynne Farmer on September 20, 2017. One difficulty ventriloquists face is that all the sounds that they make must be made with lips slightly separated. For the labial sounds \"f\", \"v\", \"b\", \"p\", and", "title": "Ventriloquism" }, { "id": "1580806", "text": "the show. This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night. Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season, with Jena Irene as the runner-up. Johnson released \"As Long as You Love Me\" as his coronation single while Irene released \"We Are One\". The fourteenth season premiered on January 7, 2015. Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry", "title": "American Idol" }, { "id": "18965286", "text": "the 2016 Summer Olympics broadcast schedule on NBC, the show took a hiatus from August 9–17. Dunkin' Donuts sponsored the show for a second season, and this season again featured the golden buzzer for each judge and Cannon. Four guest judges joined the panel for the judge's cuts: George Lopez, Reba McEntire, Ne-Yo, and Louis Tomlinson. Each judge was given a golden buzzer. Grace VanderWaal was announced as the winner on September 14, 2016, making her the second female act and the second child act to win the show since season 1. Mentalist duo, The Clairvoyants, placed second, marking the", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 11)" }, { "id": "19416260", "text": "Oz Pearlman Oz Pearlman is an Israeli mentalist, speaker, magician, and athlete best known for his third place finish on \"America's Got Talent\", Season 10 (2015). He was a guest on \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" on April 15, 2010. He also made guest appearances on \"NBC Today Show\" on August 23, 2015, and three times in 2016. On January 26, 2017 he appeared on NBC Today Show again and appeared to predict the American Super Bowl result. Oz aired on \"The Meredith Vieira Show\" on December 1, 2015 and February 8, 2016. He was a guest on CNBC \"Squawk", "title": "Oz Pearlman" }, { "id": "18705261", "text": "2015 Billboard Music Awards The 2015 \"Billboard\" Music Awards ceremony was held on May 17, 2015, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. It was aired live on ABC. The show was hosted by Ludacris and Chrissy Teigen. Taylor Swift won 8 out of her 14 nominations, including Top Artist, Top Female Artist and Top Billboard 200 Album for \"1989\". Other winners included Sam Smith, Iggy Azalea and Pharrell Williams scoring three trophies each. Meghan Trainor, One Direction, Jason Aldean, John Legend, Enrique Iglesias and Hozier won two categories. Swift premiered her \"Bad Blood\" music video at the", "title": "2015 Billboard Music Awards" }, { "id": "18894288", "text": "June 20, 2015, when she received her crown from outgoing Miss Tennessee titleholder Hayley Lewis. She earned more than $18,000 in scholarship money and prizes from the state pageant. As Miss Tennessee, her activities include public appearances across the state of Tennessee. Robison was Tennessee's representative at the Miss America 2016 pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in September 2015. Robison was the \"America's Choice\" winner in online voting and advanced automatically to the Top 15 semi-finalists. In the televised finale on September 13, 2015, she performed a piano solo of Liberace's arrangement \"El Cumbanchero\" during the talent portion of", "title": "Hannah Robison" }, { "id": "18644188", "text": "played another of their original songs titled \"Feel the Beat\" before elimination from the competition. \"Coming Your Way\" remained in the Top 200 for over two weeks, selling more than 10,000 copies. Fradiani auditioned in New York City and his golden ticket song was Peter Gabriel's \"In Your Eyes\". During Hollywood Week, he sang \"Babylon\" by David Gray. He sang Train's \"Drops of Jupiter\" during the House of Blues Showcase, earning his spot in the Top 24. He was announced as the winner on May 13, 2015, with Clark Beckham finishing as runner-up. Fradiani's winning song was \"Beautiful Life\", recorded", "title": "Nick Fradiani" }, { "id": "19339006", "text": "the title track for his debut album, released on May 18, 2018. Trent Harmon Trenton William Harmon (born October 8, 1990) is an American country music singer who gained national attention for winning the fifteenth and final season of the original run of \"American Idol\" on Fox on April 7, 2016. Harmon was born in Amory, Mississippi, the son of Cindy and Randy Harmon and second cousin of actor Richard Harmon. He started in music when his mother taught him to sing \"Amazing Grace\" when he was the age of 5, and he grew up singing in church. His family", "title": "Trent Harmon" }, { "id": "19338877", "text": "Dalton Rapattoni Dalton Louis Rapattoni (born February 6, 1996) is an American singer from Dallas, Texas. In 2015, he auditioned for the fifteenth season of \"American Idol\". On April 6, 2016, he finished the show in third place, behind La'Porsha Renae and Trent Harmon. Rapattoni was born in Memphis, Tennessee on February 6, 1996, to Kiva Jackson Rapattoni and Fran Rapattoni. When he was two years old, the family moved to Sunnyvale, Texas, where he was raised. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder at the age of 9. After medications used to treat his condition caused seizures, he was withdrawn", "title": "Dalton Rapattoni" }, { "id": "18938336", "text": "title. Jackson's competition talent was a jazz vocal performance. Her platform is \"Community Through Mentorship: Investing in Our Future\". Jackson won the competition on Saturday, July 4, 2015, when she received her crown from outgoing Miss Washington titleholder Kailee Dunn. She earned more than $10,000 in scholarship money and other prizes from the state pageant. As Miss Washington, her activities include public appearances across the state of Washington. Jackson was Washington's representative at the Miss America 2016 pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in September 2015. In the televised finale on September 13, 2015, she placed outside the Top 15", "title": "Lizzi Jackson" }, { "id": "18965285", "text": "America's Got Talent (season 11) Season eleven of the reality competition series \"America's Got Talent\" was ordered on September 1, 2015. The season premiered on NBC on Tuesday, May 31, 2016. Nick Cannon returned for his eighth and final season as host. Howie Mandel returned for his seventh season as a judge, while Mel B and Heidi Klum returned for their fourth season. Simon Cowell replaced Howard Stern as the fourth judge. The live shows began on July 26, at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles instead of Radio City Music Hall in New York from previous years. Due to", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 11)" }, { "id": "19338999", "text": "Trent Harmon Trenton William Harmon (born October 8, 1990) is an American country music singer who gained national attention for winning the fifteenth and final season of the original run of \"American Idol\" on Fox on April 7, 2016. Harmon was born in Amory, Mississippi, the son of Cindy and Randy Harmon and second cousin of actor Richard Harmon. He started in music when his mother taught him to sing \"Amazing Grace\" when he was the age of 5, and he grew up singing in church. His family owns a farm and a yard-to-table restaurant, Longhorn, where he was a", "title": "Trent Harmon" }, { "id": "19847130", "text": "Perfectly Imperfect (EP) Perfectly Imperfect is the debut EP by American recording artist Grace VanderWaal, the winner of \"America's Got Talent\" (\"AGT\"), season 11. Released on December 2, 2016, it includes all four songs that VanderWaal wrote and performed on \"AGT\" and another original song by VanderWaal, \"Gossip Girl\". Produced by Greg Wells, the EP debuted on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart at No. 9. It was the best selling EP of 2016. VanderWaal, who was then 12 years old, signed a recording deal with Columbia Records in September 2016, soon after winning \"AGT\", and started production of her debut", "title": "Perfectly Imperfect (EP)" }, { "id": "18818913", "text": "Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse are a British dog dancing act, comprising trainer Jules O'Dwyer, a 48-year-old woman, and her dog Matisse, a male Border Collie. Together they won the ninth series of \"Britain's Got Talent\" in 2015. Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse participated in the ninth series of \"Britain's Got Talent\". For their audition in episode 7, O'Dwyer took the role of a dog catcher with Matisse portraying a stray dog. In addition to telling a story, Matisse performed a variety of canine freestyle tricks. The routine earned them four yes votes from the judges. On 23", "title": "Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse" }, { "id": "11444700", "text": "crowds outside the house, however despite facing three eviction votes, she survived them all to make a surprise appearance in the final. She speaks fluent Italian. Emilia was announced as the runner-up, on Day 26, with 46.1% of the votes. In 2015, Emilia and her other brother, Billy, appeared on Britain's Got Talent. In 2017, Emilia and Billy appeared on the 12th season of America's Got Talent. Jade Keiley Eden (born 28 November 1986) is a professional beauty queen. Jade has won numerous beauty pageant awards including Miss Essex 2006, Miss Winchester 2007 and came third in Miss England behind", "title": "Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack" }, { "id": "18818917", "text": "and Matisse are the second dog act to win \"Britain's Got Talent\". The previous one was Ashleigh & Pudsey who won in 2012. They currently live in Tongeren, Belgium. Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse are a British dog dancing act, comprising trainer Jules O'Dwyer, a 48-year-old woman, and her dog Matisse, a male Border Collie. Together they won the ninth series of \"Britain's Got Talent\" in 2015. Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse participated in the ninth series of \"Britain's Got Talent\". For their audition in episode 7, O'Dwyer took the role of a dog catcher with Matisse portraying", "title": "Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse" }, { "id": "18781283", "text": "group on February 17. On the following day each week, pre-taped performances of each contestant performing a duet with a past \"Idol\" contender will air, as will the judges selection of seven contestants from each group to advance to the Top 14. The past contestants for group one were season 2 winner Ruben Studdard, season 3 winner Fantasia Barrino, season 10 winner Scotty McCreery, season 10 runner-up Lauren Alaina, season 13 winner Caleb Johnson, and last season's winner Nick Fradiani. The past contestants for group two were season 4 finalist Constantine Maroulis, season 5 finalists Chris Daughtry and Kellie Pickler,", "title": "American Idol (season 15)" }, { "id": "18781279", "text": "American Idol (season 15) The fifteenth season of \"American Idol\", also branded as American Idol: The Farewell Season, premiered on the Fox television network on January 6, 2016. Ryan Seacrest continued as the show's host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban, and Harry Connick, Jr. returned as judges. Scott Borchetta also returned as the in-house mentor. This season was four to six weeks shorter than seasons 2 through 14. On April 7, Trent Harmon was announced as the season's winner and La'Porsha Renae was the runner-up. Harmon was the third consecutive winner to never be in the bottom two or three,", "title": "American Idol (season 15)" }, { "id": "4486890", "text": "then flown to Los Angeles to compete in front of a panel of celebrity judges. The winner gets a demo deal with Darkchild Productions. Jerkins has been married to singer Joy Enriquez since April 4, 2004, and they have four children: In 2015, his daughter Heavenly Joy was a contestant on season 10 of \"America's Got Talent\". Jerkins is currently starring with Johnny Wright in a number of episodes of the YOBI.tv \"Take the Stage\" web series. Rodney Jerkins Rodney Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), also known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter.", "title": "Rodney Jerkins" }, { "id": "19338905", "text": "La'Porsha Renae La'Porsha Renae Mays (born July 28, 1993), known professionally as La'Porsha Renae, is an American singer-songwriter from McComb, Mississippi. In 2015, she auditioned for the fifteenth and final season of \"American Idol\". On April 7, 2016, she finished as runner-up on the show, behind winner Trent Harmon. In March 2017, Renae released her debut album \"Already All Ready\". La' Porsha Renae Mays was born on July 28, 1993 in McComb, Mississippi. At age 16, Renae tried out for the tenth season \"American Idol\". After her college graduation at the age of 22, Renae was a victim of domestic", "title": "La'Porsha Renae" }, { "id": "18644197", "text": "and fall of 2017. Nick Fradiani Nicholas James Fradiani IV (born November 15, 1985) is an American singer from Guilford, Connecticut. He rose to regional attention as the lead singer of pop/rock band Beach Avenue when they won the Battle of the Bands at Mohegan Sun in 2011. They gained national recognition in 2014 when they competed on the ninth season of the reality talent show \"America's Got Talent\", although they only made it to \"Judgment Week\". In 2015, Fradiani entered as a solo singer on the fourteenth season of \"American Idol\". Fradiani won the show in May 2015, becoming", "title": "Nick Fradiani" }, { "id": "20228539", "text": "Brynn Rumfallo Brynn Aran Ashlee Rumfallo (born July 1, 2003) is an American reality televison show cast member. She rose to fame in 2013 as a contestant on the 8th Season of \"America's Got Talent\". She later garnered attention for her contemporary dance styles and winning national and regional competitions. In 2015, she first appeared on the Lifetime reality series, \"Dance Moms\" and became a permanent cast member in 2016, before leaving in 2017 after appearing in three seasons. She has begun a career in modelling for brands including 'Abby Lee Apparel', 'Miss Behaved Girls', 'MissFit', 'California Kisses Dancewear' and", "title": "Brynn Rumfallo" }, { "id": "19822157", "text": "and he received enough votes to be sent into the finals. For his final performance, Crum sang Michael Jackson's \"Man in the Mirror\". At the end of the broadcast, Crum placed fourth in the competition overall, with VanderWaal declared as the winner. Following his time on \"America's Got Talent\", Crum released a cover of Robyn's \"Show Me Love\" on December 10, 2016 through Prop D Recordings. The song reached the top ten on \"Billboard's\" Dance Club Songs chart, and peaked at #33 on the magazine's Dance/Electronic Songs chart. He also made an appearance on \"America's Got Talent's\" Christmas special alongside", "title": "Brian Justin Crum" }, { "id": "18949181", "text": "talent was a jazz dance performance to Jennifer Hudson's cover of \"Feeling Good\". Her platform is \"For the Common Good: Promoting Proactive Healthcare\". Fuller won the competition on Sunday, June 28, 2015, when she received her crown from outgoing Miss Massachusetts titleholder Lauren Kuhn. She earned more than $11,250 in scholarship money and other prizes from the state pageant. As Miss Massachusetts, her activities include public appearances across the state of Massachusetts. Fuller was Massachusetts's representative at the Miss America 2016 pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in September 2015. In the televised finale on September 13, 2015, she placed", "title": "Meagan Fuller" }, { "id": "19339003", "text": "as a solo. During \"Idol Grammy Hits\" week Harmon was coached to bring his \"strange faces he makes when he sings\" under control. Judge Harry Connick Jr. noted Harmon also lost an \"exaggerated jaw vibrato\" that would eventually cause him to lose his singing voice. Harmon won the fifteenth season of \"American Idol\" on April 7, 2016. His winning coronation single \"Falling\" was written by singer songwriter and \"American Idol\" judge Keith Urban with Dallas Davidson and Brett James. For winning the title, Harmon received a Ford car and a recording contract with Big Machine Records. La'Porsha Renae was named", "title": "Trent Harmon" }, { "id": "7633687", "text": "current season, in response to allegations that her son Jack Osbourne was discriminated against by the producers of the upcoming NBC program \"Stars Earn Stripes\". On September 13, Olate Dogs were announced the winner of the season, becoming the show's first completely non-singing act to win the competition and also the first non-solo act to win. Comedian Tom Cotter finished as the runner-up. Season eight of \"AGT\" premiered on Tuesday, June 4, 2013. The new season was announced in a promotional video shown during a commercial break for season seven's second live show. Sharon Osbourne initially stated that she would", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "19847139", "text": "47,000 in physical form. It was the best selling EP of 2016. Perfectly Imperfect (EP) Perfectly Imperfect is the debut EP by American recording artist Grace VanderWaal, the winner of \"America's Got Talent\" (\"AGT\"), season 11. Released on December 2, 2016, it includes all four songs that VanderWaal wrote and performed on \"AGT\" and another original song by VanderWaal, \"Gossip Girl\". Produced by Greg Wells, the EP debuted on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart at No. 9. It was the best selling EP of 2016. VanderWaal, who was then 12 years old, signed a recording deal with Columbia Records in", "title": "Perfectly Imperfect (EP)" }, { "id": "13752185", "text": "Boyé released an original Christmas song and YouTube video entitled \"Newborn – Wise Men Still Seek Him\". In January 2015, Boyé released an Africanised version of \"Circle of Life\", with proceeds from the sale going to the koinsforkenya mission. In 2015, Boyé was awarded the Governor's Mansion Artist Award. In June 2015, Boyé and his band, Changing Lanes Experience, performed their version of Taylor Swift's \"Shake It Off\" on the 10th season of \"America's Got Talent\". After receiving great comments from the judges, they advanced into the next round to perform on Judge Cuts Week. In August 2015, he and", "title": "Alex Boyé" }, { "id": "7633690", "text": "Antonio. On September 18, 2013, martial arts dancer/mime Kenichi Ebina was announced the winner of the season, the first dance act to win the competition. Stand-up comedian Taylor Williamson was the runner-up. Season nine premiered on Tuesday, May 27, 2014, at 8 pm ET. The producers' auditions began on October 26, 2013, in Miami. Other audition sites included Atlanta, Baltimore, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, and New York. Contestants could also submit a video of their audition online. Auditions in front of the judges were held February 20–22 at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark, which also hosted", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "19416268", "text": "in Las Vegas. The DVD sold over 100,000 copies. The ratings were among the highest in the history of the magic supplier selling the DVDs. Oz Pearlman Oz Pearlman is an Israeli mentalist, speaker, magician, and athlete best known for his third place finish on \"America's Got Talent\", Season 10 (2015). He was a guest on \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" on April 15, 2010. He also made guest appearances on \"NBC Today Show\" on August 23, 2015, and three times in 2016. On January 26, 2017 he appeared on NBC Today Show again and appeared to predict the American", "title": "Oz Pearlman" }, { "id": "19338884", "text": "\"Signs\" and \"Heaven\" off the album. Dalton Rapattoni Dalton Louis Rapattoni (born February 6, 1996) is an American singer from Dallas, Texas. In 2015, he auditioned for the fifteenth season of \"American Idol\". On April 6, 2016, he finished the show in third place, behind La'Porsha Renae and Trent Harmon. Rapattoni was born in Memphis, Tennessee on February 6, 1996, to Kiva Jackson Rapattoni and Fran Rapattoni. When he was two years old, the family moved to Sunnyvale, Texas, where he was raised. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder at the age of 9. After medications used to treat his", "title": "Dalton Rapattoni" }, { "id": "18737291", "text": "and Founder, Excel Sports Management); Jill Smoller (SVP, William Morris Endeavor); Leah Wilcox (VP, Talent Relations, NBA); Alan Zucker (SVP, IMG Clients Group); Michael Phelps (most decorated Olympian of all time); Tony Hawk (professional skateboarder) and Zane Stoddard (VP, Entertainment Marketing and Content Development, NASCAR). Former New York Yankees shortstop * Derek Jeter was the recipient of the Legend Award. The award itself is similar to the signature orange blimp the other winners receive, with the difference being that this award is painted a golden color, then got hit with a metallic gold sliming, from a larger version of the", "title": "2015 Kids' Choice Sports Awards" }, { "id": "20495441", "text": "The Sacred Riana Marie Antoinette Riana Graharani, commonly known as The Sacred Riana, is an Indonesian magician and illusionist. She is best known as a bizarre illusionist, who does occasionally break her creepy ghostlike character offstage, but normally does not. In 2017, Riana joined the second season of \"Asia's Got Talent\" where she was declared the winner after beating the Filipino hip-hop dance group DM-X Comvaleñoz based on the audience votes in the grand final. There have been over 70 million views on Facebook and YouTube of her magic performances onstage. In 2018, she appeared on season 13 of \"America's", "title": "The Sacred Riana" }, { "id": "18626663", "text": "Miss World America 2015 Miss World America 2015 was the 1st edition of the Miss World America pageant held on July 3, 2015 at the Auditorium of the University of the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C.. Elizabeth Safrit of North Carolina, who was also Miss United States 2014 and the 2nd runner-up in Miss World 2014, crowned her successor at the end of the event. All fifty states, the District of Columbia, and American Samoa competed for the crown. The winner was Victoria Mendoza from Arizona, and she represented the United States in Miss World 2015 pageant on December 19", "title": "Miss World America 2015" }, { "id": "18099951", "text": "the previous series ended, claiming that some of the judges would be leaving before the ninth series, these were later dismissed as being unfounded by ITV, on 16 January 2015. The ninth series was won by dog tricks duo Jules O'Dwyer & Matisse, with magician Jamie Raven finishing in second place and Welsh choir Côr Glanaethwy in third place. Following the series' broadcast, viewers complained about being misled by winner O'Dwyer's performance, after it was found that their act involved a second dog that had not been disclosed to the public or the judges. During its broadcast, the series averaged", "title": "Britain's Got Talent (series 9)" }, { "id": "12762629", "text": "release in 1988 and number 55 on re-release in 2013. In 2009 a remix of the song, \"Forever Young (Continued)\" was featured in a Pepsi commercial, with American rapper will.i.am rapping a verse. The advertisement ends with the slogan: \"Every generation refreshes the world\". In December 2015, Louisa Johnson, the winner of the twelfth series of \"The X Factor\", released a cover version of \"Forever Young\" as her winner's single. It was released on 13 December 2015, immediately after Johnson won. Johnson performed the song live on \"The X Factor\" final. She also performed it on Text Santa. Johnson's version", "title": "Forever Young (Bob Dylan song)" }, { "id": "9354859", "text": "with all three holding open auditions in late 2015 along with Cardiff, Glasgow, and Manchester. It was the last series to hold live episodes within The Fountain Studios, before its closure at the end of the year. The series was won by magician Richard Jones, with singer Wayne Woodward coming in second, and dance group Boogie Storm placing third. The eleventh series was aired during 2017, between 15 April to 3 June; the final was originally planned for 4 June, but this was moved forward to avoid it clashing with the One Love Manchester benefit concert that day. The series", "title": "Britain's Got Talent" }, { "id": "8669605", "text": "rendition of the song standard \"Memory\" and garnered a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical. She was set to reprise Grizabella in the Broadway revival of \"Cats\" but a week before rehearsals she quit after producers refused to give her top billing. On June 30, 2015, Scherzinger was crowned as the winner of the variety show \"I Can Do That\" where six celebrities compete with each other by performing skills that they never knew they had. In July she performed the American national anthem at the A Capitol Fourth concert in Washington,", "title": "Nicole Scherzinger" }, { "id": "20281910", "text": "won a Canadian Comedy Award for Best Breakout Artist in 2015. He appeared on \"America's Got Talent\" in 2016, advancing to the Judge Cuts round but not making it to the live shows. In 2017 he appeared on \"Conan\", and undertook a comedy tour of university and college campuses across the United States sponsored by hearing aid manufacturer Phonak. He has also appeared on episodes of the CBC Radio comedy series \"The Debaters\". He received a Juno Award nomination for Comedy Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2018, for his comedy album \"[Indistinct Chatter]\". D.J. Demers D.J.", "title": "D.J. Demers" }, { "id": "10989854", "text": "of the show, \"Česko Slovensko má talent\", where he progressed to the final. In October 2013, Starr appeared on series 4 of the Italian version of the show where he progressed to the semi-finals. In January 2015, he appeared on series 9 of the French version of the show where progressed to the final. He finished in 4th place. In June 2015, He appeared as a season 10 contestant on NBC's \"America's Got Talent\" and reached the final round, finishing in fourth place. [Official website http://www.steviestarrregurgitator.com] Stevie Starr Stevie Starr (also known as \"the Professional Regurgitator\") is a Scottish performance", "title": "Stevie Starr" }, { "id": "19733838", "text": "of the show was the same as in season eleven, and Dunkin Donuts sponsors the show for a third consecutive season. A guest judge joined the panel for each episode of the Judge Cuts round: Chris Hardwick, DJ Khaled, Laverne Cox and Seal. Darci Lynne Farmer was named the winner on the season finale, September 20, 2017. She was the third ventriloquist, third child and third female to win a season of \"America's Got Talent\". 10-year-old singer Angelica Hale placed second, and glow light dance troupe Light Balance came in third. Farmer won the show's prize of $1 million and", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 12)" }, { "id": "16987226", "text": "in the audience included Michelle Rodriguez and Vin Diesel from \"Fast & Furious 6\". The Top 8 performed on Monday, May 27, 2013, and received the results on Tuesday, May 28. A special look at the upcoming season of \"America's Got Talent\" was shown during air time of the results show. Danielle Bradbery only reached the iTunes top 10 after the close of voting, thus missing out on this week's iTunes bonus. The elimination of Sarah Simmons and Judith Hill was considered one of the most surprising in the history of the show. Both were considered frontrunners in the competition", "title": "The Voice (U.S. season 4)" }, { "id": "16655156", "text": "shows from Radio City Music Hall in New York, after moving from the New Jersey Performing Arts Center last year. The 2013 winner was Kenichi Ebina, the first mime and the first foreign act to win the competition. The runner-up was comedian Taylor Williamson and singer/guitarist Jimmy Rose announced in third place. Sharon Osbourne initially stated that she would not return for season eight, but later said that she was staying with the show \"for now.\" Osbourne confirmed that she would be leaving the show after a feud with NBC on August 6, 2012. Following her departure, Osbourne returned to", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 8)" }, { "id": "7633700", "text": "his Showtime comedy special \"Stand Up, Don't Shoot\". NBC selected Tyra Banks as the new host for season 12, which premiered on Tuesday, May 30, 2017. On September 20, Darci Lynne Farmer won the twelfth season, becoming the third ventriloquist, third child act and the third female act to win the competition (second year in a row after VanderWaal's win in 2016). Child singer Angelica Hale was announced as the runner-up, and Ukrainian dance act Light Balance finished in third place. Deaf musician Mandy Harvey and dog act Sara & Hero rounded out the top five. On February 21, 2018,", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "20344071", "text": "\"Moonlight\", which has accumulated more than 35 million views on YouTube. Her television promotions of the album began on August 15, with a return to \"America's Got Talent\" as a guest performer singing \"Moonlight\". She won the competition in 2016. On August 11, she released a second single from the album, \"Sick of Being Told\". On September 4, VanderWaal performed \"Moonlight\" on \"Live with Kelly and Ryan\". She released a third single from the album, \"So Much More Than This\", on September 14. VanderWaal performed \"Moonlight\" on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on September 18, 2017. She released a promotional single", "title": "Just the Beginning (Grace VanderWaal album)" }, { "id": "10793598", "text": "other producers on a slew of major label projects slated for release over the next several months. Artists she has recently worked with include Kylie Minogue, Alexandra Burke, Kelis, Leona Lewis, The Saturdays, Estelle, Cher Lloyd. Autumn recently co-wrote the Billboard US top 20 pop single \"Hello\" with duo Karmin, longtime collaborators Stargate and Claude Kelly for Sony Music. In addition she was a featured vocal coach on Fox's \"The X Factor USA\", Season 2, working alongside Simon Cowell, LA Reid, Britney Spears and Demi Lovato, as well as America's Got Talent where she coached the 2016 winner, Grace VanderWaal.", "title": "Autumn Rowe" }, { "id": "20126652", "text": "appearance on the 2017 season finale of \"America's Got Talent\", Twain performed the song along with \"You're Still the One\"with 4th runner up \"Mandy Harvey\". The song premiered on June 15, 2017, on BBC Radio 2 and was released to streaming and music purchasing platforms. A music video for the song got recorded in the Dominican Republic in June 2017. The music video, directed by Matthew Cullen, was released on July 26, 2017. It shows Twain ending up in a tropical resort after reminiscing about her past. The music video contains references to iconic fashion statements set by Twain such", "title": "Life's About to Get Good" }, { "id": "18965297", "text": "WIB. But, since Monday, October 31, in addition to the weekend slot, the show has also been broadcast every Monday to Friday at 5.00 PM WIB as the replacement of the currently concluded TV drama, the second season of \"\", which was concluded on Friday, October 28, 2016. America's Got Talent (season 11) Season eleven of the reality competition series \"America's Got Talent\" was ordered on September 1, 2015. The season premiered on NBC on Tuesday, May 31, 2016. Nick Cannon returned for his eighth and final season as host. Howie Mandel returned for his seventh season as a judge,", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 11)" }, { "id": "20360811", "text": "year, then performed for the first time at age 17. He won the 2015 Funniest Comedian In Florida and the 2016 Seattle International Comedy Competition. After LeBron James decided to join the Los Angeles Lakers, Lawson stated on his Twitter that he had always been a Lakers fan and then he used the hashtag Bandwagon. Lawson appeared on season 12 of America's Got Talent in 2017 and made it through successive elimination rounds, reaching the season finals, where he was one of the final 10. He also appeared in that year's \"America's Got Talent Live!\" show in Las Vegas that", "title": "Preacher Lawson" }, { "id": "8157431", "text": "received the lowest number of votes. The five finalists that received the most votes were The Millers, Taylor Ware, Bianca Ryan, Celtic Spring and All That. Regis asked All That and The Millers to step forward, and announced that they did not win the grand prize but were both runners-up, and were ranked in either 2nd or 3rd place. These acts each won a 2007 Dodge Caliber RT. The remaining three acts in the top 5 were Taylor Ware, Bianca Ryan and Celtic Spring. Philbin announced that Ryan won the grand prize. On the Finals Results Show (August 17), acrobat", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 1)" }, { "id": "7633704", "text": "tour returned, featuring winners Olate Dogs, Spencer Horsman, Joe Castillo, Lightwire Theater, David Garibaldi and his CMYK's, Jarrett and Raja, Tom Cotter, and other fan favorites. In 2013, after the success of the 2012 tour, another tour was scheduled, featuring season eight's winner, Kenichi Ebina, and finalists Collins Key, Jimmy Rose, Taylor Williamson, Cami Bradley, The KriStef Brothers, and Tone the Chiefrocca. Tone hosted the tour. In 2014, \"America's Got Talent Live\" announced that performances in Las Vegas on September 26 and 27 would feature Taylor Williamson, the season eight (2013) runner-up, and the top finalists for season nine: Mat", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "18653195", "text": "Loren Smith. It was mixed by Ryan Greene and Eric Racy and mastered by Chris Gehringer at Sterling Sound, New York. Josh is also on tour with label mates Naima Mora (America's Next Top Model Winner) and Loren Smith. Each of which he has produced and wrote their latest singles. Naima Mora's \"Hour Glass' late March 2015, has the official remix by 102.7 Kiss FM's own Dj Triple XL. Loren Smith's \"Break Free\" released September 2014 and debuted on NBC's Today Show to a 5 million audience. Josh Stevens Josh Stevens (born November 21, 1983) is an American singer, record", "title": "Josh Stevens" }, { "id": "17629957", "text": "video with the most posts in each category was the winner. Artist of the Year was won by Eminem and Video of the Year was won by Girls' Generation for their video \"I Got a Boy\". The 2013 edition was directed by Spike Jonze. The show was mostly unscripted because Jonze wanted the show to \"..feel like a YouTube video — the raw messiness of making stuff...\" The winners of the 2015 edition of the award show were announced on March 2, 2015. 50 winners were chosen based on the \"growth in views, subscribers and engagement over the last six", "title": "YouTube Music Awards" }, { "id": "7633684", "text": "The show held televised auditions in Los Angeles, New York, Minneapolis, Atlanta, Seattle, and Houston. Non-televised producers' auditions were also held in Denver and Chicago. Previews of auditions were shown during NBC's \"The Voice\" premiere on April 26. Online auditions via YouTube were also held for the second time in the show's run, beginning on May 4. Finalists for this audition circuit competed live on August 9. On Wednesday, September 14, Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr., a Frank Sinatra-style singer, was named the winner. Dance group Silhouettes was runner-up. Season seven premiered on May 14, 2012. The first round of auditions,", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "7633677", "text": "Springer would succeed him as host, with Sharon Osbourne (formerly a judge on Cowell's UK show \"The X Factor\") succeeding Brandy Norwood as a judge. The season finale was shown Tuesday, August 21, with the winner being Terry Fator, a singing impressionist ventriloquist. The runner-up was singer Cas Haley. Season three premiered on June 17, 2008. Auditions took place in Charlotte, Nashville, Orlando, New York, Dallas, Los Angeles, Atlanta, and Chicago from January to April. A televised MySpace audition also took place. Season three differed from the previous two in many ways. Auditions were held in well-known theaters across the", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "20497375", "text": "to promote his album \"Tattoos\". From 2015 to 2016, Lightning was the guitarist for Rachel Platten, performing at festivals and on various national television and radio specials and programs. She performed alongside Platten to promote the single \"Fight Song\" (which charted at #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart), live on \"Good Morning America\", the \"Today\" Show, \"Live with Kelly and Michael\", VH1, the 2015 Teen Choice Awards, Nickelodeon and on the 2016 finale of \"America's Got Talent\", which took place at New York City's Radio City Music Hall. In 2017, Lightning replaced Gina Stile in the all-female American rock", "title": "Britt Lightning" }, { "id": "18704225", "text": "in the video. \"HollywoodLife\"'s Christopher Rogers called the video \"amazing\" and \"masterpiece\", also added that it has everything the audience would want in a music video released in the summer. Zach Frydenlund of \"Complex\" gave a negative review, saying the video \"doesn't actually look fun at all\". Pitbull and Chris Brown performed the song on the finale of the singing competition series \"American Idol\" on May 13, 2015. That season's \"American Idol\" eighth-place finisher Qaasim Middleton also joined them on the stage for the final verse. On May 17, Pitbull and Brown performed \"Fun\" at the 2015 \"Billboard\" Music Awards.", "title": "Fun (Pitbull song)" }, { "id": "7633698", "text": "Stern as a judge for season 11. Mel B, Heidi Klum and Howie Mandel all returned as judges, with Nick Cannon returning as host. The live shows moved from New York back to Los Angeles, due to Stern's departure, at the Dolby Theatre. Auditions in front of the judges began on March 3, 2016 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. The season premiered on May 31, 2016. On September 14, 12-year-old singer-songwriter and ukulele player Grace VanderWaal was announced as the second female and second child to win \"America's Got Talent\" (Bianca Ryan, age 11, was first). Magician", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "16708130", "text": "which is led by former US Vice President Al Gore that helps raise awareness about the effects of climate change. In 2014, 5 Seconds of Summer won American Music Awards' New Artist of the Year, MTV Europe Music Award's Artist on the Rise and Best New Artist, MTV Video Music Award's Best Lyric Video for \"Don't Stop\", and ARIA Music Awards' Song of the Year for \"She Looks So Perfect\". In 2015, they won ARIA Music Awards' Best Australian Live Act, APRA Music Awards' Breakthrough Songwriter of the Year, MTV Europe Music Award's Best Australian Act, People's Choice Awards' Favorite", "title": "5 Seconds of Summer" }, { "id": "18734961", "text": "2015 Teen Choice Awards The 2015 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 16, 2015 at the Galen Center in Los Angeles. The awards celebrate the year's achievements in music, film, television, sports, fashion, comedy, video games, and the Internet, and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 20. One Direction were the biggest winners of the night, winning eight of their ten nominations. \"Pretty Little Liars\" came in second by winning six of its ten nominations and \"Pitch Perfect 2\" came in third, winning five of its ten nominations. Britney Spears was awarded with the \"Candie's Choice", "title": "2015 Teen Choice Awards" }, { "id": "18954669", "text": "American Music Awards of 2015 The 43rd Annual American Music Awards was held at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles, California on November 22, 2015. It was broadcast on ABC and hosted by Jennifer Lopez. With three awards, Taylor Swift was the big winner of the night. Jared Leto presented a eulogy mourning the November 2015 Paris attacks prior to presenting Celine Dion for her tributing performance. The show also marked Prince's last public award show appearance before his death in April 2016. The telecast garnered 10.98 million viewers in the United States. Source: Charlie Puth and Joe Jonas announced", "title": "American Music Awards of 2015" }, { "id": "10563535", "text": "eight champion, Shawn Johnson. They were runners-up to Melissa Rycroft and Tony Dovolani. On July 27, 2012, Hough announced that season 15 would be his last. A few months later, on February 22, 2013, Hough announced that he would be back for season 16, stating on his Twitter account, \"Wasn’t sure if I was able to do this season because of my other projects, but worked it out so I can do both. #pumped.\". He was partnered with country singer and former \"American Idol\" contestant, Kellie Pickler. On May 21, 2013, Pickler was crowned season 16 champion, marking the fourth", "title": "Derek Hough" }, { "id": "7633706", "text": "Lynne, runner-up Angelica Hale, third-placed Light Balance, and finalist Preacher Lawson. In 2018, three shows were given at the Paris Las Vegas in Las Vegas. They featured winner Shin Lim, 4th place Samuel J. Comroe, and three other finalists Courtney Hadwin, Vicki Barbolak, and Duo Transcend, as well as quarterfinalist Hans. NBC broadcast the two-hour \"America's Got Talent Holiday Spectacular\" on December 19, 2016, hosted by Cannon with performances by Grace VanderWaal, Jackie Evancho, Andra Day, Penn & Teller, Pentatonix, Terry Fator, Mat Franco, Piff the Magic Dragon, Olate Dogs, Professor Splash, Jon Dorenbos and others, and featuring the Season", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "18156709", "text": "Miss USA 2015 Miss USA 2015, the 64th Miss USA pageant, was held at the Raising Cane's River Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana on July 12, 2015. All fifty states and the District of Columbia competed. Nia Sanchez of Nevada crowned Olivia Jordan of Oklahoma at the end of the event. Olivia represented the United States in the Miss Universe 2015 competition and placed 2nd runner-up. In its broadcast through YouTube, the pageant managed to gather 1.45 million viewers, down from 5.5 million people that viewed the previous edition. The 2015 pageant was affected due to remarks made by Miss", "title": "Miss USA 2015" }, { "id": "4687393", "text": "the rapper Common to write the song \"Glory,\" featured in the film \"Selma\", which chronicled the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches. The song won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Legend and Common performed \"Glory\" at the 87th Academy Awards on February 22, 2015. Legend was featured on Meghan Trainor's \"Like I'm Gonna Lose You\" from her debut studio album, which reached number eight on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On February 1, 2015, he sang \"America the Beautiful\" in the opening ceremony of Super Bowl XLIX. He provided", "title": "John Legend" }, { "id": "17302856", "text": "one leaving the competition. iTunes multiplier bonuses were awarded to Sawyer Fredericks (position #2 and #3) and Meghan Linsey (position #5) based on the week's iTunes Top 200 singles chart at the close of the voting window. Special guests in the audience included Anna Kendrick, Brittany Snow and Hailee Steinfeld from \"Pitch Perfect 2\". With the elimination of India Carney, Christina Aguilera no longer has any remaining artists on her team. The Top 4 performed on Monday, May 18, 2015, with the final results following on Tuesday, May 19, 2015. This week, the four finalists performed an original song, a", "title": "The Voice (U.S. season 8)" }, { "id": "18281682", "text": "Kira Kazantsev Kira Kazantsev (born July 20, 1991) is an American beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss America 2015 on September 14, 2014. She is the third consecutive Miss America winner from New York and had won the title of Miss New York on May 24, 2014 while serving as Miss City of New York. Kazantsev was born on July 20, 1991 in San Francisco, California, to Russian immigrants who left Moscow in 1990 for the United States, making her a first-generation American. Her father, George, is a general surgeon and her mother, Julia (\"née\" Afrikian), is a real-estate broker.", "title": "Kira Kazantsev" }, { "id": "18270385", "text": "live finals took place at Radio City Music Hall in NYC on September 15 with the live results show taking place on September 16. The finals spanned only one week with the top 10 acts performing one more time before a winner was selected. The judges had the option to use their buzzer, though none of them did so. Five acts advanced into the top 5. The following chart describes the acts and appearances presented during the finale. America's Got Talent (season 10) Season Ten of the reality competition television series \"America's Got Talent\" was the 10th annual installment of", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 10)" }, { "id": "7633681", "text": "Got Talent\" logo. On September 16, country music singer Kevin Skinner was named the season's winner. The grand prize was $1 million and a 10-week headline show at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip. The runner-up was Bárbara Padilla, an opera singer. For season five, the network had considered moving the show to the fall, after rival series \"So You Think You Can Dance\" transferred from the summer to fall season in 2009. NBC ultimately decided to keep \"Talent\" a summer show. Open auditions were held in the winter to early spring of 2010 in", "title": "America's Got Talent" }, { "id": "17536053", "text": "it was mid teens winner Emily Middlemas singing her original song \"Goodnight kiss\" who won the overall title. Many of the placed acts were picked up by Syco and featured on the X Factor. The 2015 National Grand Final again took place at The NEC in Birmingham on 25 July and the overall winner was Rachel Ann Stroud from the mid-teens category with a striking version of \"Wicked Game\" by Chris Isaak. Rachel, hailing from Bournemouth, won with 115 marks. Second in the mid teens category was Tasha Jerawan from Cannock and Talis Eros from South Wales came third. The", "title": "TeenStar" }, { "id": "1961327", "text": "US on 13 September 2015. Cowell was announced as the replacement for Howard Stern on \"America's Got Talent\" on 22 October 2015. On 16 March 2006, \"American Inventor\" debuted on ABC. Cowell co-produced the show with Peter Jones who had devised the concept. Fledgling entrepreneurs from across the United States competed to see who could come up with the best new product concept. The 2006 winner, Janusz Liberkowski, received $1 million and the opportunity to develop his idea into a business. The show returned one more time in 2007 for a second season. In 2006, Cowell executive-produced \"Celebrity Duets\", which", "title": "Simon Cowell" }, { "id": "18781282", "text": "of the first episode. Hollywood Week aired in three parts over two weeks. They were filmed at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, California in mid-late November 2015. Contestants participated in three rounds: lines of 10, groups, and solos. The following is a list of the Top 24 contestants who were eliminated: The following is a list of the Top 14 contestants who were eliminated: The Top 24 semifinalists will be split into two groups of twelve. They were filmed at The Vibiana in Los Angeles, California. Pre-taped performances of the first group will air on February 10 and the second", "title": "American Idol (season 15)" }, { "id": "18885127", "text": "platform is \"She Matters\". Sanderford won the competition on Saturday, July 4, 2015, when she received her crown from outgoing Miss Texas titleholder Monique Evans. She earned more than $15,000 in scholarship money and other prizes from the state pageant. As Miss Texas, her activities include public appearances across the state of Texas. Sanderford was Texas's representative at the Miss America 2016 pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in September 2015. In the televised finale on September 13, 2015, she sang Dusty Springfield's \"Son of a Preacher Man\" during the talent portion of the competition. Sanderford placed in the Top", "title": "Shannon Sanderford" }, { "id": "19733847", "text": "20, 2017. No acts were buzzed. The season finale took place on September 20, 2017. During the finale results, the top 5 acts were revealed first; then they were eliminated in reverse ranking from fifth place to third place. Darci Lynne Farmer was announced the winner at the end of the finale. She won the million-dollar prize and was set to headline at the PH Showroom at the Las Vegas Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino on November 2, 3, 4 and 5, 2017. Guest performers in the finale included Kelly Clarkson, Shania Twain, James Arthur, Derek Hough and Terry Fator.", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 12)" }, { "id": "18629740", "text": "Sawyer Fredericks Sawyer Christopher Fredericks (born March 31, 1999) is an American singer–songwriter who won the eighth season of \"The Voice\" in 2015. Choosing Pharrell Williams as his coach, Fredericks set series iTunes sales records and became the second youngest winner in series history alongside Danielle Bradbery (both at the age of 16), until Season 14 winner, Brynn Cartelli, won at the age of 15. Fredericks was born to Kirsten L. and Carl F. Fredericks on March 31, 1999 in Newtown, Connecticut, the youngest of three brothers. At age eight, his family moved to an 88-acre farm near Fultonville, New", "title": "Sawyer Fredericks" }, { "id": "1580809", "text": "Barack Obama praised the millions of young people that voted for contestants and pitched that they vote in the upcoming election. The farewell season concluded on April 7, 2016. Seacrest signed off by saying: \"And one more time—this is so tough—we say to you from Hollywood, goodnight America\", and then he added, \"for now.\" Trent Harmon won the season against runner-up La'Porsha Renae. Harmon released \"Falling\" co-written by Keith Urban as his coronation song. Renae's \"Battles\", third-place finisher Dalton Rapattoni's \"Strike A Match\" and fourth-place finisher MacKenzie Bourg's \"Roses\" were also released as singles. In early 2017, \"Variety\" reported that", "title": "American Idol" }, { "id": "18526410", "text": "Ricky Martin, Prince Royce, Antony Santos, Espinoza Paz and J Alvarez. With her character \"Mela La Melaza,\" Lachapel emerged as winner from the auditions, winning $200,000 in prizes, a contract with Univision, a new Kia Soul car, and inclusion in the list of \"50 Most Beautiful\" by \"People\" magazine in Spanish. Honduran Nathalia Casco was awarded first runner-up. Puerto Rican Catherine Castro was second runner-up, and won a scholarship from CEA Televisa in Mexico to study acting. In fourth place was Clarissa Molina. Nuestra Belleza Latina 2015 Nuestra Belleza Latina 2015 (also known as NBL 2015) is the ninth season", "title": "Nuestra Belleza Latina 2015" }, { "id": "18781285", "text": "two weeks and one in each subsequent week, based on viewers' votes and the Judges' Save. Scott Borchetta served as the finalists' mentor. For the first time this season, the contestants paired up to sing duets. The finalists performed songs requested by the voting public through Twitter. For the first time in the competition, each finalist performed two songs. Each finalist performed a song dedicated to their hometown, a song Scott Borchetta chose, and a song the judges chose. Former contestants who performed on the April 7 finale included Clay Aiken, Lauren Alaina, Kris Allen, David Archuleta, Fantasia Barrino, Clark", "title": "American Idol (season 15)" }, { "id": "18626664", "text": "in Sanya, China. Final Judges: 51 delegates have been confirmed: Contestants who previously competed at other beauty pageants: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHUIipgIsaQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGpXMnvSr-M Miss World America 2015 Miss World America 2015 was the 1st edition of the Miss World America pageant held on July 3, 2015 at the Auditorium of the University of the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C.. Elizabeth Safrit of North Carolina, who was also Miss United States 2014 and the 2nd runner-up in Miss World 2014, crowned her successor at the end of the event. All fifty states, the District of Columbia, and American Samoa competed for the crown. The", "title": "Miss World America 2015" }, { "id": "18919486", "text": "September 2015. In the televised finale on September 13, 2015, she placed outside the Top 15 semi-finalists and was eliminated from competition. She was awarded a $3,000 scholarship prize as her state's representative. Earley is a native of Lebanon, Maine, and a 2009 graduate of Noble High School in North Berwick, Maine. Earley is a student at the University of New England where she studies dental hygiene. Kelsey Earley Kelsey Earley (born September 12, 1991) is an American beauty pageant titleholder from Lebanon, Maine, who was crowned Miss Maine 2015. She competed for the Miss America 2016 title in September", "title": "Kelsey Earley" }, { "id": "14605864", "text": "America's Got Talent (season 5) The fifth season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered in the United States on the NBC network and on Canada's Global on June 1, 2010. Soul singer Michael Grimm was named the winner on May 26, 2011, beating 10-year-old classical crossover singer Jackie Evancho. The season 5 selection process appears to carry over that of the past two seasons, but the Las Vegas Round was changed to that of the second and third seasons, which gave the performers a second chance to showcase their act. Instead of an audition", "title": "America's Got Talent (season 5)" }, { "id": "19109022", "text": "El Gran Show (season 1 of 2015) Season one of the 2015 edition of \"El Gran Show\" premiered on May 16, 2015. The show returned after a year of absence, returning with the original format of dreamers instead of professional dancers. Also, the duel returned to its original format. On August 1, 2015, model & reality TV star Melissa Loza and her dreamer Sergio Álvarez were declared the winners, actor & comedian Franco Cabrera and Pierina Neira finished second, while axé star Brenda Carvalho and Irving Figueroa finished third. On May 16, 2015, 12 celebrities were presented in a special", "title": "El Gran Show (season 1 of 2015)" }, { "id": "18903351", "text": "With My Soul\" as sung by Guy Penrod. Her platform is \"Project Impact: If Not You, Then Who?\". Jackson won the competition on Saturday, June 20, 2015, when she received her crown from outgoing Miss Indiana titleholder Audra Casterline. She earned thousands of dollars in scholarship money and other prizes from the state pageant. As Miss Indiana, her activities include public appearances across the state of Indiana. Jackson was Indiana's representative at the Miss America 2016 pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in September 2015. In the televised finale on September 13, 2015, she placed outside the Top 15 semi-finalists", "title": "Morgan Jackson" }, { "id": "19730208", "text": "Grace VanderWaal Grace Avery VanderWaal (born January 15, 2004) is an American singer-songwriter. She earned wide notice at an early age and is known for her distinctive vocals, often accompanying herself on the ukulele. VanderWaal began her musical career by posting videos of her original songs and covers on YouTube and performing at open mic nights near her hometown of Suffern, New York. In September 2016, at age 12, she won the eleventh season of the NBC TV competition show \"America's Got Talent\" (\"AGT\"), singing her original songs. In December 2016, she released her first EP, \"Perfectly Imperfect\", on the", "title": "Grace VanderWaal" }, { "id": "20848708", "text": "he took up magic as his career after being diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Lim was discovered around 2012 and began to tour internationally, and subsequently won the 2015 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés Magiques in Close-up Card Magic. His appearances on \"\" and his win on \"America's Got Talent\" during its 13th season in 2018 led to more international fame. Lim is the second of three children of Singapore-born parents and is ethnically Han Chinese. He was born in Vancouver, where his dad was completing his post graduate studies. His family returned to Singapore when he was 2 and moved", "title": "Shin Lim" }, { "id": "19301761", "text": "With the Stars Australia\". She then worked on Jennifer Lopez's 2012 world tour and performed with her on the \"American Idol\" season 11 finale. Goebel went on to choreograph and take on a role in the American 3D dance film \",\" released on 8 August 2014. In 2015, her choreography for DeeWunn's \"Mek It Bunx Up\" went viral and has received over 8 million views on YouTube. In 2015, Goebel was the leading choreographer for New Zealand's first hip-hop feature film, \"Born to Dance\". Stan Walker, the winner of Australian Idol, 2009, who starred as one of the main actors", "title": "Parris Goebel" } ]

[ "Epistle to Ramsay" ]

[ { "id": "16068649", "text": "To the nines \"To the nine\" is an English idiom meaning \"to perfection\" or \"to the highest degree\" or to dress \"buoyantly and high class\". In modern English usage, the phrase most commonly appears as \"dressed to the nine\" or \"dressed up to the nine\". The phrase is said to be Scots in origin. The earliest written example of the phrase is from the 1719 \"Epistle to Ramsay\" by the Scottish poet William Hamilton: <poem style=\"margin-left: 2em;\">The bonny Lines therein thou sent me, How to the nines they did content me. </poem> Robert Burns' \"Poem on Pastoral Poetry\", published posthumously", "title": "To the nines" }, { "id": "9488585", "text": "nicknames with them when the regiments were amalgamated in 1881. During its time as a separate regiment, the 99th Foot was known for the smartness of its drill. This earned it an assignment guarding Queen Victoria's pavilion during a tour of duty at Osbourne House, Isle of Wight in 1858. As a result, the 99th became known as the \"Queen's Pets\". It is also said that the expression \"dressed to the nines\" originated as a reference to the 99th. As part of their drill, their uniforms were kept in immaculate condition, which other regiments attempted to emulate, or dressing to", "title": "Wiltshire Regiment" }, { "id": "6945982", "text": "accident). She's got all the normal concerns in life: the rent, her family, men; yet all of her concerns are topped by the minor fact that someone is usually trying to kill her. The title appears to come from the common phrase, 'dressed to the nines'. Stephanie's cousin and boss, Vinnie, has written the visa bond for Samuel Singh, an Indian immigrant working temporarily in New Jersey. Now he has gone missing, and his landlord, Mrs. Apusenja, insists that Vinnie track him down. She claims Singh is engaged to her daughter, Nonnie, but Nonnie appears more concerned for her dog,", "title": "To the Nines (novel)" }, { "id": "12758407", "text": "music bands, and the YouTube account Hotforwords was registered. The first video posted was \"Intro to Philology ;-)\" on 7 March 2007. Orlova said this was at a time when \"everybody was uploading cleavage.\" The theme of Orlova's website and YouTube videos, which begin with the tagline \"Intelligence is Sexy,\" is tracing the origins of English words. Some of her entries focus on everyday words such as \"irony\" and \"OK,\" while others address lengthy and rarely used words such as \"floccinaucinihilipilification\" and \"antidisestablishmentarianism.\" Some entries also address idioms, including \"let the cat out of the bag,\" \"dressed to the nines,\"", "title": "Marina Orlova (YouTuber)" }, { "id": "1280906", "text": "is from 1907 in Southern Indiana. The phrase is related to the expression \"the whole six yards\", used around the same time in Kentucky and South Carolina. Both phrases are variations on \"the whole ball of wax\", first recorded in the 1880s. They are part of a family of expressions in which an odd-sounding item, such as \"enchilada\", \"shooting match\", \"shebang\" or \"hog\", is substituted for \"ball of wax\". The choice of the number nine may be related to the expression \"To the nines\" (to perfection). Use of the phrase became widespread in the 1980s and 1990s. Much of the", "title": "The whole nine yards" }, { "id": "16068650", "text": "in 1800, also uses the phrase: <poem style=\"margin-left: 2em;\">Thou paints auld nature to the nines, In thy sweet Caledonian lines. </poem> The phrase may have originally been associated with the Nine Worthies or the nine Muses. A poem from a 17th century collection of works by John Rawlet contains the following lines: <poem style=\"margin-left: 2em;\">The learned tribe whose works the World do bless, Finish those works in some recess; Both the Philosopher and Divine, And Poets most who still make their address In private to the Nine.</poem> To the nines \"To the nine\" is an English idiom meaning \"to perfection\"", "title": "To the nines" }, { "id": "14960148", "text": "Bill Hinnant William Hinnant (born John F. Hinnant; August 28, 1935 — February 17, 1978) was an American actor. His younger brother is actor and comedian Skip Hinnant. Hinnant was born John F. Hinnant in Chincoteague Island, Virginia. He attended the Yale School of Drama, but left after his sophomore year in 1958 to originate the role of the navigator in the Broadway play, \"No Time for Sergeants\". He later returned to Yale University and graduated in 1959. After completing college, Hinnant appeared in the Julius Monk revue \"Dressed to the Nines\". In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he", "title": "Bill Hinnant" }, { "id": "11409277", "text": "revues by writers such as Tom Jones and Harvey Schmidt (later collaborators on \"The Fantasticks\"), Louis Botto, Sheldon Harnick, Herb Hartig, Gerry Matthews, John Meyer and Tom Poston. Monk's annual revues established the standard for New York cabaret over the following decade: \"Take Five\" (1957), \"Demi-Dozen\" (1958), \"Four Below Strikes Back\" (1959), \"Pieces of Eight\" (1959), \"Dressed to the Nines\" (1960) and \"7 Come 11\" (1961). Performers hired and/or cultivated by Monk include Jean Arnold, Michael Brown, Ceil Cabot, Thelma Carpenter, Pat Carroll, Imogene Coca, Jane and Gordon Connell, Blossom Dearie and Annie Ross; collaborators and associates also included Robert", "title": "Julius Monk" }, { "id": "12634222", "text": "follow-up record, \"Dressed To The Nines...Armed To The Teeth\", was released in 2002 on Accidental Sirens, an indie label partially owned by Allan Aguirre of Scaterd Few. A review in \"HM Magazine\" was heavily critical of the album, stating that its \"fuzz-tone guitar based electro industrial\" sound had at best the quality of a demo. Massivivid Massivivid was a Christian band founded by Wally Shaw and Mark Nash. Their sound was based in industrial rock and electronic pop, but with a hard edge and intensity similar to that of Nine Inch Nails or The Smashing Pumpkins. Massivivid was founded as", "title": "Massivivid" }, { "id": "7766286", "text": "variety show \"Hey Hey it's Saturday\" and packaged by Disney Entertainment P/L for the Ten Network and its affiliates throughout the world. The title takes its name from the proverb, \"Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.\" This quote is often attributed to Benjamin Franklin since it appeared in his \"Poor Richard's Almanack\"; however, it was first used in print by John Clarke in a 1639 book of English and Latin proverbs. (Consequently, as it is a proverb, Clarke was also probably not the original author but was simply passing on a common", "title": "Healthy, Wealthy and Wise" }, { "id": "18003496", "text": "of 1715 and \"became universally hated in Scotland\". In 18th-century Scotland, the nine of diamonds was sometimes called the \"Justice Clerk\", and was considered to be the most unlucky card in the pack. James Mitchell's 1825 \"Scotsman's Library\" claimed that the expression originated from the Duke of Monmouth writing orders on such a card before the Battle of Bothwell Bridge (1679). Despite this, in \"The Spectator\", a reviewer of an 1885 book by George Gomme commented that the reviewer had believed that the phrase had started from an order written on a 9 by the Duke of Cumberland (\"Butcher\" Cumberland)", "title": "Curse of Scotland" }, { "id": "3585969", "text": "In 1948, performing his own music and lyrics, he auditioned for Julius Monk. His engagement at Le Ruban Bleu lasted a record 54 weeks. Returning to cabaret every ten years or so, he performed at The Blue Angel, the Ballroom, Plaza 9, Upstairs at the Downstairs, and The Savoy in London. He wrote the words and music for songs that were featured in all of Julius Monk's cabaret revues, including \"Four Below\", 1956; \"Take Five\", 1957; \"Four Below Strikes Back\", 1959; \"Dressed to the Nines\", 1960; \"Seven Come Eleven\", 1961; \"Dime a Dozen\", 1962; \"Baker's Dozen\", 1964; and \"Bits and", "title": "Michael Brown (writer)" }, { "id": "3435027", "text": "Cat o' nine tails The cat o' nine tails, commonly shortened to the cat, is a type of multi-tailed whip that originated as an implement for severe physical punishment, notably in the Royal Navy and Army of the United Kingdom, and also as a judicial punishment in Britain and some other countries. The term first appears in 1681 in reports of a London murder. The term came into wider circulation in 1695 although the design is much older. It was probably so called in reference to its \"claws\", which inflict parallel wounds. There are equivalent terms in many languages, usually", "title": "Cat o' nine tails" }, { "id": "9160759", "text": "So Sweet\" (3:35) Side Two 6. \"Mr Big\" (Stewart/Underhill/Ludwig) (3:21) 7. \"Janine\" (4:09) 8. \"Back to You\" (Ludwig) (4:09) 9. \"Good Clean Fun\" (4:45) 10. \"Drive Away\" (3:41) Flying Colors (Trooper album) Flying Colors is the fifth studio album by the Canadian rock band Trooper, released in 1979. The album contained the hits \"3 Dressed Up as a Nine\", \"Good Clean Fun\" and \"Janine\", the latter of which became the band's highest charting single in their career history. The album would reach double-platinum certification in Canada. All songs by McGuire/Smith except where noted. Side One 1. \"3 Dressed Up as", "title": "Flying Colors (Trooper album)" }, { "id": "1280913", "text": "Shepard's \"The Doom Pussy\" (1967). William Safire, a language columnist at the \"New York Times\", asked listeners for information regarding the origin of the phrase on Larry King's radio show in 1982. Safire ended up writing nine columns on this subject and is largely responsible for the interest in it. In 1986, the phrase was added to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" with the earliest citation given as 1970. \"The Historical Dictionary of American Slang\" (1997) cited Shepard's novel, thus pushing the earliest known usage back to 1967. Several key discoveries in further antedating the phrase were made by Bonnie Taylor-Blake,", "title": "The whole nine yards" }, { "id": "669783", "text": "the thumb-nail as a standard\" and that \"Countrymen always measure by their thumb\". According to \"Phrasefinder\", \"The phrase joins the whole nine yards as one that probably derives from some form of measurement but which is unlikely ever to be definitively pinned down\". A modern folk etymology relates the phrase to domestic violence via an alleged rule under English law that allowed for wife beating provided the implement used was a rod or stick no thicker than a man's thumb. While wife beating has been officially outlawed in England (and later, the United States) for centuries, enforcement of the law", "title": "Rule of thumb" }, { "id": "2201583", "text": "Time: Five Tales of Speculative Fiction\"), and a biography of the poet (\"World Enough and Time: The Life of Andrew Marvell\"). The phrase is used as a title chapter in Andreas Wagner's pop science book on the origin of variation in organisms, \"Arrival of the Fittest\". The verse serves as an epigraph to \"\", literary critic Erich Auerbach's most famous book. It is also the title of an episode of Big Finish Productions's The Diary of River Song series 2, and of part 1 of Doctor Who's Series 10 finale. Also in the field of science fiction, Ursula K. Le", "title": "To His Coy Mistress" }, { "id": "1280907", "text": "interest in the phrase's etymology can be attributed to \"New York Times\" language columnist William Safire, who wrote extensively on this question. The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" places the earliest published non-idiomatic use of the phrase in the \"New Albany Daily Ledger\" (New Albany, Indiana, January 30, 1855) in an article called \"The Judge's Big Shirt.\" “What a silly, stupid woman! I told her to get just enough to make three shirts; instead of making three, she has put the whole nine yards into one shirt!” The first known use of the phrase as an idiom appears in \"The Mitchell Commercial\",", "title": "The whole nine yards" }, { "id": "5386842", "text": "until 2007, when Rogers retired from the ring. On June 1, 2015, Tommy Rogers died at the age of 54. In their early years, they used the song \"Sharp Dressed Man\" as an entrance theme. One night they were approached and told that Dusty Hill was inviting them to meet him at a local bar in Texas, which Rogers and Fulton thought was a prank. When Hill actually showed up, they expected to be served with a cease and desist order for using the song. But, Hill was actually a huge fan of them, and loved that they used the", "title": "The Fantastics" }, { "id": "9160758", "text": "Flying Colors (Trooper album) Flying Colors is the fifth studio album by the Canadian rock band Trooper, released in 1979. The album contained the hits \"3 Dressed Up as a Nine\", \"Good Clean Fun\" and \"Janine\", the latter of which became the band's highest charting single in their career history. The album would reach double-platinum certification in Canada. All songs by McGuire/Smith except where noted. Side One 1. \"3 Dressed Up as a 9\" (4:41) 2. \"All Day and All of the Night\" (Ray Davies) (3:08) 3. \"Go Ahead and Sue Me\" (4:20) 4. \"Quiet Desperation\" (Stewart/Underhill/Ludwig) (4:25) 5. \"She's", "title": "Flying Colors (Trooper album)" }, { "id": "1367683", "text": "and a good deal higher than Haman\". William Thoday is drowned in the flood trying to save another man. Wimsey speculates that \"I think perhaps he guessed at last how Geoffrey Deacon died and felt himself responsible\". The \"Nine Tailors\" of the book's title are taken from the old saying \"Nine Tailors Make a Man\", which Sayers quotes at the end of the novel. As explained by John Shand in his 1936 \"Spectator\" article \"The Bellringers' Art\", \"'Nine Tailors' means the nine strokes which at the beginning of the toll for the dead announce to the villagers that a man", "title": "The Nine Tailors" }, { "id": "1536743", "text": "the legend of the marriage of the birds as the starting point for his epithalamion celebrating the marriage of Elizabeth, daughter of James I of England, and Frederick V, Elector Palatine, on Valentine's Day: The verse \"Roses are red\" echoes conventions traceable as far back as Edmund Spenser's epic \"The Faerie Queene\" (1590): \"She bath'd with roses red, and violets blew,<br> And all the sweetest flowres, that in the forrest grew.\" The modern cliché Valentine's Day poem can be found in the collection of English nursery rhymes \"Gammer Gurton's Garland\" (1784): \"The rose is red, the violet's blue, The honey's", "title": "Valentine's Day" }, { "id": "753439", "text": "Korybantes According to the Greek mythology, the Korybantes (; ) were the armed and crested dancers who worshipped the Phrygian goddess Cybele with drumming and dancing. They are also called the Kurbantes in Phrygia. The conventional English equivalent is \"Corybants\". The Korybantes were the offspring of Thalia and Apollo. The name Korybantes is of uncertain etymology. Edzard Johan Furnée and R. S. P. Beekes have suggested a Pre-Greek origin. Others refer the name to *κορυβή (\"korybé\"), the Macedonian version of κορυφή (\"koryphé\") \"crown, top, mountain peak\", explaining their association with mountains, particularly Olympus. The Kuretes or Kouretes () were nine", "title": "Korybantes" }, { "id": "8955515", "text": "The phrase originates in Horace's \"Ode\" . The opening line, \"Gather ye rosebuds while ye may\", echoes the Latin phrase \"collige, virgo, rosas\" (\"gather, girl, the roses\"), which appears at the end of the poem \"\"De rosis nascentibus,\"\" also called \"\"Idyllium de rosis,\"\" attributed to Ausonius or Virgil. In the second book of Edmund Spenser's \"The Faerie Queene\", a young man in the Bower of Bliss sings, \"Gather therefore the Rose, whilest yet is prime,/ For soone comes age, that will her pride deflowre:/ Gather the Rose of love, whilest yet is time,/ Whilest loving thou mayst loved be with", "title": "To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time" }, { "id": "7766251", "text": "The phrase is used one other time in the Hebrew Scriptures, to describe the garment worn by Tamar, daughter of David, in 2 Samuel 13:18-19. Joseph's father Jacob (also called Israel) favored him and gave Joseph the coat as a gift; as a result, he was envied by his brothers, who saw the special coat as an indication that Joseph would assume family leadership. His brothers' suspicion grew when Joseph told them of his two dreams (Genesis 37:11) in which all the brothers bowed down to him. The narrative tells that his brothers plotted against him when he was 17,", "title": "Coat of many colors" }, { "id": "2174787", "text": "Boondocks The boondocks is an American expression that stems from the Tagalog word \"bundók\" (\"mountain\"). It originally referred to a remote rural area, but now it is often applied to an out-of-the-way city or town considered backward and unsophisticated. It can also designate a 'mountain'. The expression was introduced to English by U.S. military personnel fighting in the Philippine–American War (1899-1902). It derives from the Tagalog word \"\"bundók\"\", which means \"mountain\". According to military historian Paul A. Kramer, the term originally had \"connotations of bewilderment and confusion\", due to the guerrilla warfare in which the soldiers were engaged. In the", "title": "Boondocks" }, { "id": "12702212", "text": "poem in time. The chapel of Santa Maria e San Giovanni was beside a city gate, and it was probably there that the guards assembled before their watch and joined the clergy in singing the song. The poet cites two stories from classical history to encourage the guards: the Trojan War, and how the city was safe while Hector kept watch; and the Sacred Geese (derived from Virgil and Servius), who defended the Rome from the Gauls. Lines 17–18 of the song—\"Pro qua virtute facta est argentea / Et a Romanis adorata ut dea\"—seem to be the poet's invention, based", "title": "Song of the Watchmen of Modena" }, { "id": "9122764", "text": "and commonplace\". The Thomas Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress, which opened in 1897, has the adage decorating an interior wall. Though Bulwer's phrasing was novel, the idea of communication surpassing violence in efficacy had numerous predecessors. The saying quickly gained currency, says Susan Ratcliffe, associate editor of the Oxford Quotations Dictionaries. \"By the 1840s it was a commonplace.\" Assyrian sage Ahiqar, who reputedly lived during the early 7th century BC, coined the first known version of this phrase. One copy of the Teachings of Ahiqar, dating to about 500 BC, states, \"The word is mightier than the sword.\"", "title": "The pen is mightier than the sword" }, { "id": "1413445", "text": "the whites of their eyes\" was popularized in stories about the battle of Bunker Hill. It is uncertain as to who said it there, since various histories, including eyewitness accounts, attribute it to Putnam, Stark, Prescott, or Gridley, and it may have been said first by one, and repeated by the others. It was also not an original statement. The idea dates originally to the general-king Gustavus Adolphus (1594–1632) who gave standing orders to his musketeers: \"never to give fire, till they could see their own image in the pupil of their enemy's eye\". Gustavus Adolphus's military teachings were widely", "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill" }, { "id": "4556898", "text": "Pauline de Rothschild Pauline, Baroness de Rothschild (née Potter; December 31, 1908 – March 8, 1976) was a writer, a fashion designer, and, with her second husband, a translator of both Elizabethan poetry and the plays of Christopher Fry. She was the only woman named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1969, alongside Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Dean Acheson, Angier Biddle Duke, Cary Grant, and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. She was born Pauline Potter at 10 rue Octave Feuillet in the Paris neighborhood of Passy, to wealthy expatriate American parents of Protestant background. Her mother was", "title": "Pauline de Rothschild" }, { "id": "182785", "text": "Halloween imagery includes themes of death, evil, and mythical monsters. Black, orange, and sometimes purple are Halloween's traditional colors. Trick-or-treating is a customary celebration for children on Halloween. Children go in costume from house to house, asking for treats such as candy or sometimes money, with the question, \"Trick or treat?\" The word \"trick\" implies a \"threat\" to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given. The practice is said to have roots in the medieval practice of mumming, which is closely related to souling. John Pymm writes that \"many of the feast days associated", "title": "Halloween" }, { "id": "3274200", "text": "series, which aired on ABC and a string of gold records. The duo also did a 1998–2000 talk show and have been headlining in Las Vegas since 2008. Osmond is also the celebrity winner of the ninth season of \"Dancing with the Stars\". Osmond was born on December 9, 1957, in Ogden, Utah, the seventh son of Olive May (née Davis; 1925 – 2004) and George Virl Osmond (1917 – 2007). He is the brother of Alan, Jay, Jimmy, Merrill, Wayne, Marie, Tom, and Virl Osmond. Alan, Jay, Merrill, Wayne, and Donny were members of the popular singing group The", "title": "Donny Osmond" }, { "id": "815959", "text": "become the motto of the Order. However, the earliest written version of this story dates from the 1460s, and it seems to have been conceived as a retrospective explanation for the adoption of what was then seen as an item of female underclothing as the symbol of a band of knights. In fact, at the time of the Order's establishment in the mid-14th century, the garter was predominantly an item of male attire. According to another legend, King Richard I was inspired in the 12th century by St George the Martyr while fighting in the Crusades to tie garters around", "title": "Order of the Garter" }, { "id": "8955516", "text": "equall crime.\" The first line and the theme of the poem also echo a well-known couplet in Shakespeare's Sonnet 18: Nearly the same sense was expressed thousands of years earlier in \"Wisdom of Solomon\" 2:8, \"Let us crown ourselves with rosebuds before they wither\", a verse ironically given as the example of a fool's reasoning in denying the resurrection of the dead and turning to licence. To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time \"To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time\" is a poem written by English Cavalier poet Robert Herrick in the 17th century. The poem is in", "title": "To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time" }, { "id": "16924376", "text": "Ellen Palmer Allerton Ellen Palmer Allerton (October 17, 1835 – August 31, 1893) was an American poet whose inspiration probably came from her life on farms in rural New York, Wisconsin, and Kansas. She is best remembered for the poems \"Beautiful Things\", \"The Trail of Forty-Nine\" and \"Walls of Corn.\" Ellen Palmer was born in Centerville, New York, the youngest and only daughter among a family of eight children raised by William Palmer and his second wife, Eleanor Knickerbocker. Her father, a farmer, was born in East Guilford, Vermont on November 1, 1786, and her mother, a descendant of Dutch", "title": "Ellen Palmer Allerton" }, { "id": "50052", "text": "in Proverbs, a \"collection of collections\" relating to a pattern of life which lasted for more than a millennium. The phrase conventionally used for the title is taken from chapter 1:1, \"mishley shelomoh\", Proverbs of Solomon (the phrase is repeated at 10:1 and 25:1), is likely more concerned with labeling the material than ascribing authorship. The book is an anthology made up of six discrete units. The first, chapters 1–9, was probably the last to be composed, in the Persian or Hellenistic periods. This section has parallels to prior cuneiform writings. The second, chapters 10–22:16, carries the superscription \"the proverbs", "title": "Book of Proverbs" }, { "id": "2991183", "text": "the Baseball Hall of Fame declares he set the bases 90 feet apart and established nine innings as a game and nine players as a team. He did none of these things, and every other word of substance on his plaque is false.\" His authorship may have been exaggerated in a modern attempt to identify a single inventor of the game, and heavily advanced by a relentless public-relations campaign by his son and grandson. The 1845 Rules themselves are signed by the \"Committee on By-Laws\", William R. Wheaton and William H. Tucker. There is evidence that these rules had been", "title": "Origins of baseball" }, { "id": "6522055", "text": "Cheek to Cheek \"Cheek to Cheek\" is a song written by Irving Berlin in 1935, for the Fred Astaire/Ginger Rogers movie \"Top Hat\" (1935). In the movie, Astaire sings the song to Rogers as they dance. The song was nominated for the Best Song Academy Award for 1936, which it lost to \"\"Lullaby of Broadway\"\". The song spent five weeks at #1 on Your Hit Parade and was named the #1 song of 1935. Astaire's 1935 recording with the Leo Reisman Orchestra was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2000. In 2004, Astaire's version finished at No. 15", "title": "Cheek to Cheek" }, { "id": "3827316", "text": "became, as hazelnuts were long called \"nux Phyllidos\", and are still sometimes called \"filberts\" today. In English, this version goes back at least to Gower, who writes in \"Confessio Amantis\" (ca. 1390): This story most notably appears in the second poem of Ovid's \"Heroides\", a book of epistolary poems from mythological women to their respective men, and it also appears in the \"Aitia\" of Callimachus. The Nine Ways is derived from the story of Phyllis, who is said to have returned nine times to the shores to wait for Demophon's return. \"Phyllis\" (or \"Phillis\") is commonly used as a female", "title": "Phyllis" }, { "id": "12853808", "text": "'), and \"shield maidens\", hosts of female beings attested in Old Norse and, to a lesser extent, Old English sources, similar to or identical with the Idise of the Merseburg Incantations. Among some recent scholars the term has been theorized as a simple metaphor for the \"victorious sword\" (the stinging) of the bees. In 1909, the scholar Felix Grendon recorded what he saw as similarities between the charm and the Lorsch Bee Blessing, a manuscript portion of the Lorsch Codex, from the monastery in Lorsch, Germany. Grendon suggested that the two could possibly have a common origin in pre-Christian Germanic", "title": "For a Swarm of Bees" }, { "id": "10316890", "text": "His Majesty...shall suffer death.\" This was called the Coventry Act, after Sir John Coventry MP, who had \"had his nose slit to the bone\" by attackers. Some have suggested that the idiom derives from the ostracism that became a fate of legendary Coventry's \"Peeping Tom\". However it is surprising that there is no recorded use between the 1050s (the origin of the tale) and the first possible example suggested by the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", dated 1647. Furthermore, there is no support for this derivation in Brewer's \"Dictionary of Phrase and Fable\" (1981), the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" (1986), or Partridge's \"Dictionary", "title": "Send to Coventry" }, { "id": "11355968", "text": "Incroyables and Merveilleuses The Incroyables (, \"incredibles\") and their female counterparts, the Merveilleuses (, \"marvelous women\", roughly equivalent to \"fabulous divas\"), were members of a fashionable aristocratic subculture in Paris during the French Directory (1795–1799). Whether as catharsis or in a need to reconnect with other survivors of the Reign of Terror, they greeted the new regime with an outbreak of luxury, decadence, and even silliness. They held hundreds of balls and started fashion trends in clothing and mannerisms that today seem exaggerated, affected, or even effete (decadent, self-indulgent). Some devotees of the trend preferred to be called \"incoyable\" or", "title": "Incroyables and Merveilleuses" }, { "id": "39261", "text": "from its inception in the 15th century, to the wrapping of the body of Mary, Queen of Scots, in her billiard table cover in 1586, through its many mentions in the works of Shakespeare, including the famous line \"let's to billiards\" in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" (1606–07), and through the many famous enthusiasts of the sport such as: Mozart, Louis XIV of France, Marie Antoinette, Immanuel Kant, Napoleon, Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, George Washington, French president Jules Grévy, Charles Dickens, George Armstrong Custer, Theodore Roosevelt, Lewis Carroll, W.C. Fields, Babe Ruth, Bob Hope, and Jackie Gleason. All cue sports are generally", "title": "Cue sports" }, { "id": "4513490", "text": "batch of Mrs. Murphy's large pot of chowder. Tim Nolan, who discovered the overalls, immediately assumes it was a prank, and promises to inflict pain on \"the mick that threw the overalls ... \". Mistress Murphy, upon realizing the ruckus, admits that she forgot to take the overalls out of the pot after she had been using it for laundry earlier in the day, at which point Nolan apologizes and the group puts music to his words and sing (the chorus). The song has enjoyed some popularity with Irish-Americans and association with the Saint Patrick's Day holiday and is sometimes", "title": "Who Threw the Overalls in Mrs. Murphy's Chowder" }, { "id": "3435037", "text": "components). Although the purpose was to control infection, it caused the sailor to endure additional pain, and gave rise to the expression \"rubbing salt into his wounds\", which came to mean vindictively or gratuitously increasing a punishment or injury already imposed. The British Army had a similar multiple whip, though much lighter in construction, made of a drumstick with attached strings. The flogger was usually a drummer rather than a strong bosun's mate. Flogging with the cat o' nine tails fell into disuse around 1870. Whereas the British naval cat rarely cut (contrary to graphic films) but rather abraded the", "title": "Cat o' nine tails" }, { "id": "11373190", "text": "Trabucayres. The Trabucayres are famous mountain outlaws, bands of individuals who, on behalf of social banditry, political or foul, robbed, kidnapped, and ransomed coaches, landowners and farmers from 1837 to 1846. The name comes from the Catalan word \"\"trabuc\"\", a short-barreled shotgun used at that time. Despite their cruelty, the Trabucayres were treated as avengers of social injustice. This feeling was strengthened because their crimes were addressed to the \"bourgeoisie\". In addition, Trabucayres preceded their acts with religious rituals to absolve them from all sin, thus reinforcing their popularity among common people. The legend is still alive and a source", "title": "Maureillas-las-Illas" }, { "id": "14827512", "text": "was retold in verse in \"Old Friends in a New Dress\", a popular collection written specially for children by Richard Scrafton Sharpe, originally published in 1807. The moral drawn there is that learning comes only with application - 'True wisdom is not learned at once'. The fable was attributed to Aesop in later 19th century collections and also found its way to the United States. The tale resembles the traditional story of how to catch a monkey. Idries Shah recounts the fable as a teaching story in his \"Tales of the Dervishes\", where cherries in a jar are used to", "title": "The Boy and the Filberts" }, { "id": "6945985", "text": "Las Vegas, and his prospective employer called TriBro for a reference. Stephanie sets out for Vegas, accompanied by her sidekick Lula and Vinnie's secretary, Connie Rossoli. They rescue Boo from the home of a woman Singh was living with, but Stephanie gets a call from Morelli, who was informed by the Vegas police that Singh's body was found in a car at the airport, shot execution style. Afraid that the \"Roses and Carnations Killer\" has followed them to Nevada, Stephanie and Connie quickly return to New Jersey; Lula, afraid to fly again, decides to drive cross-country with Boo for company.", "title": "To the Nines (novel)" }, { "id": "9725508", "text": "The full monty (phrase) The full monty (or the full Monty) is a British slang phrase of uncertain origin. It is generally used to mean \"everything which is necessary, appropriate or possible; ‘the works’\". Similar North American phrases include \"the whole kit and caboodle\", \"the whole nine yards\", \"the whole ball of wax\", \"the whole enchilada\", \"the whole shebang\", or \"[going] whole hog\". The phrase was first identified in print by the OED in the 1980s. Anecdotal evidence exists for earlier usage; the phrase was also used as the name for some fish and chip shops in Manchester during the", "title": "The full monty (phrase)" }, { "id": "16777325", "text": "the events in Romania, but wondering if Romanians still remembered him. Păstorel was a recipient of the 1937 National Prize for Prose. The jury comprised other major writers of the day: Rebreanu, Sadoveanu, Cezar Petrescu, Victor Eftimiu. Teodoreanu was especially proud about this achievement: in his own definition, the National Prize was an endorsement \"worth its weight in gold\". He impressed the other literati at the celebratory dinner, where he was \"dressed to the nines\" and drank with moderation. After the event, Teodoreanu turned his attention to his poetry writing: in 1938, he published the booklet \"Caiet\" (\"Notebook\"). The same", "title": "Păstorel Teodoreanu" }, { "id": "9391818", "text": "and written by lyricist Isaac Bikkers (1833-1903). The hymn is thus one of a series that have drawn on that text, including Angels We Have Heard on High, Angels from the Realms of Glory, While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks, and, by far the most ancient, the Greater Doxology or Gloria in Excelsis Deo. The music is attributed to F.A. Schultz, of whom little is known except for references by others that a Franz Albert Schultz wrote a song book while working at a college in Königsberg in 1731. No copies of this book are extant. The music is grandiose in", "title": "Glory to God" }, { "id": "955599", "text": "flower were said to represent faith, wisdom and chivalry, and to be a sign of divine favour bestowed on France. During the next century, the 14th, the tradition of Trinity symbolism was established in France, and then spread elsewhere. In 1328, King Edward III of England inherited a claim to the crown of France, and in about 1340 he quartered \"France Ancient\" with the arms of Plantagenet, as \"arms of pretence\". After the kings of France adopted \"France Modern\", the kings of England adopted the new design as quarterings from about 1411. The monarchs of England (and later of Great", "title": "Fleur-de-lis" }, { "id": "18003494", "text": "Curse of Scotland The Curse of Scotland is a nickname used for the Nine of Diamonds playing card. The expression has been used at least since the early 18th century, and many putative explanations have been given for the origin of this nickname for the card. In a book printed in London in 1708, \"The British Apollo, or, Curious amusements for the ingenious\", a question is posed: Q. \"Why is the\" Nine of Diamonds \"called\" the curse of Scotland? A. Diamonds as the Ornamental Jewels of a Regnal Crown, imply no more in the above-nam'd Proverb than a mark of", "title": "Curse of Scotland" }, { "id": "182789", "text": "All Halloween customs in the United States are borrowed directly or adapted from those of other countries\". While the first reference to \"guising\" in North America occurs in 1911, another reference to ritual begging on Halloween appears, place unknown, in 1915, with a third reference in Chicago in 1920. The earliest known use in print of the term \"trick or treat\" appears in 1927, in the \"Blackie Herald\" Alberta, Canada. The thousands of Halloween postcards produced between the turn of the 20th century and the 1920s commonly show children but not trick-or-treating. Trick-or-treating does not seem to have become a", "title": "Halloween" }, { "id": "17792435", "text": "1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818", "title": "Timeline of women's education" }, { "id": "4929126", "text": "had already published articles in \"The Revolution\". She came from a family that had become wealthy by selling patent medicines. Studwell was a Quaker abolitionist and financier. Bullard gave the paper a new motto, the Biblical phrase: \"What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder\", which was often quoted in marriage ceremonies. One historian has conjectured that Bullard selected the motto partly to fend off accusations that the women's rights movement would destroy the institution of marriage. She gave it her own interpretation, however, saying \"it is a time-honored form of words expressing not only one limited", "title": "The Revolution (newspaper)" }, { "id": "16250034", "text": "Amanda Harlech Amanda Harlech, Baroness Harlech (born Amanda Jane Grieve) is a British creative consultant and writer with a long association with the couturiers John Galliano and Karl Lagerfeld. She was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1997. Amanda Jane Grieve was born in 1959 in north London, the daughter of Alan Grieve, a solicitor and director of the Jerwood Foundation and his first wife, Anne Dulake. She grew up in Regent's Park where one of her childhood companions was Jasper Conran. She was educated at South Hampstead High School and Marlborough College before studying", "title": "Amanda Harlech" }, { "id": "19949366", "text": "the Drunkard's Path patchwork block. Legend has it that the phrase alludes to an event in mid-16th century England in which the was deemed a cathedral by letters patent; but ten years later it was absorbed into the diocese of London when the diocese of Westminster was dissolved, and a few years after that many of its assets were expropriated for repairs to Saint Paul's Cathedral. However, the phrase was popular even before that, dating back to at least the late 14thcentury. This phrase may have originated in Middle English as a collocation of common namessimilar to, for example, Tom,", "title": "To rob Peter to pay Paul" }, { "id": "1877752", "text": "Robert Herrick (poet) Robert Herrick (baptised 24 August 1591 – buried 15 October 1674) was a 17th-century English lyric poet and cleric. He is best known for \"Hesperides\", a book of poems. This includes the \"carpe diem\" poem \"To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time\", with the first line \"Gather ye rosebuds while ye may\". Born in Cheapside, London, he was the seventh child and fourth son of Julia Stone and Nicholas Herrick, a prosperous goldsmith. He was named for his uncle, Robert Herrick (or Heyrick), a prosperous MP for Leicester, who had bought the land Greyfriars Abbey stood", "title": "Robert Herrick (poet)" }, { "id": "15173226", "text": "Franklin, the modern English wording appears earlier in Algernon Sidney's work. The phrase is often mistaken as a scriptural quote, though it is not stated verbatim in the Bible. Some Christians have criticized the expression as being contrary to the Bible's message of God's grace. A variant of the phrase can also be found in the Quran (13:11). The sentiment appears in several ancient Greek tragedies. Sophocles, in his \"Philoctetes\" (c. 409 BC), wrote, \"No good e'er comes of leisure purposeless; And heaven ne'er helps the men who will not act.\" Euripides , in the \"Hippolytus\" (428 BC), mentions that,", "title": "God helps those who help themselves" }, { "id": "6238407", "text": "Hot Cross Buns Hot Cross Buns is an English language nursery rhyme, Easter song, and street cry referring to the spiced English bun known as a hot cross bun, which is associated with the end of Lent and is eaten on Good Friday in various countries. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 13029. The most common modern version is: The earliest record of the rhyme is in \"Christmas Box\", published in London in 1798. However, there are earlier references to the rhyme as a street cry in London, for example in the \"Poor Robin's Almanack\" for 1733,", "title": "Hot Cross Buns" }, { "id": "1785935", "text": "(France, Denmark and Hungary) and \"three noble dynasties\" (Louis XI of France, called \"Louis the Prudent\" as Dauphin, Ladislaus I of Hungary, and Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg of the House of Welf). As a group, the nine worthies represent all facets of the perfect chivalrous warrior. All, with the exception of Hector, are conquering heroes. (Despite Arthur's later downfall, historical and literary texts record his early conquests in Britain and on the Continent). Those not royal were presumed to come from knightly families. All lived in the pre-heraldic era, and attributed arms were invented for them, as in Lucas", "title": "Nine Worthies" }, { "id": "15364818", "text": "Still waters run deep Still waters run deep is a proverb of Latin origin now commonly taken to mean that a placid exterior hides a passionate or subtle nature. Formerly it also carried the warning that silent people are dangerous, as in Suffolk's comment on a fellow lord in William Shakespeare's play \"Henry VI part 2\": According to the \"The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs\", the first mention of the proverb appeared in Classical times in the form \"altissima quaeque flumina minimo sono labi\" (the deepest rivers flow with least sound) in a history of Alexander the Great by Quintus", "title": "Still waters run deep" }, { "id": "3435043", "text": "Trinidad & Tobago did not acknowledge the Court's jurisdiction, since it had denounced the American Convention on Human Rights several years before the Court started hearing this case. Cat o' nine tails The cat o' nine tails, commonly shortened to the cat, is a type of multi-tailed whip that originated as an implement for severe physical punishment, notably in the Royal Navy and Army of the United Kingdom, and also as a judicial punishment in Britain and some other countries. The term first appears in 1681 in reports of a London murder. The term came into wider circulation in 1695", "title": "Cat o' nine tails" }, { "id": "8870754", "text": "Lorenzo Borghese Lorenzo Borghese (; born June 9, 1972) is an Italian-American businessman, television personality, and member of the Borghese family. Besides being a cosmetics entrepreneur and animal advocate, Borghese was a bachelor on the ninth season of ABC's \"The Bachelor\". He is the son of Prince Francesco Marco Luigi Costanzo Borghese (born 1938) and his American wife, Amanda Leigh, daughter of Douglas Leigh. Borghese's paternal grandmother was Princess Marcella Borghese, who founded the \"Borghese\" cosmetics line in 1958. Borghese was born on June 9, 1972, in Milan, Italy. Borghese's parents, Francesco and Amanda Borghese, have lived in Short Hills,", "title": "Lorenzo Borghese" }, { "id": "18003502", "text": "play. Curse of Scotland The Curse of Scotland is a nickname used for the Nine of Diamonds playing card. The expression has been used at least since the early 18th century, and many putative explanations have been given for the origin of this nickname for the card. In a book printed in London in 1708, \"The British Apollo, or, Curious amusements for the ingenious\", a question is posed: Q. \"Why is the\" Nine of Diamonds \"called\" the curse of Scotland? A. Diamonds as the Ornamental Jewels of a Regnal Crown, imply no more in the above-nam'd Proverb than a mark", "title": "Curse of Scotland" }, { "id": "5578080", "text": "(1990) and specially collected in Cowie & Howarth (1996) whose bibliography is reproduced and continued on the internet and provides a rich source of the most recent publications in the field. The basic units of analysis in phraseology are often referred to as phrasemes or \"phraseological units\". Phraseological units are (according to Prof. Kunin A.V.) stable word-groups with partially or fully transferred meanings (\"to kick the bucket\", “Greek gift”, “drink till all's blue”, “drunk as a fiddler (drunk as a lord, as a boiled owl)”, “as mad as a hatter (as a march hare)”). According to Rosemarie Gläser, a phraseological", "title": "Phraseology" }, { "id": "4132287", "text": "motif appears in myth and folklore throughout the world. Variations of this story are told of the earlier Irish high king Lugaid Loígde, in Arthurian legend — one of the most famous versions appears in both Geoffrey Chaucer's The Wife of Bath's Tale and the related Gawain romance, \"The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell\" – and in John Gower's Middle English poem \"Confessio Amantis\". In another story, the succession is not settled when Eochaid dies, and Mongfind's brother Crimthann takes the high kingship. But while he is away on a tour of his lands in Scotland, Mongfind's sons", "title": "Niall of the Nine Hostages" }, { "id": "1498780", "text": "reunion at a fictional women's college at Oxford. Sayers also uses \"Gaudy\" as the name of one of the bells in \"The Nine Tailors\". Gaudy Gaudy or gaudie (from the Latin, \"gaudium\", meaning \"enjoyment\" or \"merry-making\") is a term used to reflect student life in a number of the ancient universities in the United Kingdom as well as other institutions such as Durham University and Reading University. It is generally believed to relate to the traditional student song, De Brevitate Vitae (On the Shortness of Life), which is commonly known as the \"Gaudeamus\" (Let's make merry) by virtue of its", "title": "Gaudy" }, { "id": "6258527", "text": "Babe Paley Barbara \"Babe\" Cushing Mortimer Paley (July 5, 1915 – July 6, 1978) was an American socialite and style icon, whose second husband was the founder of CBS, William S. Paley. She was known by the popular nickname \"Babe\" for most of her life. She was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1958. Born Barbara Cushing in Boston, Massachusetts, she was the daughter of world-renowned brain surgeon Dr. Harvey Cushing, who was professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins, Harvard and Yale universities, and Katharine Stone (née Crowell) Cushing. She grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts.", "title": "Babe Paley" }, { "id": "1731291", "text": "of the exact reasoning behind its official adoption in early 1822. It has been suggested by some Greek historians that the current flag derived from an older design, the virtually identical flag of the powerful Cretan Kallergis family. This flag was based on their coat of arms, whose pattern is supposed to be derived from the standards of their claimed ancestor, Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas (963–969 AD). This pattern (according to not easily verifiable descriptions) included nine stripes of alternating blue and white, as well as a cross, assumed to be placed on the upper left. Although the use", "title": "Flag of Greece" }, { "id": "7416579", "text": "Finley Peter Dunne. He is also credited as being a forerunner of other American humorists like Will Rogers. He also penned the American folk ballad \"Young Charlotte\". Seba Smith is credited with the first recorded use of the word \"scrumptious\". He was also the originator of the saying \"there is more than one way to skin a cat\". Seba Smith Seba Smith (September 14, 1792 – July 28, 1868) was an American humorist and writer. He was married to Elizabeth Oakes Smith, also a writer, and he was the father of Appleton Oaksmith. Born in Buckfield, Maine, Smith graduated from", "title": "Seba Smith" }, { "id": "1560799", "text": "entitled or obliged to wear it opted for more comfortable, casual garments. It gradually fell out of use, firstly among citizens of the lower class, then those of the middle class. Eventually, it was worn only by the highest classes for ceremonial occasions, and by the 5th century, it had been replaced as official costume by the more practical pallium and paenula. The toga was an approximately semi-circular woolen cloth, usually white, worn draped over the shoulders and around the body: the word \"toga\" probably derives from \"tegere\", to cover. It was considered formal wear, and was generally reserved for", "title": "Toga" }, { "id": "4417305", "text": "The Damnation Game (album) The Damnation Game is the second studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, released in 1995 through Zero Corporation (Japan) and Inside Out Music (Europe); a remastered edition was reissued on September 13, 2004 through Inside Out. The album is the band's first to feature current singer Russell Allen, who replaced Rod Tyler after the release of their 1994 self-titled debut album. The middle section of \"Dressed to Kill\", after the guitar solo, cites Johann Sebastian Bach's \"Prelude in C minor (BWV 847)\" from \"The Well-Tempered Clavier\" (Book 1, 1722). Robert Taylor at AllMusic gave", "title": "The Damnation Game (album)" }, { "id": "9725509", "text": "same period. Hypothesized origins of the phrase include: The full monty (phrase) The full monty (or the full Monty) is a British slang phrase of uncertain origin. It is generally used to mean \"everything which is necessary, appropriate or possible; ‘the works’\". Similar North American phrases include \"the whole kit and caboodle\", \"the whole nine yards\", \"the whole ball of wax\", \"the whole enchilada\", \"the whole shebang\", or \"[going] whole hog\". The phrase was first identified in print by the OED in the 1980s. Anecdotal evidence exists for earlier usage; the phrase was also used as the name for some", "title": "The full monty (phrase)" }, { "id": "414258", "text": "among the Ainu people of Japan; some Austroasians of Indochina; Berber women of Tamazgha (North Africa); the Yoruba, Fulani and Hausa people of Nigeria; Native Americans of the Pre-Columbian Americas; and Picts of Iron Age Britain. It is commonly held that the modern popularity of tattooing stems from Captain James Cook's three voyages to the South Pacific in the late 18th century. Certainly, Cook's voyages and the dissemination of the texts and images from them brought more awareness about tattooing (and, as noted above, imported the word \"tattow\" into Western languages). On Cook's first voyage in 1768, his science officer", "title": "Tattoo" }, { "id": "1396047", "text": "West Twenty-third Street in New York City. To her friends and family she was known as \"Pussy Jones.\" She had two older brothers, Frederic Rhinelander, who was sixteen, and Henry Edward, who was twelve. She was baptized April 20, 1862, Easter Sunday, at Grace Church. Wharton's paternal family, the Joneses, were a very wealthy and socially prominent family having made their money in real estate. The saying \"keeping up with the Joneses\" is said to refer to her father's family. She was also related to the Rensselaers, the most prestigious of the old patroon families, who had received land grants", "title": "Edith Wharton" }, { "id": "2970077", "text": "Trooper (band) Trooper is a Canadian rock band that developed from a group formed by vocalist Ramon McGuire and guitarist Brian Smith in 1975. The group is best known for its Canadian hits: \"Raise a Little Hell\", \"We're Here for a Good Time (Not a Long Time)\", \"The Boys in the Bright White Sports Car\", \"General Hand Grenade\", \"3 Dressed Up as a 9\", \"Janine\", \"Two for the Show\", \"Oh, Pretty Lady\", and \"Santa Maria\". 1967, Ra McGuire and Brian Smith played in a band called Winter's Green, which recorded two songs, \"Are You a Monkey\" and \"Jump in the", "title": "Trooper (band)" }, { "id": "11428733", "text": "for a secret elite society, whose public demonstrations would coincide with the annual fair. From Irish poet Thomas Moore, the Slaybacks borrowed the name of the Veiled Prophet of Khorassan; they also incorporated features from the Mystick Krewe of Comus of New Orleans. In their version, the Prophet was a world traveler who had made St. Louis his home base. The first parade, attracting over 50,000 spectators, and grand ball were staged that year on October 8, 1878. The fair was also intended to re-assert the social hierarchy which had been challenged by the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Historian", "title": "Veiled Prophet Ball" }, { "id": "4172605", "text": "Roy Acuff objected that the strip perpetuated stereotypes of hillbilly culture. DeBeck is credited with introducing or popularizing a number of neologisms and catchphrases via \"Barney Google\", including \"heebie-jeebies\", \"horsefeathers\", \"hotsy totsy\", \"balls of fire\", \"time's a-wastin'\", \"touched in the head\", and \"bodacious\". Charles M. Schulz, creator of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip, was nicknamed \"Sparky\" after DeBeck's racehorse character, and DeBeck's drawing style has been an influence on contemporary cartooning and popular culture, and on such later cartoonists as Robert Crumb and Bobby London. The \"Barney Google\" Sunday page for September 18, 1938 was placed in the time capsule at", "title": "Billy DeBeck" }, { "id": "4762980", "text": "state that the song is based on an event where members of the band were denied entry to a club by a bouncer, later returning, dressed in black, to pelt the offender with eggs. Some of the lyrics, such as \"We all dressed in black\" were reused in the \"Paul's Boutique\" song \"Egg Man\". The \"Some Old Bullshit\" compilation includes an alternate version taped from Tim Sommer's \"Noise The Show\" radio program. Two tracks from \"Polly Wog Stew\" also appeared on the 1982 ROIR cassette compilation \"New York Thrash\". Polly Wog Stew Polly Wog Stew is a 1982 EP by", "title": "Polly Wog Stew" }, { "id": "4694761", "text": "Jane Engelhard Jane Engelhard (August 12, 1917 – February 29, 2004), born Marie Antoinette Jeanne Reiss, was an American philanthropist, best known for her marriage to billionaire industrialist Charles W. Engelhard Jr., as well as her donation of an elaborate 18th-century Neapolitan crêche to the White House in 1967. She was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1972. Born in Qingdao, China, she was a daughter of Hugo Reiss (1879–?), a prominent Shanghai-based, German-born Jewish businessman who was an executive at his family's British fabric-and-small-arms wholesale firm, G. Reiss & Co. Ltd. and served as", "title": "Jane Engelhard" }, { "id": "6945984", "text": "bouquet of white carnations and red roses, accompanied by photographs of a murdered woman. She also receives some rather creepy emails. Based on the Apusenjas' description of his habits, Stephanie identifies Singh's only friend, an Indian man named Howie that works at a nearby McDonald's. While she is questioning him outside the restaurant, a passing motorist shoots him between the eyes. Stephanie only gets more nervous when she questions Lillian Paressi's friend, who remembers that Lillian also received a bouquet of carnations and roses. Andrew Cone excitedly calls Stephanie to tell her that Singh has applied for a job in", "title": "To the Nines (novel)" }, { "id": "6238408", "text": "which noted: Hot Cross Buns Hot Cross Buns is an English language nursery rhyme, Easter song, and street cry referring to the spiced English bun known as a hot cross bun, which is associated with the end of Lent and is eaten on Good Friday in various countries. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 13029. The most common modern version is: The earliest record of the rhyme is in \"Christmas Box\", published in London in 1798. However, there are earlier references to the rhyme as a street cry in London, for example in the \"Poor Robin's Almanack\"", "title": "Hot Cross Buns" }, { "id": "43458", "text": "Brian De Palma Brian Russell De Palma (born September 11, 1940) is an American film director and screenwriter. In a career spanning over 50 years, he is best known for his work in genres such as suspense, psychological thriller, and crime drama. His prominent films include mainstream box office hits such as \"Carrie\" (1976), \"Dressed to Kill\" (1980), \"Scarface\" (1983), \"The Untouchables\" (1987), and \"\" (1996), as well as cult favorites such as \"Sisters\" (1973), \"Blow Out\" (1981), \"Body Double\" (1984), \"Carlito's Way\" (1993), and \"Femme Fatale\" (2002). De Palma is often cited as a leading member of the New", "title": "Brian De Palma" }, { "id": "1785934", "text": "still occasionally paraded himself at court dressed in the \"antique mode\" to identify himself also as one of the \"Neuf Preux\". The 1459 Ingeram Codex presents the coat of arms of the Nine Worthies among a larger list of attributed arms of exemplary individuals, as the three \"better Jews\", \"best pagans\" and \"best Christians\" alongside the arms attributed to three heroes of King David (glossed as \"the first coats of arms\"), the Three Magi, the \"three mildest princes\", the \"three worst tyrants\" (Nebuchadnezzar, Antiochos Epiphanes and Nero), \"three patient ones\" (Alphonse the Wise, Job and Saint Eustachius), \"three anointed kings\"", "title": "Nine Worthies" }, { "id": "11712941", "text": "on the instruments of the Passion, and the shield of the Trinity. Medieval literature attributed coats of arms to the Nine Worthies, including Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and King Arthur. Arms were given to many kings predating heraldry, including Edward the Confessor and William I of England. These attributed arms were sometimes used in practice as quarterings in the arms of their descendants. Attributed or imaginary arms appeared in literature in the middle of the 12th century, particularly in Arthurian legends. During the generation following Chrétien de Troyes, about 40 of Arthur's knights had attributed coats of arms (Pastoreau", "title": "Attributed arms" }, { "id": "3578411", "text": "An Essay on Criticism An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744). It is the source of the famous quotations \"To err is human, to forgive divine,\" \"A little learning is a dang'rous thing\" (frequently misquoted as \"A little knowledge is a dang'rous thing\"), and \"Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.\" It first appeared in 1711 after having been written in 1709, and it is clear from Pope's correspondence that many of the poem's ideas had existed in prose form since at least 1706. Composed in heroic", "title": "An Essay on Criticism" }, { "id": "5540118", "text": "James Oppenheim James Oppenheim (1882–1932) was an American poet, novelist, and editor. A lay analyst and early follower of Carl Jung, Oppenheim was also the founder and editor of \"The Seven Arts\", an important early 20th-century literary magazine. He was a well-known writer of short stories and novels. His poetry followed Walt Whitman's model of free verse ruminations on \"social and democratic aspects of life\". Oppenheim depicted labor troubles with Fabian and suffragist themes in his novel, \"The Nine-Tenths\" (1911) and in his famous poem \"Bread and Roses\" (1911). The slogan \"Bread and Roses\" is now commonly associated with the", "title": "James Oppenheim" }, { "id": "15497471", "text": "Sunderland. He joined the military forces and at the age of 20 was promoted to Lieutenant. He served in the Boer War and some years after was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel. He was also served in the First World War and retired after it finished in 1918. In 1904 he married Doris Kathleen Benskin who was the daughter of the wealthy brewery owner Thomas Benskin. Doris was born in 1880 to Thomas and Alice Benskin. It is she who is credited with inventing the current Benskin trademark of a waving pennant. In 1910 William was appointed to the position of Managing", "title": "High Elms Manor" }, { "id": "18857489", "text": "Into That Good Night Into That Good Night is the season 9 finale of \"Roseanne\" and was the original show's series finale until the revival and the tenth season premiered in 2018. The episode aired May 20, 1997 on ABC. After a panned season, this episode undid all the plot progressions since the Conners winning the lottery by claiming it was all a fictionalization. This confused and annoyed many critics, and it remains one of the most controversial finales of all time. The title refers to the poem \"Do not go gentle into that good night\" by Dylan Thomas. The", "title": "Into That Good Night" }, { "id": "1413446", "text": "admired and imitated and caused this saying to be often repeated. It was used by General James Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham, when his troops defeated Montcalm's army on September 13, 1759. The earliest similar quote came from the Battle of Dettingen on June 27, 1743, where Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Andrew Agnew of Lochnaw warned his Regiment, the Royal Scots Fusiliers, not to fire until they could \"see the white of their e'en.\" The phrase was also used by Prince Charles of Prussia in 1745, and repeated in 1755 by Frederick the Great, and may have been mentioned in histories", "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill" }, { "id": "4467918", "text": "Polyphonic Spree. In the book, Hornby describes the people who run \"The Believer\" as being \"all dressed in white robes and smiling maniacally, sort of like a literary equivalent of the Polyphonic Spree.\" (pg. 30) There are three follow-up books, \"Housekeeping vs. The Dirt\" (2006), \"Shakespeare Wrote for Money\" (2008) and \"More Baths Less Talking\" (2012). Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read:", "title": "The Polysyllabic Spree" }, { "id": "9149346", "text": "that the bra was invented by a man named Otto Titzling (\"tit sling\") who lost a lawsuit with \"Phillip de Bra\" (\"fill up the bra\"). This originated with the 1971 book \"Bust-Up: The Uplifting Tale of Otto Titzling and the Development of the Bra\" and was propagated in a comedic song from the movie \"Beaches\". In 1964, Danish Fashion historian Rudolf Kristian Albert Broby-Johansen wrote that the topless look, which liberated breasts from bras, should be treated seriously. He asserted that it was a way for a new generation of women to express themselves. In 1969, he wrote an article", "title": "History of bras" }, { "id": "6722531", "text": "verb to mean \"to cull\", \"to thrash\", \"to lie in rings or spirals\", \"to turn\", \"to mound hay\" and \"to stir\". As a noun it has meant \"a selection\", \"a spiral\", \"the breech of a gun\", \"a mound of hay\", \"a pen for hens\", and \"noisy disturbance, fuss, ado\". It is in this last sense, which became popular in the 16th century, that Shakespeare used the word. \"Mortal coil\"—along with \"the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune\", \"to sleep, perchance to dream\" and \"ay, there’s the rub\"—is part of Hamlet’s famous \"To be, or not to be\" speech. Arthur Schopenhauer,", "title": "Mortal coil" }, { "id": "428567", "text": "1789, while introducing to the House of Representatives nineteen draft Amendments, James Madison addressed what would become the Ninth Amendment as follows: Like Alexander Hamilton, Madison was concerned that enumerating various rights could \"enlarge the powers delegated by the constitution.\" To attempt to solve this problem, Madison submitted this draft to Congress: This was an intermediate form of the Ninth Amendment that borrowed language from the Virginia proposal, while foreshadowing the final version. The final text of the Ninth Amendment, like Madison's draft, speaks of other rights than those enumerated in the Constitution. The character of those other rights was", "title": "Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "43374", "text": "tab, loop or handle at the top known as a bootstrap, allowing one to use fingers or a boot hook tool to help pulling the boots on. The saying \"to \" was already in use during the 19 century as an example of an impossible task. The idiom dates at least to 1834, when it appeared in the \"Workingman's Advocate\": \"It is conjectured that Mr. Murphee will now be enabled to hand himself over the Cumberland river or a barn yard fence by the straps of his boots.\" In 1860 it appeared in a comment on philosophy of mind: \"The", "title": "Bootstrapping" }, { "id": "4106760", "text": "Roses Are Red \"Roses Are Red\" can refer to a specific poem, or a class of poems inspired by that poem. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19798. It is most commonly used as a love poem. Roses are red, Violets are blue, Sugar is sweet, And so are you. The origins of the poem may be traced at least as far back as to the following lines written in 1590 by Sir Edmund Spenser from his epic \"The Faerie Queene\" (Book Three, Canto 6, Stanza 6): A nursery rhyme significantly closer to the modern cliché Valentine's", "title": "Roses Are Red" }, { "id": "3599363", "text": "Eleftheria i thanatos Eleftheria i thanatos (, pronounced , \"freedom or death\") is the motto of Greece. The motto arose during the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s, where it was a war cry for the Greeks who rebelled against Ottoman rule. It was adopted after the Greek War of Independence. It is still in use today, and is a popular theory regarding the use of 9 stripes (for the nine syllables of the motto) in the Greek flag, the five blue stripes for the syllables \"Έλευθερία\" and the four white stripes \"ή Θάνατος\". The motto symbolized and still", "title": "Eleftheria i thanatos" }, { "id": "13745566", "text": "the rest of the nature preserve. Ben urges Alex to sell the land and live handsomely for the rest of his life on the profits. Alex agrees to think about it, and leaves. As Alex returns to the gallery, he comes across Jax again and his adventure truly begins. Jax tries to convince Alex of the truth of her story. They discuss the meaning of the name Alexander: Saviour of Men, in relation to a prophecy stating that Alex will have to save another world; the world Jax comes from. As events unfold that open Alex' mind to all the", "title": "The Law of Nines" } ]

[ "Paul \"Puma\" Robinson" ]

[ { "id": "6900081", "text": "him from time to time in his appearances in \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\" series. He was associated with the superhero team known as the Outlaws for a time, and was later one of the main characters in the \"MODOK's 11\" limited series. Puma's real name is Thomas Fireheart, and he is of Native American descent. The tribe he belongs to (located near Hartsdale, New Mexico; \"Marvel Westerns: Western Legends\" suggests that the tribe may be the Kisani, as one of Puma's ancestors belonged to that tribe and lived at Lost Mesa) has had an ancient prophecy of the coming of a", "title": "Puma (comics)" }, { "id": "6900080", "text": "Puma (comics) Puma (Thomas Fireheart) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as a villain initially, although he gained a great respect for Spider-Man and became his occasional ally. Puma first appeared in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #256 and was created by Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz. The inspiration for the character comes from safari cards bought by Tom DeFalco. In the Puma's earliest appearances, he acted as a mercenary, and an antagonist to Spider-Man, but soon came to respect him. Puma was then depicted as an ally of Spider-Man, assisting", "title": "Puma (comics)" }, { "id": "4263476", "text": "Ernie Sabella Ernest \"Ernie\" Sabella (born September 19, 1949) is an American actor and voice actor, who is best known for his role as the voice of Pumbaa from \"The Lion King\" franchise. He is also known for his work in Broadway theatre, including starring roles in \"Guys and Dolls\" and \"Man of La Mancha\". Born in Westchester, New York, Sabella graduated from Westlake High School in Thornwood, New York and from the University of Miami, where he studied at the Department of Theatre Arts and performed at the university's Jerry Herman Ring Theatre. His stage credits include \"The Robber", "title": "Ernie Sabella" }, { "id": "7248676", "text": "Jackie Gleason Show\", with a collection of some of those songs, which reached number one on \"Billboard\" magazine's Top LP's chart in 1963. Actor Lennie Weinrib imitated the \"Crazy Guggenheim\" character on \"The Dick Van Dyke Show\" episode \"The Sam Pomerantz Scandals\". He also was the voice of Rocky the Rhino in Walt Disney's \"The Jungle Book\" until Disney cut the creature from the picture. Fontaine was a lifelong non-drinker in his private life. Stan Freberg's voice characterization for Pete Puma, a would-be nemesis for Bugs Bunny in the 1952 cartoon short \"Rabbit's Kin\", was based on Fontaine's character voice,", "title": "Frank Fontaine" }, { "id": "6900088", "text": "mental and physical health by another character named Nocturne (not the Exiles character Nocturne). Puma was seen in the Bloodsport competition. He made it to the semi-final round, but was defeated by Wolverine. He was next seen teaming up with Spider-Man and the Black Cat to stop Stegron from \"de-evolving\" the population of New York. After this Puma began a relationship with the Black Cat (as shown they were both in bed) although he notices Felicia may still have feelings for Peter Parker. After the events of \"Civil War\", he was seen helping Spider-Man escort Prowler out of the Bar", "title": "Puma (comics)" }, { "id": "14506931", "text": "Puma King Puma, formerly Puma King (born July 6, 1990) is a Mexican \"Luchador\" \"enmascarado\", or masked professional wrestler best known for his time working for the Mexico City-based professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). Puma frequently teams with his brother, \"luchador\" Tiger. Puma's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. He is part of the Casas wrestling family, son of El Felino, using a ring character and a mask very similar to", "title": "Puma King" }, { "id": "6900091", "text": "up an offer from Nightshade to help his legal defense; any long-term effects from the serum are unknown. During the \"Secret Empire\" storyline, Puma is seen as a member of the Underground when Hydra took over the United States. Puma possesses a number of superhuman attributes that are a result of a combination of genetic engineering and mysticism. Thomas Fireheart is the latest in a line of Native Americans that were specially matched and bred to produce a perfect human being. That genetic manipulation was enhanced by an unknown supernatural process through which his tribe endowed him with magical abilities.", "title": "Puma (comics)" }, { "id": "4263481", "text": "programmer in their home town. Ernie Sabella Ernest \"Ernie\" Sabella (born September 19, 1949) is an American actor and voice actor, who is best known for his role as the voice of Pumbaa from \"The Lion King\" franchise. He is also known for his work in Broadway theatre, including starring roles in \"Guys and Dolls\" and \"Man of La Mancha\". Born in Westchester, New York, Sabella graduated from Westlake High School in Thornwood, New York and from the University of Miami, where he studied at the Department of Theatre Arts and performed at the university's Jerry Herman Ring Theatre. His", "title": "Ernie Sabella" }, { "id": "3672317", "text": "has been a public company since 1986, listed at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. French luxury group Kering (formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR) holds 16%, Kering's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital. Since 1 July 2013, the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden (CEO). As of 2017, Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries. Following the split from his brother, Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as \"Ruda\", but later changed the name to \"Puma\". Puma's earliest logo consisted of a", "title": "Puma (brand)" }, { "id": "6900089", "text": "With No Name. He has also been seen helping Black Cat from the sidelines. She has decided to help Peter Parker, who is on the run after the events of the \"Civil War\". Together, Puma and Black Cat neutralize the drunken rampage of the Rhino, mostly through sheer bluffing. Puma also attended training at Camp Hammond. Fireheart was then accused of federal bribery (which so far appears to be a frame job) and his assets frozen; forbidden by his tribe from taking any contract kills, he has joined MODOK's 11 to get the cash he needs to defend himself in", "title": "Puma (comics)" }, { "id": "6180346", "text": "been accused of obscenity for the racy book \"A Nymph and Her Muse\". In India her portrait is painted by the Indian artist Nirad while she fends off the attentions of a dashing but dimwitted scion of the British Raj. But her bravado hides the knowledge that she is severely ill with tuberculosis. In the 1980s, American academic Eldon Pike seeks out Flora's younger sister Eleanor to discover the truth about the end of the poet's life — she died in India soon after meeting Nirad. Eleanor, who married an Englishman she met at Flora's grave and became a staunch", "title": "Indian Ink" }, { "id": "14506940", "text": "Liga Elite. The trio defeated Team AAA (Psycho Clown, El Hijo del Fantasma and Rey Wagner). Puma made a cameo appearance on the October 4, 2018 airing of IMPACT Wrestling during Scarlett Bordeaux's The Smoke Show, talent search edition, which also featured Jack Evans, Trevor Lee and Petey Williams. This set up an X Division match between these four the following week, which Williams won by pinning Lee.Both editions of IMPACT were taped September 13-14 at Mexico City's Frontón México Entertainment Center. Puma King Puma, formerly Puma King (born July 6, 1990) is a Mexican \"Luchador\" \"enmascarado\", or masked professional", "title": "Puma King" }, { "id": "6180345", "text": "Vahdat (Anish). Art Malik has been closely associated with the play, taking the role of Nirad in the original London production and in the 1999 American premiere which took place at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. Felicity Kendal originated the role of Flora, originally in the radio play and then on stage, which Irish actressNiamh Cusack played in London's Aldwych Theatre in the West End. In 1930, the year of Gandhi's Salt March, British poet Flora Crewe travels to India for her health. Flora is a thoroughly modern girl who has modeled for Modigliani, hobnobbed with communists, and", "title": "Indian Ink" }, { "id": "12828856", "text": "hardcore boy–girl debut in the 2005 video \"School of Hardcore\" by the studio AntiInnocence Video, with whom she was previously a contract performer. She has received a 2009 AVN Award nomination for Web Starlet of the Year, and a 2009 XBiz Award nomination for Web Babe/Starlet of the Year. In 2010, she made her first mainstream film appearance, a cameo in the comedy \"The 41-Year-Old Virgin Who Knocked Up Sarah Marshall and Felt Superbad About It\" with comedian/actor Bryan Callen, formerly of MADtv fame. In October 2012, Swede released her autobiography published by Lind & Co. The autobiography tells the", "title": "Puma Swede" }, { "id": "4694269", "text": "Inque Inque (pronounced \"ink\") is a fictional character from the DCAU series \"Batman Beyond\". She is a femme fatale and a shapeshifting saboteur whose body is an inky substance she can shape into a variety of forms or liquify herself to slip through cracks and slide across surfaces. In some ways, Inque can be compared to the original Batman villain Clayface. She was voiced by actress Shannon Kenny. In every one of Inque's five appearances, she proved to be one of Batman's most formidable adversaries, as Batman was not able to defeat her alone, requiring assistance from Bruce Wayne (twice),", "title": "Inque" }, { "id": "7614420", "text": "film \"The Court Jester\", and three years later he played the lead role of a gunfighting vampire in the horror film \"Curse of the Undead\". He played parts as well in the 1957 television series \"Zorro\" along with Guy Williams in episodes 27 and 28. Pate in 1963 played the role of Puma, the Comanche chief in Andrew V. McLaglen's western \"McLintock!\", playing again opposite John Wayne. During his time in the United States, Pate became an acting instructor and lecturer, and wrote many screenplays and plays for American films and television series, including \"Rawhide\" (\"Incident of the Power and", "title": "Michael Pate" }, { "id": "16499772", "text": "favorites include portraits of his mother and grandfather on his chest and a tiger on the front of his neck, which represents his Chinese birth sign. He showed off his tattoos for one of PETA's \"Ink Not Mink\" anti-fur ads in 2013. Kid Ink has been dating model Asiah Azante for over a decade. The couple became engaged in June 2015. Azante gave birth to a girl in February 2016. Kid Ink Brian Todd Collins (born April 1, 1986), best known by his stage name Kid Ink is an American rapper, singer, and record producer from Los Angeles, California. Collins", "title": "Kid Ink" }, { "id": "4402928", "text": "Black Mamba (comics) Black Mamba (Tanya Sealy) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She first appeared in \"Marvel Two-in-One\" #64 (June 1980) created by writers Mark Gruenwald and Ralph Macchio. The character is most closely associated with the Serpent Society and BAD Girls, Inc. but has also been a member of the Masters of Evil, the Femizons and the Women Warriors. Her first mission was for the Roxxon Oil Company, which had given her her super powers. Alongside with Anaconda, Death Adder and SIdewinder they attempted to steal the Serpent Crown", "title": "Black Mamba (comics)" }, { "id": "6398780", "text": "Purgatori Purgatori is a fictional comic book character, created by writer Brian Pulido and artist Steven Hughes. A crimson-skinned, winged vampire goddess, she first appeared in \"\" #1 (October 1994), published by Chaos! Comics. She has since appeared in books published by Devil's Due Publishing (2005-2006). The intellectual property (IP) for future works was bought by Dynamite Entertainment in May 2010 and in March 2011, Dynamite Entertainment President Nick Barrucci stated in 2012 they will publish new series of both Purgatori and Lady Demon, but expressed a desire not to rush the roll-out of these Chaos! Comics revamps. Purgatori was", "title": "Purgatori" }, { "id": "17005585", "text": "returning August 24, 2015 for eight more episodes and a reunion special on October 19, 2015. The show was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on April 4, 2016. Black Ink Crew Black Ink Crew is an American reality television series that airs on VH1 and debuted on January 7, 2013. It chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at an African American-owned and operated tattoo shop in Harlem, New York. The spinoff \"\" premiered October 26, 2015. On August 20, 2018, the series was renewed for a seventh season, which premiered on September 19, 2018. \"Black Ink Crew\"", "title": "Black Ink Crew" }, { "id": "9588471", "text": "only appearance is \"The Horse Whisperer\". His name means \"devil\" in Spanish. He also has a wavy mane and tail. He is voiced by D. Kevin Williams. Puma is a buckskin mustang stallion staying at Horseland to be tamed by Will. His mane and tail are black with white stripes. His only appearance is in the episode \"Wild Horses\". He tells Aztec about what it's like living in the wild, which prompts Aztec to run away. Puma, however, loved the wonderful treatment he was given at Horseland. It is mentioned that he loves oats, which is shown in the same", "title": "Horseland (TV series)" }, { "id": "19966186", "text": "Squad\", he received an Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling at 89th Academy Awards. Christopher Nelson (make-up artist) Christopher Allen Nelson is an American make-up artist, VFX artist, writer and actor. He is best known for his makeup and stylings for films such as \"\", \"\", \"\", \"Sin City\", \"\", \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", \"World War Z\", \"Deadpool\", \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" and \"Suicide Squad\" (2016) has earned him numerous awards and nominations. He also played the groom of Beatrix \"Black Mamba\" Kiddo in \"Kill Bill: Volume 2\". He won two consecutive Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Make-up", "title": "Christopher Nelson (make-up artist)" }, { "id": "6398781", "text": "born in Egypt around 1390 BC, and raised in the city of Alexandria. Her parentage is unknown, save that she has the blood of the Fallen Angels in her veins. Her human name is Sakkara, and she was part of the team of slaves that built the burial tomb for Queen Ostraca. Sakkara's job was to grind corn all day under the desert sun, and she was constantly whipped by the brutish male guards. Amongst the slaves was a foreigner, an old man of Celtic origin who told Sakkara he knew a way to escape slavery and achieve immortality. One", "title": "Purgatori" }, { "id": "12828855", "text": "Puma Swede Johanna Jussinniemi (born 13 September 1976), better known by her stage name Puma Swede, is a Swedish pornographic actress and feature dancer. The first part of her stage name comes from the sports car, the Ford Puma. Since 2005, she has appeared in over 200 movies. She is of Finnish descent, as both her parents were originally from Finland, and she has resided in California since 2004. Swede worked as a computer sales representative in Sweden and later on as a glamour model before moving into adult films. She initially only performed in girl–girl scenes, but made her", "title": "Puma Swede" }, { "id": "8506934", "text": "Kat Von D Katherine von Drachenberg, known as Kat Von D (born March 8, 1982), is an American tattoo artist, model, musician, author, entrepreneur, and television personality. She is best known for her work as a tattoo artist on the TLC reality television show \"LA Ink\", which premiered in the United States on August 7, 2007, and ran for four seasons. She is also known for her cosmetics line that launched in 2008. Von D was born in Montemorelos, Nuevo León, Mexico. Her Seventh-day Adventist Church missionary parents, father René and mother Sylvia Galeano, were born in Argentina, and are", "title": "Kat Von D" }, { "id": "14106074", "text": "Dolly Minhas Dolly Minhas (; born 8 February 1968) is an Indian actress and former model, well known for winning the Miss India Universe contest in 1988. She has acted in Hindi, Punjabi, and Kannada films. She has also worked in Hindi TV shows. She is currently acting in \"Dil Se Dil Tak\" as Ambika Purushottam Bhanushali, the matriarch of the Bhanushali family. She belongs to Punjab and was raised in Chandigarh. She fell in love with the director of her first film, Anil Mattoo, whom she eventually married. She later acted in some Punjabi and Kannada films and Hindi", "title": "Dolly Minhas" }, { "id": "17005584", "text": "Black Ink Crew Black Ink Crew is an American reality television series that airs on VH1 and debuted on January 7, 2013. It chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at an African American-owned and operated tattoo shop in Harlem, New York. The spinoff \"\" premiered October 26, 2015. On August 20, 2018, the series was renewed for a seventh season, which premiered on September 19, 2018. \"Black Ink Crew\" second season premiered on September 23, 2013, with the season returning on March 31, 2014, for five more episodes. The third season premiered on January 26, 2015, with the season", "title": "Black Ink Crew" }, { "id": "4763526", "text": "Black Manta Black Manta (David Hyde) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Bob Haney and Nick Cardy, the character first appeared in \"Aquaman\" #35 (September 1967). He is a ruthless underwater-based mercenary and killer who is usually depicted as the archenemy of the superhero Aquaman. The character has been substantially adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including several cartoon television series, animated movies, and video games. Black Manta made his live-action cinematic debut in the 2018 DC Extended Universe film \"Aquaman\", portrayed by Yahya Abdul-Mateen II. Black Manta", "title": "Black Manta" }, { "id": "15117327", "text": "Alana Austin Alana Austin (born April 6, 1982) is an American film and television actress. She played the role of Abby Logan in the sitcom \"Ink\" and starred in the Disney Channel Original film \"Motocrossed\". Austin was born in Palm Springs, California. She is the daughter of Steven Kent Austin a film producer who was the founder and chairman of the now-defunct Tag Entertainment. Austin made her major acting debut in the 1992 TV film \"Criminal Behavior\" starring Farrah Fawcett. Three subsequent 1993 TV films followed before co-starring in the 1994 theatrical film \"North\". She then co-starred in the film", "title": "Alana Austin" }, { "id": "13961272", "text": "film to a large audience and led to higher DVD and Blu-ray sales in return. Ink (film) Ink is a 2009 American science fiction fantasy film, written and directed by Jamin Winans, starring Chris Kelly, Quinn Hunchar and Jessica Duffy. It was produced by Winans's own independent production company, Double Edge Films, with Kiowa K. Winans, and shot by cinematographer Jeff Pointer in locations around Denver, Colorado. The film premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival on January 23, 2009, and has screened in Denver, the Cancun Film Festival (where it won the Best International Feature award), Rams Head", "title": "Ink (film)" }, { "id": "9589550", "text": "Puma (genus) Puma is a genus in the family Felidae that contains the cougar (also known as the puma, among other names), and may also include several poorly known Old World fossil representatives (for example, \"Puma pardoides\", or Owen's panther, a large, cougar-like cat of Eurasia's Pliocene). In addition to these potential Old World fossils, a few New World fossil representatives are possible, such as \"Puma pumoides\" and the two proposed species of the so-called \"American cheetah\". Pumas are large, secretive cats. They are also commonly known as cougars and mountain lions, and are able to reach larger sizes than", "title": "Puma (genus)" }, { "id": "8506947", "text": "film, and video game appearances include: Kat Von D Katherine von Drachenberg, known as Kat Von D (born March 8, 1982), is an American tattoo artist, model, musician, author, entrepreneur, and television personality. She is best known for her work as a tattoo artist on the TLC reality television show \"LA Ink\", which premiered in the United States on August 7, 2007, and ran for four seasons. She is also known for her cosmetics line that launched in 2008. Von D was born in Montemorelos, Nuevo León, Mexico. Her Seventh-day Adventist Church missionary parents, father René and mother Sylvia Galeano,", "title": "Kat Von D" }, { "id": "9589553", "text": "a body weight typically between 115 and 220 lb. Females can reach around 6.7 ft from nose to tail, and a body weight between 64 and 141 lb. They also have tails ranging from 25 to 37 in long. The heads of these cats are round, with erect ears. They have powerful forequarters, necks, and jaws which help grasp and hold prey. They have four retractable claws on their fore paws, and also their hind paws. The majority of pumas are found in more mountainous regions, so they have a thick fur coat to help retain body heat during freezing", "title": "Puma (genus)" }, { "id": "15252427", "text": "this role she was featured in the 2017 stage production of \"Ink\", played by Pearl Chanda and directed by Rupert Goold, at the Almeida Theatre, London. Marrian was a glamour model throughout the 1970s, appearing topless and nude in magazines, papers and calendars world-wide. Along with two other Page Three models, Gillian Duxbury and Mona Solomons, she was a member of a pop group called Page Three. Marrian was born in Singapore to an Indian father and an English mother; other sources erroneously stated that she was German and her birth surname was Rahn. In her late teens Marrian was", "title": "Stephanie Marrian" }, { "id": "7036030", "text": "during his first two years. In 2001, Perkins began training at New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW)'s Inoki Dojo in Los Angeles along with Ricky Reyes, Rocky Romero, and Bryan Danielson. They all made their debut in NJPW on the same Korakuen Hall card in October 2002, with Perkins debuting as the maskless \"Pinoy Boy\" T.J. Perkins. At the age of 18 in 2003, following his third tour with NJPW, he was given the gimmick (character) of Puma, a masked character with similarities to Tiger Mask, and he began teaming with Tiger Mask IV. Perkins stated the character was created due to", "title": "T. J. Perkins" }, { "id": "6614351", "text": "The Bride (Kill Bill) Beatrix Kiddo (primarily known as The Bride), codename Black Mamba, is a fictional character, the protagonist of the two-part movie \"Kill Bill\" directed by Quentin Tarantino. She is portrayed by Uma Thurman. Kiddo was selected by \"Empire\" magazine as one of \"The 100 Greatest Movie Characters\" of all time, and \"Entertainment Weekly\" named her as one of \"The 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years\". According to Uma Thurman, the character was created collaboratively during the filming of \"Pulp Fiction,\" with Thurman providing the character's first name and Tarantino her last name. After the release", "title": "The Bride (Kill Bill)" }, { "id": "4263480", "text": "2008. He played the role of apartment building superintendent Leon in the 9th episode \"Hold Outs\" of the 6th season (2015) of the CBS police procedural drama \"Blue Bloods\". In 2015, Sabella reprised his voice role as Pumbaa in the TV pilot movie \"The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar\". In 2016, Sabella became a full-time cast member for the Disney Junior television series \"The Lion Guard\". Sabella met his wife Cheryl backstage during a Broadway performance of \"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\" in 1996, they married in 1999. His wife works as a computer", "title": "Ernie Sabella" }, { "id": "12828857", "text": "cautious tale of her life paying specific attention to her childhood growing up, her introduction into the adult industry and her troubled relationship then inevitable divorce from Sunit Patel. In 2014, she made an appearance in the third episode of the seventh season of \"Sons of Anarchy\". She makes an appearance as \"Skankenstein\" in the first film produced by the club's porn studio along with Jenna Jameson. In 2014 she appeared in two episodes of the Swedish reality series \"Svenska Hollywoodfruar\" as a friend to Åsa Vesterlund. Swede received attention in January 2016 when the newspaper \"Aftonbladet\" publicized articles about", "title": "Puma Swede" }, { "id": "13130663", "text": "Jenner herself. However, Jenner subsequently denied any involvement with the band. In May 2016, she made her musical debut rapping on producer Burberry Perry's song \"Beautiful Day\", with Lil Yachty, model Jordyn Woods, and Justine Skye. In fall of 2016, Jenner was announced to be the new face of PUMA along with Rae Sremmurd. In April 2017, she made a surprise appearance at the Rio Americano High School prom in Sacramento alongside junior Albert Ochoa after hearing that his date had turned him down. In June 2017, Jenner announced two new cosmetics sets in collaboration with her sister Khloe Kardashian", "title": "Kylie Jenner" }, { "id": "19966185", "text": "Christopher Nelson (make-up artist) Christopher Allen Nelson is an American make-up artist, VFX artist, writer and actor. He is best known for his makeup and stylings for films such as \"\", \"\", \"\", \"Sin City\", \"\", \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", \"World War Z\", \"Deadpool\", \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" and \"Suicide Squad\" (2016) has earned him numerous awards and nominations. He also played the groom of Beatrix \"Black Mamba\" Kiddo in \"Kill Bill: Volume 2\". He won two consecutive Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Make-up Non prosthetic AND Prosthetic for a Limited Series or Movie for \"\", and for \"Suicide", "title": "Christopher Nelson (make-up artist)" }, { "id": "4540906", "text": "Viva Rock Vegas\", Wilma was played by Kristen Johnston. Wilma Flintstone Wilma Flintstone is a fictional character in the television animated series \"The Flintstones\". Wilma is the red-headed wife of caveman Fred Flintstone, daughter of Pearl Slaghoople, and mother of Pebbles Flintstone. Her best friend is her next door neighbor, Betty. Wilma's personality is based on that of Alice Kramden, wife of Ralph Kramden on the 1950s television series \"The Honeymooners\". Much like Alice, Wilma plays the strong-willed, level-headed person in her marriage, often criticizing Fred for pursuing his various ill-fated schemes. Wilma is often the one to bail out", "title": "Wilma Flintstone" }, { "id": "12138265", "text": "Taguchi Japan. His mannerisms were interpreted as meaning he had wrestled his final NJPW match. On November 8, Ricochet confirmed he had wrestled his final match in Japan. In September 2014, it was reported that Mann had signed with the El Rey network's new television series, \"Lucha Underground\". He assumed a masked character by the ring name of Prince Puma. He was given a fictional Latino background and managed by Konnan, with him doing most of the talking on his behalf. Puma wrestled in the main event of the debut episode of \"Lucha Underground\" on October 29, losing to Johnny", "title": "Ricochet (wrestler)" }, { "id": "20343363", "text": "\"The World Jewish Digest\", \"Hadassah\", \"Nashim\", \"Zeek\", \"Kveller\", and \"Tablet\". Ilana Kurshan Ilana Kurshan is an American-Israeli author who lives in Jerusalem. She is best known for her memoir of Talmud study amidst life as a single woman, a married woman, and a mother, \"If All the Seas Were Ink.\" Kurshan was raised on Long Island as the daughter of a Conservative rabbi and an executive at UJA-Federation of New York. She graduated from Huntington High School, Harvard College, and Cambridge University, where she studied the History of Science and English Literature. She worked as an editor and literary agent", "title": "Ilana Kurshan" }, { "id": "13961258", "text": "Ink (film) Ink is a 2009 American science fiction fantasy film, written and directed by Jamin Winans, starring Chris Kelly, Quinn Hunchar and Jessica Duffy. It was produced by Winans's own independent production company, Double Edge Films, with Kiowa K. Winans, and shot by cinematographer Jeff Pointer in locations around Denver, Colorado. The film premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival on January 23, 2009, and has screened in Denver, the Cancun Film Festival (where it won the Best International Feature award), Rams Head Onstage in Baltimore and in a number of independent movie houses in cities around the", "title": "Ink (film)" }, { "id": "375972", "text": "nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for her role in \"Beatriz at Dinner\". Hayek's recent films include \"Grown Ups\" (2010), \"Puss in Boots\" (2011), \"Grown Ups 2\" (2013), \"Tale of Tales\" (2015) and \"The Hitman's Bodyguard\" (2017). Salma Hayek Jiménez was born in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico. Her younger brother, Sami (born 1972), is a furniture designer. Her mother, Diana Jiménez Medina, is an opera singer and talent scout. Her father, Sami Hayek Domínguez, is an oil company executive and owner of an industrial-equipment firm, who once ran for mayor of Coatzacoalcos. Her father is Mexican of Christian Lebanese descent, with", "title": "Salma Hayek" }, { "id": "14825830", "text": "Amrita Puri Amrita Puri (born 20 August 1983) is an Indian film actress who is known for her roles in the critical and commercially successful Bollywood films like \"Aisha\" (2010), \"Blood Money\" (2012) and \"Kai Po Che!\" (2013). After completing her post-graduation, Puri started her career through writing and doing theatre, with her first play being Quasar Thakore Padamsee's English play \"Retellings View From The Stage\". For a year she did copywriting for advertising agency Ogilvy along with freelancing for lifestyle magazine. After getting her portfolio done by Dilip Bhatia, she started auditioning for movies and ad films. Soon she", "title": "Amrita Puri" }, { "id": "12235805", "text": "Jemma Palmer Jemma \"Jem\" Palmer (born 10 April 1986) is an English model and professional wrestler. She was signed to WWE under the ring names Jemma Palmer and Penelope Carwin in the FCW brand promotion. She is also best known by the name Inferno, which she used in the 2008 British television series \"Gladiators\". Palmer grew up modelling under the encouragement of her mother, winning the Little Miss Midlands and Miss Littlesea competitions as a child. As an adult she entered a number of competitions, becoming a finalist in the 2006 Musclemania Britain which she later won, Miss Hawaiian Tropic,", "title": "Jemma Palmer" }, { "id": "6149952", "text": "Ink (TV series) Ink is an American television sitcom which aired on CBS from 1996–1997 that starred real-life husband and wife Ted Danson and Mary Steenburgen as newspaper journalists, allegedly inspired by the film \"His Girl Friday\". The show was also produced by Danson and Steenburgen. The show was canceled after one season due to lower than expected ratings. The show's pilot was drastically changed and reshot from the original version. \"Ink\" was filmed at the soundstages of CBS Studio City in the Studio City area of Los Angeles. Outdoor scenes were usually shot at the small backlot streets of", "title": "Ink (TV series)" }, { "id": "20343361", "text": "Ilana Kurshan Ilana Kurshan is an American-Israeli author who lives in Jerusalem. She is best known for her memoir of Talmud study amidst life as a single woman, a married woman, and a mother, \"If All the Seas Were Ink.\" Kurshan was raised on Long Island as the daughter of a Conservative rabbi and an executive at UJA-Federation of New York. She graduated from Huntington High School, Harvard College, and Cambridge University, where she studied the History of Science and English Literature. She worked as an editor and literary agent in New York before moving to Jerusalem with her first", "title": "Ilana Kurshan" }, { "id": "11488626", "text": "disproportionately aged, wheelchair-using, heavily tattooed, and seemingly brain dead Ink lives on \"Xaviera,\" a former mutant safe-haven independent state and utopia along with adult versions of Anole and Graymalkin and an aged Emma Frost (now calling herself \"Diamondheart\"), and Wolverine, the only four remaining mutants on Xaviera. Emma constantly hopes that he will awaken and speak, though Wolverine states that he never does. Dust suddenly appears, now greatly changed in her appearance and persona with altered powers. She quickly confronts and kills the others and finds Ink. It is then that Ink speaks, acknowledging her presence. They discuss Sooraya's resentment", "title": "Ink (comics)" }, { "id": "10521872", "text": "LA Ink LA Ink is an American reality television show on TLC that follows the events of the High Voltage Tattoo (and, later in the series, American Electric) tattoo studios in Los Angeles, California. The spin-off of TLC's \"Miami Ink\", it premiered on August 7, 2007. In August 2011, TLC announced the cancellation ahead of the mid-season four premiere, making this season its last. After leaving the hit program \"Miami Ink\" because of a dispute with her fellow cast members, Kat Von D moved back to Los Angeles to open her own tattoo shop and was offered a spin-off show.", "title": "LA Ink" }, { "id": "20446656", "text": "of Thrice and the boy's mother (played by Jennifer Lee Laks). The boy steps out of the car and into a field, where he is possessed by the sun and evaporates. Black honey is seen dripping from the leaves and fruits. With over 22 million views, it is Thrice's most viewed music video. \"Black Honey\" was released to alternative rock and active rock radio formats on May 17, 2016. The song peaked at No. 11 on \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart, their biggest hit to date on any radio format. \"Black Honey\" was featured on WWE's Money in the Bank ladder", "title": "Black Honey (song)" }, { "id": "9423821", "text": "Draped Up \"Draped Up\" is the first single from Bun B's solo debut album \"Trill\". It samples elements from the song \"Pimp Tha Pen\" by DJ Screw. It features an intro from Lil' Keke. The official remix is on the album and it features Lil' Keke, Slim Thug, Chamillionaire, Paul Wall, Mike Jones, Aztek, Lil Flip, & Z-Ro. The music video features cameo appearances by Chingy, Devin The Dude, Kanye West, Scarface, Spice 1, Paul Wall, Mike Jones, Lil' Keke, Lil' Flip, Slim Thug, Z-Ro, Trae Tha Truth, Aztek, & Birdman. The song topped out at #45 on the U.S.", "title": "Draped Up" }, { "id": "7937585", "text": "The Pumaman The Pumaman () is a 1980 Italian superhero film co-written and directed by Alberto De Martino, starring Walter George Alton as the Pumaman and Donald Pleasence as the villain. It was featured in a 1998 episode of \"Mystery Science Theater 3000.\" Thousands of years ago, an alien spaceship visited the Earth and became a god to the Aztecs. The aliens fathered the Pumaman, a man-god with supernatural powers who would guard the people of Earth and transmit his powers to his descendants. The original Pumaman was entrusted a gold mask with the ability to control people's minds. In", "title": "The Pumaman" }, { "id": "4694283", "text": "together with the new Batman Beyond, Tim Drake, she sacrifices herself to defeat Brother Eye on his moon base to ensure her daughter's safety. Inque appears via downloadable content as a playable character in the video game, \"\". Inque Inque (pronounced \"ink\") is a fictional character from the DCAU series \"Batman Beyond\". She is a femme fatale and a shapeshifting saboteur whose body is an inky substance she can shape into a variety of forms or liquify herself to slip through cracks and slide across surfaces. In some ways, Inque can be compared to the original Batman villain Clayface. She", "title": "Inque" }, { "id": "14106075", "text": "TV serials. Swedish Film Dolly Minhas Dolly Minhas (; born 8 February 1968) is an Indian actress and former model, well known for winning the Miss India Universe contest in 1988. She has acted in Hindi, Punjabi, and Kannada films. She has also worked in Hindi TV shows. She is currently acting in \"Dil Se Dil Tak\" as Ambika Purushottam Bhanushali, the matriarch of the Bhanushali family. She belongs to Punjab and was raised in Chandigarh. She fell in love with the director of her first film, Anil Mattoo, whom she eventually married. She later acted in some Punjabi and", "title": "Dolly Minhas" }, { "id": "4105331", "text": "registered with DVLA (UK): 1579 (2002 Q4) Quantity remaining registered with DVLA (UK): 519 (including 229 that are SORN) as of Q4 2017 The Puma Black featured a Midnight Black (dark grey) leather interior, Panther Black paintwork, and Ford's F1-style alloy wheels. The original quantity of the Puma Black was meant to be only 1000, but as the edition proved to be popular, an additional 600 were produced. Years available: 2000(X) to 2002(52) Quantity produced: 2000 (1000 each in Moondust Silver and Magnum Grey) Peak quantity registered with DVLA (UK): 1908 (2002 Q4) Quantity remaining registered with DVLA (UK): 976", "title": "Ford Puma" }, { "id": "9798995", "text": "Tom Alan Robbins Tom Alan Robbins is an American actor. He recently returned to the role of Pumbaa in \"The Lion King\", a role he originated at its Broadway opening. Before returning to \"The Lion King\", he appeared in the Broadway production of \"Is He Dead?\", a comedy written by Mark Twain, as Hans von Bismarck, a role which he originated in 2007. He has been on television shows including \"Seinfeld\", \"NYPD Blue\", \"Law & Order\", \"The Good Wife\", and \"Baby Talk\". Robbins, a native of Ohio, has appeared in the original Broadway casts of \"The Lion King\", \"The Threepenny", "title": "Tom Alan Robbins" }, { "id": "9870334", "text": "single combat, trying to pull his decent weight around anger management and Valhallan Attitude. There is also Dynaman, the rival of Captain Victorious; Mr. Negato, the enemy of Captain Victorious, and Scrappy Lad, the useless weak sidekick who is more interested in a girl named Moxie Gumption (a more streetwise version of Little Orphan Annie). Jenn Erica is a female filler character who tries repeatedly to get a lead character. Hela is the Norse goddess of the Underworld, with a surprisingly cheerful disposition. She claims to be related to Tyr, but their kinship is rather tenuous. Ms. Amazement gives the", "title": "Ink Pen" }, { "id": "201040", "text": "made of soot, turpentine, and walnut oil was created specifically for the printing press. Ink formulas vary, but commonly involve two components: Inks generally fall into four classes: Pigment inks are used more frequently than dyes because they are more color-fast, but they are also more expensive, less consistent in color, and have less of a color range than dyes. Pigments are solid, opaque particles suspended in ink to provide color. Pigment molecules typically link together in crystalline structures that are 0.1–2 µm in size and comprise 5–30 percent of the ink volume. Qualities such as hue, saturation, and lightness", "title": "Ink" }, { "id": "11860985", "text": "India ink India ink (British English: Indian Ink; also Chinese ink) is a simple black or colored ink once widely used for writing and printing and now more commonly used for drawing and outlining, especially when inking comic books and comic strips. India ink is also used in medical applications. Basic India ink is composed of a variety of fine soot, known as \"lampblack\", combined with water to form a liquid. No binder material is necessary: the carbon molecules are in colloidal suspension and form a waterproof layer after drying. A binding agent such as gelatin or, more commonly, shellac", "title": "India ink" }, { "id": "2214523", "text": "Jack Black Thomas Jacob Black (born August 28, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, musician, and songwriter. His acting career has been extensive, starring primarily in comedy films. Black is known for his roles in \"High Fidelity\" (2000), \"Shallow Hal\" (2001), \"School of Rock\" (2003), \"King Kong\" (2005), \"The Holiday\" (2006), the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise (2008–2016), \"Tropic Thunder\" (2008), \"Gulliver's Travels\" (2010), \"Bernie\" (2011), \"Goosebumps\" (2015), and \"\" (2017). He has been nominated for two Golden Globe Awards. Black is the lead vocalist of the comedic rock duo Tenacious D which he formed in 1994 with friend Kyle Gass.", "title": "Jack Black" }, { "id": "6900083", "text": "with a good business sense, he became owner and CEO of Fireheart Enterprises. Headquartered near his tribe in Hartsdale, Arizona, it is a multinational corporation involved in many different endeavors, with regional offices around the world. Becoming bored with corporate life, he began to seek greater challenges, and offered his skills as Puma for sale. He was operating as a mercenary and had been hired by the Rose to kill Spider-Man, but was thwarted by the Black Cat. He again attempted to attack Spider-Man, but changed his mind and departed when he witnessed Spider-Man saving innocent bystanders. Puma later confronted", "title": "Puma (comics)" }, { "id": "6057152", "text": "soap in the future. Black was cast in Gemma Lee's short film \"The Wake\", which premiered at the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films in 2009. She then went on to appear in the independent film \"Emergence\" and was cast in an episode of \"City Homicide\" as Emily Rigby. Black and her former \"Neighbours\" co-star Sweeney Young portrayed a young couple in the music video for Jacob Butler's single \"Coma\". Of appearing in the video, Black stated \"I really love the track, that's why I got on board. I've never appeared in a video clip before so it's nice", "title": "Pippa Black" }, { "id": "6900092", "text": "Fireheart undergoes a physical transformation through intense concentration that includes an increase in his height and weight, his body becoming covered with a fine tan fur, and razor sharp fangs and claws. Transformation into this form also grants Fireheart superhuman physical attributes of catlike strength, speed, intelligence, agility, durability, flexibility, reflexes/reactions, coordination, balance and endurance, like his namesake. Puma also possesses superhumanly acute senses. His sense of touch is enhanced to the extent that he is able to feel the impressions of ink on a piece of paper. His vision and hearing are enhanced in a similar manner, enabling him", "title": "Puma (comics)" }, { "id": "457920", "text": "remains in the skin for a long period of time. Walnut ink Walnut ink is an ink made from the green husk surrounding the nut of walnuts. The black walnut \"Juglans nigra\" is usually used. The ink may be liquid or made of crystals that are mixed with water before use. It can be used to produce stains and darken paper to make it look older. The ink has good archival properties and was used by several great artists including Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt. An ancient use of walnut ink was to stain the hands of criminals in Romani", "title": "Walnut ink" }, { "id": "15807476", "text": "Amy Nicoletto Amy Nicoletto (born in southern New Jersey) is an American tattoo artist and television personality most known for her appearances as a tattoo artist on the TLC reality television show \"LA Ink\". Her name is sometimes misspelled as Nicoletti or Nicoletta. Nicoletto received her first tattoo at the age of 18 and has embraced the art of tattooing ever since. Nicoletto's career has spanned many fields including specialist and management roles in hospitality, medical assisting and also as a makeup artist for a cosmetics chain. She completed a two-year apprenticeship and then began professionally tattooing in 2005 locally", "title": "Amy Nicoletto" }, { "id": "13174750", "text": "Ashley Madekwe Ashley Madekwe (born 6 December 1983) is a Nigerian English actress. She is known for her roles as call girl Bambi in the ITV2 series \"Secret Diary of a Call Girl\", social climber Ashley Davenport on the ABC drama series \"Revenge\" and the witch Tituba in the WGN America series \"Salem\". Madekwe was born in East London, England into an Igbo Nigerian family. Her father is Nigerian and her mother is of Swiss descent. She grew up on a south London council estate and attended The Brit School at age 14. She attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic", "title": "Ashley Madekwe" }, { "id": "15117328", "text": "\"A Simple Twist of Fate\" with Steve Martin for which was nominated for a Young Artist Award. In 1996, Austin was cast in the CBS sitcom \"Ink\" opposite Ted Danson and Mary Steenburgen, the series was later canceled after its first season. She then went to guest star on \"Sister, Sister\", \"In the House\", \"That '80s Show\", \"7th Heaven\", \"Boston Public\", \"Cold Case\" and \"Close to Home\". As well as appearing in the films \"Road Rage\", \"Hansel and Gretel\", \"A Mother's Instinct\", \"Popstar\" (opposite Aaron Carter) and the Disney Channel Original film \"Motocrossed\". She was also scheduled to appear in", "title": "Alana Austin" }, { "id": "6900094", "text": "Puma is a very wealthy, skilled and respected businessman, with a master's degree in Business Administration. He has a personal customized Lear jet for long-distance travel. While some of Puma's activities are morally dubious, he is not truly evil and is not a criminal. His primary concerns are his own personal advancement and the welfare of his people, and he has come to Spider-Man's aid as often as he has tried to harm him. On Earth-001 during the \"Spider-Verse\" storyline, Fireheart (a character that resembles Puma) is a member of the Hounds who are servants of Verna of the Inheritors.", "title": "Puma (comics)" }, { "id": "7036052", "text": "in a battle royal before he defeated Chasyn Rance. Puma wrestled in the 2005 edition of the East Coast Wrestling Association'a Super 8 tournament and made it to the final by defeating Eric Matlock and J.J. Perez, before losing to Petey Williams. He also competed in Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling's Pacific Cup in 2005, where he faced Aaron Idol and Bryan Danielson in a three-way match in the final, which was won by Idol. In August 2005, Perkins debuted in UWA Hardcore Wrestling as Puma, in a loss to Ricky Reyes. In May 2006, Puma defeated M-Dogg 20 to win", "title": "T. J. Perkins" }, { "id": "9589558", "text": "from predators. Kittens are able to eat solid food when they reach 2–3 months of age, and remain with their mother for about a year. The life expectancy of individuals in the wild averages 12 years, but can reach up to 25 years in captivity. Although they have been pushed into smaller habitats by human settlement expansion, members of the genus have been designated least-concern species by the IUCN, indicating low risk of becoming extinct in their natural environments in the near future. This is due to their high adaptiveness to changing habitat conditions. In fact, many feel the pumas'", "title": "Puma (genus)" }, { "id": "6593716", "text": "Dimension Films thriller \"Regression\". In 2017 he played brothel owner Alexander \"Puss\" Braun, in Jane Campion's acclaimed \"Top of the Lake\". \"McMafia\" (2018) saw Dencik play Russian Boss, Uncle Boris Godman, inspired by the book \"McMafia: A Journey Through the Global Criminal Underworld\" (2008) by journalist Misha Glenny. David Dencik Karl David Sebastian Dencik (born 31 October 1974) is a Swedish-Danish actor. He has acted in both Swedish and Danish films, and has also had major roles in English-language films including \"Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy\" and \" The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\". Dencik was born in Stockholm, Sweden. His", "title": "David Dencik" }, { "id": "1965916", "text": "Afeni Shakur Afeni Shakur Davis (born Alice Faye Williams; January 10, 1947 – May 2, 2016) was an American activist, businesswoman, and mother of American rapper and actor, Tupac Shakur. Shakur was born Alice Faye Williams on January 10, 1947, in Lumberton, North Carolina, the daughter of Rosa Belle, a homemaker, and Walter Williams, a trucker. In 1968, at the age of twenty-one, she changed her name to Afeni Shakur, \"Afeni\" Yoruba word for \"lover of people\" and \"Shakur\" being Arabic for \"thankful\", respectively. She was then living in Harlem, New York, where she joined the Black Panther Party. She", "title": "Afeni Shakur" }, { "id": "15117329", "text": "a unproduced movie based off the Monster Jam tour which would have acted as a sequel to \"Motocrossed\". After retiring from acting, Austin studied pre-medicine at the University of Southern California. Alana Austin Alana Austin (born April 6, 1982) is an American film and television actress. She played the role of Abby Logan in the sitcom \"Ink\" and starred in the Disney Channel Original film \"Motocrossed\". Austin was born in Palm Springs, California. She is the daughter of Steven Kent Austin a film producer who was the founder and chairman of the now-defunct Tag Entertainment. Austin made her major acting", "title": "Alana Austin" }, { "id": "3433456", "text": "Berkman’s appearance garnered criticism from many, including former Minnesota Vikings kicker Chris Kluwe. The controversy flared when Houston Mayor Annise Parker stated of Berkman, \"That someone who made his name in our city would inject himself into this debate by taking to the airwaves to discredit an effort to ban discrimination in all forms did upset me. This ordinance protects all Houstonians and his remarks diminished it to something trivial.\" The ordinance was rejected by Houston voters in a ballot initiative in November 2015. He is most popularly known as \"Fat Elvis\" and \"The Big Puma.\" Before the 2006 season", "title": "Lance Berkman" }, { "id": "6180344", "text": "the cast featured Rosemary Harris as Eleanor Swan, Romola Garai as Flora and Firdous Bamji as Nirad. The play was nominated for the 2015 Lucille Lortel Awards, Outstanding Costume Design (Candice Donnelly), Outstanding Revival, and Firdous Bamji won an Obie Award for his performance. New York Times critic, Ben Brantley, wrote that he should have been nominated for a Tony Award, but he was ineligible because the play was produced Off-Broadway. The ACT presented the play again in January and February 2015, with Perloff directing and the cast featured Roberta Maxwell (Eleanor), Brenda Meaney (Flora), Firdous Bamji (Nirad) and Pej", "title": "Indian Ink" }, { "id": "17254923", "text": "role. (Kem Dibbs went on to have a long acting career in film and television.) Two actresses portrayed Wilma Deering: Eva Marie Saint and Lou Prentis. Two actors would also play Dr. Huer: Harry Southern and Sanford Bickart. Black Barney Wade was played by Harry Kingston. The series was directed by Babette Henry, written by Gene Wyckoff and produced by Joe Cates and Babette Henry. The series was broadcast live from station WENR-TV, the ABC affiliate in Chicago. There are no known surviving kinescopes of this first Buck Rogers television series. In 1979, Buck Rogers was revived and updated for", "title": "Buck Rogers" }, { "id": "9589554", "text": "winters. Depending on subspecies and the location of their habitat, the puma's fur varies in color from brown-yellow to grey-red. Individuals that live in colder climates have coats that are more grey than individuals living in warmer climates with a more red color to their coat. Pumas are incredibly powerful predators with muscular hind legs, which are slightly longer and stronger than the front, that enable them to be great leapers. They are able to leap as high as 18 ft into the air and as far as 40–45 ft horizontally. They can reach speeds up to 50 mph, but", "title": "Puma (genus)" }, { "id": "4402941", "text": "have been changed to \"Janis.\" A zombified version of Black Mamba appeared in the Marvel Zombies universe as an inhabitant of the Deadlands. Black Mamba (comics) Black Mamba (Tanya Sealy) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She first appeared in \"Marvel Two-in-One\" #64 (June 1980) created by writers Mark Gruenwald and Ralph Macchio. The character is most closely associated with the Serpent Society and BAD Girls, Inc. but has also been a member of the Masters of Evil, the Femizons and the Women Warriors. Her first mission was for the Roxxon", "title": "Black Mamba (comics)" }, { "id": "14979096", "text": "Flash, Spring Heeled Jack, Iacchus and Captain Jack Carter (a legendary World War I hero in one of the parallel worlds in which the novel is set); Thomas Messenger, also known as Puck, Tamuz and Matthew Shepard; Phreedom Messenger, known as Anna, Anaesthesia and Inanna; Guy Fox, who is also Guy Fawkes (although closer to his representation in \"V for Vendetta\" than to the historic character), Guy Reynard, the Prussian Baron Reinhardt); Joey Pickering (also Pechorin, Joey Narchosis and Judas); Don MacChuill (also Don Coyote, Don Quixote) and Seamus Finnan (Shammus, Finnegan, Prometheus, Samuel Hobbsbaum, Sammael). From a psychoanalytic point", "title": "Ink (novel)" }, { "id": "1675090", "text": "for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and as Pancho Barnes in \"The Right Stuff\" (1983). She received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Miniseries or a Movie for her performance as Big Mama in a television adaptation of \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\" in 1985. That same year, Kim Stanley was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame. Stanley was born in Tularosa, New Mexico, the daughter of Ann (\"née\" Miller), an interior decorator, and J. T. Reid, a professor of philosophy and education at the University of New Mexico, located in Albuquerque.", "title": "Kim Stanley" }, { "id": "20325728", "text": "was produced by Pandari Bai, under the banner Sri Panduranga Productions. She also acted in the film as the mother of R. Muthuraman's character. Sumithra made her acting debut in this film, portraying a prostitute. Her character was named Sita, after the character of the same name from the Hindu epic \"Ramayana\". M. R. R. Vasu portrayed Sita's pimp. The film had cinematography by Manohar, and it was edited by M. Umanath. Shooting took place at Vikram and Vasu Studios. The music of the film was composed by V. Kumar, and the lyrics were written by Vaali. The playback singers", "title": "Avalum Penn Thaane" }, { "id": "1916034", "text": "modern rock. Outside music, Navarro is host and one of the judges on \"Ink Master\", an American tattoo competition reality show now in its eleventh season on Paramount Network. Navarro was born in Santa Monica, California on June 7, 1967, the son of James Raul Navarro and Constance Colleen Hopkins. His paternal grandparents were Mexican immigrants. His grandfather Gabriel Navarro was close friends with Mexican silent film actor Ramón Novarro, who allegedly adopted his artistic surname. He attended Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, California, where he was a member of the marching band with future Jane's Addiction bandmate", "title": "Dave Navarro" }, { "id": "9423822", "text": "Hot R&B Chart. Draped Up \"Draped Up\" is the first single from Bun B's solo debut album \"Trill\". It samples elements from the song \"Pimp Tha Pen\" by DJ Screw. It features an intro from Lil' Keke. The official remix is on the album and it features Lil' Keke, Slim Thug, Chamillionaire, Paul Wall, Mike Jones, Aztek, Lil Flip, & Z-Ro. The music video features cameo appearances by Chingy, Devin The Dude, Kanye West, Scarface, Spice 1, Paul Wall, Mike Jones, Lil' Keke, Lil' Flip, Slim Thug, Z-Ro, Trae Tha Truth, Aztek, & Birdman. The song topped out at #45", "title": "Draped Up" }, { "id": "4402933", "text": "Inc. and worked several mercenary-for-hire missions. She also briefly served in Superia's all-female group, the Femizons, but betrayed the group to aid Captain America and Paladin. For some time, Black Mamba served in Crimson Cowl's Masters of Evil in hopes of a large profit, battling the Thunderbolts. She eventually went back to the Serpent Society. She also fought Luke Cage and Iron Fist, and was shocked to realize her group had been hired by Cable himself. During the \"Civil War\" storyline, Black Mamba appears along with her friends Diamondback and Asp as a member of Captain America's anti-registration group. She", "title": "Black Mamba (comics)" }, { "id": "5063221", "text": "Ultima Lucha Dos where Pentagon (now renamed Pentagon Dark) turned on Vampiro saying that \"he was the master now\". During season 3 of Lucha Underground, Vampiro started mentoring Prince Puma. During Ultima Lucha Tres Vampiro turned on brand new champion Prince Puma during his match against Pentagon Dark. Thus costing Puma his belt and his Lucha Underground career, as well as pairing him back up with Pentagon Dark. Hodgkinson grew up in a single parent home with his mother and two younger sisters. Hodgkinson is divorced from Kitsu with a daughter named Dasha, whose godfather is Norman Smiley. Hodgkinson is", "title": "Vampiro" }, { "id": "3672316", "text": "Puma (brand) Puma SE, branded as Puma, is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear, apparel and accessories, which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany. PUMA is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world. The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler. In 1924, Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company \"Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik\" (Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory). The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948, forming two separate entities, \"Adidas\" and \"Puma\". Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. Puma", "title": "Puma (brand)" }, { "id": "5304344", "text": "Justina Machado Justina Machado (born September 6, 1972) is an American actress. Justina Machado is best known for her role as Darci Factor in the CW show \"Jane the Virgin\". She is also known for her roles as Vanessa Diaz on the HBO drama series \"Six Feet Under\", and as Brenda on the drama \"Queen of the South\". As of 2017, Machado stars as Penelope Alvarez on the Netflix show, \"One Day at a Time\". Machado was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her parents moved to Chicago from Puerto Rico where they had two children. Her parents subsequently divorced and her", "title": "Justina Machado" }, { "id": "20206828", "text": "on November 17, 2017 that aired on March 27, 2018 on Spike's rebranded channel Paramount Network. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The contestants competed to earn a spot on \"Ink Master\"'s tenth season. The contestants in Season 2 competed to earn a spot on \"Ink Master\"'s eleventh season. Ink Master: Angels Ink Master: Angels is a spin-off of the tattoo reality competition \"Ink Master\" that premiered on October 3, 2017 on the Paramount Network. The series follows Season 8 competitors Ryan Ashley Malarkey, who won that season, Kelly Doty, and Nikki Simpson as they travel around the nation going head-to-head with some of the", "title": "Ink Master: Angels" }, { "id": "3672323", "text": "ambassadors, having created their own collections. Christoph von Wilhelm Dassler was a worker in a shoe factory, while his wife Pauline ran a small laundry in the Franconian town of Herzogenaurach, from the city of Nuremberg. After leaving school their son, Rudolf Dassler, joined his father at the shoe factory. When he returned from fighting in World War I, Rudolf was trained as a salesman at a porcelain factory, and later in a leather trading business in Nuremberg. In 1924, Rudolf and his younger brother, Adolf, nicknamed \"Adi\", founded a shoe factory. They named the new business \"Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik\"", "title": "Puma (brand)" }, { "id": "18959726", "text": "Sushma Verma Sushma Verma (born 3 November 1992) is an Indian cricketer. She started her national-level career as a wicket-keeper and right hand batswoman in the India women's national cricket team. She has played 30 ODI, 19 T20 and 01 Test matches till now. After the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup game, the Himachal Pradesh chief minister Virbhadra Singh offered her a post of Deputy Superintendent of Police. Sushma Verma born on 3rd November 1992 in Shimla, Himachal Prasdesh. Her father “\"Bhopal Singh Verma\"” wanted her to stay back close to home. But Sushma’s choice was to go to “\"Portmore", "title": "Sushma Verma" }, { "id": "12764922", "text": "in the 2013 sequel \"Grown Ups 2\". In 2014, she appeared on the reality singing competition series, ABC's \"Sing Your Face Off\" and was the youngest contestant on the show, winning the show's first season. McClain starred as Gabby Harrison in the Disney Channel original movie \"How to Build a Better Boy\" (2014) with Kelli Berglund. She also appears as the main villain Uma in the Disney Channel \"Descendants 2\" (2017), playing Ursula's daughter. In 2018, McClain began portraying Jennifer Pierce in The CW superhero series \"Black Lightning\". She returning to her character as a recurring cast members in OWN’s", "title": "China Anne McClain" }, { "id": "11135590", "text": "Hannah Aitchison Hannah Aitchison (born December 20, 1966) is an American tattoo artist, currently located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Hannah was based in Chicago at Deluxe Tattoo for many years, but relocated to Pittsburgh, PA to tattoo in her studio, Curiosity Shop, where she works in various mediums and curates a collection of antiques and oddities. She continues to travel the world, working at tattoo conventions and artist collectives, among others. She is well known for her appearance on Seasons 1-3 of the TLC reality television show \"LA Ink\". and 3 Seasons as a Judge on Best Ink (Oxygen Network). She", "title": "Hannah Aitchison" }, { "id": "10862434", "text": "India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) government of Tamil Nadu. He died at the age of 72 on 1 December 2016. He has been selected posthumously for the Sahitya Akademi award for 2017. But his family has declined the award, saying he did not write expecting awards and felicitations. Inkulab \"Makkal Pavalar\" Inkulab (also spelt Inquilab, Inkulab or Ingulab) (; c. 1944 – 1 December 2016) was an Indian rationalist Tamil poet/writer, activist, and Communist with Marxist Leninist inclination. He retired as a professor of Tamil at The New College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. His birth name is Shahul Hameed and", "title": "Inkulab" }, { "id": "8299170", "text": "known on social media as \"The Pug Queen\". Izabella St. James Izabella St. James (born Izabella Katarina Kasprzyk on 25 September 1975) is a writer, actress and a former girlfriend of Hugh M. Hefner, editor/publisher of \"Playboy\" magazine. She is best known as the author of a memoir entitled \"\" published August 21, 2006, about activities at the famed Playboy Mansion in Los Angeles. Izabella St. James was born in Kraków in Poland, during a time when Poland was oppressed by Communism. When St. James was ten years old her parents moved to Athens, Greece, where they lived for a", "title": "Izabella St. James" }, { "id": "16639869", "text": "who claims to be fifteen years old and has been a prostitute for six years. Ali is Jason's wife, and they have two young daughters. Marta is Jason's employer, who has become very tough from years of fighting for justice and who is now driven and stressed. The other characters are a pimp, who is unnamed, and his assistant, a cruel brothel keeper called Mama. The script calls for one actor to play both male charactersJason and the pimp. Jason and Number 18 are haunted by four voices. As poetic and prophetic voices, these characters serve much the same purpose", "title": "She Has a Name" }, { "id": "5634298", "text": "During her youth, she was an actress and a model for famous photographers and painters such as Diego Rivera and Raúl Anguiano. Her family was shocked when it was revealed that she had posed—and been portrayed—in the nude. She was called \"\"The 11th Muse\"\". She was a friend of José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and María Félix. Her poetry, influenced by Juana Inés de la Cruz (\"\"The 10th Muse\"\") and Francisco de Quevedo, is notable for its direct expressions about metaphysical issues stated in the first person. She was an aunt of the Mexican author Elena Poniatowska Amor, and", "title": "Pita Amor" }, { "id": "6398785", "text": "within her, transforming her into a creature with blood red skin, horns, glowing white eyes, and bat-like wings. Sakkara returned to the Queen's temple on her wedding night and attacked the married couple and their guests. Amongst them were the samurai Jade and her father, and Kabala and her husband from Africa. Sakkara bit Jade and Kabala, turning them into vampires. She incited the citizens of Alexandria to rebellion, and they demolished the city. She then bit Ramses and Ostraca and entombed them in the Queen's burial sarcophagus. They were rescued five days later, but by then they had turned", "title": "Purgatori" }, { "id": "2184420", "text": "mother of a young transgender man (Fanning). The film was pulled from the schedule days before its intended September 2015 release, but subsequently premiered on selected theaters in May 2017. Watts was cast as Linda, the second wife of heavyweight boxer Chuck Wepner (played by Liev Schreiber) in the biographical sport drama \"The Bleeder\", revolving around the life of Wepner and his 1975 fight with Muhammad Ali. The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Venice Film Festival and a limited release the following year, receiving unanimous critical acclaim. \"Variety\" wrote in its review: \"Slightly out of place as", "title": "Naomi Watts" } ]

[ "Consent", "Emergency searches", "Plain view", "Search incident to arrest", "Hot pursuit", "Public safety", "Imminent destruction of evidence" ]

[ { "id": "1300544", "text": "Search warrant A search warrant is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime and to confiscate any evidence they find. In most countries a search warrant cannot be issued in aid of civil process. Jurisdictions that respect the rule of law and a right to privacy constrain police powers, and typically require search warrants or an equivalent procedure for searches police conducted in the course of a criminal investigation. The laws usually make an exception for hot pursuit:", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1672819", "text": "Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1791. Under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution a warrant is broadly required which particularly describes the place to be searched, and the persons, or things, to be seized; and no warrants shall be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by testimony before a judge. The courts have recognized many exceptions to the warrant requirement, including exceptions for routine administrative or inventory searches, searches made under exigent circumstances, and searches made with consent. A typical arrest warrant in the United States will take the approximate form of: \"This Court orders the Sheriff", "title": "Warrant (law)" }, { "id": "1300552", "text": "determined under Title 18 of the United States Code. The law has been restated and extended under Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Federal search warrants may be prepared on Form AO 93, Search and Seizure Warrant. Although the laws are broadly similar, each state has its own laws and rules of procedure governing the issuance of warrants. Search warrants are normally available to the public. On the other hand, they may be sealed if they contain sensitive information. Certain searches don't require a search warrant. For example, In a plain view case, the officer is legitimately", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1300549", "text": "met by the police the evidence found may become inadmissible against the accused at trial. Under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, most police searches require a search warrant based on probable cause, although there are exceptions. In the absence of valid consent or an exception to the warrant requirement, whether for purposes of effecting a search or an arrest, police entry in an individual's home always requires a warrant. The probable cause standard for obtaining a search warrant is lower than the quantum of proof required for a later conviction, proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Under the", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1300550", "text": "Fourth Amendment, search warrants must be reasonable and specific. This means that a search warrant must reasonably identify the items to be searched for and the place where law enforcement officials are authorized to search for those items. Unless an exception to the warrant requirement applies, the search of other buildings or areas of a building, persons or vehicles, or the search for additional items that do not reasonably fall under the original warrant, will normally require additional search warrants. To obtain a search warrant, an officer must prove to a magistrate or judge that probable cause exists for the", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1300559", "text": "Arrest warrant An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by a judge or magistrate on behalf of the state, which authorizes the arrest and detention of an individual, or the search and seizure of an individual's property. Arrest warrants are issued by a judge or justice of the peace under the Criminal Code. Once the warrant has been issued, section 29 of the Code requires that the arresting officer must give notice to the accused of the existence of the warrant, the reason for it, and produce it if requested, if it is feasible to do so. Czech courts may", "title": "Arrest warrant" }, { "id": "7803447", "text": "Warrantless searches in the United States Warrantless searches are searches and seizures conducted without search warrants. In the United States, warrantless searches are restricted under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights, which provides that, \"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.\" In the Thirteen Colonies,", "title": "Warrantless searches in the United States" }, { "id": "1672815", "text": "Warrant (law) A warrant is generally an order that serves as a specific type of authorization, that is, a writ issued by a competent officer, usually a judge or magistrate, which permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights and affords the person executing the writ protection from damages if the act is performed. A warrant is usually issued by a court and is directed to a sheriff, a constable, or a police officer. Warrants normally issued by a court include search warrants, arrest warrants, and execution warrants. In the United Kingdom, senior public appointments are made by", "title": "Warrant (law)" }, { "id": "1300565", "text": "statute and most jurisdictions mandate the issuance of an arrest warrant for the arrest of individuals for most misdemeanors that were not committed within the view of a police officer. However, as long as police have the necessary probable cause, a warrant is usually not needed to arrest someone suspected of a felony in a public place; these laws vary from state to state. In a non-emergency situation, an arrest of an individual in their home requires an arrest warrant. Probable cause can be based on either direct observation by the police officer, or on hearsay information provided by others.", "title": "Arrest warrant" }, { "id": "8812725", "text": "Motor vehicle exception The motor vehicle exception is a legal rule in the United States that modifies the normal probable cause requirement of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and, when applicable, allows a police officer to search a motor vehicle without a search warrant. The motor vehicle exception was first established by the United States Supreme Court in 1925, in \"Carroll v. United States\". The motor vehicle exception allows an officer to search a vehicle without a search warrant as long as he or she has probable cause to believe that evidence or contraband is located in", "title": "Motor vehicle exception" }, { "id": "428444", "text": "law, or otherwise qualified magistrate, to lawfully search and seize evidence while investigating criminal activity. A court grants permission by issuing a writ known as a warrant. A search or seizure is generally unreasonable and unconstitutional if conducted without a valid warrant and the police must obtain a warrant whenever practicable. Searches and seizures without a warrant are not considered unreasonable if one of the specifically established and well-delineated exceptions to the warrant requirement applies. These exceptions apply \"[o]nly in those exceptional circumstances in which special needs, beyond the normal need for law enforcement, make the warrant and probable cause", "title": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "11285014", "text": "known as stop and search powers. Searches in the United States are governed by the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which generally requires that the police obtain a warrant before a search is legally permissible. However, certain exceptions to the warrant requirement exist. After stopping a person based upon the reasonable belief that the person might be engaged in unlawful activity, or following a routine encounter such as a traffic stop, the police in the United States may perform a cursory search of the persons outer clothing for their own safety. Terry v. Ohio. However, unless the object is", "title": "Search of persons" }, { "id": "1300558", "text": "law enforcement officers executing it to effect physical entry into private premises without the owner's or the occupant's permission or knowledge and to clandestinely search the premises. In California, the California Electronic Communications Privacy Act mandates that in certain cases concerning electronic search warrants that the court issue gag orders \"[...] prohibiting any party providing information from notifying any other party that information has been sought [...]\". Search warrant A search warrant is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1300545", "text": "a police officer following a criminal who has fled the scene of a crime has the right to enter a property where the criminal has sought shelter. This contrasts with authoritarian regimes, where police typically can search property and people without having to provide justification or secure court permission. In England and Wales, a local magistrate issues search warrants, which require that a constable provide evidence that supports the warrant application. In the majority of cases where police already hold someone in custody, police can search premises without a search warrant under Section 18 of the Police and Criminal Evidence", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "7803457", "text": "presidential authority, or whether that primary use is to gather evidence for use in a criminal trial. The warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment is not absolute, and a number of exceptions to that requirement have been recognized by the courts, based upon such factors as whether it is reasonable under the circumstances for officers to obtain a warrant, and whether evidence might be lost or destroyed before a warrant can be obtained. Common exceptions include: Warrantless searches in the United States Warrantless searches are searches and seizures conducted without search warrants. In the United States, warrantless searches are restricted", "title": "Warrantless searches in the United States" }, { "id": "1300591", "text": "Patriot Act limits the application of that statute to issues that clearly involve the national security of the United States. If voluntary consent is given and the individual giving the consent has authority over the search area, such as a car, house, business, etc. then a law enforcement officer does not need probable cause or even reasonable suspicion. If the person does not give voluntary consent, then the officer needs probable cause, and in some cases, a search warrant may be required to search the premises. Unless another exclusion to the fourth amendment of the US constitution occurs, when the", "title": "Probable cause" }, { "id": "15181070", "text": "Arrest without warrant An arrest without warrant or a warrantless arrest is an arrest of an individual without the use of an arrest warrant. In the Federal Government, an arrest without a warrant still requires probable cause - in the case of an arrest without a warrant, probable cause must be promptly filed. In Florida, an arrest without warrant is allowed when: Section 24, as of January 1st 2006, provides that a constable may arrest, without a warrant, anyone who is about to commit or is currently committing an offence (or anyone the constable has reasonable grounds to believe to", "title": "Arrest without warrant" }, { "id": "1300556", "text": "evidence of the crime the person is arrested for. As per \"Collins v. Virginia\", the exception does not apply when the vehicle is on the private property of its owner. Under The Border Search Exception custom and immigration officers are not required to have a warrant or probable cause to conduct searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalents. This doctrine is not actually an exception to the Fourth Amendment, but rather to the Amendment's requirement for a warrant or probable cause. Balanced against the sovereign's interests at the border are the Fourth Amendment rights of entrants. Not", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1300547", "text": "Scots law compared to England and Wales - the restrictions governing the use and execution of search warrants are set out under Part XIII under the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995. Search warrants must be signed by a Sheriff after a petition from police. Gas company officials may enter a home to inspect, repair, or replace gas meters and gas appliances by obtaining a warrant. To get a warrant, police must present a judge with an ITO (information to obtain) form that contains reasonable and probable grounds to believe that an offence has been or is being committed, and that", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "9246869", "text": "No-knock warrant In the United States, a no-knock warrant is a warrant issued by a judge that allows law enforcement officers to enter a property without immediate prior notification of the residents, such as by knocking or ringing a doorbell. In most cases, law enforcement will identify themselves just before they forcefully enter the property. It is issued under the belief that any evidence they hope to find can be destroyed during the time that police identify themselves and the time they secure the area, or in the event where there is a large perceived threat to officer safety during", "title": "No-knock warrant" }, { "id": "8812545", "text": "Consent search Consent searches (or consensual searches) are searches made by police officers in the United States based on the voluntary consent of the individual whose person or property is being searched. The simplest and most common type of warrantless searches in the United States are searches based upon consent. No warrant, probable cause or reasonable suspicion is required to perform a search if a person, or someone else with the proper authority, consents to a search. A consent search assumes the individual, whose person or property is being searched, is aware that they have the right to refuse a", "title": "Consent search" }, { "id": "1300574", "text": "citations. The U.S. state of California in 1999 had around 2.5 million outstanding warrants, with nearly 1 million of them in the Los Angeles area. The city of Baltimore, Maryland had 100,000 as of 2007. New Orleans, Louisiana has 49,000. Some places have laws placing various restrictions on persons with outstanding warrants, such as prohibiting renewal of one's driver's license or obtaining a passport. Arrest warrant An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by a judge or magistrate on behalf of the state, which authorizes the arrest and detention of an individual, or the search and seizure of an individual's", "title": "Arrest warrant" }, { "id": "7160938", "text": "Stop and identify statutes \"Stop and identify\" statutes are statutory laws in the United States that authorize police to legally obtain the identification of someone whom they reasonably suspect of having committed a crime. If there is no reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed, is being committed, or is about to be committed, an individual is not required to provide identification, even in \"Stop and ID\" states. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. \"Terry v. Ohio\", established that", "title": "Stop and identify statutes" }, { "id": "428406", "text": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures. In addition, it sets requirements for issuing warrants: warrants must be issued by a judge or magistrate, justified by probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and must particularly describe the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three main issues: what government activities are \"searches\" and \"seizures,\" what constitutes probable cause to conduct searches and seizures, and how", "title": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "1300551", "text": "proposed search, based upon direct information (i.e., the officer's personal observation) or other reliable information. An application for a search warrant will often rely upon hearsay information, such as information obtained from a confidential informant, as long as probable cause exists based on the totality of the circumstances. Police can seize both property and persons under a search warrant. The rationale is that evidence police collect without a search warrant may not be sufficient to convict, but may be sufficient to suggest that a warrant would allow police to find enough evidence to convict. The issue of federal warrants is", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1300555", "text": "v. United States\", police are allowed to search a vehicle without a search warrant when they have probable cause to believe that evidence or contraband is located in a vehicle. When police arrest an individual shortly after the individual has exited a vehicle, the police may conduct a full search of the suspect's person, any area within that person's immediate reach, and the passenger compartment of the recently occupied vehicle for weapons or any other contraband. However, \"Arizona v. Gant\" limits such searches to circumstances where the arrested person could have accessed the vehicle, or when the vehicle could contain", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1300554", "text": "premises if they reasonably suspect that other individuals may be hiding. With rented property, a landlord may refuse to allow law enforcement to search a tenant's apartment without a search warrant, and police must obtain a warrant under the same guidelines as if the tenant were the owner of the property. People who are occupying rooms at hotels or motels have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their rooms. However, a warrantless search may be possible if the hotel guest has property in their room a considerable period of time after the scheduled check-out time. As first established by \"Carroll", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "428407", "text": "violations of Fourth Amendment rights should be addressed. Early court decisions limited the amendment's scope to physical intrusion of property or persons, but with \"Katz v. United States\" (1967), the Supreme Court held that its protections extend to intrusions on the privacy of individuals as well as to physical locations. A warrant is needed for most search and seizure activities, but the Court has carved out a series of exceptions for consent searches, motor vehicle searches, evidence in plain view, exigent circumstances, border searches, and other situations. The exclusionary rule is one way the amendment is enforced. Established in \"Weeks", "title": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "11236893", "text": "the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals split with the Fourth and Ninth Circuits, ruling that the Fourth Amendment does not require suspicion for forensic searches of electronic devices at the border. The existence of a circuit split is one of the factors that the Supreme Court of the United States considers when deciding whether to grant review of a case. Although routine searches of the persons and effects of entrants are not subject to any requirement of reasonable suspicion, probable cause, or warrant, more invasive searches or seizures of a person's body require some suspicion. The Supreme Court has held", "title": "Border search exception" }, { "id": "1300546", "text": "Act (PACE), which requires only the authority of an inspector. Under Section 18(5)a of PACE, a constable can conduct a search immediately without an inspector's authorisation. This subsection allows a constable to search the home of a suspect(s) under arrest in their presence before they take the suspect to a police station (or other custody location). Under Section 32 of PACE, a constable who arrests a person who is on their own property or has just left their premises, may immediately search both the suspect and the immediate area. In Scotland, a country operating on the distinct legal system of", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1300548", "text": "the authorization sought will afford evidence of that offence. This hearing is 'ex parte' meaning only the crown is present. This fact obliges the police to include any known facts that hurt their application. After a search the occupants have a copy of the warrant and may get hold of the ITO through crown disclosure if the occupant(s) are charged. There are numerous different warrant procedures in the Criminal Code, some have specific requirements such as being served during daytime or having a named supervising officer present in the case of a home search. If these(see link) requirements are not", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "2919500", "text": "Constitution states that: The text of the amendment is brief, and most of the law determining what constitutes an unlawful search and seizure is found in court rulings. The brief definitions of the terms \"search\" and \"seizure\" was concisely summarized in \"United States v. Jacobsen\", which said that the Fourth Amendment: The general rule under the United States Constitution is that a valid warrant is required for a search. There are, however, several exceptions to this rule, based on the language of the fourth amendment that the people are to be \"secure ... against unreasonable searches and seizures\". For instance,", "title": "Search and seizure" }, { "id": "428427", "text": "under the Fourth Amendment is that arrests and \"searches conducted outside the judicial process, without prior approval by judge or magistrate, are \"per se\" unreasonable\". In order for such a warrant to be considered reasonable, it must be supported by probable cause and be limited in scope according to specific information supplied by a person (usually a law enforcement officer) who has sworn by it and is therefore accountable to the issuing court. The Supreme Court further held in \"Chandler v. Miller\" (1997): \"To be reasonable under the Fourth Amendment, a search ordinarily must be based on individualized suspicion of", "title": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "13553875", "text": "to pay the warrant holder on demand or after a maturity date. Such warrants look like checks and clear through the banking system like checks, but are not drawn against cleared funds in a checking account (demand deposit account). Instead, they may be drawn against \"available funds\" or \"out of fund 0027\" so that the issuer can collect interest on the float or delay redemption. If the warrant is conditional on funds being available, the warrant is not a negotiable debt instrument. In the U.S., warrants are issued by government entities such as the military and state and county governments.", "title": "Warrant of payment" }, { "id": "6705620", "text": "the admissibility of evidence so obtained. In \"United States v. Bin Laden\", the Second Circuit noted that \"no court, prior to FISA, that was faced with the choice, imposed a warrant requirement for foreign intelligence searches undertaken within the United States.\" The National Security Act of 1947 requires Presidential findings for covert acts. SEC. 503. [50 U.S.C. 413b] (a) (5) of that act states: \"A finding may not authorize any action that would violate the Constitution or any statute of the United States.\" Under § 501–503, codified as 50 USC § 413-§ 413b, the President is required to keep Congressional", "title": "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)" }, { "id": "12548635", "text": "Sneak and peek warrant A sneak and peek search warrant (officially called a Delayed Notice Warrant and also called a covert entry search warrant or a surreptitious entry search warrant) is a search warrant authorizing the law enforcement officers executing it to effect physical entry into private premises without the owner’s or the occupant’s permission or knowledge and to clandestinely search the premises; usually, such entry requires a stealthy breaking and entering. Law enforcement officers are not prohibited from seizing any property from the premises. For example, in one 2010 case federal investigators broke into an Cleveland apartment, collected evidence,", "title": "Sneak and peek warrant" }, { "id": "13553876", "text": "Warrants are issued for payroll to individual employees, accounts payable to vendors, to local governments, to taxpayers receiving tax refunds, to recipients of unemployment benefits, and to owners of unclaimed money. A warrant differs from a check in that the warrant is not drawn on a checking account, is not necessarily payable on demand, and may not be negotiable. Warrants deposited in a bank are routed (based on the MICR routing number) to a collecting bank which processes them as collection items like maturing treasury bills and presents the warrants to the government entity's treasury department for payment to the", "title": "Warrant of payment" }, { "id": "1672820", "text": "or Constable to find the named person, wherever he may be found, and deliver said person to the custody of the Court.\" Generally, a U.S. arrest warrant must contain the caption of the court issuing the warrant, the name (if known) of the person to be arrested, the offense charged, the date of issue, the officer(s) to whom the warrant is directed, and the signature of the magistrate. Warrants may also be issued by other government entities, including legislatures, since most have the power to compel the attendance of their members. When a legislature issues a warrant, it is called", "title": "Warrant (law)" }, { "id": "6705611", "text": "arena, but has limited its application in foreign affairs. In the landmark \"US v. Curtiss-Wright\" (1936) decision, Justice George Sutherland for the Court: Article II vests the President with power as \"Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States,\" and requires that the President \"shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed\". The Fourth Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights and prohibits \"unreasonable\" searches and seizures by the government. A search warrant must be judicially sanctioned, based on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation (usually by a law enforcement officer), particularly describing", "title": "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)" }, { "id": "20972310", "text": "through six exceptions: Any preexisting rules regarding search warrants are applied to the exceptions. When a search warrant for a customer's financial information is issued, the government has 90 days to inform the customer of the existence of the search warrant. A consumer can give permission to the government through written approval which allows the government access for a maximum of three months. At any given time, the consumer can void the approval. If the government is given access via approval, the financial institution holding the information must document which government agencies are given access. In the event that financial", "title": "Financial privacy laws in the United States" }, { "id": "15618622", "text": "Kentucky v. King Kentucky v. King, 563 U.S. 452 (2011), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that warrantless searches conducted in police-created exigent circumstances do not violate the Fourth Amendment so long as the police did not create the exigency by violating or threatening to violate the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution requires searches and seizures be reasonable. The Court has held a search or seizure without a warrant presumptively unreasonable. However, there are many exceptions to the warrant requirement, including exigent circumstances, search incident to arrest, consent search, plain", "title": "Kentucky v. King" }, { "id": "15618611", "text": "Kentucky v. King Kentucky v. King, 563 U.S. 452 (2011), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that warrantless searches conducted in police-created exigent circumstances do not violate the Fourth Amendment so long as the police did not create the exigency by violating or threatening to violate the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution requires searches and seizures be reasonable. The Court has held a search or seizure without a warrant presumptively unreasonable. However, there are many exceptions to the warrant requirement, including exigent circumstances, search incident to arrest, consent search, plain", "title": "Kentucky v. King" }, { "id": "2919497", "text": "this right can often require law enforcement to obtain a search warrant or consent of the owner before engaging in any form of search and seizure. In cases where evidence is seized in a search, that evidence might be rejected by court procedures, such as with a motion to suppress the evidence under the exclusionary rule. In Italy protection from search and seizure is enshrined in Article 14 of the Constitution, which states: \"The home is inviolable. Home inspections, searches, or seizures shall not be admissible save in the cases and manners complying with measures to safeguard personal liberty. Controls", "title": "Search and seizure" }, { "id": "17485617", "text": "in seizing goods and articles, law enforcement agents must secure and use search warrants whenever reasonably practicable. This rule rests upon the desirability of having magistrates rather than police officers determine when searches and seizures are permissible and what limitations should be placed upon such activities. \"Trupiano\" was overturned only two years later in \"United States v. Rabinowitz\" (1950), which allowed law enforcement to search and seize evidence at the site of an arrest. Trupiano v. United States Trupiano v. United States, 334 U.S. 699 (1948), was a US Supreme Court decision that ruled that warrantless searches following arrests were", "title": "Trupiano v. United States" }, { "id": "1300564", "text": "valid arrest warrant. A valid arrest warrant must be issued by a neutral judge or magistrate, who has determined there is probable cause for an arrest, based upon sworn testimony or an affidavit in support of the petition for a warrant. The arrest warrant must specifically identify the person to be arrested. If a law enforcement affiant provides false information or shows reckless disregard for the truth when providing an affidavit or testimony in support of an arrest warrant, that may constitute grounds to invalidate the warrant. These minimum requirements stem from the language contained in the Fourth Amendment. Federal", "title": "Arrest warrant" }, { "id": "13553879", "text": "funds when those funds become available, the US Supreme Court has ruled that a holder of a valid warrant cannot obtain a writ of mandamus for specific performance of the obligation to pay, enforced against a treasurer or other employee of the municipality. Warrants can be replaced with substitute checks under the Check 21 Act. Such substitute checks show the MICR routing numbers that identify them as warrants. In the UK, warrants are issued as payment by the NS&I when a Premium Bond is chosen. The difference between a warrant and a cheque is that a cheque usually places no", "title": "Warrant of payment" }, { "id": "428448", "text": "likely true than false. A \"practical, non-technical\" probability that incriminating evidence is involved is all that is required. In \"Illinois v. Gates\" (1983), the Court ruled that the reliability of an informant is to be determined based on the \"totality of the circumstances\". If a party gives consent to a search, a warrant is not required. There are exceptions and complications to the rule, including the scope of the consent given, whether the consent is voluntarily given, and whether an individual has the right to consent to a search of another's property. In \"Schneckloth v. Bustamonte\" (1973), the Court ruled", "title": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "1300571", "text": "court or for failing to appear in court as required. Unlike a basic arrest warrant, a bench warrant is not issued to initiate the first criminal action. For example, if a defendant is released on bail or under recognizance and misses a scheduled court appearance, or if a witness whose testimony is required in court does not appear as required by a subpoena, a bench warrant may be issued for that person's arrest. In cases where a bench warrant is issued to arrest people who posted bail and subsequently missed their court dates, usually after they are rearrested and brought", "title": "Arrest warrant" }, { "id": "1300553", "text": "on the premises, his observation is from a legitimate vantage point, and it is immediately obvious that the evidence is contraband. The plain view rule applies, for example, when the officer has pulled the suspect over for a seat belt violation and sees a syringe on the passenger seat. If the subject is arrested in a home or vehicle, police may perform a protective search to make sure that there are no weapons within the vicinity. For example, they may search for weapons the room where they arrested the subject of a warrant, and conduct a \"protective sweep\" of the", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "1300578", "text": "Probable cause In United States criminal law, probable cause is the standard by which police authorities have reason to obtain a warrant for the arrest of a suspected criminal or the issuing of a search warrant. The principle behind the standard is to limit the power of authorities to perform random or abusive searches (unlawful search and seizure), and to promote lawful evidence gathering and procedural form during criminal arrest and prosecution. The standard also applies to personal or property searches. The term comes from the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution: \"Probable\" in this case may relate to", "title": "Probable cause" }, { "id": "8812728", "text": "exception of states with this requirement, an officer is not required to obtain a warrant even if it may be possible to do so. In \"United States v. Ludwig\", the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals found that a search warrant is not required even if there is little or no risk of the vehicle being driven off. The court stated, \"[i]f police have probable cause to search a car, they need not get a search warrant first even if they have time and opportunity.\" In \"United States v. Johns\", the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a search of a vehicle that", "title": "Motor vehicle exception" }, { "id": "9246870", "text": "the execution of the warrant. English common law has required law enforcement to knock-and-announce since at least \"Semayne's case\" (1604), and in \"Miller v. United States\" (1958), the Supreme Court of the United States recognized that police must give notice before making a forced entry. In the U.S. federal criminal law, the rule generally requiring knock-and-announce is codified at 18 U.S.C § 3109. However, in \"Wilson v. Arkansas\" (1995) the Court created an exception to prevent the destruction of evidence and in \"Hudson v. Michigan\" (2006) the Court, by a 5-4 vote, held the exclusionary rule does not require the", "title": "No-knock warrant" }, { "id": "1300573", "text": "the jurisdiction) and order that person held without bail. An arrest warrant is an \"outstanding arrest warrant\" when the person named in the warrant has not yet been arrested. A warrant may be outstanding if the person named in the warrant is intentionally evading law enforcement, unaware that there is a warrant out for his or her arrest, the agency responsible for executing the warrant has a backlog of warrants to serve, or a combination of these factors. Some jurisdictions have a very high number of outstanding warrants. The vast majority in such American jurisdictions are for traffic related (non-violent)", "title": "Arrest warrant" }, { "id": "1300557", "text": "only is the expectation of privacy less at the border than in the interior, the Fourth Amendment balance between the interests of the Government and the privacy right of the individual is also struck much more favorably to the Government at the border. This balance at international borders means that routine searches are \"reasonable\" there, and therefore do not violate the Fourth Amendment's proscription against \"unreasonable searches and seizures\". A sneak and peek search warrant (officially called a delayed notice warrant and also a covert entry search warrant or a surreptitious entry search warrant) is a search warrant authorizing the", "title": "Search warrant" }, { "id": "428464", "text": "search exception. Most border searches may be conducted entirely at random, without any level of suspicion, pursuant to U.S. Customs and Border Protection plenary search authority. However, searches that intrude upon a traveler's personal dignity and privacy interests, such as strip and body cavity searches, must be supported by \"reasonable suspicion.\" The U.S. Courts of Appeals for the Fourth and Ninth circuits have ruled that information on a traveler's electronic materials, including personal files on a laptop computer, may be searched at random, without suspicion. The Supreme Court decision in \"United States v. U.S. District Court\" (1972) left open the", "title": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "12548637", "text": "and drug paraphernalia so that they can return with a traditional search warrant. Under the USA PATRIOT Act, signed into law during the 107th United States Congress, on October 26, 2001, for the first time in US history, sneak and peek warrants were used as standard procedure in investigations. Sneak and peek warrants are addressed in Section 213, under Title II, or the Enhanced Surveillance Procedures. Sneak and peek warrants are not exclusive to acts of foreign and domestic terrorism but are applicable to any federal crime, including misdemeanors. Sneak and peek warrant A sneak and peek search warrant (officially", "title": "Sneak and peek warrant" }, { "id": "1672821", "text": "a call of the house. The person being investigated, arrested, or having their property seized, pursuant to a warrant is given a copy of the warrant at the time of its execution. Warrant (law) A warrant is generally an order that serves as a specific type of authorization, that is, a writ issued by a competent officer, usually a judge or magistrate, which permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights and affords the person executing the writ protection from damages if the act is performed. A warrant is usually issued by a court and is directed to", "title": "Warrant (law)" }, { "id": "6705613", "text": "authorities seeking warrants that they can render an impartial decision. Evidence obtained in an unconstitutional search is inadmissible in a criminal trial (with certain exceptions). The Fourth Amendment explicitly allows reasonable searches, including searches without warrant in specific circumstances. Such circumstances include the persons, property and papers of individuals crossing the border of the United States and those of paroled felons; prison inmates, public schools and government offices; and of international mail. Although these are undertaken pursuant to a statute or an executive order, they derive their legitimacy from the Amendment, rather than these. The Tenth Amendment explicitly states that", "title": "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)" }, { "id": "9540188", "text": "Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable searches. The U.S. Supreme Court, in a 6-3 ruling, held that the search was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment only protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. Although a search is presumptively reasonable if carried out pursuant to a warrant issued upon a showing of probable cause, the Fourth Amendment does not require a showing of probable cause in all cases. When \"special needs\" outside of ordinary law enforcement needs make obtaining a warrant impractical, the Fourth Amendment allows officials to dispense with the formality of obtaining a warrant. Such \"special needs\" adhere", "title": "Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton" }, { "id": "2919502", "text": "search and seizure is in the court case Mapp V. Ohio. When an individual does not possess a \"reasonable expectation of privacy\" that society is willing to acknowledge in a particular piece of property, any interference by the government with regard to that property is not considered a search for Fourth Amendment purposes, and a warrant is never required. For example, courts have found that a person does not possess a reasonable expectation of privacy in information transferred to a third party, such as writing on the outside of an envelope sent through the mail or left for pick-up in", "title": "Search and seizure" }, { "id": "3663388", "text": "a person is in need of assistance; where entry is required to prevent harm to a person. In deciding whether such entry was legal, courts will consider whether a reasonable and prudent person would have considered there was need to make an immediate entry. Exigent circumstance An exigent circumstance, in the criminal procedure law of the United States, allows law enforcement, under certain circumstances, to enter a structure without a search warrant or, if they have a \"knock and announce\" warrant, without knocking and waiting for refusal. It must be a situation where people are in imminent danger, evidence faces", "title": "Exigent circumstance" }, { "id": "2919496", "text": "Search and seizure Search and Seizure is a procedure used in many civil law and common law legal systems by which police or other authorities and their agents, who, suspecting that a crime has been committed, commence a search of a person's property and confiscate any relevant evidence found in connection to the crime. Some countries have certain provisions in their constitutions that provide the public with the right to be free from \"unreasonable searches and seizures\". This right is generally based on the premise that everyone is entitled to a reasonable right to privacy. Though specific interpretation may vary,", "title": "Search and seizure" }, { "id": "318671", "text": "(usually 24–48 hours) before arraignment, using torture, abuse or physical threats to extract confessions, using excessive force to effect an arrest, and searching suspects' bodies or their homes without a warrant obtained upon a showing of probable cause. The four exceptions to the constitutional requirement of a search warrant are: In Terry v. Ohio (1968) the court divided seizure into two parts, the investigatory stop and arrest. The court further held that during an investigatory stop a police officer's search \" [is] confined to what [is] minimally necessary to determine whether [a suspect] is armed, and the intrusion, which [is]", "title": "Police" }, { "id": "6705619", "text": "exception\", which permits warrantless searches at the US border \"or its functional equivalent\" in \"United States v. Montoya De Hernandez\", 473 U.S. 531, 538. The US can do so as a sovereign nation to protect its interests. Courts have explicitly included computer hard drives within the exception (\"United States v. Ickes\", 393 F.3d 501 4th Cir. 2005), while \"United States v. Ramsey\", explicitly included all international postal mail. The Supreme Court has not ruled on the constitutionality of warrantless searches targeting foreign powers or their agents within the US. Multiple Circuit Court rulings uphold the constitutionality of warrantless searches or", "title": "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)" }, { "id": "1300589", "text": "as long as one of the exceptions to a warrant are present, such as plain view, incident to arrest, automobile, exigency, or with a stop and frisk. During a traffic stop and checkpoint, it is legal for police to allow a drug dog to sniff the exterior of the car. This is legal as long as it does not cause the traffic stop to be any longer than it would have been without the dog. If the dog finds a scent, it is again a substitute for probable cause. Under the 2001 USA Patriot Act, law enforcement officials do not", "title": "Probable cause" }, { "id": "3663383", "text": "Exigent circumstance An exigent circumstance, in the criminal procedure law of the United States, allows law enforcement, under certain circumstances, to enter a structure without a search warrant or, if they have a \"knock and announce\" warrant, without knocking and waiting for refusal. It must be a situation where people are in imminent danger, evidence faces imminent destruction, or a suspect's imminent escape. Once entry is obtained, the plain view doctrine applies, allowing the seizure of any evidence or contraband discovered in the course of actions consequent upon the exigent circumstances. In the criminal procedure context, exigent circumstance means the", "title": "Exigent circumstance" }, { "id": "2362479", "text": "cases to refer to an express requirement that the target of a search warrant must be \"particularly\" described in detail. Several years later, the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution also contained a particularity requirement that outlawed the use of writs of assistance (and all general search warrants) by the federal government. Later, the Fourth Amendment was incorporated against the states via the Fourteenth Amendment, and writs of assistance were proscribed. Writ of assistance A writ of assistance is a written order (a writ) issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official, such as a sheriff or a", "title": "Writ of assistance" }, { "id": "1462592", "text": "more specific subcategories. Regardless of what power a person is arrested under, they must be informed that they are under arrest and of the grounds for their arrest at the time or as soon after the arrest as is practicable, otherwise the arrest is unlawful. A justice of the peace can issue warrants to arrest suspects and witnesses. There are four subcategories of arrest without warrant: United States law recognizes the common law arrest under various jurisdictions. The police may arrest a person according to a warrant issued by a Magistrate under sections 31, 72, 73 or 74 of the", "title": "Arrest" }, { "id": "428476", "text": "January 2, 2014, that it will appeal the ruling that NSA bulk phone record collection is legal. \"The government has a legitimate interest in tracking the associations of suspected terrorists, but tracking those associations does not require the government to subject every citizen to permanent surveillance,\" deputy ACLU legal director Jameel Jaffer said in a statement. Citations Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures. In addition, it sets requirements for issuing warrants: warrants must be issued by", "title": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "11236888", "text": "the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, are permitted to search travelers and their belongings at the American border without probable cause or a warrant. Pursuant to this authority, customs officers may generally stop and search the property of any traveler entering the United States at random, or even based largely on ethnic profiles. At the border, customs officers and Border Patrol agents are authorized to search all travelers' closed containers without any level of suspicion. This authority extends to all physical containers, regardless of size or the possible presence of personal, confidential or embarrassing materials. Pursuant to this authority, Customs", "title": "Border search exception" }, { "id": "2571192", "text": "identify himself to the owner or tenant of such building or premises and seek the consent of such owner or tenant to carry out such inspection. If such consent is refused, or it is not possible to reasonably obtain consent, the fire marshal or his designated representative shall obtain a search warrant for such building or property in compliance with the provisions of title 13, chapter 38, article 8. C. When the fire marshal is assisting a local fire department in an investigation of fire damage, the authority of the local fire department to investigate such fire damage shall be", "title": "Fire marshal" }, { "id": "14381543", "text": "Constable and show his warrant card or similar, and a Constable (in uniform or otherwise) must state: Before searching an unattended vehicle, a Constable must leave a notice (inside the vehicle unless it is not reasonably practicable to do so without damaging the vehicle) stating: The above provisions do not apply to searches under section 6 of PACE or section 27(2) of the Aviation Security Act 1982, which both relate to vehicles leaving goods handling areas where searches are routine. A search without arrest is unlawful if it appears to the Constable, after first detaining the person or vehicle, that", "title": "Powers of the police in England and Wales" }, { "id": "9246872", "text": "of the warrant. No-knock warrants may be issued in every state except Oregon (where state law bans no-knock warrants) and Florida (in which a 1994 state supreme court decision prohibited no-knock warrants). 13 states have laws explicitly authorizing no-knock warrants and in twenty additional states no-knock warrants are routinely granted. The number of no-knock raids has increased from 3,000 in 1981 to more than 50,000 in 2005, according to Peter Kraska, a criminologist at Eastern Kentucky University in Richmond. Raids that lead to deaths of innocent people are increasingly common; since the early 1980s, forty bystanders have been killed, according", "title": "No-knock warrant" }, { "id": "4286169", "text": "of privacy by individuals can only be remedied under previous court decisions. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States ensures that \"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized\". The First Amendment protects the right to free assembly, broadening privacy rights. Some believe that the Ninth Amendment declares that the fact", "title": "Privacy laws of the United States" }, { "id": "11236885", "text": "Border search exception In United States criminal law, the border search exception or doctrine is a doctrine that allows searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalent without a warrant or probable cause. The doctrine is not regarded as an exception to the Fourth Amendment, but rather to its requirement for a warrant or probable cause. Balanced against the sovereign's interests at the border are the Fourth Amendment rights of entrants. Not only is the expectation of privacy less at the border than in the interior, the Fourth Amendment balance between the interests of the government and the", "title": "Border search exception" }, { "id": "7458646", "text": "United States v. Grubbs United States v. Grubbs, 547 U.S. 90 (2006), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the constitutionality of \"anticipatory\" search warrants under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Court ruled that such warrants, which are issued in advance of a \"triggering condition\" that makes them executable, are constitutional and do not need to describe that condition on their face. In this particular decision, which arose from a federal child pornography prosecution, the Court ruled that a warrant that was predicated on the undercover delivery of a videotape", "title": "United States v. Grubbs" }, { "id": "1300562", "text": "\"Haftbefehl\" (\"order of arrest\"). Arrest warrants serve the enforcement of the proper expiry for instance in the Code of Criminal Procedure, but also in the civil procedure law and in the administrative law and the special administrative procedures after the Tax Code, the Finance Court order or the social court law. The procedure for issuing arrest warrants differs in each of the three legal jurisdictions. In England & Wales, arrest warrants can be issued for both suspects and witnesses. Arrest warrants for suspects can be issued by a justice of the peace under section 1 of the Magistrates' Courts Act", "title": "Arrest warrant" }, { "id": "18746639", "text": "as to be likely to mislead the affected parties. Part 4, subpart 3 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012 sets out the requirements for lawfully carrying out a search once a warrant has been obtained. A search conducted without a search warrant or outside of the terms of a search warrant is highly likely to be unlawful and unreasonable. Warrantless searches are lawful in certain circumstances under Part 2 of the Search and Surveillance Act 2012. For example, where they are incidental to an arrest or drug offences. Generally police officers must have statutory authorisation to enter on to", "title": "Unreasonable search and seizure in New Zealand" }, { "id": "428460", "text": "the crime for which the person is being arrested will be found in the vehicle. A common law rule from Great Britain permits searches incident to an arrest without a warrant. This rule has been applied in American law, and has a lengthy common law history. The justification for such a search is to prevent the arrested individual 1.) from destroying evidence or 2.) using a weapon against the arresting officer by disarming the suspect. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that \"both justifications for the search-incident-to-arrest exception are absent and the rule does not apply\", when \"there is no possibility\"", "title": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "1300560", "text": "issue an arrest warrant when it is not achievable to summon or bring in for questioning a charged person and at the same time there is a reason for detention (i.e. concern that the charged person would either flee, interfere with the proceedings or continue criminal activity, see Remand in the Czech Republic). The arrest warrant includes: The arrest is conducted by the police. Following the arrest, the police must within 24 hours either hand the arrested person over to the nearest court or release the person. The court must immediately interview the arrested person, who has the right to", "title": "Arrest warrant" }, { "id": "4803378", "text": "\"automobile exception\". Justice Stevens delivered the opinion of the Court. Much of this case is derived from the precedent set in \"Carroll v. United States\", 267 U.S. 132 (1925), where the Supreme Court ruled that police officers may make a warrantless search of an automobile if they have probable cause to suspect that it contains contraband. This is known as the \"automobile exception\" to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement. The court's reasoning in \"Carroll v. United States\" was twofold: First, the \"practical mobility\" of an automobile made it impractical to take the time to get a search warrant from a", "title": "United States v. Ross" }, { "id": "6705646", "text": "inspect goods crossing the border. The ruling interpreted the Fourth Amendment to permit such searches. Courts have applied the border search exception to computers and hard drives, e.g., \"United States v. Ickes\", 393 F.3d 501 (4th Cir. 2005) Case law does not treat data differently than physical objects. Case law applies the exception to international airports and international mail (\"United States v. Ramsey\"). Case law is phrased broadly. The exception could analogously apply to monitoring an ISP or telephony provider. U.S. District Judge Dee Benson, who served on the FISC, stated that he was unclear on why the FISC's emergency", "title": "NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)" }, { "id": "11236896", "text": "totality of the circumstances provide the officer with reasonable suspicion. Border search exception In United States criminal law, the border search exception or doctrine is a doctrine that allows searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalent without a warrant or probable cause. The doctrine is not regarded as an exception to the Fourth Amendment, but rather to its requirement for a warrant or probable cause. Balanced against the sovereign's interests at the border are the Fourth Amendment rights of entrants. Not only is the expectation of privacy less at the border than in the interior, the Fourth", "title": "Border search exception" }, { "id": "8812559", "text": "which requires an officer to inform someone they have the right to deny a search and to make sure that person understands that right. The other is the \"NYPD ID\" law which requires the officer, in certain situations, to hand out business cards with their name, rank, badge number and command. Consent search Consent searches (or consensual searches) are searches made by police officers in the United States based on the voluntary consent of the individual whose person or property is being searched. The simplest and most common type of warrantless searches in the United States are searches based upon", "title": "Consent search" }, { "id": "2919508", "text": "denied by an officiating judicial authority. The primary remedy in illegal search cases is known as the \"exclusionary rule\". This means that any evidence obtained through an illegal search is excluded and cannot be used against the defendant at his or her trial. There are some narrow exceptions to this rule. For instance, if police officers acted in good faith—perhaps pursuant to a warrant that turned out to be invalid, but that the officers had believed valid at the time of the search—evidence may be admitted. In corporate and administrative law, there has been an evolution of Supreme Court interpretation", "title": "Search and seizure" }, { "id": "18738076", "text": "noted, the Amendment consists of two independent clauses joined by the conjunction \"and.\" See, e.g., Go-Bart Co. v. United States, 282 U. S. 344, 282 U. S. 356-357 (1931). The first clause forbids \"unreasonable searches and seizures\" of \"persons, houses, papers, and effects. . . .\" The second clause describes the circumstances under which a search warrant or arrest warrant may issue, requiring specification of the place to be searched as well as the persons or things to be seized. Much of the modern debate over the meaning of the Fourth Amendment has focused on the relationship between the reasonableness", "title": "Ybarra v. Illinois" }, { "id": "16536817", "text": "Minimally invasive warrantless search A minimally intrusive/invasive warrantless search is a type of search that does not breach the boundaries of the property and is performed without any prerequisite search warrant. These searches are contested regularly in courts, and have been ruled for and against under different circumstances. The primary debate concerns the method in which the search is conducted, and also the area being searched. Issues concerning warrantless search and subsequent seizure are always of local concern, because they are a community law enforcement issue as well as a national law issue. Debate centers on whether the home holds", "title": "Minimally invasive warrantless search" }, { "id": "12553092", "text": "be shown to him as soon as practicable. Where a warrant has been executed by an authorised officer who is not a civilian enforcement officer, a written statement indicating: shall, on the demand of the person arrested, committed or detained or against whom distress is levied, be shown to him as soon as practicable. An authorised officer may enter and search any premises for the purpose of executing a warrant of arrest, commitment or detention issued in proceedings for or in connection with any criminal offence. The power may be exercised only to the extent that it is reasonably required", "title": "Civilian enforcement officer" }, { "id": "428441", "text": "enforcement official is not allowed to place an individual under arrest simply because this person does not wish to state his identity, provided specific state regulations do not specify this to be the case. A search incidental to an arrest that is not permissible under state law does not violate the Fourth Amendment, so long as the arresting officer has probable cause. In \"Maryland v. King\" (2013), the Court upheld the constitutionality of police swabbing for DNA upon arrests for serious crimes, along the same reasoning that allows police to take fingerprints or photographs of those they arrest and detain.", "title": "Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "5680119", "text": "European Arrest Warrant The European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is an arrest warrant valid throughout all member states of the European Union (EU). Once issued, it requires another member state to arrest and transfer a criminal suspect or sentenced person to the issuing state so that the person can be put on trial or complete a detention period. An EAW can only be issued for the purposes of conducting a criminal prosecution (not merely an investigation), or enforcing a custodial sentence. It can only be issued for offences carrying a maximum penalty of 1 year or more in prison. Where the", "title": "European Arrest Warrant" }, { "id": "2919507", "text": "doctrines are reasonableness, probable cause , judicial authority, and particularity. While police judgment just before or during the course of a search or arrest usually provides the factors that determine reasonableness, matters of probable cause, judicial authority, and particularity requirements are commonly met through police procedures that are overseen by a court judge or magistrate prior to any search or arrest being conducted. Probable cause requires an acceptable degree of justified suspicion. Particularity requirements are spelled out in the constitution text itself. Law enforcement compliance with those requirements is scrutinized prior to the issuance of a warrant being granted or", "title": "Search and seizure" }, { "id": "7458652", "text": "separately in an opinion by Justice David Souter. The defendant had argued that anticipatory warrants in general violated the Fourth Amendment's requirement that \"no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause,\" because the anticipated probable cause does not exist at the time of the warrant's issuance. The Court first noted that the courts of appeals had unanimously rejected this argument. It asserted that all warrants are in a sense \"anticipatory,\" because any search is only reasonable if there is probable cause for it when the search is conducted. \"In the typical case where the police seek permission to search a", "title": "United States v. Grubbs" }, { "id": "17899930", "text": "shall issue, but upon probable cause...\" The Supreme Court has found that searches at the border are \"inherently reasonable,\" because the government has a right to protect itself and its country (see also: border search exception). Therefore, reasonable suspicion is not required to conduct routine searches at the border. There are exceptions for \"nonroutine searches\" and \"highly intrusive searches\" such as strip searches, body cavity searches, x-ray searches or searches carried out in a \"highly offensive or destructive manner,\" though the Supreme Court has not ruled on the level of suspicion required. House alleged that the search of his devices", "title": "House v. Napolitano" }, { "id": "7803448", "text": "agents of the British Empire utilized general warrants to authorize searches in the homes of colonists – such warrants allowed any place to be searched for any thing at any time, all at the whim of the holder. They were viewed as abuses of power, contributing to increased tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. The Fourth Amendment barred all warrantless searches and all general warrants; nevertheless, the interpretation and limitations of the Fourth Amendment and the permissibility of warrantless searches under certain circumstances (such as wartime) have been important in the history of executive and judicial power in", "title": "Warrantless searches in the United States" }, { "id": "9592042", "text": "of assistance, which is a type of general search warrant, in the American Revolution. Search and seizure (including arrest) must be limited in scope according to specific information supplied to the issuing court, usually by a law enforcement officer who has sworn by it. The amendment is the basis for the exclusionary rule, which mandates that evidence obtained illegally cannot be introduced into a criminal trial. The amendment's interpretation has varied over time; its protections expanded under left-leaning courts such as that headed by Earl Warren and contracted under right-leaning courts such as that of William Rehnquist. The Fifth Amendment", "title": "United States Bill of Rights" }, { "id": "12084205", "text": "24 hours, after which the search becomes a seizure, requiring probable cause. This bill was introduced, but never became law due to the starting of the new 111th session of Congress. United States v. Arnold United States v. Arnold, 533 F.3d 1003 (9th Cir. 2008), is a United States court case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution does not require government agents to have reasonable suspicion before searching laptops or other digital devices at the border, including international airports. This decision has caused worry", "title": "United States v. Arnold" }, { "id": "4860740", "text": "the UK police personnel authorized to carry firearms may have an endorsement on their warrant card to that effect. In the United Kingdom, a warrant card is evidence of a constable's sworn attestation. The power of a constable is in the person and not the warrant card (with the exception of a few services not sworn in by the Police Act 1996 or the Police (Scotland) Act 1967). A constable still holds the power to make an arrest off-duty and without a warrant card. However, force policy usually dictates police officers in plain-clothes are required to identify themselves and produce", "title": "Warrant card" }, { "id": "14381532", "text": "persons behavior or unusual circumstances. Powers to stop and search can be extended on a limited (by place and duration) basis by legislation such as s.60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 or ss.44-47 of the Terrorism Act 2000. Once a person has been arrested his/her vehicle or residence can be searched without the need for a warrant to be obtained for the purpose of obtaining evidence connected to the offence causing the arrest, as long as the offence or suspected offence was indictable. This power is provided by Section 18(1) or 18(5) and/or 32(2) of PACE", "title": "Powers of the police in England and Wales" }, { "id": "18577545", "text": "could it decide in this case, whether or under what circumstances an officer must obtain a warrant before he may lawfully enter a private place to effect an arrest. See Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103, 113 n. 13; Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443, 474-481; Davis v. Mississippi, 394 U.S. 721, 728; Jones v. United States, 357 U.S. 493, 499-500.\" Thurgood Marshall dissented, with Brennan joining, claiming that this decision gave broad powers to police to arrest suspects in public without a warrant. Furthermore, he argues that the cases cited in the majority opinion do not support the", "title": "United States v. Watson" }, { "id": "11913843", "text": "(1976). But the requirement that a misdemeanor must have occurred in the officer's presence to justify a warrantless arrest is not grounded in the Fourth Amendment, see Street v. Surdyka, 492 F.2d 368, 371-372 (CA4 1974); 2 W. LaFave, Search and Seizure § 5.1 (1978), and we have never held that a warrant is constitutionally required to arrest for nonfelony offenses occurring out of the officer's presence. Thus, \"it is generally recognized today that the common law authority to arrest without a warrant in misdemeanor cases may be enlarged by statute, and this has been done in many of the", "title": "Welsh v. Wisconsin" } ]

[ "1,506,000 US gal" ]

[ { "id": "17335008", "text": "Ripley's Aquarium of Canada Ripley's Aquarium of Canada is a public aquarium in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The aquarium is one of three aquariums owned and operated by Ripley Entertainment. It is located in downtown Toronto, just southeast of the CN Tower. The aquarium has 5.7 million litres (1.5 million gallons) of marine and freshwater habitats from across the world. The exhibits hold more than 20,000 exotic sea and freshwater specimens from more than 450 species. A Ripley's Aquarium was originally planned in 2004 to be built in Niagara Falls, Ontario next to what is now Great Wolf Lodge around 2007,", "title": "Ripley's Aquarium of Canada" }, { "id": "17335013", "text": "is the Gardiner Expressway by exiting at York Street. The underground PATH pathway system will eventually be extended to the site from the east. The aquarium holds 5.7 million litres (1.5 million gallons) of water and shows marine and freshwater habitats from around the world. The aquarium is organized into ten galleries: Canadian Waters, Rainbow Reef, Dangerous Lagoon, Discovery Centre, The Gallery, Ray Bay, Swarm: Nature by Numbers, Planet Jellies, Life Support Systems and the Shoreline Gallery. It is home to more than 20,000 animals. Ripley's Aquarium of Canada Ripley's Aquarium of Canada is a public aquarium in Toronto, Ontario,", "title": "Ripley's Aquarium of Canada" }, { "id": "3985984", "text": "The Deep (aquarium) The Deep is a public aquarium situated at Sammy's Point, at the confluence of the River Hull and the Humber Estuary in Hull, England. It opened in March 2002. Billed as \"the world's only submarium\", the tanks contain thousands of sea creatures (including seven species of shark), of water and of salt housed in a building designed by Sir Terry Farrell and built as part of the UK National Lottery's Millennium Commission project. The Deep is also a landmark centre for marine research. Staff marine biologists look after the animals in The Deep's collection as well as", "title": "The Deep (aquarium)" }, { "id": "5972091", "text": "two structures, the original River Journey building which opened in 1992 and the neighboring Ocean Journey expansion, which opened in 2005. The River Journey facility is a 130,000 square foot structure equivalent in height to a twelve-story building. It contains a total of , and was the largest freshwater aquarium in the world when it opened. It is organized around the theme of the Story of the River, following the path of a raindrop from high in the Appalachian Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico. Approximately two-thirds of the facility's display follows this theme, with the rest devoted to smaller", "title": "Tennessee Aquarium" }, { "id": "5265325", "text": "The Seas with Nemo & Friends The Seas with Nemo & Friends (formerly The Living Seas) is an aquarium and attached dark ride attraction in Future World at Epcot at the Walt Disney World Resort. The attraction is themed as an underwater exploration base, with several exhibits devoted to oceanic study. The pavilion opened in 1986, but had been planned as part of the park since its opening in 1982. The Living Seas opened to the public on January 15, 1986. It housed the largest saltwater tank in the world at its completion, holding of water, but was surpassed in", "title": "The Seas with Nemo & Friends" }, { "id": "4467918", "text": "Polyphonic Spree. In the book, Hornby describes the people who run \"The Believer\" as being \"all dressed in white robes and smiling maniacally, sort of like a literary equivalent of the Polyphonic Spree.\" (pg. 30) There are three follow-up books, \"Housekeeping vs. The Dirt\" (2006), \"Shakespeare Wrote for Money\" (2008) and \"More Baths Less Talking\" (2012). Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read:", "title": "The Polysyllabic Spree" }, { "id": "6012260", "text": "very sensitive and endangered sea creature from facing extinction. The Coral Caves is home to tanks of live coral and fish such as Clownfish and Regal blue tang, which are popular with children due to them being characters in the film Finding Nemo. After Coral caves, visitors enter The Tunnel, a acrylic tunnel that goes through four tanks: Rainbow Reef, Atlantis, Wild Amazon, and Sturgeon Lake. Mysteries of the Rainforest is the final, and most recent exhibit in the aquarium, and features Caiman, Poison Dart Frogs, Tortoises, and Piranha. Sharky, Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium's mascot, roams the Mall of America,", "title": "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium" }, { "id": "7255887", "text": "year the city took over managerial control of the Aquarium and briefly closed it. In May 2003, management of Great Lakes Aquarium was turned over to Ripley's Entertainment, Leisure Entertainment Corporation, best known for its \"Believe it or Not\" museums. The company eliminated 2/3 of aquarium staff and cut costs, bringing it back from the immediate threat of permanent closure. Under successive declining years of attendance, Ripley's ended its relationship with the Aquarium in 2007. At that time, the board of directors decided to return management of the facility back to local control and recruited Jack LaVoy to serve as", "title": "Great Lakes Aquarium" }, { "id": "2767894", "text": "Clem Gretter (1941-1949); Carl Dorese; Bob Clarke (1943-1944); Stan Randall; Paul Frehm (1938–1975), who became the panel's full-time artist in 1949; and his brother Walter Frehm (1948–1989). Ripley's ideas and legacy live on in Ripley Entertainment, a company bearing his name and owned since 1985 by the Jim Pattison Group, Canada's largest privately held company. Ripley Entertainment airs national television shows, features publications of oddities, and has holdings in a variety of public attractions, including Ripley's Aquarium, Ripley's Believe it or Not! Museums, Ripley's Haunted Adventure, Ripley's Mini-Golf and Arcade, Ripley's Moving Theater, Ripley's Sightseeing Trains, Guinness World Records Attractions,", "title": "Robert Ripley" }, { "id": "3287022", "text": "the Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium, Ripley's Aquarium of the Smokies, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and The Florida Aquarium in Tampa, Florida. and the Mote Aquarium in Sarasota, Florida., Ripley's Aquarium Broadway at the Beach, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The leafy seadragon is the official marine emblem of the state of South Australia. It also features in the logos of the following South Australian associations — the Adelaide University Scuba Club Inc. and the Marine Life Society of South Australia Inc. A biennial Leafy Sea Dragon Festival is held within the boundaries of the District Council of Yankalilla in South Australia. It", "title": "Leafy seadragon" }, { "id": "12323996", "text": "about 0.023% of Earth's total mass. Less than 3% is freshwater; the rest is saltwater, almost all of which is in the ocean. The area of the World Ocean is about 361.9 million square kilometers (139.7 million square miles), which covers about 70.9% of Earth's surface, and its volume is approximately 1.335 billion cubic kilometers (320.3 million cubic miles). This can be thought of as a cube of water with an edge length of . Its average depth is about , and its maximum depth is at the Mariana Trench. Nearly half of the world's marine waters are over deep.", "title": "Ocean" }, { "id": "3287021", "text": "the Aquarium of Western Australia. Ripley's Aquarium of Canada in Toronto displays both leafy and weedy seadragons. A number of aquaria in the United States have leafy seadragon research programs or displays. Among these are the Adventure Aquarium in Camden, New Jersey, Aquarium of the Pacific at Long Beach, the Birch Aquarium at Scripps, San Diego, the Minnesota Zoo, the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California, the Dallas World Aquarium, Texas, the New England Aquarium, Boston, the Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium in Tacoma, Washington, the Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, the California Academy of Sciences, the Tennessee Aquarium, Sea World Orlando, Florida,", "title": "Leafy seadragon" }, { "id": "17335012", "text": "the aquatic world.\" There are also coloured surfaces that juxtapose reflective aluminum soffits. The building was designed with special shielding so that sharks would not be disturbed by its electrical systems. The building is located on Bremner Boulevard, to the east of the Rogers Centre, just south of the CN Tower and across the street from the Roundhouse Railway Museum. The aquarium is accessible from the Union subway station using the SkyWalk pedestrian pathway. The building does not have parking of its own. Parking is available in several underground parking garages nearby and surface parking lots. The nearest highway access", "title": "Ripley's Aquarium of Canada" }, { "id": "18439466", "text": "with 36 aquaria whose volume total was 550,000 litres. Within 12 years, the building welcomed seven million visitors. The aquarium moved due to this success, and a new one was inaugurated near the Vieux-Port, in the middle of the city of La Rochelle, in 2001. With a surface area of over , it is part of the biggest European public aquariums. It exhibits more than 12,000 animals of 600 different species which are split into 3 million litres of seawater, including 1.5 million litres for the sharks area. It welcomes around 800,000 visitors per year. The Aquarium de La Rochelle", "title": "Aquarium de La Rochelle" }, { "id": "411958", "text": "national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border. Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge; Ripley's Aquarium of the Smokies and Ober Gatlinburg in Gatlinburg; the Parthenon, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville; the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg; Elvis Presley's Graceland residence and tomb, the Memphis Zoo, the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis; and Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol. The earliest variant of the name that became \"Tennessee\"", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "id": "3106398", "text": "Great Smoky Mountains National Park (9 million visitors per year), the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga (one million visitors per year), Zoo Knoxville (over 400,000 visitors per year), and historical sites such as the Museum of Appalachia and Rugby. Other significant employers included the Chattanooga trucking firms U.S. Xpress (8,100 employees) and Covenant Transportation (5,000 employees), and the Y-12 facility in Oak Ridge (4,750 employees). Mussel shoals in the upper Tennessee River valley, mainly above Knoxville, constitute the only important source of freshwater pearls in the United States. The Tennessee Valley Authority, with administrative operations headquartered in Knoxville and power operations", "title": "East Tennessee" }, { "id": "4504040", "text": "animals for breeding. The aquarium covers approximately and has a total of water in 166 aquatic displays. There are a number of different galleries, several of which were built at different times throughout the aquarium's history. This central indoor exhibit consists of a tank directly adjacent to the entrance. Fish and invertebrates from the Strait of Georgia are displayed in the exhibit. Originally this gallery included the Beluga whales along with several non-living displays. In October 2009, a new exhibit opened here displaying several other arctic species, including fishes and invertebrates, along with expanded non-living exhibits as part of the", "title": "Vancouver Aquarium" }, { "id": "8440980", "text": "frequent and almost always not seriously considered when they were first developed. The total volume of water on Earth is estimated at 1.386 billion km³ (333 million cubic miles), with 97.5% being salt water and 2.5% being fresh water. Of the fresh water, only 0.3% is in liquid form on the surface. In addition, the lower mantle of inner earth may hold as much as 5 times more water than all surface water combined (all oceans, all lakes, all rivers). The total volume of water in rivers is estimated at 2,120 km³ (510 cubic miles), or 2% of the surface", "title": "Water distribution on Earth" }, { "id": "7230389", "text": "American Otter exhibit towards the existing Pelican pond. Other new plans include updated local fish exhibits. Albuquerque Aquarium The ABQ Biopark Aquarium, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States is a facility of the Albuquerque Biological Park and is located next door to the Rio Grande Botanic Garden. The ABQ Biopark Aquarium exhibits Gulf of Mexico and South Pacific saltwater species from a variety of habitats, including surf zone, shallow waters, coral reefs, open ocean and deep ocean. The highlight of the aquarium is a shark tank with a -wide, -high, -thick acrylic viewing window. \"Jellies: Aliens of the Sea\",", "title": "Albuquerque Aquarium" }, { "id": "3044151", "text": "over 800,000 visitors each year, including 50,000 students, to learn about their impacts on marine life. It also conducts research on marine life. In June 2013, an expansion opened that includes a new gift store and café, as well as two new exhibits: Window on Washington Waters and Crashing Waves. Seattle Aquarium The Seattle Aquarium is a public aquarium opened in 1977 and located on Pier 59 on the Elliott Bay waterfront in Seattle, Washington, USA. It is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). The aquarium opened on May 20, 1977, and was initially owned and operated", "title": "Seattle Aquarium" }, { "id": "7230383", "text": "Albuquerque Aquarium The ABQ Biopark Aquarium, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States is a facility of the Albuquerque Biological Park and is located next door to the Rio Grande Botanic Garden. The ABQ Biopark Aquarium exhibits Gulf of Mexico and South Pacific saltwater species from a variety of habitats, including surf zone, shallow waters, coral reefs, open ocean and deep ocean. The highlight of the aquarium is a shark tank with a -wide, -high, -thick acrylic viewing window. \"Jellies: Aliens of the Sea\", featuring moon jellies and Japanese sea nettles, and the \"Pacific Coral Reef Tunnel\" are popular with", "title": "Albuquerque Aquarium" }, { "id": "7388645", "text": "South Carolina Aquarium The South Carolina Aquarium, located in Charleston, South Carolina, opened on May 19, 2000 on the historic Charleston Harbor. It is home to more than ten thousand plants and animals including North American river otters, loggerhead sea turtles, alligators, great blue herons, owls, lined seahorses, jellyfish, pufferfish, green moray eels, horseshoe crabs, sea stars, pythons, and sharks. The largest exhibit in the zoo is the Great Ocean Tank, which extends from the first to the third floor of the Aquarium and is the deepest tank in North America (42 feet); it holds more than of water and", "title": "South Carolina Aquarium" }, { "id": "16796493", "text": "nicknamed \"Bubba.\" Robert Wholey decided to spare the lobster and sent him to the Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium, who had planned to transport him to a Ripley's Believe It or Not! aquarium. He died the next day. In 2012, Wholey's celebrated its 100th anniversary with a three–day celebration. Luke Wholey, a member of the Wholey family, opened a seafood restaurant called Wild Alaskan Grille. Wholey's Wholey’s , officially known as Robert Wholey & Co. Inc., is a prominent fish market and grocery store in Pittsburgh's historic Strip District neighborhood. In 2007, The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette wrote that they are a", "title": "Wholey's" }, { "id": "3985986", "text": "to extend the foreshore and create the land that now holds The Deep. Sammy's Point was named for Martin Samuelson, who built a shipyard there in 1857. The land was bought by a succession of owners, all in the ship business, and was then used by the Humber Conservancy as a buoy depot, but was abandoned in the 1980s. About half of the financing for the aquarium was from the Millennium Commission, with the rest of the £52.285 million for initial construction coming from various other sources. Operational funding is from membership, ticket, and retail sales. The building was designed", "title": "The Deep (aquarium)" }, { "id": "151974", "text": "been set in 1964. By April 2015 the water level had recovered to 7 inches (17.5 cm) more than the \"long term monthly average\". The Great Lakes contain 21% of the world's surface fresh water: , or 6.0×10 U.S. gallons, that is 6 quadrillion U.S gallons, (2.3×10 liters). This is enough water to cover the 48 contiguous U.S. states to a uniform depth of . Although the lakes contain a large percentage of the world's fresh water, the Great Lakes supply only a small portion of U.S. drinking water on a national basis. The total surface area of the lakes", "title": "Great Lakes" }, { "id": "5224799", "text": "Aquatic ecosystem An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in a body of water. Communities of organisms that are dependent on each other and on their environment live in aquatic ecosystems. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Marine ecosystems, the largest of all ecosystems, cover approximately 71% of the Earth's surface and contain approximately 97% of the planet's water. They generate 32% of the world's net primary production. They are distinguished from freshwater ecosystems by the presence of dissolved compounds, especially salts, in the water. Approximately 85% of the dissolved materials in seawater are", "title": "Aquatic ecosystem" }, { "id": "111090", "text": "of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean with a depth of . The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35 metric tons or about 1/4400 of Earth's total mass. The oceans cover an area of with a mean depth of , resulting in an estimated volume of . If all of Earth's crustal surface were at the same elevation as a smooth sphere, the depth of the resulting world ocean would be . About 97.5% of the water is saline; the remaining 2.5% is fresh water. Most fresh water, about 68.7%, is present as ice in ice caps and", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "20214140", "text": "Education: Marcie Wolfe, Mt. Ogden Middle School Government: Industry: Academia: Education: Industry: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Academia Education: Industry: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Academia: Government: Industry: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Academia: Industry: Education: Special: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Special: Academia: Education Government: Industry: Special: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Academia: Education: Government: Industry: Special: Academia: Education: Industry: Government: Special: Academia: Education: Industry: Government: Academia: Education: Industry: Government: Academia: Education: Industry: Government: Special: Academia: Education: Industry: Government: Special: Academia: Education: Industry: Government:", "title": "Utah Governor's Medal for Science and Technology" }, { "id": "7836365", "text": "below the water's surface from underwater viewing tunnels, and from above on an open-air deck. The Seal Sanctuary is incorporated into the Southern Oceans exhibit, which also features little penguins, the Open Ocean Oceanarium, and Sydney Harbour displays. In October 1998, the Great Barrier Reef complex opened comprising a tropical touch pool, a live coral cave, coral atoll, two circular gateway displays and a massive Great Barrier Reef oceanarium. Over 6,000 animals are housed in the oceanarium which contains 2.6 million litres (572,000 imp gal, 687,000 U.S. gal) of water pumped from Darling Harbour, filtered and heated before it flows", "title": "Sea Life Sydney Aquarium" }, { "id": "3218479", "text": "donated by The Coca-Cola Company, just north of Centennial Olympic Park and near Mercedes Benz Stadium, the Georgia World Congress Center, State Farm Arena, and CNN Center. Its blue metal-and-glass exterior is meant to evoke a giant ark breaking through a wave. The world's largest when it opened in November 2005. At that time the aquarium encompassed of covered space and its exhibits held of fresh and salt water. Subsequent additions to the collection and redesign of some habitats have increased the total water held to . After 27 months of construction, the aquarium opened on November 21, 2005, with", "title": "Georgia Aquarium" }, { "id": "1223400", "text": "system, caters to area tourists. The Gatlinburg SkyLift takes visitors up 1,800 feet to the top of Crockett Mountain, and the Gatlinburg Space Needle provides a 360-degree view of the Smoky Mountains from its 407-foot observation tower. The attraction includes glass elevators, educational exhibits on the history of Gatlinburg, a two-story arcade, and unique shows and performances at the Iris Theater. The Ripley's group of attractions includes Ripley's Aquarium of the Smokies, which opened in 1997 and features special exhibits covering subjects such as the \"Titanic\", pirates, and the planet Mars, Ripley's Haunted Adventure, Odditorium, Mirror Maze, 5D Moving Theater,", "title": "Gatlinburg, Tennessee" }, { "id": "5054094", "text": "because of a downturn in the U.S. economy. The aquarium was not able to make payments on its high construction debt, and Colorado Ocean Journey Liquidation Inc. filed bankruptcy April 2002 with a $62.5 million debt. After a last-minute bidding war with Ripley's Entertainment, Landry's Restaurants, Inc. purchased the facility in March 2003 for $13.6 million. After the purchase, the facility remained open to the public until the summer of 2005, when it closed briefly for renovations. These included the addition of a full-service restaurant, bar, and ballroom. A marine aquarium was added to the restaurant area. Upon its reopening", "title": "Downtown Aquarium, Denver" }, { "id": "4503236", "text": "2005, the park was awarded for \"Outstanding Achievement in thematic creative design\" by the Themed Entertainment Association. uShaka Sea World the fifth largest aquarium in the world, with 32 tanks totalling 17,500 cubic meters of water. The underground aquarium is designed around five shipwrecks, with its entrance through the above ground \"Phantom Ship\", which contains several restaurants including the \"Cargo Hold,\" with a wall sized shark aquarium visible from most of the dining areas, and the \"Upper Deck,\" with views of the open sea exhibits that surround the \"ship\". The dolphin stadium can seat 1,200 visitors, and the seal stadium", "title": "UShaka Marine World" }, { "id": "15347745", "text": "food. Adventure Aquarium The Adventure Aquarium, formerly the New Jersey State Aquarium, is a for-profit educational entertainment attraction operated in Camden, New Jersey on the Delaware River Camden Waterfront by the Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation. Originally opened in 1992, it re-opened in its current form on May 25, 2005 featuring about 8,000 animals living in varied forms of semi-aquatic, freshwater, and marine habitats. The facility has a total tank volume of over , and public floor space of . The aquarium was originally known as the New Jersey State Aquarium at Camden, and was operated by the non-profit New Jersey", "title": "Adventure Aquarium" }, { "id": "2902990", "text": "was also number one in its second weekend, grossing another $50,251,359, dropping just 29 percent, and easily out-grossing new animated opener \"The Polar Express\". The film ultimately grossed $261,441,092, making it the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2004. Worldwide, the film grossed $631,442,092, ranking fourth for 2004. It is also the second-highest-grossing 2004 animated film behind \"Shrek 2\" ($919.8 million). The film received a 97% approval rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on 238 reviews, with an average rating of 8.3/10. which, , makes it the 20th-highest-rated animated film of all time. The site's consensus reads \"Bringing loads of wit and", "title": "The Incredibles" }, { "id": "4565659", "text": "Aquarium of the Pacific The Aquarium of the Pacific (formerly the Long Beach Aquarium of the Pacific) is a public aquarium on a site on Rainbow Harbor in Long Beach, California, United States. It is situated across the water from the Long Beach Convention Center, Shoreline Village, and the Queen Mary Hotel and Attraction. The Aquarium sees 1.5 million visitors a year and has a total staff of over 900 people including more than 300 employees and about 650 volunteers. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit aquarium. The Aquarium is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).", "title": "Aquarium of the Pacific" }, { "id": "9133464", "text": "of any zoo-aquarium in the United States. The aquarium closed in October 2012 for renovations and re-opened in March 2015. The updated aquarium contains 3000+ aquatic animals in of water, including the largest tank with . The total water volume is nearly four times as much as the previous aquarium. Two new additions are a large touch tank containing various stingrays and small sharks and a smaller touch tank housing invertebrates, such as multiple species of Starfish, a wide variety Hermit Crabs, Horseshoe crabs and Pencil Sea Urchins. The renovations took two and half years and preserved the exterior of", "title": "Toledo Zoo" }, { "id": "4504063", "text": "veterinarian and his two children, Nicole and Jonah. A YouTube video featuring two sea otters \"holding hands\" was recorded at the Vancouver Aquarium. The two sea otters are Nyac and Milo. Nyac died on September 23, 2008. She was one of the last surviving sea otters of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. The video has been viewed over 19 million times on YouTube. As a result, the Vancouver Aquarium created a live sea otter cam on their website. The YouTube video was originally recorded by Cynthia Holmes. Milo died on January 12, 2012. The Vancouver Aquarium was also featured", "title": "Vancouver Aquarium" }, { "id": "9504462", "text": "1996 Olympics. The company then donated the land in 2002, to provide a home for visitor attractions. The world's largest aquarium with more than 8.1 million US gallons (31,000 m³) of marine and fresh water, housing more than 100,000 animals of 500 different species. The aquarium's notable specimens include four young whale sharks, including Alice and Trixie, four beluga whales named Qinu, Aurek, Maple, and Nunavik, and two manta rays, Nandi and Tallulah. The World of Coca-Cola is a permanent exhibition featuring the history of the Coca-Cola Company and its well-known advertising, plus a host of entertainment areas and attractions.", "title": "Pemberton Place" }, { "id": "15110893", "text": "was the aquarium's 88 pound octopus. At the time it was a record for captured octopuses. The octopus was captured in the Puget Sound. As people have protested against facilities like SeaWorld and the Miami Seaquarium, there were protests at the aquarium. Seattle Marine Aquarium The Seattle Marine Aquarium (originally known as the Seattle Public Aquarium) was a privately owned aquarium that was opened in 1962 and closed in 1977, and was located on Pier 56 on the Elliott Bay waterfront in Seattle, Washington, USA. The aquarium was created in 1962 and was initially owned and operated by Ted Griffin.", "title": "Seattle Marine Aquarium" }, { "id": "6012255", "text": "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium is a public aquarium located in the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States. It is home to thousands of aquatic creatures, including a large collection of sharks, sea turtles, stingrays and freshwater fish. The aquarium also features sea turtles, octopuses, and lobsters. Freshwater exhibits include game fish from the northern region of the United States, several giant catfish and a alligator gar from the southern United States. The aquarium includes a clear acrylic tunnel that lets visitors explore the underwater world while remaining dry. The thickness and curvature of the", "title": "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium" }, { "id": "15347727", "text": "Adventure Aquarium The Adventure Aquarium, formerly the New Jersey State Aquarium, is a for-profit educational entertainment attraction operated in Camden, New Jersey on the Delaware River Camden Waterfront by the Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation. Originally opened in 1992, it re-opened in its current form on May 25, 2005 featuring about 8,000 animals living in varied forms of semi-aquatic, freshwater, and marine habitats. The facility has a total tank volume of over , and public floor space of . The aquarium was originally known as the New Jersey State Aquarium at Camden, and was operated by the non-profit New Jersey Academy", "title": "Adventure Aquarium" }, { "id": "9664499", "text": "birds such as scarlet ibis and toucans flying freely. While winding their way through the rainforest, visitors see the only public display of three-toed sloths and Antillean manatees in the United States, plus animals such as electric eels, caecilians, tamarins, poison dart frogs, Orinoco crocodiles, and vampire bats. The lower level houses aquaria featuring fish, sea anemones, coral, jellyfish, and other sea animals from around the world. The 10 main tanks feature the aquatic life of Japan, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, British Columbia, the Bahamas, Fiji, Palau, Southern Australia, Lord Howe Island, and the Solomon Islands. Other tanks on display include", "title": "Dallas World Aquarium" }, { "id": "2613328", "text": "Lake Okeechobee Lake Okeechobee (), also known as Florida's Inland Sea, is the largest freshwater lake in the state of Florida. It is the ninth largest natural freshwater lake in the United States and the second largest natural freshwater lake (the largest being Lake Michigan) contained entirely within the contiguous United States. Okeechobee covers , approximately half the size of the state of Rhode Island, and is exceptionally shallow for a lake of its size, with an average depth of only . The lake is divided between Glades, Okeechobee, Martin, Palm Beach, and Hendry counties. All five counties meet at", "title": "Lake Okeechobee" }, { "id": "2613306", "text": "Lake Okeechobee Lake Okeechobee (), also known as Florida's Inland Sea, is the largest freshwater lake in the state of Florida. It is the ninth largest natural freshwater lake in the United States and the second largest natural freshwater lake (the largest being Lake Michigan) contained entirely within the contiguous United States. Okeechobee covers , approximately half the size of the state of Rhode Island, and is exceptionally shallow for a lake of its size, with an average depth of only . The lake is divided between Glades, Okeechobee, Martin, Palm Beach, and Hendry counties. All five counties meet at", "title": "Lake Okeechobee" }, { "id": "7255879", "text": "Great Lakes Aquarium The Great Lakes Aquarium opened in 2000 and is located on the Duluth waterfront. A 501(c)(3) private nonprofit, its mission is to inspire people to explore their connection to Lake Superior and waters of the world. Great Lakes Aquarium features animals and habitats found within the Great Lakes basin and other freshwater ecosystems such as the Amazon River. The Aquarium houses 205 different species of fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals. It is one of few aquariums in the United States that focuses predominantly on freshwater exhibits. Many of the main exhibits at Great Lakes Aquarium (GLA)", "title": "Great Lakes Aquarium" }, { "id": "933749", "text": "workers made repairs and renovations of the courthouse during the 1930s. An extensive remodeling project in the 1970s added central heating. The century-old courthouse is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and celebrated its centennial during the 1999 Labor Day Homecoming Festivities. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.3%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 13,509 people, 5,416 households, and 3,845 families residing in the county. The population density was 22 people per square mile (8/km²). There were 6,392 housing", "title": "Ripley County, Missouri" }, { "id": "1193667", "text": "1950 and 263 in 1960. The population rebounded to 451 in 1980 and 376 in 1990.It peaked again in 2009 at 510, just 7 years later in 2016 it dropped to 403 people. Ripley is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Ripley is located on the Cimarron River, east of Stillwater on State Highway 51 and south on State Highway 108. As of the census of 2000, there were 444 people, 158 households, and 118 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,189.9 people", "title": "Ripley, Oklahoma" }, { "id": "3347849", "text": "Freshwater ecosystem Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams, springs,Bogs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. Freshwater habitats can be classified by different factors, including temperature, light penetration, nutrients, and vegetation. Freshwater ecosystems can be divided into lentic ecosystems (still water) and lotic ecosystems (flowing water). Limnology (and its branch freshwater biology) is a study about freshwater ecosystems. It is a part of hydrobiology. Original attempts to understand and monitor freshwater ecosystems were spurred on by threats to human health (ex. Cholera", "title": "Freshwater ecosystem" }, { "id": "19480599", "text": "yachts; today Sutton Harbour has more than 450. The Marina is managed by Sutton Harbour Holdings PLC. The National Marine Aquarium is the largest marine aquarium in the United Kingdom, with around 400 marine species, including a deep tank holding 2.5 million litres (550,000 Imperial gallons) of water. The aquarium opened in 1998. Sutton Harbour Sutton Harbour, formerly known as Sutton Pool, is the original port of the City of Plymouth in Devon, England. It is still a busy fishing port and marina and is bounded on one side by the historic Barbican district. It is famous as the last", "title": "Sutton Harbour" }, { "id": "12728109", "text": "skating or tobogganing. FortWhyte’s lakes, forest and marsh are well travelled, with over 100,000 visitors benefiting from our many programs and exhibits annually. The award-winning 6,700 sq. ft. Alloway Reception Centre offers a broad range of visitor services including The Nature Shop and the outstanding Buffalo Stone Café. The striking 10,000 sq. ft. Interpretive Centre features fascinating exhibits including the Aquarium of the Prairies (Manitoba’s largest indoor aquarium), the Prairie Partners Room, the Touch Museum, the Climate Change Greenhouse and Prairie Soils dioramas among other exhibits relating to the environment and sustainable development. The secluded Siobhan Richardson Field Station and", "title": "FortWhyte Alive" }, { "id": "5972092", "text": "aquatic exhibits hosting organisms from around the world. Major exhibits in River Journey include: River Journey also displays turtles, seahorses, frogs and other aquatic and marine life. Ocean Journey, a 60,000 square foot structure equivalent in height to a ten-story building, opened in 2005 and contains a total of . It ostensibly follows the theme of the River Journey by following the river into the Gulf of Mexico. This facility includes hyacinth macaws, a touch tank of small sharks and rays, and a butterfly garden with free-flying South American species. Major exhibits in Ocean Journey include: In addition to its", "title": "Tennessee Aquarium" }, { "id": "1222589", "text": "square and adjacent areas. Work began in the fall of 2008 and the courthouse square was completed in May 2010. Ripley, Tennessee Ripley is a city in Lauderdale County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 7,844 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Lauderdale County. The current Mayor is Jon Pavletic. The current County Mayor is Maurice Gaines. Ripley is located at (35.743115, −89.533872). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.31%) is water. Ripley is located on the southeastern edge of the New", "title": "Ripley, Tennessee" }, { "id": "6117283", "text": "Biodiversity Database, which is open to the public. In 2006, the aquarium became a partner in SeafoodWatch, a program that encourages consumers to make responsible seafood choices that have a low impact on the environment and promote sustainable fisheries. The Maritime Aquarium is approximately and has more than 177,000 gallons of water in its live animal exhibits. On exhibit are more than 2,000 marine animals and reptiles, representing in excess of 300 species. Its 93 exhibit tanks range in size from 10 to 110,000 gallons. There are two exhibit pools: seals and ray touch. Off-exhibit are more than 30 additional", "title": "Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk" }, { "id": "13826145", "text": "the larger creatures inhabit the aquarium’s centerpiece exhibit, the Living Shipwreck. Along with hundreds of schooling fishes and other animals, they create a swirl of constant motion around a replica of U-352, a German submarine that lost a World War II battle with a Coast Guard cutter off the North Carolina coast. The aquarium’s three river otters also have lived up to expectations of stardom. With the help of the public, two were named Neuse and Pungo after North Carolina rivers. Neuse and Pungo came to the aquarium when they were about a year old in 2006. Eno, the third", "title": "North Carolina Aquariums" }, { "id": "13826149", "text": "Breakfast with the Rays are offered year-round. The North Carolina Aquarium on Roanoke Island is a facility located on the Outer Banks. Aquarium visitors are able to explore some of the state’s ecosystems and learn about the animals inhabiting them, beginning with Coastal Freshwaters and ending at the Open Ocean exhibit, also called the Graveyard of the Atlantic. This 285,000 gallon, exhibit houses the largest collection of sharks in the state, along with many species of game fishes. It also features a replica of the USS \"Monitor\", a Civil War ironclad which sank off the coast of Cape Hatteras in", "title": "North Carolina Aquariums" }, { "id": "8731813", "text": "Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner", "title": "Hurston-Wright Legacy Award" }, { "id": "14710975", "text": "control. The long shelf life of this etchant allows the solution to be stored in large quantities. The present report summarizes the highlights of the Wright etch. For a detailed discussion of observation and findings, please consult the original article. The composition of the Wright etch is as follows: 60 ml conc. HF (hydrofluoric acid) 30 ml conc. HNO (nitric acid) 30 ml of 5 mole CrO (mix 1 gram of chromium trioxide per 2 ml of water; the numbers are suspiciously round because the molecular weight of chromium trioxide is almost exactly 100) 2 grams Cu (NO)2 . 3HO", "title": "Wright etch" }, { "id": "3985990", "text": "also hosts group sleepovers and a variety of special events during the year. The Deep is also home to the \"Two Rivers Restaurant\", described as one of the most unusual restaurants Hull has to offer. It is located in the heart of the aquarium. The menu is inspired by locally sourced and sustainable ingredients and diners can watch fish swim past in the tank next to them. The Deep (aquarium) The Deep is a public aquarium situated at Sammy's Point, at the confluence of the River Hull and the Humber Estuary in Hull, England. It opened in March 2002. Billed", "title": "The Deep (aquarium)" }, { "id": "17871068", "text": "the Maritime Southeast Asia, and the Southern Cone of the Americas. Antarctica is solely within the water hemisphere, though sources differ as to whether it is considered land for the purposes of calculation. Most of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are on the water hemisphere. Proportionately, the Water Hemisphere is approximately 89% water, 6% dry land and 5% polar ice cap. The below table follows the assignments of Alphonse Berget of land to the two hemispheres. Land and water hemispheres The land and water hemispheres of Earth, sometimes capitalised as the Land Hemisphere and Water Hemisphere, are the", "title": "Land and water hemispheres" }, { "id": "15100888", "text": "to another zoo in 2018, till then they will reside in the Toronto Zoo. The High Park Zoo is also located in Toronto. It comprises 399 acres of land which includes animals like peacocks, deers, sheep and many more. More than 250,000 people visit the High Park Zoo every year. Various Farms are also present in Toronto, which include substantial amount of farm animals. Furthermore, Ripley's Aquarium of Canada is an attraction that is located in downtown Toronto. It is Canada's largest indoor aquarium which means that it is easily accessible not only in the summer but also in the", "title": "Tourism in Toronto" }, { "id": "13961409", "text": "Greensboro Science Center The Greensboro Science Center (formerly known as the Natural Science Center of Greensboro, originally the Greensboro Junior Museum) is a science museum and zoological park established in 1957 and located in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. It has been accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 2008, and is a member of the American Alliance of Museums (AAM). The Greensboro Science Center (GSC) was established in 1957 as the Greensboro Junior Museum. By its 40th anniversary in 1997, it was attracting some 200,000 visitors each year, and attendance has continued to grow to 430,000", "title": "Greensboro Science Center" }, { "id": "6326", "text": "as pressurized or refrigerated anhydrous liquid ammonia transported in tank cars or cylinders. NH boils at at a pressure of one atmosphere, so the liquid must be stored under pressure or at low temperature. Household ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution of NH in water. The concentration of such solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale (density), with 26 degrees baumé (about 30% (by weight) ammonia at ) being the typical high-concentration commercial product. Ammonia is a chemical found in trace quantities in nature, being produced from nitrogenous animal and vegetable matter. Ammonia and ammonium salts are", "title": "Ammonia" }, { "id": "893054", "text": "in the United States—Boston's New England Aquarium (1969) and Baltimore's National Aquarium (1981)—focused on \"magnificent coral reef exhibits or big sharks\", and displayed few local species. Monterey Bay Aquarium displays 35,000 animals belonging to over 550 species in of water. Filtered seawater from Monterey Bay is pumped into the Kelp Forest and other exhibits at per minute. At night, unfiltered seawater (or \"raw seawater\") is used for the Kelp Forest exhibit to maintain its realistic appearance. The use of unfiltered seawater allows animals to grow in the aquarium's plumbing so it must occasionally be cleaned with tools called pigs, which", "title": "Monterey Bay Aquarium" }, { "id": "9635228", "text": "2005, formerly the New Jersey State Aquarium (1992). The first Japanese public aquarium, a small freshwater aquarium, was opened at the Ueno Zoo in 1882. In 2005, the Georgia Aquarium, with more than 8 million U.S. gallons (6.7 million imp gal; 30 million L) of marine and fresh water, and more than 100,000 animals of 500 different species opened in Atlanta, Georgia. The aquarium's notable specimens include whale sharks and beluga whales. Modern aquarium tanks can hold millions of litres of water and can house large species, including dolphins, sharks or beluga whales. This is accomplished through thick, clear acrylic", "title": "Public aquarium" }, { "id": "5972123", "text": "Tennessee Aquarium The Tennessee Aquarium is a non-profit public aquarium located in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States. It opened in 1992 on the banks of the Tennessee River in downtown Chattanooga, with a major expansion added in 2005. The Aquarium, which has been accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 1993, is home to more than 12,000 animals representing almost 800 species. More than 20 million people have visited the facility, with the twenty-millionth visitor arriving in March 2013. It is consistently recognized as one of the country's top public aquariums. The Tennessee Aquarium's exhibits are housed in", "title": "Tennessee Aquarium" }, { "id": "5972090", "text": "Tennessee Aquarium The Tennessee Aquarium is a non-profit public aquarium located in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States. It opened in 1992 on the banks of the Tennessee River in downtown Chattanooga, with a major expansion added in 2005. The Aquarium, which has been accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 1993, is home to more than 12,000 animals representing almost 800 species. More than 20 million people have visited the facility, with the twenty-millionth visitor arriving in March 2013. It is consistently recognized as one of the country's top public aquariums. The Tennessee Aquarium's exhibits are housed in", "title": "Tennessee Aquarium" }, { "id": "12295637", "text": "John Ripley Forbes John Ripley Forbes (25 August 1913 – 26 August 2006) was an American naturalist and conservationist who helped found hundreds of nature museums for children in over 200 communities and thirty states. His museums were noted for their interactivity as children could often even borrow animals. Forbes appreciation for nature was fostered during time spent at his family's summer cottage on Birch Island in Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire. As a child he also was a frequent visitor to the Boston Children's Museum, the Brooklyn Children's Museum, and the American Museum of Natural History. As a teenager,", "title": "John Ripley Forbes" }, { "id": "4839083", "text": "collection of jungle-inspired restaurants and retail villages. In 2002, the company acquired three national restaurants, including Saltgrass Steak House; Chart House; and Muer Restaurants, a series of seafood restaurants. In 2003, the company opened the Downtown Aquarium, a 20-acre entertainment complex in Houston with an aquarium; a restaurant built around a 150,000-gallon, floor-to-ceiling centerpiece aquarium; a bar; banquet facilities; amusement rides; and midway games. A train carries guests into a tunnel running through a 250,000-gallon shark tank. Other Aquarium restaurants have since opened in Denver; Nashville; and on the Kemah Boardwalk in Texas. In 2005, the company acquired Golden Nugget", "title": "Landry's, Inc." }, { "id": "18861529", "text": "a small area is in West Pittston. There are approximately of streams in the watershed. The largest land use in the watershed of Hicks Creek is forested land, which makes up 57.0 percent of the total land area. Most of it is in the northern part of the watershed. The second-largest land use is residential land, which makes up 19.6 percent of the total land area. 6.7 percent each is devoted to open space and meadows, while 5.5 percent is commercial land. A total of 2.2 percent is abandoned mining land, 1.8 percent is agricultural land, and 0.5 percent is", "title": "Hicks Creek (Susquehanna River tributary)" }, { "id": "1294137", "text": "of this amount. Fresh water accounts for only 2.5%. Of this fresh water, 68.9% is in the form of ice and permanent snow cover in the Arctic, the Antarctic, and mountain glaciers. 30.8% is in the form of fresh groundwater. Only 0.3% of the fresh water on Earth is in easily accessible lakes, reservoirs and river systems. The total mass of the Earth's hydrosphere is about 1.4 × 10 tonnes, which is about 0.023% of Earth's total mass. About 20 × 10 tonnes of this is in Earth's atmosphere (for practical purposes, 1 cubic meter of water weighs one tonne).", "title": "Hydrosphere" }, { "id": "15514167", "text": "display at the Scottsdale Pavilions shopping center in Arizona. In May 2010, Sea Life Arizona, a -aquarium, opened in the Arizona Mills Mall in Tempe. Sea Life Arizona is operated by Merlin Entertainments Group, the second-largest themed attraction operator in the world behind Disney. The Tempe aquarium is one of 33 Sea Life museums operated by Merlin in eleven countries. The aquarium features more than 5,000 sea creatures including sea horse, octopus and sting-ray exhibits. The Pop Culture Experience museum opened April 8, 2011 in Desert Ridge Shopping Mall in north Phoenix, and features Apollo 11 memorabilia, Barbie dolls, Superman", "title": "Mall museums" }, { "id": "11441014", "text": "ZooAmerica ZooAmerica is a zoo located in Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. The zoo was founded in 1910 by Milton S. Hershey with a few animals, including bears, birds, and deer. Today, the zoo covers 11 acres and is home to more than 75 species and 200 individual animals, including some that are rare and endangered. The zoo is privately controlled by the Hershey Trust Company and is connected to Hershey Park. ZooAmerica is also an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). In 1905, Franz and Louise Zinner", "title": "ZooAmerica" }, { "id": "7255883", "text": "and Osetra came from Sturgeon Aquafarms in Florida. 19 satellite tanks are at various locations and contain animals such as fish, frogs, salamanders and snakes. There is also a wide variety of interactive electronic exhibits located throughout the museum. Great Lakes Aquarium also features a local history center, a science center and cultural exhibits. In May 2010, Great Lakes Aquarium opened its current rotating exhibit \"Masters of Disguise\" in the Sandra and Roger Karon Exhibit Hall. This intriguing attraction explores camouflage, coloring, mimicry and other visual tricks and behaviors that help sea creatures and land animals hide in plain sight.", "title": "Great Lakes Aquarium" }, { "id": "14586300", "text": "Lists of tourist attractions in England This article contains lists of tourist attractions in England. Amongst the most popular amusement and theme parks in England are Pleasure Beach Blackpool, Alton Towers, Thorpe Park and Legoland Windsor. There are very few surviving Anglo-Saxon buildings in England, however countless artefacts from the age can be seen in museums across the country. Some of England's larger and most visited aquariums include the Blue Planet Aquarium, The Deep, the National Sea Life Centre and Oceanarium Bournemouth. London's National Gallery and Tate Modern both received in excess of 4.7 million visitors in 2009. Other notable", "title": "Lists of tourist attractions in England" }, { "id": "9635229", "text": "glass windows. Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals, including otters, and seals are often cared for at aquariums. Some establishments, such as the Oregon Coast Aquarium or the Monterey Bay Aquarium, have aquatic aviaries. Modern aquariums also include land animals and plants that spend time in or near the water. For marketing purposes, many aquariums promote special exhibits, in addition to their permanent collections. Some have aquatic versions of a petting zoo. The Monterey Bay Aquarium has a shallow tank filled with common types of rays which visitors are encouraged to touch. The South Carolina Aquarium lets visitors feed the rays in", "title": "Public aquarium" }, { "id": "9728026", "text": "Shark Reef at Mandalay Bay The Shark Reef Aquarium at Mandalay Bay is a public aquarium located at and owned by the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. Its main tank is , one of the largest in North America. The facility is , and displays numerous different species of sharks, rays, fish, reptiles, and marine invertebrates. It also features a shark tunnel. The reef was developed in consultation with the Vancouver Aquarium. Shark Reef was built at a cost of $40 million, and was opened on June 20, 2000. In 2007, it underwent a re-branding campaign", "title": "Shark Reef at Mandalay Bay" }, { "id": "2173876", "text": "of six private picnic areas inside the park. Signs are posted prohibiting guests from bringing in outside food and drink. A casual sit down restaurant called Hersheypark Place (formerly Tudor Grill) is located just outside the park. A Chickie and Pete's Crab House restaurant and a frozen yogurt stand was added for the 2014 season. A Chick-fil-A restaurant (closed Sundays) was added for the 2017 season. Also included in the price of admission is access to ZooAmerica. It is open year-round and offers 11-acres of land to visit and walk throughout. ZooAmerica houses \"more than 200 animals from five regions", "title": "Hersheypark" }, { "id": "12440329", "text": "Figures from the 2005/2006 APPMA National Pet Owners Survey report that Americans own approximately 139 million freshwater fish and 9.6 million saltwater fish. Estimates of the numbers of fish kept in aquaria in Germany suggest at least 36 million. The hobby has the strongest following in Europe, Asia, and North America. In the United States, 40% of aquarists maintain two or more tanks. Over time, there has been an increasing appreciation of the usefulness of access to an aquarium to provide potential stress reduction and improvement of mood in people observing aquatic life. Most aquaria consist of glass panes bonded", "title": "Aquarium" }, { "id": "19360619", "text": "OdySea Aquarium OdySea Aquarium in Scottsdale, Arizona, is a marine aquarium, and the largest aquarium in the Southwest United States. It holds more than of water and spans over . There are over 30,000 animals and 500 different species in 50 exhibits. The aquarium offers an educational, interactive and entertaining experiences for guests of all ages. The aquarium offers a 3D movie, SeaTREK underwater ocean walking, and a Living Sea Carousel which takes guests through the Open Ocean, Sea Turtle, Sea Lion/Seal and Shark exhibits. Its features include 9 massive globe-shaped aquariums suspended from the lobby ceiling, a giant martini", "title": "OdySea Aquarium" }, { "id": "1222583", "text": "Ripley, Tennessee Ripley is a city in Lauderdale County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 7,844 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Lauderdale County. The current Mayor is Jon Pavletic. The current County Mayor is Maurice Gaines. Ripley is located at (35.743115, −89.533872). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (0.31%) is water. Ripley is located on the southeastern edge of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, an area with a high earthquake risk. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,844 people,", "title": "Ripley, Tennessee" }, { "id": "3218477", "text": "Georgia Aquarium The Georgia Aquarium is a public aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. It houses more than a hundred thousand animals and represents several thousand species, all of which reside in of marine and salt water. It was the largest aquarium in the world from its opening in 2005 until 2012, when it was surpassed by Marine Life Park in Singapore. A $250 million donation from businessman Bernard Marcus's foundation provided the bulk of the money needed to build and stock the new facility. The Aquarium's notable specimens include whale sharks, beluga whales, California sea lions, bottlenose dolphins, and manta", "title": "Georgia Aquarium" }, { "id": "719753", "text": "in 1926 as Hellmann's Blue Ribbon Mayonnaise. In the United States, mayonnaise sales are about $1.3 billion per year. A typical formulation for commercially made mayonnaise (not low fat) can contain as much as 80% vegetable oil, usually soybean but sometimes olive oil. Water makes up about 7% to 8% and egg yolks about 6%. Some formulas use whole eggs instead of just yolks. The remaining ingredients include vinegar (4%), salt (1%), and sugar (1%). Low-fat formulas will typically decrease oil content to just 50% and increase water content to about 35%. Egg content is reduced to 4% and vinegar", "title": "Mayonnaise" }, { "id": "2761380", "text": "following a seizure after having been undergoing treatment for an undisclosed medical condition over the course of several months. On August 27, 2012, Mauyak gave birth to a female calf, Kimalu, bringing the total number of belugas at Shedd to seven. Yaku (M), Mari (F), and Kiana (F) Kenai (\"Exxon Valdez\" oil spill survivor) was euthanized on October 9, 2012 due to failing health brought on by advancing years. Kachemak (oldest sea otter in a North American Aquarium/Zoo) was euthanized on August 24, 2013 due to failing health related to age. Luna (F). Ellie (F) Kri (F), Ipo (F), Katrl", "title": "Shedd Aquarium" }, { "id": "5054092", "text": "Downtown Aquarium, Denver Downtown Aquarium (formerly Colorado's Ocean Journey) is a public aquarium and restaurant located in Denver, Colorado at the intersection of I-25 and 23rd Ave. The main building sits on a site adjacent to the South Platte River. Its freshwater and marine aquaria total approximately , and exhibit a variety of fish and other animals. The Downtown Aquarium in Denver is owned and operated by Landry's Restaurants, Inc., and is the largest aquarium between Chicago and California. It is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Colorado's Ocean Journey was founded by Bill Fleming and Judy", "title": "Downtown Aquarium, Denver" }, { "id": "6761640", "text": "online purchase. Throughout the 30 years the sampler raised over $13 million for Minnesota non-profits and charities. Pressings: 10,000 Format: Cassette tape & CD Pressings: 10,000 Format: Cassette tape & CD Pressings: 10,000 Format: Cassette tape & CD Pressings: 12,000 Format: Cassette tape & CD Pressings: 12,000 Format: Cassette tape & CD Format: Cassette tape & CD Format: Cassette tape & CD Format: Cassette tape & CD Format: CD Format: CD Pressings: 27,000 Format: CD Pressings: 27,000 Format: CD Pressings: 30,000 Format: CD Pressings: 30,000 Format: CD Pressings: 30,000 Format: CD Pressings: 35,000 Format: CD Pressings: 35,000 Format: CD Pressings:", "title": "Cities 97 Sampler" }, { "id": "5156726", "text": "of species being bred and cared for before entering the main exhibits. This process is the most important moment for the species, as they grow and are placed into an ecosystems suited to their natural lifestyle This zone includes 'Biozone' and the 'Great Barrier Reef'. Biozone showcases the amazing biodiversity found in the world's oceans and displays longhorn cowfish, lionfish, Giant Pacific Octopus Enteroctopus dofleini and seahorses. The Great Barrier Reef exhibit is the grand finale of the visit. The second largest tank at 700,000 litres, and by far the most colourful, the reef is home to over 70 species", "title": "National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth" }, { "id": "3223884", "text": "president of research and collections at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, was named Samper's successor effective October 29, 2012. Johnson oversees a museum with 460 employees and a $68 million budget. The Smithsonian gives an approximate number for artifacts and specimens of 127.3 million. More specifically, the collections include 30 million insects, 4.5 million plants preserved in the Museum's herbarium, and 7 million fish stored in liquid-filled jars. Of the 2 million cultural artifacts, 400,000 are photographs housed in the National Anthropological Archives. Through an off-site active loan and exchange program, the museum's collections can be accessed. As", "title": "National Museum of Natural History" }, { "id": "12440318", "text": "large tanks. A large aquarium may have otters, turtles, dolphins, and other sea animals. Most aquarium tanks also have plants. An aquarist owns fish or maintains an aquarium, typically constructed of glass or high-strength acrylic. Cuboid aquaria are also known as fish tanks or simply tanks, while bowl-shaped aquaria are also known as fish bowls. Size can range from a small glass bowl, under a gallon in volume, to immense public aquaria of several thousand gallons. Specialized equipment maintains appropriate water quality and other characteristics suitable for the aquarium's residents. In 1369, the Hongwu Emperor of China established a porcelain", "title": "Aquarium" }, { "id": "4076472", "text": "more successful and widespread marine fishkeeping. The major components are an aquarium, usually made from glass or acrylic, filtration equipment, lighting, and an aquarium heater. Marine aquariums can range in volume from less than 80 litres, (< 20 US gal) to over 1,200 litres (300 US gal). Small volumes are more difficult to maintain due to the more rapid changes in water chemistry. The majority of saltwater aquariums are between 160 and 400 litres (40 and 100 US gal). Marine aquarists typically divide saltwater aquariums into those housing fish only, those housing fish with live rock, and those primarily designed", "title": "Marine aquarium" }, { "id": "18439465", "text": "Aquarium de La Rochelle Aquarium de La Rochelle is a family-owned public aquarium in La Rochelle, France. It has a surface area of over with 3 million litres of seawater. It has 73 display aquaria and 150 quarantine aquaria exhibiting more than 12,000 animals of 600 different species. It has an average of 800,000 visitors per year. In 1988, during the second international aquarium congress in Monaco, the opening of the Aquarium La Rochelle was announced as being the one of the biggest French aquarium at the time. The aquarium, then located near the marina of Les Minimes, was over", "title": "Aquarium de La Rochelle" }, { "id": "12440350", "text": "water chemistry, and therefore how organisms interact with their environment. Salt content, or salinity, is the most basic measure of water conditions. An aquarium may have freshwater (salinity below 500 parts per million), simulating a lake or river environment; brackish water (a salt level of 500 to 30,000 PPM), simulating environments lying between fresh and salt, such as estuaries; and salt water or seawater (a salt level of 30,000 to 40,000 PPM), simulating an ocean environment. Rarely, higher salt concentrations are maintained in specialized tanks for raising brine organisms. Saltwater is typically alkaline, while the pH (alkalinity or acidicity) of", "title": "Aquarium" }, { "id": "6012262", "text": "public. The young shark survived the attack and made a full recovery. Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium is a public aquarium located in the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States. It is home to thousands of aquatic creatures, including a large collection of sharks, sea turtles, stingrays and freshwater fish. The aquarium also features sea turtles, octopuses, and lobsters. Freshwater exhibits include game fish from the northern region of the United States, several giant catfish and a alligator gar from the southern United States. The aquarium includes a clear acrylic tunnel that lets visitors explore", "title": "Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium" }, { "id": "631462", "text": "42 counties and 838 municipalities in five U.S. states—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. This total area constitutes approximately 0.4% of the land mass in the United States. In 2001, the watershed was 18% agricultural land, 14% developed land, and 68% forested land. There are 216 tributary streams and creeks—an estimated 14,057 miles of streams and creeks—in the watershed. While the watershed is home to 4.17 million people according to the 2000 Federal Census, these bodies of water provide drinking water to 17 million people—roughly 6% of the population of the United States. The waters of the Delaware", "title": "Delaware River" }, { "id": "997284", "text": "Coffman Cove, Alaska Coffman Cove is a city in Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska, in the United States. It is located on Prince of Wales Island. The population was 176 at the 2010 census, down from 199 in 2000. Coffman Cove is located at (56.012137, -132.828840). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (30.03%) is water. Coffman Cove first appeared on the 1980 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP). It was incorporated as a city in 1989. As of the census", "title": "Coffman Cove, Alaska" }, { "id": "18082600", "text": "claim the aquarium as the largest in Latin America, however the Dominican Republic's is much larger at 34,500m². Acuario Inbursa The Acuario Inbursa is an aquarium in the Nuevo Polanco area of Miguel Hidalgo district, Mexico City. It is the largest in Mexico with 3500 square meters of exhibition space and 1.6 million liters of ocean water. The project of billionaire Carlos Slim, it cost 250 million Mexican pesos, or 19 million US dollars, to build. It opened in June 2014 with 3000 animals of 230 different species, with plans by the end of the year to have 10,000 animals", "title": "Acuario Inbursa" }, { "id": "18200719", "text": "water aquarium called the Dee and Charles Stottlemyer Children's Aquarium. The aquarium is arch-shaped and forms the entrance to the youth library. It holds of water, weighs empty, and is , , and . Designed by architects Gary Hoyt and Jeff Hole with assistance from Kevin Curlee, Mote Aquarium Curator, the aquarium was funded by Dee and Charles Stottlemyer. It was installed on July 8, 1999, and tropical fish were added to the tank on August 16, 1999. The aquarium was dedicated on October 23, 1999. The bookstore at the Selby Public Library was renovated in 2017 to expand accessibility", "title": "Selby Public Library" }, { "id": "5054097", "text": "for the restaurant tank. The facility features several interactive exhibits, including a horseshoe crab touch tank and a stingray touch-and-feed tank. The aquarium continues to focus on conservation. To that end, it houses numerous endangered or threatened species: 12 species of fish, six of reptiles, two of mammals, and two of birds. It participates in the AZA's Species Survival Plan for Sumatran tigers. A volunteer program administered by the Deep Blue Sea Foundation, a nonprofit group, is in place. The Deep Blue Sea Foundation was formed after Landry's purchased the aquarium to ensure the educational goals of the original founders", "title": "Downtown Aquarium, Denver" }, { "id": "1253909", "text": "which, 29.5 square miles (76.5 km²) of it is land and 39.2 square miles (101.6 km²) of it (57.07%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,003 people, 483 households, and 301 families residing in the town. The population density was 34.0 people per square mile (13.1/km²). There were 1,029 housing units at an average density of 34.9 per square mile (13.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.21% White, 0.10% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were", "title": "Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin" }, { "id": "20727041", "text": "Shreveport Aquarium The Shreveport Aquarium is an aquarium located in Shreveport, Louisiana, United States. The aquarium is adjacent to the Red River, near the Texas Street Bridge. It holds seven galleries that hold the 3,000 animals in its care, and a restaurant named SALT (Sea Air Land and Time). It is open all-year to the public as a for-profit aquarium, and is currently seeking membership of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. The galleries are entered as visitors walk from the entrance to the exit. The first encounter is the WOW Gallery, which contains mainly reef fish like blue tangs", "title": "Shreveport Aquarium" } ]

[ "16 December 1995" ]

[ { "id": "121777", "text": "in Madrid. The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1:1 (US$1.1743). Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002, making it the day-to-day operating currency of its original members, and by March 2002 it had completely replaced the former currencies. While the euro dropped subsequently to US$0.83 within two years (26 October 2000), it has traded above the U.S. dollar since the end of 2002, peaking at US$1.60 on 18 July 2008. In late 2009, the", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "9333724", "text": "midnight on 1 January 1999, when the national currencies of participating countries (the eurozone) ceased to exist independently in that their exchange rates were locked at fixed rates against each other, effectively making them mere non-decimal subdivisions of the euro. The euro thus became the successor to the European Currency Unit (ECU). The notes and coins for the old currencies, however, continued to be used as legal tender until new notes and coins were introduced on 1 January 2002 (having been distributed in small amounts in the previous December). Beginning on 1 January 1999, all bonds and other forms of", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "1826822", "text": "circulation known as the Euro, adopted by eleven of then-fifteen members of the European Union in January 1999. In doing so, they disaggregated their sovereignty in matters of monetary policy. These countries continued to circulate their national legal tenders, exchangeable for euros at fixed rates, until 2002 when the ECB began issuing official Euro coins and notes. , the EMU comprises 17 nations which have issued the Euro, and 11 non-Euro states. Following the market turbulence of the 1990s financial crises and September 11 attacks on the U.S. in 2001, financial integration intensified among developed nations and emerging markets, with", "title": "Global financial system" }, { "id": "121793", "text": "cheques, electronic transfers, banking, etc.) at midnight on 1 January 1999, when the national currencies of participating countries (the eurozone) ceased to exist independently. Their exchange rates were locked at fixed rates against each other. The euro thus became the successor to the European Currency Unit (ECU). The notes and coins for the old currencies, however, continued to be used as legal tender until new euro notes and coins were introduced on 1 January 2002. The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, until 28 February", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "13039389", "text": "pegged to the French franc. Between 2010 and 2012, new agreements between the EU and Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City came into force. A similar agreement was negotiated with Andorra and came into force on 1 April 2012. Andorra did not previously have an official currency. Prior to 2002, it used both the French franc and Spanish peseta as \"de facto\" legal tender currencies, though they never had an official monetary arrangement with either country, and switched to the euro (without any monetary agreement) when it was introduced on 1 January 2002. After years of negotiations, partially over", "title": "International status and usage of the euro" }, { "id": "9333754", "text": "official currency. The euro is only used in the government-controlled areas of the Republic, the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (under UK jurisdiction, outside the EU) and in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus. The de facto Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus continues to use the new Turkish lira as its primary currency and the euro as its secondary currency. Malta replaced the Maltese lira with the euro on 1 January 2008. The aims were officially confirmed on 26 February 2007. On 16 May 2007, the Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs of the EU, Joaquín Almunia,", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "13151420", "text": "The shift of international industrial production out of Europe is a key outcome of globalization. The Euro became the official currency of certain European Union members on January 1, 2001. The currency was signed into effect in 1992 in the Treaty of Maastricht. The initial idea behind the Euro was that it eliminates exchange rates between European nations and makes currency fluctuation risks minimal. The nations involved in the initial treaty were Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. These nations agreed in principle to the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1999 and", "title": "Economic history of Europe" }, { "id": "13039402", "text": "would replace the US dollar with the euro as its official currency for the purposes of international trading. On 1 December 2002, North Korea did the same. (Its internal currency, the wŏn, is not convertible and thus cannot be used to purchase foreign goods. The euro also enjoys popularity domestically, especially among elites and resident foreigners.) Syria followed suit in 2006. In 2000, President of Iraq Saddam Hussein began the sale of his country's oil denominated in euros rather than US dollars since the majority of Iraqi oil trade was with the EU, India and China rather than the United", "title": "International status and usage of the euro" }, { "id": "121775", "text": "Euro The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 of member states of the European Union, as well as some of the territories of the EU. This group of states is known as the eurozone or euro area. It is the second largest and second most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States dollar. The euro is subdivided into 100 cents. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and its territories, four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "14146520", "text": "500 euro note The five hundred euro note (€500) is the highest-value euro banknote and was produced between the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002 until 2014. As of 2018, the banknote is still under circulation. It was one of the highest-value circulating banknotes in the world, worth around 620 USD, 3,914 CNY, 66,413 JPY, 584 CHF or 440 GBP. The note is used in the 23 countries which have the euro as their sole currency (with 22 legally adopting it), with a population of about 343 million. Initially, the high denomination notes were introduced very", "title": "500 euro note" }, { "id": "9333712", "text": "History of the euro The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999, although it had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s. After tough negotiations, particularly due to opposition from the United Kingdom, the Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating an economic and monetary union by 1999 for all EU states except the UK and Denmark (even though Denmark has a fixed exchange rate policy with the euro). In 1999 the currency was born virtually and in 2002 notes and coins began to circulate. It rapidly", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333735", "text": "coffee bar in Italy that took advantage of the transition to raise coffee prices by a third was ordered to pay compensation to customers. Nations were allowed to keep legacy currency in circulation as legal tender for two months, until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state. The earliest date was in Germany; the Mark officially ceased to be legal tender after 31 December 2001. Most member states, though, permitted their legacy currency to remain in circulation the full two months. The legacy currency", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333736", "text": "was exchangeable at commercial banks in the currency's nation for a further period, generally until 30 June 2002. However, even after the official dates, they continued to be accepted for exchange by national central banks for varying periods—and indefinitely in Austria, Germany, Ireland, and Spain. Coins from those four countries, Italy, and Finland remain exchangeable. The earliest coins to become non-convertible were the Portuguese escudos, which ceased to have monetary value after 31 December 2002, although banknotes remain exchangeable until 2022. All banknotes current on 1 January 2002 would remain valid until at least 2012. In Germany, Deutsche Telekom modified", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333720", "text": "succeeding the EMCF, under Maastricht. It was created as the forerunner to the European Central Bank. It met for the first time on 12 January under its first president, Alexandre Lamfalussy. After much disagreement, in December 1995 the name \"euro\" was adopted for the new currency (replacing the name \"Ecu\" used for the previous accounting currency), on the suggestion of then-German finance minister Theo Waigel. They also agreed on the date 1 January 1999 for its launch. On 17 June 1997 the European Council decided in Amsterdam to adopt the Stability and Growth Pact, designed to ensure budgetary discipline after", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333725", "text": "government debt by eurozone nations were denominated in euros. The value of the euro, which started at USD 1.1686 on 31 December 1998, rose during its first day of trading, Monday, 4 January 1999, closing at approximately USD 1.18. It was rapidly taken up and dealers were surprised by the speed at which it replaced the national currencies. Trading in the Deutsche Mark was expected to continue in parallel but vanished as soon as the markets opened. However, by the end of 1999 the euro had dropped to parity with the dollar leading to emergency action from the G7 to", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333723", "text": "Commission based on the market rates on 31 December 1998, so that one ECU would equal one euro. These rates were set by Council Regulation 2866/98 (EC), of 31 December 1998. They could not be set earlier, because the ECU depended on the closing exchange rate of the non-euro currencies (principally the pound sterling) that day. Due to differences in national conventions for rounding and significant digits, all conversion between the national currencies had to be carried out using the process of triangulation via the euro. The currency was introduced in non-physical form (traveller's cheques, electronic transfers, banking, etc.) at", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "13039392", "text": "of Canada, and Mayotte in the Indian Ocean. They both adopted the euro on 1 January 1999 when the currency was first introduced at the electronic level. Mayotte subsequently held a referendum in 2009 in which it decided to become an integral part of France. Its status was changed from an OCT to an OMR, where EU laws apply without separate agreements, on 1 January 2014, which rendered the previous monetary agreement unnecessary. On 22 February 2007, Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin were politically separated from the French Outermost region (OMR) Guadeloupe to form two new French overseas collectivities. This", "title": "International status and usage of the euro" }, { "id": "9333750", "text": "on 9 December 2011 by the European Council. The participants are the eurozone member states and all other EU members without the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic. The treaty entered into force on 1 January 2013 for the 16 states which completed ratification prior of this date and on 1 April 2014 entered into force for all 25 signatories. Despite speculation that the crisis in Greece could spread and that the euro might fail, some newer EU states from the 2004 enlargement joined the currency during the recession. Slovenia, Malta and Cyprus all acceded within the first two years", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "121790", "text": "Maastricht Treaty, the United Kingdom and Denmark were granted exemptions per their request from moving to the stage of monetary union which resulted in the introduction of the euro. (For macroeconomic theory, see below.) The name \"euro\" was officially adopted in Madrid on 16 December 1995. Belgian Esperantist Germain Pirlot, a former teacher of French and history is credited with naming the new currency by sending a letter to then President of the European Commission, Jacques Santer, suggesting the name \"euro\" on 4 August 1995. Due to differences in national conventions for rounding and significant digits, all conversion between the", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "9333733", "text": "made, beginning on 1 January. Merchants would accept legacy currency, but give change only in euros. In Germany, the Deutsche Mark would no longer be a legal tender on 1 January, but would have to be exchanged at the banks. Despite the massive amounts of euros available, chaos was feared. In France, these fears were accentuated by a threatened postal workers' strike. The strike, however, was settled. Similarly, workers at the French bank BNP Paribas threatened to disrupt the introduction of euro currency with a strike. That was also settled. In practice, the roll-out was smooth, with few problems. By", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "4994431", "text": "Euro sign The euro sign (€) is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the European Union (EU) and other non-EU countries (Kosovo and Montenegro). The design was presented to the public by the European Commission on 12 December 1996. The international three-letter code (according to ISO standard ISO 4217) for the euro is EUR. In Unicode it is encoded at . In English, the sign precedes the value (for instance, €10, not 10 €, unlike most other European languages). In some style guides, but not others, the euro sign is unspaced. The first letter of", "title": "Euro sign" }, { "id": "12042499", "text": "2002, the physical euro currency came into circulation in the 12 eurozone states, and became the sole legal currency of 12 eurozone states (Greece included) on 28 February. On 30 March 1994, accession negotiations concluded with Austria, Sweden, Finland and Norway. Sweden and Finland had applied since the fall of the Iron Curtain; allowing them, as Cold War-neutral countries, to now align themselves with the Union. Their accession treaties were signed on 25 June of that month. Each country held referendums on entry resulting on entry for all except Norway (its second failed referendum); Austria, Finland and Sweden became EU", "title": "History of the European Union (1993–2004)" }, { "id": "14146523", "text": "26 April 2019. “Authorities increasingly suspect that they (€500 notes) are being used for illegal purposes, an argument that we can no longer ignore,” according to a high-ranking bank official, Benoît Cœuré. The euro was founded on 1 January 1999, when it became the currency of over 300 million people in Europe. For the first three years of its existence it was an invisible currency, only used in accountancy. Euro cash was not introduced until 1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the countries in eurozone 12, such as the Luxembourgish franc. Slovenia joined the", "title": "500 euro note" }, { "id": "9333731", "text": "Beginning on 1 December 2001, coins and notes were distributed from secure storage, first to large retailers, and then to smaller ones. It was widely expected that there would be massive problems on and after 1 January. Such a changeover, across twelve populous countries, had never been attempted before. The new coins and notes were first valid on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. The first official purchase using euro coins and notes took place there, for one kilogram of lychees. The coming of midnight in Frankfurt at the ECB offices, though, symbolised the transition. In Finland,", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "13039386", "text": "International status and usage of the euro The international status and usage of the euro has grown since its launch in 1999. When the euro formally replaced 12 currencies on 1 January 2002, it inherited their use in territories such as Montenegro and replaced minor currencies tied to the pre-euro currencies, such as in Monaco. Four small states have been given a formal right to use the euro, and to mint their own coins, but all other usage has been unofficial outside the eurozone (the EU states who have adopted the euro). With or without an agreement these countries, unlike", "title": "International status and usage of the euro" }, { "id": "14083255", "text": "10 euro note The ten euro note (€10) is the second-lowest value euro banknote and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002. The note is used in the 23 countries which have it as their sole currency (with 22 legally adopting it); with a population of about 343 million. In August 2018, there were approximately 2,500,000,000 ten euro banknotes in circulation around the eurozone. It is the fourth most widely circulated denomination, accounting for over 11% of the total banknotes. Estimates suggest that the average life of a ten euro banknote is", "title": "10 euro note" }, { "id": "13039406", "text": "of Malta have been denominated in euros, although the Order's official currency remains the Maltese scudo. The Maltese scudo itself is pegged to the euro and is only recognised as legal tender within the Order. The euro is a major global reserve currency, sharing that status with the US dollar (USD), which continues to be the primary reserve of most commercial and central banks. Since its introduction, the euro has been the second most widely held international reserve currency after the US dollar. The euro inherited this status from the German mark, and since its introduction, it has increased its", "title": "International status and usage of the euro" }, { "id": "2204686", "text": "Germany was reunified in 1990. The German mark was replaced by the euro, first as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, at a conversion rate of 1.95583 marks per euro. Thereafter, the mark-denominated notes and coins represented the euro at that conversion rate, and remained legal tender until 1 January 2002, when they were replaced by euro notes and coins. Germany mints its own German euro coins, but all euro coins are legal tender throughout the Eurozone. The remaining Convertible mark of Bosnia-Herzegovina is a currency that officially replaced the German mark as de facto currency of the ruptured", "title": "Mark (currency)" }, { "id": "121794", "text": "2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state. The earliest date was in Germany, where the mark officially ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2001, though the exchange period lasted for two months more. Even after the old currencies ceased to be legal tender, they continued to be accepted by national central banks for periods ranging from several years to indefinitely (the latter for Austria, Germany, Ireland, Estonia and Latvia in banknotes and coins, and for Belgium, Luxembourg, Slovenia and Slovakia in banknotes only). The", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "1957534", "text": "Second, the Euro currency went into circulation in 2002. Third came the accession of Malta, Cyprus, Slovenia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. Fourth, in 2005 a Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was proposed. This \"Constitution\" was largely symbolic, but was rejected by referenda in France and the Netherlands. Most of its technical provisions were inserted into the Treaty of Lisbon 2007, without the emotive symbols of federalism or the word \"constitution\". Also in 2007, Bulgaria and Romania joined. Over 2007 to 2008, because of the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, and the", "title": "European Union law" }, { "id": "9333760", "text": "euro coins. Euro starter kits, available for 500 koruna, were a popular Christmas gift in 2008. The coins therein, however, were not valid as legal tender in the eurozone until 1 January 2009, with koruna exchanged through 17 January 2009, though redeemable at the central bank in Bratislava until a date to be determined. Anyone using Slovakian euro coins before 1 January could have been fined. Businesses using the transition to raise prices also were subject to penalty. In 2010 Estonia gained the support of the European Commission, Central Bank and Parliament for accession on 1 January 2011 with Estonia", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333765", "text": "join were no longer valid, which \"could force them to stage new referendums\" on euro adoption. The following lists the percentage of respondents supporting the euro in each country, according to the Standard Eurobarometer. The date reflects the month the field work was conducted in. History of the euro The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999, although it had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s. After tough negotiations, particularly due to opposition from the United Kingdom, the Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating an", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333738", "text": "an interday low of $0.8296 on 26 October 2001, and a brief crash to $0.8115 on 15 January 2002, the euro soon recovered from its early slump. Its value last closed below $1.00 on 6 November 2002 ($0.9971), and increased rapidly from there. It peaked at $1.35 in 2004, and reached its highest value versus the U.S. dollar at $1.5916 on 14 July 2008. As its values increased against the pound sterling in the late-2000s, peaking at 97.73p on 31 December 2008, its international usage grew rapidly. The euro grew in importance steadily, with its share of foreign exchange reserves", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "13039387", "text": "those in the eurozone, do not participate in the European Central Bank or the Euro Group. Its international usage has also grown as a trading currency, acting as an economic or political alternative to using the United States dollar. Its increasing usage in this sense has led to its becoming the only significant challenger to the US dollar as the world's main reserve currency. Several European microstates outside the EU have adopted the euro as their currency. For EU sanctioning of this adoption, a monetary agreement must be concluded. Prior to the launch of the euro, agreements were reached with", "title": "International status and usage of the euro" }, { "id": "9333722", "text": "close to the EU average. Greece failed to meet the criteria and was excluded from participating on 1 January 1999. On 1 June 1998 the European Central Bank succeeded the European Monetary Institute. However it wouldn't take on its full powers until the euro was created on 1 January 1999. The bank's first President was Wim Duisenberg, former head of the EMI and the Dutch central bank. The conversion rates between the 11 participating national currencies and the euro were then established. The rates were determined by the Council of the European Union, based on a recommendation from the European", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "7134127", "text": "centuries. It was legal tender in Spain's Pacific territories of the Philippines, Micronesia, Guam and the Caroline Islands and later in China and other Southeast Asian countries until the mid-19th century. In the Americas it was legal tender in all of South and Central America (except Brazil) and in the US and Canada until the mid-19th century. In Europe the Spanish dollar was legal tender in the Iberian Peninsula, in most of Italy including: Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, the Franche-Comté (France), and in the Spanish Netherlands. It was also used in other European states including the Austrian", "title": "World currency" }, { "id": "1932002", "text": "to be one amount due and payable on that day. In the People's Republic of China, the official currency renminbi serves as the unlimited legal tender for all transactions. It is by law that any public institution or individual must not refuse using the currency to settle public or private domestic owing. Euro coins and banknotes became legal tender in most countries of the Eurozone on 1 January 2002. Although one side of the coins is used for different national marks for each country, all coins and all banknotes are legal tender throughout the eurozone. Therefore, it is possible to", "title": "Legal tender" }, { "id": "121785", "text": "the signing of the Treaty of Rome, and nationally issued coins, such as the coin to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics issued by Greece. These coins are legal tender throughout the eurozone. Collector coins with various other denominations have been issued as well, but these are not intended for general circulation, and they are legal tender only in the member state that issued them. The design for the euro banknotes has common designs on both sides. The design was created by the Austrian designer Robert Kalina. Notes are issued in €500, €200, €100, €50, €20, €10, €5. Each banknote has", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "651355", "text": "euro). In 1999 the currency was born virtually and in 2002 notes and coins began to circulate. It rapidly replaced the former national currencies and the eurozone has since expanded further to some newer EU states. In 2009 the Lisbon Treaty formalised its political authority, the Eurogroup, alongside the European Central Bank. In 2004 €2 commemorative coins were allowed to be minted in six states. By 2007, all states but France, Ireland and the Netherlands had minted a commemorative issue and the first eurozone-wide commemorative coin was issued to celebrate 50 years of the Treaty of Rome. In 2009, the", "title": "Euro coins" }, { "id": "9333721", "text": "creation of the euro, and a new exchange rate mechanism (ERM II) was set up to provide stability above the euro and the national currencies of countries that hadn't yet entered the eurozone. Then, on 3 May 1998, at the European Council in Brussels, the 11 initial countries that would participate in the third stage from 1 January 1999 were selected. To participate in the new currency, member states had to meet strict criteria such as a budget deficit of less than 3% of their GDP, a debt ratio of less than 60% of GDP, low inflation, and interest rates", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333763", "text": "January in the mentioned year: Slovenia (2007), Cyprus (2008), Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014), and Lithuania (2015). All new EU members having joined the bloc after the signing of the Maastricht treaty in 1992, are obliged to adopt the euro under the terms of their accession treaties. However, the last of the five economic convergence criteria which needs first to be complied with in order to qualify for euro adoption, is the exchange rate stability criterion, which requires having been an ERM-member for a minimum of two years without the presence of \"severe tensions\" for the currency", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "121776", "text": "daily by some 343 million Europeans . Outside Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency. Additionally, 240 million people worldwide use currencies pegged to the euro. The euro is the second largest reserve currency as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar. , with more than €1.2 trillion in circulation, the euro has one of the highest combined values of banknotes and coins in circulation in the world, having surpassed the U.S. dollar. The name \"euro\" was officially adopted on 16 December 1995", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "13544324", "text": "(€100, €200, €500) last longer as they are used more for hoarding purposes. The Europa series is designed to last longer than the previous one. The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999. The euro's creation had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s. The Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating economic and monetary union by 1999 for all EU states except the UK and Denmark (though Denmark has a policy of a fixed exchange rate with the euro). In 1999, the currency was born virtually,", "title": "Euro banknotes" }, { "id": "9333757", "text": "a firework display near the Grand Harbour area, several other activities had to be moved indoors because of the stormy weather that struck the island on that night. Slovakia adopted the euro on 1 January 2009. The koruna was part of ERM II from 28 November 2005, requiring that it trade within 15% of an agreed central rate; this rate was changed on 17 March 2007 and again on 28 May 2008. The rate of 30.126 SKK from May 2008 was finally confirmed on 8 July 2008. To assist the process of conversion to the euro, on 1 April 2008,", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333727", "text": "for the Greek drachma was fixed several months beforehand, in Council Regulation 1478/2000 (EC), of 19 June 2000. The designs for the new coins and notes were announced between 1996 and 1998, and production began at the various mints and printers on 11 May 1998. The task was large, and would require the full three years and a half. In all, 7.4 billion notes and 38.2 billion coins would be available for issuance to consumers and businesses on 1 January 2002. In 7 nations, the new coins, struck in the run-up to 1 January 2002, would bear a 2002 date.", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "1931988", "text": "on demand, therefore withdrawn notes remain a liability of the issuing bank without any time limits. In the case of the euro, coins and banknotes of former national currencies were in some cases considered legal tender from 1 January 1999 until 28 February 2002. Legally, those coins and banknotes were considered non-decimal sub-divisions of the euro. When the Iraqi Swiss dinar ceased to be legal tender in Iraq, it still circulated in the northern Kurdish regions, and despite lacking government backing, it had a stable market value for more than a decade. This example is often cited to demonstrate that", "title": "Legal tender" }, { "id": "9333752", "text": "at 239.640 SIT, but unlike the previous launches, cash and non-cash transactions were introduced simultaneously. Cyprus replaced the Cypriot pound with the euro on 1 January 2008. A formal letter of application to join the eurozone was submitted on 13 February 2007. On 16 May 2007 the European Commission, backed by the European Central Bank, gave its go-ahead for the introduction in January 2008. The campaign to inform the citizens of Cyprus about the euro officially began in Cypriot media on 9 March 2007. On 15 March 2007, the Cypriot House of Representatives passed the necessary laws for the introduction", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "14083277", "text": "20 euro note The twenty euro note (€20) is the third-lowest value euro banknote and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002. The note is used in the 23 countries which have it as their sole currency (with 22 legally adopting it); with a population of about 343 million. In August 2018, there were approximately 3,845,000,000 twenty euro banknotes in circulation around the eurozone. It is the second most widely circulated denomination, accounting for over 17% of the total banknotes. Estimates suggest that the average life of a twenty euro banknote is", "title": "20 euro note" }, { "id": "3761909", "text": "by the euro. The lira was the official unit of currency in Italy until January 1, 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002). Old lira denominated currency ceased to be legal tender on February 28, 2002. The conversion rate is 1,936.27 lire to the euro. All lira banknotes in use immediately before the introduction of the euro, and all post-World War II coins, were exchanged by the Bank of Italy up to 6 December 2011. Originally, Italy's central bank pledged to redeem Italian coins and banknotes until 29 February 2012,", "title": "Italian lira" }, { "id": "14083304", "text": "became the currency of over 300 million people in Europe. For the first three years of its existence it was an invisible currency, only used in accounting. Euro cash was not introduced until 1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the 12 countries in the eurozone, such as the Dutch guilder and the Portuguese escudo. Today, the €50 note is used by some 332 million Europeans and in the 22 countries which have it as their sole currency (with 20 legally adopting it). Slovenia joined the Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia", "title": "50 euro note" }, { "id": "129075", "text": "opportunity for foreign diversification without reliance on the currency of a single country. The ECU was conceived on 13 March 1979 as an internal accounting unit. It had the ISO 4217 currency code XEU. On 1 January 1999, the euro (with the code EUR and symbol €) replaced the ECU, at the value €1 = 1 ECU. Unlike the ECU, the euro is a real currency, although not all member states participate (for details on euro membership see Eurozone). Two of the countries in the ECU basket of currencies, UK and Denmark, did not join the eurozone, and a third,", "title": "European Currency Unit" }, { "id": "121789", "text": "equal (\"=\") sign. Placement of the currency sign relative to the numeric amount varies from nation to nation, but for texts in English the symbol (or the ISO-standard \"EUR\") should precede the amount. The euro was established by the provisions in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty. To participate in the currency, member states are meant to meet strict criteria, such as a budget deficit of less than 3% of their GDP, a debt ratio of less than 60% of GDP (both of which were ultimately widely flouted after introduction), low inflation, and interest rates close to the EU average. In the", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "13151421", "text": "installed the Euro as its currency on January 1, 2001. More European countries agreed to join the union in the following years; Slovenia (2007), Cyprus and Malta (2008), and Slovakia (2009). Countries are only allowed to begin utilizing the Euro when they have met certain requirements set about by the EMU. The criteria includes \"a low and stable inflation, exchange rate stability and sound public finances.\" The reason for such criteria is because the best way to achieve a successful economy is by ensuring price stability. Economic history of Europe This article covers the Economic history of Europe from about", "title": "Economic history of Europe" }, { "id": "9333753", "text": "of the euro on 1 January 2008. The European Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs Joaquín Almunia, on 16 May 2007, recommended that Cyprus adopt the euro as scheduled and the European Parliament concurred on 21 June 2007, the date was confirmed by the EU leaders. The final decision was taken by the EU finance ministers (Ecofin) on 10 July 2007 and the conversion rate was fixed at 0.585274 CYP. On 23 October 2007, the coin designs were officially published in the Official Journal of the European Union. On 1 January 2008 the euro replaced the Cypriot pound as the", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "1701667", "text": "in a context of stable macroeconomic fundamentals and long-standing unofficial currency substitution. The eurozone adopted the euro (€) as its common currency and sole legal tender in 1999, which might be considered a variety of full-commitment regime similar to full currency substitution despite some evident differences from other currency substitutions. For more on dollarisation, cf. Fields, David, and Matías Vernengo. \"Dollarization.\" The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization (2013). There are two common indicators of currency substitution. The first measure is the share of foreign currency deposits (FCD) in the domestic banking system in the broad money including FCD. The second is", "title": "Currency substitution" }, { "id": "14146352", "text": "Euro cash was not introduced until 1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the countries in eurozone 12, such as the French franc and the Spanish peseta. Slovenia joined the Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011 Latvia in 2014, and Lithuania joined in 2015. The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, going from 1 January 2002 until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal", "title": "100 euro note" }, { "id": "13544325", "text": "and in 2002 notes and coins began to circulate. It rapidly took over from the former national currencies and slowly expanded around the rest of the EU. In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty formalised the Euro's political authority, the Euro Group, alongside the European Central Bank. Slovenia joined the Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014 and Lithuania in 2015. There are seven different denominations of the euro banknotes: €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €200 and €500. Each has a distinctive colour and size. The designs for each of them have", "title": "Euro banknotes" }, { "id": "164899", "text": "tied into the EU's economic market via the European Economic Area. These countries also entered the Schengen Agreement which lifted border controls between member states. The Maastricht Treaty created a single currency for most EU members. The \"euro\" was created in 1999 and replaced all previous currencies in participating states in 2002. The most notable exception to the currency union, or \"eurozone\", was the United Kingdom, which also did not sign the Schengen Agreement. EU did not participate in the Yugoslav Wars, and was divided on supporting the United States in the 2003–2011 Iraq War. NATO has been part of", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "id": "12042497", "text": "proposed text. It was signed in Rome on 28 October 2004 by all leaders of the new and old members, but was not ratified. (see also: Lisbon Treaty) On 1 January 1994, the second stage of the EMU began under the Maastricht Treaty with the establishment of the European Monetary Institute. On 16 December 1995, the date for the introduction of the euro was set as 1 January 1999. On 14 October 1996 the Finnish mark entered the ERM and the Italian lira re-entered the ERM on 25 November. The Greek drachma entered the ERM on 16 January 1998, too", "title": "History of the European Union (1993–2004)" }, { "id": "6367408", "text": "De facto currency A de facto currency is a unit of money that is not legal tender in a country but is treated as such by most of the populace. The United States dollar and the European Union euro are the most common de facto currencies. Andorra used the euro unofficially prior to June 2013, at which point the euro became its official currency. The euro remains the de facto currency in Kosovo and Montenegro. Countries using the United States dollar as their de facto currency include Aruba and Cambodia, where most hotels, restaurants, and transportation are priced in dollars;", "title": "De facto currency" }, { "id": "13756468", "text": "5 euro note The five euro note (€5) is the lowest value euro banknote and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002. The note is used in the 25 countries which have it as their sole currency (with 23 legally adopting it); with a population of about 343 million. In August 2018, there were approximately 1,871,000,000 five euro banknotes in circulation around the eurozone. It is the fifth most widely circulated denomination, accounting for over 8% of the total banknotes. Estimates suggest that the average life of a five euro banknote is", "title": "5 euro note" }, { "id": "15573670", "text": "and major tourist zones, it is accepted as if it were a second legal currency. Many Canadian merchants close to the border, as well as large stores in big cities and major tourist hotspots in Peru also accept U.S. dollars, though usually at a value that favours the merchant. In Cambodia, U.S. notes circulate freely and are preferred over the Cambodian riel for large purchases, with the riel used for change to break 1 USD. After the U.S. liberation of Afghanistan, U.S. dollars are accepted as if it were legal tender. Not long after the introduction of the euro (€;", "title": "International use of the U.S. dollar" }, { "id": "14146385", "text": "200 euro note The two hundred euro note (€200) is the second-highest value euro banknote and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002. The note is used in the 23 countries which have the euro as their sole currency (with 22 legally adopting it); with a population of about 343 million. In August 2018, there were about 251,000,000 €200 banknotes in circulation around the eurozone. It is the least widely circulated denomination, accounting for 1.2% of the total banknotes. It is the second-largest note, measuring 153 × 82 mm, and has a", "title": "200 euro note" }, { "id": "121798", "text": "austerity while France and the United States were relatively strong creditors – gained attention in summer 2012 even as Germany received a debt-rating warning of its own. In the enduring of this scenario the Euro serves as a mean of quantitative primitive accumulation. The euro is the sole currency of 19 EU member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. These countries constitute the \"eurozone\", some 343 million people in total . With all but two of the remaining EU members obliged to join, together", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "894335", "text": "In 1999, the Deutsche Mark was replaced by the Euro; its coins and banknotes remained in circulation, defined in terms of euros, until the introduction of euro notes and coins on 1 January 2002. The Deutsche Mark ceased to be legal tender immediately upon the introduction of the euro — in contrast to the other eurozone nations, where the euro and legacy currency circulated side by side for up to two months. Mark coins and banknotes continued to be accepted as valid forms of payment in Germany until 28 February 2002. The Deutsche Bundesbank has guaranteed that all German marks", "title": "Deutsche Mark" }, { "id": "9333718", "text": "three stages and it included the creation of institutions such as the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), which would become responsible for formulating and implementing monetary policy. It laid out monetary union being accomplished in three steps. Beginning the first of these steps, on 1 July 1990, exchange controls were abolished, thus capital movements were completely liberalised in the European Economic Community. Leaders reached agreement on currency union with the Maastricht Treaty, signed on 7 February 1992. It agreed to create a single currency, although without the participation of the United Kingdom, by January 1999. Gaining approval for the", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333761", "text": "adopting the currency on that date. In 2013 Latvia gained the support of the European Commission, Central Bank and Parliament for accession on 1 January 2014 with Latvia adopting the currency on that date. On 23 July 2014 Lithuania became the last Baltic state to gain permission to join the euro, which was adopted on 1 January 2015. The chart below provides a full summary of all applying exchange-rate regimes for EU members, since the European Monetary System with its Exchange Rate Mechanism and the related new common currency ECU was born on 13 March 1979. The euro replaced the", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "1932003", "text": "find Irish euro coins in Greece and Finnish euro coins in Portugal, for instance. Although some eurozone countries do not put 1 cent and 2 cent coins into general circulation (prices in those countries are by general understanding always rounded to whole multiples of 5 cent), 1 cent and 2 cent coins from other eurozone countries remain legal tender in those countries. Council Regulation (EC) No 974/98 limits the number of coins that can be offered for payment to fifty. Governments that issue the coins must establish the euro as the only legal tender. Due to variations on the legislative", "title": "Legal tender" }, { "id": "121795", "text": "earliest coins to become non-convertible were the Portuguese escudos, which ceased to have monetary value after 31 December 2002, although banknotes remain exchangeable until 2022. Following the U.S. financial crisis in 2008, fears of a sovereign debt crisis developed in 2009 among investors concerning some European states, with the situation becoming particularly tense in early 2010. Greece was most acutely affected, but fellow Eurozone members Cyprus, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain were also significantly affected. All these countries utilized EU funds except Italy, which is a major donor to the EFSF. To be included in the eurozone, countries had to", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "4994440", "text": "but the cent sign \"¢\" also appears. Other abbreviations include \"ct\" (particularly in Germany and Lithuania), \"cent.\" in Spain and Italy, \"snt\" (Finland) and Λ (the capital letter \"lambda\" for λεπτό, \"lepto\", in Greece). Euro sign The euro sign (€) is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the European Union (EU) and other non-EU countries (Kosovo and Montenegro). The design was presented to the public by the European Commission on 12 December 1996. The international three-letter code (according to ISO standard ISO 4217) for the euro is EUR. In Unicode it is encoded at .", "title": "Euro sign" }, { "id": "7134133", "text": "San Marino, and Vatican City. , the euro surpassed the dollar in the combined value of cash in circulation. The value of euro notes in circulation has risen to more than €610 billion, equivalent to US$800 billion at the exchange rates at the time. A 2016 report by the World Trade Organisation shows that the world's energy, food and services trade are made 60% with US dollar and 40% by euro. As a result of the rapid internationalization of the renminbi, as of 2013 it was the world's 8th most widely traded currency. At the end of November, 2015, the", "title": "World currency" }, { "id": "14263344", "text": "until 1 January 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002). Old lira denominated currency ceased to be legal tender on 28 February 2002. The conversion rate is 1,936.27 lire to the euro. All lira banknotes in use immediately before the introduction of the euro, as all post WW2 coins, are still exchangeable for euros in all branches of the Bank of Italy until 29 February 2012. The euro officially began circulating in Italy on 1 January 2002 (even though the creation of Italian lira coins was suspended in 1999). Italian", "title": "History of coins in Italy" }, { "id": "14083302", "text": "50 euro note The fifty euro note (€50) is one of the middle value euro banknotes and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002. The note is used by some 343 million Europeans and in the 23 countries which have the euro as their sole currency (with 22 legally adopting it). In August 2018, there were about 10,030,000,000 fifty euro banknotes in circulation in the eurozone. It is by far the most widely circulated denomination, accounting for over 46% of the total banknotes. Estimates suggest that the average life of a fifty", "title": "50 euro note" }, { "id": "651354", "text": "are minted at numerous national mints across the European Union to strict national quotas. Obverse designs are chosen nationally, while the reverse and the currency as a whole is managed by the European Central Bank (ECB). The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999. It had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s. The Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating economic and monetary union by 1999 for all EU states except the UK and Denmark (even though Denmark has a fixed exchange rate policy with the", "title": "Euro coins" }, { "id": "1387155", "text": "General de les Valls d'Andorra issued Decree No. 112 of 19 December 1936, authorizing the issuance of paper money backed by Spanish banknotes. The peseta was replaced by the euro (€) in 1999 on currency exchange boards. Euro coins and notes were introduced in January 2002, and on 1 March 2002 the peseta lost its legal tender status in Spain, and also in Andorra. The conversion rate was 1 euro = 166.386 ESP. Peseta notes issued since 1939 and coins that were legal tender on 31 December 2001 remain exchangeable at any branch of the Spanish Central Bank until 31", "title": "Spanish peseta" }, { "id": "2183510", "text": "European Exchange Rate Mechanism The European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) was a system introduced by the European Economic Community on 13 March 1979, as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe, in preparation for Economic and Monetary Union and the introduction of a single currency, the euro, which took place on 1 January 1999. After the adoption of the euro, policy changed to linking currencies of EU countries outside the eurozone to the euro (having the common currency as a central point). The goal was to improve the stability", "title": "European Exchange Rate Mechanism" }, { "id": "5214141", "text": "worst years of the American recession. The European Union introduced a new currency on January 1, 1999. The euro, which was met with much anticipation, had its value immediately plummet, and it continued to be a weak currency throughout 2000 and 2001. Inflation struck the Eurozone for a few months in summer 2001 but the economy deflated within months. In 2002, the value of the euro began to rapidly rise (reaching parity with the US dollar on July 15, 2002). This hurt business for companies based in Europe, as the profits made abroad (especially in the Americas) had an unfavorable", "title": "Early 2000s recession" }, { "id": "14146350", "text": "100 euro note The one hundred euro note (€100) is one of the higher value euro banknotes and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002. The note is used daily by some 343 million Europeans and in the 23 countries which have it as their sole currency (with 22 legally adopting it). In August 2018, there were approximately 2,725,000,000 hundred euro banknotes in circulation in the eurozone. It is the third most widely circulated denomination, accounting for over 12% of the total banknotes. It is the third largest note measuring × and", "title": "100 euro note" }, { "id": "9333744", "text": "the banks in June. Indeed, the euro came to be seen as a safe haven, as countries outside it such as Iceland fared worse than those with the euro. Iceland subsequently applied to the EU to get the benefit of using a larger currency with the support of the ECB. However, with the risk of a default in Greece and other members in late 2009–10, eurozone leaders agreed to agree provisions for bailing out member states who could not raise funds (triggered for Greece in April 2010). This was a u-turn on the EU treaties which rule out any bail", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "9333728", "text": "In Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands, and Spain, the new coins would bear the date of striking, so those 5 countries would be the only ones to strike euro coins dated 1999, 2000, and 2001. Small numbers of coins from Monaco, Vatican City, and San Marino were also struck. These immediately became popular collector's items, commanding premiums well above face value. New issues continue to do so to this day. Meanwhile, a parallel task was to educate the European public about the new coins. Posters were issued showing the designs, which were used on items ranging from playing cards to", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "12947056", "text": "the treaties. The European Central Bank gained the official status of being an EU institution, and the European Council was given the right to appoint presidents of the European Central Bank through a qualified majority vote. On a related topic, the euro became the official currency of the Union (though not affecting opt-outs or the process of Eurozone enlargement). Under the Treaty of Lisbon, the Court of First Instance has been renamed the General Court. The Civil Service Tribunal and the European Court of Justice (formerly named the \"Court of Justice of the European Communities\", and formally called only \"Court", "title": "Treaty of Lisbon" }, { "id": "134948", "text": "countries continue to use the franc as their standard denomination. The value of the French franc was locked to the euro at 1 euro = 6.55957 FRF on 31 December 1998, and after the introduction of the euro notes and coins, ceased to be legal tender after 28 February 2002, although they were still exchangeable at banks until 19 February 2012. Fourteen African countries use the franc CFA (in west Africa, \"Communauté financière africaine\"; in equatorial Africa, \"Coopération financière en Afrique centrale\"), originally (1945) worth 1.7 French francs and then from 1948, 2 francs (from 1960: 0.02 new franc) but", "title": "Franc" }, { "id": "9333737", "text": "50,000 pay phones to take Deutsche Mark coins in 2005, at least on a temporary basis. Callers were allowed to use DM coins, at least initially, with the Mark pegged to equal one euro, almost twice the usual rate. In France, receipts still indicate the value of products in the legacy currency along with the euro value, as do receipts in Slovenia. In other eurozone countries this has long been considered unnecessary. In June 2008, \"The New York Times\" reported that many merchants in the French town of Collobrières, in Provence, choose to accept exchangeable franc notes. After dropping to", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "14083305", "text": "in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014, and Lithuania in 2015. The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, from 1 January 2002 until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state. The earliest date was in Germany, where the mark officially ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2001, though the exchange period lasted for two months more. Even after the old currencies ceased to be legal tender,", "title": "50 euro note" }, { "id": "13039400", "text": "declared the Turkish lira to be its legal tender. The euro (along with other major currencies, such as the US dollar and the British pound) can be used to pay for goods and services in many shops related to or situated near tourist hotspots, as well as in some major supermarkets. However the exchange rate used by these businesses may not always reflect the true value of the currencies involved. The Cypriot euro coins, using both Greek and Turkish languages, have been designed to avoid any bias towards any particular area of the island, in keeping with both Greek and", "title": "International status and usage of the euro" }, { "id": "3187780", "text": "euro currency union as the third stage of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Further, certain states outside the EU have adopted the euro as their currency, despite not belonging to the EMU. Thus, a total of 25 states, including 19 European Union states and six non-EU members, currently use the euro. The Eurozone came into existence with the official launch of the euro on 1 January 1999. Physical coins and banknotes were introduced on 1 January 2002. The original members were Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Greece adopted the euro", "title": "European integration" }, { "id": "121800", "text": "currency in Cuba since 1998, and Syria since 2006. There are also various currencies pegged to the euro (see below). In 2009, Zimbabwe abandoned its local currency and used major currencies instead, including the euro and the United States dollar. Since its introduction, the euro has been the second most widely held international reserve currency after the U.S. dollar. The share of the euro as a reserve currency increased from 18% in 1999 to 27% in 2008. Over this period, the share held in U.S. dollar fell from 71% to 64% and that held in Yen fell from 6.4% to", "title": "Euro" }, { "id": "102952", "text": "drachmae = 1 United States dollar. In 1973, the Bretton Woods System was abolished; over the next 25 years the official exchange rate gradually declined, reaching 400 drachmae to 1 U. S. dollar. On 1 January 2002, the Greek drachma was officially replaced as the circulating currency by the euro, and it has not been legal tender since 1 March 2002. The first issue of coins minted in 1954 consisted of holed aluminium 5-, 10- and 20-lepton pieces, with 50-lepton, 1-, 2-, 5- and 10-drachma pieces in cupro-nickel. A silver 20-drachma piece was issued in 1960, replacing the 20-drachma banknote,", "title": "Greek drachma" }, { "id": "14083256", "text": "about 1.5 years before it is replaced due to wear. It is the second-smallest note measuring 127x67 mm with a pink colour scheme. The ten euro banknotes depict bridges and arches/doorways in Romanesque architecture (between the 11th and 12th centuries). The ten euro note contains several complex security features such as watermarks, invisible ink, holograms and microprinting that document its authenticity. The euro was founded on 1 January 1999, when it became the currency of over 300 million people in Europe. For the first three years of its existence it was an invisible currency, only used in accountancy. Euro cash", "title": "10 euro note" }, { "id": "1592087", "text": "Estonian kroon The kroon (sign: kr; code: EEK) was the official currency of Estonia for two periods in history: 1928–1940 and 1992–2011. Between 1 January and 14 January 2011, the kroon circulated together with the euro, after which the euro became the sole legal tender in Estonia. The kroon was subdivided into 100 cents (\"senti\"; singular \"sent\"). The word \"kroon\" (, “crown”) is related to that of the Nordic currencies (such as the Swedish krona and the Danish and Norwegian krone) and derived from the Latin word \"corona\" (\"crown\"). The kroon succeeded the mark in 1928 and was in use", "title": "Estonian kroon" }, { "id": "13544321", "text": "Euro banknotes Banknotes of the euro, the currency of the euro area and institutions, have been in circulation since the first series was issued in 2002. They are issued by the national central banks of the Eurosystem or the European Central Bank. In 1999 the euro was introduced virtually, and in 2002 notes and coins began to circulate. The euro rapidly took over from the former national currencies and slowly expanded around the European Union. Denominations of the notes range from €5 to €500 and, unlike euro coins, the design is identical across the whole of the Eurozone, although they", "title": "Euro banknotes" }, { "id": "11183322", "text": "of unilateral euro adoption \"would be spelled out at the latest in the event of possible negotiations on EU accession.\" Diplomats have suggested that it's unlikely countries will be forced to withdraw the euro from circulation. Kosovo and the euro Before Kosovo declared its independence in 2008, Kosovo unilaterally adopted the euro as its currency in 2002 when it was a United Nations mandate; although, it is not an official eurozone member. During the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s Kosovo unsuccessfully attempted to gain independence, and in 1998-1999 the situation escalated with the Kosovo War. Kosovo declared independence on", "title": "Kosovo and the euro" }, { "id": "5215870", "text": "Euro calculator A euro calculator is a very popular type of calculator in European countries (see eurozone) that adopted the euro as their official monetary unit. It functions like any other normal calculator, but it also includes a special function which allows one to convert a value expressed in the previously official unit (the peseta in Spain, for example) to the new value in euros, or vice versa. Its use became very popular within the population and commerce of these countries especially during the first few months after adopting the euro. As so many were produced, they are also found", "title": "Euro calculator" }, { "id": "13039393", "text": "caused their status in the EU to briefly be in legal limbo until ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon reaffirmed both territories remained in the EU. The euro continued to be used in both territories throughout this time without incident. When Saint Barthélemy subsequently became an overseas territory of the European Union on 1 January 2012, changing its status to an OCT, the territory had to sign a monetary agreement to continue using the euro. With the adoption of the euro by Cyprus per 1 January 2008, the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, which had previously used the", "title": "International status and usage of the euro" }, { "id": "9333762", "text": "ECU 1:1 at the exchange rate markets, on 1 January 1999. During 1979-1999, the D-Mark functioned as a de facto anchor for the ECU, meaning there was only a minor difference between pegging a currency against ECU and pegging it against the D-mark. The eurozone was born with its first 11 Member States on 1 January 1999. The first enlargement of the eurozone, to Greece, took place on 1 January 2001, one year before the euro had physically entered into circulation. The next enlargements were to states which joined the EU in 2004, and then joined the eurozone on 1", "title": "History of the euro" }, { "id": "1932004", "text": "meaning of legal tender in various member states and the ability of contract law to overrule the status of legal tender, it is possible for merchants to choose to refuse to accept euro banknotes and coins within specific countries within the Eurozone (the Netherlands, Germany, Finland and Ireland). National laws may also impose restrictions as to maximal amounts that can be settled by coins or notes. Legal tender was enacted the first time for gold and silver coins in the French Penal Code of 1807 (art. 475, 11°). In 1870, legal tender was extended to all notes of the Banque", "title": "Legal tender" }, { "id": "6285518", "text": "adopt the euro as scheduled. On 20 June 2007, the European Parliament voted affirmatively on this issue and on 21 June 2007, the date was confirmed by the EU leaders. On 10 July 2007, the EU Finance Ministers set the permanent exchange rate to CYP 0.585274 to 1 euro. On 23 October 2007, the designs were officially published in the Official Journal of the European Union. On 1 January 2008, the euro replaced the Cypriot pound as the official currency. Although Cyprus joined the Eurozone in 2008, they already had one high value commemorative coin, minted in silver. This coin", "title": "Cypriot euro coins" }, { "id": "7134132", "text": "status as a major reserve currency from the German mark (DM) and its contribution to official reserves has increased as banks seek to diversify their reserves and trade in the eurozone expands. As with the dollar, some of the world's currencies are pegged against the euro. They are usually Eastern European currencies like the Bulgarian lev, plus several west African currencies like the Cape Verdean escudo and the CFA franc. Other European countries, while not being EU members, have adopted the euro due to currency unions with member states, or by unilaterally superseding their own currencies: Andorra, Monaco, Kosovo, Montenegro,", "title": "World currency" }, { "id": "2916384", "text": "Persons (full text of the agreement). The second series, Bilateral Agreements II, relates to nine areas and was signed in 2004 (entered into full force on 30 March 2005) and includes the Schengen treaty and the Dublin Convention (full text of the agreement) (official press release). There are countries which, though not official members of the Eurozone, still use the euro as legal or de facto currency, through official agreements with the EU. These are European microstates which are largely economically dependent on their larger Eurozone-member neighbours. Some other countries unilaterally decided to use the Euro without having currently a", "title": "Third-country economic relationships with the European Union" }, { "id": "14146524", "text": "Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014 and Lithuania joined on 1 January 2015. The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, going from 1 January 2002 until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state. The earliest date was in Germany, where the mark officially ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2001, though the exchange period lasted for", "title": "500 euro note" } ]

[ "Mājuli or Majoli" ]

[ { "id": "3548697", "text": "Majuli Mājuli or Majoli (pron: ˈmʌʤʊlɪ)) is a river island in the Brahmaputra River, Assam and in 2016 it became the first island to be made a district in India. It had an area of at the beginning of the 20th century, but having lost significantly to erosion it covers as at 2014. Majuli has shrunk as the river surrounding it has grown. Majuli is currently listed as world's largest river island in Guinness book of world's record. The island is formed by the Brahmaputra river in the south and the Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of the Brahmaputra, joined by", "title": "Majuli" }, { "id": "6813252", "text": "the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" as world's largest example., but Ilha do Bananal meets the same qualifications and is much larger. Umananda is among contenders as the smallest permanently-inhabited river island with fixed dwellings at 0.02 km². Majuli and Umananda lie in the Brahmaputra River. Many as tiny as Umananda or smaller, inhabited, exist in the Amazon basin and Bangladesh. On canalised rivers such as the Thames and the Seine one-home islands of permanent-materials homes exist such as Monkey, Friday, Holm and D'Oyly Carte islands, as canalisation reduces the erosion of the islands and in particular limits the height", "title": "River island" }, { "id": "19755008", "text": "Majuli district Majuli district is the biggest river island in the world in the Brahmaputra River, Assam and also 1st island district of the country. On June 27, 2016 one more district was announced by Sarbananda Sonowal, taking the total number from 32 to 33. Majuli carved out of the Northern parts of Jorhat. It is the first river island district of India. Majuli district headed by the Deputy Commissioner (DC), which combines the offices of the District Magistrate ultimately responsible for maintaining law and order and District Collector responsible for collection of the revenue. Generally, an officer belonging to", "title": "Majuli district" }, { "id": "6863254", "text": "Jorhat district Jorhat (pron: ˈʤɔ:(r)ˌhɑ:t) is an administrative district of Assam situated in the central part of the Brahmaputra Valley. The district is bounded by Majuli on north, Nagaland state on the south, Charaideo on the east and Golaghat on the west. On the north of the district, the river Brahmaputra forms the largest riverine island of the world. The administrative seat is at Jorhat town. Earlier Jorhat was a sub-division of undivided Sibsagar district. In 1983 Jorhat was carved out of Sibsagar District and was made a separate district. \"Jorhat\" or \"Jorehaut\" means two hats (Bazar) or mandis- “Macharhat”", "title": "Jorhat district" }, { "id": "1539134", "text": "than apart. As the river follows its braided course through the valley, it receives several rapidly rushing Himalayan streams, including the Subansiri, Kameng, Bhareli, Dhansiri, Manas, Champamati, Saralbhanga, and Sankosh Rivers. The main tributaries from the hills and from the plateau to the south are the Burhi Dihing, the Disang, the Dikhu, and the Kopili. Between Dibrugarh and Lakhimpur Districts, the river divides into two channels—the northern Kherkutia channel and the southern Brahmaputra channel. The two channels join again about downstream, forming the Majuli island, which is the largest river island in the world. At Guwahati, near the ancient pilgrimage", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "6863257", "text": "civil sub-division under Sibsagar district at Jorhat was formed in 1869, this place was declared as administration headquarters of the undivided Sibsagar district in 1911, which comprised the present Sibsagar, Jorhat and Golaghat and parts of Karbi-Anglong district with Major A. Playfair as the first deputy commissioner. The modern-day district of Jorhat was created in 1983 when it was split from Sibsagar district. On the north of the district, the river Brahmaputra forms the largest riverine island of the world, Majuli, spreading over 924.6 km². with a population of about 1.50 lakh being threatened by the constant erosion by this", "title": "Jorhat district" }, { "id": "3548701", "text": "the islet. The island soon became the leading center of Vaishnavinism with the establishment of these \"satras\". After the arrival of the British, Majuli was under the rule of the British until India gained independence in 1947. It is as at 2016 the world's biggest river island. The main industry is agriculture, with paddy being the chief crop. Mājuli has a rich and diverse agricultural tradition, with as many as 100 varieties of rice grown, all without pesticides or artificial fertilisers. Fishing is also among the main industry after agriculture. Among the fascinating arrays of rice produced are the \"Komal", "title": "Majuli" }, { "id": "19755012", "text": "until 2016. He was bearing the portfolio of Minister of State (Ind.), Water Resources Dev., WPT & BC, in the Government of Assam. Majuli district Majuli district is the biggest river island in the world in the Brahmaputra River, Assam and also 1st island district of the country. On June 27, 2016 one more district was announced by Sarbananda Sonowal, taking the total number from 32 to 33. Majuli carved out of the Northern parts of Jorhat. It is the first river island district of India. Majuli district headed by the Deputy Commissioner (DC), which combines the offices of the", "title": "Majuli district" }, { "id": "16491688", "text": "Umananda Island Umananda Island (from Assamese \"Uma\", another name for the Hindu goddess Parvati, the wife of Shiva; and \"ananda\", \"happiness\") is the smallest river island in the midst of river Brahmaputra flowing through the city of Guwahati in Assam, a state in northeast India. The British named the island \"Peacock Island\" for its structure. The island can be reached via 10 minute ferry, available from Umananda Ghat, located near Guwahati Highcourt. According to Hindu mythology, Shiva created the island for his wife Parvati's happiness and pleasure. Shiva is said to have resided here in the form of Bhayananda. According", "title": "Umananda Island" }, { "id": "3548698", "text": "the Subansiri River in the north. Mājuli island is accessible by ferries from the city of Jorhat. The island is about east from the state's largest city —Guwahati. It was formed due to course changes by the river Brahmaputra and its tributaries, mainly the Lohit. Mājuli is the abode of the Assamese neo-Vaishnavite culture. Originally, the island was a long, narrow piece of land called Majoli (land in the middle of two parallel rivers) that had the Brahmaputra flowing in the north and the Burhidihing flowing in the south until they met at Lakhu. It was once known as Ratnapur", "title": "Majuli" }, { "id": "191120", "text": "situated in the Nicobar islands at 6°45’10″N and 93°49’36″E, and lies just from the Indonesian island of Sumatra, to the southeast. The highest point is Mount Thullier at . Other significant islands in India include Diu, a former Portuguese colony; Majuli, a river island of the Brahmaputra; Elephanta in Bombay Harbour; and Sriharikota, a barrier island in Andhra Pradesh. Salsette Island is India's most populous island on which the city of Mumbai (Bombay) is located. Forty-two islands in the Gulf of Kutch constitute the Marine National Park. India has around 14,500 km of inland navigable waterways. There are twelve rivers", "title": "Geography of India" }, { "id": "3548710", "text": "the river distends its banks. The upshot is a backlash of the tempestuous Brahmaputra's fury on the islet, eroding most of the area. According to reports, in 1853, the total area of Mājuli was 1,150 km and about 33% of this landmass has been eroded in the latter half of 20th century. Since 1991, over 35 villages have been washed away. Surveys show that in 15–20 years from now, Mājuli would cease to exist. To save the island, the Union Government of India has sanctioned ₹ 250 crores (US $55 million) for the protection of the island. The water resource", "title": "Majuli" }, { "id": "16491690", "text": "During the repairing work of the temple some new Vaishnavi scripts were written on the walls. Craftsmen also carved figures out of rock on the island. Maha Shivaratri is widely celebrated in Umananda. Monday is considered to be the holiest day in the temple and the new moon brings bliss to the pilgrims. Umananda Island is the home to the species of golden langur. Umananda Island Umananda Island (from Assamese \"Uma\", another name for the Hindu goddess Parvati, the wife of Shiva; and \"ananda\", \"happiness\") is the smallest river island in the midst of river Brahmaputra flowing through the city", "title": "Umananda Island" }, { "id": "9034030", "text": "Umananda Temple Umananda Devaloi (Pron: ˈʊməˌnændə ˈdeɪvəˌlɔɪ) is a Shiva temple located at the Peacock Island in the middle of river Brahmaputra just opposite the office of the Deputy Commissioner of Kamrup or the Kachari Ghat in Guwahati. It was built by the Ahom King Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696), who was a devout Shaivaite. It is known as smallest inhabited riverine island in the world. Country boats that are available on the bank of Brahmaputra take the visitors to the island. The mountain on which the temple has been built is known as Bhasmacala. Siva is said to have resided here", "title": "Umananda Temple" }, { "id": "11917068", "text": "Gurupá Gurupá or Santo Antonio de Gurupá is a municipality on the Amazon River in state of Pará, northern Brazil located near the world's largest river island, Marajó, 300 km upstream from the upper mouth of the river on the Atlantic coast. The city is a center for palm heart extraction and commerce. It is a municipal seat and major river boat port. Gurupá is derived from an indigenous language word or sound for the warble of a pica-pau bird, a species of woodpecker. Gurupá was founded in 1609 as a Dutch trading post that they called Mariocai, after the", "title": "Gurupá" }, { "id": "2767226", "text": "Bananal Island Bananal Island (, ) is a large river island formed from the bisection of the Araguaia River, in southwestern Tocantins, Brazil. The island is formed by a fork in a very flat section of the Araguaia River. Bananal Island is the second largest fluvial island in the world and the largest without an ocean coastline, at long and wide. Its total area is . The rivers within the island flow parallel to the Araguaia, and the Jaburu do Bananal is the longest river within a river. Bananal Island is a nature and culture preserve. In accordance with Article", "title": "Bananal Island" }, { "id": "18095826", "text": "Bhavani Island Bhavani Island situated in the midst of the Krishna River, at Vijayawada. It is located at the upstream of Prakasam Barrage and is considered as one of the largest river islands in India, with an area of . The Kanaka Durga Temple is the abode of Goddess Durga. She is also known with another name as Bhavani and hence, the island is named \"Bhavani Island\". The island is located in close proximity to the temple. Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation has taken initiatives to develop the place into a tourist spot. One such initiative is \"Shilparamam\", an arts", "title": "Bhavani Island" }, { "id": "18095827", "text": "and crafts village project. It is also helpful for local artisans such as Kondapalli toy makers, weavers etc. APTDC has developed infrastructure on Bhavani Island to attract many tourists, which include sporting activities, resorts, rural museum, Berm Park, rope-way etc. Car Rentals in Vijayawada Bhavani Island Bhavani Island situated in the midst of the Krishna River, at Vijayawada. It is located at the upstream of Prakasam Barrage and is considered as one of the largest river islands in India, with an area of . The Kanaka Durga Temple is the abode of Goddess Durga. She is also known with another", "title": "Bhavani Island" }, { "id": "10538889", "text": "of Assam and the biggest city in North-East India, this serves as the major gateway to the whole region. The major tourist spots of Guwahati are Kamakhya Temple, River Cruise on the river Brahmaputra, Shankardev Kalakshetra, Umananda Temple, Assam State Zoo, Shilpagram etc. Chandubi Lake, Sonapur, Madan Kamdev, Chandrapur and Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary are other famous spots outskirts the city .While visiting Madan Kamdev Tourists also visit the ancient temple Gopeswar Mandir situated in the village Deuduar. The largest freshwater island in South Asia on the Brahmaputra River. Majuli is famous for its Vaishnavite Satras such as Kamalabari Satra, Dakhinpat", "title": "Tourism in Assam" }, { "id": "3548713", "text": "rides and two ferry rides. On the north bank is the river Subansiri and on the south bank, the mighty Brahmaputra has excided the island from the main land. Lakhimpur town is to the north and Golaghat is to its southwest. The town of Sibsagar is on the southeast and Jorhat is to the south. On the extreme east is Dibrugarh District. The southern part of the island is a bird lover's paradise. The best time to visit is between November to March as the weather and wildlife view is satisfactory. There are three locales for birdwatching: .Sakuli Beel, near", "title": "Majuli" }, { "id": "14668574", "text": "Langshiang Falls The Langshiang Falls is located near the village of Sangriang, from Nongstoin, in West Khasi Hills district in the Indian state of Meghalaya. It can also be seen from Mawpon village. The total height of the falls is generally quoted at around . However, that needs to be confirmed. Considering the height to be correct, it is the 3rd highest waterfalls in India. Langshiang, about 24-25 km from Nongstoin, is about 30 minutes walk from Sangriang village. The Mighty Kynshi River after splitting and forms the 2nd largest River Island in Asia meets somewhere on the upstream side", "title": "Langshiang Falls" }, { "id": "3548711", "text": "department & The Brahmaputra Board are struggling to solve the erosion problem of this island for the last three decade but without much success. Recently it was suggested that a four-lane highway protected by concrete mat along the southern boundary of Majuli and excavation of river bed of the Brahmaputra River, only can solve the problem. The project also includes two flood gates for the Kherkatia suti which is a tributary of the Brahmaputra. The Brahmaputra River Restoration Project is yet to be implemented by the government. However, a nomination has been sent to the UNESCO for the declaration of", "title": "Majuli" }, { "id": "8485269", "text": "land a small jet is also located north of Londolovit, at Kunaye. As is the case in many tropical regions, mosquito-borne viruses are present on the island, as is malaria. Land ownership follows traditional models with land being owned by clans. Insofar as it relates to land ownership, the society is matrilineal with land being passed through the female generations. The land cannot be sold; however, usage rights can be granted. Lihir Island Lihir Island (a.k.a. Niolam Island) is the largest island in the Lihir group of islands, 22 km long and 14.5 km wide, in Papua New Guinea's New", "title": "Lihir Island" }, { "id": "19068257", "text": "Assam, there are the more general ones too, on Nature, beauty and life and set in places other than Assam and the Brahmaputra, as for instance, in Meghalaya, Delhi and Noida. A Haiku by Tess titled \"Brahmaputra River II\" goes thus: \"Touch the black, soft sand,/Of the fluid, gold lagoon./Don't throw rubbish bags.\" And in \"These Small Thoughts\" Deka reveals what Umananda is, \"A tiny river island amidst the mighty river Brahmaputra near the prehistoric city of Pragjyotishpur, known by its modern name Guwahati now,\" in a way that brings the image so alive: \"The tiny rivulet reflect a myriad", "title": "A Stanza of Sunlight on the Banks of Brahmaputra" }, { "id": "18341229", "text": "\"And in \"These Small Thoughts\" Deka reveals what Umananda is, \"A tiny river island amidst the mighty river Brahmaputra near the prehistoric city of Pragjyotishpur, known by its modern name Guwahati now\", in a way that brings the image so alive: \"The tiny rivulet reflect a myriad of colour/The distant Umananda--a majestic aloof lily pad/The blackish riverbank with flowing wind/The cities dreaming of fleeced nomad/Besides the tidal marina\".\" This book found a place of pride in the prestigious London Poetry Library, which is the first official recognition for an Assamese poet by the famous British institution devoted to poetry.<br> His", "title": "Arnab Jan Deka" }, { "id": "4572625", "text": "Sundarbans The Sundarbans is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans from the Hooghly River in India's state of West Bengal to the Baleswar River in Bangladesh. It comprises closed and open mangrove forests, agriculturally used land, mudflats and barren land, and is intersected by multiple tidal streams and channels. Four protected areas in the Sundarbans are enlisted as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, viz Sundarbans National Park, Sundarbans West, Sundarbans South and Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuaries. The Sundarbans mangrove forest covers an area of", "title": "Sundarbans" }, { "id": "191111", "text": "The plains encompass an area of . The major rivers in this region are the Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra along with their main tributaries–Yamuna, Chambal, Gomti, Ghaghara, Kosi, Sutlej, Ravi, Beas, Chenab, and Tista—as well as the rivers of the Ganges Delta, such as the Meghna. The great plains are sometimes classified into four divisions: The Indo-Gangetic belt is the world's most extensive expanse of uninterrupted alluvium formed by the deposition of silt by the numerous rivers. The plains are flat making it conducive for irrigation through canals. The area is also rich in ground water sources.The plains are one", "title": "Geography of India" }, { "id": "11260574", "text": "launching CHARKHA, he decided to work in the insurgent prone Upper Assam, specifically in Majuli island on the Brahmaputra. His father recollected the family discussions around this decision. \" When we were dissuading Sanjoy from going to the terrorism-ridden Assam\", he replied, \"then whose son will you send ?\" Through the sponsorship of Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rurul Development, North East (AVARD-NE) Sanjoy and seven colleagues set up base in Majuli island on the Brahmaputra river in April 1996. The island faced annual flooding and erosion of land. The island had shrunk by around 500 square kilometres in the", "title": "Sanjoy Ghose" }, { "id": "15933790", "text": "Yushan Island Yushan Island () is in Xiangshan County in northeast Zhejiang province, Eastern China. It is the most southeastern island in Xiangshan, located 27 miles from Shipu Town (), near Ningbo City. It is situated in the north and south ocean current intersection belt, and is the line basis points of China’s territorial waters. The island's north section is the largest, with a total land area of 2.3 square kilometers. There are three sub-islands called North Yushan (), South Yushan (), and the Five Tiger Reef (). Yushan Island is known as \"the first fishing area in Asia\". The", "title": "Yushan Island" }, { "id": "3245734", "text": "Tupinambarana Ilha Tupinambarana is the name of a former fluvial island bordered by rivers of the Amazon system (Amazon, Madeira, Sucunduri, and Abacaxis) in eastern Amazonas, Brazil. Today, it has been split into four completely separate parts by natural channels, just like those isolating it from the mainland—it is no longer one island, but four. The original island stretched from the municipalities of Parintins, in the northeast, to Nova Olinda do Norte, in the southwest. The combined area of the islands is to 11,850 km², making Ilha Tupinambarana the second largest fluvial group of islands in the world after Bananal", "title": "Tupinambarana" }, { "id": "10782859", "text": "island of IJburg in Amsterdam, and Flamingo Island in Kamfers Dam, South Africa. At , Flevopolder, in the now-freshwater lake IJsselmeer, is the largest man-made island in the world. Note: Samosir in Lake Toba, Indonesia – , was originally formed as a peninsula; its current island status, however, is only through its deliberate separation from the mainland by a canal. For this reason, it is not included in the above list. Lake island A lake island is any landmass within a lake. It is a type of inland island. Lake islands may form a lake archipelago. Lake islands may form", "title": "Lake island" }, { "id": "1539167", "text": "transboundary water navigation. The lives of many millions of Indian and Bangladeshi citizens are reliant on the Brahmaputra river. Its delta is home to 130 million people and 600 000 people live on the riverine islands. These people rely on the annual 'normal' flood to bring moisture and fresh sediments to the floodplain soils, hence providing the necessities for agricultural and marine farming. In fact, two of the three seasonal rice varieties (aus and aman) cannot survive without the floodwater. Furthermore, the fish caught both on the floodplain during flood season and from the many floodplain ponds are the main", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "6813251", "text": "to large examples covering many square kilometers, examples of which are given below. The term \"towhead\" implies a little islet or sandbar within a river (most often the Mississippi River) having a grouping or thicket of trees, and is often used in the Midwestern United States. Many rivers, if wide enough, can house considerably large islands. The term \"towhead\" was popularised by Mark Twain's \"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\". In England, a river island in the Thames is referred to as an \"ait\" (or \"eyot\"). Majuli in India, being non-coastal and being between two channels of one river is recognised by", "title": "River island" }, { "id": "2343078", "text": "New Georgia Islands The New Georgia Islands are part of the Western Province of the Solomon Islands. They are located to the northwest of Guadalcanal. The larger islands are mountainous and covered in rain forest. The main islands are New Georgia, Vella Lavella, Kolombangara (a dormant volcano), Ghizo, Vangunu, Rendova and Tetepare. They are surrounded by coral reefs and includes the largest salt water lagoon in the world: Marovo lagoon. Another famous location is Kennedy Island where United States President John F. Kennedy spent three days stranded during World War II. Several of the islands were scenes of fighting in", "title": "New Georgia Islands" }, { "id": "3197083", "text": "the British Indian Ocean Territory before its independence in 1965. Additionally, France shares a sovereignty claim over Tromelin, an uninhabited islet between Madagascar and Mauritius' main island. The total land area of the country is 2040 km (excluding the Chagos Archipelago), that is the 169th largest nation in the world by size. Mauritian territory also incorporates the island of Rodrigues, which is situated some 560 kilometers to the east and is 104 km in area. Rodrigues used to be the country's tenth district, it gained autonomous status in 2002. The twin islands of Agaléga have a total land area of", "title": "Outer Islands of Mauritius" }, { "id": "7672010", "text": "islands are Stewart Island (across the Foveaux Strait), Chatham Island, Great Barrier Island (in the Hauraki Gulf), d'Urville Island (in the Marlborough Sounds) and Waiheke Island (about from central Auckland). New Zealand is long and narrow (over along its north-north-east axis with a maximum width of ), with about of coastline and a total land area of . Because of its far-flung outlying islands and long coastline, the country has extensive marine resources. Its exclusive economic zone is one of the largest in the world, covering more than 15 times its land area. The South Island is the largest landmass", "title": "New Zealand" }, { "id": "8454791", "text": "Phoenix Island Phoenix Island (), dubbed the Oriental Dubai, is an artificial archipelago consisting of two landmasses forming an island resort in Sanya, Hainan Province, China. These islands are located in the southeast part of Sanya Bay. The eastern island, nearest the shore is complete. The western island is currently under construction. The eastern is long by wide and covers a total area of . It is connected the shore by a 395-metre bridge. The western island is similar in size and shape, and is connected to the eastern island by a short, narrow strip of land. The original concept", "title": "Phoenix Island" }, { "id": "13636448", "text": "President's Island President's Island is a peninsula on the Mississippi River in southwest Memphis, Tennessee. The city's major river port and an industrial park are located there. The name \"President\" or \"President's\" Island appeared as early as 1801 or 1802 in a river guide called \"Cramer's Navigator\". The name referred to the island's size, then the largest on the Mississippi River. At that time President's Island was an actual island. Some old river maps identify the northern third of the present island as Vice President's Island. The Freedmen's Bureau established a camp on the island for freed slaves in 1865,", "title": "President's Island" }, { "id": "3548715", "text": "of assam. Mājuli is one of the 9 assembly segments of Lakhimpur Lok Sabha constituency. At present Sarbananda Sonowal (2014-) is the MP (Member of Parliament) from Bharatiya Janata Party. He is currently the Chief Minister of Assam. Ribhaba Bharali - Future of Brahmaputra & Majuli Published in Amar Assam a daily news paper in Nov2012. & Brahmaputra River Restoration Project Published in Assamese Pratidin & Amar Assam in October 2012 & Restoration of Majuli published on Assamese Pratidin in June 2013. Majuli Mājuli or Majoli (pron: ˈmʌʤʊlɪ)) is a river island in the Brahmaputra River, Assam and in 2016", "title": "Majuli" }, { "id": "5531392", "text": "a branch of the Ai Sokula clan. Isikeli Vuruna, a rugby union footballer, was born on Taveuni. Both \"Avengers of the Reef\" and \"Return to the Blue Lagoon\" were partially filmed on the island. Taveuni Taveuni (pronounced ) is the third-largest island in Fiji, after Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, with a total land area of . The cigar-shaped island, a massive shield volcano which rises from the floor of the Pacific Ocean, is situated to the east of Vanua Levu, across the Somosomo Strait. It belongs to the Vanua Levu Group of islands and is part of Fiji's Cakaudrove", "title": "Taveuni" }, { "id": "20031407", "text": "Bridges\", \"Ri- Homeland of Uncertainty\", \"Raag and Othelo\" were some of the highly acclaimed films from the northeast were screened athe festival. Jivitesh Mazumdar's \"Lotkon\" was the winner of Brahmaputra Valley Short Film contest 2015. Kamal Paran's \"Mirrage\" and Porag Gogoi's \"A River Island Tale\" won the 1st and 2nd runner up titles respectively. Renowned and legendary Assamese filmmaker Shri Abdul Majid was Awarded with the Lifetime Achievement Award for the year 2015. Fourth edition of the Brahmaputra Valley Film Festival 2016 was held on 22nd, 23 and 24 July at Pragjyoti ITA Centre, Guwahati. The three day festival was", "title": "Brahmaputra Valley Film Festival" }, { "id": "11010845", "text": "Hutchinson Island (Georgia) Hutchinson Island is a river island in the Savannah River, north of downtown Savannah in Chatham County, Georgia, United States. The island is formed where the Back River breaks off to the north from the Savannah River. Historically, Hutchinson Island's land use has been primarily industrial, much of which supported the Port of Savannah, one of the busiest containerization cargo ports in the world. The island is roughly long and wide at its widest point. Hutchinson Island also played a major role in the capture of Savannah during the American Civil War. After capturing Atlanta, Union Gen.", "title": "Hutchinson Island (Georgia)" }, { "id": "2767229", "text": "even though the main forms of transport are by horse, bicycle, and foot. From north to south, the island forms the western portions of the municipalities of Pium, Lagoa da Confusão, and Formoso do Araguaia, in southwestern Tocantins. Bananal Island Bananal Island (, ) is a large river island formed from the bisection of the Araguaia River, in southwestern Tocantins, Brazil. The island is formed by a fork in a very flat section of the Araguaia River. Bananal Island is the second largest fluvial island in the world and the largest without an ocean coastline, at long and wide. Its", "title": "Bananal Island" }, { "id": "1539153", "text": "perished together with 254 00 poultry and 63 MT of lost fish production. Flood-control measures are taken by water resource department and the Brahmaputra Board, but until now the flood problem remains unsolved. At least a third of the land of Majuli island has been eroded by the river. Recently, it is suggested that a highway protected by concrete mat along the river bank and excavation of the river bed can curb this menace. This project, named the Brahmaputra River Restoration Project, is yet to be implemented by the government.Recently the Central Government approved the construction of Brahmaputra Express Highways.", "title": "Brahmaputra River" }, { "id": "10063514", "text": "sea water level rose at a rate of a year. India is preparing to send a study team to physically assess the situation in the region. New Moor South Talpatti or New Moore, was a small uninhabited offshore sandbar island in the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta region. It emerged in the Bay of Bengal in the aftermath of the Bhola cyclone in 1970, and disappeared at some later point. Although the island was uninhabited and there were no permanent settlements or stations located on it, both India and Bangladesh claimed sovereignty over it because", "title": "New Moor" }, { "id": "4760874", "text": "barrage to prevent the river water flowing through Murray Mouth into the ocean. Area: Perimeter: Distance from Hindmarsh Island: Rat Island/Grindstone Island (35°31'12.59\"S 138°57'34.83\"E) is a small private owned island off the easternmost point of the island. It covers of land. Area: Perimeter: Distance from Hindmarsh Island: Varcoe Island (35°32'30.29\"S 138°54'8.55\"E) is an extremely small island, with a population of 0. Area: Perimeter: Distance from Hindmarsh Island: Bird Island/Gull Island (35°33'13.44\"S 138°53'42.28\"E) is small-sized island which has a population of 0, it is off the southernmost point of the island. Area: Perimeter: Distance from Hindmarsh Island: Goose Island (35°30'3.98\"S 138°56'9.47\"E)", "title": "Hindmarsh Island" }, { "id": "6570887", "text": "an area of 1.5 square kilometers. Its maximum elevation is . The small village of Nalutu () is located on Qelelevu. Fishing is the only significant economic activity. Raranitiqa Island in Fiji, a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier group to the northern island of Vanua Levu. It has a land area of 2.49 hectares. Taininbeka is an atoll in Fiji, a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier group to the northern island of Vanua Levu. This uninhabited islet is situated at 16.04° South and 179.09° East, and has a total land", "title": "Ringgold Isles" }, { "id": "3245735", "text": "Island. Tupinambarana Ilha Tupinambarana is the name of a former fluvial island bordered by rivers of the Amazon system (Amazon, Madeira, Sucunduri, and Abacaxis) in eastern Amazonas, Brazil. Today, it has been split into four completely separate parts by natural channels, just like those isolating it from the mainland—it is no longer one island, but four. The original island stretched from the municipalities of Parintins, in the northeast, to Nova Olinda do Norte, in the southwest. The combined area of the islands is to 11,850 km², making Ilha Tupinambarana the second largest fluvial group of islands in the world after", "title": "Tupinambarana" }, { "id": "596047", "text": "do Bananal\"), in the southwest of the State, is the largest fluvial island in the world. Tocantins is also home to the Araguaia National Park, the Carajás Indian reservations, and Jalapão State Park, which is about from Palmas. There, the rivers create oases in the dry landscape, attracting many ecotourists to the region. Tocantins geography is varied. It straddles both the Amazon Rainforest and the coastal savanna. Many rivers (including the Tocantins River) traverse the state. Researchers have identified more than 20 archaeologically significant sites related to indigenous cultures. Tocantins is bordered to the northeast by the states of Maranhão", "title": "Tocantins" }, { "id": "13636452", "text": "island was annexed by the city in 1947. The 7,500 acre island is home to a diverse wildlife habitat with 1,200 acres zoned for industrial development. 95% of the industrial land is already occupied with an annual economic impact of $7.1 billion. The industrial park supports about 200 companies with 4,000 employees. Most of the land is in the flood plain with several thousand acres of undeveloped woodlands. President's Island President's Island is a peninsula on the Mississippi River in southwest Memphis, Tennessee. The city's major river port and an industrial park are located there. The name \"President\" or \"President's\"", "title": "President's Island" }, { "id": "3456679", "text": "There has been steep rise in the prices of fishes as well, the prominent varieties of which being Rohu (\"Rou\"), Catla (\"Bahu\"), Walking catfish (\"Magur\") and Monopterus (\"Kuchia\") among many others. Guwahati Guwahati (\"Pragjyotishpur\" in ancient Assam, \"Gauhati\" in the colonial era) is the largest city in the Indian state of Assam and also the largest urban area in Northeast India. A major riverine port city and one of the fastest growing cities in India, Guwahati is situated on the south bank of the Brahmaputra. The ancient cities of Pragjyotishpur and Durjaya (North Guwahati) were the capitals of the ancient", "title": "Guwahati" }, { "id": "11616461", "text": "Aratika Aratika is an atoll in the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. The nearest land is Kauehi Atoll, located 35 km to the south east. Aratika has an unusual butterfly shape. Its length is and its maximum width . It has a land area of approximately . The lagoon is wide and deep, and can be entered by two navigable passes. Aratika had 160 inhabitants in 2012. The main village is called Paparara. Aratika appears in some maps as \"Carlshoff Island\". This atoll was visited by the Charles Wilkes expedition on September 3, 1839. Prior to the pearl market slump", "title": "Aratika" }, { "id": "3596286", "text": "Andaman and Nicobar Islands (8,293 km² on 139 islands) are a group of islands situated in the Bay of Bengal at about 780 miles from Kolkata (known at the time as Calcutta), 740 miles from Chennai (known at the time as Madras) and 120 miles from Cape Nargis in Burma. On 23 March 1942 a Japanese invasion force seized the islands and occupied them until the end of the war. On 29 December 1943, political control of the islands was theoretically passed to the Azad Hind government of Subhas Chandra Bose. Bose visited Port Blair to raise the tricolour flag", "title": "South-East Asian theatre of World War II" }, { "id": "1393140", "text": "lake in a freshwater island in the world, and Treasure Island in Lake Mindemoya is the largest island in a lake on an island in a lake in the world. Motors are prohibited on boats on Nameless Lake. The island also has four major rivers: the Kagawong, Manitou River, Blue Jay Creek in Michael's Bay and Mindemoya rivers, which provide spawning grounds for salmon and trout. The Manitoulin Streams Improvement Association was formed in 2000 and incorporated in 2007. The organization rehabilitates streams, rivers and creeks on Manitoulin Island to improve water quality and the fisheries resource. The Manitoulin Streams", "title": "Manitoulin Island" }, { "id": "2851892", "text": "Jaluit Atoll Jaluit Atoll (Marshallese: ', , or ', ) is a large coral atoll of 91 islands in the Pacific Ocean and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is , and it encloses a lagoon with an area of . Most of the land area is on the largest islet (motu) of Jaluit (10.4 km²). Jaluit is approximately southwest of Majuro. Jaluit Atoll is a designated conservation area and Ramsar Wetland. In 2011 the population of the islands of Jaluit Atoll was 1,788. It was the former administrative seat", "title": "Jaluit Atoll" }, { "id": "6181126", "text": "the island. Siargao Siargao is a tear-drop shaped island in the Philippine Sea situated 800 kilometers southeast of Manila in the province of Surigao del Norte. It has a land area of approximately . The east where such Art Skyes coast is relatively straight with one deep inlet, Port Pilar. The coastline is marked by a succession of reefs, small points and white, sandy beaches. The neighboring islands and islets have similar landforms. The island is composed of municipalities of Burgos, Dapa, Del Carmen, General Luna, San Benito, Pilar, San Isidro, Santa Monica and Socorro. Siargao Island contains the largest", "title": "Siargao" }, { "id": "9033946", "text": "Dipor Bil Dipor Bil, also spelt Deepor Beel (Pron: dɪpɔ:(r) bɪl) (\"bil\" or \"Kaushal Tisa\" means \"lake\" in the local Assamese language), is located to the south-west of Guwahati city, in Kamrup district of Assam, India It is a permanent freshwater lake, in a former channel of the Brahmaputra River, to the south of the main river. It is also called a wetland under the Ramsar Convention which has listed the lake in November 2002, as a Ramsar Site for undertaking conservation measures on the basis of its biological and environmental importance. Considered as one of the largest beels in", "title": "Dipor Bil" }, { "id": "2877398", "text": "Nicobar Islands The Nicobar Islands are an archipelagic island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean. They are located in Southeast Asia, 150 km north of Aceh on Sumatra, and separated from Thailand to the east by the Andaman Sea. Located 1,300 km southeast of the Indian subcontinent, across the Bay of Bengal, they form part of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. UNESCO has declared the Great Nicobar Island as one of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The Nicobar Islands cover a land area of 1,841 km and had a population of 36,844 during the 2011", "title": "Nicobar Islands" }, { "id": "4835679", "text": "splits into two forks (with the western one retaining the name Araguaia and the eastern one being called the Javaés River). These later reunite, forming the Ilha do Bananal, the world's largest river island. The vein of the Javaés forms a broad inland where it pours back into the main Araguaia, a 100,000 hectare expanse of igapós flooded forest, blackwater river channels, and oxbow lakes called Cantão, protected by the Cantão State Park. This is one of the biologically richest areas of the eastern Amazon, with over 700 species of birds, nearly 300 species of fish, large populations species such", "title": "Araguaia River" }, { "id": "19515549", "text": "of the island below high water, the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary overlays the entire island, and the Torrens Island Conservation Park includes some land exposed at low water at the east end of the island. Garden Island (South Australia) Garden Island is an island in the Australian state of South Australia located about north-west of the capital city of Adelaide in an estuary system within the Adelaide metropolitan area which drains into Gulf St Vincent. It is notable as being a site for a mangrove forest, a landfill, a part of the site for the Multifunction Polis, a ship graveyard and", "title": "Garden Island (South Australia)" }, { "id": "15248654", "text": "Sundarbans West Wildlife Sanctuary Sundarbans West Wildlife Sanctuary is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and animal sanctuary in Bangladesh. The area of the reserve covers 715 km. It is part of the larger Sundarbans region, one of the largest mangroveforests in the world. It is formed at the unified delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal. The total area of the entire Sundarbans is about one million ha, 60% of which is found in Bangladesh, with the remainder in India. The region is divided by the Raimangal River. Within the Bangladeshi area of Sundarbans,", "title": "Sundarbans West Wildlife Sanctuary" }, { "id": "9034035", "text": "by Inland Water Transport, which connects the Peacock island to Guwahati from Uzanbazar Ferry Ghat also known as ka hari ghat. The fees is as low as 20 rupees per person.150+ stairs have to be climed to reach the temple. Umananda Temple Umananda Devaloi (Pron: ˈʊməˌnændə ˈdeɪvəˌlɔɪ) is a Shiva temple located at the Peacock Island in the middle of river Brahmaputra just opposite the office of the Deputy Commissioner of Kamrup or the Kachari Ghat in Guwahati. It was built by the Ahom King Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696), who was a devout Shaivaite. It is known as smallest inhabited riverine", "title": "Umananda Temple" }, { "id": "2617311", "text": "Riau Islands The Riau Islands () is a province of Indonesia. It comprises a total of 1,796 islands lying between the Malacca Strait, the Karimata Strait and the South China Sea. The province is located on one of the world's busiest shipping lanes, sharing water borders with Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Originally part of the province of Riau, the Riau Islands became Indonesia's third-youngest province in September 2002. The capital is Tanjung Pinang and the largest city is Batam. The native inhabitant of the Riau Islands, called Orang Laut, formed the backbone of most Malay kingdoms from Srivijaya to the", "title": "Riau Islands" }, { "id": "4614218", "text": "Taiping Island Taiping Island, better known internationally as Itu Aba, and also known by various other names, is the largest of the naturally occurring Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. The island is elliptical in shape being in length and in width, with an area of . It is located on the northern edge of the Tizard Bank (Zheng He Reefs; 鄭和群礁). The runway of the Taiping Island Airport is easily the most prominent feature on the island, running its entire length. The island is administered by Taiwan (the Republic of China), as part of Qijin, Kaohsiung. It is", "title": "Taiping Island" }, { "id": "6570886", "text": "island in Fiji, and is a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier group to the northern island of Vanua Levu. It has a land area of 69.29 hectares. Maqewa Island is narrow and rocky. It has a total land area of 26.05 hectares. A single coral reef with two rock bound islands, one larger than the other Qelelevu is a coral islet in Fiji, a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier to the northern island of Vanua Levu. Apart from three nearby coral islets, it is from the nearest island. Qelelevu covers", "title": "Ringgold Isles" }, { "id": "11638214", "text": "Katiu Katiu, or Taungataki, is an atoll of the central Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia. It is located west of Makemo Atoll's westernmost point. Katiu Atoll is roughly oval in shape. It measures in length with a maximum width of . Its total area, including the lagoon is and a land area of approximately . There are many narrow islands on the north-eastern side of its long reef with a total land area of about . Its lagoon is connected to the ocean. Katiu has a population of 250 inhabitants. The main occupations are fishing, copra harvesting and pearl farming.", "title": "Katiu" }, { "id": "3805077", "text": "in the contiguous United States, measuring along a straight line from end to end, or roughly along the curve of the land. Hatteras Island is known for sport fishing, surfing, windsurfing and kiteboarding, and is known as \"the blue marlin capital of the world\". According to the United States Census Bureau the island has a land area of and a population of 4,001 as of the 2000 census. It lies in parts of Kinnakeet Township and Hatteras Township in Dare County, and Ocracoke Township in Hyde County. The Croatoan Indians were the first human inhabitants of Hatteras Island. The Croatoans", "title": "Hatteras Island" }, { "id": "6969105", "text": "Ismehelaa Hera, also separated from Hulhumeedhoo to build a resort. The resort is currently under construction. Medhebandharo, also synonymously known as 'Fasgando', is the central harbour of the island. It is home to MPL Hulhumeedhoo Ferry Terminal and Hulhumeedhoo Fisheries Complex. Hulhumeedhoo Kilhi or Mathikilhi or simply, Kilhi is a large marshy area which covers most of the land area of Hulhumeedhoo (it covers most of Meedhoo and Hulhudhoo). \"Kilhi\" usually means either Lake or Mangrove in Dhivehi language of Maldives. But here it refers to the large marshy area where hundreds (or thousands) of freshwater ponds are located. The", "title": "Hulhumeedhoo" }, { "id": "19953244", "text": "the result of a varying, often controversial mixture of natural and anthropogenic factors. There are other definitions of wetland loss commonly used. For example, some researchers defined wetland loss as \"the substantial removal of wetland from its ecologic role under natural conditions.\" Because of a highly variable combination of sea level rise, sediment starvation, coastal erosion, wetland deterioration, various types of subsidence, and various human activities, land loss within delta plains is a significant global problem. The large delta plains of the world, including the Danube, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus, Mahanadi, Mangoky, McKenzie, Mississippi, Niger, Nile, Shatt el Arab, Volga, Yellow,", "title": "Land loss" }, { "id": "8068716", "text": "Si Phan Don The Si Phan Don (; meaning \"4000 islands\") is a riverine archipelago in the Mekong River, Champasak Province in southern Laos. Si Phan Don is part of the Khong District, including the islands and part of the mainland in the east. Si Phan Don is dotted with numerous islands, half of which are submerged when the Mekong River is in flood. The principal islands of Si Phan Don are Don Khong (the largest), Don Som (the second largest), Don Det and Don Khon. Si Phan Don borders Cambodia and historical and cultural ties link the people on", "title": "Si Phan Don" }, { "id": "11657898", "text": "Benguerra Island Benguerra Island in Mozambique is the second largest island in the Bazaruto Archipelago, which broke away from the mainland thousands of years ago. The island is approximately 55 square kilometers (11km long x 5.5 km wide), and lies 14km offshore. Portuguese explorers also gave the island the name Santa Antonio. It is famous for its unspoiled white beaches, dive sites,luxury resorts, horseback riding and fishing. Benguerra Island comprises forest, savannah, freshwater lakes and wetland eco-systems that sustain a diverse population of fauna and flora. Fresh water crocodiles can be found in the three lakes, bearing testimony to the", "title": "Benguerra Island" }, { "id": "3314436", "text": "Sauvie Island Sauvie Island, in the U.S. state of Oregon, originally Wapato Island or Wappatoo Island, is the largest island along the Columbia River, at , and one of the largest river islands in the United States. It lies approximately ten miles northwest of downtown Portland, between the Columbia River to the east, the Multnomah Channel to the west, and the Willamette River to the south. A large portion of the island is designated as the Sauvie Island Wildlife Area. Sturgeon Lake, in the north central part of the island, is the most prominent water feature. The land area is", "title": "Sauvie Island" }, { "id": "190855", "text": "Indonesia Indonesia ( , ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( ), is a country in Southeast Asia, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands, and at , the 14th largest by land area and the 7th largest in combined sea and land area. With over floor(/1e6) million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, contains more than half of the country's population. The sovereign state is a presidential, constitutional", "title": "Indonesia" }, { "id": "13374074", "text": "Hajógyári Island Hajógyári Island (Shipyard Island, for the shipyard that once operated there) or Óbudai-sziget (Óbuda Island, or Island of Old Buda) is the largest Danubian island in Budapest. Located in District III, it is a popular recreational area, year round. It is the home of the international Sziget Festival every August. Hajógyári was created from the debris carried by the Danube River. It was originally a reef island made up of two adjoining land masses. The coast of Óbuda lies between the 1651 kilometer and 1654 kilometer river markers. It has an area of 108 hectares, a length of", "title": "Hajógyári Island" }, { "id": "11738323", "text": "Spratly Island Spratly Island (; ), also known as Storm Island, with a natural area of , is the fourth largest of the naturally occurring Spratly Islands in the South China Sea, and the largest of the Vietnamese-administered Spratly islands. It is also claimed by China and Taiwan. In 2016 the Vietnamese embarked on a land reclamation program at ten locations in the Spratly Islands. At Spratly Island 37 acres have been reclaimed, which has allowed for the addition of a harbour and the doubling of the length of the island's runway to a length of about . Spratly island", "title": "Spratly Island" }, { "id": "20236266", "text": "an approval rating of 94% based on 35 reviews with an average rating of 6.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 73 out of 100 based on the reviews by 11 critics indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Most Beautiful Island Most Beautiful Island is a 2017 American drama film written and directed by Ana Asensio. The film stars Ana Asensio, Natasha Romanova, David Little, Nicholas Tucci, Larry Fessenden and Caprice Benedetti. The film was released on November 3, 2017, by Orion Pictures and Samuel Goldwyn Films. The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 12, 2017. On June", "title": "Most Beautiful Island" }, { "id": "2147821", "text": "Mawlynnong, Pynursla, especially the villages of Rangthyllaing and Mawkyrnot, and the area around Dawki, in the West Jaintia Hills district, where there are many living root bridges scattered throughout the nearby villages. The popular waterfalls in the state are the Elephant Falls, Shadthum Falls, Weinia falls, Bishop Falls, Nohkalikai Falls, Langshiang Falls and Sweet Falls. The hot springs at Jakrem near Mawsynram are believed to have curative and medicinal properties. Nongkhnum Island located in the West Khasi Hills district is the biggest river island in Meghalaya and the second biggest in Asia. It is 14 kilometres from Nongstoin. The island", "title": "Meghalaya" }, { "id": "5428124", "text": "Žitný ostrov Žitný ostrov, also called Veľký Žitný ostrov (Great Rye Island) (, ) to differentiate it from Malý Žitný ostrov (Small Rye Island) (, ), is a river island in southwestern Slovakia, extending from Bratislava to Komárno. It lies between the Danube, its tributary Little Danube and Váh. The island is a major part of the Danubian Flat. It is the biggest river island in Europe with an area of , being long and wide. The main towns on the island are Komárno, Dunajská Streda, and Šamorín. The island is an important reservoir of drinking water and an agricultural", "title": "Žitný ostrov" }, { "id": "2168364", "text": "and the Dubai Waterfront. Of all these, only the Palm Jumeirah is complete and inhabited so far. Also, the Burj Al Arab is on its own artificial island. The Universe, Palm Jebel Ali, Dubai Waterfront, and Palm Deira are on hold. China has conducted a land reclamation project which had built at least seven artificial islands in the South China Sea totaling 2000 acres in size by mid 2015. One artificial island built on Fiery Cross Reef near the Spratly Islands is now the site of a military barracks, lookout tower and a runway long enough to handle Chinese military", "title": "Artificial island" }, { "id": "1687983", "text": "Pemba Island Pemba Island ( \"al-Jazīra al-khadrā\", literally \"The Green Island\"), is an island forming part of the Zanzibar Archipelago, lying within the Swahili Coast in the Indian Ocean. With a land area of it is situated about to the north of Unguja, the largest island of the archipelago. In 1964, Zanzibar was united with the former colony of Tanganyika to form Tanzania. It lies east of mainland Tanzania, across the Pemba Channel. Together with Mafia Island (south of Unguja), these islands form the Spice Islands (not to be confused with the Maluku Islands of Indonesia). Most of the island,", "title": "Pemba Island" }, { "id": "6181117", "text": "Siargao Siargao is a tear-drop shaped island in the Philippine Sea situated 800 kilometers southeast of Manila in the province of Surigao del Norte. It has a land area of approximately . The east where such Art Skyes coast is relatively straight with one deep inlet, Port Pilar. The coastline is marked by a succession of reefs, small points and white, sandy beaches. The neighboring islands and islets have similar landforms. The island is composed of municipalities of Burgos, Dapa, Del Carmen, General Luna, San Benito, Pilar, San Isidro, Santa Monica and Socorro. Siargao Island contains the largest mangrove forest", "title": "Siargao" }, { "id": "2932376", "text": "Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. The Palm Islands, The World and hotel Burj al-Arab off Dubai in the United Arab Emirates are other examples of artificial islands (although there is yet no real \"scarcity of land\" in Dubai), as well as the Flevopolder in the Netherlands which is the largest artificial island in the world. Agriculture was a drive for land reclamation before industrialisation. In South China, farmers reclaimed paddy fields by enclosing an area with a stone wall on the sea shore near a river mouth or river", "title": "Land reclamation" }, { "id": "6863267", "text": "the \"Dainik Janambhumi\" crossed its 25 years of existence. The G.L. Publication publishes three newspapers from Guwahati and Jorhat simultaneously. They are the \"North East Times\" (English), \"Amar Asom\" (Assamese), and the \"Purbanchal Prohori\" (Hindi). The other newspapers published from Jorhat are: Jorhat district Jorhat (pron: ˈʤɔ:(r)ˌhɑ:t) is an administrative district of Assam situated in the central part of the Brahmaputra Valley. The district is bounded by Majuli on north, Nagaland state on the south, Charaideo on the east and Golaghat on the west. On the north of the district, the river Brahmaputra forms the largest riverine island of the", "title": "Jorhat district" }, { "id": "15690370", "text": "Marriage Island Marriage Island in Downtown San Antonio, Texas, is an islet in the middle of the San Antonio River on the San Antonio River Walk that is used for weddings. River guides claim that it brings good luck to new marriages and that it is heart-shaped. It is located in front of the Hotel Contessa on the widest part of the river, and is host to about 225 weddings a year. The island is located between the Navarro Street Bridge and Presa Street Bridge along the River Walk. San Antonio River tourist barges pass by the island on every", "title": "Marriage Island" }, { "id": "3625553", "text": "majority of the islands are part of the Tongass National Forest. In order of land area, the largest islands are Prince of Wales Island, Chichagof Island, Admiralty Island, Baranof Island, Revillagigedo Island, Kupreanof Island, Kuiu Island, Etolin Island, Dall Island, Wrangell Island, Mitkof Island, Zarembo Island, Kosciusko Island, Kruzof Island, Annette Island, Gravina Island, and Yakobi Island. All the islands are rugged, densely forested, and have an abundance of wildlife. The Tlingit and Kaigani Haida people are native to the area. The Tsimshian people found on Annette Island are not originally from the area, having immigrated to the region from", "title": "Alexander Archipelago" }, { "id": "230260", "text": "Kiritimati Kiritimati, or Christmas Island, is a Pacific Ocean raised coral atoll in the northern Line Islands. It is part of the Republic of Kiribati. The name \"Kiritimati\" is a respelling of the English word \"Christmas\" in the Kiribati language, in which the combination \"ti\" is pronounced \"s\", and the name is thus pronounced . The island has the greatest land area of any coral atoll in the world, about ; its lagoon is roughly the same size. The atoll is about in perimeter, while the lagoon shoreline extends for over . Kiritimati comprises over 70% of the total land", "title": "Kiritimati" }, { "id": "8491179", "text": "Vangunu Vangunu is an island, part of the New Georgia Islands in the Solomon Islands. It is located between New Georgia and Nggatokae Island. To the north and east of the island is Marovo Lagoon. The island has an area of 509 square kilometres (197 sq mi). The island is located at the southern end of the New Georgia Islands archipelago. To the north-west is the island of New Georgia and to the south-east is the island of Nggatokae. The largest saltwater lagoon in the world, the Marovo Lagoon, encircles most of the island. Vangunu is a volcanic island, dominated", "title": "Vangunu" }, { "id": "11641488", "text": "Vahitahi Vahitahi, or \"Vaitake\", is an atoll in the eastern area of the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Vahitahi's nearest neighbour is Akiaki, which is located to the northwest. Vahitahi is a small atoll with an elongated oval shape. It measures approximately in length and has a maximum width of . Its reef encloses completely the lagoon. The total land area of the islands on its reef is . The main village is called Mohitu (formerly Temanufaara). There were 105 inhabitants according to the 2012 census. Vahitahi Atoll was the first land that Louis Antoine de Bougainville found in the Pacific", "title": "Vahitahi" }, { "id": "4988049", "text": "Nicollet Island Nicollet Island is an island in the Mississippi River just north of Saint Anthony Falls in central Minneapolis, Minnesota. According to the United States Census Bureau the island has a land area of and a 2000 census population of 144 persons. The island makes up a large part of the city-designated Nicollet Island/East Bank neighborhood. The island is named for cartographer Joseph Nicollet, who mapped the Upper Mississippi in the 1830s. The island lies in the middle of the Mississippi, crossed by the Hennepin Avenue Bridge connecting Downtown and Northeast Minneapolis. The island is so near to Saint", "title": "Nicollet Island" }, { "id": "8195451", "text": "Celine Dion Other Nominees: Winner: Roch Voisine Other Nominees: Winner: Jann Arden Other Nominees: Winner: The Rankin Family Other Nominees: Winner: The Waltons Other Nominees: Winner: Leonard Cohen Other Nominees: Winner: Cassandra Vasik Other Nominees: Winner: Charlie Major Other Nominees: Winner: The Rankin Family Other Nominees: Winner: Ofra Harnoy Other Nominees: Winner: Steven MacKinnon and Marc Jordan, \"Waiting for a Miracle\" from \"Reckless Valentine\" by Marc Jordan Other Nominees: Winner: Kevin Doyle, \"Old Cape Cod\" and \"Cry Me a River\" by Anne Murray Other Nominees: Winner: Rush Winner: John V. Mills Winner: \"Harvest Moon\", Neil Young Other Nominees: Winner: \"Tchaikovsky", "title": "Juno Awards of 1994" }, { "id": "13638260", "text": "differentiate Bhaona from other plays. The bhaonas are written in the Assamese and Brajavali languages. In order to witness the Bhaona culture and traditions, one ought to visit Majuli, the largest river island in the world. Majuli receives a huge footfall of foreign tourists from all over the world every year. The natives of this island are very cordial and hospitable and overwhelm everybody with their simplicity. The different xatras perform and maintain the teachings of Srimanta Sankardev to this date keeping alive dying customs and preserving their heritage. Bhaona Bhaona () is a traditional form of entertainment, always with", "title": "Bhaona" }, { "id": "14013557", "text": "Kalyani admires Arnab Jan Deka's poetry from the same book, \"And in \"These Small Thoughts\" Deka reveals what Umananda is, 'A tiny river island amidst the mighty river Brahmaputra near the prehistoric city of Pragjyotishpur, known by its modern name Guwahati now,' in a way that brings the image so alive: \"The tiny rivulet reflect a myriad of colour/The distant Umananda--a majestic aloof lily pad/The blackish riverbank with flowing wind/The cities dreaming of fleeced nomad/Besides the tidal marina\".\" Literature from North East India Literature from North East India () refers to literature of in the languages of North East India", "title": "Literature from North East India" }, { "id": "3392229", "text": "Nagu Nagu (; , ) is a former municipality and parish of Finland. On 1 January 2009, it was consolidated with Houtskär, Iniö, Korpo and Pargas to form the new town of Väståboland. On 1 January 2012 the name Väståboland was changed to Pargas. Nagu consists of two main islands and 1500–3000 smaller islands and skerries located south of Turku in the province of Western Finland in the region of Southwest Finland. The Nagu archipelago is part of the world's largest brackish water archipelago with 100 000 islands, islets and skerries in Sweden, Finland and Estonia. The total area of", "title": "Nagu" }, { "id": "8392812", "text": "other Phoenix Islands, was proclaimed in 2008 to be part of the Phoenix Islands Protected Area, the world's largest marine protected area. Orona Orona atoll, also known as Hull Island, is one of the Phoenix Islands in the Republic of Kiribati. It measures approximately by , and like Kanton, is a narrow ribbon of land surrounding a sizable lagoon with depths of . Numerous passages connect the lagoon to the surrounding ocean, only a couple of which will admit even a small boat. Total land area is , and the maximum elevation is nine metres. Kiribati declared the Phoenix Islands", "title": "Orona" }, { "id": "15118295", "text": "and have also planted more Chinar trees on the island. Char Chinar <mapframe latitude=\"34.1004\" longitude=\"74.8663\" zoom=\"13\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" align=\"right\"> </mapframe> Char Chinar, also sometimes called Char Chinari, Ropa Lank, or Rupa Lank, is an island in Dal Lake, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Dal Lake includes 3 islands, 2 of which are marked with beautiful Chinar trees. The island located on the Bod Dal is known as Rupa Lank (Silver Island), is marked with the presence of majestic Chinar trees at the four corners, thus known as Char-Chinari (Four Chinars). The second Chinar Island, known as Sona Lanka (Gold Island), is", "title": "Char Chinar" }, { "id": "11657899", "text": "island’s mainland past. The island, which is home to approximately 140 bird species, was declared a National Park in 1971. Benguerra Island Benguerra Island in Mozambique is the second largest island in the Bazaruto Archipelago, which broke away from the mainland thousands of years ago. The island is approximately 55 square kilometers (11km long x 5.5 km wide), and lies 14km offshore. Portuguese explorers also gave the island the name Santa Antonio. It is famous for its unspoiled white beaches, dive sites,luxury resorts, horseback riding and fishing. Benguerra Island comprises forest, savannah, freshwater lakes and wetland eco-systems that sustain a", "title": "Benguerra Island" }, { "id": "191049", "text": "island of Surtsey, which was formed in 1963. An atoll is an island formed from a coral reef that has grown on an eroded and submerged volcanic island. The reef rises to the surface of the water and forms a new island. Atolls are typically ring-shaped with a central lagoon. Examples are the Line Islands in the Pacific and the Maldives in the Indian Ocean. Approximately 45,000 tropical islands with an area of at least exist. Examples formed from coral reefs include Maldives, Tonga, Samoa, Nauru, and Polynesia. Granite islands include Seychelles and Tioman and volcanic islands such as Saint", "title": "Island" }, { "id": "613981", "text": "Geography of Madagascar Madagascar is a large island in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of southern Africa, east of Mozambique. It is the fourth largest island in the world. The highest point is Maromokotro, in the Tsaratanana Massif region in the north of the island, at . The capital Antananarivo is in the Hauts Plateaux near the centre of the island. Madagascar has a total area of with of land and of water. Madagascar is 400 kilometres (250 miles) east of mainland Africa. Madagascar originated as part of the Gondwana supercontinent. Its west coast was formed when Africa", "title": "Geography of Madagascar" }, { "id": "9942587", "text": "from Mangalore passing through Udupi, Kundapura, Goa, Ratnagiri and Roha near Mumbai. Malpe is from Udupi town. St. Mary's Islands St. Mary's Islands, also known as Coconut Island and Thonsepar, are a set of four small islands in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Malpe in Udupi, Karnataka, India. They are known for their distinctive geological formation of columnar basaltic lava (pictured). Scientific studies indicate that the basalt of the St. Mary's Islands was formed by sub-aerial subvolcanic activity, because at that time Madagascar was attached to India. The rifting of Madagascar took place around 88 million years ago.", "title": "St. Mary's Islands" }, { "id": "372069", "text": "nautical miles, and a territorial sea of twelve nautical miles. Just off the coast of St Helena island itself are numerous small islands. Starting from the north and running clockwise, these are: Shore Island, George Island, Rough Rock Island, Flat Rock, The Buoys, Sandy Bay Island, Black Horse Island, White Bird Island, Frightus Island, Jar Rock, Castle Point Rock, Robert Rock, Salt Rock, Speery Island, Flat Rock, The Needle, Lower and Upper Black Rock, Bird Island, Black Rock, Thompson's Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady's Chair, Lighter Rock, Long Ledge, and Red Rock. Saint Helena harbours at least 40", "title": "Geography of Saint Helena" } ]

[ "William Thomas Sadler" ]

[ { "id": "13895902", "text": "William Sadler (actor) William Thomas Sadler (born April 13, 1950) is an American film and television actor. His television and motion picture roles have included Chesty Puller in \"The Pacific\", in \"\", Sheriff Jim Valenti in \"Roswell\", convict Heywood in \"The Shawshank Redemption\", Senator Vernon Trent in \"Hard to Kill\", and the Grim Reaper in \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", a role for which he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, and his role as Colonel Stuart opposite Bruce Willis in \"Die Hard 2\". He played the character of President of the United States, Matthew Ellis, in \"Iron", "title": "William Sadler (actor)" }, { "id": "13895909", "text": "Possessions\", which was screened at SXSW. William Sadler (actor) William Thomas Sadler (born April 13, 1950) is an American film and television actor. His television and motion picture roles have included Chesty Puller in \"The Pacific\", in \"\", Sheriff Jim Valenti in \"Roswell\", convict Heywood in \"The Shawshank Redemption\", Senator Vernon Trent in \"Hard to Kill\", and the Grim Reaper in \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", a role for which he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, and his role as Colonel Stuart opposite Bruce Willis in \"Die Hard 2\". He played the character of President of the", "title": "William Sadler (actor)" }, { "id": "1875165", "text": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey is a 1991 American science fiction comedy film, and the directing debut of Pete Hewitt. It is the second film in the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise, and a sequel to \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989). Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter and George Carlin reprise their roles. The film's original working title was \"Bill & Ted Go to Hell\" and the film's soundtrack featured the song \"Go to Hell\" by Megadeth, which Dave Mustaine wrote for the film. Despite mixed reviews from film critics, like its predecessor, the film has since", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "13895906", "text": "Hard 2\" as Colonel Stuart, as Heywood in the 1994 prison drama \"The Shawshank Redemption\", the Grim Reaper in the 1991 comedy \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" and as Brayker in \"Demon Knight\". He was also a series regular on the television series \"Roswell\" as Sheriff Jim Valenti and in \"Wonderfalls\" as Darrin Tyler. Other film credits include \"Trespass\", \"K-9\", \"Project X\", \"Disturbing Behavior\", \"Kinsey\", \"The Battle of Shaker Heights\", \"Purple Heart\", \"Jimmy and Judy\" and \"August Rush\". Sadler's TV guest appearances include \"In the Heat of the Night\", \"Roseanne\", \"Tru Calling\", \"Tour of Duty\", \"\", \"Numb3rs\", and \"\". He", "title": "William Sadler (actor)" }, { "id": "15175292", "text": "of the Circle K. Solomon confirmed that they have Steven Soderbergh aboard for production of the film, along with Scott Kroopf, who produced the original films. They also have planned for William Sadler to return as the Grim Reaper. Pre-production of \"Face the Music\" was started in May 2018, with both Reeves and Winter confirmed to return to reprise their roles. The United States distribution will be handled by MGM under their Orion Pictures label. The international distribution rights are expected to be determined during the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, with Bloom Media negotiating these rights. The first season was", "title": "Bill & Ted" }, { "id": "10905650", "text": "featuring Steve Vai's intro have been made by fans. \"Dream of a New Day\" was previously released on Richie Kotzen's 1990 album \"Fever Dream\". \"Tommy the Cat\" was previously released on Primus' album \"Sailing the Seas of Cheese\". In this version, the title character Tommy was voiced by singer songwriter Tom Waits. Notably, the track \"The Reaper Rap\", a reprise of Steve Vai's \"The Reaper\", features not only sound bytes of dialog heard in the film, but also dialog from the film's deleted scenes now believed to be lost. Portions of \"The Reaper Rap\" are absent in the film during", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture" }, { "id": "1875176", "text": "Maltin also gave \"Bogus Journey\" 2½ stars, a half-star more than he gave to \"Excellent Adventure.\" \"Variety\" wrote that the film has \"a few triumphant moments, but not enough to sustain pic's running time.\" To coincide with the release of the movie, Marvel Comics released a one-shot comic book adaptation of the movie, hiring Evan Dorkin to adapt the screenplay and pencil the art. Like Archie Goodwin's adaptation of the first \"Star Wars\" film, Dorkin worked from the original script, which included many of the deleted scenes, and portrayed Death as the archetypal skeletal figure. Due to the popularity of", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "13634136", "text": "indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film, confirming in April 2011 that a draft was complete. Winter said in March 2012 that he and Reeves both liked the finished script, which revisits the two characters after the changes of the past twenty years. The current script does not feature the return of the Grim Reaper from \"Bogus Journey\", but since actor William Sadler has expressed interest, the writers are considering ways to include the character. In August 2012, Dean Parisot (director of the sci-fi/comedy film \"Galaxy Quest)\" signed on to direct the film,", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "15175281", "text": "Bill & Ted Bill & Ted is an American comedy film series featuring William \"Bill\" S. Preston Esq. (Alex Winter) and Theodore \"Ted\" Logan (Keanu Reeves) as two metalhead slackers who travel through time. The first \"Bill & Ted\" film, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", was released on February 17, 1989, followed by a sequel two years later entitled \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". A third film, \"Bill & Ted Face the Music\", started pre-production in May 2018. In addition to the films, the franchise has spawned both an animated television series (with Winter and Reeves reprising their roles) and", "title": "Bill & Ted" }, { "id": "1875172", "text": "plus a two week honeymoon\" have passed for them. They begin to perform a stunning rock ballad, joined by Death, Station, and the good robots. The worldwide broadcast set by De Nomolos continues, and Wyld Stallyns' music is played across the globe, creating harmony. Over the credits, it's shown through newspaper articles that the band, along with Death, go through many perks of fame before eventually taking their act to Mars. Progressive Rock/Metal band Primus appear as themselves during Battle of the Bands, performing Tommy the Cat As was particularly common at the time, the soundtrack album focuses on the", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "15175286", "text": "a pre-San Diego Comic-Con International interview, Alex Winter stated the storyline may also involve time travel to the prehistoric era, and the film would likely see a cameo by Eddie Van Halen as well as the return of Socrates and Billy the Kid, who appeared in the first movie. The current script does not feature William Sadler reprising his role as the Grim Reaper, but the screenwriters are looking for a way to include him, and Sadler has expressed interest in returning to the role. In August 2012, director Dean Parisot of \"Galaxy Quest\" and \"Red 2\" was attached to", "title": "Bill & Ted" }, { "id": "1875179", "text": "write the song it’s not just the world, it’s the universe. So they have to save the universe because time is breaking apart.” On May 8, 2018, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that a third film, \"Bill & Ted: Face the Music\", was officially in pre-production with Dean Parisot directing. No release date has been announced yet. Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey is a 1991 American science fiction comedy film, and the directing debut of Pete Hewitt. It is the second film in the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise, and a sequel to \"Bill & Ted's Excellent", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "4406929", "text": "Club. After completing NYU film school, he and Tom Stern moved out to Hollywood, where the two wrote and directed a number of short films and music videos. Winter continued to find work as an actor, landing notable roles in such big productions as \"The Lost Boys\" and \"Rosalie Goes Shopping\". In 1989, Winter found international success when he co-starred with Keanu Reeves as Bill S. Preston in the smash-hit comedy \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" and its 1991 sequel, \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". Following the success of \"Bill & Ted\", Winter and creative collaborators Tom Stern and Tim", "title": "Alex Winter" }, { "id": "1875174", "text": "of 48 surveyed critics gave \"Bogus Journey\" a positive review; the average rating was 6/10. The film's consensus states: \"\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" has the same stars – and cheerfully wacky sense of humor – as its predecessor, but they prove a far less effective combination the second time around.\" Desson Howe of \"The Washington Post\" called it \"an entertaining, surreal journey\" that is \"funnier and livelier than the original.\" Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" called it \"amusing but sloppy and overcomplicated\". Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of a possible 4 stars, writing, \"It's the", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "10905647", "text": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture is the licensed soundtrack to the 1991 Orion Pictures film \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". It was released by Interscope Records on July 9, 1991 on CD and cassette formats. In Japan it was released on August 25, 1991. Unlike the soundtrack to the film's predecessor, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", this soundtrack features music from artists well-known at the time of the film's release. Many of these songs, such as Faith No More's \"The Perfect Crime\" and Megadeth's \"Go", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture" }, { "id": "1875177", "text": "the comic, Marvel commissioned a spin-off series, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book\", which kept the talents of Dorkin, DeStefano and Severin. The series ran for 12 issues, featuring original stories. The first arc features negative results from Death's decision to take a vacation. In 2010, Reeves indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film, confirming in April 2011 that a draft was complete. Winter said in March 2012 that he and Reeves both like the finished script, which revisits the two characters after the changes of the past twenty years. Despite the script", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "15175297", "text": "following allegations by Jamie Lee Curtis Taete from \"Vice\" of homophobia and racism in that year's show. The show continued at Universal Studios Florida, until 2017. Bill & Ted Bill & Ted is an American comedy film series featuring William \"Bill\" S. Preston Esq. (Alex Winter) and Theodore \"Ted\" Logan (Keanu Reeves) as two metalhead slackers who travel through time. The first \"Bill & Ted\" film, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", was released on February 17, 1989, followed by a sequel two years later entitled \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". A third film, \"Bill & Ted Face the Music\", started", "title": "Bill & Ted" }, { "id": "4406926", "text": "Alex Winter Alexander Ross Winter (born July 17, 1965) is a British-American actor, film director and screenwriter, best known for his role as Bill S. Preston, Esq. in the 1989 film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" and its 1991 sequel \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". He is also well known for his role as Marko in the 1987 vampire film \"The Lost Boys\", and for co-writing, co-directing and starring in the 1993 film \"Freaked\". Winter was born in London, England, to mother Gregg Mayer, a New York-born American who was a former Martha Graham dancer who founded a modern-dance company", "title": "Alex Winter" }, { "id": "1875169", "text": "gives them the option of what game to play. Bill and Ted, to Death's dismay, select modern games like Battleship, Clue and Twister. They easily beat Death. Death admits defeat and unwillingly becomes their servant. Bill and Ted recognize they need to locate the smartest person in the universe to help build robots to counter De Nomolos' evil robots. Death escorts the two to Heaven, and with God's help, are directed to an alien named Station who readily offers to help Bill and Ted. Death brings them back to the mortal world, where it is the night of the Battle", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "1875166", "text": "gained a cult following thanks in large part to its spoof of Ingmar Bergman's 1950s classic film \"The Seventh Seal\". The music of Bill and Ted's band, Wyld Stallyns, has created a utopian future society. Chuck De Nomolos, who detests this society, steals one of the time-traveling phone booths and sends two robots modeled after Bill and Ted back to the late 20th century to prevent Bill and Ted from winning the San Dimas Battle of the Bands. Rufus attempts to stop De Nomolos but seemingly becomes lost in the circuits of time. In the present, two years after Bill", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "10905651", "text": "its play and feature sounds that not included in the version that appear with this release. Janiss Garza of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the music a B+, citing that the music comes pretty close to being totally excellent. Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture is the licensed soundtrack to the 1991 Orion Pictures film \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". It was released by Interscope Records on July 9, 1991 on CD and cassette formats. In Japan it was released on August 25, 1991. Unlike the soundtrack to", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture" }, { "id": "4406938", "text": "man at age 13 while he was acting on Broadway. Alex Winter Alexander Ross Winter (born July 17, 1965) is a British-American actor, film director and screenwriter, best known for his role as Bill S. Preston, Esq. in the 1989 film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" and its 1991 sequel \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". He is also well known for his role as Marko in the 1987 vampire film \"The Lost Boys\", and for co-writing, co-directing and starring in the 1993 film \"Freaked\". Winter was born in London, England, to mother Gregg Mayer, a New York-born American who was", "title": "Alex Winter" }, { "id": "1875168", "text": "of a cliff at Vasquez Rocks. The robots behave rudely to the princesses and work to ruin the duo's fame. Bill and Ted's souls are met by Death who challenges them in a game for their souls. Bill and Ted escape after giving Death a \"melvin\". They attempt to alert their families but their ethereal forms prove difficult, and are eventually cast down into Hell at a séance held by Missy. In Hell, they are tormented by Satan, made to face their own fears, and realize their only escape is to take Death's offer. Taken to Death's chambers, the spirit", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "6695267", "text": "roles are the duplicitous Dr. Edgemar in \"Total Recall\", a police sergeant possessed by Bill in \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", principal Michael Oslo in \"Picket Fences\" and jovial mortician Irv Kendall in \"Arachnophobia\". He died in 2001, aged 56, from complications of diabetes. Roy Brocksmith Roy Brocksmith (September 15, 1945 – December 16, 2001) was an American actor. Brocksmith was born in Quincy, Illinois, the son of Vera Marguerite (née Hartwig) and Otis E. Brocksmith, who was a mechanic. He graduated from Quincy University in 1970. He then moved to New York City where he began a career on", "title": "Roy Brocksmith" }, { "id": "1875175", "text": "kind of movie where you start out snickering in spite of yourself, and end up actually admiring the originality that went into creating this hallucinatory slapstick.\" (Ebert did not see or review the first film.) Dave Kehr, then of the \"Chicago Tribune\", also gave the film 3 stars. He stated that it is unusual for an Ingmar Bergman parody to show up in a teen comedy and referred to the film as a \"genuine pleasure.\" Gene Siskel, also of the Tribune, gave the film only 2½ stars, but did believe the second film to be better than the first. Leonard", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "8525864", "text": "directed by Dominic Polcino. It received mostly mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references, in addition to creating controversy, as many Hurricane Katrina evacuees complained over their city being portrayed as an \"Atlantis\" in the episode. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 8.05 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Barclay DeVeau, Roy Scheider and Wally Wingert, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. After being attacked by an octopus at the aquarium, Peter decides to become physically fit. After spending a mere fifteen minutes at", "title": "Bill & Peter's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "5773696", "text": "Chelcie Ross Chelcie Claude Ross (born June 20, 1942) is an American character actor, most known for \"Major League\", \"Basic Instinct\", \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", \"Hoosiers\" and \"The Ballad of Buster Scruggs\". He served in Vietnam as an officer in the United States Air Force where he had been awarded a Bronze Star, and earned an MFA from the Dallas Theater Center. He left the air force in 1970. His son, Ian Ross, plays bass in the band John 5 and The Creatures, the instrumental group fronted by guitarist John 5 (Marilyn Manson, Rob Zombie.) In 2007, Ross appeared,", "title": "Chelcie Ross" }, { "id": "5588538", "text": "Greg Eagles Gregory Eagles (born October 28, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, writer and producer. He is best known for voicing the Grim Reaper in \"Grim & Evil\" and its spin-off \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\". He is also known for voicing Brother 6 and Rokutaro in \"Afro Samurai\" and Aku Aku in the \"Crash Bandicoot\" video game franchise. Eagles was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Eagles is especially known as the voice of The Grim Reaper in \"Grim & Evil\" and \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\" from Cartoon Network. In some of his appearances,", "title": "Greg Eagles" }, { "id": "1875171", "text": "aided by Death and Station; though De Nomolos is apparently able to do the same, Bill and Ted gain the upper hand with the explanation that it is only the winners who get to go back, and De Nomolos is arrested by Ted's father. Ms. Wardroe reveals herself to be a disguised Rufus, having assured Bill and Ted's spot in the concert, and urges them to play. As Bill and Ted reunite with their fiancées, they realize they are still terrible musicians, and the four use the time booth; though they return immediately, \"an intense 16 months of guitar training", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "15175284", "text": "time and meet historical figures and learn about key historical events. If Bill and Ted fail to pass, their teacher will have to flunk them and Ted's father will transfer him to an Alaskan military academy, which will lead to Wyld Stallyns never forming, in turn destroying the future. \"Bogus Journey\" sees Bill and Ted being killed by robot doubles who capture their fiancées, and their attempts to get back from the afterlife by challenging the Grim Reaper to a series of games. Bill and Ted (along with the Grim Reaper) eventually return to present-day Earth just prior to the", "title": "Bill & Ted" }, { "id": "8163957", "text": "a big hit for the band in many parts of the world, including making the Top Ten in the United Kingdom and Germany. It reached number 21 on \"Billboard'\"s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US, as well as its video receiving heavy rotation on music television channels. The version released as a single and on the soundtrack to \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" differs slightly from that played in the film. In the film, a 40-second guitar solo is played by Steve Vai. It was later included on Steve Vai's album \"The Elusive Light and Sound, Vol. 1\"", "title": "God Gave Rock and Roll to You" }, { "id": "10905649", "text": "Again\" was used for a television promo for the film. Both songs were released one month prior on Neverland's self-titled debut album. The version of \"God Gave Rock 'n Roll to You II\" is not that which plays at the film's end as it lacks the intro by Steve Vai and the sound of girls chanting the chorus as the song fades to end. The intro solo was released by Steve Vai in his compilation album \"The Elusive Light and Sound, Vol. 1\", along with all of the other small pieces performed by him during the movie. Pieced together versions", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture" }, { "id": "8525872", "text": "final scene of the episode showing Mayor West delighted that he has grown sausages (although it is really Brian's waste) was one of several possible ending scenes for the episode; alternatives included Brian leaving his waste at Cleveland Brown and Mort Goldman's house, but in the end, the production crew decided to go with Mayor West. In addition to the regular cast, actor Roy Scheider played himself on the toilet training video, and voice actors Barclay DeVeau and Wally Wingert guest starred as various characters in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors and writers Danny Smith, Alec Sulkin, and John", "title": "Bill & Peter's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "1875173", "text": "rock music heard throughout the film. An album of the by David Newman would not become available until 2007. The song Bill and Ted play for the battle of the bands is \"Final Guitar Solo\" by Steve Vai, which he wrote to help blend into \"God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II\" by Kiss, although they appear similar in appearance to Dusty Hill and Billy Gibbons from ZZ Top. There's also a reference to the lyrics from \"Every Rose Has Its Thorn\" by Poison. Critical reception to the movie was mixed. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 54%", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "4985863", "text": "Zeppelin. Primus released \"Tommy the Cat\" following their first major label single, \"Jerry Was a Race Car Driver\". In concert, Claypool started introducing all of their other songs by saying \"This next song is \"not\" Tommy the Cat\", apparently due to the popularity the song had gained after a video was released and played on MTV. The song was briefly featured in the 1991 film \"Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey\" during the 'Battle of the Bands' portion of the movie, where Primus was shown performing it. The song was also used in the teaser trailers for \"\". Tommy the Cat", "title": "Tommy the Cat" }, { "id": "13634135", "text": "Than One\", \"The Boys and Girls Are Doing It\", \"Play with Me\", \"Walk Away\", \"Not So Far Away\" and \"Two Heads\" (reprised over the credits). The following songs appeared in the film but were not included in the soundtrack: A theatrical sequel, \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", was released in 1991. A third theatrical film in the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise was planned, and a screenplay was written, though it never got past the pre-production phase. Although rumors claimed that the script was adapted into the 1996 film \"Bio-Dome\", Alex Winter has said that it was not. In 2010, Reeves", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "17362435", "text": "Matheson and the brother of Ali Marie Matheson. He is a graduate of University of California, Los Angeles. Chris Matheson (screenwriter) Chris Matheson is an American film director and screenwriter. Matheson is best known for his collaborations with fellow screenwriter Ed Solomon, together creating the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise, writing the two films \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" and \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". Together they also wrote the films \"Mom and Dad Save the World\" and \"Imagine That\". His 2015 book \"\" is an alternative interpretation of the Christian Bible as seen through the eyes of an atheist. He", "title": "Chris Matheson (screenwriter)" }, { "id": "1387404", "text": "gained popularity with a new generation of teens when he was cast as Rufus, the time-traveling mentor of the title characters in \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", and reprised his role in the film sequel \"Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey\" as well as the first season of the cartoon series. He also played the role of \"Mr Conductor\" on the PBS show \"Shining Time Station\" and narrated the show's sequences of the American version of \"Thomas & Friends\" from 1991 to 1995, replacing Ringo Starr. On the first day of the assignment, Carlin was cross about recording his narration without", "title": "George Carlin" }, { "id": "10905648", "text": "To Hell\", help paint the darker tone of the film. Many of the contributing artists have a cameo of some form in the film. \"Shout it Out\" was recorded while Slaughter was on the road during their \"Stick It Live\" tour. The Winger track \"Battle Stations\" was written by front man Kip Winger after reading the script for the film and recorded shortly after the band returned from their first European tour. Neverland's song \"Drinking Again\" was not used in the film, but was a substitute for another Neverland song \"For the Love (of Music)\". However the intro from \"Drinking", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture" }, { "id": "13634131", "text": "two years to make. Filming took place from February to May 1987 and it was planned to be released in 1988. However, the film's original distributor, De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, went bankrupt. Orion Pictures and Nelson Entertainment bought the rights to the movie in 1988, and it was released theatrically on February 17, 1989. It was followed in 1991 by a sequel, \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". A longstanding urban legend has it that Reeves auditioned for Bill and Winter for Ted. According to Winter, the story emerged because the characters are so similar, and even he and Reeves sometimes", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "1875170", "text": "of the Bands. Bill and Ted take Station to a hardware store, and then race in their van back to the concert while Station constructs good robots. Just as the evil robots take the stage, Bill and Ted arrive, and Station's robots easily defeat the evil ones. De Nomolos appears in the time booth, ready to defeat Bill and Ted himself, and overrides the broadcasting equipment to send the video footage of this to everyone on the planet. The two recognize they can later go back in time to arrange events for De Nomolos to be trapped in the present,", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "17362434", "text": "Chris Matheson (screenwriter) Chris Matheson is an American film director and screenwriter. Matheson is best known for his collaborations with fellow screenwriter Ed Solomon, together creating the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise, writing the two films \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" and \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". Together they also wrote the films \"Mom and Dad Save the World\" and \"Imagine That\". His 2015 book \"\" is an alternative interpretation of the Christian Bible as seen through the eyes of an atheist. He is the son of author Richard Matheson, as well as the younger brother of fellow screenwriter Richard Christian", "title": "Chris Matheson (screenwriter)" }, { "id": "5588540", "text": "Robert Alvarez. He is planning to turn the pilot into a full TV-series when it gets picked up, even making an online opening sequence and full theme song. The cartoon short also had a Kickstarter and a now-lost Indiegogo campaign for a video game adaption, \"Teapot Rap it Up!\" but the project failed to reach its $2,500 goal. – Blanco Greg Eagles Gregory Eagles (born October 28, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, writer and producer. He is best known for voicing the Grim Reaper in \"Grim & Evil\" and its spin-off \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\".", "title": "Greg Eagles" }, { "id": "8525873", "text": "Viener made minor appearances. Recurring guest cast members Adam West and Patrick Warburton made appearances as well. The title of this episode is a reference to 1991 film \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". While Peter and Bill are hanging out at Chuck E. Cheese's, they play \"Dance Dance Revolution\". We see a toilet-training instructional video narrated by comedian and actor Roy Scheider. Former President of the United States Bill Clinton was parodied in this episode. His request for a cigar after sleeping with Lois references his affair with Monica Lewinsky. We see amateur writers working at a Starbucks. In a", "title": "Bill & Peter's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "4054288", "text": "fax on November 30, 1993, after the band had not progressed as they would have liked in rehearsals and songwriting. As an indication of the gulf that had formed between Martin and the rest of the band, they had recorded and released \"Another Body Murdered\" (with Boo-Yaa T.R.I.B.E. for the \"Judgment Night\" soundtrack) without his participation. Similarly, Martin produced and recorded material for the film \"Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey\" movie without the participation of other members of the band. Producer Matt Wallace later mentioned in \"The Real Story\" (a biographical book about Faith No More) that the death of", "title": "Jim Martin (musician)" }, { "id": "10365411", "text": "Peter Hewitt (director) Peter Hewitt (born 9 October 1962, Brighton, England) is an English film director. Upon graduating from England's National Film and Television School in 1990, Hewitt flew to Hollywood with his BAFTA award-winning short film, \"The Candy Show\", in hand. Once there, he called executives from major U.S. studios and asked if he could show them his film. Soon after, he landed an agent and made his feature film directorial debut with \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". Although not as big a success as the original, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", the movie made a profit. He turned", "title": "Peter Hewitt (director)" }, { "id": "1875178", "text": "being finished and satisfied by both parties, no specific filming dates have been named. In April 2016, Winter said that he hoped the film would begin production in 2017. Reeves gave an update on the film in February 2017 and said a story has been written for the third film. “Basically, they’re supposed to write a song to save the world and they haven’t done that. The pressure of having to save the world, their marriages are falling apart, their kids are kind of mad at them, and then someone comes from the future and tells them if they don’t", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "1875167", "text": "and Ted first traveled through time, Wyld Stallyns is preparing for the contest. Though Bill and Ted's current fiancées and former 15th-century princesses Elizabeth and Joanna have become skilled musicians, Bill and Ted are still inept. Despite this, the organizer Ms. Wardroe assures them a slot in the contest as the final act. Bill's stepmother Missy divorces his father in favor of Ted's, who threatens Ted with military school should they fail the Battle of the Bands. Evil Bill and Evil Ted arrive and the robots eventually replace Bill and Ted, killing them by throwing the two over the side", "title": "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "18741460", "text": "John Karlsen John Karlsen, sometimes credited as Charles John Karlsen or John Karlson (20 October 1919 – 5 July 2017), was an actor from New Zealand who was active in cinema between 1958 and 2003. He is best known for \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989), \"The Black Stallion\" (1979) and \"The Sin Eater\" (2003). In Europe he appeared in mostly Italian films. Karlsen was born in Wellington, New Zealand, and launched his career in Europe in the late 1950s. His filmography includes 80 titles, including several works for television. Karlsen died on 5 July 2017 in Auckland, New Zealand,", "title": "John Karlsen" }, { "id": "8283090", "text": "Robert V. Barron Robert V. Barron (born Robert V. Nemiroff; December 26, 1932 – December 1, 2000) was an American TV and film director, producer, screenwriter and actor best known for his role as the voice of Admiral Donald Hayes in the 1980s animated TV series \"Robotech\", of which he also served as the supervising producer. He is also well known for playing the role of Abraham Lincoln in \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" in 1989. Tall, gaunt, rawboned character actor with deep voice, reminiscent of John Carradine. Barron's attended Morris Harvey College in Charleston, West Virginia, and later UCLA.", "title": "Robert V. Barron" }, { "id": "13634130", "text": "Southern and Hardy in Tempe. The film also employs computer-generated imagery for the scenes where Bill & Ted are travelling through the 'Circuits of Time', created by the VFX house Perpetual Motion Pictures. The film's writers, Ed Solomon and Chris Matheson, appear in the film's ice cream scene. Solomon is credited as the \"stupid\" waiter, and Matheson is credited as the \"ugly\" waiter. They are given similar credits in \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". When Rufus plays his guitar solo, the hands in the close-up are those of Stevie Salas, who composed the film's guitar music. The film took nearly", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "714498", "text": "the same month the \"Rusted Pieces\" home video was released. That summer, the Clash of the Titans tour hit the U.S., featuring Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, with Alice in Chains taking the opening slot. Later that year, the Megadeth song \"Go to Hell\" was featured on the soundtrack to \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey.\" Also in 1991, Mustaine collaborated with Sean Harris from Diamond Head on the track \"Crown of Worms\". Mustaine would later appear on Diamond Head's reformation album \"Death and Progress.\" Mustaine's wife, Pamela, gave birth to their son Justis on February 11, 1992. The band was featured", "title": "Dave Mustaine" }, { "id": "219688", "text": "Keanu Reeves Keanu Charles Reeves ( ; born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor, director, producer, and musician. He gained fame for his starring role performances in several blockbuster films, including comedies from the \"Bill and Ted\" franchise (1989–1991); action thrillers \"Point Break\" (1991), \"Speed\" (1994), and the \"John Wick\" franchise; psychological thriller \"The Devil's Advocate\" (1997); supernatural thriller \"Constantine\" (2005); and science fiction/action series \"The Matrix\" (1999–2003). He has also appeared in dramatic films such as \"Dangerous Liaisons\" (1988), \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991), and \"Little Buddha\" (1993), as well as the romantic horror \"Bram Stoker's Dracula\" (1992).", "title": "Keanu Reeves" }, { "id": "2832743", "text": "Stellan Skarsgård Stellan John Skarsgård (; born 13 June 1951) is a Swedish actor. He is known for his roles as Jan Nyman in \"Breaking the Waves\" (1996), Captain Tupolev in \"The Hunt for Red October\" (1990), Prof. Gerald Lambeau in \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997), Bootstrap Bill Turner in \"\" (2006) and \"\" (2007), Bill Anderson in \"Mamma Mia!\" (2008) and the sequel \"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again\" (2018), Commander Maximilian Richter in \"Angels and Demons\" (2009), Martin Vanger in \"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo\" (2011), Dr. Erik Selvig in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"Thor\" (2011), \"The", "title": "Stellan Skarsgård" }, { "id": "1905700", "text": "Sound, Vol. 1\". In 1987, Vai performed \"Amazing Grace\" in the film \"Dudes\". In 1991, Vai performed on the film \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", as well as on 1992's \"Encino Man,\" \"PCU\" (1994), and John Carpenter's \"Ghosts of Mars\" (where he played on the tracks \"Ghosts of Mars\" and \"Ghost Poppin'\"). In 2010, Vai's record label Favored Nations produced and released the award-winning original motion picture \"Crazy\". An independent film, \"Crazy\" was inspired by the life and music of the guitarist Hank Garland. At the age of thirteen, after having purchased his first guitar and begun taking his first", "title": "Steve Vai" }, { "id": "6897364", "text": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Game Boy Adventure: A Bogus Journey! Bill & Ted's Excellent Game Boy Adventure: A Bogus Journey! is an action-puzzle game based on the Bill & Ted films released by Acclaim Entertainment for the Game Boy in . DeNomolos has hatched another plan to alter history in his favor. He has stolen special orbs called Time Fragments and scattered them all across time. Now Bill and Ted must travel across time to retrieve the time fragments to prevent the future from altering. But it won't be easy for the San Dimas duo. As DeNomolos has the aid", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Game Boy Adventure: A Bogus Journey!" }, { "id": "18741461", "text": "at the age of 97. John Karlsen John Karlsen, sometimes credited as Charles John Karlsen or John Karlson (20 October 1919 – 5 July 2017), was an actor from New Zealand who was active in cinema between 1958 and 2003. He is best known for \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989), \"The Black Stallion\" (1979) and \"The Sin Eater\" (2003). In Europe he appeared in mostly Italian films. Karlsen was born in Wellington, New Zealand, and launched his career in Europe in the late 1950s. His filmography includes 80 titles, including several works for television. Karlsen died on 5 July", "title": "John Karlsen" }, { "id": "13634133", "text": "because \"...once you cast Alex and Keanu, who look like pretty cool guys, that was hard to believe\". Originally, the time machine was to be a 1969 Chevrolet van, but the idea was abandoned as being too close in concept to the DeLorean used in the \"Back to the Future\" trilogy. Instead, despite the similarities to \"Doctor Who\"s time machine, the TARDIS, the film's time machine was styled after a 1960s American telephone booth, though a newer model Ford van would be used as the rock concert \"band wagon\" for the sequel. In April 2013, Winter commented on Carlin's casting:", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "4054292", "text": "celebrate the 50 year anniversary of the Whisky a Go Go. In 1991 he appeared in \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" as \"Sir James Martin, head of the Faith No More Spiritual and Theological Center\" in the future. Martin's only lines in the film were \"Station!\" and \"What a shithead.\" Jim Martin (musician) James Blanco Martin (born July 21, 1961, in Hayward, California, a suburb of Oakland), known professionally as Big Jim Martin, is an American guitarist best known for his membership in the rock band Faith No More from 1983 to late 1993. Martin also played guitar with the", "title": "Jim Martin (musician)" }, { "id": "5023171", "text": "\"The Elder\"\". Gene Simmons was not sure it was the right move, \"especially after the bad experience of \"The Elder\"\". Simmons, Ezrin and Paul Stanley rewrote the song, which they recorded with both Eric Carr and Eric Singer, with Singer playing the drums while Carr (who was not able to play the drums due to health problems) sang the a cappella line \"...to everyone, he gave his song to be sung.\" The song was featured in the sequel \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" with a 40-second-long Steve Vai solo instead of the Kiss intro found on the album. It was", "title": "Revenge (Kiss album)" }, { "id": "8525869", "text": "had suffered a lot of trouble to come up with a funny scene set in an aquarium; in total, five or six scenes had been made, but all were never broadcast because they were deemed not entertaining enough by the producers. Bill Clinton was asked to perform the voice of himself, but declined, so MacFarlane performed it. Animations of Clinton in the episode were originally intended to be a lot fatter, but were reduced down \"because he's lost a lot of weight.\" Conway Twitty performed two songs in the episode; MacFarlane comments that he loves these scenes. The scene of", "title": "Bill & Peter's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "13634143", "text": "concluding: \"Make no mistake, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" […] is not a satire of mindlessness; it's unabashed glorification of dumbness for dumbness' sake. Bill and Ted are heroic in their ability to reduce some of history's great minds to their level. However, writing for \"Radio Times\", Alan Jones decided: \"A nonstop giggle from start to finish, this beguiling grab-bag of time-travel clichés, hard-rock music and Valley-speaking cool dudes is a flawless, purpose-built junk movie\". The film has a 78% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 46 reviews with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads:", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "5511494", "text": "Dan Shor Daniel Shor (born November 16, 1956) is an American actor, director, writer, and teacher with a career spanning over 30 years. His most recognized roles include Enoch Emery in John Huston's \"Wise Blood\", Ram in \"Tron\" (1982) and Billy the Kid in \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989). Shor was born and raised in New York City. He attended McBurney School from the 6th through the 8th grade. His mother, who was an actress, died when he was 14. He graduated from Elisabeth Irwin High School (June 1974) and began at Northwestern University that fall. He studied at", "title": "Dan Shor" }, { "id": "6753559", "text": "directing them to a prototype for the phone booth/time machine. Bill and Ted must take the device and find Death before he causes too much damage to the time stream. The two also must deal with jealous rivals, who do not accept that Bill and Ted's wives had freely chosen to marry. It was written and illustrated by Evan Dorkin. The story continued from the end of the second film, \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", which Dorkin had also adapted for Marvel Comics. In 2005, Slave Labor Graphics reprinted the series in two trade paperbacks. While the reprints did include", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book" }, { "id": "2056490", "text": "Bill Paxton William Paxton (May 17, 1955 – February 25, 2017) was an American actor and director. He appeared in films such as \"The Terminator\" (1984), \"Weird Science\" (1985), \"Aliens\" (1986), \"Predator 2\" (1990), \"Tombstone\" (1993), \"True Lies\" (1994), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Twister\" (1996), \"Titanic\" (1997), \"Mighty Joe Young\" (1998), \"U-571\" (2000), \"Vertical Limit\" (2000), \"Edge of Tomorrow\" (2014), and \"Nightcrawler\" (2014). He also starred in the HBO drama series \"Big Love\" (2006–2011), earning three Golden Globe Award nominations during the show's run. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for portraying Randall", "title": "Bill Paxton" }, { "id": "219697", "text": "his films. After a few minor roles, Reeves received a sizeable role in the 1986 drama film \"River's Edge\", which depicted how a murder affected a group of teens. Following this film's critical success, he spent the late 1980s appearing in a number of movies aimed at teenage audiences, including the lead roles in \"Permanent Record\" and the unexpectedly successful 1989 comedy, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", along with its 1991 sequel, \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". The same year he had a breakout role in the movie \"Parenthood\". From 1991, Reeves played bass guitar in the grunge band Dogstar.", "title": "Keanu Reeves" }, { "id": "2056501", "text": "and Ginnifer Goodwin. Sevigny remembered Paxton as: Bill Paxton William Paxton (May 17, 1955 – February 25, 2017) was an American actor and director. He appeared in films such as \"The Terminator\" (1984), \"Weird Science\" (1985), \"Aliens\" (1986), \"Predator 2\" (1990), \"Tombstone\" (1993), \"True Lies\" (1994), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Twister\" (1996), \"Titanic\" (1997), \"Mighty Joe Young\" (1998), \"U-571\" (2000), \"Vertical Limit\" (2000), \"Edge of Tomorrow\" (2014), and \"Nightcrawler\" (2014). He also starred in the HBO drama series \"Big Love\" (2006–2011), earning three Golden Globe Award nominations during the show's run. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a", "title": "Bill Paxton" }, { "id": "11638402", "text": "David Snyder David L. Snyder (born September 22, 1944) is a film and television production designer. He has worked as an art director, producer, and assistant director on films including \"Blade Runner\", \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", \"The Whole Nine Yards\", and the television programs \"Buck Rogers in the 25th Century\" and \"Battlestar Galactica\". He was nominated for Academy Award for Best Art Direction for his work on \"Blade Runner\" at the 55th Academy Awards. The film won the BAFTA for Production Design in 1983. Snyder was born in Buffalo, New York and attended the Technical High School there where", "title": "David Snyder" }, { "id": "3770252", "text": "on My Mind\", which was taken from the film. Several years later, he said in an interview with the \"Radio Times\" that he appeared with the band purely because his grandchildren liked their music. In a 2001 interview with the BBC, Ackland said that he appeared in some \"awful films\" due to being a workaholic. He said that he \"regretted\" appearing in \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" and the Pet Shop Boys music video, while lambasting former co-star Demi Moore as \"not very bright or talented\". In 2007 Ackland narrated and provided the voice for the Robert Garofalo biography film/documentary", "title": "Joss Ackland" }, { "id": "15212077", "text": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990 TV series) Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures is a 1990 animated television series spinoff from the 1989 film of the same title, following the misadventures of two time-travelling slackers as they travel into the distant past and future. It is part of the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise. The first season of the animated series was produced by Hanna-Barbera and aired on CBS in 1990, with Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter, George Carlin, and Bernie Casey reprising their film roles. For the second season in 1991, the animated series switched production companies and networks, now airing", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990 TV series)" }, { "id": "8525868", "text": "to prevent him from defecating in the garden; after that, she deals with Peter for the duration of the story. During the end credits, Brian pretends to be using the toilet as not to be told off by Lois, and begins to leave his feces at Mayor Adam West's house, which he believes is sausage that he planted in the ground. \"Bill & Peter's Bogus Journey\" was written by Steve Callaghan. It was directed by Dominic Polcino. Series regulars Peter Shin and James Purdum acted as the supervising directos of the episode. Show creator Seth MacFarlane and other show producers", "title": "Bill & Peter's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "6897365", "text": "of the evil robot Bill and Ted, plus he has brainwashed Death and some historical figures to stop them along the way. Each level takes place on a single screen. Players must collect scattered time fragments while jumping platforms, climbing ladders or ropes, and avoiding enemies. Because this is a Game Boy game, all sprites are very simplistic as both Bill and Ted have almost identical game sprites. In addition, enemies are only differentiated by their actions. Bill & Ted's Excellent Game Boy Adventure: A Bogus Journey! Bill & Ted's Excellent Game Boy Adventure: A Bogus Journey! is an action-puzzle", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Game Boy Adventure: A Bogus Journey!" }, { "id": "7723956", "text": "went on to get a law degree in California. worked as asst. D.A. in San Francisco before moving to Los Angeles. Connie Tavel Connie Tavel is an American television and film executive producer and talent manager. She is partners with Helen Hunt in Hunt/Tavel Productions, and with Tim Johnson in Tavel/Johnson Television. She has served as executive producer on films such as \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", \"Fever\", and \"The Wishing Tree\", as well as television movies such as \"Ride with the Wind\" and \"Summer's End\". She also produced an episode of the television series \"Judging Amy\", which she is", "title": "Connie Tavel" }, { "id": "13634150", "text": "1980s California, can only communicate with his abductors by gesturing and gurning – since Bill and Ted, it goes without saying, speak not a word of ancient Greek. Even the miracle of time travel, it appears, cannot serve to alter what is, for any historian, a most awkward fact: that it is impossible to be certain of what Socrates actually said. Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure is a 1989 American science fiction comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon. It stars Alex Winter, Keanu Reeves, and George Carlin.", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "6537931", "text": "Terry Camilleri Terrance Camilleri (born 1949) is a Maltese-born Australian actor who has performed actively in both the United Kingdom and United States. He is best recognized for portraying Emperor Napoleon I in the blockbuster comedy film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989). Camilleri was born in Malta, and made his feature film debut in Peter Weir's 1974 film \"The Cars That Ate Paris\". He appeared in the 1983 sequel film \"Superman III\". He also made a cameo appearance in Weir's \"The Truman Show\". Other appearances include as Special Branch police officer Hemmings in the science fiction film \"Incident at", "title": "Terry Camilleri" }, { "id": "5645674", "text": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure is an action-adventure video game that is part of the Bill & Ted franchise and is based on the film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" which was released in North America by Acclaim Entertainment under their LJN label for the Nintendo Entertainment System in . The game's plot is not an adaptation of the movie, but rather serves as an original continuation to the film's events. The story begins when Rufus summons Bill S. Preston Esq. and \"Ted\" Theodore Logan for a mission. The boys arrive", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure" }, { "id": "2056495", "text": "Award for Best Supporting Actor. He and Cameron collaborated again on \"True Lies\" (1994) and \"Titanic\" (1997), the latter of which was the highest-grossing film of all time at its release. In his other roles, Paxton played Morgan Earp in \"Tombstone\" (1993), Fred Haise in \"Apollo 13\" (1995), the male lead in \"Twister\" (1996), and lead roles in dark dramas such as \"One False Move\" (1992) and \"A Simple Plan\" (1998). In 1990, he co-starred with Charlie Sheen and Michael Biehn in \"Navy Seals\". Paxton directed the feature films \"Frailty\" (2001), in which he also starred, and \"The Greatest Game", "title": "Bill Paxton" }, { "id": "13634121", "text": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure is a 1989 American science fiction comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon. It stars Alex Winter, Keanu Reeves, and George Carlin. The plot follows slackers Bill (Winter) and Ted (Reeves), who travel through time to assemble historical figures for their high school history presentation. \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" received generally positive reviews. In 1988 San Dimas, California, slackers Bill (Winter) and Ted (Reeves) would rather pursue their band the Wyld Stallyns than schoolwork. Ted's father, the local police chief, threatens to", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "632381", "text": "I guess people just have to categorize you.\" From 1989 to 2000, Primus was one of the most unusual bands to gain significant mainstream airplay, headlining Lollapalooza in 1993, appearing on \"Late Show with David Letterman\" and \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" in 1995, and even appearing at Woodstock '94, where they performed their \"Pork Soda\" hit \"My Name Is Mud\" and were consequently pelted with mud by the audience, much to the band's displeasure. In 1991, the band was featured in the movie \"Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey\", performing \"Tommy the Cat\" live. Claypool and Tom Waits first recorded", "title": "Les Claypool" }, { "id": "10365413", "text": "the script for his next film, \"Thunderpants\". It was filmed in the U.K. Peter Hewitt (director) Peter Hewitt (born 9 October 1962, Brighton, England) is an English film director. Upon graduating from England's National Film and Television School in 1990, Hewitt flew to Hollywood with his BAFTA award-winning short film, \"The Candy Show\", in hand. Once there, he called executives from major U.S. studios and asked if he could show them his film. Soon after, he landed an agent and made his feature film directorial debut with \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". Although not as big a success as the", "title": "Peter Hewitt (director)" }, { "id": "8525874", "text": "slight decrease from the previous week, the episode was viewed in 8.05 million homes in its original airing, according to Nielsen ratings. The episode also acquired a 2.8 rating in the 18-49 demographic, being slightly edged out by \"The Simpsons\". This episode received yet more negative reception from the frequent critic Parents Television Council (PTC), calling it the \"worst TV show of the week\" for August 10, 2007. PTC said that the episode \"treated audiences to another half-hour of the most depraved and disrespectful programming imaginable.\" IGN's Ahsan Haque wrote, \"Bill and Peter's Bogus Journey' has a few truly hilarious", "title": "Bill & Peter's Bogus Journey" }, { "id": "15175293", "text": "produced by Hanna-Barbera and ran for 13 episodes on CBS in 1990, featured the voices of Carlin, Winter, and Reeves returning to their roles in the film. A second season of eight episodes ran on Fox Kids and was produced by DIC Entertainment, with none of the original cast. A later live-action series, featuring none of the cast from the film, included Christopher Kennedy as Bill and Evan Richards as Ted (who also voiced the same roles in the animated season produced by Dic). This version aired seven episodes in 1992 on Fox. A one-shot comic book adaptation of the", "title": "Bill & Ted" }, { "id": "3231095", "text": "execution order was given at 6:07 a.m. PDT, and Harris died at 6:21 a.m. PDT. His body was removed from the chamber at 7:00 a.m. and was taken to a funeral home at 8:15 a.m. Harris' execution is specifically remembered for his choice of final words (recorded by Warden Daniel Vasquez): \"You can be a king or a street sweeper, but everybody dances with the grim reaper.\" It was the subject of a 1995 Dutch documentary film, \"Procedure 769, witness to an execution\". This line was also used in the 1991 film 'Bill and Teds Bogus Journey' before being said", "title": "Robert Alton Harris" }, { "id": "5483539", "text": "their own individual foundations . Both would later be featured in videos and movies, including \"Breakin<nowiki>'</nowiki>\". Chambers got an early entrée into professional dancing through television commercials, followed by an appearance in the video for Lionel Richie's \"All Night Long\". In 1985, he co-starred in \"Stop the Madness\", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration, featuring several famous musicians, actors and athletes. He also appeared in such films as \"\", \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" as a dancing robot and in the 1999 film \"Dudley Do-Right\". He also appeared as Urkel-Bot in two episodes, \"Robo-Nerd\" and Robo-Nerd II\",", "title": "Michael Chambers" }, { "id": "13634140", "text": "from a popular film of that year, with appearances by a host of villains, heroes, and celebrities. The show usually includes elaborate dance numbers, stunts, and multiple double-entendres for the late night event crowd. In 2013, the Hollywood version of the show was cancelled in the middle of its run following complaints of homophobic humor. On August 15, 2017, Universal announced that 2017 will be the final year of Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure in Orlando. And on November 4, 2017, Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure came to a final close, but not before a surprise appearance of", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "13634122", "text": "send Ted to military school if they should flunk their history class, ruining their dreams of success. The two struggle to assemble a final report for the class, which is to describe how historical figures would see modern-day San Dimas. In 2688, humanity has built a utopia thanks to the music of Wyld Stallyns. The supreme beings of this world instruct Rufus (Carlin) to travel back in time by a time machine disguised as a phone booth to give aid to Bill and Ted to ensure they pass their class. Rufus lands by the two as they work on their", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "8856756", "text": "TV Specials. Stephen Herek Stephen Robert Herek (born November 10, 1958) is an American film director. Herek was born in San Antonio, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin. His career as a film director took off in 1986 with the cult horror classic \"Critters\" followed by the hit comedy \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\" in 1989. He then directed \"Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead\" in 1991 and became a regular director for The Walt Disney Company throughout the decade, helming \"The Mighty Ducks\" in 1992, \"The Three Musketeers\" in 1993, the highly successful live-action 1996 remake", "title": "Stephen Herek" }, { "id": "2718666", "text": "School of the Arts. He took part in the Sundance Institute's June Lab. , he was scheduled to direct the third installment of the Bill and Ted franchise. It was confirmed in May 2018 that \"Bill & Ted Face the Music\" was currently in pre-production. Dean Parisot was married to film editor Sally Menke until her death in 2010; the couple had two children. Dean Parisot Aldo L. \"Dean\" Parisot is an American film and television director. He won the 1988 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for \"The Appointments of Dennis Jennings\", which was co-written and starred", "title": "Dean Parisot" }, { "id": "11651035", "text": "soap operas in New York City, Finn has appeared in television movies, starring as Margie Moran in \"Seeds of Tragedy\" for Fox Television Network,\"The Disappearance of Nora\" for CBS Television and \"Shadow of Obsession\" on NBC. In her television series debut, she guest starred as Mrs. Kitty Conley in an episode of \"Trial By Jury\" entitled 'Psychic Vision'. starring Raymond Burr. Produced by Dick Clark Productions and directed by Marty Passeta, Jr., it aired on September 15, 1989. Finn's film debut was in Orion Pictures \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" (1991), followed by the 1993 Hollywood Pictures/Nintendo film \"Super Mario", "title": "Terry Finn" }, { "id": "5511496", "text": "Lonigan\"), Shor produced (and reprised his role in) his own version of Jellicoe's play, changing the setting from London to New York. Three months later, the set from the production was used in Billy Idol's classic music video for the song \"Dancing With Myself\". Shor's acting credits include \"Air Force One\", \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\", \"Tron\", \"Red Rock West\", and John Huston's \"Wise Blood\". Television films and mini-series include \"Friendly Fire\", \"Elvis and the Colonel\" and \"The Blue and the Gray\" (for which Shor won a People's Choice Award). He was a series regular on \"Cagney and Lacey\" and", "title": "Dan Shor" }, { "id": "15175399", "text": "the 1991–92 television season, but production was delayed until \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" made a profit at the box office. The series ended up airing in the summer of 1992. An unaired pilot of the series also exists. Carole Kucharewicz of \"Variety\", although praising the special effects, criticized the acting and ultimately gave a negative review stating \"Taking two-dimensional teen time travelers and making a movie was a good idea and it made lots of money. Taking one-dimensional teen time travelers and making a weekly series is not a good idea and it's not a compelling enough reason for", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1992 TV series)" }, { "id": "14960581", "text": "interview he continued, \"Only once in my career have I had this happen before,\" referring to 1991's soundtrack for \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", to which Megadeth contributed \"Go to Hell\". \"We had written something and Interscope told me to make the lyrics even darker. Activision heard the track, and said, 'We want more solos on it.' And I said, OK, I can do that.\" Before release, for promotional purposes, Dave Mustaine had publicly played the song on \"Guitar Hero\" showcasing the high level of difficulty of the song, to a high degree of media coverage. To further promote the", "title": "Sudden Death (song)" }, { "id": "8856754", "text": "Stephen Herek Stephen Robert Herek (born November 10, 1958) is an American film director. Herek was born in San Antonio, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin. His career as a film director took off in 1986 with the cult horror classic \"Critters\" followed by the hit comedy \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\" in 1989. He then directed \"Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead\" in 1991 and became a regular director for The Walt Disney Company throughout the decade, helming \"The Mighty Ducks\" in 1992, \"The Three Musketeers\" in 1993, the highly successful live-action 1996 remake of \"101", "title": "Stephen Herek" }, { "id": "6287022", "text": "Sam Worthington Samuel Henry John Worthington (born 2 August 1976) is a English-Australian actor and writer. He portrayed Jake Sully in the 2009 film \"Avatar\", Marcus Wright in \"Terminator Salvation\", and Perseus in \"Clash of the Titans\" as well as its sequel \"Wrath of the Titans\". He then transitioned to more dramatic roles, appearing in \"Everest\" (2015), \"Hacksaw Ridge\" (2016), \"The Shack\", and \"\" (both in 2017). He also played the main protagonist, Captain Alex Mason, in \"\". In 2004, Worthington received Australia's highest film award for his lead role in \"Somersault\". Worthington was born to English parents in Godalming,", "title": "Sam Worthington" }, { "id": "13634132", "text": "became confused about who was who. In earlier drafts of the script, Rufus was 28 years old and historical figures Bill and Ted plucked from history included Charlemagne (whom they referred to as \"Charlie Mangay\"), Babe Ruth, and a non-famous medieval person called \"John the Serf\". John is listed in the credits. In a 1991 interview, co-writer Ed Solomon said the characters of Bill and Ted were originally envisaged as \"14-year-old skinny guys, with low-rider bell-bottoms and heavy metal T-shirts\" who were despised by the popular kids at school. Casting Reeves and Winter changed the filmmakers' images of the characters", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" }, { "id": "5239317", "text": "break up, TAITV has been discontinued. On October 1, 2008, the band embarked on their fall co-headlining tour with good friends We the Kings, named \"Bill & Trav's Bogus Journey Tour\". The name refers to the 1991 movie \"Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey\". Carolina Liar and fellow Decaydance band, Hey Monday also performed on the tour. On November 6, 2008 at House Of Blues in Chicago, Illinois, William Beckett debuted a new song called \"Winter Passing\" that the band had written only days before. Beckett has said the song is about winter time in the Midwest. He has since incorporated", "title": "The Academy Is..." }, { "id": "15175282", "text": "a live-action television series in 1990 and 1992 respectively, video games, and comic books. Originally produced by Orion Pictures, the franchise ownership fell to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) following the purchase of Orion in 1997. The franchise is based on the characters of William \"Bill\" S. Preston Esq. (played by Alex Winter in the films) and Theodore \"Ted\" Logan (Keanu Reeves), two teenagers (as of 1989) living in San Dimas, California. Both are aspiring musicians, wanting to bring their own band \"Wyld Stallyns\" to fame, but both are also dim-witted. Unbeknownst to them, their music becomes the focal point for enlightenment that", "title": "Bill & Ted" }, { "id": "4502682", "text": "George Eastman (actor) George Eastman (born Luigi Montefiori; August 16, 1942) is an Italian B-movie actor and screenwriter well known for his frequent collaborations with notorious director Joe D'Amato. He is most famous for his role as the insane, cannibalistic serial killer Klaus Wortmann in the gory 1980 horror film \"Antropophagus\" (aka \"The Grim Reaper\"). He also played a similar role in its 1981 follow-up, \"Absurd\". Both films were directed by D'Amato and written by Eastman. Eastman was born in 1942 in Genoa, Italy and studied at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome and at the Drama School held", "title": "George Eastman (actor)" }, { "id": "5645681", "text": "which is more of a \"bogus journey\" than the real sequel claimed itself to be.\" Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure is an action-adventure video game that is part of the Bill & Ted franchise and is based on the film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" which was released in North America by Acclaim Entertainment under their LJN label for the Nintendo Entertainment System in . The game's plot is not an adaptation of the movie, but rather serves as an original continuation to the film's events. The story begins when Rufus", "title": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure" }, { "id": "7723953", "text": "Connie Tavel Connie Tavel is an American television and film executive producer and talent manager. She is partners with Helen Hunt in Hunt/Tavel Productions, and with Tim Johnson in Tavel/Johnson Television. She has served as executive producer on films such as \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", \"Fever\", and \"The Wishing Tree\", as well as television movies such as \"Ride with the Wind\" and \"Summer's End\". She also produced an episode of the television series \"Judging Amy\", which she is credited as a co-creator. In 2006, she produced \"Then She Found Me\", a film written and directed by Helen Hunt. Forward", "title": "Connie Tavel" } ]

[ "Spain" ]

[ { "id": "364725", "text": "English and Mandarin. In Europe, Spanish is an official language of Spain, the country after which it is named and from which it originated. It is widely spoken in Gibraltar, and also commonly spoken in Andorra, although Catalan is the official language there. Spanish is also spoken by small communities in other European countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany. Spanish is an official language of the European Union. In Switzerland, which had a massive influx of Spanish migrants in the 20th century, Spanish is the native language of 2.2% of the population. Most Spanish speakers are", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "356860", "text": "Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. With an area of , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population, Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Málaga and Bilbao. Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian", "title": "Spain" }, { "id": "2447142", "text": "San Marino, and the Vatican) and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar. Other common Romance languages include Portuguese (spoken in Portugal and Andorra), Catalan (spoken in eastern Spain, Andorra and Alghero in Italy), Galician (spoken in northwestern Spain) and Occitan, which is spoken in the Val d'Aran in Catalonia, in the Occitan Valleys in Italy and in southern France. The Hellenic languages or Greek language are widely spoken in Greece and in the Republic of Cyprus. Additionally, other varieties of Greek are spoken in small communities in parts of other European countries.", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "id": "364743", "text": "that there are zones of exclusive use of (the use of ) in the following areas: almost all of Mexico, the West Indies, Panama, most of Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and coastal Ecuador. Areas of generalized include Argentina, Nicaragua, eastern Bolivia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Uruguay and the Colombian departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Risaralda, Quindio and Valle del Cauca. functions as formal and informal second person plural in over 90% of the Spanish-speaking world, including all of Hispanic America, the Canary Islands, and some regions of Andalusia. In Seville, Huelva, Cadiz, and other parts of western Andalusia, the", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "2717067", "text": "(14%), along with their native language. French is most commonly studied and used in southern Europe, especially in Mediterranean countries, in Germany, Portugal, Romania, the UK, and Ireland. German, on the other hand, is commonly studied and used in the Benelux countries, in Scandinavia, and in the newer EU member states. Spanish is most commonly studied in France, Italy, Luxembourg, and Portugal. In 19 out of 29 countries polled, English is the most widely known language apart from the native language, this being particularly the case in Sweden (89%), Malta (88%); the Netherlands (87%); and Denmark (86%). 77% of EU", "title": "Languages of the European Union" }, { "id": "2447128", "text": "Southern Europe Southern Europe is the southern region of the European continent. Most definitions of Southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include Gibraltar, Spain, Italy, Malta, Greece, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Slovenia, the East Thrace of European Turkey and Cyprus. Portugal, Andorra, Vatican City, San Marino, Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia are also often included despite not having a coast in the Mediterranean. Some definitions may also include mainland Southern France, Corsica and Monaco, which are otherwise considered parts of Western Europe. Different methods can be used to define Southern Europe, including its political, economic, and", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "id": "364726", "text": "in Hispanic America; of all countries with a majority of Spanish speakers, only Spain and Equatorial Guinea are outside the Americas. Nationally, Spanish is the official language—either \"de facto\" or \"de jure\"—of Argentina, Bolivia (co-official with Quechua, Aymara, Guarani, and 34 other languages), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (co-official with 63 indigenous languages), Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay (co-official with Guaraní), Peru (co-official with Quechua, Aymara, and \"the other indigenous languages\"), Puerto Rico (co-official with English), Uruguay, and Venezuela. Spanish has no official recognition in the former British colony of Belize; however, per the", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "364757", "text": "(, or ) is the entity which regulates the Spanish language. It was created in Mexico in 1951 and represents the union of all the separate academies in the Spanish-speaking world. It comprises the academies of 23 countries, ordered by date of Academy foundation: Spain (1713), Colombia (1871), Ecuador (1874), Mexico (1875), El Salvador (1876), Venezuela (1883), Chile (1885), Peru (1887), Guatemala (1887), Costa Rica (1923), Philippines (1924), Panama (1926), Cuba (1926), Paraguay (1927), Dominican Republic (1927), Bolivia (1927), Nicaragua (1928), Argentina (1931), Uruguay (1943), Honduras (1949), Puerto Rico (1955), United States (1973) and Equatorial Guinea (2016). The (Cervantes Institute)", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "4055697", "text": "Occitania Occitania (, , , , ) is the historical region and a nation, in southern Europe where Occitan was historically the main language spoken, and where it is sometimes still used, for the most part as a second language. This cultural area roughly encompasses the southern third of France, as well as part of Catalonia (Aran Valley), Monaco, and smaller parts of Italy (Occitan Valleys, Guardia Piemontese). Occitania has been recognized as a linguistic and cultural concept since the Middle Ages, but has never been a legal nor a political entity under this name, although the territory was united", "title": "Occitania" }, { "id": "363587", "text": "Geography of Spain Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe occupying most (about 85 percent) of the Iberian Peninsula and includes a small exclave inside France called Llívia as well as the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off northwest Africa, and five places of sovereignty (\"plazas de soberanía\") on and off the coast of North Africa: Ceuta, Melilla, Islas Chafarinas, Peñón de Alhucemas, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera. The Spanish mainland is bordered to the south and east almost entirely by the Mediterranean Sea (except for a small land boundary", "title": "Geography of Spain" }, { "id": "363588", "text": "with Gibraltar); to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal. With an area of 504,030 km, Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe (behind France) and the fourth largest country in the European continent (behind Russia, Ukraine and France). It has an average altitude of 650 m. Its total area is of which is land and is water. Spain lies between latitudes 36° and 44° N, and longitudes 19° W and 5° E. Its Atlantic coast is long. The", "title": "Geography of Spain" }, { "id": "364731", "text": "Spanish is also spoken in the integral territories of Spain in North Africa, which include the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla, the Plazas de soberanía, and the Canary Islands archipelago (population 2,000,000), located some off the northwest coast of mainland Africa. In northern Morocco, a former Spanish protectorate that is also geographically close to Spain, approximately 20,000 people speak Spanish as a second language, while Arabic is the \"de jure\" official language. A small number of Moroccan Jews also speak the Sephardic Spanish dialect Haketia (related to the Ladino dialect spoken in Israel). Spanish is spoken by some small", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "356859", "text": "Spain Spain ( ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with", "title": "Spain" }, { "id": "364698", "text": "Spanish language Spanish (; ) or Castilian (, ), is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in the Americas and Spain. It is usually considered a global language and the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "12340824", "text": "Judaeo-Spanish Judaeo-Spanish or Judeo-Spanish (, Hebrew script: , Cyrillic: ), commonly referred to as Ladino, is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish. Originally spoken in Spain and then after the Edict of Expulsion spreading through the former territories of the Ottoman Empire (the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa) as well as France, Italy, the Netherlands, Morocco, and the United Kingdom, it is today spoken mainly by Sephardic minorities in more than 30 countries, with most of the speakers residing in Israel. Although it has no official status in any country, it has been acknowledged as a", "title": "Judaeo-Spanish" }, { "id": "2447129", "text": "cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora. Politically, seven of the Southern European states form the EU Med group. Geographically, Southern Europe is the southern half of the landmass of Europe. This definition is relative, although largely based in history, culture, climate, and flora which is shared across the region. It includes southwestern Europe: the Iberian Peninsula (Andorra, Portugal and Spain), including the minor territory of Gibraltar. Then Italy and the micro-states of San Marino and the Vatican City. Southeastern Europe includes Greece, Kosovo, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "id": "309496", "text": "awards by the World Golf Awards. Portugal Portugal (), officially the Portuguese Republic ( ), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments. Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and", "title": "Portugal" }, { "id": "309302", "text": "Portugal Portugal (), officially the Portuguese Republic ( ), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments. Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The", "title": "Portugal" }, { "id": "3300542", "text": "Southern France Southern France or the South of France, colloquially known as le Midi, is a defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin, Spain, the Mediterranean, and Italy. The Midi includes: This area corresponds in large part to Occitania, the territory in which Occitan () — as distinct from the of northern France — was historically the dominant language. Though part of Occitania, the regions of Auvergne and Limousin are not normally considered part of the South of France. The term \"Midi\" derives from \"mi\" (middle) and \"di\"", "title": "Southern France" }, { "id": "2561241", "text": "Ibero-America Ibero-America (, ) or Iberian America is a region in the Americas comprising countries or territories where Spanish or Portuguese are predominant languages, usually former territories of Portugal or Spain. Portugal and Spain are themselves included in some definitions, such as that of the Ibero-American Summit and the Organization of Ibero-American States. The Organization of Ibero-American States also includes Spanish-speaking Equatorial Guinea, in Central Africa, but not the Portuguese-speaking African countries. The prefix \"Ibero-\" and the adjective \"Iberian\" refer to the Iberian Peninsula in Europe, which includes Portugal and Spain. Ibero-America includes all Spanish-speaking countries in North, Central, and", "title": "Ibero-America" }, { "id": "2561239", "text": "Ibero-America Ibero-America (, ) or Iberian America is a region in the Americas comprising countries or territories where Spanish or Portuguese are predominant languages, usually former territories of Portugal or Spain. Portugal and Spain are themselves included in some definitions, such as that of the Ibero-American Summit and the Organization of Ibero-American States. The Organization of Ibero-American States also includes Spanish-speaking Equatorial Guinea, in Central Africa, but not the Portuguese-speaking African countries. The prefix \"Ibero-\" and the adjective \"Iberian\" refer to the Iberian Peninsula in Europe, which includes Portugal and Spain. Ibero-America includes all Spanish-speaking countries in North, Central, and", "title": "Ibero-America" }, { "id": "9783947", "text": "Occitano-Romance languages The Occitano-Romance or Gallo-Narbonnese (, ) is a branch of the Romance language group that encompasses the Occitan language and the Catalan language. The group covers the languages of the southern part of France (Occitania including Northern Catalonia), Spain (Catalonia, Valencian Community, Balearic Islands, La Franja, Carche), together with Andorra, Monaco, parts of Italy (Occitan Valleys, Alghero, Guardia Piemontese), and historically in the County of Tripoli and the possessions of the Crown of Aragon. The existence of this group of languages is discussed on both linguistic and political bases. According to some linguists both Occitan and Catalan should", "title": "Occitano-Romance languages" }, { "id": "364760", "text": "the North American Free Trade Agreement, and numerous other international organizations. Spanish language Spanish (; ) or Castilian (, ), is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in the Americas and Spain. It is usually considered a global language and the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "63033", "text": "Catalan language Catalan (; autonym: ) is a Western Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain. It is the only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian). It also has semi-official status in the Italian commune of Alghero. It is also spoken in the eastern strip of Aragon, in some villages of Region of Murcia called Carche and in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France. These territories are often called", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "id": "2717032", "text": "that its member states have autonomy for language education, which by treaty the European Community must respect. The vast majority of EU languages belong to the Indo-European family, the three dominant subfamilies being the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic. Germanic languages are spoken in central and northern Europe and include Danish, Dutch, English, German, and Swedish. Romance languages are spoken in western, southern European regions; they include French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish. The Slavic languages are to be found in the central Europe and the Balkans in southern Europe. They include Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Polish, Slovak, and Slovene. The Baltic", "title": "Languages of the European Union" }, { "id": "363605", "text": "were: Islander population: Natural resources: coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, sepiolite, hydropower, arable land Land use: Irrigated land: 38,000 km (2003) Total renewable water resources: 111.1 cubic metres (2005) Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): Natural hazards: periodic droughts, occasional flooding Environment – Current Issues: Environment – International Agreements: Geography of Spain Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe occupying most (about 85 percent) of the Iberian Peninsula and includes a small exclave inside France called Llívia as well as the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic", "title": "Geography of Spain" }, { "id": "3147352", "text": "Atlantic Europe Atlantic Europe is a geographical and anthropological term for the western portion of Europe which borders the Atlantic Ocean. The term may refer to the idea of Atlantic Europe as a cultural unit and/or as an biogeographical region. It comprises the Atlantic Isles (Great Britain and Ireland), Iceland, Belgium, the Netherlands, the central and northern regions of Portugal, northwestern and northern Spain (including Galicia, the Southern Basque Country), the southwestern and western portion of France (Northern Basque Country), western Scandinavia and northern Germany. Weather and overall physical conditions are relatively similar along this area (with the exception of", "title": "Atlantic Europe" }, { "id": "12802630", "text": "a range of mountains in southwest Europe that form a natural border between France and Spain. Lower mountains extend to the west (Cantabrian Mountains) into Galicia. The inhabitants of the Pyrenees speak Spanish, French, Catalan (in Catalonia and Andorra) and the Basque language. A few speak the Occitan language (the Gascon and Languedocien dialects in France and the Aranese dialect in the Aran Valley), and Aragonese. In the Cantabrian Mountains Basque, Asturian and the Cantabrian dialect are spoken, apart from Spanish. In fact Cantabrians have traditionally also been referred to as \"montañeses\" (highlanders or mountain people) It is thought that", "title": "Hill people" }, { "id": "364730", "text": "such as those of Los Angeles, Miami, San Antonio, New York, San Francisco, Dallas, and Phoenix; as well as more recently, Chicago, Las Vegas, Boston, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Salt Lake City, Atlanta, Nashville, Orlando, Tampa, Raleigh and Baltimore-Washington, D.C. due to 20th- and 21st-century immigration. In Africa, Spanish is official (along with Portuguese and French) in Equatorial Guinea, as well as an official language of the African Union. In Equatorial Guinea, Spanish is the predominant language when native and non-native speakers (around 500,000 people) are counted, while Fang is the most spoken language by number of native speakers.", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "8209784", "text": "France France (), officially the French Republic (, ), is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral", "title": "France" }, { "id": "357021", "text": "people attending every year. Other festivals include: La Tomatina tomato festival in Buñol, Valencia, the carnivals in the Canary Islands, the Falles in Valencia or the Holy Week in Andalusia and Castile and León. Spain Spain ( ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco).", "title": "Spain" }, { "id": "8209838", "text": "2004 and the 2016 Nice attack which caused 87 deaths during Bastille Day celebrations. The vast majority of France's territory and population is situated in Western Europe and is called Metropolitan France, to distinguish it from the country's various overseas polities. It is bordered by the North Sea in the north, the English Channel in the northwest, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Mediterranean sea in the southeast. It land borders consist of Belgium and Luxembourg in the northeast, Germany and Switzerland in the east, Italy and Monaco in the southeast, and Andorra and Spain in the south", "title": "France" }, { "id": "305144", "text": "Occitan language Occitan (; ; ), also known as lenga d'òc (; ) by its native speakers, is a Romance language. It is spoken in southern France, Italy's Occitan Valleys, Monaco, and Spain's Val d'Aran; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania. Occitan is also spoken in the linguistic enclave of Guardia Piemontese (Calabria, Italy). However, there is controversy about the unity of the language, as some think that Occitan is a macrolanguage. Others include Catalan in this family, as the distance between this language and some Occitan dialects (such as the Gascon language) is similar to the", "title": "Occitan language" }, { "id": "7844895", "text": "History of the Spanish language The language known today as Spanish is derived from a dialect of spoken Latin that evolved in the north-central part of the Iberian Peninsula after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century. A written standard was developed in the cities of Toledo (13th to 16th centuries) and Madrid (from the 1560s). Over the past 1,000 years, the language expanded south to the Mediterranean Sea, and was later transferred to the Spanish colonial empire, most notably to the Americas. Today it is the official language of 20 countries, as well as an", "title": "History of the Spanish language" }, { "id": "1279047", "text": "Province of Cádiz Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the southernmost part of mainland Spain, as well as the southernmost part of continental Europe. It is bordered by the Spanish provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Málaga, as well as the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Its area is 7,385 square kilometers. Its capital is the city of Cádiz, which has a population of more than 128,000. The largest city is Jerez de la Frontera with 208,896", "title": "Province of Cádiz" }, { "id": "3710137", "text": "Spaniards Spaniards are a Romance ethnic group and nation. They are indigenous to Spain and share a common Spanish culture, history, ancestry, and language. Within Spain, there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history and diverse culture. Although the official language of Spain is commonly known as \"Spanish\", it is only one of the national languages of Spain, and is less ambiguously known as Castilian, a standard language based on the medieval romance speech of the early Kingdom of Castile in north-central Spain and the Mozarabic dialect of the Taifa of Toledo which was incorporated", "title": "Spaniards" }, { "id": "3799215", "text": "medieval times, a single language which linguists call Galician-Portuguese, Medieval Galician, or Old Portuguese, spoken in the territories initially ruled by the medieval Kingdom of Galicia. Both languages are even today united by a dialect continuum located mainly in the northern regions of Portugal. Aranese () is a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Val d'Aran, in north western Catalonia on the border between Spain and France, where it is one of the three official languages besides Catalan and Spanish. Other languages of Spain: About 68% of Spaniards identify as belonging to", "title": "Culture of Spain" }, { "id": "2447144", "text": "Bulgaria and Macedonia. Maltese is a Semitic language that is the official language of Malta, descended from Siculo-Arabic, but written in the Latin script with heavy Latin and Italian influences. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain and southwestern France. The following table shows the busiest airports in Southern Europe in 2016. The predominant religion in Southern Europe is Christianity. Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD. Due to the historical break of the", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "id": "773184", "text": "Extremadura Extremadura (; ; ; Fala: \"Extremaúra\"; ) is an autonomous community of the western Iberian Peninsula whose capital city is Mérida, recognised by the Statute of Autonomy of Extremadura. It is made up of the two largest provinces of Spain: Cáceres and Badajoz. It is bordered by the provinces of Salamanca and Ávila (Castile and León) to the north; by provinces of Toledo and Ciudad Real (Castile–La Mancha) to the east, and by the provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Córdoba (Andalusia) to the south; and by Portugal to the west. Its official language is Spanish. It is an important", "title": "Extremadura" }, { "id": "364737", "text": "from Mexican Spanish, owing to the administration of the islands by Spain through Mexico City until 1821, and then directly from Madrid until 1898. Spanish loan words are present in the local languages of Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Marshall Islands and Micronesia, all of which formerly comprised the Spanish East Indies. The following table shows the number of Spanish speakers in some 79 countries. There are important variations (phonological, grammatical, and lexical) in the spoken Spanish of the various regions of Spain and throughout the Spanish-speaking areas of the Americas. The variety with the most speakers is Mexican Spanish.", "title": "Spanish language" }, { "id": "16292", "text": "Urgell in Spain and the President of the Republic of France. Andorra is the sixth-smallest nation in Europe, having an area of and a population of approximately . The Andorrans are a Romance ethnic group of originally Catalan descent. Andorra is the 16th-smallest country in the world by land and 11th-smallest country by population. Its capital Andorra la Vella is the highest capital city in Europe, at an elevation of above sea level. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, Portuguese, and French are also commonly spoken. Andorra's tourism services an estimated 10.2 million visitors annually. It is not a", "title": "Andorra" }, { "id": "3799214", "text": "in schools and is more commonly heard in the cities and in the areas where it was lost. Basque is the only non-Indo-European language in all of western Europe. The origins of this language are unknown. It is thought that the language was spoken before the Romans came to the Iberian Peninsula. Galician (Galician: \"Galego\" ) is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community with the constitutional status of \"historic nationality,\" located in northwestern Spain and small bordering zones in neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castilla y León. Galician and Portuguese were, in", "title": "Culture of Spain" }, { "id": "63080", "text": "law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction \"i\" (\"and\"). Selected text from Manuel de Pedrolo's 1970 novel (\"A love affair outside the city\"). Institutions About the Catalan language Monolingual dictionaries Bilingual and multilingual dictionaries Automated translation systems Phrasebooks Learning resources Catalan-language online encyclopedia Catalan language Catalan (; autonym: ) is a Western Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain. It is the only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Valencia (where", "title": "Catalan language" }, { "id": "2126058", "text": "Catalan Countries The Catalan Countries (, ) refers to those territories where the Catalan language, or a variant of it, is spoken. They include the Spanish regions of Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands and parts of Aragon and Murcia, as well as Roussillon in France, the Principality of Andorra, and the city of Alghero in Sardinia (Italy). In the context of Catalan nationalism, the term is sometimes used in a more restricted way to refer to just Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The Catalan Countries do not correspond to any present or past political or administrative unit, though most", "title": "Catalan Countries" }, { "id": "190024", "text": "Italy Italy ( ), officially the Italian Republic ( ), is a country in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in Southern Europe. Due to its central geographic location in Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to a myriad of peoples and cultures. In addition to the", "title": "Italy" }, { "id": "2447130", "text": "Herzegovina, Montenegro, the Republic of Macedonia, Albania and East Thrace (part of European Turkey). The Major islands in the region are Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, the Balearic islands and the Island countries of Cyprus and Malta. Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area, which is due to the large subtropical semi-permanent centre of high atmospheric pressure found, not in the Mediterranean itself, but in the Atlantic Ocean, the Azores High. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Monaco, Italy, coastal Croatia, Albania, Greece, as", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "id": "461496", "text": "would give the following calculation of Western Europe's population. All figures based on the projections for 2018 by the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Using the CIA classification a little more liberally and including \"South-Western Europe\", would give the following calculation of Western Europe's population. The climate of Western Europe varies from subtropical and semi-arid in the southern coast of Italy and Spain to alpine in the Pyrenees. The Mediterranean climate of the south is dry and warm. The western and northwestern parts have a mild, generally humid climate, influenced by the North", "title": "Western Europe" }, { "id": "2048701", "text": "nature. How far the Gallo-Romance languages spread varies a great deal depending on which languages are included in the group. Those included in its narrowest definition (i.e. the Langues d'oïl and Arpitan) were historically spoken in the north of France, parts of Flanders, Alsace, part of Lorraine, the Wallonia region of Belgium, the Channel Islands, parts of Switzerland, and northern Italy. Today, a single Gallo-Romance language (French) dominates much of this geographic region (including the formerly non-Romance areas of France) and has also spread overseas. At its broadest, the area also encompasses southern France, Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic islands", "title": "Gallo-Romance languages" }, { "id": "8650488", "text": "area. From this data a \"regionalism index\" was constructed. By this index Spain is the country with the highest variation between regions in the degree of regionalism, interpreted as reflecting \"internal tensions within the Spanish state, where the dominant Castilian-speaking group seems to have become increasingly loyal to the state in response to pressures from non-Castilian areas for devolution or secession\". Madrid, Castilla-Leon, Castilla-La Mancha, Cantabria and Murcia are among the lowest 10 regions in Europe on this index, while the Basque Country, Catalonia, and the Canary Islands are among the top 10. There has been \"a persistent tension between", "title": "National and regional identity in Spain" }, { "id": "2717033", "text": "languages, Latvian and Lithuanian; the Celtic languages, including Irish; and Greek are also Indo-European. Outside the Indo-European family, Estonian, Finnish, and Hungarian are Uralic languages while Maltese is the only Afroasiatic language with official status in the EU. The Basque language, a language isolate whose roots are unknown, is an official language in some parts of northern Spain, but not an official language of the EU. Most official EU languages are written in the Latin script. The two exceptions are Greek, which is written in the Greek script, and Bulgarian, which is written in Cyrillic script. With the accession of", "title": "Languages of the European Union" }, { "id": "3710163", "text": "and immigrants now make up about 10% of the population. Since 2000, Spain has absorbed more than 3 million immigrants, with thousands more arriving each year. Immigrant population now tops over 4.5 million. They come mainly from Europe, Latin America, China, the Philippines, North Africa, and West Africa. Languages spoken in Spain include Spanish (\"castellano\" or \"español\") (74%), Catalan (\"català\", called \"valencià\" in the Valencian Community) (17%), Galician (\"galego\") (7%), and Basque (\"euskara\") (2%). Other languages are Asturian (\"asturianu\"), Aranese Gascon (\"aranés\"), Aragonese (\"aragonés\"), and Leonese, each with their own various dialects. Spanish is the official state language, although the", "title": "Spaniards" }, { "id": "2849043", "text": "Spanish archipelago off the African coast which form one of the 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain–the country's principal first-level administrative division. They are outside the EU VAT Area. The Canary Islands are the most populous and economically strongest territory of all the outermost regions in the European Union. The outermost regions office for support and information is located in these islands, in the city of Las Palmas on the island of Gran Canaria. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion are five French overseas departments (which are also overseas regions) which under French law are, for the most part, treated", "title": "Special member state territories and the European Union" }, { "id": "13301554", "text": "Agriculture in Spain Agriculture in Spain is important to the national economy. Viewed in terms of land mass, Spain is one of the largest countries in Western Europe, and it ranks second in terms of its elevation, after Switzerland. A large part of the country is semiarid, with temperatures that range from extremely cold in the winter to scorching in the summer. Rainfall, which is often inadequate, tends to be concentrated in two generally brief periods during the year. Summer droughts occur frequently. 20.6 million of Spain's 50.5 million hectares of land, or about 40 percent, is suitable for cultivation.", "title": "Agriculture in Spain" }, { "id": "962920", "text": "Gascon language Gascon (, ) is a dialect of Occitan, considered by some linguists to be a separate language. It is mostly spoken in Gascony and Béarn in southwestern France (in parts of the following French \"départements\": Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Hautes-Pyrénées, Landes, Gers, Gironde, Lot-et-Garonne, Haute-Garonne, and Ariège) and in the Aran Valley of Catalonia. Aranese, a southern Gascon variety, is spoken in Catalonia and has been greatly influenced recently by Catalan and Spanish. Both these influences tend to differentiate it more and more from the dialects of Gascon spoken in France. Since the 2006 adoption of the new statute of Catalonia,", "title": "Gascon language" }, { "id": "4526150", "text": "incompletely emerged national standard languages which also subsumes a cluster of semi-standardised dialects. Spain has one national constitutional language, Spanish, but there are four other languages that are co-official in some territories: Galician language in Galicia, Basque in Euskadi and part of Navarre, Catalan language in Cataluña, Balearic Islands and Valencia (as Valencian), and Aranese dialect in Val d'Aran. Switzerland has four national languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh, all of which have official status at the national level within the Federal administration of Switzerland. A majority (74%) of the population speaks German, while most of the remainder (21%) speak", "title": "National language" }, { "id": "333554", "text": "Pyrenees The Pyrenees (; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between Spain and France. Reaching a height of altitude at the peak of Aneto, the range separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe, and extends for about from the Bay of Biscay (Cap Higuer) to the Mediterranean Sea (Cap de Creus). For the most part, the main crest forms a divide between Spain and France, with the microstate of Andorra sandwiched in between. The Principality of Catalonia alongside with the Kingdom of Aragon in", "title": "Pyrenees" }, { "id": "122248", "text": "Russian forming the largest linguistic community in Europe), Polish (c. 55 million), Ukrainian (c. 40 million), Serbo-Croatian (c. 21 million), Czech (c. 11 million), Bulgarian (c. 9 million), Slovak (c. 5 million) Belarusian and Slovene (c. 3 million each) and Macedonian (c. 2 million). Phylogenetically, Slavic is divided into three subgroups: Roughly 225 million Europeans (primarily in Southern and Western Europe) are native speakers of Romance languages, the largest groups including French (c. 76 million), Italian (c. 65 million), Spanish (Castilian) (c. 40 million), Romanian (c. 25 million), Portuguese (c. 10 million), Sicilian (c. 5 million, also subsumed under Italian),", "title": "Languages of Europe" }, { "id": "4055720", "text": "the Centre-Val de Loire Occitan is spoken in some communes in southern Cher and Indre. The geographical delimitation of Occitania most commonly accepted was specified between 1876—beginning of research on the linguistic boundaries—and the 20th century. Occitania roughly covers a southern third of France (commonly known as \"Midi\", including Monaco), the Occitan Valleys and Guardia Piemontese, in Italy, as well as the Val d'Aran, in Spain. The practice of Occitan is not the same uniformly throughout the territory. In addition, there is a linguistic transition area in the north called Croissant where the terms of d'oil and Occitan interfere strongly", "title": "Occitania" }, { "id": "1280261", "text": "Province of Pontevedra Pontevedra is a province of Spain along the country's Atlantic coast in southwestern Europe. The province forms the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Galicia. It is bordered by the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, and Ourense, the country of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. The official languages of the Pontevedra province are Spanish and Galician. There is a public institution called the Diputación Provincial of Pontevedra (Provincial Council), whose head office is in Pontevedra city, that provides direct services to citizens such as technical, financial and technological support to the councils of the 62 municipalities", "title": "Province of Pontevedra" }, { "id": "356928", "text": "by Portugal; on the south, it is bordered by Gibraltar (a British overseas territory) and Morocco, through its exclaves in North Africa (Ceuta and Melilla, and the peninsula of Vélez de la Gomera). On the northeast, along the Pyrenees mountain range, it is bordered by France and the Principality of Andorra. Along the Pyrenees in Girona, a small exclave town called Llívia is surrounded by France. Extending to , the Portugal–Spain border is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. Spain also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean and a", "title": "Spain" }, { "id": "2667026", "text": "Europe. Due to its geographically eastern position and unique status as a Finnic language country, Finland is sometimes geographically and culturally excluded from Northwestern Europe. Similarly, the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, although considered part of Northern Europe, are excluded due to their geographically eastern positions and connections to the rest of Eastern Europe . The term is helpful when discussing issues of climate or biology. Germanic languages are widely spoken in most of Northwestern Europe, although other languages are also present, including Romance languages in Northern France, Wallonia and Luxembourg, and Celtic languages along the western fringes", "title": "Northwestern Europe" }, { "id": "2447141", "text": "and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013). The following table shows the languages in Southern Europe that are spoken by at least five million people in the region: The most widely spoken family of languages in Southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. \"(See the Latin Arch.)\" By far the most common Romance languages in Southern Europe are Italian (spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, Malta,", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "id": "72506", "text": "continental part of [Italy (excluding Sardinia, Sicily, etc.), the continental part of [Spain (excluding the Balearic islands, the Canary Islands, Alboran, etc.), the continental part of France (excluding Corsica, etc.), the continental part of Portugal (excluding the Madeira and Azores islands), or the continental part of Greece (excluding the Ionian Islands, the Aegean Islands, and Crete). The term is used from the perspective of the island residents of each country to describe the continental portion of their country or the continent (or mainland) as a whole. Continental Europe Continental or mainland Europe is the continuous continent of Europe, excluding its", "title": "Continental Europe" }, { "id": "3710164", "text": "other languages are co-official in a number of autonomous communities. Peninsular Spanish is largely considered to be divided into two main dialects: Castilian Spanish (spoken in the northern half of the country) and Andalusian Spanish (spoken mainly in Andalusia). However, a large part of Spain, including Madrid, Extremadura, Murcia, and Castile–La Mancha, speak local dialects known as \"transitional dialects\" between Andalusian and Castilian Spanish. The Canary Islands also have a distinct dialect of Castilian Spanish which is very close to Caribbean Spanish. Linguistically, the Spanish language is a Romance language and is one of the aspects (including laws and general", "title": "Spaniards" }, { "id": "362609", "text": "Slovenia Slovenia ( ; ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: \"RS\"), is a sovereign state located in southern Central Europe at a crossroads of important European cultural and trade routes. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. It covers and has a population of 2.07 million. One of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations, of the European Union, and of NATO. The capital and", "title": "Slovenia" }, { "id": "120593", "text": "Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea (; ; ), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (, , ), is a country located in Central Africa, with an area of . Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name evokes its location near both the Equator and the Gulf of Guinea. Equatorial Guinea is the only sovereign African state in which Spanish is an official language. , the country had an estimated population of 1,222,245. Equatorial Guinea consists of two parts, an insular and a mainland region. The insular region consists of the islands of Bioko (formerly \"Fernando Pó\") in the Gulf", "title": "Equatorial Guinea" }, { "id": "3799213", "text": "of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of The Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencian Community, and in the city of Alghero in the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken, although with no official recognition, in the autonomous communities of Aragon (in La Franja) and Murcia (in Carche) in Spain, and in the Roussillon region of southern France, which is more or less equivalent to the \"département\" of the Pyrénées-Orientales. Basque (\"Euskera\" or \"Euskara\") is a non-Indo-European language. Until the 1970s it was in recession, but since the re-establishment of democracy it has been taught", "title": "Culture of Spain" }, { "id": "2717042", "text": "status within the member state and count many more speakers than some of the lesser-used official languages. The official languages of EU are in bold. In the list those idioms deemed by member states as mere dialects of an official language are not included. However many of these dialects are often viewed as separate languages: Scots—the Germanic language descended from Old English, not the Celtic language known as Scottish Gaelic—and several Romance languages spoken in Portugal, France and Italy, such as Mirandese, Lombard, Ligurian, Piedmontese, Venetian, Corsican, Neapolitan, and Sicilian. The French constitution stipulates French as the sole language of", "title": "Languages of the European Union" }, { "id": "2717070", "text": "neighbouring countries. This is the case in Luxembourg, where 92% speak at least two languages. Those who live in southern European countries or countries where one of the major European languages is a state language have a lower likelihood of speaking multiple foreign languages. Only 5% of Turkish, 13% of Irish, 16% of Italians, 17% of Spanish and 18% from the UK speak at least two languages apart from their native language. While documents for and communication with citizens are in every official EU language as a right, day-to-day work in the European Commission is based around its three working", "title": "Languages of the European Union" }, { "id": "8650500", "text": "the Balearic Islands and a few other places in Spain and in other European countries are united by the fact that they share Catalan as a historic language, and are in this way distinct from the rest of Spain. In Valencia, however, reservations are frequently expressed about being included in this concept. Catalonia, in the north-east of Spain bordering France and the Mediterranean, contains large areas of productive agriculture. Historically it has been a land of small proprietors with relatively secure tenure. Its position has oriented its trade towards the Mediterranean through the great port-city of Barcelona, rather than the", "title": "National and regional identity in Spain" }, { "id": "324457", "text": "third-most spoken European language in the world in terms of native speakers, and the most spoken language in the Southern Hemisphere. It is also the most spoken language in South America and the second-most spoken in Latin America after Spanish, one of the 10 most spoken languages in Africa and is an official language of the European Union, Mercosur, OAS, ECOWAS and the African Union. When the Romans arrived at the Iberian Peninsula in 216 B.C., they brought the Latin language with them, from which all Romance languages descend. The language was spread by Roman soldiers, settlers, and merchants, who", "title": "Portuguese language" }, { "id": "15715834", "text": "200mm. Almeria province is the only area in Europe within this climatic zone. The records of temperatures in Spain have been, in Lago Estangento in the Pyrenees (Lleida) for the coldest, for the hottest in Seville and Écija. Climate of Spain The climate in Spain varies across the country. Spain is the most climatically diverse country in Europe with 13 different Köppen climates (excluding the Canary Islands) and it's within the 10th most climatically diverse countries in the world. Five main climatic zones (the five main climates) can be distinguished, according to Guzman geographical situation and orographic conditions: Apart from", "title": "Climate of Spain" }, { "id": "29648", "text": "Andalusia Andalusia (; ) is an autonomous community in southern Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities in the country. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a \"historical nationality\". The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Its capital is the city of Seville (Spanish: \"Sevilla\"). Andalusia is located in a privileged area in the south of the Iberian peninsula, in south-western Europe, immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia", "title": "Andalusia" }, { "id": "13126676", "text": "and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, San Marino, Vatican City, Andorra, Monaco and Liechtenstein also observe Central European Time. Moldova, Transnistria, Kaliningrad Oblast (Kaliningrad Time), Ukraine (apart from Crimea) and Northern Cyprus observe the Eastern European Time. Belarus, Russia (western part, including Crimea) and Turkey use Further-eastern European Time. Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh use time. Kazakhstan use . London and others: Time in Europe Europe spans seven primary time zones (from to ), excluding summer time offsets (four of them can be seen on the map to the right, with one further-western zone containing the Azores, and", "title": "Time in Europe" }, { "id": "305189", "text": "half of the year. The French composer Joseph Canteloube created five sets of folk songs entitled \"Songs of the Auvergne\", in which the lyrics are in the Auvergne dialect of Occitan. The orchestration strives to conjure vivid pastoral scenes of yesteryear. Michael Crichton features Occitan in his \"Timeline\" novel. Occitan language Occitan (; ; ), also known as lenga d'òc (; ) by its native speakers, is a Romance language. It is spoken in southern France, Italy's Occitan Valleys, Monaco, and Spain's Val d'Aran; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania. Occitan is also spoken in the linguistic", "title": "Occitan language" }, { "id": "3710160", "text": "1974, at the height of the guest worker in Western Europe, about 100,000 Spaniards emigrated each year. Within Spain, there are various regional populations including the Andalusians, Castilians, the Catalans, Valencians and Balearics (who speak Catalan, a distinct Romance language in eastern Spain), the Basques (who live in the Basque country and north of Navarre and speak Basque, a non-Indo-European language), and the Galicians (who speak Galician, a descendant of old Galician-Portuguese). Respect to the existing cultural pluralism is important to many Spaniards. In many regions there exist strong regional identities such as Asturias, Aragon, the Canary Islands, León, and", "title": "Spaniards" }, { "id": "8650517", "text": "of the Catalan language) is spoken alongside Spanish in around two thirds of the territory of the Valencian Community and in most of the more densely populated coastal areas. It is not commonly used in some inland areas and in the far south, and its use has declined in the two main cities of Alicante and Valencia. According to a 2010 survey 48% of respondents said they speak Valencian \"perfectly\" or \"quite well\", and for 32% it was the language most commonly used at home. Nationalist sentiment is not widespread and most of the population do not consider themselves more", "title": "National and regional identity in Spain" }, { "id": "70258", "text": "Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; , ) is a Spanish archipelago and the southernmost autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco at the closest point. The Canaries are among the outermost regions (OMR) of the European Union proper. It is also one of the eight regions with special consideration of historical nationality recognized as such by the Spanish Government. The Canary Islands belong to the African Plate like the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla, the two on the African mainland. The seven main islands are (from largest to smallest in area) Tenerife, Fuerteventura,", "title": "Canary Islands" }, { "id": "2126083", "text": "to a greater or lesser extent. Catalan Countries The Catalan Countries (, ) refers to those territories where the Catalan language, or a variant of it, is spoken. They include the Spanish regions of Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands and parts of Aragon and Murcia, as well as Roussillon in France, the Principality of Andorra, and the city of Alghero in Sardinia (Italy). In the context of Catalan nationalism, the term is sometimes used in a more restricted way to refer to just Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The Catalan Countries do not correspond to any present or past", "title": "Catalan Countries" }, { "id": "3710169", "text": "numbers cannot really be compared. Spanish Chilean of Chile and Spanish Uruguayan of Uruguay could be included by percentage (each at above 40%) instead of numeral size. Spaniards Spaniards are a Romance ethnic group and nation. They are indigenous to Spain and share a common Spanish culture, history, ancestry, and language. Within Spain, there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history and diverse culture. Although the official language of Spain is commonly known as \"Spanish\", it is only one of the national languages of Spain, and is less ambiguously known as Castilian, a standard language", "title": "Spaniards" }, { "id": "12744099", "text": "Murcia, Cartagena, Lorca, and Molina de Segura. The Spanish spoken in the region has its own accent and local words. The Murcian dialect is one of the southern dialects of Spanish and tends to eliminate many syllable-final consonants and to emphasize regional vocabulary, much of which is derived from Aragonese, Catalan and Arabic words. The general intonation and some of the distinctive vocabulary of the Spanish dialect spoken in Murcia share several traits with the one spoken in the neighboring province of Almería, north of Granada, and the Vega Baja del Segura in the Alicante province. The Valencian language is", "title": "Region of Murcia" }, { "id": "2447143", "text": "English is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe. As a primary language, however, English has only a small presence in Southern Europe, only in Gibraltar (alongside Spanish) and Malta (secondary to Maltese). English is also widely spoken in Cyprus. There are other language groupings in Southern Europe. Albanian is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, and parts of Italy (particularly by the Arbëreshë people in Southern Italy) and Greece, and Serbo-Croatian is spoken in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Montenegro. Slovenian is spoken in Slovenia, Italy (in Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and Croatia (in Istria), and Bulgarian is spoken in", "title": "Southern Europe" }, { "id": "962929", "text": "(Catalan of La Franja) Gascon is also (with Spanish, Navarro-Aragonese and French) one of the Romance influences in Basque language. Gascon language Gascon (, ) is a dialect of Occitan, considered by some linguists to be a separate language. It is mostly spoken in Gascony and Béarn in southwestern France (in parts of the following French \"départements\": Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Hautes-Pyrénées, Landes, Gers, Gironde, Lot-et-Garonne, Haute-Garonne, and Ariège) and in the Aran Valley of Catalonia. Aranese, a southern Gascon variety, is spoken in Catalonia and has been greatly influenced recently by Catalan and Spanish. Both these influences tend to differentiate it more", "title": "Gascon language" }, { "id": "85558", "text": "Catalonia Catalonia (; ; ; ;) is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern corner of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a \"nationality\" by its Statute of Autonomy. Catalonia consists of four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. The capital and largest city is Barcelona, the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union. It comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia (with the remainder Roussillon now part of France's Pyrénées-Orientales, Occitanie). It is bordered by France (Occitanie) and Andorra (Andorra la Vella, Encamp,", "title": "Catalonia" }, { "id": "482210", "text": "states outside the Soviet Union as Eastern Europe. The fall of the Iron Curtain brought the end of the East-West division in Europe, but this geopolitical concept is sometimes still used for quick reference by the media or sometimes for statistical purposes. Historians and social scientists generally view such definitions as outdated or relegated. Eurovoc, a multilingual thesaurus maintained by the Publications Office of the European Union, has entries for \"23 EU languages\" (\"Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech\", Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, \"Hungarian\", Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, \"Polish\", Portuguese, \"Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian\", Spanish and Swedish), plus the languages", "title": "Eastern Europe" }, { "id": "883794", "text": "Languedoc-Roussillon Languedoc-Roussillon (; ; ) is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Occitanie. It comprises five departments, and borders the other French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, Auvergne, Midi-Pyrénées on the one side, and Spain, Andorra and the Mediterranean Sea on the other side. It is the southernmost region of mainland France. The first part of the name of the province of Languedoc-Roussillon comes from the French \"langue d'oc\" (\"language of \"oc\"\"). In southern France, the word for \"yes\" was the Occitan language word \"oc\". Prior to the 16th", "title": "Languedoc-Roussillon" }, { "id": "7273976", "text": "Gitanos The Gypsies in Spain, generally known as gitanos (), belong to the Iberian Kale group, with smaller populations in Portugal (known as \"ciganos\") and in southern France. They tend to speak Caló, which basically encompasses a range of regional dialects of Spanish with numerous Romani loan words and mannerisms. Nevertheless, to varying degrees, they identify with Andalusian culture and music due to the large and culturally significant \"gitano\" population present in that region. Data on ethnicity is not collected in Spain, although the Government's statistical agency CIS estimated in 2007 that the number of Gitanos present in Spain is", "title": "Gitanos" }, { "id": "1279055", "text": "north bank of the river in the provinces of Seville and Huelva. Parques Periurbanos: Pinares y Dunas de San Antón La Suara La Barrosa The main ways to enter the province are by road from Seville or Malaga and by the Jerez Airport. Football Rugby Union Province of Cádiz Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the southernmost part of mainland Spain, as well as the southernmost part of continental Europe. It is bordered by the Spanish provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Málaga, as well as the Atlantic", "title": "Province of Cádiz" }, { "id": "2126063", "text": "countries\") or others (such as \"the linguistic domain of Catalan language\") are used instead. Catalan and its variants are spoken in: Catalan is the official language of Andorra, co-official with Spanish and Occitan in Catalonia, co-official with Spanish in the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community—with the denomination of \"Valencian\" in the latter—and co-official with Italian in the city of Alghero. It is also part of the recognized minority languages of Italy along with Sardinian, also spoken in Alghero. It is not official in Aragon, Murcia or the Pyrénées-Orientales, even though on 10 December 2007 the General Council of the", "title": "Catalan Countries" }, { "id": "638288", "text": "days travel time) as well as providing a stop for seasonal cruise ships. Cádiz is twinned with: Cádiz Cádiz (; ; see other pronunciations below) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the Province of Cádiz, one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia. Cádiz, regarded by many as the oldest continuously inhabited city in Western Europe, with archaeological remains dating to 3100 years, was founded by the Phoenicians. It has been a principal home port of the Spanish Navy since the accession of the Spanish Bourbons in the 18th century.", "title": "Cádiz" }, { "id": "2080860", "text": "Tarifa Tarifa is a small town in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, on the southernmost coast of mainland Spain. It is primarily known as one of the world's most popular destinations for wind sports. The town is located on the Costa de la Luz (\"coast of light\") and across the Strait of Gibraltar facing Morocco. At exactly 36 degrees latitude, it is the southernmost point of Continental Europe, situated south of the two African capital cities of Tunis and Algiers. It is also one of the southernmost points of geographic Europe with only Malta, Cyprus and the southernmost Greek islands", "title": "Tarifa" }, { "id": "150038", "text": "Germany Germany ( ), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Central and Western Europe, lying between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west. Germany includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With nearly 83 million inhabitants, it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia, the", "title": "Germany" }, { "id": "7927717", "text": "Murcian Spanish Murcian (endonym: \"murciano\") is a variant of Peninsular Spanish, spoken mainly in the autonomous community of Murcia and the adjacent \"comarcas\" of Vega Baja del Segura and Alto Vinalopó in the province of Alicante (Valencia), the corridor of Almansa in Albacete (Castile-La Mancha). In a greater extent, it may also include some areas that were part of the former Kingdom of Murcia, such as southeastern Albacete (now part of Castile La Mancha) and parts of Jaén and Almería (now part of Andalusia). The linguistic varieties of Murcian form a dialect continuum with Eastern Andalusian and Manchego Peninsular Spanish.", "title": "Murcian Spanish" }, { "id": "4526127", "text": "the media. Andorra's national language is Catalan; moreover Catalan is an official language in several territories in Spain (Catalonia, Valencian Community, Balearic Islands), and is spoken (without official recognition or status) in territories in Spain (the Catalan-Aragonese borderlands known as La Franja and the Murcian municipality of El Carche), France (Pyrénées Orientales) and in Italy (Alghero). Armenia's national language is a separate branch in the linguistic family of Indo-European languages, Armenian. Armenian is widely spoken in Armenia as well as in its diaspora. The Armenian spoken in Armenia is known as Eastern Armenian, and this dialect is spoken as well,", "title": "National language" }, { "id": "1280209", "text": "Province of Burgos The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Palencia, Cantabria, Vizcaya, Álava, La Rioja, Soria, Segovia, and Valladolid. Its capital is the city of Burgos. The Cartularies of Valpuesta from the monastery Santa María de Valpuesta, in Burgos, are considered to be the oldest known documents containing words written in the Spanish language. Since 1964, archaeologists have been working at numerous areas of the Archaeological Site of Atapuerca, where they have found ancient hominid and human", "title": "Province of Burgos" }, { "id": "14170499", "text": "while the mildest winters in the continent are in coastal southern Spain and the southernmost coast of Crete. Almería, Málaga, Cádiz, Algeciras and Ierapetra average over in January with during the day. The hottest summers of the continent occur in cities and towns of the hinterland of southern Spain: July average highs in this region are in Seville and in Cordoba. The Netherlands has the highest average number of recorded tornadoes per area of any country in the world (more than 20, or 0.0013 per sq mi (0.00048 per km), annually), followed by the UK (around 33, or 0.00035 per", "title": "Climate of Europe" }, { "id": "18535667", "text": "Comminges, Couserans, Bigorre, Condomois, Nébouzan, Rivière-Verdun), and Guiana (Carcin, Roergue). During the Ancien Régime, most of these territories belonged to the Parliament of Toulouse, founded in 1443. Occitania (\"Occitània\" or \"Óucitanìo\" in Occitan) is a historical region of southwestern Europe in which Occitan was the main vernacular language. This territory was already united in Roman times under the name of the Diocese of Vienne, and then the Seven Provinces (\"Septem Provinciae\")), and in Aquitaine at the beginning of the Middle Ages (Aquitanica, Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse), before the Frankish conquest. Occitania is characterized by \"the Occitan culture\", since the Middle", "title": "Occitanie" }, { "id": "461497", "text": "Atlantic Current. Western European languages mostly fall within two Indo-European language families: the Romance languages, descended from the Latin of the Roman Empire; and the Germanic languages, whose ancestor language (Proto-Germanic) came from southern Scandinavia. Romance languages are spoken primarily in the southern and central part of Western Europe, Germanic languages in the northern part (the British Isles and the Low Countries), as well as a large part of Northern and Central Europe. Other Indo-European languages include the Celtic group (that is, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton). Basque is the only currently living Western European language isolate.", "title": "Western Europe" }, { "id": "1965216", "text": "Andalusian Spanish The Andalusian varieties of Spanish (Spanish: \"andaluz\" ; Andalusian: \"andalú\" ) are spoken in Andalusia, Ceuta, Melilla, and Gibraltar. They include perhaps the most distinct of the southern variants of peninsular Spanish, differing in many respects from northern varieties, and also from Standard Spanish. Due to the large population of Andalusia, the Andalusian dialects are among the ones with more speakers in Spain. Within Spain, other southern dialects of Spanish share some core elements of Andalusian, mainly in terms of phonetics notably Canarian Spanish, Extremaduran Spanish and Murcian Spanish as well as, to a lesser degree, Manchegan Spanish.", "title": "Andalusian Spanish" }, { "id": "909606", "text": "Ariège (department) Ariège (; ) is a department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France named after the Ariège River. Its capital is the town of Foix and the INSEE and Postal code is 09 (hence the department's informal name of 'le neuf). The inhabitants of the department are known as \"Ariègeois\" or \"Ariègeoises\". The department is part of the current region of Occitanie and is surrounded by the French departments of Haute-Garonne to the west and north, :Aude to the east, and Pyrénées-Orientales in the south-east, as well as Spain (Lleida) and Andorra in the south. Covering an area", "title": "Ariège (department)" } ]

[ "August 8, 2018" ]

[ { "id": "17932656", "text": "be chosen at random to go on a four person date to couple off as they choose. Everyone back at the house then voted whichever couple they thought most likely to be a 'Perfect Match' into the Truth Booth. Season seven premiered on August 15, 2018. = Confirmed perfect match = Unconfirmed perfect match Once the truth booth confirms a perfect match, that couple will go to the honeymoon suite and will automatically be paired up for the remainder of the match ceremonies. Filmed in Melbourne, Australia. Hosted by Karamo Brown. Premiered March 22, 2017. Are You the One? Are", "title": "Are You the One?" }, { "id": "17932654", "text": "Place. Alicia Wright, Andre Siemens, Derrick Henry and Taylor Selfridge appeared on the U.S. version of the MTV dating show \"Ex on the Beach\". Challenge in bold indicates that the contestant was a finalist on The Challenge. Filmed in New Orleans, Louisiana. The new host is Terrence J. Season six premiered on September 20, 2017. = Confirmed perfect match = Unconfirmed perfect match Once the truth booth confirms a perfect match, that couple will go to the honeymoon suite and will automatically be paired up for the remainder of the match ceremonies. At the reunion, it was confirmed that Keith", "title": "Are You the One?" }, { "id": "17932650", "text": "Challenge. Note: Tori made an appearance on \"\" for an elimination. Filmed in Cabarete, Dominican Republic. Season five premiered on January 11, 2017. This season featured 2 big changes. When a couple gets sent into the truth booth to see if they are a perfect match, the rest of the house can either vote to see if they are a perfect match, or earn $150,000, and not see the result of the couple. This only will pertain to certain weeks. Also, if the house blacks out at a match-up ceremony, their money will decrease by 50% each time instead of", "title": "Are You the One?" }, { "id": "19269383", "text": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest running original series. The season consisted of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes aired in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes aired from April 2017. The season's premiere aired on June 21, 2016 on Freeform. Production and filming began in the end of March 2016, which was confirmed by showrunner I.", "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)" }, { "id": "19269404", "text": "on the show since towards the end of the fifth season. Pretty Little Liars (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest running original series. The season consisted of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes aired in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes aired from April 2017. The season's premiere aired on June 21, 2016 on Freeform. Production and filming began in", "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)" }, { "id": "19269393", "text": "was ordered with the sixth season on June 10, 2014, right before the fifth-season premiere aired, which made Pretty Little Liars ABC Family's longest running original series, surpassing \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\", which was ABC Family's previous longest running original series. The season will consist of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes will air in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes beginning to air in April 2017. Charlie Craig, who served as writer/consulting producer on the second season, will return for the seventh season as executive producer/co-showrunner. I. Marlene King revealed the title of", "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)" }, { "id": "20904723", "text": "Last Man Standing (season 7) The seventh season of the American television comedy series \"Last Man Standing\" premiered on Fox on September 28, 2018. The season is produced by 21 Laps-Adelstein Productions. \"Last Man Standing\" previously aired on ABC before being cancelled after six seasons in May 2017. However, Fox picked up the series for a seventh season a year later in May 2018. This season saw changes to the series' main cast. Molly Ephraim and Flynn Morrison, who play Mandy Baxter and Boyd Baxter respectively, exited the series. The roles were later recast with Molly McCook and Jet Jurgensmeyer", "title": "Last Man Standing (season 7)" }, { "id": "17014831", "text": "the series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on", "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)" }, { "id": "20904724", "text": "portraying the characters. Additionally, Kaitlyn Dever, who plays Eve Baxter, was reduced to recurring status due to other commitments. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Last Man Standing (season 7) The seventh season of the American television comedy series \"Last Man Standing\" premiered on Fox on September 28, 2018. The season is produced by 21 Laps-Adelstein Productions. \"Last Man Standing\" previously aired on ABC before being cancelled after six seasons in May 2017. However, Fox picked up the series for a seventh season a year later in May 2018. This season saw changes to the series' main cast. Molly Ephraim and Flynn Morrison, who", "title": "Last Man Standing (season 7)" }, { "id": "15187127", "text": "name of the show back to \"Fei Cheng Wu Rao\" On April 1, 2017. Jiangsu Television announced that the final episode of If You Are The One in the original format had aired on March 25 with the filming of shows suspended since January, announcing a temporary suspension of the show as it undergoes reformatting for a relaunch late in May. Meng Fei will continue as host of the revised format of the show. The revised version was first aired on May 13, 2017. Twenty-four women stand in an arc, each behind a podium with a light that they initially", "title": "If You Are the One (game show)" }, { "id": "20053753", "text": "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 7) The seventh season of the animated television series \"\", developed by Lauren Faust, originally aired on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or \"G4\", of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 7 of the series premiered on April 15, 2017 on Discovery Family, an American pay television channel partly owned by Hasbro, and concluded on October 28, twenty-two days after \"\" was released in", "title": "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 7)" }, { "id": "18089820", "text": "on the Disney Junior block on Disney Channel on December 26, and on the Disney Junior channel in 2015. In Canada, the series began broadcast on July 13 on Disney XD. It premiered on Disney Channel in Southeast Asia on September 7. In Australia, Disney XD began broadcasting the series on December 1. On December 2, 2014, the series was renewed for a second season, where Ruegger planned to make 39 half-hour episodes. The season premiered on Disney XD on January 23, 2016. The season is slated to have guest stars Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne to play Hildy's parents, Fran", "title": "The 7D" }, { "id": "20174821", "text": "the Heart\" premiered on May 23, 2017 to an audience of 0.85 million Americans, acquiring a 0.4 rating/share among adults 18–49, a decrease from the previous episode, and the lower rating in the season until then. In the Eye Abides the Heart \"In the Eye Abides the Heart\" is the 155th episode overall and the fifteenth episode of the seventh season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", which premiered on May 23, 2017, on the cable network Freeform. It was directed by cast member Troian Bellisario and written by executive producer Joseph Dougherty. The installment received a Nielsen rating of 0.4 and", "title": "In the Eye Abides the Heart" }, { "id": "1571218", "text": "third season premiered on Netflix on August 4, 2017, and consisted of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes.[5] The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. The 7th season premiered August 10th 2018 and consists of 13 episodes. The 8th and final season is set to release on December 14th, 2018 and will consist of 13 episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. In Australia, DVDs", "title": "Voltron" }, { "id": "19539166", "text": "They planned to develop this series at least until 5 seasons, then the films will follow. The first episode was broadcast on April 8, 2016, with the second and third episodes shown on April 15 and April 22 respectively. It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3. Fourth, fifth and sixth episodes shown on July 22, July 29, and August 5 respectively. Seventh to ninth episodes are shown on October 28, 2016 for three consecutive weeks. Tenth to twelfth episodes are shown on December 30, 2016, January 6 and January 13, 2017. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season", "title": "Ejen Ali" }, { "id": "16347571", "text": "aired. In a similar manner, a 12-episode fourth season was announced before the airing of the third season on 27 February 2015. It began airing from 10 May 2016. Cormack confirmed a fifth season had been commissioned on 19 July. The twelve-part series premiered on 4 April 2017. On 9 May 2017, Showcase announced that the series has been renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on 19 June 2018. A seventh season was commissioned in April 2018, before the sixth-season premiere, with filming commencing the following week and a premiere set for 2019. On 5 December 2018, it was", "title": "Wentworth (TV series)" }, { "id": "10411020", "text": "Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd", "title": "2007 Nashville Kats season" }, { "id": "17694469", "text": "a full series in 2014. This began airing on 26 December 2014 and finished on 25 January 2015. Series 2 began on 26 December 2015 with a run of 6 episodes and finished on 26 January 2016, Season 3 which began airing on 26 December 2016 with 7 episodes, Season 4 which began airing on 28 December 2017, followed by Season 5 starting on 7 October 2018 Although filmed and broadcast in High-definition, no Blu-ray releases have been announced to date. Series One and the 2013 Christmas Special was released on DVD on 2 February 2015 by 2 entertain. Still", "title": "Still Open All Hours" }, { "id": "13614588", "text": "series in 2013. Season 6 premiered on March 8, 2015. Season 7 premiered on July 26, 2015. This season featured Ginnifer Goodwin, J. K. Rowling, Alfre Woodard, Bryan Cranston, and Tom Bergeron. Rowling's episode was an edited version of her appearance on the original BBC series in 2011. Season 8 premiered on April 3, 2016. The list of celebrity participants included Aisha Tyler, Scott Foley, Lea Michele, Chris Noth, Katey Sagal, and Molly Ringwald. On June 9, 2016, the series was renewed for a ninth season to consist of 8 episodes which premiered on March 5, 2017. The list of", "title": "Who Do You Think You Are? (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "2721284", "text": "a video on demand and catch up TV service wholly owned and run by the Seven Network. It launched on 27 November 2017 as a replacement for PLUS7, a catch-up TV service jointly owned by Seven Network and Yahoo! which closed on 31 March 2018. It offers on demand episodes of television series and a live streaming service providing live access to Seven, 7TWO, 7mate, 7flix and Racing.com. Following the acquisition of Yahoo! by Verizon Communications in June 2017, Seven announced plans to launch a wholly owned standalone service to replace PLUS7 within the following six months. In September 2017,", "title": "Seven Network" }, { "id": "10409701", "text": "3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:", "title": "2007 Orlando Predators season" }, { "id": "19721949", "text": "The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary. On May 1, 2018, the show moved to the Disney Channel, with new episodes airing on Fridays beginning May 4, 2018. In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017. The full series debuted on March 1, 2018 on Disney XD. In Indonesia,", "title": "DuckTales (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "10416126", "text": "Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:", "title": "2007 Utah Blaze season" }, { "id": "5789133", "text": "to February 4, 2015 on MTV2. The 7th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from June 10, 2015 to January 6, 2016 on MTV2. There are also stand up specials after the episodes in this season are finished. The 8th season contains a total of 21 episodes which were broadcast from August 4, 2016 to April 20, 2017 on MTV, marking the first time in almost a decade that the show aired new episodes on its original network. The 9th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from June 29 to October 5,", "title": "Wild 'n Out" }, { "id": "20287432", "text": "The Voice UK (series 7) The Voice UK is a British television music competition to find new signing talent. The seventh series began airing on 6 January 2018 and concluded on 7 April 2018. It was presented by Emma Willis on ITV. will.i.am, Jennifer Hudson and Sir Tom Jones return for their seventh, second and sixth series, respectively, with Olly Murs replacing Gavin Rossdale as a new coach for the series. Previous runner-up Jamie Miller replaced Cel Spellman as the presenter of companion show, \"The V Room\", broadcast through the ITV Hub. On 6 March 2017, it was announced that", "title": "The Voice UK (series 7)" }, { "id": "14195696", "text": "to begin filming in London in 2016. On April 11, 2016, Season 5 was confirmed to be the show's last; it consists of seven episodes and premiered on August 20, 2017. The series finale, Season 5's \"Episode Seven\", aired on October 8, 2017. \"Episodes\" has received positive reviews by critics, with specific praise being given to the performances of stars Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Greig, and Matt LeBlanc. For his performance in the series Matt LeBlanc won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards. After married", "title": "Episodes (TV series)" }, { "id": "10409773", "text": "Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd", "title": "2007 Dallas Desperados season" }, { "id": "20357010", "text": "series regulars for the upcoming season. Filming began in June 2017. On June 9, 2017, it was reported that Alexa Bliss and Nia Jax would be joining the upcoming season of \"Total Divas\". However, the rest of the seventh season cast is still to be announced. On June 10, 2017, Renee Young confirmed via Twitter that she will not be returning for the seventh season. In a recent interview, it was confirmed Lana would be returning to the show for the upcoming season, along with her storyline of becoming an independent superstar on the \"SmackDown Live\" brand. On June 29,", "title": "Total Divas (season 7)" }, { "id": "10409878", "text": "Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th", "title": "2007 New York Dragons season" }, { "id": "5040584", "text": "seventh season began airing in October 2016. The eighth season, consisting of 12 episodes, went into production in May 2017; it premiered on November 5, 2017. The series was renewed for a ninth season which premiered on September 9, 2018. Monaghan announced via Instagram that he would be leaving the series following the sixth episode of the ninth season. In addition to his role on \"Shameless\", Monaghan has continued to appear in a variety of episodic television roles. In 2011, he guest-starred as Nick Peyton, a teenage boy accused of murdering his Marine father, on the CBS crime series \"NCIS\".", "title": "Cameron Monaghan" }, { "id": "2195437", "text": "losing political backing. He drops the case which leaves Dutch feeling disheartened. In November 2012, all seven seasons were made available for purchase on iTunes. On February 26, 2013, Amazon.com announced the addition of the series to its Prime service. All seven seasons are available on Netflix throughout Latin America. The first five seasons were originally distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment for region 1. However, in 2008, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment became the rights holders for the DVDs. They released season 6 and re-released seasons 1–5 in slimmer packaging in 2008, and released season 7 in 2009. International", "title": "The Shield" }, { "id": "17932648", "text": "of the 32nd season of \"Real World\", \". Devin Walker-Molaghan & Rashida Beach returned for the \"Are You The One?: Second Chances\" and finished in 1st place earning themselves $170,000. Filmed in Maui, Hawaii. Season four premiered on June 13, 2016. Confirmed Perfect Match Unconfirmed Perfect Match Once the truth booth confirms a perfect match, that couple will go to the honeymoon suite and will automatically be paired up for the remainder of the match ceremonies. Due to the blackout in Episode 8, the whole cast lost $250,000, lowering the total money at the end to $750,000, instead of $1,000,000.", "title": "Are You the One?" }, { "id": "20154411", "text": "\"no longer in charge.\" Former main cast member Jennifer Morrison has confirmed that she has agreed to return for one episode, later revealed to be the second episode of the season. Morrison announced her last filming day on July 19, 2017. On July 22, it was confirmed that Emilie de Ravin would return for the fourth episode in the seventh season. In March 2017, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were cast for unknown guest roles in the season six finale. During the episode, it was revealed that West was portraying an adult Henry Mills, while Fernandez portrayed his daughter,", "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 7)" }, { "id": "20613397", "text": "on the show and released singles to coincide with the airing of the episodes. Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (season 7) The seventh season of the reality television series \"\" premiered on VH1 on March 19, 2018 until July 16, 2018. The show was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. It is executively produced by Mona Scott-Young and Stephanie R. Gayle for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud, Stefan Springman, David DiGangi, Lashan Browning and Donna Edge-Rachell for Eastern TV, and Nina L. Diaz, Liz Fine and Vivian Gomez for VH1. The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the", "title": "Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (season 7)" }, { "id": "13373274", "text": "picked up the series for a seventh season, renewing the contracts of the main cast at the same time. ABC renewed the series for season eight with a 22-episode order, later expanded to 23 episodes in December 2016. The series was renewed for a ninth season on January 25, 2017, with filming beginning on August 15, 2017. On August 2, 2017, it was announced that the series would end after its ninth season, at the request of the series' creators. The one-hour series finale aired on May 22, 2018. \"The Middle\" premiered in the U.S. on September 30, 2009, on", "title": "The Middle (TV series)" }, { "id": "13250734", "text": "Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton would not be returning for the seventh season. On June 8, 2009, it was announced that the seventh season will occur fourteen months into the future from the sixth season finale. On September 29, 2009 The CW ordered a full season, set to total at 22 episodes. This season includes three new characters portrayed by Robert Buckley, Shantel VanSanten, and Jana Kramer. Buckley is featured as Clayton, Nathan's agent and friend. VanSanten is featured as Haley's sister Quinn James. Kramer is featured as Alex, a model for Brooke fashion line, \"Clothes Over Bros\". Returning are", "title": "One Tree Hill (season 7)" }, { "id": "15451024", "text": "on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The eighth season premiered on September 12, 2018 and concluded on November", "title": "American Horror Story" }, { "id": "1450944", "text": "Common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The current year, 2018, is a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2007 and the next such year will be 2029, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1900, was also a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. See below for more. Any common", "title": "Common year starting on Monday" }, { "id": "20569237", "text": "who is also an actress. Fernandez received her education in acting for Theater, singing and choreography at the A Class Act N.Y. Fernandez played Zara Amaro, Nick Amaro's daughter in \"\" in 2011. She made her film debut in the 2014 film \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" as Rosa Mendez. In 2016 she landed guest starring roles on three shows, \"Fresh Off the Boat\", \"Another Period\" and \"Jane the Virgin\". In 2017 she guest starred on \"Once Upon a Time\" as Lucy, and then had a regular starring role in the 7th season. She appeared in the X-Men film \"Logan\" as", "title": "Alison Fernandez" }, { "id": "20154413", "text": "played by Jessy Schram for the first six seasons. On July 22 at San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that Anwar and Kane will be portraying Lady Tremaine and Drizella, respectively. Cox would be portraying Tiana from \"The Princess and the Frog\", while Reynolds would be playing an alternate version of Alice, a character previously heavily featured in the spin-off \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.\" In August 2017, Cox was promoted to series regular. On August 1, it was announced that Giles Matthey would return as an adult Gideon for the season's fourth episode. The episode, also featuring Emilie", "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 7)" }, { "id": "20102508", "text": "March 28, 2018 to April 25, 2018, concluding the season with a 120-minute finale that would see the departure of both Markle and Adams. At the same time, the show was officially renewed for its eighth season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Suits (season 7) The seventh season of the American legal drama \"Suits\" was ordered on August 3, 2016, and started airing on USA Network in the United States July 12, 2017. The season has five series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Specter Litt law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, and Sarah Rafferty. Gina", "title": "Suits (season 7)" }, { "id": "16353428", "text": "premiere. On March 25, 2016, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on October 2, 2016. On May 13, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a sixth season. On November 29, 2017, CBS ordered an additional eight episodes bringing the sixth season total up to 21. It premiered on April 30, 2018. On May 12, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a seventh season. On December 17, 2018, it was announced that the series would conclude after the upcoming seventh season. Following his fall from grace in London and a stint in rehab, a modern Sherlock Holmes", "title": "Elementary (TV series)" }, { "id": "8561933", "text": "also featured in the hit TV series, \"Entourage\" in season 5 episode 1 during the closing credits (http://www.songdetective.com/every-end-credit-song-from-entourage-ever/4/). 7 and 7 Is \"7 and 7 Is\" is a song written by Arthur Lee and recorded by his band Love on June 17 & 20, 1966, at Sunset Sound Recorders in Hollywood. It was produced by Jac Holzman and engineered by Bruce Botnick. The song was released as the A-side of Elektra single 45605 in July, 1966. The B-side was \"No. Fourteen\", an outtake from the band's earlier recordings. \"7 and 7 Is\" made the \"Billboard\" Pop Singles chart on July", "title": "7 and 7 Is" }, { "id": "19539167", "text": "1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.", "title": "Ejen Ali" }, { "id": "17014832", "text": "August 14, 2018. On September 11, 2018, OWN announced the fourth half of the season, which premiered on October 2, 2018, on October 9, 2018, OWN announced the countdown to the season 6 finale, set to air November 6, 2018. The series has been renewed for a seventh season which is now filming. The seventh season is set to premiere on January 8, 2019. The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich, powerful, and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families (dubbed \"The Haves\") and the poor and destitute", "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)" }, { "id": "20123827", "text": "Chart at number one, a first for DJ Khaled, Quavo, Lil Wayne, and Chance the Rapper; it was Bieber's fifth chart-topping song in the UK. It also entered at number one in Australia, Scotland, and Canada, and debuted in the top ten in countries including Germany, Ireland, and New Zealand. The song's accompanying music video premiered on April 28, 2017 on Khaled's Vevo account on YouTube. Models Alexa Lawrence and Iryna Ivanova and Quavo's fellow Migos members, Offset and Takeoff, make cameo appearances in the video. As of September 2018, it has received over 1.1 billion views on YouTube. The", "title": "I'm the One (DJ Khaled song)" }, { "id": "14075900", "text": "Portwood, who were featured on the first season of \"16 and Pregnant\".\"Are You the One?\" participant Cheyenne Floyd and television personality Bristol Palin in the second half of the seventh season. The show's success has allowed for the development of the spin-offs \"Teen Mom 2\", \"Teen Mom 3\", and \"\". An aspiring model, Farrah Abraham (from Council Bluffs, Iowa) is the mother of Sophia Laurent Abraham, whose father, Derek Underwood, was killed in a car accident on December 28, 2008, two months before her birth. In January 2010, Farrah's mother, Debra Danielson, was charged with assault in an Iowa court", "title": "Teen Mom" }, { "id": "5789134", "text": "2017 on MTV. The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV. The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018. The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV. The 13th season had filmed in Atlanta from October 29 to November 11, 2018 and will air sometime in 2019 on MTV. Wild 'n Out Nick Cannon Presents:", "title": "Wild 'n Out" }, { "id": "20154403", "text": "Once Upon a Time (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American ABC fantasy-drama \"Once Upon a Time\" was ordered on May 11, 2017. It consisted of 22 episodes, airing on Fridays, having premiered on October 6, 2017. This season marked a significant change for the series, as it was announced at the end of the sixth season that the majority of the main cast members would not be returning for season 7. Lana Parrilla, Colin O'Donoghue, and Robert Carlyle were the only ones remaining. Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were announced as new regulars in May", "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 7)" }, { "id": "20879918", "text": "Chicago Fire (season 7) The seventh season of \"Chicago Fire\", an American drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas and Matt Olmstead, was ordered on May 9, 2018, by NBC. The season premiered on September 26, 2018 with a timeslot change from Thursday at 10:00 p.m. to Wednesday at 9:00 p.m. The season is set to contain 22 episodes. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> On May 15, 2018, longtime cast member Monica Raymund who plays Paramedic Gabriela Dawson, announced her departure from the series citing not to extend her current contract. On September 21, 2018, NBC announced that", "title": "Chicago Fire (season 7)" }, { "id": "14516925", "text": "on [[E4 (channel)|E4]] on Sunday nights at 10pm, and on [[Channel 4]] on Wednesday nights at 10pm. Viewers in millions. These 4 episodes aired at the later time of 10.30pm on [[Channel 4]]. The show took a break at Christmas until April and eventually returned to its previous time-slots of airing on E4 on Sundays, and on Channel 4 on Wednesdays. The series eventually returned on April 13, 2011 on Channel 4 and E4 from Sunday, April 17, 2011. The Seventh Season began in New Zealand on 14 February 2011 around the time it always has in the 8:30pm Monday", "title": "Desperate Housewives (season 7)" }, { "id": "20613390", "text": "Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (season 7) The seventh season of the reality television series \"\" premiered on VH1 on March 19, 2018 until July 16, 2018. The show was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. It is executively produced by Mona Scott-Young and Stephanie R. Gayle for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud, Stefan Springman, David DiGangi, Lashan Browning and Donna Edge-Rachell for Eastern TV, and Nina L. Diaz, Liz Fine and Vivian Gomez for VH1. The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the Atlanta area, involved in hip hop music. It consists of 18 episodes, including a", "title": "Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (season 7)" }, { "id": "5189953", "text": "The performance lasted from May 18 to July 1, 2017. On May 8, 2017, Morrison announced via social media that she would not be returning to \"Once Upon a Time\" as a series regular for season seven, while also noting that she had agreed to return as a guest for one episode. That one episode was the season's second episode, which aired in October 2017. However, she ultimately returned for the series finale, which aired in May 2018. Morrison co-starred in \"\" as Candice. Originally shot in 2014, the film was ultimately released on Google Play on October 12, 2017,", "title": "Jennifer Morrison" }, { "id": "19537516", "text": "India's Got Talent (season 7) The seventh season of India's Got Talent premiered on 30 April 2016. Bharti Singh and Siddharth Shukla returned to present the show. Malaika Arora Khan and Karan Johar returned for their fourth season, while Kirron Kher returned for her seventh season. The show is presented by Maruti Suzuki and powered by L'Oréal Paris once again. The show was broadcast every weekend, Saturday-Sunday at 9 pm (IST) and had its \"Grand Finale\" on July 9, 2016; with \"Suleiman\" being declared as the latest winner of the series. The golden buzzer returned for its third series. This", "title": "India's Got Talent (season 7)" }, { "id": "20287438", "text": "from 8.30pm to 10:00pm. This episode will air from 8:30pm to 10:10pm. Group performance: The Voice UK coaches – \"Come Together\" Official ratings are taken from BARB. The Voice UK (series 7) The Voice UK is a British television music competition to find new signing talent. The seventh series began airing on 6 January 2018 and concluded on 7 April 2018. It was presented by Emma Willis on ITV. will.i.am, Jennifer Hudson and Sir Tom Jones return for their seventh, second and sixth series, respectively, with Olly Murs replacing Gavin Rossdale as a new coach for the series. Previous runner-up", "title": "The Voice UK (series 7)" }, { "id": "17438868", "text": "Are You...? \"Are You...?\" is the first episode of the seventh season of the Showtime television series \"Dexter\" and the seventy-third episode overall. The episode originally aired on September 30, 2012. It was directed by John Dahl and written by newly appointed showrunner Scott Buck. The series revolves around Dexter Morgan (portrayed by Michael C. Hall), a psychopathic serial killer who was raised by his adoptive father, Harry (James Remar), to adhere to a \"Code.\" Known to Dexter as \"Harry's Code\", this set of rules states that Dexter only kill criminals who deserve it, usually ones who have escaped legal", "title": "Are You...?" }, { "id": "18778093", "text": "on November 24, 2016. The remaining 10 episodes of the third season aired from January 21, 2017 to February 18, 2017. Four special episodes aired from June 26, 2017 to June 29, 2017, marking the end of the series. There is an English-language version of the series being broadcast in Middle Eastern regions, Nordic countries, Hungary and Czech Republic, and South Africa. In South Africa, Season 1 first aired from March 3, 2016 to May 26, 2016; Season 2 from July 7, 2016 to November 3, 2016; Season 3 Part 1 from April 3, 2017 to April 14, 2017; and", "title": "Alex & Co." }, { "id": "157544", "text": "a dozen Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series. By the end of 2016, all seasons up to season 6 (which premiered on April 24, 2016) had been aired on HBO and all seasons had been released on DVD and/or Blu-ray for home viewing (see List of Game of Thrones episodes). The company confirmed on July 18, 2016 that season 7 would consist of seven episodes instead of the usual ten, and would premiere later than usual, in mid-2017, because of the later filming schedule. This was necessary in order to be shooting during the winter season in Europe. Season 7", "title": "George R. R. Martin" }, { "id": "19016610", "text": "rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research. Note: ABC aired \"Dancing with the Stars\" on Tuesday from September 20 to October 4. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: 2016–17 United States network television schedule The 2016–17 network television schedule for the five major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers prime time hours from September 2016 to August 2017. The schedule is", "title": "2016–17 United States network television schedule" }, { "id": "20794103", "text": "on The CW in the United States on October 15, 2018. The main cast of the season as well as executive producer Beth Schwartz attended San Diego Comic-Con on July 21, 2018 to promote the season. The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 96% approval rating for the seventh season, with an average rating of 7.7/10 based on 85 reviews. Reviewing for \"Den of Geek\", Delia Harrington gave the premiere a rating of 3/5. She opined that Roy's inclusion in the season made his \"moving sendoff\" with Thea from last season feel \"cheap\" and that she remained \"cautious\" about", "title": "Arrow (season 7)" }, { "id": "17932642", "text": "well as the opportunity to learn in the \"truth booth\" if a given couple is a correct match. At the end of each episode, the contestants pair up in a \"matching ceremony\" and learn how many perfect matches they have, but not which matches are correct. From season 3 onward, the prize was reduced any time that the house failed to identify any matches other than those already confirmed via the truth booth. On March 22, 2017, spin-off \"Are You The One: Second Chances\" premiered. 10 perfect matches from previous seasons returned to compete in tasks designed to test the", "title": "Are You the One?" }, { "id": "20341536", "text": "Vocea României (season 7) The seventh season of the Romanian reality talent show \"Vocea României\" premiered on ProTV on September 8, 2017. Pavel Bartoș returned as host. Loredana Groza, Smiley and Tudor Chirilă returned as coaches, while Adrian Despot replaced Marius Moga as the fourth coach. The season finale aired on December 15, 2017. Ana Munteanu, mentored by Smiley, was declared winner of the season. It was Smiley's second victory as a coach. The open call auditions were held in the following locations: The first episode aired on September 8, 2017. The second episode aired on September 10, 2017. The", "title": "Vocea României (season 7)" }, { "id": "2721285", "text": "Seven announced the new service would be known as 7plus and would launch in November 2017. The service is available in HD, and there are plans to add Chromecast and Apple Airplay support at a later date. AFL premiership season and Summer of Cricket matches are not accessible through the 7plus live streaming service due to the digital broadcast rights being owned by Telstra Media and replaces \"Border Security International\" until the matches is over and return to normal programming. PLUS7 was a catch up TV service run by the Seven Network through its Yahoo7 joint venture with Yahoo!. The", "title": "Seven Network" }, { "id": "20154404", "text": "2017. Dania Ramirez and Gabrielle Anwar were announced as additional regulars in July 2017. In August 2017, it was announced that Mekia Cox had been promoted to series regular after initially joining the cast in July as recurring. The storyline was softly rebooted with a main narrative led by an adult Henry Mills, set several years after last season's events. In February 2018, it was announced the seventh season would serve as the final season of the series; the season and series concluded on May 18, 2018. Several years after the Final Battle, Henry Mills leaves Storybrooke in search of", "title": "Once Upon a Time (season 7)" }, { "id": "14728868", "text": "Region 2 on September 11, 2006 and then in Region 1 on November 7, 2006. All episodes from the season are available to purchase and download to registered users of iTunes Stores in certain countries and in the US through Amazon Video on Demand. In Canada, the seventh season was due to be simulcast on CTV; however, CTV dropped the series. In the United Kingdom the season premiered on March 10, 2006 on More4. The season was produced by John Wells Productions in association with Warner Bros. Television. The executive producers were the production company's namesake and founder John Wells,", "title": "The West Wing (season 7)" }, { "id": "19939298", "text": "August 2016. The series started filming in Salt Lake City in September 2016, and finished filming in December 2016. The first episode became available on the Disney Channel App, On-Demand, Disney Channel's YouTube, iTunes, Amazon, and Google Play on March 10, 2017, while the second episode became available the same day via Disney Channel On-Demand as well as to subscribers using the Disney Channel App. The series premiered on Disney Channel on April 7, 2017. A total of 13 episodes were ordered for the first season; however, only 12 episodes were aired. Disney Channel renewed the series for a second", "title": "Andi Mack" }, { "id": "18294441", "text": "season officially premiered on August 6, 2015. The series was officially renewed for a seventh season on July 25, 2014 at the San Diego Comic-Con International event. \"Regular Show\" and \"Adventure Time\" are the first Cartoon Network series to be renewed for a seventh season. Toby Jones announced on June 21, 2015 that the previous season would only contain 31 episodes because of the production of the upcoming movie and that season seven would have 40 episodes, making \"Dumptown U.S.A.\" the season premiere, with the rest of the season officially beginning later in the year. The writer and storyboard artists", "title": "Regular Show (season 7)" }, { "id": "10085180", "text": "24 (season 7) The seventh season of the American drama television series \"24\", also known as Day 7, premiered in the United States on Fox on January 11, 2009, and concluded on May 18, 2009. The season was originally scheduled to premiere on January 13, 2008, but was delayed due to the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike. On November 23, 2008, Fox aired \"\", a two-hour TV movie set between seasons. Unlike all of the other seasons, this season's DVD set was released one day after the season finale. The season's storyline begins and ends at 8:00 a.m. The", "title": "24 (season 7)" }, { "id": "19720710", "text": "immediate speculation of the iPhone 7's upcoming announcement. The iPhone 7 was officially announced at that event, with pre-orders beginning September 9, and general availability on September 16. The iPhone 7 launched in 30 new countries later in September, with further international rollouts throughout October and November 2016. Indonesia was the last country to release the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, with availability starting on March 31, 2017, following Apple's research and development investment in the country. On March 21, 2017, Apple announced an iPhone 7 with a red color finish (and white front), as part of its partnership with", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "id": "20667443", "text": "New Girl (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American comedy series \"New Girl\" premiered April 10, 2018 on Fox at 9:30pm (Eastern). Developed by Elizabeth Meriwether under the working title \"Chicks & Dicks\", the series revolves around offbeat teacher Jess (Zooey Deschanel) after her moving into an LA loft with three men, Nick (Jake Johnson), Schmidt (Max Greenfield), and Winston (Lamorne Morris); Jess's best friend Cece (Hannah Simone) also appears regularly. The characters, who are in their thirties, deal with maturing relationships and career choices. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds an", "title": "New Girl (season 7)" }, { "id": "20137919", "text": "7 Series (EP) 7 Series is the second extended play by American rapper Kid Ink. It was released on May 5, 2017, by Tha Alumni Music Group, 88 Classic and RCA Records. It features guest appearances from Starrah, Ty Dolla Sign and 2 Chainz, with production from DJ Mustard, Murda Beatz, Dez Wright, and RetroFuture, among others. The lead single, \"F With U\" was released on April 7, 2017 and the music video was later released on On May 4, 2017. Two promotional singles, \"Lottery\" and \"Supersoaka\" were released on April 21, 2017 and April 28, 2017, respectively. Credits adapted", "title": "7 Series (EP)" }, { "id": "6656960", "text": "show, seasons seven and eight were released on November 18, 2014, with nine and ten released on April 7, 2015, eleven released on August 25, 2015, twelve released on September 22, 2015, and thirteen released (also Blu-ray) on October 20, 2015. Netflix streamed all episodes, but stopped streaming on October 1, 2013 and in early 2017 the series was removed from iTunes and Google Play without explanation, though it returned to the latter later that year. As of May 2018, all episodes were again removed from Google Play without explanation. On November 1, 2018, all episodes became available for streaming", "title": "King of the Hill" }, { "id": "13250736", "text": "character's mother, played by Bess Armstrong will also return. The season averaged 2.28 million viewers and a 1.1 average Adults 18–49 rating placing it at #118 in the 2009–10 season. The DVD release of season seven was released after the season has completed broadcast on television. It has been released in Region 1 and Region 2 and Region 4. As well as every episode from the season, the DVD release features bonus material such as audio commentaries on some episodes from the creator and cast, deleted scenes, gag reels and behind-the-scenes featurettes. http://www.onetreehillweb.net/ One Tree Hill (season 7) The seventh", "title": "One Tree Hill (season 7)" }, { "id": "10085197", "text": "as January 13, 2008. Just eleven days later, on November 5, 2007, the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike began. Rather than airing the eight completed episodes, Fox executives immediately postponed the season to ensure that it \"can air uninterrupted, in its entirety.\" Fox scheduling chief, Preston Blackman, admitted \"It's not a decision we wanted to make, but it's one based on how we feel the viewers expect us to schedule the show.\" Following the conclusion of the writers strike, production resumed on April 22, 2008. Kiefer Sutherland claims the strike was beneficial to the show: \"The time allowed us", "title": "24 (season 7)" }, { "id": "16255733", "text": "July 2012. The show was renewed for a second series of 12 episodes which aired in 2013. A third was announced in January 2014 and consisted of 10 episodes, shown weekly from 12 February 2014. A fourth series premiered later in the same year on 24 September 2014 and the fifth series premiered on 11 February 2015. A sixth season debuted on 11 May 2016. The show's seventh season commenced on 21 June 2017. An eighth season debuted on 31 January 2018, with a ninth season running from September 2018. A tenth season was confirmed for July 2019 by Micallef", "title": "Shaun Micallef's Mad as Hell" }, { "id": "1450716", "text": "Common year starting on Sunday A common year starting on Sunday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Sunday, 1 January, and ends on Sunday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is A. The most recent year of such kind was 2017 and the next one will be 2023 in the Gregorian calendar, or, likewise, 2018 and 2029 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. Any common year that starts on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday has two Friday the 13ths. This common year contains two Friday the 13ths in January and October.", "title": "Common year starting on Sunday" }, { "id": "20287436", "text": "for the blind auditions. Colour key: On 14 December 2017, it was announced by ITV that the seventh series would begin broadcasting on 6 January 2018. The series premiere aired from 8.00pm until 9.35pm. This episode aired from 8.00pm until 9.30pm. This episode aired from 8.00pm until 9.30pm. This episode aired from 8.00pm until 9.30pm. This episode aired from 8.00pm until 9.30pm. This episode aired from 8.15pm until 9.45pm. This episode aired from 8.00pm until 9.30pm. Filming for the battles began in December 2017 at dock10, MediaCityUK, following the taping of the blind auditions. Each coach has only one steal.", "title": "The Voice UK (series 7)" }, { "id": "10085202", "text": "putting too much real world politics into what in the past has been great escapist entertainment.\" On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the seventh season scored 72 out of 100, based on 21 reviews, indicating \"Generally favorable reviews\". The seventh season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on and in region 2 on . 24 (season 7) The seventh season of the American drama television series \"24\", also known as Day 7, premiered in the United States on Fox on January 11, 2009, and concluded on May 18, 2009. The season was originally scheduled to premiere on", "title": "24 (season 7)" }, { "id": "19991023", "text": "The album's lead single, \"Shining\", was released on February 12, 2017. It features guest vocals from American singer Beyoncé, and American rapper Jay-Z, with production by Khaled himself, and Danja; as well as it was also co-written by Canadian singer PartyNextDoor. It premiered following the 59th Annual Grammy Awards, peaking at number 57 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"I'm the One\" was released as the album's second single on April 28, 2017. The song features guest appearances from Canadian singer Justin Bieber, alongside American rappers Quavo, Chance the Rapper, and Lil Wayne. It also saw production from Khaled himself,", "title": "Grateful (DJ Khaled album)" }, { "id": "20488783", "text": "intelligence community who were arrested under President Keane's orders the previous season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a seventh and eighth season in August 2016. For this season, Maury Sterling, Jake Weber and Linus Roache were promoted to series regulars; Sterling has been recurring since the first season, while Weber and Roache both first appeared in the sixth season. The seventh season began production on September 11, 2017, filming in Richmond, Virginia. Filming wrapped in Budapest, Hungary on March 29, 2018. The writers initially planned for the series' seventh and eighth seasons to comprise a two-season arc, but current", "title": "Homeland (season 7)" }, { "id": "19313870", "text": "K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\" had its worldwide television premiere in the US on Cartoon Network on August 1, 2017, and aired on sister network Boomerang from August 7 to September 1, 2017. In Canada, it premiered on August 1 on Cartoon Network and on September 4 on Teletoon. In Africa, the shorts were released on September 11 and the full series premiered on November 18, 2017. It premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 9, 2017. It premiered in Australia and New Zealand and the Philippines on January 6, 2018 and in Southeast Asia on January 20, 2018. A", "title": "OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes" }, { "id": "1647178", "text": "2013, to the highest ratings in MTV2 history. It was renewed for season 6 and 7, which is currently airing in two blocks, the 2nd to resume late 2015, or early 2016. On November 4, 2013, Cannon was the master of ceremonies as well as an honoree at the annual Ebony Magazine Power 100 Awards. In 2014, he began hosting Caught on Camera with Nick Cannon on NBC. On August 4, 2016, \"Wild 'N Out\" returned for its 8th season after three record-breaking seasons. From 2009 to 2016, Cannon served as the host of \"America's Got Talent\". He announced he", "title": "Nick Cannon" }, { "id": "20794091", "text": "Arrow (season 7) The seventh season of the American television series \"Arrow\", which is based on the DC Comics character Oliver Queen / Green Arrow, premiered on The CW on October 15, 2018 and is set to consist of 22 episodes. The season follows Oliver, a former billionaire businessman and politician, and the aftermath of outing himself as a vigilante. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe. The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment. This is the first season with Beth Schwartz as showrunner following", "title": "Arrow (season 7)" }, { "id": "18626976", "text": "The series premiered in Australia on 15 September 2015 on the Seven Network and premiered in New Zealand on 5 November 2015 on TVNZ 1. In the United States, the series premiered on Acorn TV in 2016 and PBS in March 2017. The series premiered in Finland on YLE TV1 in June 2017. In the UK, the first two series were broadcast on BBC One in April and May 2018. Season one along with part one and two of season two are available on iTunes in Australia. On 8 January 2018, Zomer in Zeeland (translated: \"Summer in Zeeland\") premiered on", "title": "800 Words" }, { "id": "1454648", "text": "with the season finale in November/December, as it goes off air for two months during the Christmas and New Year period. All aired episodes shown during the week are available to watch on the Seven Network's 7plus app, as part of their catch up TV service. They are also broadcast in an omnibus edition each Sunday on Seven's digital multichannel 7Two. When the show first began in 1988, it aired at 5:30 pm in Adelaide, at 6:00 pm in Melbourne and Sydney, at 6:30 pm in Brisbane, and at 7:00 pm in Perth. In January 1992, Seven moved \"Home and", "title": "Home and Away" }, { "id": "18615737", "text": "One Last Ride \"One Last Ride\" is the series finale of the television sitcom \"Parks and Recreation\". The episode serves as the twelfth and thirteenth episodes of season 7 and the 124th & 125th overall episode of the series. It was written by lead actress Amy Poehler and series co-creator Michael Schur, the latter who also directed the episode. The series finale first aired on NBC in the United States on February 24, 2015, when it was watched by 4.15 million viewers, making it the most watched episode of the season and the highest rated episode since \"Campaign Ad\" of", "title": "One Last Ride" }, { "id": "16747773", "text": "12, 2015. A third season premiered on September 29, 2015, concluding on May 17, 2016, and the fourth season premiered on September 20, 2016, and concluded on May 16, 2017. A fifth season of \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" premiered on December 1, 2017 and concluded on May 18, 2018. In May 2018, the series was renewed for a sixth season, intended to air in July 2019. In November 2018, ahead of the sixth season's release, the series was renewed for a seventh season. After starting the first season with high ratings but mixed reviews, the ratings began to drop while reviews", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." }, { "id": "13250735", "text": "both Austin Nichols who plays Julian Baker a character introduced in the sixth season. This season also saw the return of Danneel Harris who had previously portrayed bad girl Rachel Gatina. Nichols has been promoted to a series regular while Harris will be recurring for at least seven episodes, beginning with the second episode of the seventh season. In an interview with new cast member Shantel VanSanten, she had noted the return of Lindsey McKeon as Taylor James, the sister of Haley and Quinn, midway through the season. While speaking on the return of Taylor, VanSanten also revealed that her", "title": "One Tree Hill (season 7)" }, { "id": "19506708", "text": "Shameless (season 7) The seventh season of \"Shameless\", based on the British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, is an American comedy-drama television series with executive producers John Wells, Christopher Chulack, Krista Vernoff, Etan Frankel, Nancy M. Pimental and Sheila Callaghan. The season premiered on October 2, 2016, the first time the series has debuted in autumn. Showtime premiered a free preview of the season premiere online on September 23, 2016, ahead of the October 2 broadcast. In this season, Frank starts a successful homeless shelter, but later gets kicked out despite owning the property. He later finds", "title": "Shameless (season 7)" }, { "id": "20341538", "text": "another team, but the stolen artist can be replaced by another artist until the end of this round. Color key: The eighth episode aired on October 20, 2017. The ninth episode aired on October 27, 2017. The tenth episode aired on November 3, 2017. The eleventh episode aired on November 10, 2017. Color key: The first group of contestants from each team competed in the first live show, which aired on Friday, November 17, 2017. The public vote could save one contestant from each team, the second one being chosen by the coach. The other two contestants were eliminated. The", "title": "Vocea României (season 7)" }, { "id": "17385528", "text": "with the exception of the final two episodes which ran for 54 minutes and 57 minutes respectively. The first part of season 7 begins in January 1969, several weeks after the Thanksgiving 1968 ending of season 6, with characters dealing with the dynamics of lives and offices being split between New York and Los Angeles, and ends in July 1969. The second part of season 7 takes place between April and November 1970. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The seventh season of \"Mad Men\" received critical acclaim. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 87% of 52 critics reviewed the season favorably. The site's", "title": "Mad Men (season 7)" }, { "id": "15681768", "text": "Doctor Who (series 7) The seventh series of the British science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\" aired from 1 September 2012 to 18 May 2013, being split into two parts, as with the previous series. The series was broadcast concurrently on BBC One in the United Kingdom, BBC America in the United States, and on Space in Canada, and also on ABC in Australia, with the first five episodes each released a week after its UK and North American premiere and the remainder released the day after each episode's UK premiere. Following its premiere on 1 September 2012, the series", "title": "Doctor Who (series 7)" }, { "id": "10139451", "text": "racism, sexism, parenthood, HIV and relationships. Season seven aired Mondays at 7:30 p.m. (7:00 p.m. in Quebec) on CTV, a Canadian terrestrial television network. In the United States it aired Fridays at 8:00 p.m. on The N, a digital cable network aimed at teenagers and young adults. Season seven premiered in the US three months before it began broadcasting in Canada, on 5 October 2007. In total sixteen episodes aired in the US before they did Canada. Further to being broadcast on television, episodes were made available for free streaming on CTV's website; registered users of the Canadian and US", "title": "Degrassi: The Next Generation (season 7)" }, { "id": "20102506", "text": "Suits (season 7) The seventh season of the American legal drama \"Suits\" was ordered on August 3, 2016, and started airing on USA Network in the United States July 12, 2017. The season has five series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Specter Litt law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, and Sarah Rafferty. Gina Torres is credited as the sixth regular only for the episodes that she appears in, following her departure last season. The season featured the 100th episode of the series, which was directed by Patrick J. Adams and aired", "title": "Suits (season 7)" }, { "id": "20794102", "text": "Stephen Amell announced at The CW upfronts that the next Arrowverse crossover would feature Batwoman and Gotham City. The crossover \"Elseworlds\" is slated to launch a 2019 solo series for the character. In May 2018, it was announced that \"Arrow\" would move to Mondays for its seventh season, a first for the series, due to The CW's programming expansion to Sunday nights. On June 20, the network released its fall schedule, revealing that the series would additionally move from the 9:00 pm time-slot to the 8:00 pm time-slot, to serve as the lead-in to \"Legends of Tomorrow\". The season premiered", "title": "Arrow (season 7)" }, { "id": "14582649", "text": "it came to managing a business. Steve Carell finished filming his final scenes for the show on March 4, 2011. Ricky Gervais returned as David Brent in the season finale, along with Will Arnett who played a new character. Gervais also contributed to the script for the season finale. Ray Romano, James Spader, Catherine Tate, Warren Buffett and Jim Carrey also appeared in the season finale. The series aired on Thursdays at 9:00 p.m. as part of Comedy Night Done Right television block. The season premiere, \"Nepotism\" received a 4.4/11 percent share in the Nielsen ratings among viewers aged 18", "title": "The Office (U.S. season 7)" }, { "id": "18971107", "text": "The Walking Dead (season 7) The seventh season of \"The Walking Dead\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 23, 2016, and concluded on April 2, 2017, consisting of 16 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Gimple as showrunner for the fourth consecutive season. The seventh season received mixed reviews from critics. It was nominated for multiple", "title": "The Walking Dead (season 7)" }, { "id": "2721240", "text": "Seven Network The Seven Network (commonly known as Channel Seven or simply Seven) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network. It is owned by Seven West Media Limited, and is one of five main free-to-air television networks in Australia. Channel Seven head office is based in Sydney. Between 1990-1997, and again in 2007-2018, the Seven Network is the highest rated television network and primary channel in Australia. The Seven Network is the broadcaster of popular franchises and programs, including the AFL, the Cricket, the Olympics, \"Sunrise\", \"My Kitchen Rules\", \"The Chase Australia\", \"Australia's Got Talent\", \"House Rules\", \"Home and", "title": "Seven Network" }, { "id": "20291363", "text": "as of October 7 (the network commenced its regular Sunday schedule the following week, on October 14); programming airs on that night from 8 p.m.–10 p.m. ET/PT, making it the only broadcast television network to not program the Sunday 7 p.m. ET/PT hour since that hour was given to the broadcast networks through the implementation of a 1975 amendment to the since-repealed Prime Time Access Rule (PTAR). Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2017–18: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2017–18: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2017–18: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2017–18: Returning", "title": "2018–19 United States network television schedule" }, { "id": "18581479", "text": "September 1974–April 1975 September 1975–April 1976 September 1976–April 1977 September 1977–April 1978 September 1978–April 1979 September 1979–April 1980 September 1980–April 1981 September 1981–April 1982 September 1982–April 1983 September 1983–April 1984 September 1984–April 1985 September 1985–April 1986 September 1986–April 1987 September 1987–April 1988 October 1988–April 1989 September 1989–April 1990 September 1990–April 1991 September 1991–April 1992 September 1992–April 1993 September 1993–April 1994 September 1994–April 1995 September 1995–May 1996 September 1996–May 1997 September 1997–May 1998 September 1998–May 1999 September 1999–May 2000 September 2000–May 2001 September 2001–May 2002 September 2002–May 2003 September 2003–May 2004 September 2004–May 2005 September 2005–May 2006 September 2006–May 2007 September", "title": "Top-rated United States television programs by season" } ]

[ "Jones" ]

[ { "id": "16452696", "text": "As Mary Jane juggles her life, her work and her commitment to her family, we find out how far she's willing to go to find the puzzle pieces that she, and society, insist are missing from her life as a single Black female. Omari Hardwick plays a potential Mr. Right. Other cast members include Latarsha Rose, Lisa Vidal, Aaron D. Spears, Richard Roundtree, Margaret Avery, Richard Brooks, Tika Sumpter, Raven Goodwin, B.J. Britt, and Robinne Lee. The series is produced by Mara Brock Akil, who produced BET's most successful series ever, \"The Game\", and the romantic comedy film \"Jumping the", "title": "Being Mary Jane" }, { "id": "16452693", "text": "Being Mary Jane Being Mary Jane was an American drama television series created by Mara Brock Akil and starring Gabrielle Union, that debuted January 7, 2014 on BET. The 90-minute-pilot for the series aired on July 2, 2013. The series follows professional and personal life of successful TV news anchor Mary Jane Paul, who lives in Atlanta, Georgia. \"Being Mary Jane\" has received positive reviews from critics, and the series premiere on BET had more than 4 million viewers. The second and third seasons received critical acclaim, specifically praising Gabrielle Union's leading performance, Mara Brock Akil's writing, and directing work", "title": "Being Mary Jane" }, { "id": "16452697", "text": "Broom\". The pilot episode was filmed in April 2012 at 780 N. Highland Ave. in the Virginia Highland neighborhood of Atlanta. On September 12, 2013, BET renewed \"Being Mary Jane\" for a second season, before the first season premiered. The second season premiered on February 3, 2015, and on February 5 the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered October 20, 2015. In 2016, Gabrielle Union sued BET for allegedly depriving her of agreed upon compensation. Being Mary Jane Being Mary Jane was an American drama television series created by Mara Brock Akil and starring Gabrielle Union, that", "title": "Being Mary Jane" }, { "id": "4053315", "text": "to Speed. He also appeared in the two-parter in \"Knight Rider\" (2008) as the father of FBI Agent Carrie Ravai, and currently co-stars as the father of the lead character on \"Being Mary Jane\", which has aired on BET since 2013. Richard Roundtree Richard Roundtree (born July 9, 1942) is an American actor. He has been called \"the first black action hero\" for his portrayal of private detective John Shaft in the 1971 film \"Shaft\", and its sequels, \"Shaft's Big Score\" (1972) and \"Shaft in Africa\" (1973), along with a cameo appearance as the character in the 2000 film \"Shaft\",", "title": "Richard Roundtree" }, { "id": "9740555", "text": "Mara Brock Akil Mara Brock Akil (born Mara Dionne Brock, May 27, 1970) is an American screenwriter and television producer. She created UPN comedy series \"Girlfriends\" (2000-2008) and its spin-off \"The Game\" (2006-2015). She later created the first drama series for BET \"Being Mary Jane\" (2013-2018). In 2018, she produced \"Black Lightning\" for The CW and created \"Love Is\" for Oprah Winfrey Network. She was born in Los Angeles, California to Joan Demeter, and was raised primarily in Kansas City. When Brock Akil was eight years old, Demeter divorced Brock Akil's father, later becoming the vision behind Brock Akil's main", "title": "Mara Brock Akil" }, { "id": "16452694", "text": "by Regina King. On January 6, 2016, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on January 10, 2017. Set in New York, season 4 reaches a milestone and a record as it is made with 20 episodes. It was announced on October 11, 2017 that the series would conclude. A two-hour movie finale was planned to air in 2018, but never came to fruition. On December 7, 2018, BET announced that the movie finale date has been pushed back to air in 2019. At the 45th NAACP Image Awards, the pilot movie won the award for Outstanding", "title": "Being Mary Jane" }, { "id": "9740564", "text": "of the show first because her novel chronicles the life of Stefanie Porter, a senior studying law at UCLA, who ceases her hopes of becoming a lawyer to support the dreams of her boyfriend, star football player Ricky Powers. Mara Brock Akil Mara Brock Akil (born Mara Dionne Brock, May 27, 1970) is an American screenwriter and television producer. She created UPN comedy series \"Girlfriends\" (2000-2008) and its spin-off \"The Game\" (2006-2015). She later created the first drama series for BET \"Being Mary Jane\" (2013-2018). In 2018, she produced \"Black Lightning\" for The CW and created \"Love Is\" for Oprah", "title": "Mara Brock Akil" }, { "id": "16452695", "text": "Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special, and Union for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. The series later received another nine NAACP Image Awards nominations, include two for Outstanding Drama Series. The show was originally to be called \"Single Black Female\". The series centers on successful broadcast journalist Mary Jane Paul (played by Gabrielle Union) and her professional and private family life while searching for \"Mr. Right\": Mary Jane Paul has it all: she's a successful TV news anchor, entirely self-sufficient – an all-around powerhouse who remains devoted to a family that doesn’t share her motivation.", "title": "Being Mary Jane" }, { "id": "3733847", "text": "in Tyler Perry's \"Meet the Browns\", which also stars Angela Bassett. Currently, Avery plays recurring character Helen Patterson in BET's series \"Being Mary Jane\". In January 1974, Margaret Avery married Robert Gordon Hunt. They have one daughter, Aisha Hunt, and divorced in 1980. Margaret Avery lives in Los Angeles, and remains active in the show business. While continuing to act, she also works with at-risk teenagers and battered women of the Greater Los Angeles Area. She was interviewed by Melody Trice on The Melody Trice Show about her activism. Margaret Avery Margaret Avery (born January 20, 1944) is an American", "title": "Margaret Avery" }, { "id": "19070512", "text": "Hip-hop executive Steven \"Steve-O\" Carless and the next day released the mixtape, \"Kairi Chanel\", which peaked at number 38 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. In January 2017, East made his acting debut, starring in BET's \"Being Mary Jane\" series. He later appeared in Puma's Tsugi Shinsei commercial and starred in rapper Trina's \"It Ain't Me\" music video. In August 2017, he released the \"\" EP, supported by the single \"Perfect\" featuring American singer Chris Brown. The EP has peaked at number nine on the \"Billboard\" 200. In September 2017, East hosted the first annual Goldie Awards, a DJ and producer", "title": "Dave East" }, { "id": "4273903", "text": "1990 and has two sons, Scott (b. 1992) and Max (b. 1998) and daughter Olivia (b. 2003) and lives in Los Angeles, California with them. She previously owned a children's clothing store called \"Oodles\" in Studio City, California, but it has since been closed. Lisa Vidal Lisa Vidal (born June 13, 1965) is an American actress, best known for her roles in television series \"Third Watch\", \"The Division\", \"ER\", and \"The Event\". In 2013, Vidal began starring in the BET drama series \"Being Mary Jane\". Vidal was born in Whitestone, Queens, the daughter of Josie, a secretary, and Manny Vidal,", "title": "Lisa Vidal" }, { "id": "4273899", "text": "Lisa Vidal Lisa Vidal (born June 13, 1965) is an American actress, best known for her roles in television series \"Third Watch\", \"The Division\", \"ER\", and \"The Event\". In 2013, Vidal began starring in the BET drama series \"Being Mary Jane\". Vidal was born in Whitestone, Queens, the daughter of Josie, a secretary, and Manny Vidal, a tax consultant and businessman. Her parents moved from Puerto Rico and settled in Manhattan, New York, where Vidal and her two sisters Christina and Tanya were born. She also has a brother named Christian. After Vidal finished her elementary education, she auditioned and", "title": "Lisa Vidal" }, { "id": "9740561", "text": "to the series, the network released a statement on its website stating that the show would conclude after production of the seventh and eighth seasons. With an already established relationship with the BET network, Brock Akil worked alongside her husband to co-write and produce their first show on BET. \"Being Mary Jane\", starring Gabrielle Union premiered July2, 2013, and became the couple's first hour-long scripted show. The show chronicles the life of Mary Jane Paul, a successful news anchor, and attempts to address the statistic that within the black community 42percent of successful women will never marry. As of March", "title": "Mara Brock Akil" }, { "id": "13666189", "text": "released in theaters on July 6, 2018. He married Jennifer Pfautch in 2011 and they have two children. Omari Hardwick Omari Latif Hardwick (born January 9, 1974) is an American actor, known for his roles in the TV series \"Saved\" and \"Dark Blue\", in Spike Lee's \"Miracle at St. Anna\" (2008), and, \"The A-Team\" (2010), \"Kick-Ass\" (2010), in Tyler Perry's \"For Colored Girls\" (2010) and as Andre in BET Network's \"Being Mary Jane\". He currently stars as James \"Ghost\" St. Patrick in Starz's \"Power\". Hardwick was born in Savannah, Georgia, the son of Joyce and Clifford Hardwick III, an attorney.", "title": "Omari Hardwick" }, { "id": "13666185", "text": "Omari Hardwick Omari Latif Hardwick (born January 9, 1974) is an American actor, known for his roles in the TV series \"Saved\" and \"Dark Blue\", in Spike Lee's \"Miracle at St. Anna\" (2008), and, \"The A-Team\" (2010), \"Kick-Ass\" (2010), in Tyler Perry's \"For Colored Girls\" (2010) and as Andre in BET Network's \"Being Mary Jane\". He currently stars as James \"Ghost\" St. Patrick in Starz's \"Power\". Hardwick was born in Savannah, Georgia, the son of Joyce and Clifford Hardwick III, an attorney. Growing up in Decatur, Georgia, Hardwick wrote poetry on a regular basis, and participated in many sports. For", "title": "Omari Hardwick" }, { "id": "4273902", "text": "from 2001–2004 as firefighter Sandy Lopez. From 2001 to 2004, Vidal starred opposite Bonnie Bedelia in the Lifetime drama series \"The Division\", for which she received the 2002 nomination for the ALMA Award in the Best Actress Category. In 2006, she had a brief role in the short-lived action series \"Smith\", as one of the federal agents looking for Ray Liotta's group of thieves. In 2010 she starred in NBC drama \"The Event\". In 2013, Vidal began starring opposite Gabrielle Union in the BET drama series \"Being Mary Jane\". She has been married to real estate agent Jay Cohen since", "title": "Lisa Vidal" }, { "id": "4565482", "text": "fourth season of \"Being Mary Jane\" opposite Gabrielle Union. In October 2012, Ealy married Khatira Rafiqzada, his girlfriend of four years, in a ceremony in Los Angeles, and together they have a son and a daughter. Michael Ealy Michael Brown (born August 3, 1973), professionally known as Michael Ealy, is an American actor. He is known for his roles in \"Barbershop\" (2002), \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" (2003), \"Takers\" (2010), \"Think Like a Man\" (2012), \"About Last Night\" (2014), \"Think Like a Man Too\" (2014), and \"The Perfect Guy\" (2015) . Ealy starred as Dorian the android in the Fox TV", "title": "Michael Ealy" }, { "id": "3154872", "text": "The Season 9 premiere revealed Dourdan's character dying in the arms of his colleague and friend Gil Grissom. After leaving CSI he took recurring roles as Stephan in the series \"Christine\" and Sheldon DeWitt in the series \"Being Mary Jane\". Dourdan has African-American, Native American, Franco-Haitian (Haiti), Jewish, Irish, and Scottish ancestry. He married model Roshumba Williams in 1992; they divorced two years later. He has two children: a son, Lyric, with Cynthia Hadden, and a daughter, Nyla, with Jennifer Sutton, whom Dourdan dated from 1995 to 2000. He also collects classic cars and was featured on Season 1, Episode", "title": "Gary Dourdan" }, { "id": "3039404", "text": "medical drama series \"City of Angels\" (2000) and films \"Bad Boys II\" (2003), \"Cradle 2 the Grave\" (2003), the critically acclaimed \"Neo Ned\" (2005), \"Cadillac Records\" (2008), \"Top Five\" (2014) and \"Breaking In\" (2018). In 2013, Union began starring as lead character in the BET drama series \"Being Mary Jane\", for which she has received critical acclaim and an NAACP Image Award. She co-starred in the 2016 film \"The Birth of a Nation\", and next appeared in \"Almost Christmas\" (2016) and \"Sleepless\" (2017). Union is also the author of a memoir, \"We're Going to Need More Wine\" (2017), and an", "title": "Gabrielle Union" }, { "id": "14353626", "text": "Chiké Okonkwo Chiké Okonkwo (; born 18 March 1982) is an Nigerian English actor. He is known for portraying PC Clark in \"New Tricks\" and DC Callum Gada in \"Paradox\". He currently stars as Lee Truitt, the love interest of the title character on the BET series \"Being Mary Jane\". Born and brought up in Kingston upon Thames, Okonkwo is of Nigerian descent. He attended Tolworth Infants/Juniors School and Southborough High School in Kingston, and later turned down a number of places at the UK's leading drama schools in order to pursue a university education, gaining a First Class degree", "title": "Chiké Okonkwo" }, { "id": "11674164", "text": "series \"Being Mary Jane.\" She won a 2016 NAACP Image Award for her work on the show. She is a 2014 recipient of the Public Theater's Emerging Writers Group fellowship. As of 2018 she is a Columnist for The Daily Beast and writer for the television series \"Black Lightning.\" She is a regular contributor to \"Left, Right & Center\" on NPR affiliate KCRW. She served as a producer on the documentary Reversing Roe, which aired on Netflix in September 2018 after debuting at the Telluride Film Festival. A native of Missouri City, Texas, Goff graduated from Elkins High School. She", "title": "Keli Goff" }, { "id": "16552750", "text": "well as recurring roles in the shows \"Windfall\" and \"Swingtown\". In 2012, after almost quitting the business, Rose was offered a role in \"The Hunger Games\", as Portia, Peeta's stylist from the Capitol. Rose also starred in the upcoming BET television series \"Being Mary Jane\" as Dr. Lisa Hudson, as Mary Jane's best friend. When first cast in \"The Hunger Games\", \"The Hollywood Reporter\" in May 2011, referred to her as a \"relative unknown\". In a 2002 article about actors, \"Time Magazine\" used her dimples as an example of how some actors might be initially cast for their physical characteristics.", "title": "Latarsha Rose" }, { "id": "4790103", "text": "Richard Brooks (actor) Richard L. Brooks (born December 9, 1962) is an American actor, singer, and director. He is best known for his one-off role as the eccentric bounty hunter Jubal Early in the space-western \"Firefly\" and assistant district attorney Paul Robinette in the NBC drama series, \"Law & Order\" from 1990 to 1993 and reprising his role as a defense attorney on that same show. In 2013, he began starring as Patrick Patterson in the BET drama series, \"Being Mary Jane\". Born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, Brooks studied acting, dance, and voice work at Interlochen Academy of Arts", "title": "Richard Brooks (actor)" }, { "id": "3733843", "text": "(2008), \"Meet the Browns\" (2008), and \"Proud Mary\" (2018). In 2013, Avery began starring as Helen Patterson, lead character's mother, in the BET drama series \"Being Mary Jane\". Margaret Avery was born in Mangum, Oklahoma and raised in San Diego, California, where she attended Point Loma High School. She then attended San Francisco State University, where in 1985, she earned her degree in education. While working as a substitute teacher in Los Angeles, Avery began making singing and acting appearances. Avery is best known for her role as Shug Avery in the 1985 film \"The Color Purple\". Her performance in", "title": "Margaret Avery" }, { "id": "13975026", "text": "November 12, 2017. Aaron D. Spears Aaron Darnell Spears (born July 10, 1971, in Washington, D.C.) is an American actor. Spears was born in Washington, D.C.. He studied computer science and mathematics at Delaware State University. He portrays Justin Barber on the American soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and Lt. Raines on soap opera Days Of Our Lives and Mark Bradley in \"Being Mary Jane\" alongside Gabrielle Union as the title role. His previous television credits include guest roles on \"Bones\", \"Criminal Minds\", \"Shark\" and \"Everybody Loves Raymond\". He had a guest starring role on the \"\" episode", "title": "Aaron D. Spears" }, { "id": "9740558", "text": "executive produced (along with Kelsey Grammer) another UPN series, \"Girlfriends\". She also created and executive produced \"Girlfriends\"′series, \"The Game\". In 2009, Brock Akil became a consulting producer and writer for the ABC suburban sitcom \"Cougar Town\". She is the creator of BET's \"Being Mary Jane\", which premiered in 2013. Brock Akil went straight to UPN and sold her idea for her hit series to the network. She shopped the series around to studios to start the filming process, but, even though the show sold to a major network, no filming company wanted to take the bait. She struck a deal", "title": "Mara Brock Akil" }, { "id": "4790107", "text": "film work, Brooks also founded his own production company, Flat Top Entertainment LLC. At the dawn of the millennium, Brooks released his first solo R&B album, \"Smooth Love\", on Flat Top Records. In March 2011, Brooks played the role of Harmond Wilkes in \"Radio Golf\", written by August Wilson, at Geva Theatre Center in Rochester, New York. He played Frederick Douglass in the 2013 PBS series \"The Abolitionists\". Brooks stars as Patrick in the BET original series \"Being Mary Jane\". It premiered July 2, 2013. Brooks stars as Lead Marshal Pollack in \"Person of Interest\", season 3, “The Devil's Share”.", "title": "Richard Brooks (actor)" }, { "id": "18433757", "text": "(Louise Dryer), James Heenan (Andrew Dunn, Sr.), Kitty Kelly (Maggie Murphy), Louis Morrell (George Sherwin), Stanley Ridges (Andrew Dunn, Jr.), Hal Skelly (Joe McGillicudy), and Dallas Welford (Martin Frost). The plot concerns a cute country girl named Mary Jane (Mary Hay) who applies for a job in the Dunns’ offices. Although she is a good stenographer, they are concerned about hiring her because she is too pretty for Andrew Dunn, Jr. (Stanley Ridges). She gets the job by slicking down her bobbed hair and putting on goggles. Later, after Mr. Dunn Sr. (James Heenan) fires Jr., Mary Jane goes into", "title": "Mary Jane McKane" }, { "id": "3039422", "text": "of their \"straightforward characters to add spots of comic zest as well.\" Her next appearance was \"In Our Nature\". The film was the directorial debut of Brian Savelson, the writing ability of whom Union was impressed. Savelson had offered Union the role two years prior to the film's release, in 2010. Union saw \"In Our Nature\" as a personal victory for her career. In 2013, she began starring in the BET network show \"Being Mary Jane\". Union learned of the series while auditioning for \"Scandal\" for the role of Olivia Pope, which ultimately went to Kerry Washington. Union has said", "title": "Gabrielle Union" }, { "id": "2199960", "text": "Tom Brady Thomas \"Tom\" Edward Patrick Brady Jr. (born August 3, 1977) is an American football quarterback for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He is one of only two players in NFL history to have won five Super Bowls (along with defensive player Charles Haley), and he is the only player to have won them all with a single franchise. Because of his numerous accomplishments and accolades, many analysts and sportswriters consider Brady to be among the greatest quarterbacks of all time. After playing college football for the University of Michigan, Brady was drafted by", "title": "Tom Brady" }, { "id": "13975025", "text": "Aaron D. Spears Aaron Darnell Spears (born July 10, 1971, in Washington, D.C.) is an American actor. Spears was born in Washington, D.C.. He studied computer science and mathematics at Delaware State University. He portrays Justin Barber on the American soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and Lt. Raines on soap opera Days Of Our Lives and Mark Bradley in \"Being Mary Jane\" alongside Gabrielle Union as the title role. His previous television credits include guest roles on \"Bones\", \"Criminal Minds\", \"Shark\" and \"Everybody Loves Raymond\". He had a guest starring role on the \"\" episode \"The Silo\" on", "title": "Aaron D. Spears" }, { "id": "18748421", "text": "Kurt Farquhar Kurt Farquhar is a Los Angeles based–television and film composer. Farquhar is a seven-time BMI award winner, including four for \"The King of Queens\". one for \"The Game\" and two for \"Being Mary Jane\". He is best known for composing the scores for \"The King of Queens\", \"Girlfriends\", \"Sister, Sister\", \"Moesha\", \"Being Mary Jane\", \"The Game\", \"Black Lightning\", and \"Real Husbands of Hollywood\". Farquhar's career is notable for having scored more prime-time television series than any other African-American composer to date. A native of Chicago, he is the youngest of five children. His musical education took him from", "title": "Kurt Farquhar" }, { "id": "18458781", "text": "Tre' Jackson Tre' Jackson (born December 14, 1992) is an American football guard for the Orlando Apollos of the Alliance of American Football (AAF). He played college football at Florida State and was drafted by the New England Patriots in the fourth round of the 2015 NFL Draft. Jackson attended Wayne County High School in Jesup, Georgia, where he was a two-sport star in both track and football, where he was a two-way lineman. Jackson missed his entire junior season with an ACL tear. In his senior year, Jackson helped protect quarterback Greyson Lambert, as the Yellow Jackets went 5–5", "title": "Tre' Jackson" }, { "id": "20238139", "text": "Kansas City. Rothe graduated from Boston University in 2009 with a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts, and during that time she learned to play the violin, tap dance and make pottery. Jessica Rothe Jessica Rothe (; born Jessica Rothenberg, May 28, 1987) is an American actress. She may be best known for her lead role in the 2016 MTV television series \"Mary + Jane\" and her starring role in the 2017 slasher film \"Happy Death Day\". Rothe was born in Denver, Colorado, the daughter of Susan and Steve Rothenberg. Rothe's father is Jewish. Her grandmother, Colleen Rothenberg, was a theatre", "title": "Jessica Rothe" }, { "id": "20238138", "text": "Jessica Rothe Jessica Rothe (; born Jessica Rothenberg, May 28, 1987) is an American actress. She may be best known for her lead role in the 2016 MTV television series \"Mary + Jane\" and her starring role in the 2017 slasher film \"Happy Death Day\". Rothe was born in Denver, Colorado, the daughter of Susan and Steve Rothenberg. Rothe's father is Jewish. Her grandmother, Colleen Rothenberg, was a theatre actress who belonged to the Congregation Shomrei Torah synagogue in Santa Rosa, California. She took ballet classes when she was age 8. As a youth she attended summer theater camps in", "title": "Jessica Rothe" }, { "id": "16026916", "text": "On October 20, 2014, Rodgers was signed as a member of the BC Lions practice roster. After attending the team's mini-camp in April 2015, he quit. Rodgers made a cameo appearance in the 2015 film \"Pitch Perfect 2\" along with actual members of the Green Bay Packers. He did not have a speaking role, but sang along with the other football players during a \"riff off.\" Rodgers was a contestant and the eventual winner on season 12 of \"The Bachelorette\", starring Joelle \"JoJo\" Fletcher. Rodgers proposed, and as of , the two remain engaged. In September 2018, it was announced", "title": "Jordan Rodgers" }, { "id": "8322863", "text": "is currently designing costumes for the American television drama series \"Being Mary Jane\" on BET Networks, created by Mara Brock Akil and starring Gabrielle Union. Carter's most recent work was on the Afrofuturist superhero Marvel Cinematic Universe film \"Black Panther\" (2018), directed by Ryan Coogler. For the film, she traveled to southern Africa to draw aesthetic inspirations and to receive permission to incorporate traditional Lesotho designs into the film's costumes. Ruth E. Carter Ruth E. Carter (born April 10, 1960) is an American costume designer, for film and television, with over 40 films to her credit, who has mastered the", "title": "Ruth E. Carter" }, { "id": "10266288", "text": "novel of the same name. This was the directorial debut of actress Regina King. Hosea Chanchez Hosea Chanchez (born September 12, 1981), also credited as Hosea, is an American actor best known for his recurring role on \"For Your Love\" and the quarterback football player Malik Wright on The CW/BET sitcom, \"The Game\". Born in Montgomery, Alabama, Chanchez spent most of his childhood in Alabama and Atlanta, Georgia. He attended Sidney Lanier High School in Montgomery, Alabama. After Chanchez relocated to California, he expressed in an interview with Wendy Williams that he had slept in his car for thirty days", "title": "Hosea Chanchez" }, { "id": "20057760", "text": "NFL Draft. The pick used to select Moton was acquired in a trade with the New England Patriots in a trade that sent Kony Ealy to the Patriots. On May 4, 2017, the Carolina Panthers signed Moton to a four-year, $4.15 million contract with $2.28 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $1.16 million. Taylor Moton Taylor Moton (born August 18, 1994) is an American football offensive tackle for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Western Michigan. He was drafted by the Panthers in the second round of the 2017 NFL Draft.", "title": "Taylor Moton" }, { "id": "10266286", "text": "Hosea Chanchez Hosea Chanchez (born September 12, 1981), also credited as Hosea, is an American actor best known for his recurring role on \"For Your Love\" and the quarterback football player Malik Wright on The CW/BET sitcom, \"The Game\". Born in Montgomery, Alabama, Chanchez spent most of his childhood in Alabama and Atlanta, Georgia. He attended Sidney Lanier High School in Montgomery, Alabama. After Chanchez relocated to California, he expressed in an interview with Wendy Williams that he had slept in his car for thirty days before starring in various guest roles on \"For Your Love\", \"The Guardian\", \"Jack &", "title": "Hosea Chanchez" }, { "id": "1970605", "text": "the clone were actually rigged as part of Osborn's plan to break Peter's spirit, Peter returns to the role of Spider-Man. Mary Jane returns to college to major in psychology, but the stress of the ongoing manipulations of Norman Osborn take their toll. After the Gathering of Five incident and the return of Aunt May, Mary Jane begs Peter to quit being Spider-Man. He is happy to do so for several months, but soon feels the tug of his great power and great responsibility to be a hero. Meanwhile, Mary Jane is offered a new modeling contract and reaches new", "title": "Mary Jane Watson" }, { "id": "16774460", "text": "beginning with the former Miami Dolphins quarterback Dan Marino. Other episodes featured former Oakland Raiders coach John Madden, former Buffalo Bills quarterback Jim Kelly, Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones and former Washington Redskins coach and current NASCAR owner Joe Gibbs. Season Eight of A Football Life premiered on Friday, September 14, 2018 at 9:00 PM ET and subsequently aired 11 episodes. It will feature Mike Holmgren, Dwight Clark and The Catch, Lawrence Taylor, Thurman Thomas, Carson Palmer, Brian Dawkins, Doug Williams, Willie McGinest, Cris Collinsworth, Tony Romo and Bill Cowher A Football Life A Football Life is a documentary series", "title": "A Football Life" }, { "id": "1970600", "text": "a deranged fan tries to kill Mary Jane out of hatred for the actions of her soap opera character. Mary Jane quits her job out of fear for her own safety and returns to modeling. This, along with Peter's role as Spider-Man, triggers a growing divide. She briefly flirts with actor Jason Jerome, who tries to tempt her into a secret affair, kissing her twice. She resists out of faithfulness to Peter, but her weak rebuffs fail to convince Jerome, and she realizes she is enticed by him in spite of herself. However, she eventually realizes that her craving for", "title": "Mary Jane Watson" }, { "id": "13439798", "text": "Tina Landau and began performances on June 2, 2017, ending on July 2, 2017. Damiano appeared on \"Gossip Girl\" in the episode entitled \"It's a Wonderful Lie.\" In 2013, she starred in the acclaimed indie film \"B-Side\", her first movie. Damiano has already appeared in Vogue, Teen Vogue, Vanity Fair, Rolling Stone, and Nylon Magazine on behalf of her role as Mary-Jane Waston in the infamous \"Spider-Man: Turn Off The Dark\" musical. Damiano was nominated for the Helen Hayes Award for her performance in \"Next to Normal\"'s out-of-town tryout in D.C. Later, she was nominated for the 2009 Tony Award", "title": "Jennifer Damiano" }, { "id": "3148867", "text": "is the coach of the girls' basketball team. He married Felicia Hardy, but they later divorced after they had two children (Felicity and Eugene Jr.). He still is unaware of the fact that Peter Parker was Spider-Man, and is similarly unaware that Peter's daughter is Spider-Girl. Felicity, on the other hand, is aware of all of this and briefly assumed the Scarlet Spider identity in attempt to partner with Spider-Girl. In \"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane\", Flash is the star football quarterback at Midtown High. Flash bullies Peter and refers to him as Puny Parker. Flash recently started dating Liz Allan", "title": "Flash Thompson" }, { "id": "9846751", "text": "plays Patrick on the television show \"Imposters\", which airs on Bravo. He plays David Paulk in the television show \"Being Mary Jane\". He also appeared on the television series \"Lost\", \"Girlfriends\", and \"The Game\", and in the independent film \"Americanese\". He appeared in the movie \"The Rundown\" with The Rock. Bishop also played David Justice in \"Moneyball\", which was released on September 23, 2011. He was in the 2015 movie \"With This Ring\" where he played 'Nate Adamson' and starred alongside Regina Hall, Jill Scott and Eve. He appeared in Grey's Anatomy Season 4 Episode 16 Freedom part 1. In", "title": "Stephen Bishop (actor)" }, { "id": "1970637", "text": "Mary Jane gives a 'makeover'. However, Gwen soon has feelings for Peter. Harry Osborn reappears and is made more sympathetic than he was in the previous novel; with his father in jail, he is now poor and has to live without a life of luxury. Mary Jane Watson Mary Jane \"MJ\" Watson is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and created by Stan Lee and John Romita Sr. The character made her first appearance in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #25. Since then she has gone on to become Peter Parker's main love interest and later", "title": "Mary Jane Watson" }, { "id": "14255525", "text": "not even staying long enough to see his daughter. The youngest girl in her class, Margie does very well at her schoolwork, but she is not socially adept and wears old-fashioned clothing, including bloomers that frequently fall down. By contrast, her pretty and fashionable neighbor Marybelle Tenor (Barbara Lawrence) wears short skirts and lipstick and dates the popular but dimwitted captain of the football team, Johnny Green (Conrad Janis). Margie secretly has a crush on Johnny, but he regards her as a \"pain in the neck\". When Margie meets the handsome new French teacher at her high school, Professor Ralph", "title": "Margie (film)" }, { "id": "224475", "text": "tournament play. Some notable athletic alumni include: Alabama Crimson Tide head football coach and five-time national champion head coach Nick Saban, former Missouri Tigers head football coach Gary Pinkel, 2003 British Open Champion and current PGA member Ben Curtis, former New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson, Thomas Jefferson (athlete) 1984 200m Olympic bronze medalist, former Pittsburgh Steelers Professional Football Hall of Fame linebacker and four-time Super Bowl champion Jack Lambert, Pittsburgh Steelers linebacker and two-time Super Bowl champion James Harrison, ESPN Analyst and former college football national champion head coach Lou Holtz, New England Patriots Wide Receiver and Super Bowl", "title": "Kent State University" }, { "id": "6346806", "text": "Becoming Jane Becoming Jane is a 2007 British-Irish biographical romantic drama film directed by Julian Jarrold. It depicts the early life of the English author Jane Austen and her lasting love for Thomas Langlois Lefroy. American actress Anne Hathaway stars as the title character, while her romantic interest is played by Scottish actor James McAvoy. Also appearing in the film are Julie Walters, James Cromwell and Maggie Smith. The film was produced in cooperation with several companies, including Ecosse Films and Blueprint Pictures. It also received funding from the Irish Film Board and the UK Film Council Premiere Fund. The", "title": "Becoming Jane" }, { "id": "7541170", "text": "Mary Jane (Rick James song) \"Mary Jane\" is a song by American funk singer Rick James. It was released in 1978 as the second single from his debut album \"Come Get It!\". The song peaked in the top five on the R&B charts in the United States in 1978. As one of his earliest hits as a solo artist, it is one of his most notable songs. It was composed by James, along with keyboardist Billy Nunn, who was credited for the keyboards, strings, background vocals, helping to compose the song, arranging flute parts, and other instrumentation work. \"Mary Jane\"", "title": "Mary Jane (Rick James song)" }, { "id": "19042794", "text": "Banks. In September, Streep formally joined the cast. The following month, Emily Mortimer was cast as the grownup Jane Banks, and Colin Firth joined the film as William Weatherall Wilkins, president of the Fidelity Fiduciary Bank. In February 2017, Angela Lansbury was cast to play the Balloon Lady. Julie Andrews, who portrayed Poppins in the 1964 film, was approached to do a cameo in the sequel, but turned down the offer as she wanted it to be \"Emily's show\". Dick Van Dyke, who portrayed Bert and Mr. Dawes Sr. in the original film, returns in the sequel as the latter's", "title": "Mary Poppins Returns" }, { "id": "14429491", "text": "of Niecy Patterson in the BET drama series, \"Being Mary Jane\". She now plays the role of Eliza on the Showtime show SMILF. Goodwin made her film debut in Nicole Holofcener's independent comedy-drama \"Lovely & Amazing\" as Annie Marks, Brenda Blethyn's adopted daughter; for the role, Goodwin received an Independent Spirit Award for \"Best Debut Performance\". In 2003, she appeared in Tom McCarthy's independent comedy-drama \"The Station Agent\". She also attended Old Court Middle School. Recently, Goodwin has been seen on Fox's comedy-drama, \"Glee\". She played one of the girls in Quinn's club and has not been on the show", "title": "Raven Goodwin" }, { "id": "3220899", "text": "week after Pittsburgh won Super Bowl XL, Roethlisberger introduced Kelly Clarkson. In 2009, he hosted \"WWE Raw\". He, along with other Steelers players, made a cameo appearance as a member of the Gotham Rogues football team, in the 2012 film \"The Dark Knight Rises\". Ben Roethlisberger Benjamin Todd Roethlisberger Sr. (; born March 2, 1982), nicknamed Big Ben, is an American football quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Miami University (Ohio), and was drafted by the Steelers in the first round (11th overall) of the 2004 NFL Draft. Roethlisberger earned", "title": "Ben Roethlisberger" }, { "id": "11217424", "text": "Mary Harvey Mary Harvey (born June 4, 1965) is an American retired soccer goalkeeper. She was the starting goalie for 1991 U.S. Women's National Team which won the inaugural 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup; and a member of the 1996 Olympic Gold Medal team. Harvey retired from international competition in 1996 following the Atlanta Olympics. Harvey earned her undergraduate degree from the University of California at Berkeley and her MBA from UCLA's Anderson School. After graduating, Harvey played semi-professional soccer in Europe. She represented FSV Frankfurt of Germany between 1988 and 1991, as well as Hammarby IF and Tyresö FF", "title": "Mary Harvey" }, { "id": "4462913", "text": "Jack Lambert (American football) John Harold Lambert (born July 8, 1952) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL). Recognized by the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1990 as \"the premier linebacker of his era,\" Lambert was the starting middle linebacker for four Super Bowl-winning teams during an 11-year career with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Lambert was born in Mantua, Ohio. He played football for Kent State, winning two All-Mid-American Conference linebacker honors. Don James was his head coach. Alabama football coach Nick Saban and former Missouri football coach Gary Pinkel were teammates. During", "title": "Jack Lambert (American football)" }, { "id": "16076740", "text": "Nicole Kidman and Rooney Mara. Canning won his Academy Award in 2011 for \"The King's Speech\" directed by Tom Hooper. The film stars Colin Firth and Geoffrey Rush. Among See-Saw's 2017/2018 film projects are \"Mary Magdalene\" starring Rooney Mara and Joaquin Phoenix, John Cameron Mitchell's \"How to Talk to Girls at Parties\" starring Elle Fanning and Nicole Kidman, and Steve McQueen's \"Widows\", starring Viola Davis, Liam Neeson and Michelle Rodriguez. He is openly gay, when he received an Academy Award for best picture for \"The King's Speech\", Canning thanked his boyfriend. Canning also produced Jane Campion's Emmy Award-winning TV series", "title": "Iain Canning" }, { "id": "17201089", "text": "Bryan Dechart Bryan Dechart (born March 17, 1987) is an American actor and Twitch streamer. He is best known for his role as Connor, an android police investigator in the PS4 exclusive game \"\". He also played Eli Chandler on ABC Family's \"Jane by Design\" and starred in the 2014 Sony Pictures feature film \"The Remaining\" with Alexa Vega. Dechart was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and raised in Novi, Michigan. He graduated with honors from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts with a BFA in Acting. He studied at the Sanford Meisner Extension, the Experimental Theater", "title": "Bryan Dechart" }, { "id": "1970598", "text": "they marry. She adds Peter's surname to her own, making her Mary Jane Watson-Parker. Spider-Man wears his black costume around this time, but after Mary Jane is frightened by a stalking Venom, she convinces him to change back to his old costume. Mary Jane continues to model after her marriage, but is stalked by her wealthy landlord, Jonathan Caesar. When she rejects his advances, he kidnaps her, but she manages to escape. While Caesar is briefly incarcerated, he uses his powerful business connections within the city and has her blacklisted as a model. She gets a role on the soap", "title": "Mary Jane Watson" }, { "id": "19768124", "text": "appeared on the ninth episode of the second season of \"Rosewood\" (2015). The fourteenth episode of \"MacGyver\"s (2016) first season in 2017 featured \"24K Magic\". It made an appearance on \"Being Mary Jane\" (2013), fourth season, episode seven. The track was part of episode fifteen, season two of \"Supergirl\" (2015), as well as season two of \"Chicago Med\" (2015) on episode twenty-three. It was also included on the last episode of the third season of \"Empire\" (2015). The recording is also featured in the video game \"Just Dance 2018\" and on the film \"\". Recording and mixing Personnel Credits adapted", "title": "24K Magic (song)" }, { "id": "6645026", "text": "(TV Series) (football consultant - 1 episode) - Acafellas (2009) ... (football consultant) 2008 Pride and Glory (football consultant - uncredited) 2007 The Game Plan (football coach - as Pat O'Hara) 2006 We Are Marshall (football consultant - uncredited) 2006 Invincible (assistant football coach - as Pat O'Hara) 2006 The Shaggy Dog (football consultant - uncredited) 2005 The Longest Yard (assistant football coordinator - as Patrick J. O'Hara) Actor (3 credits) 2015 Focus Team Owner 1999 Any Given Sunday Tyler Cherubini 1998 The Waterboy Cougar Quarterback (uncredited) Stunts (1 credit) 2015 The Wedding Ringer (stunt double: Joe Namath) Pat O'Hara", "title": "Pat O'Hara" }, { "id": "10500669", "text": "during the Cold War and, later, worked on kidnapping and extortion cases, her interest in suspense started at an early age. She attended Immaculate Heart Academy in Washington Township, Bergen County, New Jersey, graduating in 1972. With the goal of working in television news, she graduated from the University of Rhode Island with degrees in journalism and political science. She started her professional career as a desk assistant at CBS News headquarters in New York City, eventually becoming a producer and writer. Clark resides in Hillsdale, New Jersey and Florida. She has two children, a daughter, Elizabeth, an actress, and", "title": "Mary Jane Clark" }, { "id": "20218215", "text": "<onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The fourth season was received well by critics, notable praise being geared towards its storylines involving topics such as sexuality, immigration, and cancer, as well as its jaw-dropping season finale cliffhanger. Critics also praised the performances of series stars, Andrea Navedo and Yael Grobglas, as well as recurring guest stars, Tyler Posey and Rosario Dawson. Critics first praised the fifth episode of the season in which Jane's (Gina Rodriguez) boyfriend Adam (Tyler Posey) was revealed to be bisexual. \"Fortunately, \"Jane The Virgin\" handles Adam's storyline sans ignorant jokes, unchecked offensive comments, and \"funny\" hysteria, even if Jane's initial response", "title": "Jane the Virgin (season 4)" }, { "id": "18748423", "text": "pilot episode of \"Livin' Large\", produced by Stephen J. Cannell. Farquhar went on to create theme songs and scores for a multitude of television shows and feature films. Farquhar is also the founder and CEO of True Music, a prominent music licensing catalog operating out of Pasadena, California, which has licensed music throughout broadcast and cable television as well as feature films. Kurt Farquhar Kurt Farquhar is a Los Angeles based–television and film composer. Farquhar is a seven-time BMI award winner, including four for \"The King of Queens\". one for \"The Game\" and two for \"Being Mary Jane\". He is", "title": "Kurt Farquhar" }, { "id": "6131098", "text": "for their roles by stars Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. After his role as Jim, the love interest for Ashley's character of Jane, he admitted that he could not tell the sisters apart. In \"Radio\", Smith had the role of Johnny Clay, team star and ringleader of the group pulling nasty pranks on Cuba Gooding, Jr.'s character of Radio. For their work in the film, key production members were awarded a 2005 CAMIE Award; These included executive producer Todd Garner, director Michael Tollin, screenwriter Mike Rich, and actors Cuba Gooding Jr., Ed Harris, Riley Smith, Alfre Woodard, Brent Sexton, S. Epatha", "title": "Riley Smith" }, { "id": "18544014", "text": "Brett Dier Brett Jordan Dier (born February 14, 1990) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as Michael Cordero Jr. on \"Jane the Virgin\". He is also known for his recurring roles in the Canadian TV shows \"Bomb Girls\" and \"The L.A. Complex\". Dier was born on February 14, 1990 in London, Ontario. He studied improv as well as receiving his first dan black belt in Taekwondo. He reached the 6th grade of Conservatory Music in piano, including the Suzuki method since the age of 4. He also plays the guitar. Dier received honors for his", "title": "Brett Dier" }, { "id": "3135399", "text": "2008 as a ruthless court clerk and Michael Cutter's love interest. She most recently played Mary Jane Porter, an old girlfriend of Larry David's who runs into and then goes on a date with him in an episode of \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" that aired on October 11, 2009. In 2010, Stringfield appeared in \"Who Is Clark Rockefeller?\" playing the role of Sandra Boss. In addition to acting, Stringfield has done voice-over work, including the voice of Eyeleen in the children's television show \"Blue's Clues\" and voicing her \"ER\" character for the PC game \"ER: The Game\". Stringfield was also featured", "title": "Sherry Stringfield" }, { "id": "17859668", "text": "Motion Picture. Multiple winning films included: \"Captain Phillips\" and \"20 Feet From Stardom\". On the television side, \"Mike Tyson: Undisputed Truth\" and \"Being Mary Jane\" tied for the most wins with two. Multiple winners included: Steve McQueen, Lupita Nyong'o, Barkhad Abdi and Chiwetel Ejiofor. Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold. Black Reel Awards of 2014 The 2014 Black Reel Awards, which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature, independent and television films, were announced on Thursday, February 13, 2014. \"Fruitvale Station\", \"The Butler\" and \"12 Years a Slave\" lead the film nominees with 9", "title": "Black Reel Awards of 2014" }, { "id": "3621332", "text": "of Fame. In 2006, Levens had a cameo appearance as the head coach for Xavier in the film \"We Are Marshall\". In 2012, it was confirmed that Levens is to play the role of Coach James in Gridiron UK. In 2015, Levens had a major role in Tyler Perry's play Madea on the Run. Dorsey Levens Herbert Dorsey Levens (born May 21, 1970) is a retired American football running back in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round (149th overall) of the 1994 NFL Draft. He helped the Packers win the", "title": "Dorsey Levens" }, { "id": "5763818", "text": "Anne-Marie Johnson Anne-Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas on \"What's Happening Now!!\", Aileen Lewis on \"Double Trouble\", Althea Tibbs on \"In the Heat of the Night\", and as a cast member on \"In Living Color\" during its final season. Anne-Marie Johnson was born in Los Angeles, California. Her father is African-American and her mother is Multiracial-American. She graduated from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) with a degree in Acting and Theater. Her first television appearance", "title": "Anne-Marie Johnson" }, { "id": "6645025", "text": "and choreographing football action scenes in movies. He also has coached actors such as Adam Sandler, Mark Wahlberg and Dwayne Johnson to better help them portray their characters. In addition, O'Hara has appeared in several movies including \"The Waterboy\", \"Any Given Sunday\", and \"The Game Plan\". His credits include; Miscellaneous Crew (13 credits) One Heart (football coordinator) (\"delayed\") 2016 Love Is All You Need? (football coordinator) 2015 Focus (football coordinator) 2012 Red Dawn (assistant football coach) 2011 Necessary Roughness (TV Series) (football consultant - 1 episode) - Pilot (2011) ... (football consultant) 2010 When in Rome (football consultant) 2009 Glee", "title": "Pat O'Hara" }, { "id": "8865365", "text": "\"\" as a gag, there was such editorial interest that she was written into the story as one of Darth Vader's early victims. In May 2007, a month after the release of the feature film \"Spider-Man 3\", Sideshow Collectibles debuted a miniature statuette of Mary Jane Watson, a perennial love interest of Spider-Man's, based on artwork by Hughes. The statue, which depicts Mary Jane wearing a cleavage-revealing T-shirt and low-cut jeans that expose the top of a pink thong while bending over a metal tub holding Spider-Man's costume, generated controversy among some fans who felt that the statue was sexist.", "title": "Adam Hughes" }, { "id": "18094140", "text": "Jonathan Dickson Jonathan Macgregor Dickson (born July 26, 1974) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Professor Blackjack (Edward O. Thorp) on the History Channel's \"Breaking Vegas\" series. He has also appeared in such shows as 30 ROCK and Boardwalk Empire. He can be seen shag dancing next to Rachel McAdams and James Marsden in the romantic drama, The Notebook. Dickson was born and raised in Anderson, South Carolina, the son of John and Sandra Dickson, and the brother of Jennifer Dickson Meeks and Jason Dickson. He attended the University of South Carolina in Columbia,", "title": "Jonathan Dickson" }, { "id": "7079874", "text": "Smith. In 2008, she co-starred again with Smith in the drama film \"Seven Pounds\" playing his fiancee. As lead actress, she starred in the 2008 comedy-drama \"This Is Not a Test\". In 2009, Lee co-starred alongside Don Cheadle in the comedy film \"Hotel for Dogs\". In 2007, Lee had the recurring role on the TBS sitcom \"Tyler Perry's House of Payne\" and shot an independent film called \"This Is Not a Test\". From 2013 to 2014, she played Avery Daniels in the first season of the critically acclaimed BET drama series, \"Being Mary Jane\". Lee played Ros Bailey in \"Fifty", "title": "Robinne Lee" }, { "id": "4790108", "text": "Brooks is also currently playing Warden Wolfe in season 4 of \"The Flash'. Richard Brooks (actor) Richard L. Brooks (born December 9, 1962) is an American actor, singer, and director. He is best known for his one-off role as the eccentric bounty hunter Jubal Early in the space-western \"Firefly\" and assistant district attorney Paul Robinette in the NBC drama series, \"Law & Order\" from 1990 to 1993 and reprising his role as a defense attorney on that same show. In 2013, he began starring as Patrick Patterson in the BET drama series, \"Being Mary Jane\". Born and raised in Cleveland,", "title": "Richard Brooks (actor)" }, { "id": "4713262", "text": "was approved to return September 15, 2014. On October 7, 2014, Bailon will be the host of a competition show called \"Nail'd It!\" on Oxygen. Bailon has remained a co-host of the talk show throughout its run. She and her co-hosts have since won an NAACP Image Award and a Daytime Emmy Award for their work. In 2015, she had made a cameo on the successful TV series \"Being Mary Jane\". On November 17, 2017, Bailon, now going by the last name Houghton, released her debut solo album \"New Tradiciones\", a Christmas album with both English and Spanish songs. It", "title": "Adrienne Bailon" }, { "id": "16235133", "text": "Matthew Atkinson John Matthew Atkinson is an American actor and musician. Atkinson was born in Marietta, Georgia. Atkinson's family moved around several times living in Alabama and Mississippi before settling in Kennesaw, Georgia. After high school Atkinson moved to Atlanta taking college courses, while simultaneously pursuing acting, and eventually moved to Los Angeles. Atkinson made his television debut on The WB/CW drama series \"One Tree Hill\". Atkinson appeared in the Academy Award winning film \"The Blind Side\". Atkinson has also appeared in \"\" and \"Drop Dead Diva\". Atkinson is best known as Nick Fadden in the ABC Family series, \"Jane", "title": "Matthew Atkinson" }, { "id": "18458786", "text": "the 4th round with the 111th pick overall in the 2015 NFL draft. He played in 13 games with nine starts at right guard his rookie year while dealing with a knee injury. Jackson started the season on PUP with a knee injury. Unfortunately, his injury never healed in time and missed the entire 2016 season. On February 5, 2017, Jackson's Patriots won Super Bowl LI. In the game, the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. On April 18, 2017, Jackson was released by the Patriots. On April 19, 2017, Jackson was claimed off", "title": "Tre' Jackson" }, { "id": "13461048", "text": "sex; she likened the name to the character in the Johnny Cash song \"A Boy Named Sue\". In May 2016, he fathered a son named Christine Michael Jr. and has since started wearing \"Michael Sr.\" on the back of his practice and game jerseys. Christine Michael Christine Lynn Michael Sr. (; born November 9, 1990) is an American football running back who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Texas A&M, and was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the second round of the 2013 NFL Draft. A native of Beaumont, Texas, Michael attended West Brook Senior", "title": "Christine Michael" }, { "id": "2572064", "text": "his celebrating current sporting achievements such as 2012 Summer Olympics medal wins by Team GB. Chelsea Individual John Terry John George Terry (born 7 December 1980) is an English football coach and former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. He was previously captain of Chelsea, the England national team and Aston Villa; he is currently working as an assistant coach with the latter. A strong, tenacious, commanding and physical defender, Terry excelled in the air and was known for his aggressive tackling, positioning, leadership and his ability to read the game; he is considered to be one of the", "title": "John Terry" }, { "id": "6997809", "text": "Martian\" (2015), \"Fantastic Four\" (2015), \"Morgan\" (2016), \"Megan Leavey\" (2017) and \"Chappaquiddick\" (2018), portraying Mary Jo Kopechne. Kate Rooney Mara was born and raised in Bedford, New York. Her parents are Timothy Christopher Mara, an NFL scout and vice president of the New York Giants for player evaluation, and Kathleen McNulty Mara (née Rooney). She is the second of four siblings, with one older brother, Daniel; one younger sister, the actress Rooney (born Patricia); and one younger brother, Conor. Mara's father has Irish, German, and French Canadian ancestry, and her mother is of British and Italian descent. She is a", "title": "Kate Mara" }, { "id": "1970615", "text": "to Peter, but is hesitant to do so. She is asked for an autograph by Sara Ehret, an associate of Jackpot. Mary Jane tells her she does not know when she will return to New York. She left a message on Peter's machine but it was cut off before she could say anything. Mary Jane has been living on the West Coast pursuing her acting career. She returns to New York after Carr is found to be taking Mutant Growth Hormone for a movie role, supplied by the White Rabbit. Carr complains that now she would tell them all about", "title": "Mary Jane Watson" }, { "id": "11023353", "text": "Nicholas Braun Nicholas Joseph Braun (born May 1, 1988) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his role in the HBO series \"Succession\" (2018). He has appeared in several films, including \"Sky High\" (2005), \"Princess Protection Program\" (2009), \"Red State\" (2011), \"Prom\" (2011), \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), \"Date and Switch\" (2014), and \"How to Be Single\" (2016). Braun was born in Bethpage, New York, the son of Elizabeth Lyle and actor Craig Braun (born 1939). He has a brother, musician Christopher Deyo Braun, and half-brothers, actor Guillaume Rumiel and producer Timothy Braun. In", "title": "Nicholas Braun" }, { "id": "20240591", "text": "three nominees were announced on 22 September 2017. Celtic supporters won the award with nearly 56% of the vote. The 55–player men's shortlist was announced on 20 September 2017. The players chosen included Gianluigi Buffon as goalkeeper, Dani Alves, Leonardo Bonucci, Sergio Ramos, and Marcelo as defenders, Luka Modrić, Toni Kroos, and Andrés Iniesta as midfielders, and Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, and Neymar as forwards. The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 were held on 23 October 2017 in London, England. The ceremony was held at the London Palladium and was hosted by Idris Elba", "title": "The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017" }, { "id": "20947424", "text": "reserve on December 18, 2018 with a knee injury. He played in six games, starting three at right guard. Jordan Simmons Jordan Simmons (born July 15, 1994) is an American football guard for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Southern California. Simmons was born and raised in Inglewood, California and attended Crespi Carmelite High School. Simmons excelled on the Celts football team and was rated as a five-star recruit and the 2nd best offensive line prospect in the country as a senior. Simmons was a member of the USC", "title": "Jordan Simmons" }, { "id": "1970607", "text": "some way, and wants to take over his life. He kidnapped Mary Jane as part of his plan and held her hostage for several months. The stalker kills himself after finally gleaning enough of Peter's personality and morality to discover that he had done terrible things. Peter and Mary Jane are reunited in \"\" #29 (June 2001). The stress of her captivity drives Mary Jane away. She moves to Los Angeles and immerses herself in acting — starring as the doomed love interest in the film \"Lobster-Man\". Although missing Peter after he fails to meet her on a visit back", "title": "Mary Jane Watson" }, { "id": "7570348", "text": "6, 2011, Fox signed with the Washington Redskins. On July 26, 2012, Fox signed with the Houston Texans. During training camp, he suffered a knee injury and was placed on the injured reserve list on August 9. Keyaron Fox Keyaron James Fox , born January 24, 1982) is a former American football linebacker. He was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the third round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). Fox also played for the Pittsburgh Steelers, Washington Redskins, and Houston Texans. He won Super Bowl XLIII during his", "title": "Keyaron Fox" }, { "id": "8067300", "text": "Mary Albright Mary Margaret Albright is a fictional character who was played by Jane Curtin in the American situation comedy \"3rd Rock from the Sun\". She serves as a straight foil and love interest for the eccentric Dick Solomon. Curtin was recruited to play Mary by friend Bonnie Turner after another actress was deemed too sweet for the part. Co-star John Lithgow said, \"We really needed a very strong human comic presence. . . . Someone who could give it out and dish it out.\" Curtin had earlier worked with Bonnie and Terry Turner on \"Saturday Night Live\" and in", "title": "Mary Albright" }, { "id": "6851830", "text": "puppet\", and then proceeded to say that \"I hate him and will never respect him.\" Harrison also made comments towards his quarterback, Ben Roethlisberger, and other players in the National Football League such as Brian Cushing. Harrison released an apology for his statements on July 14, 2011. James Harrison (American football) James Henry Harrison Jr. (born May 4, 1978) is a former American football linebacker. He played college football for Kent State University and was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2002. A five-time Pro Bowl selection, Harrison won two Super Bowls with the Steelers:", "title": "James Harrison (American football)" }, { "id": "3790949", "text": "SuperDraft pick. He scored his first goal as a Sounder, a game-winning header in the 84th minute, against the Philadelphia Union on May 3. He was named MLS Defender of the Year for the third time as the Sounders won the Supporters Shield. As a teenager, Marshall trained at the United States Soccer Federation's exclusive Bradenton Academy and has played for several United States youth national teams. He played for the United States at the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship, now commonly known as the FIFA U-20 World Cup, in the United Arab Emirates. He later moved up and earned", "title": "Chad Marshall" }, { "id": "17059752", "text": "for the 2018 Nordic tournament. Campbell was on Headmaster’s List in 2010 and was a member of the National Honor Society in 2012. Both of her parents are former Navy fighter pilots, and both parents were collegiate athletes. Her mother Chrystal rowed crew at the Naval Academy and her father Mike played hockey and rowed crew at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. She followed the footsteps of her grandfather and great-great-grandfather to Stanford University in 2013. Jane Campbell (soccer) Carolyn Jane Campbell, commonly known as Jane Campbell, (born February 17, 1995) is an American soccer player who plays in the", "title": "Jane Campbell (soccer)" }, { "id": "4165609", "text": "Michael Klesic Michael Vladimir Klesic (born July 31, 1975) is an American actor. Klesic was born in Tarzana, California. He was raised mostly in Los Angeles and attended Beverly Hills High School in Beverly Hills, California. He graduated from the Guildford School of Acting in England. His first roles came to him when he was just 18 playing bit parts in \"Clueless\", \"Dangerous Minds\", and a football player in \"Forrest Gump\". He then left the front of the camera to work behind the scenes on a number of films and TV shows. In 2000 he returned to his first love", "title": "Michael Klesic" }, { "id": "9318796", "text": "of 12, as a stevedore at the Port of Boston. He attended Princeton University, where he played football and baseball for the Tigers, joined the Princeton Charter Club, played Maria in an all-male production of \"West Side Story\", was a member of the \"Twig and Plums\" secret society, and was a classmate of Michelle Obama. In addition to the Amory Blaine Handsomeness Scholarship, his jobs during college included \"the day shift at a graveyard, and the graveyard shift for the Days Inn\"; working as a janitor at a primate laboratory; and a job for the linguistics department recording every word", "title": "Jack Donaghy" }, { "id": "6744563", "text": "for Best Actor in a Musical. He has played colorful characters such as Captain Hook in the musical \"Peter Pan\" (2007), and the Genie in the musical \"Aladdin\" (2008). In the summer of 2016, Jaime starred as Billy Flynn in the musical \"Chicago\" on Broadway in the Ambassador Theater. Camil played Flynn in an extended run from May 31 to July 31, 2016. In the fall of 2014, he began acting in the role of Rogelio De La Vega, the biological father of Jane Villanueva and a telenovela star, in the CW network comedy, \"Jane the Virgin\". In 2018, he", "title": "Jaime Camil" }, { "id": "16229113", "text": "Barner. He has five older brothers and one older sister. He graduated with a degree in criminology in spring 2012. While attending the University of Oregon, he was given an honorary membership to the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity. Barner’s cousin Melvin Carter was elected mayor of St. Paul, Minnesota in November 2017. His current girlfriend is Laura Dominguez. They met in high school and were friends for 10 years before they started dating. They have one son. Kenjon Barner Kenjon Fa'terrel Barner (born April 28, 1990) is an American football running back for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football", "title": "Kenjon Barner" }, { "id": "8422211", "text": "The music video features David Beaudoin, the same boy from the \"Love Generation\" and \"World, Hold On\" videos. In this video, the boy \"performs\" the song (with two young girls) as Sean Paul, The Beatles, Bob Marley and Anthony Kiedis, along with other stylised performances as John Travolta in \"Saturday Night Fever\", Outkast and AC/DC. The video also includes parodies of other music videos, such as \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" (Nirvana), \"Cry Me a River\" (Justin Timberlake) and \"Thriller\" (Michael Jackson). Bob Sinclar appears in the middle of the music video as a neighbor next door who comes to the", "title": "Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)" }, { "id": "10942836", "text": "guitarist and fan of the fictional band Sex Bob-omb. In 2011, he was cast in a supporting role for the Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum led comedy \"21 Jump Street\" (2012). The film opened at South by Southwest on March 12, and was released theatrically on March 16, 2012. Also in 2012, Simmons co-starred as the closeted quarterback Brad Hayes, alongside Logan Lerman, Emma Watson, and Ezra Miller, in the teen drama \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". The film is an adaptation of the Stephen Chbosky novel of the same name. In February 2013, he was cast in The", "title": "Johnny Simmons" }, { "id": "18758691", "text": "Jon Feliciano Jon Feliciano (born February 10, 1992) is an American football guard for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Miami. Feliciano is of Puerto Rican & Sicilian descent. Feliciano was drafted by the Raiders in the fourth round, 128th overall, in the 2015 NFL Draft. On December 22, 2017, Feliciano was placed on injured reserve. In 2018, Feliciano played in 13 games, starting four at left guard in place of an injured Keleche Osemele. He was placed on injured reserve on December 11, 2018 with a calf injury.", "title": "Jon Feliciano" }, { "id": "18758690", "text": "Jon Feliciano Jon Feliciano (born February 10, 1992) is an American football guard for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Miami. Feliciano is of Puerto Rican & Sicilian descent. Feliciano was drafted by the Raiders in the fourth round, 128th overall, in the 2015 NFL Draft. On December 22, 2017, Feliciano was placed on injured reserve. In 2018, Feliciano played in 13 games, starting four at left guard in place of an injured Keleche Osemele. He was placed on injured reserve on December 11, 2018 with a calf injury.", "title": "Jon Feliciano" }, { "id": "4701898", "text": "raised over $800,000 between 2008 and 2010 and spent 91 percent of the funds on scholarships and grants. Smith married former Oakland Raiders cheerleader Elizabeth Barry in 2009. They have two sons together. Alex Smith Alexander Douglas Smith (born May 7, 1984) is an American football quarterback for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Utah Utes, where he was named the Mountain West Conference Player of the Year in 2004 and led Utah to a victory at the 2005 Fiesta Bowl, finishing in the national top-five. Selected by the San Francisco", "title": "Alex Smith" } ]

[ "July 4, 1776" ]

[ { "id": "434458", "text": "United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the Thirteen Colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York,", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "6683488", "text": "from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the French and Indian War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to gain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, with the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "434474", "text": "about. In the campaign to revise Congressional instructions, many Americans formally expressed their support for separation from Great Britain in what were effectively state and local declarations of independence. Historian Pauline Maier identifies more than ninety such declarations that were issued throughout the Thirteen Colonies from April to July 1776. These \"declarations\" took a variety of forms. Some were formal written instructions for Congressional delegations, such as the Halifax Resolves of April 12, with which North Carolina became the first colony to explicitly authorize its delegates to vote for independence. Others were legislative acts that officially ended British rule in", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434459", "text": "New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Lee Resolution for independence was passed on July 2 with no opposing votes. The Committee of Five had drafted the Declaration to be ready when Congress voted on independence. John Adams, a leader in pushing for independence, had persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, which Congress edited to produce the final version. The Declaration was a formal explanation of why Congress had voted to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434475", "text": "individual colonies, such as the Rhode Island legislature declaring its independence from Great Britain on May 4, the first colony to do so. Many \"declarations\" were resolutions adopted at town or county meetings that offered support for independence. A few came in the form of jury instructions, such as the statement issued on April 23, 1776, by Chief Justice William Henry Drayton of South Carolina: \"the law of the land authorizes me to declare ... that \"George\" the Third, King of \"Great Britain\" ... has no authority over us, and we owe no obedience to him.\" Most of these declarations", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "15717319", "text": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the \"United States of America,\" and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war with Great Britain were now a sovereign, independent nation and thus no longer a part of the British", "title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "2293867", "text": "The Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of what would later become the United States Post Office Department on July 26. The United States Declaration of Independence was approved there on July 4, 1776, and the Declaration was read aloud to the public in the area now known as Independence Square. This document unified the colonies in North America who declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. These historic events are celebrated annually with a national holiday for U.S. Independence Day. The Congress continued to meet there", "title": "Independence Hall" }, { "id": "7420384", "text": "and France has fully \"integrated\" most of its former colonies as fully constituent \"departments\" of France. The United States of America declared independence from Great Britain on July 2, 1776 (although the event is now commemorated on July 4, the date when the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted by Congress), in so doing becoming the first independent, foreign-recognized nation in the Americas and the first European colonial entity to break from its mother country. Britain formally acknowledged American independence in 1783 after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War. Although initially occupying only the land east of the Mississippi", "title": "Decolonization of the Americas" }, { "id": "434471", "text": "a means to present a distinctly American political identity, thereby stimulating public debate on a topic that few had previously dared to openly discuss, and public support for separation from Great Britain steadily increased after its publication. Some colonists still held out hope for reconciliation, but developments in early 1776 further strengthened public support for independence. In February 1776, colonists learned of Parliament's passage of the Prohibitory Act, which established a blockade of American ports and declared American ships to be enemy vessels. John Adams, a strong supporter of independence, believed that Parliament had effectively declared American independence before Congress", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "14713665", "text": "Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were no longer a part of the British Empire, exists in a number of drafts, handwritten copies, and published broadsides. The earliest known draft of the Declaration of Independence is a fragment known as the \"Composition Draft.\" The draft, written in July 1776, is in the handwriting of Thomas Jefferson, principal author of the Declaration. It was discovered in 1947 by historian Julian P. Boyd in the Jefferson papers at the Library", "title": "Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "6683512", "text": "legislatures. They demanded their rights as Englishmen and \"no taxation without representation\". The British insisted on administering the empire through Parliament, and the conflict escalated into war. The Second Continental Congress unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, which recognized, in a long preamble, that all men are created equal and endowed by their Creator with unalienable rights and that those rights were not being protected by Great Britain, and declared, in the words of the resolution, that the thirteen United Colonies formed an independent nation and had no further allegiance to the British crown. The fourth day", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "3384598", "text": "other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the National Day of the United States. During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain's rule. After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been", "title": "Independence Day (United States)" }, { "id": "434461", "text": "Jefferson's hand. Jefferson's original draft is preserved at the Library of Congress, complete with changes made by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, as well as Jefferson's notes of changes made by Congress. The best-known version of the Declaration is a signed copy that is displayed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., and which is popularly regarded as the official document. This engrossed copy was ordered by Congress on July 19 and signed primarily on August 2. The sources and interpretation of the Declaration have been the subject of much scholarly inquiry. The Declaration justified the independence of the United", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434518", "text": "in Chichester, England. Named by its finders the \"Sussex Declaration\", it differs from the National Archives copy (which the finders refer to as the \"Matlack Declaration\") in that the signatures on it are not grouped by States. How it came to be in England is not yet known, but the finders believe that the randomness of the signatures points to an origin with signatory James Wilson, who had argued strongly that the Declaration was made not by the States but by the whole people. The Declaration was given little attention in the years immediately following the American Revolution, having served", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434502", "text": "the Declaration had been signed on July 4, pointing out that some signers were not then present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date. The Declaration was transposed on paper, adopted by the Continental Congress, and signed by John Hancock, President of the Congress, on July 4, 1776, according to the 1911 record of events by the U.S. State Department under Secretary Philander C. Knox. On August 2, 1776, a parchment paper copy of the Declaration was signed by 56 persons. Many of these signers were not present when the original Declaration was adopted", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "5016909", "text": "as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and John Adams eventually resulted in seeking full independence from the mother country. Thus, the Declaration of Independence, unanimously ratified on 4 July 1776, was a radical and decisive break. The United States of America became the first colony in the world to successfully achieve independence in the modern era. In early 1775 the Patriots forced all the British officials and soldiers out of the new nation. The British returned in force in August 1776, and captured New York City, which became their base until the war ended in 1783. The", "title": "United Kingdom–United States relations" }, { "id": "434508", "text": "9, with thousands of British troops on ships in the harbor. Washington and Congress hoped that the Declaration would inspire the soldiers, and encourage others to join the army. After hearing the Declaration, crowds in many cities tore down and destroyed signs or statues representing royal authority. An equestrian statue of King George in New York City was pulled down and the lead used to make musket balls. British officials in North America sent copies of the Declaration to Great Britain. It was published in British newspapers beginning in mid-August, it had reached Florence and Warsaw by mid-September, and a", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "6683513", "text": "of July is celebrated annually as Independence Day. The Second Continental Congress declared on September 9 \"where, heretofore, the words 'United Colonies' have been used, the stile be altered for the future to the 'United States' \". In 1777, the Articles of Confederation established a weak government that operated until 1789. Britain recognized the independence of the United States following their defeat at Yorktown in 1781. In the peace treaty of 1783, American sovereignty was recognized from the Atlantic coast west to the Mississippi River. Nationalists led the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in writing the United States Constitution, ratified in", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "434464", "text": "being the 1789 \"Declaration of Flanders\" issued during the Brabant Revolution in the Austrian Netherlands. It also served as the primary model for numerous declarations of independence in Europe and Latin America, as well as Africa (Liberia) and Oceania (New Zealand) during the first half of the 19th century. By the time that the Declaration of Independence was adopted in July 1776, the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain had been at war for more than a year. Relations had been deteriorating between the colonies and the mother country since 1763. Parliament enacted a series of measures to increase revenue from", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434483", "text": "governing the province since January 1776; they resolved on June 15 that Royal Governor William Franklin was \"an enemy to the liberties of this country\" and had him arrested. On June 21, they chose new delegates to Congress and empowered them to join in a declaration of independence. Only Maryland and New York had yet to authorize independence towards the end of June. Previously, Maryland's delegates had walked out when the Continental Congress adopted Adams's radical May 15 preamble, and had sent to the Annapolis Convention for instructions. On May 20, the Annapolis Convention rejected Adams's preamble, instructing its delegates", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434460", "text": "American Revolutionary War. Adams wrote to his wife Abigail, \"The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America\" – although Independence Day is actually celebrated on July 4, the date that the wording of the Declaration of Independence was approved. After ratifying the text on July 4, Congress issued the Declaration of Independence in several forms. It was initially published as the printed Dunlap broadside that was widely distributed and read to the public. The source copy used for this printing has been lost and may have been a copy in Thomas", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434503", "text": "on July 4. Signer Matthew Thornton from New Hampshire was seated in the Continental Congress in November; he asked for and received the privilege of adding his signature at that time, and signed on November 4, 1776. Historians have generally accepted McKean's version of events, arguing that the famous signed version of the Declaration was created after July 19, and was not signed by Congress until August 2, 1776. In 1986, legal historian Wilfred Ritz argued that historians had misunderstood the primary documents and given too much credence to McKean, who had not been present in Congress on July 4.", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "20370", "text": "justifications for separation from Britain. After securing enough votes for passage, independence was voted for on July 2. The Declaration of Independence was drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson and presented by the committee; it was unanimously adopted by the entire Congress on July 4, and each of the colonies became independent and autonomous. The next step was to form a union to facilitate international relations and alliances. The Second Continental Congress approved the \"Articles of Confederation\" for ratification by the states on November 15, 1777; the Congress immediately began operating under the Articles' terms, providing a structure of shared sovereignty", "title": "American Revolution" }, { "id": "3384597", "text": "Independence Day (United States) Independence Day (colloquial: the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as free and independent states, the United States of America, and were no longer connected to the British Crown. The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various", "title": "Independence Day (United States)" }, { "id": "4987311", "text": "and Parliament. When it became clear that the king was not inclined to act as a conciliator, colonial attachment to the Empire was weakened, and a movement towards declaring independence became a reality, culminating in the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. Proclamation of Rebellion The Proclamation of Rebellion, officially titled A Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition, was the response of George III of Great Britain to the news of the Battle of Bunker Hill at the outset of the American Revolutionary War. Issued August 23, 1775, it declared elements of the American colonies in a", "title": "Proclamation of Rebellion" }, { "id": "434515", "text": "official texts, as well. The Declaration was first published as a broadside that was printed the night of July 4 by John Dunlap of Philadelphia. Dunlap printed about 200 broadsides, of which 26 are known to survive. The 26th copy was discovered in The National Archives in England in 2009. In 1777, Congress commissioned Mary Katherine Goddard to print that listed the signers of the Declaration, unlike the Dunlap broadside. Nine copies of the Goddard broadside are known to still exist. A variety of broadsides printed by the states are also extant. Several early handwritten copies and drafts of the", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "20338", "text": "second British army at Yorktown in the fall of 1781, effectively ending the war. The Treaty of Paris was signed September 3, 1783, formally ending the conflict and confirming the new nation's complete separation from the British Empire. The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida. Among the significant results of the revolution was the creation of the United States Constitution, establishing a relatively strong federal national government that included an executive, a national judiciary, and", "title": "American Revolution" }, { "id": "434485", "text": "independence until after Congress had made its decision. Political maneuvering was setting the stage for an official declaration of independence even while a document was being written to explain the decision. On June 11, 1776, Congress appointed a \"Committee of Five\" to draft a declaration, consisting of John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, Robert R. Livingston of New York, and Roger Sherman of Connecticut. The committee took no minutes, so there is some uncertainty about how the drafting process proceeded; contradictory accounts were written many years later by Jefferson and Adams, too many years", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434479", "text": "Congress passed Adams's radical preamble, the Virginia Convention set the stage for a formal Congressional declaration of independence. On May 15, the Convention instructed Virginia's congressional delegation \"to propose to that respectable body to declare the United Colonies free and independent States, absolved from all allegiance to, or dependence upon, the Crown or Parliament of Great Britain\". In accordance with those instructions, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia presented a three-part resolution to Congress on June 7. The motion was seconded by John Adams, calling on Congress to declare independence, form foreign alliances, and prepare a plan of colonial confederation. The", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "14713679", "text": "was located in Shimla, India, having been discovered sometime during the 1990s. The type of copy was not specified. The copy of the Declaration that was signed by Congress is known as the engrossed or parchment copy. This copy was probably handwritten by clerk Timothy Matlack, and given the title of \"The unanimous declaration of the thirteen United States of America\". This was specified by the Congressional resolution passed on July 19th, 1776: Throughout the Revolutionary War, the engrossed copy was moved with the Continental Congress, which relocated several times to avoid the British army. In 1789, after creation of", "title": "Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434491", "text": "of Caesar Rodney, who voted for independence. The New York delegation abstained once again since they were still not authorized to vote for independence, although they were allowed to do so a week later by the New York Provincial Congress. The resolution of independence was adopted with twelve affirmative votes and one abstention, and the colonies officially severed political ties with Great Britain. John Adams wrote to his wife on the following day and predicted that July 2 would become a great American holiday He thought that the vote for independence would be commemorated; he did not foresee that Americans", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434523", "text": "Declaration of Independence in 1818, Costa Rica in 1821, El Salvador in 1821, Guatemala in 1821, Honduras in (1821), Mexico in 1821, Nicaragua in 1821, Peru in 1821, Bolivian War of Independence in 1825, Uruguay in 1825, Ecuador in 1830, Colombia in 1831, Paraguay in 1842, Dominican Republic in 1844, Texas Declaration of Independence in March 1836, California Republic in November 1836, Hungarian Declaration of Independence in 1849, Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand in 1835, and the Czechoslovak declaration of independence from 1918 drafted in Washington D.C. with Gutzon Borglum among the drafters. The Rhodesian declaration of independence,", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434482", "text": "independence in the event that Lee's resolution was approved when it was brought up again in July. Support for a Congressional declaration of independence was consolidated in the final weeks of June 1776. On June 14, the Connecticut Assembly instructed its delegates to propose independence and, the following day, the legislatures of New Hampshire and Delaware authorized their delegates to declare independence. In Pennsylvania, political struggles ended with the dissolution of the colonial assembly, and a new Conference of Committees under Thomas McKean authorized Pennsylvania's delegates to declare independence on June 18. The Provincial Congress of New Jersey had been", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "2508342", "text": "from Great Britain. On May 4, 1776, five months before the Continental Congress formally adopted the United States Declaration of Independence, Rhode Island became the first colony of what would soon be the future United States to legally leave the British Empire. William Ellery and the first chancellor of Brown University Stephen Hopkins were signatories to the Declaration of Independence for Rhode Island. A decisive march ending with the defeat of British forces commanded by Charles Cornwallis began in Newport, Rhode Island under the command of French forces sent by King Louis XVI and led by the Comte de Rochambeau.", "title": "Rhode Island General Assembly" }, { "id": "3384608", "text": "Independence Day until 1962. In 1964, the name of the July 4 holiday was changed to Republic Day. Rebild National Park in Denmark is said to hold the largest July 4 celebrations outside of the United States. Independence Day (United States) Independence Day (colloquial: the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as free and independent states, the United States of America, and were no longer connected to the British Crown. The Congress", "title": "Independence Day (United States)" }, { "id": "434462", "text": "States by listing colonial grievances against King George III and by asserting certain natural and legal rights, including a right of revolution. Its original purpose was to announce independence, and references to the text of the Declaration were few in the following years. Abraham Lincoln made it the centerpiece of his policies and his rhetoric, as in the Gettysburg Address of 1863. Since then, it has become a well-known statement on human rights, particularly its second sentence: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "15717320", "text": "Empire. The signers’ names are grouped by state, with the exception of President of the Continental Congress John Hancock; the states are arranged geographically from north to south. The final draft of the Declaration was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, although the date of its signing has long been disputed. Most historians have concluded that it was signed on August 2, 1776, nearly a month after its adoption, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed. The Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, with 12 of the 13 colonies voting", "title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "5336695", "text": "news that Parliament passed the Prohibitory Act, which established a blockade of American ports and declared American ships to be enemy vessels. Although the measure amounted to a virtual declaration of war by the British, Congress did not have immediate authority to declare independence until each individual colony authorized its delegates to vote for independence. On June 11, Congress appointed the \"Committee of Five,\" consisting of John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, Robert R. Livingston of New York, and Roger Sherman of Connecticut, to draft an official declaration of independence. Congress unanimously adopted its", "title": "Independence National Historical Park" }, { "id": "2746", "text": "American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was an 18th-century war between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies (allied with France) which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "id": "3733422", "text": "ensuring they stayed loyal to British interests. This permitted the development of the American Dream, a cultural spirit distinct from that of its European founders. The Thirteen Colonies of British America began an armed rebellion against British rule in 1775 when they rejected the right of the Parliament of Great Britain to govern them without representation; they proclaimed their independence in 1776, and subsequently constituted the first thirteen states of the United States of America, which became a sovereign state in 1781 with the ratification of the Articles of Confederation. The 1783 Treaty of Paris represented Great Britain's formal acknowledgement", "title": "British Americans" }, { "id": "4985919", "text": "Lee Resolution The Lee Resolution (also known as \"The Resolution for Independence\") was the formal assertion passed by the Second Continental Congress on July 2, 1776 which declared the establishment of a new country of United Colonies as independent from the British Empire, creating what became the United States of America. News of this act was published that evening in the \"Pennsylvania Evening Post\" and the next day in the \"Pennsylvania Gazette\". The text of the document formally announcing this action was the Declaration of Independence, approved two days later on July 4, 1776, which is celebrated as Independence Day.", "title": "Lee Resolution" }, { "id": "434509", "text": "German translation appeared in Switzerland by October. The first copy of the Declaration sent to France got lost, and the second copy arrived only in November 1776. It reached Portuguese America by Brazilian medical student \"Vendek\" José Joaquim Maia e Barbalho, who had met with Thomas Jefferson in Nîmes. The Spanish-American authorities banned the circulation of the Declaration, but it was widely transmitted and translated: by Venezuelan Manuel García de Sena, by Colombian Miguel de Pombo, by Ecuadorian Vicente Rocafuerte, and by New Englanders Richard Cleveland and William Shaler, who distributed the Declaration and the United States Constitution among Creoles", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "52561", "text": "the slogan \"No taxation without representation\", a perceived violation of the guaranteed Rights of Englishmen. The American Revolution began with rejection of Parliamentary authority and moves towards self-government. In response, Britain sent troops to reimpose direct rule, leading to the outbreak of war in 1775. The following year, in 1776, the United States declared independence. The entry of France into the war in 1778 tipped the military balance in the Americans' favour and after a decisive defeat at Yorktown in 1781, Britain began negotiating peace terms. American independence was acknowledged at the Peace of Paris in 1783. The loss of", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "1722358", "text": "consent of the governed\", as well as listing the main colonial grievances against the crown. July 4 ever since has been celebrated as the birthday of the United States. The Founding Fathers represented a cross-section of Patriot leadership. According to a study of the biographies of the 56 men who signed the Declaration of Independence: The British returned in force in August 1776, landing in New York and defeating the fledgling Continental Army at the Battle of Long Island in one of the largest engagements of the war. They quickly seized New York City and nearly captured General Washington and", "title": "History of the United States (1776–1789)" }, { "id": "14733712", "text": "United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom An Act Declaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Dependencies Thereof and the United States of America and Their Territories was passed by the 12th United States Congress on June 18, 1812, thereby beginning the War of 1812. It was signed by James Madison, the 4th President of the United States. \"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled\", That war be and is hereby declared to exist between the United Kingdom of Great", "title": "United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "434481", "text": "would not intervene in an internal British struggle, and so a formal declaration of independence was needed before foreign aid was possible. All Congress needed to do, they insisted, was to \"declare a fact which already exists\". Delegates from Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, and New York were still not yet authorized to vote for independence, however, and some of them threatened to leave Congress if the resolution were adopted. Congress, therefore, voted on June 10 to postpone further discussion of Lee's resolution for three weeks. Until then, Congress decided that a committee should prepare a document announcing and explaining", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "20333", "text": "American Revolution The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in alliance with France and others. Members of American colonial society argued the position of \"no taxation without representation\", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked members in that governing body. Protests steadily escalated to the Boston Massacre in 1770 and", "title": "American Revolution" }, { "id": "494127", "text": "Congress called \"Resolutions, Acts and Orders of Congress\", which gives a day-to-day description of debates and issues. Although the delegates in the early period were divided as to whether to break from Crown rule, the second Continental Congress on July 2, 1776, passed a resolution asserting independence, with no opposing vote recorded. The Declaration of Independence was issued two days later, declaring a new nation: the \"United States of America\". It established a Continental Army, giving command to one of its members, George Washington of Virginia. It waged war with Great Britain, made a militia treaty with France, and funded", "title": "Continental Congress" }, { "id": "3719207", "text": "in 1775 the American War of Independence began. The following year, the colonists declared the independence of the United States and with economic and naval assistance from France, would go on to win the war in 1783. The Treaties of Versailles were signed, also ending war with the French and Spanish. The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War ended the following year. The loss of the United States, at the time Britain's most populous colony, is seen by historians as the event defining the transition between the \"first\" and \"second\" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia,", "title": "Early modern Britain" }, { "id": "4041269", "text": "Suffolk Resolves The Suffolk Resolves was a declaration made on September 9, 1774 by the leaders of Suffolk County, Massachusetts, of which Boston is the major city. The declaration rejected the Massachusetts Government Act and resolved on a boycott of imported goods from Britain unless the Intolerable Acts were repealed. The Resolves were recognized by statesman Edmund Burke as a major development in colonial animosity leading to adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1776, and he urged British conciliation with the American colonies, to little effect. The First Continental Congress endorsed", "title": "Suffolk Resolves" }, { "id": "434468", "text": "America, so the First Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia in September 1774 to coordinate a response. Congress organized a boycott of British goods and petitioned the king for repeal of the acts. These measures were unsuccessful because King George and the ministry of Prime Minister Lord North were determined to enforce parliamentary supremacy in America. As the king wrote to North in November 1774, \"blows must decide whether they are to be subject to this country or independent\". Most colonists still hoped for reconciliation with Great Britain, even after fighting began in the American Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "20210767", "text": "The Declaration of Independence, drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson, was unanimously adopted by the Congress on July 4. Historian George Billias says: Benjamin Franklin, the chief American diplomat in Paris, proved highly popular with elite French opinion, including intellectuals and the Royal court. France wanted revenge after its defeat in the 1760s, and again heavily funding the American revolt. After the Americans captured a British invasion force at Saratoga, in upstate New York in 1777, the French officially declared war on Britain, recognize the independence of the new United States, and were joined officially by the Dutch (who recognized the", "title": "International relations, 1648–1814" }, { "id": "434478", "text": "against the colonies, \"it is necessary that the exercise of every kind of authority under the said crown should be totally suppressed\". Adams's preamble was meant to encourage the overthrow of the governments of Pennsylvania and Maryland, which were still under proprietary governance. Congress passed the preamble on May 15 after several days of debate, but four of the middle colonies voted against it, and the Maryland delegation walked out in protest. Adams regarded his May 15 preamble effectively as an American declaration of independence, although a formal declaration would still have to be made. On the same day that", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434514", "text": "in 1941, the documents were moved for safekeeping to the United States Bullion Depository at Fort Knox in Kentucky, where they were kept until 1944. In 1952, the engrossed Declaration was transferred to the National Archives and is now on permanent display at the National Archives in the \"Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom\". The document signed by Congress and enshrined in the National Archives is usually regarded as \"the\" Declaration of Independence, but historian Julian P. Boyd argued that the Declaration, like Magna Carta, is not a single document. Boyd considered the printed broadsides ordered by Congress to be", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "470013", "text": "and become states. The Second Continental Congress assembled in May 1775 and began to coordinate armed resistance against Britain. It established a government that recruited soldiers and printed its own money. General Washington took command of the Patriot soldiers in New England and forced the British to withdraw from Boston. In 1776, the Thirteen Colonies declared their independence from Britain. With the help of France and Spain, they defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War. In the Treaty of Paris (1783), Britain officially recognized the independence of the United States of America. The colonial population rose to a quarter", "title": "Thirteen Colonies" }, { "id": "20454", "text": "land in six states. American Revolution The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in alliance with France and others. Members of American colonial society argued the position of \"no taxation without representation\", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked members in that governing body. Protests steadily escalated to the Boston", "title": "American Revolution" }, { "id": "432657", "text": "coastal cities. 1780–81 was a low point for Britain. Taxes and deficits were high, government corruption was pervasive, and the war in America was entering its sixth year with no apparent end in sight. The Gordon Riots erupted in London during the spring of 1781, in response to increased concessions to Catholics by Parliament. In October 1781 Lord Cornwallis surrendered his army at Yorktown, Virginia. The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783, formally terminating the war and recognising the independence of the United States. The loss of the Thirteen Colonies, at the time Britain's most populous colonies, marked the", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "7483782", "text": "the North Carolina resolutions of April 12 and the Virginia resolutions of May 15. The proposal, known as the Lee Resolution, was moved in Congress on June 7 by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia. During these allotted three weeks Congress agreed to appoint a committee to draft a broadside statement to proclaim to the world the reasons for taking America out of the British Empire, if the Congress were to declare the said sovereign independencies. The actual declaration of \"American Independence\" is precisely the text comprising the final paragraph of the published broadside of July 4. The broadside's final paragraph", "title": "Committee of Five" }, { "id": "14733714", "text": "the subjects thereof. United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom An Act Declaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Dependencies Thereof and the United States of America and Their Territories was passed by the 12th United States Congress on June 18, 1812, thereby beginning the War of 1812. It was signed by James Madison, the 4th President of the United States. \"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled\", That war be and is hereby declared to exist between the United", "title": "United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "2840379", "text": "Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay were authors of", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "15717321", "text": "in favor and New York abstaining. The date that the Declaration was signed has long been the subject of debate. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams all wrote that it was signed by Congress on the day when it was adopted on July 4, 1776. That assertion is seemingly confirmed by the signed copy of the Declaration, which is dated July 4. Additional support for the July 4 date is provided by the \"Journals of Congress\", the official public record of the Continental Congress. The proceedings for 1776 were first published in 1777, and the entry for July 4", "title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "280039", "text": "of the 19th, independence movements that sprung up across the continent, led to the creation of the modern countries in the area. The 13 British colonies on the North Atlantic coast declared independence in 1776, becoming the United States of America. Canada was formed from the unification of northern territories controlled by Britain and France. New Spain, a territory that stretched from modern-day southern US to Central America, declared independence in 1810, becoming the First Mexican Empire. In 1823 the former Captaincy General of Guatemala, then part of the Mexican Empire, became the first independent state in Central America, officially", "title": "North America" }, { "id": "434469", "text": "in April 1775. The Second Continental Congress convened at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia in May 1775, and some delegates hoped for eventual independence, but no one yet advocated declaring it. Many colonists no longer believed that Parliament had any sovereignty over them, yet they still professed loyalty to King George, who they hoped would intercede on their behalf. They were disappointed in late 1775 when the king rejected Congress's second petition, issued a Proclamation of Rebellion, and announced before Parliament on October 26 that he was considering \"friendly offers of foreign assistance\" to suppress the rebellion. A pro-American", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "12417835", "text": "rule in 1775 when they rejected the right of the Parliament of Great Britain to govern them without representation; they proclaimed their independence in 1776, and constituted the first thirteen states of the United States of America, which became a sovereign state in 1781 with the ratification of the Articles of Confederation. The 1783 Treaty of Paris represented Great Britain's formal acknowledgement of the United States' sovereignty at the end of the American Revolutionary War. Nevertheless, longstanding cultural and historical ties have, in more modern times, resulted in the Special Relationship, the historically close political, diplomatic, and military co-operation between", "title": "British people" }, { "id": "434506", "text": "most assuredly we shall all hang separately.\" The quotation did not appear in print until more than fifty years after Franklin's death. The Syng inkstand used at the signing was also used at the signing of the United States Constitution in 1787. After Congress approved the final wording of the Declaration on July 4, a handwritten copy was sent a few blocks away to the printing shop of John Dunlap. Through the night, Dunlap printed about 200 broadsides for distribution. Before long, it was being read to audiences and reprinted in newspapers throughout the 13 states. The first formal public", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "1722344", "text": "History of the United States (1776–1789) Between 1776 and 1789, the United States of America emerged as an independent country, creating and ratifying its new constitution and establishing its national government. In order to assert their traditional rights, American Patriots seized control of the colonies and launched a war for independence. The Americans declared independence on July 4, 1776, proclaiming \"all men are created equal\". Congress raised the Continental Army under the command of General George Washington, forged a military alliance with France and defeated the two main British invasion armies. Nationalists replaced the governing Articles of Confederation to strengthen", "title": "History of the United States (1776–1789)" }, { "id": "434487", "text": "another copy incorporating these alterations. The committee presented this copy to the Congress on June 28, 1776. The title of the document was \"A Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled.\" Congress ordered that the draft \"lie on the table\" and then methodically edited Jefferson's primary document for the next two days, shortening it by a fourth, removing unnecessary wording, and improving sentence structure. They removed Jefferson's assertion that Great Britain had forced slavery on the colonies in order to moderate the document and appease persons in Great Britain who supported the Revolution.", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "4289620", "text": "resulted in the transfer of New France to Great Britain. The Thirteen Colonies, in lower British North America, rebelled against British rule in 1775, largely due to the taxation that Great Britain was imposing on the colonies. The British colonies in Canada remained loyal to the crown, and a provisional government formed by the Thirteen Colonies proclaimed their independence on July 4, 1776 and subsequently became the original 13 United States of America. With the 1783 Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolutionary War, Britain recognised the former Thirteen Colonies' independence. A recent development in early modern history is the", "title": "Early modern period" }, { "id": "5488542", "text": "1776, fighting between the American colonists and the British forces had been going on for over a year. On July 2, the Second Continental Congress voted on the Lee Resolution to secede. Two days later, they approved the final wording of a public declaration regarding their decision, which we today call the Declaration of Independence. President of Congress John Hancock signed the fair copy with Secretary of Congress Charles Thomson attesting it. That evening Hancock ordered Dunlap to print broadside copies of the declaration. Dunlap printed perhaps 200 broadsides, since known as the Dunlap broadsides, which were the first published", "title": "John Dunlap" }, { "id": "2840410", "text": "Hancock, Henry, Morris, Marshall, Rush, and Paine). Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2741403", "text": "Revolutionary War, and continued with the Siege of Boston. The British evacuated Boston on March 17, 1776, ending the siege and bringing the city under patriot control. On May 1, 1776, the General Assembly adopted a resolution declaring independence in the name of \"The Government and People of the Massachusetts Bay in New England\". This was followed by the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring the independence of all of the Thirteen Colonies. The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts was agreed upon in Cambridge in October 1779 and adopted by the delegates nine months later", "title": "Province of Massachusetts Bay" }, { "id": "14713675", "text": "the Liberties: America and the World\". \"It is romantic to think that Benjamin Franklin, the greatest printer of his day, was there in Dunlap's shop to supervise, and that Jefferson, the nervous author, was also close at hand.\" John Adams later wrote that, \"We were all in haste.\" The Dunlap broadsides were sent across the new United States over the next two days, including to Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, George Washington, who directed that the Declaration be read to the troops on July 9. Another copy was sent to England. In 1949, 14 copies of the Dunlap broadside were", "title": "Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "15717332", "text": "all hang separately.\" The quotation did not appear in print until more than 50 years after Franklin's death. Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the \"United States of America,\" and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war", "title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434472", "text": "had been able to. Adams labeled the Prohibitory Act the \"Act of Independency\", calling it \"a compleat Dismemberment of the British Empire\". Support for declaring independence grew even more when it was confirmed that King George had hired German mercenaries to use against his American subjects. Despite this growing popular support for independence, Congress lacked the clear authority to declare it. Delegates had been elected to Congress by 13 different governments, which included extralegal conventions, ad hoc committees, and elected assemblies, and they were bound by the instructions given to them. Regardless of their personal opinions, delegates could not vote", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434496", "text": "the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion. Jefferson's most immediate sources were two documents written in June 1776: his own draft of the preamble of the Constitution of Virginia, and George Mason's draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights. Ideas and phrases from both of these documents appear in the Declaration of Independence. They were, in turn, directly influenced by the 1689 English Declaration of Rights, which formally ended the reign of King James II. During the American Revolution, Jefferson and other Americans looked to the English Declaration of Rights as a model of how to end", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "3384599", "text": "prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail: Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress. Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on", "title": "Independence Day (United States)" }, { "id": "2761862", "text": "New England in 1620, in the colony of Plymouth. In the late 18th century, the New England colonies would be among the first North American British colonies to demonstrate ambitions of independence from the British Crown, although they would later threaten secession over the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain. New England produced the first examples of American literature and philosophy and was home to the beginnings of free public education. In the 19th century, it played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery in the United States. It was the first region of the", "title": "Eastern United States" }, { "id": "434473", "text": "to declare independence unless their instructions permitted such an action. Several colonies, in fact, expressly prohibited their delegates from taking any steps towards separation from Great Britain, while other delegations had instructions that were ambiguous on the issue; consequently, advocates of independence sought to have the Congressional instructions revised. For Congress to declare independence, a majority of delegations would need authorization to vote for it, and at least one colonial government would need to specifically instruct its delegation to propose a declaration of independence in Congress. Between April and July 1776, a \"complex political war\" was waged to bring this", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "13102579", "text": "United States agreed to negotiate with Britain separately, then with France. In July 1782, the Earl of Shelburne offered the Americans independence, but Jay rejected the offer on the grounds that it did not recognize American independence during the negotiations; Jay's dissent halted negotiations until the fall. The final treaty dictated that the United States would have Newfoundland fishing rights, Britain would acknowledge the United States as independent and would withdraw its troops in exchange for the United States ending the seizure of Loyalist property and honoring private debts. The treaty granted the United States independence, but left many border", "title": "John Jay" }, { "id": "434488", "text": "Jefferson wrote that Congress had \"mangled\" his draft version, but the Declaration that was finally produced was \"the majestic document that inspired both contemporaries and posterity,\" in the words of his biographer John Ferling. Congress tabled the draft of the declaration on Monday, July 1 and resolved itself into a committee of the whole, with Benjamin Harrison of Virginia presiding, and they resumed debate on Lee's resolution of independence. John Dickinson made one last effort to delay the decision, arguing that Congress should not declare independence without first securing a foreign alliance and finalizing the Articles of Confederation. John Adams", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434512", "text": "to 1810, the percentage of free blacks in the Upper South increased to 8.3 percent from less than one percent of the black population. All Northern states abolished slavery by 1804. The official copy of the Declaration of Independence was the one printed on July 4, 1776, under Jefferson's supervision. It was sent to the states and to the Army and was widely reprinted in newspapers. The slightly different \"engrossed copy\" (shown at the top of this article) was made later for members to sign. The engrossed version is the one widely distributed in the 21st century. Note that the", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "5336696", "text": "final version of the Declaration on July 4, marking the formation of the United States of America. Historians believe that the Old State House Bell, now known as the Liberty Bell, was one of the bells rung to mark the reading of the Declaration on July 8. After 1781, the national government operated under the Articles of Confederation, which gave the federal government virtually no power to regulate domestic affairs or raise revenue. At the Annapolis Convention in September 1786, the delegates asked for a broader meeting to be held the next May in Philadelphia to address the regulation of", "title": "Independence National Historical Park" }, { "id": "434542", "text": "that the Declaration of Independence was signed. The adoption of the Declaration of Independence was dramatized in the 1969 Tony Award–winning musical \"1776\" and the 1972 film version, as well as in the 2008 television miniseries \"John Adams\". In 1970, The 5th Dimension recorded the opening of the Declaration on their album \"Portrait\" in the song \"Declaration\". It was first performed on the \"Ed Sullivan Show\" on December 7, 1969, and it was taken as a song of protest against the Vietnam War. The Declaration of Independence is also a plot device in the 2004 American film \"National Treasure\". United", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434484", "text": "to remain against independence. But Samuel Chase went to Maryland and, thanks to local resolutions in favor of independence, was able to get the Annapolis Convention to change its mind on June 28. Only the New York delegates were unable to get revised instructions. When Congress had been considering the resolution of independence on June 8, the New York Provincial Congress told the delegates to wait. But on June 30, the Provincial Congress evacuated New York as British forces approached, and would not convene again until July 10. This meant that New York's delegates would not be authorized to declare", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434519", "text": "its original purpose in announcing the independence of the United States. Early celebrations of Independence Day largely ignored the Declaration, as did early histories of the Revolution. The \"act\" of declaring independence was considered important, whereas the \"text\" announcing that act attracted little attention. The Declaration was rarely mentioned during the debates about the United States Constitution, and its language was not incorporated into that document. George Mason's draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights was more influential, and its language was echoed in state constitutions and state bills of rights more often than Jefferson's words. \"In none of these", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "749125", "text": "foreign governments. The seal was once required on presidential [[proclamation]]s, and on some now-obsolete documents such as [[exequatur]]s and [[Mediterranean pass]]ports. On July 4, 1776, the same day that independence from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] was declared by the thirteen states, the [[Second Continental Congress|Continental Congress]] named the first committee to design a Great Seal, or national emblem, for the country. Similar to other nations, the United States needed an official symbol of sovereignty to formalize and seal (or sign) international treaties and transactions. It took six years, three committees, and the contributions of fourteen men before the [[Congress", "title": "Great Seal of the United States" }, { "id": "1380731", "text": "British Parliament's insistence on taxing colonists without their consent. In 1775, the American Revolutionary War began, as the Americans trapped the British army in Boston and suppressed the Loyalists who supported the Crown. In 1776 the Americans declared the independence of the United States of America. Under the military leadership of General George Washington, and, with economic and military assistance from France, the Dutch Republic, and Spain, the United States held off successive British invasions. The Americans captured two main British armies in 1777 and 1781. After that King George III lost control of Parliament and was unable to continue", "title": "Kingdom of Great Britain" }, { "id": "14713685", "text": "National Archives Rotunda in 2003. On April 21, 2017, the Declaration Resources Project at Harvard University announced that a second parchment manuscript copy had been discovered at West Sussex Record Office in Chichester, England. Named the \"Sussex Declaration\" by its finders, Danielle Allen and Emily Sneff, it differs from the National Archives copy (which the finders refer to as the \"Matlack Declaration\") in that the signatures on it are not grouped by States. How it came to be in England is not yet known, but the finders believe that the randomness of the signatures points to an origin with signatory", "title": "Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434501", "text": "provide historical and legal clarity about the Constitution and other laws. The Declaration became official when Congress voted for it on July 4; signatures of the delegates were not needed to make it official. The handwritten copy of the Declaration of Independence that was signed by Congress is dated July 4, 1776. The signatures of fifty-six delegates are affixed; however, the exact date when each person signed it has long been the subject of debate. Jefferson, Franklin, and Adams all wrote that the Declaration had been signed by Congress on July 4. But in 1796, signer Thomas McKean disputed that", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "434527", "text": "followed, many stories about the writing and signing of the document were published for the first time. When interest in the Declaration was revived, the sections that were most important in 1776 were no longer relevant: the announcement of the independence of the United States and the grievances against King George. But the second paragraph was applicable long after the war had ended, with its talk of self-evident truths and unalienable rights. The Constitution and the Bill of Rights lacked sweeping statements about rights and equality, and advocates of groups with grievances turned to the Declaration for support. Starting in", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "6223402", "text": "in American history. None of the 39 Federalists in Congress voted in favor of the war; critics of war subsequently referred to it as \"Mr. Madison's War.\" Origins of the War of 1812 The War of 1812, a war between the United States, Great Britain, and Britain's Indian allies, lasted from 1812 to 1815. The U.S. declared war and historians have long debated the multiple factors behind that decision. There were several causes for the U.S. declaration of war: First, a series of trade restrictions introduced by Britain to impede American trade with France, a country with which Britain was", "title": "Origins of the War of 1812" }, { "id": "13676072", "text": "Ratification Day (United States) Ratification Day in the United States is the anniversary of the ratification of the Treaty of Paris on January 14, 1784, at the Maryland State House in Annapolis, Maryland by the Confederation Congress. This act officially ended the American Revolutionary War. The Journals of the Continental Congress reports that the Confederation Congress issued a proclamation on April 11, 1783, \"Declaring the cessation of arms\" against Great Britain. The preliminary articles of peace were approved by Congress on April 15, 1783, and the Treaty of Paris was ratified on January 14, 1784. An excerpt from the proclamation", "title": "Ratification Day (United States)" }, { "id": "5018", "text": "English, \"American\" was used especially for people in the British America. Samuel Johnson, the leading English lexicographer, wrote in 1775, before the United States declared independence: \"That the Americans are able to bear taxation is indubitable.\" The Declaration of Independence of July 1776 refers to \"[the] unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America\" adopted by the \"Representatives of the United States of America\" on July 4, 1776. The official name of the country was reaffirmed on November 15, 1777, when the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, the first of which says, \"The Stile of this", "title": "American (word)" }, { "id": "2095219", "text": "Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence is a text published in 1819 with the claim that it was the first declaration of independence made in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. It was supposedly signed on May 20, 1775, in Charlotte, North Carolina, by a committee of citizens of Mecklenburg County, who declared independence from Great Britain after hearing of the battle of Lexington. If the story is true, the Mecklenburg Declaration preceded the United States Declaration of Independence by more than a year. The authenticity of the Mecklenburg Declaration has been disputed since it was", "title": "Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "724720", "text": "issue a declaration of independence; the earliest surviving example is Scotland's Declaration of Arbroath in 1320, with the most recent example being Azawad's declaration of independence in 2012. Declaring independence and attaining it however, are quite different. A well-known successful example is the U.S. Declaration of Independence issued in 1776. The dates of established independence (or, less commonly, the commencement of revolution), are typically celebrated as a national holiday known as an independence day. Historically, there have been three major periods of declaring independence: Independence Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and", "title": "Independence" }, { "id": "739757", "text": "On July 4, 1776 they adopted the Declaration of Independence and this date is celebrated as the nation's birthday. Historian George Billias says: On September 9, 1776, Congress officially changed the nation's name to the United States of America. Until this point, the nation was known as the \"United Colonies of America\" The new nation was founded on Enlightenment ideals of liberalism in what Thomas Jefferson called the unalienable rights to \"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness\", and dedicated strongly to republican principles. Republicanism emphasized the people are sovereign (not hereditary kings), demanded civic duty, feared corruption, and rejected", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "id": "6223401", "text": "the territorial expansion. On the first of June 1812, President James Madison gave a speech to the U.S. Congress, recounting American grievances against Great Britain, though not specifically calling for a declaration of war. After Madison's speech, the House of Representatives quickly voted (79 to 49) to declare war, and the Senate by 19 to 13. The conflict formally began on 18 June 1812 when Madison signed the measure into law. This was the first time that the United States had declared war on another nation, and the Congressional vote would prove to be the closest vote to declare war", "title": "Origins of the War of 1812" }, { "id": "494139", "text": "lent by France. The Bank of North America played a major role in financing the war against Great Britain. The combined armies of George Washington and Nathanael Greene, with the help of the French Army and Navy, defeated the British in the Battle of Yorktown during October 1781. Lord Cornwallis was forced to sue for peace and to surrender his entire army to General Washington. During 1783, the Americans secured the official recognition of the independence of the United States from the United Kingdom via negotiations with British diplomats in Paris, France. These negotiations culminated with the signing of the", "title": "Continental Congress" }, { "id": "434480", "text": "part of the resolution relating to declaring independence read: Resolved, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. Lee's resolution met with resistance in the ensuing debate. Opponents of the resolution conceded that reconciliation was unlikely with Great Britain, while arguing that declaring independence was premature, and that securing foreign aid should take priority. Advocates of the resolution countered that foreign governments", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "4985925", "text": "1777, after a year of debate. It continued in use from that time onward, although it was not ratified by all states until four years later on March 1, 1781. When the American Revolutionary War began in 1775, few colonists in British North America openly advocated independence from Great Britain. Support for independence grew steadily in 1776, especially after the publication of Thomas Paine's pamphlet \"Common Sense\" in January of that year. In the Second Continental Congress, the movement towards independence was guided principally by an informal alliance of delegates eventually known as the \"Adams-Lee Junto\", after Samuel Adams and", "title": "Lee Resolution" } ]

[ "4 May 2018" ]

[ { "id": "20203768", "text": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India (English: \"My Name is Surya and My Home is India\") is a 2018 Indian Telugu-language action film written and directed by Vakkantham Vamsi in his directorial debut. Produced by Shirisha and Sridhar Lagadapati under the banner Ramalakshmi Cine Creations, it stars Allu Arjun and Anu Emmanuel in the lead roles. The film was released on 4 May 2018. Surya (Allu Arjun) is an soldier in the Indian Army who suffers from anger management issues and dreams of being posted at the LOC. After getting into a brawl at", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203783", "text": "action sequence, something that Tollywood is well known for.\" Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India (English: \"My Name is Surya and My Home is India\") is a 2018 Indian Telugu-language action film written and directed by Vakkantham Vamsi in his directorial debut. Produced by Shirisha and Sridhar Lagadapati under the banner Ramalakshmi Cine Creations, it stars Allu Arjun and Anu Emmanuel in the lead roles. The film was released on 4 May 2018. Surya (Allu Arjun) is an soldier in the Indian Army who suffers from anger management issues and dreams of being posted", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203776", "text": "Illu India\" pre-release event was organized on 29 April at Gachibowli Stadium, Hyderabad. The film was released on 4 May 2018 along with its dubbed versions simultaneously in Tamil as \"En Peyar Surya, En Veedu India\" and in Malayalam as \"Ente Peru Surya Ente Veedu India\" and later in Hindi as \"Surya: The Soldier\" on 7 September 2018. \"Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India\" received mixed reviews, critics appreciated Allu Arjun's performance, calling it the \"biggest strength to the film,\" and his \"career-best performance\". \"The Hans India\" gave it 3.25/5 stars, writing, \"Na Peru Surya, Na Illu India is a", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203774", "text": "life, after which Anwar shows his care for his nation. Surya receives Raju's signature, and a few months later is shown to be standing at the border hoisting the Indian Flag. The film marks the debut of Vamsi as a director. Vamsi has previously written stories for successful films such as \"Kick\" (2009) and \"Race Gurram\" (2014). The film stars Allu Arjun and Anu Emmanuel in the lead roles while Arjun Sarja and R. Sarathkumar play supporting roles. Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao, Rajeev Ravi and Rajeevan are the editor, cinematographer and art director respectively. The movie teaser was released on 1", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203775", "text": "January 2018 and registered 10 million digital views within 29 hours on YouTube. The soundtrack for the film is composed by Vishal-Shekhar. The original score is composed by Vishal-Shekhar and John Stewart Eduri. The first single from the film, \"Sainika\", was released on Indian Republic Day, 26 January 2018 as a tribute to the soldiers of the Indian Army. The film's second single \"Lover Also, Fighter Also\" was released on 14 February 2018. The \"Naa Peru Surya Naa Illu India\" audio launch event was held on 22 April at Military Madhavaram, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh. The \"Naa Peru Surya- Naa", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "18648111", "text": "critics. His first release of 2016, \"Sarrainodu\" directed by Boyapati Srinu, opened to mixed to positive reviews from critics. With this film, Allu Arjun has scored his third consecutive blockbuster film during summer after \"Race Gurram\" and \"S/0 Satyamurthy\". His next release was \"Duvvada Jagannadham\" directed by Harish Shankar. It received generally mixed to positive reviews from critics but went on to become one of the biggest hits of 2017. On May 4th, 2018, Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India directed by Vakkantham Vamsi released to mixed reviews from critics. Allu Arjun had played the role of an aggressive soldier", "title": "Allu Arjun, roles and awards" }, { "id": "7177395", "text": "- Telugu and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor - Telugu. Later, he acted in \"Sarainodu\", directed by Boyapati Srinu. In 2016, he collaborated with producer Dil Raju for the third time for \"Duvvada Jagannadham\". In 2018, his film under the direction of writer turned director Vakkantham Vamsi, \"Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India\" was released. In the film he acted as an Indian Army soldier who has anger management issues. According to Google, Arjun was the most searched Tollywood star in 2016. Allu Arjun Allu Arjun is an Indian film actor who primarily works in Telugu cinema. After", "title": "Allu Arjun" }, { "id": "20203769", "text": "a local club and attacking Inspector Pradeep Negi (Ravi Kale) and stealing the latter's gun, Surya uses it to shoot dead a terrorist right when the officer comes to ask for his gun from Surya's senior Col. Sanjay Shrivastav (Boman Irani). After being court martialled for indisciplinary action, Surya's godfather (Rao Ramesh) requests Shrivastav to give Surya a final chance. Shrivastav agrees on the condition that Surya gets a signature of approval from the country's top psychologist and the Dean of the Institution of Psychology and Foreign Languages, Dr. Ramakrishna Raju (Arjun Sarja), who happens to be Surya's estranged father.", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203781", "text": "“\"Naa Peru Surya\"” has Allu Arjun’s best performance, but it doesn’t involve you totally.\" \"Times of India\" gave it 2.5/5 stars, reviewing, \"\"Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India\" is a hard film to describe, what with so much happening in a span of fewer than 3 hours. The film has all the requirements of a commercial potboiler – there’s unbridled patriotism, a love track, a family drama, an ambitious man striving to make it big in his career, several points of conflict replete with goondas and other moral dilemmas that all play out, interspersed at regular intervals with colourful and", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203779", "text": "from Allu Arjun who carried the movie on his shoulders. The interval block sets the stand correctly for the second half to unfold in its way. As the film progresses, the screenplay becomes weak, and the audiences will feel bored, but the director cleverly wrote the s do not deviate. On the whole, the film has everything that the audiences would love about the movie, but still, it could have been a much better one considering the scope to elevate.\" \"Indiaglitz\" gave it 2.75/5 stars, writing, \"Overall Allu Arjun's summer release is a mixed bag of goodies. The fans are", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203773", "text": "the challenge. However, he addresses his mistake publicly and refuses to take the signature. Having completely realized his err, Surya attacks and kidnaps Challa's son, asking Challa to help him find Anwar (Vikram Sahadev), Mustafa's son, who expressed his hatred against the nation, which he believes did not recognize his father's sacrifices or death and left his home. Surya fears Anwar may follow a wrong path, and both he and Challa set off on a mission to recover Anwar. On finding Anwar in Mumbai, Surya makes him realize his mistake and warns him not to take the wrong route in", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203772", "text": "his anger and even becoming used to living within the society have reformed. However, things take a turn when he ends up as the sole witness of the murder of Mustafa (Sai Kumar) in the hands of Challa's son, over a property dispute. He keeps quiet about this, as he learns from the society. However, he is guilt-tripped when a police officer (Raja Chembolu) who was investigating Mustafa's murder addresses him as someone who made a great impact on the latter's life. Meanwhile, Surya reconciles with his father, returns to his family, makes up with Varsha, and seemingly has won", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203780", "text": "sure to relish the actor's rugged avatar, the actor after his role in \"Arya\" and \"Arya 2\" has come to exhibit variety as an angry young man.\" \"Greatandhra\" gave it 2.75/5 stars, reviewing, \"Despite enough scope for fully extracting these emotions to the fullest, the first time director has not used them well. Instead, he put all his creative guns on the characterization of Surya, the protagonist who has anger management issues. Vakkantham Vamsi as the writer has chosen the right plot line, but his execution completely falters due to lack of experience. The emotions look forced. All in all,", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203770", "text": "In order to fulfil his dream of going to the border, Surya agrees, taking up home with Kishore (Vennela Kishore), a passport officer who has been waiting for a year for a similar signature from Raju. Upon meeting, Surya and Raju refuse to acknowledge each other, and Raju questions Surya's personal life. Surya reveals to Raju about his relationship with Varsha (Anu Emmanuel), who he broke up with when she distanced him on finding of his profession and his disrespecting her uncle (Posani Krishna Murali). Surya gets frustrated, in turn accusing Raju of enjoying himself on listening to Surya's failures.", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203778", "text": "half, he made sure that he sticks to the basic plot of the film towards the climax. Allu Arjun stands out in the film with his stylish and terrific performance. The core plot is handled well. But the infusion of commercial elements plays spoilsport. On a while, Naa Peru Surya is a film that genuinely explores about fighting your own weakness and fighting the enemies within India!\" \"Chitramala\" gave it 3/5 stars, noting, \"\"Na Peru Surya, Na Illu India\" is a film which is indeed not to be missed because of the action elements. The film has a gas performance", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203777", "text": "film that gives us solid entertainment throughout the movie. The film starts off impressively and takes a U-turn to the interval point. The best part of the movie is that the director is stuck to the core point and did not deviate himself from the main content\" \"Idlebrain\" gave it a 3/5 rating and wrote \"First half of the film sets up the plot and is alright. The second half of the film has good writing and intense scenes. Though the director tried to cater to all cross section of audiences by having all types of elements in the first", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "14373628", "text": "17245 feet in length. The list was compiled from The Hindu review article and from the database of Film News Anandan. Both Telugu and Tamil versions of the film were directed by Chittor V. Nagaiah, who also produced the films under the banner \"Our India Films\". Chandilyan wrote the dialogues. Vidyavathi, whose real life name was Ambujavalli, who was the younger sister of actress Sandhya (mother of J. Jayalalitha, played a supporting role in her debut. There were two dance sequences for which the songs were in Hindi, both sung by Meena Kapoor of Bombay. Choreography was done by Satyam.", "title": "Naa Illu" }, { "id": "20203782", "text": "highly choreographed songs.\" \"AP Herald\" gave it 2.5/5 stars, reviewing, \"Though his cast including Arjun and Sarathkumar have supported him with their performances, Vamsy struggles to weave an uninteresting screenplay, as the first half takes too much time establishing the characters, and with too many action shots bores the viewer, Besides, the second half moves on a very unpredictable note, and the masala factor takes over the content, thereby impacting the quality.\" \"Hindustan Times\" gave it 2.5/5 stars, concluding, \"\"Naa Peru Surya\" is a film that would work purely because of dramatic emotional moments in combination with the high powered", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "20203771", "text": "Raju then reveals about Surya to the entire university. Surya then takes up a challenge from Raju to control his anger for 3 weeks and not cause any fights from the following day. He, however, beats up a young gangster (Thakur Anoop Singh) when the latter makes a commotion in the middle of the road, who is revealed to be the son of a dreaded gangster Challa (R. Sarathkumar), the very day before the challenge is to start, as a final fight. In the following days, Surya encounters several situations with Challa and his men; however, being able to control", "title": "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India" }, { "id": "6772119", "text": "Peru Surya, Naa Illu India\" with Allu Arjun, followed by \"Irumbu Thirai\", a Tamil action movie co-starred with Vishal. The film was a Blockbuster at the box office. In October 2018, Sruthi Hariharan took to social media to accuse Arjun Sarja of sexual misconduct on the sets of 2016 Kannada film, Vismaya. In her complaint, she also mentioned a couple of more incidents from November and December 2015. She filed sexual harassment case with the police against him as well. Arjun Sarja on the other hand has filed a Rs 5 Crore defamation case against Sruthi Hariharan in the Bangalore", "title": "Arjun Sarja" }, { "id": "20749704", "text": "was completed in 2016. Almost the whole movie has been shot in Canada. Initially the makers of the film had plans to release the film on June 29 but the producer of the movie Zain Farooqi said that they decided to release the film early as the Supreme Court put a temporary ban on Bollywood movies on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr to support the Pakistani cinema. The film released nationwide by Hum Films on the Eid al-Fitr, 16 June 2018. It released internationally on 29 June, and grossed more than lifetime, mostly from overseas box office. \"The Nation\" praised", "title": "Na Band Na Baraati" }, { "id": "20434255", "text": "Naam (2018 film) Naam (English: Us) is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written, directed and produced by debutant Joshy Thomas Pallickal. It features and tells the story of a group of youngsters. Principal photography commenced in February 2017 at Mundakayam. The other locations were Kuttikkanam and Ponkunnam. The music and background score for the film is composed by Ashwin and Sandeep. The audio launch was held in Kochi on 11 November. The film will have 9 songs penned by Shabareesh Varma. The film was released on 11 May 2018. \"The Times of India\" rated the film 3 out of", "title": "Naam (2018 film)" }, { "id": "14373629", "text": "The film was shot at Vauhini and Revathi studios and was processed at Vijaya Lab. Music was composed by V. Nagaiah assisted by A. Rama Rao. Lyrics were penned by Papanasam Sivan, Surabhi, Kashyap and Mohan. Singer is V. Nagaiah and playback singers are T. A. Mothi, V. J. Varma, M. L. Vasanthakumari, R. Balasaraswathi, Jikki and N. L. Ganasaraswathi. In spite of a good story and performance by Nagaiah and others, the film was not successful at the box office. Film historian Randor Guy wrote in 2009 that the film is \"Remembered for Nagaiah's excellent performance and for the", "title": "Naa Illu" }, { "id": "19730769", "text": "Naam Shabana Naam Shabana () is a 2017 Indian action spy-thriller film directed by Shivam Nair and produced by Neeraj Pandey and Aruna Bhatia. It is a spin-off from the 2015 film \"Baby\" with Taapsee Pannu reprising her role as Shabana. Akshay Kumar and Prithviraj Sukumaran play important supporting roles in the film. The film is dubbed into Telugu and Tamil languages and was released on 31 March 2017. The Tamil title was ‘Naanthan Shabana’. One day after its release in Pakistan the film was banned in the country for being an Indian perspective. The film begins with two Indian", "title": "Naam Shabana" }, { "id": "19050617", "text": "was chosen as the main antagonist. Srikanth, Suman and Jayaprakash were chosen for other important roles. Priyamani, Anushka Shetty and Disha Patani were reported to have been approached for an item number. However, it was Anjali who danced in the number with Arjun. Allu Arjun wanted to release the film on 8 April 2016, his birthday, but the worldwide release date was moved to 22 April 2016. The film was later dubbed in Hindi and released on YouTube by Goldmines Telefilms on 28 May 2017. Allu Arjun and Aadhi Pinisetty's voices were dubbed by Sanket Mhatre and Manoj Pandey respectively", "title": "Sarrainodu" }, { "id": "19758385", "text": "Neeraj Pandey’s national award winner film titled Baby), Ghalib Danger (movie adaptation of Neeraj Pandey’s novel) & films helmed by Shivam Nair, Chandra Prakash Dwivedi, Anurag Singh (director), Anvita Dutt Guptan & Shree Narayan Singh. Naam Shabana was released on 31 March 2017. , starring Akshay Kumar and Bhumi Pednekar was released worldwide on 11 August 2017. It is a love story with a satirical flavor directed by Shree Narayan Singh and produced by Aruna Bhatia, Plan C Studios and Abundantia. It is presented by Viacom 18 and KriArj Entertainment. Aiyaary, starring Sidharth Malhotra and Manoj Bajpayee was released on", "title": "Plan C Studios" }, { "id": "20217654", "text": "Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran ( Atom: The Story of Pokhran; ) is a 2018 Indian historical action drama film directed by Abhishek Sharma and jointly written by Saiwyn Quadras, Sanyuktha Chawla Sheikh and Abhishek Sharma. It was produced by the banners Zee Studios and JA Entertainment. The film is based on the nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by the Indian Army at Pokhran in 1998. It stars John Abraham, Diana Penty and Boman Irani in lead roles. \"Parmanu\" was earlier slated to release on 8 December 2017, but was postponed to avoid clashing with", "title": "Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran" }, { "id": "14373627", "text": "and gets money. He is trapped by Dhanaraj (Lingamurthy) and gets into the attraction of beautiful Leela (Vidhyavathi). He loses the bank money and gets into jail. By the time he returns, the family conditions are poor. He is even prepared to do some dirty jobs for the sake of his family. His children get encouragement from Balananda Sangham and shine. He gets out of his problems and rejoins the family. The Tamil version of the film was made separately with a significantly different cast, character names and locations. The Tamil film was censored on 16 January 1953 and was", "title": "Naa Illu" }, { "id": "18366453", "text": "having showtimes at either 2 am or 3 am to accommodate demand. In India, the film had the biggest release ever for a Hollywood film, opening on nearly 2,000 screens in four languages. The film also screened in 515 4DX theaters in 59 countries. \"Avengers: Infinity War\" was originally scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018 in the United States. The Chinese release of the film, which opened on May 11, 2018, was originally scheduled to end on June 10, 2018, but was granted a \"rare\" extension of 30 days, to end on July 9, 2018. Select footage from", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "id": "20704057", "text": "Daana Paani Daana Paani is a 2018 Indian-Punjabi family drama film directed by Taranvir Singh Jagpal and stars Jimmy Sheirgill and Simi Chahal in lead roles. The film is written by Jass Grewal and is produced by Nanokey Studios and GK Entertainment in association with Rhythm Boyz Entertainment. The film plots the story of Basant Kaur, who lost her father when she was young and her mother is also separated from her. The film also features Gurpreet Ghuggi, Nirmal Rishi, Kanika Mann and Tarsem Jassar in supporting roles. The film was released worldwide on 4 May 2018. Basant Kaur wrote", "title": "Daana Paani" }, { "id": "20704062", "text": "approximately ₹2 crores (domestic) in its first weekend and ₹3.9 crores (worldwide). Film has grossed $201,763 in Australia, $60,307 in New Zealand and $22,367 in Great Britain. Daana Paani Daana Paani is a 2018 Indian-Punjabi family drama film directed by Taranvir Singh Jagpal and stars Jimmy Sheirgill and Simi Chahal in lead roles. The film is written by Jass Grewal and is produced by Nanokey Studios and GK Entertainment in association with Rhythm Boyz Entertainment. The film plots the story of Basant Kaur, who lost her father when she was young and her mother is also separated from her. The", "title": "Daana Paani" }, { "id": "20536293", "text": "He has three tracks in the film. The singers are Atif Aslam, Arijit Singh, Armaan Malik and Shreya Ghoshal. On 8 December 2018, film's worldwide release date was announced as 15 March 2019. De De Pyaar De De De Pyaar De (English: \"Give me your love\") is an upcoming Indian romantic comedy film written and co-produced by Luv Ranjan and directed by Akiv Ali which marks his directorial debut. It features Ajay Devgn and Rakul Preet Singh in the lead roles. The film's pre-production began in February 2017 and principal photography commenced on 19 January 2018. It is scheduled for", "title": "De De Pyaar De" }, { "id": "19615456", "text": "Neruppu Da Neruppu Da (\"Fire Em Up\") is a 2017 Indian Tamil language action thriller film written and directed by debutant B. Ashok Kumar. The film was produced by Vikram Prabhu under his First Artist production company and stars him in the lead role alongside Nikki Galrani. The film's production started in July 2016. The film was released on 8 September 2017. It was dubbed in Hindi as Fire Man Surya Guru, Patta, Dhana, Parthi, and Seenu are five friends. Their main aim is to join the fire service and save lives. Until they get their jobs, they go around", "title": "Neruppu Da" }, { "id": "8631154", "text": "down in a mire of duets and double entenders\", but hinted at potential success citing that director \"seems to have hit the bull's eye.\" The movie subsequently went on to become a blockbuster, with music composed by A. R. Rahman being labelled as one of the film's largest selling points. \"Naani\" opened the following month to mixed reviews from critics, with a reviewer noting the film suffers from \"a bad script and artificialness\". The film's adult theme generated controversy, and post-release, women activists in the state of Tamil Nadu demanded a ban on a film after release, which they say", "title": "S. J. Surya" }, { "id": "19730778", "text": "film.\" On April 9, 2017 the film was banned in Pakistan by its Central Board of Film Censors. It had been shown in Pakistan starting on March 31, 2017 as long as certain scenes with a terrorism theme were cut. One day after an Islamabad theatre showed an uncut version the film was banned from all theatres in the country. Naam Shabana Naam Shabana () is a 2017 Indian action spy-thriller film directed by Shivam Nair and produced by Neeraj Pandey and Aruna Bhatia. It is a spin-off from the 2015 film \"Baby\" with Taapsee Pannu reprising her role as", "title": "Naam Shabana" }, { "id": "20591740", "text": "Johnny Johnny Yes Papa (film) Johnny Johnny Yes Papa is a 2018 Indian Kannada action film directed and written by Preetham Gubbi. The film is made under the Duniya Talkies banner owned by actor Duniya Vijay who also plays the lead role. The film is a sequel to the their previous venture \"Johny Mera Naam Preethi Mera Kaam\" (2011). The rest of the principal cast include Rachita Ram, Rangayana Raghu and Sadhu Kokila. The film's soundtrack is composed by B. Ajaneesh Loknath. The first look teaser of the film was released on 19 January 2018 in YouTube. A review in", "title": "Johnny Johnny Yes Papa (film)" }, { "id": "13791059", "text": "Sura (film) Sura (; : Aquaman) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language most comedy action film written and directed by S. P. Rajkumar, starring Vijay in the lead role along with Tamannaah, Vadivelu, and Dev Gill in supporting roles. The film, produced by Sangili Murugan and distributed by Sun Pictures features film's soundtrack and score was composed by Mani Sharma. Cinematography was handled by M. S. Prabhu and N. K. Ekambaram respectively and editing was handled by Don Max. The film was the 50th film of Vijay. The film holds the highest TRP in indian channels Suntv and Sonymax. The story", "title": "Sura (film)" }, { "id": "14373626", "text": "Naa Illu Naa Illu () is a 1953 Telugu film produced and directed by Chittor V. Nagaiah. The story was written by Devulapalli Krishnasastri. The film had two dance sequences and full-length Hindi songs sung by Meena Kapoor. The story is based on innocent people cheated by rich people. This film is about an ideal man called Sivaram (Nagaiah), who lives happily with his wife (Raja Kumari) and two children. They like music very much and want to make their children musicians and singers. He is a responsible bank employee by profession. He goes to Bombay for a financial transaction", "title": "Naa Illu" }, { "id": "19240927", "text": "scheduled to release worldwide on 8 April 2016 on over 200 screens worldwide. However, the release was postponed due to extensive post production work. The release date in India was later scheduled for 10 June 2016 while the official release is scheduled for 24 June 2016. The film released in 83 screens in West Bengal, India at 10 June 2016. Eskay Movies was given the distribution rights of the film in India while the production company Jaaz Multimedia will distribute the film in Bangladesh. The film is also scheduled to release in Malaysia, and Australia beginning 2017. The official soundtrack", "title": "Niyoti" }, { "id": "20767817", "text": "his role in the film \"Kidaari\". The project was wrapped up in February 2018 with 40 days of shooting while Sasikumar opted to work for \"Nadodigal 2\" soon after wrapping up the shoot and the venture initially announced its release on 13 April 2018 but the release was delayed due to the Kollywood strike led by the Nadigar Sangam. The official single titled \"Rattha Araathi\" was released by Nadodigal director Samuthirakani. The teaser of the film was officially released by popular director turned producer Gautham Menon and the trailer of the film was released on 15 March 2018 by Vijay", "title": "Asuravadham" }, { "id": "20094734", "text": "released on 26 January 2018 but this was moved in order to avoid clash with Padmaavat. The film was then scheduled to be released worldwide on 9 February 2018 but was later postponed to 16 February 2018. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a \"rotten\" score of 40% based on 5 reviews with an average rating of 4.8/10. based on 14 reviews. Alaka Sahani of Indian Express gave the film a rating of 2.5 stars out of 5 and said that \"Even though the movie puts together an impressive ensemble cast comprising some of our best actors,", "title": "Aiyaary" }, { "id": "4806388", "text": "IndiaGlitz.com rated the film 3.3 out of 5 and called it as \"A beautiful and brilliant show of Time\". Also, the movie collected in 18 days. And the director of the movie has confirmed that there will be a Sequel, planned as \"24 Decoded.\" His next film \"S3\" was released on 9 February 2017. His latest release was \"Thaana Serndha Kootam\" directed by Vignesh Shivan and produced by Studio Green and music done by Anirudh Ravichander with Keerthi Suresh in female lead. Currently, the actor is shooting his next movie \"NGK\" with Selvaraghavan In 2004, Suriya along with R. Madhavan", "title": "Suriya" }, { "id": "20094724", "text": "Aiyaary Aiyaary () is a 2018 Indian action thriller film written and directed by Neeraj Pandey. Produced by Shital Bhatia, Dhaval Gada & Motion Picture Capital and distributed by Reliance Entertainment, Plan C Studios, Friday Filmworks & Pen India Limited. The film features Sidharth Malhotra, Manoj Bajpayee, Rakul Preet Singh, Pooja Chopra, Adil Hussain, Kumud Mishra, Naseeruddin Shah and Anupam Kher. After having its release date rescheduled from 26 January to 9 February to yet another week, it was released on February 16, 2018 The film is inspired from the Adarsh Housing society scam. One day while conducting Telephone surveillance", "title": "Aiyaary" }, { "id": "13963210", "text": "Sunil Manchanda Sunil Manchanda is an Indian film director, film producer, and advertisement producer. His 2003 film Tere Naam won four awards. Manchanda also produced \"Cheeni Kum\" in 2007, which won one award and was nominated for four others. On 4 December 2009, \"Paa\" was released in 34 countries worldwide. It was originally supposed to be produced by Manchanda and Director R Balakrishnan, but was instead changed to Manchanda and AB Corporation. In 2017, Manchanda was one of the producers behind the movie \"Mom\". His most notable films include: \"Paa\" received 14 Nominations for 16th Star Screen Awards and won", "title": "Sunil Manchanda" }, { "id": "20878202", "text": "Sanki Daroga Sanki Daroga (English: \"Crazy Inspector\") is a 2018 Indian Bhojpuri-language romance action drama film starring Ravi Kishan and Anjana Singh, and directed by Saif Kidwai. The movie is produced and written by Ravi Kishan under his banner, \"Ravi Kishan Productions. Sanki Daroga\" marks the debut of Ravi Kishan as a producer. Manoj Tiger, Pappu Yadav, Priti Shukla, Pinkul, Sagar Salman and Jeet Rastogi appear in supporting roles. The film was released on 7 September 2018 in all the theatres of Bihar and Jharkhand. On 14 September 2018, it was released in all the theatres of Mumbai and Gujarat.", "title": "Sanki Daroga" }, { "id": "20001176", "text": "Nenjil Thunivirundhal Nenjil Thunivirundhal (English: If You Dare) is a 2017 Indian bilingual action drama film written and directed by Suseenthiran. Shot in Tamil and Telugu languages (the latter as C/O Surya), the film features Sundeep Kishan, Mehreen Pirzada, Vikranth and Shathiga in the lead roles, with Soori and Harish Uthaman also in pivotal roles. Featuring music composed by D. Imman, the venture began production in December 2016 and was released on 10 November 2017. The film is Dubbed into Hindi as C/o Surya in 2018. In November 2016, Suseenthiran began working on an untitled film as director with Sundeep", "title": "Nenjil Thunivirundhal" }, { "id": "19750813", "text": "(ET/PT). The film premiered on YTV in Canada on January 5, 2018, and had a limited theatrical premiere in Australia during February 2018 exclusively to Hoyts cinemas, before airing on Nickelodeon Australia on March 2, 2018. On March 9, 2018, the film received a one-day limited release at select Showcase Cinemas locations in the United States. The television film was released on DVD in Region 1 on February 13, 2018 by Paramount Home Entertainment. It was then released on DVD in Region 2 on August 13, 2018 by Paramount Home Entertainment. \"The A.V. Club\" graded it with an \"A\" complimenting", "title": "Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie" }, { "id": "20389041", "text": "Satya Harishchandra (2017 film) Satya Harishchandra () is a 2017 Indian Kannada language romantic comedy film written and directed by Dayal Padmanabhan. It is produced by K. Manju under his K. Manju Cinemaas banner. It features Sharan, Sanchita Padukone and Bhavana Rao in the lead roles. The score and soundtrack for the film is by Arjun Janya and the cinematography is by Faisal Ali. The film was launched officially on 18 September 2016 and the filming took place at Mysore, Melukote and Portugal. The film released on 20 October 2017 during the Diwali festival. The film is an official remake", "title": "Satya Harishchandra (2017 film)" }, { "id": "14920737", "text": "were devoted to actual production. In September 2010, Warner Bros. India acquired the rights to \"Ramayana: The Epic\". This has made it India's second animated feature to be released by the local arm of a Hollywood studio, following Disney and Yash Raj's \"Roadside Romeo\" from 2008. The film was released on 15 October 2010, during the festivity of Dussehra. 250 prints were screened in Hindi, Tamil and Telugu versions; English, Gujarati and Bengali versions have also been prepared. A North American release is scheduled for early 2011. Four days after its debut, Joginder Mahajan of Delhi expressed concern over the", "title": "Ramayana: The Epic" }, { "id": "18890022", "text": "from India, but everything else has been done by us\". Filming wrapped up in May 2017. \"We spent close to []\", the director revealed at a blogger's meeting, \"film's budget is also a lot bigger than the market but we are trying to make big films, to keep increasing the benchmark.\" The film had a premiere event on 26 August in The O2 Arena, UK; where it released on 31 August. It then also premiered in Karachi Nuplex Cinema on 31 August. The film released on the festival of Eid al-Adha, 2 September 2017 in Pakistan and worldwide. The film", "title": "Na Maloom Afraad 2" }, { "id": "20862137", "text": "NOTA (film) NOTA is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language political thriller directed by Anand Shankar. It stars Vijay Deverakonda, making his debut in Tamil cinema and Mehreen Pirzada, in the lead roles. Produced by Studio Green, this film will have Sam C. S. as the music director while Ravi K. Chandran's son, Santhana Krishnan Ravichandran handles the cinematography. The film premiered on 5 October 2018 in India and on 4 October 2018 in the United States. The film was adapted from novel \"Vettattam\" by Shan Karuppusamy who is also involved in the film's screenplay. Varun (Vijay Deverakonda) is a video game", "title": "NOTA (film)" }, { "id": "15978994", "text": "principal photography started officially on 14 October 2011 at Hyderabad. After Filming continuously till December 2012, the film's shoot was halted due to the Financial turmoil of the producers ultimately reviving in September 2013, Wrapping the entire shooting by 30 November 2013. The film was scheduled for a worldwide release on 27 June 2014 in theaters. Upon release, the film opened to negative reviews from critics due to which the film was trimmed by 12 minutes.It was dubbed in Hindi by same name. The film is set in the 1980s and revolves around an orphan named Surya who works as", "title": "Autonagar Surya" }, { "id": "17161371", "text": "Total Siyapaa Total Siyapaa (English translation: \"Total Chaos\") is a 2014 Indian romantic comedy film directed by Eeshwar Nivas and written by Neeraj Pandey. The screenplay is based on the Spanish-Argentine movie \"Only Human\" (Spanish title: \"Seres queridos\"), written and directed by Dominic Harari and Teresa Pelegri. The main characters in the original movie are Israeli and Palestinian while in \"Total Siyapaa\" they are Indian and Pakistani. It was distributed by Reliance Big Entertainment across 850 theatres in India with two other films: \"Gulaab Gang\" and \"Queen\". The film opened on a similar note with \"Queen\" in multiplexes, offering stiff", "title": "Total Siyapaa" }, { "id": "17739053", "text": "Friday Filmworks Friday Filmworks is an Indian motion picture production company founded by Neeraj Pandey and Shital Bhatia in 2008. Set up in 2008, Friday Filmworks has produced trend-setting films that are original in content and entertaining to the audience. A Wednesday was the first movie under the banner which won many awards in different categories. The other films under the Friday Filmworks include Special 26, Baby, Total Siyapaa, Saat Uchakkey, , Naam Shabana. Upcoming Movies are which is set to release on 11 August 2017 and Aiyaary in 2018. It also produced a Marathi film Taryanche Bait in 2011", "title": "Friday Filmworks" }, { "id": "19337628", "text": "premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2016. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2016 and the BFI London Film Festival on October 9, 2016. Shortly after, Swen acquired U.S distribution rights to the film, partnering with Eammon Films handling the theatrical release. Thunderbird Releasing acquired U.K. distribution rights to the film and released it in the United Kingdom on September 1, 2017. It was released on October 6, 2017, in the United States. \"Una\" received positive reviews from film critics. It holds a 75% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten", "title": "Una (film)" }, { "id": "20908123", "text": "Indian release date(as release date was changed from 14 December to 15 December) and \"Lehnga\" sung by Gurshabad were released. \"Bhajjo Veero Ve\" was released worldwide on 14 December 2018 and distribution rights in India are acquired by Omjee Group, Mind Blowing Films in Australia and New Zealand, Rising Star Entertainment in Europe whereas the film is distributed in United States and Canada by Rhythm Boyz itself. British Board of Film Classification passed the film uncut of runtime 109 minutes 43 seconds. The film received the \"12A\" certificate due to moderate violence and threat. While in India, the film received", "title": "Bhajjo Veero Ve" }, { "id": "16533634", "text": "December 2012, during a promotional event at Ramanaidu Studios. Pawan Kalyan attended the function as the chief guest along with the film's principal cast & crew. \"Oneindia Entertainment\" placed \"Nellorae\" in fourth place on the list of top 10 item numbers of the year in 2013. \"Naayak\" was planned to be released on 14 January, the eve of Sankranthi. Later the film's release was rumoured to be delayed due to Danayya's financial hardships, although he later confirmed the release date as 9 January 2013, denying the previous reports as rumours. The film was awarded an 'A' certificate by the Central", "title": "Naayak" }, { "id": "19236994", "text": "2016 by ARY Films. Second song of the film \"Zara Si Laga Lo\" was released on 15 October 2016. Full album was released on 24 October 2016. A teaser for the film was released online on 8 August 2016. An official trailer for the film was released online on 9 September 2016. The film was first premiered in Lahore, and then in Karachi on 9 and 10 November 2016 respectively. It then released on 11 November nationwide. The film collected up to worldwide and became the fourth highest-grossing film of 2016. Sarah Raza Ansari of \"Samaa TV\" rated 5/10 and", "title": "Lahore Se Aagey" }, { "id": "18596066", "text": "at New York City on 18 March 2015. Ron Mann, a Canadian documentary filmmaker, who was one of the jury members at the Venice Film Festival, acquired the Canadian distribution rights for the film. The film premiered in India at the international competition section of the 2014 Mumbai Film Festival. It was released independently by Gomber's Zoo Entertainment Pvt Ltd, with the assistance of Long Live Cinema. A 33-second teaser of the film was launched on 13 March 2015. It was followed by the launch of its theatrical trailer on 23 March 2015. The Central Board of Film Certification gave", "title": "Court (film)" }, { "id": "13035757", "text": "Ileana D'Cruz, opened to largely-positive reviews and was well received at the Busan International Film Festival. \"Barfi!\" was selected for the Taipei and Morocco film festivals. Barfi won the prestigious Grand Jury Award at Okinawa International Film Festival in Japan. It was India's entry for the Academy Awards, but but was criticized after Basu was accused of plagiarizing several Hollywood films. It was a box-office hit during its opening week, earning Rs. 586 million, and was the third-highest-grossing film that year. His thriller film \"Jagga Jasoos\" was shot in Cape Town, South Africa. Originally planned for a release in 2014,", "title": "Anurag Basu" }, { "id": "15979015", "text": "June 2014 with grand premiere shows on 26 June 2014. On 19 June 2014 Dil Raju, Deva Katta and K. Atchi Reddy attended the press meet confirming the release date as 27 June. Dil Raju who secured the Nizam area rights thanked Alankar Prasad and Usha Pictures Balakrishna Rao for helping the film's release. In a statement to the IANS, Dil Raju said \"All films go through hurdles and Autonagar Surya was no exception. I’m not worried about the film’s delayed release because I’m confident about its success. The hero of a film nowadays is the content and this film", "title": "Autonagar Surya" }, { "id": "18607337", "text": "release on June 5, 2017. Licensed by Viz Media in the United States on July 2015, the film was screened in over 80 cities in October of the same year. Its home media release was published on March 28, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the film was licensed by Madman Entertainment and earned $216,943 in Australia. A fan film was developed by Deerstalker Pictures to promote the Australian release. The home media version was released on May 25, 2017. \"Yahoo! Japan\" offers \"Boruto\" a rating of 4.31 out of 5 stars. Amy McNulty of \"Anime News Network\" gave the", "title": "Boruto: Naruto the Movie" }, { "id": "20254433", "text": "months to complete and was shot almost entirely in Mokokchung District of Nagaland. The trailer of the film was released on 9 April 2017. The film was released on 18 July 2017. Film Critic Dr. Piyush said that the film is one of the Finest Films to come out of India this year. Nana - A Tale of Us Nana - A Tale of Us is a 2017 Nagamese-language Drama film directed by Tiakumzuk Aier and produced by Aoyimti Youth Ministry. The film stars Zhokhoi Chuzho, Mengu Suokhrie, Watipongla Kichu, Ariensa Longchar and Bokavi Swu. With a production budget of", "title": "Nana - A Tale of Us" }, { "id": "14373630", "text": "film's pleasing music. Naa Illu Naa Illu () is a 1953 Telugu film produced and directed by Chittor V. Nagaiah. The story was written by Devulapalli Krishnasastri. The film had two dance sequences and full-length Hindi songs sung by Meena Kapoor. The story is based on innocent people cheated by rich people. This film is about an ideal man called Sivaram (Nagaiah), who lives happily with his wife (Raja Kumari) and two children. They like music very much and want to make their children musicians and singers. He is a responsible bank employee by profession. He goes to Bombay for", "title": "Naa Illu" }, { "id": "6765755", "text": "took note of the film's regressive theme but thought that Padukone had played her part with \"restrained elegance\". With an estimated budget of , \"Padmaavat\" is the most expensive Hindi film, and with earnings of , it is Padukone's highest-grossing release and one of Indian cinema's biggest grossers. Padukone is next set to reprise the role of Serena Unger in the fourth instalment of the \"xXx\" film series. She has also committed to star as the acid attack survivor Laxmi Agarwal in \"Chhapaak\", a biopic by Meghna Gulzar, which will mark Padukone's first production venture. Padukone shares a close bond", "title": "Deepika Padukone" }, { "id": "20960915", "text": "Saaho Saaho is an upcoming Indian action film, written and directed by Sujeeth, and produced by UV Creations and T-Series. The film stars Prabhas, Shraddha Kapoor, Neil Nitin Mukesh and Evelyn Sharma, and is being shot simultaneously in Telugu, Tamil and Hindi. The filming began in June 2017. \"Saaho's\" first look poster released on 23 October 2017, on the occasion of Prabhas' birthday. A second teaser released on 23 October 2018, once again on the occasion of Prabhas' birthday. It is one of the most expensive Indian films made to date. The film was shot in Hyderabad, Mumbai, Abu Dhabi,", "title": "Saaho" }, { "id": "19872721", "text": "Srikanta (film) Srikanta is a 2017 Indian Kannada-language romantic action thriller film written and directed by Manju Swaraj. The film, which was released on 6 January 2017, was produced by M. S. Manu Gowda under the banner Mahashaila Cinebandha. Based on the 2-page short story \"Skhalana\" by Nagathihalli Chandrashekar which was published in 1985 in the weekly Kannada magazine \"Taranga\", the film features Shiva Rajkumar and Chandini Sreedharan in the lead roles along with Vijay Raghavendra in a key supporting role. The principal photography of the film began on 16 October 2015. The film was released on 6 January 2017.", "title": "Srikanta (film)" }, { "id": "20561453", "text": "Ira (film) Ira () is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language thriller film directed by Saiju S. S. and produced by Vysakh and Udaykrishna under the production banner Vysakh Udaykrishna Productions and distributed by Udaykrishna. It was written by Naveen John, and starring Unni Mukundan, Lena, Gokul Suresh, Miya, Niranjana, Kailash, Shanker Ramakrishnan and Dinesh Kollappally. Principal photography began on 1 November 2017. The film was released in India on 16 March 2018. Aryan (Gokul Suresh) is a doctor whose love interest is Jennifer (Niranjana Anoop). He is arrested by Kerala Police for the murder of Minister Chandy(Alencier Ley Lopez), but claims", "title": "Ira (film)" }, { "id": "20389043", "text": "the song. Satya Harishchandra (2017 film) Satya Harishchandra () is a 2017 Indian Kannada language romantic comedy film written and directed by Dayal Padmanabhan. It is produced by K. Manju under his K. Manju Cinemaas banner. It features Sharan, Sanchita Padukone and Bhavana Rao in the lead roles. The score and soundtrack for the film is by Arjun Janya and the cinematography is by Faisal Ali. The film was launched officially on 18 September 2016 and the filming took place at Mysore, Melukote and Portugal. The film released on 20 October 2017 during the Diwali festival. The film is an", "title": "Satya Harishchandra (2017 film)" }, { "id": "2899453", "text": "published in France by in 2003 under the title of \"Mort sur le Nil\". In November 2017, it was announced that 20th Century Fox is developing \"Death on the Nile\" as a sequel to their version of \"Murder on the Orient Express.\" Michael Green was announced as penning the script and Kenneth Branagh was expected to return as Poirot and as director. It was originally scheduled for release on 20 December 2019, up against \"\", but on 16 October 2018, Fox delayed the film release date to 2 October 2020. On 28 September 2018, it was announced that Gal Gadot", "title": "Death on the Nile" }, { "id": "20878206", "text": "on 17 July 2018 at Jharkhand. Sanki Daroga Sanki Daroga (English: \"Crazy Inspector\") is a 2018 Indian Bhojpuri-language romance action drama film starring Ravi Kishan and Anjana Singh, and directed by Saif Kidwai. The movie is produced and written by Ravi Kishan under his banner, \"Ravi Kishan Productions. Sanki Daroga\" marks the debut of Ravi Kishan as a producer. Manoj Tiger, Pappu Yadav, Priti Shukla, Pinkul, Sagar Salman and Jeet Rastogi appear in supporting roles. The film was released on 7 September 2018 in all the theatres of Bihar and Jharkhand. On 14 September 2018, it was released in all", "title": "Sanki Daroga" }, { "id": "20094737", "text": "from a few scenes, the movie seems to be randomly constructed and fails to evoke any thrill.\" Aiyaary Aiyaary () is a 2018 Indian action thriller film written and directed by Neeraj Pandey. Produced by Shital Bhatia, Dhaval Gada & Motion Picture Capital and distributed by Reliance Entertainment, Plan C Studios, Friday Filmworks & Pen India Limited. The film features Sidharth Malhotra, Manoj Bajpayee, Rakul Preet Singh, Pooja Chopra, Adil Hussain, Kumud Mishra, Naseeruddin Shah and Anupam Kher. After having its release date rescheduled from 26 January to 9 February to yet another week, it was released on February 16,", "title": "Aiyaary" }, { "id": "20434256", "text": "5 stars, commenting \"Naam is not devoid of flaws but it has sincerity written all over it, and might even leave some of you choked, through its touching plot. Give it a shot if movies with a heavy dose of friendship can entertain you\". Naam (2018 film) Naam (English: Us) is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written, directed and produced by debutant Joshy Thomas Pallickal. It features and tells the story of a group of youngsters. Principal photography commenced in February 2017 at Mundakayam. The other locations were Kuttikkanam and Ponkunnam. The music and background score for the film", "title": "Naam (2018 film)" }, { "id": "18926462", "text": "19 January 2017. Ileana D'Cruz wrapped her part of filming on 5 March 2017. The Rajasthan schedule was wrapped up on 9 March 2017. The makers earlier announced their worldwide release as 26 January 2017. However, upon the request from producers Ritesh Sidhwani and Rakesh Roshan of the films \"Raees\" and \"Kaabil\" respectively, Bhushan Kumar moved the worldwide release date to 12 May 2017. In early December 2016, Devgn announced 1 September 2017 as the worldwide release date. The soundtrack was released on 19 August 2017 by T-Series, which consists of eight songs, composed by Tanishk Bagchi, Ankit Tiwari, Abhijit", "title": "Baadshaho" }, { "id": "20536291", "text": "De De Pyaar De De De Pyaar De (English: \"Give me your love\") is an upcoming Indian romantic comedy film written and co-produced by Luv Ranjan and directed by Akiv Ali which marks his directorial debut. It features Ajay Devgn and Rakul Preet Singh in the lead roles. The film's pre-production began in February 2017 and principal photography commenced on 19 January 2018. It is scheduled for a worldwide release on 15 March 2019. In February 2017, Ajay Devgn signed a romantic comedy film written and co-produced by Luv Ranjan and directed by Akiv Ali. In May 2017, Tabu was", "title": "De De Pyaar De" }, { "id": "17396379", "text": "art department. \"Geethaanjali\" was awarded U/A certificate by the Central Board of Film Certification. The film's theatrical release, which was earlier planned for October, was postponed until 14 November because of a delay to graphical works. \"Geethanjali\" was released in over 300 theatres worldwide on 14 November 2013, by Seven Arts Release in India, including 90 theatres in Kerala. PJ Entertainments bought the distribution rights for Europe; they released in the United Kingdom in 61 theatres, Austria, Finland, Germany, Sweden, and Italy. The release in Singapore was dlayed until 16 November; there it was distributed by Singapore Coliseum. The film", "title": "Geethaanjali" }, { "id": "19155895", "text": "Shanghai. It premiered on May 25, 2017, in Los Angeles. The film's London premiere, which was scheduled to take place on May 31 at the Odeon Leicester Square, was cancelled due to the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. The film had its Latin America premiere in Mexico City on May 27. It was released in most of the world, including in IMAX, on June 2, 2017, after originally being scheduled for June 23. Belgium, Singapore and South Korea received the film first, with May 31 openings. On April 17, it was announced that \"Wonder Woman\" would be released in China on", "title": "Wonder Woman (2017 film)" }, { "id": "20523495", "text": "Naa... Nuvve Naa... Nuvve (English: You're mine) is a Telugu romantic comedy film written and directed by Jayendra Panchapakesan and produced by Kiran Muppavarapu and Vijay Kumar Vattikuti under Cool Breeze Cinemas banner while Mahesh S Koneru is presenting the film on East Coast Productions banner. It features Nandamuri Kalyan Ram and Tamannaah in the lead roles. P. C. Sreeram was the cinematographer and Sharreth composed the film's music. The film released on June 14, 2018, worldwide. True love is fulfilling. Meera is a happy go lucky radio jockey who ends up falling in love with a very confident Varun", "title": "Naa... Nuvve" }, { "id": "20556901", "text": "minutes all together. \"Neerali\" originally scheduled to release on 14 June 2018 was moved to 15 June, coinciding with Eid al-Fitr. It was later rescheduled to 12 July 2018 and was again pushed to 13 July. Neerali Neerali (Theatrical title: Nieraali; ) is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language survival thriller film directed and co-edited by Ajoy Varma from a screenplay by Saju Thomas, with Mohanlal in the lead role. The film was produced and distributed by Moonshot Entertainments. It began principal photography on 9 January 2018 in Mumbai and was completed in February. The film was released in India on 13", "title": "Neerali" }, { "id": "18674438", "text": "Gurus or their family members. The Government of Punjab has decided against allowing the release of the film. The film producer Resul Pookutty, Gurbani media also appealed to the Supreme Court of India to allow for the release of the film. The Supreme court has cleared the film for release, citing the certification provided by India's Central Board for Film Certification. Original score by Tuomas Kantellnen, with music by Uttam Singh and sound design by Resul Pookutty. The film Grossed 5 Crore (50 Million) Only at the box office and the budget of the film was 35 Crore (350 Million).", "title": "Nanak Shah Fakir" }, { "id": "19009163", "text": "Viceroy's House (film) Viceroy's House is a 2017 British-Indian historical drama film directed by Gurinder Chadha and written by Paul Mayeda Berges, Moira Buffini, and Chadha. The film stars Hugh Bonneville, Gillian Anderson, Manish Dayal, Huma Qureshi, and Michael Gambon. It was selected to be screened out of competition at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 3 March 2017, while the Hindi dubbed version titled \"Partition: 1947\" was released in India on 18 August 2017, 3 days after its 70th Independence Day. It was released worldwide on 1 September 2017. \"Viceroy's", "title": "Viceroy's House (film)" }, { "id": "20250056", "text": "by Taran Adarsh as well as Deol's Twitter handles on 13 June 2018 citing the release date to be 15 August 2018. The second poster of the film was released on 30 July 2018 by Sunny Deol on his Instagram handle which showed the release date of the film as 31 August 2018. The first teaser of the film was released on 14 June 2018. The teaser showcased three Deols, leading lady Kriti Kharbanda and Salman Khan as narrator and a cameo appearance. A trailer was released on 10 August 2018. The film received generally poor reviews. All the reviews", "title": "Yamla Pagla Deewana: Phir Se" }, { "id": "19385377", "text": "Diljit Dosanjh and Pardeep Singh Sran and rapped by Raftaar was released on 9 May 2017. The fourth song titled \"Lambiyaan Si Judaiyaan\" sung by Singh, Shadab Faridi and Altamash Faridi was released on 18 May 2017. The fifth track of the film \"Main Tera Boyfriend\" from J Star's 2015 single \"Na Na Na Na\", originally written by Kumaar and composed by Sohrabuddin and Sourav Roy was recreated for this film and was released on 22 May 2017. The sixth and the last song titled \"Darasal\" voiced by Atif Aslam was released on 1 June 2017. Music director Pritam gave", "title": "Raabta (film)" }, { "id": "20001182", "text": "on 15 December 2017. Owing to the busy schedule at the box office, the idea was later scrapped, meaning that the film only ran for six days in Chennai. Nenjil Thunivirundhal Nenjil Thunivirundhal (English: If You Dare) is a 2017 Indian bilingual action drama film written and directed by Suseenthiran. Shot in Tamil and Telugu languages (the latter as C/O Surya), the film features Sundeep Kishan, Mehreen Pirzada, Vikranth and Shathiga in the lead roles, with Soori and Harish Uthaman also in pivotal roles. Featuring music composed by D. Imman, the venture began production in December 2016 and was released", "title": "Nenjil Thunivirundhal" }, { "id": "20464579", "text": "completed in 18 days. Besides the main cast, most of the supporting roles were played by newcomers from Chellanam area. The film was produced by Rajesh George Kulangara, but later director-producer Aashiq Abu bought the complete rights of the film. \"Ee.Ma.Yau\" had a preview screening on 30 November 2017. The film, originally planned to release theatrically soon after the preview, was postponed to next year for undisclosed reasons. The film was released on 4 May 2018. Nirmal Jovial of The Week says that Ee.Ma.Yau will certainly be counted among the classics of Malayalam cinema. Navamy Sudhish of The Hindu praises", "title": "Ee.Ma.Yau" }, { "id": "20026255", "text": "December 19, 2017, and it was theatrically released on 23 March 2018 to generally positive reviews from critics. Hichki was also screened at the Shanghai International Film Festival on June 16, 2018. It is Mukherjee's first film released after a four-year hiatus. Produced on a limited budget of , the film has grossed () worldwide, the majority of which came from China. It became one of the top five highest-grossing Bollywood films of 2018, as well as the third all-time highest-grossing Indian film led by a female protagonist. Naina Mathur (Rani Mukerji), an aspiring teacher with a BEd and MSc,", "title": "Hichki" }, { "id": "4044816", "text": "Aditya Chopra Aditya Chopra (born 21 May 1971) is an Indian filmmaker. His work as a director includes \"Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge\" (1995), \"Mohabbatein\" (2000), \"Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi\" (2008) and \"Befikre\" (2016). He is also the current Chairman of India's multi-national film, media and entertainment conglomerate Yash Raj Films (YRF). Chopra has written and produced a number of films under the banner such as \"Veer-Zaara\" (2004), \"Fanaa\" (2006), \"Band Baaja Baaraat\" (2010), \"Jab Tak Hai Jaan\" (2012), the \"Dhoom series\" (2004, 2006 & 2013), \"Sultan\" (2016) and the \"Tiger series\" (2012 & 2017). He has broken away from", "title": "Aditya Chopra" }, { "id": "14979941", "text": "places like Kirori Mal College, Vinobapuri, Shalimar Bagh (Delhi), Khan Market, Chittaranjan Park and Noida. The wedding sequence in the film set in Meerut, was shot in a Chhattarpur farmhouse and later in Nizamuddin area, in early 2009. In August 2010, the film became the first live action Hindi feature film to be distributed by Walt Disney India. The movie premiered at a suburban theatre in Mumbai on 6 October, attended by the cast and Bollywood stars, followed by a nationwide release on 8 October 2010. The film had its North American premiere as the opening night film of the", "title": "Do Dooni Chaar" }, { "id": "19410775", "text": "A. A. Najmi (R). It was selected as the Pakistani entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 90th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. The film tells the story of a disabled child, who is up against all kinds of obstacle and cruelty. The official trailer of the film was released in early March 2016. The film was shot in the northern region of Pakistan in Gilgit-Baltistan, Skardu, Khaplu and Shigar. The film is scheduled for release in 2017 in Pakistan as well as United Arab Emirates, United States, United Kingdom and India under the production banner", "title": "Saawan" }, { "id": "20303004", "text": "Sarkar Raj (2017 film) Sarkar Raj is a 2017 Indian Bhojpuri action-political-romance-drama film written by Rajesh Dubey & directed by Arvind Chaubey. Produced by India E-Commerce Ltd, Yashwant Kumar, Arvind Dubey and distributed by Wave Music.The film features Pawan Singh and Monalisa in lead roles while Akshara Singh, Kajal Raghwani, Rani Chatterjee in Special Appearance in Songs & Ayaj Khan and Brijesh Tripathi portray pivotal roles.The soundtrack and film score were composed by Madhukar Anand and Chhote Baba. The soundtrack for \"Sarkar Raj\" was composed by Madhukar Anand and Chhote Baba with lyrics penned by Vinay Bihari, Manoj Matalbi. The", "title": "Sarkar Raj (2017 film)" }, { "id": "20327804", "text": "girl in the movie, and she is in every frame while others come and go. The run time of the film and of its are both two hours. The songs are scored by Abhilash Gupta. The film was slated for release on March 9, 2018, to coincide with International Women's Day, but was later released on 30 March 2018. Heegondhu Dina Heegondhu Dina (English: \"A Day Like This\") is a 2018 Indian Kannada film starring Sindhu Loknath. The director, editor and cinematographer is Vikram Yoganand. The film is produced by Chandrashekar under Smart Screen Productions banner. The songs and background", "title": "Heegondhu Dina" }, { "id": "20109038", "text": "for the film were composed by Jakes Bejoy, with lyrics written by Joe Paul, Sharis Muhammed, and Jyothish T. Kasi. The soundtrack album was released by Satyam Audios on 3 January 2018. Dijo Jose Antony and Arun Nandakumar choreographed the songs \"Saare Njangal\" and \"Podi Parane\", respectively. The 'Lal Anthem', a tribute song about Mohanlal; went onto become a chart-buster among Kerala due to the immense fanbase and raging popularity of Mohanlal. The film was released on 12 January 2018 across 84 theaters in Kerala. Arjun R Krishnan from \"Malayala Manorama\" has written that 'Queen', the debut work by director", "title": "Queen (2018 film)" }, { "id": "19584505", "text": "Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan () also known as AAA or Triple A, is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language comedy film written and directed by Adhik Ravichandran and produced by S. Michael Rayappan. The film features Silambarasan, Shriya Saran and Tamannaah in the lead roles, while Simbu plays his first triple role. The film has music composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja, cinematography handled by Krishnan Vasant and editing done by Ruben. The film released worldwide on 23 June 2017and was a critical and commercial failure. Initially supposed to be released as a two-part film, the second part has been cancelled", "title": "Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan" }, { "id": "19244541", "text": "Teraa Surroor Teraa Surroor (English: \"Your Joy\") is a 2016 Indian Hindi thriller film directed by Shawn Arranha and produced by Vipin Reshammiya and Sonia Kapoor. It is sequel to 2007 film Aap Kaa Surroor. The film was a joint production of T-Series and HR Musik Limited. The film stars Himesh Reshammiya and Farah Karimae in the lead roles. Naseeruddin Shah, Shekhar Kapur, Kabir Bedi, and Monica Dogra play the supporting roles. \"Teraa Surroor\" was released on 11 March 2016 in over 1000 cinemas all over India. The basic plot was taken from the Hollywood movie The Next Three Days", "title": "Teraa Surroor" }, { "id": "8631167", "text": "lasting up to ten hours for a six-month stretch. \"Isai\" finished post-production work in late 2014 and had a theatrical release in early 2015. In 2016, Surya acted in the drama film, Iraivi. His performance as an alcoholic and abusive director fetched highly positive reviews from both critics and audiences, for which he was nominated for national award. Later, Surya signed and starred in two films, Spyder, a bilingual and Mersal . He played the villain in both the movies. Spyder received mixed response, whereas Mersal became a blockbuster hit}, although Surya's performance in both films were widely appreciated, with", "title": "S. J. Surya" }, { "id": "19686587", "text": "Sarkar 3 Sarkar 3 is a 2017 Indian political crime thriller film, directed and co-produced by Ram Gopal Varma. This is the third installment of the \"Sarkar franchise\" and the continuation to the events of Sarkar Raj. The film stars Amitabh Bachchan again in the titular lead role along with Ronit Roy, Parag Tyagi, Jackie Shroff, Manoj Bajpayee, Amit Sadh and Yami Gautam. It is the installment with some new noticeable characters. The film was released worldwide on 12 May 2017 to positive reviews from critics with India Times rating at 3/5. The film deals with Sarkar's internal conflict and", "title": "Sarkar 3" }, { "id": "20767815", "text": "Asuravadham Asuravadham (; ) is a 2018 Indian Tamil action drama thriller film based on rural areas written and directed by Maruthupandian and produced by Leela Lalitkumar. Govind Menon scored the music to the film and cinematography is handled by S.R Kathiir. The film was earlier scheduled to have its theatrical release on 13 April 2018 coinciding the Puthandu but was postponed to 29 June 2018 due to Kollywood strike which resulted in a standoff between Nadigar Sangam and Digital Service Providers on the increase of VPF charges. The film had its theatrical release on 29 June and received mixed", "title": "Asuravadham" }, { "id": "18223423", "text": "film. In February 2017, STX Entertainment acquired U.K. distribution rights to the film. The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2017. It was also screened at the Opening Night Gala at the BFI London Film Festival. It was released in the United States on 13 October 2017, and the United Kingdom on 27 October 2017. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 67% based on 154 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Strong performances from \"Breathe\"s well-matched leads help add", "title": "Breathe (2017 film)" }, { "id": "5386382", "text": "Its domestic gross is equivalent to when adjusted for inflation. At the overseas box office, \"Darr\" was the year's highest-grossing Indian film of 1993, grossing $500,000 (1.58crore). Worldwide, it grossed 21.31crore, equivalent to when adjusted for inflation. \"Darr\" was remade in Kannada as \"Preethse\", starring Upendra as Chandu (Rahul) Shiva Rajkumar as Surya (Sunil) and Bollywood actress Sonali Bendre playing Kiran. The film was also remade loosely in Tamil as \"Chinna\", starring Arjun Sarja and Sneha in lead roles. The teaser trailer of five-part web series \"Darr 2.0\" was released on YouTube on August 30, 2016. It is to be", "title": "Darr" }, { "id": "13270481", "text": "also titled The Zoya Factor, directed by Abhishek Sharma, produced by Fox Star Studios, Adlabs and Walkwater films, with dialogues by Chauhan, and starring Sonam Kapoor and Dulquer Salmaan will release in April 2019. Her much anticipated book, \"Battle For Bittora\", about 25-year-old Jinni living in Mumbai and working for an animation studio and what happens when she comes back to her hometown, Bittora, at the call of her grandmother, was released in 2010 by actor Saif Ali Khan in Delhi in October 2010, to unanimous critical approval from \"India Today\", \"Outlook\", \"The Week\" and \"Tehelka\" magazines. \"Tehelka\" called it", "title": "Anuja Chauhan" } ]

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[ { "id": "14007766", "text": "which has requested its former colonies to eliminate the death penalty.The legal drinking age in The Bahamas is 18. Drug Laws -- Importing, possessing, or dealing unlawful drugs, including marijuana, is a serious offense in The Bahamas, with heavy penalties. Customs officers may at their discretion conduct body searches for drugs or other contraband goods. Law of the Bahamas English common law forms the basis of the Bahamas’ judicial system. The highest court is the Court of Appeal, consisting of three judges. The Supreme Court is composed of a chief justice, two senior justices, and six justices. The governor-general makes", "title": "Law of the Bahamas" }, { "id": "7768638", "text": "years, the penalty shall be increased in a medium (1/2). Article 144. Whoever for sexual character and by force, intimidation or deceit abducts or retains a person shall be punished by imprisonment of four (4) to six (6) years. When the victim of this crime is a person under eighteen (18) years of age, it is punishable with the penalty prescribed in the preceding paragraph increased by half (1/2). In Jamaica the age of consent is 16. \"Above twelve (12) and under sixteen (16)\", Article 50, \"Offences Against the Person\" \" Whosoever shall unlawfully and carnally know and abuse any", "title": "Ages of consent in North America" }, { "id": "3809826", "text": "of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years. Most countries within Europe have set 18 as the minimum age to purchase alcohol. Although Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Serbia and Switzerland (except", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "id": "13793272", "text": "to 21 - however minors could still buy alcohol to take home until 1914 when the age for both on- and off-licence purchase was set at 21. In 1969 the purchase age was lowered from 21 to 20. (although 18-year-olds were allowed to drink in bars from 1990 on certain conditions.) But in 1999 the legal purchasing age was lowered from 20 to 18 and despite several calls and legislation to raise the drinking age again, Lawmakers have overwhelmingly favoured the status quo and the age remains 18. It has never been illegal for a minor to drink alcohol in", "title": "Alcohol in New Zealand" }, { "id": "212724", "text": "Jamaica Jamaica () is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the fourth-largest island country in the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola (the island containing the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Previously inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Taíno peoples, the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494. Many of the indigenous people died of disease, and the Spanish transplanted African slaves to Jamaica as labourers. The island remained a possession of", "title": "Jamaica" }, { "id": "1781473", "text": "in Alabama, Alaska and Utah; and 21 in California, New Jersey, Oregon, Hawaii and Maine. Multiple localities have also raised the minimum purchase age independent of state laws. In Canada, a person aged 16 and over can legally drive a car and work, but are only considered to be an adult at age 18 like in the US. In most provinces, the legal age to purchase alcohol and cigarettes is 19, except in Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec where it is 18 years old. In Spain during the 19th century, there was a civilian coming of age bound to the compulsory", "title": "Coming of age" }, { "id": "212928", "text": "industry. However, marijuana may become a new cash crop and tourist-draw for Jamaica, depending on future legislation. On 25 February 2015, the Jamaican House of Representatives passed a law decriminalising possession of up to 2 ounces of cannabis. The new law includes provisions legalising the cultivation for personal use of up to five plants, as well as setting up regulations for the cultivation and distribution of cannabis for medical and religious purposes History of Jamaica The Caribbean island of Jamaica was inhabited by the Taino tribes prior to the arrival of Columbus in 1503. Early inhabitants of Jamaica named the", "title": "History of Jamaica" }, { "id": "212889", "text": "farmers with land, technical advice, inputs such as fertilisers and access to credit. An estimated 14 percent of idle land was redistributed through this program, much of which had been abandoned during the post-war urban migration and/or purchased by large bauxite companies. The minimum voting age was lowered to 18 years, while equal pay for women was introduced. Maternity leave was also introduced, while the government outlawed the stigma of illegitimacy. The Masters and Servants Act was abolished, and a Labour Relations and Industrial Disputes Act provided workers and their trade unions with enhanced rights. The National Housing Trust was", "title": "History of Jamaica" }, { "id": "2643944", "text": "Jamaica ginger Jamaica ginger extract, known in the United States by the slang name \"Jake,\" was a late 19th-century patent medicine that provided a convenient way to bypass Prohibition laws, since it contained between 70% and 80% ethanol by weight. The U.S. Treasury Department, which administered the Prohibition laws, recognized Jake's potential as an illicit alcohol source, and because of this, it required changes in the solids content of Jake to discourage drinking. The minimum requirement of ginger solids per cubic centimeter of alcohol resulted in a fluid that was extremely bitter and difficult to drink. Occasionally, Department of Agriculture", "title": "Jamaica ginger" }, { "id": "20125941", "text": "Ganja Law The Ganja Law, or Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 2015, was passed by Jamaica's Houses of Parliament in February 2015. The law went into effect on April 15, 2015, making possession of two ounces or less of cannabis a \"non-arrestable, ticketable offence, that attracts no criminal record\". Earlier revisions of the laws were critiqued for being unduly harsh on citizens. A 1913 law passed to conform to the International Opium Convention unilaterally added cannabis, and was seen as \"fear of the black population\". For instance the 1964 ganja law was considered to be punitive towards poor people, as were", "title": "Ganja Law" }, { "id": "18927105", "text": "the nation's cannabis laws: In April 2015, Jamaica planted its first legal cannabis plant, at the University of the West Indies Mona campus. In March 2018, Balram Vaswani, a long time advocate for the legalization of marijuana, opened the first legal medical marijuana dispensary, Kaya Herbhouse, in Drax Hall, St. Ann. Cannabis in Jamaica Cannabis in Jamaica is illegal, but possession of small amounts was reduced to a petty offense in 2015. Cannabis is locally known as \"ganja\", and internationally cannabis consumption plays a prominent role in the nation's public image, being tied to cultural touchstones such as Rastafari and", "title": "Cannabis in Jamaica" }, { "id": "212812", "text": "to the rest of Jamaica thereafter. Jamaica Jamaica () is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the fourth-largest island country in the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola (the island containing the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Previously inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Taíno peoples, the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494. Many of the indigenous people died of disease, and the Spanish transplanted African slaves to Jamaica as labourers.", "title": "Jamaica" }, { "id": "14250034", "text": "Roots wine Roots wine more commonly known as \"roots drink\" or \"herbal drink\" is a type of medicinal beverage popular in Jamaica. It is believed to have healthful and aphrodisiacal qualities for men. Roots wine is made from a variety of herbs and roots, often blended with honey or molasses. It is naturally fermented and slightly effervescent, typically containing less than 5% alcohol. Typical ingredients could include: water<br> brown sugar<br> molasses<br> chainy root (\"Smilax balbisiana\")<br> sarsaparilla (\"Smilax regilii\")<br> tan pan rock (\"Dryopteris filix-mas\") search mi heart (\"Rhytidophyllum tomentosum\")<br> dandelion (\"Cassia occidentalis\")<br> blood wiss (\"Vitis tiliifolia\")<br> raw moon (\"Trophis racemosa\")<br> medina", "title": "Roots wine" }, { "id": "20125942", "text": "the 1963 and 1965 laws regarding flogging. Ganja Law The Ganja Law, or Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 2015, was passed by Jamaica's Houses of Parliament in February 2015. The law went into effect on April 15, 2015, making possession of two ounces or less of cannabis a \"non-arrestable, ticketable offence, that attracts no criminal record\". Earlier revisions of the laws were critiqued for being unduly harsh on citizens. A 1913 law passed to conform to the International Opium Convention unilaterally added cannabis, and was seen as \"fear of the black population\". For instance the 1964 ganja law was considered to", "title": "Ganja Law" }, { "id": "3809824", "text": "a minimum purchase age of 16 years, The Gambia with an age limit of 17 years, and Uganda where the minimum legal purchase age is 18 but minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider with a meal at a restaurant. Cameroon and Egypt are the only countries in Africa with a minimum purchase age of 21 years. However Algeria, Angola (except Luando Province), Central African Republic, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, Togo, Tunisia and the Western Sahara have no laws on the book restricting the sale of alcohol to minors. In Libya,", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "id": "3809823", "text": "and Nicaragua have the lowest set drinking ages. The most commonly known reason for the law behind the legal drinking age is the effect on the brain in adolescents. Since the brain is still maturing, alcohol can have a negative effect on the memory and long-term thinking. Alongside that, it can cause liver failure, and create a hormone imbalance in teens due to the constant changes and maturing of hormones during puberty. The most common minimum age to purchase alcohol in Africa is 18. Although it varies from the lowest age limit in Ethiopia being only 15 years, Zimbabwe with", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "id": "13363795", "text": "Human Resources. Miss Jamaica World 1995, Imani Duncan, currently serves as a Government Senator. Regina Beavers became the youngest title holder, she won at age 17 in 2001. Miss Jamaica World 1998, Christine Straw, represented Jamaica in Miss Universe 2004, making the Top Ten. Miss Jamaica World 2005, Terri-Karelle Griffith-Reid, is host of the popular talent show \"Digicel Rising Stars\", which was previously hosted by Yendi Phillipps from 2008 to 2009. Miss Jamaica World 2006 was subject to controversy when she got pregnant during her reign. Miss World CEO Julia Morley allowed her to retain her title. Miss Jamaica World", "title": "Miss Jamaica World" }, { "id": "9799295", "text": "do three national exams in primary schools so a lot of pressure is placed on parents, the students, the teachers and the schools. Grade 4 Literacy and Numeracy Tests All students aged 9 or 10 are required to sit the national Grade 4 Literacy and Numeracy tests between June and July each year. To prepare for these tests, students are usually given a lot of assignments to complete and some schools are famous for giving students numerous mock examinations to get them adequately prepared. The aim of the examination is to test students' levels (Mastery, Almost-Mastery, Non-Mastery) and abilities in", "title": "Education in Jamaica" }, { "id": "3809822", "text": "minimum legal age of five for supervised consumption in private places). Some countries also have different age limits for different types of alcoholic drinks. Kazakhstan, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, India (certain states), the United States (except U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico), Yemen (Aden and Sana'a), Japan, Iceland, Canada (certain Provinces and Territories), and South Korea have the highest set drinking ages; however, some of these countries do not have off-premises drinking limits. Austria, Antigua and Barbuda, Belgium, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Ethiopia, Gibraltar, Luxembourg", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "id": "20985028", "text": "Health in Jamaica Life expectancy in Jamaica was 73 years in 2012. Dr Christopher Tufton is the minister of health. Health care in Jamaica is free to all citizens and legal residents at the public hospitals and clinics. This, in theory, includes the cost of prescribed medication. There are long queues at public health facilities. An audit in 2015 identified shortages of manpower, equipment, medications, wheelchairs, stretchers, gloves, beds, and other essential supplies. 3.3% of the national budget is spent on health services. In Jamaica there are over 330 health centres, 24 public hospitals, the University Hospital of the West", "title": "Health in Jamaica" }, { "id": "16692621", "text": "Aloun Ndombet-Assamba Aloun Ndombet-Assamba, is a Jamaican lawyer, politician and diplomat. She was formerly Member of Parliament for Saint Ann South Eastern and served as Jamaica's Minister of Tourism, Entertainment, and Culture. She has served as High Commissioner for Jamaica in London between 2012 and 2016. Assamba was born in Spanish Town, St, Catherine her parents pulled up roots and went to live in Moneague, St. Ann along with her when she was a baby. Her parents then moved to Kingston with her when she was 13 years old. She was educated at Ferncourt High School, Merl Grove High School", "title": "Aloun Ndombet-Assamba" }, { "id": "1992265", "text": "Edward Island have the age of majority set at 18, while in British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick the age of majority is 19. In Saskatchewan, the legal gaming age and the legal drinking age are both 19. In Italy, law nr. 39 of March 8, 1975, states that a minor is a person under the age of 18. Citizens under the age of 18 may not vote (to vote for senators, 25), be elected, obtain a driving license for automobiles or issue or sign legal instruments. Crimes committed in Italy by minors are", "title": "Minor (law)" }, { "id": "14393789", "text": "is administered by the Natural Resources Conservation Authority. The primary focus of the Act is the conservation of water resources by protecting lands and riparian zones along the watersheds. The Act is intended to ensure proper land use in vital watershed areas, reduce soil erosion, maintain optimum levels of groundwater, and promote regular flows in waterways. \"Source: Jamaica National Water Commission: http://www.nwcjamaica.com/WaterSupplyRates.asp. 2009 For Jamaica as a small developing island state, confronting the potential impacts of climate change is of critical importance. The impacts of a changing climate could have a potentially devastating effect. Sea level rise will cause increased", "title": "Water resources management in Jamaica" }, { "id": "212947", "text": "power is vested both in the government and in the Parliament of Jamaica. A bipartisan joint committee of the Jamaican legislature drafted Jamaica's current Constitution in 1962. That Constitution came into force with the Jamaica Independence Act, 1962 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which gave Jamaica political independence. Constitutional safeguards include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of worship, freedom of movement, and freedom of association. The judiciary operates independently of the executive and the legislature, with jurisprudence based on English common law. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Jamaica as \"flawed democracy\" in 2016. Parliament", "title": "Politics of Jamaica" }, { "id": "18927103", "text": "Cannabis in Jamaica Cannabis in Jamaica is illegal, but possession of small amounts was reduced to a petty offense in 2015. Cannabis is locally known as \"ganja\", and internationally cannabis consumption plays a prominent role in the nation's public image, being tied to cultural touchstones such as Rastafari and reggae music. Cannabis was introduced to Jamaica in the 1850s–1860s by indentured servants imported from India during British rule of both nations; many of the terms used in cannabis culture in Jamaica are based on Indian terms, including the term \"ganja\". Cannabis was banned in Jamaica under the 1913 Ganja Law,", "title": "Cannabis in Jamaica" }, { "id": "6054275", "text": "Area codes 876 and 658 Area codes 876 and 658 are the local telephone area codes of Jamaica. The first area code, 876, was created during a split from the original 809 area code. Permissive dialing began 1 May 1997 and ended 1 May 1998. Area code 876 serves the country’s two mobile operators – Cable and Wireless/Liberty Global (marketed as FLOW Jamaica) and Digicel. Also served by area code 876 is the country's main landline provider, FLOW, as well as other smaller landline players like Digicel (which provides landline over its fibre network called Digicel Play). The area code", "title": "Area codes 876 and 658" }, { "id": "1069624", "text": "He was the vice president of his father's bank. On July 4, 1919 Clarence Kinney and his son Guy tragically drowned in the high waters of the Raccoon River near the old saw mill. In 1921 the local garage was destroyed by fire when a local resident thought his Model T was leaking gas. He crawled under the automobile and lit a match which resulted in an explosion. In the 1930s, the flu epidemic killed several local residents. Jamaica is located at (41.8465, -94.3074). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all", "title": "Jamaica, Iowa" }, { "id": "212981", "text": "Telecommunications in Jamaica Telecommunications in Jamaica include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Country Code: +1-876, +1-658<br> International Call Prefix: 011 (outside NANP) Calls from Jamaica to the US, Canada, and other NANP Caribbean nations, are dialed as 1 + NANP area code + 7-digit number. Calls from Jamaica to non-NANP countries are dialed as 011 + country code + phone number with local area code. Number Format: nxx-xxxx Jamaica has a fully digital telephone communication system. The country's three mobile operators – Cable and Wireless (once marketed as LIME – Landline, Internet, Mobile and Entertainment now", "title": "Telecommunications in Jamaica" }, { "id": "13924639", "text": "an open container of an alcoholic beverage in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. Barbados maintains 16 years of age as when person is legally able to consume alcohol in public. Although being disorderly while intoxicated is illegal and the Royal Police Force can be asked to evict drunken individuals from public establishments. It is legal and usually socially acceptable to drink alcohol in public areas. It is illegal to drink alcohol in any public place or unlicensed facilities. The law may or may not be enforced, depending on the location, time of the day and the behaviour of the", "title": "Alcohol law" }, { "id": "2558497", "text": "fruit of the hawthorn tree, and resembles crab apples; they have a sweet-sour flavor and an orange to golden yellow color. Other ingredients in \"ponche\" are prunes, pears, dry hibiscus, star anise, and sugar cane pieces. \"Agua loca\" (\"crazy water\") is a very sweet punch usually made from fermented sugarcane, mezcal or tequila mixed with \"aguas frescas\" (usually agua de Jamaica or horchata). Due to its sweetness, the drinker may not taste the alcohol and become intoxicated more quickly than anticipated. This drink is popular on college campuses as an inexpensive means of becoming intoxicated. Punch is called in Swedish", "title": "Punch (drink)" }, { "id": "13363796", "text": "2007, Yendi Phillipps, went on to win Miss Jamaica Universe in 2010 and placed first runner-up at Miss Universe 2010. Miss Jamaica World Miss Jamaica World is a national beauty pageant in Jamaica. The Miss Jamaica pageant's predecessor, the \"Miss Jamaica Contest\", dates back to the 1930s. The winner of Miss Jamaica represents Jamaica at the Miss World pageant from 1978–present. The title of Miss Jamaica World was officially coined in 1978. The 1976 and 1977 representatives were appointed by then licence holder Mickey Haughton-James of Spartan Health Club. Spartan held the franchise from 1976–2012. And resumed its leadership in", "title": "Miss Jamaica World" }, { "id": "18317689", "text": "\"Jamaica Gleaner\": \"Really and truly, when people ask what I eat and drink to live so long, I say to them that I eat everything, except pork and chicken, and I don't drink rum and dem tings\". She is the oldest verified Jamaican person ever and the first verified supercentenarian from Jamaica. Her date of birth was variously reported as 4 March 1900, 10 March 1900, and 15 March 1900. However, it was officially recognised as 10 March 1900 by the Gerontology Research Group in 2014. Brown was born in Jamaica when it was a part of the British Empire", "title": "Violet Brown" }, { "id": "18927104", "text": "supported by the white elites and the Council of Evangelical Churches in Jamaica. The laws were gradually tightened over time, with academics noting that the harsh 1941 and 1961 restrictions occurred during periods where the authorities feared unrest in the lower classes. While cannabis use had been customary in Jamaica for over a century, in the 1960s cannabis farmers began to take advantage of the growing demand in Europe and North America, leading to increased police enforcement, but also corruption of the security and political systems by the profits from international trafficking. In February 2015, Jamaica's legislature voted to amend", "title": "Cannabis in Jamaica" }, { "id": "14923163", "text": "Gun laws in Jamaica Gun laws in Jamaica began to be tightened in the early 1970s, when Jamaica experienced a rise in violence associated with criminal gangs and political polarization between supporters of the People's National Party and the Jamaica Labour Party. After a rash of killings of lawyers and businessmen in 1974, the government of Michael Manley attempted to restore order by granting broad new law enforcement powers in the Suppression of Crime Act and the Gun Court Act. The Suppression of Crime Act allowed the police and the military to work together in a novel way to disarm", "title": "Gun laws in Jamaica" }, { "id": "3809821", "text": "Legal drinking age The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can legally consume alcoholic beverages. These laws cover a wide range of issues and behaviors, addressing when and where alcohol can be consumed. The minimum age alcohol can be legally consumed can be different from the age when it can be purchased in some countries. These laws vary between different countries and many laws have exemptions or special circumstances. Most laws apply only to drinking alcohol in public places with alcohol consumption in the home being mostly unregulated (an exception being the UK, which has a", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "id": "6054277", "text": "goes lower to $1.99 JMD or 1 cent USD for postpaid subscribers or those with an active data plan. Digicel charges similar rates as well but standard rates are around $17.70 JMD or $0.14 USD per minute without an international calling plan. Calls to Jamaica from anywhere in the NANP area are 1-658/876 + seven digit phone number. Jamaica planned to expand to 10-digit dialling, for local telephone calls on 30 October 2018. This is as a result of Jamaica's new area code assignment of 658. On 15 September 2016, the Office of Utility Regulation in Jamaica announced that an", "title": "Area codes 876 and 658" }, { "id": "1781471", "text": "reaches the age of 15, her relatives usually organize a very expensive celebration. It is usually a large party, called a Quinceañera in Spanish speaking countries and Baile de Debutantes in Brazil. For boys there is no formal ritual of transition. At 18 one is legally considered an adult, can vote, and legally purchase/use alcohol, tobacco and cigarettes. In North America, when a girl turns 16 years old, she may have a sweet sixteen birthday party. In the United States, teenagers are allowed to drive at 16 in all states except New Jersey, which requires drivers to be 17 and", "title": "Coming of age" }, { "id": "20424712", "text": "28, 2017 following the resignation of former Prime Minister of Jamaica and Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica) The Most honourable Portia Simpson-Miller. 1) Dr. Peter Phillips – Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica) 2) Mark Golding – Finance and Planning 3) Fitz Jackson – National Security 4) Peter Bunting – Industry Investment and Competitiveness 5) Philip Paulwell – Mining and Energy 6) Dr. Fenton Ferguson – Agriculture and Rural Development 7) Dr. Wykeham McNeill – Tourism and Entertainment 8) Horace Dalley – Labour and Welfare 9) Lisa Hanna – Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade 10) Julian Robinson – Science and Technology", "title": "Shadow Cabinet of Jamaica" }, { "id": "3510152", "text": "example, to purchase alcoholic beverages, the age of license is 21 in all U.S. states. Another example is the voting age, which prior to the 1970s was 21 in the US, as was the age of majority in all or most states. In the Republic of Ireland the age of majority is 18, but one must be over 21 years of age to stand for election to the Houses of the Oireachtas. Also, in Portugal the age of majority is 18, but one must be at least 25 years of age to run for public office. A child who is", "title": "Age of majority" }, { "id": "20316789", "text": "Davina Bennett Davina Bennett (born 5 March 1996) is a Jamaican model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Jamaica Universe 2017. She represented Jamaica at the Miss Universe 2017 pageant, and was contracted as \"the face of Shea Moisture\" in 2018, representing the company's Black Castor Oil product line. Bennett was born in Clarendon. She is pursuing a degree in marketing at the University of the West Indies. Upon acquiring her Bachelor's Degree, she would like to utilize her degree to leverage her marketing business as well as successfully brand herself as an entrepreneur. Bennett was crowned Miss Jamaica", "title": "Davina Bennett" }, { "id": "212744", "text": "The monarch and the governor-general serve largely ceremonial roles, apart from their reserve powers for use in certain constitutional crisis situations. Jamaica's current constitution was drafted in 1962 by a bipartisan joint committee of the Jamaican legislature. It came into force with the Jamaica Independence Act, 1962 of the United Kingdom parliament, which gave Jamaica independence. The Parliament of Jamaica is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives (Lower House) and the Senate (Upper House). Members of the House (known as Members of Parliament or \"MPs\") are directly elected, and the member of the House of Representatives who, in the", "title": "Jamaica" }, { "id": "1210627", "text": "driving on Learner or probationary ('P1 or P2') plates (aged under 20 years) to drive with any alcohol at all in their system. The BAC must be 0.00% and still remains under 0.05% for an \"instructing a learner\". Unlike the USA, these countries do not see restricting access to alcohol as having any useful role to play in reducing drunk driving. Their experience is that random breath tests, severe penalties, including imprisonment for a first offense (in UK), combined with blanket public service broadcasting are a more effective strategy. Also, Australian and British law do not recognize the crime of", "title": "Drunk driving in the United States" }, { "id": "212726", "text": "the United States and Canada), and the fourth-most populous country in the Caribbean. Kingston is the country's capital and largest city, with a population of 937,700. Jamaicans mainly have African ancestry, with significant European, Chinese, Indian, Lebanese, and mixed-race minorities. Due to a high rate of emigration for work since the 1960s, Jamaica has a large diaspora around the world, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state. Her appointed representative in the country is the Governor-General of Jamaica, an office held", "title": "Jamaica" }, { "id": "212997", "text": "the United Nations Security Council, in 1979-80 and in 2000-2001. In the follow-on meetings to the December 1994 Summit of the Americas, Jamaica—together with Uruguay—was given the responsibility of coordinating discussions on invigorating society. Jamaica has been a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1962, when it became an independent Commonwealth realm. African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, Caricom, CCC, Caribbean Development Bank, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Food and Agriculture Organization, G-15, G-33, G-77, Inter-American Development Bank, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Civil Aviation Organization,", "title": "Foreign relations of Jamaica" }, { "id": "14353409", "text": "person under the age of 21 cannot drive a vehicle with alcohol inside of the vehicle even if it belongs to a person over the age of 21 who is also inside the vehicle. Violators can be fined and/or have their driver's license suspended for three months. Driving under the influence of alcohol in Massachusetts is a crime that is punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment. Massachusetts' maximum blood alcohol level is 0.08% and 0.02% if the driver is under 21 years of age. Operating under the influence penalties can vary depending on prior OUI offenses. Bars and restaurants in", "title": "Alcohol laws of Massachusetts" }, { "id": "212806", "text": "are used for road transportation, the rest being used by the bauxite industry, electricity generation, and aviation. 30,000 barrels/day of crude imports are processed into various motor fuels and asphalt by the Petrojam Refinery in Kingston. Jamaica produces enormous quantities of drinking alcohol (at least 5% water content), most of which appears to be consumed as beverages, and none used as motor fuel. Facilities exist to refine hydrous ethanol feedstock into anhydrous ethanol (0% water content), but as of 2007, the process appeared to be uneconomic and the production plant was idle. Jamaica has a fully digital telephone communication system", "title": "Jamaica" }, { "id": "13413886", "text": "to keep it at his home and that this money would be used during Felipe Calderón's presidential campaign in 2006. He is the legal representative of Unimed Pharm Chem México. The charges against him were dismissed with prejudice in August 2009 as a result of the efforts of his attorneys, Manuel J. Retureta and A. Eduardo Balarezo. Michael Christopher Coke (born 13 March 1969), a.k.a. Dudus, is a Jamaican drug lord and the leader of the Shower Posse gang. He is the youngest son of drug lord Lester Lloyd Coke whose extradition had also, prior to his 1992 death in", "title": "Drug lord" }, { "id": "5301189", "text": "States hosted the World Cup 1994. In qualifying Jamaica beat Puerto Rico 2-1 and was then faced Bermuda, Canada, and El Salvador from which two teams would advance to the final round. Jamaica tied 1-1 with Canada and Bermuda and then lost 2-0 to El Salvador, 1-0 to Canada, 2-1 to El Salvador. Jamaica then beat Bermuda 3-2 but did not qualify. Under Brazilian Professor Renê Simões and National coach Carl Brown, the Jamaican team became a powerhouse in the Caribbean region and received \"Best Mover\" award by FIFA in 1996. Jamaica made history by becoming the first English speaking", "title": "Jamaica Football Federation" }, { "id": "12620831", "text": "is applied at the consumer level, appearing as a line-item on the customer's receipt. Prior to 1973, the minimum age to buy or possess alcoholic beverages was 21 years old. In 1973, the minimum age was decreased to 18 years old in Montgomery County and Prince George's County. In 1974, the minimum age was decreased to 18 years old for the entire state. In 1982, the minimum age was increased to 21 years old but with a grandfather clause which allowed those who had already turned 18 (born June 30, 1964 or earlier) to consume beer and wine. Alcohol laws", "title": "Alcohol laws of Maryland" }, { "id": "17602876", "text": "require a visa for Jamaica. Citizens of the following countries and territories can visit Jamaica by obtaining a visa on arrival for US$100: In addition, visitors from with an \"Affadivit of Identity\" can obtain a visa on arrival. Jamaica does not recognize Taiwan passports. Visa is not required for holders of passports or other travel documents of any country endorsed with an \"Unconditional Landing\" stamp issued by Jamaican authorities. Under certain conditions some visa requiring nationals are exempt for tourist visits up to 30 days unless otherwise stated. Nationals of any country with a residence permit issued by Canada or", "title": "Visa policy of Jamaica" }, { "id": "13077447", "text": "a memorandum of understanding between Jamaica and the United States in 2005, investigates cases of drug trafficking and human trafficking at ports of entry. In conjunction with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), several police, consular, and judicial officials received anti-trafficking training. No reports of official complicity with human trafficking were received in 2007. In 2016, after a case of suspected jury interference, the director of public prosecutions recommended that individuals charged with human trafficking be tried by judge only. The Trafficking in Persons, Prevention, Suppression and Punishment Act became law in Jamaica in 2007, with the goal of identifying,", "title": "Human trafficking in Jamaica" }, { "id": "11375182", "text": "drunk driving. If the bartender or server is shown to have known and purposefully neglected this responsibility, the employee can be held criminally responsible. They are also required to verify the age of those purchasing alcohol, to ensure consumers are of the legal age. As of right now, the minimum legal age to purchase alcohol in Maryland is 21. It is against the law to misrepresent one's age by using another's ID or a fake ID. The penalties for this include: If the violator is under the age of 18, she or he may be required to attend a supervised", "title": "Drug policy of Maryland" }, { "id": "18252048", "text": "Kaci Fennell Kaci Fennell-Shirley (born October 9, 1992) is a Jamaican television host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Jamaica Universe 2014 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2014 pageant. Fennell was crowned Miss Universe Jamaica 2014 and represented Sandcastles on August 30, 2014. She represented her country at Miss Universe 2014. Fennell placed as the 4th runner-up to Paulina Vega of Colombia. She was the first Miss Jamaica to place since 2010 and its second Top 5 placement after 2010. Fennell is a model from Kingston, Jamaica. She won the Jamaica's Next Top Model", "title": "Kaci Fennell" }, { "id": "20424713", "text": "11) Mikael Phillips – Transport and Works 12) Dr. Morais Guy – Housing 13) Ian Hayles – Water and Climate Change 14) Rev Ronald Thwaites – Education and Training 15) Dr. Angela Brown-Burke – Local Government 16) Noel Arscott – Community Development and Social Transformation 17) Dr. Dayton Campbell – Health 18) Damion Crawford – Youth and Culture 19) Donna Scott Mottley – Justice Shadow Cabinet of Jamaica The Shadow Cabinet of Jamaica (usually known simply as The Shadow Cabinet) is, in the Westminster system of government in traditional constitutional theory, an alternative to the cabinet who scrutinise their corresponding", "title": "Shadow Cabinet of Jamaica" }, { "id": "13370236", "text": "age in Western Australia was 21. Today, it is illegal for any person under the age of 18 years to purchase, supply, or drink alcohol on licensed or regulated premises, even if they are with their parents or guardian. The maximum penalty for a minor to consume alcohol on licensed premises is a A$2,000 fine. The law does allow a minor to consume alcohol for religious purposes for example Holy Communion. It is an offence in Western Australia for persons of any age to drink in public, such as on the street, park, beach, or as a passenger in a", "title": "Alcohol laws of Australia" }, { "id": "2343225", "text": "actions, if at the relevant time, they had not reached an age of criminal responsibility. This implies that children lack the judgment that comes with age and experience to be held criminally responsible. After reaching the initial age, there may be levels of responsibility dictated by age and the type of offense committed. The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can consume or purchase alcoholic beverages. These laws cover a wide range of issues and behaviors, addressing when and where alcohol can be consumed. The minimum age alcohol can be legally consumed can be different from", "title": "Youth" }, { "id": "20499380", "text": "to possess, purchase and consume cannabis will be 19 years old, which is the same age to buy alcohol. There would be a government-run wholesale distribution model and for on-line sales, although private and publicly run retail stores would operate. Cannabis consumption would be allowed in any public area where vaping and smoking is permitted, however, if the area is frequented by children, cannabis would be banned. Drug impaired driving would continue to be illegal. In early October 2018, BC released its final set of rules and plans, replacing the July 2018 Interim Licensing Regulation. The new release provides specifics", "title": "Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory" }, { "id": "10844905", "text": "is a misdemeanor for persons under 21 years of age to give the impression that they are older for the purpose of obtaining alcoholic beverages. Punishment for this crime is a fine of up to $300 and up to 30 days of community service. Furthermore, the driving license of the convicted individual will be revoked for 6 months for the first offense, 1 year for the second offense, and 2 years for all subsequent offenses, alternatively for any offense they can have their license revoked until they reach 21 years of age at the discretion of the judge. Landowners cannot", "title": "Alcohol laws of Oklahoma" }, { "id": "2343226", "text": "the age when it can be purchased in some countries. These laws vary among different countries and many laws have exemptions or special circumstances. Most laws apply only to drinking alcohol in public places, with alcohol consumption in the home being mostly unregulated (an exception being the UK, which has a minimum legal age of five for supervised consumption in private places). Some countries also have different age limits for different types of alcoholic drinks. Driving age is the age at which a person can apply for a driver's license. Countries with the lowest driving ages (below 17) are Australia,", "title": "Youth" }, { "id": "20171038", "text": "Emily Maddison Emily Sara-Claire Maddison (born 1998) is a Jamaican model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Jamaica Universe 2018. She represented Jamaica at the Miss Universe 2018 pageant. Maddison was born and raised in Kingston, Jamaica. She went to Campion College. Maddison was crowned as Miss Jamaica Universe 2018 was held at the Jamaica Pegasus Hotel in Kingston, Jamaica on 24 August 2018. She succeeded outgoing Miss Jamaica Universe 2017 and Miss Universe 2017 2nd runner-up, Davina Bennett. Maddison represented Jamaica in Miss Universe 2018 held on 17 December 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand where she placed among the", "title": "Emily Maddison" }, { "id": "212725", "text": "Spain until 1655, when England (later Great Britain) conquered it and renamed it Jamaica. Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter, with its plantation economy highly dependent on African slaves. The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838, and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations. Beginning in the 1840s, the British utilized Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations. The island achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962. With /1e6 round 1 million people, Jamaica is the third-most populous Anglophone country in the Americas (after", "title": "Jamaica" }, { "id": "19360302", "text": "Cup. The qualifying match between Jamaica and St Vincent and the Grenadines was the first qualifying match for the 2019 tournament, three-and-a-half years before the start of the tournament. Jamaica defeated St Vincent and the Grenadines 48–0, eliminating them from qualifying. The match was played in front of a record crowd of 1,000 at Arnos Vale Sports Complex, and was refereed by Nigel Owens who had refereed the 2015 Rugby World Cup Final. The victory boosted Jamaica to a World Rugby ranking of 72, their highest ever. Mexico, as winners, advance to the Round 1 final. The 2016 South American", "title": "2019 Rugby World Cup – Americas qualification" }, { "id": "15856243", "text": "Kingston, Jamaica, continuing in various hotels in Montego Bay, and culminating with three days at its new home, the Greenfield Stadium in Trelawny. The festival has attracted numerous international artists, including Celine Dion, Gladys Knight, Maroon 5, Natalie Cole, Diana Ross, Kenny Rogers, Anita Baker, Hall & Oates, John Legend, Alicia Keys, Maxi Priest, Babyface, The Whispers, Joss Stone, Monty Alexander, Billy Ocean, Chaka Khan, Mary J. Blige, Dionne Warwick, Estelle, Lionel Richie, George Benson, Chuck Mangione, Smokey Robinson, Earth, Wind & Fire, Kool & The Gang, Boyz II Men, Micheal Bolton, Jill Scott, Brian McKnight, Atlantic Starr, India.Arie, Norah", "title": "Jamaica Jazz and Blues Festival" }, { "id": "2643945", "text": "inspectors would test shipments of Jake by boiling the solution and weighing the remaining solid residue. In an effort to trick regulators, bootleggers replaced the ginger solids with a small amount of ginger and either castor oil or molasses. A pair of amateur chemists and bootleggers, Harry Gross and Max Reisman, worked to develop an alternative adulterant that would pass the tests, but still be somewhat palatable. They sought advice from a professor at MIT who did not realize it was meant for internal consumption. They settled on a plasticizer, tri-o-tolyl phosphate (also known as tri-ortho cresyl phosphate, TOCP, or", "title": "Jamaica ginger" }, { "id": "212925", "text": "taking power her government has not attempted to repeal the laws which criminalise homosexuality. In 2012, Dane Lewis launched a legal challenge to Jamaica's Offenses Against Persons Act of 1864, commonly known as the \"buggery\" laws, on the grounds that they are unconstitutional and promote homophobia throughout the Caribbean. The legal challenge was taken to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The Offenses Against Persons Act does not formally ban homosexuality, but clause 76 provides for up to 10 years' imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for anyone convicted of the \"abominable crime of buggery committed either with mankind or", "title": "History of Jamaica" }, { "id": "4403644", "text": "by the $20 in June 1976, when the 50 cent note was replaced by a coin. $100 notes were added on 2 December 1986, followed by $50 notes on 27 July 1988. The $2 note was dropped in 1994, whilst the $1 note was replaced by a coin in 1990. In 1994, coins replaced the $5 notes and $500 notes were introduced. In 1999, $10 coins replaced notes, whilst, in 2000, $20 coins replaced the notes and $1000 notes were introduced. Banknotes currently in circulation are: The Bank of Jamaica introduced a $5000 bill into Jamaica's monetary system on 24", "title": "Jamaican dollar" }, { "id": "2069209", "text": "administered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn. From its 1975 founding to around 1980, the Japanese School of New York was located in Jamaica Estates, near Jamaica. The Central Library of the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's highest-circulation public library system, is in Jamaica. The Baisley Park Branch and the South Jamaica Branch are also located in Jamaica. Baisley Pond Park has over of outdoor recreational space, including a pond. Flushing Meadows–Corona Park abuts Jamaica on its far northwestern corner. At , it is the fourth-largest public park in New York City. The southernmost part of the park", "title": "Jamaica, Queens" }, { "id": "2069210", "text": "is adjacent to Willow Lake, which is named for the many species of Willow plants which inhabit the area. The Jamaica subway yard is located at the very south end of the park site, beyond Willow Lake. Neighboring areas are Jamaica Estates, Jamaica Hills, Holliswood, Bellerose, Briarwood, Cambria Heights, St. Albans, Hollis, Queens Village, South Ozone Park, Kew Gardens, Richmond Hill, Laurelton, Rosedale, Brookville, Rochdale, South Jamaica, Springfield Gardens, Hillcrest, Kew Gardens Hills, Fresh Meadows, Meadowmere Park, and Woodhaven. Notable current and former residents of Jamaica, with (B) denoting that the person was born there, include: Jamaica, Queens Jamaica is", "title": "Jamaica, Queens" }, { "id": "4229830", "text": "of his brothers (Dermot, John, and Seamus) were members of the IRA. O'Callaghan died by drowning after suffering a heart-attack at the age of 62 while in a swimming-pool in Kingston, Jamaica in August 2017, while visiting his daughter, Tara. His death was reported on 23 August 2017. A memorial service was held to his memory on 21 March 2018 at St Martin's in the Fields Church, in London, which was attended by representatives from Ulster Unionist parties and the Irish Government. Sean O'Callaghan Sean O'Callaghan (26 January 1954 – 23 August 2017) was a member of the Provisional Irish", "title": "Sean O'Callaghan" }, { "id": "7853663", "text": "privacy, the protection of this right is not strong. But in regards to other privacy laws that has been adopted in the country of Jamaica, the closest one is the Private Security Regulation Authority Act. This act passed in the year 1992, established the Private Security Regulation Authority. This organization is tasked with the responsibility of regulating the private security business and ensuring that everyone working as a private security guard is trained and certified. The goal of this is to ensure a safer home, community, and businesses. One of the reasons as to why this law was passed is", "title": "Privacy law" }, { "id": "212738", "text": "Great Britain, the British government formally abolished slavery by an 1833 act, beginning in 1834, with full emancipation from chattel slavery declared in 1838. The population in 1834 was 371,070, of whom 15,000 were white, 5,000 free black; 40,000 'coloured' or free people of color (mixed race); and 311,070 were slaves. In the 19th century, the British established a number of botanical gardens. These included the Castleton Botanical Gardens, developed in 1862 to replace the Bath Botanical Gardens (created in 1779) which was subject to flooding. Bath Botanical Gardens was the site for planting breadfruit, brought to Jamaica from the", "title": "Jamaica" }, { "id": "14923167", "text": "without the need for hard evidence, for all practical purposes. The testimony of any police officer is always sufficient to secure a conviction. Corroborating physical evidence is never required. For many years the only sentence issued by Gun Courts was indefinite incarceration. Pressure from Amnesty International caused authorities to amend the sentences (post conviction) to life in prison without parole. Anyone convicted in any Gun Court for any offense is removed from Jamaican society permanently. Gun laws in Jamaica Gun laws in Jamaica began to be tightened in the early 1970s, when Jamaica experienced a rise in violence associated with", "title": "Gun laws in Jamaica" }, { "id": "12953289", "text": "Firearms Act, which imposed licensing requirements on ownership and possession of guns and ammunition, and prohibited automatic weapons entirely. Firearm licences in Jamaica require a background check, inspection and payment of a yearly fee, and can make legal gun ownership difficult for ordinary citizens. The new judicial procedures of the Gun Court Act were designed to ensure that firearms violations would be tried quickly and harshly punished. Prime Minister Michael Manley expressed his determination to take stronger action against firearms, predicting that \"It will be a long war. No country can win a war against crime overnight, but we shall", "title": "Gun Court" }, { "id": "212944", "text": "Demographics of Jamaica This article is about the demographic features of the population of Jamaica, including population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. According to the total population was in , compared to only 1,403,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 29%, 63.1% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 7.8% was 65 years or older Structure of the population (04.04.2011) (Census): Source: \"UN World Population Prospects\" The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise", "title": "Demographics of Jamaica" }, { "id": "14353408", "text": "drinking age of 21. Those under 21 can, however, consume alcoholic beverages provided by their parents or grandparents on private premises. Establishments accepting, in good faith, the following as proof of age are protected if underage patrons are served accidentally: Individuals can transport alcohol without a license, up to but not exceeding, twenty gallons of malt beverages, three gallons of any other alcoholic beverage, or one gallon of alcohol at a single time. People under 21 years of age may not knowingly drive a car with alcohol inside unless they are accompanied by their legal guardian. This also means a", "title": "Alcohol laws of Massachusetts" }, { "id": "16248227", "text": "fixed election date in effect in Jamaica at this time; hence, the choice of election date is the prerogative of the Prime Minister. The 63 members of the House of Representatives are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting. The Representation of the People Act permits the candidacy of voters above the age of 21. Any Commonwealth citizen residing in Jamaica can vote in the election if they are older than 18 years. To be included on the ballot, a nomination must include the signatures of at least ten eligible voters from the same constituency. The nomination form must then", "title": "2016 Jamaican general election" }, { "id": "11633849", "text": "sanitation, which includes rural waste water solutions and municipal waste water treatment; and environmental education, which helps address low levels of awareness and strengthens environmental nongovernmental organizations. The Peace Corps in Jamaica fields about 70 volunteers who work in every parish on the island, including some inner-city communities in Kingston. Jamaica is a major transit point for cocaine en route to the United States and is also a key source of marijuana and marijuana derivative products for the Americas. During 2006, the Government of Jamaica seized narcotics destined for the United States, arrested key traffickers and criminal gang leaders, and", "title": "Jamaica–United States relations" }, { "id": "13370228", "text": "and no existing patrons can re-enter after that time, while last drinks are at 3am. There are restrictions on what can be served after midnight. For example, liquor cannot be served \"neat\". In NSW, if a minor is caught with alcohol in a public place it can be confiscated and guardians notified of the offence, a maximum fine of $20 may occur. The state does allow a minor to consume alcohol for religious purposes, for example Holy Communion. New South Wales alcohol laws only allow the following identification as legally accepted proof-of-age in licensed premises: In Queensland, the main legislation", "title": "Alcohol laws of Australia" }, { "id": "9718430", "text": "a former deputy governor, has been named as the new Governor of the Bank, effective December 1, 2009. Until then, Audrey Anderson, senior deputy governor, is in charge of the Bank. The most recent Governor of the Bank of Jamaica was Derick Milton Latibeaudiere who took up that post on 1 April 1996 and who resigned on October 30, 2009. Bank of Jamaica The Bank of Jamaica is the central bank of Jamaica located in Kingston. It was established by the Bank of Jamaica Act 1960 and was opened on May 1, 1961. It is responsible for the monetary policy", "title": "Bank of Jamaica" }, { "id": "17602875", "text": "Visa policy of Jamaica Visitors to Jamaica must obtain a visa from one of the Jamaican diplomatic missions, or in certain cases from one of the United Kingdom diplomatic missions, unless they come from one of the 116 countries designated as visa-exempt countries or countries whose citizens may obtain a visa on arrival. Most Commonwealth Citizens can visit Jamaica for up to 180 days visa-free. Citizens of the following countries and territories can visit Jamaica without a visa for tourism or business purposes (unless otherwise noted): <br> Holders of diplomatic or official/service/special passports issued to nationals of Cuba do not", "title": "Visa policy of Jamaica" }, { "id": "9079235", "text": "with 984 members, under the direction of an Inspector General appointed by the British Governor to the island, and continues to carry out police duties to the present day. In July 2014 Deputy Commissioner of Police in charge of Operations, Glenmore Hinds was appointed the Acting Commissioner of Police following the sudden retirement of Police Commissioner Owen Ellington. In September 2014, the Minister of National Security announced the appointment of Deputy Commissioner Carl M. Williams, Ph.D., to become the new Commissioner of Police. In December 2016, Dr. Carl Williams announced that he will be retiring from the Jamaica Constabulary Force", "title": "Jamaica Constabulary Force" }, { "id": "4701933", "text": "Reggae Sumfest Reggae Sumfest is the largest concert festival in Jamaica, taking place each year in mid-July in Montego Bay. Sumfest started in 1993. It often attracts young crowds, and has featured a variety of Jamaican reggae artists such as Damian \"Junior Gong\" Marley and Stephen Marley, Bunny Wailer, The Mighty Diamonds, Toots & the Maytals, Derrick Harriott, Leroy Sibbles, U-Roy, John Holt, Maxi Priest, Leroy Smart, Beres Hammond, Tony Rebel, Andy Vernon, Frankie Paul, and Freddie McGregor, dancehall stars like Barrington Levy, Vybz Kartel, Popcaan, Tommy Lee Sparta, Beenie Man, Bounty Killer, Elephant Man, Capleton, Sean Paul, and Lady", "title": "Reggae Sumfest" }, { "id": "2069178", "text": "Jamaica is the location of several government buildings including Queens Civil Court, the civil branch of the Queens County Supreme Court, the Queens County Family Court and the Joseph P. Addabbo Federal Building, home to the Social Security Administration's Northeastern Program Service Center. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Northeast Regional Laboratory as well as the New York District Office are also located in Jamaica. Jamaica Center, the area around Jamaica Avenue, is a major commercial center. The New York Racing Association, based at Aqueduct Racetrack in South Ozone Park, lists its official address as Jamaica (Central Jamaica once housed", "title": "Jamaica, Queens" }, { "id": "20171039", "text": "Top 20. Emily Maddison Emily Sara-Claire Maddison (born 1998) is a Jamaican model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Jamaica Universe 2018. She represented Jamaica at the Miss Universe 2018 pageant. Maddison was born and raised in Kingston, Jamaica. She went to Campion College. Maddison was crowned as Miss Jamaica Universe 2018 was held at the Jamaica Pegasus Hotel in Kingston, Jamaica on 24 August 2018. She succeeded outgoing Miss Jamaica Universe 2017 and Miss Universe 2017 2nd runner-up, Davina Bennett. Maddison represented Jamaica in Miss Universe 2018 held on 17 December 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand where she placed", "title": "Emily Maddison" }, { "id": "12070159", "text": "went on to post an outstanding record, producing 4 top 10 finalists (Sandra Foster, Kimberley Mais, Nicole Haughton and Christine Straw) at the international Pageant. The pageant was then promoted by Invyte Promotions (2010–2011), hotelier Dimitris Kosvogiannis (2012). Uzuri International became the new Miss Universe Jamaica franchise owner in (2013). The winner of Miss Jamaica represents her country at Miss Universe. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent. The 1st runner-up of Miss Jamaica represents her country at Miss Grand International. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify", "title": "Miss Jamaica Universe" }, { "id": "2820761", "text": "Prize for his novel \"A Brief History of Seven Killings\". Jamaica's film industry is not widely known, but it is growing. \"The Harder They Come\", \"Rasta Rockett\", \"Shottas\", \"Third World Cop\", \"Rockers\", \"Countryman\", \"Dancehall Queen\" & \" Real Ghetto Youths\" are a few of the best-known Jamaican movies. However, many popular Hollywood movies have also been filmed in Jamaica. A short list includes \"The Blue Lagoon\", \"Cocktail\", \"Cool Runnings\" and James Bond films, \"Dr. No\" and \"Live and Let Die\". Jamaica's leading annual film event \"The Reggae Film Festival\" takes place each February in Jamaica's capital city, Kingston. Members of", "title": "Culture of Jamaica" }, { "id": "13924684", "text": "generally need a reason to suspect that the driver is intoxicated before requesting a breath or sobriety test. It is an offence to refuse to provide a sample of breath when requested with severe penalties including prison. There are also other restrictions for drivers in Victoria: Readings over 0.08% but under 0.15% BAC, and 0.15% BAC and above (legally defined as Drunk Driving) comprise separate offenses, the latter attracting heavier penalties. Persistent offenders may be barred from driving for terms up to and including life, and may also be imprisoned. The law allows a police officer to require any driver", "title": "Drunk driving law by country" }, { "id": "10928994", "text": "Horace Chang Dr. Horace Chang (born 10 November 1952) was the Minister of Water, Environment and Housing in Jamaica from September 2007 to December 2011. He attended New Roads All-age School, Cornwall College, where he was head boy and 6th Form Association President, and the University of the West Indies. He has been Vice President for Young Jamaica, Deputy General Secretary for the Jamaica Labour Party, Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Health, Chairman and Deputy Leader for Area Council Four, Member of Parliament for North West St. James and Opposition Spokesman on Housing and Innercity Development. As a private", "title": "Horace Chang" }, { "id": "18252050", "text": "Style Observer\" and the \"Jamaica Gleaner Flair\" and \"Outlook\" magazines. Kaci Fennell Kaci Fennell-Shirley (born October 9, 1992) is a Jamaican television host, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Jamaica Universe 2014 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2014 pageant. Fennell was crowned Miss Universe Jamaica 2014 and represented Sandcastles on August 30, 2014. She represented her country at Miss Universe 2014. Fennell placed as the 4th runner-up to Paulina Vega of Colombia. She was the first Miss Jamaica to place since 2010 and its second Top 5 placement after 2010. Fennell is a model", "title": "Kaci Fennell" }, { "id": "19475297", "text": "Age of Majority Act 1971 The Age of Majority Act 1971 (), is a Malaysian laws which enacted to amend and consolidate the law relating to the age of majority. According to this Act, the age of majority is 18 years old, so that below than 18 years old is considered as minor. The age of majority should not be confused with other type of ages (e.g. voting age, marriageable age, age of consent, legal working age, school leaving age, legal driving age, smoking age, legal drinking age, age of criminal responsibility, age of candidacy for political offices, etc.) because", "title": "Age of Majority Act 1971" }, { "id": "13793271", "text": "The Act banned alcohol sales on Sundays, Christmas Day, and Good Friday. The first registered consumption age limits were imposed for the first time meaning nobody under the age of 18 could drink in a public bar and nobody under the age of 13 could buy alcohol to take home. The Licensing Act of 1881 created a minimum age of 16 to purchase alcohol in a bar, however did not impose a minimum age to purchase alcohol to be taken away. The legal drinking age was again amended in 1910 when the legal age to drink in hotels was increased", "title": "Alcohol in New Zealand" }, { "id": "9391555", "text": "Jamaica Wine House Jamaica Wine House, known locally as \"the Jampot\", is located in St Michael's Alley, Cornhill, in the heart of London's financial district. It was the first coffee house in London and was visited by the English diarist Samuel Pepys in 1660. It is now a Grade II listed public house and is set within a labyrinth of medieval courts and alleys in the City of London. Jamaica Wine House has historic links with the sugar trade and slave plantations of the West Indies and Turkey. There is a plaque on the wall which reads 'Here stood the", "title": "Jamaica Wine House" }, { "id": "212998", "text": "International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Finance Corporation, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Hydrographic Organization (pending member), International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Telecommunication Union, Intelsat, Interpol, International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Migration, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, Latin American Economic System, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of American States, OPANAL, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, United Nations, UN Security Council (temporary), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNESCO, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Universal Postal Union, World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property", "title": "Foreign relations of Jamaica" }, { "id": "11551155", "text": "Jamaica Independence Festival The Jamaica Independence Festival is a celebration of Jamaica's independence, a status gained in 1962. The festival was initiated in 1962 by then Minister of Community Development (and later Prime Minister) Edward Seaga, to showcase literary, fine, and performing artists, and to celebrate \"things Jamaican\". The festival was considered integral to national development as a way of giving Jamaicans a sense of who they are, and what their history and culture is all about. The festival was scheduled for the first Monday in August, to coincide with the holiday to celebrate both independence and emancipation. The festival", "title": "Jamaica Independence Festival" }, { "id": "20105093", "text": "Commons and does not appear in the final version of C-45 that received Royal Assent. On June 19, 2018, the Senate passed the bill and the Prime Minister announced the effective legalization date as October 17, 2018. Canada is the second nation (after Uruguay) to legalise the drug. As expected, the use of cannabis for recreational purposes became legal across the country on October 17, 2018, under the \"Cannabis Act\". Persons aged 18 or older can possess up to 30 grams of dried or “equivalent non-dried form” in public. Adults are also allowed to make cannabis-infused food and drinks \"as", "title": "Cannabis Act" }, { "id": "12070160", "text": "(due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent. The 2nd runner-up of Miss Jamaica represents her country at Miss Intercontinental. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent. Miss Jamaica Universe Miss Jamaica Universe is a beauty pageant that selects the contestant to represent Jamaica at the Miss Universe beauty pageant. Although Jamaica started competing at the Miss Universe Pageant in 1961, the Miss Universe Jamaica pageant officially started in 1982 and was organised by Ed Wallace to select the official representative. This was won by Nancy Martin", "title": "Miss Jamaica Universe" }, { "id": "1241741", "text": "Jamaica, Vermont Jamaica is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,035 at the 2010 census. Jamaica includes the villages of East Jamaica and Rawsonville. Its ZIP code is 05343. The town is home to Jamaica State Park, noted for scenic camping spots and various swimming holes, including Hamilton Falls. The nearest large town is Brattleboro. In the colonial period, what is now Vermont was disputed territory, with land claims from both New York and New Hampshire. The original grants for this area, issued by the Royal Governor of New York in 1767 and 1772, were", "title": "Jamaica, Vermont" }, { "id": "10525345", "text": "Jamaica Bar The Jamaican Bar Association is a voluntary organisation of attorneys-at-law called to the Jamaican Bar. It was formed on 16 January 1973. The association is \"not\" a regulatory or disciplinary body and has no power to hear complaints against attorneys, even if they are members of the association. It strives to maintain and strengthen the rule of law and human rights, to protect the independence of judges and attorneys-at-law, to reform and improve the local legal system, to offer services to those in need, to foster legal education, and to protect the integrity of the legal profession in", "title": "Jamaica Bar" }, { "id": "13077441", "text": "Human trafficking in Jamaica Jamaica is a source, transit, and destination country for adults and children trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor. Domestically, most victims are impoverished women and children enticed from rural parts of the country to metropolitan areas by family members or newspaper classified jop postings for spa attendants, masseurs, or exotic dancers. After they are recruited, victims are coerced into prostitution. Sex tourism in resort areas has been identified as a problem. Jamaica is reported to be a destination country for women trafficked from the Dominican Republic, Russia, Eastern Europe, Cuba, to work", "title": "Human trafficking in Jamaica" }, { "id": "9079236", "text": "effective January 6, 2017. The Police Services Commission immediately named Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) Novelette P. Grant, JP, MA, M.Sc. to act as Commissioner of Police for 90 days effective January 7, 2017. DCP Grant is only female holding one of the four deputy commissioner rank in the Jamaica Constabulary Force. On April 10, 2017, the Police Services Commission announced the appointment of Deputy Commissioner George F. Quallo as the new commissioner of police effective April 18th 2017. On January 26, 2018, Mr. George Quallo announced that he will be retiring from the Jamaica Constabulary Force, he was expected", "title": "Jamaica Constabulary Force" } ]

[ "8:46:40" ]

[ { "id": "5404222", "text": "Series in , , , and . On September 11, 2001, Islamic terrorist hijackers linked to the jihadist organization Al-Qaeda piloted two hijacked passenger airliners into each of the twin 110 story World Trade Center towers. The airplanes, designated for transcontinental flights and therefore fully loaded with jet fuel, were hijacked mid-flight and intentionally crashed into the towers in the early morning hours of September 11. The crashes caused massive structural damage during impact, ripping gaping holes into the towers, and ignited raging fires, that caused both weakened towers to collapse in less than two hours. Together with a simultaneous", "title": "History of New York City (1978–present)" }, { "id": "739879", "text": "2001 (\"9/11\"), the United States was struck by a terrorist attack when 19 al-Qaeda hijackers commandeered four airliners to be used in suicide attacks and intentionally crashed two into both twin towers of the World Trade Center and the third into the Pentagon, killing 2,937 victims—206 aboard the three airliners, 2,606 who were in the World Trade Center and on the ground, and 125 who were in the Pentagon. The fourth plane was re-taken by the passengers and crew of the aircraft. While they were not able to land the plane safely, they were able to re-take control of the", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "id": "18959579", "text": "right to operate the complex and site for 99 years. At the time, the World Trade Center only had a few notable tenants, and Silverstein wanted to improve the complex to make it more attractive to potential tenants. These plans for improvement were never realized. On the morning of September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda-affiliated hijackers flew two Boeing 767 jets into the Twin Towers in a coordinated act of terrorism. At 8:46 a.m. Eastern Time (ET), a team of five hijackers intentionally crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the northern facade of the North Tower. At 9:03 a.m. ET, a second", "title": "World Trade Center (2001–present)" }, { "id": "18959575", "text": "for the new complex. The buildings are among many created by the World Trade Centers Association. The original World Trade Center featured the landmark Twin Towers, which opened in 1973, and were the tallest buildings in the world at their completion. They were destroyed on the morning of September 11, 2001, when al-Qaeda-affiliated hijackers flew two Boeing 767 jets into the complex in a coordinated act of terrorism. The attacks on the World Trade Center killed 2,753 people. The resulting collapse of the World Trade Center caused structural failure in the surrounding buildings as well. The process of cleaning up", "title": "World Trade Center (2001–present)" }, { "id": "1464279", "text": "made over the tower's PA system to \"begin an orderly evacuation if conditions warranted\". 9:03:00: Flight 175 crashes at about 590 mph (950 km/h, 264 m/s or 513 knots) into the south face of the South Tower (2 WTC) of the World Trade Center, between floors 77 and 85. All 65 people on board the aircraft die instantly on impact, and unknown hundreds in the building as well. By this time, several media organizations, including the three major broadcast networks (who have interrupted their morning shows), are covering the first plane crash—millions see the impact live. Parts of the plane,", "title": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "739880", "text": "aircraft and crash it into an empty field in Pennsylvania, killing all 44 people including the four terrorists on board, thereby saving whatever target the terrorists were aiming for. Within two hours, both Twin Towers of the World Trade Center completely collapsed causing massive damage to the surrounding area and blanketing Lower Manhattan in toxic dust clouds. All in all, a total of 2,977 victims perished in the attacks. In response, President George W. Bush on September 20 announced a \"War on Terror\". On October 7, 2001, the United States and NATO then invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime,", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "id": "21840", "text": "United Airlines Flight 175, American Airlines Flight 77, and United Airlines Flight 93 and crashed them into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the southwestern side of the Pentagon, and Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania (after passengers acted to stop the hijackers; its intended target was either the White House or the U.S. Capitol) in a terrorist attack. All in all, 2,996 people perished and more than 6,000 others were injured in the attacks. This casualty toll makes the hijackings the most fatal in history. A Pakistan Air Force T-33 trainer was hijacked on August 20, 1971, before", "title": "Aircraft hijacking" }, { "id": "1464291", "text": "planes that hit the Twin Towers was an American Airlines 767 from Boston to Los Angeles that was hijacked. 9:28: Hijackers storm the cockpit on Flight 93 and take over the flight. The entry of the hijackers is overheard by flight controllers at Cleveland. 9:29: President Bush makes his first public statements about the attacks, in front of an audience of about 200 teachers and students at the elementary school. He states that he will be going back to Washington. \"Today, we've had a national tragedy,\" he starts. \"Two airplanes... have crashed... into the World Trade Center... in an apparent", "title": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "104115", "text": "David Angell David Lawrence Angell (April 10, 1946September 11, 2001) was an American television producer and screenwriter. Angell won multiple Emmy Awards as the creator and executive producer, along with Peter Casey and David Lee, of the comedy series \"Frasier\". Angell and his wife Lynn both died heading home from their vacation on Cape Cod aboard American Airlines Flight 11. This was the first plane to hit the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks. Angell was born in Providence, Rhode Island, to Henry and Mae (née Cooney) Angell. He received a bachelor's degree in English Literature from Providence", "title": "David Angell" }, { "id": "2171535", "text": "entered a new era following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the worst terrorist attack ever to take place on American soil. Four hijacked passenger jets came towards the USA. Two of the hijacked passenger jets crashed into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, destroying them, and killing almost 3,000 people. One flew into the Pentagon demolishing the walls. The final one was taken back over by the pilots and crashed into an open grassland with 296 out of the 500 people dead. Thousands of New Yorkers volunteered their time to search the ruin for survivors and remains in", "title": "History of New York (state)" }, { "id": "3086061", "text": "Collapse of the World Trade Center The Twin Towers of New York City's World Trade Center collapsed after being deliberately struck by two commercial passenger jets during the September 11 attacks. A total of four commercial aircraft were hijacked by al-Qaeda terrorists on 9/11 and two of those were crashed into the Twin Towers. American Airlines Flight 11 was crashed into the north side of the North Tower (One World Trade Center) and United Airlines Flight 175 was crashed into the south side of the South Tower (Two World Trade Center). The collapse of the Twin Towers destroyed the rest", "title": "Collapse of the World Trade Center" }, { "id": "3279484", "text": "the West began. The RAF bombed German warships and light vessels in several harbours on 3 and 4 September. Eight German Kriegsmarine men were killed at Wilhelmshaven – the war's first casualties to British bombs; attacks on ships at Cuxhaven and Heligoland followed. The 1939 Battle of the Heligoland Bight showed the vulnerability of bombers to fighter attack. Germany's first strikes were not carried out until 16 and 17 October 1939, against the British fleet at Rosyth and Scapa Flow. Little activity followed. Meanwhile, attacks by the Royal Air Force dwindled to less than one a month. As the winter", "title": "Strategic bombing during World War II" }, { "id": "9431978", "text": "tactic. On September 11, 2001, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked American Airlines Flight 11, United Airlines Flight 175, American Airlines Flight 77, and United Airlines Flight 93 and crashed them into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the southwestern side of the Pentagon building, and Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania in a terrorist attack, killing 2,977 victims, most of them American citizens. Bioterrorism is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs (agents) used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. Biological agents are typically found in nature, but it is possible that they can", "title": "Tactics of terrorism" }, { "id": "2658408", "text": "12 Americans. The U.S. launched cruise missile strikes on a terrorist training camp in Afghanistan, yet this failed to destroy al-Qaeda's vast network. On October 12, 2000, al-Qaeda militants bombed the USS \"Cole\" off the coast of Yemen, killing 17 U.S. sailors and severely damaging the ship. On the morning of September 11, 2001, four airliners were hijacked by 19 members of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. The first hijacked airliner, American Airlines Flight 11, struck the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 A.M. (EST) in New York City; with a second, United Airlines Flight 175, striking the", "title": "History of the United States (1991–2008)" }, { "id": "1464283", "text": "initially suggests it was a rare accident, saying that the two crashes might have been caused by navigational system failure. Several eyewitness accounts and camera footage reveal that the plane was coming in at an angle, and was seen to turn drastically to the left to be able to hit the tower, unlike its predecessor, Flight 11, which had been able to hit the North Tower straight on. Thus, it is believed that had the plane continued flying straight, it would have at least simply clipped the side of the building with its left wing, or even missed the building", "title": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "7834557", "text": "terrorist attacks. Two planes crashed into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, the third into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and the fourth inadvertently into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. The attacks cost the lives of 2,996 people (including the 19 hijackers), caused the destruction of the Twin Towers, and damaged the western side of the Pentagon. Soon after 9/11, \"The New York Times\" released a story stating that the CIA's New York field office was destroyed in the wake of the attacks. According to unnamed CIA sources, while first responders, military personnel", "title": "Central Intelligence Agency" }, { "id": "1464268", "text": "CNN and MSNBC's websites receive such heavy traffic that many servers collapse. BBC News' website is active and shows a picture of the North Tower on fire. Minutes later, email news bulletins revise the reports of fire to a plane crash. 8:50: NEADS is notified that a plane has struck the World Trade Center as they continue to try to locate the flight on radar. 8:50: ABC News was airing \"Good Morning America\" at the time of the attack. After returning from a commercial break, hosts Charles Gibson and Diane Sawyer made the announcement of the first plane that hit", "title": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "7730640", "text": "Tower were forced to walk down darkened stairwells that had no emergency lighting, and some took two hours or more to reach safety. At 8:46 a.m. (EDT) on September 11, 2001, five hijackers affiliated with al-Qaeda crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the northern facade of the North Tower. Seventeen minutes later, at 9:03 a.m. (EDT), a second group of terrorists crashed the hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern facade of the South Tower, striking between the 77th and 85th floors. By 9:59 a.m. (EDT), the South Tower collapsed after burning for approximately 56 minutes. After burning for", "title": "One World Trade Center" }, { "id": "18052584", "text": "photograph was later nominated for the international \"Picture of the Year\" award, coming in second place. A similar, closer photograph, taken at a different angle by Jeff Christensen of Reuters, was later used in an attempt to identify the victims depicted. On September 11, 2001, four commercial aircraft were hijacked and deliberately crashed as part of a coordinated attack on the United States by Al-Qaeda terrorists. Two, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, were crashed into the North and South Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 a.m. and 9:03 a.m. respectively. Both towers collapsed in", "title": "Impending Death" }, { "id": "14836264", "text": "and \"The City Sun\". On the morning of September 11, 2001, a passing taxi driver alerted Biggart to the fact that a plane had just crashed into the World Trade Center. A \"news junkie\", according to those who were close to him, Biggart ran to his apartment near Union Square, grabbed three cameras (two film, one digital) and began walking the two miles toward the center, where fire trucks were located, shooting photographs along the way, including digital, color film and slide images. He eventually found himself at the World Trade Center shooting the Twin Towers as they burned, and", "title": "Bill Biggart" }, { "id": "7692127", "text": "Ben Sliney Ben Sliney (born 1945) is a former United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Operations Manager. His first day in this position was September 11, 2001, and he was responsible for ordering a National Ground Stop across United States airspace in response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11. After two planes crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, another into the Pentagon and one more in Pennsylvania, Sliney gave the order to land every plane in the air over the U.S. at the time (SCATANA), effectively shutting down U.S. airspace. There were roughly 4,200 aircraft", "title": "Ben Sliney" }, { "id": "3279576", "text": "have been the beginning of his personal involvement in the peace process, culminating in Japan's surrender five months later. The first U.S. raid on the Japanese main island was the Doolittle Raid of 18 April 1942, when sixteen B-25 Mitchells were launched from the to attack targets including Yokohama and Tokyo and then fly on to airfields in China. The raid was a military pinprick but a significant propaganda victory. Because they were launched prematurely, none of the aircraft had enough fuel to reach their designated landing sites, and so either crashed or ditched (except for one aircraft, which landed", "title": "Strategic bombing during World War II" }, { "id": "703945", "text": "at Pearl Harbor, though MacArthur had almost nine hours warning that the Japanese had already attacked Pearl Harbor. The air portion of the attack began at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (3:18 a.m. December 8 Japanese Standard Time, as kept by ships of the \"Kido Butai\"), with the attack on Kaneohe. A total of 353 Japanese planes in two waves reached Oahu. Slow, vulnerable torpedo bombers led the first wave, exploiting the first moments of surprise to attack the most important ships present (the battleships), while dive bombers attacked U.S. air bases across Oahu, starting with Hickam Field, the largest, and", "title": "Attack on Pearl Harbor" }, { "id": "7760697", "text": "one to SFO in San Francisco) after takeoffs from Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts; Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark, New Jersey; and Washington Dulles International Airport in Loudoun and Fairfax counties in Virginia. Large planes with long flights were selected for hijacking because they would be heavily fueled. The four flights were: Media coverage was extensive during the attacks and aftermath, beginning moments after the first crash into the World Trade Center. At 8:46 am, five hijackers crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the northern façade of the World Trade Center's North Tower (1 WTC). At 9:03 am,", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "10665598", "text": "Factual, and was nominated (but did not win) for Editing as well. It was also nominated for the 2007 Emmy for Outstanding Made For Television Movie. Ich war hier The documentary revolves around several WTC workers/rescuers as they retell their experiences from the 9/11 attacks, beginning from the moment of when American Airlines Flight 11 hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center to the aftermath of the collapse of both Twin Towers. Frank De Martini is the construction manager of the World Trade Center, for helping rebuild the building after the 1993 bomb attack. He and two other", "title": "9/11: The Twin Towers" }, { "id": "13738914", "text": "world affairs. On 17 December 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first ever flight using an airplane, launching an aviation race in Europe and the USA which led to rapid advancement in flying technology in the next few decades. From 1914 to 1918, the First World War, and its aftermath, caused major changes in the power balance of the world, destroying or transforming some of the most powerful empires. The First World War (or simply WWI), termed \"The Great War\" by contemporaries, started in 1914 and ended in 1918. It was ignited by the Assassination in Sarajevo of the", "title": "20th-century events" }, { "id": "1464326", "text": "later reported to have attacked Kabul's airport with helicopter gunships. 6:00: The last of the aircraft headed for the U.S. lands in Canada at Vancouver International Airport, since it was flying over the Pacific. 6:54: U.S. President George W. Bush arrives at the White House in Washington, D.C. 7:00: Efforts to locate survivors in the rubble that had been the twin towers continue. Fleets of ambulances are lined up to transport the injured to nearby hospitals, but they stand empty. \"Ground Zero\", as the site of the WTC collapse becomes known henceforth, is the exclusive domain of New York City's", "title": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "7692130", "text": "in the documentary \"Seconds from Disaster\". Ben Sliney Ben Sliney (born 1945) is a former United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Operations Manager. His first day in this position was September 11, 2001, and he was responsible for ordering a National Ground Stop across United States airspace in response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11. After two planes crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, another into the Pentagon and one more in Pennsylvania, Sliney gave the order to land every plane in the air over the U.S. at the time (SCATANA), effectively shutting down U.S.", "title": "Ben Sliney" }, { "id": "7760722", "text": "8:53 am. Because of slow and confused communication from FAA officials, NORAD had 9 minutes' notice that Flight 11 had been hijacked, and no notice about any of the other flights before they crashed. After both of the Twin Towers had already been hit, more fighters were scrambled from Langley Air Force Base in Virginia at 9:30 am. At 10:20 am Vice President Dick Cheney issued orders to shoot down any commercial aircraft that could be positively identified as being hijacked. These instructions were not relayed in time for the fighters to take action. Some fighters took to the air", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "1464272", "text": "Flight 11 (and not aware that it has already crashed), they are sent to military controlled airspace off Long Island and ordered to remain in a holding pattern until between 9:09 and 9:13. 8:52: CBS interrupts \"The Early Show\" to report the news of the attack. Bryant Gumbel makes the announcement that a plane has crashed into the World Trade Center. 8:52: CBC Newsworld anchor Mark Kelley makes the first Canadian television report of the first plane crash. 8:54: Flight 77 deviates from its assigned course, turning south over Ohio. 8:55: Fox News comes back from a commercial break to", "title": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "19248", "text": "drone attacks against the armed group, which was created by Osama bin Laden in 1988.\" In December 1998, the Director of the CIA Counterterrorism Center reported to President Bill Clinton that al-Qaeda was preparing to launch attacks in the United States, and that the group was training personnel to hijack aircraft. On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda attacked the United States, hijacking four airliners within the country and deliberately crashing two into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. The third plane crashed into the western side of the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. The fourth", "title": "Al-Qaeda" }, { "id": "19664416", "text": "Twin Towers (Wembley) The Twin Towers were part of the original Wembley Stadium in London, England. They were constructed in 1923 on the site of Watkin's Tower in Wembley, and came to be recognised as one of the iconic symbols of English football in general and of Wembley Stadium in particular. They became grade II listed buildings in 1976, but they were demolished in 2003 to make way for the new Wembley Stadium. The towers were designed by Sir Robert McAlpine for the construction of Empire Stadium (later known as Wembley Stadium) in time for the British Empire Exhibition on", "title": "Twin Towers (Wembley)" }, { "id": "18646327", "text": "on , 2001. On September 11, 2001, Islamist terrorists hijacked American Airlines Flight 11 and crashed it into the northern façade of the North Tower at 8:46:40 a.m., the aircraft striking between the 93rd and 99th floors. Seventeen minutes later, at 9:03:11 a.m., a second group crashed the similarly hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern façade of the South Tower, striking it between the 77th and 85th floors. The damage caused to the North Tower by Flight 11 destroyed any means of escape from above the impact zone, trapping 1,344 people. Flight 175 had a much more off-centered", "title": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)" }, { "id": "1485937", "text": "former owner. Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli come to the war-torn nation of Rohan and are reunited with the resurrected Gandalf, before fighting at the Battle of Helm's Deep. Merry and Pippin escape capture, meet Treebeard the Ent, and help to plan an attack on Isengard. Meeting high critical acclaim, the film was an enormous box-office success, earning over $926 million worldwide and is currently the 49th highest-grossing film of all time; and also the highest-grossing film of 2002 (inflation-adjusted, it is the 62nd most successful film in North America). The film won numerous accolades and was nominated for six Academy", "title": "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers" }, { "id": "12323177", "text": "attacks, orchestrated by al-Qaeda, has been called \"the worst attack on American soil since the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor which thrust the United States into World War II\". They involved the hijacking of four large passenger jet airliners because their long transcontinental flight plans meant they carried more fuel, allowing a bigger explosion on impact (unlike earlier airline hijackings, the primary focus was the planes, not the passengers). Two planes were deliberately flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, destroying both 110 story skyscrapers within less than two hours, and a third", "title": "Suicide attack" }, { "id": "122766", "text": "as well as the insertion of retroactive provisions into the law, allowing people to sue the government for the incident. Also as a result of the crash, the Civil Aeronautics Administration enacted strict regulations regarding flying over New York City, setting a minimum flying altitude of above sea level regardless of the weather conditions. A year later, on July 24, 1946, another aircraft narrowly missed striking the building. The unidentified twin-engine plane scraped past the observation deck, scaring the tourists there. On January 24, 2000, an elevator in the building suddenly descended 40 stories after a cable that controlled the", "title": "Empire State Building" }, { "id": "10051069", "text": "her course, via Pearl Harbor and Eniwetok, for the Marianas. She arrived at Saipan, on 6 August, (just over a week before Japan capitulated) and reported to Commander, Service Division 103. Ironically, on the very day - 6 August 1945 - \"Ulysses\" arrived at Saipan, only away on Tinian Island, a plane named the Enola Gay took off and flew to Hiroshima, Japan, and dropped the world's first atomic bomb on that city. The sailors aboard \"Ulysses\" knew nothing of this at the time, nor for several days afterwards. During the remainder of 1945, she carried out repair assignments while", "title": "USS Ulysses (ARB-9)" }, { "id": "689074", "text": "with this machine and this method of starting, the machine would undoubtedly have flown beautifully.\" Following repairs, the Wrights finally took to the air on December 17, 1903, making two flights each from level ground into a freezing headwind gusting to . The first flight, by Orville at 10:35 am, of in 12 seconds, at a speed of only over the ground, was recorded in a . The next two flights covered approximately , by Wilbur and Orville respectively. Their altitude was about above the ground. The following is Orville Wright's account of the final flight of the day: Wilbur", "title": "Wright brothers" }, { "id": "10665601", "text": "Vere and two other delegates, up to the roof to try and evacuate from there, but they are unsuccessful. Eventually, people begin jumping to their deaths to escape the flames. Christine makes three more calls for help afterwards, but neither she nor anyone else from Windows on the World is heard from again after 9:40 AM. Olender, de Vere and everyone else in or above the North Tower impact zone eventually lost their lives that day. Harry Ramos and Hong Zhu were two workers who were on the 87th floor when American 11 hit. While Ramos and a few other", "title": "9/11: The Twin Towers" }, { "id": "16145754", "text": "present on-camera interviews, instead focusing on an overarching narrative telling the historic story appropriate to that episode's specific title. Boyne is not the sole narrator, but utilizes other voices to describe details while Boyne appears to sum up and tie together segments as host. The first air attack of World War II officially commenced at 04:34 hours on September 1, 1939, when three Luftwaffe Ju 87 Stukas attacked railway bridges in Poland. The air war effectively ended at 10:58 hours on August 9, 1945, when a solitary B-29 Superfortress over the Japanese city of Nagasaki dropped the second atomic bomb.", "title": "Clash of Wings" }, { "id": "9076042", "text": "World Trade Center, most centrally its twin towers, involved many other innovative techniques, such as the slurry wall for digging the foundation, and wind tunnel experiments. Construction of the World Trade Center's North Tower began in August 1968, and the South Tower in 1969. Extensive use of prefabricated components helped to speed up the construction process. The first tenants moved into the North Tower in December 1970 and into the South Tower in January 1972. Four other low-level buildings were constructed as part of the World Trade Center in the early 1970s, and the complex was mostly complete by 1973.", "title": "Construction of the World Trade Center" }, { "id": "10034473", "text": "weather. Twenty-eight aircraft took off and soon encountered the predicted high winds, after nearly two hours in the air they had made so little progress that Zeebrugge was still in sight. After a further hour the English coast came into sight, revealing that the Gothas were some off course. With barely enough fuel left to return to Belgium, the flight commander called off the attack. The high wind caused two aircraft to come down in the North Sea and others ran out of fuel and were lost making forced landings, two coming down in neutral Holland. On 22 August, 15", "title": "German strategic bombing during World War I" }, { "id": "703915", "text": "military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The attack commenced at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time (18:18 GMT). The base was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft (including fighters, level and dive bombers, and torpedo bombers) in two waves, launched from six aircraft carriers. All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four sunk. All but were later raised, and", "title": "Attack on Pearl Harbor" }, { "id": "18646276", "text": "World Trade Center (1973–2001) The original World Trade Center was a large complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. It featured the landmark Twin Towers, which opened on April 4, 1973 and were destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks. At the time of their completion, the Twin Towers — the original 1 World Trade Center, at ; and 2 World Trade Center, at — were the tallest buildings in the world. Other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC), 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6 WTC, and 7 WTC.", "title": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)" }, { "id": "3086066", "text": "moments, American Airlines Flight 11 flew south over Manhattan and crashed at roughly into the north facade of the North Tower (WTC 1) at 8:46 am, impacting between the 93rd and 99th floors. Seventeen minutes later, United Airlines Flight 175 approached from the southwest, over New York Harbor, and crashed into the South Tower (WTC 2) south facade at 9:03 am between the 77th and 85th floors at . In addition to severing numerous load-bearing columns on the perimeter and inflicting other structural damage, the resulting explosions in each tower ignited of jet fuel along with office contents. According to", "title": "Collapse of the World Trade Center" }, { "id": "1622966", "text": "Paul Tibbets Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 – 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the B-29 Superfortress known as the \"Enola Gay\" (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Tibbets enlisted in the United States Army in 1937 and qualified as a pilot in 1938. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he flew anti-submarine patrols over the Atlantic. In February 1942, he became the", "title": "Paul Tibbets" }, { "id": "7175124", "text": "Building, was the largest commercial office building in the world when it opened on 7 March 1963. It is an important part of the Manhattan skyline and one of the fifty tallest buildings in the USA. The World Trade Center's twin towers were the city's tallest buildings from 1973 until their destruction in the September 11 attacks. The towers rose 1,368 feet (417 m) and 1,362 feet (415 m) respectively, both 110 Floors. The North Tower's 360 foot antenna housed most of the city's communications, while the South Tower was home to a popular observation deck. They were the tallest", "title": "Architecture of New York City" }, { "id": "17708302", "text": "9:03 a.m. EDT on September 11, 2001, five terrorists crashed United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern facade of the South Tower. Three buildings in the World Trade Center complex, including 2 WTC, collapsed due to fire-induced structural failure. The light construction and hollow nature of the structures allowed the jet fuel to penetrate far inside the towers, igniting many large fires simultaneously over a wide area of the impacted floors. The fuel from the planes burned at most for a few minutes, but the contents of the buildings burned over the next hour to hour and a half. The", "title": "2 World Trade Center" }, { "id": "689029", "text": "Wright brothers The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft", "title": "Wright brothers" }, { "id": "19724783", "text": "that were heated by uncontrolled fires caused by the collapse of the North Tower and failure of the fire-resistive material. During the September 11th terrorist attacks, two jet airliners struck the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center (WTC), one to each tower. As a result, the two 110 stories-tall skyscrapers collapsed, causing complete destruction to the entire WTC complex and killing 2,997 people. The South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m. (EDT) after burning for approximately 56 minutes. 29 minutes later, the North Tower collapsed having burned for 102 minutes. When the North Tower collapsed, debris fell on the nearby", "title": "The NIST World Trade Center Disaster Investigation" }, { "id": "10665597", "text": "9/11: The Twin Towers 9/11: The Twin Towers (also billed as Inside the Twin Towers) is a television special documentary film which uses re-enactments and computer-generated imagery to re-create a minute-by-minute account of what happened inside the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City during the September 11 attacks. In the United States it premiered on the Discovery Channel on 3 September 2006, narrated by Harry Pritchett. In the United Kingdom it premiered on BBC One on 7 September 2006, narrated by Terence Stamp. The film won the 2007 British Academy Television Craft Award for Sound", "title": "9/11: The Twin Towers" }, { "id": "10665606", "text": "50th floor. A fireman directs them to an elevator where Al convinces Jan not to take the stairs, arguing that it would take too long. They all manage to make it out alive. Stanley Praimnath worked at Fuji Bank on the 81st floor of the South Tower. Before the tower was hit, he attempted to evacuate with several other employees believing something may happen to the tower, but was instructed by security guards to return to his office. Stanley was using his office telephone when he saw the plane coming towards him. Just before the plane hit, he screams \"Lord", "title": "9/11: The Twin Towers" }, { "id": "703942", "text": "negotiations ... and they clearly prevailed.\" In any event, even if the Japanese had decoded and delivered the 14-Part Message before the beginning of the attack, it would not have constituted either a formal break of diplomatic relations or a declaration of war. The final two paragraphs of the message read: The first attack wave of 183 planes was launched north of Oahu, led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida. Six planes failed to launch due to technical difficulties. It included: As the first wave approached Oahu, it was detected by the U.S. Army SCR-270 radar at Opana Point near the island's", "title": "Attack on Pearl Harbor" }, { "id": "3151107", "text": "commander and Van Kirk as the group navigator. From November 1944 to June 1945 they trained continually for the first atomic bomb drop, which occurred 6 August 1945. The thirteen-hour mission to Hiroshima began at 02:45 hrs in the morning Tinian time. By the time they rendezvoused with their accompanying B-29s at 0607 hrs over Iwo Jima, the group was three hours from the target area. As they approached the target Van Kirk worked closely with the bombardier, Tom Ferebee, to confirm the winds and aimpoint. The bomb fell away from the aircraft at 09:15:17 Tinian time. Van Kirk later", "title": "Theodore Van Kirk" }, { "id": "255987", "text": "Little Boy \"Little Boy\" was the code name for the type of atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II. It was the first nuclear weapon used in warfare. The bomb was dropped by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress \"Enola Gay\" piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It exploded with an energy of approximately and caused widespread death and destruction throughout the city. The Hiroshima bombing was the second nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and", "title": "Little Boy" }, { "id": "2648082", "text": "position, measured by a close in the gap with front-runner \"Today\", NBC News' morning program, sustained her in the position for nearly eleven years. In 2000, Sawyer returned as co-anchor of \"Primetime\" newsmagazine now called \"Primetime Thursday\", with Gibson replacing Donaldson. Sawyer was the first to announce to the Good Morning America viewers that the first plane crashed into the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. In 2004, when the show's title was changed to its original name, \"Primetime Live\", a new executive producer was hired, and the newsmagazine format was changed to investigative reporting with Sawyer rotating as", "title": "Diane Sawyer" }, { "id": "2355197", "text": "later reduced to three towers. The arrival of the V-2 rocket in September 1944 was initially met with no potential response. The missiles flew too high and too fast to be detected during their approach, leaving no time even for an air raid warning to be sounded. Their supersonic speed meant that the explosions occurred without warning before the sound of their approach reached the target. The government initially tried to pass them off as explosions in the underground gas mains. However, it was clear this was not the case, and eventually, examples of the V-2 falling in its final", "title": "Chain Home" }, { "id": "12014384", "text": "Trade Center at 08:46:40 local time. Countless people in the streets of New York City witnessed the strike, but few video recordings captured the moment. Documentary film maker Jules Naudet captured the only known footage of the initial impact from start to finish. Before the hijacking was confirmed, news agencies began to report on the incident and speculated that the crash had been an accident. The impact and subsequent fire caused the North Tower to collapse 102 minutes after the crash, resulting in hundreds of additional casualties. During the recovery effort at the World Trade Center site, workers recovered and", "title": "American Airlines Flight 11" }, { "id": "3841198", "text": "Bombing of Wieluń The bombing of Wieluń comprised air raids on the Polish town of Wieluń by Germany's \"Luftwaffe\" (air force) on 1 September 1939. The Luftwaffe began bombing Wieluń in the early morning on the first day of World War II. The bombing has been described by several historians as the first act of World War II, but this claim, and the precise time the town was bombed, have been disputed by other historians. Regardless of the precise time, the air raids on the town were among the first aerial bombings of the war. The city had neither air", "title": "Bombing of Wieluń" }, { "id": "1464260", "text": "not know the location of their target. NEADS spends the next several minutes watching their radar screens in anticipation of Flight 11 returning a radar contact. 8:46:40: Flight 11 crashes at roughly 466 mph (790 km/h or 219 m/s or 425 knots) into the north face of the North Tower (1 WTC) of the World Trade Center, between floors 93 and 99. The aircraft enters the tower intact. It plows to the building's core, severing all three gypsum-encased stairwells, dragging combustibles with it. A powerful shock wave travels down to the ground and up again. The combustibles and the remnants", "title": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "12500696", "text": "St Andrew Centre for Studies in Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV), the leading centre for the study of terrorism in the UK. As well, experts associated with the RAND-St Andrews nexus have significant professional ties with businesses and military personal associated with counter-terrorism activity, many of which have made \"windfall profits\" in the Iraq conflict. On 11 September 2001, 19 terrorists – in association with Al-Qaeda – hijacked four commercial planes and flew them into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and a field near Stonycreek Township, Somerset", "title": "Critical terrorism studies" }, { "id": "125470", "text": "Enola Gay The Enola Gay () is a Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber, named after Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb. The bomb, code-named \"Little Boy\", was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan, and caused the near-complete destruction of the city. \"Enola Gay\" participated in the second atomic attack as the weather reconnaissance aircraft for the primary target of Kokura. Clouds and drifting smoke resulted in a secondary target, Nagasaki, being bombed instead.", "title": "Enola Gay" }, { "id": "2778604", "text": "the last day of her tour on the SARA station. On 31 August 1966, a Navy plane was hit by antiaircraft fire over Haiphong, and the pilot bailed out of his doomed aircraft directly over the enemy harbor. As he floated down under his parachute to face what seemed certain capture, \"Towers\" and closed to within visual range of Haiphong harbor. Then \"King's\" helicopter sped in under the guidance of \"Towers\"' experienced controllers and picked up the pilot, whisking him out of danger from beneath the enemy's very nose. After a brief rest and recreation period, \"Towers\" returned to the", "title": "USS Towers" }, { "id": "18646320", "text": "sprinkler systems. The first terrorist attack on the World Trade Center occurred on February 26, 1993, at 12:17 p.m. A Ryder truck filled with of explosives, planted by Ramzi Yousef, detonated in the underground garage of the North Tower. The blast opened a 100-foot (30 m) hole through five sublevels with the greatest damage occurring on levels B1 and B2 and significant structural damage on level B3. Six people were killed and 1,042 others were injured during escape attempts complicated by smoke infiltration from the base of the building up to the 93rd floor of both towers. Many people inside", "title": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)" }, { "id": "9950528", "text": "16 February and 23:45–05:49 on 17 February. The first wave tried to concentrate the bombing by approaching from different directions. In the second wave, the aircraft came in smaller groups from the east. Finnish intelligence had intercepted messages one hour and 40 minutes before the raid and warned the air defense, which had time to prepare. The air defense sounded the warning 49 minutes before the raid. Radar picked up the first aircraft 34 minutes before the beginning of the bombings. This time casualty figures were much lower: 25 died and 29 were injured. 27 buildings were destroyed and 53", "title": "Bombing of Helsinki in World War II" }, { "id": "545285", "text": "into the South Tower, being filmed from multiple vantage points. al-Shehhi flew the plane faster and lower into the tower than Atta did, into the eastern half of the South Tower's southern facade close to the southeast corner, leading to the South Tower collapsing before the North Tower, which was the first to be hit. Marwan al-Shehhi Marwan Yousef Mohamed Rashid Lekrab al-Shehhi (, , also transliterated as Alshehhi; 9 May 1978 – 11 September 2001) was the hijacker-pilot of United Airlines Flight 175, crashing the plane into the South Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the", "title": "Marwan al-Shehhi" }, { "id": "3279591", "text": "flew over the Japanese city of Hiroshima in southwest Honshū and dropped a gun-type uranium-235 atomic bomb (code-named Little Boy by the U.S.) on it. Two other B-29 aircraft were airborne nearby for the purposes of instrumentation and photography. When the planes first approached Hiroshima, Japanese anti-aircraft units in the city initially thought they were reconnaissance aircraft, since they were ordered not to shoot at one or few aircraft that did not pose a threat, in order to conserve their ammunition for large-scale air raids. The bomb killed roughly 90,000–166,000 people; half of these died quickly while the other half", "title": "Strategic bombing during World War II" }, { "id": "410581", "text": "Twin Peaks Twin Peaks is an American mystery horror drama television series created by Mark Frost and David Lynch that premiered on April 8, 1990, on ABC. It was one of the top-rated series of 1990, but declining ratings led to its cancellation after its second season in 1991. It nonetheless gained a cult following and has been referenced in a wide variety of media. In subsequent years, \"Twin Peaks\" has often been listed among the greatest television series of all time. The series follows an investigation headed by FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper (Kyle MacLachlan) into the murder of", "title": "Twin Peaks" }, { "id": "435675", "text": "United Airlines Flight 175 United Airlines Flight 175 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Logan International Airport, in Boston, Massachusetts, to Los Angeles International Airport, in Los Angeles, California. On September 11, 2001, the Boeing 767-200 operating the route was hijacked by five al-Qaeda terrorists and was deliberately crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing all 65 people aboard and an unconfirmed number in the building's impact zone. The attempt was part of the September 11 attacks. Approximately thirty minutes into the flight, the hijackers forcibly breached the cockpit and overpowered", "title": "United Airlines Flight 175" }, { "id": "703974", "text": "and may even have let it happen or encouraged it in order to force the U.S. into war via the so-called \"back door\". However, this conspiracy theory is rejected by mainstream historians. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Accounts Media Historical documents Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War", "title": "Attack on Pearl Harbor" }, { "id": "15634325", "text": "Department of the Navy informed McMillin of the December 7 attack on Pearl Harbor on December 8. Upon receiving this news and the beginning of United States involvement in World War II, McMillin ordered the evacuation of various civilian populations, the jailing of all Japanese nationals on the island, and churches, banks, and schools closed. A few hours later, the Japanese attacked Guam. At 8:27 p.m. on December 8, the battle began. Japanese planes first began bombing the Marine barracks and then other key targets. The also sank in the initial attack. The was set ablaze and captured by Japanese", "title": "George McMillin" }, { "id": "3363875", "text": "it would place the fighter directly in the rear gunner's line of fire; several high scoring aces of the war were shot down by \"lowly\" two-seaters, including Raoul Lufbery, Erwin Böhme, and Robert Little. The first aerial bombardment of civilians occurred during World War I. In the opening weeks of the war Zeppelins bombed Liege, Antwerp and Warsaw, and other cities including Paris and Bucharest were targeted. And in January 1915 the Germans began a bombing campaign against England that was to last until 1918, initially using airships. There were 19 raids in 1915, in which 37 tons of bombs", "title": "Aviation in World War I" }, { "id": "638933", "text": "Brigadier General Emmett O'Donnell Jr. acted as mission command pilot in B-29 \"Dauntless Dotty\". The campaign of incendiary raids started with the bombardment of Kobe on February 4, 1945, then peaked early with the most destructive bombing raid in human history (even when the later \"Silverplate\"-flown nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are considered) on the night of March 9–10, 1945 on Tokyo. From then on, the raids intensified, being launched regularly until the end of the war. The attacks succeeded in devastating most large Japanese cities (with the exception of Kyoto and several others), and they gravely damaged Japan's", "title": "Boeing B-29 Superfortress" }, { "id": "561024", "text": "Wall Street bonuses to fuel the growth of the real estate market. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in Manhattan's economy. On September 11, 2001, two of four hijacked planes were flown into the Twin Towers of the original World Trade Center, and the towers subsequently collapsed. 7 World Trade Center collapsed due to fires and structural damage caused by heavy debris falling from the collapse of the Twin Towers. The other buildings within the World Trade Center complex were damaged beyond repair and soon after demolished. The collapse of the Twin Towers caused extensive damage to other", "title": "Manhattan" }, { "id": "6074764", "text": "island of Puerto Rico, on March 2. On June 3–4, 1942, Japanese planes from two light carriers and struck the U.S. military base at Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands, Unalaska, Alaska. Originally, the Japanese planned to attack Dutch Harbor simultaneously with its attack on Midway but it occurred a day earlier due to one-day delay. The attack only did moderate damage on Dutch Harbor, but 78 Americans were killed in the attack. On June 6, two days after the bombing of Dutch Harbor, 500 Japanese marines landed on Kiska, one of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. Upon landing, they", "title": "American Theater (World War II)" }, { "id": "7760701", "text": "at 9:59 a.m. after burning for 56 minutes in a fire caused by the impact of United Airlines Flight 175 and the explosion of its fuel. The North Tower collapsed at 10:28 a.m. after burning for 102 minutes. When the North Tower collapsed, debris fell on the nearby 7 World Trade Center building (7 WTC), damaging it and starting fires. These fires burned for hours, compromising the building's structural integrity, and 7 WTC collapsed at 5:21 pm. The west side of the Pentagon sustained significant damage. At 9:42 am, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) grounded all civilian aircraft within the", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "703944", "text": "tell the operators of the six B-17s that were due (even though it was widely known). As the first wave planes approached Oahu, they encountered and shot down several U.S. aircraft. At least one of these radioed a somewhat incoherent warning. Other warnings from ships off the harbor entrance were still being processed or awaiting confirmation when the attacking planes began bombing and strafing. Nevertheless, it is not clear any warnings would have had much effect even if they had been interpreted correctly and much more promptly. The results the Japanese achieved in the Philippines were essentially the same as", "title": "Attack on Pearl Harbor" }, { "id": "18194063", "text": "dropping propaganda leaflets warning the residents of the city of its imminent destruction. On July 19, 1945, 131 B-29 bombers from the USAAF 58th Bombardment Wing launched from Tinian island in the Marianas. Several aircraft turned back due to mechanical problems, and 123 aircraft arrived over the target at an altitude of 10,000 feet at just after midnight in the early morning of July 20, 1945. The bombers split into 25 groups of between two and five aircraft each to carpet bomb the densely packed residential center of the city with 10,961 incendiary bombs. The resultant firestorm destroyed most of", "title": "Bombing of Sendai during World War II" }, { "id": "10073082", "text": "Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both buildings collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C. The fourth plane crashed into a field near Shanksville in rural Somerset County, Pennsylvania, after some of its passengers and flight crew attempted to retake control of the plane, which the hijackers", "title": "Contemporary history" }, { "id": "7760718", "text": "impact of American Airlines Flight 77 and ensuing fires, causing one section of the building to collapse. As the airplane approached the Pentagon, its wings knocked down light poles and its right engine hit a power generator before crashing into the western side of the building. The plane hit the Pentagon at the first-floor level. The front part of the fuselage disintegrated on impact, while the mid and tail sections kept moving for another fraction of a second. Debris from the tail section penetrated furthest into the building, breaking through of the three outermost of the building's five rings. The", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "7760666", "text": "United States bound for California—were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists. Two of the planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, were crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan. Within an hour and 42 minutes, both 110-story towers collapsed. Debris and the resulting fires caused a partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the World Trade Center complex, including the 47-story 7 World Trade Center tower, as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures. A third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was crashed", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "3279539", "text": "twin campaigns—the USAAF by day, the RAF by night—built up into massive bombing of German industrial areas, notably the Ruhr, followed by attacks directly on cities such as Hamburg, Kassel, Pforzheim, Mainz and the often-criticized bombing of Dresden. The first airstrikes against Romania occurred after Romania joined the Third Reich in June 1941 during their invasion of the Soviet Union. In the following two months, Soviet Air Forces conducted several attacks against the King Carol I Bridge, destroying one of its spans and damaging an oil pipeline. However, after the successful Axis powers Crimean Campaign and overall deterioration of the", "title": "Strategic bombing during World War II" }, { "id": "15303005", "text": "dropped, resulting in material damage of £2,962,111 damage, 1,414 dead and 3,416 injured, these figures including those due to shrapnel from the anti-aircraft fire. In the autumn of 1917, however, over 300,000 Londoners had taken shelter from the bombing, and industrial production had fallen. The Royal Naval Air Service (RNS) undertook the first Entente strategic bombing missions on 22 September 1914 and 8 October, when it bombed the Zeppelin bases in Cologne and Düsseldorf. The airplanes carried twenty-pound bombs, and at least one airship was destroyed. On 21 November the RNAS flew across Lake Constance to bomb the Zeppelin factories", "title": "Strategic bombing during World War I" }, { "id": "4927255", "text": "global debt underwriting in 2004 (with steady gains since late ‘90s), #2 in completed global M&A in 2004. Purcell was at the helm of Morgan Stanley on September 11, 2001, when the terrorist hijacked planes hit the twin towers of the World Trade Center. More than 3,500 Morgan Stanley employees worked in the World Trade Center. Based on the firm’s experience in the earlier 1993 WTC bombing, contingency plans were in place long before 9/11. As a result, there was a rapid evacuation and organized follow-up on 9/11 that helped mitigate the terrible tragedy. Morgan Stanley employees at the WTC", "title": "Philip J. Purcell" }, { "id": "9904764", "text": "the timing of the first attack as about 2.05 - 2.15 p.m., but they failed to indicate, even approximately, the timing of the second attack. In their submissions on the admissibility of the applications, the Government indicated the timing of the attack as 2.05 – 2.20 p.m. and 3.30 – 3.35 p.m. (see § 28). Assuming that the initial missile was fired about 2 p.m. at what the pilots had perceived as a “solitary” vehicle on an otherwise empty road, further launches, which took place at least an hour and a half later, could not have failed to take into", "title": "Baku–Rostov highway bombing" }, { "id": "575197", "text": "lightning strikes and rock falls; and 23 were the victims of homicides. In 1956, the Grand Canyon was the site of the deadliest commercial aviation disaster in history at the time. On the morning of June 30, 1956, a TWA Lockheed Super Constellation and a United Airlines Douglas DC-7 departed Los Angeles International Airport within three minutes of one another on eastbound transcontinental flights. Approximately 90 minutes later, the two propeller-driven airliners collided above the canyon while both were flying in unmonitored airspace. The wreckage of both planes fell into the eastern portion of the canyon, on Temple and Chuar", "title": "Grand Canyon" }, { "id": "1464302", "text": "on Air Force One. The plane reaches cruising altitude and circles for approximately 40 minutes while the destination of the plane is discussed. 9:59:00: The South Tower of the World Trade Center collapses, 56 minutes after the impact of Flight 175. Its destruction is viewed and heard by a vast television and radio audience. As the roar of the collapse goes silent, tremendous gray-white clouds of pulverized concrete and gypsum rush through the streets. Most observers think a new explosion or impact has produced smoke and debris that now obscures the South Tower, but once the wind clears the smoke,", "title": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "545263", "text": "Marwan al-Shehhi Marwan Yousef Mohamed Rashid Lekrab al-Shehhi (, , also transliterated as Alshehhi; 9 May 1978 – 11 September 2001) was the hijacker-pilot of United Airlines Flight 175, crashing the plane into the South Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the September 11 attacks. Al-Shehhi was a student from the United Arab Emirates who moved to Germany in 1996 and soon became close friends with Mohamed Atta, Ziad Jarrah and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, forming the Hamburg cell. Together, after pledging their lives to martyrdom, they became the leaders of the September 11 attacks. In late 1999,", "title": "Marwan al-Shehhi" }, { "id": "256028", "text": "other disarmed bombs are on display in the United States; another is at the Imperial War Museum in London. Little Boy \"Little Boy\" was the code name for the type of atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II. It was the first nuclear weapon used in warfare. The bomb was dropped by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress \"Enola Gay\" piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It exploded with an energy of approximately and caused widespread death and", "title": "Little Boy" }, { "id": "797022", "text": "the Mediterranean Sea to clear the sea lanes for the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943. The air assault on the island began 30 May 1943. The 99th flew its first combat mission on 2 June. The surrender of the garrison of 11,121 Italians and 78 Germans due to air attack was the first of its kind. The 99th then moved on to Sicily and received a Distinguished Unit Citation for its performance in combat. By the end of February 1944, more graduates were ready for combat, and the all-black 332nd Fighter Group had been sent overseas with three", "title": "Tuskegee Airmen" }, { "id": "13319832", "text": "was expanded to an hour. CNN was the first major network to break the news of the September 11 attacks in 2001. Anchor Carol Lin was on the air to deliver the first public report of the event. She broke into a commercial at 8:49 a.m. Eastern Time and said: Daryn Kagan and Leon Harris were live on the air just after 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time as the second plane hit the South Tower of the World Trade Center and through an interview with CNN correspondent David Ensor, reported the news that U.S. officials determined \"that this is a terrorist", "title": "History of CNN (1980–2003)" }, { "id": "9737816", "text": "firebombing raids on the same grounds. On 26 July the United States, Britain and China issued the Potsdam Declaration, which demanded Japan's surrender after warning that the country would be devastated if the war continued. The Japanese government rejected the Allied demands on 28 July. Hiroshima was attacked on 6 August. At 8:15 am local time the B-29 \"Enola Gay\", piloted by Tibbets, dropped the \"Little Boy\" atomic bomb over the center of the city. The resulting explosion killed tens of thousands of people and destroyed about of buildings. The six American aircraft involved in this attack returned safely to", "title": "Air raids on Japan" }, { "id": "1042184", "text": "Warhawk, responsible for air defense of the Hawaiian Islands Territory. Wheeler Army Airfield was a primary target and site of the first attack on 7 December 1941, leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese attacked the airfield to prevent the numerous planes there from getting airborne and engaging them. Most of the planes were destroyed, but 12 pilots assigned to the 15th Pursuit Group at Wheeler (predecessor of the present day 15th Wing) succeeded in getting their P-36 Hawk and P-40 Warhawk aircraft off the ground, engaged the Japanese in furious dogfights, and scored some of the", "title": "Wheeler Army Airfield" }, { "id": "7357242", "text": "debris. The first man made nuclear explosion occurred on July 16, 1945 at 5:50 am on the Trinity Test Site near Alamogordo, New Mexico in the United States, an area now known as the White Sands Missile Range. The event involved the full-scale testing of an implosion-type fission atomic bomb. In a memorandum to the U.S. Secretary of War, General Leslie Groves describes the yield as equivalent to 15,000 to 20,000 tons of TNT. Following this test, a uranium-gun type nuclear bomb (Little Boy) was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, with a blast yield", "title": "Nuclear explosion" }, { "id": "1464245", "text": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks of 2001, in addition to being a unique act of terrorism, constituted a media event on a scale not seen since the advent of civilian global satellite links. Instant worldwide reaction and debate were made possible by round-the-clock television news organizations and by the internet. As a result, most of the events listed below were known by a large portion of the planet's population as they occurred. All times given are in Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), or . 7:59 a.m.: American Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 767", "title": "Timeline for the day of the September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "10034487", "text": "be recalled when over the Channel, by which time fog had covered their base. One aircraft landed safely, the crew of a second survived a crash in which the aircraft was damaged beyond repair and the remaining two crashed with the loss of all but one member of each crew. The last and largest aeroplane raid of the war took place on the night of 19 May 1918, when 38 Gothas and 3 Giants took off against London. Six Gothas were shot down by interceptors and anti-aircraft fire and a seventh aircraft was forced to land after a protracted close", "title": "German strategic bombing during World War I" }, { "id": "16134841", "text": "and San Francisco and later in Denver and Washington, D.C. These remain United's principal hubs. United introduced the Boeing 247 in 1933; for the first time passengers could fly across the US without an overnight stop or changing planes. That summer the fastest flight left Newark at noon (probably EST) and arrived San Francisco at 0655 PST after eight stops; fare was $160 one-way, equal to $2,868 in today's value. On the night of October 10, 1933 a United Boeing 247 exploded in mid-air and crashed near Chesterton, Indiana, killing the seven people aboard. Investigation revealed that the explosion was", "title": "History of United Airlines" }, { "id": "7760768", "text": "Twin Towers' steel infrastructures was blown off by the initial impact of the planes and that, had this not occurred, the towers likely would have remained standing. A 2007 study of the north tower's collapse published by researchers of Purdue University determined that, since the plane's impact had stripped off much of the structure's thermal insulation, the heat from a typical office fire would have softened and weakened the exposed girders and columns enough to initiate the collapse regardless of the number of columns cut or damaged by the impact. The director of the original investigation stated that \"the towers", "title": "September 11 attacks" }, { "id": "10432985", "text": "runway traffic delays. Six minutes later, American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the World Trade Center's North Tower. 15 minutes later, at 9:03 am, as United Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower, United 93 was climbing to cruising altitude, heading west over New Jersey and into Pennsylvania. At 9:25 am, Flight 93 was above eastern Ohio, and its pilot radioed Cleveland controllers to inquire about an alert that had been flashed on his cockpit computer screen to \"beware of cockpit intrusion.\" Three minutes later, Cleveland controllers could hear screams over the cockpit's open microphone. Moments later, the hijackers, led", "title": "Todd Beamer" }, { "id": "3279486", "text": "warfare on the part of Germany.\" After the Altmark Incident, the \"Luftwaffe\" launched a strike against the British navy yard at Scapa Flow on 16 March 1940, leading to the first British civilian death. A British attack followed three days later against the German airbase at Hörnum on the island of Sylt, hitting a hospital, although there were no casualties. The Germans retaliated with a naval raid. German bombing of France began on the night of 9/10 May. By 11 May, the French reported bombs dropped on Henin-Lietard, Bruay, Lens, La Fere, Loan, Nancy, Colmar, Pontoise, Lambersart, Lyons, Bouai, Hasebrouck,", "title": "Strategic bombing during World War II" } ]

[ "The Partridge Family pop group" ]

[ { "id": "7526167", "text": "I Think I Love You \"I Think I Love You\" is a song composed by songwriter Tony Romeo in 1970. It was released as the debut single by The Partridge Family pop group, featuring David Cassidy on lead vocals and Shirley Jones on background vocals. The Partridge Family version was a number-one hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in November 1970. The alternative rock band Voice of the Beehive scored a hit cover version of their own in 1991. There have also been many other cover versions of this song from artists such as Perry Como, Kaci and Katie Cassidy.", "title": "I Think I Love You" }, { "id": "7526171", "text": "25 on the UK Singles Chart in October 1991. The single also hit number 12 on the Australian singles chart in March 1992. I Think I Love You \"I Think I Love You\" is a song composed by songwriter Tony Romeo in 1970. It was released as the debut single by The Partridge Family pop group, featuring David Cassidy on lead vocals and Shirley Jones on background vocals. The Partridge Family version was a number-one hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in November 1970. The alternative rock band Voice of the Beehive scored a hit cover version of their own", "title": "I Think I Love You" }, { "id": "7526169", "text": "David Cassidy and Shirley Jones. The music on the song was played by veteran studio musicians such as Mike Melvoin, Hal Blaine, Larry Knechtel, Joe Osborne, Louie Shelton, Tommy Tedesco, and other L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew. Background vocals on this, and all other Partridge Family recordings, were provided by veteran session singers: Ron Hicklin, John Bahler, Tom Bahler, and Jackie Ward. The Partridge Family won a NARM award for the best-selling single of the year in 1970 for their hit \"I Think I Love You\". On November 25, 1970, \"I Think I Love You\" was recorded by", "title": "I Think I Love You" }, { "id": "17734665", "text": "Sit Down, I Think I Love You \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You\" is a 1966 song composed by American singer-songwriter Stephen Stills and originally recorded by American-Canadian rock band Buffalo Springfield. A cover version by The Mojo Men was released as a single in 1967 and reached the U.S. Top 40. Also that year, Australian band The Executives charted in their home country with their version of the song. Stephen Stills wrote \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You\" as a fairly direct love song. It was written prior to the formation of Buffalo Springfield, when Stills had", "title": "Sit Down, I Think I Love You" }, { "id": "17734668", "text": "of the great 'lost' masterpieces of the era.\" The song was included on the seminal 1972 \"\" garage rock compilation album. Australian pop group The Executives released their cover of \"Sit Down, I Love You\" as a single in 1967. It peaked at number 4 in Sydney, 13 in Brisbane, and 28 on the \"Go-Set\" national chart. Sit Down, I Think I Love You \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You\" is a 1966 song composed by American singer-songwriter Stephen Stills and originally recorded by American-Canadian rock band Buffalo Springfield. A cover version by The Mojo Men was released as", "title": "Sit Down, I Think I Love You" }, { "id": "7526168", "text": "The single was produced by Wes Farrell and issued on Bell Records a month before the debut of the network television musical sitcom \"The Partridge Family\". During the show's first season the song was featured on the show twice as it was climbing the actual \"Billboard\" charts. The single hit number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and in Canada on the \"RPM 100\" national Top Singles chart in November of that year and number 1 in Australia in 1971. The only cast members of the television show to actually sing on the recording of the song were", "title": "I Think I Love You" }, { "id": "7526170", "text": "Perry Como, with Nick Perito's orchestra, at the International Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. The song was released by RCA Victor Records on an album, \"It's Impossible,\" in December 1970, and reissued in 1975. RCA also released the recording on an EP in Mexico in 1971. In 1991, the alternative rock band Voice of the Beehive recorded a cover version of \"I Think I Love You\" for the group's second studio album \"Honey Lingers\". It was released as the second single from their album on London Records and was produced by Don Was. Their version of the song hit number", "title": "I Think I Love You" }, { "id": "17734667", "text": "Men released a cover version of \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You\" as a single in early 1967. Arranged by Van Dyke Parks, the song was the band's biggest hit in the United States, peaking at number 36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. In Canada, it reached number 26 on \"RPM\" magazine's singles chart. Greenwald said The Mojo Men's recording \"transformed the song into a near-Mamas & Papas graft, complete with counterpoint vocals and a warm feeling. An odd and wide variety of instruments (from mandolins, Dobro, to multiple keyboards) add great texture to the melody, creating one", "title": "Sit Down, I Think I Love You" }, { "id": "12453432", "text": "Tony Romeo Tony Romeo (December 25, 1938 – June 23, 1995) was an American songwriter. He is famous for writing the No.1 hit \"I Think I Love You\" by The Partridge Family as well as many other hit records, mostly during the 1960s and 1970s. Other hits written by Romeo include \"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\" by both Diana Trask and Brotherhood of Man; \"Walking in the Sand,\" sung by Al Martino, which reached #9 on the Adult Contemporary charts in 1970; \"Indian Lake\" for The Cowsills; and \"I'm Gonna Make You Mine\" by Lou Christie. He wrote songs", "title": "Tony Romeo" }, { "id": "12453435", "text": "successful song, \"I Think I Love You,\" was released in November 1970, by Bell Records, the first single released by The Partridge Family. The song hit number one on the U.S. Billboard Pop Singles chart for three weeks: November 15 - December 5, 1970 During the last fifteen years of his life, Romeo was a resident of Pleasant Valley. He died at home there at age 56 on June 23, 1995. His death was attributed to a heart attack. Romeo was survived by his mother Irene Romeo Perrelle of Watervliet, and his brother Frank Romeo of Watervliet. Tony Romeo Tony", "title": "Tony Romeo" }, { "id": "16647593", "text": "the band's earlier British Invasion-influenced garage rock style evolved into pop/folk rock. In 1967, the band released a Baroque cover version of Buffalo Springfield's \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You\". Written by Stephen Stills and arranged by Van Dyke Parks, the song became the Mojo Men's first and only top 40 single. Metchick left the band in 1968, and the remaining trio shortened their name to The Mojo, and then just Mojo, before they released their lone studio album, \"Mojo Magic\", on GRT Records. The group disbanded in 1969. \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You\" was included on", "title": "The Mojo Men" }, { "id": "1484054", "text": "Stephen Stills Stephen Arthur Stills (born January 3, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist best known for his work with Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. Beginning his professional career with Buffalo Springfield, he composed one of their few hits \"For What It's Worth,\" which became one of the most recognizable songs of the 1960s. Other notable songs he contributed to the band were \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You\", \"Bluebird\" and \"Rock & Roll Woman\". According to bandmate Richie Furay, he was \"the heart and soul of Buffalo Springfield.\" After Buffalo Springfield disbanded, Stills", "title": "Stephen Stills" }, { "id": "16399567", "text": "recorded from 1970 to 1973 and had a number one hit record on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart with \"I Think I Love You\". The Partridge Family won a NARM award for the best selling single of the year in 1970 for their hit \"I Think I Love You\". The group was also nominated for the Best New Artist Grammy award in 1971. *\"Walking in the Rain\" was released only in the UK The Partridge Family discography This article presents the discography of all albums and singles released by the American pop rock group The Partridge Family. It includes eight", "title": "The Partridge Family discography" }, { "id": "8868504", "text": "Congratulations (Cliff Richard song) \"Congratulations\" is a song written by Bill Martin and Phil Coulter, as the UK entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1968 on 6 April, sung by Cliff Richard. The song was arranged, conducted and produced by Norrie Paramor who was also musical director for the contest, which was held at London's Royal Albert Hall. Phil Coulter originally wrote the song as \"I Think I Love You\", but was unsure of the lyrics and got together with Bill Martin (the same team that wrote \"Puppet on a String\"), who changed it to \"Congratulations\". The song was immediately", "title": "Congratulations (Cliff Richard song)" }, { "id": "1461826", "text": "on that chart, an achievement only matched by Cher and Barbra Streisand (Cher had already topped the singles chart with \"I Got You Babe\" in 1965, but did not win her Oscar until 1987). The Partridge Family won a NARM award for the best-selling single of the year in 1970 for their hit \"I Think I Love You\". In 1971, The Partridge Family was nominated for a Grammy under the Best New Artist category. By 1974, it was one of six series to be canceled that year (along with \"Room 222\", \"The F.B.I.\", \"The Brady Bunch\", \"\", and \"Here's Lucy\")", "title": "Shirley Jones" }, { "id": "15106362", "text": "singles. The album's title track was released as the lead single, and Kaci's debut single in March 2001. It has become a major hit on musical chart in the UK, peaking at number 11 on the official UK Singles Chart. \"Tu Amor\" was released as the second single, and became Battaglia's second Top 40 hit in the UK. Other singles released include \"Intervention Divine\" and a cover of The Partridge Family's hit single \"I Think I Love You\", which became Kaci's first top 10 hit on the UK singles chart. At age 11, Battaglia independently released \"A Thousand Stars\", an", "title": "Paradise (Kaci Battaglia album)" }, { "id": "1461825", "text": "70 countries. Within months, Jones and her co-stars were pop culture television icons. Her real-life 20-year-old stepson David Cassidy, who was an unknown actor at the time, played Shirley Partridge's eldest son Keith and became a teen idol. The show also spawned a number of albums and singles by The Partridge Family, performed by David Cassidy and Shirley Jones. That same year, \"I Think I Love You\" reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 music chart, making Jones the second person, after Frank Sinatra, and the first woman to win an acting Oscar and also have a number-one hit", "title": "Shirley Jones" }, { "id": "3703519", "text": "Old Trick New Dog Old Trick New Dog is a 1998 album from David Cassidy on his own Slamajama Records label. In addition to new songs, it also features several remakes of songs from \"The Partridge Family\". The single lifted from the album - \"No Bridge I Wouldn't Cross\" - was an Adult Contemporary Top 25 hit in the USA. The track - \"You Were The One\" - was co-written by David Cassidy and Tony Romeo who wrote many of the most popular songs for Cassidy and The Partridge Family in the 1970s, including I Think I Love You, \"Summer", "title": "Old Trick New Dog" }, { "id": "12208592", "text": "the streets in an attempt to find him. Tony Romeo who wrote the song is best known for his 1970 hit \"I Think I Love You\" by The Partridge Family, which became a US No.1. Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In) \"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\" is a popular song written by Tony Romeo. It has been recorded by Diana Trask and Brotherhood of Man, among others. The song was originally recorded by Australian artist Diana Trask in 1975. Trask had achieved much success on the Country scene in the US throughout the 1960s and 1970s, but it was", "title": "Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)" }, { "id": "16647591", "text": "The Mojo Men The Mojo Men was an American rock band based in San Francisco. Formed in 1965, the group underwent several name and personnel changes until their 1969 breakup. Their highest-charting \"Billboard\" Hot 100 single was a cover of Buffalo Springfield's \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You\", which peaked at number 36 in 1967. Singer/bassist Jim Alaimo, guitarist Paul Curcio, drummer Dennis DeCarr, and keyboardist Don Metchick were bandmates in Florida who moved to San Francisco in 1964 to form a new band. There they met Sylvester Stewart, later known as Sly Stone, then a record producer at", "title": "The Mojo Men" }, { "id": "895478", "text": "\"stoned and drunk.\" Once \"I Think I Love You\"—the first single released by The Partridge Family pop group—became a hit, Cassidy began work on solo albums. Within the first year, he had produced his own single, a cover of The Association's \"Cherish\" (from the album of the same title); the song reached number nine in the United States, number two in the United Kingdom (a double A-side with \"Could It Be Forever\"), and number one in Australia and New Zealand. He began tours that featured Partridge tunes and his own hits. Cassidy achieved far greater solo chart success in the", "title": "David Cassidy" }, { "id": "5713073", "text": "I Think I'm in Love with You \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" is a song written and produced by Cory Rooney and Dan Shea for Jessica Simpson's debut album \"Sweet Kisses\" (1999). It contains a sample of singer-songwriter John Mellencamp's \"Jack & Diane\" (1982) and was released as the album's third and final single in summer 2000 (see 2000 in music). The song's protagonist declares \"Boy I think that I'm in love with you, got me doin' silly things when it comes to you\". The single reached at top ten in Australia, Canada and Japan and in the", "title": "I Think I'm in Love with You" }, { "id": "17734666", "text": "just settled in Los Angeles and had begun writing songs that he felt \"were personal statements and had something to say.\" The song was included on Buffalo Springfield's eponymous debut album, but because Stills had sold the song's publishing rights, he never received any writer's royalties. Allmusic's Matthew Greenwald said the song \"showcases Stills' already refined pop moxie and melodic instinct, crossed with a strong folk flavoring.\" Dave Swanson of Ultimate Classic Rock described it as \"pristine folk-rock with a great garage band feel\" and ranked it as the ninth best song by Buffalo Springfield. San Francisco-based group The Mojo", "title": "Sit Down, I Think I Love You" }, { "id": "8868508", "text": "The writers Martin and Coulter filed a claim in December 1970, against Harrison, for royalties and subsequent pressings of the album credit their contribution. Congratulations (Cliff Richard song) \"Congratulations\" is a song written by Bill Martin and Phil Coulter, as the UK entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1968 on 6 April, sung by Cliff Richard. The song was arranged, conducted and produced by Norrie Paramor who was also musical director for the contest, which was held at London's Royal Albert Hall. Phil Coulter originally wrote the song as \"I Think I Love You\", but was unsure of the lyrics", "title": "Congratulations (Cliff Richard song)" }, { "id": "1484062", "text": "\"Last Time Around\", and enjoy only one hit single, the Stills-penned \"For What It's Worth\" before disbanding. A Stills song from their debut album, \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You,\" was a minor hit for the Mojo Men in 1967. After the disintegration of Buffalo Springfield, Stills played on the \"Super Session\" album with Al Kooper and joined up with David Crosby, who had recently been ejected from the Byrds in the autumn of 1967. At a party in Laurel Canyon, Crosby was introduced to Graham Nash by a mutual friend, Cass Elliot (formerly of the Mamas and the", "title": "Stephen Stills" }, { "id": "7122049", "text": "album title song and hit single \"Unspoken\" of Christian platinum artist Jaci Velasquez, written by Gad, Madeline Stone and O.Hatch, managed to stay half a year in the Christian \"Billboard\" top 20 single charts and was re-released on the \"Billboard\" #2 album, \"WOW Greatest Hits 2004\". Meanwhile, Gad had several successes back overseas. \"Damn I Think I Love You\" stayed at #1 for seven weeks and became the most sold single of 2001 in the Netherlands. The #1 \"StarMaker\" album with two of Gad's songs went triple platinum. Sita's debut single \"Happy\" was at #1 for two weeks and remained", "title": "Toby Gad" }, { "id": "9659012", "text": "peaked at #72 on the Australian ARIA singles chart, and was their sole top-ten single on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks chart, peaking at number eight. The title of the album is a play on the words of the sexual act of cunnilingus. The album includes a cover version of The Partridge Family's \"I Think I Love You\", which became their biggest hit in Australia, peaking at #12. Honey Lingers Honey Lingers is the second album by alternative rock band Voice of the Beehive. Released in 1991 on London Records, the album earned positive reviews from music critics and was", "title": "Honey Lingers" }, { "id": "895370", "text": "band, though David Cassidy and Shirley Jones, who sang background, were the only cast members who were actually featured on the recordings. As the show and other associated merchandising soared, David Cassidy became a teen idol. The producers signed Cassidy as a solo act as well. Cassidy began touring with his own group of musicians, performing Partridge songs as well as hits from his own albums, to thousands of screaming teenagers in major stadiums across the USA, UK, Europe, Japan and Australia. The Partridge Family's biggest hit came in 1970 with the song \"I Think I Love You\", written by", "title": "The Partridge Family" }, { "id": "3398867", "text": "Jeff Healey Norman Jeffrey \"Jeff\" Healey (March 25, 1966 – March 2, 2008) was a Canadian jazz and blues-rock vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter who attained musical and personal popularity, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s. He hit Number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart with \"Angel Eyes\" and reached the Top 10 in Canada with the songs \"I Think I Love You Too Much\" and \"How Long Can a Man Be Strong\". Born in Toronto, Ontario, Healey was raised in the city's west end. He was adopted as an infant; his adoptive father was a firefighter. When he", "title": "Jeff Healey" }, { "id": "5586402", "text": "at the Door\", loosely based on the Manson Family's murders. On March 27, 2017, it was announced that Cassidy would be returning to \"Arrow\" as a series regular for the show's sixth season, but that she would be portraying Black Siren. Cassidy also stars in the 2017 PS4 game \"Hidden Agenda\". In 2002, Cassidy recorded a cover version of \"I Think I Love You\", which had been a hit for her father's made-for-television band, the Partridge Family. She was 15 at the time, five years younger than her dad when he recorded his version. It was the only song she", "title": "Katie Cassidy" }, { "id": "5745577", "text": "guitar), Daniel Woodgate (drums) and Mike Jones (guitar). The band had initial success in the UK, US and Australia, releasing five Top 40 singles from two albums in the UK. Their biggest commercial success was with the singles, \"Don't Call Me Baby\", \"Monsters and Angels\", \"I Think I Love You\", \"I Walk The Earth\" and \"I Say Nothing\" from their first two albums \"Let It Bee\" and \"Honey Lingers\". In 1996, the band released a third album \"Sex & Misery\" and then disbanded. The band reformed in 2003 and played a two-week UK tour. In 2008 they released tracks from", "title": "Dan Woodgate" }, { "id": "12484085", "text": "1979 song \"Living Together\" on the album \"Spirits Having Flown\". He also sang falsetto during the chorus of his solo song \"Remedy\" from the 1985 album \"Walls Have Eyes\". With Robin, Barry also sang the lead on the track's middle-eight. Recording began on March 30, 1976 in Criteria Studios, Miami and finished on April 25 in Le Studio, Quebec, Canada same day as \"I Think I'm Losing You\" (unreleased). Yvonne Elliman's version was released as a single and reached #14 in the United States, #6 in the United Kingdom, #9 in Ireland, #3 in New Zealand and South Africa, #15", "title": "Love Me (Bee Gees song)" }, { "id": "7701007", "text": "very audible harmony vocal on their biggest selling single, the Stephen Stills-composed \"Sit Down I Think I Love You\" from 1967. The Mojo Men eventually shortened their name to Mojo, and released an album and several singles on the GRT label before disbanding. The Vejtables The Vejtables were a mid-1960s American rock band from Millbrae, California. They recorded for the Autumn label and found limited success with such songs as \"I Still Love You\" and a cover version of Tom Paxton's \"The Last Thing on My Mind\". Lead singer Jan Errico also played drums for the group's recordings, making her", "title": "The Vejtables" }, { "id": "18586560", "text": "I Think About Your Lovin' \"I Think About Your Lovin'\" is a song written by Diana Trask and performed by The Osmond Brothers as the lead single of their 1982 self-titled album. It reached #17 on the \"Billboard\" country music chart in 1982. \"I Think About Your Lovin'\" marked the first and highest-charting country music single for the Osmonds, and the first song to be released since the departure of Donny Osmond from the group and its return to the original four-man lineup. The song was produced by Rick Hall, who returned to work with the band after he had", "title": "I Think About Your Lovin'" }, { "id": "3398878", "text": "Healey married Krista Miller in 1992; they had a daughter and were divorced in 1998. He married Cristie Hall in 2003 and had a son with her. Jeff Healey Norman Jeffrey \"Jeff\" Healey (March 25, 1966 – March 2, 2008) was a Canadian jazz and blues-rock vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter who attained musical and personal popularity, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s. He hit Number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart with \"Angel Eyes\" and reached the Top 10 in Canada with the songs \"I Think I Love You Too Much\" and \"How Long Can a Man Be", "title": "Jeff Healey" }, { "id": "4189214", "text": "Musicnotes.com, \"I Wanna Love You Forever\" is a common time signature song, with a beat rate of 132 beats per minute. It is set in the key of B minor with Simpson's voice ranging from the tonal nodes of B to F5#. The song follows a basic sequence of I–II–IV–II–VV progression. \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" was written and produced by Cory Rooney and Dan Shea in 1998. The track was recorded at Lobo Recording Studios, Deer Park, Long Island and Hit Factory, NY and mixed by Mick Guzauski. The background vocals were provided by Jennifer Karr and", "title": "Sweet Kisses" }, { "id": "18618434", "text": "The Bardy Bunch The Bardy Bunch: The War of the Families Partridge and Brady is a musical that premiered in 2011 at the New York International Fringe Festival. Written by Stephen Garvey and directed by Jay Stern, The Bardy Bunch presents a comedy mash-up of a dozen Shakespeare plays set in the 1970s amid a war between the popular sitcom families Partridge and Brady. The musical features 15 of the hit songs made famous on \"The Partridge Family\" and \"The Brady Bunch\" including \"I Think I Love You,\" \"It's a Sunshine Day,\" and \"I Woke Up In Love This Morning.\"", "title": "The Bardy Bunch" }, { "id": "17357855", "text": "I Love You (Otis Leavill song) \"I Love You\" is a song and single written by Carl Davis, Eugene Record and Barbara Acklin and performed by American soul singer, Otis Leavill. Record and Acklin also provided backing vocals. At the time of the recording, Leavill was vice-president of Dakar Records, the label upon which the song was released. It was first released in 1969 in America and reached 10 on the R&B chart and 63 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in January 1970. Allmusic.com described Leavill's rendition as \"imitating Record, the Chi-lites' lead singer\". It was released on Atlantic in", "title": "I Love You (Otis Leavill song)" }, { "id": "7446182", "text": "I Love You (Mary J. Blige song) \"I Love You\" is a 1995 single by American singer-songwriter Mary J. Blige, taken from her second album \"My Life\". Released only as a radio single, it rose to a peak of #60 on the pop charts. It was occasionally the B-side for the previous dance hit, \"You Bring Me Joy\". There were plans and negotiations of a possible music video for this single to be shot back-to-back with \"You Bring Me Joy\", but plans were scrapped as it performed well on its own. \"I Love You (Part 2)\" was recorded with rapper", "title": "I Love You (Mary J. Blige song)" }, { "id": "18586561", "text": "produced their early pop work in 1970 and 1971. I Think About Your Lovin' \"I Think About Your Lovin'\" is a song written by Diana Trask and performed by The Osmond Brothers as the lead single of their 1982 self-titled album. It reached #17 on the \"Billboard\" country music chart in 1982. \"I Think About Your Lovin'\" marked the first and highest-charting country music single for the Osmonds, and the first song to be released since the departure of Donny Osmond from the group and its return to the original four-man lineup. The song was produced by Rick Hall, who", "title": "I Think About Your Lovin'" }, { "id": "5713076", "text": "of John Mellencamp's 1982 hit Jack & Diane. The song is written in the key of A major, with a chord progression of A–E/A–A–E, and the song is set in common time with a tempo of 106 beats per minute. The vocal range spans from D4 to F♯5. US maxi-CD US 12\" single Europe CD single UK CD single 1 UK CD single 2 UK Cassette Australian CD single Japan CD single \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" was the first of Simpson's videos to have a solid plot line. The video was directed by Nigel Dick. The video", "title": "I Think I'm in Love with You" }, { "id": "5713081", "text": "sold over 316,000 paid digital downloads according to Nielsen SoundScan. In Canada, \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" reached the top twenty, peaking at number fourteen. It became her second top twenty in that country. The song also reached number two on the Canada \"RPM\" singles chart and was her highest peak at the time. The song stayed on the chart for twenty weeks. In Australia, the single debuted at number thirty on the ARIA Charts during the week of June 25, 2000. Five weeks later, it reached number ten and was her second top ten there. The single", "title": "I Think I'm in Love with You" }, { "id": "15106377", "text": "January 2, 2002. Unlike the previous promotional release, it did not receive a music video. Due to its release being so close to the album's second official single, \"I Think I Love You\", \"Intervention Divine\" failed to make an impact on any of the charts in the UK. \"I Think I Love You\" was released as the official second and final single from the album, and has become her biggest hit to date in the UK, peaking at number 10 on the official UK singles chart. A video was also released, and features Battaglia singing while holding a picture of", "title": "Paradise (Kaci Battaglia album)" }, { "id": "17357856", "text": "the UK in 1970 but failed to chart. I Love You (Otis Leavill song) \"I Love You\" is a song and single written by Carl Davis, Eugene Record and Barbara Acklin and performed by American soul singer, Otis Leavill. Record and Acklin also provided backing vocals. At the time of the recording, Leavill was vice-president of Dakar Records, the label upon which the song was released. It was first released in 1969 in America and reached 10 on the R&B chart and 63 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in January 1970. Allmusic.com described Leavill's rendition as \"imitating Record, the Chi-lites'", "title": "I Love You (Otis Leavill song)" }, { "id": "5713074", "text": "top 20 in Canada, the UK, Scotland and New Zealand. In the United States, it reached #21. Los Angeles radio station KBIG-104 produced a mixed version of \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" with a few samples of \"Jack and Diane\" lyrics and the same ending as the original version. Simpson recorded a Spanish version of the song titled \"Tal vez Es Amor\". A radio / single mix of the song was also released with a slightly longer outro. It is 22 seconds longer than the original album version. The song was also included in the second volume of", "title": "I Think I'm in Love with You" }, { "id": "5125505", "text": "with developing artists who were originally on the roster of Autumn Records, a defunct label Reprise had acquired, Waronker produced the Mojo Men's \"Sit Down, I Think I Love You,\" hiring Newman on piano and Van Dyke Parks as an arranger. He also produced Harpers Bizarre's \"The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy),\" which he hired Leon Russell to arrange. Both songs were hits. At the time, Warner/Reprise was characterized by a roster which included Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, Petula Clark, Peter, Paul & Mary, and Sonny and Cher. The perception of the label shifted as Ostin and Smith signed", "title": "Lenny Waronker" }, { "id": "17828635", "text": "released, produced by Official Vee. On 28 August 2014, his third single \"Yallah Azizi (I Think I Love You)\" was released, produced by Official Vee. The song is a distinct fusion of R&B, Eastern and Arabic harmonies, including Urdu and Arabic lyrics. The single immediately took the number one position on the iTunes world music chart and secured the number two spot on the BBC Asian Network Official Chart. In August of the same year, Salique performed at the London Mela in Gunnersbury Park, London. On 23 April 2016, Salique and his song \"I Think I Love You (Yallah Azizi)\"", "title": "Salique (singer)" }, { "id": "5713080", "text": "number sixty-three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, on the issue dated July 1, 2000. Due largely on the strength of its radio airplay, the song peaked at number twenty-one in its seventh week and stayed on the chart for sixteen weeks. The single reached number five on \"Billboard\" Pop Songs and stayed on chart for twenty-two weeks. \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" was her first top five on the chart. Also achieved success on the Adult Contemporary and Rhythmic Top 40 charts. As the date, \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" sold 20,000 physical copies and has", "title": "I Think I'm in Love with You" }, { "id": "8893533", "text": "Lovin' You \"Lovin' You\" is a 1975 song originally performed by American singer Minnie Riperton from her second studio album \"Perfect Angel\" (1974). It was written by Riperton and Richard Rudolph, produced by Rudolph and Stevie Wonder, and released on January 13, 1975. It became a number one hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on April 5, 1975. Additionally, it reached number two on the UK Singles chart, and number three on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. In the US, \"Billboard\" ranked it as the number 13 song for 1975. The song is especially known for Riperton's use of the", "title": "Lovin' You" }, { "id": "2138614", "text": "Woman)\", a number one country hit in 1972. Gibson recorded a series of successful duets with Dottie West in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the most successful of which were the Number two country hit \"Rings of Gold\" (1969) and the top 10 hit \"There's a Story Goin' Round\" (1970). West and Gibson released an album together in 1969, titled \"Dottie and Don\". He also recorded several duets with Sue Thompson among these being the Top 40 hits, \"I Think They Call It Love\" (1972), \"Good Old Fashioned Country Love\" (1974) and \"Oh, How Love Changes\" (1975). Gibson was", "title": "Don Gibson" }, { "id": "3802735", "text": "radio fame came from \"Sometimes I Rhyme Slow\" from the group's second album, \"Ain't a Damn Thing Changed\", released in 1991. The song was a moderately somber rhyme with introspective lines about poverty, AIDS, and drugs that was set to the guitar loop from Tracy Chapman's hit \"Fast Car\". In the summer of 1992, the music video received heavy rotation on MTV. \"Hip-Hop Junkies\", which featured a sample from The Partridge Family's \"I Think I Love You\" was also a hit, and it was once performed live on Keenen Ivory Wayans' comedy/variety TV show, \"In Living Color\". The duo is", "title": "Nice & Smooth" }, { "id": "6507860", "text": "People! People! was a one-hit wonder rock band that was formed in San Jose, California in 1965. Their greatest chart success came with their summer hit single \"I Love You\". The song, written by The Zombies bass guitarist Chris White, rose to number one in Japan (twice), Israel, Australia, Italy, South Africa, and the Philippines, and peaked at No. 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in June 1968. At various times, band members have included Robb Levin, Geoff Levin, Albert Ribisi, John Riolo, David Anderson, Larry Norman, Gene Mason, Denny Fridkin, Tom Tucker, Bruce Thomas Eason (as Scott Eason), John", "title": "People!" }, { "id": "17225654", "text": "I Love You (Vanilla Ice song) \"I Love You\" is a hip hop song written by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released as a single, it peaked at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1990. It was also a hit in the UK (45), Germany (65), and New Zealand, where it peaked at number 30. A departure from his usual style, \"I Love You\" is a ballad, and was released on Valentine's Day in 1991. A promotional video for the song, directed by Michael Bay, was produced by Mike Bodnarczuk. The song was described by Allmusic writer Steve Huey", "title": "I Love You (Vanilla Ice song)" }, { "id": "7746470", "text": "Think (Aretha Franklin song) \"Think\" is a song written and performed by American singer Aretha Franklin. It was released as a single in 1968, from her \"Aretha Now\" album. The song reached No. 7 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Franklin's seventh top 10 hit in the United States. The song also reached number 1 on the magazine's Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles, becoming her sixth single to top the chart. The song was written by Aretha and then husband Ted White. Franklin re-recorded the song in the Atlantic Records New York studio for the soundtrack of the 1980 film \"The", "title": "Think (Aretha Franklin song)" }, { "id": "5442102", "text": "The band had five Top 40 singles from two albums in the UK. Their biggest commercial success came with the singles \"I Say Nothing\", \"Don't Call Me Baby\", \"Monsters and Angels\" and \"I Think I Love You\", taken from albums \"Let It Bee\" and \"Honey Lingers\". \"Sex & Misery\", a third album, was released in 1996; by this point sisters Tracey and Melissa were the sole group members. The band reformed in 2003 to play a two-week UK tour. The members of Voice of the Beehive have gone their separate ways. Tracey Bryn is a teacher in Laguna Beach, California.", "title": "Voice of the Beehive" }, { "id": "13332718", "text": "cover of Don McLean's classic No. 2 hit from 1975, \"American Pie\" from the movie \"The Next Best Thing\" and the second being the title track from her new, chart-topping album, \"Music\", giving her ten UK chart toppers in total and LeAnn Rimes, who hit the top of the UK charts with \"Can't Fight the Moonlight\", featured in the movie \"Coyote Ugly\". Jessica Simpson also made No. 7 with \"I Wanna Love You Forever\" and No. 15 with \"I Think I'm in Love with You\". Mandy Moore made No. 6 with \"Candy\", which is still her biggest UK hit to", "title": "2000 in British music charts" }, { "id": "4153008", "text": "Love Me Do \"Love Me Do\" is the debut single by the English rock band the Beatles, backed by \"P.S. I Love You\". When the single was originally released in the United Kingdom on 5 October 1962, it peaked at No. 17; in 1982 it was re-promoted (not re-issued, retaining the same catalogue number) and reached No. 4. In the United States the single was a No. 1 hit in 1964. In 2013, recordings of the song that were released in 1962 entered the public domain in Europe. The song was written several years before it was recorded, and prior", "title": "Love Me Do" }, { "id": "8032689", "text": "We Love You \"We Love You\" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones that was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. It was first released as a single on 18 August 1967, with \"Dandelion\" as the B-side. The song peaked at number 8 in Britain and number 50 in America, where \"Dandelion\" was promoted as the A-side and peaked at number 14. The recording features a Mellotron part played by Brian Jones and backing vocals by John Lennon and Paul McCartney of the Beatles. The single's two tracks were the final Stones recordings receiving a", "title": "We Love You" }, { "id": "5580743", "text": "P.S. I Love You (Beatles song) \"P.S. I Love You\" is a song composed principally by Paul McCartney (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and recorded by English rock band The Beatles, with McCartney on lead vocals. It was released on 5 October 1962 as the B-side of their debut single \"Love Me Do\" and is also included on their debut album \"Please Please Me\" (1963). It was later included on the American release \"Introducing The Beatles\" (1964), its reissue \"The Early Beatles\" (1965), and the Beatles compilation album \"Love Songs\" (1977). The version featured on the single and album was recorded in", "title": "P.S. I Love You (Beatles song)" }, { "id": "9358566", "text": "scoring a more moderate impact on the charts, peaking at number 24. Her third single was a cover of The Partridge Family's, \"I Think I Love You\". It became her only top 10 hit in the UK in February of the year 2002. In 2003, she teamed up with a Japanese photographer and released a photo book entitled, \"Kaci: I'm a Singer\". This photo book was filled with pictures of Battaglia while in her hometown in Florida. The book was released in 2007 exclusively in Japan, along with a re-release of her album, \"Paradise\". Kaci did a song \"I Will", "title": "Kaci Battaglia" }, { "id": "5730411", "text": "Would I Love You (Love You, Love You) \"Would I Love You (Love You, Love You)\" is a popular song with music by Harold Spina and lyrics by Bob Russell. It was published in 1950. It was popularized by Patti Page in a recording made on January 2, 1951. The recording was issued by Mercury Records as catalog number 5571, and first reached the Billboard chart on February 10, 1951, lasting 19 weeks and peaking at #4. Another recording was made by Doris Day with Harry James. It was issued by Columbia Records as catalog number 39159 with the flip", "title": "Would I Love You (Love You, Love You)" }, { "id": "16221324", "text": "\"Rock and Roll (Part I & II)\", \"Freeze Frame\", \"I'm Walking\", \"The Chicken Dance\", \"The Twist\", \"Y.M.C.A.\" and \"Some Girls\". The score was composed by Gross and also was not fully commercially released but received an indication for the AACTA Award for Best Original Music Score in 2013. The promotion of the film and the soundtrack included the participation of Newton-John in several Australian television shows such as \"The Project\" and \"The Circle\". A medley named \"A Few from \"A Few Best Men\"\" (Mirror Ball remix) with the songs \"Mickey\", \"Weightless\" and \"I Think I Love You\" was made for", "title": "A Few Best Men (soundtrack)" }, { "id": "5713085", "text": "2000, Simpson performed the song on The Salvation Army's National Kettle Kick-off half-time show. On June 11, 2001, she sang the song on Canadian music channel MuchMusic. In 2000, Simpson recorded her first song is Spanish, with producer Manuel Benito. The song was recorded for the album \"Divas En Español\". \"Tal Vez es Amor\" was written and produced by Manuel Benito among the former producers of the song, Cory Rooney, Dan Shea and John Mellencamp. I Think I'm in Love with You \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" is a song written and produced by Cory Rooney and Dan", "title": "I Think I'm in Love with You" }, { "id": "14859529", "text": "I Love You (Faith Evans song) \"I Love You\" is a song by American recording artist Faith Evans. It was written by Anthony Best, Isaac Hayes, Michael Jamison, Bobby Springsteen, and Jennifer Lopez for the latter's second studio \"J.Lo\" (2001), but eventually recorded by Evans for her third studio album, \"Faithfully\", also released in 2001. Production on the track was helmed by Buckwild along with Mario Winans and Sean \"P. Diddy\" Combs. A contemporary R&B ballad with heavy soul elements, it samples Hayes' 1976 record \"Make a Little Love to Me\" and finds Evans, as the protagonist, confessing her love", "title": "I Love You (Faith Evans song)" }, { "id": "21012511", "text": "compilation includes their first commercial recording, “Newport News Blues” about African Americans conscripted to fight in World War I at the US naval port at Newport News, Virginia. It features swing era songs like “Lindberg Hop” and standards like “You May Leave, But This Will Bring You Back” and dance tracks like “Insane Crazy Blues”. It includes blues numbers like “Sometimes I Think I Love You” and “Aunt Caroline Dyer Blues” about a Newport News hoodoo fortune teller. The album incorporates songs about the wild ghetto culture of Memphis in the 1920s like “Cocaine Habit Blues”, “Fourth Street Mess Around”", "title": "American Epic: The Best of the Memphis Jug Band" }, { "id": "13819592", "text": "the Adelaide-based correspondent for \"Go-Set\". Keays and Ford co-wrote four of the band's Top 20 hits with \"5:10 Man\" (No. 16 on the \"Go-Set\" National Top 40 Charts, 1969), \"Think About Tomorrow Today\" (No. 12, 1969), \"Turn Up Your Radio\" (No. 7, 1970) and \"Because I Love You\" (No. 12, 1971). Keays and Ford also co-wrote \"Quicksand\" which was issued as a single by Adelaide-based blues group, The Expression, in June 1970. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, declared that the track \"ranks as one of the most astonishing hard guitar/psychedelic singles of the period\". Keays and Ford co-wrote \"St John's Wood\"", "title": "Jim Keays" }, { "id": "5713075", "text": "the soundtrack of The WB's television drama \"Dawson's Creek\". Well-known music critic Nathan Hadlock gave the song rave reviews, saying \"this is by far the best song I have ever heard. As a matter of fact, if I were going on a cross country road trip with friends, I would insist this song be played over and over, regardless of the strengths of their objections or threats to my life.\" \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" is a dance pop song, with a length of three minutes and thirty-five seconds. The song samples the signature opening guitar-based melody line", "title": "I Think I'm in Love with You" }, { "id": "8893539", "text": "re-recorded the song again for her 2006 album \"Every Woman Dreams\". Lovin' You \"Lovin' You\" is a 1975 song originally performed by American singer Minnie Riperton from her second studio album \"Perfect Angel\" (1974). It was written by Riperton and Richard Rudolph, produced by Rudolph and Stevie Wonder, and released on January 13, 1975. It became a number one hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on April 5, 1975. Additionally, it reached number two on the UK Singles chart, and number three on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. In the US, \"Billboard\" ranked it as the number 13 song for", "title": "Lovin' You" }, { "id": "2943707", "text": "seller during this era and introduced the Faith sound to a younger generation of listeners. With the success of Columbia record-mate Ray Conniff's chorus and orchestra during this same time, Faith began using a chorus (usually all female in most of his recordings, but used a mixed chorus on his albums \"Leaving on a Jet Plane\" and \"I Think I Love You\", which were released in 1970 and 1971 respectively) in several popular albums from the mid-1960s on. Faith's first single with a female chorus, \"Yellow Days,\" was a substantial hit in the MOR (Middle of the Road) easy listening", "title": "Percy Faith" }, { "id": "9549581", "text": "a pioneer and not fall into a category like everyone else, so I decided to take a gamble on myself. And if I win, I win big.\" \"I Love U\" is a song which runs for a duration of three minutes and 28 seconds. It is set in the simple time signature of 4/4, with a tempo of 105 beats per minute. The song starts with a spoken introduction where Tequila says \"I think I love you, but if you ever hurt me I'll fucking kill you,\" and then transitions into a crunk beat which is built around a repetitive", "title": "I Love U (Tila Tequila song)" }, { "id": "5020216", "text": "I Will Always Love You \"I Will Always Love You\" is a song originally written and recorded in 1973 by American singer-songwriter Dolly Parton. Her country version of the track was released in 1974 as a single and was written as a farewell to her one-time partner and mentor of seven years, Porter Wagoner, following Parton's decision to pursue a solo career. Parton's version of \"I Will Always Love You\" was a commercial success. It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart twice. It first reached number one in June 1974, and then in October 1982, with", "title": "I Will Always Love You" }, { "id": "17836951", "text": "I Love You (Climax Blues Band song) \"I Love You\" is a song recorded by the Climax Blues Band in 1980. It was their second-biggest hit (after 1976's \"Couldn't Get It Right\"), entering the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in February 1981, peaking at #12 in June, and spending 27 weeks on the chart. It ended up being the 20th biggest hit of 1981. On the \"Cash Box\" Top 100, \"I Love You\" peaked for two weeks at number 9. The song also reached #20 on the Adult Contemporary chart. The song was featured on their 1980 album, \"Flying the Flag\".", "title": "I Love You (Climax Blues Band song)" }, { "id": "10826517", "text": "slightly altered lyrics from the original version and added background vocals that can be heard around the 2:50 mark of the song. Her version was also featured in the very first episode of \"The Sopranos\" and in the ninth episode of \"Hindsight\". Lennox's version was a commercial success, topping the singles charts of Canada, Italy, and Spain, reaching number two on the UK Singles Chart, and becoming a top 20 hit in 10 other countries. In the United States, the song reached number 23 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and peaked atop the Dance Club Songs chart. In 1996, the", "title": "No More 'I Love You's" }, { "id": "10257573", "text": "I Love Music (The O'Jays song) \"I Love Music\" is a song written by Gamble and Huff and recorded by The O'Jays. It appeared on the group's 1975 album \"Family Reunion\". The single version went to number one on the soul singles chart and reached number five on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In the UK, the song peaked at number 13 in the Top 40 singles charts, in March 1976. The single was most successful on the US Disco File Top 20 chart, where it spent eight weeks at number one. In 1993 the Zambian-born singer Rozalla covered \"I Love", "title": "I Love Music (The O'Jays song)" }, { "id": "5713083", "text": "the single debuted at number sixty-one on the issue dated June 25, 2000. In the next week peaked at number forty-one and stayed on the chart for twelve weeks. The single peaked at number three on the Ultratip chart of Belgium's Wallonia region, and number thirty-six on the Belgium Flanders Ultratop 50 chart. It also reached number thirty in Italy. \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" peaked at number thirty-one on the European Hot 100 Singles chart, as compiled by \"Billboard\". \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" was included on the set list of the Heat It Up", "title": "I Think I'm in Love with You" }, { "id": "3044914", "text": "their hit \"(They Long to Be) Close to You\" onto the charts, \"We've Only Just Begun\" hit No. 1 on the Cash Box singles chart and No. 2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 behind The Jackson 5's \"I'll Be There\" and The Partridge Family's \"I Think I Love You\", becoming the pair's second million-selling gold single. It was considered by both Karen and Richard to be their signature song. According to \"The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits\" (6th edition), on the U.S. Adult Contemporary singles chart, it was the duo's best-performing tune, lasting seven weeks at No. 1", "title": "We've Only Just Begun" }, { "id": "5730412", "text": "side \"Lullaby of Broadway.\" It reached #19 on the Billboard chart, lasting 10 weeks beginning on March 2, 1951. A version by Tony Martin also charted. This recording was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-4056. It first reached the Billboard magazine charts on February 23, 1951 and lasted 4 weeks on the chart, peaking at #25. Would I Love You (Love You, Love You) \"Would I Love You (Love You, Love You)\" is a popular song with music by Harold Spina and lyrics by Bob Russell. It was published in 1950. It was popularized by Patti Page", "title": "Would I Love You (Love You, Love You)" }, { "id": "2271845", "text": "to a studio to jam around a bit with Jett and everything clicked\". The first single from the album was a cover of the title track, \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\", originally written and recorded by Arrows, which in the first half of 1982 was number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for seven weeks in a row. It is \"Billboard\"s No. 56 song of all time and has also been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2016. Jett released \"Album\" (1983) and \"Glorious Results of a Misspent Youth\" (1984). A string of Top 40 hits followed, as", "title": "Joan Jett" }, { "id": "1004214", "text": "successful female artists at that time, she became in demand for several television appearances in Canada and the United States, eventually becoming a regular on the hit U.S. television series \"The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour\". After the success of \"Snowbird\", she had a number of subsequent singles that charted both pop and country simultaneously. During the 1970s and 1980s, her hits included Kenny Loggins's \"Danny's Song\" (1972) (peaked at No. 7 on the Hot 100) and \"A Love Song\" (1973); \"He Thinks I Still Care\" and her Top 10 cover of The Beatles' \"You Won't See Me\" (1974); her all-time", "title": "Anne Murray" }, { "id": "13748341", "text": "Stephanie Winslow Stephanie Winslow (born August 27, 1956 in Yankton, South Dakota) is an American country artist. In the late 70s and 80s, she had a series of hit singles on the \"Billboard\" country music chart. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Winslow recorded for Warner Bros. Records. Briefly married to her record producer, Ray Ruff, in 1979 she had her biggest hit single with \"Say You Love Me,\" a cover of a Fleetwood Mac single from 1976 which reached #10 on the \"Billboard\" country chart in late 1979. In 1980 her cover version of Roy Orbison's \"Crying,\" became", "title": "Stephanie Winslow" }, { "id": "9276263", "text": "with country music singer Don Gibson on some albums, and they had minor hits with \"I Think They Call It Love\", \"Good Old Fashioned Country Love\", and \"Oh, How Love Changes\". She recorded further solo singles for the country charts, like \"Big Mable Murphy\", which made the Top 50 in 1975 and \"Never Naughty Rosie\", her last chart single in 1976. She also performed mainly at the Las Vegas casinos and at clubs in Hollywood, like the \"Palomino Club\". In the 1990s, she settled in Las Vegas, and continues to periodically perform. Sue also appeared on American Bandstand, Where the", "title": "Sue Thompson" }, { "id": "14188553", "text": "Think About Love (song) \"Think About Love\" is a song recorded by Dolly Parton, first released on her 1985 \"Real Love\" album. The song, written by Richard \"Spady\" Brannan and Tom Campbell, was an uptempo pop tune, employing (as did most of the other songs on \"Real Love\") synthesizers and other distinctive pop flourishes. It was released as the album's third single in November 1985 and, despite its polished pop production, reached #1 on the U.S. country singles charts in March 1986; the single spent a total of fourteen weeks on the chart. The song was Parton's sixteenth number one", "title": "Think About Love (song)" }, { "id": "7446183", "text": "duo Smif-n-Wessun. The song samples the piano loop of Isaac Hayes's \"Ike's Mood\" from 1970's album \"...To Be Continued\", and samples \"Hollywood's World\" by DJ Hollywood. \"I Love You (Part 3)\" was later recorded by Keyshia Cole. On Cole's version, rapper Lil' Wayne is featured. I Love You (Mary J. Blige song) \"I Love You\" is a 1995 single by American singer-songwriter Mary J. Blige, taken from her second album \"My Life\". Released only as a radio single, it rose to a peak of #60 on the pop charts. It was occasionally the B-side for the previous dance hit, \"You", "title": "I Love You (Mary J. Blige song)" }, { "id": "4764813", "text": "on Motown in the U.S., a record it held until the release of Lionel Richie's duet with Diana Ross, \"Endless Love\" (1981). Outside the U.S., \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" remained Motown's biggest-selling record with worldwide sales of over seven million copies. The song held the number one position on the \"Billboard\" Pop Singles Chart for five weeks from October 17 to November 14, replacing \"Cracklin' Rosie\" by Neil Diamond; it was succeeded by \"I Think I Love You\" by The Partridge Family. \"I'll Be There\" was also a number one hit on the \"Billboard\" Black Singles Chart for", "title": "I'll Be There (The Jackson 5 song)" }, { "id": "4189206", "text": "the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for shipments of over two million. The album sold four million in total. \"Sweet Kisses\" spawned three singles, especially Simpson's debut single \"I Wanna Love You Forever\", which is her biggest hit in the US. The second single was a duet: \"Where You Are\" with future husband Nick Lachey of 98 Degrees. The third single was the \"Jack and Diane\"-sampling dance track \"I Think I'm in Love With You\". \"Woman in Me,\" featuring Destiny's Child, was not released as a single, but received a generally positive reception. Simpson first developed and nurtured her", "title": "Sweet Kisses" }, { "id": "12796860", "text": "Ringo, I Love You \"Ringo, I Love You\" is a rock song performed by American singer-actress Cher released under the pseudonym Bonnie Jo Mason, the name she used at the start of her career when based in Los Angeles. The song was released in 1964 during the height of Beatlemania. It was a tribute to The Beatles. The original vinyl is now a valuable rarity. In 1999 the song was covered by German electronic duo Stereo Total and released on their studio album \"My Melody\". \"Ringo, I Love You\" is the first solo song recorded by Cher. The single was", "title": "Ringo, I Love You" }, { "id": "7606080", "text": "Space Jam (soundtrack) Space Jam: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture is the original soundtrack album of the 1996 film starring Michael Jordan and the Looney Tunes cast. An album featuring the film's score by James Newton Howard was also released. The soundtrack was released by Warner Sunset and Atlantic Records on November 12, 1996. The worldwide smash hit \"I Believe I Can Fly\" by R. Kelly was first released on the soundtrack. The soundtrack peaked at #2 on the \"Billboard\" 200. It was certified double platinum in January 1997. In 2001, the soundtrack was certified 6x Platinum.", "title": "Space Jam (soundtrack)" }, { "id": "15106367", "text": "way about each other, they actually do not. \"Tu Amor\" is the fourth track on the album. It features more of a Hispanic feel. \"Everlasting\" is the fifth song on \"Paradise\", and is an uptempo dance/ballad that speaks of an everlasting love for someone. \"I Think I Love You\" is the sixth track. It is the album's second and final single. To date, \"I Think I Love You\" is Kaci's only top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. \"Just an Old Boyfriend\" is the seventh song on the album. It is a midtempo pop song about Kaci's break-up with someone,", "title": "Paradise (Kaci Battaglia album)" }, { "id": "14483057", "text": "and 30 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary, Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts, respectively. The track, \"Think It Over\", written by Russell with her then-husband Brian, was previously recorded by \"Charlie's Angels\" star Cheryl Ladd. In 1998, American rapper Big Pun sampled \"A Little Bit of Love\" on his hit single \"Still Not a Player\". In 2003, Mexican singer Thalía sampled the song in \"I Want You\", and in 2013 Ariana Grande and Mac Miller sampled the same song for their Top 10 hit single, \"The Way\". In 2001, singer Mary J. Blige sampled \"God Bless You\" in her", "title": "Brenda Russell (album)" }, { "id": "15106364", "text": "and told him that he wanted to sign Kaci to Curb Records. Her debut single \"Paradise\" was released in 2001 and hit #11 in the United Kingdom. The single was followed by \"I Think I Love You\". In 2003, she teamed up with a Japanese photographer and released a photo book entitled, \"Kaci: I'm a Singer\". This photo book is filled with pictures of Kaci in her hometown of Clearwater, Florida. The book was released in 2007 exclusively in Japan, along with a re-release of \"Paradise\". The majority of the music found on \"Paradise\" is pop, however certain songs, such", "title": "Paradise (Kaci Battaglia album)" }, { "id": "9035621", "text": "I Love You (Donna Summer song) \"I Love You\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Donna Summer from her sixth studio album \"Once Upon a Time\" (1977). It became a number 10 hit on the UK Singles Chart and reached number 37 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1977. Originally featured on the highly acclaimed album \"Once Upon a Time\", it was edited in length for its release as a single. The album is a double LP concept album telling a modern-day Cinderella rags-to-riches story, with \"I Love You\" featured toward the end of the album when", "title": "I Love You (Donna Summer song)" }, { "id": "5713082", "text": "stayed on the chart for fifteen weeks. It was later certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of 35,000 units within the country. In New Zealand, the song debuted at number thirty-three on the issue of August 6, 2000. In its third week on the chart, the single peaked at number twenty. In United Kingdom, \"I Think I'm in Love with You\" debuted at number fifteen on the UK Singles Chart in the week of July 15, 2000, and stayed on the chart for seven weeks. It became her second top twenty single there. In Switzerland,", "title": "I Think I'm in Love with You" }, { "id": "12021832", "text": "EAP-21103). After extensive promotion by the band and its manager, and industry advertising by Capitol, \"I Love You\" quickly became a hit single, selling more than one million copies, and reaching a peak of No.14 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 14 June 1968 and reaching No.13 on the Cash Box Top 100 Singles Chart on 29 June 1968, and became a #1 single in several markets, including Italy, Israel, and Japan. According to the liner notes of the 2006 \"Best of People! Volume 1\" album, People!'s version of \"I Love You\" could have topped the US national charts if", "title": "I Love You (The Zombies song)" }, { "id": "8421736", "text": "below), and was also in the Top 5 at the same time as Jose Feliciano's version of \"Light My Fire\". This put two of the Doors' tunes simultaneously in the Top 5. Hello, I Love You \"Hello, I Love You\" is a song written by Jim Morrison of the American rock band the Doors from their 1968 album \"Waiting for the Sun\". It was released as a single that same year, reaching number one in the United States and selling over a million copies in the U.S. alone. In Canada, it hit number one as well. The single also became", "title": "Hello, I Love You" }, { "id": "18490618", "text": "album presented a new side of the group with a brighter \"girls next door\" image compared to their debut concepts which the members themselves called \"dark\". The group cited they looked up to Girls' Generation for inspiration with this album. On January 9, 2017, the group released their 1st single album \"I Think I Love U.\" The lead single is a brighter dance track produced by hitmaker Shin Hyuk who has previously worked with SHINee and EXO. On July 27, TS Entertainment revealed a teaser image for Sonamoo's \"Happy Box Project\" revealing that the group will be releasing three singles", "title": "Sonamoo" }, { "id": "10304389", "text": "Think I'm in Love (Eddie Money song) \"Think I'm in Love\" is a 1982 hit single by American rock singer Eddie Money from his album \"No Control\". The song was written by Money and Randy Oda (who is perhaps best known otherwise for his collaborations with former Creedence Clearwater Revival member Tom Fogerty). The song was released as a single and reached the Top 20 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and hit #1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Tracks chart. The song was Money's first Top 40 hit in several years, and sparked a brief comeback for the artist. The song", "title": "Think I'm in Love (Eddie Money song)" }, { "id": "3661136", "text": "The scene particularly centred in Birmingham. Influential bands in the scene were Pop Will Eat Itself (who had songs titled, \"Oh Grebo I Think I Love You\" and \"Grebo Guru\"), The Wonder Stuff, Ned's Atomic Dustbin, along with London band Carter USM and Leicester bands Crazyhead, The Bomb Party, The Hunters Club, Scum Pups and Gaye Bykers on Acid. The term has also been used to describe Jesus Jones, who enjoyed success in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The movement, although short-lived, was a success at the time, and influenced a number of later bands. To a", "title": "Grebo (music)" }, { "id": "20823477", "text": "(June 1967), \"Sit Down I Think I Love You\" (August), \"It's a Happening World\" (March 1968), \"Windy Day\" (June) and \"Summerhill Road\" (December). The group toured the United States in 1968 and again in the following year (under the name Inner Sense), McFarlane observed, \"by that stage, however, [their] breezy pop had become outmoded in the face of rock's new progressive phase and the band quietly folded.\" Most of the members returned to Australia. While in the United States, Inner Sense had worked with the talent management company DeBlasio, Wald & Day, in Los Angeles, which led to Burton collaborating", "title": "Ray Burton (musician)" }, { "id": "17002358", "text": "they invite Lassiter to return. Lassiter tries his hand at composing but can’t find inspiration. Philip continues to practice his new part by himself. Simon, having just lost his idol JB, sings the duet they learned in happier times, “I Think I Love You”. As he sings, his voice drifts through the vents to Lassiter in the library and Philip in the music room. Hypnotically they join in and all three trio on the song. Still unable to sing high enough and with only a week left before Regionals, Philip visits the legendary voice whisperer, Toby McClintoch. She explains that", "title": "Perfect Harmony (musical)" }, { "id": "17836952", "text": "The song was covered by American band Lazlo Bane for their 2007 album \"Guilty Pleasures\". It was also covered by the band Tesla for their 2011 acoustic album \"Twisted Wires & the Acoustic Sessions\". The song is featured at the end scene of the 2002 Robin Tunney indie-comedy film CHERISH. I Love You (Climax Blues Band song) \"I Love You\" is a song recorded by the Climax Blues Band in 1980. It was their second-biggest hit (after 1976's \"Couldn't Get It Right\"), entering the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in February 1981, peaking at #12 in June, and spending 27 weeks", "title": "I Love You (Climax Blues Band song)" } ]

[ "George Peppard" ]

[ { "id": "8961512", "text": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith Colonel John \"Hannibal\" Smith, played by George Peppard, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series \"The A-Team\". The producers originally had James Coburn in mind to play the part of Hannibal, but it eventually went to Peppard. The character—which was based loosely on former United States Army Special Forces officer Bo Gritz—appeared on \"The A-Team\" from its beginning in 1983 until its end in 1987. The character was played by Liam Neeson in the 2010 film adaptation. His often spoken line \"I love it when a plan comes", "title": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith" }, { "id": "8961524", "text": "the 2010 movie adaptation. John \"Hannibal\" Smith Colonel John \"Hannibal\" Smith, played by George Peppard, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series \"The A-Team\". The producers originally had James Coburn in mind to play the part of Hannibal, but it eventually went to Peppard. The character—which was based loosely on former United States Army Special Forces officer Bo Gritz—appeared on \"The A-Team\" from its beginning in 1983 until its end in 1987. The character was played by Liam Neeson in the 2010 film adaptation. His often spoken line \"I love it", "title": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith" }, { "id": "159310", "text": "George Peppard George Peppard Jr. (; October 1, 1928 – May 8, 1994) was an American film and television actor. Peppard secured a major role when he starred alongside Audrey Hepburn in \"Breakfast at Tiffany's\" (1961), and later portrayed a character based on Howard Hughes in \"The Carpetbaggers\" (1964). On television, he played the title role of millionaire insurance investigator and sleuth Thomas Banacek in the early-1970s mystery series \"Banacek\". He played Col. John \"Hannibal\" Smith, the cigar-smoking leader of a renegade commando squad, in the hit 1980s action show \"The A-Team\". George Peppard, Jr. was born October 1, 1928,", "title": "George Peppard" }, { "id": "159326", "text": "that Forsythe did \"a better job than I could have done.\" In 1982, Peppard auditioned for and won the role of Colonel John \"Hannibal\" Smith in the TV action adventure series \"The A-Team\", acting alongside Mr. T, Dirk Benedict and Dwight Schultz. In the series, the A-Team was a team of renegade commandos on the run from the military for \"a crime they did not commit\" while serving in the Vietnam war. The A-Team members made their collective living as soldiers of fortune, but they helped only people who came to them with justified grievances. As Colonel John \"Hannibal\" Smith,", "title": "George Peppard" }, { "id": "11751532", "text": "production budget for the film was $110 million, but the cost came in at $100 million after tax credits. In June 2009, \"Variety\" revealed that Liam Neeson was in negotiations with 20th Century Fox to star as Hannibal Smith, and Bradley Cooper announced to MTV News that he would be playing the role of Templeton Peck after he first denied the rumors saying that he was not involved and insisted that he had not seen any script. On August 26, 2009, MMAjunkie.com reported that mixed martial arts fighter Quinton Jackson would play the role of B.A. Baracus in the upcoming", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "8961513", "text": "together\" was included in TV Land's \"The 100 Greatest TV Quotes and Catch Phrases\" in 2006. The A-Team is a group of ex-United States Army Special Forces soldiers who, near the end of the Vietnam War, were arrested for a crime they did not commit and managed to escape from the Military Police. As fugitives, the A-Team works as soldiers of fortune, using their military training to fight oppression or injustice. Hannibal, along with B. A. Baracus, Templeton \"Faceman\" Peck, and H. M. \"Howlin' Mad\" Murdock make up the A-Team. In the pilot episode (\"Mexican Slayride: Part 1\"), Hannibal is", "title": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith" }, { "id": "405422", "text": "executed. They escape this fate and come to work for a General Hunt Stockwell, leading into the remainder of the fifth season. The show ran for five seasons on the NBC television network, from January 23, 1983 to December 30, 1986 (with one additional, previously unbroadcast episode shown on March 8, 1987), for a total of 98 episodes. \"The A-Team\" revolves around the four members of a former commando outfit, now mercenaries. Their leader is Lieutenant Colonel/Colonel John \"Hannibal\" Smith (George Peppard), whose plans tend to be unorthodox but effective. Lieutenant Templeton Peck (Dirk Benedict; Tim Dunigan appeared as Templeton", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "11751521", "text": "Tony Scott. The film was theatrically released on June 11, 2010 by 20th Century Fox. The film had been in development since the mid-1990s having gone through a number of writers and story ideas and being put on hold a number of times. Upon its release, the film received mixed reviews from critics and was an average performer at the box office making $177 million on a $110 million budget. John \"Hannibal\" Smith is held captive in Mexico by two Federal Police officers working for renegade General Javier Tuco. Hannibal escapes and sets out to rescue Templeton \"Face\" Peck, who", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "405436", "text": "for this plan, Carrere was under contract to \"General Hospital\", which prevented her from joining \"The A-Team.\" Her character was abruptly dropped as a result. According to Mr. T's account in \"Bring Back... The A-Team\" in 2006, the role of B. A. Baracus was written specifically for him. This is corroborated by Stephen J. Cannell's own account of the initial concept proposed by Tartikoff. James Coburn, who co-starred in \"The Magnificent Seven\", was considered for the role of Hannibal in \"The A-Team\", while George Peppard (Hannibal) was the original consideration for the role of Vin (played by Steve McQueen instead)", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "8962012", "text": "film, while Schultz appeared in a small cameo as his neurologist. The A-Team is a group of ex-United States Army Special Forces who were wrongly convicted of a crime during the Vietnam War. They fled to Los Angeles, where, as fugitives, they work as soldiers of fortune, using their military training to fight oppression or injustice. Murdock, along with Hannibal Smith, B. A. Baracus, and Templeton \"Faceman\" Peck make up the team. Although Murdock was not convicted of any crime, unlike the other three, he is still a full-fledged member of the team. Considered the best chopper pilot of the", "title": "Howling Mad Murdock" }, { "id": "11751520", "text": "The A-Team (film) The A-Team is a 2010 American action comedy film based on the 1980s television series of the same name created by Frank Lupo and Stephen J. Cannell. Co-written (with Brian Bloom and Skip Woods) and directed by Joe Carnahan, the film stars Liam Neeson, Bradley Cooper, Quinton Jackson, Sharlto Copley, Jessica Biel, Patrick Wilson and Brian Bloom. The film tells the story of \"The A-Team\", a Special Forces team imprisoned for a crime they did not commit, who escape and set out to clear their names. The film was produced by Stephen J. Cannell, Ridley Scott and", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "14188024", "text": "Chuck Dixon and Erik Burnham are credited as co-writers for each installment, Dixon stated that they split the work, with Dixon writing the installments for John \"Hannibal\" Smith and Templeton Peck, and Burnham writing the installments for B. A. Baracus and Howling Mad Murdock. The series contains art from Hugo Petrus and Casey Maloney, among others. Although the story has been updated to the Gulf War like in the film adaption, and the characters take the appearance of the film's cast, Dixon stated that the miniseries is based on the original TV series. \"Both [B.A.'s and Murdock's installments] are very", "title": "The A-Team (comics)" }, { "id": "11751535", "text": "This news was followed on the November 23, 2009, that Dirk Benedict would also make a cameo. Schultz and Benedict played Howling Mad Murdock and Templeton Peck respectively in the original series. Mr. T, the original BA Baracus, did not appear in the film. In an interview with Wendy Williams, he said he did not like doing a cameo appearance in a film based on the original series he once did. In February 2010, it was announced a series of comics for the movie would be released beginning in March. Written by Carnahan and Chuck Dixon, the series, \"\" is", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "11751548", "text": "will NOT be a sequel. It didn't make enough $$$ and that's that.\" The A-Team (film) The A-Team is a 2010 American action comedy film based on the 1980s television series of the same name created by Frank Lupo and Stephen J. Cannell. Co-written (with Brian Bloom and Skip Woods) and directed by Joe Carnahan, the film stars Liam Neeson, Bradley Cooper, Quinton Jackson, Sharlto Copley, Jessica Biel, Patrick Wilson and Brian Bloom. The film tells the story of \"The A-Team\", a Special Forces team imprisoned for a crime they did not commit, who escape and set out to clear", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "405429", "text": "by Carla (Judith Ledford, sometimes credited as Judy Ledford). \"John \"Hannibal\" Smith\" is a master of disguise. His most used disguise (onscreen only on the pilot episode) is Mr. Lee, the dry cleaner. This is one of the final parts of the client screening process, as he tells the client where to go in order to make full contact with the A-Team. He dresses most often in a white safari jacket and black leather gloves. He also is constantly seen smoking a cigar. Hannibal carries either a Browning Hi-Power, Colt M1911A1 or a Smith & Wesson Model 39 as a", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "3567438", "text": "However, amid infidelity scandals, Gritz's stake president refused to renew Gritz's temple recommend until Gritz could prove that he had paid federal income tax. In response, Gritz resigned his membership in the LDS Church. In 1999, Gritz and his then fourth wife Judy became involved in the Church of Israel, a group that originated within the Latter Day Saint movement and has become involved with the Christian Identity movement, from which he has now distanced himself. The character of John \"Hannibal\" Smith on the 1980s television series \"The A-Team\" was loosely based on Gritz. In the early 1980s, actor William", "title": "Bo Gritz" }, { "id": "110250", "text": "Dirk Benedict Dirk Benedict (born Dirk Niewoehner on March 1, 1945) is an American movie, television and stage actor and author. He is best known for playing the characters Lieutenant Templeton \"Faceman\" Peck in \"The A-Team\" television series and Lieutenant Starbuck in the original \"Battlestar Galactica\" film and television series. He is the author of \"Confessions of a Kamikaze Cowboy\" and \"And Then We Went Fishing\". Benedict was born Dirk Niewoehner in Helena, Montana, the son of Priscilla Mella (née Metzger), an accountant, and George Edward Niewoehner, a lawyer. He grew up in White Sulphur Springs, Montana. He graduated from", "title": "Dirk Benedict" }, { "id": "6517120", "text": "Brian Bloom Brian Keith Bloom (born June 30, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor and screenwriter. He is perhaps best known as the voice of Captain America in \"\" and \"\", Varric in the \"Dragon Age\" series, B.J. Blazkowicz in the \"Wolfenstein\" series, Nick Reyes in \"\" and Pike in \"The A-Team\", the latter two of which he also co-wrote. Bloom was born in Merrick, New York, the brother of producer-actor Scott Bloom and musician Mike Bloom. He had an early interest in acting, including appearing in commercials as a child, but made his big break in the Sergio", "title": "Brian Bloom" }, { "id": "6517125", "text": "the game's acclaimed narrative, for which he was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Video Game Writing by The Writers Guild of America. Brian Bloom Brian Keith Bloom (born June 30, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor and screenwriter. He is perhaps best known as the voice of Captain America in \"\" and \"\", Varric in the \"Dragon Age\" series, B.J. Blazkowicz in the \"Wolfenstein\" series, Nick Reyes in \"\" and Pike in \"The A-Team\", the latter two of which he also co-wrote. Bloom was born in Merrick, New York, the brother of producer-actor Scott Bloom and musician Mike Bloom.", "title": "Brian Bloom" }, { "id": "429951", "text": "including ones played by George Peppard (as a character known only as \"Space Cowboy\") and Robert Vaughn (playing essentially the same character as in \"The Magnificent Seven\") defend farmers from space raiders on the planet Akira (named after \"Seven Samurai\" director Akira Kurosawa). The 1980s action-adventure series \"The A-Team\" was initially devised as a combination of \"The Dirty Dozen\" and \"The Magnificent Seven\". The show's pilot film plays much on the plot of \"The Magnificent Seven\", and there are similar plot echoes in various other episodes. James Coburn was originally approached to play John \"Hannibal\" Smith, the team's leader, a", "title": "The Magnificent Seven" }, { "id": "8961522", "text": "never shown in the show). Except at an airport when the A-Team is flying from Norway to Los Angeles (in which Hannibal's disguise is Neeson's real-life appearance), the character does not don any disguises in the film, instead leaving that arm of business to Face. The cigar smoking was also kept intact; despite Neeson being an ex-smoker, he kept his personal preferences aside for the role. Hannibal shows considerable leadership abilities, attempting to take the A-Team's full blame for their alleged crime, and breaking them out of prison when they reject it; however, he steps back and lets Face plan", "title": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith" }, { "id": "8961514", "text": "described by a reporter colleague of Amy Allen as follows: \"\"The leader [of the A-Team] is a Colonel named John Smith. But everybody calls him Hannibal. The guy has a very unorthodox style.\"\" Smith takes his name from the famous military commander and strategist, as alluded to by B. A. Baracus in the same episode; various items of tie-in literature for the series commented that just as the original Hannibal had led the elephants over the Alps, this Hannibal had led his men over the wall of Fort Bragg after they were wrongly arrested. He is distinguished by his unflappable", "title": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith" }, { "id": "405463", "text": "\"Firing Line\". The show featured professional wrestlers such as Hulk Hogan, Professor Toru Tanaka, Ricky \"The Dragon\" Steamboat, The Dynamite Kid, Bobby \"The Brain\" Heenan, Davey Boy Smith (The British Bulldog), Big John Studd and Greg \"The Hammer\" Valentine, in most cases playing themselves. In the episode \"Body Slam\", which featured Hogan, wrestling interviewer and announcer \"Mean\" Gene Okerlund also appeared. In addition, the music video for John Cena's \"Bad, Bad Man\" (on Cena's \"You Can't See Me\" album) featured the Chain Gang as a three-man A-Team—Cena as Hannibal, plus Cena's cousin Tha Trademarc as Howling Mad and Bumpy Knuckles", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "11751536", "text": "a prequel to the film, featuring one-shots focusing each on Hannibal, Face, BA, and Murdock. A second series, \"\", is a tie-in to the film by showing an all-new adventure set after the quartet escaped. Film director Joe Carnahan and Tom Waltz collaborated to pen the series. Jazwares released a line of action figures featuring the four main characters, plus the GMC Vandura. An application for the iPhone was released as part of the marketing blitz for the film. The A-Team application is a side-scrolling, third person, action shooter game. Produced by RealNetworks the game includes voice-overs from B.A. Baracus.", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "11751542", "text": "\"Dirty Dozen\" gimmick and compares the film to the \"awful\" \"Smokin' Aces\" by the same director. Dirk Benedict, who played Templeton Peck in the TV series, spoke of regretting his cameo, stating \"You'll miss me if you blink. I kind of regret doing it because it's a non-part. They wanted to be able to say, 'Oh yeah, the original cast are in it,' but we're not. It is three seconds. It's kind of insulting.\" Mr. T, the original B. A. Baracus, was offered a cameo, but turned it down. In a 2010 interview with \"Script\" magazine director Joe Carnahan claimed", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "738644", "text": "Pictures Classics on 26 March 2010. \"Chloe\" had enjoyed commercial success and became the Canadian director's biggest money maker ever. Later the same year, he played John \"Hannibal\" Smith in the spin-off movie from the television series \"The A-Team\". In 2010, Neeson voiced the character Aslan again in the sequel \"\". In 2011, Neeson starred in \"Unknown\", a German-British-American co-production of a French book, it was filmed in Berlin in early 2010. It has been compared to \"Taken\", which was set in Paris. Neeson reunited with director Steven Spielberg with plans to star as Abraham Lincoln in the 2012 film", "title": "Liam Neeson" }, { "id": "405426", "text": "compatriots who were killed in action was never revealed. In the episode A Nice Place to Visit Ray Brenner is stated to have been a Major and part of Hannibal's team in Vietnam. For its first season and the first half of the second season, the team was assisted by reporter Amy Amanda Allen (Melinda Culea). In the second half of the second season, Allen was replaced by fellow reporter Tawnia Baker (Marla Heasley). The character of Tia (Tia Carrere), a Vietnam war orphan now living in the United States, was meant to join the Team in the fifth season,", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "405434", "text": "episode. Whenever one of his pets or imaginary friends is killed by an enemy, Murdock snaps and takes revenge (but never kills). Many times, when Baracus is mad at Murdock for being crazy, Hannibal will side with Murdock in a sympathetic way. Once he is discharged from the hospital in Season 5, Murdock has a different job each episode. Murdock usually wears a leather flight jacket, a baseball cap, and basketball sneakers. Although the part of Face was written by Frank Lupo and Stephen J. Cannell with Dirk Benedict in mind, NBC insisted that the part should be played by", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "110258", "text": "another son, John Talbert (born 1968), from an earlier relationship, who had been given up for adoption. With the help of his adoptive parents, Talbert discovered and contacted his birth parents. Dirk Benedict Dirk Benedict (born Dirk Niewoehner on March 1, 1945) is an American movie, television and stage actor and author. He is best known for playing the characters Lieutenant Templeton \"Faceman\" Peck in \"The A-Team\" television series and Lieutenant Starbuck in the original \"Battlestar Galactica\" film and television series. He is the author of \"Confessions of a Kamikaze Cowboy\" and \"And Then We Went Fishing\". Benedict was born", "title": "Dirk Benedict" }, { "id": "2435052", "text": "Pete Duel Peter Ellstrom Deuel (February 24, 1940 – December 31, 1971), known professionally as Pete Duel, was an American stage, television, and film actor, best known for his starring role as outlaw Hannibal Heyes (alias Joshua Smith) in the television series \"Alias Smith and Jones\". He was the older brother of actor Geoffrey Deuel, who is best known for his role in Chisum (1970) and numerous episodic television appearances of the 1960s and 70s. Duel was born in Rochester, New York, the eldest of three children born to Dr. Ellsworth and Lillian Deuel (née Ellstrom). He had a younger", "title": "Pete Duel" }, { "id": "738653", "text": "2009, Richardson died when she suffered a severe head injury in a skiing accident at the Mont Tremblant Resort, northwest of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Neeson donated her organs following her death. A heavy smoker earlier in his career, Neeson quit smoking in 2003, while working on \"Love Actually\". When he took the role of Hannibal for the 2010 film adaptation of \"The A-Team\", Neeson had reservations about smoking cigars (which is a signature trait of the character) in the film due to being an ex-smoker, but agreed to keep that personality trait of Hannibal intact for the film. In August", "title": "Liam Neeson" }, { "id": "11751538", "text": "A-Team van. The film was released on December 14, 2010 on DVD and Blu-ray. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 27 in Australia and on November 29, 2010 in the UK. An extended cut was also released, pushing the running time to 133 minutes. Two of the most noteworthy additions in the extended cut were the two cameo scenes of the original Face and Murdock, which were pushed back after the end credits in the original cut due to pacing. \"The A-Team\" received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "11751545", "text": "film, as is G.F. Starbuck, referencing Lieutenant Starbuck, Benedict's character from the original \"Battlestar Galactica\". The film fell slightly short of expectations for its opening weekend, earning $26 million, as opposed to the initially predicted $30–35 million. The film opened behind \"The Karate Kid\", which took in $56 million. The film opened in the UK/Ireland on July 28, 2010, and came at No. 3 in at the box office with a first weekend haul of $5.6 million. , \"The A-Team\" had taken over $77 million at the U.S. box office, and $99 million internationally, for a worldwide total of over", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "405469", "text": "2010, and was produced by 20th Century Fox. Both Dirk Benedict (Face) and Dwight Schultz (Murdock) made brief cameo appearances in the film (as a prisoner using a sunbed and a psychiatrist overseeing Murdock's shock therapy, respectively); because of timing issues, these scenes were moved to the end of the credits. They were later reinserted for the extended-cut of the film. In September 2015, Fox announced that they were developing a reboot \"A-Team\" series with Chris Morgan as executive producer with Cannell's daughter, Tawnia McKiernan, and Albert Kim writing. The team is to be made up of both male and", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "12986057", "text": "Jim McMullan as Officer Don Burdick and Dirk Benedict as officer Gil Foley. Benedict would later earn fame as Lt. Starbuck in the original 1978 TV show \"Battlestar Galactica\" and as Lt. Templeton 'Faceman' Peck in the TV show \"The A-Team\". Ted Hartley played their boss Capt. McKeegan and Lou Frizzell played Mitch, the crusty mechanic. On July 12, 2016, Sony Pictures released \"Chopper One: The Complete Series\" on DVD in region 1. This is a Manufacture-on-Demand (MOD) release, available exclusively in the US and is part of the \"Sony Pictures Choice Collection\" in partnership with Amazon.com and their CreateSpace", "title": "Chopper One" }, { "id": "405414", "text": "season. In what was supposed to be the final episode, \"The Grey Team\" (although \"Without Reservations\" was broadcast on NBC as the last first-run episode in March 1987), Hannibal, after being misled by Stockwell one time too many, tells him that the team will no longer work for him. At the end, the team discusses what they were going to do if they get their pardon, and it is implied that they would continue doing what they were doing as the A-Team. The character of Howling Mad Murdock can be seen in the final scene wearing a T-shirt that says,", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "6313913", "text": "Lance LeGault William Lance LeGault (May 2, 1935 – September 10, 2012), sometimes credited as W. L. LeGault, was an American film and television actor, best known as the .44 Magnum wielding U.S. Army Colonel Roderick Decker in the 1980s American television series \"The A-Team\". LeGault was born May 2, 1935 in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Mary Jean (née Kovachevich; died December 21, 1980) and Ernest Legault (1906–1941). LeGault's father, Ernest, was French-Canadian from Moose Creek, Ontario, Canada. LeGault's mother, Mary, was born in Illinois, the daughter of immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The family was poor. He lived", "title": "Lance LeGault" }, { "id": "11751539", "text": "48% based on 208 reviews with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"For better and for worse, Joe Carnahan's big-screen version of \"The A-Team\" captures the superficial, noisy spirit of the TV series.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 47 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B+\" on an A+ to F scale. Owen Gleiberman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" says of the film: \"It's trash so compacted it glows\". Richard Corliss of \"Time\" magazine calls the film \"the", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "1426034", "text": "was \"Manhunter\" (based on \"Red Dragon\") which features Brian Cox as Lecter, spelled \"Lecktor\". In 1991, Anthony Hopkins won an Academy Award for his portrayal of the character in \"The Silence of the Lambs\". He would reprise the role in \"Hannibal\" in 2001 and in a second adaptation of \"Red Dragon\" made in 2002 under the original title. The NBC television series \"Hannibal\" debuted in 2013, and focuses on the development of the relationship between Lecter and Will Graham, an FBI profiler. In the series, Lecter is portrayed by Danish actor Mads Mikkelsen, who won a Saturn Award for his", "title": "Hannibal Lecter" }, { "id": "11751523", "text": "Lynch, who assigns them a black operation to recover U.S. Treasury plates and over $1 billion in cash slated to move out of Baghdad in an armored convoy. Hannibal's commanding officer, General Morrison, consents to the operation but Face's former girlfriend, Defense Criminal Investigative Service Capt. Charissa Sosa, tries to discourage the team against getting the plates. The mission is successful and when the team returns to base, the money and Morrison's vehicle are destroyed by Brock Pike and his men from the private security firm Black Forest. Without Morrison (the only proof that they were authorized to act), Hannibal,", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "3047994", "text": "Brian Cox (actor) Brian Denis Cox (born 1 June 1946) is a Scottish actor who works with the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he gained recognition for his portrayal of King Lear. Cox is also known for appearing in \"Super Troopers\", \"The Bourne Identity\", \"The Bourne Supremacy\", \"X2\", \"Braveheart\", \"Rushmore\", \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\", and \"Troy.\" He was the first actor to portray Hannibal Lecter on film in 1986's \"Manhunter\". An Emmy Award winner, Cox has also been nominated for Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Screen Actors Guild Awards. In 2006, \"Empire\" readers voted him the recipient of the", "title": "Brian Cox (actor)" }, { "id": "2293326", "text": "Cooper appeared in the ensemble romantic comedy \"Valentine's Day\" (2010), directed by Garry Marshall, co-starring with Julia Roberts. The film was a commercial success, grossing over $215 million worldwide. He then starred in the comedy \"Brother's Justice\" and as the fictional character Templeton \"Faceman\" Peck in the feature film version of \"The A-Team\" alongside Liam Neeson, Quinton Jackson, and Sharlto Copley. To prepare for the role, he abstained from consuming sugar, salt and flour, and underwent grueling workouts. The film released to negative reviews and poor box office returns. Tim Robey of \"The Daily Telegraph\" wrote, \"Cooper confirms his credentials", "title": "Bradley Cooper" }, { "id": "11751526", "text": "the Los Angeles Port, saying he will hand over Morrison and the plates. Face then calls Sosa on a drop phone he planted on her at the train station, and conspires a different plan with her. It all unfolds according to plan until Pike, who is now working with Lynch, blows up the container ship and chases Face to near death. BA (having converted to Buddhism while in prison) finally gives up his pacifist ways and kills Pike, saving Face. Hannibal leads Lynch into a container with Murdock, who, wearing a covered bullet-proof helmet, is portraying Morrison. Lynch shoots at", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "11751522", "text": "is held captive at Tuco's ranch. Hannibal saves Face after enlisting fellow Ranger, B.A. Baracus, driving to the rescue in BA's modified GMC Vandura. Pursued by Tuco, they stop at a nearby Army Hospital to recruit the services of eccentric pilot Howling Mad Murdock. They flee in a medical helicopter, chased by Tuco, in a dogfight that leaves BA with a fear of flying. The battle ends when they lure Tuco's helicopter into American airspace, where it is shot down by an F-22 Raptor for trespassing. Eight years later in Iraq, Hannibal is contacted by CIA Special Activities Division operative", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "3048019", "text": "Hannibal (film) Hannibal is a 2001 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from Thomas Harris's 1999 novel of the same name. It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award–winning film \"The Silence of the Lambs\" in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the serial killer, Hannibal Lecter. Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, as FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling. The film had a difficult and occasionally troubling pre-production history. When the novel was published in 1999, \"The Silence of the Lambs\" director Jonathan Demme, screenwriter Ted Tally, and", "title": "Hannibal (film)" }, { "id": "1756332", "text": "Robert Vaughn Robert Francis Vaughn (November 22, 1932 – November 11, 2016) was an American actor noted for his stage, film and television work. His best-known television roles include suave spy Napoleon Solo in the 1960s series \"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\"; wealthy detective Harry Rule in the 1970s series \"The Protectors\"; Morgan Wendell in the 1978–79 mini series \"Centennial\"; formidable General Hunt Stockwell in the fifth season of the 1980s series \"The A-Team\"; and grifter and card sharp Albert Stroller in the British television drama series \"Hustle\" (2004–2012), for all but one of its 48 episodes. He also appeared in", "title": "Robert Vaughn" }, { "id": "405406", "text": "The A-Team The A-Team is an American action-adventure television series that ran on NBC from 1983 to 1987 about former members of a fictitious United States Army Special Forces unit. The members, after being court-martialed \"for a crime they didn't commit\", escaped from military prison and, while still on the run, worked as soldiers of fortune. The series was created by Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo. A feature film based on the series was released by 20th Century Fox in 2010. \"The A-Team\" was created by writers and producers Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo at the behest of", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "6517122", "text": "\"Dance 'til Dawn\" (1988) and \"Desperate for Love\" (1989). This opened his appeal to later roles, which would include spots in \"Melrose Place\", \"2000 Malibu Road\", \"\", \"\", \"Drive\" and HBO's \"Oz\". He played the role of fanatical cult leader Jonas Sparrow in the Joss Whedon show \"Dollhouse\". Bloom also starred in a series of 1994 television movies playing Bandit, a part loosely based on the Burt Reynolds role. Bloom continues his working relationship with Carnahan, playing private mercenary antagonist \"Pike\" in the 2010 movie \"The A-Team\", which Bloom also co-wrote with Carnahan, who directed the 20th Century Fox feature", "title": "Brian Bloom" }, { "id": "8083494", "text": "Benji Gregory Benji Gregory (born Benjamin Gregory Hertzberg; May 26, 1978) is a former American actor. He is best known for playing the role of Brian Tanner on the sitcom \"ALF\". Gregory was born in Los Angeles, California. His father, uncles and sister were all actors; his grandmother was his agent. In addition to his stint on \"ALF\", he appeared in several television shows which include \"Fantastic Max\" (1988-1990), \"Pound Puppies\" (1986-1987), \"Murphy Brown\" (1988), \"Fantasy Island\" (1978), \"The A-Team\" (1984), \"T.J. Hooker\" (1984), \"Amazing Stories\" (1985), \"The Twilight Zone\" (1985), and \"Mr. Boogedy\" (1986). He also made an appearance", "title": "Benji Gregory" }, { "id": "104082", "text": "and Rusty Humphries on \"The Rusty Humphries Show\". Schultz married actress Wendy Fulton in 1983. They have one daughter, Ava (born 1987), who serves in the Marines. Schultz is a conservative and in 2012 began regular appearances on \"The Glazov Gang\", an Internet political talk show hosted by Jamie Glazov, managing editor of FrontPage Magazine. He also posts political commentaries and podcasts on his official fansite. Dwight Schultz William Dwight Schultz (born November 24, 1947) is an American actor and voice artist. He is known for his roles as Captain \"Howling Mad\" Murdock on the 1980s action series \"The A-Team\",", "title": "Dwight Schultz" }, { "id": "405415", "text": "\"Fini\". During the Vietnam War, the A-Team were members of the 5th Special Forces Group (see the episode \"West Coast Turnaround\"). In the episode \"Bad Time on the Border\", Colonel John \"Hannibal\" Smith, portrayed by George Peppard, indicated that the A-Team were \"ex-Green Berets\". During the Vietnam War, the A-Team's commanding officer, Colonel Morrison, gave them orders to rob the Bank of Hanoi to help bring the war to an end. They succeeded in their mission, but on their return to base four days after the end of the war, they discovered that Morrison had been killed by the Viet", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "405470", "text": "female characters. The A-Team The A-Team is an American action-adventure television series that ran on NBC from 1983 to 1987 about former members of a fictitious United States Army Special Forces unit. The members, after being court-martialed \"for a crime they didn't commit\", escaped from military prison and, while still on the run, worked as soldiers of fortune. The series was created by Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo. A feature film based on the series was released by 20th Century Fox in 2010. \"The A-Team\" was created by writers and producers Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo at the", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "3048082", "text": "on novels by Thomas Harris. Hannibal (film) Hannibal is a 2001 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from Thomas Harris's 1999 novel of the same name. It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award–winning film \"The Silence of the Lambs\" in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the serial killer, Hannibal Lecter. Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, as FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling. The film had a difficult and occasionally troubling pre-production history. When the novel was published in 1999, \"The Silence of the Lambs\" director Jonathan", "title": "Hannibal (film)" }, { "id": "405435", "text": "another actor, instead. Therefore, in the pilot, Face was portrayed by Tim Dunigan, who was later replaced by Dirk Benedict, with the comment that Dunigan was \"too tall and too young\". According to Dunigan: \"I look even younger on camera than I am. So it was difficult to accept me as a veteran of the Vietnam War, which ended when I was a sophomore in high school.\" Carrere was intended to join the principal cast of the show in its fifth season after appearing in the season four finale, providing a tie to the team's inception during the war. Unfortunately", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "26433", "text": "as Robert Ford in the HBO sci-fi series \"Westworld\". Hopkins played Autobot ally Sir Edmund Burton in \"\", which was released in June 2017. Perhaps Hopkins' most famous role is as the cannibalistic serial killer Hannibal Lecter in \"The Silence of the Lambs\", for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1991, with Jodie Foster as Clarice Starling, who also won for Best Actress. The film won Best Picture, Best Director and Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and Hopkins also picked up his first BAFTA for Best Actor. Hopkins reprised his role as Lecter twice; in", "title": "Anthony Hopkins" }, { "id": "17215934", "text": "Hannibal Lecter (franchise) The \"Hannibal Lecter\" franchise is an American media franchise that features the titular character, Hannibal Lecter, who originally appeared in a series of novels (starting with \"Red Dragon\" in 1981) by Thomas Harris. The series has since expanded into film and television. The first adaptation was the 1986 film \"Manhunter\", which was an adaptation of \"Red Dragon\", directed by Michael Mann. The next adaptation was 1991's \"The Silence of the Lambs\", which was directed by Jonathan Demme and was the first film to feature Anthony Hopkins in the role of Hannibal Lecter. \"Silence\" was a success, both", "title": "Hannibal Lecter (franchise)" }, { "id": "16764031", "text": "(as Frankie gets seasick, while B.A. is just scared of flying), and Hannibal going against Stockwell's orders. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The A-Team (season 5) The fifth and final season of the action-adventure television series \"The A-Team\" premiered in the United States on NBC on September 26, 1986, and concluded on March 8, 1987, consisting of 13 episodes. Robert Vaughn and Eddie Velez joined the cast in this season. At the beginning of this season, a remixed version of The A-Team theme song was used. The opening credits were changed in this season, which consisted of scenes taken from \"Dishpan Man\", \"Trial by", "title": "The A-Team (season 5)" }, { "id": "3701151", "text": "Tim Dunigan Timothy P. \"Tim\" Dunigan (born August 2, 1955) is an American actor who is best known for having played the lead role of Captain Jonathan Power in \"Captain Power and the Soldiers of the Future\". He also played con-man 1st Lt. Templeton \"The Face-Man\" Peck in the pilot for the 1980s hit \"The A-Team\", but was replaced by Dirk Benedict for the series. The reason given was that Dunigan was too young for the role, although series creators Frank Lupo and Stephen J. Cannell had wanted Benedict from the start, but were overridden by the network executives. Dunigan", "title": "Tim Dunigan" }, { "id": "252230", "text": "Mr. T Laurence Tureaud (born May 21, 1952), known professionally as Mr. T, is an American actor and retired professional wrestler known for his roles as B. A. Baracus in the 1980s television series \"The A-Team\" and as boxer Clubber Lang in the 1982 film \"Rocky III\". Mr. T is known for his distinctive hairstyle inspired by warriors of Mandinka nation in West Africa, his gold jewelry, and his tough-guy image. In 2006, he starred in \"I Pity the Fool\", a reality show shown on TV Land; the title of the show comes from the famous catchphrase used by his", "title": "Mr. T" }, { "id": "11751537", "text": "The film's first trailer was released January 8, 2010. The film's second trailer was released April 1, 2010. The film premiered in Los Angeles on Thursday June 3, 2010, at Grauman's Chinese Theatre on Hollywood Boulevard. Liam Neeson arrived in The A-Team custom Chevrolet G20 van; Bradley Cooper and Sharlto Copley rode in on a real U.S. Army tank. The film opened nationwide on June 11, 2010. The film premiered in the United Kingdom on July 27, before going on general release the next day. The event was attended by the four team members along with Jessica Biel, and the", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "110253", "text": "\"Ruckus\". In 1983, Dirk gained further popularity as con-man Lieutenant Templeton \"Face\" Peck in 1980s action television series \"The A-Team\". He played \"Faceman\" from to , although the series didn't air until January 1983, and the final episode wasn't shown until 1987 rebroadcasts. The episode \"Steel\" includes a scene at Universal Studios where Face is seen looking bemused as a Cylon walks by him as an in-joke to his previous role in \"Battlestar Galactica\". The clip is incorporated into the series' opening credit sequence from season 3 onward. In 1986, Benedict starred as low-life band manager Harry Smilac in the", "title": "Dirk Benedict" }, { "id": "11751524", "text": "Face, Murdock, and BA are court-martialled, sentenced to ten years in separate prisons, and dishonorably discharged. Sosa also ended up court-martialled and is demoted to lieutenant. Six months later, Lynch visits Hannibal in prison and tells him that Pike may be trying to sell the plates with the help of an Arab backer. Hannibal, who has been tracking Pike on his own, makes a deal with Lynch: full reinstatement and clean records for his team in return for the plates. Lynch agrees and Hannibal escapes, breaking out Face, BA, and Murdock in the process. The team hijacks a C-130, which", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "3048020", "text": "actress Jodie Foster all declined to be involved in its adaptation. Ridley Scott became attached as director after the success of \"Gladiator\" (2000), and eventually signed onto the project after reading the script pitched by Dino De Laurentiis, who produced \"Manhunter\" (1986), based on the 1981 Harris novel \"Red Dragon\". After the departure of Foster and screenwriter Tally, Julianne Moore took on Foster's role while David Mamet and Steven Zaillian wrote the screenplay. Set ten years after \"The Silence of the Lambs\", \"Hannibal\" follows Starling's attempts to apprehend Lecter before his surviving victim, Mason Verger, captures him. It is set", "title": "Hannibal (film)" }, { "id": "6313921", "text": "2012, at his home in Los Angeles at the age of 77, survived by his wife of 28 years Teresa, and their four children Mary, Teresa, Marcus and William Lance Junior. Lance LeGault William Lance LeGault (May 2, 1935 – September 10, 2012), sometimes credited as W. L. LeGault, was an American film and television actor, best known as the .44 Magnum wielding U.S. Army Colonel Roderick Decker in the 1980s American television series \"The A-Team\". LeGault was born May 2, 1935 in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Mary Jean (née Kovachevich; died December 21, 1980) and Ernest Legault (1906–1941).", "title": "Lance LeGault" }, { "id": "11751528", "text": "free and kisses Face as everybody is led into a prison van. In the van, everyone starts saying that the system has burned them again, but Hannibal tells them that there is always a way out of any situation, and turns towards Face, who smiles and says \"I don't want to steal your line, boss, but... I love it when a plan comes together\" and opens his mouth and reveals a handcuff key, given to him by Sosa through the kiss. The final scene includes a narration (spoken by Corey Burton) similar to the show's opening narration. In a post-credits", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "7604530", "text": "John Ashley (actor) John Ashley (December 25, 1934 – October 3, 1997) was an American actor, producer and singer. He was best known for his work as an actor in films for American International Pictures, producing and acting in horror movies shot in the Philippines, and for producing various television series, including \"The A-Team\". Born John Atchley, he was adopted by a doctor and his wife and reared in Oklahoma. He attended Will Rogers High School in Tulsa, where he was a champion wrestler, then went to Oklahoma State University in Stillwater on a wrestling scholarship, where he earned a", "title": "John Ashley (actor)" }, { "id": "14557427", "text": "Christopher Shyer Christopher Shyer (sometimes credited as Chris Shyer) is a Canadian-American actor who has appeared in over 50 film and television roles. Shyer was born in Downsview, Ontario, Canada. Shyer has appeared in multiple guest roles on television since 1994, including: \"Viper\", \"The New Outer Limits\", \"Smallville\", \"Monk\", \"JAG\", \"\", \"\", and a critically acclaimed recurring role as the Hannibal Lecter-like character \"Lawrence O'Malley\" in \"The Practice\". He more recently appeared in a supporting role on ABC-TV's re-imagined \"V\" series as \"Marcus,\" second-in-command to the V high commander, Anna (Morena Baccarin). His varied film roles have included \"The Falling\"", "title": "Christopher Shyer" }, { "id": "2438683", "text": "one episode of \"The Twilight Zone\", \"Spur of the Moment\", co-starring Diana Hyland, and had a supporting role in the 1964 film \"Ride the Wild Surf\". From 1968 to 1970, Davis garnered attention playing multiple characters on the daytime Gothic soap opera, \"Dark Shadows\". He played Peter Bradford, Jeff Clark, Ned Stuart, Dirk Wilkins, and Charles Delaware Tate. In 1971, Davis narrated the voiceover theme sequence for the western series \"Alias Smith and Jones\", starring Pete Duel as Hannibal Heyes/Joshua Smith and Ben Murphy as Jedidiah \"Kid\" Curry/Thaddeus Jones. He also appeared in one of the episodes (\"Smiler with a", "title": "Roger Davis (television actor)" }, { "id": "104079", "text": "Dwight Schultz William Dwight Schultz (born November 24, 1947) is an American actor and voice artist. He is known for his roles as Captain \"Howling Mad\" Murdock on the 1980s action series \"The A-Team\", and as Reginald Barclay in \"\", \"\" and the film \"\". He is also known in animation as the mad scientist Dr. Animo in the \"Ben 10\" series, Chef Mung Daal in the children's cartoon \"Chowder\", and Eddie the Squirrel in \"CatDog\". Schultz was born in Baltimore, Maryland, of German descent, and is a Roman Catholic. He attended Calvert Hall College High School and Towson University.", "title": "Dwight Schultz" }, { "id": "8962011", "text": "Howling Mad Murdock Captain H. M. \"Howling Mad\" Murdock, played by Dwight Schultz, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series \"The A-Team\". The character of Murdock was almost written out of the series before it aired, as the producers found the character too \"over the top\". The popularity of the character among the test audience convinced the producers to keep the part of Murdock. Murdock appeared on \"The A-Team\" from the series beginning in 1983 until its cancellation in 1987. South African actor Sharlto Copley played the character in the 2010", "title": "Howling Mad Murdock" }, { "id": "8961519", "text": "so much in how convincing his disguise is, but in his ability to assume any role and convince others that his role is genuine. Most episodes begin with the prospective clients coming to meet the A-Team, and instead, being introduced to one of Hannibal's comic aliases. Hannibal uses his various disguises to screen all the A-Team's potential clients to assure they were not fronts for the military—sometimes playing more than one at a time. Clients often make reference to a \"Mr. Lee\", the owner of a Chinese laundromat who tells them where to meet the team. Hannibal is also an", "title": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith" }, { "id": "11751534", "text": "the ex-lover of Face who is a disillusioned and ruthless Army officer in charge of pursuing the team. 20th Century Fox later confirmed that Copley and Biel were cast in the film. On September 30, 2009, Liam Neeson and the rest of the cast were seen filming scenes in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, as shooting got under way. The first official pictures of Neeson, Cooper, Copley and Jackson in character were soon released, including one which features the iconic van in the background. On October 30, 2009, Dwight Schultz confirmed that he had filmed a cameo scene for the movie.", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "8961666", "text": "following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Lieutenant in the 2010 movie adaptation. Templeton Peck Lieutenant Templeton Arthur Peck, played by Dirk Benedict, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series \"The A-Team\" A recognized war hero, he is often referred to as (The) Faceman (or simply Face - Phoenix in Spanish speaking countries). Although creators Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo had Benedict in mind for the role, studio executives initially insisted that the role be handled differently; Tim Dunigan played the role in the pilot episode, but", "title": "Templeton Peck" }, { "id": "14188025", "text": "funny, with Murdock's story being packed with laugh-out-loud lines. Erik killed on both of them.\" \"Shotgun Wedding\" is another miniseries that brings the whole team together. It was written by the film's director Joe Carnahan and Tom Waltz, and illustrated by Stephen Mooney. Taking place after the events of \"The A-Team\", after their escape, \"Shotgun Wedding\" unfolds on a cruise ship. The A-Team is tasked with protecting the daughter of Hannibal's old comrade, after her life is threatened and her upcoming wedding is endangered. Posing as members of the ship's crew and the wedding team, Hannibal becomes the priest, Murdock", "title": "The A-Team (comics)" }, { "id": "4403441", "text": "Rod Taylor. In 1985, McCarthy guest-starred in a fourth-season episode of \"The A-Team\" called \"Members Only\". Earlier, he starred in the 1976 Broadway play \"Poor Murderer\" In 1978, McCarthy played a cameo role in a remake of \"Invasion of the Body Snatchers\", as a man running through the streets shouting a warning in the same fashion as his character did in the original 1956 film. McCarthy appeared as Judge Crandall in \"The Midnight Hour\", a 1985 comedy/horror television movie. McCarthy was one of four actors (with Dick Miller, Belinda Balaski and Robert Picardo) often cast by director Joe Dante. McCarthy's", "title": "Kevin McCarthy (actor)" }, { "id": "15053185", "text": "Yul Vazquez Yul Vazquez (born March 18, 1965) is a Cuban-American actor and musician. He is best known for his roles in \"Runaway Bride\" (1999), \"Bad Boys II\" (2003), \"War of the Worlds\" (2005), \"The A-Team\" (2010), \"Captain Phillips\" (2013), \"The Infiltrator\" (2016), and \"Midnight, Texas\" (2017). Vazquez used to be the lead guitarist for melodic rock bands Urgent and Diving For Pearls. Vazquez was born in Cuba on March 18, 1965. Vazquez's film projects include \"Kill the Messenger\" starring Jeremy Renner and directed by Michael Cuesta, playing The Reverend Emilio Sheehan in the hit NBC series Midnight, Texas, the", "title": "Yul Vazquez" }, { "id": "3048016", "text": "York City Tartan Day Parade. On 31 December 2002, Cox was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the New Year Honours List. Brian Cox (actor) Brian Denis Cox (born 1 June 1946) is a Scottish actor who works with the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he gained recognition for his portrayal of King Lear. Cox is also known for appearing in \"Super Troopers\", \"The Bourne Identity\", \"The Bourne Supremacy\", \"X2\", \"Braveheart\", \"Rushmore\", \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\", and \"Troy.\" He was the first actor to portray Hannibal Lecter on film in 1986's \"Manhunter\". An", "title": "Brian Cox (actor)" }, { "id": "405441", "text": "1983. It is airing on satellite and cable channel Esquire Network. The series was to begin airing over NBC-TV's OTA digital subchannel network, Cozi TV, in January 2016. Forces TV started showing the series every weekday since October 17, 2016. The series has been airing in Spanish on Telemundo-TV's OTA digital subchannel network, TeleXitos since December 2014. The series is currently available through Starz, ELREY, and COZY TV. \"The A-Team\" has been broadcast all over the world; international response has been varied. In 1984, the main cast members of \"The A-Team\", George Peppard, Mr. T, Dirk Benedict and Dwight Schultz", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "16807223", "text": "Comedy in October at the first Cutting Room International Short Film Festival in NYC. On television, he has guest-starred in such popular series as \"The A-Team\" (1985) and \"Baywatch\" (1993), had a recurring role on \"The Nanny\" (1993–1995) and was featured in several TV movies including \"At Home with the Webbers\" (1993). As Howard Zuker, he has produced, presented and/or financed more than forty motion pictures, including \"Hearts and Minds\" (1974), which won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Norman began performing as a stand-up comedian in strip joints and nightclubs while producing his first Off-Broadway play, the New", "title": "Zack Norman" }, { "id": "2988178", "text": "He believed that this is what secured the role for him. Joan Allen, who played Dollarhyde's blind love interest Reba McClane, recalls meeting with representatives of the New York Institute for the Blind in preparation for her role. She spent time walking around New York wearing a mask over her eyes to get accustomed to walking as though she were blind. John Lithgow, Mandy Patinkin, William Friedkin, and Brian Dennehy were all considered for the role of Hannibal Lecktor, but Brian Cox was cast after being recommended to Mann by Dennehy. Cox based his portrayal on Scottish serial killer Peter", "title": "Manhunter (film)" }, { "id": "5918946", "text": "Joe Carnahan Joseph Aaron Carnahan (born May 9, 1969) is an American independent film director, screenwriter, producer and actor best known for his films \"Blood, Guts, Bullets and Octane\", \"Narc\", \"Smokin' Aces\", \"The A-Team\", and \"The Grey\". He also writes and directed some episodes for the NBC television series \"The Blacklist\". He is the brother of screenwriter Matthew Michael Carnahan and producer Leah Carnahan. Carnahan was raised in Michigan and Northern California. He attended college at San Francisco State University but later transferred to California State University, Sacramento, and earned his B.A. in Filmography there. Carnahan eventually became employed in", "title": "Joe Carnahan" }, { "id": "11751531", "text": "Lake, British Columbia, is also used in one scene of the movie to cross the Atlantic. The film had been in development since the mid-1990s, going through a number of writers and story ideas, and being put on hold a number of times. Producer Stephen J. Cannell hoped to update the setting, perhaps using the Gulf War as part of the backstory. John Singleton was initially assigned to direct, but in October 2008 he pulled out of the project. When Singleton was still attached to the project as director, Ice Cube was approached for the role of B.A. Baracus. The", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "11751529", "text": "scene, Murdock and Face of \"The A-Team\"s original cast are seen. In a post-credits scene, original series actors Dirk Benedict (Face) and Dwight Schultz (Murdock) have cameos with their film equivalents Bradley Cooper and Sharlto Copley. Benedict plays Face's fellow tanning bed client, credited as \"Pensacola Prisoner Milt\", and Schultz plays one of two neurologists observing Murdock during a shock-therapy session. The entire film was shot at various locations in Canada including Kamloops, Vancouver, Cache Creek and Ashcroft, British Columbia, with much of the studio works being done at Mammoth Studios. Other footage was included as well, such as aerial", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "2941316", "text": "and George Peppard in \"The A-Team\" (in two appearances as different characters, in the first season's \"Pros and Cons\" and the fourth season's \"The A-Team Is Coming, The A-Team Is Coming\"). In the 1976 television miniseries \"Rich Man, Poor Man\", he portrayed Anthony Falconetti, nemesis of the Jordache family, and reprised the role in the sequel \"Rich Man, Poor Man Book II\". Other 1970s TV appearances included the \"\" episode \"The Energy Eater\", as an Indian medicine man who advises Kolchak, and an early \"Six Million Dollar Man\" episode \"Survival of the Fittest\" as Commander Maxwell. He also appeared in", "title": "William Smith (actor)" }, { "id": "405423", "text": "Peck in the pilot), usually called \"Face\" or \"Faceman\", is a smooth-talking con man who serves as the team's appropriator of vehicles and other useful items, as well as the team's second-in-command. The team's pilot is Captain H.M. \"Howling Mad\" Murdock (Dwight Schultz), who has been declared insane and lives in a Veterans' Administration mental institution for the show's first four seasons. Finally, there is the team's strong man, mechanic and Sergeant First Class Bosco \"B.A.\", or \"Bad Attitude\", Baracus (Mr. T). The team belonged to the 5th Special Forces as seen in the left side shoulder patch on Hannibal's", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "3048054", "text": "as U.S. Justice Department official Paul Krendler (the character had appeared in \"The Silence of the Lambs\", but original actor Ron Vawter had died in the interim) and Italian actor Giancarlo Giannini as Detective Rinaldo Pazzi. Francesca Neri played Pazzi's wife, Allegra. Frankie Faison reprised his role as orderly Barney Matthews. Scott recruited key production crew whom he had worked with previously. Production designer Norris Spencer had worked on \"Thelma & Louise\", \"Black Rain\" and \"\". Cinematographer John Mathieson, editor Pietro Scalia and composer Hans Zimmer had all worked on Scott's previous film \"Gladiator\". \"Hannibal\" was filmed in 83 working", "title": "Hannibal (film)" }, { "id": "405444", "text": "in 2008 until the channel’s closure in 2011. In 2017 the digital channel Spike began showing the series from the beginning. Channel 5 also repeated it in 2017. Although ratings soared during its early seasons, many television critics described the show largely as cartoonish and thereby wrote the series off. Most reviews focused on acting and the formulaic nature of the episodes, most prominently the absence of actual killing in a show about Vietnam War veterans. The violence presented in \"The A-Team\" is highly sanitized. People do not bleed or bruise when hit (though they might develop a limp or", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "8961645", "text": "Templeton Peck Lieutenant Templeton Arthur Peck, played by Dirk Benedict, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series \"The A-Team\" A recognized war hero, he is often referred to as (The) Faceman (or simply Face - Phoenix in Spanish speaking countries). Although creators Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo had Benedict in mind for the role, studio executives initially insisted that the role be handled differently; Tim Dunigan played the role in the pilot episode, but after it was completed, he was thought by the same executives to look too young to", "title": "Templeton Peck" }, { "id": "8632520", "text": "B. A. Baracus Sergeant Bosco \"B. A.\" (Bad Attitude) Baracus , played by Mr. T, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series \"The A-Team\". B. A. Baracus appeared on \"The A-Team\" from the series beginning in 1983 until its cancellation in 1987. He is arguably the breakout character of the series and has become a cult icon worldwide. In the 2010 film version, Baracus was played by mixed martial artist Quinton \"Rampage\" Jackson. The A-Team is a group of ex-United States Army Special Forces soldiers who were wrongly convicted of a", "title": "B. A. Baracus" }, { "id": "5233482", "text": "Hannibal Rising (film) Hannibal Rising is a 2007 horror film and the fifth film of the \"Hannibal Lecter\" franchise. It is a prequel to \"The Silence of the Lambs\", \"Hannibal\", and \"Red Dragon\". The film is an adaptation of Thomas Harris' 2006 novel of the same name and tells the story of Lecter's evolution into a cannibalistic serial killer. The film was directed by Peter Webber from a screenplay by Harris, and stars Gaspard Ulliel as the title character with additional roles played by Gong Li, Rhys Ifans and Dominic West. Filming took place at Barrandov Studios in Prague. It", "title": "Hannibal Rising (film)" }, { "id": "11751533", "text": "film, but this was later denied by a representative for Jackson. In September 2009, \"The Vancouver Sun\" suggested that Jackson has been attached to the role and was postponing his fight at UFC 107 with Rashad Evans due to filming for \"The A-Team\". Filming started in Vancouver in late 2009, and Jackson's involvement was then confirmed. On September 15, 2009, \"Variety\" confirmed the casting of Neeson, Cooper and Jackson. They additionally reported that Sharlto Copley and Jessica Biel were in final negotiations to join the cast. Copley would be playing the role of H.M. Murdock and Biel would be playing", "title": "The A-Team (film)" }, { "id": "4443304", "text": "played judges in \"Centennial\" and \"B. J. and the Bear\". In 1980, he was cast in the role of \"Chief\" in the \"Get Smart\" feature film entitled \"The Nude Bomb\" (a.k.a. \"The Return of Maxwell Smart\") that was based on the 1960s hit TV series (the role previously played by Edward Platt, who died in 1974). He also co-starred in two episodes of \"The A-Team\" in 1984 and 1985. In 1987, he was cast on \"Matlock\". Elcar and his stunt/photography double, Don S. Davis, were often mistaken for each other. Elcar appeared in the hit series \"Knight Rider\" in the", "title": "Dana Elcar" }, { "id": "12100228", "text": "Macdonald is a Scottish Emmy Award winning and Screen Actors Guild Award-winning actress. She has starred in many notable films, including \"Trainspotting\" alongside Ewan McGregor, the Coen brothers’ \"No Country for Old Men\" and the science fiction comedy \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\". Brian Cox, CBE is an Emmy Award-winning Scottish actor. He is perhaps best known for portraying Hannibal Lecter in the 1986 thriller \"Manhunter\", and has since become a familiar face in film and television. He is also known for his work with the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he gained great recognition for his portrayal of King", "title": "Cinema of Scotland" }, { "id": "8961523", "text": "the final mission, a decision B. A. regrets. In the film, Hannibal is a full colonel, has served in both the Army's 75th Ranger Regiment and the 7th Special Forces Group, in which he and his team are still members until their court martial, and has served a total of two and a half years in overseas combat zones. Unlike the TV series, Hannibal is not a Medal of Honor recipient. Like B.A., Face, and Murdock, he has an Army Ranger tattoo (on his left arm). The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Colonel Smith in", "title": "John \"Hannibal\" Smith" }, { "id": "12748242", "text": "Mystery Team Mystery Team is a 2009 American comedy film by the comedy group Derrick Comedy. The story was written by Donald Glover, DC Pierson, Dominic Dierkes, Dan Eckman and Meggie McFadden. It stars Glover, Pierson and Dierkes, was directed by Eckman and produced by McFadden. It also marked the feature film debuts for Aubrey Plaza, Ellie Kemper, Neil Casey, Ben Schwartz and Bobby Moynihan. After premiering at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, it was released in the United States on August 28, 2009. The Mystery Team consisting of \"Master of Disguise\" Jason Rogers (Donald Glover), \"Boy Genius\" Duncan Wheeler", "title": "Mystery Team" }, { "id": "405452", "text": "Dirk Benedict also remarked that: \"It was a guy's show. It was male driven. It was written by guys. It was directed by guys. It was acted by guys. It's about what guys do. We talked the way guys talked. We were the boss. We were the God. We smoked when we wanted. We shot guns when we wanted. We kissed the girls and made them cry... when we wanted. It was the last truly masculine show.\" The 1983 GMC Vandura van used by the A-Team, with its characteristic red stripe, black and red turbine mag wheels, and rooftop spoiler,", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "405464", "text": "as B.A. In early episodes the team used Colt AR-15 SP1 semi-automatic rifles (with automatic sound effects, simulating the M16), while in later seasons they used the Ruger Mini-14, and on rare occasions, the selective fire AC-556K variant of the Mini-14. Hannibal is also seen using an M60 machine gun (which Hannibal called \"Baby\") in some episodes as well as a Micro-Uzi. MAC-11s with parts added to simulate the Uzi appear in at least two early episodes. Hannibal's sidearms are either a nickel-plated Smith & Wesson Model 59, or a stainless steel Smith & Wesson Model 639. Unusually in the", "title": "The A-Team" }, { "id": "17215938", "text": "parodied \"The Silence of the Lambs\", especially the film version, in \"Silence! The Musical\". It premiered Off-Off-Broadway and has since had acclaimed productions in London (2009) and Los Angeles (2012). In 2012, it won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle – Score, Lead Performance, Choreography Award. Hannibal Lecter (franchise) The \"Hannibal Lecter\" franchise is an American media franchise that features the titular character, Hannibal Lecter, who originally appeared in a series of novels (starting with \"Red Dragon\" in 1981) by Thomas Harris. The series has since expanded into film and television. The first adaptation was the 1986 film \"Manhunter\", which", "title": "Hannibal Lecter (franchise)" }, { "id": "6087852", "text": "\"The Ninth Configuration\" (1980), \"The Mountain Men\" (1980), \"Coast to Coast\" (1980), \"Stripes\" (1981), \"Ladykillers\" (1988), \"False Identity\" (1990), \"Extreme Justice\" (1993), \"The River Wild\" (1994), \"The Limey\" (1999), \"Erin Brockovich\" (2000), \"Red Dragon\" (2002), \"The Rundown\" (2003), and \"Contraband\" (2012). On television he has had starring or featured roles in \"Outlaws\" as Harland Pike and \"The A-Team\" as Colonel Lynch. He has appeared on such television series as \"\", \"The Partridge Family\", \"Simon & Simon\", \"Bonanza\", \"Kung Fu\", \"Baa Baa Black Sheep\", \"Gunsmoke\", \"The Rockford Files\", \"The Waltons\", \"The Incredible Hulk\", \"Knight Rider\", \"Magnum, P.I.\", \"M*A*S*H\", \"Hunter\", \"The Greatest", "title": "William Lucking" }, { "id": "8713940", "text": "Kevyn Major Howard Kevyn Major Howard is a Canadian actor best known for his role as \"Rafterman\" in Stanley Kubrick's \"Full Metal Jacket\" and as \"The A-Team's\" complex anti-hero, Marcus. After acting in high school, Howard moved to Los Angeles and Hollywood in the late 1970s. His headshot was delivered to Paramount Pictures and, shortly thereafter, he was called in and booked for his first major film role, in \"The Serial\", with Martin Mull, Tuesday Weld, Sally Kellerman, Pamela Bellwood and Peter Bonerz. This was followed by the film \"Scared Straight Another Story\". In the BBC show \"The Human Face\",", "title": "Kevyn Major Howard" } ]

[ "365.256 days" ]

[ { "id": "111108", "text": "hours. Due to this motion, on average it takes 24 hours—a solar day—for Earth to complete a full rotation about its axis so that the Sun returns to the meridian. The orbital speed of Earth averages about , which is fast enough to travel a distance equal to Earth's diameter, about , in seven minutes, and the distance to the Moon, , in about 3.5 hours. The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32 days relative to the background stars. When combined with the Earth–Moon system's common orbit around the Sun, the period of the synodic month, from", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "111060", "text": "Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed over 4.5 billion years ago. Earth's gravity interacts with other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Moon, Earth's only natural satellite. Earth revolves around the Sun in 365.26 days, a period known as an Earth year. During this time, Earth rotates about its axis about 366.26 times. Earth's axis of rotation is tilted with respect to its orbital plane, producing seasons on Earth. The gravitational interaction between Earth and", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "3542842", "text": "Earth's orbit All celestial bodies in the Solar System, including planets such as our own, orbit around the Solar System's centre of mass. The sun makes up 99.76% of this mass which is why the centre of mass is extremely close to the sun. Earth's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi). Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0167.", "title": "Earth's orbit" }, { "id": "3542843", "text": "As seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate of about 1° (or a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours) eastward per solar day. Earth's orbital speed averages about 30 km/s (108,000 km/h; 67,000 mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours. From a vantage point above the north pole of either the Sun or Earth, Earth would appear to revolve in a counterclockwise direction around the Sun. From the same", "title": "Earth's orbit" }, { "id": "7373713", "text": "Earth's rotation Earth's rotation is the rotation of Planet Earth around its own axis. Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion. As viewed from the north pole star Polaris, Earth turns counter clockwise. The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. This point is distinct from Earth's North Magnetic Pole. The South Pole is the other point where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface, in Antarctica. Earth rotates once in about 24 hours with respect to the Sun, but", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "103220", "text": "nearly constant (24 hours ± 30 seconds). This is the time as indicated by modern sundials. A further improvement defines a fictitious mean Sun that moves with constant speed along the celestial equator; the speed is the same as the average speed of the real Sun, but this removes the variation over a year as the Earth moves along its orbit around the Sun (due to both its velocity and its axial tilt). A \"day\", understood as the span of time it takes for the Earth to make one entire rotation with respect to the celestial background or a distant", "title": "Day" }, { "id": "103235", "text": "daytime may extend beyond one 24 hour period and could even extend to months Day A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (\"solar day\"). In 1960, the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the Earth in year 1900, and was designated the SI base unit of time. The unit of measurement \"day\", was redefined as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized \"d\". In 1967, the second and so the day were redefined by atomic electron transition. A civil day", "title": "Day" }, { "id": "103214", "text": "Day A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (\"solar day\"). In 1960, the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the Earth in year 1900, and was designated the SI base unit of time. The unit of measurement \"day\", was redefined as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized \"d\". In 1967, the second and so the day were redefined by atomic electron transition. A civil day is usually 86 400 seconds, plus or minus a possible leap second in Coordinated", "title": "Day" }, { "id": "596932", "text": "the moment when the Sun is exactly due south or north (depending on the observer's latitude and the season). A mean solar day (what we normally measure as a \"day\") is the average time between local solar noons (\"average\" since this varies slightly over the year). Earth makes one rotation around its axis in a sidereal day; during that time it moves a short distance (about 1°) along its orbit around the Sun. So after a sidereal day has passed, Earth still needs to rotate slightly more before the Sun reaches local noon according to solar time. A mean solar", "title": "Sidereal time" }, { "id": "7373730", "text": "given in mean solar time above to obtain their lengths in SI seconds (see Fluctuations in the length of day). The angular speed of Earth's rotation in inertial space is radians per SI second (mean solar second). Multiplying by (180°/π radians) × (86,400 seconds/mean solar day) yields 360.9856°/mean solar day, indicating that Earth rotates more than 360° relative to the fixed stars in one solar day. Earth's movement along its nearly circular orbit while it is rotating once around its axis requires that Earth rotate slightly more than once relative to the fixed stars before the mean Sun can pass", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "596930", "text": "seconds. Common time on a typical clock measures a slightly longer cycle, accounting not only for Earth's axial rotation but also for Earth's orbit around the Sun. A sidereal day is approximately 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.0905 SI seconds or also (24 hours - 4 minutes + 4 seconds). The March equinox itself precesses slowly westward relative to the fixed stars, completing one revolution in about 26,000 years, so the misnamed sidereal day (\"sidereal\" is derived from the Latin \"sidus\" meaning \"star\") is 0.0084 seconds shorter than Earth's period of rotation relative to the fixed stars. The slightly longer \"true\"", "title": "Sidereal time" }, { "id": "103218", "text": "at various positions in their orbit, a solar day is not the same length of time throughout the orbital year. Because the Earth orbits the Sun elliptically as the Earth spins on an inclined axis, this period can be up to 7.9 seconds more than (or less than) 24 hours. In recent decades, the average length of a solar day on Earth has been about 86 400.002 seconds (24.000 000 6 hours) and there are about 365.2422 solar days in one mean tropical year. Ancient custom has a new day start at either the rising or setting of the Sun", "title": "Day" }, { "id": "9962849", "text": "amounts to slightly more than half the surface. The hemisphere of the Earth experiencing daytime at any given instant changes continuously as the planet rotates on its own axis. The axis of the Earth's rotation is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the Sun (which is parallel with the direction of sunlight), and so the length of the daytime period varies from one point on the planet to another. Additionally, since the axis of rotation is relatively fixed in comparison to the stars, it moves with respect to the Sun as the planet orbits the star. This", "title": "Daytime" }, { "id": "7373724", "text": "Foucault in 1851, which consisted of a lead-filled brass sphere suspended from the top of the Panthéon in Paris. Because of the Earth's rotation under the swinging pendulum, the pendulum's plane of oscillation appears to rotate at a rate depending on latitude. At the latitude of Paris the predicted and observed shift was about clockwise per hour. Foucault pendulums now swing in museums around the world. Earth's rotation period relative to the Sun (solar noon to solar noon) is its \"true solar day\" or \"apparent solar day\". It depends on the Earth's orbital motion and is thus affected by changes", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "272913", "text": "and their moons move with the sun. Thus, the solar system is moving. The Earth is rotating or spinning around its axis. This is evidenced by day and night, at the equator the earth has an eastward velocity of . The Earth is also orbiting around the Sun in an orbital revolution. A complete orbit around the sun takes one year, or about 365 days; it averages a speed of about . The Theory of Plate tectonics tells us that the continents are drifting on convection currents within the mantle causing them to move across the surface of the planet", "title": "Motion (physics)" }, { "id": "103217", "text": "many other species are related to Earth's solar day and the day-night cycle. Several definitions of this universal human concept are used according to context, need and convenience. Besides the day of 24 hours (86 400 seconds), the word \"day\" is used for several different spans of time based on the rotation of the Earth around its axis. An important one is the solar day, defined as the time it takes for the Sun to return to its culmination point (its highest point in the sky). Because celestial orbits are not perfectly circular, and thus objects travel at different speeds", "title": "Day" }, { "id": "7373727", "text": "each of these seconds is slightly longer than an SI second because Earth's mean solar day is now slightly longer than it was during the 19th century due to tidal friction. The average length of the mean solar day since the introduction of the leap second in 1972 has been about 0 to 2 ms longer than 86,400 SI seconds. Random fluctuations due to core-mantle coupling have an amplitude of about 5 ms. The mean solar second between 1750 and 1892 was chosen in 1895 by Simon Newcomb as the independent unit of time in his Tables of the Sun.", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "1277390", "text": "by a sundial. The equivalent on other planets is termed local true solar time (LTST). The length of a solar day varies through the year, and the accumulated effect produces seasonal deviations of up to 16 minutes from the mean. The effect has two main causes. First, Earth's orbit is an ellipse, not a circle, so the Earth moves faster when it is nearest the Sun (perihelion) and slower when it is farthest from the Sun (aphelion) (see Kepler's laws of planetary motion). Second, due to Earth's axial tilt (known as the \"obliquity of the ecliptic\"), the Sun's annual motion", "title": "Solar time" }, { "id": "7373728", "text": "These tables were used to calculate the world's ephemerides between 1900 and 1983, so this second became known as the ephemeris second. In 1967 the SI second was made equal to the ephemeris second. The apparent solar time is a measure of the Earth's rotation and the difference between it and the mean solar time is known as the equation of time. Earth's rotation period relative to the fixed stars, called its \"stellar day\" by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), is seconds of mean solar time (UT1) , mean solar days). Earth's rotation period relative to", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "111135", "text": "by the Apollo program. </math>, where \"m\" is the mass of Earth, \"a\" is an astronomical unit, and \"M\" is the mass of the Sun. So the radius in AU is about formula_1.</ref> Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed over 4.5 billion years ago. Earth's gravity interacts with other objects in space, especially the Sun and the Moon, Earth's only natural satellite. Earth revolves around the Sun in 365.26 days, a period known as an Earth year.", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "751823", "text": "Angular velocity In physics, the angular velocity of a particle is the rate at which it rotates around a chosen center point: that is, the time rate of change of its angular displacement relative to the origin (i.e. in layman's terms: how quickly an object goes around something over a period of time - e.g. how fast the earth orbits the sun). It is measured in angle per unit time, radians per second in SI units, and is usually represented by the symbol omega (ω, sometimes Ω). By convention, positive angular velocity indicates counter-clockwise rotation, while negative is clockwise. For", "title": "Angular velocity" }, { "id": "3311746", "text": "between 1750 and 1892 was chosen in 1895 by Simon Newcomb as the independent unit of time in his Tables of the Sun. These tables were used to calculate the world's ephemerides between 1900 and 1983, so this second became known as the ephemeris second. The SI second was made equal to the ephemeris second in 1967. Earth's rotation period relative to the fixed stars, called its \"stellar day\" by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), is seconds of mean solar time (UT1) Earth's rotation period relative to the precessing or moving mean vernal equinox, its \"sidereal", "title": "Rotation period" }, { "id": "812959", "text": "required: The principles of sundials are understood most easily from the Sun's apparent motion. The Earth rotates on its axis, and revolves in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. An excellent approximation assumes that the Sun revolves around a stationary Earth on the celestial sphere, which rotates every 24 hours about its celestial axis. The celestial axis is the line connecting the celestial poles. Since the celestial axis is aligned with the axis about which the Earth rotates, the angle of the axis with the local horizontal is the local geographical latitude. Unlike the fixed stars, the Sun changes its", "title": "Sundial" }, { "id": "596931", "text": "sidereal period is measured as the Earth Rotation Angle (ERA), formerly the stellar angle. An increase of 360° in the ERA is a full rotation of the Earth. Because Earth orbits the Sun once a year, the sidereal time at any given place and time will gain about four minutes against local civil time, every 24 hours, until, after a year has passed, one additional sidereal \"day\" has elapsed compared to the number of solar days that have gone by. Solar time is measured by the apparent diurnal motion of the Sun, and local noon in apparent solar time is", "title": "Sidereal time" }, { "id": "4390054", "text": "of A, B, and C differ depending on the techniques used to make the measurement, as well as the time period studied. A current set of accepted average values is: At the equator, the solar rotation period is 24.47 days. This is called the sidereal rotation period, and should not be confused with the synodic rotation period of 26.24 days, which is the time for a fixed feature on the Sun to rotate to the same apparent position as viewed from Earth. The synodic period is longer because the Sun must rotate for a sidereal period plus an extra amount", "title": "Solar rotation" }, { "id": "7763316", "text": "Galactic year The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 828,000 km/h (230 km/s) or 514,000 mph (143 mi/s) within its trajectory around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately 1/1300 of the speed of light.", "title": "Galactic year" }, { "id": "3311745", "text": "hence the rate of rotation can vary (because the product of the moment of inertia and the rate of rotation is equal to the angular momentum, which is fixed). Hyperion, a satellite of Saturn, exhibits this behaviour, and its rotation period is described as chaotic. Earth's rotation period relative to the Sun (its mean solar day) consists of 86,400 seconds of mean solar time, by definition. Each of these seconds is slightly longer than an SI second because Earth's solar day is now slightly longer than it was during the 19th century, due to tidal deceleration. The mean solar second", "title": "Rotation period" }, { "id": "12847", "text": "Astronomical unit The astronomical unit (symbol: au, ua, or AU) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun. However, that distance varies as Earth orbits the Sun, from a maximum (aphelion) to a minimum (perihelion) and back again once a year. Originally conceived as the average of Earth's aphelion and perihelion, since 2012 it has been defined as exactly metres or about . The astronomical unit is used primarily for measuring distances within the Solar System or around other stars. It is also a fundamental component in the definition of another unit of astronomical length,", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "id": "111115", "text": "caused by the varying attraction of the Sun and the Moon on Earth's equatorial bulge. The poles also migrate a few meters across Earth's surface. This polar motion has multiple, cyclical components, which collectively are termed quasiperiodic motion. In addition to an annual component to this motion, there is a 14-month cycle called the Chandler wobble. Earth's rotational velocity also varies in a phenomenon known as length-of-day variation. In modern times, Earth's perihelion occurs around 3 January, and its aphelion around 4 July. These dates change over time due to precession and other orbital factors, which follow cyclical patterns known", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "111105", "text": "the Van Allen radiation belt are formed by high-energy particles whose motion is essentially random, but otherwise contained by the magnetosphere. During magnetic storms and substorms, charged particles can be deflected from the outer magnetosphere and especially the magnetotail, directed along field lines into Earth's ionosphere, where atmospheric atoms can be excited and ionized, causing the aurora. Earth's rotation period relative to the Sun—its mean solar day—is of mean solar time (). Because Earth's solar day is now slightly longer than it was during the 19th century due to tidal deceleration, each day varies between longer. Earth's rotation period relative", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "464815", "text": "revolution with respect to its apsides. The orbit of the Earth is elliptical; the extreme points, called apsides, are the perihelion, where the Earth is closest to the Sun (January 3 in 2011), and the aphelion, where the Earth is farthest from the Sun (July 4 in 2011). The anomalistic year is usually defined as the time between perihelion passages. Its average duration is days (365 d 6 h 13 min 52.6 s) (at the epoch J2011.0). The draconic year, draconitic year, eclipse year, or ecliptic year is the time taken for the Sun (as seen from the Earth) to", "title": "Year" }, { "id": "111076", "text": "move to an orbit from the Sun when the star reaches its maximum radius. Most, if not all, remaining life will be destroyed by the Sun's increased luminosity (peaking at about 5,000 times its present level). A 2008 simulation indicates that Earth's orbit will eventually decay due to tidal effects and drag, causing it to enter the Sun's atmosphere and be vaporized. The shape of Earth is approximately oblate spheroidal. Due to rotation, the Earth is flattened at the poles and bulging around the equator. The diameter of the Earth at the equator is larger than the pole-to-pole diameter. Thus", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "7373725", "text": "in the eccentricity and inclination of Earth's orbit. Both vary over thousands of years, so the annual variation of the true solar day also varies. Generally, it is longer than the mean solar day during two periods of the year and shorter during another two. The true solar day tends to be longer near perihelion when the Sun apparently moves along the ecliptic through a greater angle than usual, taking about longer to do so. Conversely, it is about shorter near aphelion. It is about longer near a solstice when the projection of the Sun's apparent motion along the ecliptic", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "103226", "text": "to keep the civil day aligned with the apparent movement of the Sun, a day according to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) can include a negative or positive leap second. Therefore, although typically 86 400 SI seconds in duration, a civil day can be either 86 401 or 86 399 SI seconds long on such a day. Leap seconds are announced in advance by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), which measures the Earth's rotation and determines whether a leap second is necessary. Leap seconds occur only at the end of a UTC-calculated month, and have only ever", "title": "Day" }, { "id": "521121", "text": "is based on the solar day, which is the period between one solar noon (passage of the real Sun across the meridian) and the next. A solar day is approximately 24 hours of mean time. Because the Earth's orbit around the sun is elliptical, and because of the obliquity of the Earth's axis relative to the plane of the orbit (the ecliptic), the apparent solar day varies a few dozen seconds above or below the mean value of 24 hours. As the variation accumulates over a few weeks, there are differences as large as 16 minutes between apparent solar time", "title": "Time standard" }, { "id": "103221", "text": "star (assumed to be fixed), is called a \"stellar day\". This period of rotation is about 4 minutes less than 24 hours (23 hours 56 minutes and 4.1 seconds) and there are about 366.2422 stellar days in one mean tropical year (one stellar day more than the number of solar days). Other planets and moons have stellar and solar days of different lengths from Earth's. A day, in the sense of daytime that is distinguished from night-time, is commonly defined as the period during which sunlight directly reaches the ground, assuming that there are no local obstacles. The length of", "title": "Day" }, { "id": "11392354", "text": "represent the cardinal directions. The following selected cases are depicted. Sun path Sun path, sometimes also called day arc, refers to the daily and seasonal arc-like path that the Sun appears to follow across the sky as the Earth rotates and orbits the Sun. The Sun's path affects the length of daytime experienced and amount of daylight received along a certain latitude during a given season. The relative position of the Sun is a major factor in the heat gain of buildings and in the performance of solar energy systems. Accurate location-specific knowledge of sun path and climatic conditions is", "title": "Sun path" }, { "id": "7373726", "text": "onto the celestial equator causes the Sun to move through a greater angle than usual. Conversely, near an equinox the projection onto the equator is shorter by about . Currently, the perihelion and solstice effects combine to lengthen the true solar day near by solar seconds, but the solstice effect is partially cancelled by the aphelion effect near when it is only longer. The effects of the equinoxes shorten it near and by and , respectively. The average of the true solar day during the course of an entire year is the \"mean solar day\", which contains solar seconds. Currently,", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "4390055", "text": "due to the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun. Note that astrophysical literature does not typically use the equatorial rotation period, but instead often uses the definition of a Carrington rotation: a synodic rotation period of 27.2753 days or a sidereal period of 25.38 days. This chosen period roughly corresponds to the prograde rotation at a latitude of 26° north or south, which is consistent with the typical latitude of sunspots and corresponding periodic solar activity. When the Sun is viewed from the \"north\" (above Earth's north pole), solar rotation is counterclockwise (eastward). To a person standing on the", "title": "Solar rotation" }, { "id": "2551461", "text": "to apply corrections due to one's distance from the local time zone meridian and summer time, if any. The tiny increase of the mean solar day due to the slowing down of the Earth's rotation, by about 2 ms per day per century, which currently accumulates up to about 1 second every year, is not taken into account in traditional definitions of the equation of time, as it is imperceptible at the accuracy level of sundials. The Earth revolves around the Sun. As seen from Earth, the Sun appears to revolve once around the Earth through the background stars in", "title": "Equation of time" }, { "id": "14097315", "text": "Tropical year A tropical year (also known as a solar year) is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons, as seen from Earth; for example, the time from vernal equinox to vernal equinox, or from summer solstice to summer solstice. Because of the precession of the equinoxes, the seasonal cycle does not remain exactly synchronized with the position of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun. As a consequence, the tropical year is about 20 minutes shorter than the time it takes Earth to complete one full orbit around", "title": "Tropical year" }, { "id": "14485690", "text": "AD) it would occur once, in 1963 AD. The Moon takes about 27.3 days to make one complete orbit around the earth. The earth orbits around the sun once every 365.2422 days (= earth’s orbital speed of 29.79 km per second). The earth and the moon in 27.3 days have moved as a system about 1/12 of the way around the sun. This means that from one full moon to the next full moon, the moon must travel 2.2 extra days before it appears again as a full moon, due to the curve of the earth’s orbit around the sun.", "title": "Adhik Maas" }, { "id": "111107", "text": "Earth's sky is to the west at a rate of 15°/h = 15'/min. For bodies near the celestial equator, this is equivalent to an apparent diameter of the Sun or the Moon every two minutes; from Earth's surface, the apparent sizes of the Sun and the Moon are approximately the same. Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of about every 365.2564 mean solar days, or one sidereal year. This gives an apparent movement of the Sun eastward with respect to the stars at a rate of about 1°/day, which is one apparent Sun or Moon diameter every 12", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "11464618", "text": "365.2425 days, which matches the 4/100/400 leap year rules of the commonly used Gregorian calendar. Additional adjustments to the calendar over intervals this long are unavoidable, as the actual year is currently slightly shorter (about 365.242374 days) than assumed, the length of Earth's orbit around the Sun changes over time (tropical years are currently becoming shorter at a rate of about 0.53 seconds per century), and in any case, all of these times far exceed the likely existence of the Earth. So the year numbers should be considered approximate. Time zones and Daylight saving time can cause trouble in computer", "title": "Time formatting and storage bugs" }, { "id": "1271246", "text": "Diurnal motion Diurnal motion (, from \"dies\", lit. \"day\") is an astronomical term referring to the apparent motion of celestial objects (e.g. the Sun and stars) around Earth, or more precisely around the two celestial poles, over the course of one day. It is caused by Earth's rotation around its axis, so almost every star appears to follow a circular arc path called the diurnal circle. The time for one complete rotation is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.09 seconds – one sidereal day. The first experimental demonstration of this motion was conducted by Léon Foucault. The relative direction of", "title": "Diurnal motion" }, { "id": "111106", "text": "to the fixed stars, called its \"stellar day\" by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), is of mean solar time (UT1), or Earth's rotation period relative to the precessing or moving mean vernal equinox, misnamed its \"sidereal day\", is of mean solar time (UT1) . Thus the sidereal day is shorter than the stellar day by about 8.4 ms. The length of the mean solar day in SI seconds is available from the IERS for the periods 1623–2005 and 1962–2005. Apart from meteors within the atmosphere and low-orbiting satellites, the main apparent motion of celestial bodies in", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "2977126", "text": "Synodic day A synodic day is the period it takes for a planet to rotate once in relation to the star it is orbiting (its primary body). For Earth, the synodic day is known as a solar day, and its mean length is 24 hours and 2.5 ms. The synodic day is distinguished from the sidereal day, which is one complete rotation in relation to distant stars. A synodic day is from \"sunrise to sunrise\", whereas a sidereal day is from the rise of a given star of reference to the next. (Thus, the word \"day\" denotes its position relative", "title": "Synodic day" }, { "id": "7373731", "text": "overhead again, even though it rotates only once (360°) relative to the mean Sun. Multiplying the value in rad/s by Earth's equatorial radius of (WGS84 ellipsoid) (factors of 2π radians needed by both cancel) yields an equatorial speed of , or . Some sources state that Earth's equatorial speed is slightly less, or . This is obtained by dividing Earth's equatorial circumference by . However, the use of only one circumference unwittingly implies only one rotation in inertial space, so the corresponding time unit must be a sidereal hour. This is confirmed by multiplying by the number of sidereal days", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "361697", "text": "era. In the early first millennium BC, Babylonian astronomers observed that the Sun's motion along the ecliptic is not uniform, though they did not know why; it is today known that this is due to the movement of Earth in an elliptic orbit around the Sun, with Earth moving faster when it is nearer to the Sun at perihelion and moving slower when it is farther away at aphelion. One of the first people to offer a scientific or philosophical explanation for the Sun was the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras. He reasoned that it was not the chariot of Helios, but", "title": "Sun" }, { "id": "361633", "text": "approximately 25.6 days at the equator and 33.5 days at the poles. Viewed from Earth as it orbits the Sun, the \"apparent rotational period\" of the Sun at its equator is about 28 days. The solar constant is the amount of power that the Sun deposits per unit area that is directly exposed to sunlight. The solar constant is equal to approximately (watts per square meter) at a distance of one astronomical unit (AU) from the Sun (that is, on or near Earth). Sunlight on the surface of Earth is attenuated by Earth's atmosphere, so that less power arrives at", "title": "Sun" }, { "id": "1530071", "text": "Lunar day A lunar day is the period of time for Earth's Moon to complete one rotation on its axis with respect to the Sun. Due to tidal locking, it is also the time the Moon takes to complete one orbit around Earth and return to the same phase. A lunar month is the period between two new moons.A lunar month lasts about 29.5 solar days on earth. Relative to the fixed stars on the celestial sphere, the Moon takes 27 Earth days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, and 12 seconds to complete one orbit; however, since the Earth–Moon system advances", "title": "Lunar day" }, { "id": "2551462", "text": "one year. If the Earth orbited the Sun with a constant speed, in a circular orbit in a plane perpendicular to the Earth's axis, then the Sun would culminate every day at exactly the same time, and be a perfect time keeper (except for the very small effect of the slowing rotation of the Earth). But the orbit of the Earth is an ellipse not centered on the Sun, and its speed varies between 30.287 and 29.291 km/s, according to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and its angular speed also varies, and thus the Sun appears to move faster (relative", "title": "Equation of time" }, { "id": "16452627", "text": "Position of the Sun The position of the Sun in the sky is a function of both the time and the geographic location of observation on Earth's surface. As Earth orbits the Sun over the course of a year, the Sun appears to move with respect to the fixed stars on the celestial sphere, along a circular path called the ecliptic. Earth's rotation about its axis causes the fixed stars to apparently move across the sky in a way that depends on the observer's geographic latitude. The time when a given fixed star transits the observer's meridian depends on the", "title": "Position of the Sun" }, { "id": "7373714", "text": "once every 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds with respect to the stars (see below). Earth's rotation is slowing slightly with time; thus, a day was shorter in the past. This is due to the tidal effects the Moon has on Earth's rotation. Atomic clocks show that a modern day is longer by about 1.7 milliseconds than a century ago, slowly increasing the rate at which UTC is adjusted by leap seconds. Analysis of historical astronomical records shows a slowing trend of about 2.3 milliseconds per century since the 8th century BCE. Among the ancient Greeks, several of the", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "7373737", "text": "of the Earth's rotation is performed with very-long-baseline interferometry coordinated with the Global Positioning System, satellite laser ranging, and other satellite techniques. This provides an absolute reference for the determination of universal time, precession, and nutation. There are recorded observations of solar and lunar eclipses by Babylonian and Chinese astronomers beginning in the 8th century BCE, as well as from the medieval Islamic world and elsewhere. These observations can be used to determine changes in the Earth's rotation over the last 27 centuries, since the length of the day is a critical parameter in the calculation of the place and", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "5986853", "text": "years in Europe, and are passed down to Arabic and medieval European astronomers in his book the \"Almagest\". The Hindu cosmological time cycles explained in the \"Surya Siddhanta\", give the average length of the sidereal year (the length of the Earth's revolution around the Sun) as 365.2563627 days, which is only 1.4 seconds longer than the modern value of 365.256363004 days. This remains the most accurate estimate for the length of the sidereal year anywhere in the world for over a thousand years. Indian mathematician-astronomer Aryabhata, in his \"Aryabhatiya\" first identifies the force gravity to explain why objects do not", "title": "Timeline of astronomy" }, { "id": "4390053", "text": "Solar rotation Solar rotation varies with latitude because the Sun is composed of a gaseous plasma. The reason why different latitudes rotate at different periods is unknown. The rate of surface rotation is observed to be the fastest at the equator (latitude ) and to decrease as latitude increases. The solar rotation period is 24.47 days at the equator and almost 38 days at the poles. The differential rotation rate is usually described by the equation: where ω is the angular velocity in degrees per day, φ is the solar latitude and A, B, and C are constants. The values", "title": "Solar rotation" }, { "id": "11392341", "text": "Sun path Sun path, sometimes also called day arc, refers to the daily and seasonal arc-like path that the Sun appears to follow across the sky as the Earth rotates and orbits the Sun. The Sun's path affects the length of daytime experienced and amount of daylight received along a certain latitude during a given season. The relative position of the Sun is a major factor in the heat gain of buildings and in the performance of solar energy systems. Accurate location-specific knowledge of sun path and climatic conditions is essential for economic decisions about solar collector area, orientation, landscaping,", "title": "Sun path" }, { "id": "464813", "text": "sidereal year is the time taken for the Earth to complete one revolution of its orbit, as measured against a fixed frame of reference (such as the fixed stars, Latin \"sidera\", singular \"sidus\"). Its average duration is days (365 d 6 h 9 min 9.76 s) (at the epoch J2000.0 = January 1, 2000, 12:00:00 TT). Today the mean tropical year is defined as the period of time for the mean ecliptic longitude of the Sun to increase by 360 degrees. Since the Sun's ecliptic longitude is measured with respect to the equinox, the tropical year comprises a complete cycle", "title": "Year" }, { "id": "3609985", "text": "rate. The plane of the orbit is not fixed in space relative to the distant stars, but rotates slowly about the Earth's axis. Typical Sun-synchronous orbits around Earth are about 600–800 km in altitude, with periods in the 96–100-minute range, and inclinations of around 98°. This is slightly retrograde compared to the direction of Earth's rotation: 0° represents an equatorial orbit, and 90° represents a polar orbit. Sun-synchronous orbits can happen around other oblate planets, such as Mars. A satellite around the almost spherical Venus, for example, will need an outside push to maintain a Sun-synchronous orbit. The angular precession", "title": "Sun-synchronous orbit" }, { "id": "2937900", "text": "correct frame of reference is usually implicit and/or provided by context, simply \"at rest\". In reality, there is nothing at absolute rest. For example, Earth's gravitation constantly pulls objects toward its surface, while Earth is one of the objects the Sun constantly pulls towards itself, causing it to orbit the Sun; the Sun, in turn, orbits the center of the Milky Way; and so on. Given an inertial frame of reference, Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest, while the motion of a moving object will remain unchanged until acted upon by", "title": "Rest (physics)" }, { "id": "1277389", "text": "apparent motions of stars other than the Sun.) By the 1950s it had become clear that the Earth's rotation rate was not constant, so astronomers developed ephemeris time, a time scale based on the positions of solar system bodies in their orbits. The apparent sun is the true sun as seen by an observer on Earth. Apparent solar time or true solar time is based on the apparent motion of the actual Sun. It is based on the apparent solar day, the interval between two successive returns of the Sun to the local meridian. Solar time can be crudely measured", "title": "Solar time" }, { "id": "370614", "text": "day. It became apparent that a consensus of such clocks kept better time than the rotation of the Earth. Metrologists also knew that Earth's orbit around the Sun (a year) was much more stable than earth's rotation. This led to proposals as early as 1950 to define the second as a fraction of a year. The Earth's motion was described in Newcomb's Tables of the Sun (1895), which provided a formula for estimating the motion of the Sun relative to the epoch 1900 based on astronomical observations made between 1750 and 1892. This resulted in adoption of an ephemeris time", "title": "Second" }, { "id": "2253689", "text": "time. To keep the same local time on a given pass, the time period of the orbit must be kept as short as possible, this is achieved by keeping the orbit lower around Earth. However, very low orbits of a few hundred kilometers rapidly decay due to drag from the atmosphere. Commonly used altitudes are between 700 and 800 km, producing an orbital period of about 100 minutes. The half-orbit on the Sun side then takes only 50 minutes, during which local time of day does not vary greatly. To retain the Sun-synchronous orbit as Earth revolves around the Sun", "title": "Polar orbit" }, { "id": "1280482", "text": "Orbital period The orbital period is the time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object, and applies in astronomy usually to planets or asteroids orbiting the Sun, moons orbiting planets, exoplanets orbiting other stars, or binary stars. For objects in the Solar System, this is often referred to as the sidereal period, determined by a 360° revolution of one celestial body around another, e.g. the Earth orbiting the Sun. The name \"sidereal\" is added as it implies that the object returns to the same position relative to the fixed stars projected in the sky. When", "title": "Orbital period" }, { "id": "7373729", "text": "the precessing mean vernal equinox, named \"sidereal day\", is seconds of mean solar time (UT1) , mean solar days). Thus, the sidereal day is shorter than the stellar day by about . Both the stellar day and the sidereal day are shorter than the mean solar day by about . The mean solar day in SI seconds is available from the IERS for the periods and . Recently (1999–2010) the average annual length of the mean solar day in excess of 86,400 SI seconds has varied between and , which must be added to both the stellar and sidereal days", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "678548", "text": "Sidereal year A sidereal year (from Latin \"sidus\" \"asterism, star\") is the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun once with respect to the fixed stars. Hence, it is also the time taken for the Sun to return to the same position with respect to the fixed stars after apparently travelling once around the ecliptic. It equals for the J2000.0 epoch. The sidereal year differs from the tropical year, \"the period of time required for the ecliptic longitude of the sun to increase 360 degrees\", due to the precession of the equinoxes. The sidereal year is 20 min", "title": "Sidereal year" }, { "id": "111109", "text": "new moon to new moon, is 29.53 days. Viewed from the celestial north pole, the motion of Earth, the Moon, and their axial rotations are all counterclockwise. Viewed from a vantage point above the north poles of both the Sun and Earth, Earth orbits in a counterclockwise direction about the Sun. The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned: Earth's axis is tilted some 23.44 degrees from the perpendicular to the Earth–Sun plane (the ecliptic), and the Earth–Moon plane is tilted up to ±5.1 degrees against the Earth–Sun plane. Without this tilt, there would be an eclipse every two", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "596935", "text": "stars in the sky according to right ascension and declination, which are based on a frame that follows Earth's precession, and to keep track of Earth's rotation, through sidereal time, relative to this frame as well. In this reference frame, Earth's rotation is close to constant, but the stars appear to rotate slowly with a period of about 25,800 years. It is also in this reference frame that the tropical year, the year related to Earth's seasons, represents one orbit of Earth around the Sun. The precise definition of a sidereal day is the time taken for one rotation of", "title": "Sidereal time" }, { "id": "1531321", "text": "one sidereal day (the interval between like culminations of any reference star). The mean difference is 1/365.24219, since Earth takes 365.24219 days to complete one orbit around the Sun. From the tropics and middle latitudes, the Sun is visible in the sky at its upper culmination (at solar noon) and invisible (below the horizon) at its lower culmination (at solar midnight). When viewed from the region within either polar circle around the winter solstice of that hemisphere (the December solstice in the Arctic and the June solstice in the Antarctic), the Sun is below the horizon at both of its", "title": "Culmination" }, { "id": "361622", "text": "still glow and give off heat from its previous fusion. The enormous effect of the Sun on Earth has been recognized since prehistoric times, and the Sun has been regarded by some cultures as a deity. The synodic rotation of Earth and its orbit around the Sun are the basis of solar calendars, one of which is the predominant calendar in use today. The English proper name \"Sun\" developed from Old English \"sunne\" and may be related to \"south\". Cognates to English \"sun\" appear in other Germanic languages, including Old Frisian \"sunne\", \"sonne\", Old Saxon \"sunna\", Middle Dutch \"sonne\", modern", "title": "Sun" }, { "id": "1277386", "text": "hours later the shadow will again point north/south, the Sun seeming to have covered a 360-degree arc around the Earth's axis. When the Sun has covered exactly 15 degrees (1/24 of a circle, both angles being measured in a plane perpendicular to the Earth's axis), local apparent time is 13:00 exactly; after 15 more degrees it will be 14:00 exactly. The problem is that in September the Sun takes less time (as measured by an accurate clock) to make an apparent revolution than it does in December; 24 \"hours\" of solar time can be 21 seconds less or 29 seconds", "title": "Solar time" }, { "id": "7373738", "text": "time of eclipses. A change in day length of milliseconds per century shows up as a change of hours and thousands of kilometers in eclipse observations. The ancient data are consistent with a shorter day, meaning the Earth was turning faster throughout the past. The Earth's original rotation was a vestige of the original angular momentum of the cloud of dust, rocks, and gas that coalesced to form the Solar System. This primordial cloud was composed of hydrogen and helium produced in the Big Bang, as well as heavier elements ejected by supernovas. As this interstellar dust is heterogeneous, any", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "1277387", "text": "more than 24 hours of clock time. As explained in the equation of time article, this is due to the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit (i.e. the Earth's orbit is not perfectly circular, meaning that the Earth-Sun distance varies throughout the year), and the fact that the Earth's axis is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit (the so-called obliquity of the ecliptic). The effect of this is that a clock running at a constant rate – e.g. completing the same number of pendulum swings in each hour – cannot follow the actual Sun; instead it follows an imaginary", "title": "Solar time" }, { "id": "812977", "text": "of the Earth's orbit (the fact that the Earth's orbit about the Sun is not perfectly circular, but slightly elliptical) and the tilt (obliquity) of the Earth's rotational axis relative to the plane of its orbit. Therefore, sundial time varies from standard clock time. On four days of the year, the correction is effectively zero. However, on others, it can be as much as a quarter-hour early or late. The amount of correction is described by the equation of time. This correction is equal worldwide: it does not depend on the local latitude or longitude of the observer's position. It", "title": "Sundial" }, { "id": "2314772", "text": "because it was unclear which periods were important. Now, materials on Earth that have been unchanged for millennia (obtained via ice, rock, and deep ocean cores) are being studied to indicate the history of Earth's climate. Though they are consistent with the Milankovitch hypothesis, there are still several observations that the hypothesis does not explain. The Earth's rotation around its axis, and revolution around the Sun, evolve over time due to gravitational interactions with other bodies in the solar system. The variations are complex, but a few cycles are dominant. The Earth's orbit varies between nearly circular and mildly elliptical", "title": "Milankovitch cycles" }, { "id": "7094828", "text": "Effect of Sun angle on climate The amount of heat energy received at any location on the globe is a direct effect of Sun angle on climate, as the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth varies by location, time of day, and season due to the Earth's orbit around the Sun and the Earth's rotation around its tilted axis. Seasonal change in the angle of sunlight, caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis, is the basic mechanism that results in warmer weather in summer than in winter. Change in day length is another factor. (See also season.) When", "title": "Effect of Sun angle on climate" }, { "id": "1777729", "text": "orbit around the Sun. The Earth always points in the same direction as it moves around the Sun, so for half the year (summer in the Northern Hemisphere), the North Pole is pointed slightly toward the Sun, keeping it in daylight all the time because the Sun lights up the half of the Earth that is facing it (and the North Pole is always in that half due to the tilt). For the other half of the orbit, the South Pole is tilted slightly toward the Sun, and it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere. This means that at the", "title": "Spherical Earth" }, { "id": "1577554", "text": "Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise. In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the", "title": "Sunrise" }, { "id": "7373732", "text": "in one mean solar day, , which yields the equatorial speed in mean solar hours given above of . The tangential speed of Earth's rotation at a point on Earth can be approximated by multiplying the speed at the equator by the cosine of the latitude. For example, the Kennedy Space Center is located at latitude 28.59° N, which yields a speed of: cos 28.59° × = The Earth's rotation axis moves with respect to the fixed stars (inertial space); the components of this motion are precession and nutation. It also moves with respect to the Earth's crust; this is", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "12774148", "text": "southern hemispheres are alternately turned either toward or away from the sun depending on Earth's position in its orbit. The hemisphere turned toward the sun receives more sunlight and is in summer, while the other hemisphere receives less sun and is in winter (see solstice). At the equinoxes, the Earth's axis is perpendicular to the sun rather than tilted toward or away, meaning that day and night are both about 12 hours long across the whole of the Earth. The Equator lies mostly on the three largest oceans: the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. Near the", "title": "Equator" }, { "id": "2551498", "text": "by 720, the number of minutes (12 hours) that the Earth takes to rotate one half turn relative to the Sun, to get the equation of time. Compared with published values, this calculation has a root mean square error of only 3.7 s. The greatest error is 6.0 s. This is much more accurate than the approximation described above, but not as accurate as the elaborate calculation. The value of in the above calculation is an accurate value for the Sun's ecliptic longitude (shifted by 90°), so the solar declination becomes readily available: which is accurate to within a fraction", "title": "Equation of time" }, { "id": "3542851", "text": "orbit. The orbital ellipse goes through each of the six Earth images, which are sequentially the perihelion (periapsis — nearest point to the Sun) on anywhere from January 2 to January 5, the point of March equinox on March 19, 20, or 21, the point of June solstice on June 20, 21, or 22, the aphelion (apoapsis — farthest point from the Sun) on anywhere from July 3 to July 5, the September equinox on September 22, 23, or 24, and the December solstice on December 21, 22, or 23. The diagram shows an exaggerated shape of Earth's orbit; the", "title": "Earth's orbit" }, { "id": "596933", "text": "day is, therefore, nearly 4 minutes longer than a sidereal day. The stars are so far away that Earth's movement along its orbit makes nearly no difference to their apparent direction (see, however, parallax), and so they return to their highest point in a sidereal day. Another way to see this difference is to notice that, relative to the stars, the Sun appears to move around Earth once per year. Therefore, there is one fewer solar day per year than there are sidereal days. This makes a sidereal day approximately times the length of the 24-hour solar day, giving approximately", "title": "Sidereal time" }, { "id": "118685", "text": "year, the Sun moves a little less than 1° eastward every day. This small difference in the Sun's position against the stars causes any particular spot on Earth's surface to catch up with (and stand directly north or south of) the Sun about four minutes later each day than it would if Earth would not orbit; a day on Earth is therefore 24 hours long rather than the approximately 23-hour 56-minute sidereal day. Again, this is a simplification, based on a hypothetical Earth that orbits at uniform speed around the Sun. The actual speed with which Earth orbits the Sun", "title": "Ecliptic" }, { "id": "12860", "text": "barycentric dynamical time, TDB). This is because the distance between Earth and the Sun is not fixed (it varies between and ) and, when Earth is closer to the Sun (perihelion), the Sun's gravitational field is stronger and Earth is moving faster along its orbital path. As the metre is defined in terms of the second and the speed of light is constant for all observers, the terrestrial metre appears to change in length compared to the \"planetary metre\" on a periodic basis. The metre is defined to be a unit of proper length, but the SI definition does not", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "id": "7373735", "text": "rotational velocity must have decreased more slowly in the past. Empirical data tentatively shows a sharp increase in rotational deceleration about 600Myr ago. Some models suggest that the Earth maintained a constant day length of 21 hours throughout much of the Precambrian. This day length corresponds to the semidiurnal resonant period of the thermally-driven atmospheric tide; at this day length, the decelerative lunar torque could have been canceled by an accelerative torque from the atmospheric tide, resulting in no net torque and a constant rotational period. This stabilizing effect could have been broken by a sudden change in global temperature.", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "361688", "text": "general vicinity as the Sun. The Sun's orbit around the Milky Way is perturbed due to the non-uniform mass distribution in Milky Way, such as that in and between the galactic spiral arms. It has been argued that the Sun's passage through the higher density spiral arms often coincides with mass extinctions on Earth, perhaps due to increased impact events. It takes the Solar System about 225–250 million years to complete one orbit through the Milky Way (a \"galactic year\"), so it is thought to have completed 20–25 orbits during the lifetime of the Sun. The orbital speed of the", "title": "Sun" }, { "id": "7745020", "text": "relative to a fixed frame of reference. This is known as the sidereal month. However, during one sidereal month, Earth has revolved part way around the Sun, making the average time between one new moon and the next longer than the sidereal month: it is approximately 29.5 days. This is known as the synodic month and corresponds to what is commonly called the lunar month. The Moon crosses from south to north of the ecliptic at its ascending node, and vice versa at its descending node. However, the nodes of the Moon's orbit are gradually moving in a retrograde motion,", "title": "Solar eclipse" }, { "id": "11392342", "text": "summer shading, and the cost-effective use of solar trackers. Sun paths at any latitude and any time of the year can be determined from basic geometry. The Earth's axis of rotation tilts about 23.5 degrees, relative to the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun. As the Earth orbits the Sun, this creates the 47° declination difference between the solstice sun paths, as well as the hemisphere-specific difference between summer and winter. In the Northern Hemisphere, the winter sun (November, December, January) rises in the southeast, transits the celestial meridian at a low angle in the south (more than 43°", "title": "Sun path" }, { "id": "2977128", "text": "orbits, Sun-synchronous orbits, have orbital periods that are a fraction of a synodic day. Combined with a nodal precession, this allows them to always pass over a location on Earth's surface at the same mean solar time. The synodic day is not constant, and changes in length slightly over the course of the year due to the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit around the sun. This change accounts for some of the difference between the \"mean\" and \"apparent\" solar time in the equation of time. Evidence for this motion can be seen in Earth's analemma. Synodic day A synodic day", "title": "Synodic day" }, { "id": "370601", "text": "from the next by only a small amount; 15 minutes is a cumulative difference over a part of the year. The effect is due chiefly to the obliqueness of earth's axis with respect to its orbit around the sun. The difference between apparent solar time and mean time was recognized by astronomers since antiquity, but prior to the invention of accurate mechanical clocks in the mid-17th century, sundials were the only reliable timepieces, and apparent solar time was the generally accepted standard. Fractions of a second are usually denoted in decimal notation, for example 2.01 seconds, or two and one", "title": "Second" }, { "id": "432496", "text": "became widespread in the early 19th century, each city began to use some local mean solar time. Apparent and mean solar time can differ by up to around 15 minutes (as described by the equation of time) because of the elliptical shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun (eccentricity) and the tilt of the Earth's axis (obliquity). Mean solar time has days of equal length, and the difference between the two sums to zero after a year. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was established in 1675, when the Royal Observatory was built, as an aid to mariners to determine longitude", "title": "Time zone" }, { "id": "1277133", "text": "equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole. It divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Of the parallels or circles of latitude, it is the longest, and the only 'great circle' (a circle on the surface of the Earth, centered on Earth's center). All the other parallels are smaller and centered only on Earth's axis. The Arctic Circle is the southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24 hours (at the June and December solstices respectively). Similarly, the Antarctic Circle marks the northernmost", "title": "Circle of latitude" }, { "id": "7373739", "text": "asymmetry during gravitational accretion resulted in the angular momentum of the eventual planet. However, if the giant-impact hypothesis for the origin of the Moon is correct, this primordial rotation rate would have been reset by the Theia impact 4.5 billion years ago. Regardless of the speed and tilt of the Earth's rotation before the impact, it would have experienced a day some five hours long after the impact. Tidal effects would then have slowed this rate to its modern value. Earth's rotation Earth's rotation is the rotation of Planet Earth around its own axis. Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion.", "title": "Earth's rotation" }, { "id": "6210607", "text": "moment in time at which the sun passes through the sight tube on its descent from Zenith between a half-hour and hour later, the two times can be averaged to obtain a longitude sufficiently accurate for navigation (within 2nmi). Unfortunately, the Earth does not make a perfect circular orbit around the Sun. Due to the elliptical nature of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, the speed of the Sun’s apparent orbit around the Earth varies throughout the year and that causes it to appear to speed up and slow down very slightly. Consequently, noon at the Prime Meridian is rarely", "title": "Longitude by chronometer" }, { "id": "13939552", "text": "Egypt. The seasons result from the Earth's axis of rotation being tilted with respect to its orbital plane by an angle of approximately 23.4 degrees. (This tilt is also known as \"obliquity of the ecliptic\".) Regardless of the time of year, the northern and southern hemispheres always experience opposite seasons. This is because during summer or winter, one part of the planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the Sun (see \"Fig. 1\") than the other, and this exposure alternates as the Earth revolves in its orbit. For approximately half of the year (from around March 20 to", "title": "Season" }, { "id": "361631", "text": "July. At this average distance, light travels from the Sun's horizon to Earth's horizon in about 8 minutes and 19 seconds, while light from the closest points of the Sun and Earth takes about two seconds less. The energy of this sunlight supports almost all life on Earth by photosynthesis, and drives Earth's climate and weather. The Sun does not have a definite boundary, but its density decreases exponentially with increasing height above the photosphere. For the purpose of measurement, however, the Sun's radius is considered to be the distance from its center to the edge of the photosphere, the", "title": "Sun" }, { "id": "800302", "text": "of the Sun relative to the backdrop of the stars at some seasonally fixed time slowly regresses a full 360° through all twelve traditional constellations of the zodiac, at the rate of about 50.3 seconds of arc per year, or 1 degree every 71.6 years. At present, the rate of precession corresponds to a period of 25,772 years, but the rate itself varies somewhat with time (see Values below), so one cannot say that in exactly 25,772 years the earth's axis will be back to where it is now. For further details, see Changing pole stars and Polar shift and", "title": "Axial precession" }, { "id": "18958251", "text": "approximately 5778 K () and \"V\" indicates that the Sun, like most stars, is a main-sequence star, and thus generates its energy via fusing hydrogen into helium. In its core, the Sun fuses about 620 million metric tons of hydrogen each second. The Earth's mean distance from the Sun is approximately , though the distance varies as the Earth moves from perihelion in January to aphelion in July. At this average distance, light travels from the Sun to Earth in about 8 minutes, 19 seconds. The energy of this sunlight supports almost all life on Earth by photosynthesis, and drives", "title": "Solar phenomena" } ]

[ "Thomas Jefferson", "James Madison" ]

[ { "id": "8133638", "text": "John Lothropp Rev. John Lothropp (1584–1653) — sometimes spelled Lothrop or Lathrop — was an English Anglican clergyman, who became a Congregationalist minister and emigrant to New England. He was among the first settlers of Barnstable, Massachusetts. Perhaps Lothropp's principal claim to fame is that he was a strong proponent of the idea of the Separation of Church and State (also called \"Freedom of Religion\"). This idea was considered heretical in England during his time, but eventually became the mainstream view of people in the United States of America, because of the efforts of John Lothropp and others. Lothropp left", "title": "John Lothropp" }, { "id": "2977215", "text": "Separation of church and state in the United States \"Separation of church and state\" is paraphrased from Thomas Jefferson and used by others in expressing an understanding of the intent and function of the Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution which reads: \"\"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...\"\" The phrase \"separation between church & state\" is generally traced to a by Thomas Jefferson, addressed to the Danbury Baptist Association in Connecticut, and published in a Massachusetts newspaper. Jefferson wrote, Some argue", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "1450038", "text": "as England; Puritan Massachusetts, for example, did not allow standard Church of England worship. Some of these people voluntarily sailed to the American Colonies specifically for this purpose. After the American Colonies famously revolted against George III of the United Kingdom, the Constitution of United States was specifically amended to ban the establishment of religion by Congress. The concept of separating church and state is often credited to the writings of English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). According to his principle of the social contract, Locke argued that the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience, as this was", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977280", "text": "separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court. The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education. Jeffries and Ryan argue that these two propositions—that public aid should not go to religious schools and that public schools should not be religious—make up the separationist position of the modern Establishment Clause. Jeffries and Ryan argue that no-aid position drew support from a coalition of separationist opinion. Most important was \"the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977218", "text": "and the proper extent of separation between government and religion in the U.S. remains an ongoing subject of impassioned debate. Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common background, the groups' views on religious toleration were mixed. While some such as Roger Williams of Rhode Island and William Penn of Pennsylvania ensured the protection of religious minorities within their colonies, others like the", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "1450040", "text": "18th century, the ideas of Locke and Bayle, in particular the separation of Church and State, became more common, promoted by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. Montesquieu already wrote in 1721 about religious tolerance and a degree of separation between religion and government. Voltaire defended some level of separation but ultimately subordinated the Church to the needs of the State while Denis Diderot, for instance, was a partisan of a strict separation of Church and State, saying \"\"the distance between the throne and the altar can never be too great\"\". In English, the exact term is an offshoot", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "1450106", "text": "Church and state. In its 1870 General Assembly, the Presbyterian Church in the United States stated: The first full articulation of the Catholic doctrine on the principles of the relationship of the Catholic Church to the state (at the time, the Eastern Roman Empire) is contained in the document Famuli vestrae pietatis, written by Pope Gelasius I to the Emperor, which states that the Church and the state should work together in society, that the state should recognize the Church's role in society, with the Church holding superiority in moral matters and the state having superiority in temporal matters. Monsignor", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "1450096", "text": "letter, referencing the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, Jefferson writes: Another early user of the term was James Madison, the principal drafter of the United States Bill of Rights. In a 1789 debate in the House of Representatives regarding the draft of the First Amendment, the following was said: Madison contended \"Because if Religion be exempt from the authority of the Society at large, still less can it be subject to that of the Legislative Body.\" Several years later he wrote of \"total separation of the church from the state.\" \"Strongly guarded as is the separation between Religion", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "1450092", "text": "advocating a \"hedge or wall of Separation between the Garden of the Church and the Wilderness of the world\" in order to keep the church pure. Through his work Rhode Island's charter was confirmed by King Charles II of England, which explicitly stated that no one was to be \"molested, punished, disquieted, or called in question, for any differences in opinion, in matters of religion.\" Williams is credited with helping to shape the church and state debate in England, and influencing such men as John Milton and particularly John Locke, whose work was studied closely by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison,", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977229", "text": "Religious Freedom was enacted in 1786, five years before the Bill of Rights. Most Anglican ministers, and many Anglicans, were Loyalists. The Anglican establishment, where it had existed, largely ceased to function during the American Revolution, though the new States did not formally abolish and replace it until some years after the Revolution. The phrase \"[A] hedge or \"wall of separation\" between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world\" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book \"The Bloody Tenent of Persecution\". The phrase", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "4998454", "text": "of religious doctrine and practice. This doctrine, known as the \"wall of separation\" or \"strict separationism,\" would later become highly influential in 20th century Supreme Court understandings of the relationship between church and state. The phrase \"separation of church and state\" does not appear in the United States Constitution, despite its wide use and origin from a founding father. The relevance of this reply is a subject of heated debate, with scholars such as Robert Boston emphasizing its importance, and others such as Mark David Hall arguing that the letter was a historical outlier. In the U.S. today, a group", "title": "Baptists in the history of separation of church and state" }, { "id": "1450090", "text": "law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.\" However, the phrase \"separation of church and state\" itself does not appear in the United States Constitution. The phrase of Jefferson (see above) was quoted by the United States Supreme Court first in 1878, and then in a series of cases starting in 1947. The Supreme Court did not consider the question of how this applied to the states until 1947; when they did, in \"Everson v. Board of Education\", the court incorporated the establishment clause, determining that it applied to the states and that a law enabling", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "1450098", "text": "originally authored by Jefferson and championed by Madison, and guaranteeing that no one may be compelled to finance any religion or denomination. Under the United States Constitution, the treatment of religion by the government is broken into two clauses: the establishment clause and the free exercise clause. Both are discussed in regard to whether certain state actions would amount to an impermissible government establishment of religion. The phrase was also mentioned in an eloquent letter written by President John Tyler on July 10, 1843. During the 1960 presidential campaign the potential influence of the Catholic Church on John F. Kennedy's", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "1450095", "text": "submitted by President Adams and unanimously ratified by the Senate. In the 1892 case \"Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States\", Supreme Court Justice David Brewer wrote for a unanimous Court that \"no purpose of action against religion can be imputed to any legislation, state or national, because this is a religious people. ... [T]his is a Christian nation.\" Legal historian Paul Finkelman writes that: The phrase \"separation of church and state\" is derived from a letter written by President Thomas Jefferson in 1802 to Baptists from Danbury, Connecticut, and published in a Massachusetts newspaper soon thereafter. In that", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977250", "text": "used to harm religious practice. Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause completely because it could preempt the religious clauses in the state constitutions. However, the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in persuading the House of Representatives to drop the clause from the first amendment. The Senate went through several more narrowly targeted versions before reaching the contemporary language. One version read, \"Congress shall", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "10436895", "text": "still required to pay fees to support the Congregationalist majority. The Baptists found this intolerable. The Baptists, well aware of Jefferson's own unorthodox beliefs, sought him as an ally in making all religious expression a fundamental human right and not a matter of government largesse. In his January 1, 1802, reply to the Danbury Baptist Association Jefferson summed up the First Amendment's original intent, and used for the first time anywhere a now-familiar phrase in today's political and judicial circles: the amendment established a \"wall of separation between church and state.\" Largely unknown in its day, this phrase has since", "title": "Christianity in the United States" }, { "id": "4998451", "text": "Baptists in the history of separation of church and state Separation of church and state is one of the primary theological distinctions of the Baptist tradition. Originally, Baptists supported separation of church and state in England and America. Some important Baptist figures in the struggle were John Smyth, Thomas Helwys, Edward Wightman, Leonard Busher, Roger Williams (who was a Baptist for a short period but became a \"Seeker\"), John Clarke, Isaac Backus, and John Leland. In 1612 John Smyth wrote, \"the magistrate is not by virtue of his office to meddle with religion, or matters of conscience\". That same year,", "title": "Baptists in the history of separation of church and state" }, { "id": "1450100", "text": "Utah territory who claimed polygamy was an aspect of their religious freedom. The Court used the phrase again by Justice Hugo Black in 1947 in \"Everson\". In a minority opinion in \"Wallace v. Jaffree\", Justice Rehnquist presented the view that the establishment clause was intended to protect local establishments of religion from federal interference. Rehnquist made numerous citations of cases that rebutted the idea of a total wall of separation between Church and State. A result of such reasoning was Supreme Court support for government payments to faith-based community projects. Justice Scalia has criticized the metaphor as a bulldozer removing", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "15313577", "text": "The Baptists, well aware of Jefferson's own unorthodox beliefs, sought him as an ally in making all religious expression a fundamental human right and not a matter of government largesse. In his January 1, 1802 reply to the Danbury Baptist Association Jefferson summed up the First Amendment's original intent, and used for the first time anywhere a now-familiar phrase in today's political and judicial circles: the amendment established a \"wall of separation between church and state.\" Largely unknown in its day, this phrase has since become a major Constitutional issue. The first time the U.S. Supreme Court cited that phrase", "title": "History of Protestantism in the United States" }, { "id": "2977224", "text": "and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of the outward state of Holland, so love, peace and liberty, extending to all in Christ Jesus, condemns hatred, war and bondage.\" The document was signed December 27, 1657 by a group of English citizens in America who were affronted by persecution of Quakers and the religious policies of the Governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant. Stuyvesant had formally banned all religions other than the Dutch Reformed Church from being practiced in the colony, in accordance with the", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "1450091", "text": "reimbursement for busing to all schools (including parochial schools) was constitutional. Prior to its incorporation, unsuccessful attempts were made to amend the constitution to explicitly apply the establishment clause to states in the 1870s and 1890s. The concept was implicit in the flight of Roger Williams from religious oppression in the Massachusetts Bay Colony to found the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations on the principle of state neutrality in matters of faith. Williams was motivated by historical abuse of governmental power, and believed that government must remove itself from anything that touched upon human beings' relationship with God,", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "1450035", "text": "the beginning of the modern conception of separation of church and state. Those of the Radical Reformation (the Anabaptists) took Luther's ideas in new direction, most notably in the writings of Michael Sattler (1490–1527), who agreed with Luther that there were two kingdoms, but differed in arguing that these two kingdoms should be separate, and hence baptized believers should not vote, serve in public office or participate in any other way with the \"kingdom of the world.\" While there was a diversity of views in the early days of the Radical Reformation, in time Sattler's perspective became the normative position", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "14142362", "text": "political principle which advocates derive from the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads, \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof\". The phrase \"separation of church and state\", which does not appear in the Constitution itself, is generally traced to an 1802 letter by Thomas Jefferson to the Danbury Baptists, where Jefferson spoke of the combined effect of the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. It has since been quoted in several opinions handed down by the United States Supreme Court. Robert N. Bellah", "title": "Religion and politics in the United States" }, { "id": "1450039", "text": "something rational people could not cede to the government for it or others to control. For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he argued must therefore remain protected from any government authority. These views on religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience, along with his social contract, became particularly influential in the American colonies and the drafting of the United States Constitution. At the same period of the 17th century, Pierre Bayle and some fideists were forerunners of the separation of Church and State, maintaining that faith was independent of reason. During the", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977252", "text": "clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to hold the Bill of Rights applicable to the states—these state churches could not be reestablished today. Yet the provisions of state constitutions protected religious liberty, particularly the so-called freedom of conscience. During the nineteenth century (and before the incorporation of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution through the Fourteenth Amendment), litigants turned to these provisions to challenge Sunday laws (blue laws), bible-reading in schools, and other ostensibly religious regulations. David Sehat, professor of American Intellectual and Cultural History at Georgia State University, writes that: The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "1450042", "text": "an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,' thus building a wall of separation between Church and State. Jefferson was describing to the Baptists that the United States Bill of Rights prevents the establishment of a national church, and in so doing they did not have to fear government interference in their right to expressions of religious conscience. The Bill of Rights, adopted in 1791 as ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States, was one of the earliest political expressions of religious freedom. Others were the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, also authored by Jefferson and", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977237", "text": "definition for the word \"religion\". Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's \"Letter to the Danbury Baptists\" to state that \"Congress was deprived of all legislative power over mere opinion, but was left free to reach actions which were in violation of social duties or subversive of good order.\" Considering this, the court ruled that outlawing polygamy was constitutional. Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "12855412", "text": "and ward, Peter Carr, who was at school, Jefferson offered the following advice: Following the 1800 campaign, Jefferson became more reluctant to have his religious opinions discussed in public. He often added requests at the end of personal letters discussing religion that his correspondents be discreet regarding its contents. Jefferson sought what he called a \"wall of separation between Church and State\", which he believed was a principle expressed by the First Amendment. Jefferson's phrase has been cited several times by the Supreme Court in its interpretation of the Establishment Clause, including in cases such as \"Reynolds v. United States\"", "title": "Religious views of Thomas Jefferson" }, { "id": "2977285", "text": "Isaac Bachus and John Leland joined forces with Deists and skeptics such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson to fight for a complete separation of church and state.\" On the other hand, Charles C. Haynes noted in \"The Washington Post\" that: Robert N. Bellah has written that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term \"Civil Religion\" to describe the specific relation between politics and religion in the United", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "1450119", "text": "as one cause of the civil war in Spain and Mexico. The French Catholic philosopher and drafter of the \"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\", Jacques Maritain, noted the distinction between the models found in France and in the mid-twentieth century United States. He considered the U.S. model of that time to be more amicable because it had both \"sharp distinction and actual cooperation\" between church and state, what he called a \"historical treasure\" and admonished the United States, \"Please to God that you keep it carefully, and do not let your concept of separation veer round to the European one.\"", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977255", "text": "U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, \"The word 'religion' is not defined in the Constitution. We must go elsewhere, therefore, to ascertain its meaning, and nowhere more appropriately, we think, than to the history of the times in the midst of which the provision was adopted.\" The court found that the leaders in advocating and formulating the constitutional guarantee of religious liberty were James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. Quoting the \"separation\" paragraph from Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptists, the court", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "1450116", "text": "on matters it considers relevant. For example, the Catholic bishops in the United States adopted a plan in the 1970s calling for efforts aimed at a Constitutional amendment providing \"protection for the unborn child to the maximum degree possible\". Benedict XVI regards modern idea of freedom (meaning the Church should be free from governmental coercion and overtly political influence from the state) as a legitimate product of the Christian environment, in a similar way to Jacques Le Goff. However, contrary to the French historian, the Pope rejects the conception of religion as just a private affair. Scholars have distinguished between", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "8961414", "text": "wrote that the First Amendment erected a \"wall of separation between church and state\" likely borrowing the language from Roger Williams, founder of the First Baptist Church in America and the Colony of Rhode Island, who used the phrase in his 1644 book, \"The Bloody Tenent of Persecution\". James Madison, often regarded as the \"Father of the Bill of Rights\", also often wrote of the \"perfect separation\", \"line of separation\", \"strongly guarded as is the separation between religion and government in the Constitution of the United States\", and \"total separation of the church from the state\". Controversy rages in the", "title": "Freedom of religion in the United States" }, { "id": "1450120", "text": "Alexis de Tocqueville, another French observer tended to make the same distinction, \"In the U.S., from the beginning, politics and religion were in accord, and they have not ceased to be so since.\" Separation of church and state The separation of church and state is a philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the nation state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular state (with or without legally explicit church–state separation) and to disestablishment, the changing of an existing, formal relationship between the church and the state. In a", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "17579619", "text": "Conrad Henry Moehlman Conrad Henry Moehlman (May 26, 1879 – September 19, 1961) was an American professor of church history at Colgate Rochester Divinity School, where he was emeritus professor. A Baptist and known as theologically liberal, he was a strong proponent of the separation of church and state and wrote a number of books religion and education, church history and Christianity. Moehlman was born in Meriden, Connecticut. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1902 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He received a Bachelor of Divinity degree from the Baptist Rochester Theological Seminary in 1905 and two", "title": "Conrad Henry Moehlman" }, { "id": "2977223", "text": "rule. In Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American Revolutionary War, the British ceded both East and West Florida back to Spain (see Spanish Florida). Tithes for the support of the Anglican Church in Virginia were suspended in 1776, and never restored. 1786 is the date of the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom, which prohibited any coercion to support any religious body. The Library of Congress states that: The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: \"The law of love, peace", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977249", "text": "the establishment clause, Rep. Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts took issue with Madison's language regarding whether the government was a national government, or a federal government]] (in which the states retained their individual sovereignty), which Baker suggests compelled Madison to withdraw his language from the debate. Following the argument between Madison and Gerry, Rep. Samuel Livermore of New Hampshire proposed language stating that, \"Congress shall make no laws touching religion or the rights of conscience.\" This raised an uproar from members, such as Rep. Benjamin Huntingdon of Connecticut and Rep. Peter Sylvester of New York, who worried the language could be", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977236", "text": "views on the separation of church and state;\" however, others point to Jefferson's support for a scheme in which students at the university would attend religious worship each morning as evidence that his views were not consistent with strict separation. Still other scholars, such as Mark David Hall, attempt to sidestep the whole issue by arguing that American jurisprudence focuses too narrowly on this one Jeffersonian letter while failing to account for other relevant history Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case \"Reynolds v. U.S.\", in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "1450031", "text": "social shift that produced a culturally secular population and public sphere. In practice, church–state separation varies from total separation, mandated by the country's political constitution, as in India and Singapore, to a state religion, as in the Maldives. An important contributor to the discussion concerning the proper relationship between Church and state was St. Augustine, who in \"The City of God\", Book XIX, Chapter 17, examined the ideal relationship between the \"earthly city\" and the \"city of God\". In this work, Augustine posited that major points of overlap were to be found between the \"earthly city\" and the \"city of", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977248", "text": "not establish a religion, and enforce the legal observation of it by law, nor compel men to worship God in any manner contrary to their conscience. ...\" Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a \"national religion\"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general \"religion\" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists, the very word \"national\" was a cause for alarm because of the experience under the British crown. During the debate over", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977217", "text": "and effect of the [First] Amendment.\" In \"Everson v. Board of Education\" (1947), Justice Hugo Black wrote: \"In the words of Thomas Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state.\" In contrast to separationism, the Supreme Court in \"Zorach v. Clauson\" upheld accommodationism, holding that the nation's \"institutions presuppose a Supreme Being\" and that government recognition of God does not constitute the establishment of a state church as the Constitution's authors intended to prohibit. As such, the Court has not always interpreted the constitutional principle as absolute,", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977216", "text": "that Jefferson echoes the language of the founder of the first Baptist church in America, Roger Williams who, in 1644, wrote of However, when considered in context, the relationship appears questionable. Article Six of the United States Constitution also specifies that \"no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.\" Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In \"Reynolds v. United States\" (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments \"may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "8961400", "text": "Freedom of religion in the United States In the United States, freedom of religion is a constitutionally protected right provided in the religion clauses of the First Amendment. Freedom of religion is also closely associated with separation of church and state, a concept advocated by Colonial founders such as Dr. John Clarke, Roger Williams, William Penn and later founding fathers such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. The United States Constitution addresses the issue of religion in two places: in the First Amendment, and the Article VI prohibition on religious tests as a condition for holding public office. The First", "title": "Freedom of religion in the United States" }, { "id": "1450093", "text": "and other designers of the U.S. Constitution. Williams theologically derived his views mainly from Scripture and his motive is seen as religious, but Jefferson's advocation of religious liberty is seen as political and social. In 1783, the United States signed a treaty with Great Britain that was promulgated \"in the name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity\". It was dipped in religious language, crediting \"'Divine Providence' with having disposed the two parties to 'forget all past misunderstandings,' and is dated 'in the year of our Lord' 1783.\" In 1797, the United States Senate ratified a treaty with Tripoli that", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977230", "text": "was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists (a religious minority concerned about the dominant position of the Congregationalist church in Connecticut): Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between man and his god, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, and not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977247", "text": "separation, on indifference and hatred of the church, and of religion itself... The constitution did not create a nation, nor its religion and institutions. It found them already existing, and was framed for the purpose of protecting them under a republican form of government, in a rule of the people, by the people, and for the people. An August 15, 1789, entry in Madison's papers indicates he intended for the establishment clause to prevent the government imposition of religious beliefs on individuals. The entry says: \"Mr. Madison said he apprehended the meaning of the words to be, that Congress should", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "13338085", "text": "contains a strong implied warning to those pastors on the right who would politicize their churches. His 1977 study, \"Why Churches Should Not Pay Taxes\", is considered \"essential reading\" for those who support tax exemptions for religious organizations, according to James Dunn, executive director of the Baptist Joint Committee on Public Affairs. Strongly supporting the separation of church and state, he has said that the best thing government can do to help religion is \"leave it alone.\" Dean Kelley was born on June 1, 1926 in Cheyenne, Wyoming. He graduated from Denver University in 1946 and from the Iliff School", "title": "Dean M. Kelley" }, { "id": "1450034", "text": "Church led to power struggles and crises of leadership, notably in the Investiture Controversy, which was resolved in the Concordat of Worms in 1122. By this concordat, the Emperor renounced the right to invest ecclesiastics with ring and crosier, the symbols of their spiritual power, and guaranteed election by the canons of cathedral or abbey and free consecration. At the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther articulated a doctrine of the two kingdoms. According to James Madison, perhaps one of the most important modern proponents of the separation of church and state, Luther's doctrine of the two kingdoms marked", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "408550", "text": "and State.\" The phrase 'Separation of Church and State' has been cited several times by the Supreme Court in its interpretation of the Establishment Clause. Jefferson donated to the American Bible Society, saying the Four Evangelists delivered a \"pure and sublime system of morality\" to humanity. He thought Americans would rationally create \"Apiarian\" religion, extracting the best traditions of every denomination. And he contributed generously to several local denominations nearby Monticello. Acknowledging organized religion would always be factored into political life for good or ill, he encouraged reason over supernatural revelation to make inquiries into religion. He believed in a", "title": "Thomas Jefferson" }, { "id": "13148094", "text": "Amendment's original intent, and used for the first time anywhere a now-familiar phrase in today's political and judicial circles: the amendment established a \"wall of separation between church and state.\" Largely unknown in its day, this phrase has since become a major Constitutional issue. The first time the U.S. Supreme Court cited that phrase from Jefferson was in 1878, 76 years later. The Christianity of the black population was grounded in evangelicalism. The Second Great Awakening has been called the \"central and defining event in the development of Afro-Christianity.\" During these revivals Baptists and Methodists converted large numbers of blacks.", "title": "History of Christianity in the United States" }, { "id": "4998456", "text": "Liberty. Freedom of conscience is a historic Baptist distinctive, and many Baptists continue to believe the best course for obtaining and securing freedom of conscience is through the separation of church and state. Baptists in the history of separation of church and state Separation of church and state is one of the primary theological distinctions of the Baptist tradition. Originally, Baptists supported separation of church and state in England and America. Some important Baptist figures in the struggle were John Smyth, Thomas Helwys, Edward Wightman, Leonard Busher, Roger Williams (who was a Baptist for a short period but became a", "title": "Baptists in the history of separation of church and state" }, { "id": "19336511", "text": "Leo Pfeffer Leo Pfeffer (December 25, 1910 in Austria-Hungary — June 4, 1993 in Goshen, New York) was an American Jewish lawyer, constitutional scholar, and humanist who was active in movement for religious freedom in the United States, and was one of leading legal proponents of the separation of church and state. Pfeffer was born in Austria-Hungary and in 1912 emigrated to United States with his parents and siblings. After finishing his school, he studied at the City College of New York and after graduation continued in 1930-1933 at the New York University School of Law. He was raised a", "title": "Leo Pfeffer" }, { "id": "2731947", "text": "commentary on the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter. Jefferson's and Madison's conceptions of \"separation\" have long been debated. Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia and vetoed two bills on the grounds they violated the first amendment. After retiring from the presidency, Madison argued in his detached memoranda for a stronger separation of church and state, opposing the very presidential issuing of religious proclamations he himself had", "title": "History of religion in the United States" }, { "id": "2977232", "text": "letter to Virginia Baptists, Jefferson used the same theme: We have solved, by fair experiment, the great and interesting question whether freedom of religion is compatible with order in government and obedience to the laws. And we have experienced the quiet as well as the comfort which results from leaving every one to profess freely and openly those principles of religion which are the inductions of his own reason and the serious convictions of his own inquiries. Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of \"separation\" have long been debated. Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "428197", "text": "only to laws enacted by the Congress, and many of its provisions were interpreted more narrowly than they are today. Beginning with \"Gitlow v. New York\" (1925), the Supreme Court applied the First Amendment to states—a process known as incorporation—through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In \"Everson v. Board of Education\" (1947), the Court drew on Thomas Jefferson's correspondence to call for \"a wall of separation between church and State\", though the precise boundary of this separation remains in dispute. Speech rights were expanded significantly in a series of 20th and 21st-century court decisions which protected various", "title": "First Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "1450105", "text": "only Christian people, possibly in Christian communities, beyond which are the \"things which are Caesar's\" – . In its section on National Reform, the \"Book of Discipline\" of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection states, with respect to Church and state relations: As such, the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Church advocates for Bible reading in public schools, chaplaincies in the Armed Forces and in Congress, blue laws (reflecting historic Methodist belief in Sunday Sabbatarianism), and amendments that advance the recognition of God. The Reformed tradition of Christianity (Congregationalist, Continental Reformed, Presbyterian denominations) have also addressed the issue of the relationship between the", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "4088021", "text": "Thomas Helwys Thomas Helwys (c. 1575 – c. 1616), an Englishman, was one of the joint founders, with John Smyth, of the General Baptist denomination. In the early seventeenth century, Helwys was principal formulator of that distinctively Baptist request: that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, so that individuals might have a freedom of religious conscience. Thomas Helwys was an advocate of religious liberty at a time when to hold to such views could be dangerous. He died in prison as a consequence of the religious persecution of Protestant dissenters under King James I.", "title": "Thomas Helwys" }, { "id": "2977246", "text": "to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism. The First Congress' deliberations show that its understanding of the separation of church and state differed sharply from that of their contemporaries in Europe. As the 19th-century historian Philip Schaff observed: The American separation of church and state rests upon respect for the church; the [European anticlerical]", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977245", "text": "the United States\". Prior to the adoption of the Bill of Rights, this was the only mention of religion in the Constitution. The first amendment to the US Constitution states \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.\" The two parts, known as the \"establishment clause\" and the \"free exercise clause\" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the \"separation of church and state\" doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church-state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "4676113", "text": "public. Its original founding members were Charles Clayton Morrison, Glenn L. Archer, Edwin McNeill Poteat, G. Bromley Oxnam, and Joseph Martin Dawson. Americans United was one of three national organizations that opposed the teaching of intelligent design in Dover, Pa., public schools. A federal judge struck down the policy in December 2005 (see Kitzmiller v. Dover). More recently, Americans United has worked to secure marriage equality for gays and lesbians and has opposed religious freedom laws that would permit government officials, such as county clerks who issue marriage licenses, to refuse to serve the LGBT community. Americans United runs a", "title": "Americans United for Separation of Church and State" }, { "id": "2977282", "text": "faiths, even perhaps eclipsing the opposition of Roman Catholics. Critics of the modern concept of the \"separation of church and state\" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism. Briefs before the Supreme Court, including by the U.S. government, have argued that some state", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977284", "text": "opposed the Catholic Church when it has sought to tap into the public till to support its parochial schools or to argue for on-campus released time in the public schools. But that principled debate on the issues does not support a charge of religious bigotry\" Steven Waldman notes that; \"The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart.\" Frank Lambert wrote \"Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners. New Light evangelicals such as", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "9592038", "text": "interpreted more narrowly than they are today. In \"Everson v. Board of Education\" (1947), the Court drew on Thomas Jefferson's correspondence to call for \"a wall of separation between church and State\", though the precise boundary of this separation remains in dispute. Speech rights were expanded significantly in a series of 20th- and 21st-century court decisions that protected various forms of political speech, anonymous speech, campaign financing, pornography, and school speech; these rulings also defined a series of exceptions to First Amendment protections. The Supreme Court overturned English common law precedent to increase the burden of proof for libel suits,", "title": "United States Bill of Rights" }, { "id": "13594399", "text": "them the political capital to call a convention to draft a new state constitution. But Federalists were still strong and it was clear that a two-thirds majority could not be raised to pass a new constitution. Governor Wolcott appointed the Rev. Harry Croswell, of Trinity Episcopal Church on the Green, New Haven, to deliver the Annual Anniversary Sermon on May 14, 1818. The notorious Croswell, a political opponent of President Jefferson and a former Federalist, had renounced politics for religion. His sermon, strongly advocating the strict separation of church and state, was a success: shortly afterwards, the General Assembly voted", "title": "Toleration Party" }, { "id": "2977225", "text": "laws of the Dutch Republic. The signers indicated their \"desire therefore in this case not to judge lest we be judged, neither to condemn least we be condemned, but rather let every man stand or fall to his own Master.\" Stuyvesant fined the petitioners and threw them in prison until they recanted. However, John Bowne allowed the Quakers to meet in his home. Bowne was arrested, jailed, and sent to the Netherlands for trial; the Dutch court exonerated Bowne. New York Historical Society President and Columbia University Professor of History Kenneth T. Jackson describes the Flushing Remonstrance as \"the first", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "4421207", "text": "Black held, The New Jersey law was upheld, for it applied \"to all its citizens without regard to their religious belief.\" After \"Everson\", lawsuits in several states sought to disentangle public monies from religious teaching, the leading case being the 1951 Dixon School Case out of New Mexico. The Jefferson quotation cited in Black's opinion is from a Jefferson wrote in 1802 to the Baptists of Danbury, Connecticut, that there should be \"a wall of separation between church and state.\" Critics of Black's reasoning (most notably, former Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist) have argued that the majority of states did", "title": "Establishment Clause" }, { "id": "774791", "text": "Jerusalem with letters of safe passage to the governors in Trans-Euphrates, and to Asaph, keeper of the royal forests, to make beams for the citadel by the Temple and to rebuild the city walls. Roger Williams, a 17th-century Christian minister and founder of Rhode Island, interpreted several passages in the Old and New Testament to support limiting government interference in religious matters. Williams published \"The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience,\" arguing for a separation of church and state based on biblical reasoning. Williams believed that Israel was a unique covenant kingdom and not an appropriate model for", "title": "Artaxerxes I of Persia" }, { "id": "1450041", "text": "of the phrase, \"wall of separation between church and state\", as written in Thomas Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptist Association in 1802. In that letter, referencing the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, Jefferson writes: Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man & his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should 'make no law respecting", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977256", "text": "concluded that, \"coming as this does from an acknowledged leader of the advocates of the measure, it may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the amendment thus secured.\" The centrality of the \"separation\" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in \"Everson v. Board of Education\", 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first case in which the court applied the Establishment Clause to the", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977239", "text": "selectmen, usually Congregationalists, this system was open to abuse. It was abolished in 1833. The intervening period is sometimes referred to as an \"establishment of religion\" in Massachusetts. The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support \"some\" church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker, or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to choose their own church. The terms for the surrender of New Amsterdam had provided that the", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "395183", "text": "dowry accompanying Theodate Hussey - Bachiler's daughter. The chair subsequently remained in Bachiler's family for generations, being given to the museum in 2010. Stephen Bachiler Stephen Bachiler (23 June 1561 - 28 October 1656) was an English clergyman who was an early proponent of the separation of church and state in American Colonies. He is also known for starting such settlements as Hampton, New Hampshire. Bachiler was born about 1560 or 1561; he matriculated at Oxford University 17 November 1581, when it is believed he was 20. Also called age 70 on 23 June 1631 when he made a trip", "title": "Stephen Bachiler" }, { "id": "2977281", "text": "life,\" which sought to confine religion to a private sphere. Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported before 1970 by most Protestants (and most Jews), who opposed aid to religious schools, which were mostly Catholic at the time. After 1980, however, anti-Catholic sentiment has diminished among mainline Protestants, and the crucial coalition of public secularists and Protestant churches has collapsed. While mainline Protestant denominations are more inclined towards strict separation of church and state, much evangelical opinion has now largely deserted that position. As a consequence, strict separationism is opposed today by members of many Protestant", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "14142361", "text": "dominant Federalist Party was closely linked to the Congregational church; when the party collapsed, the church was disestablished. In 1800, and others elections, Federalists targeted infidelity in any form. They repeatedly charged that Republican candidates, especially Thomas Jefferson himself, were atheistic or nonreligious. Conversely, the Baptists, Methodists and other dissenters, and the religiously nonaligned, favored the Republican cause. The Baptists, in particular, made the disestablishment one of their founding principles. Hence Jefferson chose the Baptists of Connecticut to pronounce there should be a \"wall of separation\" between church and state. The separation of church and state is a legal and", "title": "Religion and politics in the United States" }, { "id": "1341859", "text": "Amendment, on the other hand, was influenced by the Petition of Right. Coke was also a strong influence on and mentor of Roger Williams, an English theologian who founded the Rhode Island colony in North America and was an early proponent of the doctrine of separation of church and state. Coke was noted as deriving great enjoyment from and working hard at the law, but enjoying little else. He was versed in the Latin classics and maintained a sizeable estate, but the law was his primary concern. Francis Bacon, his main competitor, was known as a philosopher and man of", "title": "Edward Coke" }, { "id": "2977243", "text": "every privilege and immunity, enjoyed by others their fellow subjects. This would permit a Test Act, but did not require one. The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for office. An oath had also been imposed on the militia during the French and Indian War requiring them to abjure the pretensions of the Pope, which", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "442975", "text": "in the Enlightenment\", begun by Bestermann as \"Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century\", which has reached more than 500 volumes. History Voltaire wrote between fifty and sixty plays, including a few unfinished ones. Among them are: Informational notes Citations Bibliography In French Primary sources Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778), known by his \"nom de plume\" Voltaire (; ), was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his criticism of Christianity, especially the Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state. Voltaire", "title": "Voltaire" }, { "id": "2977269", "text": "serve the secular purpose of improved scientific education. The display of the Ten Commandments as part of courthouse displays was considered in a group of cases decided in summer of 2005, including \"McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky\" and \"Van Orden v. Perry\". While parties on both sides hoped for a reformulation or clarification of the Lemon test, the two rulings ended with narrow 5–4 and opposing decisions, with Justice Stephen Breyer the swing vote. On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977262", "text": "government. The court noted that it \"is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America.\" The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the \"wall of separation\" metaphor: \"I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the \"wall of separation,\" a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution.\"", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "1450029", "text": "Separation of church and state The separation of church and state is a philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the nation state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular state (with or without legally explicit church–state separation) and to disestablishment, the changing of an existing, formal relationship between the church and the state. In a society, the degree of political separation between the church and the civil state is determined by the legal structures and prevalent legal views that define the proper relationship between organized religion and the", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2977226", "text": "thing that we have in writing in the United States where a group of citizens attests on paper and over their signature the right of the people to follow their own conscience with regard to God - and the inability of government, or the illegality of government, to interfere with that.\" Given the wide diversity of opinion on Christian theological matters in the newly independent American States, the Constitutional Convention believed a government sanctioned (established) religion would disrupt rather than bind the newly formed union together. George Washington wrote a letter in 1790 to the country's first Jewish congregation, the", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "4088032", "text": "their several dominions.\" — \"A Short Declaration of the Mistery of Iniquity\" Thomas Helwys Thomas Helwys (c. 1575 – c. 1616), an Englishman, was one of the joint founders, with John Smyth, of the General Baptist denomination. In the early seventeenth century, Helwys was principal formulator of that distinctively Baptist request: that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, so that individuals might have a freedom of religious conscience. Thomas Helwys was an advocate of religious liberty at a time when to hold to such views could be dangerous. He died in prison as a", "title": "Thomas Helwys" }, { "id": "2977228", "text": "at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state-sanctioned religion, saying: \"Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending of church and state together can be pleasing to him?\" He also observed that when \"church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not at all interfere with each other: but where they have been confounded together, no tongue nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued.\" Thomas Jefferson's influential Virginia Statute for", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977233", "text": "during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia. Madison issued four religious proclamations while President, but vetoed two bills on the grounds they violated the first amendment. On the other hand, both Jefferson and Madison attended religious services at the Capitol. Years before the ratification of the Constitution, Madison contended \"Because if Religion be exempt from the authority of the Society at large, still less can it be subject to that of the Legislative Body.\" After retiring from the presidency, Madison wrote of \"total separation of the church from the state.\" \"", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977278", "text": "punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words \"so help me God.\" In some cases these beliefs (or oaths) were historically required of jurors and witnesses in court. At one time, such restrictions were allowed under the doctrine of states' rights; today they are deemed to be in violation of the federal First Amendment, as applied to the states via the 14th amendment, and hence unconstitutional and unenforceable. Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property,", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "214363", "text": "with the rise of American resistance to British taxation, the \"Second Treatise\" gained a new readership; it was frequently cited in the debates in both America and Britain. The first American printing occurred in 1773 in Boston. Locke exercised a profound influence on political philosophy, in particular on modern liberalism. Michael Zuckert has argued that Locke launched liberalism by tempering Hobbesian absolutism and clearly separating the realms of Church and State. He had a strong influence on Voltaire who called him \"\"le sage\" Locke\". His arguments concerning liberty and the social contract later influenced the written works of Alexander Hamilton,", "title": "John Locke" }, { "id": "13101678", "text": "criminal cases. His article \"The Metaphorical Wall\" on the separation of Church and State was published in \"America\", the national Jesuit magazine, on January 17, 2005. Its theme was that the First Amendment is a prohibition against government, not religion, and fully protects religious exercise and speech. Harrington served as both U.S. Attorney and U.S. District Judge for the federal District of Massachusetts, a distinction held by only six other individuals since the District was established in 1789. Since 2015, Harrington has been engaged in the District Court's mediation program. Edward F. Harrington Edward Francis Harrington (born September 16, 1933)", "title": "Edward F. Harrington" }, { "id": "2977254", "text": "Education\" has affected the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to private religious schools, the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to the state governments. A more recent case involving the application of this principle against the states was \"Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet\" (1994). Jefferson's concept of \"separation of church and state\" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in \"Reynolds v. U.S.\", 98", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "2977286", "text": "States. His 1967 article analyzes the inaugural speech of John F. Kennedy: \"Considering the separation of church and state, how is a president justified in using the word 'God' at all? The answer is that the separation of church and state has not denied the political realm a religious dimension.\" Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "1450067", "text": "property. He disbanded religious orders and ordered the separation of church and state at Constitution of Mexico. In 1926, after several years of the Mexican revolutionary war and insecurity, President Plutarco Elías Calles, an atheist and leader of the ruling National Revolutionary Party, enacted the Calles Law, which eradicated all the personal property of the churches, closed churches that were not registered with the State, and prohibited clerics from holding a public office. The law was unpopular; and several protesters from rural areas, fought against federal troops in what became known as the Cristero War. After the war's end in", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "2731951", "text": "to churches. The phrase \"\"separation of church and state\"\" became a definitive part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in \"Everson v. Board of Education\", 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case that dealt with a state law that allowed government funds for transportation to religious schools. While the ruling upheld the state law allowing taxpayer funding of transportation to religious schools as constitutional, \"Everson\" was also the first case to hold the Establishment Clause applicable to the state legislatures as well as Congress, based upon the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1962, the Supreme Court extended this analysis to", "title": "History of religion in the United States" }, { "id": "1450052", "text": "were allowed to flourish, as the 1824 Constitution secured religious freedom. The fall of the Empire, in 1889, gave way to a Republican regime, and a Constitution was enacted in 1891, which severed the ties between church and state; Republican ideologues such as Benjamin Constant and Ruy Barbosa were influenced by laïcité in France and the United States. The 1891 Constitutional separation of Church and State has been maintained ever since. The current Constitution of Brazil, in force since 1988, ensures the right to religious freedom, bans the establishment of state churches and any relationship of \"dependence or alliance\" of", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "442886", "text": "Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778), known by his \"nom de plume\" Voltaire (; ), was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his criticism of Christianity, especially the Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state. Voltaire was a versatile and prolific writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays and historical and scientific works. He wrote more than 20,000 letters and more than 2,000 books and pamphlets. He was an outspoken advocate of civil liberties, despite", "title": "Voltaire" }, { "id": "6327735", "text": "Barry W. Lynn Barry W. Lynn (born 1948) was the executive director of Americans United for Separation of Church and State from 1992 to November 2017. He is an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ and a prominent leader of the religious left in the United States. He is known to be a strong advocate of separation of church and state. Barry Lynn was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, but his family moved to nearby Bethlehem when he was a child. He attended Bethlehem's Liberty High School, graduating in 1966. Lynn received his B.A. in 1970 from Dickinson College", "title": "Barry W. Lynn" }, { "id": "1450030", "text": "state. The arm's length principle proposes a relationship wherein the two political entities interact as organizations independent of the authority of the other. The strict application of secular principle of \"laïcité\" (secularity) is used in France, while secular societies, such as Denmark and the United Kingdom, maintain a form of constitutional recognition of an official state religion. The philosophy of the separation of the church from the civil state parallels the philosophies of secularism, disestablishmentarianism, religious liberty, and religious pluralism, by way of which the European states assumed some of the social roles of the church, the welfare state, a", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "428210", "text": "\"McCreary County v. ACLU\" (2005), and \"Salazar v. Buono\" (2010)—the Court considered the issue of religious monuments on federal lands without reaching a majority reasoning on the subject. \"Everson\" used the metaphor of a wall of separation between church and state, derived from the correspondence of President Thomas Jefferson. It had been long established in the decisions of the Supreme Court, beginning with \"Reynolds v. United States\" in 1879, when the Court reviewed the history of the early Republic in deciding the extent of the liberties of Mormons. Chief Justice Morrison Waite, who consulted the historian George Bancroft, also discussed", "title": "First Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "1450101", "text": "religion from American public life. Critics of the American Pledge of Allegiance have argued that the use of the phrase \"under God\" violates the separation of church and state. While the pledge was created by Francis Bellamy in 1891, in 1954, the Knights of Columbus, a Catholic organization, campaigned with other groups to have the words \"under God\" added to the pledge. On June 14, 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower signed the bill to make the addition. Since then, critics have challenged the existence of the phrase in the Pledge. In 2004, an atheist man challenged a Californian law which required", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "1450104", "text": "those above, some Protestants refuse to vote, carry arms, or participate in civil government in any way, often leading to their persecution, as happened to Anabaptists, their descendants including the Amish, Mennonites, and Quakers, in the 20th Century. Anabaptist and Jehovah's Witnesses, in many countries, believing by not participating they are closer to the Kingdom of God, since \"Jesus answered (Pilate), 'My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight (to defend him).' \" – John 18:36. For them, the term \"Christian nation\" cannot be a valid governmental position, leaving", "title": "Separation of church and state" }, { "id": "7077494", "text": "Baptist Church in Middleborough, Massachusetts. In 1764, Isaac Backus joined John Brown, Nicholas Brown, William Ellery, Stephen Hopkins, James Manning, Ezra Stiles, Samuel Stillman, Morgan Edwards and several others as an original fellow or trustee for the chartering of the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (the original name for Brown University), the first Baptist school of higher learning. Considered a leading orator of the \"pulpit of the American Revolution\", Backus published a sermon in 1773 that articulated his desire for religious liberty and a separation of church and state. Called \"An Appeal to the", "title": "Isaac Backus" }, { "id": "2977240", "text": "Dutch would have liberty of conscience, and the Duke, as an openly divine-right Catholic, was no friend of Anglicanism. The first Anglican minister in New Jersey arrived in 1698, though Anglicanism was more popular in New York. Connecticut had a real establishment of religion. Its citizens did not adopt a constitution at the Revolution, but rather amended their Charter to remove all references to the British Government. As a result, the Congregational Church continued to be established, and Yale College, at that time a Congregational institution, received grants from the State until Connecticut adopted a constitution in 1818 partly because", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "id": "13556911", "text": "John Langeloth Loeb Jr. John Langeloth Loeb Jr. (born May 2, 1930) is an American businessman, philanthropist, former United States Ambassador to Denmark, and former Delegate to the United Nations. He is an advocate for religious freedom and separation of church and state, having founded the George Washington Institute for Religious Freedom in 2009. Loeb continues to serve as chairman of the George Washington Institute. Loeb was born on May 2, 1930 in New York City. His parents were businessman John Langeloth Loeb Sr. (1902–1996) and Frances Lehman (1906–1996). Loeb's father and his paternal grandfather, Carl M. Loeb (1875–1955), were", "title": "John Langeloth Loeb Jr." } ]

[ "Gabrielle Union" ]

[ { "id": "2410020", "text": "10 Things I Hate About You 10 Things I Hate About You is a 1999 American teen romantic comedy-drama film directed by Gil Junger and starring Julia Stiles, Heath Ledger, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Larisa Oleynik. The screenplay, written by Karen McCullah and Kirsten Smith, is a loose modernization of William Shakespeare's late-16th century comedy \"The Taming of the Shrew\", retold in a late-1990s American high school setting. In the story, new student Cameron (Gordon-Levitt) is smitten with Bianca Stratford (Oleynik) and, in order to get around her father's strict rules on dating, attempts to get bad boy Patrick (Ledger) to", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "2410033", "text": "a rating of 6.1/10. The website's critical consensus was: \"Julia Stiles and Heath Ledger add strong performances to an unexpectedly clever script, elevating \"10 Things\" (slightly) above typical teen fare.\" \"10 Things I Hate About You\" was a breakthrough role for stars Stiles, Ledger, and Gordon-Levitt. Gordon-Levitt, Stiles, and Oleynik each received Young Star Award nominations for Best Actor/Actress in a Comedy Film. The movie was nominated for seven Teen Choice Awards: Choice Movie: Breakout Star (Stiles), Choice Movie: Comedy, Choice Movie: Funniest Scene (featuring Krumholtz), Choice Movie: Love Scene (featuring Stiles and Ledger), Choice Movie: Hissy Fit (Gordon-Levitt), Choice", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "9029493", "text": "starred as Lisa Hines in \"Prom Night\" (2008). Davis played Chastity Church in the ABC Family series \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (Gabrielle Union played the character in the film) appearing in all 20 episodes. According to series creator Carter Covington, Davis asked out of her contract after the 20 episodes to explore new career opportunities, so Chastity was written out as transferring to a new school; the show was cancelled shortly after the episode aired. Dana Davis Dana Davis (born October 4, 1978) is an American actress, known for playing Monica Dawson on the NBC series \"Heroes\" (2007),", "title": "Dana Davis" }, { "id": "2410021", "text": "date Bianca's ill-tempered sister, Kat Stratford (Stiles). The film is titled after a poem written by Kat about her bittersweet romance with Patrick. Much of the filming took place in the Seattle metropolitan area, with many scenes shot at Stadium High School in Tacoma. Released March 31, 1999, \"10 Things I Hate About You\" was number two at the domestic box office during its opening weekend, behind only \"The Matrix\", and was a moderate financial and critical success. It was a breakthrough role for Stiles, Ledger, and Gordon-Levitt, all of whom were nominated for various teen-oriented awards. Ten years later,", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "17894617", "text": "10 Things I Hate About Life 10 Things I Hate About Life is a cancelled/unfinished 2012 American romantic comedy film directed and written by Gil Junger and starring Evan Rachel Wood, Thomas McDonell and Billy Campbell. On May 9, 2012 it was announced that Gil Junger would direct the film from his own script, with Intandem Films and Mad Chance Productions producing the film; Andrew Lazar, who produced the original \"10 Things I Hate About You\" in 1999, would re-assume that role for this film. Vision Films acquired the distribution rights to the film. On May 9, 2012 Hayley Atwell", "title": "10 Things I Hate About Life" }, { "id": "17894613", "text": "10 Things I Hate About Life 10 Things I Hate About Life is a cancelled/unfinished 2012 American romantic comedy film directed and written by Gil Junger and starring Evan Rachel Wood, Thomas McDonell and Billy Campbell. On May 9, 2012 it was announced that Gil Junger would direct the film from his own script, with Intandem Films and Mad Chance Productions producing the film; Andrew Lazar, who produced the original \"10 Things I Hate About You\" in 1999, would re-assume that role for this film. Vision Films acquired the distribution rights to the film. On May 9, 2012 Hayley Atwell", "title": "10 Things I Hate About Life" }, { "id": "2410039", "text": "The physicality of Petruchio and Katherina is transformed into a playful paintball match; the prom substitutes for the Act V feast; Kat's poem replaces Katherina's famous Act V speech; and Joey Donner's wager over Bianca's virginity parallels the bet placed by Shakespeare's husbands regarding their partners' obedience. 10 Things I Hate About You 10 Things I Hate About You is a 1999 American teen romantic comedy-drama film directed by Gil Junger and starring Julia Stiles, Heath Ledger, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Larisa Oleynik. The screenplay, written by Karen McCullah and Kirsten Smith, is a loose modernization of William Shakespeare's late-16th century", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "9029491", "text": "Dana Davis Dana Davis (born October 4, 1978) is an American actress, known for playing Monica Dawson on the NBC series \"Heroes\" (2007), Chastity Church on the ABC Family television series \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (2009–10) and Carmen Phillips on the TNT series \"Franklin & Bash\" (2011-2013). Davis was born in Davenport, Iowa, and attended Davenport North High School. She is a skilled violinist and attended Loyola Marymount University, graduating with a degree in music in 2006. Davis appeared alongside teen actress Hilary Duff in \"Raise Your Voice\". She has also appeared in \"Veronica Mars\", \"That's So Raven\",", "title": "Dana Davis" }, { "id": "13024928", "text": "10 Things I Hate About You (TV series) 10 Things I Hate About You is an American television sitcom broadcast on ABC Family beginning in 2009. Developed by Carter Covington, the show is a half-hour, single camera series based on the 1999 film of the same name. It premiered on Tuesday, July 7, 2009 at 8 pm and brought in 1.60 million viewers, a record for a 30-minute comedy debut on the ABC Family network. Following its initial 10-episode run, a second set of 10 episodes aired from March 29, 2010 to May 24, 2010. On April 29, executive producer", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You (TV series)" }, { "id": "2410032", "text": "Andrew from \"Time Out\" praised the film's leads, stating \"Stiles grows into her character, and Ledger is effortlessly charming\". Brad Laidman from Film Threat said the film was \"pure of heart and perfectly executed.\" Ron Wells, another critic from Film Threat, expressed, \"Of all the teen films released this year, this one is, by far, the best.\" Roger Ebert gave the film two and a half stars out of four: \"Entertainment Weekly\" listed the film at #49 on its list of Best High School Movies. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film got a 61% from critics, based on 62 reviews, with", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "2410029", "text": "with the money that Joey paid him, and confesses that he has fallen for her. Kat forgives him, and the two reconcile with a kiss. Many of the scenes were filmed on location at Stadium High School and at a house in the Proctor District of Tacoma, Washington. The prom sequence was shot over three days in Seattle. Costume designer Kim Tillman designed original dresses for Larisa Oleynik and Julia Stiles as well as the period outfits for Susan May Pratt and David Krumholtz. Gabrielle Union's snakeskin prom dress is a Betsey Johnson design. Heath Ledger and Joseph Gordon-Levitt's vintage", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "2410031", "text": "in the United States and Canada, averaging $3,668 per venue, and ranking number two at the box office (behind \"The Matrix\"). It grossed a total of $38,178,166 in the United States and Canada and $15,300,000 in other territories, about $53,500,000 worldwide. The film had an estimated budget of $16 million and is considered a moderate financial and critical success. On October 12, 1999, the Region 1 DVD was released. In the box office, the film is number ten in teen romance, 18th in high school comedies, and ranked 96th in comedies. The film received generally positive feedback from critics. Geoff", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "13024931", "text": "over-protective dad (Larry Miller). Bianca tries everything to be popular and become a cheerleader – although getting involved with the boyfriend (Chris Zylka) of the most popular girl in school (Dana Davis) creates new challenges. In 2008, ABC Family announced their intention to create a comedy pilot based on the 1999 movie. The pilot was written by Carter Covington, a self-professed fan of the original 1999 film. ABC Family green-lit the comedy in October 2008. In November 2008, casting was announced for the pilot, with production following that fall. In February 2009, the pilot was picked up when ABC Family", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You (TV series)" }, { "id": "2410036", "text": "rock soundtracks of the spring 1999 season\". In June 1999, the Scholastic Corporation published a novelization of the story, adapted by David Levithan. The story is retold as it is in the film with each chapter written from the point of view of either Bianca, Cameron, Kat, Patrick, or Michael. In October 2008, ABC Family ordered a pilot episode of \"10 Things I Hate About You\", a half-hour, single-camera comedy series based on the feature film of the same name. Larry Miller is the only actor from the film to reprise his role in the television series. The director of", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "13024929", "text": "Carter Covington announced on his Twitter account that the series had been canceled by ABC Family due to low ratings. He later revealed his intended storylines for the next season in an interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\" Popwatch blog. The series is based on \"10 Things I Hate About You\", which is itself based on William Shakespeare's \"The Taming of the Shrew\". The Stratford sisters, Kat (Lindsey Shaw) and Bianca (Meaghan Martin), have just moved from Ohio to California. As they start at their new school (Padua High), they have very different goals. It's clear that one sister wants to stand", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You (TV series)" }, { "id": "13024935", "text": "\"not very inventive,\" and \"The New York Post\", whose mixed review concluded that the show is \"silly, mindless fun\" whose \"actors are all terrific in that silly, mindless fun way that Disney teens tend to be.\" Mike Hale from \"The New York Times\" named the show to his top ten in 2009, stating that \"in the dog days of July,\" the sitcom \"may have been the best thing on television.\" 10 Things I Hate About You (TV series) 10 Things I Hate About You is an American television sitcom broadcast on ABC Family beginning in 2009. Developed by Carter Covington,", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You (TV series)" }, { "id": "13024934", "text": "original film. \"10 Things\" has received a score of 66 out of 100 from review aggregator Metacritic. Several critics praised the series for containing clever dialogue and appealing and rooted characters. Brian Lowry of \"Variety\" described the show as \"a solid roll for the cable network that was once an albatross around the neck of parent Disney.\" One critic proclaimed the series as \"best thing that ABC Family has ever produced.\" Randee Dawn of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" thought that the series \"has genuine appeal.\" Less favorable reviews came from Alessandra Stanley of \"The New York Times\", who called the series", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You (TV series)" }, { "id": "14438244", "text": "Ally Maki Ally Maki is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Jess Kato in the TBS comedy series \"Wrecked\" (2016–present). Maki is known for appearing in the television film \"\" (2008), as well as her many cameo appearances in films and television series, such as \"Step Up 3D\" (2010). She had supporting roles in the comedy-drama films \"The Family Tree\" (2011) and \"Geography Club\" (2013). From 2009 to 2010, Maki had a recurring role as Dawn in the comedy-drama series \"10 Things I Hate About You\". She was in the final considerations to play the role", "title": "Ally Maki" }, { "id": "2410034", "text": "Movie: Villain (Gordon-Levitt) and Choice Movie: Soundtrack. The film's casting directors Marcia Ross and Donna Morong won \"Best Casting for Feature Film, Comedy\" at the Casting Society of America in 1999. In 2000, Stiles won the CFCA Award for \"Most Promising Actress\" for her role as Kat Stratford (tied with Émilie Dequenne in \"Rosetta\") and an MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Female Performance. The same year, Ledger was nominated for Best Musical Performance for the song \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You.\" The soundtrack album features popular modern rock anthems from 1970s up to the late 1990s, including various covers", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "13024933", "text": "shot which featured members of the cast with KSM. The pilot was shot at a high school in Tujunga, California. Due to budget constraints, future episodes were filmed at a soundstage in Santa Clarita, California, with only occasional external shots in Tujunga. Covington served as the series' showrunner, as well as an executive producer. He stated that he wanted the show \"to feel like a John Hughes film every week.\" Junger remained on board, and directed seven of the first 10 episodes of the series. 20 episodes were produced, 12 of them directed by Gil Junger, who also directed the", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You (TV series)" }, { "id": "2410037", "text": "the film, Gil Junger, directed many of the episodes including the pilot while the film's music composer, Richard Gibbs, also returned to do the show's music. The series was adapted and produced by Carter Covington. The show premiered on July 7, 2009, and lasted 20 episodes. The film is a retelling of William Shakespeare's play \"The Taming of the Shrew\" in an American high school setting. Screenwriters Karen McCullah and Kirsten Smith also wrote the script for \"She's the Man\" (2006), a retelling of Shakespeare's play \"Twelfth Night\" set in an American college. Kat and Bianca share the same names", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "2758458", "text": "to herself. Critic Joe Balthai wrote she was \"the darling of the 1998 Sundance Film Festival.\" In 1999, she portrayed Kat Stratford, opposite Heath Ledger, in Gil Junger's \"10 Things I Hate About You\", an adaptation of \"The Taming of the Shrew\" set in a high school in Tacoma, Washington. She won an MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Female Performance for the role. The Chicago Film Critics voted her the most promising new actress of the year. Her next starring role was in \"Down to You\" (2000), which was panned by critics, but earned her co-star Freddie Prinze, Jr. and", "title": "Julia Stiles" }, { "id": "10108542", "text": "Jolene Purdy Jolene Aiko Purdy (born December 9, 1983) is an American actress. She is of half Japanese and half European descent. Purdy starred as Cherita Chen in the 2001 film \"Donnie Darko\". Among her television credits is the Fox sitcom \"Do Not Disturb,\" which debuted in 2008, as well as the ABC Family comedy series \"10 Things I Hate About You\", playing Mandella in eight episodes. Purdy has also guest starred on \"Judging Amy\" and \"Boston Public\". Purdy is also known for her role as Piper Katins on the TeenNick drama series \"Gigantic\". She stars in the Netflix drama", "title": "Jolene Purdy" }, { "id": "14763850", "text": "Allie Gonino Alyssa Jean \"Allie\" Gonino is an American actress, singer and songwriter. She is known for her regular role as Laurel Mercer in \"The Lying Game\" and her recurring role as Michelle in \"10 Things I Hate About You\", both of which were ABC Family series. Gonino was member of the American girl group The Stunners between 2007 and 2011. Gonino is currently in the band The Good Mad, who were featured in \"The Lying Game\", in which Gonino also starred. Gonino was born and grew up in Rockwall, Texas. Her parents are Dr. John and Linda Gonino, who", "title": "Allie Gonino" }, { "id": "2410022", "text": "the film was adapted into a television series of the same title, which ran for twenty episodes and featured Larry Miller reprising his role as the father, Walter Stratford, from the film. Cameron James, a new student at Padua High School in the Seattle area, becomes instantly smitten with popular sophomore Bianca Stratford. Geeky Michael Eckman warns him that Bianca is vapid and conceited, and that her overprotective father does not allow Bianca or her older sister, the shrewish Kat, to date. Kat, a senior, is accepted to Sarah Lawrence College in New York, but her father, Walter, wants her", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "5777601", "text": "in the television series \"Full House\" for an episode. He had guest parts on numerous television shows before being cast on the TV drama \"Party of Five\" (1994). That same year, he landed another recurring role on \"7th Heaven\" (1996), where he played a single teenaged father in love with Jessica Biel's character Mary. Keegan was then cast in two modern-day Shakespearean film adaptations: as the antagonist of Heath Ledger in the 1999 comedy \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (adapted from \"The Taming of the Shrew\") and as Mekhi Phifer's best friend in 2001's \"O\", adapted from \"Othello\". Keegan", "title": "Andrew Keegan" }, { "id": "5777598", "text": "Andrew Keegan Andrew Keegan (born January 29, 1979) is an American actor best known for his roles in television shows including \"Party of Five\" and \"7th Heaven\" and in films such as \"10 Things I Hate about You\" (1999), \"The Broken Hearts Club\" (2000) and \"O\" (2001). Keegan was born Andrew Keegan Heying in Los Angeles, California, the older son of Lana (Ocampo), a hairdresser, and Larry Heying, a voice-over actor. Keegan's mother is Colombian and his father is from Nebraska. Keegan has a younger brother, Casey (born June 12, 1980), who is also an actor. His daughter, Aiya Rose", "title": "Andrew Keegan" }, { "id": "7713937", "text": "Tiffany Hines Tiffany Hines (born September 2, 1984) is an American actress, known for her roles as Birdie Scott in \"Beyond the Break\", Michelle Welton in \"Bones\", Jaden in \"Nikita\", Didi Miller in \"Devious Maids\", Tamar Braxton in \"\", and Aisha in \"\". She starred as Birdie Scott in The N drama series \"Beyond the Break\" from 2006 to 2009. Hines guest-starred in television series such as \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"Heroes\", \"Criminal Minds\", \"Miss Guided\", \"Lincoln Heights\", \"\", \"Secret Girlfriend\", \"10 Things I Hate About You\", and \"Lie to Me\". She also starred in the NBC miniseries \"Meteor\" in 2009. Her", "title": "Tiffany Hines" }, { "id": "11238997", "text": "the Disney Channel original movie, \"Camp Rock\", starring Demi Lovato and the Jonas Brothers. Martin was selected by \"TV Guide\" in 2008, as one of the \"13 Hottest Young Stars to Watch\". She was the online host for the 2008 \"Disney Channel Games\". Martin voiced the character Naminé in all subsequent releases in \"Kingdom Hearts\" series, replacing Brittany Snow, who did not return to the series. Martin starred in the ABC Family sitcom \"10 Things I Hate About You\" as Bianca (originated by Larisa Oleynik in the film version). She also had the role of Megan Kennedy in the independent", "title": "Meaghan Martin" }, { "id": "13024932", "text": "ordered 9 additional episodes. While Covington sought a \"reimagined\" adaptation, there are several connections between the pilot and movie, which gave the pilot the same feel. Gil Junger, who directed the movie, also directed the pilot. Richard Gibbs, who was credited for the original music in the 1999 movie, also composed the theme music for the pilot. In addition, Larry Miller reprised his role as the overprotective father, Walter Stratford. A cover of \"I Want You to Want Me\" by Cheap Trick (which was covered for the film by Letters to Cleo) was recorded by KSM. A music video was", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You (TV series)" }, { "id": "17894614", "text": "was added to the cast of the film to star as lead. On November 14, 2012 Evan Rachel Wood joined the film to play the lead role. On November 30, 2012 Élodie Yung joined to star along with Wood. On January 14, 2013 Billy Campbell also joined the cast of the film. The shooting was set to start in November 2012 in Los Angeles. However, shooting actually commenced a month later, on December 17, 2012, in LA, where Wood was spotted on the set during the filming. Wood was again spotted during filming on January 6, 2013 in Malibu, after", "title": "10 Things I Hate About Life" }, { "id": "2410030", "text": "tuxes came from Isadora's in Seattle. The primary tagline is an allusion to a poem written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning from her Sonnets from the Portuguese collection. (\"How do I loathe thee? Let me count the ways.\") Another tagline is a spoof from Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\" (\"Romeo, Oh Romeo, Get Out Of My Face.\") and another is a line from \"The Taming of the Shrew\" that is spoken in the film by Cameron (\"I burn, I pine, I perish!\"). The original script was finalized on November 12, 1997. In its opening weekend, the film grossed US$8,330,681 in 2,271 theaters", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "19018566", "text": "Penny Framstad Penny Rae Framstad (born November 12, 1960) is an American singer and songwriter whose musical style has been generally classified as pop, rock, and singer/songwriter influences. Framstad was born in Santa Cruz, California to parents Raymond and Eula Mae Framstad (née McCoy). Penny's co-write, \"Even Angels Fall,\" (Kim Bullard, Tom Whitlock, Jessica Riddle) recorded by Jessica Riddle on Hollywood Records appeared in the film, 10 Things I Hate About You, and on the soundtrack, earning Framstad a gold record for album sales of over 500,000 copies. \"Even Angels Fall\" reached #27 on Billboard's Adult Pop Songs airplay chart", "title": "Penny Framstad" }, { "id": "14050190", "text": "Barret Swatek Barret Swatek (born March 3, 1977) is an American actress and comedian who has appeared in films such as \"Lethal Weapon 4\", \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\", and \"High School\". She has also made guest appearances on television shows such as \"Just Shoot Me!\", \"American Dad!\", and \"2 Broke Girls\", and recurred as teacher Ms. Sommers on \"10 Things I Hate About You\". She played resident bad girl gone good, Cheryl, on the WB series \"7th Heaven\" for three seasons, and played the role of Brittany on the NBC comedy series \"Quarterlife\". She is a frequent panelist on the late-night", "title": "Barret Swatek" }, { "id": "2954104", "text": "1997, she began working on other projects, beginning with a role in the Boston Rock Opera's performance of \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" as Mary Magdalene. In 1999, Hanley made a cameo as herself in the film \"10 Things I Hate About You\", singing a cover version of Nick Lowe's \"Cruel to Be Kind\" at the movie characters' high school prom, in addition to performing \"Come On\" with Letters to Cleo during an earlier scene at a club. Towards the end of Letters to Cleo's career, she began performing with her then-husband and fellow Letters To Cleo member Michael Eisenstein outside of", "title": "Kay Hanley" }, { "id": "14180766", "text": "is openly gay. He married Patrick Sean Smith, the creator of \"Greek\", in Maui on October 25, 2008. They have one adopted son, Cormac. Carter Covington Carter Covington ( 1973) is an American television show creator, writer, story editor and producer. He is known for his screenwriting on two television series which aired on the ABC Family network: \"Greek\" and \"10 Things I Hate About You\". Covington grew up in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The son of Marie and Butch Covington, he graduated from R. J. Reynolds High School in 1991. Covington attended the University of Virginia, where he received his", "title": "Carter Covington" }, { "id": "9812920", "text": "Karen McCullah Karen McCullah (formerly Karen McCullah Lutz) is an American screenwriter and novelist. McCullah was born in the Philippines, where her father had been assigned with the United States Navy performing counterespionage duties. She grew up in Bergen County, New Jersey, and graduated from Indian Hills High School in her hometown of Oakland, New Jersey. As a high school student, she maintained in her diary \"10 Things I Hate About Anthony\", her boyfriend at the time, which ultimately led to the title of her 1999 film, \"10 Things I Hate About You\". She is a graduate of James Madison", "title": "Karen McCullah" }, { "id": "2602468", "text": "Desk Awards and received Tony Award nominations for her performances in the 1997 Broadway revival of \"A View from the Bridge\", and the 2009 original Broadway production of the musical \"9 to 5\". Her film roles include \"Private Parts\" (1997), \"Primary Colors\" (1998), \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (1999), \"Drop Dead Gorgeous\" (1999), \"American Beauty\" (1999), \"The Hours\" (2002), \"Hairspray\" (2007), \"Juno\" (2007), \"The Help\" (2011), \"The Way, Way Back\" (2013), \"Tammy\" (2014), \"Spy\" (2015), \"Tallulah\" (2016), and \"The Girl on the Train\" (2016). In 2017, her performance as LaVona Golden in the biographical black comedy film \"I, Tonya\"", "title": "Allison Janney" }, { "id": "3363628", "text": "Larisa Oleynik Larisa Romanovna Oleynik () is an American actress. She is known for starring in the title role of the children's television series \"The Secret World of Alex Mack\" during the mid-1990s. She has also appeared in theatrical films, including \"The Baby-Sitters Club\" and \"10 Things I Hate About You\". During her period as a teen idol, she was described as \"one of America's favorite 15-year-olds\", and \"the proverbial girl next door\". Oleynik was born in Santa Clara County, California. Her mother Lorraine (née Allen) is a former nurse, and her late father Roman Oleynik (1936–2003) was an anesthesiologist.", "title": "Larisa Oleynik" }, { "id": "2602475", "text": "sitcom \"Mom\", opposite Anna Faris, she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015. In 2014, she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her recurring role in the period drama \"Masters of Sex\". On the Disney Channel animated show \"Phineas and Ferb\", Janney voiced Charlene. Janney has appeared in numerous films, including the 1990s films \"American Beauty\", \"The Object of My Affection\", \"Big Night\", \"The Impostors\", \"Drop Dead Gorgeous\", \"The Ice Storm\", \"Primary Colors\", \"10 Things I Hate About You\", and \"Private Parts\",", "title": "Allison Janney" }, { "id": "3363635", "text": "buddy who develops a crush on Lois Wilkerson. Oleynik had a supporting role in the film \"An American Rhapsody\", which received a limited release in August 2001, and appeared in \"Bringing Rain\", a low-budget film. Oleynik was cast in a supporting role in the series \"Pepper Dennis\", which began airing on The WB in April 2006, but was not picked up by The WB's successor The CW. In March 2008, Oleynik guest-starred in episode 13 of \"Aliens in America\". In 2009, she provided audio commentary for the \"10 Things I Hate About You\" 10th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray. In March 2011,", "title": "Larisa Oleynik" }, { "id": "3039409", "text": "who had been positively identified robbing another Payless location prior to her rape. Union started her acting career in minor roles. Her first audition was for \"Saved by the Bell\". Other earlier roles included teen movies such as \"10 Things I Hate About You\", \"She's All That\", and \"Love & Basketball\". In 1997, Union appeared in the sixth-season episode of \"\"— as the Klingon N'Garen. She also appeared in \"Sister, Sister\" as Vanessa, in \"Smart Guy\" as Denise, and in five episodes of \"7th Heaven\" as Keesha Hamilton. Union appeared in the 2000 film \"Love & Basketball\". In the same", "title": "Gabrielle Union" }, { "id": "11238995", "text": "Meaghan Martin Meaghan Jette Martin (; born February 17, 1992) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Tess Tyler in the Disney Channel television film, \"Camp Rock\" and . Martin starred in the ABC Family television series, \"10 Things I Hate About You\" as Bianca Stratford. Martin is also known for lending her voice for Naminé in the video game series \"Kingdom Hearts\" as well as voicing and motion capturing Jessica from the video game \"Until Dawn\". Martin was born in Las Vegas, Nevada and has two brothers and one sister. She started", "title": "Meaghan Martin" }, { "id": "15626950", "text": "St. Vincent performed \"Cruel\" and \"Cheerleader\" from her \"Strange Mercy\" album during the Valentine's Day episode. Blake Lively, Leighton Meester, Penn Badgley, Chace Crawford, and Ed Westwick all returned as series regulars. Kaylee DeFer was upgraded to series regular status, while Taylor Momsen and Jessica Szohr exited the show, though they were both invited back as guest stars. Kelly Rutherford and Matthew Settle also returned as regulars. On April 6, 2011, \"10 Things I Hate About You\" star Ethan Peck landed a guest-starring role on the show. Peck made his debut in the fourth season finale and was in talks", "title": "Gossip Girl (season 5)" }, { "id": "2410038", "text": "as the female leads in the original play. Their surname is Stratford, a nod to Shakespeare's birthplace. Patrick's surname Verona references the home of his relative character Petruchio. The characters attend Padua High School, named after where the play is set. Cameron (Lucentio, who disguises himself as a tutor named Cambio) tutors Bianca in French and slips in a line from play while obsessing over her: \"\"I burn, I pine, I perish\"\". Patrick's character reflects the outlandish behavior of Petruchio, and Michael coerces Patrick into the marching band incident with the words from Sonnet 56: \"\"Sweet love, renew thy force\"\".", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "2410035", "text": "from Letters to Cleo, who created modernised renditions of songs such as \"I Want You To Want Me\" by Cheap Trick and \"Cruel to Be Kind\" by Nick Lowe. The albums peak position in the Billboard (magazine) charts was 52nd, which was just after its release and it managed to hold a place in the Billboard top 200 for a total of 27 weeks. Artists such as The Notorious B.I.G. and Joan Jett were also used in the films soundtrack, although were not featured on the soundtrack album. The album was described by AllMusic as \"One of the best modern", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "9538892", "text": "\"Sister Act the Musical\". She has also won four MTV Movie Awards for Best Dance (\"Austin Powers\", \"Charlie's Angels\", \"10 Things I Hate About You\", and \"American Wedding\"). Marguerite Derricks Marguerite Pomerhn-Derricks (born 1961), professionally known as Marguerite Derricks, is a former ballerina and a multi award-winning choreographer from Buffalo, New York. Derricks studied ballet at the National Ballet School of Canada; she admired Karen Kain. Derricks was behind the choreography of two films similar in their subject matter, \"Striptease\" (1996) and \"Showgirls\" (1995). Some of her more noted works include the \"Austin Powers\" films, \"10 Things I Hate About", "title": "Marguerite Derricks" }, { "id": "11895484", "text": "Heath Ledger Heath Andrew Ledger (4 April 197922 January 2008) was an Australian actor and director. After performing roles in several Australian television and film productions during the 1990s, Ledger left for the United States in 1998 to further develop his film career. His work comprised nineteen films, including \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (1999), \"The Patriot\" (2000), \"A Knight's Tale\" (2001), \"Monster's Ball\" (2001), \"Lords of Dogtown\" (2005), \"Brokeback Mountain\" (2005), \"Casanova\" (2005), \"The Dark Knight\" (2008), and \"The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus\" (2009), the latter two being posthumous releases. He also produced and directed music videos and", "title": "Heath Ledger" }, { "id": "9061967", "text": "Ten Things I Hate About Me Ten Things I Hate About Me is a 2006 award winning young adult novel by Australian author Randa Abdel-Fattah and her second work. The book was first released in Australia on October 1, 2006 through Pan MacMillan Australia. \"Ten Things I Hate About Me\" was awarded the 2008 \"Kathleen Mitchell Award for Excellence in Young Adult Writing\" and was shortlisted for the 2008 \"Redbridge Book Award\". The book, like many of Abdel-Fattah's novels, covers topics pertaining to discrimination and racism towards Muslims and people of diverse ethnic backgrounds as well as various teenage topics.", "title": "Ten Things I Hate About Me" }, { "id": "14763854", "text": "recurring role of Sam on the fifth season of Freeform's \"Baby Daddy\", but was subsequently replaced in the role by Daniella Monet. Allie Gonino Alyssa Jean \"Allie\" Gonino is an American actress, singer and songwriter. She is known for her regular role as Laurel Mercer in \"The Lying Game\" and her recurring role as Michelle in \"10 Things I Hate About You\", both of which were ABC Family series. Gonino was member of the American girl group The Stunners between 2007 and 2011. Gonino is currently in the band The Good Mad, who were featured in \"The Lying Game\", in", "title": "Allie Gonino" }, { "id": "20176918", "text": "Disney Motion Pictures Group and for 5 years as VP for Casting and Talent Development at Warner Brothers Television. She has introduced such new talent as Heath Ledger, Anne Hathaway, Chris Pine, Rachel McAdams, Paul Rudd, Brittany Murphy, Amy Poehler, Megan Fox and Jennifer Garner. Some of her credits include Clueless, 10 Things I Hate About You, thirtysomething, The Princess Diaries, Romy and Michele’s High School Reunion, The Lookout, The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, Parental Guidance, Small Time, and Oblivion. Her first casting job was at CBS Television in New York City (1979); she then relocated to Los Angeles", "title": "Marcia Ross" }, { "id": "5970084", "text": "2007 independent comedy film \"Cook-Off!\". McLendon-Covey also guest-starred on television series such as \"The Office\", \"10 Things I Hate About You\", and \"Cougar Town\". In 2011, McLendon-Covey starred in the financially successful and critically lauded comedy film \"Bridesmaids\" with Kristen Wiig, Maya Rudolph, Rose Byrne, Melissa McCarthy, and Ellie Kemper. Beginning in July that same year, she began starring in national TV ads for a new campaign by Hillshire Farm. From 2010 to 2013, she had a recurring role on the CBS sitcom \"Rules of Engagement\". She also had guest-starring roles in Fox's short-lived sitcom \"I Hate My Teenage Daughter\",", "title": "Wendi McLendon-Covey" }, { "id": "3039403", "text": "Gabrielle Union Gabrielle Monique Union-Wade (born October 29, 1972) is an American actress, activist, and author. She began her career in the 1990s, appearing on television sitcoms, before landing supporting roles in teenage comedic films \"She's All That\" and \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (1999). Her breakthrough role was in the 2000 film \"Bring It On\". Union is also known for her performances in the romantic comedy films \"The Brothers\" (2001), \"Deliver Us from Eva\" (2003), \"Daddy's Little Girls\" (2007), \"Think Like a Man\" (2012) and \"Think Like a Man Too\" (2014). She also had starring roles in CBS", "title": "Gabrielle Union" }, { "id": "11239002", "text": "Martin became engaged to British actor Oli Higginson in May 2016. They were married on September 24, 2016 in London, UK. Meaghan Martin Meaghan Jette Martin (; born February 17, 1992) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Tess Tyler in the Disney Channel television film, \"Camp Rock\" and . Martin starred in the ABC Family television series, \"10 Things I Hate About You\" as Bianca Stratford. Martin is also known for lending her voice for Naminé in the video game series \"Kingdom Hearts\" as well as voicing and motion capturing Jessica from", "title": "Meaghan Martin" }, { "id": "11023354", "text": "1993, his parents divorced. In 2001, he made his acting debut in \"Walter and Henry\", a father-son drama television film with an ensemble cast that included John Larroquette, Kate Nelligan, Dorian Harewood and James Coburn. He graduated from St. Mark's School in Southborough, Massachusetts in 2006. In 2005 he appeared in the film \"Sky High\" as Zachary \"Zach\" Braun (a.k.a. Zach Attack!). Braun then had roles in the Disney Channel Original Movies \"Minutemen\" (2008) and \"Princess Protection Program\" (2009). He played the regular role of Cameron on the ABC Family show \"10 Things I Hate About You\", until it was", "title": "Nicholas Braun" }, { "id": "14050192", "text": "before landing a major role as Cheryl on \"7th Heaven\" from 2000 to 2003. She then had a small appearance in \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\" and a recurring role on the television series \"Quarterlife\" in 2008. In 2009 and 2010, she appeared on the television series \"10 Things I Hate About You\" as Ms. Sommers and continued that role into the series's second season. She appeared in the 2010 comedy films \"High School\" and \"Barry Munday\". In 2011, Swatek was cast on MTV's \"Awkward\" as Ally. She also appears frequently as a panelist on \"Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld\". Swatek wrote", "title": "Barret Swatek" }, { "id": "5021499", "text": "friend Eric Forman is as well, in the episode \"Eric's Buddy\" on \"That '70s Show\". Gordon-Levitt starred in the 1999 film \"10 Things I Hate About You\", a modern-day adaptation of Shakespeare's \"The Taming of the Shrew\" and voiced Jim Hawkins in \"Treasure Planet\" (2002), a Disney adaptation of the novel \"Treasure Island\". In 2000, he began attending Columbia University School of General Studies. He studied history, literature, and French poetry. He became an avid Francophile and a French speaker. He said that moving to New York City from his hometown forced him to grow as a person. He dropped", "title": "Joseph Gordon-Levitt" }, { "id": "7713940", "text": "Austen novel, with an African-American cast. Tiffany Hines Tiffany Hines (born September 2, 1984) is an American actress, known for her roles as Birdie Scott in \"Beyond the Break\", Michelle Welton in \"Bones\", Jaden in \"Nikita\", Didi Miller in \"Devious Maids\", Tamar Braxton in \"\", and Aisha in \"\". She starred as Birdie Scott in The N drama series \"Beyond the Break\" from 2006 to 2009. Hines guest-starred in television series such as \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"Heroes\", \"Criminal Minds\", \"Miss Guided\", \"Lincoln Heights\", \"\", \"Secret Girlfriend\", \"10 Things I Hate About You\", and \"Lie to Me\". She also starred in the", "title": "Tiffany Hines" }, { "id": "6039764", "text": "Susan May Pratt Susan May Pratt (born February 8, 1974) is an American actress. She played Mandella in \"10 Things I Hate About You\", Alicia in \"Drive Me Crazy\", and Maureen Cummings in \"Center Stage\". Pratt was born in Lansing, Michigan and attended East Lansing High School. She has one sister. Susan left school at age sixteen to pursue modeling in Milan before heading to college in New York. Her father is a physics professor at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. She attended architectural school at Parson's School of Design and also Bard College at Simon's Rock. ,", "title": "Susan May Pratt" }, { "id": "6039765", "text": "Pratt was finishing her bachelor's degree in Business, while working on prerequisites for a Master's program in occupational therapy at the University of Southern California. She married fellow actor Kenneth Mitchell in May 2006, with whom she has two children, a daughter, Lilah Ruby Mitchell (born July 7, 2007) and son, Kallum Porter Mitchell (born December 9, 2012). Susan May Pratt Susan May Pratt (born February 8, 1974) is an American actress. She played Mandella in \"10 Things I Hate About You\", Alicia in \"Drive Me Crazy\", and Maureen Cummings in \"Center Stage\". Pratt was born in Lansing, Michigan and", "title": "Susan May Pratt" }, { "id": "18512023", "text": "Perfect Murder,\" and worked in production. She wrote scripts for TV show pilots and had a film script optioned by Icon Productions. She was hired to the writing staff of ABC Family's \"10 Things I Hate About You\" based on her play \"Love on the Line\". She has created some web content, \"My Two Fans\", which she describes as being inspired by \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\". Iungerich created the MTV sitcom \"Awkward\". She left the show after season three. That year she won the People's Choice Award for \"Favorite Cable Comedy\". Iungerich has an upcoming project called \"Couch Detective,\" an ABC", "title": "Lauren Iungerich" }, { "id": "14180765", "text": "1999 film \"10 Things I Hate About You\". He often collaborated with original film director Gil Junger on various ABC Family projects, where he regularly quizzed Junger for information about the movie. These discussions with Junger, coupled with Covington's desire to create a \"reimagined\" TV version of the movie, led to the creation of a pilot episode of \"10 Things I Hate About You\", which Junger directed. On July 7, 2009, the series premiere brought in 1.60 million viewer, a record for a 30-minute comedy debut on the ABC Family network. The series was canceled after one twenty-episode season. Covington", "title": "Carter Covington" }, { "id": "2858417", "text": "1999 film \"10 Things I Hate About You\" during the scene where the character of Kat (played by Julia Stiles) is reading the novel \"The Bell Jar\" by Sylvia Plath. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1997 the group received seven nominations, but with Savage Garden dominating the ceremony and winning ten awards, Spiderbait only captured the 'Best Alternative Release' category for \"Ivy and the Big Apples\". In early 1998, English and her then-boyfriend Quan Yeomans (of Regurgitator) formed a side-project, Happyland (originally called The Shits), which released their only album, \"Welcome to Happyland\", on Polydor in September. English provided", "title": "Spiderbait" }, { "id": "13024930", "text": "out and the other just wants to fit in. Kat is a cool, smart, strong-willed, forthright feminist who is looking to save the world and get out of school as fast as she can. When she meets the intense Patrick Verona (Ethan Peck), sparks begin to fly. Bianca is a social butterfly whose main goal in life is to be popular, but when the head cheerleader makes her the mascot, she realizes she has a long way to go. As they start a bumpy year at Padua High, Kat and Bianca attempt to navigate the popular crowd, boys and their", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You (TV series)" }, { "id": "14180763", "text": "Carter Covington Carter Covington ( 1973) is an American television show creator, writer, story editor and producer. He is known for his screenwriting on two television series which aired on the ABC Family network: \"Greek\" and \"10 Things I Hate About You\". Covington grew up in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The son of Marie and Butch Covington, he graduated from R. J. Reynolds High School in 1991. Covington attended the University of Virginia, where he received his degree in 1995 after studying foreign affairs and Spanish. After college, Covington was undecided about a career path. He taught English in Mexico and", "title": "Carter Covington" }, { "id": "2410028", "text": "Joey then punches Cameron, but is in turn beaten up by Bianca for having hurt her, Kat, and Cameron. Bianca and Cameron share another kiss. The next day, Bianca reconciles with Kat and begins dating Cameron. Walter admits that Kat is capable of taking care of herself, and gives her permission to attend Sarah Lawrence College. For an assignment in which the students were required to write their own version of William Shakespeare's Sonnet 141, Kat reads aloud a poem titled \"10 Things I Hate About You\", revealing that she still loves Patrick. Patrick surprises her with a guitar bought", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "11895540", "text": "mother Michelle Williams, will hold the statuette in trust for Matilda. On 4 April 2017, a trailer was released for the upcoming documentary \"I am Heath Ledger\" which was released on 3 May 2017. It features archival footage of Ledger and interviews. Heath Ledger Heath Andrew Ledger (4 April 197922 January 2008) was an Australian actor and director. After performing roles in several Australian television and film productions during the 1990s, Ledger left for the United States in 1998 to further develop his film career. His work comprised nineteen films, including \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (1999), \"The Patriot\"", "title": "Heath Ledger" }, { "id": "7563338", "text": "at the Cannes Film Festival in 2009, in which he plays the best friend of the title character, played by Keir Gilchrist. Kaplan appears as Michael in the ABC Family sitcom \"10 Things I Hate About You\", based loosely on the 1999 film of the same name, which premiered July 7, 2009. Since 2013, Kaplan has been a part of the music duo Phantoms alongside Vinnie Pergola. Their eponymous debut album was released in March 2017. Kyle Kaplan Kyle Joseph Kaplan (born 16 July 1989 or 16 July 1990) is an American actor. At the age of 13, Kaplan toured", "title": "Kyle Kaplan" }, { "id": "14557274", "text": "Borgias\" actress Joanne Whalley had been cast in an episode of Gossip Girl following a Screen Actors Guild casting notice. Whalley was rumoured to play an adversarial role to Kelly Rutherford's Lily van der Woodsen, but turned out to be that of Princess Sophie, Louis Grimaldi's mother. Academy Award-nominated director David O. Russell made a cameo. On April 6, 2011, it was reported that \"10 Things I Hate About You\" star Ethan Peck had landed a role in the show. Both stars were seen filming with Lively in California. Peck would reportedly make his debut in the season finale and", "title": "Gossip Girl (season 4)" }, { "id": "15649871", "text": "Dustin Schuetter Dustin Schuetter (born May 14, 1984) is an American actor, producer, director and screenwriter. Shortly after arriving in Los Angeles, Dustin found work with Emmy-nominated Director Gil Junger, who directed the film 10 Things I Hate About You, as well as TV series Kyle XY, Ellen and Greek. He has also worked alongside Oscar-Nominated and award-winning actress Sally Kirkland. Since that time, Schuetter has worked steadily in Hollywood, appearing in seven films and three pilots (mostly leads). In 2009, Schuetter formed Dark Horse Pictures, with co-producer and partner Bernadette F. Dugas, which would later be changed to Aria", "title": "Dustin Schuetter" }, { "id": "15217231", "text": "Grey Damon Grey Damon (born September 24, 1987) is an American actor, known for his roles in \"Friday Night Lights\" and \"The Nine Lives of Chloe King\". He resides in Los Angeles. Beginning with its premiere on May 28, 2015, Damon co-starred with David Duchovny on the NBC series \"Aquarius\". Damon was born in Bloomington, Indiana. He made his acting debut in the February 3, 2009 episode of The CW's \"90210\", before getting minor roles in other television series such as \"Greek\" and \"10 Things I Hate About You\", and a recurring role in \"True Blood\". In 2010, he landed", "title": "Grey Damon" }, { "id": "15649874", "text": "often travels to his home state of Louisiana to do film work at Aria Relic Studios, a film production company owned by Schuetter and Bernadette F. Dugas. Dustin Schuetter Dustin Schuetter (born May 14, 1984) is an American actor, producer, director and screenwriter. Shortly after arriving in Los Angeles, Dustin found work with Emmy-nominated Director Gil Junger, who directed the film 10 Things I Hate About You, as well as TV series Kyle XY, Ellen and Greek. He has also worked alongside Oscar-Nominated and award-winning actress Sally Kirkland. Since that time, Schuetter has worked steadily in Hollywood, appearing in seven", "title": "Dustin Schuetter" }, { "id": "2758453", "text": "Julia Stiles Julia O'Hara Stiles (born March 28, 1981) is an American actress. Born and raised in New York City, Stiles began acting at age 11 and made her screen debut as Erica Dansby in six episodes of the television series \"Ghostwriter\" (1993–1994). Her first film role was in \"I\" \"Love You, I Love You Not\" (1996), followed by a leading role in the thriller \"Wicked\" (1998), for which she was awarded the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival Award for Best Actress. She went on to gain prominence for her lead roles in teen films such as \"10 Things I", "title": "Julia Stiles" }, { "id": "7537632", "text": "Kyle Cease Kyle Cease (born September 19, 1977) is an American actor, comedian, and motivational speaker. Kyle Cease began performing comedy at the age of 12 years. He was a regular in comedy clubs at 15 and a headliner at the age of 18 years. While still keeping residence in Bothell, Washington, his hometown, he was cast as Bogey Lowenstein in the 1999 movie \"10 Things I Hate About You\". Right after the film, he moved to Los Angeles. Two years later he was featured in \"Not Another Teen Movie\", as the slow clapper. In the same year, he released", "title": "Kyle Cease" }, { "id": "10108543", "text": "series \"Orange Is The New Black\" as an inmate at Lichfield Federal Penitentiary. Purdy currently resides in Torrance, California. Purdy is of Japanese and Jewish descent. Jolene Purdy Jolene Aiko Purdy (born December 9, 1983) is an American actress. She is of half Japanese and half European descent. Purdy starred as Cherita Chen in the 2001 film \"Donnie Darko\". Among her television credits is the Fox sitcom \"Do Not Disturb,\" which debuted in 2008, as well as the ABC Family comedy series \"10 Things I Hate About You\", playing Mandella in eight episodes. Purdy has also guest starred on \"Judging", "title": "Jolene Purdy" }, { "id": "13473025", "text": "2008 film \"Tennessee\", followed by a co-starring role opposite Peter Coyote and Bebe Neuwirth in the film \"Adopt a Sailor\". He won the award \"Best Actor\" at the 2009 Sonoma International Film Festival for his portrayal of \"Sailor\". From 2009 to 2010, he starred on the television series \"10 Things I Hate About You\" on ABC Family. In 2012, Peck played Prince Maxon for the pilot adaptation of popular book \"The Selection\", but was later replaced by newcomer Michael Malarkey. Neither the first or second pilot was picked up to go to series. In 2016 Peck starred in \"The Curse", "title": "Ethan Peck" }, { "id": "11895490", "text": "role in \"Clowning Around\" (1992), the first part of a two-part television series, and to work on the TV series \"Sweat\" (1996), in which he played a gay cyclist. From 1993 to 1997, Ledger also had parts in the Perth television series \"Ship to Shore\" (1993); in the short-lived Fox Broadcasting Company fantasy-drama \"Roar\" (1997); in \"Home and Away\" (1997), one of Australia's most successful television shows; and in the Australian film \"Blackrock\" (1997), his feature film debut. In 1999, he starred in the teen comedy \"10 Things I Hate About You\" and in the acclaimed Australian crime film \"Two", "title": "Heath Ledger" }, { "id": "15064529", "text": "Zoe Ever After, A to Z, Growing Up Fisher, The Neighbors, Whitney, Don't Trust The B... in Apt. 23, 10 Things I hate about you, Let's Stay Together, Kitchen Confidential, Living Single\", \"Moesha\", \"The Parkers\", \"Girlfriends\", \"The King of Queens\", \"Scrubs\", \"Lizzie McGuire\" and a few other series.\" Henry's Chinese comedy series \"Rich House, Poor House\" 王子富愁记，aired on YOUKU in January 2018. In 2003, Henry directed his first film \"Gas\" starring Flex Alexander and Khalil Kain. Henry Chan Henry F. Chan () is an American film and television director. He has directed over 200 episodes of television for all major", "title": "Henry Chan" }, { "id": "16736529", "text": "Martin (the main character, Jo, in \"Mean Girls 2\", ABC's \"10 Things I Hate About You\") as \"Natalia,\" Sterling Beaumon (\"Lost\", \"Red Widow\") as \"Spencer,\" Kyle Massey (\"That's So Raven\", \"Cory in the House\") as \"Andy,\" YouTube star Lana McKissack as \"Jill,\" and stand-up comedian and actor Margaret Cho as \"Ms. Ghetty.\" In 2017, Truong wrote and directed the feature film \"I Can I Will I Did\" about a depressed foster youth named Ben (Mike Faist) who is bullied and as a result eventually gets into a car accident. His recovery process is slow, until he meets Adrienne, a wheelchair", "title": "Nadine Truong" }, { "id": "9538889", "text": "Marguerite Derricks Marguerite Pomerhn-Derricks (born 1961), professionally known as Marguerite Derricks, is a former ballerina and a multi award-winning choreographer from Buffalo, New York. Derricks studied ballet at the National Ballet School of Canada; she admired Karen Kain. Derricks was behind the choreography of two films similar in their subject matter, \"Striptease\" (1996) and \"Showgirls\" (1995). Some of her more noted works include the \"Austin Powers\" films, \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (1999), \"Donnie Darko\" (2001), \"Little Miss Sunshine\" (2006), and \"Spider-Man 3\" (2007). After the , she became famous and increased her reputation with an advertisement for The", "title": "Marguerite Derricks" }, { "id": "18599110", "text": "been reworked numerous times for both cinema and television. Some of the better known adaptations include \"Kiss Me Kate\", a 1953 filmic adaptation of Cole Porter's 1948 musical based on the play, \"McLintock!\" (1963), \"Il Bisbetico Domato\" (1980), \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (1999), \"Deliver Us from Eva\" (2003) and \"Isi Life Mein...!\" (2010). The earliest cinematic adaptation of the play is D.W. Griffith's eleven-minute \"The Taming of the Shrew\", made for Biograph in 1908, starring Florence Lawrence as Katherina and Arthur V. Johnson as Petruchio. The blurb for the film stated \"if we could see ourselves as others", "title": "The Taming of the Shrew on screen" }, { "id": "9061972", "text": "for their 2009 \"RT Award for Young Adult Novels\". The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books also gave it a positive review, remarking that while the book had some issues Jamie's \"character and motivations remain convincing and her self-deprecating humor keeps things from becoming too tract-like\". Ten Things I Hate About Me Ten Things I Hate About Me is a 2006 award winning young adult novel by Australian author Randa Abdel-Fattah and her second work. The book was first released in Australia on October 1, 2006 through Pan MacMillan Australia. \"Ten Things I Hate About Me\" was awarded the", "title": "Ten Things I Hate About Me" }, { "id": "2882823", "text": "the band and was replaced by drummer Jason Sutter. In late 1997, Letters to Cleo parted ways with their record label Giant/Revolution. 1998 saw the release of some early demos and B-sides in the form of the \"Sister\" album released originally by Wicked Disc. Letters to Cleo appeared in the 1999 film \"10 Things I Hate about You\" as a favorite band of the character portrayed by Julia Stiles. They contributed four songs to the soundtrack for the film, which included a Cheap Trick cover (\"I Want You to Want Me\"), and a Nick Lowe & Ian Gomm cover (\"Cruel", "title": "Letters to Cleo" }, { "id": "14050193", "text": "and starred in two web series, \"Dating for Dumbasses\" on Funny or Die and \"My Two Fans\" on KoldCast TV. Barret Swatek Barret Swatek (born March 3, 1977) is an American actress and comedian who has appeared in films such as \"Lethal Weapon 4\", \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\", and \"High School\". She has also made guest appearances on television shows such as \"Just Shoot Me!\", \"American Dad!\", and \"2 Broke Girls\", and recurred as teacher Ms. Sommers on \"10 Things I Hate About You\". She played resident bad girl gone good, Cheryl, on the WB series \"7th Heaven\" for three seasons,", "title": "Barret Swatek" }, { "id": "17572320", "text": "Ben Epstein, who was attending Tisch School of the Arts in New York City. One of his earliest Hollywood jobs was on the writing staff of the short-lived television series \"10 Things I Hate About You\". Moore's first book, \"The Sherlockian,\" was on the New York Times bestseller list for three weeks. His adapted screenplay for the 2014 film \"The Imitation Game\", based on the biography \"\" by Andrew Hodges, topped the 2011 \"Black List\" of the best unproduced scripts in Hollywood. The script earned Moore numerous nominations, including the 2014 Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay, and ultimately won", "title": "Graham Moore (writer)" }, { "id": "11961970", "text": "7 Things \"7 Things\" is a song by American singer-songwriter and actress Miley Cyrus. The song was co-written by Cyrus, Antonina Armato and Tim James, and produced by John Fields. It was released on June 17, 2008 by Hollywood Records as the lead single from the first studio album released by Cyrus with no ties to her character Hannah Montana from the Disney Channel comedy series of the same name. Also registered as \"Seven Things I Hate About You\", Cyrus developed the song during the Best of Both Worlds Tour while feeling numerous emotions for an ex-boyfriend, mainly anger. The", "title": "7 Things" }, { "id": "10700952", "text": "teen dramedy \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" (starring a then-unknown Shailene Woodley as a girl dealing with becoming a teenage mother, and the romantic lives of her friends and family) in 2008. In July 2009, the network earned its best-ever ratings for that calendar month in prime time and in total viewership due to strong viewership posted by \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" for its sophomore season and the debuts of three new series: the gymnastics-centered freshman drama \"Make It or Break It\", and sitcoms \"10 Things I Hate About You\" (based on the 1998 film", "title": "History of Freeform (TV channel)" }, { "id": "7589484", "text": "dance tracks released, one entitled \"Gone\" with DJ Max Graham and \"Tell Me\" also with Graham as a writer, Released by Tiësto under his \"Clear View\" moniker. She is currently in the studio with Max Graham and Markus Schulz and has forthcoming tracks on both of their albums. Jessica Riddle Jessica Riddle (born April 15, 1980, in Los Angeles, California) is an American singer-songwriter. Riddle attained minor fame with the hit \"Even Angels Fall\" on her debut album \"Key of a Minor\", which was featured in the 1999 movie \"10 Things I Hate about You\" and on its soundtrack. Riddle", "title": "Jessica Riddle" }, { "id": "14763853", "text": "disbanded. Gonino co-starred as Laurel Mercer in the 2011–2013 ABC Family series \"The Lying Game\". Gonino was also featured in a 2012 Boys Like Girls music video as the female lead for \"Be Your Everything\". In 2012 she was cast in the movie \"Geography Club\" which co-starred her \"10 Things I Hate About You\" castmate Meaghan Martin. In 2013 she was cast to appear in the comedy-drama film \"See You in Vahalla\" with Sarah Hyland. Gonino was also cast in a main role on the Sundance Channel drama The Red Road in 2014. In 2015 she was cast in the", "title": "Allie Gonino" }, { "id": "5742633", "text": "Patricia Arquette, The Parent Trap (\"Here Comes the Sun\") starring Lindsay Lohan, 10 Things I Hate About You (It’s a Shame) starring Heath Ledger, The Perfect Score (Just So You Know)starring Scarlett Johansson, Couples Retreat (DJ Eden East) starring Vince Vaughn, Get Him to the Greek (Chocolate Daddy) starring Russell Brand/Jonah Hill. Bronx Style Bob Bob Khaleel, better known by his stage name Bronx Style Bob, is an American hip hop recording artist from the Bronx borough of New York City, New York. Raised in a strict Arab Jamaican immigrant household, Bob was exposed to poets from the ilk of", "title": "Bronx Style Bob" }, { "id": "1623088", "text": "starred Marilyn Hassett as Esther Greenwood, the protagonist and featured the tagline: \"Sometimes just being a woman is an act of courage.\" In the film, Joan attempts to get Esther to agree to a suicide pact, an incident which is not in the book. Joan is implied to be a lesbian in Plath's novel. In the 1999 film, \"10 Things I Hate About You\", titular character Kat Stratford is seen reading \"The Bell Jar\". In July 2016, it was announced that Kirsten Dunst would be making her directorial debut with an adaptation of \"The Bell Jar\" starring Dakota Fanning as", "title": "The Bell Jar" }, { "id": "11961980", "text": "most about her ex, with the seventh item being her frustration that despite his flaws, he makes her love him. Ben Ratliff of \"The New York Times\" noted that the list actually \"runs to 8 to 11 things, depending on how you parse it\". Henry Freedland of \"Paste\" magazine compared it to a similar list featured as a poem in the 1999 film \"10 Things I Hate About You\". In one verse, Cyrus asks for a sincere apology and states, \"If you text it, I'll delete it\", which Molly Lambert of \"The New York Times\" said \"perfectly captur[es] our confusing", "title": "7 Things" }, { "id": "11928772", "text": "Die.com/EDF3 YouTube Channel). Thede’s comedy work extends from years of professional live sketch comedy (Second City Chicago and LA, Improv Olympic, Acme) to comedic commentary on shows such as \"10 Things I Hate About Me\" for the Style Network. She is also a performer and writer for the all-female sketch group \"Elite Delta Force 3\", which won the 2009 Audience Award Winner of the Los Angeles Comedy Improv Festival. Other notable work includes co-hosting on \"The Voice of Reason\" on Jamie Foxx’s Foxxhole Sirius/XM radio channel. She worked as a regular entertainment correspondent for \"E! News\" with Ryan Seacrest and", "title": "Robin Thede" }, { "id": "9061971", "text": "with her. Jamie goes through many teenage problems such as seeing eye to eye with her over-protective father, being allowed to attend her formal, getting a job, and accepting that her father will remarry. Various other stories also happen in this book. She told her friend Amy about her Muslim background and at the end, the two become best friends, and leave their other friend, Liz behind with the other discriminatory students at school. Critical reception for the book was mostly positive. RT Book Reviews gave \"Ten Things I Hate About Me\" four and a half stars and nominated it", "title": "Ten Things I Hate About Me" }, { "id": "2410023", "text": "to stay close to home. Bianca wishes to date affluent senior Joey Donner, but Walter, an obstetrician worrisome of teenage pregnancy, will not allow his daughters to date until they graduate. Frustrated by Bianca's insistence and Kat's rebelliousness, Walter declares that Bianca may date only when Kat does, knowing that Kat's antisocial attitude makes this unlikely. When Cameron asks Bianca out, she informs him of her father's new rule and, as a pretense for allowing her to date Joey, suggests that Cameron find someone willing to date Kat. Cameron selects \"bad boy\" Patrick Verona, but Patrick scares him off. Michael", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "2410027", "text": "succumbing to peer pressure, had sex with him. Afterward she regretted it and Joey dumped her, so she vowed to never again do anything just because everyone else was doing it. Bianca insists that she can make her own choices, so Kat agrees to go to the prom with Patrick, and Bianca decides to go with Cameron instead of Joey. All is going well at the prom until Bianca learns that Joey planned to have sex with her that night. Angry that Bianca has spurned him for Cameron, Joey reveals his arrangement with Patrick, which causes Kat to leave heartbroken.", "title": "10 Things I Hate About You" }, { "id": "16305300", "text": "Amandla Stenberg Amandla Stenberg (born October 23, 1998) is an American actress. She portrayed Rue in \"The Hunger Games\"; Madeline Whittier in \"Everything, Everything\"; and Starr Carter in \"The Hate U Give\" (2018). Stenberg was born in Los Angeles, California, the child of Karen Brailsford, an African-American spiritual counselor and writer, and Tom Stenberg, who is Danish. Her paternal grandmother had Greenlandic Inuit ancestry. Stenberg has two older half-sisters on her father's side. Her first name means \"power\" or \"strength\" in the South African languages of IsiXhosa and Zulu. At the age of four, Stenberg started doing catalog modeling shoots", "title": "Amandla Stenberg" }, { "id": "9769893", "text": "was written by Karen Lutz, an aspiring writer living in Denver, Colorado. The two women formed a friendship over the phone, and when Lutz came to Los Angeles, they met in person, and began writing their first script on cocktail napkins that night. That script never sold, but it inspired the women to write together again, and they embarked on a teen comedy called \"10 Things I Hate About You\", inspired by William Shakespeare's \"Taming of the Shrew\". Smith got her official start as a screenwriter in 1997 by selling \"10 Things I Hate About You\" as a spec screenplay.", "title": "Kirsten Smith (writer)" }, { "id": "7589483", "text": "Jessica Riddle Jessica Riddle (born April 15, 1980, in Los Angeles, California) is an American singer-songwriter. Riddle attained minor fame with the hit \"Even Angels Fall\" on her debut album \"Key of a Minor\", which was featured in the 1999 movie \"10 Things I Hate about You\" and on its soundtrack. Riddle is also a part-time model and actress, who has appeared wearing swimsuits in magazines such as \"Stuff\" and \"Maxim\". Although dropped from Hollywood Records, she is still recording, using her married name, Jessica Jacobs. In 2003, she released her second album, called \"Chapter 2\". Riddle has had two", "title": "Jessica Riddle" }, { "id": "13788008", "text": "at the time) as the best man. The wedding took place on August 18, 1979, at the Tropicana Motel in West Hollywood. All family stayed there for the wedding and reception (also featured in the video). Filming for the video took so long that Lowe was actually late to the wedding. The song was featured in the 1999 film \"10 Things I Hate About You\", where it was sung by alternative rock band Letters to Cleo in the prom scene; the cover appears on the film's soundtrack recording. The track has been covered by many artists, notably including co-writer Ian", "title": "Cruel to Be Kind" } ]

[ "2013" ]

[ { "id": "534430", "text": "at the time and narrowly avoided going out of business. At the end of the 1984–85 season, it was reported that Ferguson was being considered for the Liverpool manager's job after the retirement of Joe Fagan was announced, but the job was quickly accepted by Liverpool striker Kenny Dalglish. Although Ferguson remained at Aberdeen over the summer, he did eventually join Manchester United when Atkinson was sacked in November 1986. Ferguson was appointed manager at Old Trafford on 6 November 1986. He was initially worried that many of the players, such as Norman Whiteside, Paul McGrath and Bryan Robson were", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534472", "text": "£16 million. The player reportedly moved because of claims in his autobiography \"Head to Head\"; Stam implied that Ferguson illegally contacted him about a move to Manchester United, before informing PSV. Ferguson said he sold the player because the club needed to cut back on its \"massive wage bill\". He replaced the defender with Laurent Blanc, a long sought-after target. In an interview with Alastair Campbell eight years after, Ferguson described his biggest mistake at the club was \"letting go of Jaap Stam. No question\". The club endured a poor first half to the season and languished in ninth position", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534505", "text": "end his BBC boycott. However, he refused to end his boycott and Manchester United confirmed the club would pay the resulting fines. On 25 August 2011, Ferguson met with BBC director general Mark Thompson and BBC North director Peter Salmon; the result of the meeting was that Ferguson agreed to end his seven-year boycott. Following the sacking of his son Darren by Preston North End, Ferguson immediately recalled loaned players Ritchie De Laet, Joshua King and Matty James from Preston under its new managerial system. He later explained that it was the players' own request not to return to Preston", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534497", "text": "had been very difficult not to reveal his plans. Ferguson's decision to retire saw United shares fall 5% on the New York Stock Exchange. On 9 May 2013, Manchester United announced Everton manager David Moyes would replace Ferguson as the club manager from 1 July, having signed a six-year contract. In Ferguson's final match in charge, Manchester United drew 5–5 at West Bromwich Albion, a hat-trick from Romelu Lukaku, later a United player, denying Ferguson a final victory. Ferguson released his second autobiography in October 2013 called \"\". In January 2014, Ferguson was appointed as the UEFA Coaching Ambassador, and", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534455", "text": "to the squad, with the former ending the season as the club's top goalscorer. In May 1997, Cantona informed Ferguson of his decision to retire from football. The player \"felt exploited by United's merchandising department\" and questioned the ambition of the club, reasons which Ferguson understood. Striker Teddy Sheringham was signed as Cantona's replacement from Tottenham Hotspur, with Blackburn defender Henning Berg the other significant purchase that summer. In the close season, United appointed Keane as their new captain. Ferguson described him as \"the best all-round player in the game\" after the team's 1997 FA Charity Shield win and believed", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534409", "text": "Manchester United, having overtaken Sir Matt Busby's record on 19 December 2010. He retired from management at the end of the 2012–13 season, having won the Premier League in his final season. Born to Alexander Beaton Ferguson, a plater's helper in the shipbuilding industry, and his wife, Elizabeth (\"née\" Hardie), Alex Chapman Ferguson was born at his grandmother's home on Shieldhall Road in Govan on 31 December 1941, but grew up in a tenement at 667 Govan Road (which has since been demolished), where he lived with his parents as well as his younger brother Martin. Ferguson attended Broomloan Road", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534482", "text": "Glazer to acquire full control of the club. This sparked violent protests from United fans, and disrupted Ferguson's plans to strengthen the team in the transfer market. In spite of this, United looked to solve their goalkeeping and midfield problems. For this, they signed the Dutch goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar from Fulham and Korean star Park Ji-sung from PSV. The season was one of transition. On 18 November, Roy Keane officially left the club, his contract ended by mutual consent. United failed to qualify for the knock-out phase of the UEFA Champions' League. In the January transfer window, Serbian", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534496", "text": "club ambassador. \"The Guardian\" announced it was the \"end of an era\", while UEFA president Michel Platini said that Ferguson was \"a true visionary\". Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron described Ferguson as a \"remarkable man in British football\". Former Manchester United players Paul Ince and Bryan Robson agreed that Ferguson would be \"a hard act to follow\". Manchester United co-chairman Joel Glazer said, \"His determination to succeed and dedication to the club have been truly remarkable.\" Ferguson revealed that he had in fact decided that he was going to retire back in December 2012 and that it", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534429", "text": "post instead. That summer, there had been speculation that he would take over from Ron Atkinson at Manchester United, who had slumped to fourth in the English top flight after a ten-match winning start had made title glory seem inevitable. It was not the first time that Ferguson had been linked with a move to England. In February 1982, Wolverhampton Wanderers had approached him about succeeding John Barnwell as manager as they were heading for relegation from the First Division. He rejected this offer, perhaps concerned about the club's financial stability, as they were more than £2 million in debt", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534415", "text": "his alleged cup final mistake. The following October, Nottingham Forest wanted to sign Ferguson, but his wife was not keen on moving to England at that time so he went to Falkirk instead. He remained at Brockville for four years gaining more league appearances than he had elsewhere; in light of his experience he was promoted to player-coach, but when John Prentice became manager he removed Ferguson's coaching responsibilities. Ferguson's time at Falkirk was soured by this and he responded by requesting a transfer and moved to Ayr United, where he finished his playing career in 1974. In June 1974,", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534499", "text": "Michael Moritz in August 2015. Gordon Strachan was a key player for Ferguson at Aberdeen, but their relationship broke down when Strachan signed an agreement with German club FC Cologne without telling Ferguson. Ferguson said that he believed although \"there was a cunning streak in Strachan, I had never imagined that he could pull such a stroke on me\". Strachan did not sign for Cologne, but instead moved to Manchester United in the summer of 1984. Strachan liked the move because he felt that Ron Atkinson treated him as an adult, unlike Ferguson. Strachan was still with the club when", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534408", "text": "a highly successful period as manager of Aberdeen, winning three Scottish league championships, four Scottish Cups and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1983. He briefly managed Scotland following the death of Jock Stein, taking the team to the 1986 World Cup. Ferguson was appointed manager of Manchester United in November 1986. During his 26 years with Manchester United he won 38 trophies, including 13 Premier League titles, five FA Cups, and two UEFA Champions League titles. He was knighted in the 1999 Queen's Birthday Honours list, for his services to the game. Ferguson is the longest serving manager of", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534471", "text": "have it gets in your blood.\" Ferguson's decision to retire came about because he perceived his chances of winning a second European Cup as \"imponderable.\" Age was another factor: reaching 60 acted as a \"psychological barrier ... It changed my sense of my own fitness, my health.\" In May 2001, McClaren left to become Middlesbrough manager, with Jimmy Ryan being named assistant to Ferguson for the duration of the campaign. United once more broke their transfer record with the purchase of Juan Sebastián Verón from Lazio for a reported £28.1 million. In August 2001, Stam was transferred to Lazio for", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534495", "text": "Ashley Young from Aston Villa for around £17 million each, and goalkeeper David de Gea from Atlético Madrid for around £19 million. On 2 September 2012, Ferguson managed his 1,000th league game with United against Southampton. United won the game 3–2 thanks to a hat-trick from Robin van Persie. Two weeks later, he won his 100th game in the Champions League with a 1–0 win over Galatasaray at Old Trafford. On 8 May 2013, Ferguson announced that he was to retire as manager at the end of the football season, but would remain at the club as a director and", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534473", "text": "after a home defeat by West Ham in December 2001. On the night of Christmas Day, Ferguson shelved his retirement plan. His family convinced him to remain in charge of United; Cathy bluntly listed her reasoning: \"One, your health is good. Two, I'm not having you in the house. And three, you're too young anyway.\" Ferguson informed Watkins of his u-turn the following day and resumed work at once. Once Ferguson publicised his decision to remain in February 2002, United's form improved. The team won 13 out of 15 matches, though finished third in the league behind Arsenal and Liverpool.", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "5402231", "text": "History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013) The period from 1986, when Alex Ferguson was appointed as Manchester United manager, to 2013, when he announced his retirement from football, was the most successful in the club's history. Ferguson joined the club from Aberdeen on the same day that Ron Atkinson was dismissed, and guided the club to a 12th-place finish in the league. Despite a second-place finish in 1987–88, the club was back in 11th place the following season. Reportedly on the verge of being dismissed, victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final replay (after a 3–3 draw)", "title": "History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)" }, { "id": "534467", "text": "decision: \"We did it to help England's World Cup bid. That was the political situation. I regretted it because we got nothing but stick and terrible criticism for not being in the FA Cup when really, it wasn't our fault.\" Schmeichel's decision to leave United after eight seasons prompted Ferguson to bring in replacements: Mark Bosnich from Aston Villa and Italian Massimo Taibi. The latter featured in four matches, the last of which a 5–0 defeat at Chelsea in October 1999; he was not selected again by Ferguson. United ended the 1999–2000 league season as champions, with just three defeats", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534516", "text": "(190). In 2017, Ferguson was named among the 10 most influential coaches since the foundation of UEFA in 1954. St Mirren Aberdeen Manchester United Individual Alex Ferguson Sir Alexander Chapman Ferguson (born 31 December 1941) is a Scottish former football manager and player who managed Manchester United from 1986 to 2013. He is regarded to be one of the greatest and most successful managers of all time. Ferguson played as a forward for several Scottish clubs, including Dunfermline Athletic and Rangers. While playing for Dunfermline, he was the top goalscorer in the Scottish league in the 1965–66 season. Towards the", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534407", "text": "Alex Ferguson Sir Alexander Chapman Ferguson (born 31 December 1941) is a Scottish former football manager and player who managed Manchester United from 1986 to 2013. He is regarded to be one of the greatest and most successful managers of all time. Ferguson played as a forward for several Scottish clubs, including Dunfermline Athletic and Rangers. While playing for Dunfermline, he was the top goalscorer in the Scottish league in the 1965–66 season. Towards the end of his playing career he also worked as a coach, then started his managerial career with East Stirlingshire and St Mirren. Ferguson then enjoyed", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534454", "text": "their second double in three years. A week after the cup final, Ferguson agreed a four-year contract to remain at United. United won their fourth league title in five seasons at the end of the 1996–97 campaign, made easier by the fact that their rivals were \"not up to the job\". Under Ferguson, the team made a better go in the Champions League and reached the semi-final stage for the first time in 28 years. United did not advance any further, after defeat by Borussia Dortmund of Germany. Norwegian signings Ole Gunnar Solskjær and Ronny Johnsen were the notable additions", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534477", "text": "overhauled Arsenal to win the Premier League for an eighth time in May 2003. The team was eliminated in the Champions League quarter-final to Real Madrid over two legs; Ferguson described the second match, a 4–3 win at Old Trafford as \"epic\". After a season at United, Queiroz left to manage Real Madrid in June 2003. Ferguson anticipated his deputy would return – \"Three months later, he was wanting to quit Madrid,\" and for that reason did not appoint a replacement. In the summer, David Beckham also moved to Real Madrid, while Juan Sebastián Verón joined Chelsea. United in the", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534449", "text": "at Selhurst Park, and it seemed likely he would leave English football. An eight-month ban saw Cantona miss the final four months of the season. He also received a 14-day prison sentence for the offence but the sentence was quashed on appeal and replaced by a 120-hour community service order. On the brighter side, United paid a British record fee of £7 million for Newcastle United's prolific striker Andy Cole, with young winger Keith Gillespie heading to the north-east in exchange. The season also saw the breakthrough of young players Gary Neville, Nicky Butt and Paul Scholes, who provided excellent", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "17225663", "text": "1985). The last time outside the Heysel ban era that United had missed out on a place in Europe was in 1980–81. Dutch coach Louis van Gaal was confirmed as Manchester United's new manager on a three-year contract on 19 May 2014, with Giggs appointed as his assistant. On the same day, Giggs announced his retirement as a player after a career spanning nearly 25 years, during which he had played almost 1,000 competitive games for the club and won 34 trophies. It was a period of change for United's staff. In May 2013, manager Sir Alex Ferguson announced his", "title": "2013–14 Manchester United F.C. season" }, { "id": "534483", "text": "defender Nemanja Vidić and French full-back Patrice Evra were signed, and the side finished in second place in the league, behind runaway leaders Chelsea. Winning the League Cup was a consolation prize for lack of success elsewhere. Ruud van Nistelrooy's future at Old Trafford seemed to be in doubt after not starting in the League Cup final, and he departed at the end of the season. Before the start of the new season, Ferguson received much criticism, particular in the guise of an article in \"The Guardian\" titled \"Shredding his legacy at every turn\". In 2006, Michael Carrick was signed", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534444", "text": "In the end, he paid £1 million for 23-year-old Cambridge United striker Dion Dublin – his only major signing of the summer. After a slow start to the 1992–93 season (they were 10th of 22 at the beginning of November) it looked as though United would miss out on the league title (now the Premier League) yet again. However, after the purchase of French striker Eric Cantona from Leeds for £1.2 million, the future of Manchester United, and Ferguson's position as manager, began to look bright. Cantona formed a strong partnership with Mark Hughes. On 10 April 1993, United were", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534469", "text": "Manchester to discuss formalities and was informed of Van Nistelrooy's troubled right knee. Ferguson was not agitated by this; he recalled from experience a similar niggle that did not stop his playing career. Van Nistelrooy, however, failed his medical, but Ferguson reassured him that \"we might yet find a way out of the nightmare\". The deal was resurrected in April 2001 for a British record transfer fee of £19 million. In the 2000–01 season, United retained the league title for a third season, becoming only the fourth side in history to do so. The achievement was overshadowed by reports of", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534450", "text": "cover for the long periods that United were left without some of their more experienced stars. However, the championship slipped out of Manchester United's grasp as they drew 1–1 with West Ham United on the final day of the season, when a win would have given them a third successive league title. United also lost the FA Cup final in a 1–0 defeat by Everton. Ferguson was heavily criticised in the summer of 1995 when three of United's star players were allowed to leave and replacements were not bought. First Paul Ince moved to Internazionale of Italy for £7.5 million,", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "5402236", "text": "summer, Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a world record £80 million. In 2010, Manchester United defeated Aston Villa 2–1 at Wembley to retain the League Cup, their first successful defence of a knockout cup competition. Alex Ferguson joined Manchester United from Aberdeen on 6 November 1986, the same day that previous manager Ron Atkinson was dismissed, and immediately set about rebuilding the club's youth system. In Ferguson's first game in charge, the team lost 2–0 to Oxford United; his first victory came on 22 November 1986, a 1–0 defeat of Queens Park Rangers at Old Trafford. Over", "title": "History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)" }, { "id": "3188099", "text": "Ireland went down to ten men after 58 minutes but scored nine minutes later and won 1–0. The Netherlands fell seven points behind them with two games left to play, meaning that they failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time since 1986. Van Gaal stepped down as manager on 31 January 2002 to be replaced by Dick Advocaat. After this, speculation began that Van Gaal would succeed Sir Alex Ferguson at Manchester United once Ferguson claimed he would retire that year. According to Van Gaal, Ferguson decided against retiring and the deal fell through. Van Gaal", "title": "Louis van Gaal" }, { "id": "5402266", "text": "After Eric Cantona's decision to stay with Manchester United, Internazionale turned their attention to United midfielder Paul Ince, who finally agreed to sign for the Italian giants for £7.5 million on 22 June 1995. The next day, the sale of striker Mark Hughes to Chelsea was announced. Shortly afterwards, unsettled winger and top scorer Andrei Kanchelskis was put on the transfer list, and was subsequently sold to Everton. Alex Ferguson came under intense pressure from media and fans for selling three key players after the disappointing end to the 1994–95 season, with the \"Manchester Evening News\" even conducting a survey", "title": "History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)" }, { "id": "534434", "text": "Bermuda national team and the Somerset Cricket Club. In the match against Somerset, both Ferguson himself and his assistant, Archie Knox, took to the field, with Knox even getting on the scoresheet. The match was Ferguson's only appearance for the Manchester United first team. United were expected to do well when Mark Hughes returned to the club two years after leaving for Barcelona, but the 1988–89 season was a disappointment for them, finishing 11th in the league and losing 1–0 at home to Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup Sixth Round. They had begun the season slowly, going on a", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "14922909", "text": "Wilfried Zaha Dazet Wilfried Armel Zaha (born 10 November 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club Crystal Palace and the Ivorian national team. Zaha advanced into the Crystal Palace first team from their academy in 2010. In January 2013, he transferred to Manchester United for an initial fee of £10 million, Alex Ferguson's last transfer before his retirement at the end of the season. Zaha remained on loan at Palace until the end of the season, helping them return to the Premier League. After an unsuccessful 2013–14 season with Manchester United (partly spent", "title": "Wilfried Zaha" }, { "id": "534470", "text": "a rift between the club's board and Ferguson. He told the club's television channel MUTV that he was prepared to sever all ties with the club, once his contract ended the following year: \"The decision has been taken. I'm going to leave the club. I'm disappointed with what has happened because I was hoping something would be sorted out. It hasn't happened as I thought it would and that's all there is to it.\" Both parties eventually reached a compromise which pleased Ferguson: \"I am delighted we've settled this. When you have been at the club as long as I", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534474", "text": "United was unsuccessful in Europe, losing their Champions League semi-final on away goals to Bayer Leverkusen. Early exits from the League Cup and FA Cup meant they ended the season trophyless. Ferguson himself said that the decision to pre-announce his retirement had resulted in a negative effect on the players and on his ability to impose discipline. In June 2002, Ferguson appointed Carlos Queiroz as his new assistant. The recommendation came from Andy Roxburgh, at a time when United began scouting for southern-hemisphere footballers and wanted a multilingual coach. Ferguson was so impressed with Queiroz after their first meeting, he", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "3300684", "text": "Manchester United when Alex Ferguson retired. He was quoted as saying, \"I would consider going to Manchester United but United have to consider if they want me to succeed Sir Alex Ferguson. If they do, then of course.\" Adriano left Inter in April 2009, and the exit of the Brazilian striker was followed by the Argentine duo Julio Cruz and Hernán Crespo. Legendary Portuguese attacking midfielder and veteran Luís Figo retired. Figo was on the verge of leaving Inter under Mancini due to a lack of playing time but in his final season, Mourinho used him frequently. Mourinho signed Argentine", "title": "José Mourinho" }, { "id": "3201890", "text": "Christmas. On 16 January 2010, Van der Sar returned to action in a 3–0 win over Burnley. Van der Sar signed a one-year extension to his current contract with Manchester United on 26 February 2010, keeping him at the club until at least the end of the 2010–11 season. On 23 December 2010, British press reported that Sir Alex Ferguson had confirmed Van der Sar would retire at the end of the 2010–11 Premier League season. Although he denied the reports at the time, Van der Sar confirmed on 27 January 2011 it now was his intention. On 12 March,", "title": "Edwin van der Sar" }, { "id": "534485", "text": "of Carrick, which was questioned and criticised by a large portion of the media, brought stability and further creativity in the United midfield, forming an effective partnership with Paul Scholes. Park Ji-sung and Ryan Giggs both underlined their value to the first team squad by adding significant pace and incisiveness in attack with Wayne Rooney and Cristiano Ronaldo. Ferguson celebrated the 20th anniversary of his appointment as manager of Manchester United on 6 November 2006. Tributes also came from Ferguson's players, both past and present, as well as his old foe, Arsène Wenger, his old captain, Roy Keane, and current", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "2170532", "text": "leave the club to succeed Ferguson. Some fans at Everton dubbed Moyes \"Dithering Dave\", criticising what they saw as indecisive management, particularly regarding transfers. On 9 May 2013, Manchester United announced that Moyes would take over the club following Sir Alex Ferguson's retirement as manager. He signed a six-year contract with the club, and officially took up his managerial position at United on 1 July 2013. His first unofficial game as United manager ended in defeat as Teeratep Winothai scored the only goal for Singha All Stars in Bangkok on 13 July 2013. On 11 August 2013, he won his", "title": "David Moyes" }, { "id": "534494", "text": "title and thus overtaking Liverpool's record of 18. Manchester United faced Barcelona again on 28 May 2011 in the 2011 Champions League final, their third in four years, but United lost 3–1. Analyst Alan Hansen stated that he believed Ferguson was \"the key component\" in United's success that season, so key in fact that \"[he] would have claimed the crown with any of the other top sides had he been in charge of them\". With Edwin van der Sar, Gary Neville and Paul Scholes all retiring in 2011, Ferguson spent big by signing defender Phil Jones from Blackburn and winger", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534428", "text": "him to fulfil his international duties he appointed Archie Knox as his co-manager at Aberdeen. However, after Scotland failed to progress past the group stages of the World Cup, Ferguson stepped down as national team manager on 15 June 1986. Around this time, Tottenham Hotspur offered Ferguson the chance to take over from Peter Shreeves as manager, but he rejected this offer and the job went to Luton Town's David Pleat instead. There was also an offer for Ferguson to replace Don Howe as Arsenal manager, but he rejected this offer as well, and fellow Scot George Graham took the", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "10997110", "text": "Earlier in the summer, captain Steve Bruce had departed to Birmingham City on a free transfer after almost a decade at Old Trafford, while Paul Parker left on a free transfer after his final two seasons at the club had been plagued by injury and the loss of his place in the team to Gary Neville. The season ended with a major shock as Eric Cantona announced his retirement from playing, prompting manager Alex Ferguson to search for a new striker. The search ended with the £3.5 million capture of Tottenham Hotspur and England 31-year-old Teddy Sheringham. United beat Tottenham", "title": "1996–97 Manchester United F.C. season" }, { "id": "534481", "text": "from the League Cup at the hands of eventual winners Chelsea (who also clinched the Premier League title) meant that 2004–05 was a rare instance of a trophyless season for United. During the season, Ferguson managed his 1,000th game in charge of United in a 2–1 home win against Lyon. Ferguson's preparations for the 2005–06 season were disrupted by a high-profile dispute with major shareholder John Magnier, over the ownership of the racehorse Rock of Gibraltar. When Magnier and business partner J. P. McManus agreed to sell their shares to American business tycoon Malcolm Glazer, it cleared the way for", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534466", "text": "it.\" He and Schmeichel, the stand-in captain, jointly lifted the cup during the trophy presentation. A crowd of over 500,000 people turned out on the streets of Manchester to greet the players, who paraded through the city in an open-top bus. As European champions, United were invited to play in the Intercontinental Cup. The club also entered the inaugural Club World Championship, which was held in Brazil. This brought about a potential fixture congestion so United accepted the FA's recommendation of withdrawing from the FA Cup, the first holders to do so. In later years, Ferguson elaborated on the club's", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "17624485", "text": "Alex Ferguson: My Autobiography Alex Ferguson: My Autobiography is the second official autobiography of Alex Ferguson, the former football manager and player. It was released on 30 October 2013 and covers the period from 2000 to 2013. Ferguson says that he saw Manchester United \"change from a conventional football club to what is now a major business enterprise and he never failed to move with the times.\" He says that it was nothing other than his \"man-management\" skills that helped him to deal with the global stars. His relationship with Cristiano Ronaldo has got special importance in the book. He", "title": "Alex Ferguson: My Autobiography" }, { "id": "534440", "text": "the European Cup Winners' Cup, beating that season's Spanish champions Barcelona 2–1. After the match, Ferguson vowed that United would win the league the following season, and at long last he seemed to have won over the last of his sceptics after nearly five years in the job. During the 1991 close season, Ferguson's assistant Archie Knox departed to Rangers to become assistant to Walter Smith, and Ferguson promoted youth team coach Brian Kidd to the role of assistant manager in Knox's place. He also made two major signings – goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel and defender Paul Parker – to bolster", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "1514882", "text": "hit it on the volley to seal the win. On 23 May 2013, it was announced that Ferdinand had secured a new one-year contract that would see him stay with the club until the end of the 2013–14 season. He was not offered an extension when that contract expired, and agreed to leave Manchester United on 12 May 2014. In a letter on his official website, he said \"I am feeling fit and healthy, ready for a new challenge and looking forward to whatever the future holds for me.\" On 17 July 2014, Ferdinand signed for newly promoted Premier League", "title": "Rio Ferdinand" }, { "id": "534486", "text": "players. The party was spoiled the following day when United endured a single-goal defeat at the hands of Southend United in the fourth round of the League Cup. On 1 December, however, it was announced that Manchester United had signed 35-year-old Henrik Larsson on loan, a player that Ferguson had admired for many years, and attempted to capture previously. On 23 December 2006, Cristiano Ronaldo scored the club's 2,000th goal under the helm of Ferguson in a match against Aston Villa. Manchester United subsequently won their ninth Premier League title but were denied a unique fourth double by Chelsea's Didier", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "266427", "text": "players. In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup. Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager, including 13 Premier League titles, 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues, between 1986 and 2013, when he announced his retirement. Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2016–17, with an annual revenue of €676.3 million, and the world's most valuable football club in 2018, valued at £3.1 billion. As of June 2015, it is the world's most valuable football brand, estimated to be worth $1.2", "title": "Manchester United F.C." }, { "id": "14464279", "text": "as manager of Middlesbrough, who began the season as Championship promotion favourites but now occupy 20th place. 19 October 2010: Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson reveals that striker Wayne Rooney wants to leave the club, having recently decided against signing an extension to his contract which will expire at the end of next season. 22 October 2010: Wayne Rooney makes a surprise u-turn on his future and signs a new five-year contract with Manchester United. Portsmouth are reported to be on the brink of bankruptcy after talks with former owner and key creditor Sacha Gaydamak broke down. 24 October", "title": "2010–11 in English football" }, { "id": "6856255", "text": "Evra revealed he preferred to move to England to join Manchester United. The following day, Manchester United officially issued a transfer bid for the player. On 6 January, United manager Sir Alex Ferguson confirmed a deal for Evra was reached. Four days later, the transfer was official as Evra joined the club for a transfer fee of around £5.5 million and signed a three-and-a-half-year contract. Evra's arrival signalled Ferguson's intention to shore up the club's defence that had suffered since the sidelining of Gabriel Heinze. After joining the club, Evra affirmed that Manchester was his only future destination: \"I was", "title": "Patrice Evra" }, { "id": "7419610", "text": "2008. During his time as first-team coach, he helped Sir Alex Ferguson secure the Premier League title in 2008–09, 2010–11 and 2012–13; the Community Shield in 2008, 2010, 2011, the League Cup in 2008–09 and 2009–10; the UEFA Champions League in 2007–08 and FIFA Club World Cup in 2008. Manchester United confirmed his departure from the club on 26 June 2013, after incoming manager David Moyes decided to bring in his own coaching team. On 1 July 2013, Meulensteen signed a contract with FC Anzhi Makhachkala joining Guus Hiddink as an assistant coach. Hiddink left Anzhi after only two games", "title": "René Meulensteen" }, { "id": "534475", "text": "offered him the job \"right away\". In July 2002, United paid £29.3 million for Leeds United defender Rio Ferdinand. The club broke the British transfer record once more, though this did not concern Ferguson: \"We have the right to try and improve ourselves and there's nothing wrong with that.\" The 2002–03 season began rather poorly for United; the club made its worst start to a league campaign in 13 years. In a column for \"The Daily Telegraph\", Hansen said Ferguson \"will recognise this difficult start to the season for what it is: the greatest challenge of his career\". Ferguson's response", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534436", "text": "on the opening day, but United's league form quickly turned sour. In September, United suffered a humiliating 5–1 away defeat against fierce rivals Manchester City. Following this and an early season run of six defeats and two draws in eight games, a banner declaring, \"Three years of excuses and it's still crap ... ta-ra Fergie.\" was displayed at Old Trafford, and many journalists and supporters called for Ferguson to be sacked. Ferguson later described December 1989 as \"the darkest period [he had] ever suffered in the game\", as United ended the decade just outside the relegation zone. Following a run", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "16513407", "text": "Alex Ferguson announced that he would retire from his position as manager of Manchester United after 26 and a half years in charge, making him the longest-serving manager of any English club by this stage. He had won 38 trophies during that time — more than any other manager in the history of football, and at 71 was the oldest serving manager currently in the Premier League or Football League. The next day, Manchester United announced that David Moyes of Everton would take over from Ferguson at the beginning of the 2013–14 season. Manchester United preceded their 2012–13 campaign with", "title": "2012–13 Manchester United F.C. season" }, { "id": "534432", "text": "would be their only away win of the league campaign at title challengers and deadly rivals Liverpool on Boxing Day, it was clear that United were on the road to recovery. 1987 began on a high note with a 4–1 victory over Newcastle United and United gradually pulled together in the second half of the season, with relatively occasional defeats on the way, and finished 11th in the final table. Ferguson's mother Elizabeth died of lung cancer, aged 64, three weeks after his appointment. Ferguson appointed Archie Knox, his assistant at Aberdeen, as his assistant at Manchester United in 1986.", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534476", "text": "was typically bullish: Several players were sent away for surgery in this period, a \"minor gamble\" Ferguson took in the hope they would return energised. Defeats, such as the one to Manchester City at Maine Road in November 2002, forced United to change their playing style. The team \"moved the ball forward more and quicker rather than concentrating on possession ratios,\" and the coaching staff tried accommodating Diego Forlán with Ruud van Nistelrooy, before settling with Paul Scholes. United's league form improved as the season went on despite defeat by Liverpool in the 2003 Football League Cup Final and they", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "12009237", "text": "centre-back Pat McGibbon, English forward Dion Dublin. French forward Eric Cantona joined later on 27 November. On 19 March, Kieran Toal left United to sign for Motherwell. Raphael Burke was released on 10 April, while Russell Beardsmore joined Bournemouth on 29 June. Adrian Doherty, George Switzer, and Ian Wilkinson left the club a day after Beardsmore's departure. United's only winter arrival was Les Sealey, who signed from Aston Villa on 6 January. After a shortage of goals in the second half of the previous season had cost United the league title, Alex Ferguson began the hunt to sign a new", "title": "1992–93 Manchester United F.C. season" }, { "id": "2170511", "text": "10th anniversary at the club Moyes received praise from many fellow managers including Sir Alex Ferguson, Arsène Wenger and Kenny Dalglish for his achievements at Everton. His service to Everton was also praised in Parliament by Steve Rotheram MP. He succeeded Sir Alex Ferguson as manager of Manchester United, but was sacked after 10 months. Moyes subsequently managed Real Sociedad in La Liga but was sacked after just under a year in charge. In July 2016, Moyes replaced Sam Allardyce as manager of Sunderland. In April 2017, Sunderland's relegation to the EFL Championship was confirmed, and Moyes resigned a month", "title": "David Moyes" }, { "id": "11997429", "text": "the founder members of the FA Premier League for the 1992–93 season, as the top 22 clubs broke away from the Football League. Five years after becoming manager of Manchester United, Alex Ferguson finally enjoyed much-awaited success at the club. In 1990, he ended his fourth season in charge with FA Cup glory that ended the club's five-year trophy drought, and followed it up a year later with European Cup Winners' Cup glory. He now prepared his squad for an assault on the league title that had not been United's since 1967, when Matt Busby had been manager and the", "title": "1991–92 Manchester United F.C. season" }, { "id": "17476009", "text": "the first team squad for the League Cup Third round match against West Bromwich Albion on 22 September, where he was an unused substitute for the entire game. Prior to the 2011–12 season, Veseli featured prominently at the 2011 World Football Challenge but did not make any first-team appearance that year. On 31 January 2012, the last day of the 2012 winter transfer window, Veseli moved across the city to Alex Ferguson's Manchester United on a free transfer. Manchester United released Veseli at the end of his contract in July 2013. In July 2013, Veseli was signed by Mick McCarthy's", "title": "Freddie Veseli" }, { "id": "534437", "text": "of seven games without a win, Manchester United were drawn away to Nottingham Forest in the third round of the FA Cup. Forest were performing well that season and were in the process of winning the League Cup for the second season running, and it was expected that United would lose the match and Ferguson would consequently be sacked, but United won the game 1–0 due to a Mark Robins goal and eventually reached the final. This cup win is often cited as the match that saved Ferguson's Old Trafford career, even though it has since been stated that his", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534480", "text": "beginning of the 2004–05 season, teenage striker Wayne Rooney (the world's most expensive teenager at more than £20 million) and Argentine defender Gabriel Heinze joined United while Cristiano Ronaldo continued where he had left off the previous season by putting in more match-winning performances. But the lack of a striker after Ruud van Nistelrooy spent most of the season injured saw the club finish third for the third time in four seasons. In the 2004–05 FA Cup, they lost on penalties to Arsenal. A second round exit from the European Cup at the hands of Milan and a semi-final exit", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534506", "text": "after the change of manager. Stoke City manager Tony Pulis followed soon after in recalling two former Manchester United players from Preston as well, stating the need for the players to supplement his team's intensive schedule. Preston were relegated at the end of the season. Ferguson has received numerous punishments for abusing and publicly criticising match officials when he has perceived them to be at fault: It has also been suggested that Ferguson's intimidation of referees results in so-called \"Fergie Time\": that is, unusually generous injury time being added in matches where Manchester United are behind. The phrase is at", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "10305395", "text": "from television pictures, to have crossed the goal line before bouncing back out into play. No goal was given, and Manchester United went on to win the tie with a goal from Mark Robins. Had Henry's goal been given and Oldham gone on to win the match, it is highly possible, if contemporaneous press speculation were to be believed, that Alex Ferguson would have been sacked as manager of Manchester United, after another trophy-less season in which his team were languishing in mid-table of the (then) First Division. Had this happened, the shift in the balance of footballing power towards", "title": "Nick Henry" }, { "id": "17233165", "text": "Tottenham Hotspur, despite a somewhat turbulent season that saw the departure of Gareth Bale, the sacking of André Villas-Boas a few days before Christmas, and replacement manager Tim Sherwood days after the season ended, took sixth place and the final Europa League spot. Arguably, the biggest shock of the season was defending champions Manchester United's woeful relinquishment of their Premier League trophy. The retirement of Sir Alex Ferguson, an aging squad and terrible form at home (including losses to West Bromwich Albion, Newcastle United, Sunderland and Everton, who had never won at United under former boss and current United manager", "title": "2013–14 in English football" }, { "id": "5399263", "text": "right. Offers came in from other big clubs, including Manchester United, where Alex Ferguson was rebuilding his midfield around Bryan Robson, but Steven chose Ibrox when he exited Goodison Park in the 1989 close season. His main reason for doing so seemed to be the attraction of European football, as the ban on English clubs was ongoing and Steven had been denied the chance to play in the European Cup with Everton as a consequence. So, after 299 appearances and 60 goals, Steven left Everton in a £1.5 million deal and went to Scotland. Despite being the latest in a", "title": "Trevor Steven" }, { "id": "142724", "text": "League from 1996 to his retirement at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season, and holds the record for most matches managed in the Premier League with 828, all with Arsenal. He broke the record set by Alex Ferguson, who had managed 810 matches with Manchester United from the Premier League's inception to his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season. Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season, meaning he was manager for the last five years of the old Football League First Division and all of", "title": "Premier League" }, { "id": "534451", "text": "long-serving striker Mark Hughes was sold to Chelsea in a £1.5 million deal, and Andrei Kanchelskis was sold to Everton. Ferguson felt that United had a number of young players who were ready to play in the first team. The youngsters, who would be known as \"Fergie's Fledglings\", included Gary Neville, Phil Neville, David Beckham, Paul Scholes and Nicky Butt, who would all go on to be important members of the team. And so the 1995–96 season began without a major signing, at a time when the likes of Arsenal, Liverpool and Newcastle were making the headlines with big-money signings.", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "1622611", "text": "a transfer request in August 2004, despite Everton having made a new contract offer valued at £50,000 per week. Everton then rejected a bid of £20 million from Newcastle, and ultimately signed for Manchester United at the end of the month after a £25.6 million deal was reached. It was the highest fee ever paid for a player under 20 years old; Rooney was still only 18 when he left Everton. Sir Alex Ferguson, then manager of United, said that \"There were plenty of eyebrows raised\" when he persuaded the club's board of directors to sanction \"a multi-million pound\" move", "title": "Wayne Rooney" }, { "id": "3201883", "text": "Villa in his final season at the club he memorably saved two penalties from Juan Pablo Angel in a 1–1 draw. His performances for the Cottagers caught the eye of Manchester United and the attention of Sir Alex Ferguson. Van der Sar signed for Manchester United on 10 June 2005 for a reported fee of £2 million, although the exact transfer fee was undisclosed. Former Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson considers him the best goalkeeper to have played for the club since Peter Schmeichel. On 5 May 2007, his penalty save from Darius Vassell helped assure a 1–0 triumph", "title": "Edwin van der Sar" }, { "id": "14060059", "text": "of the Decade Award, having been in charge of all 392 of their games for the entire decade. After a playing career in Scotland, by the time of his move to Manchester United in November 1986, Alex Ferguson was already a recognised successful football manager in Scotland, having got St Mirren promoted to the Scottish Premier Division from the Scottish First Division as champions in the 1976–77 season, and going on to win several domestic and European trophies from 1980 to 1986 with Aberdeen, and being awarded the OBE in 1984. After winning some domestic English cup competitions with United", "title": "Premier League 10 Seasons Awards" }, { "id": "5024953", "text": "goals. He joined Manchester United at a time when Alex Ferguson was still looking for his first trophy as manager of Manchester United three years after taking charge. United had not won the league title since 1967, and when Ferguson had taken over in November 1986 he inherited a squad which had won two FA Cups under Ron Atkinson but was soon being broken up, with many players being sold, while a few including Bryan Robson and Mark Hughes remained an integral part of Ferguson's plans to take United a step further, with the major signings of this era including", "title": "Danny Wallace (footballer)" }, { "id": "16513432", "text": "the season after losing 0–1, courtesy of a Phil Jones own goal. A week later, Sir Alex Ferguson managed his last game at Old Trafford against Swansea. United took the lead through Javier Hernández, but conceded a strike from Michu in the 52nd minute. Quite oddly, it was Rio Ferdinand who scored the winner with three minutes to go, smashing home a Van Persie corner. Ferguson retired with dignity as he and his team received their medals. Ferguson's last game in charge was against West Brom at The Hawthorns, taking a 5–2 lead with ten minutes to go. But they", "title": "2012–13 Manchester United F.C. season" }, { "id": "534511", "text": "in a list of the biggest private financial donors to the Labour Party. He is a self-described socialist. In January 2011 Graham Stringer, a Labour MP in Manchester and Manchester United supporter, called for Ferguson to be made a life peer. Stringer and fellow Manchester Labour MP Paul Goggins repeated this call after Ferguson announced his retirement in May 2013. In 2009 Ferguson received an honorary doctorate in business administration from the Manchester Metropolitan University. During the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, Ferguson supported the Better Together campaign for Scotland remaining a part of the United Kingdom. He criticised the Scottish", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "1625136", "text": "was made an inaugural inductee of the English Football Hall of Fame. Later in 1998, Cantona organised a match of Manchester United players against other players from around the world in what was originally designed to be a memorial for the victims of the Munich Air Disaster in 1958 and their families, but which was merged with a testimonial for Cantona himself. In his 1999 autobiography \"Managing My Life\", Alex Ferguson claimed that Cantona had informed him of his decision to retire from playing within 24 hours of Manchester United's Champions League semi-final defeat to Borussia Dortmund, though the decision", "title": "Eric Cantona" }, { "id": "534419", "text": "petty\" and \"immature\". It was claimed during the tribunal by St Mirren chairman, Willie Todd, that Ferguson had \"no managerial ability\". In 2008, \"The Guardian\" published an interview with Todd (then aged 87), who had sacked Ferguson many years earlier. Todd explained that the fundamental reason for the dismissal was a breach of contract relating to Ferguson having agreed to join Aberdeen. Ferguson told journalist Jim Rodger of the \"Daily Mirror\" that he had asked at least one member of the squad to go to Aberdeen with him. He told the St Mirren staff he was leaving. Todd expressed regret", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534500", "text": "Ferguson was appointed manager in November 1986. Ferguson thought that Strachan did not play for United with the same confidence he had in Scotland and subsequently sold him to Leeds United in 1989. Strachan enjoyed significant success with Leeds as a veteran player, helping them win the 1991–92 English league championship in a title race with Ferguson's United. Their relationship continued to be frosty as Strachan moved into management himself. In his 1999 autobiography, Ferguson stated that Strachan \"could not be trusted an inch – I would not want to expose my back to him in a hurry\". Strachan's reaction", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534492", "text": "League with a game to spare, making Ferguson the first manager in the history of English football to win the Premier League three times consecutively, on two separate occasions. Ferguson had now won 11 league titles at Manchester United, and the 2008–09 season title success put them level with Liverpool as league champions on a record 18 occasions in total. They also won the League Cup on penalties after a goalless Wembley draw with Tottenham. They contested the 2009 Champions League final against Barcelona on 27 May 2009 but lost 2–0. In 2009–10, Ferguson added another League Cup to his", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534487", "text": "Drogba scoring a late goal in the FA Cup final at Wembley Stadium. In the Champions League, the club reached the semi-finals, recording a 7–1 home win over Roma in the quarter-final second leg, but lost at the San Siro to Milan 3–0 in the second leg of the semi-final after being 3–2 up from the first leg. For the 2007–08 season, Ferguson made notable signings to reinforce United's first team. Long-term target Owen Hargreaves joined from Bayern Munich, young Portuguese winger Nani and Brazilian playmaker Anderson joined soon after, while the last summer signing was West Ham and Argentina", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534443", "text": "first half of the season. Ferguson felt that his failure to secure the signing of Mick Harford from Luton Town had cost United the league, and that he needed \"an extra dimension\" to the team if they were to win the league the following season. During the 1992 close season, Ferguson went on the hunt for a new striker. He first attempted to sign Alan Shearer from Southampton, but lost out to Blackburn Rovers. He also made at least one approach for the Sheffield Wednesday striker David Hirst, but manager Trevor Francis rejected all offers and the player stayed put.", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "9522693", "text": "League in their first top division season since the early 1980s. After the appointment of David Moyes as manager in March 2002, Everton fought back from a decade where they had mostly finished mid table or just above the relegation zone and became a regular fixture in the Premier League's top seven places, qualifying for Europe on several occasions, although they failed to win a major trophy. At the end of 2012-13, Sir Alex Ferguson announced his retirement as manager of Manchester United after 27 years and 38 trophies. His successor was Everton manager David Moyes, who was sacked within", "title": "History of football in England" }, { "id": "2892766", "text": "Matt Busby Sir Alexander Matthew Busby, CBE, KCSG (26 May 1909 – 20 January 1994) was a Scottish football player and manager, who managed Manchester United between 1945 and 1969 and again for the second half of the 1970–71 season. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time. His managerial records and longevity at the helm of Manchester United are surpassed only by Sir Alex Ferguson. Before going into management, Busby was a player for two of Manchester United's greatest rivals, Manchester City and Liverpool. During his time at City, Busby played in two FA", "title": "Matt Busby" }, { "id": "534507", "text": "least as old as 2004, but the concept first appeared on 10 April 1993 when Steve Bruce scored a 97th minute goal (seventh minute of injury time added on by the referee) against Sheffield Wednesday to win the game for United: they went top of the league with this win and remained there until the season ended. The concept would crop up in the media (and by opponents) whenever games seemed to be having more injury time than expected. A statistical analysis by \"The Times\" suggests that this concept might be valid, though the article points out that other footballing", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534513", "text": "was made an Inaugural Inductee of the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 in recognition of his impact on the English game as a manager. In 2003, Ferguson became an inaugural recipient of the FA Coaching Diploma, awarded to all coaches who had at least ten years' experience of being a manager or head coach. He is the Vice-President of the National Football Museum, based in Manchester, and a member of the Executive Committee of the League Managers Association. On 5 November 2011, the Old Trafford North Stand was officially renamed the Sir Alex Ferguson Stand in honour of", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "534468", "text": "and a record points margin of 18. In December 1999, the club beat Palmeiras in Tokyo to win the Intercontinental Cup, but a month later exited at the group stage of the inaugural Club World Championship, although Ferguson insisted the tournament was \"fantastic\". United failed to retain the Champions League, as they lost in the quarter-final stage to eventual winners Real Madrid. Ferguson sought to strengthen his squad and signed Fabien Barthez from Monaco for £7.8 million. He also monitored the progress of Ruud van Nistelrooy, \"a striker of the highest calibre\". He met the player and his agent in", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "8980933", "text": "any of his other best players leave, but that he would make an exception for Manchester United. Milne's form at Bristol City was enough to convince Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson that he was still worth a contract with a top-flight club. In November 1988 he moved to Old Trafford in a £170,000 deal. Ferguson was looking to build a title winning side two years after joining United, but had seen his side finish second in the league the previous season and now they were on a winless run in the league that saw them mid-table. He put Milne on", "title": "Ralph Milne" }, { "id": "5032812", "text": "Meanwhile, his efforts helped Manchester United enjoy some of the finest moments of their history during the 1990s and 2000s. The appointment of Alex Ferguson as manager in 1986 was indeed the turning point in United's history after two decades of relative mediocrity, but it took time for things to improve. United finished second in the league in 1987–88 (Ferguson's first full season as manager), and around this time Edwards had made millions of pounds available to strengthen the squad with the reacquisition of Mark Hughes as well as the signing of high-profile players, including Brian McClair, Gary Pallister, Paul", "title": "Martin Edwards" }, { "id": "5301986", "text": "and Coventry City, as well as missing two penalties at home to Chelsea which enabled the West Londoners to grab all three points. The final straw came on 4 November 1986, when United lost 4–1 at Southampton in a League Cup third round replay. On the morning of 6 November 1986, the club's board announced that Atkinson had been sacked as manager, and later that day, Alex Ferguson was named as his successor. Ferguson had won a host of trophies north of the border to help break up the Old Firm dominance of Rangers and Celtic, who had dominated the", "title": "History of Manchester United F.C. (1969–86)" }, { "id": "534446", "text": "ended United's 26-year wait for a League Championship, and also made them the first Premier League Champions. United had finished champions with a ten-point margin over runners-up Aston Villa, whose 1–0 defeat at Oldham Athletic on 2 May 1993 had given United the title. Ferguson was voted Manager of the Year by the League Managers' Association. The 1993–94 season brought more success. Ferguson added Nottingham Forest's 22-year-old midfielder Roy Keane to the ranks for a British record fee of £3.75 million as a long term replacement for Bryan Robson, who was nearing the end of his career. United led the", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "18239133", "text": "Alex Ferguson in November 2011 convinced Pereira to sign for the Old Trafford club. Due to regulations regarding international transfers, the move could not be completed until Pereira's 16th birthday on 1 January 2012, and further complications with international clearance meant that his Manchester United debut was delayed until April 2012. He made his debut for the under-18s in a league match away to Sheffield Wednesday on 25 April 2012, but heavy rain meant the match had to be abandoned as a goalless draw after 35 minutes. He made two more appearances that season as the under-18s finished eighth out", "title": "Andreas Pereira" }, { "id": "4967385", "text": "2000 following the departure of Martin Edwards. Kenyon was influential in persuading long-serving manager Alex Ferguson to remain at the club despite Ferguson's original intention to retire in 2002. One of the other notable aspects of Kenyon's time in charge was the fact that the club dismissed their rigid wage structure and spent large sums of money on players such as Juan Sebastián Verón and Rio Ferdinand. In 2003, Kenyon moved to Chelsea, which was seen as controversial as he had previously proclaimed himself as a lifelong Manchester United supporter. At Chelsea, Kenyon was involved in high-profile incidents, including an", "title": "Peter Kenyon" }, { "id": "10871192", "text": "handful of appearances. After ending the previous season by surrendering the title to Arsenal at home and finishing third behind rejuvenated Liverpool, Alex Ferguson reiterated his desire to dominate English football by signing a three-year contract in the late winter of 2002. By the end of the season, Ferguson got his wish and bagged Manchester United their fifteenth domestic league title, thanks largely to the form of striker Ruud van Nistelrooy who scored an impressive 25 goals during the run-in. The manager also assembled a new defence which included new signing Rio Ferdinand, whose deal broke the transfer record in", "title": "2002–03 Manchester United F.C. season" }, { "id": "11997392", "text": "Manchester United's erratic start to the season, the board offered Alex Ferguson a new contract with the club to take him up to the end of the 1992–93 season, and he accepted it. By mid October, Michael Knighton had pulled out of his takeover bid, and accepted a non-executive role on the board of directors. Later that month, Manchester United's hopes of winning the Football League Cup for the first time were ended with a 3–0 home defeat by Tottenham Hotspur in the third round. On 30 December 1989, Manchester United played their final game of the 1980s, a 2–2", "title": "1989–90 Manchester United F.C. season" }, { "id": "1514883", "text": "club Queens Park Rangers on a one-year contract. He returned to Old Trafford for the first time since leaving Manchester United on 14 September 2014 to face his former club in the Premier League in which his side was beaten 4–0. In October 2014, Ferdinand confirmed in an interview on \"The Jonathan Ross Show\" that he would retire at the end of the season, saying \"I'm not fearful of retirement, I'm looking forward to it, I can see some good stuff hopefully happening ahead\". In May 2015, following their relegation, Queens Park Rangers announced the release of Ferdinand in the", "title": "Rio Ferdinand" }, { "id": "17485166", "text": "has regularly visited his extended family there during the summer. Januzaj began his football career with FC Brussels but joined Anderlecht as a 10-year-old in 2005. He left Anderlecht for Manchester United at the age of 16 in March 2011, after impressing in a skills session in Brussels. Towards the end of the 2012–13 season, United manager Sir Alex Ferguson promoted Januzaj to the first-team and he was registered with the number 44 jersey; he did not feature in the remainder of the season, but he was an unused substitute in the final game of the season away to West", "title": "Adnan Januzaj" }, { "id": "3667684", "text": "(two of them in the 9–0 defeat of Ipswich Town at Old Trafford on 4 March 1995) and managed a total of 12 in all competitions (two in the FA Cup and another two in the European Cup). By the time of his departure from Manchester United, he was the last player at the club to have been there before the appointment of Sir Alex Ferguson as manager in November 1986. Hughes left Old Trafford for the second and final time in June 1995 when he was sold to Chelsea for £1 million, in a summer that also saw the", "title": "Mark Hughes" }, { "id": "266440", "text": "favourite to win the league, but finished in fourth place. The following season, with the club in danger of relegation by November, Atkinson was dismissed. Alex Ferguson and his assistant Archie Knox arrived from Aberdeen on the day of Atkinson's dismissal, and guided the club to an 11th-place finish in the league. Despite a second-place finish in 1987–88, the club was back in 11th place the following season. Reportedly on the verge of being dismissed, victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final replay (after a 3–3 draw) saved Ferguson's career. The following season, Manchester United claimed its", "title": "Manchester United F.C." }, { "id": "534464", "text": "shown a yellow card for a foul on Edgar Davids, which prevented him from playing in the final. Yorke equalised, before Cole added a third to win the match outright. Keane's performance merited praise from Ferguson: Days after the FA Cup final, United travelled to Barcelona, the setting for the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final. Ferguson contemplated his team selection against Bayern Munich; suspensions to Scholes and Keane ruled both players out of the match. Beckham was positioned in centre midfield, while Giggs moved to the right wing and Blomqvist started on the left – changes the manager felt would", "title": "Alex Ferguson" }, { "id": "11997387", "text": "be sacked, and media reports had suggested that the former Everton manager Howard Kendall would be appointed as his successor; Kendall was appointed by United's local rivals Manchester City during the season. Alex Ferguson began his fourth season as Manchester United manager desperate to bring a major trophy – and ultimately the league title – to Old Trafford for the first time in his reign. During the close season, he brought in Mike Phelan signs from Norwich City for £750,000 and Neil Webb from Nottingham Forest for £1.5 million, rebuilding his midfield following the sale of Gordon Strachan to Leeds", "title": "1989–90 Manchester United F.C. season" }, { "id": "774686", "text": "cancer at his home in County Durham, aged 76, after a long battle with the disease. After the news of his death, leading figures from the world of football and politics paid tribute to him. Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson called him a \"great friend, a wonderful individual and tremendous football man\". UEFA president Michel Platini said, \"He will be remembered not only for his playing career and his outstanding managerial career at both club and international level, but also because he was a truly warm and passionate human being.\" Gary Lineker said, \"It is a sad day and", "title": "Bobby Robson" } ]

[ "Ben-Semination" ]

[ { "id": "18024805", "text": "New Jersey\" was officially renewed for a fifth season on April 2, 2013. The season premiere \"Garden State of Emergency\" was aired on June 2, 2013, while the twentieth episode \"Salon, Farewell\" served as the season finale, and was aired on September 29, 2013. It was followed by a two-part reunion that aired on October 6, and October 13, 2013. A two-part episode \"The Real Housewives Tell All\" marked the conclusion of the season and was broadcast on October 14, and October 20, 2013. Rebecca Toth Diefenbach, Valerie Haselton, Lucilla D'Agostino, Jim Fraenkel, Omid Kahangi, Caroline Self, Tess Gamboa Meyers", "title": "The Real Housewives of New Jersey (season 5)" }, { "id": "14997446", "text": "a blood test to clear Quinn. Quinn and Deb appear to reconcile, as do Maria and Angel. Blowing out Harrison's birthday candle, Dexter wonders if there is hope for him — to have a genuine relationship, to be human — but he doubts it. Fourth season executive producers John Goldwyn, Sara Colleton, Scott Buck and Michael C. Hall all remained in their roles for the fifth season. Past executive producer and show runner Clyde Phillips remained part of the crew as a consultant for the fifth season. Following the conclusion of \"24\", Manny Coto and Chip Johannessen joined the crew", "title": "Dexter (season 5)" }, { "id": "19713390", "text": "for a fifth season in April 2014 The renewal was later confirmed by both Vanderpump and Kyle Richards confirming their return to the series, as well as filming to commence in June 2014. Early in the month of November 2014, the full cast, premiere date and trailer were officially announced. The season premiere \"Guess Who's Coming to the White Party?\" was aired on November 18, 2014, while the nineteenth episode \"The Party's Over\" served as the season finale, and was aired on March 24, 2015. It was followed by a three-part reunion that aired on March 31, April 7 and", "title": "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (season 5)" }, { "id": "16370874", "text": "Mad Men (season 5) The fifth season of the American television drama series \"Mad Men\" premiered on March 25, 2012, with a two-episode premiere, and concluded on June 10, 2012. It consisted of thirteen episodes, each running approximately 48 minutes in length. AMC broadcast the fifth season on Sundays at 10:00 pm in the United States. The fifth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on October 16, 2012. Season 5 takes place between Memorial Day (May 30) 1966 and spring 1967. The season explores Don Draper's new marriage to Megan, which leads him to ignore his", "title": "Mad Men (season 5)" }, { "id": "1789122", "text": "on his extensive military training. In the show's fifth season, writers experimented with making Riley a more complex character, and so depicted Riley beginning to \"fray around the edges\". This storyline culminated in Riley being written out of the series in 2000. In 2002, Blucas returned for a final televised appearance in the show's sixth season, where he is seen to have moved on from Buffy and married. Subsequently, the character appears in Expanded Universe material such as the canonical comic book continuation to the series, \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight\" (2007–11). In \"Season Eight\", the precise nature of", "title": "Riley Finn" }, { "id": "1789127", "text": "having allowed both Angel and Dracula to drink from her – Riley began to let vampires feed from him, which Buffy discovered in the episode \"Into the Woods\" when Spike reveals Riley at the vampire's nest. His behavior, as well as Spike's manipulations and a sense that Buffy would never truly love him, led to their breakup. Riley left Sunnydale to join another black ops army unit fighting demons elsewhere, and left the show. Riley returned in the Season Six episode \"As You Were\", in which he showed up unexpectedly, tracking a demon about to hatch eggs that could wipe", "title": "Riley Finn" }, { "id": "19226074", "text": "departed the show, in episodes 2 and 12 respectively. Dexter (Alexander Aze) joins the show as a regular character, after being recurring in the previous two series. In the second half of the series, Billie and Toni Trent (Gwen and Nelly Currant) left the series in episode 16. Former regular cast members Mia McKenna-Bruce, Joe Maw and Jessica Revell all return for guest appearances in episodes 21 and 22 in the second half of the series, reprising their roles as Tee Taylor, Johnny Taylor and Elektra Perkins. Chris Slater returned in episode 22 as Frank Matthews. New neighbours, The Umbleby's,", "title": "The Dumping Ground (series 5)" }, { "id": "15686093", "text": "a cure. She learns to accept it. Oliver begins spending more time at Tara's flat and later moves in. Oliver and Tara marry the day before she has a major operation. Oliver and Tara prepare for her operation, but there are complications in surgery and she dies. Anderson returns as Oliver in the episode \"I Will Honour Christmas in My Heart\" - Series 17, Episode 11, for just one episode. He makes a full return from Series 17, Episode 30 and onwards, as the new registrar on Darwin. In season 19 Ollie and Zosia get back together. After numerous troubles", "title": "Oliver Valentine" }, { "id": "14693755", "text": "and end up sleeping together. Riley is distraught when Lynsey is later murdered and begins a relationship with Mercedes again, helping her after she was apparently stabbed by Mitzeee and kidnapped by Lynsey's killer, Doctor Browning (Joseph Thompson). They are engaged to be married but, shortly before the wedding, Riley sleeps with Mitzeee, who is on the run from prison. Shortly after, Bobby is abducted with Mitzeee as the prime suspect. Riley ends up in a stand-off on a tower block roof with Mercedes after he later finds out that she was behind Bobby's apparent kidnap. Although Mercedes threatens to", "title": "Riley Costello" }, { "id": "3668706", "text": "in the top 30, and ran for a total of 217 episodes. It then went into syndicated reruns. The latter portion of the fifth season, broadcast between April and June 1957, was filmed and originally broadcast in color, although only black-and-white film prints of those episodes were syndicated. For the final season, filming reverted to black-and-white. Sponsors of the TV show included Pabst Blue Ribbon Beer (1949–50), Gulf Oil (1953–58) and Lever Brothers (1957–58). In all of the show's incarnations, the comedic plotlines centered around Riley himself, a gullible and occasionally clumsy (but big-hearted) man, and the doings and undoings", "title": "The Life of Riley" }, { "id": "8865710", "text": "he tried to start a garage of his own. In episode 21 of season 3 \"Off the Tracks\" Sylvia called Danny when Rafi disappeared, and he discovered his brother had gotten addicted to drugs again. Danny was able to find him and they reconciled. In season seven we learn that Danny has continued seeing Agent Delgado and spending time with her daughter Sofi. On the anniversary of the day he said \"I love you\" he gave her a gold necklace, and they decided to take their relationship public at work when Jack Malone saw them kissing (7x07). Later in the", "title": "Danny Taylor (Without a Trace)" }, { "id": "18251208", "text": "second, third, and fourth seasons, also consisting of 13 episodes each, have been released on May 6, 2016, March 24, 2017, and January 19, 2018, respectively. Despite mixed reviews upon its debut, the series was met with a more positive critical reception towards its later seasons and has received several nominations, including five Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy. On February 15, 2018, the series was renewed for a fifth season, which is set to premiere on January 18,", "title": "Grace and Frankie" }, { "id": "20293296", "text": "of the seventh and eighth seasons of the series, as during an episode of season 8 where it is learned that Dylan's half-sister was saved from a life of prostitution and then left to live with Dylan and Brenda in London and Kelly and Brandon mentioned going to visit them for part of their honeymoon. Later, when Dylan returned in season 9, he told his friends that he and Brenda had separated two years earlier. However, it frees Dylan to resume his relationship with Kelly. In Season 5, Dylan rages against Valerie, the Walsh cousin, blaming her for wanting to", "title": "Brenda Walsh (character)" }, { "id": "1789131", "text": "for the rest of the season. Concurrent with \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten\", in \"Angel & Faith\" #4 (2014), Faith attempts to leave San Francisco but is contacted by her boss, the Slayer Kennedy, with a mission to find Riley, who has been reported missing in a South American jungle. In the next arc \"Lost & Found\" Faith finds both Sam and Riley. Riley is willing to forgive her after she saved his life from the tribal vampires in the jungle and says she should stop focusing on seeking forgiveness to make herself feel better and just be the", "title": "Riley Finn" }, { "id": "4706998", "text": "presented STV's daily lifestyle show \"The Hour\" for a week, alongside main anchor Stephen Jardine. In 2010 she returned once more as Alice for a 10-episode run in the fifth season of the popular show \"Wild at Heart\". She returned again for another 10-episode run in the sixth season of \"Wild at Heart\" but as Alice Trevanion; Alice and Danny got engaged at the end of season five. She was in episode 1 of the seventh season but was forced to abandon filming of the hit TV drama to return to Britain for the birth of her first child Coco", "title": "Dawn Steele" }, { "id": "18024678", "text": "Orange County was renewed for a fifth season by Bravo. The season premiere \"When Times Get Tough, The Tough Go Shopping!\" was aired on November 5, 2009, while the fifteenth episode \"Is This All There Is?\" served as the season finale, and was aired on March 4, 2010. It was followed by a two-part reunion special that aired on March 10 and March 11, 2010, which marked the conclusion of the season. Adam Karpel, Alex Baskin, Douglas Ross, Gregory Stewart, Scott Dunlop, Stephanie Boyriven and Andy Cohen are recognized as the series' executive producers; it is produced and distributed by", "title": "The Real Housewives of Orange County (season 5)" }, { "id": "2134013", "text": "close in season two, until Nessa leaves to be with her dad and sister, without saying goodbye. In Season 5, when Danny accepts the job as President of Operations for the Casino, Mike is promoted to head of security and surveillance. Mike and Piper are married in the series cliffhanger. Whenever approaching a beautiful girl, he first uses breath spray. He is Danny's best friend. Some discrepancy exists over whether Mike is a local or not. The initial season, he is stated to be a local who moved back as evidenced in \"Decks and Violence\" through his conversations. However, in", "title": "Las Vegas (TV series)" }, { "id": "17014831", "text": "the series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on", "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)" }, { "id": "1789123", "text": "Riley's role in the storyline is unclear for much of the story; writer Jane Espenson, however, wrote a \"Riley\" one-shot comic book focusing on Riley and his wife. A native of Huxley, Iowa, Riley was Buffy Summers' boyfriend for parts of Seasons Four and Five. He is first introduced as Professor Walsh's TA in a psych class Buffy and Willow are in. Riley realizes his feelings for Buffy after punching Parker Abrahams for an inappropriate comment Parker makes regarding their night together. Even though he led a double life as part of a secret government organization known as The Initiative,", "title": "Riley Finn" }, { "id": "1789120", "text": "Riley Finn Riley Finn is a fictional character created by Joss Whedon for the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Portrayed by Marc Blucas, Riley was introduced in the 1999 season four premiere episode, \"The Freshman\", and Blucas was part of the series credited cast for the second part of season four and the first part of season five. Most notably, Riley is one of three long-term romantic interests for series' heroine Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar). Whedon intended Riley to be the antithesis of Buffy's boyfriend of the past three seasons, Angel (David Boreanaz), who now headed his own", "title": "Riley Finn" }, { "id": "3345420", "text": "Maclay males to keep their women frightened and subordinate to them. Bolstered by the knowledge that she is fully human, Tara declares she will stay with her new family, and confidently tells her relatives to leave, which they do after a slight hesitation. Riley arrives at the birthday party and kisses Buffy. Tara opens cheesy witch-related birthday presents from the gang, and everybody mingles. Tara and Willow embrace on the dance floor and begin to levitate. Family (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) \"Family\" is the sixth episode of season 5 of the television show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". It was written", "title": "Family (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" }, { "id": "14997441", "text": "homicide police locate the crime scene. Lumen later reveals to Dexter that killing one of her attackers brought her a sense of peace. She tearfully recognizes that it will not last and that she will have to find (and kill) the others to experience that peace again. Dexter recognizes this as being her own Dark Passenger. He decides to help her, partly to atone for his earlier inability to save Rita. Meanwhile, the subplots throughout the season focus on the relationships of LaGuerta and Angel, who have made their marriage public but are having marital issues, and of Quinn and", "title": "Dexter (season 5)" }, { "id": "14976244", "text": "season was released on DVD as a seven disc boxed set under the title of \"Beverly Hills, 90210: The Sixth Season\" on November 25, 2008 by \"Paramount\". The gang is starting their junior year at California University, and Kelly has returned with new boyfriend Colin Robins after deciding to choose neither Brandon nor Dylan in the season 5 finale. Valerie remains somewhat estranged from the rest of the gang, and Donna and Ray are still together despite their previous troubles. As he was at the end of last season, Dylan is fixated on finding his father's murderer, and David is", "title": "Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 6)" }, { "id": "13756002", "text": "unrequited love, but after a while Tina gets over her crush on Blaine and joins him to buy an engagement ring for Kurt. Tina and Blaine remain best friends. In season 5, Tina breaks the news that Artie and Kitty are secretly dating because Kitty doesn't want to openly dating him, making them finally an out couple. Blaine realizes that the reason she did that because feels lonely so the glee boys cheers her up. the episode, \"Tina in the Sky with Diamonds\" Tina wins prom queen, but she is emotionally wrecked when a new cheerleader, Bree (Erinn Westbrook), dump", "title": "Tina Cohen-Chang" }, { "id": "14889490", "text": "all the kids love it and Aaron lets Michelle wear the sharing crown for bringing the bird to be the class pet; the two eventually become friends and stay friends throughout the series. In seasons five and six, she is friends with a boy named Teddy, whom she meets on her first day of kindergarten in the season five premiere \"Double Trouble\". The two enjoy doing many things together; it is revealed in \"The Long Goodbye\" that they enjoy dotting each other's \"I\"s on their papers. When the two are in first grade, Teddy reveals his father got a new", "title": "Michelle Tanner" }, { "id": "9031189", "text": "seems accustomed to this kind of disciplinary action to the point where it does not influence or change his actions in any significant way. He seems to not understand his grandpa's rules and gets whipped with his belt when he makes a bad choice. They are shown to be close at times and agree on things in season two. In season three, the two are seen to have \"father and son\" moments, such as when they go out to try the new fried chicken in \"The Fried Chicken Flu\". They also attempt to go to the inauguration of Barack Obama", "title": "Riley Freeman" }, { "id": "9031193", "text": "Part 2, Granddad invites her over to play with him, signifying a small amount of friendship. In the Season 3 episode The Fundraiser, Cindy became a business partner of Riley's and helped him, Jazmine, and Phil, a seldom used stereotypical ignorant kid, sell large amounts of chocolate bars in order to make money. She becomes the last remaining partner of Riley, being the only one not to bail out of the organization. Her appearance in the TV series is similar to that of Cammy from the Street Fighter series. Due to their gangsta-like behavior depicted in the episode, Smokin' with", "title": "Riley Freeman" }, { "id": "14702390", "text": "causing Richard to rekindle his relationship with her and New Christine eventually gives birth to a baby girl. Meanwhile, Barb becomes engaged to a reluctant Dave. At the conclusion of the season, Christine also becomes engaged to Max, but she feels intimidated by his very educated friends so she decides to return to college. This season earned two Emmy Award nominations: one for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for Louis-Dreyfus, and one for Outstanding Art Direction for a Multi-Camera Series. The early ratings for the fifth season were lower than previous seasons, but the 14th episode of the", "title": "The New Adventures of Old Christine (season 5)" }, { "id": "13756075", "text": "town. Later she tells Rachel the truth herself, for which Rachel is ultimately grateful, in \"Guilty Pleasures\". In season five, Santana is employed at a diner in New York. Rachel and Kurt subsequently join her as employees. Santana meets Dani (Demi Lovato), a fellow waitress at the diner who is also a lesbian. They begin a relationship in \"Tina in the Sky with Diamonds\". Santana also stars in a commercial for Yeast-I-Stat which she is proud of and shares with Rachel. Santana returns to Lima for Finn's funeral and memorial in \"The Quarterback\". She sings The Band Perry's \"If I", "title": "Santana Lopez" }, { "id": "9164490", "text": "324 \"Snow Day,\" Danny and Lindsay sleep together on the billiard table at Danny's after an evening of drinking and playing pool at Danny's apartment. Danny and Lindsay's romantic relationship is not featured in the early episodes of season 4, although there are several scenes of them bantering, obviously deeply enamoured. In episode 401 \"Can You Hear Me Now?\" Lindsay slips a can of condom spray into Danny's shirt pocket while giving him a suggestive look. Things take a downward turn in Danny's life in episode 411 \"Child's Play,\" when a neighbor's child, Ruben Sandoval, whose care had been entrusted", "title": "Danny Messer" }, { "id": "18429991", "text": "fit in with the cool teachers at the school, but eventually befriends them, later becoming a vice-principal. In season 4, she gets in a relationship with Ryan Geauxinue, a science teacher from England, but struggles with the school law that forbids administrator-teacher relationships. They break up after attempting a long-distance relationship. In season 5, Jess gets sequestered for jury duty, and is absent for several episodes in which Deschanel went on maternity leave. After returning, Jess starts dating Sam again. She becomes a vice-principal at another school. Towards the end of the season, Sam realizes he is in love with", "title": "Jessica Day (New Girl)" }, { "id": "877099", "text": "station to become co-host of a new local breakfast TV show, \"Wake Up, San Francisco\", and is teamed up with Nebraska native Rebecca Donaldson. Jesse and Becky eventually fall in love and get married in season four. In season five, Becky gives birth to twin sons, Nicky and Alex. The producers' first choice to play the character of Danny Tanner was Bob Saget. Saget was not available to appear in the pilot due to his commitment as an on-air contributor to CBS's \"The Morning Program\". The producers instead cast actor John Posey to play Danny. Posey only appeared in the", "title": "Full House" }, { "id": "18024780", "text": "was renewed for a sixth season in February 2013.The full cast, trailer and premiere date were released in January 2014 with a 30-minute special preview that aired on February 12, 2014. The season premiere \"If You Can Make It Here\" was aired on March 11, 2014, while the twentieth episode \"The Last Leg\" served as the season finale, and was aired on July 22, 2014. It was followed by a three-part reunion that aired on July 29, August 5 and August 12, 2014, which marked the conclusion of the season. Andrew Hoegl, Barrie Bernstein, Lisa Shannon, Pam Healy and Andy", "title": "The Real Housewives of New York City (season 6)" }, { "id": "16490876", "text": "viewers. Episode 15 rose in the ratings reaching 0.3 in the demo and added 8,000 viewers for 558,000. The 18-49 rating remained the same for episode 16 with a 0.3 but rose in viewership to 664,000. The series finale, aired on May 13, 2013, scored 510,000 viewers and 0.2 in the demo 18-49, making it the least-watched finale of a CW show ever (Cult later broke the record a few months later). The retrospective, aired the same day before the finale, scored 570,000 viewers and 0.2 in the demo. Zap2it thought that Teddy and Silver having a baby together is", "title": "90210 (season 5)" }, { "id": "13753819", "text": "and she suffers a spinal injury that requires her to use a wheelchair for many weeks. She is eventually able to walk again, and even to dance in performance with the glee club. She makes brief appearances during seasons four, five and six. In season four, she is seen forming a friendship with Kitty, visits Rachel with Santana to convince her not to do a nude scene, and hooking up with Santana twice while being drunk at Will and Emma's supposed wedding. Quinn comes back for two episodes during the fifth season and becomes Puck's girlfriend again. For season six,", "title": "Characters of Glee" }, { "id": "8676641", "text": "\"Christmas at Cartwright's\" and \"Christmas List\" in 2017. In 2011 and 2012, he also appeared in both seasons of the Canadian police series \"King\" as Jessica King's husband and fellow cop Danny Sless. In 2015, Hogan played a Chimera named Belasko in the Season 5 premiere of MTV's cult television show \"Teen Wolf\", but was killed off by the end of the episode. In 2016, he also appeared in the twelfth episode of the first season of \"Lady Dynamite\". He has also had recurring roles in shows such as \"Warehouse 13\", \"The Border\" and \"The Best Years\". Hogan's film credits", "title": "Gabriel Hogan" }, { "id": "1789128", "text": "out Sunnydale. However, he did not return to make up with Buffy, having recently gotten married to a fellow demon hunter named Sam (Ivana Miličević). The battle done, Riley left Sunnydale, never to return again. He was, however, mentioned in Season Seven when Buffy asked for The Initiative to remove the malfunctioning chip in Spike's head. In canonical comic book continuation \"Season Eight\" issue \"Time of Your Life, Part IV\", it is revealed that Riley is one of villain Twilight's followers, as he is present in the laboratory with Warren Mears, Amy Madison, and Twilight, and bears his mark. Samantha", "title": "Riley Finn" }, { "id": "3871416", "text": "with Donna. In the fifth season, Eric and Donna become engaged, despite widespread discouragement (and anger, in the case of Red). However, they refuse to call off the engagement and remain engaged until the end of the sixth season. Eventually, they both begin to experience pre-wedding jitters and Eric, acting upon these feelings, skips his wedding rehearsal. He then returns in the next episode and Donna forgives him. After spending much of 1978–79 lazing around, Eric eventually decides he needs to do something with his life. This prompts many attempts to find a long-term career. It is not until a", "title": "Eric Forman" }, { "id": "5197320", "text": "her. When he finally came out to her hours later, Grace was so angry with him that she didn't speak to him for a year. They ran into each other at a grocery store a year later and made up, and became inseparable best friends. Grace moves into Will's apartment in season one when she breaks up with her fiance Danny. She moves out in season 2 to declare her independence - albeit only to an apartment across the hall. She moves back in the third season. She eventually moves to Brooklyn in season five when she marries Leo but", "title": "Grace Adler" }, { "id": "11844038", "text": "says he bought some pills, but realizes it was stupid and promises to stop. But while he keeps that promise, when Damien calls Eric after Ben warns him away from Serena's family, Eric agrees to hang out with him. Rufus reveals in the season 5 premiere \"Yes, Then Zero\" that Jenny and Eric have moved to London to attend Saint Martins. During the episode \"Memoirs of an Invisible Dan\", it's mentioned that in Dan's semi-autobiographical novel \"Inside\" Nate and Eric's literary counterparts were meshed together. Eric returns briefly for the series finale. \"TV Line's\" Michael Ausiello had reported that Connor", "title": "Eric van der Woodsen" }, { "id": "9774116", "text": "Joe proposed to Donna, but she tearfully refused and they broke up. Finally, on their college graduation night, Donna and David had sex and decided to move in together, causing a rift with her mother over this decision. But when David forged a check using Donna's name, Donna broke up with him once again. She then had a serious romance with Noah Hunter, but that eventually ended and in the final season, she got back together with David again. Donna and David got married in the show's series finale in 2000. In episode 4 of the spin-off \"90210\", Kelly and", "title": "Donna Martin" }, { "id": "18024928", "text": "second season by Bravo, after averaging 1.09 million total viewers for its first season. The reunion was filmed on November 30, 2012, and later aired in two-parts. The season premiered with \"A Tale of Two Miamis\" on September 13, 2012, while the fifteenth episode \"Healing Hole\" served as the season finale, and was aired on December 20, 2012. It was followed by a two-part reunion special that aired on December 27, 2012 and January 3, 2013, and a \"Lost Footage\" episode on January 8, 2013, which marked the conclusion of the season. Matt Anderson, Nate Green and Andy Cohen are", "title": "The Real Housewives of Miami (season 2)" }, { "id": "13753847", "text": "dropped out of college, and at Brittany's suggestion, moves in with Kurt and Rachel in New York. In the episode \"Tina in the Sky with Diamonds\", Santana meets and starts dating a waitress at the Spotlight Diner, Dani (Demi Lovato). Santana later gets back together with Brittany in the final season, and marries her, along with Blaine and Kurt. Ryder Lynn is played by Blake Jenner, the winner of \"The Glee Project\" second season. He makes his first appearance in the fifth episode of season four. He is a sophomore student at McKinley High School and plays football. Finn notices", "title": "Characters of Glee" }, { "id": "18024759", "text": "was followed by a two-part reunion that aired on October 8, and October 15, 2012 and a \"Lost Footage\" episode on October 22, 2012, which marked the conclusion of the season. Andrew Hoegl, Barrie Bernstein, Lisa Shannon, Pam Healy and Andy Cohen are recognized as the series' executive producers; it is produced by Ricochet and is distributed by Shed Media. It was announced on March 10, 2012 that \"The Real Housewives of New York City\" would be entering a different platform through the release of a game on Facebook. \"Real Housewives: The Game\" was set to run concurrently with the", "title": "The Real Housewives of New York City (season 5)" }, { "id": "18024710", "text": "a ninth season after announcing her departure from the series. In March 2014, the official cast, trailer and premiere date of the season were announced. The season premiere \"Hawaii 5 Uh-Oh\" was aired on April 14, 2014, while the eighteenth episode \"All Apologies\" served as the season finale, and was aired on August 18, 2014. It was followed by a two-part reunion that aired on August 25 and September 1, 2014, and a \"Secrets Revealed\" episode on September 8, 2014, which marked the conclusion of the season. Adam Karpel, Alex Baskin, Douglas Ross, Gregory Stewart, Scott Dunlop, Stephanie Boyriven and", "title": "The Real Housewives of Orange County (season 9)" }, { "id": "16258394", "text": "The Backup Dan \"The Backup Dan\" is the fourteenth episode of season 5 on the show \"Gossip Girl\". The episode was directed by David Warren and written by Matt Whitney. It was aired on February 6, 2012, on the CW. Similar to previous names in the TV series, the title of the episode references a work on literature. The title reference is from the 2010 film \"The Back-up Plan\". Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively): Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford): Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester): Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick): Daniel Humphrey (Penn Badgely) Following the wedding, Blair tries to leave for the", "title": "The Backup Dan" }, { "id": "582838", "text": "a werewolf, and Willow falls in love with Tara Maclay, another witch. Buffy begins dating Riley Finn, a graduate student and member of The Initiative. Although appearing to be a well-meaning anti-demon operation, The Initiative's sinister plans are revealed when Adam, a monster secretly built from parts of humans, demons and machinery, escapes and begins to wreak havoc on the town. Adam is destroyed by a magical composite of Buffy and her three friends, and The Initiative is shut down. During season five, a younger sister, Dawn, suddenly appears in Buffy's life; although she is new to the series, to", "title": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" }, { "id": "1789129", "text": "Finn did not appear in Season Eight. Pretending to be Buffy's \"inside man\", he arranged for their rendezvous in New York City. Later, seen in \"Retreat, Part II\", Riley is with Twilight and his other followers as they try and track the Scooby Gang through their use of magic; Riley tries to convince Twilight that the results could be a mistake of the scanning technology. He is also intrigued by Twilight's remark that he \"knows\" Buffy. During a large battle between the Slayers and Twilight's forces, Buffy recovers an injured Riley, revealing to the other characters that Riley was a", "title": "Riley Finn" }, { "id": "1789135", "text": "in Joss Whedon later casting him as a darker character. Riley has appeared in: Riley Finn Riley Finn is a fictional character created by Joss Whedon for the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Portrayed by Marc Blucas, Riley was introduced in the 1999 season four premiere episode, \"The Freshman\", and Blucas was part of the series credited cast for the second part of season four and the first part of season five. Most notably, Riley is one of three long-term romantic interests for series' heroine Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar). Whedon intended Riley to be the antithesis of Buffy's", "title": "Riley Finn" }, { "id": "17323264", "text": "voteBLUTH.com, were driven around New York City and Los Angeles. Portia de Rossi, who has retired from acting, only appears in five episodes from the fifth season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Many critics said the season was more in line with the original Fox episodes and that having the ensemble back together after previously separating them benefited the season. On Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an approval rating of 65% with an average score of 5.34/10, based on 40 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Arrested Development\" finds itself back in familiar form, recapturing much of the cast's chemistry and comedic brilliance — though", "title": "Arrested Development (season 5)" }, { "id": "14443596", "text": "Bones (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series \"Bones\" premiered on September 17, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2010, on Fox. The show maintained its previous time slot, airing on Thursdays at 8:00 pm ET for the entire season. The season consisted of 22 episodes and averaged 10 million viewers. Key plotlines in the fifth season include the 100th episode (directed by David Boreanaz), which flashes back to Booth and Brennan's first assignment that showcases their original relationship, which leads Booth to confess his true feelings to Brennan. The 100th episode also features the return of", "title": "Bones (season 5)" }, { "id": "9009415", "text": "season five, Adam appears to have made a complete recovery and has returned to the Grid. In series five Adam hires a nanny, Jenny (Gugu Mbatha-Raw), to look after Wes while he takes part in operations. Midway through the series, she and Adam start a brief love affair, which ends in the penultimate episode. In the fifth series, particularly in its later episodes, Adam suffers from several mental breakdowns following the loss of Fiona. He has recurring nightmares that involve his being wounded and unable to return home to his son, and in the eighth episode, he has a panic", "title": "Adam Carter" }, { "id": "20289953", "text": "Carrie, in the midst of a dating hiatus, lands a publishing deal for her column and begins a relationship with a fellow writer. Miranda becomes a mother with Steve and struggles to manage a job, dating life and her friendships with the other girls. Samantha dates Richard again, but battles with trust issues stemming from his infidelity. A recently divorced Charlotte gets into a legal battle with Trey's mother over their apartment and during the legal proceedings, falls in love with her lawyer. The 5th season, airing on Sunday nights at 9:00 PM from to , comprised eight episodes as", "title": "Sex and the City (season 5)" }, { "id": "16490866", "text": "special \"what if\" episode set to air in late January marking his comeback to the show after four seasons. On July 9, 2012, it was announced that Carly Rae Jepsen would guest star as herself in the season premiere. On July 11, 2012, Wes Brown and Trai Byers were announced to play the roles of Taylor, a club promoter, and Alec, Max's business partner, both in recurring roles. On July 18, 2012 Lori Loughlin was announced to return as Debbie Wilson for the season premiere. On August 1, 2012, it was announced that Lindsey McKeon would play Suzanne in a", "title": "90210 (season 5)" }, { "id": "12979303", "text": "admitting that his affair with Lila was a mistake, but she is still hesitant to forgive him. When Dexter breaks up with Lila, she retaliates by pursuing his co-worker and friend, Angel Batista (David Zayas). In \"There's Something About Harry,\" Rita and Dexter reconcile and visit the beach together. In the second season finale, Dexter is forced to lie about running away with Lila, in front of Debra. Lila, feeling hurt, leaves with what she recognizes as Dexter's bag of murder equipment. She goes to Rita's house and drugs the babysitter in order to abduct the children. When Dexter realizes", "title": "Rita Bennett" }, { "id": "8994992", "text": "During season 4 of \"90210\", her single \"Fool\" was featured and sung by her character in the episode \"Benefit of the Doubt\". In the episode \"Bride And Prejudice\", her song \"Teardrops Fall\" was featured. \"I Don't Want You Anymore\" was featured in the episode \"Tis Pity\". During season 5, her next single \"Snake Charmer\" was featured in the episode \"Into The Wild\" and sung by her in \"99 Problems\". In the second-to-last episode, her song \"The Last Time\" was sung by her character. Just as she finishes, the stage collapses on her, catches on fire and leaving her trapped under", "title": "Jessica Lowndes" }, { "id": "14581147", "text": "Never Been Marcused Never Been Marcused is the 20th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\", as well as the 2nd episode of the show's second season . The episode was written by executive producer and developer Stephanie Savage and directed by Michael Fields. It originally aired on Monday, September 8, 2008 on the CW. The episode received generally positive reviews from critics. Serena and Dan wake up on the beach after a night of passion but Serena feels they should discuss what went wrong with their relationship before getting back together. However, they end up sharing a bus", "title": "Never Been Marcused" }, { "id": "20293279", "text": "As their relationship is taken to a new level, Brenda has to deal with the news that her family will be moving back to Minneapolis for her father's promotion in the season finale \"coming Home\". It seems as though all the friends that she made will be left behind, and lots of tears are shed as Brenda says her good-byes to her friends and ends her relationship with Dylan, fearing that long distance dating will cause Dylan to cheat while she's away. The culmination of the season comes when Brenda's father decides to stay in Beverly Hills for the sake", "title": "Brenda Walsh (character)" }, { "id": "13298202", "text": "If It's Only In Your Head \"If It's Only In Your Head\" is the 111th episode of the ABC television series, \"Desperate Housewives\". It is the twenty-fourth and season finale of the show's fifth season and aired on May 17, 2009. The episode begins with Mary Alice explaining the marriage of Lila and David Dash, three years earlier. The scene continues with Lila wanting to go out for ice cream as a family; however Dave states that he cannot go; having brought work home. He promises that the next night they will do something together as a family. Returning to", "title": "If It's Only In Your Head" }, { "id": "13755938", "text": "with Blaine. The two later agree to remain friends, though Kurt is unwilling to resume their relationship. That winter, Kurt begins to see Adam Crawford, a senior at his new school, NYADA. Despite this, Kurt has sex with Blaine when in Ohio to attend a wedding, putting into question whether Kurt still wants to be with Blaine. Despite all this, Kurt and Blaine do get back together in a romantic relationship in the first episode of the fifth season, \"Love Love Love\", which is incidentally the same episode that Blaine proposes marriage. Kurt says yes immediately. Kurt heads back to", "title": "Kurt Hummel" }, { "id": "6131097", "text": "Hewitt. He appeared in seven episodes of the fifth season of \"90210\" as Riley Wallace, in 2012–2013. In 2014 Smith played the role of Keith in the HBO series \"True Blood\". In 2015, he played Markus Keen in the ABC musical drama series \"Nashville\". In 2016, he stars as Frank Sullivan in the new CW drama series \"Frequency\". Smith has appeared in the film \"Eight Legged Freaks\", \"Not Another Teen Movie\", \"Radio\", \"New York Minute\", \"Bring It On\", and the Sundance Film Festival Grand Jury nominee \"Weapons\". For the film \"New York Minute\", he and co-star Jared Padalecki were hand-picked", "title": "Riley Smith" }, { "id": "14195696", "text": "to begin filming in London in 2016. On April 11, 2016, Season 5 was confirmed to be the show's last; it consists of seven episodes and premiered on August 20, 2017. The series finale, Season 5's \"Episode Seven\", aired on October 8, 2017. \"Episodes\" has received positive reviews by critics, with specific praise being given to the performances of stars Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Greig, and Matt LeBlanc. For his performance in the series Matt LeBlanc won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards. After married", "title": "Episodes (TV series)" }, { "id": "2134019", "text": "complicated romantic history with him. They are \"involved\" briefly for the first episodes of season one before calling it off. During season three, an old college flame returns and asks Delinda to marry him. She accepts, but before the ceremony, Ed is shot. In the fray of Ed's medical crisis, Delinda calls off her wedding to Derek. At the end of the season-five finale, Delinda becomes overwhelmed with pain after just learning that A.J. Cooper is alive; he was supposedly killed in a plane crash. Jillian is with her, and Delinda begins bleeding. Mary Connell (Nikki Cox) is the special", "title": "Las Vegas (TV series)" }, { "id": "15238321", "text": "convinced him that it would be braver and more realistic for the character to go through with it. Rachel ponders whether to get back together with Adam but is left humiliated when she arrives at his house in the middle of the night and finds him apparently in the middle of an orgy with his new girlfriend Amy (Rosie Cavaliero) and lodger \"Rachel 2\" (Rachel Fielding). She resolves to get her old job back, and starts dating a co-worker, the much younger Danny Burke (Hugh Dancy). After a short fling, she dumps Danny and agrees to be friends with Adam,", "title": "Rachel Bradley" }, { "id": "13755940", "text": "continue his schooling in Lima, to try to win Blaine back. When Kurt returns, he finds that Blaine is in a relationship with Karofsky. Despite everything that goes on in the beginning of the sixth season, Kurt and Blaine get back together in the beginning of the episode, \"A Wedding\". Later in the same episode, Brittany and Sue Sylvester persuade the couple to get married at Brittany and Santana's wedding to make a double gay wedding. They continue through the rest of the sixth season as a wed couple and in the season six finale, \"Dreams Come True\", it is", "title": "Kurt Hummel" }, { "id": "20678001", "text": "do a vacation together. Five years, five kids, three marriages and who knows how many GTL sessions later, Nicole, Jenni, Mike, Pauly D, Vinny, Angelina, Deena and Ronnie are back together and on vacation in a swanky house in Miami Beach. In the second season, The gang kicks it off by heading to Las Vegas; after partying through Sin City, they head back to the East Coast, celebrating milestones in Atlantic City and settling in for an extended summer stay at the Shore. On November 27, 2017, MTV announced that the cast (with the exception of Sammi) would be reuniting", "title": "Jersey Shore: Family Vacation" }, { "id": "10411020", "text": "Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd", "title": "2007 Nashville Kats season" }, { "id": "8865708", "text": "Martin first joined the team, Danny had an adversarial relationship with Martin but they soon found that they worked well together. They have become close friends over the years. Danny is friendly with Samantha and they frequently enjoy a teasing relationship. When Sam became pregnant in the sixth season, Danny quickly purchased her a gift and showed his support. In the fifth season, he started a relationship with fellow Agent Elena Delgado while she was working through some custody issues with her ex (also Danny's friend) over their daughter Sofie. Danny wants to get involved, which eventually leads to Sofie", "title": "Danny Taylor (Without a Trace)" }, { "id": "14826556", "text": "DVD as an eight disc boxed set under the title of \"Beverly Hills, 90210: The Fifth Season\" on July 29, 2008 by CBS DVD. This is Tiffani Thiessen's first season as Valerie Malone and this is the last season for Gabrielle Carteris, Mark Damon Espinoza, Carol Potter and James Eckhouse as series regulars as their characters Andrea Zuckerman, Jesse Vasquez, Cindy Walsh and Jim Walsh, respectively. In this season, Dylan's problems with alcohol and drugs come back after the events of the season 4 finale. Brenda decides to stay in drama school in London, leaving her room at the Walsh's", "title": "Beverly Hills, 90210 (season 5)" }, { "id": "19489384", "text": "clear at the studio that we'd bring \"Prison Break\" back at the studio [...] It's the perfect event series. But at the moment, we have nothing else to report.\" On June 2, 2015, it was reported that a limited series revival of Paul Scheuring's \"Prison Break\" was in development at Fox. On August 6, 2015, Fox confirmed a 10-episode order for the revival. The limited series is a sequel to the original series, taking place several years later, and features Miller and Purcell reprising their roles as well as the return of other original characters. Fox Television Group chairman and", "title": "Prison Break (season 5)" }, { "id": "16490865", "text": "romantic interest for Annie was announced. Arielle Kebbel is due back for at least a few episodes and Josh Zuckerman, who plays Max, is returning in a recurring role. Trevor Donovan will return in a recurring role as Teddy Montgomery for at least the three episodes of the season, including the 100th episode. On July 6, 2012, Justin Deeley's exit from the show was announced after he was written out of the season premiere, although a rep says the \"door is still open for him to reappear in future episodes.\" Adam Gregory reprises his role of Ty Collins in the", "title": "90210 (season 5)" }, { "id": "19584255", "text": "Demi Harman will join the series as Riley Hart. James Saunders will reprise his role of Pete Reeves. \"Wentworth\" actress, Katrina Milosevic will join the series as Eliza Dempsey. Katherine Hicks, Tom Wren, Sibylla Budd, and Laura Gordon will not return as Sam Mackenzie, Doug Graham, Carla Hughes and Izzy Hughes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Winners & Losers (season 5) The fifth and final season of the television drama series \"Winners & Losers\" premiered on 5 July 2016 on the Seven Network in Australia. In season five, friendship and love will triumph as Jenny, Frances, Sophie and Riley support each other through happiness", "title": "Winners & Losers (season 5)" }, { "id": "17496065", "text": "third season, the twenty episodes featured the same story arc. Several cast changes occurred, with Dylan Sprayberry becoming a series regular as Liam Dunbar, while Tyler Hoechlin left the show to pursue film roles. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a fifth season for a two-part 20-episode run on June 24, 2014. However, unlike the third season, it remained as a single 20-episode arc. Filming began on February 9, 2015. Season 5 premiered on June 29, 2015. Filming for the second part of Season 5 began on August 24, 2015. The second half of Season 5 premiered on January 5,", "title": "Teen Wolf (season 5)" }, { "id": "15472222", "text": "a relationship with new cast member [[Joey Essex]], but they later split off-screen. They reconciled again on screen during the [[The Only Way Is Essex (series 5)|fifth series]] and got engaged during [[The Only Way Is Essex (series 8)|series 8]]. However, their turbulent relationship finally came to an end again months later in the [[The Only Way Is Essex (series 9)|series 9]]. In March 2014, Faiers announced that she would be taking a break from \"TOWIE\" after the end of its [[The Only Way Is Essex (series 11)|eleventh series]], due to a lack of storylines, her recent Crohn's disease diagnosis,", "title": "Sam Faiers" }, { "id": "19927164", "text": "Eve of Destruction (Grimm) \"Eve of Destruction\" is the 7th episode and midseason premiere of season 5 of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" and the 95th episode overall, which premiered on January 29, 2016, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Thomas Ian Griffith and was directed by John Behring. In the episode, Nick demands to know about Juliette's return and seeks Trubel and Meisner's help in it while also going after the previous case that involves Monroe and Rosalee. The episode received positive reviews from critics, who praised the writing and the tone. Opening quote:", "title": "Eve of Destruction (Grimm)" }, { "id": "14889492", "text": "friends through the seventh season (Denise does not appear in season eight due to her portrayer Jurnee Smollett's commitment to the short-lived sitcom \"On Our Own\"). She, at first, does not want a new best friend but she does like Denise. Michelle also makes many other friends throughout the series, including shy but intelligent Derek Boyd (Blake McIver Ewing) and tough-girl Lisa Leeper (Kathryn Zaremba). In the season seven episode \"Be Your Own Best Friend,\" Teddy moves back to San Francisco and attends Michelle's school once again, rejoining her class. Michelle, Teddy and Denise get into an argument when Danny", "title": "Michelle Tanner" }, { "id": "14693754", "text": "next day, a guilt-stricken Darren visits Riley and pleads with him not to sell the pub and Darren later confesses to Riley that his girlfriend Nancy Hayton (Jessica Fox) is pregnant with his child. Riley later forgives Darren and decides not to sell the pub after being persuaded against the idea by Lynsey Nolan. Riley helps Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson) and Doug Carter (PJ Brennan) with their business, and in doing so, Lynsey helps them too and later she asks Riley to walk her home. When they reach Lynsey's house, Riley goes in for a coffee and the pair kiss", "title": "Riley Costello" }, { "id": "17079892", "text": "The Originals (TV series) The Originals is an American television series that began airing on The CW on October 3, 2013. Created as a spin-off of \"The Vampire Diaries,\" the series follows vampire-werewolf hybrid Klaus Mikaelson as he and his family become embroiled in the supernatural politics of New Orleans. On May 10, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season. On July 20, 2017, it was announced by series creator Julie Plec ahead of Comic Con that the series' fifth season would be its last. The final season debuted on April 18, 2018. \"The Originals,\" a spin-off", "title": "The Originals (TV series)" }, { "id": "15428710", "text": "the Church, to discover what is happening. They have a confrontation with Grace, as Mini, Franky, Liv and Matty arrive. Blood angrily informs everyone that they are expelled, but Nick angrily accuses him of flaunting his powers, before making an impassioned speech. Blood sullenly agrees to let them continue, and leaves the church. But Grace and Rich decide that they don’t need to get married after all, and proceed to a nearby marquee, to celebrate the wedding. There, Liv and Matty reconcile but break up and are left on somewhat good terms, and Franky calms down. As she enters the", "title": "Everyone (Skins series 5)" }, { "id": "10409701", "text": "3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:", "title": "2007 Orlando Predators season" }, { "id": "14693743", "text": "got to look out for them, but also they're there for you to have a little mess around with. I don't know which direction things will go, but at the moment a lot of the time when we're together, we don't seem that bothered about each other. But as brothers we get on, and that's kind of like most brothers isn't it. You don't want to know too much about them, you just want them there, to have a laugh with and to argue with.\" The relationship was further explored in the fourth series of spin-off \"Hollyoaks Later\". In December", "title": "Riley Costello" }, { "id": "16258402", "text": "but Princess Sophie shows up and tells her she must go with Louis. She reminds them of the dowry she agreed to. Chuck offers to pay for Blair's dowry so she can be divorced but she refuses and accepts her future. Blair ends up with Louis and says she only has to be married for one year and they leave for their honeymoon. At the end of the episode, it's revealed that Dan was the one to publish the video of Blair confessing her love to Chuck. The Backup Dan \"The Backup Dan\" is the fourteenth episode of season 5", "title": "The Backup Dan" }, { "id": "7393667", "text": "J.D. would sleep with Elliot at least once in each season, although the show's producers have indicated that this ended to prevent the characters' development being constrained by clichés. The two form a romantic relationship in the first season, but their romance quickly falls apart when they realize that they do not work as a couple. He has had romantic and sexual liaisons with various women besides Elliot, including Dr. Cox's ex-wife Jordan Sullivan (Christa Miller), and Jordan's younger sister Danni Sullivan (Tara Reid). In season five, he meets Dr. Kim Briggs (Elizabeth Banks), the hospital's urologist, and they are", "title": "J.D. (Scrubs)" }, { "id": "9853556", "text": "of tiring and old. I think it was the appropriate time [to leave], and I had such a great experience working with all those guys.\" Denman also added that Daniels' decision stemmed from a desire to advance the Jim–Pam storyline \"to the next stage,\" rather than having anything to do specifically with Denman himself. Denman briefly returned in the series' fifth, seventh, and ninth seasons. Actress Kate Flannery, who plays Meredith Palmer, attributed her love of the episode to Craig Robinson, because the two shared an enjoyment of singing together ever since the first season episode \"Basketball\". She explained, \"We", "title": "The Negotiation" }, { "id": "9164489", "text": "Montana to testify at Kadence's murder trial. After Mac sends an exhausted and borderline-delirious Danny home, Danny makes a spur of the moment decision to fly to Bozeman. He arrives at the courthouse while Lindsay is on the stand. His presence gives her the confidence to finish her testimony, after having broken down on the stand once already. After the trial concludes with the conviction of the murder suspect, they hug and Lindsay reels him in for a kiss but they are mobbed by reporters and miss their chance. They leave the courtroom hand-in-hand. In the third season finale episode", "title": "Danny Messer" }, { "id": "1789130", "text": "double agent for her in an attempt to figure out Twilight's plans and identity. Riley also appears in the first issue of the follow-up series \"Season Nine\" (2011–2013); the structure of \"Freefall, Part I\" suggests that Riley—like Spike, Xander, Willow and others—could have been Buffy's possible one-night stand after the party she hosts at her apartment in San Francisco. Riley remains married to Sam. With the end of magic, Riley now uses his military resources to watch for ordinary terrorists. It is later revealed in \"Apart (of Me)\" that Buffy did not have sex with anyone. Riley does not appear", "title": "Riley Finn" }, { "id": "17993968", "text": "along with the cast and a trailer in October, 2012. The season premiered with a tell-all titled \"Hairstylists Tell All\" that centered on the hairstylist to the wives discussing the seasons before in an hour long special that aired on October 28, 2012. The season officially began with \"Got Sexy Back\" on November 4, 2012, while the twentieth \"Divas into Icons\" served as the season finale, and was aired on April 8, 2012. It was followed by a three-part reunion April 7, April 14, and April 21, 2013, and \"Secrets Revealed\" that aired on April 28, 2013, which marked the", "title": "The Real Housewives of Atlanta (season 5)" }, { "id": "19713426", "text": "years 2 million total viewers and 1.1 rating for viewers aged 18–49, this marked a 25 percent and 36 percent increase compared to the prior season's premiere. \"The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills\" continued with a ratings success with its second part reunion. The second part of the three-part reunion attracted 2.9 million total viewers; 1.8 million for viewers aged 25–54, and 1.7 million for viewers aged 18–49.This was a three percent and six percent increase the season four's second part reunion. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (season 5) The fifth season of \"The Real Housewives of Beverly", "title": "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (season 5)" }, { "id": "12206334", "text": "is raped by a drug-addled psychopath and Von must help Jared when he discovers he’s contracted gonorrhoea. Bron informs Ben that she had an affair in London and they break up, forcing Ben into the arms of Paula. In a bid to make Ben jealous, Bron sleeps with Charlotte. The year comes to a conclusion with Mitch popping the question, Bron & Ben back together and Paula & Luke developing feelings for one another. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> All Saints (season 5) The fifth season of the long-running Australian medical drama All Saints began airing on 5 February 2002 and concluded on 26", "title": "All Saints (season 5)" }, { "id": "19584252", "text": "Winners & Losers (season 5) The fifth and final season of the television drama series \"Winners & Losers\" premiered on 5 July 2016 on the Seven Network in Australia. In season five, friendship and love will triumph as Jenny, Frances, Sophie and Riley support each other through happiness and heartache, delivering the show's most emotional season yet. Filming for the season began in March 2015 and will wrap in July 2015. On 3 December 2014, it was announced that Seven had renewed \"Winners & Losers\" for a fifth season, set to air in 2016. Julie McGauran, the head of Drama", "title": "Winners & Losers (season 5)" }, { "id": "17496074", "text": "and won three, including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series for the third consecutive year, at the 41st Saturn Awards. This season adapts material from issues #62–77 of the comic book series and introduces notable comic characters, including the cannibalistic hunters from Terminus, Father Gabriel Stokes (Seth Gilliam) and Aaron (Ross Marquand), as well as the Anderson and Monroe families. Now reunited, the season continues the story of Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) and his group of survivors as they search for sanctuary, but face new threats from both walkers and other (hostile) human survivors. It also marks the return of Morgan Jones", "title": "The Walking Dead (season 5)" }, { "id": "19713428", "text": "to have been renewed for a sixth season following the announcement of Brandi Glanville's departure and filming had commenced in August 2015. The full cast, premiere date and trailer were announced on November 5, 2015. The season premiere \"Life's a Pitch\" was aired on December 1, 2015, while the twentieth episode \"Who Do You Believe?\" served as the season finale, and was aired on April 12, 2016. It was followed by a three-part reunion that aired on April 19, April 26 and May 3, 2016 and a \"Secrets Revealed\" episode on May 10, 2016, which marked the conclusion of the", "title": "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (season 6)" }, { "id": "582825", "text": "into a romantic relationship. Buffy becomes involved personally and professionally with Riley Finn (Marc Blucas), a military operative in \"the Initiative,\" which hunts demons using science and technology. The final season sees geeky wannabe-villain Andrew Wells (Tom Lenk) come to side with the Scoobies after initially being their captive/hostage; they regard him more as a nuisance than an ally. \"Buffy\" featured dozens of recurring characters, both major and minor. For example, the \"Big Bad\" (villain) characters were featured for at least one season (for example, Glory is a character who appeared in 12 episodes, spanning much of season five). Similarly,", "title": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" }, { "id": "16515925", "text": "Washington D.C., Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones)'s attempts to get pregnant, the progress in Ben and Leslie's relationship, Andy's attempts at becoming a police officer, and Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman) meeting single mother Diane (Lucy Lawless). Portions of the season premiere \"Ms. Knope Goes to Washington\" and later episode \"Leslie vs. April\" were shot in Washington, D.C. in July 2012. These episodes featured cameo appearances from senators Barbara Boxer, Olympia Snowe and John McCain, and then Vice President Joe Biden. The tenth episode of the season, \"Two Parties\", featured scenes shot in Indianapolis at Lucas Oil Stadium and St. Elmo's Steak", "title": "Parks and Recreation (season 5)" }, { "id": "16989369", "text": "(2014), until a call from the Eleventh Doctor prior to his regeneration convinces her to stay by his side and help him adjust to his new persona. In \"Into the Dalek\", Clara and fellow teacher Danny Pink (Samuel Anderson) agree to go for drinks together, and over the course of the episodes \"Listen\", \"Time Heist\", and \"The Caretaker\", the two enter into a romantic relationship. For a while, she keeps secrets between the Doctor and Danny due to their misgivings about each other, and experiences turbulence in her friendship with the Doctor, particularly in \"Kill the Moon\", when he abandons", "title": "Clara Oswald" }, { "id": "9661407", "text": "\"Personal Foul\". They also meet up for drinks and pool in episode 3.23, \"...Comes Around\", and have a heart-to-heart talk about their jobs and why they do what they do. In episode 7.08, \"Scared Stiff\", Danny teases Flack after he tells him that he is afraid of spiders. Flack is devastated when his girlfriend, Detective , is shot and killed in the season five finale (episode 5.25, \"Pay Up\"). His grief over her murder causes him to shoot her killer when he finds the man alone. The shooting is never questioned, but his grooming and appearance suffer. In season six", "title": "Donald Flack Jr." }, { "id": "15579093", "text": "appeared during the fifth series, and Francis Boulle made a one-off return during the Christmas special. This was also the final series to include original cast member Spencer Matthews, long-running cast member Oliver Proudlock, as well as Millie Wilkinson and Emily Weller, who both made their debuts during the ninth series. The series focused heavily on Sam and Tiff's rocky relationship coming to an end when Tiff admits to cheating on him during the summer and rumours of Sam cheating surface, until the pair eventually reunite. It also includes Louise and Alik attempting to make their long distance relationship work", "title": "Made in Chelsea" }, { "id": "9877545", "text": "in the show) in the season finale that Suzanne and Ken were conning him, and using his cause (and longing for family) to steal his large trust fund. The show's fifth season is set several months later. Dylan, nearly bankrupt because of the events of the previous season, has suffered a relapse and spent the summer in Mexico, mulling over issues with Brenda, Kelly and the betrayal of his \"family\". Feeling alienated from friends, family, and life in general, Dylan keeps his financial situation a secret from everyone. After Dylan returns to Beverly Hills, he finds out that Brandon and", "title": "Dylan McKay" }, { "id": "14132313", "text": "Bateman and Mandy Moore, as well the introduction of new recurring characters played by Elizabeth Banks and Travis Schuldt. This season was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series. Season 5 begins with J.D. living in a hotel. He has become an attending now on the same level as Dr. Cox. In the season premiere, Elliot has taken a new fellowship in another hospital, only to be fired in the next episode. Elliot then returns to Sacred Heart and becomes an attending. Turk and Carla are trying to have a baby, despite Turk still having doubts. Finally,", "title": "Scrubs (season 5)" }, { "id": "18848616", "text": "Bend & Break \"Bend & Break\" is the fifth episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 225th episode overall. It aired on October 23, 2014 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Meg Marinis and directed by Jesse Bochco. On its initial airing it was watched by 8.62 million viewers and mixed to positive reviews from the critics. In the episode, Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) and Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) take a look into the problems that have contributed to their troubled marriage. At work, Callie immerses", "title": "Bend & Break" } ]

[ "July 3, 2018" ]

[ { "id": "19737894", "text": "It Comes at Night It Comes at Night is a 2017 American horror film written and directed by Trey Edward Shults. It stars Joel Edgerton, Christopher Abbott, Carmen Ejogo, Kelvin Harrison Jr., and Riley Keough. The film had its premiere at the Overlook Film Festival in Mount Hood, Oregon on April 29, 2017, and was theatrically released on June 9, 2017 in the United States, by A24. It was positively received by critics and grossed over $19 million worldwide. A highly contagious outbreak has ravaged the world. Paul, his wife Sarah, and their teenage son Travis have secluded themselves in", "title": "It Comes at Night" }, { "id": "19737906", "text": "on an A+ to F scale. It Comes at Night It Comes at Night is a 2017 American horror film written and directed by Trey Edward Shults. It stars Joel Edgerton, Christopher Abbott, Carmen Ejogo, Kelvin Harrison Jr., and Riley Keough. The film had its premiere at the Overlook Film Festival in Mount Hood, Oregon on April 29, 2017, and was theatrically released on June 9, 2017 in the United States, by A24. It was positively received by critics and grossed over $19 million worldwide. A highly contagious outbreak has ravaged the world. Paul, his wife Sarah, and their teenage", "title": "It Comes at Night" }, { "id": "3406080", "text": "include series from the 1960s and 1970s. Currently as of 2017, its original programming efforts are made up of multi-camera sitcoms such as \"Younger\" and \"Teachers\" targeted towards a female Generation X audience. Nick at Nite Nick at Nite (stylized as nick@nite) is an American programming block that broadcasts nightly over the channel space of Nickelodeon. It broadcasts every night from 9:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m, (Eastern and Pacific Time), though it may start broadcasting earlier or later due to special programming from either it or Nickelodeon. Although it shares channel space with its parent channel, Nick at Nite is", "title": "Nick at Nite" }, { "id": "19737904", "text": "June 9, 2017. \"It Comes at Night\" grossed $14 million in the United States and Canada and $5.7 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $19.7 million. \"It Comes at Night\" was released alongside \"The Mummy\" and \"Megan Leavey\", and was expected to gross around $7 million from 2,533 theaters in its opening weekend, with a chance of making as much as $12 million. It made $700,000 from Thursday night previews and $2.4 million on its first day. It ended up debuting to $6 million, finishing 6th at the box office. \"Deadline Hollywood\" noted the film's poor audience", "title": "It Comes at Night" }, { "id": "8468944", "text": "and is beaten up by Johnno, who considers the debt paid. Nick's foster parents are initially reluctant to take him back following the revelation but after Will and Hayley coax them, Nick returns home. Nick's father Ken (Anthony Phelan) returns after fighting an alcohol problem, he petitions for Nick to return home to reuinte the family. Nick is not very keen on the idea he meets Irene Roberts (Lynne McGranger), Will and Hayley's foster mother and Ken's new partner. He feels that Ken is trying to replace his mother Eve (Robyn Gibbes) and Nick is upset further when he learns", "title": "Nick Smith (Home and Away)" }, { "id": "19912854", "text": "with her sister. She has also modeled for Polo Ralph Lauren, among other brands. In addition to \"Dance Moms\", Ziegler has appeared on other television programs, including the sitcom \"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\" (2015 and 2017). In 2018, she starred in the first two seasons of the high school drama series \"Total Eclipse\" on the Brat digital network. She also competed on \"\" and is starring as Dorothy in a holiday stage pantomime adaptation, \"The Wonderful Winter of Oz\", in Pasadena, California. As of August 2018, Ziegler's social media penetration includes more than 11 million Instagram followers, 10 million", "title": "Mackenzie Ziegler" }, { "id": "3406023", "text": "Nick at Nite Nick at Nite (stylized as nick@nite) is an American programming block that broadcasts nightly over the channel space of Nickelodeon. It broadcasts every night from 9:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m, (Eastern and Pacific Time), though it may start broadcasting earlier or later due to special programming from either it or Nickelodeon. Although it shares channel space with its parent channel, Nick at Nite is counted as a separate channel from Nickelodeon for ratings purposes. Both services are sometimes collectively referred to as \"Nickelodeon/Nick at Nite,\" due to their common association as two individual channels sharing the same", "title": "Nick at Nite" }, { "id": "20051666", "text": "is in grave danger. Monroe (Silas Weir Mitchell) and Rosalee (Bree Turner) try to help Captain Renard (Sasha Roiz) to heal him from his visions and bleeding. Juliette (Bitsie Tulloch) solidifies a new alliance as she works to get revenge which gets Nick's mother killed. Elsewhere, Trubel (Jacqueline Toboni) is back in Portland from Philadelphia to surprise them. The episode was viewed by 4.21 million people, earning a 1.0/4 in the 18-49 rating demographics on the Nielson ratings scale, ranking third on its timeslot and eight for the night in the 18-49 demographics, behind \"The Amazing Race\", \"Dateline NBC\", two", "title": "Headache (Grimm)" }, { "id": "14155295", "text": "one of the planned, and advertised, stations as part of Sky's new Multichannels package, but was initially never launched. However, it was announced in June 2016 that a UK version of Nick at Nite would finally launch on Nickelodeon UK on June 27, 2016, running from 7pm to midnight. Shows that are put in this slot include \"Neighbours\" and \"The Middle\". In Germany, Nick nach Acht (Nick after Eight) aired on Nickelodeon Germany after 8:15 p.m. CET. It aired documentaries, drama series, movies and sitcoms. The block used an adapted version of the then-current logo of its American counterpart. Many", "title": "Nick at Nite international versions" }, { "id": "5429591", "text": "reported that Swisher was dating actress JoAnna Garcia. Swisher and García became engaged in May 2010, and married on December 11, 2010, at the Breakers Hotel & Resort in Palm Beach, Florida. The couple have two daughters, Emerson Jay Swisher, born on May 21, 2013 and Sailor Stevie Swisher, born on June 28, 2016. In 2011, Swisher guest starred as himself on two episodes of his wife's sitcom, \"Better with You.\" The first episode aired February 16 and the second aired February 23. He also appeared in the episode \"Perfect Week\" of \"How I Met Your Mother\", which aired in", "title": "Nick Swisher" }, { "id": "19737903", "text": "the house is specifically obscure and never properly established. Shults has described it \"as this kind of labyrinth\" and a metaphor for \"the mesh of Travis’ head.\" In June 2016, Joel Edgerton joined the cast of the film. In August 2016, it was announced that Christopher Abbott, Riley Keough and Carmen Ejogo had also joined the cast. Principal photography began in August 2016 in New York. The film had its world premiere at The Overlook Film Festival at Timberline Lodge, Oregon, on April 29, 2017. The film was scheduled to be released on August 25, 2017, but was rescheduled for", "title": "It Comes at Night" }, { "id": "5511037", "text": "Lindsey Kellogg on the short-lived Fox Television series \"North Shore\". She has also had guest-star spots on \"Veronica Mars\", \"Supernatural\", \"The Outer Limits\", \"Higher Ground\", \"Andromeda\", and \"Charmed\". She also appeared in the Emmy Award nominated miniseries \"\" where she portrayed Mike Love’s wife, Suzanne. Vaugier also completed a starring role in \"MOW Veiled Truth\" for the Lifetime Network. She is also known for her role during the first two seasons of \"One Tree Hill\", as Nicki, Jake's (Bryan Greenberg) ex-girlfriend and mother to their child, Jenny. From 2005–2015, Vaugier guest starred in twelve episodes of CBS's hit sitcom \"Two", "title": "Emmanuelle Vaugier" }, { "id": "279738", "text": "was released in theaters on January 19, 2018. The film received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes defined his performance in the movie as \"over-the-top\". Also director John Waters appreciated the film, naming Mom and Dad as one of the best movies of 2018 and placing it on fourth place on his personal top list. On June 7, 2017, Cage was cast in the action thriller film, \"Mandy\". The film premiered on January 19, 2018 at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. Nick Allen of RogerEbert.com praised the movie, writing that \"for all of the endless feral performances", "title": "Nicolas Cage" }, { "id": "8468950", "text": "at Summer Bay High begins playing mind games after Nick is found arguing with her son, Dylan. She begins flirting with Nick, causing him to obsess over her. Nick's behaviour becomes erratic when he tries to get Jade to take suggestive photos of herself. Social services are called and Irene is initially accused of abusing Nick. When Nick stands up to Angie one day in class, she begins tearing at her clothes and screaming, claiming that Nick has sexually assaulted her. Nick is then charged and vilified in town. Nick flees and hides out on a hippy farm where Jade", "title": "Nick Smith (Home and Away)" }, { "id": "8468945", "text": "Ken are Irene are to be engaged after Ken proposes. Nick soon befriends Duncan Stewart (Brendan McKensy) and they begin causing havoc together. When Nick is accused of throwing stones at Duncan's aunt, Celia (Fiona Spence), they get into a fight but later reconcile their friendship and focus their attentions on the newly arrived Sutherland twins Jade (Kate Garven) and Kirsty (Christie Hayes), who are in their year at school. Duncan dates Jade while Nick dates Kirsty. After Nick saves Irene from being attacked by Eve, who has since left a mental hospital, he gives her and Ken his blessing.", "title": "Nick Smith (Home and Away)" }, { "id": "6388096", "text": "Michael Trucco Edward Michael Trucco (born June 22, 1970) is an American actor known for his role as Samuel T. Anders on the reimagined \"Battlestar Galactica\" and his recurring role as Nick Podarutti in \"How I Met Your Mother\". He also appeared on the 2017–2018 Netflix series \"Disjointed\", as Tae Kwon Douglas. A native of San Mateo, California, Trucco attended Junipero Serra High School. He is the son of a police officer, and was once interested in becoming one himself until college, when he was attracted to theatrical performance. He took a theatre course for non-majors while he was studying", "title": "Michael Trucco" }, { "id": "19925549", "text": "Lost Boys (Grimm) \"Lost Boys\" is the 3rd episode of season 5 of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" and the 91st episode overall, which premiered on November 13, 2015, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Sean Calder and was directed by Aaron Lipstadt. In the episode, Nick and Hank must save Rosalee, who was kidnapped by a group of children who want her to be her \"mom\". The episode received generally positive reviews from critics, although some criticized the filler aspect. Opening quote: \"I think I had a mother once.\" Rosalee's (Bree Turner) life is", "title": "Lost Boys (Grimm)" }, { "id": "19017275", "text": "living there. When Nathan learns that Melanie was the girl his cousin Nick Fallon had been involved with, he blames her for ruining Nick's life and speaks harshly to her about it. When Maggie informs Nathan that Melanie had been Nick's victim and that she spoke on his behalf in court, Nathan apologizes to Melanie and she accepts. He moves into Lucas's house after learning Maggie feels uncomfortable with him and Melanie dating while living under the same roof. Madeline Peterson Woods, portrayed by Jessica Tuck, is the mother of Chad DiMera. Madeline died after falling down a flight of", "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)" }, { "id": "14388073", "text": "makes a guest appearance, as does William Shatner as \"Sally from Cincinnati\". Carol Burnett guest-starred as Victoria's mother and Jean Smart guest-starred as Victoria's sister in the second episode of the summer season. Tim Conway also reprised his role as Elka's ex-boyfriend, Nick. \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" cast reunited on screen for the first time in 36 years, in an episode where Mary Tyler Moore, Valerie Harper, Cloris Leachman, Betty White and Georgia Engel were all members of a 1960s bowling team reuniting for the first time in 50 years. In the season finale, Melanie announces she is pregnant,", "title": "Hot in Cleveland" }, { "id": "8439371", "text": "his head on the side of the pool at Number 30. Shortly after, He begins experiencing aggressive moods swings. When Jim confronts him about his behavior, he collapses and is diagnosed with meningitis caused by the skull fracture. Nick begins dating Lucy Robinson (Sasha Close), Jim's daughter who arrives home from boarding school for the holidays. Jim is unimpressed when he finds out that Nick and Lucy are at The Waterhole as they are underage. Nick and Lucy's relationship eventually fizzles out when she goes back to boarding school. Nick receives a chance to take up an art scholarship in", "title": "Nick Page" }, { "id": "15954534", "text": "Jake Johnson Jake Johnson (born Mark Jake Johnson Weinberger; May 28, 1978) is an American actor and comedian, best known for his role as Nick Miller in the Fox sitcom \"New Girl\" (2011–18). He also starred in \"Let's Be Cops\" (2014), and appeared in \"Paper Heart\" (2009), \"Get Him to the Greek\" (2010), \"Safety Not Guaranteed\" (2012), \"21 Jump Street\" (2012), \"Drinking Buddies\" (2013), \"Jurassic World\" (2015), \"The Mummy\" (2017), \"Tag\" (2018) and \"\" (2018). Johnson was born in Evanston, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago, the son of Eve Johnson, an artist who made stained glass windows, and Ken", "title": "Jake Johnson" }, { "id": "8842618", "text": "definitely Cassie's biological mother. Nick became drunk one night after partying with his college friends, the same night Sharon was sick with a cold and Grace was babysitting Noah. Nick entered the nursery and had sex with Grace who he believed was Sharon, leaving him guilt-ridden after he found out it wasn't. Sharon eventually found out Cassie was her daughter and Cassie came to live with her and Nick at their home, a refurbished cottage on the Newman Ranch. Despite Grace's engagement to Tony, she continued to dream about Nick and wanted to take him away from his family. During", "title": "Nick and Sharon" }, { "id": "8842612", "text": "City. Although it was \"love at first sight\", Nick was dating Amy Wilson (Julianne Morris) and Sharon was dating Matt Clark (Eddie Cibrian). However, they soon broke off their other relations and became a couple. Nikki did not approve of Sharon and her mother Doris Colins (Karen Hensel) because of their lower class status. Nick became increasingly angry at the pressure from his family to break up with Sharon, although Victor fully accepted Sharon. Nick dreamed of running away and eloping with Sharon, but Sharon refused because of the high class status of the Newman family. Matt became extremely jealous", "title": "Nick and Sharon" }, { "id": "4932826", "text": "debuted its own program, \"World News Now\" (which has a more laid-back format, mixing serious news with features and some ad-libbed and intentional humor), in August 1992. Two prominent late night-only cable and satellite channels currently air in the United States: Nick at Nite, a collection of primarily reruns of older and some recent network sitcoms – as well as a limited amount of first-run original programming – that airs over the channel space of Nickelodeon between 8:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time (the start time is subtracted by one hour on Fridays and two hours on Saturdays, due", "title": "Late night television in the United States" }, { "id": "16431568", "text": "season. However, Walton was the only actor out of three that appeared in the series, he appeared in a recurring role as Jess' love interest, Sam, first appearing in the episode \"Katie\". Rachael Harris reprised her role as Jess' boss, Tanya Lamontagne in episode \"Re-Launch\". Maria Thayer guest starred as Amelia in the Halloween episode, a woman from Nick's college days. Carla Gugino guest starred in a three-episode stint as Schmidt's new boss, Emma. Jamie Lee Curtis and Rob Reiner guest starred as Jess' parents in the Thanksgiving episode. Rob Riggle also guest starred as Schmidt's cousin in the Thanksgiving", "title": "New Girl (season 2)" }, { "id": "2808883", "text": "France. He shoots down Manfred von Richthofen early in his flying career, and is a highly decorated combat aviator by the end of the War in 1918. Discharged after the War, Jack returns home, marries an unnamed woman, and becomes the father of three children. Nick, probably born in the late 1910s or early 1920s, is followed by Jacob \"Jake\" Fury (later the supervillain Scorpio who co-founded the Zodiac cartel), and their sister, Dawn. All three children grow up in the neighborhood known as Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan, New York. Nick is an amateur boxer through the New York City Police", "title": "Nick Fury" }, { "id": "8146351", "text": "actions. Nick's marriage to Phyllis is over by this point. Nick and Sharon grow closer co-parenting Faith and eventually reunite. However, it is short-lived when she sleeps with Adam, unable to shake her deep-rooted feelings for him. Nick, disgusted with her actions, takes full custody of Faith from her when Sharon is unjustly arrested for murder, but continues to support her. Sharon is sentenced to life in prison and skips town, leaving everyone to believe she is dead. Nick begins a relationship with Diane Jenkins (Maura West), who is also developing a courtship with his father, Victor, at the same", "title": "Nicholas Newman" }, { "id": "20842429", "text": "Night Comes On Night Comes On is a 2018 American drama film directed by Jordana Spiro, who wrote the screenplay with Angelica Nwandu. It premiered on January 19, 2018 at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. A woman is released from juvenile detention just as she turns 18. Her mother had been murdered, so she partners with her 10-year-old sister to seek vengeance. \"Night Comes On\" premiered on January 19, 2018 at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. The review aggregator Metacritic surveyed and assessed 14 reviews as positive and 1 as mixed. It gave an weighted average score of 79 out", "title": "Night Comes On" }, { "id": "8146462", "text": "more complex characters on \"The Young and the Restless\". Sharon has been romantically linked to her high-school sweetheart, Nicholas \"Nick\" Newman (Joshua Morrow), since her debut on the series. As teenagers they dream of eloping, and face their first hurdle when Sharon's ex-boyfriend Matt Clark (Eddie Cibrian) exposes Sharon's teenage motherhood (when she gave her baby, fathered by her former boyfriend in Madison, Wisconsin, up for adoption). Nick, believing Sharon is a virgin, briefly breaks up with her but they reunite. With Matt behind them, they marry in February 1996 and have their first child—Noah (Robert Adamson)—in 1997, the year", "title": "Sharon Newman" }, { "id": "17284093", "text": "through 2015. \"Mom\" went into syndication during the fall of 2017. The series airs on local affiliates, as well as on FXX, Paramount Network and Nick at Nite. It previously aired on TV Land, until July 2, 2018, when it switched networks with \"Two and a Half Men\" for Nick at Nite, and on CMT. Aside from FXX, the stations are owned by Viacom, which often shares its programming. Mom (TV series) Mom is an American television sitcom that premiered on CBS on September 23, 2013. The series is created by Chuck Lorre, Eddie Gorodetsky, and Gemma Baker, while the", "title": "Mom (TV series)" }, { "id": "8468949", "text": "from prison. During a Year 10 class trip, The bus crashes and Nick is left with his legs trapped. Nathan assists the search party in rescuing the passengers and is able to save them before the bus explodes into flames. Following the death of local doctor, Charlotte Adams (Stephanie Chaves-Jacobsen), Nick finds Jade's phase of Living for the moment hard to take and is somewhat reluctant when she seems to want to elevate their relationship to a more physical level. Nick then gently informs her he is not ready for that step. Angie Russell (Laurie Foell), the new deputy pricinipal", "title": "Nick Smith (Home and Away)" }, { "id": "8439367", "text": "Nick pleads with Jim not to phone the police for the sake of his grandmother. Jim's mother-in-law, Helen decides to give Nick a reprieve and suggests that he paint over his graffiti. Nick rejects Helen's offer of art classes and sees it as form of charity but eventually relents. When Nick accepts Helen's offer of a room at Number 26, Jim and Todd are resistant but eventually grow to accept Nick and support him after his grandmother dies. Nick begins a romance with Sharon much to the chagrin of Sharon's aunt Edie Chubb (Irene Inescort). On the night of a", "title": "Nick Page" }, { "id": "20383651", "text": "was to film there at night, saying it was just as creepy as it was in the movie. On October 12, 2017, \"Collider\" reported the film would be released on March 9, 2018, by Aviron Pictures. A teaser trailer for the film was released on November 16, 2017. The official trailer debuted on January 5, 2018. In the United States and Canada, \"The Strangers: Prey at Night\" was released alongside \"The Hurricane Heist\", \"Gringo\" and \"A Wrinkle in Time\", and was projected to gross around $7 million from 2,464 theaters in its opening weekend. It made $4 million on its", "title": "The Strangers: Prey at Night" }, { "id": "15954541", "text": "of the series' third season (as Boris Spassky). Jake Johnson Jake Johnson (born Mark Jake Johnson Weinberger; May 28, 1978) is an American actor and comedian, best known for his role as Nick Miller in the Fox sitcom \"New Girl\" (2011–18). He also starred in \"Let's Be Cops\" (2014), and appeared in \"Paper Heart\" (2009), \"Get Him to the Greek\" (2010), \"Safety Not Guaranteed\" (2012), \"21 Jump Street\" (2012), \"Drinking Buddies\" (2013), \"Jurassic World\" (2015), \"The Mummy\" (2017), \"Tag\" (2018) and \"\" (2018). Johnson was born in Evanston, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago, the son of Eve Johnson, an", "title": "Jake Johnson" }, { "id": "8146342", "text": "medication, in a ploy to win Nick back, meaning that he is in fact Summer's biological father after all. Sharon's secret has yet to be revealed. Speaking of the forthcoming reveal, King stated, \"I'm very curious as to how they're going to play it out with Summer. I'm sure she's still going to have the close bond that she now has with Jack.\" Business tycoon Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) and his socialite wife Nikki Newman's (Melody Thomas Scott) marriage deteriorates and they decide to divorce. However, they end up conceiving a child. A son, Nicholas, is born on New Year's", "title": "Nicholas Newman" }, { "id": "15870514", "text": "Amaro is forced to reveal that he had a romantic relationship with the sister of a drug lord he was investigating undercover. Munch then informs him that the NYPD brass is requesting he take a paternity test because the woman is claiming he has a son from the relationship. He goes to the woman's house to confront her, but is denied by her boyfriend. Later, while watching the boyfriend pick the boy up from school, he witnesses the man use the boy as a carrier during a drug deal. Amaro then meets the boy and tells the woman that her", "title": "Nick Amaro" }, { "id": "5869401", "text": "most prominent relationship is with his mother Dot Cotton (June Brown). It is portrayed as complex, dysfunctional and somewhat cyclical, with Nick perpetually entering his mother's life, her forgiving him for past misdemeanours (including an attempt to kill her to steal her bingo winnings), then being let down when Nick's true intentions are revealed, often ending in his banishment; albeit temporarily before the cycle repeats. Nick's eventual demise in 2015 plays homage to this relationship, with Dot – finally realising the extent of Nick's villainous behaviour and accepting his inability to change – ultimately deciding to allow Nick to die,", "title": "Nick Cotton" }, { "id": "11315134", "text": "Jake Cherry Jacob \"Jake\" Cherry (born September 15, 1996) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the role of Nick Daley in \"Night at the Museum\"(2006) and in it's sequel \"\" (2009). Cherry was born in New Jersey. He has two brothers, one of whom is Andrew Cherry, lacrosse goalie for the New York Lizards. In his free time, he enjoys playing video games such as \"\", \"World of Tanks\" and \"\". He graduated from Old Bridge High School and is currently studying screen acting at Chapman University. Cherry appeared as Nick Daley in \"Night at the", "title": "Jake Cherry" }, { "id": "12799173", "text": "Mary Elizabeth Ellis Mary Elizabeth Ellis (born May 11, 1979) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as The Waitress on the FX sitcom \"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\". She has also starred in the NBC sitcom \"Perfect Couples\" and the Fox sitcom \"The Grinder\". She also starred as Nick's ex-girlfriend in the series \"New Girl\". Since 2017, she has starred as Lisa Palmer on the Netflix horror-comedy \"Santa Clarita Diet\". Ellis was born in Laurel, Mississippi. She graduated from Southern Methodist University in 2002. Ellis has appeared in a number of television series, including \"The", "title": "Mary Elizabeth Ellis" }, { "id": "8560769", "text": "together after Lucinda left him, but underneath he's vulnerable. He fancies Roxy, but doesn't want his heart broken again.\" Nick and Roxy eventually shared a \"passionate kiss\" signalling the beginning of their relationship. Nick arrives in Summer Bay and rents a room from Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) at the beach house. Their housemate Bobby Simpson (Nicolle Dickson) believes he is attracted to Marilyn but he soon befriends Julie, a young disabled woman. Julie's brother, local criminal Revhead, is unhappy about his sister spending time with a police officer and tries to get Nick into trouble with his superiors. Nick is", "title": "Nick Parrish" }, { "id": "8146352", "text": "time. Diane is killed by Nikki in self-defense. Sharon returns and is freed with the help of lawyer Avery Bailey Clark (Jessica Collins). Nick has a short affair with Avery, until he returns to Phyllis. Phyllis becomes pregnant once more, but soon miscarries the child. Nonetheless, Nick still marries her. However, the marriage is short-lived, ending just months later, with Nick moving on to a relationship with Avery. Nick begins a new phase in his life. He decides to end his career as a businessman at Newman Enterprises and open up a club, which he names The Underground. When Summer", "title": "Nicholas Newman" }, { "id": "16431569", "text": "episode. Olivia Munn guest starred in a three-episode arc as Angie, a love interest for Nick. Brenda Song appeared in a recurring role as Daisy, a love interest for Winston. Brooklyn Decker also guest starred in Song's introductory episode, appearing as Holly. Nate Corddry also guest starred in an episode. Odette Annable guest starred as Nick's new boss and love interest, Shane, in the episode \"Quick Hardening Caulk\"; It was previously reported that Annable's role would be recurring, however, she only appeared in one episode. Margo Martindale, Nick Kroll and Bill Burr guest starred as Nick's mother, brother and cousin,", "title": "New Girl (season 2)" }, { "id": "14155296", "text": "parts of the block included reruns of \"Ren and Stimpy\" and \"CatDog\". This is only on Nick Germany's website, though. Starting in December 2008, Nickelodeon and Comedy Central shared the same channel space; Comedy Central aired after 8:15 p.m., effectively replacing Nick nach Acht. In July 2014 it was announced Nickelodeon will become a 24-hour-channel once again. The overnight schedule would be branded as \"Nicknight\", a block which launched on October 1, 2014. In preparation for the move, Comedy Central moved to the channel space of VIVA in September 2014, where it initially broadcast from 5pm to 6am; this has", "title": "Nick at Nite international versions" }, { "id": "11622997", "text": "night, Lauren's mother Cookie (Mimi Kuzyk) invites Lauren and Lauren's one-year-separated husband Brad (David Lipper) to dinner. Not knowing Brad cheated on Lauren, Cookie wants Lauren to give the marriage a second chance, but all Lauren wants is for Brad to stop stalling and sign the divorce papers she sent him weeks ago. The next day, Lauren meets quirky, hunk firefighter Nick Corina (Dean Cain) when he rescues a groom from a failed 'grand entrance.' She feels an immediate attraction, but when Lauren accidentally meets Nick again that night, she sees Darla hanging on him. Yes, when she checks, Darla's", "title": "I Do (But I Don't)" }, { "id": "18939993", "text": "mother begs Madison, however after Willa consumes a pill she dies and reanimates and kills her mother. Nick, Madison, Travis, Alicia, along with Harry head aboard the Abigail much to Strand's protest, but Harry's older brother Seth forcefully gets Harry back and takes him back to the island where he kills his reanimated mother as a disturbed Nick watches as the Abigail leaves. After an infected gets clogged in the Abigail, Nick, Alicia, Chris, and Daniel head ashore on the zodiac to get supplies from the crashed Flight 462 plane. While everyone is looking for supplies Nick finds a knife", "title": "Nick Clark (character)" }, { "id": "10060364", "text": "role in the CBS series \"Moonlight\", starring as the female lead's boyfriend. Belfi also appeared briefly in the \"Gilmore Girls\" Season 5 episode \"The Party's Over\". He also guest starred on \"Hawaii Five-0\" as Spenser Owens in Season 1 Episode 14 \"He Kane Hewa' Ole.\" In 2012, he guest starred on two episodes of \"Grey's Anatomy\" as Nick during season 8. Jordan Belfi Jordan Christopher Belfi (born November 30, 1978) is an American actor. Belfi was born in Los Angeles, California. He graduated from Wesleyan University in 2000. He is known best for his work on HBO's \"Entourage\", in which", "title": "Jordan Belfi" }, { "id": "8439370", "text": "with the farmer's daughter, they are sacked and begin hitch-hiking back to Erinsborough. While hitching a lift, Nick comes face to face with Skinner, who pushes Nick out of the car and drives away with Sharon. After arriving home, Nick tries to warn Sharon about Skinner who she begins dating. After Skinner attempts to force himself on Sharon's older sister, Bronwyn Davies (Rachel Friend), Sharon realizes Nick is right. Nick and Sharon split up later and remain friends. Hilary's son, Matt Robinson (Ashley Paske) arrives from Adelaide and befriends Nick and Sharon. Nick suffers a fall one afternoon and hits", "title": "Nick Page" }, { "id": "10156699", "text": "reserve, he will be released to free agency. On February 22, 2018, Folk was released from the Buccaneers. Folk was born to Anton and Kathryn Folk. His father, who was born in Austria to Bavarian parents, is an accountant. Folk's mother is a pediatrician and direct descendant of William Bradford, an original \"Mayflower\" passenger and governor of the Plymouth Colony. Nick Folk and his younger brothers, Erik and Gregory, are dual citizens of the United States and Germany, where his father grew up. Erik was the placekicker for the University of Washington Huskies football team through the 2011 season. Gregory", "title": "Nick Folk" }, { "id": "8146353", "text": "finds herself attracted to Jack's son Kyle Abbott (Blake Hood), Nick panics, knowing that Summer may become involved with her biological brother. He has another DNA test performed, which appears to confirm that Nick is not Summer's biological father. However, in reality, Sharon (who has stopped taking medication to treat her bipolar disorder), altered the results in an attempt to get Nick to return to her. Nick confesses to Summer that Jack is her father. Sharon's attempts fail, and Nick and Avery become engaged; Avery misses the wedding after tending to her mentally distraught ex-boyfriend Dylan McAvoy (Steve Burton), and", "title": "Nicholas Newman" }, { "id": "20573123", "text": "Chanel Celaya, Ty Doran, Teala Dunn, Allie Grant, Caleb Ray, Eva Gutowski, Tetona Jackson, Gus Kamp, Tom Maden, Jenn McAllister, Austin North, Tequan Richmond, Chester Rushing, Jake Short, Chance Sutton, Noureen DeWulf, Kate Flannery, and Dawan Owens. On April 11, 2018, the first teaser trailer for the series was released. On May 4, 2018, the official trailer was released. On May 10, 2018, the series held its official premiere at Awesomeness HQ in Los Angeles, California. In a mixed review, Robert Lloyd of \"The Los Angeles Times\" said, \"Too long by half, awkward and obvious but not unlikable, the series", "title": "All Night (TV series)" }, { "id": "4664316", "text": "for the Welcome to Night Vale podcast as Zookeeper Joanna Rey. In April 2017, she began appearing as Kinga Forrester in \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\". In August 2017, Day appeared as a guest in the \"\" episode \"The Perfect Pear\", voicing Pear \"Buttercup\" Butter, the presumed-deceased mother of one of the show's main characters, Applejack. In the episode, she also performs a romantic ballad, titled \"You're In My Head Like a Catchy Song\". Day organised and hosted a Twitch.tv charity livestream on 30 June 2018, in aid of Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services (RAICES), a Texas", "title": "Felicia Day" }, { "id": "10354396", "text": "room or be around people. When Erin confronts him about his behavior, he explains that even though she is his mother biologically, Jo has always been his real mom. Erin ultimately decides to let Nick move in with Jo in order to make him happy. By the end of the novel, Erin and Jo are on civil terms. Between Mom and Jo Between Mom and Jo is an American young adult novel by Julie Anne Peters, published in 2006. The main character Nick has two mothers who conceived him through in vitro fertilisation, one of whom he simply refers to", "title": "Between Mom and Jo" }, { "id": "15059503", "text": "honour of the show's 25th anniversary in 2017, Burnett was asked to reprise his role alongside Chitham. The two filmed an appearance for the feature length special which Burnett commented was, \"definitely going to be a fun watch\". Burnett made his reappearance on 25 May 2017. Badboy Nick was accused of stealing a boat and fell out with best friend, Stuart (Martin Henderson) when their mutual friend Miles Lucas (Hamish MacFarlane) committed suicide and the two struggled to withhold their emotions. Nick started to date punk girl, Serena Hughes (Willa O'Neill) to anger his mother Jenny (Maggie Harper). However the", "title": "Nick Harrison" }, { "id": "8842644", "text": "Summer's paternity, stated: \"When it comes out, it’s certainly going to create a problem for Nick and Sharon. In September 2014, Nick proposes to Sharon once again and she accepts. Later that month, a special Nick and Sharon episode aired, where twenty of the show's characters ended up arrested altogether after the couple's Bachelor/Bachelorette party. The \"Soap Opera Network\" called this a \"first for daytime television\". Phyllis ends up waking up from her coma and stops the wedding. Soon afterwards, Phyllis exposes Sharon's memories and secrets. Nick and Sharon break up, and enter another bitter custody battle over Faith. New", "title": "Nick and Sharon" }, { "id": "175204", "text": "globally. \"Gerald's Game\" (2017) is a psychological horror film based on Stephen King's novel of the same name. Other horror films include \"Frozen\" (2010), \"Black Swan\" (2010), \"Devil\" (2010), \"The Innkeepers\" (2011), \"Oculus\" (2013), \"Under the Skin\" (2013),\" Mama\" (2013)\", Green Room\" (2015)\", The Invitation (2015), Hush\" (2016), \"Lights Out\" (2016), \"Don't Breathe\" (2016), \"Mother!\" (2017), \"It Comes at Night\" (2017), and \"Unsane\" (2018). \"A Quiet Place\" (2018) is a critically acclaimed post-apocalyptic science-fiction horror film with a plot that follows a family who must live life in silence while hiding from extraterrestrial creatures that arrived on earth on fragments", "title": "Horror film" }, { "id": "7879514", "text": "Alex Désert Alex Désert (born July 18, 1968) is an American actor and musician known for his roles in the TV series \"The Flash\", \"The Heights\" with Jamie Walters, \"Becker\" with Ted Danson, and \"Boy Meets World\", as well as the voice of Nick Fury for the animated series \"\". Désert has more recently been seen in \"Mom\" and \"Grey's Anatomy\". His recent television credits also include \"Tyler Perry's House of Payne\", \"House M.D.\", \"Reno 911!\", and \"The Sarah Silverman Program\". His motion picture credits include the independent hit \"Swingers\", \"Playing God\", \"High Fidelity\", \"Bob Funk\" and \"PCU\" with Jeremy", "title": "Alex Désert" }, { "id": "15870519", "text": "the medals and service awards worn by Detective Amaro, as seen in \"Girls Disappeared\" and \"Producer's Backend\". On June 27, 2011, NBC announced that Kelli Giddish and Danny Pino would be brought on as the new series regulars. Nick Amaro Nicolas Amaro is a fictional character on the NBC police procedural drama \"\", portrayed by Danny Pino. Amaro is a detective with the Manhattan SVU at the 16th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Amaro's father, Nicolas Amaro Sr. (Armand Assante), was abusive to both his mother and him, and later fled to Miami, Florida. Amaro is of", "title": "Nick Amaro" }, { "id": "20383639", "text": "The Strangers: Prey at Night The Strangers: Prey at Night is a 2018 American slasher film directed by Johannes Roberts and starring Christina Hendricks, Martin Henderson, Bailee Madison and Lewis Pullman. A sequel to the 2008 film \"The Strangers\", it is written by Bryan Bertino (who wrote and directed the first film) and Ben Ketai. The film follows a family's vacation to a secluded mobile home park, where they are attacked by three masked psychopaths. The film was released in the United States on March 9, 2018, and grossed $30 million worldwide. It received mixed reviews, with some critics considering", "title": "The Strangers: Prey at Night" }, { "id": "8468952", "text": "revealed Dylan killed Angie. Nick auditions for \"The Dorm\", a reality television show and is successful. Nick quickly discovers that one of the other contestants, Courtney (Emily Sexton), is a plant aiming to cause trouble. Courtney climbs into bed to silence Nick but the sequence is edited to make it look like they have slept together. Jade sees the footage and begins making multiple phone calls in order to vote Nick out of the show and he returns home in disgrace. Nick tells his side of the story in a newspaper interview but has a hard time convincing people that", "title": "Nick Smith (Home and Away)" }, { "id": "8146343", "text": "Eve of 1988. Nick grows up with two prominent men in his life, his father and stepfather Jack Abbott (Peter Bergman). Much like his older sister Victoria Newman (Amelia Heinle), Nick is sent to boarding school at a young age. In 1994, Nick returns to Genoa City, a typical sixteen-year-old teenager. He briefly dates Amy Wilson (Julianne Morris), but soon falls for her best friend, new resident Sharon Collins (Sharon Case). Nick and Sharon fall deeply in love, as she earns Victor's love and trust. However, Nikki is outraged, as she thinks Sharon, who is struggling financially, happens to be", "title": "Nicholas Newman" }, { "id": "8468951", "text": "finds him high on \"magic mushrooms\", and she is only just able to get him to attend court. In spite of Dylan's testimony, Nick is found guilty and expelled from Summer Bay High. Nick then begins community service at a retirement home and is forced to attend Yabbie Creek High. Jade, Kirsty and Seb work together on a video which exposes Angie's behaviour and she is fired by Principal Paris Burnett (Rhett Giles) and Nick is reinstated. Several weeks later, Angie is killed and many people, including Nick and the Sutherlands are in the frame for murder. It is later", "title": "Nick Smith (Home and Away)" }, { "id": "20089238", "text": "Mom and Dad (2017 film) Mom & Dad is a 2017 horror comedy film written and directed by Brian Taylor. The film stars Nicolas Cage and Selma Blair. It premiered in the Midnight Madness section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was released on January 19, 2018, by Momentum Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics. The film begins with a mother putting on music for her child as she sets her car on railroad tracks and leaves said child in the car to die. The Ryans are a family of four with a strained", "title": "Mom and Dad (2017 film)" }, { "id": "8146504", "text": "been abandoned by her father, she lived with her mother, Doris Collins (Karen Hensel), who was confined to a wheelchair after chasing a rebellious Sharon years earlier. Sharon became pregnant by high-school boyfriend Frank Barritt (Phil Dozois), but gave the child up for adoption. In 1994, 18-year-old Sharon arrives in Genoa City and begins attending a local high school. She meets Nick Newman (son of wealthy tycoon Victor Newman), who is dating Amy Wilson (Julianne Morris). Nick falls in love with Sharon, despite Sharon's ex-boyfriend Matt Clark's (Eddie Cibrian) attempts to win her back. Nick and Sharon briefly separate after", "title": "Sharon Newman" }, { "id": "10701798", "text": "him into a fight next to the lion cages. Hoffman is killed by Caesar after he is pushed up next to the lion's cage. Nick's girlfriend, Flo Lorraine (Sylvia Sidney), a fortune teller at the circus, spirits Matt away to Nick's farm so to prevent him from being accused by the police for Hoffman's death. Unknowing to Flo, Nick's younger sister Mary (Joan Leslie) had just returned from schooling at a convent. Nick has purposely kept carnival people away from her, because he feels they are inferior. Matt and Flo end up falling in love. When Nick returns from a", "title": "The Wagons Roll at Night" }, { "id": "3406037", "text": "Eastern Time start time due to the presence of the long-running Saturday primetime comedy lineup on Nickelodeon). Nick at Nite's times of operation have changed several times over the years, to at one point (between 1998 and 2000) beginning as late as 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Sunday through Thursdays and ending as early as 5:30 a.m. Eastern Time. Nick at Nite overhauled its on-air appearance on September 28, 2009, as part of Nickelodeon's universal rebranding effort – the new logo, also based on Nickelodeon's logo, stylized the network's name as \"nick@nite\" (rendered as one word in lower case letters", "title": "Nick at Nite" }, { "id": "8146333", "text": "he left Phyllis; Morrow told \"TV Guide\" that although the reunion was \"messy\", fans \"wanted this for a long time\", sure that they would become a solid couple again. After another one-night stand Sharon becomes pregnant, briefly lying that Jack Abbott (Peter Bergman)—Sharon's ex-husband—is the baby's father when Summer becomes ill and Phyllis needs Nick. Nick soon finds out, but their daughter Faith is kidnapped at birth by Nick's brother, Adam Newman (Michael Muhney), and given to Ashley Abbott (Eileen Davidson). Sharon, believing Faith has died, seduces a guilty Adam. Faith is eventually reunited with her parents, and Adam's crimes", "title": "Nicholas Newman" }, { "id": "20073045", "text": "Blood Magic \"Blood Magic\" is the 10th episode of season 6 of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" and the 120th episode overall, which premiered on March 10, 2017, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Thomas Ian Griffith and was directed by Janice Cooke. In the episode, Nick and Hank investigate severe attacks in a nursing home and discover that there's euthanasia being performed in the Wesen community. Meanwhile, the group begins to discover more about the prophecy behind the symbols. The episode received positive reviews from critics, who praised the character development but some criticized", "title": "Blood Magic" }, { "id": "9709139", "text": "his childhood happy. His father is also suggested to have been a very violent man, and certain passages hint that Nick was a victim of child abuse at his hand (one passage says that his father locked him in the garden shed on a stormy night and left him there, in the dark and on his own, until the morning). Another says that his stepfather used to beat him, just because he liked to do it. His mother did nothing to stop this abuse, Stone stating that all she did was let it happen, then give him a Mars Bar", "title": "Nick Stone (character)" }, { "id": "13424922", "text": "hour when most pre-adolescent children go to sleep. Nick at Nite typically airs series programming, such as reruns of sitcoms, that may have coarser language and more adult themes. After 11, Japan airs adult talk or variety shows as well as late night anime. This is also true of the United States-based cable channel Cartoon Network, which targets children and young teens during daytime and primetime hours, but changes over to its Adult Swim brand in late-night slots. Late night television Late night television is one of the dayparts in television broadcast programming. It follows prime time and precedes the", "title": "Late night television" }, { "id": "19689005", "text": "been abusing her. She tells her to come to Portland to discuss her marriage. While staying in the house, Nick sees that she is a Fuchsbau. In Vienna, Adalind (Claire Coffee) meets with Renard (Sasha Roiz), where he demands to know who is the father. She does not tell him but he warns her that her people are only interested in the baby and not to trust anyone. Back in Portland, a healer named Boris Myshkin (Mark Ivanir) heals a woman from a pain she has been suffering. He then attends a Russian party where everyone is celebrating his actions", "title": "Red Menace (Grimm)" }, { "id": "9454180", "text": "by closing the investigation. Nick was also blackmailed by Kate Roberts into making Sami's amniocentesis say that EJ was the father of Sami's twins. Nick saved Sami Brady and Lucas Roberts from a bomb that Dr. Rolf planted, sustaining head injuries in the process. While suffering from a concussion, Nick went to Las Vegas and married a woman named Cassandra Arvin, who was using the alias \"China Lee\". Arvin was eventually persuaded to sign annulment papers. Then she was arrested and went to jail for soliciting, leaving Nick with custody of her two sons, Artemis and Demarquette. Nick deduced that", "title": "Nick Fallon" }, { "id": "17887097", "text": "tour to promote the album. \"To My Roots\" was released on 21 July 2017, followed by the second single, the title track from the album and another remix by Ash Howes, \"To My Roots\" in August 2017. In November 2017, \"Christmas\", a collection of four festive songs, was released digitally and as a limited edition CD EP. It included covers of \"Stay Another Day\", \"Somewhere Only We Know\" and the traditional carol \"Silent Night\", a collaboration with Nashville's Michael Spriggs. Stevens still lives in the Guildford area. Other than her music, her greatest passions are surfing and the sea. Stevens", "title": "Emma Stevens" }, { "id": "14155297", "text": "since changed as of October 2015 and Comedy Central now runs on VIVA's space from 2pm to 2am. Nicknight was replaced by MTV+ on November 1st 2018. In the Netherlands, Nick@Nite aired on Nickelodeon Netherlands from mid 2004 to early 2005, as Nickelodeon got access to airing 24 hours a day. It mostly aired Nickelodeon shows with their original language (as they would be aired in Dutch during the day), but at midnight they would often show vintage children-programmes like \"Bassie en Adriaan\", \"De Bereboot\" and \"Calimero\". The animated series \"Argaï\" was only aired during these hours on the channel.", "title": "Nick at Nite international versions" }, { "id": "2150493", "text": "identifications are shown. On March 31, 2014, Adult Swim's sign-on time was moved to 8:00 p.m. ET, further extending the network's daily schedule to ten hours and effectively matching the airtime of most nights that Nick at Nite has. Sometimes, Cartoon Network takes the 8:00 p.m. ET hour back, making Adult Swim start at 9:00 p.m. ET again. This has happened three times since 2014, from October 26 to November 29, 2015, September 26 to December 5, 2016 and October 1, 2018 to present. In 2015, Adult Swim launched \"The Virtual Brainload\", the first animated VR experience from a TV", "title": "Adult Swim" }, { "id": "10042353", "text": "had the fever. Exhausted and worried, Nicholas narrowly escapes the clutches of the Japanese with the help of the prisoners and finally reaches the safety of Sek Wan village. As the war comes to an end, Nicholas returns to his home on Hong Kong Island, and when he returned, everything is ruined, his home is badly damaged. As he walks through the house he finds his mother. Nicholas does not recognise her, she seems much older and exhausted, but he knows it is his mother. It is nearly four years since he was last at home. At first he introduces", "title": "Music on the Bamboo Radio" }, { "id": "18939988", "text": "later join up with the Clark's. All three families decide to stay the night and evacuate in the morning. The next morning, as the Clarks and Manawas start driving away, the National Guard arrives and quarantines the block. While Travis says, \"It's going to get better,\" Daniel laments that it's, \"too late,\" as he watches a guardsman mark the neighboring house. Days after the National Guard quarantines the neighborhood into a Safe Zone, residents try to live normally. Tensions build under the military rule. Madison is stressed by extra work caused by her home's being overcrowded and Travis' new role", "title": "Nick Clark (character)" }, { "id": "20051758", "text": "Breakfast in Bed (Grimm) \"Breakfast in Bed\" is the 6th episode of season 6 of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" and the 116th episode overall, which premiered on February 10, 2017, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Kyle McVey and was directed by Julie Herlocker. In the episode, Nick and Hank investigate a Wesen who is using a hotel as a base for his crimes, involving eating dreams. Meanwhile, Monroe and Rosalee discover more about the symbols on the cloth while Renard is told news about Black Claw. The episode received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics,", "title": "Breakfast in Bed (Grimm)" }, { "id": "6573764", "text": "they'll go with it, but I can't worry about it too much.\" Price made his on-screen debut as Nick on 21 December 2009. In July 2010, it was reported that Rickitt turned down an offer to return. In June 2011, Price signed a new one-year contract. Nick Tilsley is the first-born child and only son of Brian Tilsley (Chris Quinten) and Gail Platt (Helen Worth), born on New Year's Eve 1980 and known as \"Nicky\". Nicky's first few years are spent in a happy home but Brian and Gail clash over Gail's desire to work and holier than thou attitude", "title": "Nick Tilsley" }, { "id": "15870508", "text": "Amaro is acquitted. After the trial, Amaro and his father make a tentative reconciliation. Amaro is fluent in Spanish and has some Latin. He was married at the start of his tenure with SVU, and had a young daughter named Zara. His wife, (Laura Benanti), is stationed overseas for a year, reporting in Iraq, and their marriage is strained by her deployment. In the Season 14 premiere, she reveals to Amaro that she is accepting a job in Washington, D.C., and following an argument, they separate. Amaro questions if Maria was diagnosed with PTSD, and expresses his regret that he", "title": "Nick Amaro" }, { "id": "16083409", "text": "serving time in prison, Nick received a letter from Sandy telling him that she had given birth to their daughter. Upon his early release in April 2008, Nick took custody of Dotty, telling her that Sandy had died in a car crash. Dotty arrives in Walford on Christmas Day with Nick, to see her estranged grandmother Dot (June Brown). Nick introduces Dot to Dotty and they quickly bond. Nick lies to Dot that he had promised to send money to Sandy on the condition that she named their daughter Dorothy after her grandmother, so that Dot will trust him and", "title": "Dotty Cotton" }, { "id": "9454181", "text": "Artemis and Demarquette were not really China Lee's children, which she confirmed upon her release from jail. She had been hired to protect the boys, but refused to retake custody of them. A man named Umar Maboud came to Nick's home and claimed that he worked for the boys' parents and had been sent to bring them home. Nick did not trust Maboud, and Jeremy Horton (who was staying with Nick at the time) successfully fought him off. Weeks later, Chelsea was abducted and was permitted to use her cell phone only to contact Nick, who was directed to come", "title": "Nick Fallon" }, { "id": "4794317", "text": "the reader. Mike's spirit wins her the affection of the whole town when she's on the softball field and that further enhances her dream of playing at the college level. In this novel, the protagonist, Nick, tells the story of growing up with two mothers: his birth mother, known as Mom, is a straight-laced lawyer; while her partner, Jo, is a no-nonsense laborer. The family deals with an array of problems like Mom's breast cancer, Jo's alcoholism, and the bullies that aren't tolerant of the family's lifestyle. Nick is completely devastated when his two mothers split, due to rising tensions", "title": "Julie Anne Peters" }, { "id": "20089246", "text": "film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Director John Waters named the film as one of the best of 2018, placing it on fourth place on his personal top list. Mom and Dad (2017 film) Mom & Dad is a 2017 horror comedy film written and directed by Brian Taylor. The film stars Nicolas Cage and Selma Blair. It premiered in the Midnight Madness section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was released on January 19, 2018, by Momentum Pictures. The film received generally positive", "title": "Mom and Dad (2017 film)" }, { "id": "19675818", "text": "A Dish Best Served Cold \"A Dish Best Served Cold\" is the 3rd episode of season 3 of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" and the 47th episode overall, which premiered on November 8, 2013, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Rob Wright, and was directed by Karen Gaviola. Opening quote: \"'Tis Death's Park, where he breeds life to feed him. Cries of pain are music for his banquet.\" Nick's (David Giuntoli) strength has been increasing after his zombification. On a date with Rosalee (Bree Turner), Monroe (Silas Weir Mitchell) proposes that she move in with", "title": "A Dish Best Served Cold" }, { "id": "5265725", "text": "\"Unholy Alliance\" Part 1 and Part 2, returning in season 4 in the episode \"Double Jeopardy\". She also played Spencer's mom in \"Good Luck Charlie\". She appeared in a season 7 episode of \"Seinfeld\" as Holly, Elaine's cousin and Jerry's current love interest. She attended the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts and graduated from USC with a degree in film. Her brother is actor and comedian Greg Travis. Stacey Travis Stacey Travis (born August 29, 1966) is an American actress whose films include \"Earth Girls Are Easy\" (1988), \"Hardware\" (1990), \"The Super\" (1991), \"Traffic\" (2000), and \"Ghost World\"", "title": "Stacey Travis" }, { "id": "19728406", "text": "Our Souls at Night (film) Our Souls at Night is a 2017 American romantic drama film directed by Ritesh Batra and written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber. It is based on the novel of same name by Kent Haruf. The film stars Jane Fonda, Robert Redford, Matthias Schoenaerts, and Judy Greer. It had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on September 1, 2017. It was released on September 29, 2017 by Netflix. It marked the fourth collaboration between Fonda and Redford, having previously starred in \"The Chase\", \"Barefoot in the Park\", and \"The Electric Horseman\". The", "title": "Our Souls at Night (film)" }, { "id": "1349387", "text": "Christina Vidal Christina Marie Vidal (born November 18, 1981) is an American actress, singer and producer. She is best known for her roles in films such as \"Life with Mikey\", \"Brink!\", \"Freaky Friday\", and \"See No Evil\" and for her role in Nickelodeon sitcom \"Taina\", in which she played the title character (2001–02). Vidal was born and raised in Whitestone, an area in Queens, New York, the daughter of Manny Vidal, a tax consultant and businessman, and his wife Josie, a secretary, both of Puerto Rican ancestry. She attended the Performing Arts School Of New York. When she was 17", "title": "Christina Vidal" }, { "id": "5869410", "text": "glass door window of The Queen Victoria pub after a fight with Ali Osman (Nedjet Salih). After a few weeks of the police investigation, prime suspect Nick left the Square after attempting to mug Ethel Skinner (Gretchen Franklin), and in April it was reported that he had been arrested. After Nick's mother, Dot, was introduced to the cast in July, she informed the audience that Nick had managed to get off on probation, and the following month, he returned to Albert Square. Upon his return, he broke into Harold Legg's (Leonard Fenton) surgery and came across Kathy Beale's (Gillian Taylforth)", "title": "Nick Cotton" }, { "id": "5869411", "text": "medical records, discovering she had a child at 14 years old. Nick threatens to reveal this to Kathy's husband, Pete (Peter Dean) unless she gives him regular payments. Kathy soon tells Pete the truth, resulting in him giving Nick a beating in the middle of the street. Following this, Den warns Nick to leave the square for good, with the exception of visiting Dot occasionally, or he will face fatal consequences. Nick appears briefly throughout the next few years and eventually meets his father, Charlie (Stephen Hancock) in October 1987 when they both coincidentally turn up to visit Dot. Nick", "title": "Nick Cotton" }, { "id": "14538223", "text": "The Moms \"The Moms\" is the of the fourth season of the American television comedy series \"30 Rock\", and the 78th overall episode of the series. It was written by co-producer Kay Cannon and co-show runner and executive producer Robert Carlock. The episode was directed by co-executive producer John Riggi. It originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network in the United States on May 6, 2010. Guest stars in \"The Moms\" include Buzz Aldrin, John Anderson, Elizabeth Banks, Kyoko Bruguera, Will Ferrell, Anita Gillette, Jan Hooks, Cheyenne Jackson, Patti LuPone, Novella Nelson, and Elaine Stritch. In the episode,", "title": "The Moms" }, { "id": "12829386", "text": "Riggins' fianceé; and Kevin Rankin as Herc. Gaius Charles and Scott Porter were billed as guest stars during their 4-episode run as Brian \"Smash\" Williams, who left for college, and Jason Street, who left to become a sports agent in New York, so he could be near his baby, Noah, and Noah's mother. The new characters first introduced this season include: The McCoy Family (D.W. Moffett as father Joe, Janine Turner as mother Katie, and Jeremy Sumpter as son J.D., a quarterback for the Panthers) and Shelby Garrett (Kim Dickens), Matt Saracen's estranged mother. The season begins with Coach Taylor's", "title": "Friday Night Lights (season 3)" }, { "id": "4727154", "text": "driven insane by extremely low frequency sonar waves in \"The X-Files\" episode \"Drive\". He also had a guest role in late 2006 on the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", playing Ted Mosby's obnoxious co-worker and former boss Hammond Druthers. He played Lucifer in the ABC Family miniseries \"Fallen\" and appeared as Nick Wrigley, an irresponsible uncle who accidentally brings Christmas close to destruction when he steals Santa's sleigh to have a crazy ride, in the 2001 Disney Channel Original Movie \"'Twas the Night\". In that same year, he provided the voice of Gary's father in Gary & Mike.", "title": "Bryan Cranston" }, { "id": "8842632", "text": "it was evident that he still loved Sharon and was protective of her. Stafford said: \"He [Nick] Freaks. She wrote this scathing thing. But Nick says it's not appropriate for her to go after the mother of his son like that,\" In January 2009, Sharon went to the Abbott cabin to have time for herself after the breakdown of her marriage to Jack. Nick showed up because Noah was ice-skating and fell, suffering hypothermia. After becoming trapped in the cabin during a blizzard, Nick found a letter Sharon wrote to him (but didn't intend to show him) which professed her", "title": "Nick and Sharon" }, { "id": "3645976", "text": "Nicktoons (United States) Nicktoons is an American pay television channel that is owned by Nickelodeon Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom. Geared towards both children and animation fans of all ages, the channel broadcasts original animated series from sister network Nickelodeon, known as Nicktoons, along with other original animated series, some feature films, and foreign animated programs from Nickelodeon's international networks 24 hours a day. As of July 2015, approximately 66.5 million American households (56.5% of households with television) received Nicktoons. Nicktoons was launched on May 1, 2002, as Nicktoons TV, part of the digital", "title": "Nicktoons (United States)" }, { "id": "18710380", "text": "to avoid being caught for being out after the newly set curfew. Her original plan was to talk to Jeff, her boyfriend who she was dating in secret. Tired of being her secret, Jeff breaks it off, unwilling to be hidden anymore. Mary, broken hearted, had snuck out to reconcile with him, but he doesn't come to his window when she throws stones at it. Not knowing what to do, she turned to Gambhir's house. She manages to invite herself in, and she talks to Gambhir. Unbeknownst to them, they are observed by Sue Parris (Jessica Hecht), Emily's mother, who", "title": "The Sisterhood of Night" }, { "id": "19626915", "text": "Bad Teeth (Grimm) \"Bad Teeth\" is the 1st episode and season premiere of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" of season 2 and the 23rd overall, which premiered on August 13, 2012, on NBC. The episode was written by series creators David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf, and was directed by Norberto Barba. The season premiered a month earlier than most primetime shows on Monday night, instead of Friday. Opening quote: \"The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere the ceremony of innocence is drowned.\" Nick (David Giuntoli) confronts his mother, Kelly (Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio) for faking her death. She escapes when", "title": "Bad Teeth (Grimm)" }, { "id": "13413581", "text": "a poor performance with his band at an open mic event. They discover Jacob's alcoholic mother Kelly, Adam's sister, is also at the resort. The guys find their tasks difficult; Lou gets punched to the floor by Blaine and loses his backpack, but realizes he must face him again later at night, so he reluctantly challenges Blaine again. Adam finds his attraction to Jenny reignited, but is distracted when he meets laid-back music journalist April during the resort's Poison concert. Nick worries about cheating on his wife, even though the events occur before he even meets her. Later on, Lou", "title": "Hot Tub Time Machine" }, { "id": "8842610", "text": "message boards and in magazines. \"The Huffington Post\" and \"Soap Opera Digest\" named them one of soap opera's greatest supercouples. Their 2009 on-screen reunion was a high-profile event on the show which garnered media attention, while lifting the show's ratings by nearly half a million viewers. Nick was born on-screen on the episode dated December 31, 1988. In 1994, his birth-date was revised to December 31, 1976, when Joshua Morrow began playing the role. Sharon was initially portrayed by Monica Potter and later Heidi Mark, before Case took over four months into the character's duration. Case was cast as Sharon", "title": "Nick and Sharon" }, { "id": "16060363", "text": "NickMom NickMom was a late evening programming block that was aired on the channel space of the American preschool-oriented cable channel Nick Jr.. The brand debuted online in November 2011, ahead of its television launch in October 2012. The block carried commercial-supported comedy programming targeting an adult female demographic, particularly mothers, from 10:00 p.m ET nightly. The launch of NickMom initially generated controversy; as Nick Jr. only operated a single feed out of the Eastern Time Zone, the normally child-oriented network would transition into content inappropriate for such audiences in the early evening or afternoon depending on time zones. On", "title": "NickMom" }, { "id": "19277317", "text": "Newcomer award in Star Awards 2015. He has a fanclub called Nickteology. In 2015, he filmed \"Life - Fear Not\" and made a cameo appearance in \"\", \"Love In Air\" & \"You Can Be an Angel Too\". In 2016, he filmed two half-an hour long-running drama series in \"118 II\" & \"Peace & Prosperity\". He also made cameo appearance in \"Eat Already?\", \"I Want To Be A Star\" & \"The Dream Job\". In 2017, he landed a leading role in toggle original series, \"Dear DJ\" and made cameo appearance in \" The Lead\" & \"Dream Coder\". He made a cameo", "title": "Nick Teo" } ]

[ "1857-01-09" ]

[ { "id": "14571141", "text": "1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes At 04:56 and 06:19 UTC on October 2, 1969 (21:56 and 23:19 PDT October 1), a pair of earthquakes of magnitude 5.6 and 5.7, respectively, struck the city of Santa Rosa, California, killing one person and damaging buildings. The maximum felt intensity for the two events was VII (\"Very strong\") and VIII (\"Severe\") respectively on the Mercalli intensity scale. The $8.35 million cost of the earthquakes went mostly to replace buildings damaged beyond repair. There were at least 200 aftershocks after the initial pair of earthquakes. At the time they were the largest earthquakes to affect", "title": "1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes" }, { "id": "1011050", "text": "largest recent earthquake since the April 25–26, 1992 sequence. It was followed on February 4, 2010, by a magnitude 5.9 earthquake which struck about northwest of the community of Petrolia and nearly west of Eureka. The shaking was felt within a radius, as far north as southern Oregon and as far south as Sonoma County. The largest recorded in the area was the 7.2 event on November 8, 1980. The larger earthquakes can pose a tsunami threat to coastal areas. Eureka is located at (40.790022, −124.162752). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of", "title": "Eureka, California" }, { "id": "18941094", "text": "1980 Eureka earthquake The 1980 Eureka earthquake (also known as the Gorda Basin earthquake) occurred on November 8 at along the northern coastal area of California in the United States. With a moment magnitude of 7.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"), this strike-slip earthquake was the largest to occur in California in 28 years. Although damage was considered light, several loss estimates equaled or exceeded $2 million, and six injuries resulted when two vehicles came down with the partial collapse of a highway overpass on US 101 in Fields Landing. The north coast of California experiences", "title": "1980 Eureka earthquake" }, { "id": "7849984", "text": "2003 San Simeon earthquake The 2003 San Simeon earthquake struck at 11:15 PST (19:15 UTC) on December 22 on the Central Coast of California, about northeast of San Simeon. Probably centered in the Oceanic fault zone within the Santa Lucia Mountains, it was caused by thrust faulting and the rupture propagated southeast from the hypocenter for 12 miles (19 km). The most violent ground movement was within 50 miles of the epicenter, though the earthquake was felt as far away as Los Angeles. With a moment magnitude of 6.6, it was the most destructive earthquake to hit the United States", "title": "2003 San Simeon earthquake" }, { "id": "4259686", "text": "1857 Fort Tejon earthquake The 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake occurred at about 8:20 am (Pacific time) on January 9 in central and Southern California. One of the largest recorded earthquakes in the United States, with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9, it ruptured the southern part of the San Andreas Fault for a length of about 225 miles (350 kilometers), between Parkfield and Wrightwood. The earthquake was felt throughout much of California, as far north as the city of Marysville and as far south as the mouth of the Colorado River at the Gulf of California in Mexico, and as", "title": "1857 Fort Tejon earthquake" }, { "id": "2124965", "text": "1872 Lone Pine earthquake The 1872 Lone Pine earthquake struck on March 26 at with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.4 to 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of X (\"Extreme\"). Its epicenter was near Lone Pine, California, in Owens Valley. It was one of the largest earthquakes to hit California in recorded history and was similar in size to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Twenty-seven people were killed and fifty-six were injured. The earthquake resulted from sudden vertical movement of 15–20 feet (4.5–6m) and right-lateral movement of 35–40 feet (10.6–12m) on the Lone Pine Fault and part of the", "title": "1872 Lone Pine earthquake" }, { "id": "16233995", "text": "1979 Imperial Valley earthquake The 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake occurred at 16:16 Pacific Daylight Time (23:16 UTC) on October 15 just south of the Mexico–United States border. It affected Imperial Valley in Southern California and Mexicali Valley in northern Baja California. The earthquake had a relatively shallow hypocenter and caused property damage in the United States estimated at $30 million USD. The irrigation systems in the Imperial Valley were badly affected, but no deaths occurred. It was the largest earthquake to occur in the contiguous United States since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake eight years earlier. The earthquake was 6.5", "title": "1979 Imperial Valley earthquake" }, { "id": "11088476", "text": "levee on the west bank of the Feather River, at Shanghai Bend, collapsed and a wall of water 21 feet high entered the county, flooding 90 percent of the City of Yuba City and the farmlands in the southern Yuba City basin. Some 600 people were rescued by helicopter, but 37 people drowned. The 1964 Alaska earthquake caused a tsunami in March, completely devastating several North Coast towns and resulting in 14 deaths and an economic loss of $14 million in Del Norte County alone. The six days from December 19–24, 1964 were the wettest ever recorded at many stations", "title": "Floods in California" }, { "id": "18600084", "text": "1991 Sierra Madre earthquake The 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake occurred on June 28 at with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). The thrust earthquake resulted in two deaths, around 100 injuries, and damage estimated at $33.5–40 million. The event occurred beneath the San Gabriel Mountains on the Clamshell–Sawpit Fault, which is a part of the Sierra Madre–Cucamonga Fault System. Instruments captured the event at a number of strong motion stations in Southern California. Due to its history of generating great earthquakes (1857, 1906) the focal point of earthquake hazard assessment in California", "title": "1991 Sierra Madre earthquake" }, { "id": "19800054", "text": "1838 San Andreas earthquake The 1838 San Andreas earthquake is believed to be a rupture along the northern part of the San Andreas Fault in June 1838. It affected approximately 100 km (62 miles) of the fault, from the San Francisco Peninsula to the Santa Cruz Mountains. It was a strong earthquake, with an estimated moment magnitude of 6.8 to 7.2, making it one of the largest known earthquakes in California. The region was lightly populated at the time, although structural damage was reported in San Francisco, Oakland, and Monterey. It is unknown whether there were fatalities. Based on geological", "title": "1838 San Andreas earthquake" }, { "id": "14571146", "text": "on structures in Santa Rosa showed that it was necessary to design buildings using dynamic principles rather than just static, even in the case of a moderate intensity earthquake. 1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes At 04:56 and 06:19 UTC on October 2, 1969 (21:56 and 23:19 PDT October 1), a pair of earthquakes of magnitude 5.6 and 5.7, respectively, struck the city of Santa Rosa, California, killing one person and damaging buildings. The maximum felt intensity for the two events was VII (\"Very strong\") and VIII (\"Severe\") respectively on the Mercalli intensity scale. The $8.35 million cost of the earthquakes went", "title": "1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes" }, { "id": "5348365", "text": "was very near Mussel Rock on the coast of Daly City, an adjacent suburb just south of San Francisco. A strong foreshock preceded the mainshock by about 20 to 25 seconds. The strong shaking of the main shock lasted about 42 seconds. The shaking intensity as described on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale reached VIII in San Francisco and up to IX in areas to the north like Santa Rosa, where destruction was devastating. There were decades of minor earthquakes – more than at any other time in the historical record for northern California – before the 1906 quake. They", "title": "History of California 1900–present" }, { "id": "1023354", "text": "the United States Geological Survey released a map detailing the results of a new tool that measures ground shaking during an earthquake. The map determined that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was most powerful in an area between Santa Rosa and what is now Sebastopol, causing more damage in Santa Rosa (for its size) than any other city affected. On October 1, 1969, two earthquakes of magnitudes 5.6 and 5.7 shook Santa Rosa, damaging about 100 structures. They were the strongest quakes to affect the city since 1906. The epicenters were about two miles (3 km) north of Santa Rosa.", "title": "Santa Rosa, California" }, { "id": "5348362", "text": "tsunamis caused by the earthquake are often where the greatest damage occurs. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the city (then the largest in California) and nearby communities at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. Devastating fires broke out in the city that lasted for several days, destroying about 28,000 buildings. As a result of the quake and fires, over 3,000 people died and over 80% of San Francisco was destroyed. The death toll from the earthquake and resulting fire is the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California's history. The most widely accepted estimate for", "title": "History of California 1900–present" }, { "id": "856921", "text": "On July 21, 1952, an earthquake occurred with the epicenter about south of Bakersfield. It measured 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale and killed 12 people. In addition to the deaths, it was responsible for hundreds of injuries and more than $60 million in property damage. The main shock was felt over much of California and as far away as Phoenix, Arizona and Reno, Nevada. The earthquake occurred on the White Wolf Fault and was the strongest to occur in California since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Tehachapi suffered the greatest damage and loss of life from the earthquake, though", "title": "Kern County, California" }, { "id": "14444052", "text": "2010 Baja California earthquake The 2010 Baja California earthquake (also known as 2010 Easter earthquake, 2010 Sierra El Mayor earthquake, or 2010 El Mayor – Cucapah earthquake) occurred on April 4 (Easter Sunday) with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). The shock originated at (3:40:41 PM PDT) south of Guadalupe Victoria, Baja California, Mexico. The 89-second quake was widely felt throughout the Western United States, some southern states, and northwest Mexico. It was also the strongest to rock Southern California in at least 18 years (since the 1992 Landers earthquake (M 7.3)),", "title": "2010 Baja California earthquake" }, { "id": "1017579", "text": "in addition to retail outlets. On July 29, 2008, a 5.4 magnitude earthquake occurred at approximately 11:42:15 am PDT (18:42:15 UTC). It was the largest earthquake to affect the urbanized portion of Southern California since the 2004 Parkfield-San Bernardino earthquake. Some incidents of damage were reported, but no fatalities or severe injuries occurred as a result. The earthquake was felt as far south as San Diego and as far north as Las Vegas. The quake was reported to have interrupted a taping of the show Judge Judy, as well as a first-day taping of the new show Judge Penny. The", "title": "Chino Hills, California" }, { "id": "2928575", "text": "1971 San Fernando earthquake The 1971 San Fernando earthquake (also known as the Sylmar earthquake) occurred in the early morning of February 9 in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in southern California. The unanticipated thrust earthquake had a magnitude of 6.5 on the scale, and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (\"Extreme\"). The event was one in a series that affected the Los Angeles area in the late 20th century. Damage was locally severe in the northern San Fernando Valley and surface faulting was extensive to the south of the epicenter in the mountains, as well as urban", "title": "1971 San Fernando earthquake" }, { "id": "20936489", "text": "in a range from low to high magnitude shocks. On the 26th of March in 1872, Owens Valley experienced an earthquake of magnitude 7.2. Scientists have recorded this earthquake to be the \"largest historical earthquake in California\". According to the 1918 issue of \"The Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America\" (BSSA), on July 17, 1918, \"a distinct earthquake shock was felt twelve miles southeast of Olancha, Inyo County ... No damage was done\". Lucile Jones, a seismologist who has conducted research on the Owens Valley region, stated in a 1995 LA Times article that \"Clusters of earthquakes in Rivercrest", "title": "Olancha Earthquake Sequence (2009)" }, { "id": "12586774", "text": "1868 Hayward earthquake The 1868 Hayward earthquake occurred in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States on October 21. With an estimated moment magnitude of 6.3–6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"), it was the most recent large earthquake to occur on the Hayward Fault Zone. It caused significant damage and a number of deaths throughout the region, and was known as the \"Great San Francisco earthquake\" prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. The earthquake occurred at 7:53 a.m. on October 21, 1868. Its epicenter was likely located near Hayward, California, and its magnitude", "title": "1868 Hayward earthquake" }, { "id": "707735", "text": "Major historical earthquakes include, with the magnitudes listed: Coastal cities are vulnerable to tsunamis from locally generated earthquakes as well as those elsewhere in the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Great Chilean earthquake tsunami (1960) killed one person and caused $500,000 to $1,000,000 dollars of damage in Los Angeles, damaged harbors in many coastal cities, and flooded streets in Crescent City. Waves from the Alaskan Good Friday earthquake of 1964 killed twelve people in Crescent City and caused damage as far south as Los Angeles. USGS has released the UCERF California earthquake forecast which models earthquake occurrence in California. California", "title": "Geography of California" }, { "id": "9561294", "text": "1992 Landers earthquake The 1992 Landers earthquake occurred on June 28 with an epicenter near the town of Landers, California. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). At 4:57 a.m. local time (11:57 UTC) on June 28, 1992, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake awoke much of Southern California. Though it turned out it was not the so-called \"Big One\" as many people would think, it was still a very strong earthquake. The shaking lasted for two to three minutes. Although this earthquake was much more powerful than the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the", "title": "1992 Landers earthquake" }, { "id": "2124969", "text": "only one of many faults on two parallel systems. This earthquake also formed a small graben that later was filled by water, creating Diaz Lake. The common grave of the earthquake's victims is now registered as California Historical Landmark #507. 1872 Lone Pine earthquake The 1872 Lone Pine earthquake struck on March 26 at with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.4 to 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of X (\"Extreme\"). Its epicenter was near Lone Pine, California, in Owens Valley. It was one of the largest earthquakes to hit California in recorded history and was similar in size to", "title": "1872 Lone Pine earthquake" }, { "id": "1902422", "text": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in Northern California on October 17 at local time (1989-10-18 00:04 UTC). The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park approximately northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. With a moment magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"), the shock was responsible for 63 deaths and 3,757 injuries. The Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System had been relatively inactive", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "12654376", "text": "2016), who died 11 days shy of his 110th birthday, was thought to be the last survivor. In 2005 the National Film Registry added \"San Francisco Earthquake and Fire, April 18, 1906\", a newsreel documentary made soon after the earthquake, to its list of American films worthy of preservation. 1906 San Francisco earthquake The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (\"Extreme\"). High intensity shaking was felt from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas", "title": "1906 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "14605595", "text": "1940 El Centro earthquake The 1940 El Centro earthquake (or 1940 Imperial Valley earthquake) occurred at 21:35 Pacific Standard Time on May 18 (05:35 UTC on May 19) in the Imperial Valley in southeastern Southern California near the international border of the United States and Mexico. It had a moment magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum perceived intensity of X (\"Extreme\") on the Mercalli intensity scale. It was the first major earthquake to be recorded by a strong-motion seismograph located next to a fault rupture. The earthquake was characterized as a typical moderate-sized destructive event with a complex energy release", "title": "1940 El Centro earthquake" }, { "id": "14357577", "text": "of .09\"g\" on bedrock, and .24\"g\" on an upper abutment. The day of the main event two aftershocks occurred (5.6 at 14:51 and 5.4 at 22:07) but the initial shock was V (\"Moderate\") on the Mercalli intensity scale and the second event was felt only. Ten days following the mainshock on July 31, a stronger aftershock occurred with a local magnitude of 5.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (\"Strong\"). That aftershock was felt in California and western Nevada, broke windows and knocked items off shelves in Bishop, and light fixtures were damaged at the National Weather Service office.", "title": "1986 Chalfant Valley earthquake" }, { "id": "15402155", "text": "1948 Desert Hot Springs earthquake The 1948 Desert Hot Springs earthquake occurred on December 4 at 3:43 p.m. Pacific Standard Time with a moment magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). The shock was felt from the central coast of California in the north, and to Baja California in the south, and came at a time when earthquake research in southern California was being resumed following the Second World War. It was one of two events in the 20th century that have occurred near a complex region of the southern San Andreas Fault System where", "title": "1948 Desert Hot Springs earthquake" }, { "id": "19596557", "text": "1932 Eureka earthquake The 1932 Eureka earthquake occurred on June 6 at along the northern coastal area of California in the United States. With a moment magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (\"Severe\"), this earthquake left one person dead from a falling chimney and several injured. The shock was the largest in the area since 1923 and was felt in southern Oregon and northern California. Near Cape Mendocino, the Mendocino Triple Junction is an area of active seismicity where three tectonic plates come together. The Mendocino Fracture Zone (also known as the Mendocino Fault east of", "title": "1932 Eureka earthquake" }, { "id": "3239538", "text": "wind. The mountains also shield the area from cool marine layers. Partially as a result of this phenomenon, Brookings recorded its highest temperature ever, , on July 8, 2008. Earthquakes are common, and large-scale ones occur around every 300 years. The Cascadia earthquake of 1700—estimated at 8.7–9.2 on the moment magnitude scale—caused a tsunami to sweep across California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, reaching Japan the next day. It was produced when the entire Cascadia subduction zone, about long, slipped approximately in a megathrust event. Another major earthquake occurred in 1873 near present-day Brookings. With a magnitude of 7.3, the", "title": "Chetco River" }, { "id": "1011650", "text": "for Sunkist oranges and Blue Diamond walnuts. Whittier was the first home to Azusa Pacific University, established on March 3, 1899, by the Quaker community and a Methodist evangelist under the name Training School for Christian Workers. On October 1, 1987, at 7:42 a.m., the Whittier Narrows earthquake struck, the epicenter being six miles (10 km) north by northwest of Whittier. The seismic event, which registered 5.9 on the moment magnitude scale, resulted in eight casualties and massive damage to uptown Whittier's historic buildings. Three days later, on October 4, 1987, at 3:59 a.m., a major aftershock measuring 5.2 occurred,", "title": "Whittier, California" }, { "id": "856831", "text": "major earthquakes that occurred off the coast of Cape Mendocino, California on April 25 and 26, 1992, the largest being a 7.2. Ninety-five people were injured and property in the county sustained considerable damage. In 2010 a 6.5 magnitude earthquake struck offshore, west of Eureka, resulting in only minor injuries and some structural damage to houses and utilities, and no fatalities reported. The town of Arcata is built on top of an accretionary wedge. This was formed by the subduction of the Gorda plate underneath the North American plate. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total", "title": "Humboldt County, California" }, { "id": "5348364", "text": "plate. The 1906 rupture propagated both northward and southward from its epicenter for a total of about . The San Andreas Fault runs the length of California from the Salton Sea in the south to Cape Mendocino to the north, a distance of about . The earthquake ruptured the northern third of the fault for a distance of about . The maximum observed surface displacement was about ; however, geodetic measurements show displacements of up to in some places. The most recent analysis by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) shows that the most likely epicenter of the 1906 earthquake", "title": "History of California 1900–present" }, { "id": "14357563", "text": "1986 Chalfant Valley earthquake The 1986 Chalfant Valley earthquake struck southern Mono County near Bishop and Chalfant, California at Pacific Daylight Time on July 21. With a moment magnitude of 6.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (\"Strong\"), the shock injured two people and caused property damage estimated at $2.7 million in the affected areas. There was a significant foreshock and aftershock sequence that included a few moderate events, and was the last in a series of three earthquakes that affected southern California and the northern Owens Valley in July 1986. Strong motion stations at the Long Valley Dam", "title": "1986 Chalfant Valley earthquake" }, { "id": "14357578", "text": "1986 Chalfant Valley earthquake The 1986 Chalfant Valley earthquake struck southern Mono County near Bishop and Chalfant, California at Pacific Daylight Time on July 21. With a moment magnitude of 6.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (\"Strong\"), the shock injured two people and caused property damage estimated at $2.7 million in the affected areas. There was a significant foreshock and aftershock sequence that included a few moderate events, and was the last in a series of three earthquakes that affected southern California and the northern Owens Valley in July 1986. Strong motion stations at the Long Valley Dam", "title": "1986 Chalfant Valley earthquake" }, { "id": "11088475", "text": "concrete sewers. A statewide disaster was declared November 21 when floods caused 9 deaths and $32 million in damage. The storm affected the central Sierra and South Bay areas. The Eel River on the North Coast saw the greatest flow of record to that time while Central Valley rivers saw near-record flows. A statewide disaster was declared, with the storm resulting in 74 deaths and $200 million in economic losses. The heaviest 24-hour rainfall was recorded on December 20, when fell in Shasta County. The storm's toll on Sutter County was severe. At 12:04 a.m. on December 24, 1955, a", "title": "Floods in California" }, { "id": "16439838", "text": "1925 Santa Barbara earthquake The 1925 Santa Barbara earthquake hit the area of Santa Barbara, California on June 29, with a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). It resulted in 13 casualties and destroyed the historic center of the city, with damage estimated at $8 million (about $111 million in 2017). Although no foreshocks were reported felt before the mainshock, a pressure gauge recording card at the local waterworks showed disturbances beginning at 3:27 a.m., which were likely caused by foreshocks. At 6:44 a.m. the mainshock occurred which lasted 19 seconds. The epicenter of", "title": "1925 Santa Barbara earthquake" }, { "id": "1008741", "text": "there is no record of the local effects of this quake. The Garlock Fault last ruptured approximately 500 years ago. Tehachapi is best known for the 7.3 1952 Kern County earthquake on the White Wolf Fault in 1952. At the time, the earthquake was the largest in Southern California in the twentieth century and the largest since the 1872 Lone Pine earthquake. It was felt as far away as Reno, Nevada. Twelve people died in the quake and severe damage was done to buildings and rail lines in the area. Tehachapi has a thriving and growing cycling community for both", "title": "Tehachapi, California" }, { "id": "14605605", "text": "Solfatara irrigation canals to save the cantaloupe crop, and the water supply was restored in less than four days. Sources 1940 El Centro earthquake The 1940 El Centro earthquake (or 1940 Imperial Valley earthquake) occurred at 21:35 Pacific Standard Time on May 18 (05:35 UTC on May 19) in the Imperial Valley in southeastern Southern California near the international border of the United States and Mexico. It had a moment magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum perceived intensity of X (\"Extreme\") on the Mercalli intensity scale. It was the first major earthquake to be recorded by a strong-motion seismograph located", "title": "1940 El Centro earthquake" }, { "id": "8449306", "text": "a small wooden church and the Petrolia Pioneer Cemetery, which has the graves of original residents of Petrolia dating from November 1857. On the evening of March 9, 2014 a magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck approximately 50 miles to the west. It was widely felt, yet caused little to no damage, nor generate a tsunami. The lack of any significant damage or land deformation was attributed to the shallow strike-slip fault movement in deep (3000m) water. In 2010 two other large quakes had hit the area, a 6.5 on January 9 and a 5.9 on February 3; neither caused any deaths,", "title": "Petrolia, California" }, { "id": "13408831", "text": "harbors. In 1960, a teletsunami generated near the coast of Chile again devastated Hilo, resulting in 61 deaths. The earthquake responsible was the largest earthquake ever recorded, with a magnitude of 9.5 that caused waves tall in Hilo. A warning was issued in Hilo beforehand that correctly predicted the tsunami's arrival time, though it did not provide sufficient time for the majority of residents to evacuate. The tsunami also struck Japan killing 138 and the Philippines killing 32. In 1964, a large tsunami originated as a result of the 9.2 earthquake from the Gulf of Alaska. As a result, California", "title": "Teletsunami" }, { "id": "12669572", "text": "Richter magnitude 9 earthquake and the populous coastal regions west of the San Andreas Fault sink into the Pacific Ocean. This is in accordance with a fictional prediction by the real life psychic Edgar Cayce. The catastrophic quake itself is covered immediately prior to the last chapter of the novel. The quake is described as starting north of Point Arena, California and continuing southward as a large rupture on the San Andreas Fault, until it stops near Taft, California. Pausing for moments, a second larger quake resumes, continuing southward through the Los Angeles, California area, and into the Salton Sea,", "title": "The Last Days of the Late, Great State of California" }, { "id": "5348363", "text": "the magnitude of the earthquake is a moment magnitude (M) or Richter magnitude (M) of 7.8; however, other values have been proposed, from 7.7 to as high as 8.25. Shaking was felt from Oregon to Los Angeles, and inland as far as central Nevada. The San Francisco 1906 earthquake was caused by a rupture on the San Andreas Fault, a continental transform fault that forms part of the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. The fault is characterized by mainly lateral motion where the western (Pacific) plate moves northward relative to the eastern (North American)", "title": "History of California 1900–present" }, { "id": "11992393", "text": "1992 Big Bear earthquake The 1992 Big Bear earthquake occurred at on June 28 in Big Bear Lake, California, with a moment magnitude of 6.5 and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (\"Severe\") on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake occurred at a relatively shallow depth of and caused landslides in the San Bernardino Mountains. The Big Bear earthquake happened just east of the \"Big Bend\" of the San Andreas Fault, where it takes an offset towards Los Angeles, and 3 hours 26 minutes after the M 7.3 1992 Landers earthquake occurred 22 miles (35 km) to the east. The", "title": "1992 Big Bear earthquake" }, { "id": "18813156", "text": "1957 San Francisco earthquake The 1957 San Francisco earthquake (also known as the Daly City earthquake of 1957) occurred on March 22 at with a moment magnitude of 5.7 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). It was located just off the San Francisco Peninsula near the San Andreas Fault and was felt in a limited portion of Northern and Central California. There was a non-destructive foreshock and aftershock sequence that lasted for several months. With financial losses of around US$1 million, damage was considered minimal, with one death and forty injuries. The San Andreas Fault is a", "title": "1957 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "1010496", "text": "these incidents were barely perceptible, eleven events included wave measurements exceeding one meter, four events caused damage, and one event in particular is commonly cited as \"the largest and most destructive recorded tsunami to ever strike the United States Pacific Coast.\" On 27 March 1964, the Good Friday earthquake off Anchorage, Alaska, set in motion local landslide tsunamis, as well as a trans-Pacific wave. The tsunami wave travel time to Crescent City was 4.1 hours after the earthquake, but it only produced localized flooding. The second and third waves to hit Crescent City were both smaller than the first wave,", "title": "Crescent City, California" }, { "id": "16439847", "text": "strong temblors. Sources 1925 Santa Barbara earthquake The 1925 Santa Barbara earthquake hit the area of Santa Barbara, California on June 29, with a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). It resulted in 13 casualties and destroyed the historic center of the city, with damage estimated at $8 million (about $111 million in 2017). Although no foreshocks were reported felt before the mainshock, a pressure gauge recording card at the local waterworks showed disturbances beginning at 3:27 a.m., which were likely caused by foreshocks. At 6:44 a.m. the mainshock occurred which lasted 19 seconds.", "title": "1925 Santa Barbara earthquake" }, { "id": "12556733", "text": "2007 Alum Rock earthquake The 2007 Alum Rock earthquake occurred on in Alum Rock Park in San Jose, California. It measured 5.6 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (\"Strong\"). The event was then the largest in the San Francisco Bay Area since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, which measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale, but was later surpassed by the 2014 South Napa earthquake. Ground shaking from the Alum Rock quake reached San Francisco and Oakland and other points further north. Sixty thousand felt reports existed far beyond Santa Rosa, as far", "title": "2007 Alum Rock earthquake" }, { "id": "13418223", "text": "Coyote Lake earthquake's mainshock. That event's aftershock zone also stretched to the southeast. 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake The 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake (also Halls Valley earthquake) occurred on April 24 at in the Santa Clara Valley of Northern California. The shock had a moment magnitude of 6.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (\"Severe\"). The epicenter was located near Mount Hamilton in the Diablo Range of the California Coast Ranges. Nearby communities (including Morgan Hill) sustained serious damage with financial losses of at least US$7.5 million. The earthquake occurred along the Calaveras Fault, with the epicenter northeast of San", "title": "1984 Morgan Hill earthquake" }, { "id": "12586776", "text": "and throughout Alameda County. Damage was reported from Santa Rosa in the north to Gilroy and Santa Cruz in the south. Thirty deaths were attributed to the earthquake. The United States Geological Survey estimates that Hayward experienced shaking measuring IX (\"Violent\") on the modified Mercalli scale. San Leandro experienced shaking measuring VIII (\"Severe\"), while San Francisco and Oakland experienced shaking measuring VII (\"Very strong\"). 1868 Hayward earthquake The 1868 Hayward earthquake occurred in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States on October 21. With an estimated moment magnitude of 6.3–6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"), it", "title": "1868 Hayward earthquake" }, { "id": "14444061", "text": "Salada Fault. Whether or not this is the Cerro Prieto Fault is unclear as of April 5. This is a developing field situation, as geologists are working to locate and measure the lateral extent of the surface faulting. A strong aftershock with a magnitude of 5.7 occurred on June 14, 2010 at 9:26:58 PM PDT, with an epicenter near Ocotillo in southwestern Imperial County and a focal depth of 5.0 km. On July 7, 2010, a 5.4-magnitude earthquake, triggered by the April 10, 2010 quake, occurred on the San Jacinto Fault, the most seismically active fault in California, and one", "title": "2010 Baja California earthquake" }, { "id": "18842890", "text": "were injured, and financial losses were estimated to be in the range of $4.5 to 6 million. July 1986 was an unusually active month for moderate to strong earthquakes in California, with three events occurring in less than two weeks. Each had mild to moderate effects and began on July 8 with the event near Palm Springs. The second event was a M5.8 shock that occurred off the coast of Oceanside on July 13. While the earthquake off the southern California coast occurred in an area thought to be capable of generating a tsunami, the earthquake near Palm Springs occurred", "title": "1986 North Palm Springs earthquake" }, { "id": "14423250", "text": "the epicentral area, but landslides closed roads and railroad tracks for at least a week while cleanup took place. Also discovered was about of coastal uplift near Cape Mendocino and Punta Gorda. As the largest earthquake in California since the 1989 Loma Prieta event several years earlier, the mainshock caused a non-destructive tsunami that quickly reached the coast, and eventually Alaska and Hawaii several hours later. The tsunami was significant not because of its run-up, but because of the speed with which it reached the coast and for how long the waves persisted. Other strong earthquakes have affected the same", "title": "1992 Cape Mendocino earthquakes" }, { "id": "12654332", "text": "1906 San Francisco earthquake The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (\"Extreme\"). High intensity shaking was felt from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley, an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area. Devastating fires soon broke out in the city and lasted for several days. Thousands of homes were dismantled. As a result, up to 3,000 people died and over 80% of the city of San Francisco was", "title": "1906 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "2314238", "text": "between Concepción and Santiago). This quake was reported to be centered approximately deep and several miles off shore. This 2010 Chile earthquake may be related or consequential to the 1960 tremor. Bibliography 1960 Valdivia earthquake The 1960 Valdivia earthquake () or Great Chilean earthquake (\"Gran terremoto de Chile\") of 22 May is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Various studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale. It occurred in the afternoon (19:11 GMT, 15:11 local time), and lasted approximately 10 minutes. The resulting tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia", "title": "1960 Valdivia earthquake" }, { "id": "20347114", "text": "Her remains were later moved to Santa Barbara. Her brother Pablo served in the California senate and was state lieutenant governor. Her \"California Recollections of Angustias de la Guerra Ord: (Occurrences in Hispanic California)\", translated from the original Spanish, is an important record in the history of California. De la Guerra Ord's account emphasizes the important role of women in the described historical events. Her recollections also include a description of what have been the largest recorded earthquake and possible tsunami to hit central and southern California, as related to de la Guerra Ord by Father Luis Gil y Taboada.", "title": "Angustias de la Guerra Ord" }, { "id": "66793", "text": "in most years. This is often referred to by the media as the California exodus. During the 20th century, two great disasters happened in California. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and 1928 St. Francis Dam flood remain the deadliest in U.S history. California is the 3rd largest state in the United States in area, after Alaska and Texas. California is often geographically bisected into two regions, Southern California, comprising the 10 southernmost counties, and Northern California, comprising the 48 northernmost counties. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east and northeast, Arizona to the southeast, the", "title": "California" }, { "id": "1011113", "text": "landslides occurred on the Mattole Road which also cracked due to downhill slumping and soil compaction of the road shoulders. Damages in Ferndale were estimated at $10.4 million. On January 9, 2010, the 6.5 Richter magnitude, 2010 Eureka earthquake's epicenter was about offshore of Ferndale. Occurring within a subduction fault associated with the interaction of three tectonic plates (Pacific, North American, and Juan de Fuca), it was the largest local earthquake since the 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquakes. Ferndale's climate is moderated by being close to the Pacific Ocean and in the lee of the Wildcat Hills. Winter temperatures rarely go", "title": "Ferndale, California" }, { "id": "703435", "text": "September 7; a two-day-long \"fiesta\" followed. The sanctuary floors were paved with diamond-shaped tiles, and brick-lined niches displayed the statues of various saints. It was by all accounts the most magnificent in all of California and a three-day feast was held in celebration of this monumental achievement. Tragedy struck the settlement when on the morning of December 8, 1812, the \"Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin\", a series of large earthquakes shook Southern California during the first Sunday service. The 7.5-magnitude San Juan Capistrano earthquake racked the doors to the church, pinning them shut. When the", "title": "Mission San Juan Capistrano" }, { "id": "12082866", "text": "1983 Coalinga earthquake The 1983 Coalinga earthquake struck at 4:42 p.m. Monday, May 2 of that year, in Coalinga, California, The shock was felt from the greater Los Angeles Area north to Susanville in Lassen County, and between the Pacific Coast and western Nevada. More than 5,000 aftershocks were recorded through July 31, of which 894 had a magnitude of 2.5 or larger. It measured 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (severe). The Coalinga quake was caused by an 0.5-meter uplift of an anticline ridge northeast of Coalinga, but surface faulting was", "title": "1983 Coalinga earthquake" }, { "id": "18717972", "text": "for disasters on a regular basis, and the response to the light damage was considered smooth, though some officials sought room for improvement. Discussions followed the event, with local governments focusing on telecommunication problems, emergency power systems, and seismic safety. 1979 Coyote Lake earthquake The 1979 Coyote Lake earthquake occurred at on August 6 with a moment magnitude of 5.7 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). The shock occurred on the Calaveras Fault near Coyote Lake in Santa Clara County, California and resulted in a number of injuries, including some that required hospitalization. Most of the $500,000", "title": "1979 Coyote Lake earthquake" }, { "id": "1025304", "text": "approximately 100 survive. During this period, the Loughead Aircraft Company was established on lower State Street, and regularly tested seaplanes off of East Beach. This was the genesis of what would later become Lockheed. The magnitude 6.3 earthquake of June 29, 1925, was the first destructive earthquake in California since the 1906 San Francisco quake, destroyed much of downtown Santa Barbara and killed 13 people. The earthquake caused infrastructure to collapse including the Sheffield Dam. The low death toll is attributed to the early hour (6:44 a.m., before most people were out on the streets, vulnerable to falling masonry). While", "title": "Santa Barbara, California" }, { "id": "18842889", "text": "1986 North Palm Springs earthquake The 1986 North Palm Springs earthquake occurred on July 8 at with a moment magnitude of 6.0 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). The shock occurred in a complex setting along the San Andreas Fault Zone where it bisects San Gorgonio Mountain and San Jacinto Peak at the San Gorgonio Pass and was the first in a series of three earthquakes that affected southern California and the northern Owens Valley in July 1986. Numerous strong motion instruments recorded the event, one of which showed relatively high accelerations. Between 29 and 40 people", "title": "1986 North Palm Springs earthquake" }, { "id": "19566191", "text": "1918 San Jacinto earthquake The 1918 San Jacinto earthquake occurred in extreme eastern San Diego County in Southern California on April 21 at . The shock had a moment magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). Several injuries and one death occurred with total losses estimated to be $200,000. The San Jacinto Fault Zone is a major strike-slip fault zone that runs through San Bernardino, Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial Counties in Southern California. The SJFZ is a component of the larger San Andreas transform system and is considered to be the most seismically active fault", "title": "1918 San Jacinto earthquake" }, { "id": "14423261", "text": "41 businesses experiencing some form of damage, the city of Fortuna experienced losses totaling $3.8 million. Eureka and Arcata ( north of the Eel River valley) saw light damage and no injuries, while the unincorporated communities of Weott and Carlotta reported damage of less than $2 million combined. As the largest earthquake in California since the October 1989 event in the Santa Cruz Mountains, the mainshock near Petrolia produced some of the highest ground motions ever recorded (at that time) by the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP). Fourteen existing CSMIP stations comprising 84 strong motion sensors recorded the event,", "title": "1992 Cape Mendocino earthquakes" }, { "id": "20190629", "text": "1973 Point Mugu earthquake The 1973 Point Mugu earthquake occurred at on February 21 in the Point Mugu area of southeastern Ventura County of southern California. It had a moment magnitude of 5.8 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). This oblique-slip shock resulted in several injuries and $1 million in damage. The epicenter was near the Oxnard Plain and the northern terminus of the Santa Monica Mountains, in the California South Coast region. At the most extreme points of its perceptibility along the coast, it was felt between intensity I and III (\"Not felt – Weak\") at", "title": "1973 Point Mugu earthquake" }, { "id": "14732641", "text": "San Cayetano Fault The San Cayetano Fault is an east-west trending thrust fault in Ventura County, Southern California. It stretches for , north of the city of Ventura, near the Topatopa Mountains, Piru, Fillmore, Santa Paula, Sulphur Springs, and Ojai. The last known surface rupture was less than 5,000 years ago. Recent research indicates that the San Cayetano fault may have been the source of the December 21, 1812 earthquake. Depending on location, the fault has an estimated slip rate between . The recurrence rate between events is uncertain, but if the fault is associated with the 1812 event, it", "title": "San Cayetano Fault" }, { "id": "12654336", "text": "earthquakes – more than at any other time in the historical record for northern California – before the 1906 quake. Widely interpreted previously as precursory activity to the 1906 earthquake, they have been found to have a strong seasonal pattern and have been postulated to be due to large seasonal sediment loads in coastal bays that overlie faults as a result of the erosion caused by hydraulic mining in the later years of the California Gold Rush. For years, the epicenter of the quake was assumed to be near the town of Olema, in the Point Reyes area of Marin", "title": "1906 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "2314206", "text": "1960 Valdivia earthquake The 1960 Valdivia earthquake () or Great Chilean earthquake (\"Gran terremoto de Chile\") of 22 May is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Various studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale. It occurred in the afternoon (19:11 GMT, 15:11 local time), and lasted approximately 10 minutes. The resulting tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia and the Aleutian Islands. The epicenter of this megathrust earthquake was near Lumaco, approximately south of Santiago, with Valdivia being the most affected city. The tremor caused localised tsunamis that severely battered", "title": "1960 Valdivia earthquake" }, { "id": "2928624", "text": "Valley and 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquakes were presented as gainful events that were recorded during that period, because both produced valuable data that increased knowledge of how moderate events affect buildings. The success of the Imperial Valley event was especially pronounced because of a recently constructed and fully instrumented government building that was shaken to the point of failure. Sources 1971 San Fernando earthquake The 1971 San Fernando earthquake (also known as the Sylmar earthquake) occurred in the early morning of February 9 in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in southern California. The unanticipated thrust earthquake had a", "title": "1971 San Fernando earthquake" }, { "id": "18941097", "text": "within the Gorda Plate are the result of north-south compression at the Mendocino Fault. The left-lateral strike-slip earthquake was the largest to occur in California since the 1952 Kern County earthquake. The mainshock (which was described as a multiple-rupture, with four subevents in the initial 80 seconds) and its aftershocks occurred on a northeast-trending fault that extended from near the Mendocino Fault to a point northwest of Eureka. Movement along the fault is due to a north-south compressional regime and the resulting intraplate deformation of the Gorda Plate. Previous events in this area were the January 1922 7.3 and the", "title": "1980 Eureka earthquake" }, { "id": "18717961", "text": "1979 Coyote Lake earthquake The 1979 Coyote Lake earthquake occurred at on August 6 with a moment magnitude of 5.7 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). The shock occurred on the Calaveras Fault near Coyote Lake in Santa Clara County, California and resulted in a number of injuries, including some that required hospitalization. Most of the $500,000 in damage that was caused was non-structural, but several businesses were closed for repairs. Data from numerous strong motion instruments was used to determine the type, depth, and extent of slip. A non-destructive aftershock sequence that lasted throughout the remainder", "title": "1979 Coyote Lake earthquake" }, { "id": "19941638", "text": "2017 California floods Significant flooding affected parts of California in the first half of 2017. Northern California saw its wettest winter in almost a century, breaking the previous record set in the winter of 1982–83. Flooding related to the same storm systems also impacted parts of western Nevada and southern Oregon. Damage to California roads and highways alone was estimated at over $1 billion (2017 USD). The flooding occurred at the end of one of California's worst droughts on record, and many the state were unprepared to handle the huge volume of rain and snow. However, the heavy precipitation also", "title": "2017 California floods" }, { "id": "12368844", "text": "magnitude of 7.2, and a hypothesized epicenter near Santa Cruz Island, the quake also produced a tsunami which carried water all the way to modern-day Anapamu Street, and carried a ship a half-mile up Refugio Canyon. Following the devastating earthquake, the Mission padres decided to build a larger and more elaborate Mission complex, which is the one that survives to the present day. While the church was ready in 1820, the bell towers were not finished until 1833. The most serious military threat to Santa Barbara during the Spanish period was not by a colonial power, but by Hippolyte de", "title": "History of Santa Barbara, California" }, { "id": "1015815", "text": "Canyondam, California Canyondam (formerly, Canyon Dam) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Plumas County, California, United States. Canyondam is located near the dam that forms Lake Almanor, east-southeast of Almanor. The population was 31 as of the 2010 census, down from 37 as of the 2000 census. The Canyondam post office opened in 1940, closed in 1944, and reopened in 1952. An earthquake measuring 5.7 Mw struck on May 23, 2013 and was felt over much of Northern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). Its epicenter was about from Canyondam. Canyondam is located at (40.169921, -121.075586).", "title": "Canyondam, California" }, { "id": "5921368", "text": "1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake occurred in the southern San Gabriel Valley and surrounding communities of southern California at on October 1. The moderate 5.9 magnitude blind thrust earthquake was centered several miles north of Whittier in the town of Rosemead, had a relatively shallow depth, and was felt throughout southern California and southern Nevada. A large number of homes and businesses were impacted, along with roadway disruptions, mainly in Los Angeles and Orange counties. Damage estimates ranged from $213–358 million, with 200 injuries, three directly-related deaths, and five additional fatalities that were associated with the", "title": "1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake" }, { "id": "1927833", "text": "1994 Northridge earthquake The 1994 Northridge earthquake was a of 6.7 (), blind thrust earthquake which occurred on January 17 at 4:30:55 a.m. PST in the San Fernando Valley region of the County of Los Angeles. Its epicenter was in Reseda, a neighborhood in the north-central Valley. The quake had a duration of approximately 10–20 seconds, and its peak ground acceleration of 1.8\"g\" (16.7 m/s) was the highest ever instrumentally recorded in an urban area in North America. Strong ground motion was felt as far away as Las Vegas, Nevada, about 220 miles (360 km) from the epicenter. The peak", "title": "1994 Northridge earthquake" }, { "id": "19562571", "text": "21 event differed slightly, in that the strongest effects were shifted slightly to the northwest. 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes The 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes occurred in northern California as a large doublet on April 19 and April 21. Measured on a seismic scale that is based on an isoseismal map or the event's felt area, the 6.4 and 6.2 events were assigned a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"), and affected the North Bay and Central Valley areas. While the total damage was estimated at between $225,000–250,000, one person was killed, but there are no reports on how many people may have", "title": "1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes" }, { "id": "4259705", "text": "Angeles Aqueduct and California Aqueduct, two of the principal water transfer infrastructure systems supplying Greater Los Angeles, both cross the San Andreas fault within the main damage zone of the Fort Tejon earthquake, in the Tehachapi and Sierra Pelona Mountains. 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake The 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake occurred at about 8:20 am (Pacific time) on January 9 in central and Southern California. One of the largest recorded earthquakes in the United States, with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9, it ruptured the southern part of the San Andreas Fault for a length of about 225 miles (350 kilometers),", "title": "1857 Fort Tejon earthquake" }, { "id": "12041031", "text": "Great Southern California ShakeOut The Great California ShakeOut is an annual earthquake preparedness drill in California. It is one of the official regions in the Great ShakeOut Earthquake Drills movement. The first drill, known as The Great Southern California ShakeOut, took place on November 13, 2008, was the largest earthquake drill in U.S. history up until that time, and involved 5.3 million participants. The Earthquake Country Alliance organized the Great Southern California ShakeOut. This drill took place in homes, businesses, schools, places of worship and communities across Southern California and also featured week-long events to connect communities with preparedness resources", "title": "Great Southern California ShakeOut" }, { "id": "12261711", "text": "magnitude of 6.7 or larger will almost definitely occur somewhere in the state within the next 30 years. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said: \"This earthquake reminds us to be prepared. [...] We were very fortunate that there were no serious injuries or property damage.\" Additionally, registration for the Great Southern California ShakeOut, a regional earthquake drill scheduled to occur on Nov. 13, 2008, increased significantly in the aftermath of the earthquake. 2008 Chino Hills earthquake The 2008 Chino Hills earthquake occurred at on July 29 in Southern California. The epicenter of the magnitude 5.5 earthquake was in Chino Hills, c.", "title": "2008 Chino Hills earthquake" }, { "id": "13418221", "text": "1984 Morgan Hill earthquake The 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake (also Halls Valley earthquake) occurred on April 24 at in the Santa Clara Valley of Northern California. The shock had a moment magnitude of 6.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (\"Severe\"). The epicenter was located near Mount Hamilton in the Diablo Range of the California Coast Ranges. Nearby communities (including Morgan Hill) sustained serious damage with financial losses of at least US$7.5 million. The earthquake occurred along the Calaveras Fault, with the epicenter northeast of San Jose, and at a depth of . The shock was felt in Sacramento", "title": "1984 Morgan Hill earthquake" }, { "id": "11088482", "text": "set a new peak record, and the Russian and Pajaro rivers approached their record peaks. 28 people were killed and the flood cost $1.8 billion. A series of subtropical storms, collectively called a pineapple express, struck northern California from late December 1996 to early January 1997. December 1996 was one of the wettest Decembers on record. The Klamath River on California's North Coast experienced significant flooding which led to the river permanently changing course in some areas. The Klamath National Forest experienced its worst flood since 1974. Unprecedented flows from rain surged into the Feather River basin while melted snow", "title": "Floods in California" }, { "id": "4259702", "text": "to the limited number of data points available. On the night of 9 January there was a large aftershock with an estimated magnitude of about 6.25, with a possible epicenter near the Garlock Fault. The largest aftershock occurred on the afternoon of 16 January with an estimated magnitude of about 6.7, with a possible offshore location, and high felt intensities in Southern California communities. Santa Barbara and San Bernardino reported an MM intensity of V and Los Angeles reported V and VI. Two significant events occurred in the San Bernardino area on 15–16 December 1858, with the latter having an", "title": "1857 Fort Tejon earthquake" }, { "id": "10881940", "text": "to occur in California since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The town of Tehachapi suffered the greatest damage and loss of life from the earthquake, though other locations in Kern County experienced significant damage as well, but its effects were widely felt throughout central and southern California. The July mainshock had a significant aftershock sequence that persisted into July and August with many magnitude 5+ events with intensities of V (\"Moderate\") to VII (\"Very strong\"). Six of these aftershocks occurred on the day of the mainshock, but the strongest aftershock came on August 22 as a M5.8 event that had", "title": "1952 Kern County earthquake" }, { "id": "12234154", "text": "interval for a series of large earthquakes starting in 1899 (including the 5.9 1937 Terwilliger Valley earthquake) was 18, 5, 14, 5, 12, 14, and 19 years, yet there has not been a strong earthquake for years (since the 1987 Superstition Hills and Elmore Ranch sequence). The San Jacinto Fault Zone and the San Andreas Fault (SAF) accommodate up to 80% of the slip rate between the North American and Pacific plates. The extreme southern portion of the SAF has experienced two moderate events in historical times, while the SJFZ is one of California's most active fault zones and has", "title": "San Jacinto Fault Zone" }, { "id": "1019727", "text": "by Downey on the southwest, Santa Fe Springs on the southeast, Whittier on the east, City of Industry on the northeast, Montebello on the northwest, and Commerce on the west. Rosemead/Lakewood Boulevard, CA 19 runs through the center of the city, and the San Gabriel River Freeway (I-605) runs along its southeastern edge. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of it is land and of it (6.60%) is water. Pico Rivera was the epicenter of a magnitude 4.4 earthquake on March 16, 2010, which occurred at 4:04 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time (11:04", "title": "Pico Rivera, California" }, { "id": "2188442", "text": "the U.S. Bureau of the Census, it has tripled that of the early 1980s. The 1994 Northridge earthquake struck at 4:31 a.m. on January 17 and measured 6.7 on the moment magnitude scale. It remains the only large earthquake to originate directly under a major U.S. city in modern times as well as the most damaging earthquake to strike the U.S. since the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. Its epicenter was between Arminta Street and Ingomar Street, just west of Reseda Boulevard. This was the second time in 23 years the area had been affected by a strong earthquake. On", "title": "Reseda, Los Angeles" }, { "id": "12261703", "text": "2008 Chino Hills earthquake The 2008 Chino Hills earthquake occurred at on July 29 in Southern California. The epicenter of the magnitude 5.5 earthquake was in Chino Hills, c. east-southeast of downtown Los Angeles. Though no lives were lost, eight people were injured, and it caused considerable damage in numerous structures throughout the area and caused some amusement park facilities to shut down their rides. The earthquake led to increased discussion regarding the possibility of a stronger earthquake in the future. The Chino Hills earthquake was caused by oblique-slip faulting, with components of both thrust and sinistral strike-slip displacement. Preliminary", "title": "2008 Chino Hills earthquake" }, { "id": "19562565", "text": "1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes The 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes occurred in northern California as a large doublet on April 19 and April 21. Measured on a seismic scale that is based on an isoseismal map or the event's felt area, the 6.4 and 6.2 events were assigned a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"), and affected the North Bay and Central Valley areas. While the total damage was estimated at between $225,000–250,000, one person was killed, but there are no reports on how many people may have been injured. No surface faulting was observed as a result of either strong shocks. The", "title": "1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes" }, { "id": "129349", "text": "between 240,000 and 655,000 people, was the deadliest of the 20th century. The 1960 Chilean earthquake is the largest earthquake that has been measured on a seismograph, reaching 9.5 magnitude on 22 May 1960. Its epicenter was near Cañete, Chile. The energy released was approximately twice that of the next most powerful earthquake, the Good Friday earthquake (March 27, 1964) which was centered in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The ten largest recorded earthquakes have all been megathrust earthquakes; however, of these ten, only the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is simultaneously one of the deadliest earthquakes in history. Earthquakes that caused", "title": "Earthquake" }, { "id": "2124968", "text": "now Yosemite National Park woke naturalist John Muir, then living in Yosemite Valley, who reportedly ran out of his cabin shouting, \"A noble earthquake!\" and promptly made a moonlit survey of the fresh talus piles. This earthquake stopped clocks and awakened people in San Diego, California, to the south, Red Bluff, California, to the north, and Elko, Nevada, to the east. The shock was felt over most of California and much of Nevada. Thousands of aftershocks occurred, some severe. Researchers later estimated that similar earthquakes occur on the Lone Pine fault every 3,000–4,000 years. However, the Lone Pine fault is", "title": "1872 Lone Pine earthquake" }, { "id": "11088478", "text": "storm-caused deaths. Total estimated storm-related losses were $280 million. On February 11, 1986 a vigorous low pressure system drifted east out of the Pacific, creating a Pineapple Express that lasted through February 24 unleashing unprecedented amounts of rain on northern California and western Nevada. The nine-day storm over California constituted half of the average annual rainfall for the year. Record flooding occurred in three streams that drain to the southern part of the San Francisco Bay area. Extensive flooding occurred in the Napa and Russian rivers. Napa, north of San Francisco, recorded their worst flood to this time while nearby", "title": "Floods in California" }, { "id": "11992394", "text": "Big Bear earthquake is considered an aftershock of the Landers earthquake, part of a complex pattern of regional stress adjustment that led to the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. 1992 Big Bear earthquake The 1992 Big Bear earthquake occurred at on June 28 in Big Bear Lake, California, with a moment magnitude of 6.5 and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (\"Severe\") on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake occurred at a relatively shallow depth of and caused landslides in the San Bernardino Mountains. The Big Bear earthquake happened just east of the \"Big Bend\" of the San Andreas Fault, where", "title": "1992 Big Bear earthquake" }, { "id": "5704656", "text": "fearing mass panic, and he was suspended for two months from his Santa Clara County geology position in late October, 1989. Interviewed on Fox News in March 2011, Berkland predicted a massive earthquake in California for sometime between March 19 and March 26, 2011. He cited as factors the highest tides in 18 years and the proximity of the Moon, suggesting that the quake will most likely strike on Saturday, March 19, 2011. No such quake occurred. He has also claimed to have predicted the 1980 M 7.2 Eureka earthquake just fourteen hours before it hit, but the tape-recording documenting", "title": "Jim Berkland" }, { "id": "437957", "text": "eruption on the Hawaiian islands since the 17th century. Volcanic eruptions can occasionally be devastating, such as in the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington. The Ring of Fire makes California and southern Alaska particularly vulnerable to earthquakes. Earthquakes can cause extensive damage, such as the 1906 San Francisco earthquake or the 1964 Good Friday earthquake near Anchorage, Alaska. California is well known for seismic activity, and requires large structures to be earthquake resistant to minimize loss of life and property. Outside of devastating earthquakes, California experiences minor earthquakes on a regular basis. There have been about 100", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "id": "16193168", "text": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake The 1892 Laguna Salada earthquake occurred at . It had an estimated moment magnitude of 7.1–7.2 and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII (\"Severe\"). The shock was centered near the Mexico–United States border and takes its name from a large dry lake bed in Baja California, Mexico. There were no reported casualties, but the event affected the then largely-uninhabited areas of northern Mexico and Southern California. The Salton Trough is part of the complex plate boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate where it undergoes a transition from the continental transform of the", "title": "1892 Laguna Salada earthquake" }, { "id": "20936473", "text": "Olancha Earthquake Sequence (2009) The Olancha Earthquake Sequence (2009) was a consecutive series of three earthquakes, with high magnitudes of 5.2, 5.0 and 4.9 respectively, with a number of small shocks between each, to accompany the main \"triple shock\". Olancha, California is located in the Inyo County, on route 395 with an elevation of 1,115m. Olancha has had a total of 5334 earthquakes since 1931, the largest occurring in 1998 with a magnitude of 5.2. Owens Valley, is located northeast of Olancha consisting mostly of dry, arid saline lakebed. October the 3rd 2009 at 01:16 UTC marked the first earthquake", "title": "Olancha Earthquake Sequence (2009)" }, { "id": "3624043", "text": "section of the San Andreas Fault that is 'overdue' for a large earthquake, and that produced the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake, one of the largest known earthquakes in California at an estimated 7.9 magnitude. This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Neenach has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The vicinity of Neenach was a stop on major transportation routes between Northern California and Southern California since at least the 1820s. The original name for present day Neenac is", "title": "Neenach, California" }, { "id": "16153449", "text": "have initiated near Manzanillo, propagating to the northwest, although early reports from seismologists placed the epicenter farther southeast near the border of Oaxaca and Guerrero. The length of the rupture is estimated to be about 220 km. Seismometers located in New York, London, and Pasadena, California all measured the earthquake. Carlos Valdez, director of the National Seismology Center at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, called the earthquake the most powerful quake in modern Mexican history. The earthquake triggered a tsunami that had a maximum run-up height of 3 m at Bahia San Pedrito in Manzanillo. The tsunami was also", "title": "1932 Jalisco earthquakes" } ]

[ "Milk or cream, sugar" ]

[ { "id": "585598", "text": "Ice cream Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert. It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors. It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes. Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers. The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming. The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "585618", "text": "milk protein, sugar and air. Water and fat have highest proportions by weight creating an emulsion. The triacylglycerols in fat are non polar and will adhere to itself by van der Waals interactions. Water is polar thus, emulsifiers are needed for dispersion of fat. Also ice cream has a colloidal phase of foam which helps in light texture. Milk proteins such as casein and whey protein present in ice cream are amphiphilic, can adsorb water and form micelles which will contribute to consistency. Sucrose which is disaccharide is usually used as a sweetening agent. Lactose which is sugar present in", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "585640", "text": "achieved with the more readily available dry ice, and authors such as Heston Blumenthal have published recipes to produce ice cream and sorbet using a simple blender. Another vendor, \"Creamistry\", creates ice cream from liquid ingredients as customers watch. It has a softer texture than regular ice cream, because ice crystals have less time to form. Ice cream Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert. It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "2307720", "text": "Ice milk Ice milk, or iced milk, is a frozen dessert with less than 10 percent milk fat and the same sweetener content as ice cream. Ice milk is sometimes priced lower than ice cream. A 1994 change in United States Food and Drug Administration rules allowed ice milk to be labeled as low-fat ice cream in the United States. Products containing less milk fat but higher sweetener content are sold as sherbet, and products with no milk fat or dairy analogues are sold as sorbet. Products which use nonfat or lowfat yogurt or dairy analogues are sold as frozen", "title": "Ice milk" }, { "id": "585624", "text": "churns the ice cream mixture while cooled inside a household freezer. Some more expensive models have an inbuilt freezing element. A newer method is to add liquid nitrogen to the mixture while stirring it using a spoon or spatula for a few seconds; a similar technique, advocated by Heston Blumenthal as ideal for home cooks, is to add dry ice to the mixture while stirring for a few minutes. Some ice cream recipes call for making a custard, folding in whipped cream, and immediately freezing the mixture. Another method is to use a pre-frozen solution of salt and water, which", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "585630", "text": "liter. When cocoa, chocolate syrup, fruit, nuts, or confections are added, the percentage of milk fat can be 8 percent. Ice cream is considered as a colloidal system. It is composed by ice cream crystals and aggregates, air that does not mixes with the ice cream by forming small bubbles in the bulk and partially coalesced fat globules. This dispersed phase made from all the small particles is surrounded by an unfrozen continuous phase composed by sugars, proteins, salts, polysaccharides and water. Their interactions determine the properties of ice cream, whether soft and whippy or hard. Ostwald ripening is the", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "18380371", "text": "temperature to form the semi-solid dessert. The product is made with a milk base combined with various fresh ingredients and different toppings served alongside this dessert. The main ingredients include the liquid base, which is commonly milk or soy milk and comes in generic flavours, such as vanilla, chocolate, coffee, and strawberry. The base flavour could be left as is, or extra ingredients can be added, such as fruit, cookies, chocolate, and brownies. These ingredients plus extract powder or syrups are used to create the flavour. The process to create this frozen dessert takes an average of two minutes. The", "title": "Stir-fried ice cream" }, { "id": "585617", "text": "number of manufacturers to start producing gluten-free ice cream. The 1980s saw thicker ice creams being sold as \"premium\" and \"super-premium\" varieties under brands such as Ben & Jerry's, Chocolate Shoppe Ice Cream Company and Häagen-Dazs. Ice cream is a colloidal emulsion having dispersed phase as fat globules. It is an emulsion which is in the end made into foam by incorporating air cells which is frozen to form dispersed ice cells. In the composition of ice cream ice crystals are of most importance as they give a desirable mouth feel. Ice cream is composed of water, ice, milk fat,", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "8790137", "text": "Chocolate ice cream Chocolate ice cream is ice cream with natural or artificial chocolate flavoring. Chocolate is the second most common flavor of ice cream in the United States, after vanilla. The earliest frozen chocolate recipes were published in Naples, Italy in 1693 in Antonio Latini's \"The Modern Steward\". Chocolate was one of the first ice cream flavors, created before vanilla, as common drinks such as hot chocolate, coffee, and tea were the first food items to be turned into frozen desserts. Hot chocolate had become a popular drink in seventeenth-century Europe, alongside coffee and tea, and all three beverages", "title": "Chocolate ice cream" }, { "id": "585629", "text": "have the following composition: These compositions are percentage by weight. Since ice cream can contain as much as half air by volume, these numbers may be reduced by as much as half if cited by volume. In terms of dietary considerations, the percentages by weight are more relevant. Even the low-fat products have high caloric content: Ben and Jerry's No-Fat Vanilla Fudge contains per half-cup due to its high sugar content. According to Canadian Food and Drug Regulations, ice cream in Canada must be at least 10 percent milk fat, and must contain at least 180 grams of solids per", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "8790140", "text": "standards for food, states that the flavor in chocolate ice cream must come from nonfat cocoa solids that must comprise at least 2.0-2.5% of the mix weight. The US Code of Federal Regulations \"permits reductions in the content of milk fat and total milk solids by a factor of 2.5 times the weight of the cocoa solids\", in order to take into account the use of additional sweeteners. The minimum fat content of chocolate ice cream in both Canada and the United States is 8%, irrespective of the amount of chocolate sweetener in the recipe. Chocolate ice cream is sold", "title": "Chocolate ice cream" }, { "id": "2307721", "text": "yogurt. Ice milk Ice milk, or iced milk, is a frozen dessert with less than 10 percent milk fat and the same sweetener content as ice cream. Ice milk is sometimes priced lower than ice cream. A 1994 change in United States Food and Drug Administration rules allowed ice milk to be labeled as low-fat ice cream in the United States. Products containing less milk fat but higher sweetener content are sold as sherbet, and products with no milk fat or dairy analogues are sold as sorbet. Products which use nonfat or lowfat yogurt or dairy analogues are sold as", "title": "Ice milk" }, { "id": "585619", "text": "milk will cause freezing point depression. Thus, on freezing some water will be unfrozen and will not give hard texture. Before the development of modern refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury reserved for special occasions. Making it was quite laborious; ice was cut from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored in holes in the ground, or in wood-frame or brick ice houses, insulated by straw. Many farmers and plantation owners, including U.S. Presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, cut and stored ice in the winter for use in the summer. Frederic Tudor of Boston turned ice harvesting and", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "738199", "text": "Caramel sauce is used in a variety of desserts, though most notably as a topping for ice cream. When it is used for crème caramel or flan, it is known as clear caramel and only contains caramelized sugar and water. Butterscotch sauce is made with dark brown sugar, butter, and often a splash of whiskey. Traditionally, butterscotch is a hard candy more in line with a toffee, with the suffix \"scotch\" meaning \"to score\". Toffee, sometimes called \"caramel candy\", is a soft, dense, chewy candy made by boiling a mixture of milk or cream, sugar(s), glucose, butter, and vanilla (or", "title": "Caramel" }, { "id": "76001", "text": "milk, or from cows fed indoors on grain or grain-based pellets, is white. Cream is used as an ingredient in many foods, including ice cream, many sauces, soups, stews, puddings, and some custard bases, and is also used for cakes. Whipped cream is served as a topping on ice cream sundaes, milkshakes, lassi, eggnog, sweet pies, strawberries, blueberries or peaches. Irish cream is an alcoholic liqueur which blends cream with whiskey, and often honey, wine, or coffee. Cream is also used in Indian curries such as masala dishes. Cream (usually light/single cream or half and half) is often added to", "title": "Cream" }, { "id": "14060505", "text": "labelled as an \"artificially flavored vanilla ice-cream\". The United States Food and Drug Administration characterizes vanilla ice cream into three categories. Category I ice cream only contains vanilla extract. Category II ice cream contains of synthetic vanilla per gallon (3.8 l) of 1-fold vanilla extract. Category III only contains synthetic ingredients. Vanilla ice cream Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe. Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt. The type of", "title": "Vanilla ice cream" }, { "id": "6252991", "text": "Mellorine Mellorine is a lower-cost imitation of ice cream, using fats other than butterfat. It can be made from both animal fat and vegetable fat. Mellorine is produced by freezing, while stirring, a pasteurized mix of milk-derived nonfat solids and animal or vegetable fat (or both). Afterward, it is battered by a carbohydrate sweetener and the addition of flavouring ingredients. Mellorine was a product of necessity after World War II. In the United States, manufactured wartime goods made of cotton, cotton meal, and cottonseed oil were suddenly no longer being used in quantity by the military. Cottonseed oil found peacetime", "title": "Mellorine" }, { "id": "19035398", "text": "The liquid mixture churned and frozen in order to produce ice cream is also referred to as batter, although it does not contain any dry flours or grains. The viscosity of batter may range from very \"heavy\" (adhering to an upturned spoon) to \"thin\" (similar to single cream, enough to pour or drop from a spoon and sometimes called \"drop batter\"). Heat is applied to the batter, usually by frying, baking or steaming, in order to cook the ingredients and to \"set\" the batter into a solid form. Batters may be sweet or savoury, often with either sugar or salt", "title": "Batter (cooking)" }, { "id": "14060496", "text": "Vanilla ice cream Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe. Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt. The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream varies by location. In North America and Europe consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in Ireland they want a more anise-like flavor. To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture has to be stirred occasionally and then returned to", "title": "Vanilla ice cream" }, { "id": "6252992", "text": "use in salad dressings, mayonnaise, and in the ice-cream substitute mellorine. Mellorine Mellorine is a lower-cost imitation of ice cream, using fats other than butterfat. It can be made from both animal fat and vegetable fat. Mellorine is produced by freezing, while stirring, a pasteurized mix of milk-derived nonfat solids and animal or vegetable fat (or both). Afterward, it is battered by a carbohydrate sweetener and the addition of flavouring ingredients. Mellorine was a product of necessity after World War II. In the United States, manufactured wartime goods made of cotton, cotton meal, and cottonseed oil were suddenly no longer", "title": "Mellorine" }, { "id": "12185922", "text": "Rainbow sherbet Rainbow sherbet is a frozen dessert made with the foundations in ice cream, milk and sugar; however, sherbet also contains a frozen mixture of sweetened fruit juice, water, which may contain milk, egg whites and/or gelatin, orange, raspberry, lime, lemon, or pineapple flavors. Sherbet is traditionally eaten between courses of a meal, as it helps clean the palate. It is said that sherbet, along with ice cream, was made from chilled wines and other juices in the era of Alexander the Great. It was not called ice cream centuries ago, but \"water ices\". Marco Polo brought flavors of", "title": "Rainbow sherbet" }, { "id": "585601", "text": "and even baked items, such as Baked Alaska. In many of those flavours, spicy ice creams are also available in some specific countries. History of ice creams probably begun around 500 BC in the Achaemenid Empire with ice combined with flavors to produce summertime treats. In 400 BC, the Persians invented a special chilled food, made of rose water and vermicelli, which was served to royalty during summers. The ice was mixed with saffron, fruits, and various other flavours. During the 5th century BC, ancient Greeks ate snow mixed with honey and fruit in the markets of Athens. The father", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "8790139", "text": "1800, ice cream was a rare and exotic dessert enjoyed mostly by the elite. Around 1800 insulated houses were invented and manufacturing ice cream soon became an industry in America. Chocolate ice cream is generally made by blending cocoa powder along with the eggs, cream, vanilla and sugar used to make vanilla ice cream. Sometimes chocolate liquor is used in addition to cocoa powder, or it is used exclusively, to create the chocolate flavor. Cocoa powder gives chocolate ice cream its brown color, and it is uncommon to add other colorings. The Codex Alimentarius, which provides an international set of", "title": "Chocolate ice cream" }, { "id": "76013", "text": "some cases foods can be described as cream although they do not contain predominantly milk fats; for example in Britain \"ice cream\" does not have to be a dairy product (although it must be labelled \"contains non-milk fat\"), and salad cream is the customary name for a condiment that has been produced since the 1920s. Cream Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. In un-homogenized milk, the fat, which is less dense, will eventually rise to the top. In the industrial production of cream, this process is accelerated by", "title": "Cream" }, { "id": "11999142", "text": "rather than that made with pure milk. As per Indian regulations, ice cream which is made from milk solids, but contains non-dairy fat is categorized and labelled as frozen dessert in India. Frozen dessert Frozen dessert is the generic name for desserts made by freezing liquids, semi-solids, and sometimes even solids. They may be based on flavored water (shave ice, ice pops, sorbet, snow cones, \"etc.\"), on fruit purées (such as sorbet), on milk and cream (most ice creams), on custard (frozen custard and some ice creams), on mousse (semifreddo), and others. In Canada and elsewhere, the term is often", "title": "Frozen dessert" }, { "id": "18371613", "text": "Indian ice cream (Alaska) Alaskan Indian ice cream is a dessert made of dried fish (esp. pike, sheefish or inconnu, whitefish or cisco, freshwater whitefishes) or dried moose or caribou meat and fat and berries (esp. cowberry, bilberry, cranberry, bearberry, crowberry, [high-bush] salmonberry, low-bush salmonberry, raspberry, prickly rose) or mild sweeteners such as roots of Indian potato or wild carrot mixed and whipped with a whisk or formerly hand made by Alaskan Athabaskans. Most common recipe for Indian ice cream consisted of dried and pulverized tenderloin of moose or caribou that was blended with moose fat in a birch bark", "title": "Indian ice cream (Alaska)" }, { "id": "18380368", "text": "Stir-fried ice cream Stir-fried ice cream, also known as rolled ice cream, is a sweetened frozen dessert. It is made using milk, cream, and sugars as well as other added ingredients to increase the flavour. The liquid mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces on an ice pan and simultaneously cooled to -20 degrees. Once the rolling process is complete, the result is rolls of smooth, semi-solid ice cream or gelato. The rolls are placed in a vertical position in an ice cream cup and topped off with various toppings and decorations. This style of ice cream is consumed by", "title": "Stir-fried ice cream" }, { "id": "585610", "text": "ice cream in the summer of 1790. The same records show president Thomas Jefferson having an 18 step recipe for ice cream. First Lady Dolley Madison, wife of U.S. President James Madison, served ice cream at her husband's Inaugural Ball in 1813. Small-scale hand-cranked ice cream freezers were invented in England by Agnes Marshall and in America by Nancy Johnson in the 1840s. The most popular flavours of ice cream in North America (based on consumer surveys) are vanilla and chocolate. In the Mediterranean, ice cream appears to have been accessible to ordinary people by the mid-eighteenth century. Ice cream", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "14060501", "text": "States during the eighteenth century, cooks and confectioners needed a “larger wooden bucket”, “a metal freezing pot with a cover, called a sorbetiere”, ice, salt, and the cream based mixture that they planned on freezing. The process starts with finding ice of a “manageable” size, then mixing it with salt and adding the mixture to a bucket. Together, the ice and the salt create a refrigerating effect. The cook or confectioner adds their ice cream mixture to a freezing pot and then puts the cover on it. The freezing pot is put into the wooden bucket, where it is stirred", "title": "Vanilla ice cream" }, { "id": "8790142", "text": "and mint chocolate chip ice cream is made with mint ice cream. Chocolate ice cream Chocolate ice cream is ice cream with natural or artificial chocolate flavoring. Chocolate is the second most common flavor of ice cream in the United States, after vanilla. The earliest frozen chocolate recipes were published in Naples, Italy in 1693 in Antonio Latini's \"The Modern Steward\". Chocolate was one of the first ice cream flavors, created before vanilla, as common drinks such as hot chocolate, coffee, and tea were the first food items to be turned into frozen desserts. Hot chocolate had become a popular", "title": "Chocolate ice cream" }, { "id": "585600", "text": "labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead. In other countries, such as Italy and Argentina, one word is used for all variants. Analogues made from dairy alternatives, such as goat's or sheep's milk, or milk substitutes (e.g., soy milk or tofu), are available for those who are lactose intolerant, allergic to dairy protein, or vegan. Ice cream may be served in dishes, for eating with a spoon, or in cones, which are licked. Ice cream may be served with other desserts, such as apple pie. Ice cream is used to prepare other desserts, including ice cream floats, sundaes, milkshakes, ice cream cakes", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "8261277", "text": "Filled milk Filled milk is any milk, cream, or skim milk that has been reconstituted with fats, usually vegetable oils, from sources other than dairy cows. Pure evaporated filled milk is generally considered unsuitable for drinking because of its particular flavor, but is equivalent to unadulterated evaporated milk for baking and cooking purposes. Other filled milk products with substituted fat are used to make ice cream, sour cream, whipping cream, and half-and-half substitutes among other dairy products. Coconut oil filled milk became a popular cost-saving product sold throughout the United States in the early 20th century. Coconut oil could be", "title": "Filled milk" }, { "id": "3949431", "text": "it. The extremely low temperature of the ice cream prevents it from melting while being fried. It may be sprinkled with cinnamon and sugar and a touch of peppermint, though whipped cream or honey may be used as well. The Asian recipe usually uses tempura batter. Mexican versions use corn flakes, nuts, cookie crumbs, or tortillas for coating. Common flavors in Asian restaurants are green tea, vanilla, taro and red bean. The British film \"Comfort and Joy\" portrays the feud between two ice-cream sellers who end up joining forces in a new venture to sell \"frosty hots\" or deep-fried ice", "title": "Fried ice cream" }, { "id": "20258168", "text": "Cherry ice cream Cherry ice cream is a common ice cream flavor, prepared using typical ice cream ingredients and cherries. Various types of cherries and cherry cultivars are used. In the United States, where the flavor is especially popular, it has been mass-produced since at least 1917. Cherry ice cream is a common ice cream flavor in the United States consisting of typical ice cream ingredients and cherries. Whole or sliced or chopped cherries are used, and cherry juice or cherry juice concentrate is sometimes used as an ingredient. Cherry extract and cherry pit oil have also been used as", "title": "Cherry ice cream" }, { "id": "585599", "text": "low temperatures (below ). It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases. The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another. Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\", and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles. In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream. Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "2113374", "text": "half and half drink consisting of half coffee and half hot chocolate, similar to caffè mocha. Half & Half might also refer to a flavor of soda which combines the flavors of grapefruit and lemon. In Canada and the United States, half and half almost always refers to a light cream typically used in coffee. (See below.) The name refers to the liquid's content of half milk and half cream. Its butterfat content is 12.5%. It is widely available in the United States, both in individual-serving containers and in bulk. It is also used to make ice cream. Non-fat versions", "title": "Half and half" }, { "id": "14060504", "text": "by artificial or natural vanilla flavoring. Artificial flavorings contain 100% vanillin, the main ingredient that contributes to natural vanilla extract's flavor. Natural vanilla extract also contains nearly 200 more compounds in addition to vanillin. The different chemical properties of these compounds may cause compatibility issues with different ice cream preparations. Vanilla ice cream may be classified by the type of flavoring used. If natural vanilla extract is used, then the product is called \"vanilla ice-cream\". If vanillin from natural vanilla is used, then the product is called \"vanilla flavored ice cream\". If artificial vanillin is used, then the product is", "title": "Vanilla ice cream" }, { "id": "447652", "text": "originates from the French style of making vanilla ice cream with a custard base, using vanilla pods, cream, and egg yolks. Inclusion of vanilla varietals from any of the former French dependencies or overseas France may be a part of the flavoring. Alternatively, French vanilla is taken to refer to a vanilla-custard flavor. Vanilla essence occurs in two forms. Real seedpod extract is a complex mixture of several hundred different compounds, including vanillin, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, furfural, hexanoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, eugenol, methyl cinnamate, and isobutyric acid. Synthetic essence consists of a solution of synthetic vanillin in ethanol. The chemical compound", "title": "Vanilla" }, { "id": "585636", "text": "sold, cafes may also sell unique flavours like nata, crema catalana, or tiramisu. \"Dondurma\" is the name given to ice cream in Turkey. Dondurma typically includes milk, sugar, salep, and mastic. In the United Kingdom, 14 million adults buy ice cream as a treat, in a market worth £1.3 billion (according to a report produced in September 2009). In the United States, ice cream made with just cream, sugar, and a flavouring (usually fruit) is sometimes referred to as \"Philadelphia style\" ice cream. Ice cream that uses eggs to make a custard is sometimes called \"French ice cream\". American federal", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "585607", "text": "the Pail with Straw, set it in a Cellar where no Sun or Light comes, it will be froze in four Hours, but it may stand longer; then take it out just as you use it; hold it in your Hand and it will slip out. When you wou’d freeze any Sort of Fruit, either Cherries, Raspberries, Currants, or Strawberries, fill your Tin-Pots with the Fruit, but as hollow as you can; put to them Lemmonade, made with Spring-Water and Lemmon-Juice sweeten’d; put enough in the Pots to make the Fruit hang together, and put them in Ice as you", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "20258169", "text": "ingredients. Various cherry cultivars are used, such as black cherries, bing cherries and sour cherry cultivars. Maraschino cherries are also used. Cherry gelato has also been produced, and the dish can be prepared as a soft serve ice cream. Chocolate is sometimes used as an ingredient in cherry ice cream. André Viard in \"Le Cuisinier Impérial\", first published in 1806, gives a recipe for \"glace de cerises\". Cherry ice cream has been produced in the United States since at least 1892. A version of the dish created in 1932 included bitter almond extract, which is used as an additive on", "title": "Cherry ice cream" }, { "id": "6138696", "text": "Ice cream cake An ice cream cake is ice cream in the shape of a cake with layers of sponge cake or cookie crumble in between. A popular form is a three-layer cake, with a layer of ice cream between two layers of cake. In a typical assembly, the cake component is baked in the normal way, cut to shape if necessary, and then frozen. Ice cream is shaped in a mold as appropriate, and these components are then assembled while frozen. Whipped cream is often used for frosting, as a compliment to the two other textures, and because many", "title": "Ice cream cake" }, { "id": "19796526", "text": "and it can be made at home with various novelty flavorings. Traditionally, the available flavorings were cocoa ('), vanilla ('), lemon (') and coconut ('). The mass-produced variants don't require refrigeration while still having a relatively long shelf life (around 2–4 months). Originally weighting around 40 g or more, modern mass-produced winter ice creams are around 20–30 g. Winter ice cream Winter ice cream ( or ' ) is a Hungarian confectionary similar in appearance to ice cream in a cone, but traditionally having ganache or a similar kind of sweet cream filling with usually a chocolate-cocoa flavoring. It gained", "title": "Winter ice cream" }, { "id": "738197", "text": "Caramel Caramel (, or ) is a medium to dark-orange confectionery product made by heating a variety of sugars. It can be used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons, or as a topping for ice cream and custard. The process of caramelization consists of heating sugar slowly to around . As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and re-form into compounds with a characteristic color and flavor. A variety of candies, desserts, and confections are made with caramel: brittles, nougats, pralines, flan, crème brûlée, crème caramel, and caramel apples. Ice creams sometimes are", "title": "Caramel" }, { "id": "2358439", "text": "amount of dairy-based liquid and a flavouring agent (similar to ice cream ingredients) into clean snow, the snow melts and congeals into a simple ice cream substitute. Apple snow, with puréed apple added to the basic recipe, was popular served hot in the 17th century while a more modern version is eaten cold. Fruit juice contents were also used in lemon and orange snow. There is a Russian version that is called air pie, which is egg white, sugar, and fruit pureé, whipped and served hot. Summer snow is known as a version with fruit content, egg whites and alcohol.", "title": "Snow cream" }, { "id": "585637", "text": "labeling standards require ice cream to contain a minimum of 10% milk fat. Americans consume about 23 liters of ice cream per person per year — the most in the world. \"Mrs Marshall's Cookery Book,\" published in 1888, endorsed serving ice cream in cones, but the idea definitely predated that. Agnes Marshall was a celebrated cookery writer of her day and helped to popularise ice cream. She patented and manufactured an ice cream maker and was the first person to suggest using liquefied gases to freeze ice cream after seeing a demonstration at the Royal Institution. Reliable evidence proves that", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "19036126", "text": "any of the following additives and preservatives: grade A whey, modified food starch, sodium phosphate, sodium citrate, guar gum, carrageenan, calcium sulfate, potassium sorbate, and locust bean gum. Milk is made up of approximately 3.0-3.5% protein, the main proteins in cream are caseins and whey proteins, caseins are globular proteins with phosphoserine residue. Of the total fraction of milk proteins, caseins make up 80% while the whey proteins make up 20%. There are four main classes of caseins; β-caseins, α(s1)-caseins, α(s2)-casein and κ-caseins. These casein proteins form a multi molecular colloidal particle known as a casein micelle. The proteins mentioned", "title": "Sour cream" }, { "id": "585639", "text": "a partial list of ice cream-like frozen desserts and snacks: In 2006, some commercial ice cream makers began to use liquid nitrogen in the primary freezing of ice cream, thus eliminating the need for a conventional ice cream freezer. Brands are Dippin' Dots. The preparation results in a column of white condensed water vapour cloud. The ice cream, dangerous to eat while still \"steaming\" with liquid nitrogen, is allowed to rest until the liquid nitrogen is completely vapourised. Sometimes ice cream is frozen to the sides of the container, and must be allowed to thaw. Good results can also be", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "7791298", "text": "rather than ice cream or ice milk which are made from a milk product. A typical Canadian Sherbet possibly contains water, a sweetening agent, fruit or fruit juice, citric or tartaric acid, flavouring preparation, food colour, sequestering agent, lactose. More limitations include the requirement of not containing more than 5% milk solids, such as milk fat, and no less than 0.35% acid. The acid levels is determined by titration, the chemical process of measuring presence of certain components. Sherbet's acidity is usually expressed as lactic acid. All of the above criteria are needed for the product to be considered as", "title": "Sorbet" }, { "id": "585605", "text": "Recipes for flavoured ices begin to appear in François Massialot's \"Nouvelle Instruction pour les Confitures, les Liqueurs, et les Fruits\", starting with the 1692 edition. Massialot's recipes result in a coarse, pebbly texture. Latini claims that the results of his recipes should have the fine consistency of sugar and snow. Ice cream recipes first appeared in England in the 18th century. The recipe for ice cream was published in \"Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts\" in London in 1718. To ice cream. Take Tin Ice-Pots, fill them with any Sort of Cream you like, either plain or sweeten’d, or Fruit in it;", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "672574", "text": "juices, smoothies, ice cream, fruit bars, \"raspados\", \"aguas frescas\", pies, and sweet chili sauce, or mixed with \"chamoy\", a sweet and spicy chili paste. It is popular on a stick dipped in hot chili powder and salt or as a main ingredient in fresh fruit combinations. In Central America, mango is either eaten green mixed with salt, vinegar, black pepper, and hot sauce, or ripe in various forms. Pieces of mango can be mashed and used as a topping on ice cream or blended with milk and ice as milkshakes. Sweet glutinous rice is flavored with coconut, then served with", "title": "Mango" }, { "id": "1780718", "text": "known throughout the American South as the praline. Pralines have a creamy consistency, similar to fudge. They are usually made by combining sugar (often brown), butter, cream or buttermilk, and pecans in a pot over medium-high heat, and stirring constantly until most of the water has evaporated and it has reached a thick texture with a brown color. This is then usually dropped by spoonfuls onto wax paper or a sheet of aluminum foil greased with butter, and left to cool. 'Pralines and Cream' is a common ice cream flavor in the United States and Canada. In New Orleans and", "title": "Praline" }, { "id": "4154688", "text": "Ice cream maker A domestic ice cream maker is a machine used to make small quantities of ice cream for personal consumption. Ice cream makers may prepare the mixture by employing the hand-cranking method or by employing an electric motor. The resulting preparation is often chilled through either pre-cooling the machine or by employing a machine that freezes the mixture. An ice cream maker has to simultaneously freeze the mixture while churning it so as to aerate the mixture and keep the ice crystals small (less than 50 μm). As a result, most ice creams are ready to consume immediately.", "title": "Ice cream maker" }, { "id": "447681", "text": "low-quality vanilla or artificial vanilla-like flavorings are far more common, since true vanilla is much more expensive. Regarded as the world's most popular aroma and flavor, vanilla is a widely used aroma and flavor compound for foods, beverages and cosmetics, as indicated by its popularity as an ice cream flavor. Although vanilla is a prized flavoring agent on its own, it is also used to enhance the flavor of other substances, to which its own flavor is often complementary, such as chocolate, custard, caramel, coffee, and others. Vanilla is a common ingredient in Western sweet baked goods, such as cookies", "title": "Vanilla" }, { "id": "585602", "text": "of modern medicine, Hippocrates, encouraged his Ancient Greek patients to eat ice \"\"as it livens the life-juices and increases the well-being.\"\" A frozen mixture of milk and rice was used in China around 200 BC. \"They poured a mixture of snow and saltpetre over the exteriors of containers filled with syrup, for, in the same way as salt raises the boiling point of water, it lowers the freezing point to below zero.\" The Roman Emperor Nero (37–68 AD) had ice brought from the mountains and combined it with fruit toppings to create chilled delicacies. In the sixteenth century, the Mughal", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "2684301", "text": "Gelato Gelato () is ice cream made in the Italian style. \"Gelato\" is simply the Italian word for ice cream, but in English, it has come to mean specifically Italian or Italian-style ice cream. Gelato is made with a base of milk and sugar. It is generally lower in fat than other styles of ice cream. Gelato typically contains less air and more flavoring than other kinds of frozen desserts, giving it a density and richness that distinguishes it from other ice creams. The Italian law requires gelato to have a minimum of 3.5% butterfat. Gelato can be served in", "title": "Gelato" }, { "id": "585620", "text": "shipping into a big business, cutting ice in New England and shipping it around the world. Ice cream was made by hand in a large bowl placed inside a tub filled with ice and salt. This was called the pot-freezer method. French confectioners refined the pot-freezer method, making ice cream in a sorbetière (a covered pail with a handle attached to the lid). In the pot-freezer method, the temperature of the ingredients is reduced by the mixture of crushed ice and salt. The salt water is cooled by the ice, and the action of the salt on the ice causes", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "585634", "text": "In Indonesia, a type of traditional ice cream called \"es puter\" or \"stirred ice cream\" is made from coconut milk, pandanus leaves, sugar—and flavors that include avocado, jackfruit, durian, palm sugar, chocolate, red bean, and mung bean. In Iran, \"fālūde\" (Persian: فالوده) or \"pālūde\" (Persian: پالوده) is a Persian sorbet made of thin vermicelli noodles, frozen with sugar syrup and rose water. The dessert is often served with lime juice and sometimes ground pistachios. Italian ice cream, or \"gelato\" as it is known, is a traditional and a popular dessert in Italy. Much of the production is still hand-made and", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "8704070", "text": "Ice pop An ice pop is a water or milk-based quiescently frozen snack on a stick. Unlike ice cream or sorbet, which is whipped while freezing to prevent ice crystal formation, an ice pop is frozen while at rest and becomes a solid block of ice. The stick is used as a handle to hold it. Without a stick, the frozen product is known as something else (e.g. freezie). Ice pops can also be referred to as a popsicle (Canada, U.S., New Zealand), freezer pop (U.S.), ice lolly, ice pop (United Kingdom, India, Ireland, South Africa), ice block (New Zealand,", "title": "Ice pop" }, { "id": "6736847", "text": "Indian ice cream (Canada) Indian ice cream, also known as \"Sxusem\" (pronounced \"s-khushem\"), is a Canadian whipped confection made from soapberries (\"Shepherdia canadensis\") and other various fruits, these have been eaten as a traditional dessert by many First Nations peoples. It has been suggested that it was first produced in the Interior Salish territory of British Columbia which was located in the upper basins of the Columbia and Fraser rivers, and included tribes such as the Columbia, Lillooet, Shuswap among others. The typical ingredient list for Indian ice cream includes: Sugar is added as needed; the bitterness or sweetness of", "title": "Indian ice cream (Canada)" }, { "id": "4154691", "text": "firm consistency. Some machines—such as certain lower-priced countertop models—require the resulting mixture to be frozen for additional time after churning is complete. Nancy Johnson patented the first hand-cranked model in 1843. She then sold the patent to William Young, who marketed the machine as the \"Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer\". Hand-cranked machines' ice and salt mixture must be replenished to make a new batch of ice cream. Usually, rock salt is used. The salt causes the ice to melt and lowers the temperature in the process, below fresh water freezing, but the water does not freeze due to the salt content.", "title": "Ice cream maker" }, { "id": "11999141", "text": "Frozen dessert Frozen dessert is the generic name for desserts made by freezing liquids, semi-solids, and sometimes even solids. They may be based on flavored water (shave ice, ice pops, sorbet, snow cones, \"etc.\"), on fruit purées (such as sorbet), on milk and cream (most ice creams), on custard (frozen custard and some ice creams), on mousse (semifreddo), and others. In Canada and elsewhere, the term is often used on imitations of ice cream which do not satisfy its legal definition (\"e.g.\", mellorine). In India some company brands like Hindustan Unilever were found selling frozen dessert made from vegetable oils", "title": "Frozen dessert" }, { "id": "20895117", "text": "of ice cream can be by single/double scoop or there is a sampler flight of four ifferent flavors of choice. For adults, there is an option to have your ice cream spiked with various alcoholic beverages. Their signature flavors are marked as Bourbon & Honey, Kentucky Blackberry & Buttermilk, Dark Chocolate Truffle, Coffee Stout, Vanilla Bean, Blueberry Lime Cheesecake, Superfudge, Fresh Strawberry, banana and chocolate, coconut, chocolate fudge brownie, cookies and cream, and Salted Caramel. Crank and Boom also provides fruit sorbets such as Raspberry, Mango, and a Strawberry Balsamic. During the holidays, Crank and Boom adds seasonal flavors such", "title": "Crank and Boom Ice Cream" }, { "id": "4154690", "text": "could freeze a pint of ice cream in five minutes. Ice cream makers may prepare the mixture by employing the hand-cranking method or by employing an electric motor. The resulting preparation is often chilled through either pre-cooling the machine or by employing a machine that freezes the mixture. An ice cream maker has to simultaneously freeze the mixture while churning it so as to aerate the mixture and keep the ice crystals small (less than 50 μm). As a result, most ice creams are ready to consume immediately. However, those containing alcohol must often be chilled further to attain a", "title": "Ice cream maker" }, { "id": "19796525", "text": "foreign candy manufacturers and their products appeared on the Hungarian market. However, along with some other snack foods and soft drinks of communist-era Hungary, winter ice cream garnered renewed interest in the late 2000s and 2010s. Winter ice cream usually consists of a wafer cone with ganache filling in it, with dark chocolate coating being on the flat top of the filling. Cheaper formulations may use cocoa-flavored buttercream instead of ganache for filling and compound chocolate instead of dark chocolate for coating. The confectionary was originally mass-produced to be sold in shops, but it is now also available in pâtisseries,", "title": "Winter ice cream" }, { "id": "3969348", "text": "Kraft Singles Kraft Singles is a processed cheese (American cheese) product manufactured and sold by Kraft Foods, introduced in 1949. Kraft individually wrapped \"slices\" are not really slices off a block, but formed separately in manufacturing. Kraft singles do however contain ingredients in common with cheddar cheese (pasteurized milk, cheese culture, salt, enzyme(s), annatto vegetable color) as evidenced in the below ingredients list from the Kraft website. Those ingredients are: milk, whey, milk protein concentrate, milkfat, sodium citrate, contains less than 2% of calcium phosphate, whey protein concentrate, salt, lactic acid, sorbic acid as a preservative, cheese culture, annatto and", "title": "Kraft Singles" }, { "id": "16539810", "text": "regarded ice as unclean for religious reasons, and as such an inappropriate food. The large scale production of ice cream also resulted from the ice trade. Ice cream had been produced in small quantities since at least the 17th century, but this depended both on having large quantities of ice available, and substantial amounts of labour to manufacture it. This was because using ice to freeze ice cream relies both on the application of salt to an ice mixture to produce a cooling effect, and also on constantly agitating the mixture to produce the light texture associated with ice cream.", "title": "Ice trade" }, { "id": "6094997", "text": "dairy ice cream is made with a combination of milk products that contain lactose, but non-dairy ice cream may be synthesized using hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (coconut oil, palm kernel oil and soybean oil) along with emulsifier, protein, sweetener and water. Some not yet widely prevalent synthetic ice cream products are claimed to have a similar flavour and texture to traditional dairy ice cream. However many smaller scale, organic, gourmet or slow food focused non-dairy ice cream manufacturers create all their products using traditional, natural and only slightly altered methods. The preferred base for non dairy ice creams", "title": "Milk substitute" }, { "id": "14710642", "text": "to open in 2011. Depending on the color, IceStone is 68%-75% recycled glass, 15-20% white Portland cement, and small percentages of pigments and proprietary ingredients. The glass used is 100% recycled. The surface contains no petrochemicals, resins, or VOCs; IceStone's marketing material distinguishes its product from engineered stone countertops like quartz surfaces, which are typically made with synthetic resins. According to the Care & Maintenance guidelines on IceStone's website, the surface is semi-porous due to its cement content and requires regular application of a penetrating sealer. IceStone operates out of a day-lit facility in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The company", "title": "IceStone" }, { "id": "7585164", "text": "for various reasons: Whipped topping normally contains some mixture of partially hydrogenated oil, sweeteners, water, and stabilizers and emulsifiers added to prevent syneresis, similar to margarine instead of the butter fat in the cream used in whipped cream. Whipped cream or \"crème Chantilly\" is a popular topping for fruit and desserts such as pie, ice cream (especially sundaes), cupcakes, cakes, milkshakes, waffles, hot chocolate, cheesecakes, Jello and puddings. It is also served on coffee, especially in the Viennese coffee house tradition, where coffee with whipped cream is known as \"Melange mit Schlagobers\". Whipped cream is used as an ingredient in", "title": "Whipped cream" }, { "id": "4766160", "text": "fat and high-quality ingredients, the ice cream falls in the \"superpremium\" segment of the ice cream market. Graeter's ice cream is made using the French pot method. All their ice creams are created from an egg custard base. After pasteurization, the flavorings are added. The custard and flavoring mixture is placed into two-gallon French pots. The pots are then spun in saltwater, while a blade scrapes the cream that freezes against the sides of the pot. After 15–20 minutes of immersion in the saltwater, any larger additives are mixed in, such as cookie dough or chocolate chips. Ice cream is", "title": "Graeter's" }, { "id": "652222", "text": "100 g. The buffering properties of citrates are used to control pH in household cleaners and pharmaceuticals. In the United States the purity requirements for citric acid as a food additive are defined by the Food Chemicals Codex, which is published by the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Citric acid can be added to ice cream as an emulsifying agent to keep fats from separating, to caramel to prevent sucrose crystallization, or in recipes in place of fresh lemon juice. Citric acid is used with sodium bicarbonate in a wide range of effervescent formulae, both for ingestion (e.g., powders and tablets)", "title": "Citric acid" }, { "id": "76004", "text": "6% butterfat. Specific product characteristics are generally uniform throughout Canada, but names vary by both geographic and linguistic area and by manufacturer: \"coffee cream\" may be 10% or 18% and \"half-and-half\" (\"crème légère\") may be 3%, 5%, 6% or 10%, all depending on location and brand. Cream in Canada is defined to be the liquid obtained from milk after separating the various components to increase the milk fat content. Canadian Food and Drug Regulations allow stabilizers and acidity regulators. For heat-treated whipping cream, regulations disallow more than 0.25% skim milk powder, 0.1% glucose solids, 0.005% calcium sulphate, 0.2% microcrystalline cellulose,", "title": "Cream" }, { "id": "18595464", "text": "was available in 100 stores across Ireland, which led to take up by the major national retailer SuperValu and other stores. The ice cream is also sold in the United Arab Emirates. The main ingredients used in Nobó ice cream include avocado, coconut milk and honey as a natural sweetener. Nobó offers Chocolate and Toasted Almond, Vanilla and Coconut, Fresh Lemon, Passion Fruit, Mango and Irish Salted Caramel, available in 500ml and 100ml tubs. Nobó ice creams are also free from lactose, soya, gluten, cholesterol and eggs, as the founders cannot eat these ingredients found in conventional ice cream. The", "title": "Nobó" }, { "id": "18807225", "text": "Boba ice cream bars consist of ice cream and boba. A mixture of whole milk, heavy whipping cream, sugar, vanilla, and any additional flavors are mixed in a bowl until the mixture is homogeneous. Once homogeneous, the mixture is poured into an ice cream maker. Our boba consists of tapioca starch, sweet rice flour (mochiko), brown sugar, and water. The dough is rolled into tiny spheres. The spheres are cooked in boiling water. When done, it is cooled in an ice bath so that they don't stick together. The boba is then mixed in with the ice cream. The boba", "title": "Boba ice cream bar" }, { "id": "4953964", "text": "Mystery Blast bars were distributed to all travelers on JetBlue Airways on October 31, 2007, in honor of Halloween. Perfetti Van Melle partnered with Koldwave Foods LLC to create AirHeads ice cream in August 2015. It comes in 8 different flavors: blue raspberry, cherry, watermelon, orange, green apple, pink lemonade, grape, and strawberry. Other frozen treats like ice cream sandwiches and sundae cups are included as well. A normal 3.3 oz (94 g) pack of AirHeads is 360 calories, 51 grams of sugar, and 3 grams of saturated fat. AirHeads Xtremes Sweetly Sour Belts (3 oz, 85 g) is 300", "title": "AirHeads" }, { "id": "5760715", "text": "Ice pack An ice pack or gel pack is a portable plastic bag filled with water, refrigerant gel, or liquid. For use the contents are frozen in a freezer. Both ice and other non-toxic refrigerants (mostly water) can absorb a considerable amount of heat before they warm above 0 °C, due to the high latent heat of fusion of water. These packs are commonly used to keep food cool in portable coolers, or as a cold compress to alleviate the pain of minor injuries, or in insulated shipping containers to keep products cool during transport. Ice packs are used in", "title": "Ice pack" }, { "id": "2358437", "text": "Snow cream Snow cream can be one of two distinct desserts. Whipped cream, with or without flavorings, was known as \"snow cream\" or \"milk snow\" (\"neve di latte, neige de lait\") until the 17th century. There are English and continental European recipes dating to the late 15th or early 16th century, where it can be found in a Dutch recipe collection. It has been suggested that \"snow\" may be even older than that. The common ingredients for early recipes are cream, rosewater and sugar, whipped until stiff. Other flavouring agents, e.g., cloves or ginger, are also known from various recipes.", "title": "Snow cream" }, { "id": "5620248", "text": "the United States. In 2014, Travel + Leisure, National Geographic, Business Insider, Food & Wine, and TripAdvisor published their top ranked ice cream parlors. Ice cream parlor Ice cream parlors (or parlours) are restaurants that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and frozen yogurt to consumers. Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato, and soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and \"twist\", a mix of the two). It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer a number of flavors and", "title": "Ice cream parlor" }, { "id": "13429702", "text": "Superman ice cream Superman ice cream is an ice cream that comes as a swirl of three colors: blue, red, and yellow, the three colors of Superman's costume. The name of the ice cream comes from the colors of the comic book superhero Superman, though it is not licensed through DC Comics. Superman ice cream is believed to have originated in the Michigan-based ice cream shop Stroh's, though the exact origin remains elusive. Another Michigan dairy House of Flavors in Ludington makes their Superman ice cream with their signature Blue Moon, cherry, and lemon ice creams. The flavor has been", "title": "Superman ice cream" }, { "id": "11399703", "text": "improper behaviour, although usually granted. Alternatively, in the same manner, the guests may be offered honey (or asked to choose). Slatko is used as a topping for ice cream and waffle shortcakes, and as a filling in pancakes. The most usual types of slatko are those made of whole strawberries, slightly unripe skinned plums or sour cherries. Other fresh fruits like raspberries, sweet cherries, watermelon cubes, rose petals, quinces, grapes, figs, skinned apricot halves or quarters, peaches, blueberries, blackberries or redcurrants can also be used. If a plum slatko is prepared, walnut halves or almonds may be added to the", "title": "Slatko" }, { "id": "15225376", "text": "bacon in a sugar syrup. This has the benefit of sweetening the bacon, in a similar manner to pancakes in some parts of the United States. Blumenthal's recipe uses ice cream without flavouring, but which tastes of egg. In the recipe featured in \"The Big Fat Duck Cookbook\", the bacon is lightly roasted with the fat on, then infused in milk for 10 hours. The infused mix is precisely heated with egg and sugar to overcook the eggs, increasing the \"eggy\" flavour, then sieved, put through a food processor, churned and frozen. The ice cream is served with caramelised French", "title": "Bacon ice cream" }, { "id": "14060497", "text": "the container of ice and salt to continue the solidification process. According to \"Iced: 180 Very Cool Concoctions\", many people often consider vanilla to be the \"default\" or \"plain\" flavor of ice cream (see \"Plain vanilla\"). Vanilla was first used among the Mexica people. By the 1500s, Spanish conquistadors, exploring present-day Mexico, had come across Mesoamerican people who consumed vanilla in their drinks and foods. The vanilla bean was brought back to Spain with the conquistadors. In Spain, \"vanilla was used to flavor a chocolate drink that combined cacao beans, vanilla, corn, water, and honey\". The drink eventually spread to", "title": "Vanilla ice cream" }, { "id": "8460077", "text": "Mochi ice cream Mochi ice cream is a confection made from Japanese mochi (pounded sticky rice) with an ice cream filling. It was invented by Japanese-American businesswoman and activist Frances Hashimoto. Mochi ice cream is a small, round confection consisting of a soft, pounded sticky rice dumpling (mochi) formed around an ice cream filling. The ice cream flavors the confection while the mochi adds sweetness and texture. The traditional Ice cream flavors used are vanilla, chocolate and strawberry. Other flavors, such as Kona coffee, plum wine, green tea, and red bean, are also widely used. Mochi can also be flavored", "title": "Mochi ice cream" }, { "id": "5760716", "text": "coolers to keep perishable foods (especially meats, dairy products, eggs, etc.) below the danger zone when outside a refrigerator or freezer, and to keep drinks pleasantly cool. The amount of ice needed varies with the amount of food, its initial temperature, the thermal insulation of the cooler, and the ambient temperature and exposure to direct sunlight. Ice initially well below freezing temperature will last a little longer. Water has a much higher latent heat of fusion than most substances, and a melting temperature which is convenient and easily attained with, for example, a household freezer. Additives to improve the properties", "title": "Ice pack" }, { "id": "289873", "text": "cut so that each person gets some of each kind. They are generally laid on a lace paper on an ice plate. Four or five kinds are usually put in the mold, though three sorts will do. The following will serve as a guide in arranging: First, vanilla cream, then raspberry or cherry or currant water; coffee or chocolate in the middle; the strawberry cream, with lemon or orange or pineapple water to finish. A cream ice flavored with any liqueur, a brown bread cream flavored with brandy, with a couple of bright-colored water ices, form another agreeable mixture. Tea", "title": "Neapolitan ice cream" }, { "id": "585616", "text": "development in the 20th century was the introduction of soft ice cream, which has more air mixed in thereby reducing costs. It made possible the soft ice cream machine in which a cone is filled beneath a spigot on order. In the United States, Dairy Queen, Carvel, and Tastee-Freez pioneered in establishing chains of soft-serve ice cream outlets while Baskin-Robbins became worldwide chain later. Technological innovations such as these have introduced various food additives into ice cream, the notable one being the stabilizing agent gluten, to which some people have an intolerance. Recent awareness of this issue has prompted a", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "585621", "text": "it to (partially) melt, absorbing latent heat and bringing the mixture below the freezing point of pure water. The immersed container can also make better thermal contact with the salty water and ice mixture than it could with ice alone. The hand-cranked churn, which also uses ice and salt for cooling, replaced the pot-freezer method. The exact origin of the hand-cranked freezer is unknown, but the first U.S. patent for one was #3254 issued to Nancy Johnson on 9 September 1843. The hand-cranked churn produced smoother ice cream than the pot freezer and did it quicker. Many inventors patented improvements", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "5620241", "text": "Ice cream parlor Ice cream parlors (or parlours) are restaurants that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and frozen yogurt to consumers. Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato, and soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and \"twist\", a mix of the two). It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer a number of flavors and items. Parlors often serve ice cream and other frozen desserts in cones or in dishes, to be eaten with a spoon. Some ice cream", "title": "Ice cream parlor" }, { "id": "585622", "text": "on Johnson's design. In Europe and early America, ice cream was made and sold by small businesses, mostly confectioners and caterers. Jacob Fussell of Baltimore, Maryland was the first to manufacture ice cream on a large scale. Fussell bought fresh dairy products from farmers in York County, Pennsylvania, and sold them in Baltimore. An unstable demand for his dairy products often left him with a surplus of cream, which he made into ice cream. He built his first ice cream factory in Seven Valleys, Pennsylvania, in 1851. Two years later, he moved his factory to Baltimore. Later, he opened factories", "title": "Ice cream" }, { "id": "1766416", "text": "Artificial cream Artificial cream (or \"dessert topping\") is an imitation of whipped cream containing some non-dairy fats. Examples are Cool Whip and Elmlea. Artificial cream is usually made from vegetable oil, not butterfat, and contains no butyric acid. However, most leading brands do contain dairy products and therefore are not suitable for vegans or people who avoid dairy because of dietary or religious reasons. Artificial cream often contains sugar or other sweeteners. Artificial cream is sold as whipped, ready-to-serve topping in plastic tubs and aerosol containers and in the form of powders which must be whipped with a liquid before", "title": "Artificial cream" }, { "id": "20259633", "text": "the use of stout beer can impart a malty and caramel-like flavor, and the use of pilsner, India pale ale and pale ale can impart flavors of bitterness. India pale ale can also imbue malty flavors. Wheat beer and lagers can also be used as an ingredient in the dish. Lighter beers such as lagers do not impart as much flavor compared to darker beers and beers with a higher amount of malt and hops, which provide a more distinct flavor. Various additional ingredients can be used, as occurs in other types of ice creams, such as chocolate, cherries, caramel,", "title": "Beer ice cream" }, { "id": "4009149", "text": "Spumoni Spumone (from \"spuma\" or \"foam\"), plural spumoni, is a molded gelato (a lower-fat Italian form of ice cream) made with layers of different colors and flavors, usually containing candied fruits and nuts. Typically, it is of three flavors, with a fruit/nut layer between them. The ice cream layers are often mixed with whipped cream. Cherry, Pistachio, and either chocolate or vanilla are the typical flavors of the ice cream layers, and the fruit/nut layer often contains cherry bits—causing the traditional red/pink, green, and brown color combination. Spumoni is popular in places with large Italian immigrant populations such as the", "title": "Spumoni" }, { "id": "5760717", "text": "of water are often used. For example, substances can be added to prevent bacterial growth in the pack, or to prevent the water from solidifying so it remains a thick gel throughout use. Gel packs are often made of non-toxic materials that will remain a slow-flowing gel, and therefore will not spill easily or cause contamination if the container breaks. Gel packs may be made by adding hydroxyethyl cellulose (Cellusize), sodium polyacrylate, or vinyl-coated silica gel. An instant cold pack is a device that consists of two bags; one containing water, inside a bag containing ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate", "title": "Ice pack" }, { "id": "4154693", "text": "major difference between the four is how the cooling is performed. Counter-top machines use a double-walled bowl with a solution between the walls (typically distilled water and urea) that freezes below . In a domestic freezer, this requires up to 24 hours before the machine is ready. Once frozen, the bowl is put into the machine, the mixture is added to the bowl, and the machine started. The paddles rotate, stirring the mixture as it gradually freezes through contact with the frozen bowl. After twenty to thirty minutes, the solution between the double walls thaws, and the ice cream freezes.", "title": "Ice cream maker" }, { "id": "17952327", "text": "Bastani Sonnati Bastani Sonnati (meaning \"traditional ice cream\") (), or simply Bastani, is an Iranian ice cream made from milk, eggs, sugar, rose water, saffron, vanilla, and pistachios. It is widely known as Persian Ice Cream. Salep is also sometimes included as an ingredient. Bastani often contains flakes of frozen clotted cream. The milk is stirred until it is flocculated. \"Havij bastani\" () is a mixture of carrot juice made into an ice cream float and may occasionally be garnished with cinnamon, nutmeg, or other spices. In the Persian Empire, people would pour syrups over snow called \"fruit ice\" (sorbet).", "title": "Bastani Sonnati" }, { "id": "97943", "text": "been deep fried. Gulab jamun is an Indian dessert made of milk solids kneaded into a dough, deep-fried, and soaked in honey. Churros are a deep-fried and sugared dough that is eaten as dessert or a snack in many countries. Doughnuts are most famous for being a trademark favorite of fictional character Homer Simpson from the animated television series \"The Simpsons\". Ice cream, gelato, sorbet and shaved-ice desserts fit into this category. Ice cream is a cream base that is churned as it is frozen to create a creamy consistency. Gelato uses a milk base and has less air whipped", "title": "Dessert" }, { "id": "2903592", "text": "it is considered ice cream. True frozen custard is a very dense dessert. Soft serve ice creams may have an overrun as large as 100%, meaning half of the final product is composed of air. Frozen custard, when made in a continuous freezer will have an overrun of 15–30% depending on the machine manufacturer (an overrun percentage similar to gelato). Air is not pumped into the mix, nor is it added as an \"ingredient\" but gets into the frozen state by the agitation of liquid similar to whisking a meringue. The high percentage of butterfat and egg yolk gives frozen", "title": "Frozen custard" }, { "id": "3725642", "text": "Ice cube An ice cube is a small piece of ice, which is rectangular as viewed from above and trapezoidal as viewed from the side. Ice cubes are products of mechanical refrigeration and are usually produced to cool beverages. They may be produced at home in a refrigerator with an ice tray or in an automated ice-making accessory. They may also be produced industrially and sold commercially. American physician and humanitarian John Gorrie built a refrigerator in 1844 with the purpose of producing ice to cool air. His refrigerator produced ice which he hung from the ceiling in a basin", "title": "Ice cube" }, { "id": "3725649", "text": "to form 'slushies', which can be both alcoholic and non alcoholic. Crushed ice melts more quickly than solid ice: it has a greater surface area, so heat transfer is faster compared to solid ice. Ice cube An ice cube is a small piece of ice, which is rectangular as viewed from above and trapezoidal as viewed from the side. Ice cubes are products of mechanical refrigeration and are usually produced to cool beverages. They may be produced at home in a refrigerator with an ice tray or in an automated ice-making accessory. They may also be produced industrially and sold", "title": "Ice cube" } ]

[ "receptionist Pam Beesly" ]

[ { "id": "13894410", "text": "to install a recording device in Jim's office, by giving him a wooden mallard as an apology for their long rivalry. Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam (Jenna Fischer) return from their honeymoon in Puerto Rico and Michael (Steve Carell) tells Jim that he has been dating Pam's mother, Helene (Linda Purl), after spending the night with her at their wedding in Niagara. Jim is shocked and tells Michael not to mention anything to Pam (which he reluctantly agrees to do) and to break it off with Helene immediately (which he does not agree to). However, when Jim and Pam give", "title": "The Lover (The Office)" }, { "id": "9026123", "text": "mostly because of the return of Jim Halpert (John Krasinski). She soon learns throughout the day that Jim has become slightly distant at her and that he has formed a close relationship with Karen Filippelli (Rashida Jones), visibly shaking her. Feeling bad with their awkward reunion, Jim catches up to Pam at the end of the day and informs her that he's seeing someone. While Pam assures him that they're still friends, Jim leaves shaken as well. Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) proclaims he'll be the No. 2 man in Scranton in six weeks time through \"name repetition, personality mirroring and", "title": "The Merger (The Office)" }, { "id": "6313473", "text": "his new relationship with Karen lead to shifting tensions amongst the three. Meanwhile, Michael and Jan's relationship escalates which causes them both to behave erratically on the job. On the other hand, Dwight and Angela continue their steamy secret relationship. In the season's finale, Jim, Karen, and Michael interview for a corporate position that turns out to be Jan's, who is fired that day for poor performance. Jim wins and rejects the offer off-screen, opting instead to return to Scranton without Karen and ask Pam out on a date, which she joyfully accepts. In the final scene, we learn Ryan", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "6912245", "text": "Michael Scott during the sixth season episode arc from \"The Promotion\" to \"The Manager and the Salesman\". After Dunder Mifflin is bought by Sabre Corporation, Jim is very briefly the sole regional manager of the branch, before returning to the Sales department until his termination in the series finale. His character serves as the intelligent, mild-mannered straight man role to Michael, although it is also defined by a rivalrous pranking on fellow salesman Dwight Schrute and a romantic interest in receptionist Pam Beesly, whom he begins dating in the fourth season, marries in the sixth, and has children with in", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "id": "13928841", "text": "Double Date (The Office) \"Double Date\" is the 9th episode of the sixth season of the U.S. comedy series \"The Office\" and the show's 109th episode overall. It was written by Charlie Grandy and directed by Seth Gordon. It originally aired on NBC on November 5, 2009. The series—presented as if it were a real documentary—depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Jim and Pam finally go on a double date with Michael and Pam's mother Helene on Helene's birthday, which takes a dark turn", "title": "Double Date (The Office)" }, { "id": "6313471", "text": "company booze cruise party, Jim grows depressed and considers transferring to the Stamford, Connecticut branch, but tells Pam in the season finale that he loves her. Even though Pam still insists she will marry Roy, the two kiss and Jim transfers to the Stamford branch soon after. The general threat of downsizing continues throughout the season as well. The third season consists of 17 half-hour episodes, four 40-minute \"super-sized\" episodes, and two one-hour episodes. The season starts with a brief flashback to the last episode of season 2, \"Casino Night\", when Jim kissed Pam and confessed his feelings for her.", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "13834335", "text": "best episode of the series after the second-season finale, \"Casino Night.\" The episode was viewed by 9.42 million households with a 4.8 rating/12% share in the 18–49 demographic making it the second highest viewed episode of the season after \"The Delivery.\" Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam (Jenna Fischer) head up to Niagara Falls for their wedding and the rest of the office follows them. Michael (Steve Carell) and Dwight (Rainn Wilson) seek women to hook up with while Andy (Ed Helms) pursues Erin (Ellie Kemper). Kevin (Brian Baumgartner) and Oscar (Oscar Nunez) meet Pam's sister Penny (Anna Camp), who accidentally", "title": "Niagara (The Office)" }, { "id": "6912282", "text": "Pam Beesly Pamela Morgan Halpert (née Beesly) is a fictional character on the U.S. television sitcom \"The Office\", played by Jenna Fischer. Her counterpart in the original UK series of \"The Office\" is Dawn Tinsley. Her character is initially the receptionist at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin, before becoming a saleswoman and eventually office administrator until she left in the series finale. Her character is shy, growing assertive but amiable, and artistically inclined, and shares romantic interest with Jim Halpert, whom she begins dating in the fourth season and marries and starts a family with as the series continues.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "id": "17144650", "text": "that Ryan can have Kelly and the two can start a new life together. Ravi then gives Kevin the baby to give to Child Services before leaving, but Nellie, who has still been wanting a child, takes Drake instead. When Jim and Pam briefly return home, Jim is surprised to find Carol Stills (Nancy Carell) showing their house to another couple. Pam comes clean and admits she has been showing the house for two months. She wants to repay Jim for all his romantic gestures and says she wants him to go to Athleap in Austin, at which point the", "title": "Finale (The Office)" }, { "id": "17206799", "text": "It then flashbacks to their wedding with Michael, Dwight and the gang, she remembers that by marrying Jim she promised to love him in spite of any hardships, and she lovingly embraces him and kisses him. \"Paper Airplane\" was written by co-executive producers Halsted Sullivan and Warren Lieberstein, marking their first writing credit for the season, as well as their first writing credit since season eight's \"Turf War\". It was directed by first-time \"Office\" director, Jesse Peretz. Comedian Roseanne Barr guest stars in this episode. It was announced on January 31, 2013 that she would be doing a two episode", "title": "Paper Airplane (The Office)" }, { "id": "10094758", "text": "Jan is escorted out by security, Michael learns that he will not be getting the position. On the drive home, Jan tells Michael that she will make their relationship her \"full-time job\". Upon hearing that, Michael becomes visibly uncomfortable. Jim's interview with David goes well until he discovers an encouraging note from Pam along with a yogurt lid medal (reminiscent of an earlier episode). Jim recalls a conversation with Pam after her confession on the beach. He discreetly admits that he left Scranton because of her rejection and that he feels that he has \"never really come back,\" meaning that", "title": "The Job (The Office)" }, { "id": "10094769", "text": "movie.\" Referring to the agreed-to date between Jim and Pam, Flannery said, \"The point is that the elephant in the room has not only been addressed but asked to dinner. Makes Season 4 seem filled with possibilities – like an empty glass in front of a full bar.\" In an article written around the time of actor Steve Carell's last performance on \"The Office\" in 2011, IGN's Cindy White listed Michael's quote about Jan's \"breast enhancement\" as among the best of the series. Dan Philipps, another writer for IGN, ranked Jim's date proposal among the best moments for the couple,", "title": "The Job (The Office)" }, { "id": "6649285", "text": "in him, and after he made an unwanted and rejected impromptu public marriage proposal, Michael's decision to Photoshop pictures of himself over Carol's ex-husband in her family pictures resulted in their breakup. On a business trip to Winnipeg, Michael and \"Concierge Marie\" become close, and Michael does not wish to leave her after they are caught necking in her suite. After Jim and Pam's wedding, Michael begins dating Pam's mother Helene (much to Pam's horror), but he breaks up with her on her birthday after discovering she is turning 58. Near the end of season six, Michael begins dating Donna", "title": "Michael Scott (The Office)" }, { "id": "11832202", "text": "fear of company downsizing, along with the introduction of new characters and developing some of the minor ones—especially that of Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson). Michael Scott (Steve Carell) soon starts a relationship with his boss Jan Levinson (Melora Hardin) and, Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) and Jim Halpert's (John Krasinski) relationship become one of the focal points of the season. Their compatibility becomes more obvious as Jim's feelings for Pam continue to grow, while she struggles with her relationship with warehouse worker Roy Anderson (David Denman). Season two of \"The Office\" aired on Tuesdays in the United States at 9:30 p.m.", "title": "The Office (U.S. season 2)" }, { "id": "16260024", "text": "Ryan interprets this as an invitation to hook up with her, so he attempts to seduce her by taking her to the empty kitchen to help her make a waffle. They hide under a table when the chefs return. After Ryan compliments Erin, she suggests that they could become roommates in Florida and possibly start dating in six months if things go well between them. Not wanting that long timeline, he resorts to saying he loves Kelly. Meanwhile, Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) has started spending more time with Cathy Simms (Lindsey Broad) because Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker) keeps trying", "title": "After Hours (The Office)" }, { "id": "13928847", "text": "viewers, with a 4.1 rating and a 10 share in the 18–49 demographic. Double Date (The Office) \"Double Date\" is the 9th episode of the sixth season of the U.S. comedy series \"The Office\" and the show's 109th episode overall. It was written by Charlie Grandy and directed by Seth Gordon. It originally aired on NBC on November 5, 2009. The series—presented as if it were a real documentary—depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Jim and Pam finally go on a double date with", "title": "Double Date (The Office)" }, { "id": "6912255", "text": "\"Casino Night\", he confesses his love for Pam in the office. Pam, whose wedding to Roy was planned out and just weeks away, clearly shows her anguish but gently turns him down. Jim tearfully walks away, later kisses her in the office, and the season ends. In the third season premiere \"Gay Witch Hunt\", it is revealed that he did transfer to Stamford despite the fact that Pam has called off her wedding and he clearly still harbors intense feelings for her. His reason is later stated as \"It's just, I kinda put it all on the line. Twice. And", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "id": "15570342", "text": "Search Committee \"Search Committee\" is the hour-long finale of the seventh season of the American television comedy series \"The Office\". It comprises the 151st and 152nd episodes of the series overall and the 25th and 26th episodes of the seventh season. It originally aired on NBC on May 19, 2011 in the United States. In the episode, Deangelo's replacement is sought out through a search committee process led by Jim (John Krasinski). Meanwhile, Angela (Angela Kinsey) becomes engaged to her state senator boyfriend, Robert (Jack Coleman), while the rest of the office believes he is gay. The episode was written", "title": "Search Committee" }, { "id": "6313487", "text": "Dwight later makes Jim his assistant to the regional manager and the two officially end their grudge. After Jim reconciles with Pam, choosing to stay in Scranton over Philadelphia, Dwight professes his love for Angela and finally marries her. In the series finale, taking place one year after the release of the documentary, the employees reunite for Dwight and Angela's wedding, for which Michael returns (with help from Jim who was the person Dwight first asked to be his best man) to serve as the best man. Kelly and Ryan run away together, Nellie now lives in Poland and \"adopts\"", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "13894409", "text": "The Lover (The Office) \"The Lover\" is the 7th episode of the sixth season of the U.S. comedy series \"The Office\" and the show's 107th episode overall. It was written by Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky and directed by Eisenberg. It originally aired on October 22, 2009 on NBC. The series—presented as if it were a real documentary—depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Jim and Pam return from their honeymoon and discover that Michael is dating Pam's mother, which infuriates her. Meanwhile, Dwight tries", "title": "The Lover (The Office)" }, { "id": "6912310", "text": "large part in her efficiency as office administrator and was crucial to her being promoted to the previously non-existent position. The \"will they or won't they\" tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of \"The Office\", encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "id": "16260026", "text": "a bath robe. After ordering some desserts from room service and asking Jim to touch her legs, he finally comes out saying that he is happily married, and does not want to be with her. Cathy gets defensive and insists that she did not have any romantic intentions whatsoever, so Jim relents, but Cathy immediately resumes her seductive technique. After Jim goes to the bathroom, he comes out to find her in only her underwear under his blanket. Fed up, he demands that she leave and lets Dwight, armed with spray chemicals, into the room. Jim claims to see a", "title": "After Hours (The Office)" }, { "id": "10094759", "text": "he has been actively fighting his feelings for her. Pam tells him that she wishes that he would come back. Just as Pam is telling the cameras that she does not think that it would work out between her and Jim, he bursts into the room and asks her out to dinner. Stunned, she agrees, and Jim says, \"Alright. Then, it's a date.\" After Jim exits the room, Pam becomes visibly joyous and forgets what she was talking about. During a phone call, David Wallace offers the job to Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak), who accepts and immediately breaks up", "title": "The Job (The Office)" }, { "id": "17144648", "text": "(Jenna Fischer) is pressed with questions about why she did not allow Jim to follow his dream after he has paid her so many romantic gestures. Jim attempts to disperse the resulting tension. Erin Hannon (Ellie Kemper) finally meets her birth parents (Ed Begley, Jr. and Joan Cusack), who had put her up for adoption. At the wedding, Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) arrives with her husband Ravi (Sendhil Ramamurthy), where Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) surprises them with a baby, his son Drake, that he had with a former girlfriend who then abandoned them both. Jim tells Dwight that under", "title": "Finale (The Office)" }, { "id": "7179026", "text": "gifts from her boyfriend Bob Vance (Robert R. Shafer), while Pam Beesly is irritated with Roy Anderson (David Denman) when the only thing he gives her for Valentine's Day is the promise of the \"best sex of [her] life\". Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) is forced to listen to, and witness Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) turn Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) down for a date. At the end of the day, Jim tells Pam \"Happy Valentine's Day\" and she watches him longingly as he leaves. This episode was the fourth episode of the series directed by series creator Greg Daniels. Daniels", "title": "Valentine's Day (The Office)" }, { "id": "16574185", "text": "television block. This is the second season not to star Steve Carell as lead character Michael Scott, although he returned for a cameo appearance in the series finale. The ninth season largely focuses on the relationship between Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer). After Jim decides to follow his dream and start a sports marketing company in Philadelphia, Pam begins to worry about moving, and the couple's relationship experiences stress. Meanwhile, Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) abandons the office for a three-month boating trip, and eventually quits his job to pursue his dream of becoming a star, although he", "title": "The Office (U.S. season 9)" }, { "id": "6313476", "text": "he is moving to Costa Rica, and is replaced by Holly Flax, who quickly shows a liking for Michael. Pam decides to follow her artistic interests and attends a three-month graphic design course at the Pratt Institute in New York City. In the season finale, Jim almost proposes to Pam, but is interrupted by Andy proposing to Angela, who reluctantly agrees. Phyllis then catches Dwight and Angela having sex in the office. The fifth season consists of 28 half-hours of material, divided into 24 half-hour episodes and two hour-long episodes, one of which aired after Super Bowl XLIII. Jim proposes", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "17206800", "text": "arc and would play a talent agent named Carla Fern. Barr began filming her scenes the week following January 31. She first appeared in the previous episode, \"Stairmageddon\". The episode features both archival footage—as well as new footage—of Pam and Jim's wedding from the sixth-season episode \"Niagara\". In order to get a shot of Pam and Jim looking into the camera, Greg Daniels restaged the scene four years after \"Niagara\" had been filmed. Daniels noted, \"To get Jim and Pam's eye line right for the camera, I stepped in as the minister [when the camera was facing them] so they", "title": "Paper Airplane (The Office)" }, { "id": "8834141", "text": "office and launches into a hyperactive, sugar-fueled speech before falling asleep at his desk. At the end of the day, Pam realizes that Michael's antics secured a large sale. At Dunder Mifflin's Stamford branch, Karen Filippelli (Rashida Jones) discovers that Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) swapped his chair for hers, but Jim foils her efforts to switch them back. The two flirt for a while before Karen steals Andy Bernard's (Ed Helms) chair. Later that night, Jim, who was trying to call Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner), ends up talking to Pam on the phone for the first time since the two", "title": "Initiation (The Office)" }, { "id": "7159373", "text": "her behind at a high school hockey game. Their astonishment increases when they realize the date was her now-fiance Roy. Later, Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) and Pam break off their respective evening plans to enjoy an impromptu dinner on the roof and watch Dwight and Kevin fool around with fireworks. The next day Jim half-jokingly remarks to Pam that this was their first date. Pam responds in an unexpectedly harsh manner and a dismayed Jim makes an unwise crack at Pam about the hockey game date she earlier mentioned. Hurt, Pam breaks off the conversation. That morning, Dwight, having spent", "title": "The Client (The Office)" }, { "id": "11832209", "text": "a cohort with Jim in his pranks on Dwight. B. J. Novak portrays Ryan Howard, who is a temporary worker. Halfway through the season, eight of the show's recurring guest stars are promoted to series regulars and credited just after the main titles and before the writers and producers. They include Jan Levinson, Michael's main love interest and Vice-President of Regional Sales, who is portrayed by Melora Hardin; Roy Anderson, a warehouse worker and Pam's fiance played by David Denman; Angela Martin, Oscar Martinez, and Kevin Malone the office's accountants, portrayed by Angela Kinsey, Oscar Nunez, and Brian Baumgartner, respectively;", "title": "The Office (U.S. season 2)" }, { "id": "6313449", "text": "Tompkins. Rainn Wilson was cast as power-hungry sycophant Dwight Schrute, and he watched every episode of the British series before he auditioned. Wilson had originally auditioned for Michael, a performance that he described as a \"terrible Ricky Gervais impersonation\"; however, the casting directors liked his audition as Dwight much more and hired him. Seth Rogen, Matt Besser, Patton Oswalt, and Judah Friedlander also auditioned for the role. John Krasinski and Jenna Fischer were cast in their respective roles as Jim and Pam, the central love interests. Krasinski had attended school with B. J. Novak, and the two were friends. Fischer", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "9170233", "text": "up on when he's having beers with him, Jim Halpert and the other warehouse workers later on in Crime Aid. He often shares in the warehouse's typical blue-collar humor. Roy was Pam Beesly's fiancé for over five years until she broke off the engagement. Roy brought along his brother on his first date with Pam, a minor league hockey game; the brothers forgot she was with them and left the game without her while she was in the bathroom. During their long engagement, Roy, on more than one occasion, has seen Jim Halpert flirting with Pam. He claims not to", "title": "Roy Anderson (The Office)" }, { "id": "7178983", "text": "February 2, 2006. The installment was viewed by 5.42 million viewers. The episode was, at the time, the lowest rated entry in the series after the first season finale \"Hot Girl\". It was eventually beaten by eighth season episode \"Jury Duty\", which was viewed by 5.31 million viewers. \"Boys and Girls received largely positive reviews from television critics. Michael Sciannamea of AOLTV called it \"another brilliant episode\", noting that Carell was \"at his obnoxious and comedic best\". He also complimented the maturation of Jim and Pam's relationship, writing that it \"seems like it's coming to a cliffhanger in the next", "title": "Boys and Girls (The Office)" }, { "id": "12924312", "text": "Blood Drive (The Office) \"Blood Drive\" is the eighteenth episode of the fifth season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\", and the 90th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on March 5, 2009. In the episode, a lonely Michael strikes up a pleasant conversation with a woman while giving blood, but passes out before he can learn her name. He holds a Valentine's Day singles party at the Dunder Mifflin office with the hopes of meeting her. Meanwhile, Jim and Pam go on an awkward double date with Phyllis and", "title": "Blood Drive (The Office)" }, { "id": "6912269", "text": "the pregnancy is confirmed in the Season 6 premiere, \"Gossip\". Jim is promoted to Regional Co-Manager, alongside Michael, in \"The Meeting.\" His promotion causes problems in the office as the staff doesn't take him seriously and he is often in a power struggle with Michael. When Dunder Mifflin files for bankruptcy and is taken over by Sabre, a company that sells printers, Jim chooses to become a salesman again (largely because Sabre's uncapped commission means a huge pay increase). Jim and Pam marry in the highly anticipated, hour-long episode, \"Niagara\". When their guests' craziness threatens to ruin the wedding day,", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "id": "6313477", "text": "to Pam at a gas station halfway between them because he could not wait. Pam ultimately returns from New York to Scranton, where Jim has bought his parents' house for the two of them. Having avoided jail and only been sentenced to community service, Ryan dyes his hair and starts working for a bowling alley. Michael initiates a romance with Holly until she is transferred to the Nashua, New Hampshire, branch and the relationship ends. When Andy is made aware of Dwight and Angela's continued affair, both men leave her. Newly hired Vice President Charles Miner implements a rigid managerial", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "14507143", "text": "\"The Chump\" and dropping 3% from last years finale, \"Company Picnic\" according to Nielsen Media Research. The episode, \"Whistleblower\" ranked 13th in the weekly 18–49 demographic ratings and ranked becoming the highest rated show on NBC that week. Cindy White of IGN gave the episode a 7.8 saying it was \"Good\" and \"This was probably the weakest finale in the show's history, coming in just below \"Hot Girl\", which ended the first six-episode run by at least introducing a new potential love interest for Jim.\" Nathan Rabin of \"The A.V. Club\" gave this episode a B+, stating \"tonight’s episode capped", "title": "Whistleblower (The Office)" }, { "id": "6313479", "text": "divided into 22 half-hour episodes and two hour-long episodes. Jim and Pam marry and have a baby named Cecelia Marie Halpert. Meanwhile, Andy and Erin develop mutual interest in one another, but find their inherent awkwardness inhibits his attempts to ask her out on a date. Rumors of bankruptcy begin to surround Dunder Mifflin, and by Christmas, Wallace announces to the branch that Dunder Mifflin has accepted a buyout from Sabre Corporation, a printer company. While Wallace and other executives are let go, the Scranton office survives due to its relative success within the company and Michael Scott is now", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "7179029", "text": "staffs for \"Not Necessarily the News\", \"Saturday Night Live\" and \"The Simpsons\" and the two also went to Harvard University together. The Season Two DVD contains a number of deleted scenes from this episode. Notable cut scenes include Michael handing out plastic roses, Michael choosing the most attractive part of a woman, Creed calling everybody \"Ace\", Michael meeting Devon in New York, the Vance Refrigeration employees getting into a fistfight, Michael wondering why his meeting is on Valentine's Day, Jim learning that Dwight has a girlfriend, and Kevin learning that his fiancée has returned to town. Michael notes that New", "title": "Valentine's Day (The Office)" }, { "id": "6649284", "text": "begin awkwardly dating, become an official couple, and eventually move in together after Jan is fired from her job — although it should be noted that Jan usually treated Michael with contempt. After Michael fails to defend Jan in her wrongful dismissal suit against Dunder Mifflin, they remain together for a short while, but end up blowing up at each other during an ill-fated dinner party and eventually break up. He also dated Carol (played by Carell's wife Nancy Walls), a real estate agent from whom Michael bought his condominium. Michael was much more interested in Carol than she was", "title": "Michael Scott (The Office)" }, { "id": "6912297", "text": "that they have started dating after the camera crew catches them kissing. The office ultimately learns of their relationship in \"Dunder Mifflin Infinity\". In \"Chair Model\", after teasing Pam about his impending proposal, Jim tells the documentary crew he is not kidding around about an engagement and shows them a ring he bought a week after he and Pam started dating. In the next few episodes, Jim fake-proposes to Pam multiple times. In \"Goodbye, Toby\", Pam discovers she's been accepted at Pratt Institute, an art and design school in Brooklyn . In an interview later in the episode, Jim announces", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "id": "16489606", "text": "as Kelly's boyfriend Ravi, having previously appeared in the episode \"Angry Andy\", and the second appearance of former \"Saturday Night Live\" cast member Jerry Minor as Val's boyfriend Brandon, having previously appeared in the episode \"After Hours\". Former \"Office\" writer/producer Michael Schur appears as Dwight's cousin Mose for the 10th time, and the first since the episode \"Garden Party\" earlier in the season. James Spader, who portrayed Robert California, made his final appearance for the eighth season. The Season Eight DVD contains a number of deleted scenes from this episode. Notable cut scenes include Robert complimenting Jim and Pam's marriage", "title": "Free Family Portrait Studio" }, { "id": "7159375", "text": "Paul Lieberstein, who acts on the show as human resources director Toby Flenderson. The idea for Jan and Michael to have a romantic relationship was conceived by Steve Carell as far back as the filming of the pilot episode. According to writer and producer Greg Daniels \"it was like he (Michael) was turned on by his teacher.\" Writer and actor Paul Lieberstein said that the first idea that anybody came up for the episode was the final shot, where Jim and Michael look at each other and shake their heads, suggesting that they had been through similar experiences. The rest", "title": "The Client (The Office)" }, { "id": "6912253", "text": "\"everybody likes Jim\". A major part of the character Jim Halpert is his relationship with Pam Beesly, which is often the subject of office speculation. This is made worse by the fact that Pam was engaged to Roy Anderson, a Dunder Mifflin warehouse worker. Throughout the first two seasons, incidents such as Pam falling asleep on Jim's shoulder in \"Diversity Day\" and drunkenly kissing him in \"The Dundies\" show a possibility of the feelings being mutual; however, Pam never acts on them and she remains engaged to Roy. On one occasion, in \"The Fight,\" his flirting with her goes a", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "id": "6313470", "text": "morale. The second season is the series' first 22-episode season, and has its first 28-minute \"super-sized\" episode. Many workers seen in the background of the first season are developed into secondary characters, and romantic relationships begin to develop between some of the characters. Michael makes out with and then spends the night with his boss Jan, but does not have sex with her. Dwight and Angela become romantically involved, but keep the relationship a secret from everyone else. Kelly develops a crush on Ryan, and they start dating. When Roy sets a date for his wedding to Pam, at a", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "6649283", "text": "branch almost up and the recent knowledge that her aging parents need to be taken care of, they ultimately become engaged. Holly later moves back to Colorado and Michael follows her soon after. In the finale it is revealed that they have children together. It was revealed in a photo album on NBC that they have three children and are expecting their fourth child. Michael's longest relationship before his marriage was with Jan Levinson (Melora Hardin), his original-then-former boss from Corporate. Starting with a one-night stand after they closed their business deal at Chili's in \"The Client\", Michael and Jan", "title": "Michael Scott (The Office)" }, { "id": "11506293", "text": "glasses and his former babysitter (Beth Grant) as his date (Dwight describes the relationship as \"purely carnal\"). The feud between Michael and Jan escalates, culminating in Jan's destruction of the $200 television using one of Michael's beloved Dundie Awards. The police arrive, responding to a call about a disturbance; despite Jan becoming remorseful, Michael agrees to spend the night with Dwight under the advice of the officers. Jim and Pam share a warm moment together eating take-out food in their car, repeatedly calling each other \"babe\" in a mockery of Michael and Jan; Jim also puts on Hunter's CD, which", "title": "Dinner Party (The Office)" }, { "id": "6912262", "text": "Pam is describing her lack of satisfaction with the current state of her relationship with Jim. Jim then suddenly interrupts the session to ask her to dinner, much to her surprise. She becomes flustered and overjoyed, and accepts the invitation. Jim replies \"All right. Then... it's a date,\" and leaves abruptly. Pam turns back to the camera, smiling, only to ask, \"What was the question?\" In a webisode titled \"Office Summer Vacation\", found on NBC's website, Karen states that Jim \"dumped my ass\" and left her crying at a fountain. In the season premiere, \"Fun Run\", Pam and Jim reveal", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "id": "9170238", "text": "the office, Dwight prevents the attack with pepper spray and Roy is quickly fired. Roy later returns to receive his last paycheck and apologizes to Jim, which Jim accepts. He then asks Pam if they can get a cup of coffee after work, which she reluctantly agrees to. At a diner, Pam confesses that their engagement was a big mistake and they were never right for each other. Roy asks if she's going to pursue Jim now, but she quietly declines. Roy encourages her to go after him, telling her, \"I don't get you, Pam.\" The two have one final", "title": "Roy Anderson (The Office)" }, { "id": "9026130", "text": "kinda drags the show down to the reality level.\" Doug Elfman of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" thought the episode was \"funnier than it's been in a while,\" praising Kelly but criticizing the \"fat-guy joke.\" Elfman cited Michael and Andy's new relationship as a positive element. Television Without Pity graded the episode with an A+. \"Entertainment Weekly\" columnist Abby West praised Fischer's \"masterful\" performance, writing that it \"really is nice to see Pam coming into her own... And I love that she didn't inhibit herself when Jim walked in — she just ran right up and hugged him.\" West also highlighted Carell", "title": "The Merger (The Office)" }, { "id": "6313498", "text": "final seasons. However, it denoted that all four of them received \"generally favorable reviews\" from critics, awarding a 61, 85, 78, and 64 score—out of 100—to each of them, respectively. It later named it the thirteenth most mentioned series on \"Best of Decade\" top-ten lists. The last few seasons were criticized for a dip in quality. The sixth season received criticisms for a lack of stakes for the characters. Other critics and fans have also criticized the dragging out of the Jim and Pam romance. \"The Office\" co-creator Ricky Gervais wrote in his blog, referring to \"Search Committee,\" particularly Warren", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "11830944", "text": "by Don McLean and dancing on her grave. With Michael busy, Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) and Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) work to reclaim parking spaces that they have lost due to construction in a neighboring office. They arrange a meeting with the bosses of the office park, and are given the parking spots back. The spaces are retrieved, Kevin feels happy to have won one, as his fiancée Stacy broke off their engagement and it's been a hard time for him. While flirting, Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) reveals he is ready to propose to Pam, even going as far as", "title": "Chair Model" }, { "id": "6912321", "text": "witnesses Pam kissing Jim Halpert in the break room, which prompts him to issue a memo about public displays of affection in the workplace. Later, when Jim and Pam admit they are dating and ask to fill out a disclosure form, he hesitates to give them a form saying they should wait and see. In \"Night Out\", Toby awkwardly rubs her knee while they share a laugh (and while Jim sits just on her other side), and the rest of the office watches in horror. In his mortification, Toby immediately announces that he is moving to Costa Rica before jumping", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "id": "13402992", "text": "season mainly faced criticism for a lack of stakes for the characters. Some critics have also criticized the conclusion to the Jim and Pam romance while others were critical of the lack of growth for Michael. Cindy White of IGN gave the season a 7.5 saying it was \"Good\" and \"We did get some funny moments and some good episodes in Season 6, but as a whole it just doesn't compare to the strength of seasons past.\" She also went on to criticize the storylines including Jim's stint as co-manager. Will Leitch of \"New York\" said \"\"The Office\"'s season six", "title": "The Office (U.S. season 6)" }, { "id": "6313472", "text": "Jim briefly transfers to Stamford branch after Pam confirms her commitment to Roy. Corporate is later forced to merge the Stamford branch and staff into the Scranton branch. Michael takes this merger very seriously. Included in the transfer to Scranton are Karen Filippelli, with whom Jim has developed a relationship, and the anger-prone Andy Bernard. The rest of the Stamford branch are irrelevant considering they all quit within the first few episodes of them being there. Pam is newly single after calling off her marriage and relationship to Roy prior to the merger, and Jim's unresolved feelings for her and", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "9026121", "text": "The Merger (The Office) \"The Merger\" is the eighth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\" and the show's 36th overall. It was written by consulting producer Brent Forrester and directed by Ken Whittingham. It first aired on November 16, 2006, as a special \"super-sized\" 40-minute (including commercials) episode on NBC. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton and Stamford branches of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, the two branches are merged. Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) and Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) have an awkward reunion,", "title": "The Merger (The Office)" }, { "id": "16574218", "text": "abandoned novelty\". Daniels later revealed in an interview that the subplot was a red herring to keep viewers emotionally invested in Pam and Jim's story. He explained, \"we never intended him to actually [interfere with Pam and Jim's marriage], but wanted people to worry about it so they would be engaged in the story.\" On December 12, 2012, the series was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series, but lost to \"Modern Family\". Michael Scott's return was nominated and won the fan-voted \"Best TV Moment\" at the 3rd Critics' Choice", "title": "The Office (U.S. season 9)" }, { "id": "6912279", "text": "Pam interviews for a job in Philadelphia, but then reveals to Jim that she doesn't really want to move there after all. In \"Finale\", Darryl reveals that Jim's sports marketing company is now located in Austin, Texas and has changed its name to Athleap. Pam sells the couple's home, unbeknownst to Jim, to show her support to Jim and allow the family to move to Austin so Jim can continue with Athlead. Jim has appeared in every episode of \"The Office\" with the exception of \"Mafia\", in which only his voice is heard. The clip show episode \"The Banker\" features", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "id": "9633554", "text": "Jim to play basketball in the backyard. Michael takes relish in being able to freely proclaim his relationship with Jan to his bosses, making Jan uncomfortable. She eventually pulls him aside and tries to get him to have sex with her in the bathroom. Michael refuses and she becomes angry. As they drive home together, Jan hypothesizes that she only enjoyed being with Michael because their relationship was undisclosed and therefore unethical, and that disclosing it was a mistake. Michael is hurt and upset at this, and Jan takes back her comments to keep him from crying. At Poor Richard's,", "title": "Cocktails (The Office)" }, { "id": "7158998", "text": "audience to more fully understand all of the individual characters better. Adams also praised the interaction between Carell and Novak, as well as the performance of Wilson, which he called \"unsettling\". The Fire (The Office) \"The Fire\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\", and the show's tenth episode overall. Written by B. J. Novak and directed by Ken Kwapis, the episode first aired in the United States on October 11, 2005 on NBC. The episode features Amy Adams as Jim's girlfriend, Katy. The series depicts the everyday lives of office", "title": "The Fire (The Office)" }, { "id": "13928893", "text": "night. Jim pulls Pam out so they can go home, and the others pretend to shoot each other to death. The episode was written by Daniel Chun, and was his first script for the series. The episode also was the inception of two major story arcs, the first being the season-long arc of Dunder Mifflin going out of business and its purchase by the printer company Sabre in the episode of the same name, and the second being the budding romance between Andy and Erin. According to series creator and episode director Greg Daniels, the episode explores the idea that", "title": "Murder (The Office)" }, { "id": "9853552", "text": "and asks Pam to join him for coffee. Their meeting at a local diner is awkward and ends with their relationship (and even friendship) appearing to be over; they hug and Pam wipes a tear from her face. Roy encourages Pam to pursue her feelings for Jim but she says she will not try to get him. Roy does not understand his long-time fiancée, especially her choice to not pursue Jim. Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) interviews people from the office repeatedly to hear the tale of Dwight's heroics. Believing themselves to be alone at the end of the day, the", "title": "The Negotiation" }, { "id": "7175783", "text": "received largely positive reviews from television critics and was watched by 8.7 million viewers, ranking as the forty-fourth most-watched television episode of the week. Out of fear that Michael Scott (Steve Carell) will tell the others he has feelings for Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer), Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) allows Michael to believe that they are good friends, which leads to an awkward lunch at Hooters paid for with a corporate credit card. Michael ultimately reveals Jim's secret to everyone, forcing Jim to confess his crush to Pam himself, although he tells her that he got over it three years ago.", "title": "The Secret (The Office)" }, { "id": "12504831", "text": "that glorious milestone where years and years of flirtation, meaningful glances and missed chances finally paid off in a surprisingly satisfying, genuinely surprising beauty of a scene where Jim proposed to Pam outside a truck stop in the pouring rain.\" Aubry Arminio of \"Entertainment Weekly\" also lauded the episode's more dramatic aspects over the comedic moments: \"That’s what was so great about yesterday’s episode: I’ll admit I wasn’t rolling on the floor laughing, but I did find myself clutching my hand over my heart several times. Last night had those tender moments only \"The Office\" can pull off without seeming", "title": "Weight Loss (The Office)" }, { "id": "6313474", "text": "has been awarded Jan's job due to his business school credentials. NBC ordered a full fourth season of 30 half-hour episodes, but ended with only 19 due to a halt in production caused by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The season consists of 9 half-hour episodes, and 5 hour-long episodes to make up the 19 total episodes of material created. Karen has left the Scranton branch after her breakup with Jim and becomes regional manager at the Utica branch. A self-employed Jan moves herself and her candle business into Michael's condo, until the dissolution of their relationship midway", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "6333869", "text": "as a fill in for Pam after she goes to design school and immediately apologizes to Jim, albeit in a very cynical and egotistical fashion, but Jim accepts his apology regardless, though not before making a few sarcastic remarks towards him, showing that the two still held each other in relative contempt. Once Ryan is rehired as a salesman before being demoted back to a temp at the company, he forms a bond with Pam, slightly softening his bitter relationship with Jim. Things finally improve a little between the two for most of season five, but they deteriorate anew in", "title": "Ryan Howard (The Office)" }, { "id": "9092454", "text": "a serial killer presumed dead following Hurricane Katrina resurfaces. It is revealed the following season that he and JJ had been seeing each other for the past year but kept it a secret as she wanted to keep her personal life away from the prying eyes of her colleagues, which Will initially misunderstood as her being ashamed of their relationship. When she finally reveals their relationship by kissing him goodbye in her office with the blinds open, it is apparent that her colleagues already knew about them. In \"The Crossing\", JJ told Will that she was pregnant with his child.", "title": "Jennifer Jareau" }, { "id": "14500113", "text": "The Chump \"The Chump\" is the 25th episode of the sixth season of the U.S. comedy series \"The Office\" and the show's 125th episode overall. It aired on May 13, 2010 on NBC. The series—presented as if it were a real documentary—depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Michael is surprisingly cheerful after learning his girlfriend is married. The new parents, Pam and Jim, have trouble staying awake in the office. Meanwhile, Angela takes matters into her own hands when Dwight refuses to honor their", "title": "The Chump" }, { "id": "9633553", "text": "David Wallace (Andy Buckley). Jan and Michael bring along signed documents disclosing their relationship. With the branch managers away, the remainder of the office goes to happy hour at Poor Richard's. Pam (Jenna Fischer) demands that Roy (David Denman), as her boyfriend, attend as well. Roy shows up along with his brother, Kenny. At the party, Karen plays a joke on Jim by identifying many people at the party as ex-boyfriends. Dwight takes it upon himself to give the house a thorough inspection, and spends the night critiquing the layout and materials. Towards the end of the evening, David invites", "title": "Cocktails (The Office)" }, { "id": "9172367", "text": "Toby then wonders why the 5K course was a straight line instead of a circle that would have returned everyone to the Dunder Mifflin building. In \"Dunder Mifflin Infinity\" after Toby sees Pam kiss Jim he sends out a memo about Public Display of Affection. When Michael accosts Toby about the memo (thinking it's about him and Jan having sex in the office), Toby tells him, in front of everyone, that it is about Jim and Pam. When they confirm that they are dating everyone is happy, except Toby. Later Pam and Jim visit him to see if they have", "title": "Toby Flenderson" }, { "id": "7634965", "text": "of \"Entertainment Weekly\" noted that, unlike other shows that featured resolved sexual tension, \"The Office\" was in no worry of being cancelled. She based this deduction on the fact that the show \"isn't based entirely on the endearing flirtation between\" Jim and Pam. In a 2011 poll conducted by fansite \"OfficeTally, \"fans voted \"Casino Night\" as their favorite of all \"Office\" episodes that had been aired at that time. Casino Night \"Casino Night\" is the second season finale of the American comedy television series \"The Office\", and the twenty-eighth episode overall. Written by Steve Carell, who also acts in the", "title": "Casino Night" }, { "id": "9191425", "text": "A Benihana Christmas \"A Benihana Christmas\" is the tenth and eleventh episode of the third season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\", and the thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth episode overall. It was written by Jennifer Celotta and directed by Harold Ramis. The episode originally aired in the United States on December 14, 2006, on NBC. In the episode, Christmas time at the office leads to depression for Michael, when his girlfriend Carol (Steve Carell's wife, Nancy Walls) breaks up with him. Michael, Andy, Dwight, and Jim then go to a local Benihana restaurant, where Michael and Andy find dates", "title": "A Benihana Christmas" }, { "id": "6912256", "text": "she said no. Twice.\" in \"The Convention\". Though in later seasons, after Ryan Howard's promotion, the relationship between him and Jim seems to be tense, in earlier seasons the two seem to be friendly. In \"Casino Night\", they are shown talking, laughing and drinking together. Throughout season 2, Jim dates Katy, who initially appeared in season 1 as the \"Purse Girl\" in \"Hot Girl\". After Jim and Katy split up in \"Booze Cruise\", he leaves a message asking out a fellow Dunder Mifflin employee named Brenda, much to Kelly's disbelief. Jim's misfortunes are assumed to be because he is unable", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "id": "6649266", "text": "Pam is visibly touched when, after many art show attendees dismiss her artwork, Michael is so impressed that he asks to buy her painting of their office building. Their relationship comes to a rocky point when he begins dating her mother Helene. This is only repaired after he breaks up with Helene and allows Pam to slap him in the face in the parking lot. He trusts and respects Jim, although when they were co-managers they clashed due to their polar-opposite management styles. In \"Secret Santa\", Michael mentions that in a future vision he sees himself and his future wife", "title": "Michael Scott (The Office)" }, { "id": "6333858", "text": "were on; no one in the office raised a hand to support either one of them. In the episode \"Spooked\", Ryan and Kelly are seen standing next to each other and talking. At the end of the episode, he kisses her on the forehead. While they took a backseat for most of Season 8, in \"Angry Andy\" Pam and Jim set up Kelly with their handsome, likable, kind and NOT-RYAN Indian-American pediatrician Ravi, with Pam explaining that the Ryan-Kelly romance has become impossibly disruptive to the rest of the office. Pam also tells Ryan she doesn't think he's a good", "title": "Ryan Howard (The Office)" }, { "id": "10939279", "text": "not without friends. Having re-opened his old memories, Jim re-enters the office, goes right to Pam and kisses her passionately, and indirectly confesses in an interview that he loves her. Jim is quietly pleased when Dwight returns to his desk along with his annoying and overbearing personality. Jan learns of Michael's dismal finances by phone, and immediately harangues Michael about being irresponsible. He panics and attempts to hop a nearby train. However, the train is slowing down and comes to a complete halt, upon which he is seen sitting on the train singing to himself. Jan speeds to the office", "title": "Money (The Office)" }, { "id": "12504829", "text": "character-driven moments, especially Jim's proposal to Pam. This scene ranked number 2 in \"phillyBurbs.com\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s top ten moments from the fifth season of \"The Office\". Dwight and Angela carrying on their affair in the hidden corner of the warehouse during business hours ranked number 7 on that list. Writer Jen Weilgus described Dwight's line, \"We done good in there, Half Pint,\" as the best quote of the season. Ryan's return as a temp in this episode, tied with his second return appearance in the episode \"Dream Team\", ranked number 5 in the list. Travis Fickett of IGN gave the episode a", "title": "Weight Loss (The Office)" }, { "id": "7168914", "text": "nothing is happening. In order to keep Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) from exposing the party, Jim tells him that it is a surprise party for Michael. Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) notices some things that lead her to suspect that Dwight and Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) are dating. However, she discreetly abandons her suspicions when she asks Phyllis Lapin (Phyllis Smith) if she noticed any office romances and Phyllis guesses that Pam meant her and Jim. Jim and Pam bond when she sees Jim's room for the first time and looks through his high school yearbook. After ruining an improv class,", "title": "Email Surveillance" }, { "id": "13942589", "text": "trying to win Erin back, even following her into the women's bathroom. Erin later has a heart-to-heart conversation with Michael about her love life, and admits that she might be in love with Andy. Michael dismisses both Gabe and Andy and advises Erin that the right guy will come along and she will know it. Michael then tells her that he is just a phone call away in Colorado if she needs advice, and kisses her on the head before walking away. At the end of \"The Inner Circle\", when Deangelo escapes the hospital and returns to the office, Jim", "title": "Erin Hannon" }, { "id": "7158986", "text": "The Fire (The Office) \"The Fire\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\", and the show's tenth episode overall. Written by B. J. Novak and directed by Ken Kwapis, the episode first aired in the United States on October 11, 2005 on NBC. The episode features Amy Adams as Jim's girlfriend, Katy. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) takes it upon himself to teach Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak)", "title": "The Fire (The Office)" }, { "id": "6649280", "text": "tells her that she won't need her mother for advice, because she will always have his personal phone number when she needs advice and kisses her on the head. Shortly after the dissolution of his troubled relationship with Jan, Michael found love with Holly Flax (Amy Ryan), Toby's replacement as HR Representative, who appears for a while to be Michael's best chance at love, with the two sharing a similar sense of humor and social awkwardness. However, after David Wallace witnesses them kissing, Holly is transferred to the Nashua branch and she and Michael break up after choosing not to", "title": "Michael Scott (The Office)" }, { "id": "13267117", "text": "his girlfriend Lynne (Lisa K. Wyatt). Meanwhile, Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam (Jenna Fischer) have decided to avoid the expense and stress of a wedding and elope to a simple courthouse ceremony in Youngstown, Ohio without letting their co-workers know. Pam comes to work with a wedding dress and Jim picks up flowers in the office parking lot. As they are leaving, they decide to stop in at Cafe Disco, and end up having a lot of fun, making them decide they really want an actual wedding ceremony after all. Phyllis eventually recovers and dances with Bob in the Cafe", "title": "Cafe Disco" }, { "id": "11841080", "text": "that, minus Leslie David Baker's Stanley, these excellent actors/characters haven't been highlighted nearly enough since the series' return in April.\" In a comprehensive review of the fourth season DVD, IGN reviewers Travis Fickett and Phil Pirrello both believed \"this season to be one of the show's best, [but felt] that 14 episodes across four discs gives way to crowding, especially when the season tries to tackle Jim and Pam dating, Angela and Dwight breaking up, Andy and Angela dating by way of awkward silence, Michael and Jan breaking up, Toby leaving the office and a new love interest for Michael", "title": "The Office (U.S. season 4)" }, { "id": "12924275", "text": "Lecture Circuit \"Lecture Circuit\" is a two-part episode of the American comedy television series \"The Office\". They constituted the sixteenth and seventeenth episodes of the fifth season, and the 88th and 89th overall episodes of the series. The first episode originally aired on NBC on February 5, 2009, and the second on February 12. During both episodes, Michael and Pam visit the various branches of Dunder Mifflin to make business lectures, and in particular visit the Utica branch – where Jim's ex-girlfriend Karen Filippelli is regional manager, and the Nashua branch, where Michael's ex-girlfriend and the love of his life,", "title": "Lecture Circuit" }, { "id": "15316603", "text": "Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) have too much champagne during lunch, causing complications when they have to return to work. During the PDA meeting, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) mentions a list of people who have had sex in the workplace, and Jim and Pam are not mentioned. Due to their intoxication, they agree to give it a try, but they have a hard time finding a place to do it, from hidden places in the warehouse to Ryan Howard's (B. J. Novak) closet. They eventually return to their desks. The two tell the interviewers that they left", "title": "PDA (The Office)" }, { "id": "9170237", "text": "Pam that \"your art was the prettiest art of all the art\", but asks her to leave so that they can go home. Their reunion is short-lived. They break up shortly after \"Cocktails\", when Pam confesses to Roy that she kissed Jim on \"Casino Night\". In response, an enraged Roy started trashing the bar they were meeting at, and Pam calls the relationship off immediately. With his brother having paid off the bar with money he got from selling his jet-skis, a visibly disturbed Roy states, \"I am gonna kill Jim Halpert.\" When he attempts to beat Jim up in", "title": "Roy Anderson (The Office)" }, { "id": "10094756", "text": "Michael back. In a panic, Michael consults the women of the office. Pam tells him not to reconcile with Jan. Michael attempts to reject Jan, but reverses himself immediately when he sees that she has had a breast augmentation. Jim and Karen drive to New York City together and spend the night before their interviews. Karen tells Jim that if either of them gets the job, both should move to New York. She promises to do so, but is met with awkward silence when she asks Jim to reciprocate. Meanwhile, Dwight begins his new regime, assigning Andy Bernard (Ed Helms)", "title": "The Job (The Office)" }, { "id": "10105734", "text": "finally admits to himself that he wants to break up with her. Michael thanks them for their help by treating them to one item each at Victoria's Secret. On the drive back, Pam takes a step toward asserting herself by changing a flat tire on Meredith Palmer's (Kate Flannery) car. At the office, Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) sneaks into the women's bathroom and discovers a plush waiting room. The other men soon join him. Upon returning to the office, Michael calls Jan to end their relationship, doing so by leaving a voicemail message when she fails to answer. Jan walks", "title": "Women's Appreciation" }, { "id": "3328944", "text": "arresting the cattle thieves. She transfers to another office because she has a crush on him. For different reasons, they are both back in the Shiprock office in \"Hunting Badger\", where Chee begins to notice her as she asks him for aid regarding another police officer and also is sent to aid him when he injures his ankle, putting them together for the final scene with Leaphorn and the perpetrators of the main crime. They marry at the conclusion of \"Skeleton Man\". In \"The First Eagle\", Chee learns that his uncle has lung cancer and does not have long to", "title": "Jim Chee" }, { "id": "16574212", "text": "was a chance to see how everyone else would end up\". Todd VanDerWerff of \"The A.V. Club\" wrote that \"the tension between Jim and Pam in the final season ended up being highly controversial for a number of reasons ... but it also provided the most hopeful moments of the series' final stretch\" (although he did note that it was clear that the writers had \"blatantly\" set up the drama). He concluded that the finale was able to successfully return the series \"to what had always been its heart—to have true fulfillment\". Roth Cornet of IGN awarded the season an", "title": "The Office (U.S. season 9)" }, { "id": "6313485", "text": "the manager position once again. The final season consists of 25 episodes. Andy, recently returning from Outward Bound manager's training, reverts to his arrogant earlier season personality, abandoning both Erin and the office to travel around the Caribbean with his brother in their sailboat after the demise of his parents' relationship. In his absence, Erin strikes up a romance with new customer service rep Pete, who along with Clark, another new character, replaces Kelly, who left for Ohio with her new husband (Ryan also moves to Ohio for \"unrelated reasons\"). Meanwhile, Jim receives an exciting opportunity from an old college", "title": "The Office (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "15574120", "text": "staff to be mean to her to urge her to quit. She catches on and confronts Andy and her husband. Susan later asks Jim if Robert didn't want her working in the office. Though he does not answer, Jim says he loves working with his wife, Pam. Andy and Jim then leave the conference room as Robert and Susan sit and talk afterward. The episode ends with Susan talking to Andy later and asking him on a date. During \"Christmas Wishes\", it is revealed that Robert's marriage is ending in divorce, prompting him to become quite despondent and lonely. He", "title": "Robert California" }, { "id": "9170241", "text": "house that he owns and the elegant and tasteful wedding. Roy later thanks Jim before the ceremony, crediting his breakup with Pam to make way for meeting his future bride. Pam is also stunned to see that Roy can play the piano as he sings a song to his bride. Roy Anderson (The Office) Royson \"Roy\" Allan Anderson is a fictional character from the US television series \"The Office\", portrayed by David Denman. His counterpart in the original UK series of \"The Office\" is Lee. Roy Anderson is a warehouse dock worker at the Scranton branch of fictitious paper distributor", "title": "Roy Anderson (The Office)" }, { "id": "17144659", "text": "of the show's crew made cameos in the episode. The documentary crewman's voice that speaks to Dwight was played by camera operator Matt Sohn. The \"frat boy\" who mocks Andy at the restaurant was Greg Daniels' former assistant, Jonah Platt. Jay Falk, a script editor for the series, and his wife stood in for the couple buying Jim and Pam's house. Jennifer Celotta, a series writer and director, makes an appearance at Dwight's wedding. The episode's call sheet listed her character as \"Jen Celotta Schrute\". Producer and writer Graham Wagner also makes a cameo in both Mose's group, as well", "title": "Finale (The Office)" }, { "id": "13781720", "text": "is promoted to co-manager. Meanwhile, Dwight and Toby become suspicious of an injury Darryl supposedly got at work, and Pam tries to get RSVPs from the office for her wedding to Jim. The episode was written by Aaron Shure and directed by Randall Einhorn. According to Nielsen ratings, \"The Meeting\" was seen by 7.33 million U.S. households during its original broadcast, a drop from the previous week's season premiere episode, \"Gossip\". The episode received mixed reviews, with some commentators claiming it focused too much on plot development rather than humor. Michael (Steve Carell) becomes nervous when Jim (John Krasinski) has", "title": "The Meeting (The Office)" }, { "id": "13928842", "text": "when Michael discovers just how old Helene is turning, and breaks up with her. Meanwhile, Dwight offers to do nice things for all the members of the office so that they will owe him a specific favor, but Andy ruins his plans. Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam (Jenna Fischer) have constantly tried to avoid social contact with Michael (Steve Carell) and Helene (Linda Purl), Pam's mother. However, Pam relents on the occasion of Helene's birthday, saying there is \"no way out.\" Pam is disgusted that Michael picked a restaurant that she likes (she snaps that maybe Michael will start dating", "title": "Double Date (The Office)" }, { "id": "6649276", "text": "him a plate of ants on a log every day at 2:30 and spinning him in his chair until he's dizzy) that Pam likely would have been apprehensive about. Although he generally enjoys Erin's thoughtful treatment, his dismissive feelings towards Erin continue until \"Secretary's Day\" when he reluctantly agrees to take her out to lunch. Erin relishes the opportunity to spend time with her boss while Michael finds their conversation awkward and mentions that her then-boyfriend Andy Bernard was previously engaged to Angela Martin of which Erin was previously unaware, she is upset to learn this and ends her relationship", "title": "Michael Scott (The Office)" }, { "id": "13834341", "text": "feet in the ice machine. While he speaks to the camera crew, Helene is seen pulling Michael into her hotel room. The episode was written by Greg Daniels and Mindy Kaling, who plays Kelly Kapoor on the show, and directed by Paul Feig, his 13th directing credit for the series. The episode was initially assigned to Kaling, but Daniels said he was interested in contributing. The scene in which Jim cuts his tie off took seven takes and was written by Greg Daniels. In the original draft, the wedding was supposed to take place on the \"Booze Cruise\". The dance", "title": "Niagara (The Office)" }, { "id": "7634952", "text": "is revealed she packed an overnight bag in her car, implying she had planned to spend the night with Michael. Pam returns to the office and talks to her mother over the phone about Jim's statement. Jim enters the room and approaches her as she hastily hangs up. She begins to say something but Jim kisses her, and after hesitating, she returns the kiss, with the two staring at each other in silence. \"Casino Night\" was the first episode of the series written by Steve Carell. Initially, Carell suggested to executive producer Greg Daniels that an episode should revolve around", "title": "Casino Night" } ]

[ "Los Angeles Dodgers", "Chicago Cubs" ]

[ { "id": "20768553", "text": "2006 Cardinals. This was also Los Angeles first playoff series win where they did not win Game 1 since the 1988 NLCS. Cody Bellinger was named the NLCS MVP, becoming the youngest to win the award. 2018 NLCS (4–3): Los Angeles Dodgers beat Milwaukee Brewers 2018 National League Championship Series The 2018 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Milwaukee Brewers against the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series against the AL Champions, the Boston Red Sox. The series was the 49th in league", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20768530", "text": "2018 National League Championship Series The 2018 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Milwaukee Brewers against the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series against the AL Champions, the Boston Red Sox. The series was the 49th in league history, with Fox airing all games in the United States. This series was the first time two teams that won their division in a tiebreaker game faced each other in a playoff series, as well as the first postseason match-up between the Brewers and Dodgers.", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20768535", "text": "tiebreakers. The first ever such meeting was the 2018 National League Wild Card Game in which the Rockies defeated the Cubs and the second was the NLDS in which the Brewers defeated the Rockies. The 2018 NLCS winner will become the first tiebreaker team since the 2007 Colorado Rockies to reach the World Series. Los Angeles was 4–3 in their seven games against Milwaukee during this year's regular season. For the 2018 regular season. Brewers announcer and former MLB player Bob Uecker threw the ceremonial first pitch. Clayton Kershaw started game one for the Dodgers, while Gio González started for", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20963667", "text": "the 2019 championship game will be played in Grambling, Louisiana. The game was contested between two teams that had never before won a football national championship. On the visiting side of the scoreboard was the once-beaten, #7-ranked Benedictine Ravens, representing Benedictine College from Atchison, Kansas. The home team was the unbeaten, #1-ranked Morningside Mustangs, playing for Morningside College of Sioux City, Iowa. Benedictine was making its first appearance in the championship game while Morningside was appearing for the second time, losing the 2012 championship game in overtime to the Marian Knights. Morningside was led by the quarterback-receiver duo of Trent", "title": "2018 NAIA Football National Championship" }, { "id": "20012310", "text": "since 1988. Chris Taylor and Justin Turner were voted co-MVPs of the series. This was the third straight year the National League pennant winning team clinched at Wrigley Field. The Dodgers +20 run differential for the entire series is tied for the fourth largest in a postseason series. 2017 NLCS (4–1): Los Angeles Dodgers beat Chicago Cubs 2017 National League Championship Series The 2017 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Chicago Cubs for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2017 World Series. The series was a", "title": "2017 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "19260229", "text": "advanced to the national championship after winning the semifinal games hosted by the Sugar Bowl and Rose Bowl Game respectively in January 2018. The championship game was played at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia on January 8, 2018. The Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia was announced as the host site for the fourth College Football National Championship on November 4, 2015. The College Football Playoff (CFP) selection committee selected four teams to advance to the playoff: the Clemson Tigers, Oklahoma Sooners, Georgia Bulldogs, and Alabama Crimson Tide. The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Clemson Tigers in the 2018 Sugar Bowl", "title": "2018 College Football Playoff National Championship" }, { "id": "20910560", "text": "best record in the NL. They swept the Colorado Rockies in the 2018 National League Division Series, and advanced to the 2018 National League Championship Series. They then lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. With the loss, the Cubs finished the season as the top Wild Card. They lost to the Rockies in the Wild Card Game on October 2. 2018 National League Central tie-breaker game The 2018 National League Central tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2018 regular season, played between the Milwaukee Brewers and Chicago Cubs to determine the champion", "title": "2018 National League Central tie-breaker game" }, { "id": "20012297", "text": "2017 National League Championship Series The 2017 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Chicago Cubs for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2017 World Series. The series was a rematch of the 2016 NLCS, which Chicago won four games to two en route to their first World Series victory since 1908. This was just the 10th time two teams have met in at least two straight League Championship Series, which have existed since divisional play began in 1969. The Dodgers beat the Cubs in five games", "title": "2017 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "18465624", "text": "2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 to win their first title in franchise history. It was also a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX,", "title": "2017 NFL season" }, { "id": "20910548", "text": "2018 National League West tie-breaker game The 2018 National League West tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2018 regular season, played between the Colorado Rockies and Los Angeles Dodgers to determine the champion of the National League's (NL) West Division. It was played at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California on October 1, 2018. The game was won by Los Angeles, 5–2. The Dodgers became the second seed in the NL playoffs and advanced to play the NL East champion Atlanta Braves in the National League Division Series. The Rockies were hosted by the NL", "title": "2018 National League West tie-breaker game" }, { "id": "20910552", "text": "team to win six straight division championships since the New York Yankees won 13 straight from 1995-2007 and only the third overall (the Atlanta Braves won 14 from 1991-2005). With the victory, the Dodgers clinched the second seed in the NL postseason. They beat the Atlanta Braves in the 2018 National League Division Series in four games. The Dodgers defeated the Brewers in the 2018 National League Championship Series in seven games, and moved onto the World Series, where they lost in five games to the Boston Red Sox. With the loss, the Rockies were relegated to the second Wild", "title": "2018 National League West tie-breaker game" }, { "id": "20768529", "text": "back ahead in the sixth inning. A three-run home run by Machado in the seventh inning off of Chad Sobotka extended the lead to 6–2. The Dodgers bullpen held on and they won the game and the series, advancing to their third straight National League Championship Series. 2018 NLDS (3–1): Los Angeles Dodgers defeated Atlanta Braves. 2018 National League Division Series The 2018 National League Division Series were two best-of-five-game series to determine the participating teams of the 2018 National League Championship Series. The three divisional winners (seeded first through third) and a fourth team—the Wild Card Game winner—played in", "title": "2018 National League Division Series" }, { "id": "17257517", "text": "2016 game and Tampa, Florida (Raymond James Stadium) was selected to host the 2017 game. Four cities had submitted bids for the 2016 game: Glendale, Jacksonville (EverBank Field), New Orleans (Mercedes-Benz Superdome), and Tampa. Six metropolitan areas had been vying for the 2017 game: Tampa, the San Francisco Bay Area (Levi's Stadium), Minneapolis (U.S. Bank Stadium), San Antonio (Alamodome), South Florida (Hard Rock Stadium), and Jacksonville. The hosts for the 2019 and 2020 games were announced on November 4, 2015. The hosts for the 2021 through 2024 games were announced November 1, 2017. Since cities hosting College Football Playoff semifinal", "title": "College Football Playoff National Championship" }, { "id": "6829710", "text": "the Philadelphia Eagles beat the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX. The 2018 NFL season schedule was released in April. NBC's first telecast of the season was on September 6, 2018 featured the Super Bowl Champion Philadelphia Eagles defeating the Atlanta Falcons. For the ninth season in a row, the NFL placed a game against a World Series game, with the New Orleans Saints against the Minnesota Vikings, going up against the fifth (and final) game of the Fall Classic, between the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Boston Red Sox. This will also be the first", "title": "NBC Sunday Night Football" }, { "id": "20910553", "text": "Card spot. The Rockies defeated the Chicago Cubs in the 2018 National League Wild Card Game. They lost to the Brewers in the 2018 National League Division Series in three games. 2018 National League West tie-breaker game The 2018 National League West tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2018 regular season, played between the Colorado Rockies and Los Angeles Dodgers to determine the champion of the National League's (NL) West Division. It was played at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California on October 1, 2018. The game was won by Los Angeles, 5–2. The Dodgers", "title": "2018 National League West tie-breaker game" }, { "id": "17084788", "text": "2016 NFL season The 2016 NFL season was the 97th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 8, 2016, with the defending Super Bowl 50 champion Denver Broncos defeating the Carolina Panthers 21–20 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LI, the league's championship game on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston with the New England Patriots defeating the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in overtime. For the first time since the Houston Oilers relocated to Tennessee in , an NFL team relocated to another state, as the", "title": "2016 NFL season" }, { "id": "20583631", "text": "2018 NBL Finals The 2018 NBL Finals were the championship series of the 2017–18 NBL season and the conclusion of the season. The semi-finals started on 3 March and ended 9 March 2018. The Grand Final series started on 16 March and ended on 31 March 2018. Melbourne United won its fifth NBL championship title. The 2017–18 National Basketball League Finals will be played in March 2018 between the top four teams of the regular season, consisting of two best-of-three semi-final and one best-of-five final series, where the higher seed hosts the first, third and fifth games. The NBL tie-breaker", "title": "2018 NBL Finals" }, { "id": "20910556", "text": "2018 National League Central tie-breaker game The 2018 National League Central tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2018 regular season, played between the Milwaukee Brewers and Chicago Cubs to determine the champion of the National League's (NL) Central Division. It was played at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois on October 1, 2018. The Brewers won, 3–1, and became the top seed in the NL playoffs. The Cubs hosted the NL West runner-up Colorado Rockies in the NL Wild Card Game on October 2, with the Rockies advancing to face the Brewers in the National League", "title": "2018 National League Central tie-breaker game" }, { "id": "19876806", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season The 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The regular season began on August 26, 2017 and ended on December 9, 2017. The Alabama Crimson Tide and Georgia Bulldogs played in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship. Alabama defeated Georgia in overtime by a score of 26–23 on a game-winning touchdown pass from Tua Tagovailoa to Devonta Smith. Alabama claimed its 17th national title in school history, the most of any current", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season" }, { "id": "20435987", "text": "prior to the championship. 2017 NAIA Football National Championship The 2017 NAIA Football National Championship was a four-round, sixteen team tournament played between November 18 and December 16 of 2017. The tournament will conclude on December 16 with a single game, played as the 62nd Annual NAIA Football National Championship . The game featured two undefeated teams that met in the semifinal round of the 2016 tournament, including the defending national champions, the #1-ranked Saint Francis Cougars. Their opponent was the #2-ranked Reinhardt Eagles, in only the 5th year of the program's existence. In the end, it was Saint Francis", "title": "2017 NAIA Football National Championship" }, { "id": "20768533", "text": "League Championship Series and second in the National League, their prior NL appearance being a 2011 NLCS loss to the St. Louis Cardinals in six games. Milwaukee also appeared in and won the 1982 ALCS, occurring during their 29 year stay in the American League. Like the Brewers, the Dodgers won the National League West in a tie-breaker game, defeating the Colorado Rockies at Dodger Stadium for their sixth straight division title. The Dodgers then beat the Atlanta Braves in four games in the NLDS. This is the Dodgers’ third straight appearance in the NLCS, and their fourth appearance in", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20435984", "text": "2017 NAIA Football National Championship The 2017 NAIA Football National Championship was a four-round, sixteen team tournament played between November 18 and December 16 of 2017. The tournament will conclude on December 16 with a single game, played as the 62nd Annual NAIA Football National Championship . The game featured two undefeated teams that met in the semifinal round of the 2016 tournament, including the defending national champions, the #1-ranked Saint Francis Cougars. Their opponent was the #2-ranked Reinhardt Eagles, in only the 5th year of the program's existence. In the end, it was Saint Francis that prevailed by a", "title": "2017 NAIA Football National Championship" }, { "id": "19950296", "text": "in the CFP Semi-final in the Sugar Bowl over Clemson and Georgia's overtime win over Oklahoma in the Rose Bowl, Alabama and Georgia, who did not play during SEC play, were slated to play on January 8, 2018 in the Mercedes-Benz Dome in Atlanta, Georgia for the 2018 College Football National Championship Game. This game marked the first time ex-Defensive Coordinator for Alabama Kirby Smart, head coach of Georgia faced off against his mentor Nick Saban. Alabama won the coin toss and elected to defer. On Georgia's opening drive, Alabama's Tony Brown intercepted a pass intended for Georgia's Riley Ridley,", "title": "2017 Alabama Crimson Tide football team" }, { "id": "20659776", "text": "after Harrogate Town lost 3–1 to Bradford Park Avenue. Havant & Waterlooville were crowned 2017-18 National League South champions on 28 April 2018 after a 3–2 victory over Concord Rangers. On 13 May 2018, Harrogate Town were promoted after a 3–0 win against Brackley Town in the 2017–18 National League North playoff final. All three teams will play in the National League for the first time in their History. On the same day as Harrogate's promotion, Braintree Town were also promoted after beating Hampton & Richmond 4–3 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in the 2017–18 National League South playoff", "title": "2018–19 National League" }, { "id": "4715409", "text": "and won the NL Central by defeating the Chicago Cubs by a score of 3-1 in a tiebreaker game. The Brewers advanced to the National League Championship Series after a sweep of the Colorado Rockies in the National League Division Series. The Brewers won the first and sixth games of the 2018 National League Championship Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers at Miller Park in Milwaukee and the third game of the series at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, before falling to the Dodgers in seven games. Counsell thus became only the second Brewers manager to lead the team to", "title": "Craig Counsell" }, { "id": "20244370", "text": "2018 Rose Bowl The 2018 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game between the Oklahoma Sooners and the Georgia Bulldogs, played on January 1, 2018 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. The 104th Rose Bowl Game was a semifinal for the College Football Playoff (CFP), matching two of the top four teams selected by the system's selection committee. Georgia and Oklahoma competed for a spot at the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship game, to be played on January 8, 2018 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The Georgia Bulldogs won the game with a 27-yard run", "title": "2018 Rose Bowl" }, { "id": "19260241", "text": "2019 College Football Playoff National Championship The 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship is a college football bowl game that will determine a national champion in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2018 season. It will be played at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California on January 7, 2019, and will be the culminating game of the 2018–19 bowl season. The teams playing in the national championship will be the winners of the two semifinal games – the Orange Bowl and the Cotton Bowl. Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California was announced as the host site for", "title": "2019 College Football Playoff National Championship" }, { "id": "20768458", "text": "2018 National League Wild Card Game The 2018 National League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball's 2018 postseason between the National League's two wild card teams, the Colorado Rockies and the Chicago Cubs. The Cubs earned home field advantage by virtue of having a better regular season record. The game occurred on October 2, 2018, with the Rockies victorious by a score of 2–1 in 13 innings—the longest winner-take-all game in MLB history. The Rockies advanced to face the Milwaukee Brewers in the National League Division Series. For sponsorship reasons with Hankook Tire the game", "title": "2018 National League Wild Card Game" }, { "id": "19260228", "text": "2018 College Football Playoff National Championship The 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship was a college football bowl game that determined a national champion in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2017 season. The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 26–23, coming back from a 13–0 deficit at halftime to secure the win in overtime. True freshman quarterback Tua Tagovailoa and defensive tackle Daron Payne were respectively named the offensive and defensive players of the game. The College Football Playoff selection committee chose the semifinalists following the conclusion of the 2017 regular season. Alabama and Georgia", "title": "2018 College Football Playoff National Championship" }, { "id": "20768551", "text": "in history with the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Boston Red Sox. The starting pitchers—Walker Buehler for Los Angeles and Jhoulys Chacín for Milwaukee—were the same as Game 3, won by the Brewers. Hall of Fame inductee and former Brewer Robin Yount threw the ceremonial first pitch. Christian Yelich homered off Buehler in the first inning to give the Brewers the early lead and then Cody Bellinger hit a two-run homer in the second to put the Dodgers on top. Chacín only pitched the first two innings, allowing two runs on three hits and one walk. Buehler pitched 4 innings, allowing", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20401095", "text": "team to win six straight division championships since the New York Yankees won nine straight from 1998-2006 and only the third overall (the Atlanta Braves won 14 from 1991-2005). They opened the playoffs by defeating the Atlanta Braves in four games in the Division Series and defeated the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the National League Championship Series. It was the third straight NLCS appearance for the Dodgers, a franchise record and the second consecutive National League pennant. They lost to the Boston Red Sox in the 2018 World Series, their second straight World Series loss. The Dodgers became", "title": "2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season" }, { "id": "20830066", "text": "entered the playoffs as a second seed and went on to beat the Atlanta Braves in four games in the 2018 National League Division Series and the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the 2018 National League Championship Series, becoming the first team in either league to win Game 7 of a League Championship Series on the road since the 2006 Cardinals. The 2018 Dodgers were the first team to make the World Series by winning their tie-breaker game since the 2007 Colorado Rockies, who also faced Boston in that World Series. This was the Dodgers' fifth back-to-back World Series", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "20110827", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The game was played on April 2, 2018, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, between the Michigan Wolverines and the Villanova Wildcats. Michigan last won the NCAA championship in 1989, while Villanova won the championship in 2016. Villanova defeated Michigan, 79–62. Donte DiVincenzo, a reserve player, scored 31 points for Villanova, and was named the", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game" }, { "id": "19135819", "text": "2018 NFL season The 2018 NFL season is the 99th season of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 6, 2018, with the NFL Kickoff Game with the defending Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles defeating the Atlanta Falcons 18–12. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIII, the league's championship game, on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The 2018 NFL League year and trading period began on March 14. On March 9, clubs were allowed to exercise options for 2018 on players who have option clauses in their contracts, submit qualifying offers", "title": "2018 NFL season" }, { "id": "19509875", "text": "his Game 2 magic, giving up five runs and two home runs, being replaced in the sixth inning. Relief pitcher Kenley Jansen shut out the Cubs for three innings in the loss. Javier Báez and Jon Lester won NLCS co-Most Valuable Player honors. 2016 NLCS (4–2): Chicago Cubs beat Los Angeles Dodgers. 2016 National League Championship Series The 2016 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff in which the Chicago Cubs defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland Indians. As winners of", "title": "2016 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20244424", "text": "2018 Sugar Bowl The 2018 Sugar Bowl was a College Football Playoff semifinal bowl game that was played on January 1, 2018 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The 84th Sugar Bowl game, it matched two of the top four teams selected by the Selection Committee to compete for a spot at the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship played on January 8, 2018, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. It was one of the 2017–18 bowl games that concluded the 2017 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Allstate insurance company, the game is officially known as the Allstate", "title": "2018 Sugar Bowl" }, { "id": "19644848", "text": "third best prospect going into the 2018 season. He began 2018 with Milwaukee, but was optioned to Colorado Springs in early April. He opened Game 1 of the NLDS against the Colorado Rockies, pitching three scoreless innings in the Brewers' eventual 3–2 win. In Game 1 of the 2018 National League Championship Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Woodruff hit a home run off of Clayton Kershaw. He became the 22nd pitcher and the 3rd relief pitcher in postseason history to accomplish the feat. Woodruff also became the only pitcher in baseball postseason history to hit a home run lefty", "title": "Brandon Woodruff" }, { "id": "16468931", "text": "competition have colored the media surrounding the 2018 NFL season particularly. National Football League controversies The National Football League (NFL) is the premier professional American football league in the United States, and is also one of the major North American professional sports leagues. However, the NFL is not without its share of controversies. Many of the recent controversies have surrounded NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell, player conduct, and/or the league's role in player safety. The 1925 NFL Championship, officially held by the Chicago Cardinals, has been the subject of controversy since it was awarded. Under the league rules during that time,", "title": "National Football League controversies" }, { "id": "19260230", "text": "by a score of 24–6 to reach the championship game. The Tide had a 12–1 season, becoming the SEC West Division co-champions with the Auburn Tigers. The Crimson Tide were coached by Nick Saban. The Georgia Bulldogs defeated the Oklahoma Sooners in the 2018 Rose Bowl by a score of 54–48 in double overtime to reach the championship game. The Bulldogs had a 13–1 season claiming their 13th Southeastern Conference (SEC) championship with a win over Auburn Tigers, 28–7. The Bulldogs were coached by Kirby Smart. † = 2017 All-American After winning the coin toss, Alabama deferred to the second", "title": "2018 College Football Playoff National Championship" }, { "id": "19900445", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season The 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The 2017 National Championship game was played on January 6, 2018 in Frisco, Texas. The North Dakota State Bison beat the James Madison Dukes, 17–13 to capture their 6th title in 7 years. In addition, this was the final year for Campbell in the Pioneer Football League. In November 2016, the school announced that it would transition to scholarship", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season" }, { "id": "20768515", "text": "2018 National League Division Series The 2018 National League Division Series were two best-of-five-game series to determine the participating teams of the 2018 National League Championship Series. The three divisional winners (seeded first through third) and a fourth team—the Wild Card Game winner—played in two series. These matchups were: The higher-seeded team in each series hosted Games 1, 2, and 5 (if necessary), and the lower seeded team hosted Games 3 and 4 (if necessary). Under sponsorship agreements with Doosan, the series was formally known as the National League Division Series presented by Doosan. The Brewers and the Dodgers won", "title": "2018 National League Division Series" }, { "id": "9050278", "text": "Bears, in which Oregon won. The stadium is the home of the Redbox Bowl and since 2014 has served as the host for the Pac-12 Championship Game. In November 2015, it was announced that Levi's Stadium would host the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship, making it the first time the game will be played there. Levi's Stadium Levi's Stadium is a football stadium located in Santa Clara, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It has served as the home venue for the National Football League (NFL)'s San Francisco 49ers since 2014. The stadium is located approximately south of", "title": "Levi's Stadium" }, { "id": "20768534", "text": "the past six seasons. Overall, this is their 13th NLCS trip, tying the Cardinals for most appearances by a team. This is the first ever playoff matchup between the Brewers and Dodgers. The two cities did meet with the pennant on the line in 1959 when the Dodgers beat the Milwaukee Braves (now the Atlanta Braves) in a best-of-three playoff. However, MLB counts the tie-breaker series as regular season games. This is also the first ever League Championship Series between two teams that won tiebreakers, and only the third postseason meeting of any sort between two MLB teams involved in", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "17257518", "text": "games cannot host the championship game in the same year, Pasadena and New Orleans were not eligible for the 2018 game; South Florida and Arlington could not host in 2019; and Glendale and Atlanta were excluded from 2020 consideration. The same exclusions rotate every three years through 2026. Note: Conference affiliations are contemporaneous with the game, which may differ from the current alignment. College Football Playoff National Championship The College Football Playoff National Championship is a post-season college football bowl game, used to determine a national champion of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), which began play in", "title": "College Football Playoff National Championship" }, { "id": "20110834", "text": "180 countries. In Canada, the game aired on TSN. Radio coverage in the United States was provided by Westwood One. 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The game was played on April 2, 2018, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, between the Michigan Wolverines and the Villanova Wildcats. Michigan last won the NCAA championship in 1989, while Villanova won the championship", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game" }, { "id": "3557525", "text": "announced that Nationals Park was selected by Major League Baseball to host the 2018 All Star Game. In 2016, the Nationals acquired Mets infielder Daniel Murphy, who has made the All Star Game in each of his two years as a National. On July 31, 2018, the Nationals set a scoring record with a 25-4 win over the Mets. The Montreal Expos-Washington Nationals franchise is the only National League franchise and one of only two MLB franchises – with the American League′s Seattle Mariners – which has never reached the World Series. Although the Expos won one postseason series —", "title": "Washington Nationals" }, { "id": "20527089", "text": "Championship since 2005, defeating Auburn 28–7. Georgia was selected to play in the College Football Playoff for the first time in school history as the #3 seed to face the #2 seed Oklahoma in the Rose Bowl. In an instant classic, Georgia roared back from a 14 point halftime deficit to defeat Oklahoma 54–48 in 2 overtimes earning their first National Championship game appearance. In the National Championship, Georgia was defeated by Alabama 26–23 in overtime. Georgia finished the season 13–2. The SEC media poll was released on July 20, 2018, with the Bulldogs predicted to win the SEC East", "title": "2018 Georgia Bulldogs football team" }, { "id": "19714512", "text": "led the Tide to a 13–1 season, giving them a playoff spot as a #4 seed, where they played Clemson in the 2018 Sugar Bowl. Hurts was the offensive MVP in that game, with Da'Ron Payne being the defensive MVP in a 24–6 win over the Tigers. Hurts was benched at halftime of the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship for true freshman Tua Tagovailoa. Hurts won his first National Championship as the Crimson Tide defeated the Bulldogs by a score of 26–23 in overtime. Overall, he finished the 2017 season with 2,081 passing yards, 17 passing touchdowns, and one", "title": "Jalen Hurts" }, { "id": "20768538", "text": "Chris Taylor hit an RBI triple in the ninth off Corey Knebel, who managed to retire Justin Turner to save the 6–5 win for the Brewers. Brandon Woodruff became only the third relief pitcher in major league history to homer in a postseason game, matching the feat of Rosy Ryan (in Game 3 of the 1924 World Series) and Travis Wood (in Game 2 of the 2016 NLDS). Former Brewers All-Star player Prince Fielder threw the ceremonial first pitch. Hyun-jin Ryu started the second game for the Dodgers and Wade Miley for the Brewers. The game remained scoreless into the", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20192800", "text": "teams are Bishop's Stortford and Caldy, champions of the 2016–17 National League 2 South and 2016–17 National League 2 North respectively, and Old Elthamians who won the promotion play-off against Sale FC. National League 1 is the highest level all three of these sides have ever reached. 68 – 15 Plymouth Albion at home to Fylde on 23 September 2017 64 – 0 Coventry away to Fylde on 14 October 2017 81 – 33 Loughborough Students away to Fylde on 21 April 2018 81 – 33 Loughborough Students away to Fylde on 21 April 2018 Bishop's Stortford at home to", "title": "2017–18 National League 1" }, { "id": "19732946", "text": "in scoring position and walking nine Nationals hitters, the Cubs won the 4-hour 37-minute game 9-8 and the series 3-2 and advanced to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 National League Championship Series. Although they had 23 baserunners in the game, 13 of whom they left on base, the Nationals' season ended with elimination in the NLDS, as in their previous three postseason appearances, and it was the third time that they had played Game 5 of an NLDS at home and lost, the only MLB team other than the Oakland Athletics to lose more than one NLDS", "title": "2017 Washington Nationals season" }, { "id": "19260237", "text": "but immediately followed that with a game-winning 41-yard touchdown pass to DeVonta Smith, in a play that has since been called \"2nd and 26\" by fans. Tagovailoa was named the offensive player of the game, and Daron Payne was named the defensive player of the game. The game was televised nationally by ESPN. On January 8, 2018, the network announced that its broadcast would feature a live performance by Kendrick Lamar during halftime. This performance was separate from the event proper at Mercedes-Benz Stadium (which featured a traditional halftime show with the marching bands of the participating teams), and originated", "title": "2018 College Football Playoff National Championship" }, { "id": "4701659", "text": "NFC Championship Game The NFC Championship Game (also unofficially referred to as the NFC Title Game) is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the National Football Conference (NFC). The winner then advances to face the winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League (AFL), with", "title": "NFC Championship Game" }, { "id": "20496818", "text": "2018 NAPB season The 2018 NAPB season was the inaugural season for the North American Premier Basketball. For 2018, the league consists of eight teams: the Albany Patroons, Kansas City Tornados, Kentucky Thoroughbreds, Nevada Desert Dogs, Ohio Cardinals, Rochester Razorsharks, Vancouver Knights, and Yakima SunKings. The Ohio Cardinals were replaced after 23 games by the Ohio Bootleggers, team operated by the ownership of the Vancouver Knights, which at that point had begun playing as a travel team. The season ended with the SunKings defeating the Patroons 2-games-to-none in the best-of-three finals to win the inaugural NAPB championship. <section begin=2018 standings/>", "title": "2018 NAPB season" }, { "id": "9451363", "text": "his career. Clemson won the ACC championship and secured its second trip to the CFP National Championship with a 31–0 shutout of semi-finalist #3 Ohio State in the 2016 Fiesta Bowl. The Tigers competed in the College Football Playoff National Championship game in Tampa, Florida on January 9, 2017, beating the previously undefeated Alabama Crimson Tide 35–31 on a game-winning touchdown with one second remaining, and winning the 2016 National Championship. The Clemson-South Carolina rivalry which dates back to 1896 is the largest annual sporting event in terms of ticket sales in the state of South Carolina. From 1896 to", "title": "Clemson Tigers football" }, { "id": "20768541", "text": "Former Dodgers All-Star player Andre Ethier threw the ceremonial first pitch. The Dodgers' starting pitcher was Walker Buehler, while the Brewers started Jhoulys Chacín. The Brewers scored in the top of the first inning, when Christian Yelich walked and Ryan Braun drove him in with a double. The Brewers added a second run in the sixth inning when Travis Shaw tripled and then scored on a wild pitch by Buehler. Chacín pitched 5 innings, and allowed only three hits and two walks while striking out six batters. Orlando Arcia hit a two-run homer in the seventh to put the Brewers", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "12557072", "text": "the 2016 season. The Argos first home game was on September 10, 2016 at Blue Wahoos Stadium against Missouri S&T Miners. In 2017, the Argonauts advanced to the national championship game. where they lost to Texas A&M–Commerce. Official record (including any NCAA imposed vacates and forfeits) against all current GSC opponents: West Florida has had 18 Major League Baseball Draft selections since the draft began in 1965. West Florida Argonauts The West Florida Argonauts are composed of 16 NCAA sports teams which make up the athletic program for the University of West Florida. UWF intercollegiate athletics compete in the NCAA", "title": "West Florida Argonauts" }, { "id": "20768516", "text": "their respective series to advance to the Championship Series. The Brewers entered the NLDS as the top seed, having completed the regular season with a record of 96–67 and winning the NL Central via a tie-breaker game. The second-seeded Dodgers went 92–71 in the NL West, also winning their division via a tie-breaker game. The NL East champion Braves were seeded third via their 90–72 record. The final participant was the winner of the NL Wild Card Game, the Rockies. This was the 14th NLDS appearance for Atlanta, 13th for Los Angeles, fourth for Colorado, and third for Milwaukee (who", "title": "2018 National League Division Series" }, { "id": "20121907", "text": "won the game 42–35, and went on to win the 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship. The championship game had been hosted in Charlotte, North Carolina from 2010 to 2015, and had been slated to host through at least 2019. However, in response to North Carolina's Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act (HB2), the ACC voted in September 2016 to move the 2016 championship out of North Carolina. Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida was chosen as a replacement site for the 2016 game. ACC Commissioner John Swofford delayed the decision on where to hold the 2017 football Championship Game", "title": "2017 ACC Championship Game" }, { "id": "20468682", "text": "2018 New England Patriots season The 2018 season is the New England Patriots' 49th season in the National Football League, their 59th overall and their 19th under head coach Bill Belichick. The Patriots entered the season as two-time defending AFC champions, and will attempt to become only the third team in NFL history to appear in three consecutive Super Bowls (after the 1990–93 Buffalo Bills and the 1971–73 Miami Dolphins, who are also coincidentally AFC East teams). The Patriots' losses to the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 2 and the Detroit Lions in Week 3 marked the franchise's first back-to-back double-digit", "title": "2018 New England Patriots season" }, { "id": "20401094", "text": "2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season The 2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 129th for the franchise in Major League Baseball, and their 60th season in Los Angeles, California. They played their home games at Dodger Stadium. The Dodgers suffered a season-ending injury to star shortstop Corey Seager early in the season and started the season 16-26, but went 76-45 to close out the season. Rookie pitcher Walker Buehler had a break out season. They defeated the Colorado Rockies in the 2018 National League West tie-breaker game to claim their sixth straight National League West Championship and became the first", "title": "2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season" }, { "id": "19479779", "text": "received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as a No. 1 seed in the South region. There they defeated No. 16 Texas Southern, No. 8 Arkansas, No. 4 Butler, and No. 2 Kentucky to earn a trip to their 20th Final Four. In a matchup against the Midwest Region's No. 3 seed Oregon in the Final Four, the Tar Heels won 77–76 to advance to the National Championship. In the championship against the West Region's No. 1 seed Gonzaga, the Tar Heels won 71–65, winning the school's sixth national championship. !colspan=12 style=|Exhibition !colspan=12 style=|Non-conference regular season !colspan=12 style=|ACC Regular", "title": "2017–18 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team" }, { "id": "19002175", "text": "Washington Nationals on July 1, 2017. He was outrighted to Memphis on November 6, 2017. Mejia spent all of 2018 with Memphis, compiling a .273 batting average with four home runs and 35 RBIs in 108 games. He helped lead Memphis to the 2018 Triple-A National Championship Game, where they defeated the Durham Bulls 14-4. Mejia was named the MVP of the game after going five-for-five with five RBIs. He elected free agency on November 2, 2018. Mejia's father, Carlo, was named an All-American while playing college baseball for Pepperdine University in 1975, and played professionally in the Mexican League.", "title": "Alex Mejia" }, { "id": "20955384", "text": "ABC, replacing Fox's broadcast television simulcast of NFL Network in 2018. ABC's coverage will cater towards a mainstream audience and be hosted by the panel of ESPN's \"College GameDay\", while ESPN and NFL Network will continue to carry more conventional coverage of the draft. 2019 NFL season The 2019 NFL season will be the 100th season of the National Football League. (NFL) The season will tentatively begin on September 5, 2019 in the home team of the Super Bowl LIII champion. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIV, the league's championship game, tentatively scheduled for February 2, 2020 at", "title": "2019 NFL season" }, { "id": "19886349", "text": "the second seed hosting the third seed, with the winners of these games facing in the 2017 NAL Championship hosted by the highest remaining seed. For 2017, the NAL will consist of eight teams in a single-table format (no divisions or conferences). Four of the teams (Corpus Christi Rage, Dayton Wolfpack, High Country Grizzlies and Monterrey Steel) are playing their inaugural seasons, with three teams (Columbus Lions, Georgia Firebirds, Lehigh Valley Steelhawks) joining from the now-defunct American Indoor Football, and one team (Jacksonville Sharks) joining from the Arena Football League. Each team was scheduled for 12 games (6 home and", "title": "2017 National Arena League season" }, { "id": "16769188", "text": "Georgia and Auburn would meet in Mercedes Benz Stadium, in what would be a rematch from early regular season meeting. Looking to avenge their loss from week 11, Georgia would go on to defeat Auburn 28-7 and claim the 2017 SEC Conference Championship. On November 4, 2015, it was announced that the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship would be held at the stadium on January 8, 2018, beating out Houston, Miami Gardens, and Santa Clara. On Sunday December 3, 2017, four teams were selected by the College Football Playoff Committee to compete in the College Football Playoff Semifinals, with", "title": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium" }, { "id": "19964026", "text": "2017 Football NSW season The Football NSW 2017 season is the fifth season of football in New South Wales under the banner of the National Premier Leagues. The competition consists of four divisions across the state of New South Wales. The Premiers of the NPL NSW Men's 1 qualify for the national finals, where they will play off against other premiers from the 7 other states playing in the competition, to decide the champion of the 2017 National Premier Leagues, the winner of which will receive a spot in the 2018 FFA Cup. The National Premier League New South Wales", "title": "2017 Football NSW season" }, { "id": "20166022", "text": "qualification, the league took a break during the newly created FIBA international windows of 20–28 November 2017 and 19–27 February 2018. China won the series 2-1. Adelaide 36ers won the tournament. Sydney Kings won the tournament. A pre-season tournament featuring all eight teams was held on 7–9 September 2017 in Traralgon, Victoria and on 10 September 2017 in Melbourne. The winners received the fifth annual Loggins-Bruton Cup. Melbourne United won the 2017 NBL Blitz championship. The 2017–18 National Basketball League Finals were played in March 2018, consisting of two best-of-three semi-final series and the best-of-five Grand Final series. In the", "title": "2017–18 NBL season" }, { "id": "20016989", "text": "2017 National League Division Series The 2017 National League Division Series were two best-of-five-game series to determine the participating teams of the 2017 National League Championship Series. The three divisional winners (seeded 1-3) and a fourth team—the winner of a one-game Wild Card playoff— played in two series. These matchups were: The higher seeded team in each series hosted Games 1, 2, and 5 (if necessary), and the lower seeded team hosted Games 3 and 4 (if necessary). For the first time, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; T-Mobile US acquired presenting sponsorship to", "title": "2017 National League Division Series" }, { "id": "20017015", "text": "2017 National League Division Series The 2017 National League Division Series were two best-of-five-game series to determine the participating teams of the 2017 National League Championship Series. The three divisional winners (seeded 1-3) and a fourth team—the winner of a one-game Wild Card playoff— played in two series. These matchups were: The higher seeded team in each series hosted Games 1, 2, and 5 (if necessary), and the lower seeded team hosted Games 3 and 4 (if necessary). For the first time, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; T-Mobile US acquired presenting sponsorship to", "title": "2017 National League Division Series" }, { "id": "19950264", "text": "Clemson in a rubber match of the past two playoffs in the semi-final game played at the 2018 Sugar Bowl, which they won 24–6. Alabama was matched in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship game against number 3 and SEC champion and rival Georgia, who beat Oklahoma in the 2018 Rose Bowl, 54–48. Alabama won in overtime, 26–23, to secure the CFP National Championship. Alabama was also selected as champions by the Associated Press (AP) for a record 11th time in program history and recognized by the National Football Foundation (NFF) as the McArthur Bowl recipient, giving Alabama their", "title": "2017 Alabama Crimson Tide football team" }, { "id": "20963666", "text": "2018 NAIA Football National Championship The 2018 NAIA Football National Championship was a four-round, sixteen team tournament played between November 17 and December 15 of 2018. The tournament concluded on December 15 with a single game, played as the 63rd Annual NAIA Football National Championship. The championship game was played at Municipal Stadium in Daytona Beach, Florida. This was the 5th consecutive time the championship game was played at this venue after the prior six games had been played at Barron Stadium in Rome, Georgia. It was also the final game played at this venue after it was announced that", "title": "2018 NAIA Football National Championship" }, { "id": "20793415", "text": "2017 and began play in April 2018. Seattle and Glendale played each other twice during the regular season, with Glendale winning both matches. Torero Stadium, home field of Major League Rugby team San Diego Legion, was selected as the venue for the final before the beginning of the Championship Series playoffs. The stadium with a seating capacity of 6,000 on the campus of the University of San Diego is also home to the various athletics teams of the university. The match was broadcast on CBS Sports Network. The champion Seattle Seawolves was awarded the \"America's Championship Shield\", an oversized metal", "title": "2018 Major League Rugby Final" }, { "id": "14245783", "text": "by defeating the Central Penn Piranhas 16-6. In 2016, the Albany Metro Mallers would play for the National Championship in DeLand, Florida vs. Midwest (MO) Chargers. They went on to win 38-6, and became the 2016 National Champions. In 2017, the Albany Metro Mallers would play for the National Championship once again, in DeLand, Florida at Stetson University vs. PAFL (Premier Amateur Football League) Champions Columbus (OH) Fire. The Mallers lost 13-6. Quarterback Scott Lawson, who has been with the Mallers since 1990, broke the all-time semipro football record for the most touchdown passes in a career when he threw", "title": "Albany Metro Mallers" }, { "id": "20280812", "text": "North Dakota State to advance to the National Championship Game, where they defeated Youngstown State. This was their first national championship since 2004. 2017 James Madison Dukes football team The 2017 James Madison Dukes football team represented James Madison University during the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by second-year head coach Mike Houston and played their home games at Bridgeforth Stadium and Zane Showker Field. They are a member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA). They finished the season 14–1 overall with an 8–0 mark in CAA play to win the conference title and also", "title": "2017 James Madison Dukes football team" }, { "id": "20963670", "text": "certain minor modifications given based on geographic considerations. Each subsequent round will be re-seeded based on the rankings of all teams advancing to that round. Quarterfinal pairings were announced by the NAIA on November 17, after the first round results were known. Semifinal pairings were confirmed by the NAIA on November 24, soon after completion of the day's quarterfinal games. 2018 NAIA Football National Championship The 2018 NAIA Football National Championship was a four-round, sixteen team tournament played between November 17 and December 15 of 2018. The tournament concluded on December 15 with a single game, played as the 63rd", "title": "2018 NAIA Football National Championship" }, { "id": "20601760", "text": "2018 Cotton Bowl Classic The 2018 Cotton Bowl Classic will be a college football bowl game played on December 29, 2018 at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The 83rd Cotton Bowl Classic is a College Football Playoff semifinal with the winner to compete in the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship. It is one of the 2018–19 bowl games that will conclude the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, the game will officially be known as the College Football Playoff Semifinal at the Goodyear Cotton Bowl Classic. The game will feature second-ranked Clemson of", "title": "2018 Cotton Bowl Classic" }, { "id": "20012298", "text": "to win the NL pennant for the first time in 29 years, their last one in 1988. This was the first time in history that the NLCS and ALCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; this NLCS was sponsored by Camping World and was officially known as the \"National League Championship Series presented by Camping World\". The Dodgers would go on to lose to the Houston Astros in the World Series in seven games.", "title": "2017 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "964328", "text": "Arena at Gwinnett Center. On July 20, 2015 the Edmonton Rush announced they would be relocating to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan to become the Saskatchewan Rush and play in the SaskTel Centre. In their first season in Saskatoon, the Rush won the league title. On August 30, 2017, the NLL announced a new franchise for San Diego to begin play in the 2018-19 schedule. The San Diego Seals are owned by Joseph Tsai. Two weeks later on September 14 the league announced an eleventh franchise also to begin play in 2018-19, the return of the league to Philadelphia which has been without", "title": "National Lacrosse League" }, { "id": "20710011", "text": "announced and hired as the next coach of East Carolina, alongside nine staff members. The Dukes finished the 2017 season 14–1, 8–0 in CAA play to become CAA champions. They finished the regular season undefeated for the second time in school history (the other being 1975, before the Dukes joined the NCAA). In the FCS Playoffs they defeated Stony Brook, Weber State, and South Dakota State to advance to the FCS National Championship Game for the second consecutive year. They were unable to defend their 2016 National Championship, falling in the 2017 title game to North Dakota State. In the", "title": "2018 James Madison Dukes football team" }, { "id": "17473814", "text": "Super Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after", "title": "Super Bowl LII" }, { "id": "19554071", "text": "or Pacific time zones since the 1995 game, which was held at the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington. North Carolina was playing in its second consecutive title game (and eleventh overall), after losing to Villanova at the buzzer the previous year. Meanwhile, Gonzaga was playing in its first-ever title game. It was the second national title game in three years – and the eighth overall – to be played between two No. 1 seeds. In his seventeenth year at the helm, Gonzaga head coach Mark Few led the team to its first Final Four and national championship game in school history,", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game" }, { "id": "19554070", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. It determined the national champion for the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The game was played on April 3, 2017, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona between the Gonzaga Bulldogs and the North Carolina Tar Heels. North Carolina defeated Gonzaga, 71–65, to win its sixth men's basketball national championship. This was the first national championship game to be played in a state in either the Mountain", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game" }, { "id": "19732873", "text": "he earned the win in the 3−2 contest. Robles collected his first major league hit and RBI, driving in Sánchez with a double but being called out at third after he slid past the bag in an attempt to stretch the hit into a triple. With the Marlins losing to the Atlanta Braves the same day, the Nationals became the first team in the 2017 Major League Baseball season to clinch a spot in the playoffs and a division title, winning the National League East crown for the fourth time since their 2012 season. The Nationals were shut out in", "title": "2017 Washington Nationals season" }, { "id": "20121290", "text": "2017–18 National League The 2017–18 National League season, known as the Vanarama National League for sponsorship reasons, is the third season under English football's new title of National League, fourteenth season consisting of three divisions and the thirty-ninth season overall. The National League covers the top two levels of non-League football in England. The National League is the fifth highest level of the overall pyramid, while the National League North and National League South exist at the sixth level. The top team and the winner of the play-off of the Premier division will be promoted to English Football League Two,", "title": "2017–18 National League" }, { "id": "41888", "text": "National League Championship Series The National League Championship Series (NLCS) is a best-of-seven series played in October in the Major League Baseball postseason that determines the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The winner of the series advances to play the winner of the American League Championship Series (ALCS) in the World Series, Major League Baseball's championship series. Prior to 1969, the National League champion (the \"pennant winner\") was determined by the best win-loss record at the end of the regular season. There were four \"ad hoc\" three-game playoff series due to ties under this formulation (in 1946, 1951,", "title": "National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "10489191", "text": "capacity for the remainder of the Patriots 2012–13 season. On February 5, 2017, Daboll was part of the Patriots coaching staff that won Super Bowl LI. In the game, the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. Daboll returned to college football in 2017 as offensive coordinator for Nick Saban and the Alabama Crimson Tide, starting February 20, 2017. He helped Alabama reach the 2018 National Championship Game, where the Tide defeated the Georgia Bulldogs in overtime. On January 14, 2018, Daboll was named as the new offensive coordinator for the Buffalo Bills. Brian Daboll", "title": "Brian Daboll" }, { "id": "20598804", "text": "semifinal round, with the winners advancing to the National Championship game. The semifinal games for the 2018–19 season are the Cotton Bowl and the Orange Bowl. Both will be played on December 29 as part of a yearly rotation of three pairs of six bowls, commonly referred to as the CFP New Year's Six bowl games. The winners will advance to the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California on January 7. For the 2018–19 bowl season, the Gasparilla Bowl was re-located from Tropicana Field to Raymond James Stadium (which already hosts the Outback", "title": "2018–19 NCAA football bowl games" }, { "id": "22343", "text": "secured an 11–5 record and a first round bye. In the divisional round of the playoffs, Atlanta defeated the Seahawks 36–20 in the Georgia Dome, and hosted their last game at the Dome against the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2017. The Falcons defeated the Packers 44–21 to advance to Super Bowl LI as the NFC champions. Atlanta was up 28–3 late in the third quarter, and the New England Patriots scored 31 unanswered points, with the last 6 in the first-ever overtime in the Super Bowl. The Patriots' 25-point comeback was the largest", "title": "Atlanta Falcons" }, { "id": "20768545", "text": "lasted five hours and fifteen minutes, making it the second longest NLCS game; Game 5 of the 1999 NLCS had lasted five hours and forty-six minutes. Former Dodger All-Star Reggie Smith threw out the ceremonial first pitch. This game featured the second starts of the series for the Dodgers Clayton Kershaw and the Brewers Wade Miley, the latter of whom was pitching on short rest. Miley (who throws left-handed) walked the first batter he faced and was immediately removed by Brewers manager Craig Counsell in favor of Brandon Woodruff (who throws right-handed). The Brewers got on the board first in", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20768544", "text": "walks with six strikeouts. There was no further scoring through the end of regulation. In the 10th inning, benches briefly emptied after Manny Machado had contact with Milwaukee first baseman Jesús Aguilar on a ground out. In the bottom of the 13th, Machado singled with one out, and advanced to second on a wild pitch with two outs. Cody Bellinger hit a walk-off single to score Machado. Junior Guerra picked up the loss in his fourth inning of relief for Milwaukee, while Julio Urías, who had pitched the top of the 13th for Los Angeles, got the win. The game", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20280811", "text": "They received an automatic bid to the FCS playoffs, where they defeated Stony Brook, Weber State, and South Dakota State to advance to the National Championship Game for the second straight season, where they were defeated 17–13 by North Dakota State. In 2016, the Dukes finished the season with a 14–1 record, including an 8–0 mark in CAA play to win the conference title. They went undefeated in FCS play with their only loss coming to FBS North Carolina. They received an automatic bid to the FCS playoffs, where they defeated New Hampshire, Sam Houston State, and five-time defending champions", "title": "2017 James Madison Dukes football team" }, { "id": "964327", "text": "Championship Game (which the Stealth earned the right to host) had to be moved, due to a scheduling conflict with Comcast Arena, from Everett to Langley, where it was played before a sold out crowd. On July 11, 2014 Philadelphia Wings announced they would be relocating from Philadelphia after 28 years in the city. On August 5, the Wings announced they would be relocating to Uncasville, Connecticut and will play in the Mohegan Sun Arena. On May 29, 2015 the Minnesota Swarm announced they would be relocating to Duluth, Georgia to become the Georgia Swarm and will play in the", "title": "National Lacrosse League" }, { "id": "20002196", "text": "semifinal game to be played at the 2018 Rose Bowl on New Year's Day. Their opponent was the third-seeded Georgia Bulldogs, champions of the Southeastern Conference. It was the first ever match-up between the two schools. The Rose Bowl winner would go on to play in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship. Oklahoma lost in double overtime, 48–54, in a game many observers described as an \"instant classic\". It was the highest-ever scoring Rose Bowl game, and the first CFP game to go to overtime. The Sooners were the first to score, with a 13-yard pass from Baker Mayfield", "title": "2017 Oklahoma Sooners football team" }, { "id": "11924303", "text": "top two teams at the end of the regular season (as determined by internal rankings, or aggregates of the major polls and other statistics) to compete in what is intended to be the \"de facto\" national championship game. The current iteration of this practice, the College Football Playoff, selects four teams to participate in national semi-finals hosted by two of six partner bowl games, with their winners advancing to the College Football Playoff National Championship. The concept of a national championship in college football dates to the early years of the sport in the late 19th century, and the earliest", "title": "College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS" }, { "id": "20830071", "text": "the fifth inning after relieving Sale, got the win, while Kershaw took the loss for Los Angeles. Game 2 featured another matchup of left-handed pitchers; Boston started David Price, who got the win in Game 5 of the 2018 American League Championship Series, while Los Angeles started Hyun-jin Ryu, who took the loss in Game 6 of the 2018 National League Championship Series. The Red Sox again scored first, this time in the second inning, when Xander Bogaerts doubled and then scored on a single by Ian Kinsler. The Dodgers loaded the bases in the fourth inning and David Freese", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "19975464", "text": "single-elimination semifinal round, with the winners advancing to the National Championship game. The semifinal games were the Rose Bowl and the Sugar Bowl. Both were played on New Year's Day, as part of a yearly rotation of three pairs of six bowls, commonly referred to as the CFP New Year's Six bowl games. Their winners advanced to the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 8, 2018. On April 11, 2016, the NCAA announced a freeze on new bowl games until after the 2019 season. While bowl games had been the purview of", "title": "2017–18 NCAA football bowl games" }, { "id": "19509925", "text": "the Philadelphia Phillies, lost Games 3 and 4 but won Game 5 in Philadelphia. In the ensuing NLCS against the Dodgers, the Expos also blew a 2-1 lead and lost the pennant. With the win, the Dodgers advanced to the NLCS for the first time since 2013, with this being their fourth appearance in nine seasons. 2016 NLDS (3–2): Los Angeles Dodgers beat Washington Nationals. 2016 National League Division Series The 2016 National League Division Series were two best-of-five-game series to determine the participating teams in the 2016 National League Championship Series. The three divisional winners (seeded 1-3) and a", "title": "2016 National League Division Series" }, { "id": "20955374", "text": "2019 NFL season The 2019 NFL season will be the 100th season of the National Football League. (NFL) The season will tentatively begin on September 5, 2019 in the home team of the Super Bowl LIII champion. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIV, the league's championship game, tentatively scheduled for February 2, 2020 at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami, Florida. The 2019 NFL Draft will be held from April 25–27 in Nashville, Tennessee. Training Camps for the 2019 season will be held in late July through August. Teams will start training camp no earlier than 15 days before", "title": "2019 NFL season" }, { "id": "20768532", "text": "and becoming the most recent team since the Texas Rangers back in 2010 and 2011 to have consecutive World Series losses. The Brewers won the National League Central division for the first time since 2011 in a tie-breaker game over the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field, and then swept the Colorado Rockies in the National League Division Series. Dating back to the regular season, the Brewers had won 11 straight going into the NLCS. By virtue of their regular season record, highest in the league, the Brewers hold home-field advantage throughout the National League playoffs. This is the Brewers’ third", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" } ]

[ "Margaret Court" ]

[ { "id": "15053433", "text": "Alexander Zverev (2017–18) the record for most consecutive titles, with two. In the women's singles, Magdaléna Rybáriková (2012–13) holds the record for most titles (two) and co-holds the record for most finals (two) with Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova (runner-up in 2012, 2015). In the men's doubles, Marty Riessen (1971–72, 1974, 1979) and the Bryan brothers (2005–07, 2015) hold the record for most titles (four), with the Bryans also holding the record for most consecutive titles (three). The Bryans co-hold the record for most finals (six, runners-up in 2001–02) with Raúl Ramírez (winner in 1976, 1981–82, runner-up in 1975, 1978–79). In the women's", "title": "Washington Open (tennis)" }, { "id": "18554480", "text": "of Grand Slam titles. The current Grand Slams are the four most prestigious tournaments in the world held every year, they are distinguished by participation from almost every top player and by their two-week duration, 128-player draw in women's singles. It's extremely rare for a player to win all four events, \"the Grand Slam\", in one calendar year. This was only achieved three times since 1888 by Maureen Connolly, Margaret Court, and Steffi Graf, the latter of whom stands alone in winning the \"Golden Slam\". These are some of the important records since the start of women's tennis in 1884.", "title": "All-time tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "680784", "text": "payday in the history of tennis (men or women) at four million dollars. Additionally, Serena Williams has won the most Grand Slams (23 as of 2017) in the Open era, beating out tennis legend, Steffi Graf. Serena is only one behind Margaret Court for total singles titles in women's tennis. Her career prize money of $84 million is more than twice as much as any other female athletes. American sports entrepreneur Jerry Diamond (1928–1996) served as executive director of the women's association from 1974 to 1985. He was instrumental in negotiating business deals with Avon, Colgate-Palmolive, and Toyota, and worked", "title": "Women's Tennis Association" }, { "id": "18554477", "text": "All-time tennis records – women's singles Overall tennis records – women's singles covers the period 1884 to present. Before the beginning of the Open era in April 1968, only amateurs were allowed to compete in established tennis tournaments, including the four Grand Slams. Wimbledon, the oldest of the Majors, was founded in 1877, followed by the US Open in 1881, the French Open in 1891, and the Australian Open in 1905. Beginning in 1905 and continuing to the present day, all four majors have been played yearly, with the exception of the two World Wars and 1986 for the Australian", "title": "All-time tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "1616777", "text": "won the women's singles title at Wimbledon a record nine times (surpassing Helen Wills Moody's eight Wimbledon titles), including a run of six consecutive titles, widely regarded as the best performance by any professional player at a major event. She and Billie Jean King each won 20 combined Wimbledon titles, an all-time record. Navratilova is also one of just three women ever to have accomplished a Career Grand Slam in women's singles and doubles, and mixed doubles (called the Grand Slam \"boxed set\"), a distinction she shares only with Margaret Court and Doris Hart. Navratilova holds the records for most", "title": "Martina Navratilova" }, { "id": "1432160", "text": "Serena Williams Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranked her world No. 1 in singles on eight separate occasions between 2002 and 2017. She reached the No. 1 ranking for the first time on July 8, 2002. On her sixth occasion, she held the ranking for 186 consecutive weeks, tying the record set by Steffi Graf. In total, she has been No. 1 for 319 weeks, which ranks third in the \"Open Era\" among female players behind Graf and Martina Navratilova. Williams holds the most Grand Slam titles", "title": "Serena Williams" }, { "id": "18554484", "text": "formulas assigning points for wins or losses. Notes: Sources that are as authoritative as can be found in the men's article are also quoted in the women's can also be found here: ranking sources. See the Open Era records page since the leaders are all in that era. All-time tennis records – women's singles Overall tennis records – women's singles covers the period 1884 to present. Before the beginning of the Open era in April 1968, only amateurs were allowed to compete in established tennis tournaments, including the four Grand Slams. Wimbledon, the oldest of the Majors, was founded in", "title": "All-time tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "6143637", "text": "men's event (ATP 500 Dubai) which was scheduled to take place the week after the women's event. As a result, the UAE issued Israeli Andy Ram a visa for the men's tournament. In the men's singles, Roger Federer (winner in 2003–05, 2007, 2012, 2014–15, runner-up in 2006, 2011) holds the records for most titles (seven), most finals (nine), and most consecutive titles (three), sharing the last record with Novak Djokovic (winner in 2009–11, 2013, runner-up in 2015). In the women's singles, Justine Henin (2003–04, 2006–07) holds the record for most titles (four) and shares with Venus Williams (2009–10, 2014) and", "title": "Dubai Tennis Championships" }, { "id": "8902754", "text": "and Thomas Muster (1993–1996) hold the record for most overall titles (four), and Muster has the record for most consecutive wins (four). On the women's side, Amanda Coetzer (2001, 2003), Flavia Pennetta (2005, 2008), Venus Williams (2009–10), Sara Errani (2012–13),and Lesia Tsurenko (2017-2018) co-hold the record for most singles titles (two), Williams,Errani and Tsurenko being the only players to score two straight wins in Mexico. In the men's doubles, Donald Johnson (1996, 2000–01) has won the most titles (three), and co-holds with Michal Mertiňák (2008–09) and David Marrero (2012–13) the record for most back-to-back titles (two). In the women's doubles,", "title": "Mexican Open (tennis)" }, { "id": "18554482", "text": "unknown why the tournaments chose to default, taking these facts into consideration her adjusted win percentage would be 123–3 = 97.61%. minimum 2 titles Four Majors Three Majors Four Three Two Note: carpet no longer used since 2009. Notes: 1883 –1920 rankings are more variable in nature because of limited sourcing from 1921 onwards more recent rankings are much better sourced are shown here World number 1 women tennis players. Before the open era of tennis arrived in 1968, rankings for amateur players were generally compiled only for a full year of play. Professional players were ranked by journalists, promoters,", "title": "All-time tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "1431152", "text": "Furthermore, she is the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam tournament at least four times. Graf was ranked world No. 1 by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for a record 377 total weeks—the longest period for which any player, male or female, has held the number-one ranking since the WTA and the Association of Tennis Professionals began issuing rankings. She won 107 singles titles, which ranks her third on the WTA's all-time list after Martina Navratilova (167 titles) and Chris Evert (157 titles). She and Margaret Court are the only players, male or female, to win three", "title": "Steffi Graf" }, { "id": "1431225", "text": "the German Sports Hall of Fame in 2008. Steffi Graf Stefanie Maria \"Steffi\" Graf (; born 14 June 1969) is a German former professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 1 and won 22 Grand Slam singles titles. Her 22 singles titles put her second on the list of major wins in the female competition since the introduction of the Open Era in 1968 and is third all-time behind Margaret Court (24) and Serena Williams (23). In 1988, she became the only tennis player to achieve the Golden Slam by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the", "title": "Steffi Graf" }, { "id": "7076198", "text": "which came into existence with 6 teams in 1997. As of 2012, the league has 4 teams that play 44 games each and then participate in the Championship Series. The league is expected to expand \"due to on-going expansion efforts\". The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) was founded in 1973 with Billie Jean King at the forefront. It is widely considered the most successful and popular of any organization in women's professional sports. The league has over 2,500 players from 92 nations, and it has over $100 million in prize money for 54 tournaments and 4 Grand Slams in 33 countries.", "title": "Women's professional sports" }, { "id": "18161373", "text": "noted evolution in this field since the 1990s. Women's tennis Women's tennis is one of the most popular sports for women. It is one of the few sports where women command fame and popularity that equals men's sporting counterparts. Women's Tennis Association is the main organisation which runs female tennis. Women's tennis is present from the first Olympic Games in 1900 in Paris and 1908 in London, but the women's doubles only appeared in 1920 at the Antwerp Games. One of the fhe first superstars of women's tennis is Suzanne Lenglen, who after six titles won at Wimbledon and the", "title": "Women's tennis" }, { "id": "1431151", "text": "Steffi Graf Stefanie Maria \"Steffi\" Graf (; born 14 June 1969) is a German former professional tennis player. She was ranked world No. 1 and won 22 Grand Slam singles titles. Her 22 singles titles put her second on the list of major wins in the female competition since the introduction of the Open Era in 1968 and is third all-time behind Margaret Court (24) and Serena Williams (23). In 1988, she became the only tennis player to achieve the Golden Slam by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year.", "title": "Steffi Graf" }, { "id": "3235031", "text": "Suzanne Lenglen Suzanne Rachel Flore Lenglen (; 24 May 1899 – 4 July 1938) was a French tennis player who won 31 Championship titles between 1914 and 1926. She dominated women's tennis from 1914 until 1926 when she turned professional. A flamboyant, trendsetting athlete, she was the first female tennis celebrity and one of the first international female sport stars, named \"La Divine\" (the Goddess) by the French press. Lenglen's 241 titles, 181 match winning streak and 341-7 (98%) match record are hard to imagine happening in today's tennis atmosphere. Lenglen is regarded by some to be the greatest female", "title": "Suzanne Lenglen" }, { "id": "6131181", "text": "have won the title six times and holds the distinction of having never lost a match at the China Open. Djokovic holds the record for consecutive wins with four titles. In doubles, the Bryan Brothers are the only doubles pair to have won consecutive titles. Svetlana Kuznetsova, Serena Williams, Agnieszka Radwańska and Caroline Wozniacki hold the record for most titles won in the women's tournament, with two titles each. China Open (tennis) The China Open is an annual men's and women's professional tennis tournament held in Beijing, China. The women's event is the third highest tier Premier Mandatory series on", "title": "China Open (tennis)" }, { "id": "1446750", "text": "women for eighth place on the all-time list, but gives her sole possession of No. 4 on the Open Era List, trailing only the nine titles of Martina Navratilova and the seven of Serena and Steffi Graf. From the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2001 US Open, Williams won four of the six Grand Slam singles tournaments in that span. At the 2018 US Open, Williams extended her record as the all-time leader, male or female, in Grand Slams played, with 80. With her run to the 2017 Wimbledon singles final, she broke the record for longest time between first", "title": "Venus Williams" }, { "id": "18161371", "text": "Women's tennis Women's tennis is one of the most popular sports for women. It is one of the few sports where women command fame and popularity that equals men's sporting counterparts. Women's Tennis Association is the main organisation which runs female tennis. Women's tennis is present from the first Olympic Games in 1900 in Paris and 1908 in London, but the women's doubles only appeared in 1920 at the Antwerp Games. One of the fhe first superstars of women's tennis is Suzanne Lenglen, who after six titles won at Wimbledon and the Internationaux de France leaves the amateur tennis to", "title": "Women's tennis" }, { "id": "17338800", "text": "NCAA conquered the AIAW and usurped its authority and membership. Williams has won the most national championships, with 10 national titles. The Claremont-Mudd-Scripps Athenas are the reigning national champions, winning their first title in 2018. NCAA Women's Division III Tennis Championship The NCAA Division III Women's Tennis Championship is the annual tennis tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the team, singles, and doubles championships Division III of women's collegiate tennis. Tennis was one of twelve women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981-82 school year, as the NCAA engaged in battle with the Association for Intercollegiate", "title": "NCAA Women's Division III Tennis Championship" }, { "id": "1828053", "text": "Margaret Court Margaret Court (née Smith; born 16 July 1942), also known as Margaret Smith Court, is a retired Australian tennis player and former world No. 1. She is currently a Christian minister in Perth, Western Australia. In tennis, she amassed more major titles than any other player in history. In 1970, Court became the first woman during the Open era (and the second woman in history) to win the singles Grand Slam (all four major tournaments in the same calendar year). She won 24 of those titles (11 in the Open era), a record that still stands. She also", "title": "Margaret Court" }, { "id": "1446749", "text": "African American woman to do so in the Open Era, and the second all time since Althea Gibson. Williams' seven Grand Slam singles titles are tied for 12th on the all-time list, and 8th on the Open Era list, more than any other active female player except Serena. She has reached 16 Grand Slam finals, most recently at Wimbledon in 2017. She has also won 14 Grand Slam Women's doubles titles, all with Serena; the pair is unbeaten in Grand Slam doubles finals. Williams also has two Mixed Doubles titles. Her five Wimbledon singles titles tie her with two other", "title": "Venus Williams" }, { "id": "1432163", "text": "(6). She also holds the all-time record for the most women's singles matches won at majors with 331 matches. Williams has won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles, all with her sister Venus, and the pair are unbeaten in Grand Slam doubles finals. As a team, she and Venus have the third most women's doubles Grand Slam titles, behind the 18 titles of Natasha Zvereva (14 with Gigi Fernández) and the record 20 titles won by Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver. Williams is also a five-time winner of the WTA Tour Championships in the singles division. She has also won four", "title": "Serena Williams" }, { "id": "2836605", "text": "Championship Tournament is held annually, currently at the Tyson Events Center and Gateway Arena in Sioux City, Iowa. The NAIA and Sioux City have extended the contract until 2014.Northwestern College has the most national titles with five. 2015 champion Morningside College has the second most national titles with three. Northwestern College has the most tournament championship game appearances with six. The NAIA announced in April 2018 that it would discontinue its Division II basketball championships for both men and women after the 2019–20 season. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Season record of 38–0; Only three teams have done this in NAIA Women's Basketball history.", "title": "NAIA Women's Basketball Championships" }, { "id": "9319604", "text": "however were controversial and were generally agreed upon, with the 1978 and 1982 choices being particularly clear cut in favor of Borg (1978) and Connors (1982). The women's panel initially featured three former women's champions, Margaret Court, Margaret duPont and Ann Jones. Althea Gibson was a member through the early 1980s. ITF world champions for women differed from the WTA year-end rankings the following years: 1978 (Martina Navratilova), 1994 (Steffi Graf), 2001 (Lindsay Davenport), 2004 (Lindsay Davenport), 2005 (Lindsay Davenport), 2011 (Caroline Wozniacki), 2012 (Victoria Azarenka), 2017 (Simona Halep). ITF World Champions The International Tennis Federation (ITF) designates a World", "title": "ITF World Champions" }, { "id": "20212430", "text": "6–0 set in 16 Grand Slam tournaments in a row: starting with the 1957 Australian Championship and ending with the 1960 US championship. In the women's singles, the largest number of 6–0 sets won: 1. Chris Evert (USA) – 106; 2. Margaret Court (Australia) – 89; 3. Martina Navratilova (Czechoslovakia / USA) – 72; 4. Steffi Graf (Germany) – 71; 5. Serena Williams (USA) – 64; 6. Helen Wills-Moody (USA) – 57; 7. Monica Seles (Yugoslavia / USA) – 54; 8. Maria Sharapova (Russia) – 49; 9. Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (Spain) – 46; 10. Gabriela Sabatini (Argentina) – 44. In", "title": "Bagel (tennis)" }, { "id": "17338795", "text": "women's championships, the NCAA conquered the AIAW and usurped its authority and membership. From its establishment in 1982 until 1994, the championship consisted of three championships: singles, doubles, and team. However, the singles and doubles titles were discontinued after 1994 and have not been reestablished. Armstrong State is the most successful program, with eight national titles. NCAA Women's Division II Tennis Championship The NCAA Division II Women's Tennis Championship is the National Collegiate Athletic Association's tennis tournament to determine the Team Championships, Singles Championships, and Doubles Championships for women's tennis athletes from Division II institutions. Tennis was one of twelve", "title": "NCAA Women's Division II Tennis Championship" }, { "id": "9270084", "text": "are used infrequently in these tables. \"Winner of most titles: Martina Navratilova, with 11\" \"Winner of most titles: Steffi Graf, with 10\" \"Notes\" \"Winner of most titles: Steffi Graf, with 11\" \"Notes:\" \"Winner of most titles: Serena Williams, with 7\" \"Winner of most titles: Serena Williams, with 8\" \"Winner of most titles: Serena Williams, with 8\" Tennis performance timeline comparison (women) This article presents in a tabular form the career tennis Grand Slam, World Hard Court Championships and Olympic singles results of every woman who has reached the singles final of at least one Grand Slam, World Hard Court Championships", "title": "Tennis performance timeline comparison (women)" }, { "id": "17338754", "text": "women's championships, the NCAA conquered the AIAW and usurped its authority and membership. The Division I NCAA team tournament was expanded to 64 teams in 1999. The current champions are the Stanford Cardinal. NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championship The NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championship is the National Collegiate Athletic Association's tennis tournament to determine the Team Championships, Singles Championships, and Doubles Championships for women's tennis athletes from Division I institutions. Tennis was one of twelve women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981-82 school year, as the NCAA engaged in battle with the Association for", "title": "NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championship" }, { "id": "633247", "text": "Grand Slam titles (one each at the Australian Open, the Wimbledon Championships and the US Open), the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games and the WTA Championships. She also won 38 WTA Tour doubles titles, including three Grand Slam titles (the French Open partnering Mary Joe Fernández, Wimbledon partnering Corina Morariu, and the US Open partnering Jana Novotná), and three WTA Championships (partnering Fernández, Novotná, and Natasha Zvereva). She amassed career-earnings of $22,166,338 dollars; currently eighth in the all-time rankings among female tennis players and formerly first, prior to being surpassed by Serena Williams in January 2009. Davenport", "title": "Lindsay Davenport" }, { "id": "11744064", "text": "US Indoor Championships The US Indoors, known formally as the U.S. Indoor Championships, was a national tennis championship for women that was sanctioned by the United States Tennis Association and held 79 times from 1907 through 2001 at various locations and on various surfaces. The event was affiliated with the WTA Tour from 1971 through 2001 (excluding 1977). Marie Wagner won more singles titles (6) and Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman won more doubles titles (10) at this tournament than any other woman. Lois Felix holds the record for runners-up in singles (4) while Wightman and Norma Taubele Barber hold the record", "title": "US Indoor Championships" }, { "id": "1432161", "text": "in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles combined among active players. Her 39 major titles puts her joint-third on the all-time list and second in the Open Era: 23 in singles, 14 in women's doubles, and two in mixed doubles. She is the most recent female player to have held all four Grand Slam singles titles simultaneously (2002–03 and 2014–15) and the third player to achieve this twice, after Rod Laver and Graf. She is also the most recent player to have won a Grand Slam title on each surface (hard, clay and grass) in one calendar year. She is also,", "title": "Serena Williams" }, { "id": "5335011", "text": "its lineage after Moolah's title was purchased and renamed by the WWF. The Fabulous Moolah has held the title more times than any other wrestler, with a total of five reigns. She also has the longest reign of 3,651 days. Moolah is the oldest champion after winning the title at 55 years old. Malia Hosaka has the shortest reign at 1 day. Barbi Hayden is the youngest champion after winning the title at 23 years of age. Overall, the title has been held by 25 different women for a total of 35 reigns. NWA World Women's Championship The NWA World", "title": "NWA World Women's Championship" }, { "id": "1432193", "text": "where she recovered from 5–1 down in the third set and saved two match points before defeating Clijsters. In the final, Serena faced Venus for the fourth consecutive Grand Slam tournament final, defeating her older sister to become the sixth woman in the Open Era to complete a career Grand Slam, alongside Margaret Court, Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, and Steffi Graf. She also became the fifth woman to hold all Grand Slam singles titles simultaneously, joining Maureen Connolly Brinker, Court, Graf, and Navratilova. This feat was dubbed the \"Serena Slam\" by the press. The Williams sisters won", "title": "Serena Williams" }, { "id": "18554478", "text": "Open. The Australian Open is the 1st Major of the year (January), followed by the French Open (May–June), Wimbledon (June–July), and US Open (August–September). There was no prize money and players were compensated for travel expenses only. A player who wins all four current major tournaments, as a single or as part of a doubles team, in the same calendar year is said to have achieved the \"Grand Slam\". If the player wins all four consecutively, but not in the same calendar year, it is called a \"Non-Calendar Year Grand Slam\". Winning all four at some point in a career,", "title": "All-time tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "5280678", "text": "Nancy Richey Nancy Richey (born August 23, 1942) is a former tennis player from the United States, who won two Grand Slam singles titles (1967 Australian Championships and 1968 French Open) and four Grand Slam women's doubles titles (1965 U.S. Championships and 1966 Australian, Wimbledon, and U.S. Championships). She was ranked World No. 2 in singles at year-end in 1969. Richey won 69 singles titles during her career and helped the U.S. win the Federation Cup in 1969. She won the singles title at the U.S. Women's Clay Court Championships a record six consecutive years, from 1963 through 1968. Richey", "title": "Nancy Richey" }, { "id": "12161731", "text": "hours. The Isner–Mahut match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships holds the record for the longest tennis match both in time and games played. The longest women's match (by time) took place at a tournament in Richmond, Virginia, in 1984, when Vicki Nelson took 6 hours, 31 minutes to defeat Jean Hepner 6–4, 7–6. The match featured a 29-minute, 643-shot rally, the longest in professional tennis history. On 1 September 2016, Paolo Lorenzi and Gilles Simon played for 4 hours and 58 minutes. In August 2017, Albert Ramos-Viñolas and Denis Istomin played for 4 hours and 55 minutes. In August 2016,", "title": "Longest tennis match records" }, { "id": "401903", "text": "about who is the greatest female singles player of all time with Steffi Graf, Martina Navratilova and Serena Williams being the three players most often nominated. In March 2012 the TennisChannel published a combined list of the 100 greatest men and women tennis players of all time. It ranked Steffi Graf as the greatest female player (in 3rd place overall), followed by Martina Navratilova (4th place) and Margaret Court (8th place). The rankings were determined by an international panel. Sportswriter John Wertheim of Sports Illustrated stated in an article in July 2010 that Serena Williams is the greatest female tennis", "title": "Tennis" }, { "id": "2939197", "text": "a exhibition series of matches. This chart lists every female wrestler who held more than one title in the company, including male contested titles. The list is in chronological order. The first woman on the list is Leilani Kai who won the WWF Women's Tag Team Championship and the WWF Women's Championship in 1985. The final woman is Asuka who won the NXT Women's Championship and the WWE SmackDown Women's Championship in 2016 and 2018, respectively. Charlotte Flair is the only Superstar to have won four women's championships in WWE history (NXT, Divas, Raw, and SmackDown). There are two titles", "title": "Women in WWE" }, { "id": "16859731", "text": "China Open (table tennis) The China Open is an annual table tennis tournament in China, run by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). It is currently part of the ITTF World Tour. The tournament was first held in 1988, and has featured on the ITTF World Tour's schedule every year since the Tour's inception in 1996. China's Ma Long holds the record for most men's singles tournament wins, with seven, while Wang Nan, Zhang Yining and Li Xiaoxia of China all share the record for most women's singles tournament wins, with five each. In August 2016, it was announced by", "title": "China Open (table tennis)" }, { "id": "13464903", "text": "Open of Kuala Lumpur, and then early October ATP World Tour 500 Japan Open Tennis Championships of Tokyo and China Open of Beijing. In singles, Novak Djokovic (winner in 2012–13, 2015, and 2018) holds the record for most titles (four). Djokovic and Andy Murray share the records for most consecutive titles (two victories in a row each), and most finals (four). In doubles, Marcelo Melo (winner in 2013, 2015, and 2018) holds the record for most titles (three), and no player has collected back-to-back titles yet. Source: The Tennis Base Shanghai Masters (tennis) The Shanghai Masters (also known as Shanghai", "title": "Shanghai Masters (tennis)" }, { "id": "5418741", "text": "Margaret Osborne duPont Margaret Osborne duPont (born Margaret Evelyn Osborne; March 4, 1918 – October 24, 2012) was a World No. 1 American female tennis player. DuPont won a total of 37 singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles Grand Slam titles, which places her fourth on the all-time list despite never entering the Australian Championships. She won 25 of her Grand Slam titles at the U.S. Championships, which is an all-time record. DuPont won six Grand Slam singles titles, saving match points in the finals of the 1946 French Championships (versus Pauline Betz) and 1948 U.S. Championships (versus Louise Brough).", "title": "Margaret Osborne duPont" }, { "id": "11655434", "text": "Nichirei International Championships The Nichirei International Championships is a defunct WTA Tour affiliated professional women's tennis tournament played from 1990 to 1996. It was held in Tokyo in Japan and was played on indoor carpet courts in 1990 and on outdoor hard courts from 1991 to 1996. Monica Seles won the event a record three times, representing the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992, and the United States in 1996. Mary Joe Fernández garnered the most championships overall, with four of her five triumphs coming in the doubles competition. The tournament was", "title": "Nichirei International Championships" }, { "id": "6143638", "text": "Elina Svitolina (2017–18) the record for most consecutive titles (two). In men's doubles, Mahesh Bhupathi (1998, 2004, 2008, 2012–13) has won the most overall titles (five), and co-holds with Grant Connell (1995–96) the record for most consecutive titles (two). In women's doubles, Liezel Huber (2007–09, 2011–12) took the most titles (five) and, alongside partner Cara Black (2007–09), the most back-to-back titles (three). [[File:Federer Cincinnati (2007).jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Roger Federer]] [[Category:Dubai Tennis Championships| ]] [[Category:Tennis tournaments in the United Arab Emirates]] [[Category:Hard court tennis tournaments]] [[Category:WTA Tour]] [[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1993]] [[Category:ATP World Tour 500 series]] [[Category:Sport in Dubai]] Dubai Tennis Championships", "title": "Dubai Tennis Championships" }, { "id": "18554483", "text": "and players' associations usually at the end of the year. Even for amateurs, however, there was no single official overall ranking that encompassed the entire world. Instead, nation rankings were done by the national tennis association of each country, and world rankings were the preserve of tennis journalists. It was only with the introduction of computerized rankings in the open era that rankings were issued more frequently than once yearly. Even the end-of-year amateur rankings issued by official organizations such as the United States Lawn Tennis Association were based on judgments made by men and women and not on mathematical", "title": "All-time tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "18554481", "text": "Most statistics are based on the data at the WTA Tour and International Tennis Federation, the official websites of each respective Grand Slam tournament and published sources though this is not a definitive list due to the time periods involved. Active streaks and active players are in boldface. active streaks in boldface <nowiki>**</nowiki> Not all sources agree with two of Wills' losses. She did not play the matches because of appendicitis, and did not appear at the 1926 Wimbledon Championships, the tournaments gave her defaults instead of the typical walkovers (which do not count as wins or losses). It is", "title": "All-time tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "11655435", "text": "replaced by the Toyota Princess Cup. Nichirei International Championships The Nichirei International Championships is a defunct WTA Tour affiliated professional women's tennis tournament played from 1990 to 1996. It was held in Tokyo in Japan and was played on indoor carpet courts in 1990 and on outdoor hard courts from 1991 to 1996. Monica Seles won the event a record three times, representing the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992, and the United States in 1996. Mary Joe Fernández garnered the most championships overall, with four of her five triumphs coming in", "title": "Nichirei International Championships" }, { "id": "401829", "text": "in 1881 at the Newport Casino, Newport, Rhode Island. The U.S. National Women's Singles Championships were first held in 1887 in Philadelphia. Tennis also became popular in France, where the French Championships dates to 1891 although until 1925 it was open only to tennis players who were members of French clubs. Thus, Wimbledon, the US Open, the French Open, and the Australian Open (dating to 1905) became and have remained the most prestigious events in tennis. Together these four events are called the Majors or \"Slams\" (a term borrowed from bridge rather than baseball). In 1913, the International Lawn Tennis", "title": "Tennis" }, { "id": "10954396", "text": "Mária Mednyánszky Mária Mednyánszky (7 April 1901 Budapest – 22 December 1978 also Budapest) was a Hungarian international table tennis star. She became the first official women's world champion winning the women's singles event gold medal in the first edition of the World Table Tennis Championships, held in 1926 at London. She went on to win the title for five successive years and won a further 18 world titles. Only Angelica Rozeanu holds more women's singles titles than her. She won seven doubles titles including six consecutive wins with Anna Sipos. She also won three English Open titles. She was", "title": "Mária Mednyánszky" }, { "id": "17854022", "text": "Open Era tennis records – women's singles The Open Era is another name for the current era of professional tennis. It began in 1968 when the Grand Slam tournaments allowed professional players to compete with amateurs, ending the division that had persisted since the dawn of the sport in the 19th century. The first \"open\" event was held in Bournemouth, England, followed by the inaugural open Grand Slam event a month later. All records are based on data from the WTA, the ITF, and the official sites of the four Grand Slam tournaments. Active streaks and active players are in", "title": "Open Era tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "3371500", "text": "time on August 22, 2005, at the age of 18, and last held the ranking for the fifth time for four weeks from June 11, 2012, to July 8, 2012. Her 36 singles titles and five Grand Slam titles—two at the French Open and one each at the Australian Open, Wimbledon, and US Open—rank third among active players, behind Serena and Venus Williams. She won the year-ending WTA Finals in her debut in 2004. She has also won three doubles titles. Despite an injury-prone career, Sharapova has achieved a rare level of longevity in the women's game. She won at", "title": "Maria Sharapova" }, { "id": "10846245", "text": "in the 1950s. From the 1960s onwards, China emerged as the new dominant power in this tournament and, with the exception of 1989-2000, when Sweden won four times, China continues to dominate the sport. China's men's team holds a record 20 world team championship titles. In the 1950s, Japan's women team was a force to be reckoned with winning a total of 8 titles. The Chinese women started their strong grip on the world team championships from the 1970s onwards. They have only lost twice since 1975. China holds 21 women's team titles. There are 7 different trophies presented to", "title": "World Table Tennis Championships" }, { "id": "1612606", "text": "ten women have won Career Grand Slams in singles play (rows one and two); among them two men and five women have at least two Career Grand Slams in singles (column three). Since the beginning of the open era, five men (Rod Laver, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic) and six women (Margaret Court, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova) have achieved this. Several singles players have won three major championships without achieving the Career Grand Slam, grouped by the \"missing\" Grand Slam tournament: Several doubles players have won three major championships without", "title": "Grand Slam (tennis)" }, { "id": "1828070", "text": "Court in the 2017 Hollywood film \"Battle of the Sexes\". † Some sources have Elizabeth Ryan winning over 200 singles titles in her career. Margaret Court Margaret Court (née Smith; born 16 July 1942), also known as Margaret Smith Court, is a retired Australian tennis player and former world No. 1. She is currently a Christian minister in Perth, Western Australia. In tennis, she amassed more major titles than any other player in history. In 1970, Court became the first woman during the Open era (and the second woman in history) to win the singles Grand Slam (all four major", "title": "Margaret Court" }, { "id": "17338753", "text": "NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championship The NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championship is the National Collegiate Athletic Association's tennis tournament to determine the Team Championships, Singles Championships, and Doubles Championships for women's tennis athletes from Division I institutions. Tennis was one of twelve women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981-82 school year, as the NCAA engaged in battle with the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women for sole governance of women's collegiate sports. The AIAW continued to conduct its established championship program in the same twelve (and other) sports; however, after a year of dual", "title": "NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championship" }, { "id": "7092710", "text": "Cups played to date have been held in five countries, with India and England having hosted the event three times. The number of teams has been fixed at eight since the 2000 event, with the preceding tournament in 1997 having been contested by a record eleven teams, the most to date. Australia are the most successful team, having won six titles and failed to make the final on only three occasions. England (four titles) and New Zealand (one title) are the only other teams to have won the event, while India (twice) and the West Indies (once) have each reached", "title": "Women's Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "18892530", "text": "at the competition on one occasion and Johnson's championship record remains the world record as of 2015. The current women's championship record stood as the women's world record for two years and remains the only time that feat has been accomplished at the championships. Michael Johnson is the most successful athlete of the World Championships 400 m, having won four straight titles from 1993 to 1999. He is the only sprint athlete to have won that many individual titles in an event. The second most successful is LaShawn Merritt – a two-time champion and the only other athlete to have", "title": "400 metres at the World Championships in Athletics" }, { "id": "5280680", "text": "but withdrew from the tournament before it began. Nancy Richey Nancy Richey (born August 23, 1942) is a former tennis player from the United States, who won two Grand Slam singles titles (1967 Australian Championships and 1968 French Open) and four Grand Slam women's doubles titles (1965 U.S. Championships and 1966 Australian, Wimbledon, and U.S. Championships). She was ranked World No. 2 in singles at year-end in 1969. Richey won 69 singles titles during her career and helped the U.S. win the Federation Cup in 1969. She won the singles title at the U.S. Women's Clay Court Championships a record", "title": "Nancy Richey" }, { "id": "18731537", "text": "Japan Open (table tennis) The Japan Open is an annual table tennis tournament in Japan, run by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). It is currently part of the ITTF World Tour. The tournament was first held in 1989, and has featured on the ITTF World Tour's schedule every year since the Tour's inception in 1996. Sweden's Jan-Ove Waldner and Germany's Timo Boll jointly hold the record for most men's singles tournament wins, with three each, while Wang Nan of China holds the record for most women's singles tournament wins, with four. In August 2016, it was announced by the", "title": "Japan Open (table tennis)" }, { "id": "1446748", "text": "Venus Williams Venus Ebony Starr Williams (born June 17, 1980) is an American professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 40 in the WTA singles rankings. She is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women's tennis and, along with younger sister Serena Williams, is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women's professional tennis tour. Williams has been ranked world No. 1 by the Women's Tennis Association on three occasions, for a total of 11 weeks. She first reached the No. 1 ranking on February 25, 2002, the first", "title": "Venus Williams" }, { "id": "17052431", "text": "Finals), with Federer winning six and Djokovic winning five, with a record 4 consecutive from 2012 to 2015, and Murray winning one. Of the four, Federer leads with a record 20 major titles followed by Nadal (17), Djokovic (14) and Murray (3). Federer, Nadal, and Djokovic have completed a Career Grand Slam by winning each of the four Majors at least once, with Nadal also winning a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics for a Career Golden Slam. Murray has won neither the French nor Australian Open, despite reaching the final five times in Melbourne and once in Paris,", "title": "Big Four (tennis)" }, { "id": "17854023", "text": "boldface. active streaks in boldface minimum 2 titles Active career prize money leaders in bold Open Era tennis records – women's singles The Open Era is another name for the current era of professional tennis. It began in 1968 when the Grand Slam tournaments allowed professional players to compete with amateurs, ending the division that had persisted since the dawn of the sport in the 19th century. The first \"open\" event was held in Bournemouth, England, followed by the inaugural open Grand Slam event a month later. All records are based on data from the WTA, the ITF, and the", "title": "Open Era tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "19694135", "text": "tied for the longest combined reign at 175 days (although WWE recognizes 173 days for Flair). Alexa Bliss, Naomi, Flair, and Lynch are tied with the most reigns at two. Asuka is the oldest champion, having won the title at 37, while Bliss is the youngest, having won it at 25. Asuka is the current champion in her first reign. She defeated former champion Becky Lynch and Charlotte Flair in a Triple Threat Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match at in San Jose, California on December 16, 2018. WWE SmackDown Women's Championship The WWE SmackDown Women's Championship is a women's professional", "title": "WWE SmackDown Women's Championship" }, { "id": "5440606", "text": "Shirley Fry Shirley June Fry Irvin (\"née\" Fry; born June 30, 1927) is a former world No. 1 tennis player from the United States. During her career, which lasted from the early 1940s until the mid-1950s, she won the singles title at all four Grand Slam events as well as 13 doubles titles. As of 2018, Fry Irvin is the longest surviving female Grand Slam singles champion. Fry was raised in Akron, Ohio and starrted playing tennis competitively at age nine. She was educated at Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida where she graduated in 1949. Fry is one of", "title": "Shirley Fry" }, { "id": "20458626", "text": "2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit of the defending champion at Wimbledon since Steffi Graf's first round defeat in 1994. Angelique Kerber won her third Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in the rematch of the 2016 final, 6–3, 6–3. Kerber became the first German since Graf in 1996 to lift the trophy. Simona Halep, Caroline Wozniacki and Sloane Stephens were in contention for the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the start of the", "title": "2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles" }, { "id": "13975756", "text": "WTA Tour records This is a list of Women's Tennis Association (WTA) records since its inception in June 1973. Some tournaments from the predecessor tour, the Virginia Slims Circuit, are also included for completeness. The Virginia Slims Circuit started in September 1970 and was replaced in 1973 by the WTA. For a full list of Open Era records (1968 – present) see Open Era tennis records – women's singles. These tables include only official WTA tour and Virginia Slims Circuit events. Notes: Active players in bold Active streaks in bold Source: WTA player career statistics: and WTA Tour Archive 2012:Accessed", "title": "WTA Tour records" }, { "id": "6821954", "text": "both men and women. (The other appearance was in mixed doubles, which she won, in 1931.) Other Career Highlights: Clara Louise Zinke Clara Louise Zinke (March 30, 1909 in Cincinnati – April 20, 1978) was an American tennis player in the early part of the 20th century. She competed on the national level as a junior and adult. She was a singles finalist in the U.S. National Girls singles championship of 1926, and at the storied international tennis tournament in Cincinnati, she won more total titles (12) than any other woman in tournament history: She still holds tournament records in", "title": "Clara Louise Zinke" }, { "id": "1432162", "text": "together with her sister Venus, the most recent player to have held all four Grand Slam women's doubles titles simultaneously (2009–10). Her total of 23 Grand Slam singles titles marks the record for the most Grand Slam wins in the Open Era, and is second on the all-time list behind Margaret Court (24). She has won an all-time record of 13 Grand Slam singles titles on hard court. Williams holds the Open Era record for most titles won at the Australian Open (7) and shares the Open Era record for most titles won at the US Open with Chris Evert", "title": "Serena Williams" }, { "id": "9839807", "text": "Swedish Open (table tennis) The Swedish Open, also known as the Swedish Open Championships (SOC), is an annual table tennis tournament in Sweden, run by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). It is currently part of the ITTF World Tour. The tournament was first held in 1954, and has featured on the ITTF World Tour's schedule frequently since the tour's inception in 1996, including every year since 2011. China's Fan Zhendong and Wang Liqin jointly hold the record for most men's singles tournament wins, with three. Agnes Simon holds the record for the most women's singles tournament wins, with four,", "title": "Swedish Open (table tennis)" }, { "id": "20199650", "text": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon when she defeated reigning French Open champion Jeļena", "title": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles" }, { "id": "2836604", "text": "I Women's Basketball National Championship Tournament is held at the Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark in Billings, Montana and has been played there since in 2012. The NAIA is the only international intercollegiate athletic association in North America, the NAIA DI Women's Basketball Championship, was the first NAIA Championship to feature a college from outside the United States in the championship game. Simon Fraser University was the national DI runner-up in 1996 and 1997. Oklahoma City University has the most tournament championships with 9, and most championship game appearances with 11. <nowiki>#</nowiki> Overtime The NAIA Division II Women's Basketball National", "title": "NAIA Women's Basketball Championships" }, { "id": "1616779", "text": "the six longest winning streaks in history. She and Serena Williams are the only Open Era players to have won six major singles crowns without the loss of a set. Navratilova, Margaret Court and Maureen Connolly share the record for the most consecutive major singles titles (six). Navratilova reached 11 consecutive major singles finals, second all-time only to Steffi Graf's 13, and is the only woman ever to reach 19 consecutive major semifinals. Navratilova also won the season-ending WTA Tour Championships for top ranked players a record eight times and made the finals a record 14 times. She is the", "title": "Martina Navratilova" }, { "id": "5571999", "text": "women's team. The United States men's national team and women's national team, as well as a number of national youth teams, represent the United States in international soccer competitions and are governed by the United States Soccer Federation (U.S. Soccer). The U.S. women's team holds the record for most Women's World Cup championships, and is the only team that has never finished worse than third place in a World Cup. The U.S. women beat Japan 5–2 in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup final to claim their third Women's World Cup title, and first since 1999. Major League Soccer is", "title": "Sports in the United States" }, { "id": "20199652", "text": "consecutive women's singles Grand Slam event to feature a first-time semifinalist (Rybáriková). This streak ended months later at the 2017 US Open. Despite losing in the second round, Karolína Plíšková attained the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament, after Angelique Kerber and Simona Halep, the other contenders for the top ranking, lost in the fourth round and quarterfinals, respectively. This was formed World No. 1 and two-time Australian Open champion Victoria Azarenka's first appearance in a Grand Slam event since the 2016 French Open after giving birth to her first child in December 2016. She", "title": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles" }, { "id": "680234", "text": "while the other plays at home in games 3 and 4. The 2–2–1 pattern in the WNBA Finals has been in place since 2005. The Houston Comets and Minnesota Lynx hold the distinction of having won the most championships with 4 titles each. The Comets folded in 2008. The Lynx have the most appearances in the championship with 6, all occurring in the 7-year period from 2011-2017. Former teams that have no WNBA Finals appearances: In 2011, a decade and a half after the launch of the WNBA, only two players remained from the league's inaugural season in 1997: Sheryl", "title": "Women's National Basketball Association" }, { "id": "1067928", "text": "was 20 and Larry 19 years old and married on September 17, 1965 in Long Beach. King's triumph at the French Open in 1972 made her only the fifth woman in tennis history to win the singles titles at all four Grand Slam events, a \"career Grand Slam.\" She also won a career Grand Slam in mixed doubles. In women's doubles, only the Australian Open eluded her. King won a record 20 career titles at Wimbledon – six in singles, 10 in women's doubles, and four in mixed doubles. King played 51 Grand Slam singles events from 1959 through 1983,", "title": "Billie Jean King" }, { "id": "3390105", "text": "Helen Wills Helen Newington Wills (October 6, 1905 – January 1, 1998), also known as Helen Wills Moody and Helen Wills Roark, was an American tennis player. She became famous around the world for holding the top position in women's tennis for a total of nine years: 1927–33, 1935 and 1938. She won 31 Grand Slam tournament titles (singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles) during her career, including 19 singles titles. Wills was the first American woman athlete to become a global celebrity, making friends with royalty and film stars despite her preference for staying out of the limelight. She", "title": "Helen Wills" }, { "id": "13975758", "text": "each player is listed. In the following table, only the last tournament won by each player is listed. WTA Tour records This is a list of Women's Tennis Association (WTA) records since its inception in June 1973. Some tournaments from the predecessor tour, the Virginia Slims Circuit, are also included for completeness. The Virginia Slims Circuit started in September 1970 and was replaced in 1973 by the WTA. For a full list of Open Era records (1968 – present) see Open Era tennis records – women's singles. These tables include only official WTA tour and Virginia Slims Circuit events. Notes:", "title": "WTA Tour records" }, { "id": "1432250", "text": "singles title, in addition to having the distinction of being the oldest ladies' grand slam singles champion of all time. It also was her eighth consecutive victory in Grand Slam singles finals appearances, breaking Steffi Graf's Open Era record of seven from 1995 through 1999 and, on the men's side, tying Pete Sampras's Open Era record of eight from 1995 through 2000. Her 21st Grand Slam singles titles equaled the tally of the rest of the women's tour, combined. The week of July 13 marked the first time in WTA history that the No. 1 player had more than twice", "title": "Serena Williams" }, { "id": "5571965", "text": "sport in the past. More recently, the Williams sisters, Venus Williams (7 major singles titles) and Serena Williams (23 major singles titles), have been a dominant force in the women's game, and the twin brothers Bob and Mike Bryan have claimed almost all significant career records for men's doubles teams. USA Track & Field is the governing body for track and field in the United States. It organizes the annual USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships and USA Indoor Track and Field Championships. The IAAF Diamond League currently features one round in the United States, the Prefontaine Classic; the series", "title": "Sports in the United States" }, { "id": "19504010", "text": "2016 French Open – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion, but was defeated in the final by Garbiñe Muguruza, 5–7, 4–6. Williams was attempting, for the third time, to equal Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. She was also attempting to become only the second player, after Steffi Graf, to complete a quadruple Career Grand Slam. Muguruza became just the second Spanish woman in history, after three-time champion Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, to win the French Open. Williams retained the WTA no. 1 singles ranking after Agnieszka Radwańska and Angelique Kerber lost in fourth and", "title": "2016 French Open – Women's Singles" }, { "id": "10954397", "text": "awarded the Golden Order of the Hungarian People's Republic in 1976, Hungary's highest sporting honour. Mária Mednyánszky Mária Mednyánszky (7 April 1901 Budapest – 22 December 1978 also Budapest) was a Hungarian international table tennis star. She became the first official women's world champion winning the women's singles event gold medal in the first edition of the World Table Tennis Championships, held in 1926 at London. She went on to win the title for five successive years and won a further 18 world titles. Only Angelica Rozeanu holds more women's singles titles than her. She won seven doubles titles including", "title": "Mária Mednyánszky" }, { "id": "17279391", "text": "of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes, giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty.\" Evert was described as the all-American girl next door. Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time; she has won 167 singles titles, 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles, she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame, was the WTA’s \"Tour Player of the Year\" seven times, was declared one of the \"Top Forty Athletes of All-time\" by Sports Illustrated", "title": "Unmatched" }, { "id": "4610915", "text": "fixed in pounds to U.S. dollars, and is now $3.25 million. Tied for most victories in the Women's British Open with three each are Karrie Webb of Australia and Sherri Steinhauer of the United States. Both won the tournament twice before it became an LPGA major and once after. Yani Tseng of Taiwan and Jiyai Shin of South Korea are the multiple winners as a major championship. The other multiple winner is Debbie Massey of the U.S., with consecutive wins (1980 & 1981) well before it was an LPGA co-sanctioned event. Winners of the championship as an LPGA major (2001–present):", "title": "Women's British Open" }, { "id": "6821953", "text": "Clara Louise Zinke Clara Louise Zinke (March 30, 1909 in Cincinnati – April 20, 1978) was an American tennis player in the early part of the 20th century. She competed on the national level as a junior and adult. She was a singles finalist in the U.S. National Girls singles championship of 1926, and at the storied international tennis tournament in Cincinnati, she won more total titles (12) than any other woman in tournament history: She still holds tournament records in Cincinnati for most total finals appearances (18), most singles finals appearances (10) and most doubles finals appearances (7) for", "title": "Clara Louise Zinke" }, { "id": "17052500", "text": "Federer (30), Nadal (24) and Djokovic (23) have each surpassed this mark. Similarly, ATP Masters/ATP Masters 1000 events have been dominated by the Big Four. Nadal leads with a record 33 titles followed by Djokovic (32), Federer (27) and Murray (14). They have won a combined 105 titles (making 113 finals), and since 2011 of the 62 events that have taken place, they have won 56. This includes all 9 in 2011, 2013 and 2015. Moreover, from the 2014 Cincinnati Masters to the 2016 Canada Masters, they won 18 consecutive ATP Masters 1000 events. From the beginning of 2013 through", "title": "Big Four (tennis)" }, { "id": "20880283", "text": "once previously, with Osaka winning in straight sets in the first round of the 2018 Miami Open. At the start of the tournament, Williams had won 23 Grand Slam championships, the most in the Open Era, and second-most of all time, and was attempting to equal Margaret Court's all-time record of 24 Grand Slam championships, which required her to best her own record of being the oldest female Grand Slam women's singles champion at the time set at the 2017 Australian Open. 2018 marked a highly anticipated comeback for Williams since giving birth in September 2017. Her prior successes, and", "title": "2018 US Open – Women's Singles final" }, { "id": "5571963", "text": "on several television networks, such as Golf Channel, NBC, ESPN, CBS and Fox. Notable American male golfers include Walter Hagen (11 majors), Ben Hogan, Jack Nicklaus (record 18 major wins), Arnold Palmer, and Tiger Woods (14 major wins). Notable female golfers include Patty Berg (record 15 major wins), Mickey Wright (13 majors), Louise Suggs and Babe Zaharias. Tennis is played in the United States in all five categories (Men's and Ladies' Singles; Men's, Ladies' and Mixed Doubles); however, the most popular are the singles. The pinnacle of the sport in the country is the US Open played in late August", "title": "Sports in the United States" }, { "id": "1755999", "text": "but one of the pros in the 2005 LPGA Championship and was the runner-up, three strokes behind three-time champion Annika Sörenstam. In 2006, the LPGA Championship reverted to its \"professionals only\" status, with only pros in the field. Wie had turned professional the previous October, upon signing multimillion-dollar endorsement contracts with Nike, Sony, and other sponsors. Tournament names through the years: The defending champion has retained the title on seven occasions, most recently in 2015: Through 2017, three consecutive championships has been achieved only twice, by Sörenstam (2005) and Park (2015). Since the PGA of America took control of the", "title": "Women's PGA Championship" }, { "id": "6458460", "text": "WTA Rankings The WTA Rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The WTA rankings are based on a rolling 52-week, cumulative system. A player's ranking is determined by her results at a maximum of 16 tournaments for singles and 11 for doubles and points are awarded based on how far a player advances in a tournament. The basis for calculating a player's ranking are those tournaments that yield the highest ranking points during the rolling 52-week period with the condition that they must include points from the 4 Grand Slams, the 4 Premier", "title": "WTA Rankings" }, { "id": "6768347", "text": "Julie Heldman Julie Heldman (born December 8, 1945) is a retired American tennis player who won 22 women's singles titles. In 1969 and 1974, she was ranked World No. 5, her highest career ranking. In 1968 and 1969, she was ranked No. 2 in the U.S. She was Canadian National 18 & Under Singles Champion at age 12, U.S. Champion in Girls’ 15 Singles and Girls’ 18 Singles, Italian Open Singles Champion, Canadian Singles and Doubles Champion, and U.S. Clay Court Doubles Champion. She won three medals at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, and three gold medals at the 1969", "title": "Julie Heldman" }, { "id": "13823849", "text": "awarded the WGM title. The current regulations can be found in the FIDE handbook. Many strong female players hold the IM title in addition to the WGM, and since about 2000 the top 10 women players have been mostly GMs. The winner of the Women's World Championship is automatically awarded the GM title if she does not already hold it, while the runner-up receives the IM title and a GM norm. As of February 2016, the FIDE rating list records 287 women holding the WGM title alone and an additional 33 who are GM. Woman International Master (achieved at some", "title": "FIDE titles" }, { "id": "1616780", "text": "only player of either sex to have won eight different tournaments at least seven times. She was ranked in the world's top 10 in singles for a record 20 consecutive years (1975–1994), a span which included 19 years in the top 5, 15 years in the top 3, and 7 years as the world No. 1 ranked singles player. Navratilova is regarded by many to be the greatest female tennis player of all time. In women's doubles, Navratilova and Pam Shriver had one of the most successful partnerships in women's doubles and won 109 consecutive matches including all four major", "title": "Martina Navratilova" }, { "id": "14783465", "text": "feature in the ITTF Pro Tour five more times, in 1997, 1999, 2001, 2009 and in 2011, when it was held for the last time. The record for the most men's singles tournament wins is held by Richard Bergmann, who won six titles between 1939 and 1954, including two while representing Austria and four while representing England. Maria Alexandru of Romania holds the record for the most women's singles tournaments wins, having won six titles between 1963 and 1974. From 1921 to 1926 the tournament was called the English National Championships and was organised by the Table Tennis Association. In", "title": "English Open (table tennis)" }, { "id": "4520918", "text": "qualify effective with the inaugural tournament in 2019. The number following some winners' names indicates the cumulative number of U.S. Women's Open wins for that player. (a) = Amateur<br> † = Won 5 and 4 over Betty Jameson in 36-hole match play final This table lists the golfers who have won more than one U.S. Women's Open. The defending champion has retained the title on seven occasions, most recently in 2001: Through 2018, three consecutive championships has not been achieved. This table lists the total number of titles won by golfers of each nationality. Source: United States Women's Open Championship", "title": "United States Women's Open Championship (golf)" }, { "id": "18554479", "text": "even if not consecutively, is referred to as a \"Career Grand Slam\". Winning the four Majors and a gold medal in tennis at the Summer Olympics has been called a \"Golden Slam\" since 1988. Winning all four plus gold at some point in a career, even if not consecutively, is referred to as a \"Career Golden Slam\". Winning the Year-End Championship also having won a Golden Slam is referred to as a \"Super Slam\". Winning the four Majors in all three disciplines a player is eligible for – singles, doubles, and mixed doubles – is considered winning a \"boxed set\"", "title": "All-time tennis records – women's singles" }, { "id": "4855125", "text": "Pam Teeguarden Pam Teeguarden (born April 17, 1951) is a former American professional tennis player in the 1970s and 1980s, ranked in the top 20 from 1970–1975, according to \"John Dolan's Women's Tennis Ultimate Guide\", prior to computer rankings. She won two Grand Slam Doubles Titles and was a quarter finalist in singles at the U.S. Open and The French Open. Her father Jerry, a well known coach, helped Margaret Court win the coveted Grand Slam (all four Grand Slam titles in one year) in 1970 and Virginia Wade to her 1977 Wimbledon triumph. Teeguarden was voted the \"Most Watchable", "title": "Pam Teeguarden" }, { "id": "680769", "text": "origins to the inaugural Virginia Slims tournament, arranged by Gladys Heldman, sponsored by Joe Cullman, CEO of Philip Morris, and held on 23 September 1970 at the Houston Racquet Club in Houston, Texas. Rosie Casals won this first event. When the Women's Tennis Association was founded, Billie Jean King was one of nine players that comprised the WTA, also referred to as the Original 9, that included Julie Heldman, Valerie Ziegenfuss, Judy Dalton, Kristy Pigeon, Peaches Bartkowicz, Kerry Melville Reid, Nancy Richey, and Rosie Casals. Today, the WTA has more than 2,500 players from nearly 100 countries competing for $146", "title": "Women's Tennis Association" }, { "id": "680788", "text": "player interest, handles grievances, changes in the tennis schedule and other concerns. 2017 Players’ Council The WTA rankings are based on a rolling 52-week, cumulative system. A player's ranking is determined by her results at a maximum of 16 tournaments for singles and 11 for doubles and points are awarded based on how far a player advances in a tournament. The basis for calculating a player's ranking are those tournaments that yield the highest ranking points during the rolling 52-week period with the condition that they must include points from the Grand Slams, Premier Mandatory tournaments, and the WTA Finals.", "title": "Women's Tennis Association" }, { "id": "680789", "text": "In addition, for Top 20 players, their best two results at Premier 5 tournaments will also count. All WTA players also have a Universal Tennis Rating, based on head-to-head results. The points distribution for tournaments in 2017 is shown below. S = singles players, D = doubles teams, Q = qualification players. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Assumes undefeated Round Robin match record. \"+H\" indicates that Hospitality is provided. These lists are based on the WTA Rankings. The Global Advisory Council of international business leaders has sixteen members . Women's Tennis Association The Women's Tennis Association (WTA), founded in 1973 by Billie Jean King,", "title": "Women's Tennis Association" } ]

[ "Carl Smith", "Shirly Lyn" ]

[ { "id": "14121937", "text": "I Overlooked an Orchid \"I Overlooked an Orchid\" is a country song that was a hit for Mickey Gilley in 1974. It was first recorded by Carl Smith in 1950, achieving only modest sales when it was released as a single through Columbia Records. Country act Johnnie & Jack recorded the song in 1962 as part of their album \"Smiles and Tears\", then it was released as the B-side to their single \"Bye Bye Love\" in early 1963. Various people are credited with writing the song. Carl Smith has been named co-writer along with Arthur Q. Smith and Shirly Lyn.", "title": "I Overlooked an Orchid" }, { "id": "14121938", "text": "\"Shirly Lyn\" is a pseudonym of songwriter Troy Lee Martin, who wrote under several names to get more money from his employer, Ralph Peer of Peer-Southern. Carl Story was recorded telling a disc jockey that he wrote the song, but Carl Smith denied this version of events, pointing instead to Arthur Q. Smith as the co-writer. Kentucky historian W. Lynn Nickell has described how Kentuckian Paul Gilley wrote the lyrics, then sold the song along with the rights, so that others could take credit for it. Paul Gilley (no relation to Mickey Gilley) wrote other songs and sold them the", "title": "I Overlooked an Orchid" }, { "id": "14121940", "text": "total of fourteen weeks on the country chart. The Gilley version had a small amount of crossover interest, peaking at #104 in the Cashbox \"Looking Ahead\" survey, August 1974. I Overlooked an Orchid \"I Overlooked an Orchid\" is a country song that was a hit for Mickey Gilley in 1974. It was first recorded by Carl Smith in 1950, achieving only modest sales when it was released as a single through Columbia Records. Country act Johnnie & Jack recorded the song in 1962 as part of their album \"Smiles and Tears\", then it was released as the B-side to their", "title": "I Overlooked an Orchid" }, { "id": "14121939", "text": "same way, including the lyrics to \"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry\" and \"Cold, Cold Heart\", both for Hank Williams. Troy Lee Martin also copyrighted the song \"If Teardrops Were Pennies\" for Peer-Southern, but Nickell shows that Paul Gilley wrote it, too. \"I Overlooked an Orchid\" was recorded by American country music artist Mickey Gilley, released in June 1974 as the second single from the album \"Room Full of Roses\". \"I Overlooked an Orchid\" was Mickey Gilley's second country hit and second number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for a week and spent a", "title": "I Overlooked an Orchid" }, { "id": "13365420", "text": "Gordon Chambers Gordon Anthony Chambers (c. 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and record producer who has written songs for more than 75 recording artists including Angie Stone, Yolanda Adams, The Isley Brothers, Brandy, Trey Songz, Chaka Khan, Patti Labelle, Usher, Marc Anthony, Jamie Foxx, Aretha Franklin, Whitney Houston and Beyoncé Knowles. His number-1 hits as lyricist include Anita Baker's Grammy-winning hit \"I Apologize\", Brownstone's Grammy-nominated hit \"If You Love Me\", Angie Stone's \"No More Rain (In This Cloud)\", the Grammy-nominated theme of 1996's \"Set It Off\" \"Missing You\" (performed by Brandy, Tamia, Gladys Knight and Chaka Khan) and Yolanda Adams", "title": "Gordon Chambers" }, { "id": "2172384", "text": "War I, and became head of the clerical staff. Later he became a lyricist. In this role, he is best known as the credited writer or co-writer of the lyrics to \"Me and My Shadow,\" \"Great Day\" (with Edward Eliscu), \"Does the Spearmint Lose Its Flavor on the Bedpost Overnight\" (with Marty Bloom), \"I Found a Million Dollar Baby\" (with Mort Dixon) and \"It's Only a Paper Moon\" (with E. Y. Harburg). Most of Rose's lyrical credits were collaborations. Biographer Earl Conrad said, \"Nobody clearly knew what he wrote or didn't write... Publishers tend to credit him with writing the", "title": "Billy Rose" }, { "id": "7064403", "text": "Jim Vallance James Douglas Vallance, (born May 31, 1952) is a Canadian semi-retired songwriter, arranger and producer based out of Vancouver, British Columbia. He is best known as the songwriting partner of Canadian international musician Bryan Adams. Vallance began his professional career as the original drummer and main songwriter for Canadian rock band Prism under the pseudonym \"Rodney Higgs.\" In addition to Adams, Vallance has written songs for many famous international artists such as Bonnie Raitt, Aerosmith, Carly Simon, Rod Stewart, Roger Daltrey, Tina Turner, Alice Cooper, Ozzy Osbourne, Kiss, Scorpions, Anne Murray, and Joe Cocker. His most recognizable songs", "title": "Jim Vallance" }, { "id": "11063891", "text": "Song Sung Blue \"Song Sung Blue\" is a 1972 hit song written and recorded by Neil Diamond, inspired by the second movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto #21. It was released on Diamond's album, \"Moods\" and later appeared on many of Diamond's live and compilation albums. It was his second #1 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in the United States, after 1970's \"Cracklin' Rosie\", and to date his last solo #1 song (he had #1 duet with Barbra Streisand in 1978: You Don't Bring Me Flowers). It spent twelve weeks in the Top 40. In addition, \"Song Sung Blue\"", "title": "Song Sung Blue" }, { "id": "6947498", "text": "Teddy Geiger Teddy Geiger (born September 16, 1988), also known as teddy<3, is an American musician, singer-songwriter and record producer. She was originally signed to Columbia Records as an artist, and now focuses on writing and production for other artists. She has written songs for artists including Shawn Mendes, One Direction, Tiesto, Empire of the Sun, James Blunt, Birdy and DJ Snake. Geiger's compositions and productions have sold over 30 million units worldwide and include \"Stitches\", which won the 2017 BMI Song of the Year award, as well as Mendes' other singles \"Treat You Better\", \"Mercy\", \"There's Nothing Holdin' Me", "title": "Teddy Geiger" }, { "id": "9009362", "text": "Angel (Aerosmith song) \"Angel\" is a power ballad by American rock band Aerosmith. It was written by lead singer Steven Tyler and professional songwriting collaborator Desmond Child. It was released in 1988 as the third single from the band's successful 1987 album \"Permanent Vacation.\" It quickly climbed to #3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, which at the time was their highest charting single ever. The song currently ranks second behind the 1998 smash \"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing\", which was Aerosmith's first single (and as of 2018, only single) to top the Hot 100. The song is in", "title": "Angel (Aerosmith song)" }, { "id": "7064431", "text": "years and is currently an electronic musician for house/alternative band Bob Moses. Jim Vallance James Douglas Vallance, (born May 31, 1952) is a Canadian semi-retired songwriter, arranger and producer based out of Vancouver, British Columbia. He is best known as the songwriting partner of Canadian international musician Bryan Adams. Vallance began his professional career as the original drummer and main songwriter for Canadian rock band Prism under the pseudonym \"Rodney Higgs.\" In addition to Adams, Vallance has written songs for many famous international artists such as Bonnie Raitt, Aerosmith, Carly Simon, Rod Stewart, Roger Daltrey, Tina Turner, Alice Cooper, Ozzy", "title": "Jim Vallance" }, { "id": "6947502", "text": "a relationship with actress Emily Hampshire. In November 2018, Geiger announced that she and Emily Hampshire are engaged. Teddy Geiger Teddy Geiger (born September 16, 1988), also known as teddy<3, is an American musician, singer-songwriter and record producer. She was originally signed to Columbia Records as an artist, and now focuses on writing and production for other artists. She has written songs for artists including Shawn Mendes, One Direction, Tiesto, Empire of the Sun, James Blunt, Birdy and DJ Snake. Geiger's compositions and productions have sold over 30 million units worldwide and include \"Stitches\", which won the 2017 BMI Song", "title": "Teddy Geiger" }, { "id": "5425541", "text": "Cory Rooney Cory Rooney (born Mark Cory Rooney) is a Grammy Award winning American songwriter, record producer, and C.E.O. of Cory Rooney Group. He has written, produced, and developed many successful songs and careers for artists including Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Thalia, Michael Jackson, and Destiny's Child. Rooney was raised in Jamaica, Queens, New York City and at an early age he was exposed to the music industry by his parents, Herb Rooney and Brenda Reid of The Exciters, who toured with The Beatles in the early 1960s. His father later branched out", "title": "Cory Rooney" }, { "id": "2748220", "text": "Tom Hamilton (musician) Thomas William Hamilton (born December 31, 1951) is an American musician, best known as the bassist for the hard rock bands Aerosmith and Thin Lizzy. He has regularly co-written songs for Aerosmith, including two of the band's biggest hits: \"Sweet Emotion\" (1975) and \"Janie's Got a Gun\" (1989). Hamilton occasionally plays guitar (e.g. \"Uncle Salty\") and sings backing vocals (e.g. \"Love in an Elevator\"). Thomas William Hamilton was born to George and Betty Hamilton in Colorado Springs, Colorado. George and Betty now live in Vero Beach, Florida. He has an older brother named Scott, an older sister", "title": "Tom Hamilton (musician)" }, { "id": "9060823", "text": "Perfect has signed David Jordan (singer) (whose 2007 debut album, Set The Mood, has sold over 150,000 copies), singer-songwriter Kid Harpoon, Alistair Griffin, and Tim Hutton (whose recent co-writes include Ian Brown and Sugardaddy, a partnership with Tom Findlay from Groove Armada). Two of Perfect's most enduring songwriters were both signed as almost complete unknowns, and have since collected an impressive line of Grammy nominations and awards. Seal, whose hits include Crazy, Kiss From A Rose, Killer and Future Love Paradise. And Marsha Ambrosius, who signed to Perfect in the very early 2000s (decade) and has written for and in", "title": "Perfect Songs" }, { "id": "14894340", "text": "Arthur Hamilton Arthur Hamilton (born Arthur Stern, ) is an American songwriter. He is best known for writing the song \"Cry Me a River\", first published in 1953, and recorded by Julie London and numerous other artists. Arthur \"Art\" Stern was born in Seattle, Washington, the son of songwriter Jack Stern (1896–1985), and moved as an infant with his family to Hollywood, California. He learned piano as a child, and also studied music theory and counterpoint. He later changed his name to Arthur Hamilton. In 1949 he wrote an early live television musical for KTTV in Los Angeles, California. He", "title": "Arthur Hamilton" }, { "id": "4177753", "text": "Billy Steinberg William Endfield \"Billy\" Steinberg (born February 26, 1950) is an American songwriter. He achieved his greatest success in the 1980s with songwriting partner Tom Kelly; together the two wrote or co-wrote the No. 1 hits \"Like a Virgin\" by Madonna (1984), \"True Colors\" by Cyndi Lauper (1986), \"Eternal Flame\" by the Bangles (1989), \"So Emotional\" by Whitney Houston (1987) and \"Alone\" (covered by Heart in 1987). They also wrote or co-wrote the hit songs \"I Drove All Night\" (recorded by various artists, 1987), \"I Touch Myself\" by Divinyls (1990), and \"I'll Stand By You\" by The Pretenders (1994).", "title": "Billy Steinberg" }, { "id": "3917640", "text": "Albert Hammond Albert Louis Hammond OBE (born 18 May 1944) is a Gibraltarian singer, songwriter, and record producer. A prolific songwriter, he collaborated most notably with the songwriters Mike Hazlewood, John Bettis, Diane Warren as well as Holly Knight, Carole Bayer Sager. He wrote commercially successful singles for artists including Celine Dion, Joe Dolan, Aretha Franklin, Whitney Houston, Diana Ross, Leo Sayer, Tina Turner, Glen Campbell, Julio Iglesias, Willie Nelson, and Bonnie Tyler, and bands Ace of Base, Air Supply, Blue Mink, Chicago, Heart, Living in a Box, The Carpenters, The Hollies, The Pipkins, Starship, and Westlife. Notable songs co-written", "title": "Albert Hammond" }, { "id": "7953006", "text": "Jeff Lorber Jeffrey H. Lorber (born November 4, 1952) is an American keyboardist, composer, and record producer. After six previous nominations, Lorber won his first Grammy Award on Jan. 28, 2018 for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album for \"Prototype\" by his band The Jeff Lorber Fusion. Many of his songs have appeared on The Weather Channel's \"Local on the 8s\" segments and on the channel's compilation albums, \"\" and \"\". He was nominated for a Grammy Award for his album \"He Had a Hat\" (Blue Note, 2007) Lorber was born to a Jewish family in Cheltenham, Pennsylvania, the same suburb as", "title": "Jeff Lorber" }, { "id": "211491", "text": "was responsible for 25 \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one singles as performer, writer or co-writer. \"Imagine\" topped the US singles chart compiled by \"Record World\" magazine, however, in 1971. Citations Sources John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon (9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, and peace activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. Along with George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group would ascend to worldwide fame during the 1960s. After the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon", "title": "John Lennon" }, { "id": "4578616", "text": "Gregg Alexander, and acted as the group's keyboardist, percussionist and backing vocalist. She has also recorded two solo albums, \"Arrive All Over You\" and \"Portable Life\", both of which were produced by Alexander. She has written or co-written a number of songs, including Natasha Bedingfield's hit singles \"Unwritten\", and \"Pocketful of Sunshine\". In January 2015, Brisebois and Alexander were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song \"Lost Stars\" from the film \"Begin Again\". Brisebois was born on June 28, 1969, in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Mary and Frank Brisebois, a computer instructor. She", "title": "Danielle Brisebois" }, { "id": "14358078", "text": "is a list of songs that feature Lauren Evans as lead vocalist. Below is a selective list of songs written or co-written by Lauren Evans. Lauren Evans Lauren Evans (born February 3, 1983) is an American singer and platinum-selling songwriter. She is a ASCAP Award Winner and has written hit singles for Alexandra Burke, Monrose, Jordin Sparks, and Camila. As a songwriter, Evans has achieved five platinum certifications and two gold certifications in six different countries. Evans grew up in San Bernardino, California, the daughter of a pastor, John Evans, of Promise Keepers and Maranatha! Music; a Christian record label", "title": "Lauren Evans" }, { "id": "10129486", "text": "Michael Masser Michael William Masser (March 24, 1941 – July 9, 2015) was an American songwriter, composer and producer of popular music. Born to a Jewish family in Chicago to Ester Huff and William Masser, he attended the University of Illinois College of Law. He became a stockbroker, but left to pursue his interest in music. Masser's first major composition hit, co-written with Ron Miller, was \"Touch Me in the Morning\", recorded by Diana Ross. He co-wrote several other hit songs in the 1970s and 1980s, including four made famous by Whitney Houston, \"Didn't We Almost Have It All\", \"Saving", "title": "Michael Masser" }, { "id": "5862005", "text": "the United States to radio airplay. It peaked at number fourteen on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and also charting at number two and thirty-six, respectively, on alternative \"Billboard\" charts in 2001 and 2002. There was no music video released for the song. \"Butterflies\" was recorded by Michael Jackson in 2001 for his tenth studio album, \"Invincible\", which was released the same year. The song was written by Andre Harris and Marsha Ambrosius, who is one half of the London bred neo-soul act Floetry, and was produced by Jackson and Harris. Jackson first met Ambrosius and Natalie Stewart, who is also", "title": "Butterflies (Michael Jackson song)" }, { "id": "2352902", "text": "than 800 songs. Other well known Warren hits included \"I Only Have Eyes for You\", \"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\", \"Jeepers Creepers\", \"The Gold Diggers' Song (We're in the Money)\", \"That's Amore\", \"The More I See You\", \"At Last\" and \"Chattanooga Choo Choo\" (the last of which was the first gold record in history). Warren was one of America's most prolific film composers,and his songs have been featured in over 300 films. Warren was born Salvatore Antonio Guaragna, one of eleven children of Italian immigrants Antonio (a bootmaker) and Rachel De Luca Guaragna, and grew up in Brooklyn,", "title": "Harry Warren" }, { "id": "21013995", "text": "Mitch Dane Mitch Dane is an American record producer, musician, and songwriter who resides in Nashville. His work with artists include Jars of Clay, JJ Heller, Brandon Heath, Jetty Rae, Sonia Leigh, The Blind Boys of Alabama and many others.. He was awarded a Grammy for his work on Jars of Clay's \"11th Hour\", and nominated for Grammy's for his work on 4 other albums. Dane also received an ASCAP's \"Most Played Song\" award for \"Nothing Without You\" co-written with Bebo Norman. Mitch owns the recording studio Sputnik Sound with Vance Powell. At age 14, Dane was involved in a", "title": "Mitch Dane" }, { "id": "3186670", "text": "Rupert Holmes Rupert Holmes (born David Goldstein on February 24, 1947) is a British-American composer, singer-songwriter, musician, dramatist and author. He is widely known for the hit singles \"Escape (The Piña Colada Song)\" (1979) and \"Him\" (1980). He is also known for his musicals \"Drood\", which earned him two Tony Awards, and \"Curtains\", and for his television series \"Remember WENN\". Holmes was born David Goldstein in Northwich, Cheshire, England. His father, Leonard Eliot Goldstein, was a United States Army warrant officer and bandleader. His mother, Gwendolen Mary (\"nee\" Pynn), was English, and both were musical. Holmes has dual British and", "title": "Rupert Holmes" }, { "id": "872367", "text": "pop stars are most often nominated in the songwriting category. A handful that were nominated in the Scoring categories includes: The Beatles, Prince, Pete Townshend, Rod McKuen, Isaac Hayes, Kris Kristofferson, Quincy Jones, Randy Newman, Anthony Newley, Paul Williams, Tom Waits, David Byrne, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Trent Reznor and Matthew Wilder. Record producers George Martin (The Beatles) and Jerry Wexler (Atlantic Records) also received nominations in the Scoring categories. At the age of 87, Ennio Morricone became the oldest winner in Oscar history at the time for a competitive award. The following is a list of composers nominated more than once", "title": "Academy Award for Best Original Score" }, { "id": "3917652", "text": "Man Half Biscuit paid tribute to Hammond in their 1986 track \"Albert Hammond Bootleg\". In May 2015, Hammond collected the Ivor Novello award for outstanding song collection. Albert Hammond Albert Louis Hammond OBE (born 18 May 1944) is a Gibraltarian singer, songwriter, and record producer. A prolific songwriter, he collaborated most notably with the songwriters Mike Hazlewood, John Bettis, Diane Warren as well as Holly Knight, Carole Bayer Sager. He wrote commercially successful singles for artists including Celine Dion, Joe Dolan, Aretha Franklin, Whitney Houston, Diana Ross, Leo Sayer, Tina Turner, Glen Campbell, Julio Iglesias, Willie Nelson, and Bonnie Tyler,", "title": "Albert Hammond" }, { "id": "14894343", "text": "and others. On many occasions, Hamilton worked exclusively as a lyricist; his long list of collaborators includes such composers as Walter Jurmann, Armando Manzanero, Jerry Fielding, Johnny Mandel, Michel Legrand, David Raksin, Robert Ragland, Riz Ortolani, Terry Trotter, Lori Barth, Barry Mann, Dave Grusin, Walter Scharf, Joe Harnell, Leroy Holmes, Harriet Schock, Ron Anthony, and Patrick Williams. Hamilton has also been nominated for an Oscar, two Emmys, and a Golden Globe. He is Member of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Music Branch). Arthur Hamilton Arthur Hamilton (born Arthur Stern, ) is an", "title": "Arthur Hamilton" }, { "id": "1679527", "text": "Doris Fisher (songwriter) Doris Fisher (May 2, 1915 – January 15, 2003) was an American singer and songwriter, collaborating both as lyricist and composer. She co-wrote many popular songs in the 1940s, including \"Whispering Grass\", \"You Always Hurt the One You Love\", \"Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall\", \"That Ole Devil Called Love\", and \"Put the Blame on Mame.\" Her songs were recorded by the Ink Spots, Louis Prima, Billie Holiday, Bing Crosby, the Andrews Sisters, Pearl Bailey, the Mills Brothers and Ella Fitzgerald amongst others. Fisher was born in New York, the daughter of noted songwriter Fred Fisher.", "title": "Doris Fisher (songwriter)" }, { "id": "14617091", "text": "of \"London's Most Influential People in 2011.\" He has been nominated for numerous Grammy Awards including \"Album of the Year\" for his work on Rihanna's \"Loud\". His record label, KIDinaKORNER, is a subdivision of Interscope Records. In both 2013 and 2014, Grant (as owner of KIDinaKORNER Records) was chosen by Billboard Magazine for their \"Top 40 Under 40.\" In 2016, Grant released his first solo project as an artist. The single, “Not Easy” features X Ambassadors, Elle King and Wiz Khalifa via KIDinaKORNER/RCA Records. The track was written and produced by Alex da Kid for KIDinaKORNER, Sam Harris, Casey Harris,", "title": "Alex da Kid" }, { "id": "14767561", "text": "One (Sky Ferreira song) \"One\" is a song by American singer Sky Ferreira. The song was written by Ferreira, Christian Karlsson, Pontus Winnberg, Magnus Lidehäll, Marit Bergman, and Pontus Winnberg, and produced by Bloodshy & Avant. It was released as a single on August 20, 2010. \"One\" is a synth-pop and Europop song. It was written by Ferreira and Marit Bergman in less than 30 minutes, and was produced by Bloodshy & Avant, who were responsible for some of Britney Spears' singles such as \"Toxic\", \"Piece of Me\", and \"Radar\". Ferreira stated the song is about \"being numb and wanting", "title": "One (Sky Ferreira song)" }, { "id": "9009363", "text": "E major. Angel (Aerosmith song) \"Angel\" is a power ballad by American rock band Aerosmith. It was written by lead singer Steven Tyler and professional songwriting collaborator Desmond Child. It was released in 1988 as the third single from the band's successful 1987 album \"Permanent Vacation.\" It quickly climbed to #3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, which at the time was their highest charting single ever. The song currently ranks second behind the 1998 smash \"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing\", which was Aerosmith's first single (and as of 2018, only single) to top the Hot 100. The song", "title": "Angel (Aerosmith song)" }, { "id": "8731813", "text": "Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner", "title": "Hurston-Wright Legacy Award" }, { "id": "2968757", "text": "Alex Lloyd Alex Lloyd (born 19 September 1974) is an Australian singer-songwriter. His most popular album \"Watching Angels Mend,\" which includes the songs \"Amazing\" and \"Green\", was released in 2001 and went double platinum. His third album \"Distant Light\" released in 2003 featured three songs that made the Australian top 40 singles charts. He has also won two ARIA awards for \"Male Artist of the Year\" in 2000 and 2002. Born Alexander Wasiliev to a father of Russian descent and a mother of Irish descent, Lloyd grew up in the inner Sydney suburb of Balmain, New South Wales, where he", "title": "Alex Lloyd" }, { "id": "1520490", "text": "Burt Bacharach Burt Freeman Bacharach ( ; born May 12, 1928) is an American composer, songwriter, record producer, pianist, and singer who has composed hundreds of pop songs from the late 1950s through the 1980s, many in collaboration with lyricist Hal David. A six-time Grammy Award winner and three-time Academy Award winner, Bacharach's songs have been recorded by more than 1,000 different artists. , he had written 73 US and 52 UK Top 40 hits. He is considered one of the most important composers of 20th-century popular music. His music is characterized by unusual chord progressions, influenced by his background", "title": "Burt Bacharach" }, { "id": "10007737", "text": "Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers are New York-based songwriters and record producers who are business partners and friends. They have produced hits for Ruben Studdard, Wild Orchid, Christina Aguilera, Evelyn Champagne King, and Rihanna. They helped build the career of Rihanna, and are the principals of her production company named SRP Music Group. As songwriters and record producers, Rogers and Sturken have achieved more than twenty top 40 hits, twelve top 5 hits and six BMI Awards. Their songs have sold more than 60 million albums around the world. Sturken & Rogers started their careers", "title": "Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers" }, { "id": "4162055", "text": "from the US (and later CD) release in a number of respects, including the fact that all the songs are credited to Curnin/West-Oram/Woods/Greenall/Barrett, with lyrics attributed to Cy Curnin only, and that the engineer is listed as Stephen W Tayler rather than Taylor. On the US LP version, \"Sinking Island\" and \" Time In A Glass\" are dropped; \"I Found You\" and \"The Strain\" are added; and the track order is resequenced. All songs are credited as being written by Charlie Barrett, Cy Curnin, Rupert Greenall, and Jamie West-Oram, except where noted. The CD version adds two tracks, (including \"Sinking", "title": "Shuttered Room" }, { "id": "8831517", "text": "making, Vance published his memoir, titled \"Catch a Falling Star\". Vance currently resides in Boca Raton, Florida. His son, Philip, who sang the chorus of \"Playground in my Mind\" with Clint Holmes, died on December 13, 2009, at age 44. Paul Vance Paul Vance (born Joseph Paul Florio on November 4, 1929 in Brooklyn, New York, United States) is an American songwriter and record producer. With over 300 recorded songs, Vance co-wrote (with Lee Pockriss) such hits as \"Catch a Falling Star,\" recorded in 1957 by Perry Como, which topped Billboard's \"Most Played By Jockeys\" chart and became one of", "title": "Paul Vance" }, { "id": "2007652", "text": "Billy Strayhorn William Thomas \"Billy\" Strayhorn (November 29, 1915 – May 31, 1967) was an American jazz composer, pianist, lyricist, and arranger, best remembered for his long-time collaboration with bandleader and composer Duke Ellington that lasted nearly three decades. His compositions include \"Take the 'A' Train\", \"Chelsea Bridge\", \"A Flower Is a Lovesome Thing\", and \"Lush Life\". Strayhorn was born in Dayton, Ohio. His family soon moved to the Homewood section of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. However, his mother's family was from Hillsborough, North Carolina, and she sent him there to protect him from his father's drunken sprees. Strayhorn spent many months", "title": "Billy Strayhorn" }, { "id": "8153203", "text": "Livingston singing the lyrics for the latter: \"A horse is a horse, of course, of course ...\". They received three Academy Awards for Best Song (for \"Buttons and Bows\", \"Mona Lisa\" and \"Que Sera Sera\") and a total of seven nominations. They also have a star together on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Livingston & Evans Livingston and Evans were the songwriting and composing team of Jay Livingston (1915-2001) and Ray Evans (1915-2007), who worked on movies, television and stage. They met while attending the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. They played together in bands. In either 1937 or 1938,", "title": "Livingston & Evans" }, { "id": "16719301", "text": "debuted at #1 on the iTunes Soundtrack chart and remained there for four weeks. \"A Billion Hits\" is the debut single by Ross Lynch. It is the first single off of the album. The song was written and produced by Mitch Allan and Jason Evigan. It was released on April 2, 2012. The song was composed by the songwriters Mitch Allan and Jason Evigan. On April 2, the song was officially released to iTunes. The video premiered on Disney Channel during \"Jessie\", on July 13, 2012. \"Heard It on the Radio\" is a song performed by Ross Lynch. It is", "title": "Austin & Ally (soundtrack)" }, { "id": "54470", "text": "Blues Hall of Fame in 1981 and the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in 1990. In his recordings of \"Lay Some Flowers on My Grave\", \"Lord, Send Me an Angel\" and \"Statesboro Blues,\" he pronounces his surname \"MacTell\", with the stress on the first syllable. One of McTell's most famous songs, \"Statesboro Blues,\" was frequently covered by the Allman Brothers Band and was one of their earliest signature songs; it also contributes to Canned Heat's \"Goin' Up the Country.\" A short list of some of the artists who have performed the song includes Taj Mahal, David Bromberg, Dave Van Ronk,", "title": "Blind Willie McTell" }, { "id": "12217180", "text": "Rob Fusari Rob Fusari, also known as 8Bit, is a Grammy-winning record producer and songwriter, best known for having #1 hits with Beyoncé, Kelly Rowland, Will Smith, Whitney Houston and Lady Gaga. Rob Fusari was born and raised in Livingston, New Jersey. A child prodigy, Fusari won numerous piano competitions at Radio City Music Hall at 8 years old. Fusari began writing songs while a student at William Paterson University. He started recording demos, and subsequently met hit songwriter Irwin Levine, who was known for writing \"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree\" and several other hits for", "title": "Rob Fusari" }, { "id": "19396695", "text": "Adam Pierce (Mice Parade) to serve as producer for \"Walking Into White\". Her fifth album, \"If We Dig Any Deeper It Could Get Dangerous,\" was produced by veteran English guitarist and singer-songwriter, Michael Chapman. Under the band name Mama, she and Zoë Pollock (writer and performer of hit single \"Sunshine On A Rainy Day\") recorded \"Crow Coyote Buffalo\" (2009), an album of songs co-written by the pair. McQuaid has also guested on albums by Clodagh Simonds, Wendy Arrowsmith, Colin Harper and the Cafe Orchestra amongst others. McQuaid's work has been likened to classic 1970s British folk singers such as Sandy", "title": "Sarah McQuaid" }, { "id": "16997089", "text": "and REX TO RICHES MUSIC. He moved full-time into music publishing in 1995 after establishing the REX BENSON MUSIC GROUP, which includes REX BENSON MUSIC (BMI), CHECKS TO REX MUSIC (ASCAP), and REX ROCKS (SESAC). Benson shared a portion of all publishing rights on songs he had written with Famous Music Corp until 1985, after which he retains all publishing rights on all songs he has written. Benson’s publishing credits for songs he has not written include “Buy Me a Rose” (recorded by Kenny Rogers with Alison Krauss and Billy Dean, also recorded by Luther Vandross); “Something In The Air”", "title": "Rex Benson (songwriter)" }, { "id": "15691636", "text": "The Undisputed Truth (The Undisputed Truth album) The Undisputed Truth is the self titled debut album of the Motown group of the same name. Released in 1971, it was produced entirely by Norman Whitfield. The album includes the group's biggest hit single (and only US Top 40 hit), \"Smiling Faces Sometimes\", which peaked at #3 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Chart. Many of the songs on this album were also recorded by the group's Motown labelmates, The Temptations (also produced by Norman Whitfield). \"Save My Love For A Rainy Day\", for example, was originally recorded by The Temptations for", "title": "The Undisputed Truth (The Undisputed Truth album)" }, { "id": "5531151", "text": "Orson Welles' last film. Bishop was the musical guest on the March 11, 1978, episode of NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\". Patrick Bateman, the fictional antihero from Bret Easton Ellis' film \"American Psycho\", is an avowed fan of Bishop. Eric Clapton mentioned Bishop in his autobiography as one of his favorite singer-songwriters. Numerous artists have recorded songs written by Bishop. These include: Stephen Bishop (singer) Earl Stephen Bishop (born November 14, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter, actor, and guitarist. His biggest hits include \"On and On\", \"It Might Be You\" and \"Save It for a Rainy Day\". He has appeared in", "title": "Stephen Bishop (singer)" }, { "id": "12551404", "text": "Linda Perry production discography Songs written, co-written and produced by Linda Perry. Tracks 1, 3, 4, 9 & 10 written by Linda Perry Track 2 written by Linda Perry & Katrina Sirdofsky Track 6 written by Linda Perry & Shaunna Hall Tracks 7 & 11 written by Linda Perry, Shaunna Hall, Christa Hillhouse & Wanda Day Track 8 written by Linda Perry, Shaunna Hall, Christa Hillhouse, Wanda Day & Dawn Richardson Written by Linda Perry & Roger Rocha Written by Linda Perry & Janis Ian in middle of 1995 Tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11 & 12", "title": "Linda Perry production discography" }, { "id": "4177766", "text": "in 1983. Notable songs written by Steinberg and Kelly include: Steinberg and Kelly were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2011. Kelly lost enthusiasm for songwriting in the mid-1990s, and went into semi-retirement in 1998. He remarried and had two more children with his second wife. As of 2011, he lives in Thousand Oaks, California near Sherwood Country Club where he enjoys playing golf regularly. Tom Kelly (musician) Thomas F. 'Tom' Kelly (born circa 1949) is an American musician, best known for his songwriting partnership with Billy Steinberg. Steinberg and Kelly co-wrote numerous hit songs for popular music", "title": "Tom Kelly (musician)" }, { "id": "2279310", "text": "Harold Arlen Harold Arlen (born Hyman Arluck; February 15, 1905 – April 23, 1986) was an American composer of popular music who composed over 500 songs, a number of which have become known worldwide. In addition to composing the songs for the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\" (lyrics by E.Y. Harburg), including the classic \"Over the Rainbow\", Arlen is a highly regarded contributor to the Great American Songbook. \"Over the Rainbow\" was voted the 20th century's No. 1 song by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). Arlen was born in", "title": "Harold Arlen" }, { "id": "19340383", "text": "Jeffrey E. Cohen Jeffrey E. Cohen is an American R&B, soul and funk songwriter and record producer who is best known for the collaboration with prolific singer-songwriter, record producer and drummer Narada Michael Walden. Together, they wrote for numerous artists like Jermaine Stewart, Patti Austin, Aretha Franklin, Shanice, Stacy Lattisaw, George Benson, Gladys Knight, Angela Bofill, Regina Belle, actor-singer Eddie Murphy and Clarence Clemons. As a solo songwriter, he wrote songs for Ryuichi Sakamoto, Herbie Hancock, Rick Astley and Santana. He's won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song along with Narada Michael Walden, for their work \"Freeway of Love\"", "title": "Jeffrey E. Cohen" }, { "id": "5726549", "text": "Sam Watters Samuel Joshua \"Sam\" Watters (born July 23, 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and record executive. Watters was a member of the multi-platinum selling 1990s R&B group Color Me Badd and co-authored many of their hits including “I Adore Mi Amor”, and “All 4 Love”. Watters has also written and produced songs for Grammy-winning and nominated artists such as \"American Idol\" winners Fantasia, Kelly Clarkson and Jordin Sparks, and other superstars such as Céline Dion, Whitney Houston, Leona Lewis, and Anastacia. Watters is a member of the production/songwriting team The Runaways including fellow hitmakers Rico Love,", "title": "Sam Watters" }, { "id": "19402010", "text": "release, \"Hero\". The songs from the EP are included in this album release with the exception of \"Company You Keep\". The additional songs in the album were co-written with Chris DeStefano, Natalie Hemby, Shane McAnally, and others. Morris has writing credits on all the songs in the album. The album's lead single, \"My Church\", was released on January 19, 2016. The album's second single, \"80s Mercedes\", was released to country radio on June 27, 2016. The album's third single, \"I Could Use a Love Song\" was released to country radio on March 27, 2017. \"Rich\" was released February 12, 2018", "title": "Hero (Maren Morris album)" }, { "id": "7382809", "text": "Phillip Phillips Phillip LaDon Phillips Jr. (born September 20, 1990) is an American singer and songwriter who won the eleventh season of \"American Idol\" on May 23, 2012. His coronation song, \"Home,\" became the all time best selling song from American Idol. His debut album \"The World from the Side of the Moon\" was released on November 19, 2012. His second album, \"Behind the Light\", was released on May 19, 2014. His third album, \"Collateral\" was released January 19, 2018. Phillips was born in Albany, Georgia, to Sheryl (Jacks) and Phillip LaDon \"Donnie\" Phillips, Sr., and moved to Leesburg, Georgia", "title": "Phillip Phillips" }, { "id": "11733166", "text": "to The Nu Forest featuring Jarvis Cocker and The Pastels. All songs written by Stephen McRobbie and Katrina Mitchell, except \"Everybody Is a Star\" by Sylvester Stewart and \"I Picked a Flower\" by Stephen McRobbie, Katrina Mitchell and Jarvis Cocker The Last Great Wilderness (album) The Last Great Wilderness is a soundtrack album by the Scottish band The Pastels, containing music from the film \"The Last Great Wilderness\". The music comprises mostly short and atmospheric pieces, while three of the songs (\"Winter Driving,\" \"Flora's Theme,\" and \"Flora Again\") are brief fragments of eerie vocal loops and bells. Along with a", "title": "The Last Great Wilderness (album)" }, { "id": "15217628", "text": "Garry Glenn Garry Glenn (May 12, 1955 – September 27, 1991) was an American singer and songwriter perhaps best known for writing the song “Caught Up In The Rapture” recorded by Anita Baker. He also wrote “Intimate Friends” that was recorded by Eddie Kendricks and later sampled by Alicia Keys for the Grammy Award-nominated recording “Unbreakable.” Garry Dewayne Glenn was born on May 12, 1955 in Detroit, the son of Robert and Bonnie (née Beard) Glenn. As a teenager, he toured with his sister, Gospel singer, Beverly Glenn. By the late 1970s, he turned his attention to songwriting. In the", "title": "Garry Glenn" }, { "id": "15217625", "text": "Garry Glenn Garry Glenn (May 12, 1955 – September 27, 1991) was an American singer and songwriter perhaps best known for writing the song “Caught Up In The Rapture” recorded by Anita Baker. He also wrote “Intimate Friends” that was recorded by Eddie Kendricks and later sampled by Alicia Keys for the Grammy Award-nominated recording “Unbreakable.” Garry Dewayne Glenn was born on May 12, 1955 in Detroit, the son of Robert and Bonnie (née Beard) Glenn. As a teenager, he toured with his sister, Gospel singer, Beverly Glenn. By the late 1970s, he turned his attention to songwriting. In the", "title": "Garry Glenn" }, { "id": "9956352", "text": "Pasek and Paul Benj Pasek and Justin Paul, known together as Pasek and Paul, are an American songwriting duo and composing team for musical theater, films, and television. Their works include \"\", \"Dogfight\", \"Edges\", \"Dear Evan Hansen\", and \"James and the Giant Peach\". Their original songs have been featured on NBC's \"Smash\" and in the films \"La La Land\", for which they won both the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song \"City of Stars,\" and The Greatest Showman. Their work on original musical \"Dear Evan Hansen\" has received widespread critical acclaim and earned them", "title": "Pasek and Paul" }, { "id": "18767397", "text": "single \"If I Didn't Have You\" for Amanda Marshall's \"Tuesdays Child\" CD with Eric Bazillian \"one of us\" going 3X Platinum in Canada and earning three Juno award nominations for \"Songwriter of The Year\", \"Album of The Year\", and \"Best Performance by a Female Vocalist\".He has co-written songs with the legendary Taj Mahal, Lana Del Rey, John Goodwin (\"Crazy Heart\", T-Bone Burnett), Michael Frante' and Spearhead, Simon Townshend (The Who), Scott Storch, Eric Bazilian (Joan Osborne,The Hooters), Kameron Houff, Bunny Sigler; and with Frank Zappa Alumni: Arthur Barrow, Tommy Mars, Warren Cuccurullo, Theoretical 5, Big Chief, and Patrick O'Hearn. Andy's", "title": "Andy Kravitz" }, { "id": "19408633", "text": "Rose\" in 1991, and \"Shallow Grave\" on \"All This Useless Beauty\" in 1996. \"My Brave Face\" and \"Veronica\" are respectively McCartney's and Costello's last Top 40 hit singles in the United States. Demos of these songs have appeared as bonus tracks to the above albums, on bonus discs to the Costello Rhino reissues, and on the bonus discs to the 2017 reissue of \"Flowers in the Dirt\". Paul McCartney and Elvis Costello live Elvis Costello live Costello Album The Costello Album, also The McCartney/MacManus Collaboration, is a Paul McCartney album that includes work from his 1987–88 songwriting collaboration with Elvis", "title": "Costello Album" }, { "id": "10928192", "text": "list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list Vol. 4 Track list: Track list: Track list: Luis Vargas (musician) Luis Rafael Valdez Vargas (born ) is a Dominican singer and songwriter. He became involved in popular music after meeting a local musician who taught him how to", "title": "Luis Vargas (musician)" }, { "id": "3311718", "text": "wrote and produced the song \"Revolution\". Maida and Kreviazuk also co-wrote \"Outside of You\" with Pink but the song ended up on Hilary Duff's 2007 release, \"Dignity\". The two wrote and produced both the first single and theme for Cheyenne Kimball's MTV reality show and album \"The Day Has Come\". They wrote \"Meant to Fly\" for Eva Avila, the winner of the fourth season of \"Canadian Idol\", and wrote the first single of Rex Goudie's second album \"Look Closer\", called \"You Got to Me\". Most recently, they co-wrote the song \"Permanent\" with American Idol winner David Cook. Maida also collaborated", "title": "Raine Maida" }, { "id": "15968950", "text": "Bryan, Dierks Bentley, Tim McGraw, Toby Keith, Gary Allan, Blake Shelton, Miranda Lambert, Josh Turner, Billy Currington, Trace Adkins, Brooks & Dunn, Brad Paisley, and Faith Hill among others. Beavers' compositions have received multiple CMA, ACM, BMI, and NSAI nominations and awards. He is currently a board member of both the Country Music Association (CMA) and the Nashville Songwriters Association International (NSAI). Since 2008, Beavers has co-written nine #1 songs. Jim Beavers Jim Beavers is an American country music songwriter. Jim Beavers grew up in east Texas. His educational background includes a BBA from Baylor University and an MBA from", "title": "Jim Beavers" }, { "id": "2403774", "text": "ditty \"Pump It Up\" for Crystal Light, which was briefly available as an online download. She starred in the unreleased 2008 movie \"American Indian\" as Young Darlene. She wrote the music for the song \"On Penguin Pond\" featured on the Jim Henson Company's \"Sid The Science Kid Soundtrack – Volume One\" (2009). Stefanie Ridel has turned her focus towards writing and producing music. She co-wrote and produced tracks for the following artists: Slumber Party Girls, Joanna Pacitti, Prima J, Girlicious, Pussycat Dolls, LaKisha Jones, Orianthi, Days Difference, Allison Iraheta, Vanessa Amorosi, Miley Cyrus, Christina Aguilera (on the \"Burlesque\" Motion Picture", "title": "Wild Orchid (band)" }, { "id": "2691749", "text": "Atticus Ross Atticus Matthew Cowper Ross (born 16 January 1968) is an English musician, songwriter, record producer, and audio engineer. Along with Trent Reznor, Ross won the Academy Award for Best Original Score for \"The Social Network\" in 2010. In 2013, the pair won a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media for their soundtrack to \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\". In 2016, Ross became a member of Trent Reznor's band Nine Inch Nails. Ross was born in Ladbroke Grove, London, to Roxana Lampson and Ian Ross, a founder of Radio Caroline. He has five siblings, including", "title": "Atticus Ross" }, { "id": "19709139", "text": "Breyan Isaac Breyan Isaac (born May 24, 1980) is an American singer, songwriter, producer, and pianist based in Daytona Beach, Florida. He has written, produced, and performed on songs by a number of artists including, David Guetta, Flo Rida, Pitbull, Wiz Khalifa, Nicki Minaj, Charlie Puth, G-Eazy, Waka Flocka Flame, Lecrae, and others. Isaac has also received five consecutive awards for songwriting from BMI between 2013 and 2017, and was ranked the 76th best songwriter and producer in the world in 2015 by SS100. In 2018, he won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album for his work on Damian", "title": "Breyan Isaac" }, { "id": "12583447", "text": "Peter Zizzo Peter Eric Zizzo (born February 22, 1966) is an Emmy and Grammy Award winning American songwriter, music producer, musician and writer. Zizzo has written hits for artists such as Celine Dion, Avril Lavigne, Jennifer Lopez, Marit Larsen, O.A.R, Jason Mraz, Donna Summer, Diana Ross, M2M, Sir Cliff Richard, Clay Aiken, Howie Day, Kate Voegele, Jackie Evancho, Pixie Lott, Vanessa Carlton, and many others. He has been considered instrumental in developing the careers of artists Avril Lavigne, Vanessa Carlton in the US, and Pixie Lott in the UK. Recordings of his songs have collectively sold in excess of 100", "title": "Peter Zizzo" }, { "id": "16762220", "text": "premiered on BBC Radio 2 on 24 September 2012. The song received positive reviews from music critics, with critics enjoying the lyrical message and the production. A music video was shot for the single which premiered on Minogue's website. \"Flower\" was written by Minogue and Steve Anderson from Brothers in Rhythm for her tenth studio album \"X\" (2007). However it didn't make the final cut. Minogue wrote the song in 2007, along with many other songs while she was undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Minogue described the song as \"a love song to the child I may or may not", "title": "Flower (Kylie Minogue song)" }, { "id": "6289516", "text": "and John Entwistle. Whitlock and Moroder had other collaborations, for the films \"Over the Top\", \"American Anthem\" and \"Rambo III\", and also co-wrote the official theme songs for both the 1988 Summer Olympics (\"Hand In Hand\") and the 1990 FIFA World Cup (\"To Be Number One\"). In 2012, the Library of Congress honored Whitlock for his songwriting contributions. Whitlock is also drummer of the Missouri band, The Dog People, with Michael Granda (aka Supe Dujour), Jim Wunderle, and Terry Wilson. Tom Whitlock Thomas Ross \"Tom\" Whitlock (born 1954) is an American songwriter and musician, best known for his Academy Award-and", "title": "Tom Whitlock" }, { "id": "18296139", "text": "song written for him. Because the song made him feel better, he started writing songs for his patients. In early 2008, Eisenberg started Lyrical Life, an organization which writes songs for patients battling cancer. Later that year, Grammy nominated singer-songwriter and composer Peter Himmelman wrote a song about Eisenberg's work. In 2011, His efforts were featured on NBC's \"The Today Show\" with Jenna Bush Hager. By 2016, Eisenberg had written more than 100 songs. Eisenberg married Julie Shapiro in 2000 and has two daughters and a son. Steven Eisenberg Steven Eisenberg (born June 23, 1970) is a San Diego, California", "title": "Steven Eisenberg" }, { "id": "2748229", "text": "Global Warming tour Tom Hamilton (musician) Thomas William Hamilton (born December 31, 1951) is an American musician, best known as the bassist for the hard rock bands Aerosmith and Thin Lizzy. He has regularly co-written songs for Aerosmith, including two of the band's biggest hits: \"Sweet Emotion\" (1975) and \"Janie's Got a Gun\" (1989). Hamilton occasionally plays guitar (e.g. \"Uncle Salty\") and sings backing vocals (e.g. \"Love in an Elevator\"). Thomas William Hamilton was born to George and Betty Hamilton in Colorado Springs, Colorado. George and Betty now live in Vero Beach, Florida. He has an older brother named Scott,", "title": "Tom Hamilton (musician)" }, { "id": "12838620", "text": "instruments (both play the guitar and Smith occasionally plays drums and tambourine during live performances) and collaboratively write the songs. Most songs are written together except for \"I Wish You Were Dead,\" written by Pyle after a bad break-up, and \"Sugar,\" written by Smith after her divorce from ex-husband Jason Reposar in 2003. Smith wrote more songs on the album, such as \"Flower in My Hair\", with Hydrovibe guitarist Mat Dauzat two years prior to meeting Pyle. Smith met Dauzat at the home of Metallica bassist Robert Trujillo during a barbecue. Shortly after meeting they began collaborating. At the time", "title": "Smith & Pyle" }, { "id": "14109496", "text": "Rich Dodson Rich Dodson (born 1947, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian singer, song-writer and producer. He is the guitarist and a founding member of Canadian Rock trio, The Stampeders. He is best known for penning the group's biggest hit, \"Sweet City Woman\", which hit Number 1 in Canada, and Number 8 on \"Billboard\" in 1971. He also wrote other notable hits for the band such as \"Wild Eyes\" (1972), \"Devil You\" (1971), \"Johnny Lightning\" (1974) and \"Carry Me\" (1971). Dodson has stated that his influences come from instrumental bands of the 1960s such as The Ventures and The Shadows,", "title": "Rich Dodson" }, { "id": "14358071", "text": "Lauren Evans Lauren Evans (born February 3, 1983) is an American singer and platinum-selling songwriter. She is a ASCAP Award Winner and has written hit singles for Alexandra Burke, Monrose, Jordin Sparks, and Camila. As a songwriter, Evans has achieved five platinum certifications and two gold certifications in six different countries. Evans grew up in San Bernardino, California, the daughter of a pastor, John Evans, of Promise Keepers and Maranatha! Music; a Christian record label for which she has recorded several popular songs for. Evans' cover of \"You're Worthy of My Praise\" became an oft-played radio hit for the label.", "title": "Lauren Evans" }, { "id": "2913626", "text": "Susan Orlean Susan Orlean (born October 31, 1955) is a journalist and author. She has been a staff writer for \"The New Yorker\" since 1992, and has contributed articles to many magazines including \"Vogue\", \"Rolling Stone\", \"Esquire\", and \"Outside\". She is best known as the author of the 1998 book \"The Orchid Thief\", which was adapted into the film \"Adaptation\" (2002). Meryl Streep received an Academy Award nomination for her performance as Orlean. Orlean was raised in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the daughter of Edith (née Gross 1923-2016) and Arthur Orlean (1915-2007). She has a sister, Debra, and a brother, David.", "title": "Susan Orlean" }, { "id": "16923829", "text": "Kyle Townsend Kyle Townsend (born September 21, 1978) is an American record producer, musician and composer. He has produced songs for such acclaimed recording artists as 5-time GRAMMY Award winner Celine Dion, 9-time Academy Award nominated songwriter Diane Warren, as well as Mary J Blige, Lady Gaga, Jessie J, and Academy Award winner Jennifer Hudson and former President and First Lady Barack Obama and Michelle Obama. Townsend produced \"Stand Up for Something\" performed by Andra Day featuring Common, which was nominated for a Grammy award, as well as the Academy Award for Best Song. His contributions have earned 3 Grammy", "title": "Kyle Townsend" }, { "id": "18681083", "text": "Julia Michaels Julia Carin Cavazos (born November 13, 1993), known by her stage name Julia Michaels, is an American singer and songwriter from Davenport, Iowa. She began her career as a pop music songwriter, penning tracks that have been given to Selena Gomez, Demi Lovato, Fifth Harmony, Shawn Mendes, Britney Spears, Justin Bieber, Hailee Steinfeld, and Gwen Stefani. Michaels released her debut solo single with Republic Records in 2017, \"Issues\", which peaked at number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the United States, was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and garnered her Grammy Award", "title": "Julia Michaels" }, { "id": "12632982", "text": "Gwen Gordy Fuqua Gwen Fuqua (born Gwendolyn Gordy; November 26, 1927 – November 8, 1999) was an American businesswoman, songwriter and composer, most notably writing hit songs such as \"Lonely Teardrops\", \"All I Could Do Was Cry\" and \"Distant Lover\". She earned her full name after marrying Harvey Fuqua and kept the name after their divorce. Gwen Gordy was born to Berry Gordy Sr. and Bertha Ida (née Fuller) Gordy in Detroit. She was the youngest of the four Gordy sisters (Esther, Anna and Loucye) and the third youngest of the entire family (brothers Berry and Robert were born after", "title": "Gwen Gordy Fuqua" }, { "id": "3620039", "text": "see a U.S. release until it appeared on Antilles Records in 1976). He sold the writers' rights to his songs, but the details of how this transpired vary. On December 29, 1980, Hardin was found on the floor of his Hollywood apartment by longtime friend Ron Daniels. He died of a heroin overdose. His remains were buried in Twin Oaks Cemetery in Turner, Oregon. Tim Hardin James Timothy Hardin (December 23, 1941 – December 29, 1980) was an American folk musician and composer. He wrote the Top 40 hit \"If I Were a Carpenter\", covered by, among others, Bobby Darin,", "title": "Tim Hardin" }, { "id": "3428986", "text": "Hickey wrote \"Bluebirds Over the Mountain\", which he subsequently recorded and charted at No. 75 in the United States. The song was later recorded by Ritchie Valens in 1958 and was a top 100 hit for The Beach Boys in the United States and the United Kingdom in 1968. Hickey also wrote songs for other artists, including \"The Millionaire\" for Jackie Wilson, \"A Little Bird Told Me So\" for LaVern Baker, and \"Don't Let the Rain Come Down\", which was a US top ten hit for the Serendipity Singers. Hickey's contribution to the genre has been recognized by the Rockabilly", "title": "Ersel Hickey" }, { "id": "8876301", "text": "Missy Elliott production discography The following is a discography of songs with production and writing credits from American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Missy Elliott, sorted by album, date, and title. 'Raven-Symoné – \"Here's to New Dreams\" Tony Thompson – \"Sexsational\" Jason Weaver – \"Stay with Me\" (EP) Various – \"Dangerous Minds soundtrack\" 702 – \"No Doubt\" Aaliyah – \"One in a Million\" Busta Rhymes – \"It's a Party\" (Vinyl) Ginuwine – \"Ginuwine...The Bachelor\" Tha Truth – \"Makin' Moves\" Shades – \"Shades\" Adina Howard – \"Welcome to Fantasy Island\" Mariah Carey – \"Butterfly\" Puff Daddy & the Family –", "title": "Missy Elliott production discography" }, { "id": "20926739", "text": "Usher in the studio. Zaytoven and Usher previously collaborated on the 2009 single \"Papers\" from Usher's 2010 album \"Raymond v. Raymond\". In an interview Usher conducted the Thursday before the album release with \"The Fader\", he said \"Zaytoven and I were working on my project, my future album, actually. And we started working on songs, had great combinations between the first two, three, and we kept going.\" The album was recorded at Westlake Recording Studios in West Hollywood, California. The album features song-writers Elliott Trent, Dimitri McDowell, and American gospel singer Deitrick Haddon. According to \"Pitchfork\" journalist Briana Younger, \"“A“\"", "title": "A (Usher and Zaytoven album)" }, { "id": "19844075", "text": "Doug Edwards (musician) Doug Edwards (March 15, 1946 – November 11, 2016) was a Canadian musician, composer and multi instrumentalist best known for co-creating the hit song \"Wildflower\" for the pop/rock band Skylark. He was also part of The Hometown Band and later was bassist for Vancouver band Chilliwack. Edwards was born in Edmonton, Alberta to Dr. William Edwards and Muriel (née Brown). and learned piano from a young age. His father was a doctor who frequently moved the family around to Saskatchewan and England for brief periods of time. Eventually they moved to Victoria when Edwards was a teenager,", "title": "Doug Edwards (musician)" }, { "id": "17493652", "text": "Ron Perry (music) Ron Perry is an American music executive and the Chairman & CEO of Columbia Records. He is the former president of SONGS Music Publishing. A partner of SONGS since the company’s inception in 2004, Perry has signed and overseen the careers of artists and songwriters including The Weeknd, Lorde, Diplo, DJ Mustard, Major Lazer, Desiigner, Q-Tip and others. In 2014, Perry and Lorde co-A&R’d The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Pt. 1 - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. The album featured the hit “Yellow Flicker Beat,” which was nominated for Best Original Song at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards. Perry", "title": "Ron Perry (music)" }, { "id": "4584598", "text": "two Capitol albums. They had two Gold singles, \"Boogie Fever\" & \"Hot Line\", and a top ten single \"High School Dance\". Also successful collaborations for Perren were Tavares, for whom he produced three albums—\"Sky High!\", \"Love Storm\", and \"Future Bound\". Commercial highlights of his work with the group include co-writing and producing the number-one disco hits \"Don't Take Away The Music\" and \"Heaven Must Be Missing An Angel\", and producing the group's take on The Bee Gees' \"More Than A Woman\". Both groups' versions were featured in the landmark 1977 movie and . The Bee Gees recorded another of their", "title": "Freddie Perren" }, { "id": "18629753", "text": "Pharrell Williams, as well as co-writers Dan Romer, Saul Simon MacWilliams, Dave Bassett, Mikal Blue, Johan \"Izy\" Lindbrandt, Shari Short, Jamie Hartman, Jayson Dezuzio, Whitney Phillips, Tara Lee, and Foy Vance. Fredericks completed a US tour to support \"A Good Storm\" with 49 shows across the US, from May through September, 2016. On October 8, 2016, he sang the National Anthem and performed at the Patriot Awards Gala at the Medal of Honor Convention in Minneapolis, MN. Olivia Millerschin and Fredericks recorded a duet of her song \"When,\" which was released on her album \"Look Both Ways\" on September 23,", "title": "Sawyer Fredericks" }, { "id": "5710508", "text": "she produced a second full-length jazz record for Antonia Bennett of songs from the \"Great American Songbook\" called \"Embrace Me\", on Perseverance records. She has also produced tracks for Otep, Fefe Dobson, the Australian band, Porcelain, and 2014 Tony Award winner Lena Hall. In 2017, she contributed a chapter to the book \"Because I Was a Girl\", published by Holt. Knight has two sons and lives in Los Angeles. Holly Knight Holly Knight is an American songwriter, musician and singer. She was a member of the 1980s pop rock groups Spider and Device, and wrote or co-wrote several hit singles", "title": "Holly Knight" }, { "id": "16712704", "text": "Marv Green Marv Green (born in California) is an American country music songwriter. He is known for co-writing Lonestar's 1999 single \"Amazed\", which reached number 1 on both the Hot Country Songs and \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts. This song won him a Song of the Year award from Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI). Other songs that Green co-wrote include \"True\" by George Strait, \"Wasted\" by Carrie Underwood, \"Consider Me Gone\" by Reba McEntire, \"Let's Make Love\" by Tim McGraw and Faith Hill, \"Wild in Your Smile\" by Dustin Lynch, \"Farmer's Daughter\" by Rodney Atkins, \"Stronger Woman\" by Jewel, \"Proud of the", "title": "Marv Green" }, { "id": "19013410", "text": "Zaytoven Xavier Lamar Dotson, professionally known as Zaytoven, is an American record producer, DJ, and pianist from Atlanta, Georgia. He has released collaborative projects with artists including Usher, Future, Gucci Mane, Waka Flocka Flame, Lecrae, Young Scooter, Young Dolph, and Shy Glizzy. Zaytoven won a Grammy Award in 2011 for his contribution to Usher's \"Raymond v. Raymond\" album, as a co-producer and writer for the single \"Papers\" along with Sean Garrett. Xavier Lamar Dotson was born on January 12, 1980 in Frankfurt, Germany, while his father was stationed there in the U.S. Army. Zaytoven spent a lot of time at", "title": "Zaytoven" }, { "id": "10897859", "text": "Barry De Vorzon Barry De Vorzon (born July 31, 1934) is an American singer, songwriter, producer, and composer. His earliest hit compositions were \"Just Married\" (1958), written with Al Allen and recorded by Marty Robbins, which reached number 26 on \"Billboard\" magazine's Hot 100 chart and number one on the Country chart; and \"Dreamin'\" (1960), written with Ted Ellis, recorded by Johnny Burnette, and charting at number 11 on the Hot 100. Dorsey Burnette (whom he was managing) and De Vorzon co-wrote several of Dorsey's hits (\"Hey, Little One\"; \"Big Rock Candy Mountain\"; \"Red Roses\"; \"Noah's Ark\"). De Vorzon founded", "title": "Barry De Vorzon" }, { "id": "3297755", "text": "James Ingram James Edward Ingram (born February 16, 1952) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and instrumentalist. He is a two-time Grammy Award-winner and a two-time Academy Award nominee for Best Original Song. Since beginning his career in 1973, Ingram has charted eight Top 40 hits on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart from the early 1980s until the early 1990s, as well as thirteen top 40 hits on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. In addition, he charted 20 hits on the Adult Contemporary chart (including two number-ones). He had two number-one singles on the Hot 100: the first,", "title": "James Ingram" }, { "id": "5455884", "text": "he was nominated for the 1983 Tony Award for Best Original Score. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1985. Gene de Paul died in 1988 and was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Hollywood Hills. Gene de Paul Gene Vincent de Paul (June 17, 1919 – February 27, 1988) was an American pianist, composer and songwriter. Born in New York City, he served in the United States Army during World War II. Married to Billye Louise Files (November 23, 1924 - January 30, 1977) of Jack County, Texas. He joined the American Society", "title": "Gene de Paul" }, { "id": "9478538", "text": "Stephan Moccio Stephan Moccio is a Grammy and Academy Award-nominated composer, producer, pianist, arranger, conductor and recording artist. He co-wrote and co-produced the two end credit songs for \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" and its soundtrack: \"Earned It\" (The Weeknd) and \"I Know You\" (Skylar Grey). He also co-wrote Miley Cyrus' single \"Wrecking Ball\" from her 2013 studio album \"Bangerz\". He co-wrote Celine Dion's hit \"A New Day Has Come\" with Aldo Nova, which reached and held the number one spot on the Billboard AC Chart for a record breaking 21 weeks. For the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics, Moccio co-wrote the", "title": "Stephan Moccio" }, { "id": "12847415", "text": "Shellback (record producer) Johan Schuster (; born 1 February 1985), known professionally as Shellback, is a Swedish songwriter, record producer, and musician. Shellback was listed as the No. 1 producer of 2012 on \"Billboard\" magazine's year end chart, and he also topped the list of their \"Top 10 Songwriters Airplay Chart\" the same year; he has won four Grammy Awards. He regularly collaborates with songwriter Max Martin, and together they have produced, written, and/or co-written songs for P!nk, Taylor Swift, Adam Lambert, Britney Spears, Usher, Avril Lavigne, Ariana Grande, Adele, and Maroon 5. Shellback has also collaborated with fellow producer", "title": "Shellback (record producer)" }, { "id": "8218519", "text": "James Taylor Label: Chall’O Music International Country: France Released: 2004 Song: Inshalla Writer(s): Momi Ochion Label: Chall’O Music International Country: France Released: 200517. Album: Buddha Bar Vol.8 Song: Mystic Desire Writer(s): Momi Ochion & Sebastian James Taylor Label: Wagram Music & George V Records Country: France Released: 2006 Song: Mystic Desire Writer(s): Momi Ochion & Sebastian James Taylor Label: George V Records Country: France Released: 2006 Song: Purple Orchid Writer(s): Momi Ochion & Sebastian James Taylor Label: George V Records Country: France Released: 2009 UK Song: 1. Ishka 2. Dmaot Malach Writer(s): Momi Ochion & Sebastian James Taylor Label: Dragonfly", "title": "Angel Tears (duo)" }, { "id": "16462653", "text": "Thomas Tree Thomas Tree (born February 22, 1962) is an American music producer, singer, songwriter, musician, entrepreneur and is best known as a founding member of the alternative rock band Christy McCool and co-founder of Serendipity Pie, a songwriting, production and sound design team made up of Tree and Cory Joseph Coppage which has produced 108 original songs to date. Tree and his wife, Jade Vaccarelli, have resided in Malibu, California, since 1994. Thomas Tree was born Thomas McDonnell Sebastian Tree Murray to Colleen McDonnell and Paul V Murray in Denver, Colorado. While studying Mass Media at the University of", "title": "Thomas Tree" }, { "id": "14728161", "text": "Rudy Pérez Rudy Amado Pérez (born May 17, 1958) is a Cuban-born American musician, songwriter, composer, producer, arranger, sound engineer, musical director and singer, as well as entertainment entrepreneur, and philanthropist. His area of specialty is ballads, although he has also worked in a variety of other genres. Pérez has produced more than 70 albums, composed over 1,000 songs (over 300 of which have been #1 or have reached the Top 10 Charts), and written and produced music for popular international artists such as Westlife, Natalie Cole, José Feliciano, Julio Iglesias, Luis Miguel, Raúl di Blasio, Jaci Velasquez, Cristian Castro,", "title": "Rudy Pérez" }, { "id": "6805110", "text": "the Deep\"). In 2013 Epworth and Adele received the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 70th Golden Globe Awards for the song \"Skyfall\". Epworth and Adele also received the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 85th Academy Awards for \"Skyfall\". In late 2015 Adele released her third, record breaking album 25, which features two tracks co-written and produced by Epworth, \"I Miss You\" and \"Sweetest Devotion\". 25 won for Album of the Year at the 59th Grammy Awards. In 2016, Epworth produced two tracks for The Stone Roses, \"All for One\" and \"Beautiful Thing\" which", "title": "Paul Epworth" } ]

[ "adult, male citizen" ]

[ { "id": "19783023", "text": "to the normal type for a Roman municipality, with a Senate of \"decuriones\". Estimates of the population of ancient Athens vary. During the 4th century BC, there might well have been some 250,000–300,000 people in Attica. Citizen families could have amounted to 100,000 people and out of these some 30,000 would have been the adult male citizens entitled to vote in the assembly. In the mid-5th century the number of adult male citizens was perhaps as high as 60,000, but this number fell precipitously during the Peloponnesian War. This slump was permanent, due to the introduction of a stricter definition", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "19783025", "text": "did not swamp them. Only adult male Athenian citizens who had completed their military training as ephebes had the right to vote in Athens. The percentage of the population that actually participated in the government was 10% to 20% of the total number of inhabitants, but this varied from the fifth to the fourth century BC. This excluded a majority of the population: slaves, freed slaves, children, women and metics (foreigners resident in Athens). The women had limited rights and privileges, had restricted movement in public, and were very segregated from the men. Also excluded from voting were citizens whose", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "2559003", "text": "urban trading class. Politically, Solon divided the Athenians into four classes, based on their wealth and their ability to perform military service. The poorest class, the \"Thetai\", (Ancient Greek \"Θήται\") who formed the majority of the population, received political rights for the first time and were able to vote in the \"Ecclesia\" (Assembly). But only the upper classes could hold political office. The Areopagus continued to exist but its powers were reduced. The new system laid the foundations for what eventually became Athenian democracy, but in the short-term it failed to quell class conflict and after twenty years of unrest", "title": "History of Athens" }, { "id": "19783008", "text": "Athenian democracy Athenian democracy developed around the fifth century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis) of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica, and is often described as the first known democracy in the world. Other Greek cities set up democracies, most following the Athenian model, but none are as well documented as Athens's. Athens practiced a political system of direct democracy in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. Participation was not open to all residents, but was instead limited to an adult, male citizens (i.e., not a", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "1494728", "text": "The United Nations encouraged women's suffrage in the years following World War II, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) identifies it as a basic right with 189 countries currently being parties to this Convention. In ancient Athens, often cited as the birthplace of democracy, only adult, male citizens who owned land were permitted to vote. Through subsequent centuries, Europe was generally ruled by monarchs, though various forms of parliament arose at different times. The high rank ascribed to abbesses within the Catholic Church permitted some women the right to sit and vote", "title": "Women's suffrage" }, { "id": "19783053", "text": "history of the word does not support this interpretation. Although, voters under Athenian democracy were allowed the same opportunity to voice their opinion and to sway the discussion, they were not always successful, and, often, the minority was forced to vote in favor of a motion that they did not agree with. Just before the reforms of Solon in the 7th century BC, Athens was governed by a few archons (three, then later nine) and the council of the Areopagus, which was composed of members powerful noble families. While there seems to have also been a type of citizen assembly", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "2924958", "text": "Ecclesia (ancient Athens) The ecclesia or ekklesia () was the principal assembly of the democracy of ancient Athens. It was the popular assembly, open to all male citizens as soon as they qualified for citizenship. In 594 BC, Solon allowed all Athenian citizens to participate, regardless of class, even the thetes. The assembly was responsible for declaring war, military strategy and electing the strategoi and other officials. It was responsible for nominating and electing magistrates, thus indirectly electing the members of the Areopagus. It had the final say on legislation and the right to call magistrates to account after their", "title": "Ecclesia (ancient Athens)" }, { "id": "6170047", "text": "as in Rome, jury representatives were elected. The Athenian jurors were chosen randomly by lot, which meant that juries would consist, in theory, of a wide range of members from different social classes. Jurors were chosen on an annual basis, as were all other offices within the state (with the exception of the generals, known as strategoi). After the reforms of Solon in 594/3 BC, anyone from each of the four classes (the \"pentacosiomedimni, hippeis, zeugites\" and \"thetes\") could become a juror. This was meant to make the system much fairer to the poorer members of society, who had previously", "title": "Law court (ancient Athens)" }, { "id": "19783030", "text": "for the annual pool from which jurors were picked for particular trials. By the mid-4th century, however, the assembly's judicial functions were largely curtailed, though it always kept a role in the initiation of various kinds of political trial. The central events of the Athenian democracy were the meetings of the assembly (, \"ekklesía\"). Unlike a parliament, the assembly's members were not elected, but attended by right when they chose. Greek democracy created at Athens was direct, rather than representative: any adult male citizen over the age of 20 could take part, and it was a duty to do so.", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "97647", "text": "democracy.\" Athenian democracy took the form of a direct democracy, and it had two distinguishing features: the random selection of ordinary citizens to fill the few existing government administrative and judicial offices, and a legislative assembly consisting of all Athenian citizens. All eligible citizens were allowed to speak and vote in the assembly, which set the laws of the city state. However, Athenian citizenship excluded women, slaves, foreigners (μέτοικοι / \"métoikoi\"), non-landowners, and men under 20 years of age. The exclusion of large parts of the population from the citizen body is closely related to the ancient understanding of citizenship.", "title": "Democracy" }, { "id": "84852", "text": "strong affinity with the polis; their own destiny and the destiny of the community were strongly linked. Also, citizens of the polis saw obligations to the community as an opportunity to be virtuous, it was a source of honour and respect. In Athens, citizens were both ruler and ruled, important political and judicial offices were rotated and all citizens had the right to speak and vote in the political assembly. In the Roman Empire, citizenship expanded from small-scale communities to the entire empire. Romans realized that granting citizenship to people from all over the empire legitimized Roman rule over conquered", "title": "Citizenship" }, { "id": "2559007", "text": "turn divided into three 'trittyes' and each trittys had one or more demes, which became the basis of local government. The tribes each elected fifty members to the Boule, a council which governed Athens on a day-to-day basis. The Assembly was open to all citizens and was both a legislature and a supreme court, except in murder cases and religious matters, which became the only remaining functions of the Areopagus. Most public offices were filled by lot, although the ten strategoi (generals) were elected. This system remained remarkably stable and, with a few brief interruptions, it remained in place for", "title": "History of Athens" }, { "id": "16276692", "text": "strong affinity with the polis; their personal destiny and the destiny of the entire community were strongly linked. Also, citizens of the polis saw obligations to the community as an opportunity to be virtuous. It was a source of honour and respect. According to one view, the citizenry was \"its own master\". The people were sovereign; there was no sovereignty outside of the people themselves. In Athens, citizens were both ruler and ruled. Further, important political and judicial offices were rotated to widen participation and prevent corruption, and all citizens had the right to speak and vote in the political", "title": "History of citizenship" }, { "id": "760719", "text": "citizens were permitted to attend after the reforms of Solon (early 6th century), but the poorest citizens could not address the assembly or run for office. With the establishment of the democracy, the assembly became the \"de jure\" mechanism of government; all citizens had equal privileges in the assembly. However, non-citizens, such as metics (foreigners living in Athens) or slaves, had no political rights at all. After the rise of the democracy in Athens, other city-states founded democracies. However, many retained more traditional forms of government. As so often in other matters, Sparta was a notable exception to the rest", "title": "Ancient Greece" }, { "id": "19783027", "text": "democracy. Athenian citizens had to be descended from citizens; after the reforms of Pericles and Cimon in 450 BC, only those descended from two Athenian parents could claim citizenship. Although the legislation was not retrospective, five years later, when a free gift of grain had arrived from the Egyptian king to be distributed among all citizens, many \"illigitimate\" citizens were removed from the registers. Citizenship applied to both individuals and their descendants. It could also be granted by the assembly and was sometimes given to large groups (e.g. Plateans in 427 BC and Samians in 405 BC). However, by the", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "1667758", "text": "voted on in two stages: first the Assembly itself decided and afterwards the Council or βουλή gave definitive approval. The Council or \"Boule\" () consisted of 500 members, fifty from each tribe, functioning as an extension of the Assembly. These were chosen by chance, using the system described earlier, from which they were familiarly known as \"councillors of the bean\"; officially they were known as \"prytaneis\" (, meaning \"chief\" or \"teacher\"). The council members examined and studied legal projects, supervised the magistrates and saw that daily administrative details were on the right path. They oversaw the city state's external affairs.", "title": "Fifth-century Athens" }, { "id": "14968046", "text": "status of individuals: these latter, which included all lawsuits and proposals of ostracism, in which voters chose the citizen they most wanted to exile for ten years, were determined by secret ballot (one of the earliest recorded elections in Athens was a plurality vote that it was undesirable to win, namely an ostracism vote). At Rome the method which prevailed up to the 2nd century BCE was that of division (). But the system became subject to intimidation and corruption. Hence a series of laws enacted between 139 and 107 BCE prescribed the use of the ballot (), a slip", "title": "Electoral system" }, { "id": "10324093", "text": "Demokratia Demokratia () is a direct democracy, as opposed to the modern representative democracy. It was used in ancient Greece, most notably Athens, and began its use around 500 BCE. In a participant government, citizens who wish to have a say in government can participate in it. Demokratia excluded women, foreigners, and slaves. It barred between 80 and 90 percent of the population from political rights. The word demokratia comes from δῆμος \"demos\" \"people\" and \"kratos\" \"power\": \"the people hold power.\" \"Demos\", including the lower classes, had political equality and notwhile respecting laws and institutions, was given full and absolute", "title": "Demokratia" }, { "id": "5032463", "text": "rich minority. Solon divided the Athenians into four property-classes, with different rights and duties for each. As the Rhetra did in Lycurgian Sparta, Solon formalized the composition and functions of the governmental bodies. All citizens gained the right to attend the Ecclesia (Assembly) and to vote. The Ecclesia became, in principle, the sovereign body, entitled to pass laws and decrees, elect officials, and hear appeals from the most important decisions of the courts. All but those in the poorest group might serve, a year at a time, on a new Boule of 400, which was to prepare the agenda for", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "id": "10973105", "text": "as electorates. Each tribe was in turn divided into three trittyes (one from the coast; one from the city and one from the inland divisions), while each trittys had one or more demes (see deme) – depending on their population – which became the basis of local government. The tribes each selected fifty members by lot for the Boule, the council which governed Athens on a day-to-day basis. The public opinion of voters could be influenced by the political satires written by the comic poets and performed in the city theaters. The Assembly or Ecclesia was open to all full", "title": "Classical Athens" }, { "id": "19783029", "text": "bodies, the assembly and the courts were the true sites of power – although courts, unlike the assembly, were never simply called the \"demos\" ('the people'), as they were manned by just those citizens over thirty. Crucially, citizens voting in both were not subject to review and prosecution, as were council members and all other officeholders. In the 5th century BC there is often record of the assembly sitting as a court of judgment itself for trials of political importance and it is not a coincidence that 6,000 is the number both for the full quorum for the assembly and", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "945386", "text": "an Athenian model, none were as powerful, stable, or well-documented as that of Athens. In the direct democracy of Athens, the citizens did not nominate representatives to vote on legislation and executive bills on their behalf (as in the United States) but instead voted as individuals. The public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire of the comic poets in the theatres. Solon (694 BC), Cleisthenes (608–607 BCE), and Ephialtes (562 BC) all contributed to the development of Athenian democracy. Historians differ on which of them was responsible for which institution, and which of them most represented a", "title": "Direct democracy" }, { "id": "322975", "text": "whose decisions were assessed by village elders. This is called tribalism. Some scholars suggest that in ancient Mesopotamia there was a primitive democratic government where the kings were assessed by council. The same has been said about ancient India, where some form of deliberative assemblies existed, and therefore there was some form of democracy. However, these claims are not accepted by most scholars, who see these forms of government as oligarchies. Ancient Athens was the cradle of democracy. The Athenian assembly (, \"ekklesia\") was the most important institution, and every free male citizen could take part in the discussions. Slaves", "title": "Parliament" }, { "id": "1667757", "text": "executions. The Assembly (in Greek, , that is to say, an assembly by summons), was the first organ of the democracy. In theory it brought together in assembly all the citizens of Athens, however the maximum number which came to congregate is estimated at 6,000 participants. The gathering place was a space on the hill called Pnyx, in front of the Acropolis. The sessions sometimes lasted from dawn to dusk. The ecclesia occurred forty times a year. The Assembly decided on laws and decrees which were proposed. Decisions relied on ancient laws which had long been in force. Bills were", "title": "Fifth-century Athens" }, { "id": "3661015", "text": "be independent from a master (to live as one likes). That was the original Greek concept of freedom. It is closely linked with the concept of democracy, as Aristotle put it: This applied only to free men. In Athens, for instance, women could not vote or hold office and were legally and socially dependent on a male relative. The populations of the Persian Empire enjoyed some degree of freedom. Citizens of all religions and ethnic groups were given the same rights and had the same freedom of religion, women had the same rights as men, and slavery was abolished (550", "title": "Liberty" }, { "id": "19783081", "text": "the vote would people ensure that the state would be run in the general interest. Later, to the end of World War Il, democracy became dissociated from its ancient frame of reference. It was not anymore only one of the many possible ways in which political rule could be organised in a polity: it became the only possible political system in an egalitarian society. Athenian democracy Athenian democracy developed around the fifth century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis) of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica, and is often described as", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "10324097", "text": "\"Democracy 2500?: Questions and Challenges\", Kendal/Hunt Publishing Co., 1998 Demokratia Demokratia () is a direct democracy, as opposed to the modern representative democracy. It was used in ancient Greece, most notably Athens, and began its use around 500 BCE. In a participant government, citizens who wish to have a say in government can participate in it. Demokratia excluded women, foreigners, and slaves. It barred between 80 and 90 percent of the population from political rights. The word demokratia comes from δῆμος \"demos\" \"people\" and \"kratos\" \"power\": \"the people hold power.\" \"Demos\", including the lower classes, had political equality and notwhile", "title": "Demokratia" }, { "id": "19783033", "text": "one had to physically attend a gathering in order to vote. Military service or simple distance prevented the exercise of citizenship. Voting was usually by show of hands (χειροτονία, \"kheirotonia\", 'arm stretching') with officials judging the outcome by sight. This could cause problems when it became too dark to see properly. However, any member could demand that officials issue a recount. For a small category of votes, a quorum of 6,000 was required, principally grants of citizenship, and here small coloured stones were used, white for yes and black for no. At the end of the session, each voter tossed", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "19783014", "text": "time, to liberate them and halt the feuding of the aristocracy. What soon followed was a system of chattel slavery involving foreign slaves. Solon then issued reforms that defined citizenship in a way that gave each free resident of Attica a political function: Athenian citizens had the right to participate in assembly meetings. By granting the formerly aristocratic role to every free citizen of Athens who owned property, Solon reshaped the social framework of the city-state. Under these reforms, a council of 400 members (with 100 citizens from each of Athens's four tribes) called the \"boule\" ran daily affairs and", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "1667756", "text": "honored posts were the ancient \"archontes\", or archons in English. In previous ages they had been the heads of the Athenian state, but in the Age of Pericles they lost their influence and power, although they still presided over tribunals. Every year the citizens elected ten \"strategoi\" (singular \"strategos\"), or generals, who served as both military officers and diplomats. It was through this position that Pericles shaped 5th-century BC Athens. There were also more than forty public administration officers and more than sixty to police the streets, the markets, to check weights and measures and to carry out arrests and", "title": "Fifth-century Athens" }, { "id": "19783020", "text": "in 307, in order to curry favour with Macedonia and Egypt, three new tribes were created, two in honour of the Macedonian king and his son, and the other in honour of the Egyptian king. However, when Rome fought Macedonia in 200, the Athenians abolished the first two new tribes and created a twelfth tribe in honour of the Pergamene king. The Athenians declared for Rome, and in 146 BC Athens became an autonomous \"civitas foederata\", able to manage internal affairs. This allowed Athens to practice the forms of democracy, though Rome ensured that the constitution strengthened the city's aristocracy.", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "1667751", "text": "citizens that attended the courts as jurors. This way, these citizens were able to dedicate themselves to public service without facing financial hardship. With this system, Pericles succeeded in keeping the courts full of jurors (Ath. Pol. 27.3), and in giving the people experience in public life. As Athens' ruler, he made the city the first and most important \"polis\" of the Greek world, acquiring a resplendent culture and democratic institutions. The sovereign people governed themselves, without intermediaries, deciding matters of state in the Assembly. Athenian citizens were free and only owed obedience to their laws and respect to their", "title": "Fifth-century Athens" }, { "id": "19783050", "text": "in 403 BC, they were set sharply apart. Henceforth, laws were made not in the assembly, but by special panels of citizens drawn from the annual jury pool of 6,000. These were known as the \"nomothetai\" (νομοθέται, 'the lawmakers'). The institutions sketched above – assembly, officeholders, council, courts – are incomplete without the figure that drove the whole system, \"Ho boulomenos\" ('he who wishes', or 'anyone who wishes'). This expression encapsulated the right of citizens to take the initiative to stand to speak in the assembly, to initiate a public lawsuit (that is, one held to affect the political community", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "14968044", "text": "suffrage already existed in a rudimentary form at the outset of the historical period. In the early monarchies it was customary for the king to invite pronouncements of his people on matters in which it was prudent to secure its assent beforehand. In these assemblies the people recorded their opinion by clamouring (a method which survived in Sparta as late as the 4th century BCE), or by the clashing of spears on shields. Voting has been used as a feature of democracy since the 6th century BC, when democracy was introduced by the Athenian democracy. However, in Athenian democracy, voting", "title": "Electoral system" }, { "id": "12456866", "text": "a principal characteristic of democracy. Today, sortition is commonly used to select prospective jurors in common law-based legal systems and is sometimes used in forming citizen groups with political advisory power (citizens' juries or citizens' assemblies). Athenian democracy developed in the 6th century BC out of what was then called isonomia (equality of law and political rights). Sortition was then the principal way of achieving this fairness. It was utilized to pick most of the magistrates for their governing committees, and for their juries (typically of 501 men). Aristotle relates equality and democracy: In Athens, \"democracy\" (literally meaning rule by", "title": "Sortition" }, { "id": "5032467", "text": "(Greek: δημοκρατία – \"rule by the people\") to define their new system of government. In the next generation, Athens entered its Golden Age, becoming a great center of literature and art. Greek victories in Persian Wars (499–449 BCE) encouraged the poorest Athenians (who participated in the military campaigns) to demand a greater say in the running of their city. In the late 460s, Ephialtes and Pericles presided over a radicalization of power that shifted the balance decisively to the poorest sections of society, by passing laws which severely limited the powers of the Council of the Areopagus and allowed thetes", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "id": "16276693", "text": "assembly. Pocock explained: The Athenian conception was that \"laws that should govern everybody,\" in the sense of equality under the law or the Greek term \"isonomia\". Citizens had certain rights and duties: the rights included the chance to speak and vote in the common assembly, to stand for public office, to serve as jurors, to be protected by the law, to own land, and to participate in public worship; duties included an obligation to obey the law, and to serve in the armed forces which could be \"costly\" in terms of buying or making expensive war equipment or in risking", "title": "History of citizenship" }, { "id": "10973101", "text": "Classical Athens The city of Athens (, \"Athênai\" ]; Modern Greek: Ἀθῆναι, \"Athínai\" ) during the classical period of Ancient Greece (508–322 BC) was the major urban center of the notable polis (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Isagoras. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War). The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved", "title": "Classical Athens" }, { "id": "2559001", "text": "was a Council which met on the Hill of Ares, called the Areopagus and appointed the chief city officials, the archons and the polemarch (commander-in-chief). Before the concept of the political state arose, four tribes based upon family relationships dominated the area. The members had certain rights, privileges, and obligations: During this period, Athens succeeded in bringing the other towns of Attica under its rule. This process of \"synoikismos\" – the bringing together into one home – created the largest and wealthiest state on the Greek mainland, but it also created a larger class of people excluded from political life", "title": "History of Athens" }, { "id": "16276689", "text": "more inclusive arrangement. In the early 6th century BCE, the reformer Solon replaced the Draconian constitution with the Solonian Constitution. Solon canceled all existing land debts, and enabled free Athenian males to participate in the assembly or ecclesia. In addition, he encouraged foreign craftsmen, particularly skilled in pottery, to move to Athens and offered citizenship by naturalization as an incentive. Solon expected that aristocratic Athenians would continue running affairs but nevertheless citizens had a \"political voice in the Assembly.\" Subsequent reformers moved Athens even more towards direct democracy. The Greek reformer Cleisthenes in 508 BCE re-engineered Athenian society from organizations", "title": "History of citizenship" }, { "id": "5032469", "text": "office, and to avoid any corruption allotment machines were used. Moreover, in most positions chosen by lot, Athenian citizens could not be selected more than once; this rotation in office meant that no-one could build up a power base through staying in a particular position. The courts formed another important political institution in Athens; they were composed of a large number of juries with no judges, and they were selected by lot on a daily basis from an annual pool, also chosen by lot. The courts had unlimited power to control the other bodies of the government and its political", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "id": "2924961", "text": "attract large audiences: 6,000 citizens might have attended in Athens during the fifth century BC. A police force of 300 Scythian slaves carried red ochre-stained ropes to induce the citizens who loitered in the agora of Athens to attend the meetings of the assembly. Anyone with red-stained clothes who was not in the meeting was liable to a penalty. Ecclesia (ancient Athens) The ecclesia or ekklesia () was the principal assembly of the democracy of ancient Athens. It was the popular assembly, open to all male citizens as soon as they qualified for citizenship. In 594 BC, Solon allowed all", "title": "Ecclesia (ancient Athens)" }, { "id": "1667749", "text": "Herodotus and Thucydides, the physician Hippocrates, and the philosophers Plato and Socrates. Athens' patron goddess was Athena, from whom they derived the name. During the golden age, Athenian military and external affairs were mostly entrusted to the ten generals who were elected each year by the ten tribes of citizens, who could be relied on rather than the variable-quality magistrates chosen by lot under the democracy. These \"strategoi\" were given duties which included planning military expeditions, receiving envoys of other states and directing diplomatic affairs. During the time of the ascendancy of Ephialtes as leader of the democratic faction, Pericles", "title": "Fifth-century Athens" }, { "id": "6170046", "text": "Law court (ancient Athens) The law courts in ancient Athens (4th and 5th centuries BC) were a fundamental organ of democratic governance. According to Aristotle, whoever controls the courts controls the state. These courts were jury courts and very large ones: the smallest possible had 200 members (+1 to avoid ties) and sometimes 501, 1000 or 1500. The annual pool of jurors, whose official name was Heliaia, comprised 6000 members. At least on one known occasion the whole six thousand sat together to judge a single case (a plenary session of the Heliaia). This was very different from Rome's laws,", "title": "Law court (ancient Athens)" }, { "id": "6170049", "text": "originated from the Council of the elite and wealthy who were in charge and ended up being open to any free male who was in the army. Athens valued justice and they had many different reforms as different challenges arose. The Athenian law court was large and decisions were made by majority. The courts could also exile those from society who were gaining too much power and could become tyrants. The laws of Athens also changed as the courts changed to work better with society. “The early Greeks were a litigious lot.” One source says that the Athenian Courts were", "title": "Law court (ancient Athens)" }, { "id": "97648", "text": "In most of antiquity the benefit of citizenship was tied to the obligation to fight war campaigns. Athenian democracy was not only \"direct\" in the sense that decisions were made by the assembled people, but also the \"most direct\" in the sense that the people through the assembly, boule and courts of law controlled the entire political process and a large proportion of citizens were involved constantly in the public business. Even though the rights of the individual were not secured by the Athenian constitution in the modern sense (the ancient Greeks had no word for \"rights\"), the Athenians enjoyed", "title": "Democracy" }, { "id": "19783040", "text": "for initiative; the boule's control over policy was executed in its probouleutic, rather than its executive function; in the former, it prepared measures for deliberation by the assembly, in the latter, it merely executed the wishes of the assembly. Athens had an elaborate legal system centered on full citizen rights (see \"atimia\"). The age limit of 30 or older, the same as that for office holders but ten years older than that required for participation in the assembly, gave the courts a certain standing in relation to the assembly. Jurors were required to be under oath, which was not required", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "19783016", "text": "as citizens of Athens, which gave them power and a role in a sense of civic solidarity. He did this by making the traditional tribes politically irrelevant and instituting ten new tribes, each made up of about three \"treaties\", each consisting of several \"demes\". Every male citizen over 18 had to be registered in his deme. The third set of reforms was instigated by Ephialtes in 462/1. While Ephialtes's opponents were away attempting to assist the Spartans, he persuaded the Assembly to reduce the powers of the Areopagus to a criminal court for cases of homicide and sacrilege. At the", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "14968045", "text": "was seen as the least democratic among methods used for selecting public officials, and was little used, because elections were believed to inherently favor the wealthy and well-known over average citizens. Viewed as more democratic were assemblies open to all citizens, and selection by lot (known as sortition), as well as rotation of office. Generally, the taking of votes was effected in the form of a poll. The practice of the Athenians, which is shown by inscriptions to have been widely followed in the other states of Greece, was to hold a show of hands, except on questions affecting the", "title": "Electoral system" }, { "id": "1723082", "text": "therefore there was some form of democracy. However, these claims are not accepted by most scholars, who see these forms of government as oligarchies. Ancient Athens was the cradle of democracy. The Athenian assembly (ἐκκλησία ekklesia), was the most important institution, and every male of athenian citizenship above the age of thirty could take part in the discussions, but no women, no men under the age of thirty and of course no one of the thousand slaves are allowed to take part in the discussions. However, Athenian democracy was not representative, but rather direct, and therefore the ekklesia was different", "title": "History of Parliamentarism" }, { "id": "6173613", "text": "Atimia Atimia was a form of disenfranchisement used under classical Athenian democracy. Under democracy in ancient Greece, only free adult Greek males were enfranchised as full citizens. Women, foreigners, children and slaves were not full citizens; they could not vote or hold public office, and they had to have adult males act as guardians of their property and other interests. A man who was made \"atimos\", literally without honour or value, was likewise disenfranchised and disempowered, making him unable to carry out the political functions of a citizen. He could not attend assembly meetings, serve as a juror in Heliaia", "title": "Atimia" }, { "id": "164744", "text": "four centuries until the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Hellenic civilisation was a collection of city-states or poleis with different governments and cultures that achieved notable developments in government, philosophy, science, mathematics, politics, sports, theatre and music. The most powerful city-states were Athens, Sparta, Thebes, Corinth, and Syracuse. Athens was a powerful Hellenic city-state and governed itself with an early form of direct democracy invented by Cleisthenes; the citizens of Athens voted on legislation and executive bills themselves. Athens was the home of Socrates, Plato, and the Platonic Academy. The Hellenic city-states established colonies on the shores of", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "id": "760721", "text": "In most city-states, unlike the situation in Rome, social prominence did not allow special rights. Sometimes families controlled public religious functions, but this ordinarily did not give any extra power in the government. In Athens, the population was divided into four social classes based on wealth. People could change classes if they made more money. In Sparta, all male citizens were called \"homoioi\", meaning \"peers\". However, Spartan kings, who served as the city-state's dual military and religious leaders, came from two families. Slaves had no power or status. They had the right to have a family and own property, subject", "title": "Ancient Greece" }, { "id": "945385", "text": "using the Internet and other communications technologies are dealt with in e-democracy and below under the term \"electronic direct democracy\". More concisely, the concept of open source governance applies principles of the free software movement to the governance of people, allowing the entire populace to participate in government directly, as much or as little as they please. Athenian democracy developed in the Greek city-state of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica, around 600 BC. Athens was one of the very first known democracies. Other Greek cities set up democracies, and even though most followed", "title": "Direct democracy" }, { "id": "2559006", "text": "and Hipparchus. They proved to be much less adept rulers and in 514 BC, Hipparchus was assassinated in a private dispute over a young man (see Harmodius and Aristogeiton). This led Hippias to establish a real dictatorship, which proved very unpopular. He was overthrown in 510 BC. A radical politician with an aristocratic background named Cleisthenes then took charge, and it was he who established democracy in Athens. The reforms of Cleisthenes replaced the traditional four \"tribes\" (phyle) with ten new ones, named after legendary heroes and having no class basis; they were in fact electorates. Each 'tribe' was in", "title": "History of Athens" }, { "id": "1451332", "text": "Ancient Athens. Consensus-based decision making similar to deliberative democracy is characteristic of the hunter gather band societies thought to predominate in pre-historical times. As some of these societies became more complex with developments like division of labour, community-based decision making was displaced by various forms of authoritarian rule. The first example of democracy arose in Greece as Athenian democracy during the sixth century BC. Athenian democracy was both \"deliberative\" and largely \"direct\": some decisions were made by representatives but most were made by ″the people″ directly. Athenian democracy came to an end in 322BC. When democracy was revived as a", "title": "Deliberative democracy" }, { "id": "5032475", "text": "as \"nomothetai\". Athens restored its democratic constitution again after King Phillip II of Macedon (reigned 359-336 BCE) and later Alexander the Great (reigned 336–323 BCE) unified Greece, but it was politically over-shadowed by the Hellenistic empires. Finally, after the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BC, Athens was restricted to matters of local administration. However, democracy in Athens declined not only due to external powers, but due to its citizens, such as Plato and his student Aristotle. Because of their influential works, after the rediscovery of classics during the Renaissance, Sparta's political stability was praised, while the Periclean democracy was", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "id": "121716", "text": "Although elections were used in ancient Athens, in Rome, and in the selection of popes and Holy Roman emperors, the origins of elections in the contemporary world lie in the gradual emergence of representative government in Europe and North America beginning in the 17th century. In some systems no nominations take place at all, with voters free to choose any person at the time of voting—with some possible exceptions such as through a minimum age requirement—in the jurisdiction. In such cases, it is not required (or even possible) that the members of the electorate be familiar with all of the", "title": "Election" }, { "id": "6058405", "text": "it has been argued that the Athenian court seemed to have been remarkably unwilling to allow any female presence in the civic space of the lawcourt itself. In Ancient Athens, there were two types of lawsuit. Public prosecutions, or \"graphai\", were heard by juries of 501 or more, increasing in increments of 500 jurors, while private suits, or \"dikai\", were heard by 201 or 401 jurors, depending on the amount of money at stake. Juries were made up of men selected from a panel of 6,000 volunteers, who were selected annually and were required to be full citizens, aged over", "title": "Ancient Greek law" }, { "id": "16983529", "text": "lottery to preside from sunset to the following sunset. Thus, the citizens' assembly shared power and prevented lifetime rulers from taking control. Military chiefs were exempt from the short term requirement however and were elected, rather than chosen by lot. Eloquent oratory became a Greek art form as speakers sought to sway large crowds of voters. Athenians believed in 'democracy' but not in equality and excluded women, slaves, the poor and foreign from the assembly. Notions of a general \"brotherhood of man\" were yet to emerge. Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC and continued through the Hellenistic", "title": "History of Western civilization before AD 500" }, { "id": "10463548", "text": "and aided by democrats, took over. Cleomenes intervened in 508 and 506 BC, but could not stop Cleisthenes, now supported by the Athenians. Through Cleisthenes' reforms, the people endowed their city with isonomic institutions — equal rights for all citizens (though only men were citizens)—and established ostracism. The isonomic and isegoric (equal freedom of speech) democracy was first organized into about 130 \"demes\", which became the basic civic element. The 10,000 citizens exercised their power as members of the assembly (ἐκκλησία, \"ekklesia\"), headed by a council of 500 citizens chosen at random. The city's administrative geography was reworked, in order", "title": "Classical Greece" }, { "id": "1629610", "text": "the Ecclesia (the Athenian assembly), and could be jurors serving in the law court of the Heliaia, but were not allowed to serve in the Boule or serve as magistrates. In the reforms of Ephialtes and Pericles around 460450 BC, the thetes were empowered to hold public office. 12,000 thetes were disenfranchised and expelled from the city after the Athenian defeat in the Lamian War. There is debate among scholars whether this represented the entire number of thetes, or simply those who left Athens, the remainder staying behind. Unlike the popular concept of galley slaves, ancient navies generally preferred to", "title": "Solonian Constitution" }, { "id": "2558997", "text": "70,000, whilst slaves were estimated at between 150,000 and 400,000. Hence, approximately a tenth of the population were adult male citizens, eligible to meet and vote in the Assembly and be elected to office. After the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC, the city's population began to decrease as Greeks migrated to the Hellenistic empires in the east. Athens has been inhabited from Neolithic times, possibly from the end of the 4th millennium BC, or nearly 5,000 years. By 1412 BC, the settlement had become an important center of the Mycenaean civilization and the Acropolis was", "title": "History of Athens" }, { "id": "5032474", "text": "Athenian democracy, in its two centuries of life-time, twice voted against its democratic constitution (both times during the crisis at the end of the Pelopponesian War of 431 to 404 BC), establishing first the Four Hundred (in 411 BCE) and second Sparta's puppet régime of the Thirty Tyrants (in 404 BCE). Both votes took place under manipulation and pressure, but democracy was recovered in less than a year in both cases. Reforms following the restoration of democracy after the overthrow of the Thirty Tyrants removed most law-making authority from the Assembly and placed it in randomly selected law-making juries known", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "id": "2558991", "text": "the Ottoman Empire, Athens re-emerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent and self-governing Greek state. The name of Aje Boi, connected to the name of its patron goddess Athena, originates from an earlier Pre-Greek language. The origin myth explaining how Athens acquired this name through the legendary contest between Poseidon and Athena was described by Herodotus, Apollodorus, Ovid, Plutarch, Pausanias and others. It even became the theme of the sculpture on the West pediment of the Parthenon. Both Athena and Poseidon requested to be patrons of the city and to give their name to it, so", "title": "History of Athens" }, { "id": "19783028", "text": "4th century, citizenship was given only to individuals and by a special vote with a quorum of 6000. This was generally done as a reward for some service to the state. In the course of a century, the number of citizenships so granted was in the hundreds rather than thousands. There were three political bodies where citizens gathered in numbers running into the hundreds or thousands. These are the assembly (in some cases with a quorum of 6000), the council of 500 (\"boule\"), and the courts (a minimum of 200 people, on some occasions up to 6,000). Of these three", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "6170052", "text": "of jurors). Most of the trials took place in the main part of the city, the Agora, but some happened throughout the city and surrounding area. Many Athenians would attend trials and participate regardless of weather. Athens at the beginning of its existence was ruled by a king and a very small group of people called Archons. They made the decisions and served life. Slowly things began to change as the group which was in power widened, included more people, and they did not serve for a lifetime. Things radically changed when Draco implemented his reforms which made it so", "title": "Law court (ancient Athens)" }, { "id": "1667752", "text": "gods. They achieved equality of speech in the Assembly: \"the word of a poor person had the same worth as that of a rich person\". The censorial classes did not disappear, but their power was more limited; they shared the fiscal and military offices but they did not have the power of distributing privileges. The principle of equality granted to all citizens had dangers, since many citizens were incapable of exercising political rights due to their extreme poverty or ignorance. To avoid this, Athenian democracy applied itself to the task of helping the poorest in this manner: Most importantly, and", "title": "Fifth-century Athens" }, { "id": "19783012", "text": "460 BC an individual is known with the name of Democrates, a name possibly coined as a gesture of democratic loyalty; the name can also be found in Aeolian Temnus. Athens was not the only polis in Ancient Greece that instituted a democratic regime. Aristotle points to other cities that adopted governments in the democratic style. However, accounts of the rise of democratic institutions are in reference to Athens, since only this city-state had sufficient historical records to speculate on the rise and nature of Greek democracy. Before the first attempt at democratic government, Athens was ruled by a series", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "97640", "text": "the distinction has been blurred historically. The political system of Classical Athens, for example, granted democratic citizenship to free men and excluded slaves and women from political participation. In virtually all democratic governments throughout ancient and modern history, democratic citizenship consisted of an elite class, until full enfranchisement was won for all adult citizens in most modern democracies through the suffrage movements of the 19th and 20th centuries. Democracy contrasts with forms of government where power is either held by an individual, as in an absolute monarchy, or where power is held by a small number of individuals, as in", "title": "Democracy" }, { "id": "1667750", "text": "was his deputy. When Ephialtes was assassinated for overthrowing the elitist Council of the Aeropagus, Pericles stepped in and was elected in 445 BC, a post he held continuously until his death in 429 BC, always by election of the Athenian Assembly. Pericles was a great speaker; this quality brought him tremendous success in the Assembly, presenting his vision of politics. One of his most popular reforms was to allow thetes (Athenians without wealth) to occupy public office. Another success of his administration was the creation of the \"misthophoria\" (, which literally means \"paid function\"), a special salary for the", "title": "Fifth-century Athens" }, { "id": "2559000", "text": "were Lefkandi in Euboea and Knossos in Crete. This position may well have resulted from its central location in the Greek world, its secure stronghold on the Acropolis and its access to the sea, which gave it a natural advantage over inland rivals such as Thebes and Sparta. According to legend, Athens was formerly ruled by kings (see Kings of Athens), a situation which may have continued up until the 9th century BC. From later accounts, it is believed that these kings stood at the head of a land-owning aristocracy known as the \"Eupatridae\" (the 'well-born'), whose instrument of government", "title": "History of Athens" }, { "id": "19783031", "text": "The officials of the democracy were in part elected by the Assembly and in large part chosen by lottery in a process called sortition. The assembly had four main functions: it made executive pronouncements (decrees, such as deciding to go to war or granting citizenship to a foreigner), elected some officials, legislated, and tried political crimes. As the system evolved, the last function was shifted to the law courts. The standard format was that of speakers making speeches for and against a position, followed by a general vote (usually by show of hands) of yes or no. Though there might", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "19783013", "text": "of archons or chief magistrates, and the Areopagus, made up of ex-archons. The members of these institutions were generally aristocrats who ruled the polis for their own advantage. In 621 BC, Draco codified a set of notoriously harsh laws designed to reinforce aristocratic power over the populace. Still, a growing problem of aristocratic families feuding among themselves to obtain as much power as possible led to a point where most Athenians were subject to harsh treatment and enslavement by the rich and powerful. In the 6th century BC, the Athenian laboring class convinced Plato's ancestor Solon, premier archon at the", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "2191030", "text": "a rule that citizens aged over 50 had a right to be heard first. Democratic government at Athens was suspended in 411 BC and again in 404 BC with the assumption of power by oligarchies during crises in the Peloponnesian War. The Spartans and their allies in Athens installed a dictatorship, called the Thirty Tyrants, but in 403 BC the democrats seized power again and the meetings at the Pnyx resumed. Athens lost its independence to Philip II of Macedon after the battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC; but they continued to run their internal affairs democratically until the coup", "title": "Pnyx" }, { "id": "104334", "text": "Draco (lawgiver) Draco (; , \"Drakōn\"; fl. c. 7th century BCE) was the first recorded legislator of Athens in Ancient Greece. He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court of law. Draco was the first democratic legislator, he was requested by the Athenian citizens to be a lawgiver for the city-state, but the citizens were fully unaware that Draco would establish harsh laws. Draco's written law was characterized by its harshness. To this day, the adjective \"draconian\" refers to similarly unforgiving rules or laws, in English", "title": "Draco (lawgiver)" }, { "id": "10973106", "text": "citizens and was both a legislature and a supreme court, except in murder cases and religious matters, which became the only remaining functions of the Areopagus. Most offices were filled by lot, although the ten strategoi (generals) were elected. Prior to the rise of Athens, Sparta, a city-state with a militaristic culture, considered itself the leader of the Greeks, and enforced a hegemony. The silver mines of Laurion contributed significantly to the development of Athens in the 5th century BC, when the Athenians learned to prospect, treat, and refine the ore and used the proceeds to build a massive fleet,", "title": "Classical Athens" }, { "id": "97646", "text": "of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in lawmaking. While representative democracy is sometimes equated with the republican form of government, the term \"republic\" classically has encompassed both democracies and aristocracies. Many democracies are constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom. The term \"democracy\" first appeared in ancient Greek political and philosophical thought in the city-state of Athens during classical antiquity. The word comes from \"demos\", \"common people\" and \"kratos\", \"strength\". Led by Cleisthenes, Athenians established what is generally held as the first democracy in 508–507 BC. Cleisthenes is referred to as \"the father of Athenian", "title": "Democracy" }, { "id": "19783044", "text": "Decisions were made by voting without any time set aside for deliberation. Jurors did talk informally amongst themselves during the voting procedure and juries could be rowdy, shouting out their disapproval or disbelief of things said by the litigants. This may have had some role in building a consensus. The jury could only cast a 'yes' or 'no' vote as to the guilt and sentence of the defendant. For private suits only the victims or their families could prosecute, while for public suits anyone (\"ho boulomenos\", 'whoever wants to' i.e. any citizen with full citizen rights) could bring a case", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "6170053", "text": "that any male who could afford full armor could participate in politics. This greatly changed the court as now “common men” could serve on it and could bring forth a case if their rights had been violated. Solon also brought about reforms, and he kept the Council the ruling body at the time of politics and judicial matters, with four hundred members, a hundred from each tribe. The Council was the most powerful organization and would remain so until after the Persian invasion and more reforms did away with most of the power of the Council. There was further turmoil,", "title": "Law court (ancient Athens)" }, { "id": "5032468", "text": "(Athenians without wealth) to occupy public office. Pericles became distinguished as the Athenians' greatest democratic leader, even though he has been accused of running a political machine. In the following passage, Thucydides recorded Pericles, in the funeral oration, describing the Athenian system of rule: The Athenian democracy of Cleisthenes and Pericles was based on freedom of citizens(through the reforms of Solon) and on equality of citizens(isonomia) - introduced by Cleisthenes and later expanded by Ephialtes and Pericles. To preserve these principles, the Athenians used lot for selecting officials. Casting lots aimed to ensure that all citizens were \"\"equally\"\" qualified for", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "id": "760718", "text": "sense of repressive autocracies), would at some point seize control and govern according to their own will; often a populist agenda would help sustain them in power. In a system wracked with class conflict, government by a 'strongman' was often the best solution. Athens fell under a tyranny in the second half of the 6th century. When this tyranny was ended, the Athenians founded the world's first democracy as a radical solution to prevent the aristocracy regaining power. A citizens' assembly (the \"Ecclesia\"), for the discussion of city policy, had existed since the reforms of Draco in 621 BC; all", "title": "Ancient Greece" }, { "id": "1667754", "text": "(among others, the Greek historian Thucydides (c. 460–400 BC), who comments: \"Everyone who is capable of serving the city meets no impediment, neither poverty, nor civic condition...\" The magistrates were people who occupied a public post and formed the administration of the Athenian state. They were submitted to rigorous public control. The magistrates were chosen by lot, using fava beans. Black and white beans were put in a box and depending on which color the person drew out they obtained the post or not. This was a way of eliminating the personal influence of rich people and possible intrigues and", "title": "Fifth-century Athens" }, { "id": "2924959", "text": "year of office. A typical meeting of the Assembly probably contained around 6000 people, out of a total citizen population of 30,000–60,000. It would have been difficult, however, for non-wealthy people outside the urban center of Athens to attend until payments for attendance were introduced in the 390s. It originally met once every month, but later met three or four times per month. The agenda for the ekklesia was established by the Boule, the popular council. Votes were taken by a show of hands, counting of stones and voting using broken pottery. A quorum of 6,000 members was required sometimes", "title": "Ecclesia (ancient Athens)" }, { "id": "16198746", "text": "can be traced to the Athenian democracy that arose around the sixth century BC in Ancient Greece. Athens' version of direct democracy was ended in 322 BC after defeat by the Macedonians. Since then formal decision making assemblies of Common people have occurred only sporadically and have been of little prominence in world affairs, with exceptions occurring as part of the direct democracy taking place in the Swiss Cantons of the late Middle Ages, and the Quaker movement which arose in the mid 17th century. In the 20th century, consensus based assemblies enjoyed a modest resurgence with the US civil", "title": "General assembly (Occupy movement)" }, { "id": "5032444", "text": "government originated in ancient Athens circa 508 B.C. In ancient Greece, where there were many city-states with different forms of government, democracy was contrasted with governance by elites (aristocracy), by one person (monarchy), by tyrants (tyranny), etc. In recent decades scholars have explored the possibility that advancements toward democratic government occurred somewhere else (i.e. other than Greece) first, as Greece developed its complex social and political institutions long after the appearance of the earliest civilizations in Egypt and the Near East. Studying pre-Babylonian Mesopotamia, Thorkild Jacobsen used Sumerian epic, myth, and historical records to identify what he has called \"primitive", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "id": "19783063", "text": "the same individual. The only exception was the boule or council of 500. In this case, simply by demographic necessity, an individual could serve twice in a lifetime. This principle extended down to the secretaries and undersecretaries who served as assistants to magistrates such as the archons. To the Athenians, it seems what had to be guarded against was not incompetence but any tendency to use office as a way of accumulating ongoing power. During an Athenian election, approximately one hundred officials out of a thousand were elected rather than chosen by lot. There were two main categories in this", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "19783064", "text": "group: those required to handle large sums of money, and the 10 generals, the \"strategoi\". One reason that financial officials were elected was that any money embezzled could be recovered from their estates; election in general strongly favoured the rich, but in this case wealth was virtually a prerequisite. Generals were elected not only because their role required expert knowledge, but also because they needed to be people with experience and contacts in the wider Greek world where wars were fought. In the 5th century BC, principally as seen through the figure of Pericles, the generals could be among the", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "641430", "text": "centuries BC) and King Philip II of Macedon was the hegemon of the League of Corinth in 337 BC (a kingship he willed to his son, Alexander the Great). Likewise, the role of Athens within the short-lived Delian League (478–404 BC) was that of a \"hegemon\". Ancient historians such as Xenophon and Ephorus were the first who used the term in its modern sense. In Ancient East Asia, Chinese hegemony existed during the Spring and Autumn period (c. 770–480 BC), when the weakened rule of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty led to the relative autonomy of the Five Hegemons (\"Ba\" in", "title": "Hegemony" }, { "id": "10973102", "text": "in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles. In the classical period, Athens was a center for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Akademia and Aristotle's Lyceum, Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Plato, Pericles, Aristophanes, Sophocles, and many other prominent philosophers, writers and politicians of the ancient world. It is widely referred to as the cradle of Western Civilization, and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then-known European continent. Hippias, son", "title": "Classical Athens" }, { "id": "5032453", "text": "democratic Athens is most often and most fruitfully compared, was Sparta. Yet Sparta, in its rejection of private wealth as a primary social differentiator, was a peculiar kind of oligarchy and some scholars note its resemblance to democracy. In Spartan government, the political power was divided between four bodies: two Spartan Kings (diarchy), gerousia (\"Council of Gerontes\" (Elders), including the two kings), the ephors (representatives of the citizens who oversaw the Kings) and the apella (assembly of Spartans). The two kings served as the head of the government. They ruled simultaneously, but they came from two separate lines. The dual", "title": "History of democracy" }, { "id": "19783032", "text": "be blocs of opinion, sometimes enduring, on important matters, there were no political parties and likewise no government or opposition (as in the Westminster system). Voting was by simple majority. In the 5th century at least, there were scarcely any limits on the power exercised by the assembly. If the assembly broke the law, the only thing that might happen is that it would punish those who had made the proposal that it had agreed to. If a mistake had been made, from the assembly's viewpoint it could only be because it had been misled. As usual in ancient democracies,", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "19783019", "text": "several Greek states to war with Macedon and lost. This led to the Hellenistic control of Athens, with the Macedonian king appointing a local agent as political governor in Athens. However, the governors, like Demetrius of Phalerum, appointed by Cassander, kept some of the traditional institutions in formal existence, although the Athenian public would consider them to be nothing more than Macedonian puppet dictators. Once Demetrius Poliorcetes ended Cassander's rule over Athens, Demetrius of Phalerum went into exile and the democracy was restored in 307 BC. However, by now Athens had become \"politically impotent\". An example of this was that,", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "2559031", "text": "was liable to be removed before his annual term of office was out—particularly through the influence at Constantinople of the two Athenian-born Patriarchs of Jerusalem, Parthenius (1737–1766) and Ephram II (1766–1770). Taxation was also light, with only the \"kharaj\" tax payable to the Ottoman government, as well as the salt tax and a water-tax for the olive yards and gardens. This peaceful situation was interrupted in 1752–1753, when the execution of the previous Kizlar Agha resulted in the dispatch of a new \"voevoda\", Sari Muselimi. His abuse of power led to protests by both the Greeks and the Turks; Sari", "title": "History of Athens" }, { "id": "19783037", "text": "Cleisthenes's 10 tribes provided 50 councillors who were at least 30 years old. The Boule's roles in public affairs included finance, maintaining the military's cavalry and fleet of ships, advising the generals, approving of newly elected magistrates, and receiving ambassadors. Most importantly, the Boule would draft \"probouleumata\", or deliberations for the Ecclessia to discuss and approve on. During emergencies, the Ecclesia would also grant special temporary powers to the Boule. Cleisthenes restricted the Boule's membership to those of zeugitai status (and above), presumably because these classes' financial interests gave them an incentive towards effective governance. A member had to be", "title": "Athenian democracy" }, { "id": "13072", "text": "Athens was one of the leading centres of trade and prosperity in the region. The leading position of Athens may well have resulted from its central location in the Greek world, its secure stronghold on the Acropolis and its access to the sea, which gave it a natural advantage over inland rivals such as Thebes and Sparta. By the 6th century BC, widespread social unrest led to the reforms of Solon. These would pave the way for the eventual introduction of democracy by Cleisthenes in 508 BC. Athens had by this time become a significant naval power with a large", "title": "Athens" }, { "id": "945381", "text": "and slaves were excluded from it. The main bodies in the Athenian democracy were the assembly, composed of male citizens; the boulê, composed of 500 citizens; and the law courts, composed of a massive number of jurors chosen by lot, with no judges. There were only about 30,000 male citizens, but several thousand of them were politically active in each year, and many of them quite regularly for years on end. The Athenian democracy was \"direct\" not only in the sense that decisions were made by the assembled people, but also in the sense that the people through the assembly,", "title": "Direct democracy" }, { "id": "4884746", "text": "continue to provide annual commemorative rites. This would have been an extremely important consideration for the Athenians, who were notoriously pious. Although men were part of both the polis and \"oikos\", women had a role only in the \"oikos\". In Athens, women of citizen status did not have many of the rights citizen men had. They had no political rights and could take no part in government. They could conduct only limited business and hold and inherit limited property. All business was conducted on a woman's behalf by her husband or father. Athenian inheritance laws prioritised men over equally closely", "title": "Oikos" }, { "id": "97649", "text": "their liberties not in opposition to the government but by living in a city that was not subject to another power and by not being subjects themselves to the rule of another person. Range voting appeared in Sparta as early as 700 BC. The Apella was an assembly of the people, held once a month, in which every male citizen of at least 30 years of age could participate. In the Apella, Spartans elected leaders and cast votes by range voting and shouting. Aristotle called this \"childish\", as compared with the stone voting ballots used by the Athenians. Sparta adopted", "title": "Democracy" }, { "id": "104342", "text": "the land was in the hands of a few.\" Translation of original inscription Draco (lawgiver) Draco (; , \"Drakōn\"; fl. c. 7th century BCE) was the first recorded legislator of Athens in Ancient Greece. He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court of law. Draco was the first democratic legislator, he was requested by the Athenian citizens to be a lawgiver for the city-state, but the citizens were fully unaware that Draco would establish harsh laws. Draco's written law was characterized by its harshness. To this", "title": "Draco (lawgiver)" } ]

[ "1,600" ]

[ { "id": "8711284", "text": "Planet Fitness Planet Fitness (PFIP LLC) is an American franchisor and operator of fitness centers based in Hampton, New Hampshire. The company reports that it has 1,600 clubs, making it one of the largest fitness club franchises by number of members and locations. There are locations across the United States as well as in other countries such as Canada, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Panama, and Mexico. It markets itself as a \"Judgement Free Zone\" that caters to novice and casual gym users and is reported to be the nation’s fastest growing fitness center franchise. Planet Fitness was founded in 1992,", "title": "Planet Fitness" }, { "id": "8711291", "text": "Fitness and its members raised $1 million which it donated to the non-profit Boys and Girls Clubs of America. Planet Fitness Planet Fitness (PFIP LLC) is an American franchisor and operator of fitness centers based in Hampton, New Hampshire. The company reports that it has 1,600 clubs, making it one of the largest fitness club franchises by number of members and locations. There are locations across the United States as well as in other countries such as Canada, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Panama, and Mexico. It markets itself as a \"Judgement Free Zone\" that caters to novice and casual gym", "title": "Planet Fitness" }, { "id": "8711287", "text": "its 2016 ranking of franchises, \"Forbes\" magazine ranked Planet Fitness #4. It ranked in the top 50 of \"Entrepreneur\" magazine's Franchise 500 in 2017. In the fall of 2013, TSG Consumer Partners LLC became an equity partner in the Planet Fitness franchise. Michael Grondahl, co-founder of Planet Fitness stepped down as CEO, and was succeeded by Chris Rondeau. The company reports that as of 2017, there are 58 corporate-owned gyms, the rest independently owned and operated. The club's two membership levels are $10 and $21.99 per month: the $10 per month level includes access to cardio and strength equipment, unlimited", "title": "Planet Fitness" }, { "id": "8085510", "text": "of investors for $1.85 billion to an investment group led by AEA Investors LP and the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan. As of 2017, 24 Hour Fitness has over 4 million members and more than 420 clubs in 18 states, with more than 22,000 employees. Its major competitors in the US are Anytime Fitness, Gold's Gym, Aspen Fitness, and LA Fitness. The company also owns co-branded centers along with celebrities such a Lance Armstrong and Jackie Chan. On July 31, 2007, 24 Hour Fitness settled a class-action lawsuit brought against it by 1.8 million current and former members. The plaintiffs claimed", "title": "24 Hour Fitness" }, { "id": "8711289", "text": "had 1,500 locations with an estimated 10 million members across 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Dominican Republic, Panama and Canada. In 2016, over 90% of Planet Fitness locations were opened by existing franchise owners.<ref name=\"Munarriz, Fox Bus., 04/6/2017\"></ref> In October 2011, Planet Fitness reached an agreement with NBC to sponsor the network's reality show, The Biggest Loser beginning with the 2012 season. The contestants on the show worked out on Planet Fitness equipment and then at Planet Fitness gyms near their homes, working with Planet Fitness instructors. In March 2013, Planet Fitness partnered with 50 Cent to sell", "title": "Planet Fitness" }, { "id": "8711288", "text": "group fitness instruction and pizza and bagels once a month; the $21.99 per month (“Black Card”) level allows members to bring one guest per day at no charge, access to all Planet Fitness locations, and access to extra amenities, such as tanning booths and massage chairs.<ref name=\"Cosmopolitan, 12/24/15\"></ref> In December 2014, Planet Fitness opened its first international location in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The second Toronto location opened in early 2015. In October 2015 the company opened their second international location in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. With the addition of a Planet Fitness outlet in Hawaii in January 2018, Planet Fitness", "title": "Planet Fitness" }, { "id": "8085504", "text": "24 Hour Fitness 24 Hour Fitness is a privately owned and operated fitness center chain headquartered in San Ramon, California. It is the world's largest fitness chain based on memberships and the second in number of clubs (behind Gold's Gym), operating 420 clubs in 13 U.S. states with four million clients. 24 Hour Fitness also employs a collections contracting company located in Jamaica. The company was founded by Mark S. Mastrov and owned by AEA Investors. 24 Hour Fitness operates a nutritional supplement company, Apex Fitness Group, which is also the distributor of the Bodybugg system. Their motto is \"Improving", "title": "24 Hour Fitness" }, { "id": "8711286", "text": "became known as the \"Judgement Free Zone,\" aimed more at the average user than the bodybuilder type of fitness enthusiast. As early as March 2015, the \"Judgement Free Zone\" policy has been expanded to allow trans women to use the women's locker room. The policy states that \"members and guests may use all gym facilities based on their sincere self-reported gender identity.\" In 2003, Planet Fitness opened its first franchised location in Florida, with Eric Dore and Shane McGuiness. In February 2016, the franchise was added to the \"Franchise Times\" \"Fast and Serious\" list of top franchises (#1), and in", "title": "Planet Fitness" }, { "id": "8539325", "text": "Curves International Curves International, also known as Curves for Women, Curves Fitness, or just Curves, is an international fitness franchise co-founded by Gary and Diane Heavin in 1992. In October 2006, Curves was said to have had over 10,000 locations worldwide, with 7,848 of those locations in the United States. As of November 30, 2017, Curves lists 576 franchise locations open in the United States on their Facebook page. In 2012, North Castle Partners, a private equity firm, purchased a partial stake in the company.The company is privately held by its co-founders and North Castle Partners, with corporate offices located", "title": "Curves International" }, { "id": "14526047", "text": "moved its headquarters from Hastings to Woodbury, Minnesota in April 2016. The new location contains 80,000 square feet of office space with a tattoo parlor and running trail. In June 2017, Anytime Fitness became the first U.S.-based fitness chain to be granted a franchising license in China. The company entered into a master franchise agreement with Maurice Levine, who had previously opened franchise locations in Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines. As of 2018, Anytime Fitness had over 4,200 gym locations and 3 million clients in more than 32 countries. Each location is open 24 hours a day, 365 days out", "title": "Anytime Fitness" }, { "id": "9498254", "text": "acquisition of The Buffalo and Rochester Athletic Clubs in western New York. On December 30, 2013, they completed the acquisition of all 10 Vision Quest Sport and Fitness clubs in the greater Seattle area. LA Fitness LA Fitness International LLC (doing business as LA Fitness) is an American gym chain with more than 700 clubs across the United States and Canada. The company was formed in 1984 and is based in Irvine, California. LA Fitness was founded in 1984 by founder Chin Yi, Chairman & CEO and Louis Welch, President & CEO with one location at the corner of Hollenbeck", "title": "LA Fitness" }, { "id": "9498251", "text": "LA Fitness LA Fitness International LLC (doing business as LA Fitness) is an American gym chain with more than 700 clubs across the United States and Canada. The company was formed in 1984 and is based in Irvine, California. LA Fitness was founded in 1984 by founder Chin Yi, Chairman & CEO and Louis Welch, President & CEO with one location at the corner of Hollenbeck Avenue and Arrow Highway in Covina, a suburb of Los Angeles, California. Official records describing the company's history and growth are few. Through the mid-1990s, the company expanded by acquiring under-performing fitness clubs in", "title": "LA Fitness" }, { "id": "19407669", "text": "track their progress more efficiently and accurately. Orangetheory Fitness was ranked #415 in \"Inc.\" magazine's \"Fastest-Growing Private Companies\" list and #255 in \"Entrepreneur\" magazine's 2016 \"Franchise 500\" list of top franchises in the world. Orangetheory Fitness Orangetheory Fitness is a privately owned fitness franchise based in Boca Raton, Florida. It offers group personal training workouts based on high intensity interval training (HIIT) that blend cardiovascular and strength training. There are locations throughout 45 states and 21 countries, with 700 US locations and a total of 1,000 locations worldwide, as of October 2018. Orangetheory Fitness also has locations in Australia, Canada,", "title": "Orangetheory Fitness" }, { "id": "19407664", "text": "Orangetheory Fitness Orangetheory Fitness is a privately owned fitness franchise based in Boca Raton, Florida. It offers group personal training workouts based on high intensity interval training (HIIT) that blend cardiovascular and strength training. There are locations throughout 45 states and 21 countries, with 700 US locations and a total of 1,000 locations worldwide, as of October 2018. Orangetheory Fitness also has locations in Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Germany, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Spain, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. The heart rate monitored group", "title": "Orangetheory Fitness" }, { "id": "8711290", "text": "his energy drink \"Street King\" Since December 2014, Planet Fitness has been the official fitness sponsor of Dick Clark’s New Year’s Rockin’ Eve on ABC. In March 2016, Planet Fitness partnered with STOMP Out Bullying, a national organization dedicated to bullying prevention, and the Boys & Girls Clubs of America to launch the company’s national philanthropic initiative, The Judgement Free Generation. Also in 2016, the company donated more than $1 million to the program. Planet Fitness has also provided mini \"Judgement Free Zone\" gyms to Boys & Girls Clubs in Manchester, New Hampshire and Pasadena, California. In October 2017, Planet", "title": "Planet Fitness" }, { "id": "6433877", "text": "Bally Total Fitness Bally Total Fitness Holding Corporation was an American fitness club chain. At its 2007 peak, prior to the filing of the first of two Chapter 11 bankruptcies, Bally operated nearly 440 facilities located in 29 U.S. states, Mexico, Canada, South Korea, China, and the Caribbean under the Bally Total Fitness, Crunch Fitness, Gorilla Sports, Pinnacle Fitness, Bally Sports Clubs, and Sports Clubs of Canada brands. Bally Total Fitness was the last surviving non-gambling ex-subsidiary of Bally Manufacturing due to the acquisition of Bally Technologies by Scientific Games Corporation in 2014. In 1983, slot-machine and arcade game manufacturer", "title": "Bally Total Fitness" }, { "id": "981410", "text": "Agencies (NCCA) if recognized either by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) and/or the U.S. Department of Education (USDE). As a result, the Distance Education and Training Council (DETC) was recognized by IHRSA as a recognized accreditor of fitness professional certification organizations. Since then, the DETC has accredited several personal trainer certification organizations, including the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America (AFAA) and the International Sports Sciences Association (ISSA) among others. As of August 2012, NASM, ISSA, AFAA, ACSM and NSCA certifications are among the 15 accredited certifications recognized by IHRSA, three of which are accredited by the Distance", "title": "Personal trainer" }, { "id": "14526050", "text": "Anytime Fitness was ranked first on the publication's top global franchises list. Anytime Fitness Anytime Fitness is a 24-hour health and fitness club headquartered in Woodbury, Minnesota. The company operates over 4,000 franchised locations in 30 countries. The gym facilities are open 24 hours a day, 365 days out of the year. Chuck Runyon, Dave Mortensen, and Jeff Klinger founded Anytime Fitness in 2002. Runyon is the CEO of the company. According to \"Forbes\", Anytime Fitness was the fastest growing health club franchise in 2014. In 2015, \"Entrepreneur Magazine\" ranked Anytime Fitness first on its global franchise list. Chuck Runyon,", "title": "Anytime Fitness" }, { "id": "7889367", "text": "Planet Aid Planet Aid is a non-profit organization headquartered in Elkridge, Maryland. Its primary activity is the collection of clothing and other household items for resale and recycling. Founded in 1997 in Massachusetts, the organization has expanded down the East Coast of the United States and operates in 23 states, where it collects items through donation bins placed on sidewalks, parking lots, and other public areas. Some of the proceeds, along with U.S. government grants, are used for charitable aid in Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and other African nations. The American Institute of Philanthropy's CharityWatch has given the organization an \"F\"", "title": "Planet Aid" }, { "id": "11139389", "text": "by 2019. A Los Angeles location was announced in 2017 in Downtown Los Angeles neighborhood. The Frank Gehry designed development will consist of a 20 story hotel tower with 305 rooms. Equinox Fitness Equinox Fitness is an American luxury fitness company which operates several separate fitness brands: Equinox, PURE Yoga, Blink Fitness, and SoulCycle. Within Equinox's portfolio of brands, there are more than 135 locations within every major city across the United States in addition to London, Toronto, and Vancouver. Its national headquarters is in New York City. Equinox is a subsidiary of The Related Companies, one of the largest", "title": "Equinox Fitness" }, { "id": "10580663", "text": "The chain operates in 48 of the United States, plus Canada, Mexico, India, United Kingdom, New Zealand, United Arab Emirates, Australia and The Netherlands. In 2008, the company was ranked in \"Entrepreneur\" magazine's Franchise 500. In 2010, Peter Taunton was named Ernst & Young’s “Entrepreneur of the Year,” for demonstrating extraordinary success in the areas of innovation, financial performance and personal commitment to his business and community. Snap Fitness Snap Fitness is a privately owned and operated health and fitness club founded in 2003 by Peter Taunton. Headquartered in Chanhassen, Minnesota, the company specializes in smaller fitness gyms than its", "title": "Snap Fitness" }, { "id": "8085512", "text": "in the State of California pursuant to allegations that 24 Hour Fitness discriminated based on race and gender in their promotion practices. The claimants are either females, minorities, or both. , 805 complaints had been registered against 24 Hour Fitness with the Better Business Bureau in the previous three years, 276 in the previous 12 months. 24 Hour Fitness has an A+ rating with the private non-governmental organization. 24 Hour Fitness 24 Hour Fitness is a privately owned and operated fitness center chain headquartered in San Ramon, California. It is the world's largest fitness chain based on memberships and the", "title": "24 Hour Fitness" }, { "id": "6433891", "text": "a scheme to get consumers to re-join the club. Bally Total Fitness Bally Total Fitness Holding Corporation was an American fitness club chain. At its 2007 peak, prior to the filing of the first of two Chapter 11 bankruptcies, Bally operated nearly 440 facilities located in 29 U.S. states, Mexico, Canada, South Korea, China, and the Caribbean under the Bally Total Fitness, Crunch Fitness, Gorilla Sports, Pinnacle Fitness, Bally Sports Clubs, and Sports Clubs of Canada brands. Bally Total Fitness was the last surviving non-gambling ex-subsidiary of Bally Manufacturing due to the acquisition of Bally Technologies by Scientific Games Corporation", "title": "Bally Total Fitness" }, { "id": "14329928", "text": "ACSM American Fitness Index The ACSM American Fitness Index Program (Fitness Index) is an initiative of the American College of Sports Medicine that aims to quantitatively measure the overall health and fitness level of the 100 largest cities by population in American. The measure is a composite of indicators for personal health and community resources available for physical activity. The first report, completed in May 2008, ranked the 15 most populous metropolitan areas in the nation, along with Greater Indianapolis (where the ACSM is based). Today, the 100 most populous cities are ranked annually. As of 2018, Arlington, VA was", "title": "ACSM American Fitness Index" }, { "id": "8711285", "text": "in Dover, New Hampshire, when Michael and Marc Grondahl acquired a financially struggling gym and dramatically reduced prices to compete against better-known brands. This low-cost business model focuses on the needs of occasional or first-time health club members, rather than more experienced members. In 1993, the Grondahl brothers hired Chris Rondeau, Planet Fitness’ current CEO, to work the front desk. Rondeau and the Grondahls recognized that there was a greater opportunity to serve a much larger segment of the population if they changed the gym environment, both in attitude and format, by creating a non-intimidating, low-cost model. Planet Fitness then", "title": "Planet Fitness" }, { "id": "13971352", "text": "Icon Health & Fitness Icon Health & Fitness, Inc. (stylized as ICON Health & Fitness) is an exercise equipment manufacturer and marketer based in Logan, Utah, United States. ICON Health and Fitness is the world’s largest manufacturer of exercise equipment. The privately held company employs about 2500 people in 9 locations, including facilities in China, Europe, and North and South America. The company manufactures treadmills, elliptical trainers, stationary bicycles, weight machines and benches, and yoga and Pilates equipment. ICON is ISO 9000 certified, and holds about 250 patents. ICON Health & Fitness has a wide range of brands, products and", "title": "Icon Health & Fitness" }, { "id": "14556519", "text": "annual pay for a personal trainer in the US is $58,875. The highest paid college coach in 2017 was Nick Saban (University of Alabama) who earned $11.1 million. Fitness professionals receive benefits that can include healthcare, paid time off, a pension. There is also the opportunity to accelerate personal achievements and the option to work full-time or part-time. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, \"employment of fitness trainers and instructors is projected to grow 8 percent from 2014 to 2024, about as fast as the average for all occupations.” Fitness professionals need to at least have a high school", "title": "Fitness professional" }, { "id": "11139387", "text": "Equinox Fitness Equinox Fitness is an American luxury fitness company which operates several separate fitness brands: Equinox, PURE Yoga, Blink Fitness, and SoulCycle. Within Equinox's portfolio of brands, there are more than 135 locations within every major city across the United States in addition to London, Toronto, and Vancouver. Its national headquarters is in New York City. Equinox is a subsidiary of The Related Companies, one of the largest real estate development and property management companies in the United States. The first Equinox Fitness location opened in Manhattan's Upper West Side by the Errico family on September 23, 1991. In", "title": "Equinox Fitness" }, { "id": "6628818", "text": "June 2018) and British editions. Circulation doubled between 1997 and 2003 and continues to expand. , circulation was 700,000. As of 2009, the British edition is no longer published under licence from AMI. Dennis Publishing has acquired control of the complete publishing rights for \"Men’s Fitness\" in the UK and Ireland. In late 2017, the print version of \"Men's Fitness\" was folded into \"Men's Journal\". People who have appeared on its cover include Pamela Anderson, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Mark Wahlberg, Liam Hemsworth, Andy Roddick, Joe Weider, Robert Marting, Dana White, Sebastian Siegel, Reggie Bush, Albert Pujols, Karen McDougal, Mike 'The Situation'", "title": "Men's Fitness" }, { "id": "14526048", "text": "of the year. Members have secure access to all facilities (including during unstaffed hours) with a computerized key fob. There are gym locations in all 50 US states, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Ireland, Grand Cayman, Poland, the Netherlands, Spain, Qatar, India, Italy, Chile, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines. In 2016, the company had 188 employees, but its new Woodbury office can hold up to 300. Each club has a security system in place that contains cameras, recorded card swipes, and the ability to notify a security company if a patron is injured or feels unsafe. ProVision", "title": "Anytime Fitness" }, { "id": "18170399", "text": "Gym Source Gym Source is a distributor of residential and commercial fitness equipment in the United States with 31 stores locations in 13 states. The company was founded in 1937 and is headquartered in New York City. Gym Source is the United States' largest distributor of fitness equipment. Opened in 1937 as Cutler Owens Sporting Goods in Midtown Manhattan, Richard Miller purchased the company in 1978, renaming it Gym Source. The privately held company employs about 300 people in 10 states and operates through seven distribution centers. As a fitness equipment retailer, Gym Source serves customers in all 50 states", "title": "Gym Source" }, { "id": "6034729", "text": "World Gym World Gym International is an American fitness center founded in 1976 by Joe Gold during the glory days of \"Muscle Beach\" in Venice Beach, California. Joe Gold is also the founder of Gold's Gym, another globally leading gym, which he sold in 1973. The gym was often frequented by celebrities and famous bodybuilders such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lou Ferrigno and Dave Draper. Since that time, World Gym has evolved into an internationally recognized brand. World Gym currently has approximately over 220 franchises worldwide located across six continents, 20 countries, and territories. Currently owned by the Cammilleri family, their", "title": "World Gym" }, { "id": "8840074", "text": "Life Time Fitness Life Time, Inc. is a chain of health clubs in the United States and Canada. The company was founded by Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bahram Akradi. The company was incorporated in 1990 as FCA, Ltd., a Minnesota corporation, and registered the name Life Time Fitness in 1992. The first club opened in Brooklyn Park, Minnesota. Several locations were added to the Minneapolis–St. Paul area before the chain expanded to suburban communities in other states. Most Life Time Fitness centers are located in exurban or fringe suburban areas in medium to large-sized metropolitan areas, with some locations", "title": "Life Time Fitness" }, { "id": "18170403", "text": "Program. In the same year Gym Source was named the exclusive East Coast distributor of BILT by Agassi and Reyes athletic training equipment; in 2014, the company was tapped as the exclusive East Coast distributor of the FreeCross outdoor elliptical trainer. Gym Source Gym Source is a distributor of residential and commercial fitness equipment in the United States with 31 stores locations in 13 states. The company was founded in 1937 and is headquartered in New York City. Gym Source is the United States' largest distributor of fitness equipment. Opened in 1937 as Cutler Owens Sporting Goods in Midtown Manhattan,", "title": "Gym Source" }, { "id": "11139388", "text": "2006, The Related Companies purchased Equinox Fitness from North Castle Partners and J.W. Childs Associates. In 2008, Equinox brought Pure Yoga to the United States from Hong Kong, which it operates separately. In 2011, Equinox entered a new market by launching Blink, a separate fitness company with a value-driven membership model. In January, 2018, Equinox made a minority stake investment in Rumble Boxing. In early 2016, the company got mixed reviews for images used in their latest advertising campaign. In 2016, the upscale gym giant unveiled plans to open luxury hotels in New York City's Hudson Yards and Los Angeles", "title": "Equinox Fitness" }, { "id": "12461393", "text": "Inlet Square Mall Inlet Square Mall is a single-level regional shopping center in Garden City, South Carolina and Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, United States. Its anchor stores include Belk, Bath & Body Works, Planet Fitness, and Books-A-Million, with three vacant anchors last occupied by Kmart, JCPenney, and Stein Mart. After the opening of a Walmart Supercenter in Garden City, Kmart closed in late April 2014. On January 7, 2015, it was announced that one of the mall's two main anchor stores, JCPenney, would be closing in March of that year. A Planet Fitness opened in place of the former Ladies", "title": "Inlet Square Mall" }, { "id": "7275154", "text": "Gym in Beijing, China with 50 participants. AFAA Japan was first introduced in 1988. There are now 180 AFAA educational faculty members in Japan. AFAA offers the following certification programs and workshops. American Fitness is a division of AFAA that publishes a magazine. It is the official publication of AFAA and it has gained over 100,000 readers. The topic of the articles are usually related to Health clubs, health-related fitness research, current trends, and advances in equipment and training applications. As of July 2012, Meg Jordan served as the Editor-at-large and Kevin McGuire as its Managing Editor. AFAA is now", "title": "Aerobics and Fitness Association of America" }, { "id": "14526040", "text": "Anytime Fitness Anytime Fitness is a 24-hour health and fitness club headquartered in Woodbury, Minnesota. The company operates over 4,000 franchised locations in 30 countries. The gym facilities are open 24 hours a day, 365 days out of the year. Chuck Runyon, Dave Mortensen, and Jeff Klinger founded Anytime Fitness in 2002. Runyon is the CEO of the company. According to \"Forbes\", Anytime Fitness was the fastest growing health club franchise in 2014. In 2015, \"Entrepreneur Magazine\" ranked Anytime Fitness first on its global franchise list. Chuck Runyon, Dave Mortensen, and Jeff Klinger first met in the early 1990s while", "title": "Anytime Fitness" }, { "id": "17753381", "text": "the mall in April 2013 for $2.8 million and management was replaced. Sears closed in January 2015. EFO Furniture opened in February 2017, occupying a portion of the former Sears. Planet Fitness opened in spring 2017, occupying half of the former Sears. J. C. Penney closed at the mall on July 31, 2017. Bon-Ton closed in 2018 due to the chain's liquidation. Columbia Mall changed its name to Columbia Colonnade on November 1, 2018. Columbia Colonnade Columbia Colonnade (formerly Columbia Mall) is a shopping mall located just outside Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. It is anchored by EFO Furniture, Planet Fitness, Dunham's Sports,", "title": "Columbia Colonnade" }, { "id": "8539327", "text": "world's largest fitness franchise and was recently recognized as one of the 10 largest franchise companies in the world. According to Curves International Inc's fact sheet, Curves achieved 6,000 franchises in 7 years. Curves facilities are located in over 85 countries, including the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Japan. Curves is known as in Ukraine, Slovakia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Kazakhstan, Poland, the Czech Republic and Russia. Curves fitness and weight loss facilities are designed specifically for and focused on women. The program is designed around circuit training, which utilizes hydraulic resistance equipment to achieve results.", "title": "Curves International" }, { "id": "6433879", "text": "largest owner and operator of health clubs. It operated a total of 325 health clubs in the United States and Canada. The rebranding was done to take advantage of the Bally name as well as rename the existing Tanny and LaLanne locations. In 1996, Bally Total Fitness was spun from its casino-owning parent. In May 1998, it was listed on the New York Stock Exchange trading under the ticker symbol of BFT. The company carried $300 million in debt at the time of its initial public offering. Paul Toback, a former White House aide in the Clinton administration who joined", "title": "Bally Total Fitness" }, { "id": "20088552", "text": "million mortgage. The malls manager and Dack Realty, who managed the mall, both left before the property's auction. Cressona Mall was sold on October 15, 2015 at a United States Marshals auction for $9,281,842.21 to Wells Fargo. Planet Fitness opened in November 2016; negotiations to be located at the mall took over a year. Goodwill completed an expansion in February 2017. Cinderella’s Closet will open at the mall in 2018 after being previously located at the former Schuylkill Mall. Cressona Mall Cressona Mall is a shopping mall in Pottsville, Pennsylvania off Route 61 and Route 183. The Cressona Mall in", "title": "Cressona Mall" }, { "id": "10525054", "text": "height of the fitness movement in the USA. The sport was added in the biannual Idol Star Athletics Championships for Lunar New Year, 2017 as a male team equivalent to the female individual rhythmic gymnastics, and the scores are given in accordance to FIG Standards. Seventeen (9.8 Technical+9.3 Execution-0.0 Penalty) and ASTRO (9.75+9.45-0.1) both scored 19.10 out of 20.00, but since ASTRO scored higher in Execution, ASTRO won the inaugural event. The Federation of International Sports, Aerobics and Fitness (FISAF) is an international non-profit \"umbrella organization\" active in over 40 countries. It is self-described as \"the largest fitness industry organisation", "title": "Aerobic gymnastics" }, { "id": "14526043", "text": "29 franchises before they opened their own corporate-owned location in Bemidji, Minnesota. In February 2005, Anytime Fitness opened its 77th club, the first location outside of the United States, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. By 2008, the company was approaching 700 franchisees in 45 U.S. states and Canada. At that time, the company also operated 12 corporately owned locations. In January 2009, the company opened its 1000th club in Wake Village, Texas. By October 2009, the company had more than 1,200 clubs with around 800,000 members. In December 2009, Jeff Klinger, who had been the company's CEO since inception, sold", "title": "Anytime Fitness" }, { "id": "7275153", "text": "and certifications internationally but mainly operates in the United States. AFAA's certifications are accredited by Vital Research and AFAA is a member of the National Organization of Competency Assurance (NOCA). AFAA also applied for an additional accreditation through an organization recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) and the U.S. Department of Education, meeting IHRSA's recommendation on accreditation for fitness certification organizations. Through its semi-annual event, APEX, AFAA has succeeded in attracting and certifying personal trainers year after year. AFAA has expanded the company in Japan, and more recently China. AFAA China held their first workshops at Nirvana", "title": "Aerobics and Fitness Association of America" }, { "id": "11000434", "text": "IDEA Health and Fitness Association IDEA Health & Fitness Association is a membership association for fitness and wellness professionals. The association’s approximately 22,000 members hail from over 80 countries, with most members living and practicing their craft in North America. Members are personal fitness trainers, group fitness instructors, body-mind-spirit professionals (yoga, Pilates, etc.), and health club facility owners, managers and fitness program directors. IDEA turns out 20 print educational vehicles per year—including its flagship magazine \"IDEA Fitness Journal\", and the niche newsletters \"IDEA Trainer Success\" and \"IDEA Fitness Manager\". Additionally, the association offers two free monthly digital information vehicles that", "title": "IDEA Health and Fitness Association" }, { "id": "12032680", "text": "GoodLife Fitness Goodlife Fitness Centres Inc. is the largest health club company in Canada with over 300 locations across the country. In June 2005, GoodLife became the official Canadian Agent of Les Mills International programs, the world's largest provider of choreographed exercise-to-music group fitness classes. In February 2013, GoodLife Fitness announced a partnership to become the exclusive provider of Jillian Michaels BODYSHRED in Canada. In September 2015, GoodLife Fitness announced a partnership with 24 Hour Fitness in the United States. Now GoodLife Fitness members can use over 400 locations with their Canada-Wide membership across the U.S. and vice versa. GoodLife", "title": "GoodLife Fitness" }, { "id": "6628817", "text": "Men's Fitness Men's Fitness is a men's magazine published by American Media, Inc and founded in the United States in 1987. The premier issue featured Michael Pare from the television series \"The Greatest American Hero\". The magazine's slogan is \"How the Best Man Wins\". The magazine targets men ages 21–40 years and features in-depth articles on fitness, nutrition, and sports, as well as sex tips, fashion advice, interviews, recipes, and surveys. Since its inception, \"Men’s Fitness\" has become one of the fastest-growing titles in its category and licenses its title and format to Russian, Australian (readership of 119th. as of", "title": "Men's Fitness" }, { "id": "18170400", "text": "and 47 countries. As of 2014, the firm serves more than 300,000 customers internationally and has made nearly 2 million deliveries, making it the largest fitness equipment distributor in the United States. Gym Source major brand includes Precor, Cybex International, Hampton Fitness, Hoist Equipment, Octane Fitness, Polar USA, Power Plate, Tuff Stuff, Schwinn Fitness, Stairmaster, and TRUE Fitness. It has been a Better Business Bureau accredited business since September 13, 1989; currently, every Gym Source store has an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau. In 1937, Al Owens and Murray Cutler founded a sporting goods store called Cutler Owens.", "title": "Gym Source" }, { "id": "16212741", "text": "\"USA Today\", and the \"New York Times\". As reported in Club Business International magazine in 2008, Pilzer has criticized the fitness industry for catering mostly to fit individuals and missing the opportunity to serve a growing international obese population. In 2008, Pilzer was a keynote speaker for Planet Fitness and in 2010, Pilzer's wife, Lisa Dang Pilzer, became an area developer franchisee for Planet Fitness in Salt Lake City, Utah. In 1985, Pilzer testified before the U.S. Congress on the then-developing savings loan crisis. Pilzer visited the former Soviet Union in 1969 as a high school chess player and lectured", "title": "Paul Zane Pilzer" }, { "id": "6433882", "text": "on June 22, 2012 and reopened as \"Danville Fit\". The former Bally club in Colorado Springs, CO changed ownership in June 2014, and became Voretex Fitness. In December 2014, thirty-two locations located in New York, New Jersey, Denver, and San Francisco Bay Area are acquired by 24 Hour Fitness. The Greece, New York location closed without notice on December 30, 2014. The NYC 106th st location became a Tapout Fitness center in August 2016. As of October 2016, Bally was down to its last location in New York City. The last Bally location in Penta NYC closed on October 26,", "title": "Bally Total Fitness" }, { "id": "18690935", "text": "of the top fitness clubs in the entire world with 104,000 square feet. The 140,000 square foot Sports Dome was built in 2003 and is the largest air structure in the United States. The Sports Dome temporarily covers HealthQuest Park from November to March to allow elite competition and training to continue to progress through the winter months. Diamond Nation Diamond Nation is a 65-acre baseball complex in Flemington, New Jersey that was established in 2009. It is home to Jack Cust Baseball Academy and Jennie Finch Softball Academy making itself a premier baseball and softball tournament and training center", "title": "Diamond Nation" }, { "id": "8909434", "text": "health clubs, especially in the United States, are equipped with a range of facilities and provide personal trainer support. An early public gymnasium started in Paris in 1847. However, the history of health clubs for the general public can be traced back to Santa Monica, California in 1947. Jack Lalanne created the first American fitness club 1936 in Oakland, California. Health club A health club (also known as a fitness club, fitness centre, health spa, and commonly referred to as a gym) is a place that houses exercise equipment for the purpose of physical exercise. Most health clubs have a", "title": "Health club" }, { "id": "19201015", "text": "Ali Holman Ali Holman is an American national TV fitness expert, author and certified trainer and sports nutritionist. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, she attended University of Arizona, degree in Broadcast Journalism. Certified through IFPA & ACE. Ali Holman has been a regular On-Air Fitness & Health Expert for media outlets such as CBS, FOX, NBC, NBCSports, ABC Daytime, Glamour, Men's Fitness, Shape Magazine, WomensForum, DaytimeTV, Good Day LA, Robert Irvine, Yahoo! and MSN. Holman is the owner of CoreCamper.com, with members worldwide, that offers daily 20-minute online workouts, meal plans and recipes. CoreCamper.com allows one to workout when and where", "title": "Ali Holman" }, { "id": "12223308", "text": "Red Planet Media Red Planet Media, Inc. is an American mobile entertainment services company. The company was a spun out of ClearSky Mobile Media, Inc. in 2007 to concentrate on the development of new mobile media platforms for the U.S. and Latin American markets. Since that time, the company has launched a multi-lingual mobile social networking platform called JumpInMobile.com and a mobile video-on-demand service called JumpInMobile.TV. Red Planet Media is headquartered in Orlando Florida. JumpInMobile.com, also referred to as \"JumpIn\", is a mobile social networking application that enables people to use their cell phones to chat, share photos, create personal", "title": "Red Planet Media" }, { "id": "19468285", "text": "Fitness app A fitness app is an application that can be downloaded on any mobile device and used anywhere to get fit. As of 2015, the number of health-related apps released on the two leading platforms, iPhone operating system (iOS) and Android, had reached more than 165,000. Apps can perform various functions such as allowing users to set fitness goals, tracking caloric intake, gathering workout ideas, and sharing progress on social media to facilitate healthy behavior change. They can be used as a platform to promote healthy behavior change with personalized workouts, fitness advice and nutrition plans. Fitness apps can", "title": "Fitness app" }, { "id": "7275155", "text": "distributing audio tracks for fitness workshops, as well as videos. Aerobics and Fitness Association of America The Athletics and Fitness Association of America (AFAA) is a fitness education company that was established in 1983, and operates out of Sherman Oaks, California. The company was previously known as the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America, but changed its name in July 2016. According to Andrew Wyant, president and general manager of the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM), parent organization of AFAA, the name change was to better demonstrate the vision AFAA has for a future in fitness that includes so", "title": "Aerobics and Fitness Association of America" }, { "id": "12557423", "text": "Planet of the Drums Founded during the summer of 2000, the Planet of the Drums is the alliance of four of America's most popular drum and bass DJ's: AK1200 (Dave Minner, Orlando, Florida), DJ Dara (Darragh Guilfoyle, Brooklyn, New York), Dieselboy (Damian Higgins, Brooklyn, New York), and MC Messinian (James Fiorella, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). The alliance was created to move drum and bass out of siderooms and onto the main stages of electronic dance music events. In fall 2009 the Planet of the Drums embarked on their Tenth Anniversary Tour. The Planet of the Drums is the longest-running annual national electronic", "title": "Planet of the Drums" }, { "id": "20286363", "text": "and non-fitness product called \"LifePass\". Both ClassPass and Doppler Labs were listed as \"Next Billion Dollar Startups\" by Forbes in 2016. In 2017, ClassPass announced Lanman as CEO, swapping roles with Kadakia who became Executive Chairman. Subsequent to Lanman becoming CEO, Temasek led a $70m Series C financing in the company in June 2017. In an interview on CNBC in May 2017, Lanman confirmed that ClassPass's intention was to eventually IPO, though he gave no definitive timetable. ClassPass is the largest fitness network leading members to fitness studios and classes with over 8,500 partners in 49 cities worldwide. In early", "title": "Fritz Lanman" }, { "id": "7275152", "text": "Aerobics and Fitness Association of America The Athletics and Fitness Association of America (AFAA) is a fitness education company that was established in 1983, and operates out of Sherman Oaks, California. The company was previously known as the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America, but changed its name in July 2016. According to Andrew Wyant, president and general manager of the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM), parent organization of AFAA, the name change was to better demonstrate the vision AFAA has for a future in fitness that includes so many more activities than aerobics classes. AFAA offers education workshops", "title": "Aerobics and Fitness Association of America" }, { "id": "15175639", "text": "Tia Walker Tia Walker (born November 26, 1970) is an American blogger and founder of \"A-List Diet & Fitness™\", a celebrity-oriented diet and fitness website, launched in 2014.She is also the founder and publisher of \"The Quest for \"it\"®\", a blog created in 2005, that is best known for its Fashion Week reporting in New York, as well as its in-depth coverage of the worlds of art, fashion, media, and society. Tia Walker was born into an Air Force family. Her parents met in Germany, but returned to her mother's hometown of Norfolk, Virginia several months prior to her birth.", "title": "Tia Walker" }, { "id": "10874578", "text": "closed on 12 July, and two senior executives were being interrogated by the Customs and Excise on suspicion of violating trade description law. On 20 July it was announced that all its gyms in Singapore would also close. California Fitness The first California Fitness club was established in 1996 in the business district of Hong Kong near Lan Kwai Fong. There were 16 clubs in Hong Kong, Singapore and China. California Fitness was acquired in 1999 by 24 Hour Fitness Worldwide, which sold it to the Ansa Group in 2012. California Fitness is the trading name of JV Fitness; it", "title": "California Fitness" }, { "id": "8149626", "text": "values, and he has been outspoken about his support of pro-life causes. In 2004 Heavin was named the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. He is also the author of several books, including \"Curves: Permanent Results Without Permanent Dieting\" and \"Curves On the Go\". Heavin and his second wife Diane opened their first Curves center in 1992 in Harlingen, Texas. Curves is now based in Waco, Texas. By 2007, Curves had over 10,000 locations and was the largest fitness chain in the world. However, since selling Curves to North Castle Partners, a private equity company, Curves franchises have closed", "title": "Gary Heavin" }, { "id": "17324408", "text": "Zumba Fitness: World Party Zumba Fitness: World Party (a.k.a. Zumba Fitness 4) is the fourth video game in the installment of the Fitness series, with this game being the sequel to \"Zumba Fitness Core\" (2012). This game is based on the Zumba program as it was then later followed by \"Zumba Kids\" (2013). The game was developed by Zoë Mode and published by Majesco Entertainment. It was released for current-generation consoles on 5 November 2013 in the United States and was also released on 22 November 2013 for Xbox One as a launch title. There are 45 pre-set classes as", "title": "Zumba Fitness: World Party" }, { "id": "2233898", "text": "Reader’s Choice for men's health/fitness magazines in \"Adweek's\" 2013, 2014, and 2015 Hot List, and both Editor's Choice and Reader's Choice for the 2016 Hot List. It was also recognized in 2017 as an \"Ad Age\" magazine of the year. In March 2017 \"Men's Health\" was named a Print Medal Finalist for the Society of Publication Designers' Annual Design Competition Awards; it was also nominated in 2015 and 2016. Although \"Men's Health\" was founded in the U.S., its international editions have made it the world's largest men's magazine brand. These magazines reach over 71 million readers worldwide. \"Men's Health\" is", "title": "Men's Health" }, { "id": "6433880", "text": "Bally as a corporate development officer in 1997, was named Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in December 2002, immediately after predecessor Lee Hillman resigned. On November 18, 2011, Bally Total Fitness announced the sale of 171 of its clubs located in sixteen states and the District of Columbia to an affiliate of LA Fitness for $153 million. In February 2012, it sold the Toledo Airport Road club to Red Fitness 24/7. In April 2012, Bally sold an additional 39 facilities to Blast Fitness. Blast Fitness has begun operating the new facilities under their own name in stages, transitioning entirely away from", "title": "Bally Total Fitness" }, { "id": "2930783", "text": "Walgreens Walgreen Company or simply Walgreens is an American company that operates as the second-largest pharmacy store chain in the United States behind CVS Health. It specializes in filling prescriptions, health and wellness products, health information, and photo services. As of August 31, 2018, the company operated 9,560 stores in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1901. The Walgreens headquarters office is in the Chicago suburb of Deerfield, Illinois. In 2014 the company agreed to purchase the remaining 55% of Switzerland-based Alliance Boots that it", "title": "Walgreens" }, { "id": "6611159", "text": "Fitness First Fitness First is an international fitness centre brand founded in 1993 in the United Kingdom. The company owned and operated its clubs around the world, until financial pressures saw parts of the company sold off to various owners in different regions between 2016 and 2017. The Fitness First brand has been retained by its new owners in most cases. In 2014, there were 377 Fitness First clubs and more than 900,000 members globally. The first Fitness First club was opened by Mike Balfour in 1993 in Bournemouth, UK. Fitness First entered the Australian market in 2000 after buying", "title": "Fitness First" }, { "id": "13010816", "text": "gymnasia have been reconceptualized to accommodate the popular team and individual games and sports that have supplanted gymnastics in the school curriculum. Today, gymnasia are commonplace in the United States. They are in virtually all U.S. colleges and high schools, as well as almost all middle schools and elementary schools. These facilities are used for physical education, intramural sports, and school gatherings. The number of gyms in the U.S. has more than doubled since the late 1980s. Gym A gymnasium, also known as a gym, is a covered location for gymnastics, athletics, and gymnastic services. The word is derived from", "title": "Gym" }, { "id": "981400", "text": "The profession is generally not restricted by venue, and personal trainers may work in fitness facilities, in their personal homes, in client homes, over live video (also called \"virtual personal trainers\"), or outdoors. Almost all personal trainers and group exercise instructors work in physical fitness facilities, health clubs, and fitness centers located in the amusement and recreation industry or in civic and social organizations. Personal training is not regulated in any jurisdiction in the United States except for Washington D.C. which adopted registration requirements for personal fitness trainers in February 2014. Personal trainers may specialize in a certain training type,", "title": "Personal trainer" }, { "id": "8840076", "text": "withholding wages in 2004. In 2009, a court ruled in favor of employees in the case of \"Baden-Winterwood v. Life Time Fitness Inc.\", with a judgment that employees must be paid in accordance with federal and state wage-and-hour laws which require overtime pay for hours worked in excess of 40 in a workweek. Life Time Fitness Life Time, Inc. is a chain of health clubs in the United States and Canada. The company was founded by Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bahram Akradi. The company was incorporated in 1990 as FCA, Ltd., a Minnesota corporation, and registered the name Life", "title": "Life Time Fitness" }, { "id": "18218792", "text": "PureGym PureGym Limited is a chain of no frills fitness clubs in the United Kingdom. The chain is based in Leeds and has gyms across the UK. It is Britain's largest gym chain by membership, being the first to gain 1,000,000 members. It has plans to open 300 gyms by 2020. In May 2015, PureGym acquired all gyms from rival UK fitness chain LA Fitness bringing the total number of gyms across the UK to 141. As of September 2017, PureGym has 172 gyms across the United Kingdom according to their website. Most gyms are open 24 hours a day", "title": "PureGym" }, { "id": "18951145", "text": "In 2014 and 2015, major WFF events were staged outside of Europe for the first time with the 2014 WFF Universe being held in South Korea and the World Championships being hosted by Australia and South Africa in 2014 and 2015 respectively. 2016 saw the WFF Universe make its way to the USA for the very first time. The WFF currently stages two major international competitions each year: The WFF also holds intercontinental championships coinciding with the two major events above: In 2014 the WFF Professional Division was created to provide an additional level of elite level competition. The first", "title": "World Fitness Federation" }, { "id": "17920123", "text": "Richard (Dick) Talens Richard (Dick) Talens is an entrepreneur and fitness coach. He is the co-founder of Fitocracy, an online game and social network with over 1.5 million members. He was named one of the world's most influential people in health & fitness by Greatist in 2014. Richard Talens is the trainer of Miss America 2013 Mallory Hagan. He co-founded the social network Fitocracy with Brian Wang. He has spoken about his experience with fitness through TEDx and as \"Lifehacker\"s health and fitness writer. Talens has a B.S. in Managing E-Commerce from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.", "title": "Richard (Dick) Talens" }, { "id": "17920124", "text": "Richard (Dick) Talens Richard (Dick) Talens is an entrepreneur and fitness coach. He is the co-founder of Fitocracy, an online game and social network with over 1.5 million members. He was named one of the world's most influential people in health & fitness by Greatist in 2014. Richard Talens is the trainer of Miss America 2013 Mallory Hagan. He co-founded the social network Fitocracy with Brian Wang. He has spoken about his experience with fitness through TEDx and as \"Lifehacker\"s health and fitness writer. Talens has a B.S. in Managing E-Commerce from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.", "title": "Richard (Dick) Talens" }, { "id": "14556517", "text": "modules to take candidates through the steps in Aquafit, Group Fitness and/or Weight Training Instructor and Personal Trainer national certification. Personal training, Athletic training, and physical therapy are all technically distinct specialties with different processes and requirements for certification. In the United States the main certifying agency for personal trainers is ACSM (the American College of Sports Medicine), while the main certifying agency for athletic trainers is NATA (the National Athletic Trainers' Association). Obtaining certification or licensure as a physical therapist requires that you attend and graduate from a masters or doctoral program in physical therapy. A coach can help", "title": "Fitness professional" }, { "id": "9975042", "text": "$30 a month to become licensed Zumba instructors. The fitness routine became popular nationally and the Zumba Instructor Network grew; they then branched into direct video sales. As of 2010, Zumba Fitness is in 50,000 locations in 75 countries. In 2012, Insight Venture Partners and the Raine Group made an investment. In 2013, Inc magazine estimated the value of the company at $500 million. By 2015, according to Perlman, there were 14 million Zumba students in 186 countries. Bolstered by steady fee income, they expanded the brand into music collections, clothing, footwear, and video games (altogether about 50% of revenues", "title": "Alberto Perlman" }, { "id": "20274638", "text": "4 of 10 most financially successful entertainment applications for the iPad. In July of that year, their application \"All-in Fitness\", became a leader in more than 40 countries, in the \"Healthcare & Fitness\" section of the AppStore. In the US, the application was included into the top-30 paid apps in the App Store. In Russia, \"All-in Fitness\" has become the most popular programme of all available applications. Viaden Media was twice recognised in the annual \"App Store Awards\" given by Apple. In 2010 and 2011, the company was recognised for the App Store Rewind award in the \"Fitness\" category. Viaden", "title": "Viaden Media" }, { "id": "17698192", "text": "removed effective immediately, and the service was disabled entirely on July 1, 2017, after which users were no longer be able to use \"Xbox Fitness\" or access its content. No refunds will be provided for purchased content. Xbox Fitness Xbox Fitness was a service for the Xbox One console, developed by Microsoft Studios in partnership with Sumo Digital, which featured fitness and exercise videos from trainers Jillian Michaels, Tracy Anderson, Tony Horton of P90X and Shaun T of Insanity. Xbox Fitness was one of the 22 game titles that launched with Xbox One and in the first 24 hours after", "title": "Xbox Fitness" }, { "id": "3971768", "text": "of TV screens in over 600 Australian petrol stations. They recently also have over 80% of the market share in Gym's Australia wide, including Fernwood, Goodlife, Fitness First and Anytime Fitness to name a few. Through a joint-venture with Motivate Publishing, the Gulf's leading publisher of magazines and books, Val Morgan expanded its operations into the United Arab Emirates, representing the advertising interests of many key cinemas in the region. In the 1980s and early 1990s, Hoyts operated the local operations of RCA/Columbia Pictures International Video, known as RCA-Columbia Pictures-Hoyts Video. RCA/Columbia Pictures/Hoyts released approximately 12 new video titles every", "title": "Hoyts" }, { "id": "20053506", "text": "Anna Kaiser Anna Kaiser is an American fitness professional, choreographer, and entrepreneur. In 2016 and 2017, \"Greatist\" named Kaiser one of the 100 Most Influential People in Health & Fitness. She is the personal trainer of Kelly Ripa, Shakira, Karlie Kloss, Hilary Duff, and Sarah Jessica Parker. She started AKT InMotion, a fitness company, in 2013 and now operates studios in Los Angeles, New York, the Hamptons, and Connecticut. The fitness professional also offers a streaming program called AKT On Demand, which was named one of \"Vogue\"'s best online workouts in 2016, and a DVD collection that features her \"Happy", "title": "Anna Kaiser" }, { "id": "12223311", "text": "Colombia and Miami. An estimated 30 million phones were supported at the time of the launch. Each channel requires a monthly subscription ranging from $3.99 to $4.99, which appears on the subscriber's monthly phone bill. Red Planet Media Red Planet Media, Inc. is an American mobile entertainment services company. The company was a spun out of ClearSky Mobile Media, Inc. in 2007 to concentrate on the development of new mobile media platforms for the U.S. and Latin American markets. Since that time, the company has launched a multi-lingual mobile social networking platform called JumpInMobile.com and a mobile video-on-demand service called", "title": "Red Planet Media" }, { "id": "6626642", "text": "activity with pedometers. Both groups had results showing they had decreased their BMIs with the America on the Move group decreasing their BMI much more significantly. In the West, there is a high prevalence of overweight and obese children and adults. In the U.S.A., only 26% of adults engage in vigorous leisure-time activity (which includes a sport) or exercising three or more times per week. In an effort to increase adult involvement and decrease the percentage of adult inactivity, the US Department of Health and Human Services has set a national health objective for 2010 that hopes to \"Reduce the", "title": "Social influences on fitness behavior" }, { "id": "6433881", "text": "the Bally's name. Those two sales left Bally with 44 locations, 27 of them in the New York area, 8 in the San Francisco area, 1 in Louisiana and 8 in Colorado. After the LA Fitness transaction, Bally had approximately 800,000 members; the sale allowed Bally to retire its corporate debt. All of the clubs in the Cleveland area were sold to Red Fitness 24/7, effective December 31, 2012. Some employees received termination notices the same day. The number of clubs still in the Bally chain continued to dwindle. For example, the Bally Total Fitness location in Danville, California closed", "title": "Bally Total Fitness" }, { "id": "14433193", "text": "(IHRSA) April 2005 (p. 49) \"Clark Hatch considers public offering to fund expansion\", \"Health Club Management\", October 11, 2005, Clark Hatch Clark Hatch is a physical fitness \"missionary\" who explored Asia, bringing the word on improving health via exercise and nutrition. He has been called \"a cross between Marco Polo and Jack LaLanne\" by \"Club Industry Magazine.\" Starting in 1965, Hatch opened fitness centers in 14 Far East countries, usually the first such facility in each nation, and then expanded into Australia, India, the Middle East and the United States, for a final total of 120. Now retired, he oversees", "title": "Clark Hatch" }, { "id": "7940651", "text": "acquired Club Apps in 2014, one of the largest providers of custom club mobile applications. The acquisition expanded the Netpulse platform to an additional 700 clubs in the U.S. It also resulted in, Kelly Sweeney, co-founder and former president of Club Apps, joining Netpulse as Vice President of Sales. Netpulse is an assignee of United States Patent 7022047, \"Interface for controlling and accessing information on an exercise device\", which was patented on April 4, 2006. Netpulse Netpulse is an American fitness technology company, and a provider of branded mobile apps for health clubs. Netpulse was founded in 2001 by Thomas", "title": "Netpulse" }, { "id": "15569738", "text": "from Denver, CO to Burbank, CA as part of a restructuring deal. MusclePharm is a publicly traded company (ticker symbol MSLP). As of July 2014, MusclePharm has nearly 12 million shares outstanding. Some of the largest shareholders include: Phillip Frost, Wynfield Capital, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and CEO and founder Bradley J Pyatt. In June 2015, it was announced that developer of Body For Life fitness and nutrition program, Bill Phillips, would join MusclePharm’s team as the Strategic Adviser and Chief Editor. It was also announced that health and wellness expert, Ryan Drexler, would join MusclePharms board of directors. MusclePharm has entered", "title": "MusclePharm" }, { "id": "10874573", "text": "at the various branches until their date of closing. In August 2012, more than 200 members, many of whom found themselves unable to travel to California WOW Xperience's single remaining Thailand branch to make use of longterm or lifetime memberships, filed complaints against the company in hopes of being refunded. The Foundation for Consumers along with 100 former customers have filed a lawsuit against California WOW Xperience which is now awaiting a court order. Incidentally, this was also the very same month 24 Hour Fitness was sold in USA. At roughly the same time, CalFit Taiwan gyms abruptly closed on", "title": "California Fitness" }, { "id": "19987808", "text": "\"America's Next Great Trainer\". In 2014, \"Muscle and Fitness\" magazine chose Sepulveda as one of the women in a photo profile entitled \"America's hot girls of the gym\". The magazine \"Inside Fitness\" profiled her in October 2015. By February 2017, Sepulveda had 110,000 followers on Instagram. On January 22, 2017, the \"New York Post\" published an article identifying her as being a full-time model. Sepulveda later said that she had been working as a model for three years, and that her police colleagues were aware of, and supportive of her modeling. Amid the media generated by the article, Sepulveda has", "title": "Samantha Sepulveda" }, { "id": "14329930", "text": "scores to measure the availability and convenience of local parks, farmers' markets, alternative transportation, and community recreation facilities like pools, tennis courts, and baseball diamonds. ACSM American Fitness Index The ACSM American Fitness Index Program (Fitness Index) is an initiative of the American College of Sports Medicine that aims to quantitatively measure the overall health and fitness level of the 100 largest cities by population in American. The measure is a composite of indicators for personal health and community resources available for physical activity. The first report, completed in May 2008, ranked the 15 most populous metropolitan areas in the", "title": "ACSM American Fitness Index" }, { "id": "14433187", "text": "Clark Hatch Clark Hatch is a physical fitness \"missionary\" who explored Asia, bringing the word on improving health via exercise and nutrition. He has been called \"a cross between Marco Polo and Jack LaLanne\" by \"Club Industry Magazine.\" Starting in 1965, Hatch opened fitness centers in 14 Far East countries, usually the first such facility in each nation, and then expanded into Australia, India, the Middle East and the United States, for a final total of 120. Now retired, he oversees an active organization of 41 centers from Honolulu to Kathmandu. Over the past 45 years he estimates he has", "title": "Clark Hatch" }, { "id": "14233997", "text": "country. The company offers yoga classes and sells yoga clothing and accessories. YogaWorks also offers training programs for yoga teachers. Some locations offer juice bars and spa-like amenities. Its classes are accessed through membership, class package, or single class pricing options. YogaWorks YogaWorks is one of the largest and fastest growing providers of yoga instruction in the U.S., with almost 3 million student visits in 2016. The company operates 66 company-owned studios as well as their Internet-based digital media service, MyYogaWorks.com. YogaWorks is present in eight geographically dispersed U.S. markets — Los Angeles, Orange County (California), New York City, Northern", "title": "YogaWorks" }, { "id": "6611162", "text": "all 62 Fitness First clubs in the UK, selling 14 of those and continuing to operate 48 under the Fitness First brand. In 2017, Fitness First Asia merged with Celebrity Fitness to create Evolution Wellness, co-owned by Oaktree and Navis Capital Partners, however both brands will remain separate. Fitness First has a range of different products and services including BodyFirst, Group Fitness Classes, Personal Training, Team Workouts, cardio machines, and operates annual New You Achievement Awards to recognise the progress of members. Fitness First is also the company behind International Fitness Week which takes place each February. Initiatives in 2009", "title": "Fitness First" }, { "id": "13853691", "text": "17, 2017 that they would be closing their store on July 31, 2017 as part of a plan to close 138 stores nationwide. This was later delayed for unknown reasons, and the store would then close at the end of August. In 2018, it was announced that Planet Fitness and H&M would move into the vacant JCPenney store with both stores scheduled to open in fall 2018. It was also announced that Outback Steakhouse would be built on the northeast corner of the mall property which is scheduled to open around Thanksgiving 2018. On April 18, 2018 Bergner's announced that", "title": "Eastland Mall (Bloomington, Illinois)" }, { "id": "18838300", "text": "in which Lockhart is assaulted by elderly people had no prior experience in film acting. Alexander wrote that this scene \"wasn't as torturous as it appears.\" The film premiered at the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema in Austin, Texas on December 10, 2016, as part of the Butt-Numb-A-Thon Film Festival. It subsequently received a theatrical release in the United States on February 17, 2017, by 20th Century Fox, after initially being slated for a September 23, 2016 release date. In the United States, 20th Century Fox premiered a 40-second exclusive commercial during the 51st Super Bowl on February 5, 2017, which resembled", "title": "A Cure for Wellness" }, { "id": "9627021", "text": "Town Sports International Holdings Town Sports International Holdings (or TSI Holdings; ) is an operator of fitness centers in the Eastern United States, California and in Switzerland. Its brands include New York Sports Clubs, Boston Sports Clubs, Philadelphia Sports Clubs, Washington Sports Clubs, Lucille Roberts, TMPL Gym and Total Woman Gym and Spa . Founded in 1973 and based in New York City, the firm went public on June 6 of 2006 on NASDAQ. As of 2007 TSI Holdings operated over 155 clubs with approximately 483,000 members. Patrick Walsh was appointed CEO on September 30, 2016. New York City is", "title": "Town Sports International Holdings" }, { "id": "13423977", "text": "EXOS EXOS, formerly named Athletes' Performance, is an American Limited Liability Company founded in 1999. In 2014, EXOS acquired Medifit Corporate Services, which staffs corporate wellness centers nationwide. The brand names Athletes' Performance and the subsidiary Core Performance were integrated into the brand name EXOS as well. The company focuses on proactive health and performance for elite athletes, the military and businesses. Founded by Mark Verstegen in 1999 and based in Phoenix, Arizona, it has private training facilities in Phoenix, Arizona; Fieldhouse USA in Frisco, Texas; at StubHub Center in Carson, California; the SKLZ headquarters in Carlsbad, California; and at", "title": "EXOS" }, { "id": "5825795", "text": "Martin Drake brought bodybuilding and fitness back to the AAU. In 2004, the World Bodybuilding & Fitness Association (WBFA) announced they had acquired the rights to the Mr. America name and would resume running contests under that banner. In 2015, rights to Mr. America were acquired by Bruce Ebel, and the contest's annual event cycle resumed via MRA Promotions. Qualifying events in spring are sponsored by the National Gym Association (NGA), Nspire Sports League (NSL), and Ultimate Fitness Events (UFE). The next Mr. America Expo and contest was to have been held in Baltimore in October 2017. Tall Medium-Tall Medium", "title": "Mr. America (contest)" }, { "id": "6698261", "text": "has more than 733 centers internationally. In November, 2005, Gymboree settled a lawsuit relating to overtime compensation in Riverside, California for $2.3 million. The lawsuit alleged that Gymboree did not pay some mandatory overtime or provide required meal breaks. Gymboree Gymboree Group, Inc. is an American, San Francisco-based corporation that operates a chain of over 1,200 specialty retail stores of children's apparel in the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada. Bain Capital acquired the company in 2010. Gymboree filed for bankruptcy in June 2017 and reemerged from bankruptcy in September 2017. The company is now owned by a group of", "title": "Gymboree" }, { "id": "14233995", "text": "YogaWorks YogaWorks is one of the largest and fastest growing providers of yoga instruction in the U.S., with almost 3 million student visits in 2016. The company operates 66 company-owned studios as well as their Internet-based digital media service, MyYogaWorks.com. YogaWorks is present in eight geographically dispersed U.S. markets — Los Angeles, Orange County (California), New York City, Northern California, Boston, Baltimore/Washington D.C., Atlanta, and Houston. YogaWorks teachers taught more than 180,000 classes and the company had more than 225,000 students in 2016. Since 1990, YogaWorks has offered a teacher training program, which has over 11,000 graduates. Yogaworks was founded", "title": "YogaWorks" } ]

[ "Himadri Station" ]

[ { "id": "2672197", "text": "Gangotri was finally decommissioned on 25 February 1990 and subsequently turned into a supply base. In 1991, the eleventh Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica conducted geomagnetic observations simultaneously at Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Payer using sensors. In 2008, India set up its first permanent research base on the Arctic Ocean, Himadri. In 2012, a third research station, the Bharati was made operational, although only for testing. Dakshin Gangotri Dakshin Gangotri was the first scientific base station of India situated in Antarctica, part of the Indian Antarctic Programme. It is located at a distance of from the South Pole. It is", "title": "Dakshin Gangotri" }, { "id": "5079469", "text": "Research station A research station is a station that is built for the purpose of conducting scientific research. Research station sites might include remote areas of the world, oceans, as well as outer space, such as the International Space Station. Some research stations are located in the Arctic, such as the Northeast Science Station, McGill Arctic Research Station and Himadri Station. Some stations in the Arctic are manned drifting ice stations, built on the ice of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean. Many nations also have research stations located in Antarctica; Showa Station, Halley and Troll are examples. There", "title": "Research station" }, { "id": "10151920", "text": "Applied Physics Laboratory Ice Station The Applied Physics Laboratory Ice Station 2007 (APLIS07) is a U.S.A. and Japanese laboratory dedicated to the study of global climate change, located about 300 km south of the Arctic Circle, Alaska on the West Ridge of the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus. Citing the home site: The International Arctic Research Center (IARC) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) was established in 1999 as a cooperative research institute supported by both the U.S. and Japanese governments. Funding comes from the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the U.S. and", "title": "Applied Physics Laboratory Ice Station" }, { "id": "18552314", "text": "Alain Hubert Alain Hubert (born September 11, 1953) is a Belgian explorer. He is a certified mountain and polar guide, a civil engineer, the President of the Board and one of the founders of the International Polar Foundation. He is the founder and president of the International Polar foundation. With the Foundation and its private partners, he built and financed the construction of the scientific research station ‘Princess Elisabeth’. This station is the first ‘zero emission’ station in Antarctica, designed under the spirit of the Madrid Protocol establishing in 1992 the strictest environmental rules to date for a continent through", "title": "Alain Hubert" }, { "id": "12884868", "text": "Jinnah Antarctic Station The Jinnah Antarctic Station (, or JAS) is an Antarctic scientific research station operated by the Pakistan Antarctic Programme. It is located in the vicinity of the Sør Rondane Mountains, Queen Maud Land, in Eastern Antarctica. Pakistan signed the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) in 1991. The programme was launched by the National Institute of Oceanography, with the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The program was led by the Pakistan Navy, as it had provided the logistical support for the programme. In 1991, the Jinnah Antarctic Station was established. Pakistan maintains one summer", "title": "Jinnah Antarctic Station" }, { "id": "10219288", "text": "the Neanderthals. Since then, many indigenous populations have inhabited the region, which continues to this day. Since the early 1900s, when Vilhjalmur Stefansson led the first major Canadian Arctic Expedition, the Arctic has been a valued area for ecological research. In 1946, The Arctic Research Laboratory was established in Point Barrow, Alaska under the contract of the Office of Naval Research. This launched an interest in exploring the Arctic examining animal cycles, permafrost and the interactions between indigenous peoples and the Arctic ecology. During the Cold War, the Arctic became a place where the United States, Canada, and the Soviet", "title": "Arctic ecology" }, { "id": "10071117", "text": "chemicals and gas cylinders deposited since the late 1950s. The plan was subsequently carried out over a period of years for the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions by a series of detachments from the squadron. The Coldest Place on Earth (1969), written by Robert Thompson who led the September 1962 Wilkes-Vostock Traverse, returning to Wilkes in January 1963. Wilkes Station Wilkes Station was an Antarctic research station established 29 January 1957 by the United States as one of seven U.S. stations established for the International Geophysical Year (IGY) program in Antarctica. It was taken over by Australia on 7 February", "title": "Wilkes Station" }, { "id": "4207977", "text": "accomplished the mission of geomorphologic mapping of Schirmacher Oasis. Located beside Larsmann Hill at 69°S, 76°E, Bharati is established in 2015. This newest research station for oceanographic research will collect evidence of continental breakup to reveal the 120-million-year-old ancient history of the Indian subcontinent. In news sources this station was variously spelled \"Bharathi\", \"Bharti\" and \"Bharati\". Lieutenant Ram Charan, an Indian Navy meteorologist, was the first Indian to visit the Antarctica, in the South Pole, when he accompanied an Australian polar expedition in 1960. He died in a road accident in 1961. Indian Antarctic Program The Indian Antarctic Program is", "title": "Indian Antarctic Program" }, { "id": "14092923", "text": "to penetrate the Arctic Circle can be traced to ancient Greece and the sailor Pytheas, a contemporary of Aristotle and Alexander the Great, who, in c. 325 BC, attempted to find the source of the tin that would sporadically reach the Greek colony of Massilia (now Marseille) on the Mediterranean coast. Sailing past the Pillars of Hercules, he reached Brittany and then Cornwall, eventually circumnavigating the British Isles. From the local population, he heard news of the mysterious land of Thule, even farther to the north. After six days of sailing, he reached land at the edge of a frozen", "title": "Arctic exploration" }, { "id": "7082576", "text": "and nearby islands varies from approximately 4,000 during the summer season to 1,000 during winter (June). In addition to these permanent stations, approximately 30 field camps are established each summer to support specific projects. During the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration in the late 19th century, the first bases on the continent were established. In 1898, Carsten Borchgrevink, a Norwegian/British explorer, led the British Antarctic Expedition to Cape Adare, where he established the first Antarctic base on Ridley Beach. The expedition is often referred to now as the 'Southern Cross' Expedition, after their ship's name. Most of the staff were", "title": "Research stations in Antarctica" }, { "id": "15117788", "text": "has been deployed in the Kongsfjorden fjord of the Arctic, roughly halfway between Norway and the North Pole is named \"IndARC\" Himadri Station The Himadri's functions include long term monitoring of the fjord (Kongsfjorden) dynamics, and atmospheric research. The primary goals of India's research includes research on aerosol radiation, space weather, food-web dynamics, microbial communities, glaciers, sedimentology, and carbon recycling. The research base has devoted time for the research of governance and policy of the Arctic. India has prioritised research and study in the fields of genetics, glaciology, geology, pollution in the atmosphere, and space weather among other fields. In", "title": "Himadri Station" }, { "id": "15586269", "text": "Bharati (research station) Bharati (Hindi: भारती) is an Antarctic research station commissioned by India. It is India's third Antarctic research facility and one of two active Indian research stations, alongside Maitri. India's first committed research facility, Dakshin Gangotri, is being used as a supply base. India has demarcated an area beside Larsemann Hills at 69°S, 76°E for construction. The research station has been operational since 18 March 2012, though it is still being run on trial basis and formal launch is awaited. Since its completion, India has become one of nine nations to have multiple stations within the Antarctic Circle.", "title": "Bharati (research station)" }, { "id": "14770376", "text": "in 2008. He traveled aboard the Chinese icebreaker, Xuelong (\"Snow Dragon\"), then reported from China's east Antarctic research station, Antarctic Zhongshan Station. The expedition team sent by the CAA was also entrusted with starting construction of the Antarctic Kunlun Station, China's third Antarctic station. \"Xuelong\", China's only polar research icebreaker was purchased in 1993 from Ukraine, and has made 24 research expeditions to the Antarctic and three to the Arctic. In 2009, the CAA began planning for a Chinese-built icebreaker due to China's expanding polar exploration activities. The ship, named , was laid down in 2016 and is expected to", "title": "Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration" }, { "id": "11252017", "text": "the weight of the ice itself). Fifty years after the first IPY, in 1932 to 1933, a second IPY was organized. This one was larger than the first, with 94 meteorological stations, but World War II delayed or prevented the publication of much of the data collected during it. Another significant moment in Arctic observing before World War II occurred in 1937 when the USSR established the first of over 30 North-Pole drifting stations. This station, like the later ones, was established on a thick ice floe and drifted for almost a year, its crew observing the atmosphere and ocean", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "19955660", "text": "the Pechora Sea off Russia, operated by the Russian company Gazprom; it began production in late 2013. Russia jailed 30 Greenpeace activists protesting the platform and seized their ship. The largest Arctic platform in the Arctic is Goliat in the Barents Sea off Norway, co-owned by Eni Norge AS and Statoil; it began production in 2015. Royal Dutch Shell had $7 billion project to extract oil from the Chukchi Sea off Alaska, \"Polar Pioneer\", but abandoned the project in 2015 after determining that it was \"not sufficient to warrant further exploration\". Contributing to these decision was the record-low price of", "title": "Arctic resources race" }, { "id": "11252019", "text": "continuously, with 30 stations in the Arctic from 1950 to 1991. These stations collected data that are valuable to this day for understanding the climate of the Arctic Basin. shows the location of Arctic research facilities during the mid-1970s and the tracks of drifting stations between 1958 and 1975. Another benefit from the Cold War was the acquisition of observations from United States and Soviet naval voyages into the Arctic. In 1958 an American nuclear submarine, the \"Nautilus\" was the first ship to reach the North Pole. In the decades that followed submarines regularly roamed under the Arctic sea ice,", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "3051855", "text": "Palmer Station The Palmer Station is a United States research station in Antarctica located on Anvers Island, the only US station located north of the Antarctic Circle. Initial construction of the station finished in 1968. The station, like the other U.S. Antarctic stations, is operated by the United States Antarctic Program (USAP) of the National Science Foundation. The base is only about as distant from the equator as Fairbanks, Alaska. The station is named for Nathaniel B. Palmer, usually recognized as the first American to see Antarctica. The maximum population that Palmer Station can accommodate is 46 people. The normal", "title": "Palmer Station" }, { "id": "3373885", "text": "Maitri Maitri is India's second permanent research station in Antarctica as part of the Indian Antarctic Programme. The name was suggested by the then PM Mrs Indira Gandhi who was assassinated a month before the expedition left the shores of India on 03 Dec 1984. Work on the station was first started by the Indian Expedition which landed there in end Dec 1984, the team was led by DR BB Bhattacharya. Sqn Ldr DP Joshi, the surgeon of the team, was the first camp commander of the tentage at camp Maitri. The first huts were started by the IV Antarctica", "title": "Maitri" }, { "id": "3373887", "text": "located away, operated by Antarctic Logistics Centre International (ALCI) serves the station and Novolazarevskaya. Maitri Maitri is India's second permanent research station in Antarctica as part of the Indian Antarctic Programme. The name was suggested by the then PM Mrs Indira Gandhi who was assassinated a month before the expedition left the shores of India on 03 Dec 1984. Work on the station was first started by the Indian Expedition which landed there in end Dec 1984, the team was led by DR BB Bhattacharya. Sqn Ldr DP Joshi, the surgeon of the team, was the first camp commander of", "title": "Maitri" }, { "id": "13728999", "text": "North Pole-36 North Pole-36 (\"\") was the 36th Russian manned drifting station, primarily used for arctic research from September 2008 until August 2009. The station was opened on September 7, 2008. The primary objective of the station was to improve the quality of weather forecasts and to study global processes of climate change. Work was carried out on environment monitoring, and research in the fields of meteorology, oceanology, glaciology, and aerology was carried out. The expedition consisted of 18 polar explorers, several dogs, and more than 150 tons of cargo. The station-master was Jury Katraev. NP-36 station settled down on", "title": "North Pole-36" }, { "id": "17673593", "text": "are conducted through INSTAAR, including the Niwot Ridge and McMurdo Dry Valleys sites of the Long Term Ecological Research Network and the Boulder Creek site of the Critical Zone Observatory. INSTAAR operates the Mountain Research Station, a field research facility near Niwot, Colorado. The institute publishes \"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research,\" a peer-reviewed journal. It hosts the International Arctic Workshop in alternate years. Inaugurated in 1951, INSTAAR is the oldest research institute at the University of Colorado. Its origins extend back further, to CU's mountain camps and labs of the early 20th century Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research The", "title": "Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research" }, { "id": "9248385", "text": "Schmidt, Rudolf Samoylovich, Vladimir Vize, Nikolai Zubov, Pyotr Shirshov, Nikolai Urvantsev, and Yakov Gakkel have all made their valuable contributions to the work of the AARI. Throughout its history, the AARI has organized more than a thousand Arctic expeditions, including dozens of high-latitude aerial expeditions, which transported 34(?) manned drifting ice stations \"Severniy Polyus\" (\"Северный полюс\", or North Pole) to Central Arctic. The AARI was founded on 3 March 1920 as the Northern Research and Trade Expedition (Северная научно-промысловая экспедиция) under the Scientific and Technical Department of the All-Union Council of State Economy. In 1925, the expedition was reorganized into", "title": "Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute" }, { "id": "14092922", "text": "Arctic exploration Arctic exploration is the physical exploration of the Arctic region of the Earth. It refers to the historical period during which mankind has explored the region north of the Arctic Circle. Historical records suggest that humankind have explored the northern extremes since 325 BC, when the ancient Greek sailor Pytheas reached a frozen sea while attempting to find a source of the metal tin. Dangerous oceans and poor weather conditions often fetter explorers attempting to reach polar regions and journeying through these perils by sight, boat, and foot has proven difficult. Some scholars believe that the first attempts", "title": "Arctic exploration" }, { "id": "10071113", "text": "Wilkes Station Wilkes Station was an Antarctic research station established 29 January 1957 by the United States as one of seven U.S. stations established for the International Geophysical Year (IGY) program in Antarctica. It was taken over by Australia on 7 February 1959. Navy personnel from the United States constructed the main part of Wilkes in a period of 16 days in January and February 1957, unloading 11,000 tons of material and supplies. It took a crew of over 100 to erect the station which housed 24 naval personnel and scientists for the next 18 months. As this was the", "title": "Wilkes Station" }, { "id": "12562452", "text": "As U.S. Navy was still eager to continue Arctic based operations, the Arctic Research Laboratory planned to install a new station to replace the former station CHARLIE. However, this intention was balked at the costs required to charter a C-47 for the installation. Instead, following September an icebreaker USS Burton Island (AGB-1) was employed to transport the equipment, and the Arctic Research Laboratory Ice Station I (known as ARLIS I) was constructed in under 40 hours. Although ARLIS I was designed to support eight scientists and four technical personnel, the station never achieved a full potential. As the iceberg drifted", "title": "Fletcher's Ice Island" }, { "id": "19997698", "text": "Antarctica. The base and all its equipment have since not been utilized, even though the British Antarctic Survey developed Base E in the vicinity of East Base. The British also occupied and modified the East Base during the construction of Base E. As of 2017, the base is frequented by tourists arriving on the continent. East Base East Base on Stonington Island is the oldest American research station in Antarctica, having been commissioned by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939. The station was built as part of two US wintering expeditions – United States Antarctic Service Expedition (1939–1941) and Ronne Antarctic", "title": "East Base" }, { "id": "4011751", "text": "the German polar explorer Carl Koldewey and part of the French-German Arctic Research \"AWIPEV\" Arctic in Ny-Ålesund on Svalbard. The Kohnen Station was established in 2001 as logistical base for ice core drilling in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica at The Samoylov Station at lays within the Lena Delta close to the Laptev Sea. The station was set up as a logistic base for permafrost studies by the \"Lena Delta Reserve\" (LDR) and the AWI. Altogether there are six ships that belong to AWI. The AWI flagship is Germany's research icebreaker RV \"Polarstern\". The ship was commissioned in 1982. The double-hulled", "title": "Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research" }, { "id": "14092925", "text": "when sailing from Norway to the Faroe Islands. This quickly led to a wave of colonization. Not all the settlers were successful however in the attempts to reach the island. In the 10th century, Gunnbjörn Ulfsson got lost in a storm and ended up within sight of the Greenland coast. His report spurred Erik the Red, an outlawed chieftain, to establish a settlement there in 985. While they flourished initially, these settlements eventually foundered due to changing climatic conditions (see Little Ice Age). They are believed to have survived until around 1450. Greenland's early settlers sailed westward, in search of", "title": "Arctic exploration" }, { "id": "3842224", "text": "the Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Territories, and remained so after the 1999 division of the Northwest Territories. In 1982 a division plebiscite was held. Although about 80% of the population then living in what is now Nunavut voted in favour of division, Cambridge Bay was one of only two communities to vote against division. Kugluktuk, then called Coppermine, was the other. Cambridge Bay will be the location of the Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS) as announced by Prime Minister Stephen Harper on 24 August 2010. This multidisciplinary station will operate year-round and is a keystone of Canada's Northern Strategy. Its", "title": "Cambridge Bay" }, { "id": "18552317", "text": "promotes informed action on climate change, and the development of a sustainable society. During the 2004-2005 and 2008-2009 BELARE Campaigns, the International Polar Foundation builds the first ever \"Zero Emission\" Antarctic research station: Princess Elisabeth Antarctica. The project is initiated by Alain Hubert and is funded by private partners and the Belgian government. Alain Hubert Alain Hubert (born September 11, 1953) is a Belgian explorer. He is a certified mountain and polar guide, a civil engineer, the President of the Board and one of the founders of the International Polar Foundation. He is the founder and president of the International", "title": "Alain Hubert" }, { "id": "12369001", "text": "days. On 6 September 2007 Belgian-based International Polar Foundation unveiled the Princess Elisabeth station, the world's first zero-emissions polar science station in Antarctica to research climate change. Costing $16.3 million, the prefabricated station, which is part of the International Polar Year, was shipped to the South Pole from Belgium by the end of 2008 to monitor the health of the polar regions. Belgian polar explorer Alain Hubert stated: \"This base will be the first of its kind to produce zero emissions, making it a unique model of how energy should be used in the Antarctic.\" Johan Berte is the leader", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "id": "14092934", "text": "initially economic, and was first put forward by Russian diplomat Dmitry Gerasimov in 1525. The entire route lies in Arctic waters and parts are only totally free of ice for about two months per year, making it a very perilous journey. In the mid-16th century, John Cabot's son Sebastian helped organize just such an expedition, led by Sir Hugh Willoughby and Richard Chancellor. Willoughby's crew was shipwrecked off the Kola Peninsula, where they eventually died of scurvy. Chancellor and his crew made it to the mouth of the Dvina River and the town of Arkhangelsk, where they were met by", "title": "Arctic exploration" }, { "id": "18041493", "text": "with the shelf ice at about 200 meters per year towards the open sea. After almost ten years of work on the project, beginning in October 1999, including conception, environmental impact assessment, planning and construction phases, regular operation of the station began on 20 February 2009. The station replaces the Neumayer-Station II and the Georg-von-Neumayer-Station that preceded it. The expected lifespan of the station is 25 to 30 years and the entire project is estimated to cost €39 million. Maitri station succeeded Dakshin Gangotri station in 1989, India's first Antarctic base. Maitri's research focus on geology, and the study of", "title": "Research stations in Queen Maud Land" }, { "id": "12014901", "text": "Polar explorers from the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven and from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in Saint Petersburg disposed of 1016 tons of scrap metal and refuse from the former GDR polar station and the Russian Novolazarevskaya Station. The site of the former station is marked by a bronze plaque. It has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 87), following a proposal by Germany to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. In 1981, India launched the Indian Antarctic Programme. In 1983, the Dakshin Gangotri Station was set up on the shelf ice,", "title": "Schirmacher Oasis" }, { "id": "16820191", "text": "internal waters. China joined the International Arctic Science Committee in 1996. China joined the Svalbard Treaty in 1925, and the Polar Research Institute of China established its Arctic Yellow River Station on Svalbard in 2003. China spends about as much as South Korea on Arctic research (much more than the United States). In August 2012, \"Xuě Lóng\" became the first Chinese vessel to traverse the Northeast Passage. A second Chinese icebreaker is slated for launch in 2014. FU.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Staff Research Report is a dead link. Arctic policy of China Arctic Policy of China is China's", "title": "Arctic policy of China" }, { "id": "849020", "text": "radio science and technology. 27 observation stations were established in the Arctic, a vast amount of data was collected and a world data center was created under the organization that eventually came to be called the World Meteorological Organization. Due to the global financial crisis (“The Great Depression”) at the time, the plan of erecting a network of stations in Antarctica had to be abandoned. See International Geophysical Year The fourth IPY (2007–2008) was sponsored by the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), an interdisciplinary body of ICSU", "title": "International Polar Year" }, { "id": "11252012", "text": "a millennium ago, and small numbers of people have been living along the Arctic coast for much longer, scientific knowledge about the region was slow to develop; the large islands of Severnaya Zemlya, just north of the Taymyr Peninsula on the Russian mainland, were not discovered until 1913, and not mapped until the early 1930s Much of the historical exploration of the Arctic was motivated by the search for the Northwest and Northeast Passages. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century expeditions were largely driven by traders in search of these shortcuts between the Atlantic and the Pacific. These forays into the Arctic did", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "9232609", "text": "people were drifting at \"NP\" stations. There are two groups of \"NP\" stations: All \"NP\" stations are organized by the Russian (former Soviet) Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI). An idea to use the drift ice for the exploration of nature in the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean belongs to Fridtjof Nansen, who fulfilled it on \"Fram\" between 1893 and 1896. The first stations to use drift ice as means of scientific exploration of the Arctic originated in the Soviet Union in 1937, when the first such station in the world, North Pole-1, started operations. North Pole-1 was established", "title": "Drifting ice station" }, { "id": "2870173", "text": "In 2012, the contract was won by Nasittuq, a subsidiary of ATCO. In 1975, technicians employed by the weather station began collecting flask samples for a greenhouse gas monitoring program. In 1980, this grew to include the weekly collection of filter-based aerosol samples for the Canadian Arctic Aerosol Sampling Network (CAASN). By 1984, the number of ongoing monitoring programs and the amount of experimental research had outgrown the abilities of the weather station to maintain, and plans were made for the construction of a permanent observatory. This observatory, located southwest of Lancaster Hall (more commonly known as the far transmitter", "title": "Alert, Nunavut" }, { "id": "15117785", "text": "Himadri Station The Himadri's functions include long term monitoring of the fjord (Kongsfjorden) dynamics, and atmospheric research. The primary goals of India's research includes research on aerosol radiation, space weather, food-web dynamics, microbial communities, glaciers, sedimentology, and carbon recycling. The research base has devoted time for the research of governance and policy of the Arctic. India has prioritised research and study in the fields of genetics, glaciology, geology, pollution in the atmosphere, and space weather among other fields. In 2012–2013, a total of 25 scientists visited the base which was staffed for 185 days to carry out studies under 10", "title": "Himadri Station" }, { "id": "10219312", "text": "region. Evidence has been found of early humans in the early Würm-Weichsel period hunting large Arctic mammals in the Ice Age steppes of northern Europe. However, it is still unclear whether these humans were just temporary migrants or inhabitants of Arctic colonies at the time. The earliest inhabitants of the polar regions were the Neanderthals, or \"Homo neanderthalensis\", who are considered to be an intermediate stage between \"Homo erectus\" and \"Homo sapiens sapiens\". The Neandertalers made advances in the basic production of stone, bone antler and flint tools, which archaeologists call a Mousterian industry. About 40,000 years ago, the Neandertalers", "title": "Arctic ecology" }, { "id": "4014461", "text": "Arctic Winter Games The Arctic Winter Games is an international biennial celebration of circumpolar sports and Indigenous culture. The Arctic Winter Games were founded in 1969 under the leadership of Governor Walter J. Hickel of Alaska, Stuart M. Hodgson, Commissioner of the Northwest Territories, and Yukon Commissioner James Smith. The idea to \"provide a forum where athletes from the \"circumpolar North\" could compete on their own terms, on their own turf\" came from Cal Miller, an advisor with the Yukon team at the 1967 Canada Winter Games. In 1970 in Yellowknife, Canada, 500 athletes, trainers and officials came together for", "title": "Arctic Winter Games" }, { "id": "2219139", "text": "installed in eight modules, which provides fully serviced accommodation for 32 people. The first sections were shipped to Antarctica in December 2007. It was assembled next to Halley V, then dragged one-by-one 15 km and reconnected. Halley VI Station was officially opened in Antarctica on 5 February 2013. Kirk Watson, a filmmaker from Scotland, recorded the building of the station over a four-year period for a short film. A description of the engineering challenges and the creation of the consortium was provided by Adam Rutherford to coincide with an exhibition in Glasgow. A focus of the new architecture was the", "title": "Halley Research Station" }, { "id": "2219133", "text": "Halley Research Station Halley Research Station is a research facility in Antarctica on the Brunt Ice Shelf operated by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). The base was established in 1956 to study the Earth's atmosphere. Measurements from Halley led to the discovery of the ozone hole in 1985. The current base is the sixth in a line of designs to overcome the challenges of building on a floating ice shelf where they become buried and crushed by snow. Despite moving the buildings 23km \"inland\", concern over the propagation of an ice crack resulted in the base being left unmanned for", "title": "Halley Research Station" }, { "id": "848877", "text": "of Antarctic science. The International Council of Scientific Unions, a parent body, broadened the proposals from polar studies to geophysical research. More than 70 existing national scientific organizations then formed IGY committees, and participated in the cooperative effort. Halley Research Station was founded in 1956, for the IGY, by an expedition from the Royal Society. The bay where the expedition set up their base was named Halley Bay, after the astronomer Edmond Halley. In Japan, the Antarctic exploration was planned in 1955 by Monbushō and Science and technology Agency. Japan Maritime Safety Agency offered ice breaker Sōya as the South", "title": "International Geophysical Year" }, { "id": "15441815", "text": "by ARCTEC, a subsidiary of Arctic Slope Regional Corporation. Indian Mountain AFS was a continental defence radar station constructed to provide the United States Air Force early warning of an attack by the Soviet Union on Alaska. It was one of the 10 original AC&W surveillance stations constructed as part of the establishment of a permanent air defense system in Alaska during the early 1950s. Construction of the station, began in September 1950 and was completed in November 1953. The Army Corps of Engineers undertook the project. The location of the station made construction a challenge. Military engineer construction personnel", "title": "Indian Mountain Air Force Station" }, { "id": "11252018", "text": "along the way. Following World War II, the Arctic, lying between the USSR and North America, became a front line of the Cold War, inadvertently and significantly furthering our understanding of its climate. Between 1947 and 1957, the United States and Canadian governments established a chain of stations along the Arctic coast known as the Distant Early Warning Line (DEWLINE) to provide warning of a Soviet nuclear attack. Many of these stations also collected meteorological data. The Soviet Union was also interested in the Arctic and established a significant presence there by continuing the North-Pole drifting stations. This program operated", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "4523388", "text": "the possibility of using the site for intercepting radio signals was deemed to warrant a military presence. In 1956, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), which was expanding its presence throughout the high Arctic with the construction of the Distant Early Warning Line radar network, established a building uphill from the Department of Transport's JAWS station to house \"High Arctic Long Range Communications Research\", or signals intelligence operations. In 1957, Alert Wireless Station was conceived as an intercept facility to be jointly staffed by personnel from the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and the RCAF. Five additional buildings were constructed: a", "title": "CFS Alert" }, { "id": "14092942", "text": "previous expeditions set out with the intention of reaching the North Pole but did not succeed; that of British naval officer William Edward Parry in 1827, the tragic American Polaris expedition under Charles Francis Hall in 1871, the ill-fated Jeannette Expedition commanded by US Navy Lt Cmdr George W. DeLong in 1879, and the Norwegian Fram Expedition of Fridtjof Nansen in 1895. American Frederick Cook claimed to have reached the North Pole in 1908, but this has not been widely accepted. On May 9, 1926, Americans Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett claimed to have flown over the North Pole", "title": "Arctic exploration" }, { "id": "12884869", "text": "research station and one weather observatory in the vicinity of the Sør Rondane Mountains. The facilities were quickly expanded by the NIO. Government advisors belonging to the Ministry of Science and Technology frequently visited the area. Pakistani naval engineers and scientists oversaw the development of the base. By 1994 it was a comfortable, technologically advanced operational base. In 2001, the data operational system was linked to the Badr-B satellite, beginning regular transmission of digital imagery of the region to NIO headquarters in Karachi. In 2002, SUPARCO scientists visited the base, where they set up and installed an advanced, supercomputer-equipped facility,", "title": "Jinnah Antarctic Station" }, { "id": "19765417", "text": "Hugh Broughton (architect) Hugh Giles Keyworth Broughton (born February 1965 in Worcester) is an English architect and one of the world's leading designers of polar research facilities. His practice, Hugh Broughton Architects, was founded in 1995 and is based in London, works internationally. The practice has won several high profile international design competitions, including Halley VI Research Station, Juan Carlos 1 Spanish Antarctic Base, the Atmospheric Watch Observatory in Greenland for the US National Science Foundation and a new health facility on Tristan da Cunha, the world's most remote inhabited island. The practice has received numerous international awards including a", "title": "Hugh Broughton (architect)" }, { "id": "6173573", "text": "Russia (at that time Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), Sweden and the United States of America. The Founding Articles of IASC were signed in Resolute Bay, Canada Over the years, IASC has evolved into the leading international science organization of the North and its membership today includes 23 countries involved in all aspects of Arctic research, including 15 non-Arctic countries (Austria, China, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland and the UK). In the context of its 25th anniversary in 2015, IASC published a comprehensive history spanning the first planning meetings", "title": "International Arctic Science Committee" }, { "id": "7082575", "text": "Research stations in Antarctica A number of governments have set up permanent research stations in Antarctica and these bases are widely distributed. Unlike the drifting ice stations set up in the Arctic, the research stations of the Antarctic are constructed either on rock or on ice that is (for practical purposes) fixed in place. Many of the stations are staffed around the year. A total of 40 countries (as of October 2006), all signatories to the Antarctic Treaty, operate seasonal (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent. The population of people performing and supporting scientific research on the continent", "title": "Research stations in Antarctica" }, { "id": "14900448", "text": "Kohnen Station Kohnen-Station is a German summer-only polar research station in the Antarctic, able to accommodate up to 20 people. It is named after the geophysicist Heinz Kohnen (1938–1997), who was for a long time the head of logistics at the Alfred Wegener Institute. The station opened on January 11, 2001, in Dronning Maud Land. The station is located at 75°00'S, 00°04'E, and 2892 m above sea level. It is located 757 km southeast of Neumayer-Station III, which lies on the Ekstrom Ice Shelf and provides logistics and administration for Kohnen-Station. Like the United Kingdom's Halley V station, the base", "title": "Kohnen Station" }, { "id": "10151921", "text": "from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. IARC serves as a focal point of excellence for international collaboration and provides the Arctic research community with an unprecedented opportunity to share knowledge about science in the Arctic, with an emphasis on global change research. The primary mission of the IARC is to nurture, integrate and synthesize research being conducted internationally by individuals and groups in order to identify natural and man-made changes. More than 20 international groups and more than 60 scientists are collaborating with IARC, allowing the institute to meet the UAF mission", "title": "Applied Physics Laboratory Ice Station" }, { "id": "12563109", "text": "a trapper's hut at the site of present Zackenberg research station area 1000 km farther south. Brønlundhus was the first station in Greenland with all equipment transported by airlift. The seaplanes could land in the fjord only during the ice-free period from mid-July to end of August. Brønlundhus was used as a base for the first expedition 1948–50 when Peary Land was explored by scientists on dog sled. Until the establishment of Alert in Canada in 1950, Brønlundhus was the northernmost station in the world, not counting historical depot huts of polar explorers including Peary's Cape Columbia Depot. From 1963", "title": "Brønlundhus" }, { "id": "17480976", "text": "Arctic Circle (organization) The Arctic Circle is an organization founded by former President of Iceland Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, former Alaska Dispatch Publisher Alice Rogoff, former Premier of Greenland Kuupik Kleist and other partners. The organization's mission is to facilitate dialogue among political and business leaders, environmental experts, scientists, indigenous representatives, and other international stakeholders to address issues facing the Arctic as a result of climate change and melting sea ice. The Arctic Circle styles itself as an international organization with a Secretariat based in Reykjavik, Iceland. At his introduction of the Arctic Circle organization on April 15, 2013, at the", "title": "Arctic Circle (organization)" }, { "id": "11252015", "text": "to establish twelve observing stations around the Arctic. The observations were not as widespread or long-lasting as would be needed to describe the climate in detail, but they provided the first cohesive look at the Arctic weather. In 1884 the wreckage of the \"Jeanette\", a ship abandoned three years earlier off Russia's eastern Arctic coast, was found on the coast of Greenland. This caused Fridtjof Nansen to realize that the sea ice was moving from the Siberian side of the Arctic to the Atlantic side. He decided to use this motion by freezing a specially designed ship, the \"Fram\", into", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "14092947", "text": "and over (starting from Sredniy Island, Severnaya Zemlya) drove two Russian built cars \"Yemelya-1\" and \"Yemelya-2\" to the North Pole. Arctic exploration Arctic exploration is the physical exploration of the Arctic region of the Earth. It refers to the historical period during which mankind has explored the region north of the Arctic Circle. Historical records suggest that humankind have explored the northern extremes since 325 BC, when the ancient Greek sailor Pytheas reached a frozen sea while attempting to find a source of the metal tin. Dangerous oceans and poor weather conditions often fetter explorers attempting to reach polar regions", "title": "Arctic exploration" }, { "id": "10151922", "text": "and goals in a concrete way. IARC is devoting specific effort to answering the following three questions: (1) Is climate change due to natural or man-made causes? (2) What parameters, processes and interactions are needed to understand and predict future climate change? and (3) What are the likely impacts of climate change? Applied Physics Laboratory Ice Station The Applied Physics Laboratory Ice Station 2007 (APLIS07) is a U.S.A. and Japanese laboratory dedicated to the study of global climate change, located about 300 km south of the Arctic Circle, Alaska on the West Ridge of the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus.", "title": "Applied Physics Laboratory Ice Station" }, { "id": "20906469", "text": "Motivated by repeated losses of such boats, beginning in 1941, and under direction of Hans-Robert Knoespel, the erection of meteorological stations on land was planned and executed. The first such station around the Arctic Ocean, \"Knospe\", was established in the northwest of the main island of the Svalbard archipelago in October 1941. To prepare members of the meteorological mission for the conditions in the deployment area, the Kriegsmarine's weather department was training candidates in a camp named Goldhöhe (Czech: \"Zlaté návrší\") in the Krkonoše (German: \"Riesengebirge\") mountain range in Silesia. As there were hardly any more alpine- or arctic-experienced personnel", "title": "Schatzgräber (weather station)" }, { "id": "10889681", "text": "ECARE The Estación Científica Antártica Ruperto Elichiribehety (English: Ruperto Elichiribehety Antarctic Scientific Station; better known in English by its Spanish acronym ECARE) is an Uruguay summer research station in Antarctica, established by the Uruguayan Antarctic Institute on December 22, 1997 on the Antarctic Peninsula. ECARE is located in Hut Cove, southeast of Hope Bay in the northeastern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, next to the Argentinian Esperanza Base. The Station can accommodate seven people, and it is dedicated to support scientific projects in the surrounding area. It was formerly the British Station D, known as Trinity House. The station is", "title": "ECARE" }, { "id": "11802407", "text": "inland, such as to the Kunlun Station at Dome A. According to \"The Age\" in January 2010 the station was visited by a delegation that included Xu Shaoshi, China's Minister for Land and Resources and the director of the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration, Qu Tanzhou. It is about 15 km from the Indian research station Bharati. Zhongshan Station (Antarctica) Zhongshan Station () is the second Chinese research station in Antarctica and was opened on February 26, 1989. It is managed by the Polar Research Institute of China (PRIC). It is located in the Larsemann Hills by Prydz Bay in", "title": "Zhongshan Station (Antarctica)" }, { "id": "12562449", "text": "aircraft to T-3, and several research stations were installed on the iceberg's flat surface. The stations were abandoned in May 1954, when the weather observations were deemed redundant, but were reoccupied from April to September 1955. In April 1957, the station \"ALPHA\" was installed on the iceberg, which was the first long-term scientific base in the Arctic operated by a Western country. However, at the time of its establishment, the Soviets had already operated six drifting iceberg stations of this kind. In April 1958, several large crackings were observed around the ALPHA, and the station was forced to relocate itself", "title": "Fletcher's Ice Island" }, { "id": "12562450", "text": "2 km away from its original location. In August 1958, after the US Submarine made a visit to the station ALPHA, the surrounding ice ground began cracking and ridging again, so the station was finally abandoned in November 1958. However, the U.S. Department of Defense still had interest in continuing research in the Arctic. In April 1959, another scientific station named \"CHARLIE\" (also named as ALPHA II) was established by the Alaska Air Command with assistance from the Navy's Arctic Research Laboratory. Scientific research activity was conducted from June 1959 to January 1960. When the ice floe cracked and shortened", "title": "Fletcher's Ice Island" }, { "id": "849017", "text": "operated 12 stations in the Arctic and two in the sub-Antarctic. Six additional meteorological stations were organized by Neumayer at Moravian mission stations on the east coast of Labrador. Observations focused on meteorology, geomagnetism, auroral phenomena, ocean currents, tides, structure and the motion of ice and atmospheric electricity. More than 40 meteorological observatories around the world expanded the IPY programs of observations for this period. Data and images from the first IPY have very recently been made available for browsing and downloading on the internet. These records of the first IPY offer a rare glimpse of the circumpolar Arctic environment", "title": "International Polar Year" }, { "id": "4542944", "text": "Station Nord, Greenland Station Nord is a military and scientific station in northeastern Greenland 1700 km north of the Arctic Circle at 81°43'N, 17°47'W. ICAO: BGNO. It is about from the geographic North Pole, on Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø (Princess Ingeborg Peninsula) in northern Kronprins Christian Land, making it the second northernmost permanent settlement and base of the Northeast Greenland National Park and of Greenland as a whole (two stations in Peary Land further north, Brønlundhus and Kap Harald Moltke, are not permanently occupied). The Danish Defense Command base is staffed by five Danish non-commissioned officers on a 26-month tour of", "title": "Station Nord, Greenland" }, { "id": "10219308", "text": "brought a decrease in the desire to protect the Arctic as it was seen to lack a significant amount of biodiversity. This allowed for scientists to extend further research in the area. In June 1960, the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) was constructed, headed by General Duncan Hallock and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The two predecessor organizations that made up the CRREL were the Arctic Construction and Frost Effects Laboratory (ACFEL), and the Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment (SIPRE). The goal of the CREEL laboratory was to bring together the ACFEL and SIPRE to expand", "title": "Arctic ecology" }, { "id": "16864043", "text": "Tromsø Satellite Station Tromsø Satellite Station (, TSS), until 1988 known as Tromsø Telemetry Station (), is a satellite earth station located in Tromsø, Norway. The facility is owned by Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT), a joint venture between the Kongsberg Group and the Norwegian Space Centre (NSC). In addition to hosting its own antennas serving thirty satellites, TSS acts as the center-point of KSAT's operations and provides backbone services for the high Arctic Svalbard Satellite Station (SvalSat) and the Antarctic Troll Satellite Station (TrollSat). Originally proposed in 1965, the station was established by the Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and", "title": "Tromsø Satellite Station" }, { "id": "14092926", "text": "better pasturage and hunting grounds. Modern scholars debate the precise location of the new lands of Vinland, Markland, and Helluland that they discovered. The Scandinavian peoples also pushed farther north into their own peninsula by land and by sea. As early as 880, the Viking Ohthere of Hålogaland rounded the Scandinavian Peninsula and sailed to the Kola Peninsula and the White Sea. The Pechenga Monastery on the north of Kola Peninsula was founded by Russian monks in 1533; from their base at Kola, the Pomors explored the Barents Region, Spitsbergen, and Novaya Zemlya—all of which are in the Arctic Circle.", "title": "Arctic exploration" }, { "id": "11252021", "text": "a glimpse of climate through the last ice age. This record was lengthened in the early 1990s when two deeper cores were taken from near the center of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Beginning in 1979 the Arctic Ocean Buoy Program (the International Arctic Buoy Program since 1991) has been collecting meteorological and ice-drift data across the Arctic Ocean with a network of 20 to 30 buoys. The end of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to a dramatic decrease in regular observations from the Arctic. The Russian government ended the system of drifting North Pole stations, and closed many of", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "15771073", "text": "Russia would \"not give up a single inch\" in the Arctic. Russia has conducted research in the Arctic for decades. The country is the only one that uses drift stations- research facilities seasonally deployed on drift ice- and also has other research stations in its Arctic zone. The first drift station, North Pole-1, was established on May 21, 1937 by the Soviet Union. Russian research has focused on the Arctic seabed, marine life, meteorology, exploration, and natural resources, among other topics. Recent research has also been focusing on studying the Lomonosov Ridge to collect evidence that could strengthen Russian territorial", "title": "Arctic policy of Russia" }, { "id": "19272553", "text": "Dirigibile Italia Arctic Station The Dirigibile Italia Arctic station (in Italian: \"Base artica Dirigibile Italia\") is an Italian research station in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway. Managed by the National Research Council of Italy (CNR), it was inaugurated in May 1997, in memory of the Airship Italia expedition of Umberto Nobile (1928). It is a 330 m² permanent research station with laboratories and offices which can host up to seven people, but it is inhabited only in case of ongoing scientific activities; the scientific studies, coordinated by the CNR Polar Network, include: \"chemistry and physics of the atmosphere, marine biology, technology research,", "title": "Dirigibile Italia Arctic Station" }, { "id": "10219302", "text": "the Arctic and wrote reports on its meteorology, zoology and geophysics. Around this time, the Arctic region was becoming a major subject of imperial science. Though permanent observatories were not yet established, traveling scientists began to gather magnetic data in the Arctic in the early nineteenth century. In June 1831, Sir James Ross and a group of Eskimos explored the Booth Peninsula in order to determine the exact location of the Magnetic North Pole. In the European Arctic, however, Scandinavian powers collected most of the scientific data as a result of early colonies established by Norsemen in Iceland and Greenland.", "title": "Arctic ecology" }, { "id": "1670302", "text": "owes its designation to nearby McMurdo Sound, named after Lieutenant Archibald McMurdo of , which first charted the area in 1841 under the command of British explorer James Clark Ross. British explorer Robert Falcon Scott first established a base close to this spot in 1902 and built Discovery Hut, still standing adjacent to the harbour at Hut Point. The volcanic rock of the site is the southernmost bare ground accessible by ship in the Antarctic. The United States officially opened its first station at McMurdo on February 16, 1956. Founders initially called the station \"Naval Air Facility McMurdo\". On November", "title": "McMurdo Station" }, { "id": "7532671", "text": "Polar Research. Law-Racoviță Station Law-Racoviță Station () is the first Romanian station for research and exploration in Antarctica, named after the Romanian explorer Emil Racoviță and inaugurated on January 13, 2006 at the location of a station constructed in 1986 by Australia and donated to Romania. The station may be found in Princess Elizabeth Land, in the Larsemann Hills, 2 kilometers away from China's Antarctic Zhongshan Station. Law-Racoviță Station is placed in a rocky area about 3 kilometers from the Ingrid Christensen coast in Princess Elizabeth Land, in the Larsemann Hills of East Antarctica, at the coordinates 69°23'18.61\" S, 76°22'46.2\"", "title": "Law-Racoviță Station" }, { "id": "12275335", "text": "group of Pakistan Marines, along with the team of scientists on board the destroyer PNS Tariq and the research vessel PNS Behr Paima. Facilities were quickly established in the region, and Jinnah Antarctic Station (JNS) was commissioned. The station houses an unmanned automatic Weather Station, from which data are transmitted to Pakistan via Argos Satellite System. In 2001, the Badr-B was connected to the Weather Station after it was launched by SUPARCO. In 2006, Pakistan established the National Institute of Oceanography's Polar Research Cell (PRC). A number of national organisations are involved in Antarctic activities and are active participants in", "title": "Pakistan Antarctic Programme" }, { "id": "12804796", "text": "North Pole-1 North Pole-1 () was the first Soviet manned drifting station in the Arctic Ocean, primarily used for research. North Pole-1 was established on 21 May 1937 and officially opened on 6 June, some from the North Pole by the expedition into the high latitudes Sever-1, led by Otto Schmidt. The expedition had been airlifted by aviation units under the command of Mark Shevelev. \"NP-1\" operated for 9 months, during which the ice floe travelled . The commander of the station was Ivan Papanin. On 19 February 1938 the Soviet ice breakers \"Taimyr\" and \"Murman\" took four polar explorers", "title": "North Pole-1" }, { "id": "4801877", "text": "presence in the islands. The operation met considerable difficulties but by the summer of 1943, the Norwegians were well established. Nazi Germany had set up a number of manned meteorological stations in the Arctic to improve weather forecasts, vital for the warfare against Allied convoys from the UK to the USSR. One of the first manned stations, \"Knospe\", was established in late 1941 in the inner part of Krossfjorden in the main island, commanded by H. R. Knoespel, following the evacuation of the Norwegian and Russian civilians that September. The Kriegsmarine decided to evacuate the \"Knospe\" weather station during the", "title": "Operation Zitronella" }, { "id": "2219147", "text": "on August 13th. Traditionally, the oldest person on base lowers the tattered flag on sundown and the youngest raises a new one on sunrise. Midwinter is a week long holiday, during which a member of the wintering team is chosen to keep the old flag. Halley Research Station Halley Research Station is a research facility in Antarctica on the Brunt Ice Shelf operated by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). The base was established in 1956 to study the Earth's atmosphere. Measurements from Halley led to the discovery of the ozone hole in 1985. The current base is the sixth in", "title": "Halley Research Station" }, { "id": "19272554", "text": "oceanography/limnology, environmental studies, human biology and medicine\". The research station runs also the Amundsen-Nobile Climate Change Tower, measuring atmospheric parameters, installed by the Kings Bay and inaugurated on 30 April 2009. Dirigibile Italia Arctic Station The Dirigibile Italia Arctic station (in Italian: \"Base artica Dirigibile Italia\") is an Italian research station in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway. Managed by the National Research Council of Italy (CNR), it was inaugurated in May 1997, in memory of the Airship Italia expedition of Umberto Nobile (1928). It is a 330 m² permanent research station with laboratories and offices which can host up to seven people,", "title": "Dirigibile Italia Arctic Station" }, { "id": "18305385", "text": "voyage was Greenland. The following season, Kista Dan was chartered to ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Expedition) to build a permanent station for Australia in the Arctic. ANARE became a regular customer with Lauritzen until 1987 when the last polar vessel Nella Dan (1961) was sunk after she went aground on Macquarie Island, situated between New Zealand and Antarctica. The ice-strengthened vessels were perfect for the Finland routes which was active until 1967. Around 1970, J. Lauritzen adopted the pool system to secure economies of scale through sharing control of a larger number of vessels with other owners. A joint venture", "title": "J. Lauritzen A/S" }, { "id": "12884870", "text": "run by the NIO and SUPARCO's scientists. In 2005, Pakistan Air Force engineers and scientists built a small airstrip, and a control room to monitor flights to and from Pakistan. In 2010, Pakistan's government approved a plan to expand the JAS facility into a permanent operational base. Communication gears were set up with the United States' Antarctic Program. In contemporary times, the JAS is frequently visited by US scientists who conduct their research with their Pakistani counterparts. Jinnah Antarctic Station The Jinnah Antarctic Station (, or JAS) is an Antarctic scientific research station operated by the Pakistan Antarctic Programme. It", "title": "Jinnah Antarctic Station" }, { "id": "474948", "text": "70° N but at the time (70 million years ago) was 10° further north. The earliest inhabitants of North America's central and eastern Arctic are referred to as the Arctic small tool tradition (AST) and existed c. 2500 BC. AST consisted of several Paleo-Eskimo cultures, including the Independence cultures and Pre-Dorset culture. The Dorset culture (Inuktitut: \"Tuniit\" or \"Tunit\") refers to the next inhabitants of central and eastern Arctic. The Dorset culture evolved because of technological and economic changes during the period of 1050–550 BC. With the exception of the Quebec/Labrador peninsula, the Dorset culture vanished around 1500 AD. Supported", "title": "Arctic" }, { "id": "4542955", "text": "snow plows. Nord features a very cold polar tundra climate with average temperatures just a few degrees above freezing in the midst of the short summer. Station Nord, Greenland Station Nord is a military and scientific station in northeastern Greenland 1700 km north of the Arctic Circle at 81°43'N, 17°47'W. ICAO: BGNO. It is about from the geographic North Pole, on Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø (Princess Ingeborg Peninsula) in northern Kronprins Christian Land, making it the second northernmost permanent settlement and base of the Northeast Greenland National Park and of Greenland as a whole (two stations in Peary Land further north,", "title": "Station Nord, Greenland" }, { "id": "2225256", "text": "Land) in the west, and George V Land in the east. Its total land area, mostly covered with glaciers, is estimated to be . The coast of Adélie Land was discovered in 1840 by the French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville (1790–1842) who named it after his wife, Adèle. This is the basis of the French claim to this Antarctic land. Since January 12, 1956, a manned French research base has been located year-round at , the Dumont d'Urville Station, with a winter population around 33, but this goes up to about 78 during the Antarctic summer. The first French station,", "title": "Adélie Land" }, { "id": "7161284", "text": "Mirny Station The Mirny Station (, literally \"Peaceful\") is a Russian (formerly Soviet) science station located in Queen Mary Land, Antarctica, on the Antarctic coast of the Davis Sea. The station is managed by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and was named after the support vessel \"Mirny\" captained by Mikhail Lazarev during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition, led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen on \"Vostok\". The station was opened on February 13, 1956 by the 1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition. It was originally used as main base for the Vostok Station located from the coast, this function is now served", "title": "Mirny Station" }, { "id": "2672192", "text": "Dakshin Gangotri Dakshin Gangotri was the first scientific base station of India situated in Antarctica, part of the Indian Antarctic Programme. It is located at a distance of from the South Pole. It is currently being used as a supply base and transit camp. The Dakshin Gangotri Glacier is named after the base. It was established during the third Indian expedition to Antarctica in 1983–84. This was the first time an Indian team spent a winter in Antarctica to carry out scientific works. The station was built in eight weeks by an 81-member team. Construction was completed late into January", "title": "Dakshin Gangotri" }, { "id": "12690475", "text": "Members of FARO endorsed the CEON concept specifying that CEON is to promote environmental observations in the Arctic and dissemination of these to Arctic researchers whilst encompassing and building on the strengths of existing stations and environmental observatory networks active in the Arctic. In June 2002 Tom Pyle, head of Arctic Section of the Office of Polar Programs within the National Science Foundation of the United States tasked Patrick Webber (President of the International Arctic Science Committee - IASC), and Craig Tweedie (then at Michigan State University) with scoping and developing the CEON concept. The initial development of CEON was", "title": "Circumarctic Environmental Observatories Network" }, { "id": "13098721", "text": "Aboa (research station) Aboa (from the Latin name of Turku) is a seasonal Finnish research station in Antarctica, located in Queen Maud Land, about from the coast, on a nunatak called Basen in the Vestfjella Mountains. Opened in 1988, the station was designed and built by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and funded by the Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry (now part of the Finnish Ministry of Employment and the Economy). The station is used in the Antarctic summer only. Currently the station has living and work space for expeditions of 15 people, and allows temporary living space", "title": "Aboa (research station)" }, { "id": "12844073", "text": "sea ice to the nearby Antarctic Peninsula, but the ice was dangerously unstable. When Base W was vacated, heavy sea ice prevented resupply ship Biscoe from approaching closer than , despite the assistance of two U.S. icebreakers. So the men were forced to close up the base, load sledges with only their most valuable gear and use dog teams to reach the ship. Station W was established in 1956 as a British research station primarily for survey, geology and meteorology and to contribute to the International Geophysical Year in 1957. It consists of a hut and associated structures and outbuildings,", "title": "Detaille Island" }, { "id": "17063420", "text": "Dakshin Gangotri Glacier The Dakshin Gangotri Glacier () is a small tongue of the polar continental ice sheet impinging on the Schirmacher Oasis of central Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the Second Indian Expedition to Antarctica in 1983, and named for India’s first Antarctic research station. Since then its snout, and the area around it, has been regularly monitored and it has become a valuable site for tracking the impact of global warming through changes in the movement of the Antarctic ice sheet. The site is protected under the Antarctic Treaty System as Antarctic Specially Protected Area", "title": "Dakshin Gangotri Glacier" }, { "id": "1617097", "text": "Casey Station The Casey Station, commonly called Casey, is one of three permanent bases and research outposts in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Casey lies on the northern side of the Bailey Peninsula overlooking Vincennes Bay on the Budd Coast of Wilkes Land in the Australian Antarctic Territory, a territory claimed by Australia. Casey is due south of Perth, Western Australia. Casey was named in honour of Richard, Baron Casey. Casey is close to the now-abandoned Wilkes Station, established by the United States of America to support science and exploration of Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year", "title": "Casey Station" }, { "id": "8087986", "text": "Icebird (ship) The Icebird is a cargo vessel which delivers supplies to the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) bases, principally Macquarie Island, Mawson, Casey and Davis Stations. The \"Icebird's\" maiden voyage to Antarctica began when she departed from Cape Town, South Africa in November 1984. In 1996, the vessel was renamed \"Polar Bird\". Billed by her builders as the world's first purpose-built polar resupply vessel, the \"Icebird\" was custom made for Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) by Antarktis und Spezialfahrt Schiffartsgesellschaft GmbH (GSS) in Germany. Due to the large-scale rebuilding program underway at Australia's stations, the Australian Antarctic Division needed", "title": "Icebird (ship)" }, { "id": "2219134", "text": "the winters of 2017 and 2018. Halley Bay base was founded in 1956, for the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958, by an expedition from the Royal Society. The bay where the expedition decided to set up their base was named after the astronomer Edmond Halley. Taken over by FIDS (subsequently BAS), it was designated as Base Z. The name was changed to Halley in 1977 as the original bay had disappeared because of changes in the ice shelf. In 2002, BAS realised that a calving event was possible which could destroy Halley V, so a competition was undertaken to design", "title": "Halley Research Station" }, { "id": "6185989", "text": "hare. One to two million years ago, when climates were warmer, trees such as larch, black spruce, birch, yew, and thuja grew in the northernmost Peary Land. Peary Land was historically inhabited by three separate cultures, during which times the climate was milder than presently: The area is named after Robert E. Peary, who first explored it during his expedition of 1891 to 1892. There are two Arctic research stations on Jørgen Brønlund Fjord, Brønlundhus (erected in 1948) and Kap Harald Moltke (erected in 1972). Both stations were built on initiative of Eigil Knuth, and have been the basis for", "title": "Peary Land" }, { "id": "4415455", "text": "Martin-de-Viviès Martin-de-Viviès, or La Roche Godon, formerly Camp Heurtin, is a research station and the only settlement on the Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands in the southern Indian Ocean. It lies on the north coast of Amsterdam Island and houses about thirty people. It was named after Paul de Martin de Viviès who, with ten others, spent the winter of 1949 on the island. The station was originally named Camp Heurtin and has been in operation since 1 January 1981, superseding the first station, La Roche Godon. The Global Atmosphere Watch is", "title": "Martin-de-Viviès" }, { "id": "12363176", "text": "average period and specific past years. Human habitation in the North American polar region goes back at least 50,000–17,000 years ago, during the Wisconsin glaciation. At this time, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the Bering land bridge that joined Siberia to north west North America (Alaska), leading to the Settlement of the Americas. Paleo-Eskimo groups included the Pre-Dorset (c. 3200 – 850 B.C.); the Saqqaq culture of Greenland (2500 – 800 B.C.); the Independence I and Independence II cultures of northeastern Canada and Greenland (c. 2400 – 1800 B.C. and c. 800 – 1 B.C.); the Groswater", "title": "Arctic Ocean" }, { "id": "16813151", "text": "Troll Satellite Station Troll Satellite Station (), commonly abbreviated TrollSat, is a satellite ground station located at Troll in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The earth station is owned by Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT), a joint venture between the Kongsberg Group and the Norwegian Space Center. The radomes are located on top of Jutulsessen, a nunatak area next to the research station at Troll. The research station is operated by the Norwegian Polar Institute, which also maintains the earth station. TrollSat started operations on 1 March 2007 and was officially opened on 20 January 2008. The earth station serves low Earth", "title": "Troll Satellite Station" }, { "id": "12059017", "text": "Arctic Ocean Conference The inaugural Arctic Ocean Conference was held in Ilulissat (Greenland) on 27-29 May 2008. Five sovereign states, Canada, Kingdom of Denmark, Norway, Russia and the United States, discussed key issues relating to the Arctic Ocean. The meeting was significant because of its plans for environmental regulation, maritime security, mineral exploration, polar oil oversight, and transportation. Before the conclusion of the conference, the attendees announced the Ilulissat Declaration. The conference was the first ever held at the ministerial level that included the five regional powers. It came at the invitation of Per Stig Møller, Denmark's Foreign Minister, and", "title": "Arctic Ocean Conference" } ]

[ "June 16, 2018" ]

[ { "id": "18748926", "text": "p.m. with an encore showing in their Toonami block later that night at 11:30 p.m. starting on January 7, 2017. This was later confirmed on Toonami's official Facebook page. The United States premiere of \"Dragon Ball Super\" obtained 1,063,000 viewers for its 8 p.m. showing on Adult Swim. Toonami Africa started airing Dragon Ball Super in Fall 2017 at 15:00 CAT (Central African Time) with an edited Funimation English Dub. In Australia, ABC Me started airing Dragon Ball Super on November 3, 2018, with a new episode every Saturday at 2:45 pm. Norihito Sumitomo, the composer for \"Battle of Gods\"", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748924", "text": "April 1, 2018. According to Amazon Japan, the final Blu-ray set indicated the series' end at episode 131. The series ended on March 25, 2018, with the conclusion of the \"Universe Survival Saga\". Fuji TV stated that no definite plans were made to either continue the series at a later date or discontinue it entirely. \"Dragon Ball Super\" received an English-language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India on January 21, 2017. This dub is produced by Los Angeles based Bang Zoom! Entertainment for the Asian market. A sneak preview of the English dub's first", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748932", "text": "released a week later. The first trailer was released at San Diego Comic-Con International 2018. The second trailer was released on October 4, 2018. The English version of the second trailer was released on October 5, 2018. The anime episodes are being released on Japanese Blu-ray and DVD sets that contain twelve episodes each. The first set was released on December 2, 2015. The second set was released on March 2, 2016. The third set was released on July 2, 2016. The fourth set was released on October 4, 2016. Bandai announced that a line of \"Dragon Ball Super\" toys", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748923", "text": "Yamadera and Masakazu Morita also return as Beerus and Whis, respectively. The first preview of the series aired on June 14, 2015, following episode 164 of \"Dragon Ball Z Kai\". The next day, the main promotional image for \"Dragon Ball Super\" was added to its official website and unveiled two new characters, who were later revealed to be named Champa and Vados, respectively. A thirty-second trailer including the new characters was uploaded to the series' official website on June 26, 2015. On January 19, 2018, it was revealed that \"Super\"'s timeslot will be replaced with \"GeGeGe no Kitarō\" starting on", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "11803016", "text": "on Sunday nights. \"Dragon Ball Super\" replaced \"Dragon Ball Z\"'s late night time slot from 1 January 2018 onwards. In September 2018 Cartoon Network India started to premiere new shows such as \"Unikitty\", \"OK K.O! Let's Be Heroes\", \"\" and \"Running Man\". Cartoon Network HD+ launched on April 15, 2018. It features new episodes of Cartoon Network originals like \"Adventure Time\", \"The Amazing World of Gumball\" and exclusive content. Zee TV launched a Cartoon Network programming block in 2002. The block featured programs like Scooby-Doo, , The Powerpuff Girls, Dexter's Laboratory, Pinky and the Brain, Samurai Jack, The Real Adventures", "title": "Cartoon Network (India)" }, { "id": "20397470", "text": "March 2017, when it was relaunched as . Nagayama also drew . Serialized in \"Saikyō Jump\" since August 5, 2016, its first collected volume was published on May 2, 2017 and its second on May 2, 2018. The series was relaunched as on April 6, 2018 and is serialized alongside \"Ultimate Charisma Mission!!\". In May 2018, \"V Jump\" announced a promotional anime for \"Super Dragon Ball Heroes\" that will adapt the game's Prison Planet arc. A teaser trailer for the first episode was released on June 21, 2018 and shows the new characters and , an evil Saiyan. The first", "title": "Dragon Ball Heroes" }, { "id": "20797323", "text": "The Saiyans\". A poster was released on March 13, 2018, 11 days before the airing of the final episode of \"Dragon Ball Super\", featuring an entirely new traditional animation design by Toei animator Naohiro Shintani, as opposed to veteran \"Dragon Ball\" character designer Tadayoshi Yamamuro. One week later, the first trailer for the film was released publicly through Toei Animation featuring the all–new character designs and an enigmatic new villain. Akira Toriyama wrote the story, screenplay and designed the characters, Tatsuya Nagamine is film director, Naohiro Shintani is animation director, Kazuo Ogura is serving as art director, Rumiko Nagai as", "title": "Dragon Ball Super: Broly" }, { "id": "19384065", "text": "world. \"Note\": episodes 1, 6, 12, 20 and 26 are full-episode stories instead of 2 stories per episode. The show premiered on Disney XD in the United States on July 5, 2016, and premiered on February 25, 2017 in Southeast Asia, and at unknown date in Taiwan and Latin America. On October 15, 2016, it first aired in Australia on ABC Me. In France, it first aired on Canal J on March 18, 2017. In the U.K., it started airing on CITV on April 3, 2017, In the Germany, it started airing on Super RTL on TBA. It has now", "title": "Fangbone!" }, { "id": "10190716", "text": "Funimation titled it for their dub, aired on March 26, 1997, between episodes 41 and 42, serving as a kind of precursor to the epilogue to the series shown at the end of episode 64. On April 28, 2015, Toei Animation announced , the first all-new \"Dragon Ball\" television series to be released in 18 years. It debuted on July 5 and ran as a weekly series at 9:00 am on Fuji TV on Sundays until its series finale on March 25, 2018 after 131 episodes. Masako Nozawa reprises her roles as Goku, Gohan, and Goten. Most of the original", "title": "Dragon Ball" }, { "id": "18748931", "text": "on April 4, 2016. Viz Media began posting free English translations of the manga chapters to their website on June 24, 2016. A print release of the first volume followed in spring 2017. The animated film, \"\", is the first film in the franchise to be produced under the \"Dragon Ball Super\" title. The film will be released on December 14, 2018. It will be a continuation to the series that will act as a new arc. A poster showcasing the film's new art style was released on March 12, 2018. A teaser depicting Goku facing off against Broly was", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748933", "text": "would be available in the United States in summer 2017. Bandai has also announced the updated \"Dragon Ball Super Card Game\" that starts with one starter deck, one special pack containing 4 booster packs and a promotional Vegeta card and a booster box with 24 packs. It was released on July 28, 2017. A line of six \"Dragon Ball Super\" Happy Meal toys were made available at Japanese McDonald's restaurants in May 2017. The average audience TV rating in Japan was 5.6% (Kanto region). The maximum audience rating was 8.4% (Episode 47) and the lowest rating was 3.5% (Episodes 109-110).", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748925", "text": "episode aired on December 17, 2016. Production on the Bang Zoom! dub ended after episode 27. On November 4, 2016, Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to \"Dragon Ball Super\" and would be producing an English dub, with many cast members of their previous English-language releases of \"Dragon Ball\" media reprising their respective roles. As well as officially announcing the dub, it was also announced they would be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform, \"FunimationNow\". On December 7, 2016, IGN reported that the Funimation English dub of \"Dragon Ball Super\" would air on Adult Swim Saturdays at 8", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748922", "text": "Omega\" (episodes #1–51), began sharing the series director credit with Chioka beginning with episode #33, before taking it over completely with #47. From episode #68 to #76, Morio Hatano shared the role of series director with Kōhei Hatano (no relation), another storyboard artist and episode director for the series. Masako Nozawa reprises her roles as Son Goku, Son Gohan, and Son Goten. Most of the original cast reprise their roles as well. However, Jōji Yanami's roles as Kaiō-sama and the narrator were indefinitely taken over by Naoki Tatsuta as of episode 12, so that Yanami could take medical leave. Kōichi", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748940", "text": "56,947 copies in their debut weeks respectively. Volume three was the fourth best-selling for its week with 92,114 copies sold, and volume four was fourth its week with 150,889. According to Nielsen BookScan, the English version of volume one was the second best-selling graphic novel of May 2017, the ninth of June, the fourteenth of July, and the eighteenth of August. Volumes 1 and 2 sold 594,342 copies , volume 3 sold 236,720 copies , volume 4 sold 267,417 copies , volume 5 sold 400,000 copies , volume 6 sold 216,871 copies , and volume 7 sold 208,796 copies .", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748938", "text": "Zamasu.\" The final arc, \"Universe Survival Arc,\" garnered much more positive reception than previous arcs. Several episodes such as 109/110 and 116 have been cited as some of the Super series' best episodes; WatchMojo.com listed the fight between Goku and Jiren in episodes 109/110 as the best anime fight of 2017. Despite this praise, Jay Gibbs of ComicsVerse criticized the series for its inconsistent narrative, having heard \"an explanation within an episode, then see that very explanation invalidated seconds later.\" Episodes 130 and 131 were live streamed in several cities in Mexico, El Salvador, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Nicaragua for free", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748937", "text": "its previous episodes. However, the \"Champa Arc\" was praised for improving its animation. Episode 39 of the series was critically acclaimed for its improved animation and praised fighting sequences. Attack of the Fanboy reported that \"Dragon Ball Super\" episode 39 may be the best installment of the series to date. Goku and Hit's fight \"starts off explosively from the get-go.\" The \"Future Trunks Arc\" also garnered positive reception from fans and critics alike. IGN's Shawn Saris acclaiming Episode 66, stating that, \"Episode 66 of \"Dragon Ball Supe\"r has a few missteps but ultimately leads to a great final battle with", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748921", "text": "scriptwriters have been compiling and expanded the story content into individual episodes, making various changes and additions, and generally doing their best to make the story more interesting.\" In addition to new characters designed by Toriyama, other characters for the \"Universe Survival arc\" were designed by Toyotarou, artist of the manga version, and a few by both. Toei Animation producer Atsushi Kido previously worked on \"Dragon Ball Z\" for a brief time during the Freeza arc, while Fuji TV producer Osamu Nozaki said he has been a fan of the series since childhood. Morio Hatano, series director of \"Saint Seiya", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "11803015", "text": "started airing \"Oggy and the Cockroaches\" from Season 5 onwards. Like before it airs continuously throughout the day. Cartoon Network also aired some classic shows during weekend nights on a block called \"Get Tooned with Toonami\", but was abruptly discontinued in October in favour of \"Dragon Ball Super\". On 1 September 2017 the Bang Zoom dub of \"Dragon Ball Super\" started airing weekends on Cartoon Network at a late time slot without any promotion. It was previously aired on Toonami until it became a classic cartoon channel. In mid December 2017 Cartoon Network quietly started airing \"Dragon Ball Z\" movies", "title": "Cartoon Network (India)" }, { "id": "18748929", "text": "for episodes 73 to 83 is by The Collectors. The eighth ending theme song for episodes 84 to 96 is \"Boogie Back\" by Miyu Inoue. The ninth ending theme song for episodes 97 to 108 is by Lacco Tower. The tenth ending theme song for episodes 109 to 121 is by RottenGraffty. The eleventh ending theme song for episodes 122 to 131 is \"Lagrima\" by OnePixcel. \"Dragon Ball Super\" is also a manga illustrated by artist Toyotarou, who was previously responsible for the official \"Resurrection 'F\"' manga adaptation. Toyotarou explained that he receives the major plot points from Toriyama, before", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "17301513", "text": "Daisuki (website) Daisuki was a Japanese website focused on streaming anime content, which was founded in 2013 by Asatsu-DK and six anime studios: Toei Animation, Aniplex, Sunrise, TMS Entertainment, Nihon Ad Systems, and Dentsu. Daisuki was managed by Anime Consortium Japan, an anime content joint venture financed by Asatsu-DK, Bandai Namco, the Cool Japan Fund, and several Japanese anime studios, and which is currently managed by Bandai Namco. The service was terminated on October 31, 2017, at 11:59 JST. However, streaming of \"Dragon Ball Super\" continued until February 22, 2018, when it was transferred to DRAGON BALL SUPER CARD GAME.", "title": "Daisuki (website)" }, { "id": "17301517", "text": "president and representative. In March 2017, Bandai Namco purchased the entirety of Anime Consortium Japan for 2.1 billion yen. On August 1, 2017, Daisuki released a statement announcing the closure of their operations effective October 31, 2017. The service was terminated on October 31, 2017 at 11:59 JST. Despite this, Daisuki would continue to stream \"Dragon Ball Super\". Daisuki (website) Daisuki was a Japanese website focused on streaming anime content, which was founded in 2013 by Asatsu-DK and six anime studios: Toei Animation, Aniplex, Sunrise, TMS Entertainment, Nihon Ad Systems, and Dentsu. Daisuki was managed by Anime Consortium Japan, an", "title": "Daisuki (website)" }, { "id": "18748934", "text": "First impressions of the series' debut episode were mostly positive with the quality of animation being praised the most. Richard Eisenbeis of Kotaku praised the series' title sequence and said \"My middle-school self is so happy right now, you guys.\" Jamieson Cox of \"The Verge\" also praised the title sequence and said that \"\"Dragon Ball Super\"'s intro will have you begging for its North American release\". Cox was also surprised that, considering how popular the franchise is, the series did not launch internationally at the same time. He called it \"a move that wouldn't be unprecedented\" giving \"Sailor Moon Crystal\"", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748927", "text": "and \"Resurrection 'F\"', is scoring \"Dragon Ball Super\". An original soundtrack for the anime was released on CD by Nippon Columbia on February 24, 2016. The first opening theme song for episodes 1 to 76 is by Kazuya Yoshii of The Yellow Monkey. The lyrics were penned by Yukinojo Mori who has written numerous songs for the \"Dragon Ball\" series. The second opening theme song for episodes 77 to 131 is by enka singer Kiyoshi Hikawa. Mori wrote the lyrics for the rock song, while Takafumi Iwasaki composed the music. The first ending theme song for episodes 1 to 12", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "5789134", "text": "2017 on MTV. The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV. The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018. The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV. The 13th season had filmed in Atlanta from October 29 to November 11, 2018 and will air sometime in 2019 on MTV. Wild 'n Out Nick Cannon Presents:", "title": "Wild 'n Out" }, { "id": "18748920", "text": "army. Goku and his friends return to their daily lives on Earth. While sparring, Goku reveals to Vegeta that he is unable to activate Ultra Instinct again. Goku and Vegeta pledge to get even stronger. In addition to his role as the series creator, Akira Toriyama is also credited for the \"original story and character design concepts\" of the new anime originally directed by Kimitoshi Chioka. Toriyama elaborated on his involvement with the \"Future Trunks arc\" saying he created the story based on suggestions from the editorial department, \"As with last time, I wrote the overall plot outline, and the", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748939", "text": "in public venues. Even though the fan reaction has been polarizing, Dragon Ball Super has been criticized by fans for lacking the mild blood and gore that was present in its predecessor Dragon Ball Z. This is, however, due to the fact that the series is targeted towards a younger demographic than the previous installments, and as such censorship would not allow such content to be shown on a television program targeted towards children. All four volumes of \"Dragon Ball Super\"s manga adaptation have charted on Oricon's weekly list of the best-selling manga; volumes one and two sold 29,995 and", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "1571218", "text": "third season premiered on Netflix on August 4, 2017, and consisted of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes.[5] The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. The 7th season premiered August 10th 2018 and consists of 13 episodes. The 8th and final season is set to release on December 14th, 2018 and will consist of 13 episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. In Australia, DVDs", "title": "Voltron" }, { "id": "2150504", "text": "Guy\", \"American Dad!\", \"Bob's Burgers\", \"Mission Hill\", \"The Cleveland Show\", \"The Oblongs\", \"Final Space\", \"King of the Hill\", and \"Futurama\" (the latter three series have since moved to Comedy Central, with \"Futurama\" also airing on Syfy). The channel additionally shows anime series. Since May 26, 2012, block-within-a-block Toonami broadcasts Saturday nights, with shows such as \"Dragon Ball Z Kai\", \"My Hero Academia\", \"\", \"\", \"Dragon Ball Super\", \"FLCL Alternative\", \"Attack on Titan\", \"\", \"Black Clover\", \"Hunter × Hunter\", \"One-Punch Man\", \"Lupin the Third Part IV\", and \"Cowboy Bebop\". Some Cartoon Network programming has also aired on Adult Swim, such as", "title": "Adult Swim" }, { "id": "18748935", "text": "as an example. Lucas Siegel of Comicbook.com praised the debut episode for its \"laid back plotline\" and animation style and said that the debut was \"very much put out as a \"slice of life\" episode\". Siegel also noted that the premiere episode was more of a \"where are they now\" introduction to the series that will eventually help build anticipation for \"where will they be.\" However, the fifth episode received harsh criticism from Japanese and Western audiences due to its poor animation style compared to the previous four episodes. \"Dragon Ball Kai\" and \"Resurrection 'F\"' producer Norihiro Hayashida felt that", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "19539167", "text": "1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.", "title": "Ejen Ali" }, { "id": "10190710", "text": "of \"Dragon Ball\" and \"One Piece\" titled \"Cross Epoch\". \"Dragon Ball\", \"Dragon Ball Z\", and \"Dragon Ball Z Kai\" are all adaptations of the manga, with various new material added in to make extra episodes so that Toriyama would have more time to write original chapters for them to adapt. \"Dragon Ball GT\" and \"Dragon Ball Heroes\" are not originated from any direct source material from Toriyama, being fully created by their respective animation studios. \"Dragon Ball Super\" was released parallel to (and many times ahead of) the manga of the same name, due to the fact that they were", "title": "Dragon Ball" }, { "id": "10190694", "text": "which summon a wish-granting dragon when gathered. Along his journey, Goku makes several friends and battles a wide variety of villains, many of whom also seek the Dragon Balls. Toriyama's manga was adapted and divided into two anime series produced by Toei Animation: \"Dragon Ball\" and \"Dragon Ball Z\", which together were broadcast in Japan from 1986 to 1996. Additionally, the studio has developed 19 animated feature films and three television specials, as well as two anime sequel series titled \"Dragon Ball GT\" (1996–1997) and \"Dragon Ball Super\" (2015–2018). From 2009 to 2015, a revised version of \"Dragon Ball Z\"", "title": "Dragon Ball" }, { "id": "16651789", "text": "9:00pm. Toei Animation producer Gyarmath Bogdan confirmed through Twitter that the broadcast included up to twenty minutes of extra scenes and additional footage. The broadcast earned an average household rating of 13.1%. The 2015 \"\" film is a sequel to \"Battle of Gods\" and features Beerus and Whis. The first story arc of \"Dragon Ball Super\" is a retelling of sorts of \"Battle of Gods\", though some events are altered or expanded in the series' version of events. The \"Battle of Gods\" arc covers episodes 1-14. \"Battle of Gods\" is the first-ever Japanese film to be screened at IMAX Digital", "title": "Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods" }, { "id": "20797326", "text": "ticket holders in Japan, limited to fifty thousand, starting on July 20 will receive one of two charms of the characters Goku and Vegeta, whose hair changes based on the temperature of the figure. A promotional one-hour television special aired on Fuji TV in Japan on December 2, 2018, entitled \"\"Just before the Dragon Ball Super debut! TV version climax recap\"\". The film was promoted through the \"Dragon Ball North America Tour 2018 with Bandai Collectibles\" sponsored by North American anime distributor Funimation, which was held in seven cities in the United States and Canada, starting with a San Diego", "title": "Dragon Ball Super: Broly" }, { "id": "18547577", "text": "\"Médiévalia\" in the original French version and occasionally in the English version too. Note: Doctor X is referred to as “Professor X” in some episodes, whilst the Black Baron is frequently called “the Dark Baron” or simply “the Baron”. The first 13 episodes have an instrumental theme tune, whilst episodes 14-52 have a theme song with English lyrics. A second season started to air on weekday afternoons on CITV on 27 February 2017, and weekday mornings on KidsClick on April 2, 2018 until September 21, 2018. The episodes are being broadcast out of order, e.g. new character Rock Brock is", "title": "Super 4 (TV series)" }, { "id": "18748936", "text": "the criticism was overblown. He said that people were criticizing the entire series based on a few bad sequences that were done by new animators. He went on to explain a quality decline in the anime industry that he believes is the result of studios cutting time given for post-production and not allowing for reviews of the final product. Toei Animation redrew the animation for episode five's Blu-ray and DVD release. The twenty-fourth episode of the series also received harsh criticism from both Japanese and Western audiences due to its poor animation style, which continued throughout several episodes compared to", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "20197280", "text": "announcement at 8pm ET on Adult Swim. As a part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' joke, the premiere was broadcast for four straight hours, interrupting the television network's scheduled new episodes of \"Samurai Jack\" and \"Dragon Ball Super\". It was watched by 676,000 American households and had a 0.2 rating in the 18–49 demographic. By 11pm, as details of the episode's unexpected debut spread, \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\" had its best showing with 949,000 viewers and a 0.4 rating. A critical success, \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\" was praised as one of the series' best episodes, with Jesse Schedeen of IGN saying", "title": "The Rickshank Rickdemption" }, { "id": "19377323", "text": "20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \"Kim Possible\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014", "title": "Big Hero 6: The Series" }, { "id": "19721949", "text": "The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary. On May 1, 2018, the show moved to the Disney Channel, with new episodes airing on Fridays beginning May 4, 2018. In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017. The full series debuted on March 1, 2018 on Disney XD. In Indonesia,", "title": "DuckTales (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "18748930", "text": "drawing the storyboard and filling in the details in between himself. He sends the storyboard to Toriyama for review; Toriyama then edits the initial draft, making dialogue and art changes (occasionally drawing his own pages as a model), before sending it back to Toyotaro, who illustrates the final draft and sends it to Shueisha for publication. It began serialization in the August 2015 issue of \"V Jump\", which was released on June 20, 2015. In November 2018, the manga surpassed the anime and began telling an original story. Shueisha began collecting the chapters into \"tankōbon\" volumes with the first published", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748941", "text": "This adds up to at least 1,924,146 \"tankōbon\" copies sold in Japan, . Tom Speelman of ComicsAlliance noted that Toyotarou's condensed and altered versions of the \"Battle of Gods\" and \"Resurrection 'F\"' arcs made it a lot easier to speed through and added suspense. He also said that for the first time he could not decide whether the anime or manga was superior. Dragon Ball Super \"Dragon Ball Super\" follows the adventures of Goku and his friends after defeating Majin Buu and bringing peace to Earth once again. Goku encounters beings far more powerful and defends the Earth against a", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "20234950", "text": "season 5 episode 8 and concludes on \"Legends of Tomorrow\" season 2 episode 7. Similarly, the episode \"Star-Crossed\" ends with Music Meister hypnotizing Kara and fleeing to Earth-1 to do the same to Barry, thus initiating the events of \"The Flash\" season 3 episode \"Duet\". The score for the season was composed by Blake Neely. The season began airing on The CW on October 10, 2016, in the United States, and ended on May 22, 2017. It premiered on the same day as the United States in Canada on Showcase, and on October 24, 2016, in the United Kingdom on", "title": "Supergirl (season 2)" }, { "id": "20234940", "text": "Melissa Benoist, who stars in the titular role, principal cast members Mehcad Brooks, Chyler Leigh, Jeremy Jordan, and David Harewood return from the first season, and are joined by Chris Wood and Floriana Lima. The season premiered on The CW on October 10, 2016, and ran until May 22, 2017, over 22 episodes. It received overall critical acclaim, being viewed as an improvement over the first season. The series was renewed for a third season on January 8, 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On May 12, 2016, Warner Bros. Television announced that \"Supergirl\" had been renewed for a second season of 22 episodes", "title": "Supergirl (season 2)" }, { "id": "19700208", "text": "August 2016, the short was again made available to stream until 31 March 2017. The first episode of the two-part special premiered on NHK's BS Premium channel on 18 February 2017, and the second episode aired on 25 February 2017. Each episode is 45 minutes long. The special aired dubbed on NHK World with the first episode airing on 17 March 2017 and the second episode airing the next day. Sentai Filmworks has licensed the special for home video distribution in North America. Reviewing the first two seasons of Animator Expo for Anime News Network, Kevin Cirugeda recommended the short", "title": "The Dragon Dentist" }, { "id": "1691702", "text": "Sir John Worthing, which aired on June 25, 2011. He has appeared on \"Supernatural\" in the episode \"Shut Up, Dr. Phil\", which aired October 21, 2011, alongside fellow Buffyverse co-star Charisma Carpenter. He also appeared in \"Warehouse 13\" as Bennett Sutton, which aired in 2013. He also voices Zamasu in the Funimation dub of \"Dragon Ball Super\" (and its video games) under the stage names of \"David Gray\" and \"Sam Majesters\". Marsters had played in bands and solo in bars and clubs for many years and enjoyed several successful sell-out solo gigs at Los Angeles clubs before forming a band.", "title": "James Marsters" }, { "id": "20797331", "text": "Budokan in Tokyo on November 14, 2018. This event was limited to only 1,000 guests that were selected via lottery through \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" No.47 and the December \"V Jump\". \"Broly\" was open nationwide in Japan on December 14, 2018, while Funimation's English dub had its world premiere at TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on December 13 followed by its United States and Canada release a month later on January 16, 2019 by Funimation Films. In the UK the film will be released on January 23 and 24, 2019. In its opening weekend, the film was shown on 467", "title": "Dragon Ball Super: Broly" }, { "id": "19387443", "text": "point onwards (at Lynch's insistence). Overall, the series consists of 18 episodes. It concluded on September 3, 2017, with a two-part finale. In the United Kingdom, Sky Atlantic simulcast the first two episodes beginning at 2:00 am British Summer Time on May 22, 2017, and the next two episodes were released on Sky UK's on-demand service after the premiere. In the Nordic countries, the series is broadcast on HBO Nordic, with the two-hour premiere airing on May 22, and subsequent episodes being made available the day after its U.S. airing. In Canada, the series is available on CraveTV and The", "title": "Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "19948058", "text": "Iron Sharpens Iron (May 3, 2017) Episode 4: Piece of Us (May 10, 2017) Episode 5: A Brutal Business (May 17, 2017) Episode 6: Let Me Bang! (May 24, 2017) Episode 7: Dark Horse (May 31, 2017) Episode 8: Kryptonite (June 7, 2017) Episode 9: Killashaw (June 14, 2017) Episode 10: Time to Smash (June 21, 2017) Episode 11: Embrace the Snake (June 28, 2017) Episode 12: The Winner's Circle (July 5, 2017) The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption Finale (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 25 Finale) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on", "title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption" }, { "id": "7219818", "text": "21, 2012 by Marvelous Entertainment in Japan. On July 18, 2018, Discotek Media licensed the show for home video release, with the first 101 episodes coming on a 2-disc SD on BD set September 25, 2018, then the other 102 episodes coming October 30, 2018. An original video animation was produced under the same staff and cast and was released in October 2009 during the annual Jump Super Anime Tour. It was released by Pony Canyon on DVD on July 21, 2010, under the title . The DVD version included a short version showed on the tour and a complete", "title": "Reborn!" }, { "id": "12623282", "text": "cut Toonami completely. The movies were no longer aired. After its cancellation in Latin America on March 26, 2007, the block's programming gradually vanished. In January 2010, the block \"Animaction\" was created, showing on Wednesday evenings. This block broadcast both action programming and anime programming before it was removed in April 2011. Currently, the only anime which air on CN LA are \"Beyblade Burst\", \"Dragon Ball Z Kai\", \"Dragon Ball Super\", \"Pokémon\", \"Mecard\" and \"Captain Tsubasa\". Cartoon Network (Latin America) Cartoon Network Latin America () () is a satellite and cable television channel distributed by AT&T for the Latin American", "title": "Cartoon Network (Latin America)" }, { "id": "2022767", "text": "Dragon Ball GT Unlike the previous two anime in the \"Dragon Ball\" franchise, \"Dragon Ball GT\" does not adapt the manga by Toriyama, but is a sequel show to the \"Dragon Ball Z\" anime with an original story using the same characters and universe. It was succeeded by \"Dragon Ball Super\". Five years after the end of the \"Dragon Ball Z\" anime (10 years in the Funimation dub), Goku is turned back into a child by the used by his old enemy Emperor Pilaf and is forced to travel across the universe to retrieve them along with his granddaughter Pan", "title": "Dragon Ball GT" }, { "id": "20330103", "text": "Watson, Chris Sullivan, Ron Cephas Jones, Jon Huertas, Alexandra Breckenridge, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, and Lonnie Chavis. The second season, consisting of 18 episodes, aired from September 26, 2017, to March 13, 2018, on NBC. \"This Is Us\" served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII in February 2018 with the second season's fourteenth episode. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes. Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger served", "title": "This Is Us (season 2)" }, { "id": "20797329", "text": "In addition to regular screenings, it will be also screened in IMAX, MX4D, and 4DX. On July 19, 2018, trailers for both the subtitled and dubbed versions were released online after being shown at San Diego Comic-Con. On October 5, 2018, the second official trailer for both the subtitled and dubbed versions were released online after being shown at New York Comic Con during the \"Dragon Ball Super: Broly\" panel at the Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden. The third trailer was released on November 7, 2018, but only subtitled, while dubbed version on 20 December. The fourth which was", "title": "Dragon Ball Super: Broly" }, { "id": "18748917", "text": "different world as part of his plan to attain immortality and wipe out all mortals. In the end, Zamasu is erased along with the entire future world by Future Grand Zenō, who accompanies Goku back to his world. Goku fulfills his promise to Present Grand Zenō by introducing him to his future self. Some time after Future Trunks returns home, Present Grand Zenō and Future Grand Zenō hold a new tournament called the . At Goku's suggestion, the multiverse tournament features teams of fighters from eight of the twelve universes. However, it becomes a battle for survival when both kings", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "20797324", "text": "color designer, Naotake Oota is in charge of special effects, and Kai Makino is the CG director. The film includes elements of the 2014 \"\" story written by Toriyama as canon. On July 9, 2018, the movie's title was revealed to be \"Dragon Ball Super: Broly\", revealing the unknown villain to be the titular character Broly who first appeared in the 1993 film \"\". Toriyama stated the character and his origin will be reworked, but with his classic image in mind. With this movie portrayal, the character will become part of the series official canon. Other new characters introduced in", "title": "Dragon Ball Super: Broly" }, { "id": "10409878", "text": "Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th", "title": "2007 New York Dragons season" }, { "id": "35433", "text": "Patrolman\". Viz Media began serializing it in English in their digital \"Weekly Shonen Jump\" magazine, beginning just two days later. The follow-up film to \"Battle of Gods\", \"\", released on April 18, 2015, features even more contributions from Toriyama. He currently contributes to the \"Dragon Ball Super\" anime and manga since June 2015. Toriyama married his wife on May 2, 1982. She is a former manga artist from Nagoya under the pen name , and occasionally helped Toriyama and his assistant on \"Dr. Slump\" when they were short on time. They have two children: a son named born on March", "title": "Akira Toriyama" }, { "id": "18748916", "text": "Goku forfeits the match. However, Hit forfeits the final match since he was inspired by Goku to do the same thing. The tournament concludes with Universe Seven's victory. Goku later meets and befriends Present Grand Zenō, who is the king of all universes. Goku promises to bring him a friend to play with. Later, Future Trunks reappears and brings news of a new and powerful enemy resembling Goku, who is known as Goku Black. Goku and the others eventually discover that Goku Black is actually a Supreme Kai apprentice from Universe Ten named Zamasu, who hijacked Goku's body from a", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "18748928", "text": "is by Japanese rock band Good Morning America. The second ending theme song for episodes 13 to 25 is by the group Key Talk. The singer for Funimation's English dub is Professor Shyguy. The third ending song for episodes 26 to 36 is by the band Lacco Tower. The fourth ending theme song for episodes 37 to 49 is \"Forever Dreaming\" by Czecho No Republic. The fifth ending theme song for episodes 50 to 59 is by idol group Batten Showjo Tai. The sixth ending theme song for episodes 60 to 72 is by Arukara. The seventh ending theme song", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "830136", "text": "and pacing while recognizing the coming-of-age theme and the use of cultural references from Chinese mythology and Japanese folktales. Complaints from parents in the United States resulted in English-language releases being edited to remove nudity, racial stereotypes, and other content. A sequel, titled \"Dragon Ball Super\", has been published in \"V Jump\" since 2015. It is written by Toriyama and illustrated by Toyotarou. Son Goku, a monkey-tailed boy, and Bulma, a teenage girl, travel to find the seven Dragon Balls, which summon the dragon Shenlong to grant the user one wish. Their journey leads to the desert bandit Yamcha, who", "title": "Dragon Ball (manga)" }, { "id": "5842677", "text": "three-disc DVD set in the United States on February 22, 2005. The sets included brief audio commentaries by Parker and Stone for each episode. The episode was included in the re-release of the fifth season on Blu-ray, released on December 5, 2017. This was the first time the episode was made available in HD, as the episode was not released alongside the rest of the season when it debuted in HD on iTunes in 2011. The episode is shown in its original presentation, without Muhammad's image being obscured as in later episodes of the series. Super Best Friends \"Super Best", "title": "Super Best Friends" }, { "id": "18748912", "text": "Dragon Ball Super \"Dragon Ball Super\" follows the adventures of Goku and his friends after defeating Majin Buu and bringing peace to Earth once again. Goku encounters beings far more powerful and defends the Earth against a powerful destructive deity. He attains the power of a god and learns his newly discovered powers under the gods of his universe. Goku travels to other universes to face more powerful opponents as well as nearly unstoppable foes. Sometime after the defeat of Majin Buu, peace has returned to Earth. Son Goku has settled down and works as a farmer to support his", "title": "Dragon Ball Super" }, { "id": "19934453", "text": "for the series' predecessor, \"Ultimate Spider-Man\", which ended its run in early January 2017. It premiered on August 19, 2017 on Disney XD. The show premiered August 19 on Disney XD in the US, August 28 on Disney XD in India and a simulcast premiere October 14 on Disney Channel (except Disney Channel live-action series) and Disney XD in Southeast Asia. Amy Ratcliffe of IGN gave the first season's premiere a score of 7.4 out of 10, writing that the series \"strikes a solid balance between the familiar and the new, emphasizing qualities and hallmarks Spider-Man is known for while", "title": "Spider-Man (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "17435867", "text": "two sequel series; \"Dragon Ball GT\" (1996–1997) and \"Dragon Ball Super\" (2015–2018). \"Dragon Ball Z\" picks up five years after the end of the \"Dragon Ball\" anime, with Goku as a young adult and father to his son, Gohan. A humanoid alien named Raditz arrives on Earth in a spacecraft and tracks down Goku, revealing to him that he is his long-lost big brother and that they are members of a nearly extinct extraterrestrial race called the . The Saiyans had sent Goku (originally named \"\"Kakarot\"\") to Earth as an infant to conquer the planet for them, but he suffered", "title": "Dragon Ball Z" }, { "id": "20139416", "text": "and former Invicta FC Bantamweight Champion and current UFC fighter Lauren Murphy. Team Alvarez: Episode 1: A New World Champion (August 30, 2017) Episode 2: Fight! (September 6, 2017) Episode 3: Time to Shine (September 13, 2017) Episode 4: The Truth in Me (September 20, 2017) Episode 5: Feelings Mean Nothing (September 27, 2017) Episode 6: Predator (October 4, 2017) Episode 7: Enjoy the Moment (October 18, 2017) Episode 8: Sink or Swim (November 1, 2017) Episode 9: The Fight Gods (November 8, 2017) Episode 10: Make it a Fight (November 15, 2017) Episode 11: A Will to Win (November", "title": "The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion" }, { "id": "1614736", "text": "with the original Law & Order but stopped after the first episode. The first season later moved to Nine's sister channel Gem on Sunday nights as of February 25, 2018 at 9:10pm with double episodes before moving to single episodes, and later reairing them in the early hours of Monday morning. Gem is currently airing the second season. Season 19 premiered on Network Ten on October 5, 2017 at 9:40pm. As of September 2017, the show is rerun on fellow NBCUniversal network USA, as well as Ion Television, MyNetworkTV's Monday evening lineup, and local stations. The show also briefly ran", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "20596480", "text": "in January 2018 that Sony reported cost $14 million to make but other sources listed at as high as $30 million. The soundtrack for the film was curated by American rapper Future, who also acted as a producer on the film. It features 13 new and previously released songs, as well as guest appearances from Miguel, Lil Wayne, Khalid, Ty Dolla Sign, Young Thug, PartyNextDoor, H.E.R., Gunna, Sleepy Brown, and Yung Bans, among others. \"Superfly\" was initially scheduled to be released on June 15, 2018. Three weeks prior, it was moved up two days to June 13, 2018, in order", "title": "Superfly (2018 film)" }, { "id": "19872785", "text": "second season, premiered March 24, 2017, after a DCOM, called \"\", premiered March 10, 2017. \"Liv and Maddie\" aired its final episode on March 24, 2017 after four seasons. \"Andi Mack\", premiered April 7, 2017. \"\", a show based on the characters of the 2012 movie of the same name, premiered June 25, 2017. \"Raven's Home\", a spin-off of \"That's So Raven\", premiered July 21, 2017, after the premiere of \"Descendants 2\". On February 2 2018, \"K.C. Undercover\" aired its final episode (actually two produced episodes broadcast as a one-hour episode) after three seasons. Disney XD series \"DuckTales\", \"\", and", "title": "History of Disney Channel" }, { "id": "19313870", "text": "K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\" had its worldwide television premiere in the US on Cartoon Network on August 1, 2017, and aired on sister network Boomerang from August 7 to September 1, 2017. In Canada, it premiered on August 1 on Cartoon Network and on September 4 on Teletoon. In Africa, the shorts were released on September 11 and the full series premiered on November 18, 2017. It premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 9, 2017. It premiered in Australia and New Zealand and the Philippines on January 6, 2018 and in Southeast Asia on January 20, 2018. A", "title": "OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes" }, { "id": "11803020", "text": "Ben 10 (and related series), (and related series), Cartoon Network Original Shows like The Amazing World of Gumball, League of Super Evil, Tom and Jerry (and related series), Ed, Edd 'n' Eddy, and movies from Ben 10, Pokémon among others. On February 26, 2015, Turner India launched a new channel based on its former block, Toonami. It featured shows such as \"Batman\", \"Superman\", \"Justice League\", \"Transformers\", and \"Dragon Ball Z\". On July 1, the channel transformed into a replica of Boomerang and aired shows such as \"The Jetsons\", \"The Flintstones\" and \"Yogi Bear\". The channel ceased operations at the end", "title": "Cartoon Network (India)" }, { "id": "2022780", "text": "released the series in DVD box sets; the first (beginning with episode 17) in October 2005 and finished in November 2007 with the first 16 episodes as a \"Lost Episode\" box set. Two years later, they began releasing the series again in DVD \"remastered season\" sets that finally put the episodes in proper chronological order; the first on December 9, 2008 and the second on February 10, 2009. A Game Boy Advance Video cartridge containing the episodes \"A Grand Problem\" and \"Pan's Gambit\" was released on September 7, 2004 by Majesco Entertainment. A complete series DVD box set including was", "title": "Dragon Ball GT" }, { "id": "18532496", "text": "cast as Rand in February 2016. Metzner was revealed as the series' new showrunner in July 2017. Filming for the series takes place in New York City. All 13 episodes of the first season premiered on March 17, 2017. They received generally negative reviews from critics. Despite the critical reception, third-party data analytics determined the series had strong viewership. A second season, consisting of 10 episodes, was ordered in July 2017, and was released on September 7, 2018 to a more mixed to positive reception. On October 12, 2018, Netflix canceled the series after two seasons. After being presumed dead", "title": "Iron Fist (TV series)" }, { "id": "19387444", "text": "Movie Network, and debuted simultaneously with the U.S. broadcast. In Australia, episodes of the series are available to stream on Stan the same day as the original U.S. broadcast. Two episodes were screened at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. In Japan, the series airs on the satellite television network Wowow, which also aired the original series. The first two episodes garnered positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 94% rating with an average score of 7.75 out of 10 based on 71 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, \"Surreal, suspenseful, and visually stunning, this new \"Twin Peaks\"", "title": "Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "19861860", "text": "Central, Mountain, Alaska, and Hawaii-Aleutian times. From February 8 to February 25, 2018, NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea aired live in all time zones, encompassing all of primetime those days. The East Coast late night coverage after the late local news (around midnight ET/11 p.m. CT) at approximately 12:35 a.m. ET/11:35 p.m. CT was carried on the West Coast in primetime under the \"Prime Time Plus\" banner. Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2016–17:", "title": "2017–18 United States network television schedule" }, { "id": "20797327", "text": "Comic-Con International panel on July 19, and ending at Dallas Fan Days on October 21, 2018. Due to the upcoming release of the film, in September and November was held a limited theatrical release and debut of the original film \"\" (1993), and TV special & film \"\" (1990) and \"\" (1995) jointly titled as \"Dragon Ball Z: Saiyan Double Feature\", by Fathom Events and Toei Animation in the United States, with the audience receiving an exclusive limited edition content. To promote the North American release of the film, a Goku balloon debuted on the 92nd Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade", "title": "Dragon Ball Super: Broly" }, { "id": "19089735", "text": "Chōzetsu Dynamic! Yoshii composed the music for \"Chōzetsu Dynamic!\", while its lyrics were penned by Yukinojo Mori, who has written numerous songs for the \"Dragon Ball\" series. The song was recorded in Los Angeles with American musicians Alain Johannes, Chris Chaney and Josh Freese. \"Chōzetsu Dynamic!\" was used as the opening theme song for the first 76 episodes of \"Dragon Ball Super\". The single also includes a cover of \"Romantic Ageru yo\", the closing theme of the original \"Dragon Ball\" anime, instrumental versions of these two songs, and an English-language version of the title track. Yoshii's The Yellow Monkey bandmate,", "title": "Chōzetsu Dynamic!" }, { "id": "10190720", "text": "April 7, 2013. Nineteen animated theatrical films based on the \"Dragon Ball\" series have been released in Japan. The two most recent films, \"\" (2013) and \"\" (2015), were produced as full-length feature films and were given stand-alone theatrical releases in Japan (as well as limited theatrical releases in the U.S.); these two have a greater sense of continuity with the series than the older films, especially since their storylines were directly adapted into the first-two story arcs of the \"Dragon Ball Super\" anime. They're also the first movies to have original creator Akira Toriyama deeply involved in their production.", "title": "Dragon Ball" }, { "id": "17014831", "text": "the series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on", "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)" }, { "id": "13373274", "text": "picked up the series for a seventh season, renewing the contracts of the main cast at the same time. ABC renewed the series for season eight with a 22-episode order, later expanded to 23 episodes in December 2016. The series was renewed for a ninth season on January 25, 2017, with filming beginning on August 15, 2017. On August 2, 2017, it was announced that the series would end after its ninth season, at the request of the series' creators. The one-hour series finale aired on May 22, 2018. \"The Middle\" premiered in the U.S. on September 30, 2009, on", "title": "The Middle (TV series)" }, { "id": "17171845", "text": "May 2017 Cannes Film Festival. In the UK, it premiered on BBC Two on 27 July 2017, and the entire series was released on the BBC iPlayer immediately afterwards. In the US, it premiered in September 2017, on Sundance TV, and each episode will be available on Hulu the day after its screening on SundanceTV. In Canada, \"China Girl\" premiered on 25 October 2017, on CBC Television. Reviews of \"Top of the Lake\" have been positive, referring to the series as \"masterfully made\", \"beautiful\", \"mysterious\", \"riveting\", and \"a masterpiece\". It received a score of 86 out of 100 from Metacritic", "title": "Top of the Lake" }, { "id": "20797325", "text": "the film are Goku's mother Gine, Kikono, Berryblue, Cheelai, and Lemo serving in the Frieza's army, and Saiyan Beets. The film score will be composed by Norihito Sumitomo. The original soundtrack, containing 35 tracks, was released on 12 December, by Avex Trax. In August 2018, was reported a rumor that the \"Dragon Ball Z\" iconic theme song \"Cha-La Head-Cha-La\" will be also featured in a new arrangement. In October 2018, it was announced that Daichi Miura will perform the film's theme song \"Blizzard\", which will be released as a single on 19 December, by Sonic Groove. As a promotion, pre-order", "title": "Dragon Ball Super: Broly" }, { "id": "20276364", "text": "Mecard was produced for Choirock and Sonokong by BTI Studios Hong Kong. The television channels that broadcast this version include Teletoon and Cartoon Network in Canada (premiering there on 28 May and 4 June 2017, respectively), 9Go! in Australia (premiered on 12 June 2017), Okto in Singapore (premiered on 5 May 2018) and TV3 in Malaysia (premiered on 5 June 2018). The other version, simply titled Mecard, was produced by Studiopolis for Mattel, which released it on their Mecard website and through the Mattel Action YouTube channel beginning on 26 January 2018. In Mattel's web release, each full episode is", "title": "Turning Mecard (TV series)" }, { "id": "7615425", "text": "aired more Cartoon Network shows to their block like \"Regular Show\", \"The Amazing World of Gumball\" and \"Adventure Time\". In 2015, the block has been axed, giving way for the return of TV5 AniMEGA. The block returned on October 2016, after a year of hiatus but with only two new CN shows (We Bare Bears and The Powerpuff Girls 2016 reboot) which airs only every Saturday and Sunday mornings and it does not air any of its older CN shows mentioned above unlike the original airing of the block. However, the return of the block (along its \"Boomerang on TV5", "title": "Cartoon Network (Philippines)" }, { "id": "19939298", "text": "August 2016. The series started filming in Salt Lake City in September 2016, and finished filming in December 2016. The first episode became available on the Disney Channel App, On-Demand, Disney Channel's YouTube, iTunes, Amazon, and Google Play on March 10, 2017, while the second episode became available the same day via Disney Channel On-Demand as well as to subscribers using the Disney Channel App. The series premiered on Disney Channel on April 7, 2017. A total of 13 episodes were ordered for the first season; however, only 12 episodes were aired. Disney Channel renewed the series for a second", "title": "Andi Mack" }, { "id": "20145869", "text": "9.5% rating. While the final episode scored a 10.7% rating. The series had its highest rating on November 24, 2017 with an 11.1% rating. In Mega Manila household television ratings, 48.6% was its highest rating. In Urban Luzon, it had its highest rating on November 24, 2017 with a 45.3% rating. Super Ma'am Super Ma'am (International title: \"My Teacher, My Hero\") is a 2017 Philippine television drama action fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Lord Alvin Madridejos and Albert Langitan, it stars Marian Rivera in the title role. It premiered on September 18, 2017 on the network's Telebabad", "title": "Super Ma'am" }, { "id": "19745069", "text": "season of the series. This season also contains the show's 200th episode “The Vegging”. On June 22, 2016, Cartoon Network renewed the series for a sixth season. This is the last season where Donielle T. Hansley Jr. voices Darwin. He voices Darwin until Christian J. Simon takes the role in \"The Anybody\". The sixth season production began on July 13, 2017 and ended on October 24, 2018. Ben Bocquelet, retweeted an article stating that the sixth season would be its last, though the author of that article made a follow up article clarifying that there could still be more seasons.", "title": "The Amazing World of Gumball (season 6)" }, { "id": "20285267", "text": "App on August 27, 2018 and debuting on television on September 1, 2018; starting with the third episode, subsequent episodes are released in advance on Fridays on the Cartoon Network App before the television broadcast. In Canada, the series premiered on Teletoon on September 16, 2018 and YTV on September 28, 2018. Internationally, the series premiered on RTL 7 in the Netherlands on September 2, 2018, on Cartoon Network on September 29, 2018 in Australia, October 2, 2018 in Latin America, October 27, 2018 in India, Central and Eastern Europe, and the United Kingdom, and on Gulli on October 7,", "title": "Transformers: Cyberverse" }, { "id": "20841684", "text": "episode, ranging from five days until broadcast to when the episode began airing. At time of the episode's initial announcement, it was stated that the episode would air in August 2018. On 24 July 2018, it was confirmed that the episode would air on 11 August. The episode premiered on BBC One at 21:10 and was available to watch on BBC iPlayer for thirty days after its broadcast. Official ratings from the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board showed that 5.51 million people had watched the episode on BBC One and BBC iPlayer within 7 days of the original broadcast. Within 28", "title": "Episode 1094" }, { "id": "10190711", "text": "both based on the same outline by Toriyama for the story of \"Super\". Toei Animation produced an anime television series based on the first 194 manga chapters, also titled \"Dragon Ball\". The series premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on February 26, 1986 and ran until April 19, 1989, lasting 153 episodes. Instead of continuing the anime as \"Dragon Ball\", Toei Animation decided to carry on with their adaptation under a new name and asked Akira Toriyama to come up with the title. picks up five years after the first series left off and adapts the final 325 chapters of", "title": "Dragon Ball" }, { "id": "10644784", "text": "has been licensed by Aniplex of America and Anime Limited for North America and the United Kingdom, respectively. Crunchyroll simulcasted the series in their Fall 2016 line-up. A second season, announced at the end of the first season's final episode, premiered on October 14, 2017 and finished airing on March 31, 2018 with a total of 22 episodes. Crunchyroll streamed the second season. A two-part live action film adaptation of the same name directed by , starring Ryunosuke Kamiki and distributed by Toho and Asmik Ace was released in two parts in 2017, with the first part released on March", "title": "March Comes in Like a Lion" }, { "id": "17435892", "text": "2016, Funimation announced the continuation of \"Kai\" to begin airing on Adult Swim's Toonami block; airing from January 7, 2017 to June 23, 2018. \"Dragon Ball Z\"s original North American release was the subject of heavy editing which resulted in a large amount of removed content and alterations that greatly changed the original work. Funimation CEO Gen Fukunaga is often criticized for his role in the editing; but it was the distributor Saban which required such changes or they would not air the work, as was the case with the episode dealing with orphans. These changes included altering every aspect", "title": "Dragon Ball Z" }, { "id": "20799562", "text": "season would contain only 20 episodes, the series' shortest season since the third season which was only 16 episodes due to the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 89% approval rating for \"Supernatural\"'s fourteenth season, with an average rating of 7.86/10 based on 9 reviews. Supernatural (season 14) The fourteenth season of \"Supernatural\", an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered on October 11, 2018, on The CW. The season will consist of 20 episodes and airs on Thursdays at 8:00 pm (ET). This is the third season with", "title": "Supernatural (season 14)" }, { "id": "17228372", "text": "an alumnus from the same season. All the episodes were made available online on Voot platform after original airing. The fifth season was moved to Colors Super and premiered on 15 October 2017. The show duration was increased by 30 minutes from this season and the episodes were aired throughout the week from 8:00 PM to 9:30 PM. The major addition to this season was that the housemates included contestants from the public, selected through audition process along with the celebrities. The format of the show continued to be the same as that of previous seasons while the Sunday's episode", "title": "Bigg Boss Kannada" }, { "id": "14195696", "text": "to begin filming in London in 2016. On April 11, 2016, Season 5 was confirmed to be the show's last; it consists of seven episodes and premiered on August 20, 2017. The series finale, Season 5's \"Episode Seven\", aired on October 8, 2017. \"Episodes\" has received positive reviews by critics, with specific praise being given to the performances of stars Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Greig, and Matt LeBlanc. For his performance in the series Matt LeBlanc won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards. After married", "title": "Episodes (TV series)" }, { "id": "20111365", "text": "on July 9, Disney announced via Twitter that only two episodes were going to be broadcast. A second set of eight episodes was released in October 2017. It was subsequently announced that episodes will air in two half-hour specials on Disney Channel on October 1 and October 29. Each episode is written by Jennifer Muro and directed by Brad Rau. A second season of fifteen additional episodes was announced in September 2017. The episodes were released on March 19, 2018 online and aired on Disney Channel on March 25, 2018. A series of youth books will initially adapt the episodes.", "title": "Star Wars Forces of Destiny" }, { "id": "18408478", "text": "broad appeal. The second story arc of \"Dragon Ball Super\", the newest canonical anime series in the \"Dragon Ball\" franchise, retells the events of \"Resurrection 'F\"', although some details have been altered, including the addition of extra scenes, and expanded dialogue to cover the 13-episode arc. The remnants of Frieza's army, led by an alien named Sorbet, head to Earth where they convince Pilaf, Mai, and Shu, who have collected the Dragon Balls, to summon the wish-granting dragon Shenron. Sorbet makes a wish to revive Frieza, but Shenron can only bring him back to life in the form of the", "title": "Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F'" }, { "id": "20788828", "text": "the crossover episodes also featured appearances by Melissa Benoist, reprising her role as Kara Danvers / Supergirl from the TV series \"Supergirl\". The season began airing on October 13, 2016 on The CW in the United States, and concluded on April 4, 2017. The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late April 2017, soon after the season finale aired. It was later released on Blu-ray on August 15, 2017. Rotten Tomatoes gave the season an 80% approval rating, with an average rating of 6.06/10 based on 15 reviews. The website's consensus reads: \"Though the narrative remains too", "title": "Legends of Tomorrow (season 2)" }, { "id": "20517989", "text": "be launching their own variety show titled “Super TV”. Season 1 aired from January 28, 2018 until April 13, 2018. The show went on hiatus after that and returned on May 29, 2018 with an earlier introduction on SMTOWN's V Live channel. Season 2 aired from June 7, 2018 until August 23, 2018. On this season, the show changed its format. The programme changed its day and time slot from every Friday at 11:30 PM KST to every Thursday at 08:00 PM KST for Xtvn and every Friday at 6:40 PM KST for tvN . On 23 August, the show", "title": "Super Junior's Super TV" }, { "id": "10409701", "text": "3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:", "title": "2007 Orlando Predators season" }, { "id": "18474435", "text": "Johnson, and Scott Porter were confirmed to continue voicework for the new season. The game supports the new Crowd Play feature that Telltale introduced in \"\", allowing up to 2,000 audience members to vote on decisions for the player using Twitch or other streaming services. On August 3, 2017, Telltale announced that Episode 2, \"Giant Consequences\", was released on August 15. On September 19, 2017, Episode 3 \"Jailhouse Block\" was released. The fourth episode, \"Below the Bedrock\", was released on November 7, 2017. The fifth episode and season finale, \"Above And Beyond\" was released on December 19, 2017. \"Minecraft: Story", "title": "Minecraft: Story Mode" } ]

[ "Christians" ]

[ { "id": "5990851", "text": "Diocletianic Persecution The Diocletianic or Great Persecution was the last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. In 303, the Emperors Diocletian, Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius issued a series of edicts rescinding Christians' legal rights and demanding that they comply with traditional religious practices. Later edicts targeted the clergy and demanded universal sacrifice, ordering all inhabitants to sacrifice to the gods. The persecution varied in intensity across the empire—weakest in Gaul and Britain, where only the first edict was applied, and strongest in the Eastern provinces. Persecutory laws were nullified by different emperors (Galerius with the Edict", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "10213606", "text": "Overall, Roman governors were more interested in making apostates than martyrs: one proconsul of Asia, Arrius Antoninus, when confronted with a group of voluntary martyrs during one of his assize tours, sent a few to be executed and snapped at the rest, \"If you want to die, you wretches, you can use ropes or precipices.\" During the Great Persecution which lasted from 303 to 312/313, governors were given direct edicts from the emperor. Christian churches and texts were to be destroyed, meeting for Christian worship was forbidden, and those Christians who refused to recant lost their legal rights. Later, it", "title": "Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire" }, { "id": "10213647", "text": "the first fifteen years of his rule, Diocletian purged the army of Christians, condemned Manicheans to death, and surrounded himself with public opponents of Christianity. Diocletian's preference for autocratic government, combined with his self-image as a restorer of past Roman glory, presaged the most pervasive persecution in Roman history. In the winter of 302, Galerius urged Diocletian to begin a general persecution of the Christians. Diocletian was wary, and asked the oracle of Apollo for guidance. The oracle's reply was read as an endorsement of Galerius's position, and a general persecution was called on 24 February 303. Support for persecution", "title": "Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire" }, { "id": "5990888", "text": "a new-fangled one\", he wrote. The Christians of the empire were vulnerable to the same line of thinking. Diocletian was in Antioch in the autumn of 302, when the next instance of persecution occurred. The deacon Romanus visited a court while preliminary sacrifices were taking place and interrupted the ceremonies, denouncing the act in a loud voice. He was arrested and sentenced to be set aflame, but Diocletian overruled the decision, and decided that Romanus should have his tongue removed instead. Romanus would be executed on November 18, 303. The boldness of this Christian displeased Diocletian, and he left the", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "5990927", "text": "was found. Executions followed. The palace eunuchs Dorotheus and Gorgonius were eliminated. One individual, a Peter, was stripped, raised high, and scourged. Salt and vinegar were poured in his wounds, and he was slowly boiled over an open flame. The executions continued until at least April 24, 303, when six individuals, including the bishop Anthimus, were decapitated. The persecution intensified. Now presbyters and other clergymen could be arrested without having even been accused of a crime, and condemned to death. A second fire appeared sixteen days after the first. Galerius left the city, declaring it unsafe. Diocletian would soon follow.", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "5990854", "text": "was read as an endorsement of Galerius's position, and a general persecution was called on February 24, 303. Persecutory policies varied in intensity across the empire. Where Galerius and Diocletian were avid persecutors, Constantius was unenthusiastic. Later persecutory edicts, including the calls for universal sacrifice, were not applied in his domain. His son, Constantine, on taking the imperial office in 306, restored Christians to full legal equality and returned property that had been confiscated during the persecution. In Italy in 306, the usurper Maxentius ousted Maximian's successor Severus, promising full religious toleration. Galerius ended the persecution in the East in", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "809759", "text": "part of his reign, and historians have claimed that Galerius decided to prod him into persecuting them by secretly burning the Imperial Palace and blaming it on Christian saboteurs. Regardless of who was at fault for the fire, Diocletian's rage was aroused and he began one of the last and greatest Christian persecutions in the history of the Roman Empire. It was at the insistence of Galerius that the last edicts of persecution against the Christians were published, beginning on February 24, 303, and this policy of repression was maintained by him until the appearance of the general edict of", "title": "Galerius" }, { "id": "108145", "text": "in his wounds, and he was slowly boiled over an open flame. The executions continued until at least 24 April 303, when six individuals, including the bishop Anthimus, were decapitated. A second fire occurred sixteen days after the first. Galerius left the city for Rome, declaring Nicomedia unsafe. Diocletian would soon follow. Although further persecutionary edicts followed, compelling the arrest of the Christian clergy and universal acts of sacrifice, the persecutionary edicts were ultimately unsuccessful; most Christians escaped punishment, and pagans too were generally unsympathetic to the persecution. The martyrs' sufferings strengthened the resolve of their fellow Christians. Constantius and", "title": "Diocletian" }, { "id": "2237346", "text": "polytheists' gods and goddesses, until Abu Bakr bought him and freed him. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II, with the stated goal of regaining control of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims, who had captured them from the Byzantines in 638. The Fatimid Caliph, Al Hakim of Cairo, known as the \"mad Caliph\" destroyed the ancient and magnificent Constantine Church of the Holy Sepulcher in 1009, as well as most other Christian churches and shrines in the Holy Land. This, in conjunction with the killings of Germanic pilgrims traveling", "title": "Persecution of Muslims" }, { "id": "338084", "text": "gender. By July 1796, the estimated Vendean dead numbered between 117,000 and 500,000, out of a population of around 800,000. Some historians call these mass killings the first modern genocide, specifically because intent to exterminate the Catholic Vendeans was clearly stated, though others have rejected these claims. Beginning in the late 17th century, Christianity was banned for at least a century in China by the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty after the Pope forbade Chinese Catholics from venerating their relatives or Confucius. During the Boxer Rebellion, Muslim unit Kansu Braves serving in the Chinese army attacked Christians. During the", "title": "Persecution of Christians" }, { "id": "8096527", "text": "844 the persecution moved into a second phase the objective of which was the extermination rather than the reformation of Buddhism. According to the report prepared by the Board of Worship, there were 4,600 monasteries, 40,000 hermitages (places of retreat), 260,500 monks and nuns. The emperor issued edicts that Buddhist temples and shrines be destroyed, that all monks (desirables as well as undesirables) be defrocked, that the property of the monasteries be confiscated, and that Buddhist paraphernalia be destroyed. An edict providing that foreign monks be defrocked and returned to their homelands resulted in Ennin's expulsion from China. By the", "title": "Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution" }, { "id": "1244802", "text": "The NKVD attacked the supporters, friends, and family of these \"heretical\" Marxists, whether they lived in Russia or not. The NKVD nearly annihilated Trotsky's family before killing him in Mexico; the NKVD agent Ramón Mercader was part of an assassination task force put together by Special Agent Pavel Sudoplatov, under the personal orders of Stalin. In 1934, Stalin used the murder of Sergey Kirov as a pretext to launch the Great Purge, in which about a million people perished (see ). Some later historians came to believe that Stalin arranged the murder, or at least that there was sufficient evidence", "title": "Great Purge" }, { "id": "4311002", "text": "Rhineland massacres The Rhineland massacres, also known as the persecutions of 1096 or Gzerot Tatnó ( Hebrew for \"Edicts of 4856\"), were a series of mass murders of Jews perpetrated by mobs of German Christians of the People's Crusade in the year 1096, or 4856 according to the Jewish calendar. Prominent leaders of crusaders involved in the massacres included Peter the Hermit and especially Count Emicho. As part of this persecution, the destruction of Jewish communities in Speyer, Worms and Mainz were noted as the \"Hurban Shum\" (Destruction of Shum). These were new persecutions of the Jews in which peasant", "title": "Rhineland massacres" }, { "id": "338083", "text": "or deportation to French Guiana. The March 1793 conscription requiring Vendeans to fill their district's quota of 300,000 enraged the populace, who took up arms as \"The Catholic Army\", \"Royal\" being added later, and fought for \"above all the reopening of their parish churches with their former priests.\" With these massacres came formal orders for forced evacuation; also, a 'scorched earth' policy was initiated: farms were destroyed, crops and forests burned and villages razed. There were many reported atrocities and a campaign of mass killing universally targeted at residents of the Vendée regardless of combatant status, political affiliation, age or", "title": "Persecution of Christians" }, { "id": "5686336", "text": "and a half centuries. Their refusal to participate in Imperial cult was considered an act of treason and was thus punishable by execution. The most widespread official persecution was carried out by Diocletian. During the Great Persecution (303–311), the emperor ordered Christian buildings and the homes of Christians torn down and their sacred books collected and burned. Christians were arrested, tortured, mutilated, burned, starved, and condemned to gladiatorial contests to amuse spectators. The Great Persecution officially ended in April 311, when Galerius, senior emperor of the Tetrarchy, issued an edict of toleration, which granted Christians the right to practice their", "title": "Constantine the Great and Christianity" }, { "id": "20565571", "text": "Waffen-SS men did the shooting. The killing activities of both the \"Einsatzgruppen\" detachments and the Police Regiment South slowed down the farther the Wehrmacht advanced, as more Jews were able to escape east and the density of the pre-war Jewish population was lower in Eastern Ukraine. Nonetheless, the murder operations continued, targeting Jews, communists and \"suspicious elements\". In July 1942, the regiment was redesignated as the 10th Police Regiment. The Order Police as a whole had not been declared a criminal organisation by the Allies, unlike the SS. Its members were able to reintegrate into society largely unmolested, with many", "title": "Police Battalion 303" }, { "id": "338046", "text": "procuratorship began (before 41 they were Prefects in Iudaea Province) and those leaders maintained a neutral peace, until the procurator Festus died and the high priest Annas II took advantage of the power vacuum to attack the Church and executed James the Just, then leader of Jerusalem's Christians. The New Testament states that Paul was himself imprisoned on several occasions by Roman authorities, stoned by Pharisees and left for dead on one occasion, and was eventually taken as a prisoner to Rome. Peter and other early Christians were also imprisoned, beaten and harassed. The great Jewish revolt, spurred by the", "title": "Persecution of Christians" }, { "id": "1244837", "text": "Finnish origin were executed and buried at Sandarmokh. 127 Finnish Canadians were also shot and buried there. During the late 1930s, Stalin dispatched NKVD operatives to the Mongolian People's Republic, established a Mongolian version of the NKVD troika, and proceeded to execute tens of thousands of people accused of having ties to \"pro-Japanese spy rings.\" Buddhist lamas made up the majority of victims, with 18,000 being killed in the terror. Other victims were nobility and political and academic figures, along with some ordinary workers and herders. Mass graves containing hundreds of executed Buddhist monks and civilians have been discovered as", "title": "Great Purge" }, { "id": "1244836", "text": "thousand of them were ethnic Poles. The remainder were 'suspected' of being Polish, without further inquiry. Victims of the terror included American immigrants to the Soviet Union who had emigrated at the height of the Great Depression to find work. At the height of the Terror, American immigrants besieged the US embassy, begging for passports so they could leave the Soviet Union. They were turned away by embassy officials, only to be arrested on the pavement outside by lurking NKVD agents. Many were subsequently shot dead at Butovo Field near Scherbinka, south of Moscow. In addition, 141 American Communists of", "title": "Great Purge" }, { "id": "338188", "text": "active in the field of evangelization according to the testimonies of beneficiaries of its services. On 4 March 2016, an incident named Mother Teresa's Massacre in Aden occurred, 16 were killed including 4 Indian Catholic nuns, 2 from Rwanda, and the rest were from India and Kenya, along with a YemenI, 2 Guards, a cook, 5 Ethiopian women, and all of them were volunteers. One Indian priest named Tom Ozhonaniel was kidnapped. The identities of the attackers are unknown, and media outlets published a statement attributed to Ansar al-Sharia, one of the many jihadist organizations currently active in the country,", "title": "Persecution of Christians" }, { "id": "1244827", "text": "the \"kulak and criminal elements\" among the two categories are not clear. On 30 July 1937 the NKVD Order no. 00447 was issued, directed against \"ex-kulaks\" and other \"anti-Soviet elements\" (such as former officials of the Tsarist regime, former members of political parties other than the communist party, etc.). They were to be executed or sent to Gulag prison camps extrajudicially, under the decisions of NKVD troikas. The following categories were systematically tracked down: \"ex-kulaks\" previously deported to \"special settlements\" in inhospitable parts of the country (Siberia, Urals, Kazakhstan, Far North), former tsarist civil servants, former officers of the White", "title": "Great Purge" }, { "id": "5990915", "text": "produced martyrs even in the years immediately prior to the Great Persecution. In 298, Maximilian, a soldier in Tebessa, had been tried for refusing to follow military discipline; in Mauretania, again in 298, the soldier Marcellus refused his army bonus and took off his uniform in public. Once persecutions began, public authorities were eager to assert their authority. Anullinus, proconsul of Africa, expanded on the edict, deciding that, in addition to the destruction the Christians' scriptures and churches, the government should compel Christians to sacrifice to the gods. Governor Valerius Florus enforced the same policy in Numidia during the summer", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "19365473", "text": "303, Emperor Diocletian had given the order for the extermination of Christians in what would be the last of the great persecution against Christianity in the Roman Empire. He was taken prisoner by Maximus, and after suffering various tortures, was beheaded in 304 on the site called Castrum Octavianum. He was buried in a Christian graveyard, the same place where he was executed, Juliana and Semproniana had previously been baptized; who were then also martyred for having attended the ceremony of Christian burial of Sant Cugat. In the place, they built the monastery of Sant Cugat. The white and silver", "title": "Casket of Saint Cugat" }, { "id": "5990917", "text": "in 304. The Christians from Abitinae had been brought to the city and imprisoned. Friends and relatives of the prisoners came to visit, but encountered resistance from a local mob. The group was harassed, beaten, and whipped; the food they had brought for their imprisoned friends was scattered on the ground. The mob had been sent by Mensurius, the bishop of the city, and Caecilian, his deacon, for reasons that remain obscure. In 311, Caecilian was elected bishop of Carthage. His opponents charged that his \"traditio\" made him unworthy of the office, and declared itself for another candidate, Majorinus. Many", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "5990935", "text": "to the sea for conversing with Christians attending trial and refusing sacrifice; the Christians in court, meanwhile, he sent to Phaeno. On a single day, November 2, 307, Urbanus sentenced a man named Domninus to be burned alive, three youths to fight as gladiators, and a priest to be exposed to a beast. On the same day, he ordered some young men to be castrated, sent three virgins to brothels, and imprisoned a number of others, including Pamphilus of Caesarea, a priest, scholar, and defender of the theologian Origen. Soon after, and for unknown reasons, Urbanus was stripped of his", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "7831634", "text": "Rintfleisch massacres The Rintfleisch or Rindfleisch movement was a series of massacres against Jews in the year 1298. The event, in later terminology a pogrom, was the first large-scale persecution in Germany since the First Crusade. It was set in the Franconian region during the civil strife between the elected King of the Romans, Count Adolf of Nassau, and his Habsburg rival Duke Albert of Austria, when Imperial authority, traditionally concerned with the protection of the Jews, had temporarily collapsed. Already in 1287 the death of Werner of Oberwesel in the Rhineland had been blamed on Jews and about 500", "title": "Rintfleisch massacres" }, { "id": "14307940", "text": "to Catholic priests in Beijing detailing the persecution and pleading with the Qing dynasty to intervene on behalf of Catholics in Joseon, with Western ships if necessary. The letter was intercepted en route, and Hwang was executed on December 10 (the 5th of 11th lunar month). At the conclusion of the persecution over 300 Catholics had been executed. Catholic Persecution of 1801 The Catholic Persecution of 1801, also known as the Sinyu Persecution (신유박해, 辛酉迫害), was a mass persecution of Korean Catholics ordered by Queen Jeongsun during King Sunjo of Joseon's reign. Beginning on 8 April 1801, the move was", "title": "Catholic Persecution of 1801" }, { "id": "344312", "text": "often under the authority of local officials. The first persecution by an emperor occurred under Nero, and was confined to the city of Rome. Tacitus reports that after the Great Fire of Rome in AD 64, some among the population held Nero responsible and that the emperor attempted to deflect blame onto the Christians. After Nero, a major persecution occurred under the emperor Domitian and a persecution in 177 took place at Lugdunum, the Gallo-Roman religious capital. A surviving letter from Pliny the Younger, governor of Bythinia, to the emperor Trajan describes his persecution and executions of Christians. The Decian", "title": "Roman Empire" }, { "id": "20565566", "text": "Police Battalion 303 The Police Battalion 303 (\"Polizeibattalion 303\") was a formation of the German Order Police (uniformed police) during the Nazi era. During Operation Barbarossa, it was subordinated to the SS and deployed in German-occupied areas, specifically the Army Group Centre Rear Area, of the Soviet Union, as part of Police Regiment South. Alongside detachments from the \"Einsatzgruppen\" of the SD and the 1st SS Infantry Brigade of the Waffen-SS, it perpetrated mass murder in the Holocaust and was responsible for large-scale crimes against humanity targeting civilian populations. The German Order Police (Orpo) was a key instrument of the", "title": "Police Battalion 303" }, { "id": "281938", "text": "Munich massacre The Munich massacre was an attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, in which the Palestinian terrorist group Black September took eleven Israeli Olympic team members hostage and killed them along with a West German police officer. Shortly after the crisis began, a Black September spokesman demanded that 234 Palestinian prisoners jailed in Israel and the West German–held founders of the Red Army Faction, Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof, be released. Black September called the operation \"\"Iqrit and Biram\"\", after two Palestinian Christian villages whose inhabitants were expelled by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during", "title": "Munich massacre" }, { "id": "14720870", "text": "Hill 303 massacre The Hill 303 massacre () was a war crime that took place during the opening days of the Korean War on August 17, 1950, on a hill above Waegwan, South Korea. Forty-one United States Army prisoners of war were shot and killed by troops of the North Korean army during one of the numerous smaller engagements of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter. Operating near Taegu during the Battle of Taegu, elements of the U.S. Army's 2nd Battalion, 5th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division were surrounded by North Korean troops crossing the Naktong River at Hill 303. Most", "title": "Hill 303 massacre" }, { "id": "10213591", "text": "consequence of an edict by the emperor Decius. This edict was in force for eighteen months, during which time some Christians were killed while others apostatised to escape execution. These persecutions heavily influenced the development of Christianity, shaping Christian theology and the structure of the Church. The effects of the persecutions included the writing of explanations and defenses of the Christian religion. Persecution of the early church had occurred sporadically and in localised areas since its beginning. The first persecution of Christians organised by the Roman government took place under the emperor Nero in 64 AD after the Great Fire", "title": "Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire" }, { "id": "8492013", "text": "of the Church. In 293 Constantius Chlorus, former Praetorian prefect, was appointed Caesar to Maximian. After his Mauretanian campaign, Maximian, in 299, returned to the north of Italy, living a life of leisure in palaces in Milan and Aquilea, and leaving warfare to his subordinate Constantius. In 303, Diocletian (284-305) and the tetrarchy launched the last and bloodiest persecution, the enforcement of religious conformity being part of his program to restore stability and unity in the wake of the Crisis of the Third Century. The campaign was avidly pursued by Galerius, who noticed that Constantius was well-disposed towards the Christians,", "title": "Peace of the Church" }, { "id": "862336", "text": "continued until Joseph Smith's First Vision in 1820. To Latter-day Saints, the Great Apostasy is marked by: Beginning in the 1st century and continuing up to the 4th century AD the various emperors of the Roman Empire carried out violent persecutions against early Christians. Apostles, bishops, disciples and other leaders and followers of Jesus who would not compromise their faith were persecuted and martyred. The LDS Church declares that all Priesthood leaders with authority to conduct and perpetuate church affairs were either martyred, taken from the earth, or began to teach impure doctrines, causing a break in the necessary apostolic", "title": "Great Apostasy" }, { "id": "7930775", "text": "Felix and Adauctus Felix and Adauctus ( 303) were legendary Christian martyrs who were said to have suffered during the Great Persecution during the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian. The \"Acts\", first published in Ado's \"Martyrology\", relate as follows: Felix, a Roman priest, and brother of another priest, also named Felix, being ordered to offer sacrifice to the gods, was brought by the prefect Dracus to the temples of Serapis, Mercury, and Diana. But at the prayer of the saint the idols fell shattered to the ground. He was then led to execution. On the way an unknown person", "title": "Felix and Adauctus" }, { "id": "1496801", "text": "people were executed for heresy or blasphemy during the reign of Elizabeth I, and two more in 1612 under James I. Similarly, heretical sects like Cathars, Waldensians and Lollards were brutally suppressed in western Europe, while, at the same time, Catholic Christians lived side-by-side with 'schismatic' Orthodox Christians after the East-West Schism in the borderland of eastern Europe. The Bishop of Vladimir Feodor turned some people into slaves, others were locked in prison, cut their heads, burnt eyes, cut tongues or crucified on walls. Some heretics were executed by burning them alive. According to an inscription of Khan Mengual-Temir, Metropolitan", "title": "Religious persecution" }, { "id": "16116012", "text": "Hakkari Emeer, Ismael Pasha, Badr Khan Beg, and Tatar Khan Agha, the chief of the Artushi Coords, combined against us, and on the great feast of the Ascension made a sudden irruption [sic] into our territory, carried off an immense booty in sheep belonging to Melek Ismaeel and other of our people, murdered a number of men, women, and children, cut off their ears and sent them to Bedr Khan Beg. Moreover, we learn that they are preparing for a second onslaught, when they intend to burn, kill, destroy, and if possible, exterminate the Christian race from the mountains. From", "title": "1843 and 1846 massacres in Hakkari" }, { "id": "4822568", "text": "(Karachi), who had gone there to purchase some Indian female slaves and rich goods. Hajjaj mobilised an expedition of 6,000 cavalry under Muhammad bin-Qasim in 712 CE. Records from the campaign recorded in the Chach Nama record temple demolitions, and mass executions of resisting Sindhi forces and the enslavement of their dependents. The raids attacked the kingdoms ruled by Hindu and Buddhist kings, wealth plundered, tribute (kharaj) settled and hostages taken. Numerous Hindu Jats were captured as prisoners of war by the Muslim army and moved to Iraq and elsewhere as slaves. Parts of India have historically been subject to", "title": "Persecution of Hindus" }, { "id": "15757903", "text": "to suppress black Republican voting during Reconstruction. Beattie ordered the paramilitary to close the entrances to the city on the morning of November 22 and stand guard. The strikers resisted being boxed in and fired on two of the pickets, injuring both. The committee and other white vigilantes immediately started to round up and kill black workers and their families, starting three days of violence against mostly unarmed blacks. They targeted known and suspected Knights of Labor organizers. The blacks were murdered in town and where they tried to hide in the surroundings woods and swamps. Bodies were sometimes left", "title": "Thibodaux massacre" }, { "id": "8373469", "text": "Great Clearance The Great Clearance, also translated as the Great Evacuation or Great Frontier Shift, refers to two edicts by the Kangxi Emperor of Qing (1661–1722), and his regent Oboi, in 1661 and 1662. It required the evacuation of the coastal areas of Guangdong in order to fight the Taiwan-based anti-Qing loyalist movement of the erstwhile Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Other provinces in southern China, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian, as well as Shandong in the north, were also affected to varying degrees. The ban on human settlement of those coastal areas was lifted in 1669, and some residents were allowed", "title": "Great Clearance" }, { "id": "11575891", "text": "Assassination of Julius Caesar The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus. They stabbed Caesar (23 times) to death in a location adjacent to the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March 15 March 44 BC. Caesar was the Dictator of the Roman Republic, having recently been declared \"dictator perpetuo\" by the Senate of the Roman Republic. This declaration made many senators fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favor of totalitarianism, as well as the fear", "title": "Assassination of Julius Caesar" }, { "id": "1244793", "text": "Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938. It involved a large-scale purge of the Communist Party and government officials, repression of wealthy landlords and the Red Army leadership, widespread police surveillance, suspicion of saboteurs, counter-revolutionaries, imprisonment, and arbitrary executions. In Russian historiography, the period of the most intense purge, 1937–1938, is called Yezhovshchina (literally, \"Yezhov phenomenon\", commonly translated as \"times of Yezhov\" or \"doings of Yezhov\"), after Nikolai Yezhov, the head of the Soviet secret police, the NKVD, who was executed a", "title": "Great Purge" }, { "id": "4250424", "text": "Jews from places in Yemen to the arid coastal plain of Tihamah and which became known as the Mawza Exile. The Damascus affair occurred in 1840 when a French monk and his servant disappeared in Damascus. Immediately following, a charge of ritual murder was brought against a large number of Jews in the city including children who were tortured. The consuls of the United Kingdom, France and Germany as well as Ottoman authorities, Christians, Muslims and Jews all played a great role in this affair. Following the Damascus affair, Pogroms spread through the Middle East and North Africa. Pogroms occurred", "title": "Persecution of Jews" }, { "id": "5990942", "text": "made no provisions for Christian assembly, nor did he suggest that Christians build more churches. Maximinus issued orders in Autumn 311 forbidding Christians to congregate in cemeteries. After issuing these orders, he was approached by embassies from cities within his domain, demanding he begin a general persecution. Lactantius and Eusebius state that these petitions were not voluntary, but had been made at Maximinus's behest. Maximinus began persecuting Church leaders before the end of 311. Peter of Alexandria was beheaded on November 26, 311. Lucian of Antioch was executed in Nicomedia on January 7, 312. According to Eusebius, many Egyptian bishops", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "338058", "text": "century. The Great Persecution is considered the largest. Beginning with a series of four edicts banning Christian practices and ordering the imprisonment of Christian clergy, the persecution intensified until all Christians in the empire were commanded to sacrifice to the Roman gods or face immediate execution. According to legend,one of the martyrs during the Diocletian persecution was Saint George, a Roman soldier who loudly renounced the Emperor's edict, and in front of his fellow soldiers and tribunes claimed to be a Christian by declaring his worship of Jesus Christ. Though Diocletian zealously persecuted Christians in the Eastern part of the", "title": "Persecution of Christians" }, { "id": "17114847", "text": "Gothic persecution of Christians Two main outbreaks of persecution of Christians by the 4th-century Gothic authorities are recorded, in 347/8 under Aoric (according to Auxentius of Durostorum) and between 367 and 378 under Aoric's son, the \"iudex\" (\"kindins\") Athanaric. The persecution of Christians under Athanaric shows that Christians were still a minority among the Tervingi in the 370s, but that they had become numerous enough to be considered a threat to Gothic culture. It is remarkable that Athanaric did not persecute Christians in general, but specifically converted \"Goths\", while Christian foreigners were left alone. Athanaric's motive was thus the protection", "title": "Gothic persecution of Christians" }, { "id": "6809332", "text": "20 people and wounding 29. Rather than quell the uprising, these actions infuriated the strikers, who retaliated and forced the militia to take refuge in a railroad roundhouse. Strikers set fires that razed 39 buildings and destroyed rolling stock: 104 locomotives and 1,245 freight and passenger cars. On July 22, the militia mounted an assault on the strikers, shooting their way out of the roundhouse and killing 20 more people on their way out of the city. After more than a month of rioting and bloodshed in Pittsburgh, President Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops as in West Virginia", "title": "Great Railroad Strike of 1877" }, { "id": "20565572", "text": "returning to police careers in Austria and West Germany. Police Battalion 303 The Police Battalion 303 (\"Polizeibattalion 303\") was a formation of the German Order Police (uniformed police) during the Nazi era. During Operation Barbarossa, it was subordinated to the SS and deployed in German-occupied areas, specifically the Army Group Centre Rear Area, of the Soviet Union, as part of Police Regiment South. Alongside detachments from the \"Einsatzgruppen\" of the SD and the 1st SS Infantry Brigade of the Waffen-SS, it perpetrated mass murder in the Holocaust and was responsible for large-scale crimes against humanity targeting civilian populations. The German", "title": "Police Battalion 303" }, { "id": "17114849", "text": "of 308 people died in the fire, of which only 21 are known by name. This happened in or close to the year 375. A few years later, during the reign of Valentinian and Theodosius (383–392), \"Gaatha\", the widow of a peer of Winguric's, and her daughter \"Dulcilla\" (or \"Duclida, Duklida\") gathered the remains of twenty-six martyrs and with he help of some priests and a layman named Thyellas transferred them to Cyzicus. The martyrs who died under Athanaric's persecution known by name are three clerics and 18 laypeople (11 men, 7 women). To this are added the four children", "title": "Gothic persecution of Christians" }, { "id": "5990860", "text": "were carried out under the authority of local government officials. At Bithynia–Pontus in 111, it was the imperial governor, Pliny; at Smyrna in 156 and Scilli near Carthage in 180, it was the proconsul; at Lyon in 177, it was the provincial governor. When Emperor Nero executed Christians for their alleged involvement in the fire of 64, it was a purely local affair; it did not spread beyond the city limits of Rome. These early persecutions were certainly violent, but they were sporadic, brief and limited in extent. They were of limited threat to Christianity as a whole. The very", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "1244798", "text": "range. The Great Purge began under NKVD chief Genrikh Yagoda, but reached its peak between September 1936 and August 1938 under the leadership of Nikolai Yezhov, hence the name \"Yezhovshchina\". The campaigns were carried out according to the general line, often by direct orders of the Party Politburo headed by Stalin. From 1930 onwards, the Party and police officials feared the \"social disorder\" caused by the upheavals of forced collectivization of peasants and the resulting famine of 1932–1933, as well as the massive and uncontrolled migration of millions of peasants into cities. The threat of war heightened Stalin's perception of", "title": "Great Purge" }, { "id": "338052", "text": "written in defense of persecuted Christians and was addressed to Roman governors. Trajan's policy towards Christians was no different from the treatment of other sects, that is, they would only be punished if they refused to worship the emperor and the gods, but they were not to be sought out. The \"edict of Septimius Severus\" touted in the Augustan History is considered unreliable by historians. According to Eusebius, the Imperial household of Maximinus' predecessor, Alexander, had contained many Christians. Eusebius states that, hating his predecessor's household, Maximinus ordered that the leaders of the churches should be put to death. According", "title": "Persecution of Christians" }, { "id": "9752477", "text": "in a barn that was their church. Some of the duke's party attempted to push their way inside and were repulsed. Events escalated, stones began to fly, and the Duke was struck. Outraged, he ordered his men to fortify the town and set fire to the church, killing 63 unarmed Huguenots and wounding over a hundred. The massacre provoked open hostilities between some followers of each religion, sparking the first war of a long series of French Wars of Religion, which continued largely uninterrupted for more than a century. The Bourbons, led by the Prince of Condé, and proclaiming that", "title": "Massacre of Wassy" }, { "id": "338072", "text": "chapter entitled \"Al-Burooj\" (zodiacal constellation). In the 4th century, the Terving king Athanaric in ca. 375 ordered a persecution of Christians. Several months after the Persian conquest in AD 614, a riot occurred in Jerusalem, and the Jewish governor of Jerusalem Nehemiah was killed by a band of young Christians along with his \"council of the righteous\" while making plans for the building of the Third Temple. At this time the Christians had allied themselves with the Eastern Roman Empire. Shortly, the events escalated into a full-scale Christian rebellion, resulting in a battle of Jews and Christians inside Jerusalem. In", "title": "Persecution of Christians" }, { "id": "10888999", "text": "defaced by the successors of Umur, and there was great persecution all around. The most deadly persecution occurred during the time of the Fatamid Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (1007–1009), named the \"Nero of Egypt\" for his merciless acts. He persecuted ferociously both Christians and Jews. He ordered that in public Jews were to wear masks representing the head of an ox and bells around their necks; Christians were to wear mourning apparel and crosses one yard in length. Also, Al-Hakim ordered the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. In the 11th century, the Caliph Ali az-Zahir, under a treaty", "title": "Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre" }, { "id": "5990862", "text": "refinement and birth.\" Official reaction grew firmer. In 202, according to the \"Historia Augusta\", a 4th-century history of dubious reliability, Septimius Severus (\"r\". 193–211) issued a general rescript forbidding conversion to either Judaism or Christianity. Maximin (\"r\". 235–38) targeted Christian leaders. Decius (\"r\". 249–51), demanding a show of support for the faith, proclaimed that all inhabitants of the empire must sacrifice to the gods, eat sacrificial meat, and testify to these acts. Christians were obstinate in their non-compliance. Church leaders, like Fabian, bishop of Rome, and Babylas, bishop of Antioch, were arrested, tried and executed, as were certain members of", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "4111615", "text": "Indian activity. In response, in September 1781, Wyandots and Delawares from Sandusky forcibly removed the Christian Delawares and the missionaries to a new village (Captive Town) on the Sandusky River. In March 1782, 160 Pennsylvania militiamen under Lieutenant Colonel David Williamson rode into the Ohio Country, hoping to find the Indian warriors who were responsible for ongoing raids against Pennsylvania settlers. Enraged by the gruesome murder by Indians of a white woman and her baby, Williamson's men detained about 100 Christian Delawares at the village of Gnadenhütten. The Christian Delawares had returned to Gnadenhütten from Captive Town in order to", "title": "Western theater of the American Revolutionary War" }, { "id": "14193604", "text": "BVC Lt. Harry Picton. The slaying of Floris Visser was in retaliation for the combat death of Morant's close friend, BVC Captain Percy Frederik Hunt, at Duivelskloof on 6 August 1901. 4. The shooting, ordered by Capt. Taylor and Lt. Morant, of four surrendered Afrikaners and four Dutch schoolteachers, who had been captured at the Elim Hospital in Valdezia, on the morning of 23 August 1901. The firing squad consisted of BVC Lt. George Witton, Sgt. D.C. Oldham, and Troopers J.T. Arnold, Edward Brown, T. Dale, and A. Heath. Although Trooper Cochrane's letter made no mention of the fact, three", "title": "British war crimes" }, { "id": "3722752", "text": "the successors of Umur, and there was great persecution all around. The most deadly persecution occurred during the time of the Fatamid Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (1007–1009), a schizophrenic, named the \"Nero of Egypt\" for his merciless acts. He persecuted ferociously both Christians and Jews. He ordered that in public Jews were to wear masks representing the head of an ox and bells around their necks; Christians were to wear mourning apparel and crosses one yard in length. Also, Al-Hakim ordered the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. In the eleventh century, the Caliph Ali az-Zahir, under a treaty", "title": "Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "1244863", "text": "and 1871 had failed because their leaders hadn't adequately anticipated the ferocity of the counter-revolutionary reaction from the establishment. They were determined not to make the same mistake. Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938. It involved a large-scale purge of the Communist Party and government officials, repression of wealthy landlords and the Red Army leadership, widespread police surveillance, suspicion of saboteurs, counter-revolutionaries, imprisonment, and arbitrary executions. In Russian historiography, the period of the most intense purge, 1937–1938, is called Yezhovshchina (literally,", "title": "Great Purge" }, { "id": "6193469", "text": "Henry Pollicut, a corrupt Utahn banker and justice of the peace, has a man named Gordon and his wife murdered by two bounty killers. To prevent Gordon's son from giving them away, one of the killers slices the boy's throat, rendering him permanently mute. Years later, in 1898, a severe blizzard has swept the frontier, bringing privation to the town of Snow Hill. As a result, much of the community is forced to steal in order to survive. Pollicut, seeking to make a profit, places prices on the thieves' heads, attracting the attention of a bounty killer gang led by", "title": "The Great Silence" }, { "id": "19621345", "text": "Amid the winter snow. Who murdered kingly Shane O'Neill? Who poisoned Owen Roe? Who struck Red Hugh O'Neill down? Who filled our land with woe By night and day - a thousand times, In twice four hundred years - Till every bade of Irish grass Was wet with blood and tears Who spiked the heads of Irish priests On Dublin Castle's gate? Who butchered helpless Irish babes, A lust for blood to sate? Who outraged Irish maidenhood, And tortured aged sires, And spread from Clare to Donegal The glare of midnight fires? Who scourged our land in 'Ninety-Eight, Spread torment", "title": "Who Is Ireland's Enemy?" }, { "id": "4311006", "text": "are all viewed \"in the traditional terms of governmental outlawry rather than unbridled popular attacks.\" Also many movements against Jews (such as forced conversions by King Robert the Pious of France, Richard II, Duke of Normandy, and Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor around 1007–1012) had been quashed either by Roman Catholicism's papacy or its bishops. The passions aroused in the Catholic populace by Urban II's call for the first crusade moved persecution of Jews into a new chapter in history where these previous constraints no longer held. The extent of the era's antisemitism is apparent in Godfrey of Bouillon, who", "title": "Rhineland massacres" }, { "id": "1648252", "text": "7,000 impis were sent out and immediately attacked Voortrekker encampments in the Drakensberg foothills at what later was called Blaauwkrans and Weenen leading to the Weenen massacre in which 282 Voortrekkers, of whom 185 children were killed. In contrast to earlier conflicts with the Xhosa on the eastern Cape frontier, the Zulu killed the women and children along with the men, wiping out half of the Natal contingent of Voortrekkers. The Voortrekkers retaliated with a 347-strong punitive raid against the Zulu (later known as the Flight Commando), supported by new arrivals from the Orange Free State. They were roundly defeated", "title": "Great Trek" }, { "id": "5990853", "text": "immediate reversal of imperial inattention to Christianity, but it did herald a gradual shift in official attitudes toward religious minorities. In the first fifteen years of his rule, Diocletian purged the army of Christians, condemned Manicheans to death, and surrounded himself with public opponents of Christianity. Diocletian's preference for activist government, combined with his self-image as a restorer of past Roman glory, foreboded the most pervasive persecution in Roman history. In the winter of 302, Galerius urged Diocletian to begin a general persecution of the Christians. Diocletian was wary, and asked the oracle of Apollo for guidance. The oracle's reply", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "2437294", "text": "the raiders decided to send one force against Alden's headquarters and another against the fort. Butler extracted promises from the Indians in the party that they would not harm noncombatants in a council held that night. The attack began early on the morning of November 11. Some overeager Indians spoiled the surprise by firing on settlers cutting wood nearby. One of them escaped, raising the alarm. Little Beard led some of the Senecas to surround the Wells house, while the main body surrounded the fort. The attackers killed at least sixteen officers and troops of the quarters guards, including Alden,", "title": "Cherry Valley massacre" }, { "id": "4311011", "text": "of knights and peasants, inspired by the preaching of the Crusade, set off from various parts of France (Cologne) and Germany (Worms). The crusade of the priest Folkmar, beginning in Saxony, persecuted Jews in Magdeburg and later, on May 30, 1096 in Prague in Bohemia. The Catholic Bishop Cosmas attempted to prevent forced conversions, and the entire Catholic hierarchy in Bohemia preached against such acts. Duke Břetislav II was out of the country and the Catholic Church's officials' protests were unable to stop the mob of crusaders. The hierarchy of the Catholic Church as a whole condemned the persecution of", "title": "Rhineland massacres" }, { "id": "5990896", "text": "forced upon it. Eusebius writes that the edict netted so many priests that ordinary criminals were crowded out, and had to be released. In anticipation of the upcoming twentieth anniversary of his reign on November 20, 303, Diocletian declared a general amnesty in a third edict. Any imprisoned clergyman could now be freed, so long as he agreed to make a sacrifice to the gods. Diocletian may have been searching for some good publicity with this legislation. He may also have sought to fracture the Christian community by publicizing the fact that its clergy had apostatized. The demand to sacrifice", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "4869074", "text": "Indian affairs. His \"astonishing influence over their minds\" raised suspicions that he was inciting hostility toward the Protestant British, whom he considered heretics. During King William's War, on July 18, 1694, French soldier Claude-Sébastien de Villieu with about 250 Abenakis from Norridgewock under command of their sagamore (paramount chief), Bomazeen (or Bomoseen) raided the English settlement of Durham, New Hampshire, in the \"Oyster River Massacre\". The French and Abenakis killed 45 English settlers and took 49 more captive, burning half of the village, including five garrisons. They destroyed the crops and killed all of the livestock, causing famine and destitution", "title": "Norridgewock" }, { "id": "19453434", "text": "could reach the village, they were slain by Druze rebels commanded by a niece of Sheikh Shibli al-Atrash. A subsequent punitive campaign by the Ottoman authorities inflicted heavy losses on the Druze inhabitants and rebels, who largely fled their villages to the Lejah, a deserted volcanic plain bordering the Jabal. The revolt came to an end by early 1897. Syria came under French rule in 1920 and in the summer of 1925, the Druze of Jabal al-Arab initiated the Great Syrian Revolt (1925–1927) against the French. The revolt's first shots occurred at Urman when Sultan Pasha al-Atrash and 250 of", "title": "Urman, Syria" }, { "id": "9146410", "text": "number of major, international terrorist attacks, including the Lod Airport massacre and the Munich Olympics Massacre in 1972, and the Entebbe Hostage Taking in 1976, with over 100 Jewish hostages of different nationalities kidnapped and held in Uganda. In December 1987, the First Intifada began. The First Intifada was a mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule in the Palestinian territories. The rebellion began in the Jabalia refugee camp and quickly spread throughout Gaza and the West Bank. Palestinian actions ranged from civil disobedience to violence. In addition to general strikes, boycotts on Israeli products, graffiti and barricades, Palestinian demonstrations that", "title": "Arab–Israeli conflict" }, { "id": "5990930", "text": "\"how could one number the multitude of martyrs in each province, and especially those in Africa and Mauretania, and in Thebaid and Egypt?\" Since no one below the status of governor held the legal power to enforce capital punishment, most recalcitrant Christians would have been sent to Caesarea to await punishment. The first martyr, Procopius, was sent to Caesarea from Scythopolis (Beit She'an, Israel), where he had been a reader and an exorcist. He was brought before the governor on June 7, 303, and asked to sacrifice to the gods, and to pour a libation for the emperors. Procopius responded", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "9892821", "text": "Battle of Vimory The Battle of Vimory occurred on 26 October 1587 between the French royal (Catholic) forces of King Henry III of France commanded by Henry of Guise and German and Swiss mercenaires commanded by Fabien I, Burgrave of Dohna and William-Robert de la Marck, Duke of Bouillon who were hired to assist Henry of Navarre's Huguenot forces during the eighth and final war (1585-1598) of the French Wars of Religion. The Protestant mercenaries were funded by Elizabeth I of England and the King of Denmark. After having pillaged the Lorraine region, they arrived in Burgundy and entered into", "title": "Battle of Vimory" }, { "id": "4311005", "text": "assuming the debt, the crusaders rationalized the killing of Jews as an extension of their Catholic mission. There had not been so broad a movement against Jews by Catholics since the seventh century's mass expulsions and forced conversions. While there had been a number of regional persecutions of Jews by Catholics, such as the one in Metz in 888, a plot against Jews in Limoges in 992, a wave of anti-Jewish persecution by Christian millenarian movements (which believed that Jesus was immediately to descend from Heaven) in the year 1000, and the threat of expulsion from Trier in 1066; these", "title": "Rhineland massacres" }, { "id": "1244830", "text": "and stubborn anti-Soviet elements\" in Gulag prison camps; they were all \"to be put into the first category\" – that is shot. Order no. 00447 decreed 10,000 executions for this contingent, but at least three times more were shot in the course of the secret mass operation, the majority in March–April 1938 (Junge and Binner, 2003). As soon as the Kulak Operation was launched (5 August 1937), regional party and NKVD bosses, eager to show their zeal, demanded an increase in the quotas. Accordingly, the quotas were increased. But this was not only the result of demands from below. The", "title": "Great Purge" }, { "id": "10780517", "text": "Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India, occurred as a result of a suicide bombing in Sriperumbudur, near Chennai, in Tamil Nadu, India on Tuesday, 21 May 1991. At least 14 others were also killed. It was carried out by Thenmozhi Rajaratnam, also known as Dhanu, member of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a militant organization from Sri Lanka; at the time India had just ended its involvement, through the Indian Peace Keeping Force, in the Sri Lankan Civil War. Subsequent accusations of conspiracy have been addressed by two commissions of", "title": "Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi" }, { "id": "16364061", "text": "death toll in what became known as the “Guangzhou Massacre” possibly reaching nearly 200,000 casualties, according to Arab sources. The Chinese rebels led by Huang Chao slaughtered Jews, Muslim Arabs, Muslim Persians, Zoroastrians (a.k.a. Parsees or Mazdaists) and Christians when they seized and conquered, according to Arab writer Abu Zayd Hasan As-Sirafi. Huang Chao's army was in Guangzhou during 878–879. Mulberry groves were also ruined by Huang's army. According to Liu Xu (887–946), the lead editor of the \"Old Book of Tang\", one of the official histories of the preceding Tang dynasty, thousands of Arab and Persian traders were killed", "title": "Guangzhou massacre" }, { "id": "5990939", "text": "worked for a revival of pagan religion. He appointed high priests for each province, men who were to wear white robes and supervise daily worship of the gods. Maximinus demanded that vigorous restoration work be done on decaying temples within his domain. The next few months saw the worst extremes of the persecution. On December 13, 309, Firmilianus condemned some Egyptians arrested at Ascalon (Ashkelon, Israel) on their way to visit the confessors in Cilicia. Three were beheaded; the rest lost their left feet and right eyes. On January 10, 310, Peter and the bishop Asclepius from the dualist Christian", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "5645064", "text": "surrender as a disgrace. Many prisoners were also stricken with malaria. The film opens with the massacre of prisoners of war on Palawan by the Kempeitai, the Imperial Japanese military's secret police (though factually, it was committed by the Japanese Fourteenth Area Army). Meanwhile, at Lingayen Gulf, the 6th Ranger Battalion under Lt. Col Mucci is ordered by Lt. Gen. Walter Krueger to liberate all of the POWs at Cabanatuan prison camp before they are killed by the Japanese. The film chronicles the efforts of the Rangers, Alamo Scouts from the Sixth Army and Filipino guerrillas as they undertake the", "title": "The Great Raid" }, { "id": "14720891", "text": "what became of them. Before dawn on August 17, troops from both the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 5th Cavalry Regiment, supported by A Company of the 70th Tank Battalion, attacked Hill 303, but heavy North Korean mortar fire stopped them at the edge of Waegwan. During the morning, American artillery heavily bombarded the North Korean positions on the hill. Throughout the morning of August 17 the North Korean guards exchanged fire with U.S. troops attempting to rescue the prisoners. Around 12:00 the North Korean unit holding the Americans placed them in a gully on the hill with a", "title": "Hill 303 massacre" }, { "id": "1354116", "text": "victory, and killed the king and conquered all that land'. By tradition the leaders who slew the king were Ivar the Boneless and his brother Ubba. The Great Heathen Army went on to invade Wessex in late 870, where they were confronted by King Ethelred and his brother, the future King Alfred the Great. Edmund's body was buried in a wooden chapel near to where he was killed, but was later transferred to Beadoriceworth (modern Bury St Edmunds), where in 925 Athelstan founded a community devoted to a newly-developing cult. Thirty years after Edmund's death, he was venerated by the", "title": "Edmund the Martyr" }, { "id": "11731017", "text": "was shot dead in his office on the Night of the Long Knives of 30 June. His entire staff was sent to concentration camps. Church kindergartens were closed, crucifixes were removed from schools, the Catholic press was closed down and Catholic welfare programs were restricted on the basis they assisted the \"racially unfit\". Many German clergy were sent to the concentration camps for voicing opposition to the Nazi authorities, or in some regions simply because of their faith. Many Catholic laypeople also paid for their opposition with their lives. Over 300 monasteries and other institutions were expropriated by the SS.", "title": "Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII" }, { "id": "10230619", "text": "omen for attacking the colonists. Officials from the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies responded quickly to the attacks on Swansea; on June 28, they sent a punitive military expedition which destroyed the Wampanoag town at Mount Hope in Bristol, Rhode Island. The Indians waged attacks on settlements in Massachusetts and Connecticut, but Rhode Island was spared at the beginning, as the Narragansetts remained officially neutral. In October, the Indians struck again with raids on the towns of Hatfield, Northampton, and Springfield, where almost the entire settlement was burned to the ground. As winter set in, the attacks diminished. On November", "title": "Great Swamp Fight" }, { "id": "187795", "text": "of Christian worship under Emperors Constantine the Great and Licinius. According to the New Testament, Christians were subject to various persecutions from the beginning. This involved even death for Christians such as Stephen () and James, son of Zebedee (). Larger-scale persecutions followed at the hands of the authorities of the Roman Empire, beginning with the year 64, when, as reported by the Roman historian Tacitus, the Emperor Nero blamed them for that year's Great Fire of Rome. According to Church tradition, it was under Nero's persecution that Peter and Paul were each martyred in Rome. Similarly, several of the", "title": "History of Christianity" }, { "id": "3782572", "text": "was the world's first conviction for genocide, as defined by the 1948 Convention. Jean Kambanda, interim Prime Minister during the genocide, pleaded guilty. The Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, Ta Mok and other leaders, organized the mass killing of ideologically suspect groups, ethnic minorities such as ethnic Vietnamese, Chinese (or Sino-Khmers), Chams and Thais, former civil servants, former government soldiers, Buddhist monks, secular intellectuals and professionals, and former city dwellers. Khmer Rouge cadres defeated in factional struggles were also liquidated in purges. Man-made famine and slave labor resulted in many hundreds of thousands of deaths. Craig Etcheson suggested that", "title": "Genocides in history" }, { "id": "282000", "text": "an informant mistakenly said Bouchiki was Ali Hassan Salameh, the head of Force 17 and a Black September operative. Five Mossad agents, including two women, were captured by the Norwegian authorities, while others managed to slip away. The five were convicted of the killing and imprisoned, but were released and returned to Israel in 1975. The Mossad later found Ali Hassan Salameh in Beirut and killed him on 22 January 1979 with a remote-controlled car bomb. The attack killed four passersby and injured 18 others. According to CIA officer Duane \"Dewey\" Claridge, chief of operations of the CIA Near East", "title": "Munich massacre" }, { "id": "5990920", "text": "states that the bishop had indeed apostatized, but redeemed himself through martyrdom a few days afterward. What followed Marcellinus's act of \"traditio\", if it ever actually happened, is unclear. There appears to have been a break in the episcopal succession, however. Marcellinus seems to have died on October 25, 304, and (if he had apostatized) was probably expelled from the Church in early 303, but his successor, Marcellus, was not consecrated until either November or December 306. In the meantime, two factions diverged in the Roman Church, separating the lapsed, Christians who had complied with the edicts to ensure their", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "5990925", "text": "305, the year when Diocletian and Maximian abdicated and Constantius became Augustus, there were no more active persecutions in the West. Eusebius declares that the persecution lasted \"less than two years\". After a brief military standoff, Constantine confronted and defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge outside Rome on October 28, 312; Maxentius retreated to the Tiber river and drowned. Constantine entered the city the next day, but declined to take part in the traditional ascent up the Capitoline Hill to the Temple of Jupiter. Constantine's army had advanced on Rome under a Christian sign. It had become,", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "3521544", "text": "Autaritus, Gesco and 700 of his men had their arms and legs broken, their hands cut off, were castrated, and were thrown into a pit to die, according to Polybius. These atrocities were intended to prevent any possibility of a negotiated settlement, contributing to the \"most impious war in history.\" After the Battle of \"The Saw\" Spendius and Autaritus were captured and crucified. Matho was finally captured as well, and executed at Carthage after various tortures inflicted on him by a mob. Initially, a smaller mercenary revolt occurred on Sardinia, and the rebels took control of the island. When the", "title": "Mercenary War" }, { "id": "11072115", "text": "desecration, burning, or looting of churches in the quest to quench Iconophiles. It was followed by a campaign to remove images from the walls of churches and to purge the court and bureaucracy of Iconodules. Since monasteries tended to be strongholds of Iconophile sentiment, Constantine specifically targeted the monks, pairing them off and forcing them to marry nuns in the Hippodrome and expropriating monastic property for the benefit of the state or the army. The repressions against the monks (culminating in 766) were largely led by the emperor's general Michael Lachanodrakon, who threatened resistant monks with blinding and exile. An", "title": "Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty" }, { "id": "2401914", "text": "House, Fredericton. The leader of the Acadian militia on the St. John river, Joseph Godin-Bellefontaine, refused to swear an oath despite the Rangers torturing and killing his daughter and three of his grandchildren in front of him. The Rangers also took six prisoners. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign, also known as the Gaspee Expedition, British forces raided French villages along present-day New Brunswick and the Gaspé Peninsula coast of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Sir Charles Hardy and Brigadier-General James Wolfe commanded the naval and military forces, respectively. After the Siege of Louisbourg (1758), Wolfe and Hardy led", "title": "Expulsion of the Acadians" }, { "id": "4311015", "text": "Emperor Henry IV, absent in southern Italy, ordered the Jews to be protected when he learned of Emicho's intent. After some Jews were killed at Metz in May, John, Bishop of Speyer gave shelter to the Jewish inhabitants. Still 12 Jews of Speyer were slain by crusaders on May 3. The Bishop of Worms also attempted to shelter Jews, but the crusaders broke into his episcopal palace and killed the Jews inside on May 18. At least 800 Jews were massacred in Worms when they refused Catholic baptism. News of Emicho's crusade spread quickly, and he was prevented from entering", "title": "Rhineland massacres" }, { "id": "7249438", "text": "Tolerance was issued by Galerius in 311 AD, and a bishop by the name of Theophilas Gothiae was present at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. However, fighting between Pagan and Christian Goths continued throughout this period, and religious persecutions - echoing the Diocletianic Persecution (302-11 AD) - occurred frequently. The Christian Goths Wereka and Batwin and others were martyred by order of Wingurich ca. 370 AD, and Sabbas the Goth was martyred Gothic persecution of Christians in c. 372 AD. Even as late as 406, a Gothic king by the name of Radagaisus led a Pagan invasion", "title": "Gothic Christianity" }, { "id": "796767", "text": "six Israeli soldiers were killed, helped catalyze local Palestinians to rebel. Mass demonstrations had occurred a year earlier when, after two Gaza students at Birzeit University had been shot by Israeli soldiers on campus on 4 December 1986, the Israelis responded with harsh punitive measures, involving summary arrest, detention and systematic beatings of handcuffed Palestinian youths, ex-prisoners and activists, some 250 of whom were detained in four cells inside a converted army camp, known popularly as Ansar 11, outside Gaza city. A policy of deportation was introduced to intimidate activists in January 1987. Violence simmered as a schoolboy from Khan", "title": "First Intifada" }, { "id": "15552553", "text": "Beckurts was assassinated, along with his chauffeur Eckhard Groppler, on July 9, 1986 near Strasslach in Munich by a bombing at 07:32 am. The culprits used an electronically-triggered booby trap. The attackers claimed responsibility under the name \"commando Mara Cagol\" of the Red Army Faction (RAF). The true perpetrator is still unknown to this day. Horst Ludwig Meyer, the only suspect in this bombing called by the Federal Criminal Police Office was shot and killed by Vienna police in 1999. In April 1986, the Chernobyl disaster occurred in the former Soviet Union. It was the worst to date and most", "title": "Karl Heinz Beckurts" }, { "id": "17482820", "text": "and then exploded into violence when it was proven that phosphorus matches, which had made their first appearance in Dallas that summer, had not caused the fires. Three slaves were hung in Dallas, a hundred others whipped, and many free Northern Texans who had not already fled were murdered by vigilantes. Despite growing secessionism in Texas, Cooke County increasingly cast its lot against the incumbent Southern Democrats. Nearby US Army forts, which did business with North Texan slaveholders, provided protection against Native American raids. Cooke County residents furthermore did not have an economic dependence on slavery, and were unwilling to", "title": "Great Hanging at Gainesville" }, { "id": "5990898", "text": "In 304, the fourth edict ordered all persons, men, women, and children, to gather in a public space and offer a collective sacrifice. If they refused, they were to be executed. The precise date of the edict is unknown, but it was probably issued in either January or February 304, and was being applied in the Balkans in March. The edict was in use in Thessalonica (Thessaloniki, Greece) in April 304, and in Palestine soon after. This last edict was not enforced at all in the domains of Maximian and Constantius. In the East, it remained applicable until the issue", "title": "Diocletianic Persecution" }, { "id": "3591727", "text": "to collaborate to destroy it. They sent in 200,000 soldiers, forcing el-Krim to surrender in 1926; he was exiled in the Pacific until 1947. Morocco became quiet, and in 1936 became the base from which Francisco Franco launched his revolt against Madrid. The humiliating peace terms in the Treaty of Versailles provoked bitter indignation throughout Germany, and seriously weakened the new democratic regime. The Treaty stripped Germany of all of its overseas colonies, of Alsace and Lorraine, and of predominantly Polish districts. The Allied armies occupied industrial sectors in western Germany including the Rhineland, and Germany was not allowed to", "title": "Interwar period" }, { "id": "14911556", "text": "Beijing and burned most of the Christian churches and cathedrals in the city, killing many Chinese Christians and several Catholic priests. The Chinese Christians were accused of collaborating with the foreigners. American and British missionaries and their converts had taken refuge in the Methodist Mission and an attack there was repulsed by American marines. Soldiers at the British embassy and German legations shot and killed several Boxers. In mid-June 1900 the Chinese government was still indecisive about the Boxers. Some officials—Ronglu, for example—counseled the Empress Dowager that the Boxers were \"rabble\" who would be easily defeated by foreign soldiers. On", "title": "Siege of the International Legations" }, { "id": "4250431", "text": "the Jewish ghetto in Damascus. The persecution of Jews reached its most destructive form in the policies of Nazi Germany, which made the destruction of the Jews a priority, culminating in the killing of approximately 6,000,000 Jews during the Holocaust from 1941 to 1945. Originally, the Nazis used death squads, the Einsatzgruppen, to conduct massive open-air killings of Jews in territory that they conquered. By 1942, the Nazi leadership decided to implement the Final Solution, the genocide of the Jews of Europe, and to increase the pace of the Holocaust by establishing extermination camps specifically to kill Jews as well", "title": "Persecution of Jews" } ]

[ "1967" ]

[ { "id": "11076925", "text": "1966–67 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1966–67 Toronto Maple Leafs season was the 50th season of the Toronto NHL franchise, fortieth as the \"Maple Leafs.\" The Leafs finished third in the NHL with a record of 32–27–11 for 75 points to qualify for the playoffs. Toronto defeated the first-place Chicago Black Hawks four games to two in the semi-finals before upending their arch-rival Montreal Canadiens in six games to win their thirteenth Stanley Cup in franchise history. As of 2017, this is the last time that the Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup, or even made it to the Finals.", "title": "1966–67 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "10600701", "text": "1967 Stanley Cup Finals The 1967 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven series played between the Montreal Canadiens and the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Maple Leafs ended up winning the series, four games to two. In doing this, they won their thirteenth Stanley Cup. To date, this is Toronto's most recent Stanley Cup championship, most recent appearance in the championship final, and is tied for the longest-active championship drought in the NHL with the St. Louis Blues (who have never won since joining the NHL in 1967) at 50 (not including 2004–05 lockout) seasons. The 1967 Stanley Cup Final was", "title": "1967 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "10600705", "text": "part of all 4 cups, but were not included on the cup each season.) 1967 Stanley Cup Finals The 1967 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven series played between the Montreal Canadiens and the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Maple Leafs ended up winning the series, four games to two. In doing this, they won their thirteenth Stanley Cup. To date, this is Toronto's most recent Stanley Cup championship, most recent appearance in the championship final, and is tied for the longest-active championship drought in the NHL with the St. Louis Blues (who have never won since joining the NHL in", "title": "1967 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "785801", "text": "the \"Original Six\", the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression. The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships, second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens. The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties, from 1947 to 1951; and from 1962 to 1967. Winning their last championship in 1967, the Maple Leafs' 50-season drought between championships is the longest current drought in the NHL. The Maple Leafs have developed rivalries with three NHL franchises, the Detroit Red Wings, the Montreal Canadiens, and the Ottawa", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "12909435", "text": "1967 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1967 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) was the final playoffs before the expansion from six to twelve teams. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the defending champion Montreal Canadiens in six games to win the Stanley Cup. The Leafs squad was the oldest ever to win a Cup final; the average age of the team was well more than 30, and four players were more than 40. Toronto has not won the Cup or been to the Finals since. In the semi-finals, the Chicago Black Hawks who finished in first place played", "title": "1967 Stanley Cup playoffs" }, { "id": "5857290", "text": "1966–67 NHL season The 1966–67 NHL season was the 50th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. Since the 1942–43 season, there had only been six teams in the NHL, but this was to be the last season of the \"Original Six\" as six more teams were added for the 1967–68 season. This season saw the debut of one of the greatest players in hockey history, defenceman Bobby Orr of the Boston Bruins. The Toronto Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup over the Montreal Canadiens; this would be the Leafs' most recent Stanley Cup, .", "title": "1966–67 NHL season" }, { "id": "11137357", "text": "1931–32 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1931–32 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 15th season in the NHL. The Maple Leafs were coming off their best regular season in team history in 1930–31, and the club set team records in wins and points, with 23 and 53 respectively, finishing in second place in the Canadian Division. Toronto then won three playoff rounds to win the Stanley Cup, first as the Maple Leafs, and third in the history of the franchise. Prior to the season, the NHL announced that the schedule would increase from 44 games to 48. Also, the Maple", "title": "1931–32 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "12160622", "text": "trustees to gain control of the Cup. Toronto and Montreal evidenced dynasties, as the Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup nine times from 1942 onwards, while the Canadiens won ten times, including five consecutive titles between 1956 and 1960. The 1967 championship is the last Maple Leafs title to date. Remarkably, Maurice Richard became the first player to score 50 goals in a season in 1944–45. In 1955, Richard was suspended for assaulting a linesman, leading to the Richard Riot. Gordie Howe made his debut in 1946, retiring 32 years later as the NHL's all-time leader in both goals and", "title": "History of the National Hockey League (1942–1967)" }, { "id": "10621515", "text": "that the Leafs were just a bunch of has-beens. But Bob Pulford scored the double-overtime winner in game three, Jim Pappin got the series winner in game six, and Keon won the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs as the Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup in six games. The Leafs have not won the Stanley Cup or even reached the finals since. The next two seasons saw a great deal of turnover, engineered by Imlach, who detested the new Players' Association headed by Maple Leaf players. Bobby Baun and Kent Douglas were left unprotected in", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "785879", "text": "million (C$ million in 2019). The arena soon acquired nicknames including the \"Carlton Street Cashbox\", and the \"Maple Leaf Mint\", since the team's games were constantly sold out. The Maple Leafs won 11 Stanley Cups while playing at the Gardens. The first annual NHL All-Star Game was also held at Maple Leaf Gardens in 1947. The Gardens opened on November 12, 1931, with the Maple Leafs losing 2–1 to the Chicago Blackhawks. On February 13, 1999, the Maple Leafs played their last game at the Gardens, suffering a 6–2 loss to the Blackhawks. The building is presently used as a", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "11076941", "text": "1961–62 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1961–62 Toronto Maple Leafs season saw the Leafs finish in second place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 37 wins, 22 losses, and 11 ties for 85 points. They ousted the New York Rangers in six games in the Semi-finals before defeating the defending champion Chicago Black Hawks, also in six games, to win their first Stanley Cup championship since 1951. It would be the first of three straight Stanley Cup titles for the team, and four overall during the decade of the 1960s. The Toronto Maple Leafs won the", "title": "1961–62 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "17334356", "text": "Maple Leafs, 1969–70 Montreal Canadiens, 1995–96 New Jersey Devils, and the 2006–07 Carolina Hurricanes. 2014 Stanley Cup Finals The 2014 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) season, and the culmination of the 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs. The League realigned its divisions prior to the season, and changed the structure of the playoffs, but the championship series remained the same. The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Kings defeated the Eastern Conference champion New York Rangers four games to one to win their second championship in franchise history, marking the first time since 2007 that", "title": "2014 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "10621476", "text": "Cup in 1962, 1963, 1964, and 1967. Winning their last championship in prior to the 1967 NHL expansion, the Maple Leafs' drought between Stanley Cups is the longest active drought in the NHL. In 1971, Ballard secured principal ownership of MLGL. During the 1970s, the Maple Leafs saw some success, only failing to qualify for the playoffs once in the decade. However, the Maple Leafs would fail to post a winning record for 12 years, from 1980–81 to 1992–93. During the 1990s and early 2000s, the team saw a resurgence in competitive play, missing the playoffs only twice from 1993", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "5834283", "text": "1941–42 NHL season The 1941–42 NHL season was the 25th season of the National Hockey League. Seven teams played 48 games each. The Toronto Maple Leafs would win the Stanley Cup defeating the Detroit Red Wings winning four straight after losing the first three in a best-of-seven series, a feat only repeated thrice in NHL history (1975, 2010, 2014) and once in Major League Baseball (2004) as of 2017. This season was the last season for the Brooklyn Americans who had changed their name from the New York Americans in an attempt to build a civic relationship with those from", "title": "1941–42 NHL season" }, { "id": "19442460", "text": "signed to professional try outs. The Maple Leafs clinched the playoffs for the first time since the 2012–13 season. They qualified as the second wildcard team in the Eastern Conference and met the Washington Capitals, the division winner with the best record, in the first round. Washington won the series in 6 games, 4-2. This became only the third playoff series in NHL history in which five games were decided in overtime (the first being the 1951 Stanley Cup Finals between the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Montreal Canadiens and the second occurring in the 2012 Western Conference Quarterfinals between", "title": "2016–17 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "10621475", "text": "NHL season, the Maple Leafs were one of six remaining members in the NHL. The Maple Leafs saw tremendous success during the \"Original Six-era\" (from the 1942–43 to the 1966–67 season), winning the Stanley Cup in 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, and 1949. Following the Maple Leafs 1951 Stanley Cup victory, the team saw an 11-year championship drought. Prior to the 1961–62 NHL season, Conn Smythe sold nearly all of his shares in MLGL to a partnership made up of his son, Stafford Smythe, John Bassett, and Harold Ballard. The Maple Leafs found new success during the 1960s, winning the Stanley", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "10621508", "text": "score the series-winning goal in overtime, leaving his defensive position (in spite of coach Joe Primeau's instructions not to) to pick up an errant pass and score. Barilko helped the club secure its fourth Stanley Cup in five years. His glory was short-lived, as he disappeared in a plane crash near Timmins, Ontario, four months later. The crash site was not found until a helicopter pilot discovered the plane's wreckage plane about north of Cochrane, Ontario eleven years later. The Leafs did not win another Cup during the 1950s, with rumours swirling that the team was \"cursed\", and would not", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "16378068", "text": "2013 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 30, 2013, following the conclusion of the 2012–13 NHL regular season. The regular season was shortened to 48 games, and the playoffs pushed to a later date, due to a lockout. The playoffs ended on June 24, 2013, with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Boston Bruins in six games to win the Stanley Cup. Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe trophy as the playoffs MVP, with 19 points (9 goals and 10 assists). The Toronto Maple Leafs made the playoffs for the", "title": "2013 Stanley Cup playoffs" }, { "id": "744875", "text": "The city's major sports venues include the Scotiabank Arena (formerly Air Canada Centre), Rogers Centre (formerly SkyDome), Coca-Cola Coliseum (formerly Ricoh Coliseum), and BMO Field. Toronto is home to the Toronto Maple Leafs, one of the National Hockey League's Original Six clubs, and has also served as home to the Hockey Hall of Fame since 1958. The city had a rich history of ice hockey championships. Along with the Maple Leafs' 13 Stanley Cup titles, the Toronto Marlboros and St. Michael's College School-based Ontario Hockey League teams, combined, have won a record 12 Memorial Cup titles. The Toronto Marlies of", "title": "Toronto" }, { "id": "5834287", "text": "players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1941–42 (listed with their last team): 1941–42 NHL season The 1941–42 NHL season was the 25th season of the National Hockey League. Seven teams played 48 games each. The Toronto Maple Leafs would win the Stanley Cup defeating the Detroit Red Wings winning four straight after losing the first three in a best-of-seven series, a feat only repeated thrice in NHL history (1975, 2010, 2014) and once in Major League Baseball (2004) as of 2017. This season was the last season for the Brooklyn Americans who had changed", "title": "1941–42 NHL season" }, { "id": "13341000", "text": "franchise history. This was the first Cup championship for Chicago since , which had been the longest active Stanley Cup drought. The Toronto Maple Leafs, who last won the Cup in and who have not appeared in the Final since, along with the St. Louis Blues, currently share the longest active Cup drought streak in the NHL. The Blackhawks became the fourth major Chicago sports team to win a championship since 1986, joining the 1985 Chicago Bears, the Chicago Bulls dynasty of the 1990s, and the 2005 Chicago White Sox. The 2016 Chicago Cubs would complete the cycle of all", "title": "2010 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "5889490", "text": "their last game in the NHL in 1962–63 (listed with their last team): 1962–63 NHL season The 1962–63 NHL season was the 46th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Toronto Maple Leafs won their second Stanley Cup in a row as they defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to one. Some diversionary news hit the sports pages the day of the All-Star Game when it was reported that Toronto had sold Frank Mahovlich to Chicago for $1 million and James D. Norris produced a cheque for the amount. On the advice of", "title": "1962–63 NHL season" }, { "id": "11076938", "text": "1962–63 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1962–63 Toronto Maple Leafs season saw the team finish first in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 35 wins, 23 losses, and 12 ties for 82 points. It was the first time they had finished first overall in the league since 1948. In the playoffs, they defeated their arch-rivals, the Montreal Canadiens, four games to one, in the Semi-finals. They then defeated the Detroit Red Wings in five games to win their second straight Stanley Cup. \"Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM", "title": "1962–63 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "11048511", "text": "1949 Stanley Cup Finals The 1949 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven series between the Detroit Red Wings and the defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs, the second straight final series between Detroit and Toronto. The Maple Leafs won the series in four straight games to win their third consecutive Stanley Cup and eighth in the history of the franchise. Detroit defeated the Montreal Canadiens 4–2 to advance to the finals. Toronto defeated the Boston Bruins 4–1 to advance to the finals. The Maple Leafs became the first NHL team to win the Cup in three straight seasons. The Leafs also", "title": "1949 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "3843021", "text": "in the game. Toronto won the last two games by scores of 6 to 0, and 6 to 3 capturing its 5th Memorial Cup. In 1966–67, the Maple Leafs also won the Stanley Cup, the last year the two clubs were national champions at the same time. The Marlboros of 1972–73 lost only seven games in the regular season. The team was ranked # 1 in Canada going into the playoffs. Toronto eliminated the St. Catharines Black Hawks and Ottawa 67's before meeting the Peterborough Petes in the OHA finals. The series versus the Petes went to a seventh game", "title": "Toronto Marlboros" }, { "id": "11229432", "text": "were down 3–2 in the series. Turk Broda stole the show in the sixth game, shutting out Detroit 3–0 to even the series up, and the Leafs completed their miracle comeback with a 3–1 victory in the seventh and deciding game in front of a record breaking crowd of over 16,000 fans to win the Stanley Cup for the fourth time in club history, and first time since the 1931–32 season. This comeback was never repeated in a Stanley Cup finals since. The 1941–42 Toronto Maple Leafs were inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 2003. 1941–42 Toronto", "title": "1941–42 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "11076936", "text": "1963–64 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1963–64 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 47th season in the National Hockey League (NHL) and involved winning their 12th Stanley Cup. On November 8, 1963: Maple Leaf Gardens would be the first arena in the NHL to have separate penalty boxes. The final series is famous for the courageous play of Bob Baun. In game six of the Finals, he took a Gordie Howe slapshot on his ankle and had to leave play. He returned in overtime and scored the winning goal. He also played in game seven despite the pain and only", "title": "1963–64 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "6879233", "text": "The Canadiens won five consecutive championships between 1956 and 1960, a feat no other team has duplicated. The Original Six era ended with the 1967 Stanley Cup Finals between the two-time defending champion Canadiens, and the Maple Leafs. The Maple Leafs finished the era by winning the Cup four times between 1962 and 1967, their 1967 championship is the last Maple Leafs title to date. The Chicago Blackhawks, who won in 1961, are the only other team to win the Stanley Cup during this period. In 1963, Rangers governor William Jennings introduced to his peers the idea of expanding the", "title": "History of the National Hockey League" }, { "id": "785860", "text": "During the following season, on February 9, 2016, the Leafs packaged Phaneuf in another multi-player deal, acquiring four players, as well as a 2017 2nd-round pick from the Ottawa Senators. The team finished last in the NHL for the first time since the 1984–85 season. They subsequently won the draft lottery and used the first overall pick to draft Auston Matthews. In their second season under Babcock, Toronto secured the final Eastern Conference wildcard spot for the 2017 playoffs. On April 23, 2017, the Maple Leafs were eliminated from the playoffs by the top-seeded Washington Capitals four games to two", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "785857", "text": "first full season under the leadership of Carlyle, Toronto managed to secure a playoff berth in the 2012–13 season (which was shortened again due to another lock-out) for the first time in eight years. However, the Leafs lost in seven games to eventual 2013 Stanley Cup finalist Boston in the first round. Despite the season's success, it was not repeated during the 2013–14 season, as the Leafs failed to make the playoffs. Shortly after the end of the 2013–14 regular season, Brendan Shanahan was named as the president and an alternate governor of the Maple Leafs. On January 6, 2015,", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "12160659", "text": "the third place Leafs were led in goal by 37-year-old Terry Sawchuk and 42-year-old Johnny Bower. Known as the \"over the hill gang\", in six games, Toronto became the oldest team to win the Cup, defeating the favored Canadiens. The Maple Leafs have not appeared in the Stanley Cup finals since. In 1942, due to World War II related travel restrictions, league president Frank Calder abolished the 10-minute overtime for regular season games so teams could catch their trains without delay. With the war's conclusion, regular season overtime did not return, although playoff games continued until a winner was decided.", "title": "History of the National Hockey League (1942–1967)" }, { "id": "6879231", "text": "the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA) was formed in 1967 and it quickly received acceptance from the owners. The Original Six era was a period of dynasties. The Toronto Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup five times between 1944–45 and 1950–51. In the 1951 Stanley Cup Finals, the Maple Leafs defeated the Canadiens four games to one in the only final in NHL history when all games were decided in overtime. Beginning in 1948–49, the Red Wings won seven consecutive regular season titles, a feat that no other team has accomplished. During that time, the Wings won four Stanley", "title": "History of the National Hockey League" }, { "id": "5889480", "text": "1962–63 NHL season The 1962–63 NHL season was the 46th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Toronto Maple Leafs won their second Stanley Cup in a row as they defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to one. Some diversionary news hit the sports pages the day of the All-Star Game when it was reported that Toronto had sold Frank Mahovlich to Chicago for $1 million and James D. Norris produced a cheque for the amount. On the advice of Conn Smythe, Leafs general manager and head coach Punch Imlach declined the deal,", "title": "1962–63 NHL season" }, { "id": "785807", "text": "two games. Operations halted on February 20, 1919, with the NHL ending its season and starting the playoffs. The Arenas' .278 winning percentage that season remains the worst in franchise history. However, the 1919 Stanley Cup Finals ended without a winner due to the worldwide flu epidemic. The legal dispute forced the Arena Company into bankruptcy, and it was forced to sell the team. On December 9, 1919, Querrie brokered the team's purchase by the owners of the St. Patricks Hockey Club, allowing him to maintain an ownership stake in the team. The new owners renamed the team the Toronto", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "785821", "text": "the following post-season, eliminating Toronto in the 1950 NHL playoffs. The Maple Leafs and Canadiens met again in the 1951 finals, with five consecutive overtime games played in the series. Defenceman Bill Barilko managed to score the series-winning goal in overtime, leaving his defensive position (in spite of coach Joe Primeau's instructions not to) to pick up an errant pass and score. Barilko helped the club secure its fourth Stanley Cup in five years. His glory was short-lived, as he disappeared in a plane crash near Timmins, Ontario, four months later. The crash site was not found until a helicopter", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "785819", "text": "complete reversal of the series played three years ago. After the end of the war, players who had enlisted were beginning to return to their teams. With Apps and Broda regaining their form, the Maple Leafs beat the first-place Canadiens in the 1947 finals. In an effort to bolster their centre depth, the Leafs acquired Cy Thomas and Max Bentley in the following the off-season. With these key additions, the Leafs were able to win a second consecutive Stanley Cup, sweeping the Red Wings in the 1948 finals. With their victory in 1948, the Leafs moved ahead of Montreal as", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "14601120", "text": "Capitals. The Maple Leafs attempted to make the playoffs for the first time since the 2003–04 season. They were officially eliminated from playoff contention on April 5, 2011, when Buffalo Sabres beat Tampa Bay Lightning 4–2, shortly before Toronto lost to the Washington Capitals in a shoot-out. They continue to hold the second longest playoff-drought streak, second only to the Florida Panthers. Neither team have reached the playoffs since the NHL lockout. The Leafs hold the longest active Stanley Cup Finals drought streak not having competed in the finals since the 1966–67 NHL season. They also are tied with the", "title": "2010–11 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "11076945", "text": "1950–51 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1950–51 Toronto Maple Leafs season involved winning the Stanley Cup. The Stanley Cup was famous for Bill Barilko scoring the winning goal. Every game went into overtime in this series. Bill Barilko scored the Cup-winning goal, his last goal in the NHL as he would die in a plane crash during the summer. Toronto Maple Leafs vs. Montreal Canadiens \"Toronto wins best-of-seven series four games to one.\" Turk Broda, Al Rollins, Jimmy Thomson, Gus Mortson, Bill Barilko, Bill Juzda, Fern Flaman, Hugh Bolton, Ted Kennedy (captain), Sid Smith, Tod Sloan, Cal Gardner, Howie Meeker,", "title": "1950–51 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "11137367", "text": "Toronto completed the sweep, defeating New York 6–4, and winning their third Stanley Cup in team history, and first since 1922, when they were still named the Toronto St. Pats. The \"Kid Line\" of Jackson, Conacher, and Primeau combined for 8 goals in the 3 games. 1931–32 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1931–32 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 15th season in the NHL. The Maple Leafs were coming off their best regular season in team history in 1930–31, and the club set team records in wins and points, with 23 and 53 respectively, finishing in second place in the", "title": "1931–32 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "15398046", "text": "(to Washington) and Fabian Brunnstrom (to the Detroit Red Wings). On October 4, the Leafs traded their fourth round pick at the 2012 NHL Draft to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for centre Dave Steckel. Prior to the beginning of the regular season, the Leafs unveiled new alternate jerseys, similar to the ones they used when they last won the Stanley Cup in 1967. The Maple Leafs went 4–4 in pre-season play. The Maple Leafs got off to a fast start, winning their first three games and seven of their first ten, finishing October in first place in the", "title": "2011–12 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "785822", "text": "pilot discovered the plane's wreckage plane about north of Cochrane, Ontario eleven years later. The Leafs did not win another Cup during the 1950s, with rumours swirling that the team was \"cursed\", and would not win a cup until Barilko's body was found. The \"curse\" came to an end after the Leafs' 1962 Stanley Cup victory, which came six weeks before to the discovery of the wreckage of Barilko's plane. Their 1951 victory was followed by lacklustre performances in the following seasons. The team finished third in the 1951–52 season, and were eventually swept by the Red Wings in the", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "11076940", "text": "Eddie Shack, Dave Keon, Ed Litzenberger, John MacMillan, Punch Imlach (manager-coach), Bob Haggert (trainer) </div> 1962–63 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1962–63 Toronto Maple Leafs season saw the team finish first in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 35 wins, 23 losses, and 12 ties for 82 points. It was the first time they had finished first overall in the league since 1948. In the playoffs, they defeated their arch-rivals, the Montreal Canadiens, four games to one, in the Semi-finals. They then defeated the Detroit Red Wings in five games to win their second straight Stanley Cup.", "title": "1962–63 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "10621505", "text": "game six, and Sweeney Schriner would score two goals in the third period to win the seventh game 3–1 and the stanley cup. No other team has repeated a comeback like this in a stanley cup final since. Apps told writer Trent Frayne in 1949, \"If you want me to be pinned down to my [biggest night in hockey but also my] biggest second, I'd say it was the last tick of the clock that sounded the final bell. It's something I shall never forget at all.\" It was the first time a major pro sports team came back from", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "11229556", "text": "Leafs in the fifth game by a score of 2–0, and he would once again earn a shutout in the sixth game, as Detroit won the game 1–0 in overtime to set up a seventh and deciding game. Toronto, led by goaltender Frank McCool and Babe Pratt, who scored the series winning goal, managed to hang on for a 2–1 victory in the seventh game to win the Stanley Cup for the fifth time in club history, and their first title in three years. Don Metz, Frank McCool, Wally Stanowski, Reg Hamilton, Elwin Morris, John McCreedy, Tommy O'Neill, Ted Kennedy,", "title": "1944–45 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "785830", "text": "returned to play with his ankle frozen, and eventually scored the game-winning goal in overtime against the Red Wings. The Leafs won their third consecutive Stanley Cup in a 4-0 game 7 victory; Bathgate scored two goals. The two seasons after the Maple Leafs' Stanley Cup victories, the team saw several player departures, including Bathgate, and Brewer, as well as several new additions, including Marcel Pronovost, and Terry Sawchuk. During the 1966–67, the team had lost 10 games in a row, sending Imlach to the hospital with a stress-related illness. However, from the time King Clancy took over as the", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "14601121", "text": "Los Angeles Kings and the St. Louis Blues for the longest drought without a Stanley Cup until the Kings won the Stanley Cup in 2012. In the 2009–10 season, the Chicago Blackhawks ended the longest drought without winning a Stanley Cup at that time, not having won the Stanley Cup since the 1960–61 season. Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Maple Leafs. Stats reflect time with Maple Leafs only. Traded mid-season. Bold/italics denotes franchise record. The Maple Leafs have been involved in the following transactions during the 2010–11 season. Toronto's picks at the 2010 NHL Entry Draft", "title": "2010–11 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "12421174", "text": "were lost to various franchises in the Expansion Draft.\" The Maple Leafs were involved in the following transactions during the 1967–68 season. 1967–68 Toronto Maple Leafs season The Maple Leafs entered the season as defending Stanley Cup champions. The franchise hosted the 21st National Hockey League National Hockey League All-Star Game. It was played at Maple Leaf Gardens on January 16, 1968. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated an all-star team by a score of 4–3. The Leafs missed the playoffs for the first time since 1958 with a record of 33–31–10 for 76 points for a fifth place in the", "title": "1967–68 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "14601122", "text": "in Los Angeles, California. 2010–11 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 2010–11 Toronto Maple Leafs season was the 94th season for the National Hockey League franchise that was established on November 22, 1917, and 84th season since adopting the Maple Leafs name in February 1927. The Maple Leafs posted a regular season record of 37 wins, 34 losses, and 11 overtime/shootout losses for 85 points, failing to qualify for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the sixth consecutive season. The Maple Leafs did not have a first round selection in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, having traded it to the Boston Bruins", "title": "2010–11 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "785820", "text": "the team having won the most Stanley Cups in League history. Apps announced his retirement following the 1948 finals, with Ted Kennedy replacing him as the team's captain. Under a new captaincy, the Leafs managed to make it to the 1949 finals, facing the Red Wings, who had finished the season with the best overall record. However, the Leafs went on to win their third consecutive Cup, sweeping the Red Wings in four games. This brought the total of Detroit's play off game losses against the Leafs to eleven. The Red Wings were able to end this losing streak in", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "10621507", "text": "years later when the two teams clashed in the 1947 finals. Ted \"Teeder\" Kennedy would score the game-winning goal late in game six to win the Leafs their first of three straight Cups — the first time any NHL team had accomplished that feat. With their Cup victory in 1948, the Leafs moved ahead of Montreal for the most Stanley Cups in franchise history. It would take the Canadiens 10 years to reclaim the record. The Maple Leafs and Canadiens met again in the 1951 finals, with five consecutive overtime games played in the series. Defenceman Bill Barilko managed to", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "16558729", "text": "(88.20%). The Maple Leafs qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time since the 2003–04 NHL season in a game against the Ottawa Senators on April 20, 2013. They lost to the Boston Bruins in 7 games in the first round. Denotes player spent time with another team before joining the Maple Leafs. Stats reflect time with the Maple Leafs only. Traded mid-season Bold/italics denotes franchise record The Maple Leafs have been involved in the following transactions during the 2012–13 season. Toronto Maple Leafs' picks at the 2012 NHL Entry Draft, held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on June 22", "title": "2012–13 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "10056563", "text": "Toronto has teams in nearly every major professional sport, including the Toronto Blue Jays (MLB), Toronto Argonauts (CFL), Toronto Raptors (NBA), Toronto Rock (NLL), Toronto FC (MLS), Toronto Arrows (MLR) and the Toronto Maple Leafs (NHL). Throughout the sports world, Toronto is perhaps best known for the Toronto Maple Leafs. Although Toronto has not won a Stanley Cup since 1967, the city is renowned as a hockey town. Scotiabank Arena (home of the Leafs, Raptors, and Rock) and Rogers Centre (home of the Blue Jays) are located in the downtown core and are within walking distance from one another via", "title": "Sports in Toronto" }, { "id": "20166933", "text": "2017–18 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 2017–18 Toronto Maple Leafs season was the 101st season for the National Hockey League franchise that was established on November 22, 1917. The Maple Leafs set a new franchise record in wins when they earned their 46th win of the season on March 28, 2018, and as well set a new franchise record for wins at home. The following day, the Leafs officially clinched a playoff spot for a second consecutive season. The Leafs made it to the playoffs last season, and were bumped out in the first series. Their season ended in the", "title": "2017–18 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "5270348", "text": "instrumental in the Leafs' comeback in the 1942 Stanley Cup Finals. He scored the tying and winning goals in Toronto's 3–1 victory in the seventh game against the Detroit Red Wings to win the Stanley Cup, a moment described as being one of his greatest thrills in hockey. It was Toronto's first championship in ten years, and the Maple Leafs became the first team in NHL history to overcome a 3–0 series deficit to win a best-of-seven playoff series with their victory over Detroit. Frustrated by what he felt was too much individualism in the game, Schriner contemplated retiring from", "title": "Sweeney Schriner" }, { "id": "2972962", "text": "Barilko for only one season, 1950-51. During that span of five seasons, Barilko and the Toronto Maple Leafs were Stanley Cup champions on four occasions: 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951. The last goal scored by Barilko was in overtime against the Montreal Canadiens' netminder Gerry McNeil. This goal, in Game 5 of the 1951 Stanley Cup Final (April 21, 1951) won the Leafs the Cup. On August 26, 1951, Barilko joined his dentist, Henry Hudson, on a flight aboard Hudson's Fairchild 24 floatplane to Rupert House in northern Quebec for a weekend fishing trip. On the return trip to Porcupine Lake,", "title": "Bill Barilko" }, { "id": "5767310", "text": "1950–51 NHL season The 1950–51 NHL season was the 34th season of the National Hockey League. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the Montreal Canadiens four games to one for the Stanley Cup to win their fifth Cup in seven years. The league implemented a rule requiring all teams to provide an emergency goaltender for every game, for use by either team in case of illness or injury. The biggest trade in NHL history at the time took place in July 1950 with Sugar Jim Henry, Gaye Stewart, Bob Goldham and Metro Prystai of Chicago going to Detroit for Harry Lumley,", "title": "1950–51 NHL season" }, { "id": "12421173", "text": "1967–68 Toronto Maple Leafs season The Maple Leafs entered the season as defending Stanley Cup champions. The franchise hosted the 21st National Hockey League National Hockey League All-Star Game. It was played at Maple Leaf Gardens on January 16, 1968. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated an all-star team by a score of 4–3. The Leafs missed the playoffs for the first time since 1958 with a record of 33–31–10 for 76 points for a fifth place in the East Division. The Leafs finished with a better record than any of the six expansion teams that season. \"The following Maple Leafs", "title": "1967–68 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "6598069", "text": "the league's two conference playoff champions. 1. The NHL includes the Toronto Hockey Club (Toronto Arenas) 1918 win and the 1922 Toronto St. Patricks win in the Toronto Maple Leafs total. 2. The Chicago Blackhawks were known as the Chicago Black Hawks prior to the 1986–87 season. 3. The Montreal Canadiens totals include the 1919 Final that ended with a no-decision because of the Spanish flu epidemic. Stanley Cup Finals The Stanley Cup Finals in ice hockey (also known as the Stanley Cup Final among various media, ) is the National Hockey League (NHL)'s championship series to determine the winner", "title": "Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "10600702", "text": "also the last Stanley Cup Final in the Original Six Era. This was the last Stanley Cup before the 1967 expansion which meant there were only two rounds and three series in total were played in the playoffs. Montreal defeated New York to advance to the finals and Toronto defeated Chicago. The average age of the Leafs' players was 31, the oldest lineup to win the Cup. Johnny Bower was 42 and Allan Stanley was 41. Dave Keon won the Conn Smythe Trophy. Montreal won the opener 6–2 Toronto. For the second game, Terry Sawchuk was replaced with Bower and", "title": "1967 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "5810258", "text": "1946–47 NHL season The 1946–47 NHL season was the 30th season of the National Hockey League. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the Montreal Canadiens in the 1947 Stanley Cup Final to win their sixth Stanley Cup championship. Tommy Gorman, who had been associated with the National Hockey League since its inception in 1917, announced his retirement in July 1946 as general manager of the Montreal Canadiens. He left behind him seven Stanley Cup champions and a hall of fame career as a coach and general manager. Frank Selke, released from the Toronto Maple Leafs, took over as general manager and", "title": "1946–47 NHL season" }, { "id": "3389073", "text": "1947–48 NHL season The 1947–48 NHL season was the 31st season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 60 games. The Toronto Maple Leafs were the Stanley Cup winners. They defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to none. This season saw the introduction of a new trophy – Art Ross Trophy – that would be handed out to the player who scored the most points during the regular season. The season saw the return of the National Hockey League All-Star Game, an idea that, although proposed in the previous season, came into fruition this year. The all-star", "title": "1947–48 NHL season" }, { "id": "6108176", "text": "originally known as the \"General Motors Hockey Broadcast\", evolved over time into the modern CBC TV broadcast of \"Hockey Night in Canada\". The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1931–32 (listed with their last team): 1931–32 NHL season The 1931–32 NHL season was the 15th season of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Ottawa Senators and Philadelphia Quakers suspended operations, leaving eight teams to play 48 games each. In the Stanley Cup Finals, the Toronto Maple Leafs swept the New York Rangers in three games to win the franchise's", "title": "1931–32 NHL season" }, { "id": "12160642", "text": "years later by Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip in their 1992 song \"Fifty Mission Cap\". By 1962, the disappearance of Bill Barilko and the Maple Leafs' subsequent failure to win the Stanley Cup led Toronto fans to believe a curse was upon the team. The Leafs won the 1962 championship shortly before Barilko's remains were discovered. In 1963, they repeated as champions. In 1964, the Leafs again played for the Stanley Cup against the Red Wings. In the third period of game six, trailing the series 3–2, Maple Leafs' defenceman Bobby Baun suffered a broken ankle from a Gordie", "title": "History of the National Hockey League (1942–1967)" }, { "id": "11076946", "text": "Harry Watson, Max Bentley, Joe Klukay, Danny Lewicki, Ray Timgren, Fleming Mackell, Johnny McCormack, Bob Hassard, Conn Smythe (manager), Joe Primeau (coach), Tim Daly (trainer) </div> 1950–51 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1950–51 Toronto Maple Leafs season involved winning the Stanley Cup. The Stanley Cup was famous for Bill Barilko scoring the winning goal. Every game went into overtime in this series. Bill Barilko scored the Cup-winning goal, his last goal in the NHL as he would die in a plane crash during the summer. Toronto Maple Leafs vs. Montreal Canadiens \"Toronto wins best-of-seven series four games to one.\" Turk", "title": "1950–51 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "20166935", "text": "an additional two picks through various trades. Draft notes: 2017–18 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 2017–18 Toronto Maple Leafs season was the 101st season for the National Hockey League franchise that was established on November 22, 1917. The Maple Leafs set a new franchise record in wins when they earned their 46th win of the season on March 28, 2018, and as well set a new franchise record for wins at home. The following day, the Leafs officially clinched a playoff spot for a second consecutive season. The Leafs made it to the playoffs last season, and were bumped out", "title": "2017–18 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "10621509", "text": "win a cup until Barilko's body was found. The \"curse\" came to an end after the Leafs' 1962 Stanley Cup victory, which came six weeks before to the discovery of the wreckage of Barilko's plane. Their 1951 victory was followed by lacklustre performances in the following seasons. The team finished third in the 1951–52 season, and were eventually swept by the Red Wings in the semi-finals. With the conclusion of the 1952–53 regular season, the Leafs failed to make it to the post-season for the first time since the 1945–46 playoffs. The Leafs' poor performance may be attributed partly to", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "19812581", "text": "inaugural season in 1927. From 1929-1993, the two teams met each other in the 16 playoff series, and faced each other in seven Stanley Cup Finals. Meeting each other a combined 23 times in the postseason, the two teams have played each other in more postseason series than any other two teams in NHL history with the exception of the Bruins and Canadiens, who have played a total of 34 postseason series. Toronto has won 12 of the series. As of December 2018, the Maple Leafs are one of only five teams with a winning overall record against the Red", "title": "Maple Leafs–Red Wings rivalry" }, { "id": "10600713", "text": "1963 Stanley Cup Finals The 1963 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs and the Detroit Red Wings. The Maple Leafs would win the best-of-seven series four games to one to win the Stanley Cup, their second straight NHL championship. Toronto defeated the Montreal Canadiens 4–1 to advance to the finals and Detroit defeated the Chicago Black Hawks 4–2 Johnny Bower limited the Wings to 10 goals in the five games, and five different Leafs had multiple-goal games: Duff, Nevin, Stewart, Kelly and Keon. The Leafs had finished first in the regular season, and were", "title": "1963 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "14601117", "text": "2010–11 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 2010–11 Toronto Maple Leafs season was the 94th season for the National Hockey League franchise that was established on November 22, 1917, and 84th season since adopting the Maple Leafs name in February 1927. The Maple Leafs posted a regular season record of 37 wins, 34 losses, and 11 overtime/shootout losses for 85 points, failing to qualify for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the sixth consecutive season. The Maple Leafs did not have a first round selection in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, having traded it to the Boston Bruins in the Phil Kessel", "title": "2010–11 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "10621543", "text": "2013, Burke was fired as general manager, replaced by Dave Nonis. In their first full season under the leadership of Carlyle, Toronto managed to secure a playoff berth in the 2012–13 season (which was shortened again due to another lock-out) for the first time in eight years. However, the Leafs lost in seven games to eventual 2013 Stanley Cup finalist Boston in the first round. Despite the season's success, it was not repeated during the 2013–14 season, as the Leafs failed to make the playoffs. Shortly after the end of the 2013–14 regular season, Brendan Shanahan was named as the", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "3328454", "text": "National Hockey League from 1931 to 1999. The Leafs won the Stanley Cup 11 times from 1932 to 1967 while playing at the Gardens. The first NHL All-Star Game, albeit an unofficial one, was held at the Gardens in 1934 as a benefit for Leafs forward Ace Bailey, who had suffered a career-ending head injury. The first official annual National Hockey League All-Star Game was also held at Maple Leaf Gardens in 1947. It was home to the Toronto Huskies (1946–1947) in their single season in the Basketball Association of America (a forerunner of the National Basketball Association), the Toronto", "title": "Maple Leaf Gardens" }, { "id": "11229426", "text": "3–0 series deficit to win the Stanley Cup 4 games to 3. They were the first sports team to come back from 0–3 to win a playoff series 4–3; though it has happened in the postseason four times since then (1975 New York Islanders, 2004 MLB Boston Red Sox, 2010 Philadelphia Flyers and the 2014 Los Angeles Kings), this remains the only time it has happened in the championship round. Before Smythe left to take up training with his 30th Battery, he signed up three rookies to the Maple Leafs: Bob Goldham, Ernie Dickens and John McCreedy. Lorne Carr's contract", "title": "1941–42 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "289711", "text": "leagues in North America, the Montreal Canadiens are surpassed in the number of championships only by the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball, who have three more. The longest streak of winning the Stanley Cup in consecutive years is five, held by the Montreal Canadiens from 1955–56 to 1959–60. The 1977 edition of the Montreal Canadiens, the second of four straight Stanley Cup champions, was named by ESPN as the second greatest sports team of all-time. The next most successful NHL franchise is the Toronto Maple Leafs with 13 Stanley Cup championships, most recently in 1967. The Detroit Red", "title": "National Hockey League" }, { "id": "10621531", "text": "Wendel Clark, had one of his most productive seasons, scoring 31 goals and totaling 83 points. Sergei Berezin scored 37 goals, Curtis Joseph won 35 games with a 2.56 GAA, and enforcer Tie Domi racked up 198 penalty minutes. The Leafs eliminated the Philadelphia Flyers and Pittsburgh Penguins in the first two rounds of the playoffs, but lost in five games to the Buffalo Sabres in the Eastern Conference Finals. The Maple Leafs would reach the second round in both 2000 and 2001, losing both times to the New Jersey Devils, who would make the Stanley Cup Finals both seasons.", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "13326879", "text": "1938–39 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1938–39 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 22nd season of operation in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Maple Leafs again advanced to the Stanley Cup Final, losing to the Boston Bruins. The Maple Leafs finished in third place in the regular season, which matched them up against the New York Americans in the first round, best of three series. After sweeping the Americans in 2 games, the Leafs played the Detroit Red Wings in the next round in another best of three series, which they won 2–1. In the finals, they played the", "title": "1938–39 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "10600712", "text": "Leafs as a member of the Red Wings. 1964 Stanley Cup Finals The 1964 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs and the Detroit Red Wings for the second straight year. The Maple Leafs would win the best-of-seven series four games to three to win the Stanley Cup, their third-straight championship. There would not be another game seven at Maple Leaf Gardens for almost three decades. Toronto defeated the Montreal Canadiens 4–3 to advance to the finals and Detroit defeated the Chicago Black Hawks 4–3. This series is famous for the courageous play of Bob", "title": "1964 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "9695514", "text": "the remainder of the season. At the beginning of the 2016–17 season, van Riemsdyk was announced as one of the one hundred greatest Toronto Maple Leafs of all time, placing 100 on the list. On October 15, 2016, the Maple Leafs retired Borje Salming's No. 21, causing van Riemsdyk to change his number from 21 to 25. At the end of the 2016–17 season, he finished with 29 goals and career highs in assists and points with 33 assists and 62 points. The Leafs qualified for the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs, in which they lost in the first round in", "title": "James van Riemsdyk" }, { "id": "10621547", "text": "Auston Matthews. In their second season under Babcock, Toronto secured the final Eastern Conference wildcard spot for the 2017 playoffs. On April 23, 2017, the Maple Leafs were eliminated from the playoffs by the top-seeded Washington Capitals. With a score of 2–1 in the sixth game of the first round, Marcus Johansson scored the winner for the Capitals 6:31 into overtime. Toronto finished the 2017–18 season with 105 points by beating Montreal 4–2 in their final game of the regular season, a franchise-record, beating the previous record of 103 points set in 2004. They faced the Boston Bruins in the", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "4899329", "text": "The Leafs had also won 9 consecutive Stanley Cup final games dating back to April 19, 1947 (initial cup won on this date, with the following two wins being finals sweeps). This Toronto Maple Leafs team is distinguished as the first dynasty in the history of the NHL. At the beginning of the 1949–50, Conn Smythe liked the Leafs' chances for continued success, saying, \"We'll be hard to keep away from a fourth Stanley Cup,\" but as the season progressed many hockey people felt Detroit would end the Leafs' Stanley Cup streak. By the end of the season, Toronto had", "title": "Ted Kennedy (ice hockey)" }, { "id": "12160641", "text": "from Smythe not to take unnecessary chances, Leafs' defenceman Bill Barilko hammered the Cup-winning goal past Montreal goaltender Gerry McNeil. The goal completed Toronto's fourth Stanley Cup championship in five seasons, making Barilko a national hero. Four months later, Barilko and a friend disappeared in Northern Ontario, where they had flown on a fishing trip. Barilko's disappearance became front page news across Canada; a massive search failed to locate the missing plane. Barilko's remains were not found until 1962, the first year the Maple Leafs won the Cup since Barilko's overtime winner eleven years previous. Barilko's disappearance was immortalized 40", "title": "History of the National Hockey League (1942–1967)" }, { "id": "785892", "text": "top part in honour of its 13 Stanley Cup victories. The logo was subsequently accompanied by a new uniform design that was unveiled during the 2016 NHL Entry Draft on June 24, 2016. In addition to the new logo, the new uniforms feature a custom block typeface for the player names and numbers. Two stripes remain on the sleeves, with a single stripe at the waistline. The updated design carried over to the Adidas Adizero uniform system in 2017. The Maple Leafs have in recent years occasionally worn a St. Pats throwback uniform for select games in 2003 and 2017,", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "5949191", "text": "1958–59 NHL season The 1958–59 NHL season was the 42nd season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup champions as they beat the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to one in the best-of-seven final series. This marked the fourth consecutive Stanley Cup win for the Canadiens as they became the first team to win four in a row. The Toronto Maple Leafs, last-place finishers the previous season, brought up Johnny Bower to share goaltending duties with Ed Chadwick and bolstered the defence by adding Carl Brewer and Allan Stanley", "title": "1958–59 NHL season" }, { "id": "10621474", "text": "Limited (MLGL, later renamed Maple Leafs Sports & Entertainment in 1998), a publicly traded management company to own both the Maple Leafs and the planned arena. The Maple Leafs played their first game at Maple Leaf Gardens in November, 1931. For most of the 1930s, the team was led by The Kid Line. The line led the Maple Leafs to win the 1932 Stanley Cup Finals, as well as four more Stanley Cup appearances in the following six years. As a result of the Great Depression, a number of NHL franchises financially struggled, suspended operations and folded. By the 1942–43", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "10621540", "text": "the NHL was based partly on \"having a chance at winning the Stanley Cup\". Toronto faced Vancouver two times during the 2008-2009 season, losing in both showdowns, most notably during a shoot out decision on February 21, 2009 where Mats Sundin was honored at the ACC. He also scored the winning goal to defeat Toronto. On November 29, 2008, the Maple Leafs hired Brian Burke as their 13th non-interim, and the first American, general manager in team history. The acquisition ended the second Cliff Fletcher era and settled persistent rumours that Burke was coming to Toronto. On June 26, 2009,", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "13326880", "text": "Boston Bruins, who defeated them 4–1. 1938–39 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1938–39 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 22nd season of operation in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Maple Leafs again advanced to the Stanley Cup Final, losing to the Boston Bruins. The Maple Leafs finished in third place in the regular season, which matched them up against the New York Americans in the first round, best of three series. After sweeping the Americans in 2 games, the Leafs played the Detroit Red Wings in the next round in another best of three series, which they won 2–1.", "title": "1938–39 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "785816", "text": "captain Hap Day. In the 1942 Stanley Cup Finals, the Maple Leafs were down three games to none in the best-of-seven series against Detroit. Fourth-line forward Don Metz then galvanized the team, to score a hat-trick in game four and the game-winner in game five. Goalie Turk Broda shut out the Wings in game six, and Sweeney Schriner scored two goals in the third period to win the seventh game 3–1, completing the reverse-sweep. The Leafs remain the only team to have successfully performed a reverse-sweep in the Stanley Cup finals. Captain Syl Apps won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "785829", "text": "first in the league for the first time since the 1947–48 season. In the following playoffs, the team won their second Stanley Cup of the decade. The 1963–64 season saw certain members of the team traded. With Imlach seeking to reinvigorate the slumping Leafs, he made a mid-season trade that sent Duff, and Nevin to the Rangers for Andy Bathgate and Don McKenney. The Leafs managed to make the post-season as well as the Cup finals. In game six of the 1964 Cup finals, Baun suffered a fractured ankle and required a stretcher to be taken off the ice. He", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "12673509", "text": "Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average\" 1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season saw the Maple Leafs finish in second place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 35 wins, 26 losses, and 9 ties for 79 points. They defeated the Detroit Red Wings in six games in the Semi-finals before being swept by their arch-rivals, the Montreal Canadiens, in the Stanley Cup Finals. Montreal swept the Chicago Black Hawks in four games to reach the Final. In the other semi-final, Toronto defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to two. Montreal swept", "title": "1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "10986412", "text": "his playoff debut, scored two goals and an assist in the Final. 1962 Stanley Cup Finals The 1962 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the defending champion Chicago Black Hawks and the Toronto Maple Leafs who had last appeared in the Final in 1960. The Maple Leafs would win the best-of-seven series four games to two to win the Stanley Cup, their first since 1951. Toronto defeated the New York Rangers to advance to the finals and Chicago defeated the Montreal Canadiens. Stan Mikita broke Gordie Howe's 1955 playoff record of 20 points, finishing with 21, but it was not", "title": "1962 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "10986411", "text": "1962 Stanley Cup Finals The 1962 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the defending champion Chicago Black Hawks and the Toronto Maple Leafs who had last appeared in the Final in 1960. The Maple Leafs would win the best-of-seven series four games to two to win the Stanley Cup, their first since 1951. Toronto defeated the New York Rangers to advance to the finals and Chicago defeated the Montreal Canadiens. Stan Mikita broke Gordie Howe's 1955 playoff record of 20 points, finishing with 21, but it was not enough as the Leafs would defeat the Black Hawks. Dave Keon, making", "title": "1962 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "785831", "text": "head coach, to Imlach's return, the club was on a 10-game undefeated streak, building momentum before the playoffs. The Leafs made their last Cup finals in 1967. Playing against Montreal, the heavy favourite for the year, the Leafs managed to win, with Bob Pulford scoring the double-overtime winner in game three; Jim Pappin scored the series winner in Game 6. Keon was named the playoff's most valuable player, and was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy. From 1968 to 1970, the Maple Leafs made it to the playoffs only once. They lost several players to the 1967 expansion drafts, and the", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "10600710", "text": "1964 Stanley Cup Finals The 1964 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs and the Detroit Red Wings for the second straight year. The Maple Leafs would win the best-of-seven series four games to three to win the Stanley Cup, their third-straight championship. There would not be another game seven at Maple Leaf Gardens for almost three decades. Toronto defeated the Montreal Canadiens 4–3 to advance to the finals and Detroit defeated the Chicago Black Hawks 4–3. This series is famous for the courageous play of Bob Baun. In game six of the Final, he", "title": "1964 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "785828", "text": "boxing match was scheduled for the Gardens. Smythe found Ali's refusal to serve in the United States Army offensive, noting that the Gardens was \"no place for those who want to evade conscription in their own country\". He had also said that because the Gardens' owners agreed to host the fight they had \"put cash ahead of class\". Under the new ownership, Toronto won another three straight Stanley Cups. The team won the 1962 Stanley Cup Finals beating the defending champion Chicago Black Hawks on a goal from Dick Duff in Game 6. During the 1962–63 season, the Leafs finished", "title": "Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "11436120", "text": "season, with just two. The Maple Leafs have been involved in the following transactions during the 2000–01 season. Toronto's draft picks at the 2000 NHL Entry Draft held at the Pengrowth Saddledome in Calgary, Alberta. 2000–01 Toronto Maple Leafs season The 2000–01 Toronto Maple Leafs season was the franchise's 84th season of existence and their 74th season as the Maple Leafs. The team finished third in the Northeast Division with a 37–29–11–5 record (90 points). In the 2001 Stanley Cup playoffs, they swept their rivals, the first-place Ottawa Senators, four games to none in the Eastern Conference Quarter-finals before falling", "title": "2000–01 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "13341023", "text": "a championship in each of the four major professional sports since 1985. It also vaulted Toews into the Triple Gold Club, having won the Olympic Gold medal in Vancouver earlier in 2010 and an IIHF World Championship Gold medal in 2007. Toews and defencemen Duncan Keith and Brent Seabrook also became the fourth, fifth, and sixth players to win Olympic Gold and the Stanley Cup in the same year. With Chicago's win, the Toronto Maple Leafs are now the only Original Six team to not win the Stanley Cup or play in the Finals since the 1967 expansion; their most", "title": "2010 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "10600717", "text": "Cup by throwing Imlach, Harold Ballard and Stafford Smythe into the showers fully clothed. The team was given a victory parade along Bay Street with a reception at Toronto City Hall. 1963 Stanley Cup Finals The 1963 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs and the Detroit Red Wings. The Maple Leafs would win the best-of-seven series four games to one to win the Stanley Cup, their second straight NHL championship. Toronto defeated the Montreal Canadiens 4–1 to advance to the finals and Detroit defeated the Chicago Black Hawks 4–2 Johnny Bower limited the Wings", "title": "1963 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "id": "10621513", "text": "not likely that Conn Smythe could have believed that Stafford could have raised the money needed to make the deal on his own. This purchase gave the three control of about 60% ownership of the Leafs and Gardens. And then, Toronto was able to reel off another three straight Stanley Cup victories from 1962 to 1964, with the help of Hall of Famers Frank Mahovlich, Red Kelly, Johnny Bower, Dave Keon, Andy Bathgate and Tim Horton, and under the leadership of coach and general manager Punch Imlach. However, Bathgate claimed after 1964–65 that all the autocratic Imlach said to himself", "title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs" }, { "id": "11114224", "text": "in the following transactions during the 1998-99 season. The Maple Leafs and Buffalo Sabres met in the Eastern Conference Finals. The Maple Leafs were coming off a six-game series win over the Pittsburgh Penguins, while the Sabres were coming off a six-game series win themselves, over the Boston Bruins. Toronto was having its best playoff since 1994, when they last made a Conference Final series. Buffalo, meanwhile, was in the third round for the second consecutive year. With the series victory, the Sabres advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 24 years. Toronto's draft picks at", "title": "1998–99 Toronto Maple Leafs season" }, { "id": "6108169", "text": "1931–32 NHL season The 1931–32 NHL season was the 15th season of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Ottawa Senators and Philadelphia Quakers suspended operations, leaving eight teams to play 48 games each. In the Stanley Cup Finals, the Toronto Maple Leafs swept the New York Rangers in three games to win the franchise's third Stanley Cup championship. At the September 26, 1931, NHL meeting, the requests of the Philadelphia Quakers and the Ottawa Senators to suspend their franchises for the season were granted. The eight remaining teams divided up the Ottawa and Philadelphia players, whose contracts were leased from", "title": "1931–32 NHL season" }, { "id": "8647177", "text": "for hockey games. Stellick co-wrote, with Damien Cox, the book \"'67: The Maple Leafs, Their Sensational Victory and the End of an Empire\", () about the last season the Toronto Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup. Gord Stellick Gord Stellick (born May 26, 1957 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian sports broadcaster and former NHL executive. Stellick formerly hosted The Fan 590 Morning Show with Don Landry, and also appears on Hockey Central on Rogers Sportsnet. Currently, Stellick serves as host of the pre-game edition of \"Blue And White Tonight\" between 6PM-7PM on The Fan 590 during the game nights", "title": "Gord Stellick" } ]

[ "New Zealand dollar" ]

[ { "id": "1404652", "text": "New Zealand dollar The New Zealand dollar (sign: $; code: NZD, also abbreviated NZ$) () is the official currency and legal tender of New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue, the Ross Dependency, Tokelau, and a British territory, the Pitcairn Islands. Within New Zealand, it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign ($), with \"NZ$\" sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. In the context of currency trading, it is often informally called the \"Kiwi\" or \"Kiwi dollar\", since New Zealand is commonly associated with the indigenous bird and the one-dollar coin depicts a kiwi. Introduced in 1967,", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "1404653", "text": "the dollar is subdivided into 100 cents. Altogether there are ten denominations—five coins and five banknotes—with the smallest being the 10-cent coin. Formerly there were lower denominations, but those were discontinued due to inflation and production costs. The New Zealand dollar is consistently one of the 10 most traded currencies in the world, being approximately 2.0% of global foreign exchange market daily turnover in 2013. Prior to the introduction of the New Zealand dollar in 1967, the New Zealand pound was the currency of New Zealand, which had been distinct from the pound sterling since 1933. The pound used the", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "12959984", "text": "New Zealand one-dollar coin The New Zealand one-dollar coin ($1) is a coin of the New Zealand dollar. The current circulating coin was introduced on 11 February 1991 to replace the existing $1 note. There had previously been occasional issues of commemorative \"silver dollars\", but they are rarely seen in circulation. The depiction of a kiwi on the reverse helps give the New Zealand dollar the colloquial name \"Kiwi (dollar)\", although the term was in use before the $1 coin was introduced. The current coin replaced the New Zealand one dollar note in use since New Zealand's currency was decimalised", "title": "New Zealand one-dollar coin" }, { "id": "1404671", "text": "Zealand's relative share of population or global GDP. According to the Bank for International Settlements, the New Zealand dollar's share of global foreign exchange market daily turnover in 2016 was 2.1% (up from 1.6% in 2010) giving it a rank of 11th. Trading in the currency has climbed steadily since the same survey in 1998 when the NZD's ranking was 17th and the share of turnover was just 0.2%. New Zealand dollar The New Zealand dollar (sign: $; code: NZD, also abbreviated NZ$) () is the official currency and legal tender of New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue, the Ross", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "10041270", "text": "Coins of the New Zealand dollar This article concerns the coins of the New Zealand dollar. Prior to 10 July 1967, the New Zealand pound, using the £sd system, was the currency of New Zealand. Coins of the pound tend to follow the size, weight, and composition of their British counterparts. The main coins in usage were the halfpenny (d), penny (1d), threepence (3d), sixpence (6d), shilling (1s), florin (2s), and halfcrown (2s 6d). Decimalisation of the New Zealand currency occurred on 10 July 1967, when the New Zealand pound was replaced by the New Zealand dollar at a rate", "title": "Coins of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "14592182", "text": "Pitcairn Islands dollar The Pitcairn Islands is a non-sovereign British overseas territory and the New Zealand dollar is used as exchange. Pitcairn Islands began issuing its first commemorative coins in 1988. Though the Pitcairn Islands dollar is not a true currency in the strict sense of the word, and is not used as a circulation coinage, it can be lawfully exchanged as tender. The Pitcairn Islands dollar exists only because of the coin collecting market, which provides a major staple for the island nation. Having a population of only 56 according to the 2013 census, and with only one island", "title": "Pitcairn Islands dollar" }, { "id": "16218507", "text": "New Zealand ten-cent coin The New Zealand ten-cent coin is the lowest-denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar. The 10-cent coin was introduced when the New Zealand dollar was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand shilling coin. In 2006 its size was reduced as part of a revision of New Zealand's coins, which also saw its alloy become copper-plated steel. Due to inflation, the purchasing power of the ten-cent coin continues to decrease. As of 1 April 2018, it represents 0.61% country's minimum hourly wage for workers age 16 or over. On 10 July 1967, New Zealand's", "title": "New Zealand ten-cent coin" }, { "id": "7672021", "text": "Economic Freedom. It is a high-income economy with a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of US$36,254. The currency is the New Zealand dollar, informally known as the \"Kiwi dollar\"; it also circulates in the Cook Islands (see Cook Islands dollar), Niue, Tokelau, and the Pitcairn Islands. Historically, extractive industries have contributed strongly to New Zealand's economy, focussing at different times on sealing, whaling, flax, gold, kauri gum, and native timber. The first shipment of refrigerated meat on the \"Dunedin\" in 1882 led to the establishment of meat and dairy exports to Britain, a trade which provided the basis", "title": "New Zealand" }, { "id": "14592329", "text": "Niue dollar Niue, a country in free association with New Zealand, uses only one official legal tender currency, which is the New Zealand dollar. Before the creation of the New Zealand dollar, Niue was a user of the pound sterling and its very early commemorative coins of Niue were in pound or shilling increments. Niue first began issuing coins in 1966. These have been mostly bullion and non-circulating base metal commemorative issues. They are acceptable as legal tender within Niue, though unlikely to be found anywhere on the island. In 2009, Niue began issuing its first standardised coin set in", "title": "Niue dollar" }, { "id": "6405675", "text": "in uncirculated condition could fetch as high as NZ$25,000 according to the premier value listing for New Zealand notes and coins (some other lesser valued notes signed by Hannah exist). New Zealand pound The pound (symbol £, or NZ£ for distinction) was the currency of New Zealand from 1840 until 1967, when it was replaced by the New Zealand dollar. Like the British pound, it was subdivided into 20 shillings (symbol s) each of 12 pence (symbol d). As a result of the great depression of the early 1930s, the New Zealand agricultural export market to the UK was badly", "title": "New Zealand pound" }, { "id": "12959988", "text": "used in coin fraud in the UK as they sometimes pass for £1 coins in vending machines. They can often be spent in shops too, especially the later head coins. New Zealand one-dollar coin The New Zealand one-dollar coin ($1) is a coin of the New Zealand dollar. The current circulating coin was introduced on 11 February 1991 to replace the existing $1 note. There had previously been occasional issues of commemorative \"silver dollars\", but they are rarely seen in circulation. The depiction of a kiwi on the reverse helps give the New Zealand dollar the colloquial name \"Kiwi (dollar)\",", "title": "New Zealand one-dollar coin" }, { "id": "9053238", "text": "New Zealand twenty-cent coin The New Zealand twenty-cent coin is the second-lowest-denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar. The 20-cent coin was introduced when the New Zealand dollar was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand florin coin. Its original reverse of a kiwi was changed in 1990 when the image was moved onto the one-dollar coin. In 2006 its size was reduced and its edge altered to a Spanish flower as part of a revision of New Zealand's coins, which also saw its alloy become nickel-plated steel. On 10 July 1967, New Zealand's former pre-decimal pound currency,", "title": "New Zealand twenty-cent coin" }, { "id": "1404655", "text": "Words such as \"fern\", \"kiwi\" and \"zeal\" were proposed to avoid confusion with the word \"dollar\", which many people at the time associated with the United States dollar. In the end, the word \"dollar\" was chosen anyway, and an anthropomorphic dollar note cartoon character called \"Mr. Dollar\" became the symbol of transition in a huge publicity campaign. On Monday 10 July 1967 (\"Decimal Currency Day\"), the New Zealand dollar was introduced to replace the pound at a rate of two dollars to one pound (one dollar to ten shillings, ten cents to one shilling, cent to a penny). Some 27", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "6405668", "text": "New Zealand pound The pound (symbol £, or NZ£ for distinction) was the currency of New Zealand from 1840 until 1967, when it was replaced by the New Zealand dollar. Like the British pound, it was subdivided into 20 shillings (symbol s) each of 12 pence (symbol d). As a result of the great depression of the early 1930s, the New Zealand agricultural export market to the UK was badly affected. The Australian banks, which controlled the New Zealand exchanges with London, decided to devalue the New Zealand pound in relation to sterling in the UK. By 1933, the New", "title": "New Zealand pound" }, { "id": "1404654", "text": "£sd system, in which the pound was divided into 20 shillings and one shilling was divided into 12 pence, which by the 1950s was considered complicated and cumbersome. Switching to decimal currency had been proposed in New Zealand since the 1930s, although only in the 1950s did any plans come to fruition. In 1957, a committee was set up by the Government to investigate decimal currency. The idea fell on fertile ground, and in 1963, the Government decided to decimalise New Zealand currency. The Decimal Currency Act was passed in 1964, setting the date of transition to 10 July 1967.", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "10041278", "text": "denominations of coins in regular circulation: 10c, 20c, 50c, $1, and $2. All New Zealand coins are round, and use medallic orientation. Commemorative and collectable coins are available from New Zealand Post as the agent for the Reserve Bank. There are two commemorative coins currently in circulation as legal tender. The first one was released on 23 March 2015 and has a monetary value of 50c. It features the standard obverse design but on the reverse it features two soldiers, one New Zealander and one Australian surrounded by two ferns and a mangopare (hammerhead shark) design; with the words \"The", "title": "Coins of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "1404668", "text": "to release in April 2016. The old New Zealand banknotes and the new 'Brighter Money' banknotes can be used interchangeably for the time being. Since the older banknotes were first issued in 1999, security features and the technology for designing and printing banknotes have all advanced considerably. And while counterfeiting rates in New Zealand are low compared to the rest of the world, the New Zealand public and government agree that it is in the best interest to \"stay one step ahead of the game\", hence the new notes. New Zealand's five-dollar note was named the banknote of the year", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "14592331", "text": "motion picture series, authorised by Lucasfilm Ltd., and depicting many principal characters from the series rendered in colour. Niue dollar Niue, a country in free association with New Zealand, uses only one official legal tender currency, which is the New Zealand dollar. Before the creation of the New Zealand dollar, Niue was a user of the pound sterling and its very early commemorative coins of Niue were in pound or shilling increments. Niue first began issuing coins in 1966. These have been mostly bullion and non-circulating base metal commemorative issues. They are acceptable as legal tender within Niue, though unlikely", "title": "Niue dollar" }, { "id": "12926978", "text": "Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar This article concerns the banknotes of the New Zealand dollar Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar have all been issued by the Reserve Bank which also had two pre-dollar issues. Consequently, the first dollar issue is the third Issue of banknotes by the Reserve Bank. Prior to 10 July 1967, the New Zealand pound, using the £sd system, was the main currency of New Zealand. Since 1934, banknotes of the New Zealand pound were issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, and came in denominations of 10s, £1, £5, £10, and £50. The", "title": "Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "1404660", "text": "Unions also called on the Government and the Reserve Bank to take action, but as of February 2013 both had declined. As of early June 2017, the NZD was trading at approximately US$0.71. On the introduction of the dollar, coins came in denominations of 1c, 2c, 5c, 10c, 20c, and 50c. The 1c and 2c coins were bronze, the others were cupro-nickel. To ease transition, the 5c, 10c, and 20c were the same size as the sixpence, shilling and florin that they respectively replaced. Until 1970 the ten-cent coin bore the additional legend \"One Shilling\". The obverse designs of all", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "12926987", "text": "put into circulation in around 1991. In October 1999, a commemorative $10 note was issued for the new millennium. The note demonstrated the security features that were possible with polymer banknotes, which were being introduced into general circulation at the time. New Zealand's banknotes incorporate many security features to prevent counterfeiting. The use of polymer makes the current series of banknotes very difficult and expensive to counterfeit due to the vast array of security features. Some of the security features are: The Reserve Bank accepts all New Zealand currency for payment at face value. This applies to all demonetised or", "title": "Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "20950955", "text": "entry into society after the Europeans arrived. The first one, The Union Bank of Australia, made its first appearance in Britannia in 1840. It did not take long for others to follow suit and soon there were a large number of banks, state and foreign-owned, that emerged. At first, there was no central authority to regulate or administer the currency and so all banks operated independently and issued their own currency. Today, banks must be registered with the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, which the nation's central bank and issues all the currency. In 1851 the government opened the Colonial", "title": "Economic history of New Zealand" }, { "id": "16219349", "text": "New Zealand two-cent coin The New Zealand two-cent coin was the second smallest denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar from the currency's introduction in 1967 to its demonetisation, along with the one-cent coin, on 30 April 1990. Its reverse featured two kōwhai flowers, considered emblematic of New Zealand. The image was designed by Reginald George James Berry, who designed the reverses for all coins introduced that year. Coins of the New Zealand dollar were introduced on 10 July 1967 to replace the pre-decimal New Zealand pound, which was pegged to the British pound. The dollar was pegged at two", "title": "New Zealand two-cent coin" }, { "id": "16006927", "text": "on which Captain Cook became the first Briton to reach New Zealand, in October 1769. The obverse, as per all New Zealand coins, features the reigning monarch, which throughout the coin's mintage has only been Queen Elizabeth II. Following a 1959 committee, it was agreed in 1963 that New Zealand would use decimal currency. In 1964, the denominations, designs, weights and diameters of the coins were confirmed in the \"Decimal Currency Act\". The decimal dollar replaced the New Zealand pound (pegged to the British pound) at the rate of two dollars per pound, thus a fifty-cent coin would be a", "title": "New Zealand fifty-cent coin" }, { "id": "1404667", "text": "same, but were changed slightly to accommodate new security features, with the most obvious changes being the two transparent windows. New banknotes are being printed in New Zealand at the moment. The new notes are the same sizes and denominations as the older banknotes, and they will continue to be made of the same flexible plastic material. The themes of the notes remain the same, with the same respected New Zealanders, the Queen, and flora and fauna remaining central to the designs. The $5 and $10 notes were released in October 2015, with the $20, $50 and $100 notes set", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "2920202", "text": "New Zealand legal tender notes and coins. The Reserve Bank controls the issuing of currency to banks and also replaces used and damaged money from circulation. In March 2005 the bank decided to remove the 5 cent coin from circulation (the following year), as well as reducing the size of 10, 20 and 50 cent coins. The Reserve Bank accepts all New Zealand currency for payment at face value. This applies to all demonetised or withdrawn currency, however such currency need not be accepted by money changers as it is no longer legal tender. All decimal notes are legal tender", "title": "Reserve Bank of New Zealand" }, { "id": "12926986", "text": "$20, $50, and $100 notes were released in May 2016. Both the older 1999–2014 and the new issues will be legal tender. These banknotes are in regular circulation as of October 2015 and in May 2016. Due to changes in printer, designs, and base material, there have been several designs on New Zealand banknotes. With the exception of the demonetised $1 and $2 notes, all decimal notes are still legal tender, although it is rare to see them in regular circulation. In 1990, a commemorative $10 note was printed to commemorate 150 Years of the Treaty of Waitangi. This was", "title": "Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "13548312", "text": "when the large U.S. investment banks such as Bear Stearns failed. The mint does not produce bank notes or coins of the New Zealand dollar - those coins are minted primarily at the Royal Mint and Royal Canadian Mint for the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. New Zealand Mint New Zealand Mint () is a privately owned company in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the only privately owned mint in New Zealand, purchasing refined gold from international sources to produce coins. The company trades in precious metals including gold bullion, and is a physical storage provider. Using the tag-line \"Minters", "title": "New Zealand Mint" }, { "id": "13548311", "text": "New Zealand Mint New Zealand Mint () is a privately owned company in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the only privately owned mint in New Zealand, purchasing refined gold from international sources to produce coins. The company trades in precious metals including gold bullion, and is a physical storage provider. Using the tag-line \"Minters of the South Pacific\", the mint produces collector and bullion coins for a number of pacific nations, including Fiji, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tuvalu During the late-2000s recession, New Zealand Mint saw a substantial upturn of business, doing a month's worth of transactions each day", "title": "New Zealand Mint" }, { "id": "10041285", "text": "strongly resembles the British one penny coin in size, weight and appearance and the unchanged one dollar coin remains very similar to the Fijian counterpart. There is also occasional confusion between the New Zealand one dollar coin and the Australian two dollar coin, and similarly between the New Zealand two dollar coin and Australian one dollar coin, on account of the coins' similar sizes and weights. Coins of the New Zealand dollar This article concerns the coins of the New Zealand dollar. Prior to 10 July 1967, the New Zealand pound, using the £sd system, was the currency of New", "title": "Coins of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "16219335", "text": "New Zealand five-cent coin The New Zealand five-cent coin was the lowest denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar from 1990 to 2006. The five-cent coin was introduced when the New Zealand dollar was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand sixpence coin. On 31 July 2006 it was eliminated as part of a revision of New Zealand's coins, and it was demonetised (no longer legal tender) as of 1 November 2006. The five-cent coin was introduced on 10 July 1967 with the decimalisation of New Zealand currency, where the New Zealand dollar replaced the New Zealand pound", "title": "New Zealand five-cent coin" }, { "id": "16009551", "text": "New Zealand two-dollar coin The New Zealand two-dollar coin is the largest-denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar. It was introduced along with the one-dollar coin in 1990. Both are made from an alloy of aluminium and brass. It is the largest and heaviest coin in circulation, weighing ten grams and measuring 26.5 millimetres in diameter. Its thickness is 2.7 mm, only 0.4 mm thinner than the one-dollar coin, thus it is the second-thickest coin in the country's circulation. A two dollar banknote was used in New Zealand from the start of the dollar in 1967 until 1991 when the", "title": "New Zealand two-dollar coin" }, { "id": "1404657", "text": "4 March 1985 the dollar's value was determined from a trade-weighted basket of currencies. The NZ$ was floated on 4 March 1985 at the initial rate of US$0.4444. Since then the dollar's value has been determined by the financial markets, and has been in the range of about US$0.39 to 0.88. The dollar's post-float low was US$0.3922 on 22 November 2000, and it reached a post-float high on 9 July 2014 of US$0.8821. Much of this medium-term variation in the exchange rate has been attributed to differences in interest rates. The New Zealand dollar's value is often strongly affected by", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "16219351", "text": "441,152,065 (441 million) coins of the denomination were minted during its existence. New Zealand two-cent coin The New Zealand two-cent coin was the second smallest denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar from the currency's introduction in 1967 to its demonetisation, along with the one-cent coin, on 30 April 1990. Its reverse featured two kōwhai flowers, considered emblematic of New Zealand. The image was designed by Reginald George James Berry, who designed the reverses for all coins introduced that year. Coins of the New Zealand dollar were introduced on 10 July 1967 to replace the pre-decimal New Zealand pound, which", "title": "New Zealand two-cent coin" }, { "id": "9053244", "text": "2007 or from 2009 onwards. New Zealand twenty-cent coin The New Zealand twenty-cent coin is the second-lowest-denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar. The 20-cent coin was introduced when the New Zealand dollar was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand florin coin. Its original reverse of a kiwi was changed in 1990 when the image was moved onto the one-dollar coin. In 2006 its size was reduced and its edge altered to a Spanish flower as part of a revision of New Zealand's coins, which also saw its alloy become nickel-plated steel. On 10 July 1967, New", "title": "New Zealand twenty-cent coin" }, { "id": "16006926", "text": "New Zealand fifty-cent coin The New Zealand fifty-cent coin is a coin of the New Zealand dollar. It was the largest by denomination, diameter and mass to have been introduced on the decimalisation of the currency on 10 July 1967, replacing the pre-decimal crown coin (five shillings). On 31 July 2006, as part of a revision of New Zealand's coinage, the fifty cent was made smaller, lighter and of a cheaper alloy (nickel-plated steel). On 1 November of that year the previous larger fifty cent coin was demonetised. Both the larger and smaller coin featured on its reverse the ship", "title": "New Zealand fifty-cent coin" }, { "id": "10041271", "text": "of one pound to two dollars (10 shillings to a dollar). On the same day, new decimal coins were introduced to replace the existing pound coins. The first coins of the New Zealand dollar were 1c, 2c, 5c, 10c, 20c, and 50c. The 1c, 2c, and 50c coins were new sizes, with the 1c and 2c minted in bronze, and 50c in cupronickel. The new 5c, 10c, and 20c were the same size, weight, and value as the former sixpence, shilling, and florin coins. Indeed, until 1970, the 10 cents coin bore the additional legend \"One Shilling\". The obverse designs", "title": "Coins of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "1404670", "text": "a basket of currencies called the trade weighted index (TWI) in an effort to reduce fluctuations associated with its peg to the US dollar. The peg to the TWI was changed to a moving peg in November 1976, causing the actual value of the peg to be periodically adjusted. Since the late 1990s, and certainly since the end of the Cold War the US dollar has had less and less overall influence over the value of both the NZ$ and A$ against other currencies. The New Zealand dollar contributes greatly to the total global exchange market—far in excess of New", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "15998354", "text": "year. Coins of the New Zealand dollar were introduced on 10 July 1967 to replace the pre-decimal New Zealand pound, which was pegged to the British pound. The dollar was pegged at two to a pound, thus 200 cents to the pound. Although New Zealand's previous one-penny coin was 1/240 of a pound, the one-cent coin was made as an exact replacement for the penny's value. The original obverse was Arnold Machin's portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, and was used until 1985. In 1986 the portrait was changed to the version by Raphael Maklouf, introduced to the coins of the", "title": "New Zealand one-cent coin" }, { "id": "15129383", "text": "New Zealand bank account number New Zealand bank account numbers in NZD follow a standardised format of 16 digits: While the New Zealand format is similar to Australia's Bank State Branch, the two systems are not interchangeable. New Zealand bank account numbers in foreign currencies vary by bank. The origins of the format lay in the establishment of the Databank Systems Limited, a company set up by a consortium of competing New Zealand banks, to provide computing resources (development and operational) for the consortium members. Bank codes are coordinated by Payments NZ who administer the Bulk Electronic Clearing System (BECS).", "title": "New Zealand bank account number" }, { "id": "1404658", "text": "currency trading, and is among the 10 most-traded currencies. On 11 June 2007 the Reserve Bank sold an unknown worth of New Zealand dollars for nine billion USD in an attempt to drive down its value. This is the first intervention in the markets by the Bank since the float in 1985. Two suspected interventions followed, but they were not as successful as the first: the first appeared to be initially effective, with the dollar dropping to approximately US$0.7490 from near US$0.7620. However, within little more than a month it had risen to new post-float highs, reaching US$0.8103 on 23", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "15998353", "text": "New Zealand one-cent coin The New Zealand one-cent coin was the smallest denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar from the currency's introduction in 1967 to its demonetisation, along with the two-cent coin, on 30 April 1990. With a diameter of 17.53 millimetres, it is the smallest coin ever issued of the dollar, and at 2.07 grams in mass the lightest as well. Its reverse featured a fern leaf, a sign of New Zealand, associated also with its national rugby union team. The image was designed by Reginald George James Berry, who designed the reverses for all coins introduced that", "title": "New Zealand one-cent coin" }, { "id": "1404663", "text": "coins smaller and use plated steel to make them lighter. After a three-month public submission period that ended on 4 February 2005, the Reserve Bank announced on 31 March that it would go ahead with the proposed changes. The changeover period started on 31 July 2006, with the old coins usable until 31 October 2006. The old 50c, 20c, 10c and 5c pieces are now no longer legal tender, but are still redeemable at the Reserve Bank. Prior to the change over, these coins were similar, same for the legend and reverse artwork, to international (mainly Commonwealth) coins of the", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "12926979", "text": "first issue notes are rare collectibles today. Decimalisation of the New Zealand currency occurred on 10 July 1967, when the New Zealand pound was replaced by the New Zealand dollar at a rate of one pound to two dollars (10 shillings to a dollar). On the same day, new decimal banknotes were introduced to replace the existing pound banknotes, in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, and $100. These first decimal banknotes all featured a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, the Queen of New Zealand, on the obverse. The reverse featured a native New Zealand bird and a native", "title": "Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "1404664", "text": "same British-derived sizes, which led to coins from other currencies, particularly older coins, being accepted by vending machines and many retailers. On 23 March 2015, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand issued its first commemorative circulating coin to mark the centenary of the Gallipoli landings. The coin was also New Zealand's first colour circulating coin. 1 million coins, with a denomination of 50c, were minted. On 1 October 2018 the Reserve Bank of New Zealand issued its second commemorative circulating coin to mark the centenary of Armistice day. The coin was also New Zealand's second colour circulating coin. 2 million", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "1404669", "text": "for 2015, a \"clear winner\" among nearly 40 eligible designs from a record 20 countries. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand released the new $5 and $10 notes in October as part of its Brighter Money range. The $5 shows mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary facing the South Island's Aoraki/Mount Cook, and, on the other side, a rare yellow-eyed penguin and local flora. With the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, both Australia and New Zealand converted the mostly-fixed foreign exchange regimes to a moving peg against the US dollar. In September 1974, Australia moved to a peg against", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "20950961", "text": "the overall gain from migration was just 40,000. It was not until the 1930s that New Zealand established its own central bank titled The Reserve Bank of New Zealand, it was established in 1934 and was constituted under the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act of 1989 with its primary purpose being to provide \"stability in the general level of prices\". Before then, all monetary policy was decided in the United Kingdom and New Zealand Pound, which was the currency until 1967, was issued by independent, private banks. One of the very first measures the new central bank took was", "title": "Economic history of New Zealand" }, { "id": "10944266", "text": "New Zealand twenty-dollar note The New Zealand twenty-dollar note ($20) is the current middle denomination banknote of the New Zealand dollar. The $20 note was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand ten-pound note. The first $20 notes featured Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse, with a window watermark panel showing a portrait of Captain James Cook. The obverse featured a kererū (\"Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae\") and a miro (\"Prumnopitys ferruginea\"). This issue's design was very similar to the first issue, with the most obvious difference being the updated portrait of Queen Elizabeth II. There is also some", "title": "New Zealand twenty-dollar note" }, { "id": "282973", "text": "\"New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1\" – 1.4771 (2016), 1.2652 (2012), 1.3869 (2005), 1.5248 (2004), 1.9071 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997), 1.4543 (1996), 1.5235 (1995) Economy of New Zealand The economy of New Zealand is the 53rd-largest national economy in the world when measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and the 68th-largest in the world when measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). New Zealand has one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade – mainly with Australia, the European Union, the United States, China, South Korea, Japan", "title": "Economy of New Zealand" }, { "id": "16006929", "text": "milling – the current version is plain. From 1967 to 1985 all New Zealand coins featured Arnold Machin's portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse. James Berry was selected to design the reverse of all of New Zealand's decimal coins, and his fifty cent design featured , the ship on which Captain Cook became the first Briton to reach New Zealand in October 1769. Mount Taranaki is seen in the distance and the legend \"ENDEAVOUR\" is written on the bottom. The design remains unchanged to the present day. New Zealand adopted decimal currency on 10 July 1967 and $5,000,000", "title": "New Zealand fifty-cent coin" }, { "id": "1404665", "text": "coins, with a denomination of 50c, were minted. In 1967, notes were introduced in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20 and $100, with all except the $5 replacing their pound predecessors. The original series of dollar notes featured on the obverse a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II wearing Queen Alexandra's Kokoshnik tiara, King George's VI festoon necklace, and Queen Mary's floret earrings, while the reverse featured native birds and plants. The notes were changed slightly in 1981 due to a change of printer (from De La Rue to Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co.)—the most noticeable difference being the portrait based", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "6405669", "text": "Zealand pound had fallen to a value of only 16 shillings sterling. In 1948 however, it was once again restored to its original sterling value. In 1967, New Zealand decimalised its currency, replacing the pound with the dollar at a rate of $2 = £1 (or $1 = 10s). In November of that year, the pound sterling devalued, and New Zealand used this as an opportunity to re-align its new dollar to parity with the Australian dollar. For a more general view of history in the wider region, see History of pound sterling in Oceania. Initially, British and Australian coins", "title": "New Zealand pound" }, { "id": "10944270", "text": "can vary depending on quantity, weight, area and the vendor. Tinnies are often frowned upon even by regular marijuana consumers, the term and sale of which are typically only common in rougher areas of the towns and cities. New Zealand twenty-dollar note The New Zealand twenty-dollar note ($20) is the current middle denomination banknote of the New Zealand dollar. The $20 note was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand ten-pound note. The first $20 notes featured Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse, with a window watermark panel showing a portrait of Captain James Cook. The", "title": "New Zealand twenty-dollar note" }, { "id": "6726398", "text": "Cook Islands dollar The dollar is the currency of the Cook Islands. The dollar is subdivided into 100 \"cents\", although some 50 cent coins carry the denomination as \"50 \"tene\"\". Until 1967, the New Zealand pound was used on the Cook Islands, when it was replaced by the New Zealand dollar. In 1972, coins were issued specifically for the Cook Islands, with banknotes appearing in 1987. The Cook Islands dollar is pegged at par to the New Zealand dollar. The currency of New Zealand and the Cook Islands circulate concurrently within the country. Coins have been struck on different occasions", "title": "Cook Islands dollar" }, { "id": "282729", "text": "has one of the largest economies in the South Pacific, with a GDP of US$9.89 billion in 2011. The nominal GDP per capita was US$38,921 (at market exchange rates) in 2011. It is higher than New Zealand's, though there is significant inequality in income distribution, and long-standing structural imbalances between the economically dominant South Province and the less developed North Province and Loyalty Islands. The currency in use in New Caledonia is the CFP franc, pegged to the euro at a rate of 1,000 CFP to 8.38 euros. It is issued by the Institut d'Emission d'Outre-Mer. Real GDP grew by", "title": "New Caledonia" }, { "id": "6405671", "text": "the smaller silver coin until decimalisation in 1967. Commemorative crowns (full crowns, or five shillings, or two half crowns) were minted in 1935, 1949, and 1953 for the Treaty of Waitangi, a royal visit, and the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, respectively. Until 1934, private trading banks issued notes. The first bank notes were issued in New Zealand in March 1840 by the Union Bank of Australia at Britannia, now Wellington, then the New Zealand Banking Company followed in September 1840 at Kororareka, now Russell. These banks issued notes in New Zealand: Between 1852 and 1856, the Colonial Bank of", "title": "New Zealand pound" }, { "id": "10041283", "text": "the Reserve Bank Act 1989, there are limits on the amount that constitutes legal tender: Due to regional travel and the fact that many other former British colonies around the world use coinage systems with British-derived origins of sizing and weight, many Fijian, Samoan, Singaporean, South African, and especially Australian coins had been in daily circulation in New Zealand despite not being official legal tender. It is of note that the United Kingdom itself does not use these sizes of coins any more, and there has been the odd case of foreign coins appearing in a customer's change. The consistently", "title": "Coins of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "14592185", "text": "of the Pitcairn Islands Government. The coin reverses depict as follows: Elizabeth II is depicted on all coins of the Pitcairn Islands as Head of State and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of which the Pitcairn Islands are a territory. Pitcairn Islands dollar The Pitcairn Islands is a non-sovereign British overseas territory and the New Zealand dollar is used as exchange. Pitcairn Islands began issuing its first commemorative coins in 1988. Though the Pitcairn Islands dollar is not a true currency in the strict sense of the word, and is not used as a", "title": "Pitcairn Islands dollar" }, { "id": "16218509", "text": "coin replacement. The new 10-cent coin had the same reverse as the 1967 to 2006 minted coins and the same obverse as the 1999-onward coins, but the coins were reduced in size. The new 10-cent coins are made of steel, plated with copper. The new coins are 20.5 mm in diameter and 3.30 grams in weight. They have unmilled edges. The old 10-cent coins were demonetised on 1 November 2006. New Zealand ten-cent coin The New Zealand ten-cent coin is the lowest-denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar. The 10-cent coin was introduced when the New Zealand dollar was introduced", "title": "New Zealand ten-cent coin" }, { "id": "6405674", "text": "privately held gold was confiscated and paid for in RBNZ banknotes. In all cases, the currency's value to collectors is now far higher than its face value, due to its rarity. A prime example is a first issue Union Bank £1 from the 1840s returned to New Zealand in 1934, for redemption at face value, by its owner in the United States. Today a similar note would be valued in excess of £10,000 sterling. £50 notes of the Reserve Bank are also extremely rare and fetch a high price from collectors. The note signed by Chief Cashier T. P. Hannah", "title": "New Zealand pound" }, { "id": "15998356", "text": "minted during its existence. New Zealand one-cent coin The New Zealand one-cent coin was the smallest denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar from the currency's introduction in 1967 to its demonetisation, along with the two-cent coin, on 30 April 1990. With a diameter of 17.53 millimetres, it is the smallest coin ever issued of the dollar, and at 2.07 grams in mass the lightest as well. Its reverse featured a fern leaf, a sign of New Zealand, associated also with its national rugby union team. The image was designed by Reginald George James Berry, who designed the reverses for", "title": "New Zealand one-cent coin" }, { "id": "6726407", "text": "bear images of items, events, and panorama relevant to native Polynesian culture. In June 1995, the government of the Cook Islands began exchanging all of the larger banknotes for New Zealand currency, but the 3-dollar note and all coins remain in use. Cook Islanders are showing a preference for New Zealand's banknotes, however Cooks Islands notes can be acquired at any national bank branch upon request. Cook Islands dollar The dollar is the currency of the Cook Islands. The dollar is subdivided into 100 \"cents\", although some 50 cent coins carry the denomination as \"50 \"tene\"\". Until 1967, the New", "title": "Cook Islands dollar" }, { "id": "5017477", "text": "Zealand banknotes. In 1967, five and a half years after independence, new coins and notes were introduced replacing the New Zealand Pound as the official currency. Coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 50 sene and $1 in equal size to the coins of New Zealand. 1 and 2 sene coins were struck in bronze, while the higher denominations were struck in cupro-nickel. All featured the national emblem on the reverse and the Head of State Malietoa Tanumafili on the obverse. In 1974, a new coin series was introduced, designed by James Bass with a theme", "title": "Samoan tālā" }, { "id": "282891", "text": "of all GDP activity . Large-scale manufacturing industries include aluminium production, food processing, metal fabrication, wood and paper products. Mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas, water, and waste services accounted for 16.5% of GDP . The primary sector continues to dominate New Zealand's exports, despite accounting for only 6.5% of GDP . The major capital market is the New Zealand Exchange, known as the NZX. , NZX had a total of 258 listed securities with a combined market capitalisation of NZD $94.1 billion. New Zealand's currency, the New Zealand dollar (informally known as the \"Kiwi dollar\") also circulates in five Pacific island", "title": "Economy of New Zealand" }, { "id": "16058486", "text": "New Zealand five-dollar note The New Zealand five-dollar note was first issued on 10 July 1967 when New Zealand decimalised its currency, changing from the New Zealand pound to the New Zealand dollar. The notes originally depicted Queen Elizabeth II; since 1992 they have depicted Sir Edmund Hillary. On the front of the notes Queen Elizabeth II is pictured. There is a watermark of Captain James Cook. On the back of the note is a tui, which is a bird that eats nectar. The plant the bird is perched on is a kōwhai, which is a tree with honey blossoms.", "title": "New Zealand five-dollar note" }, { "id": "1404662", "text": "The coins were demonetised on 30 April 1990. The lack of 1c and 2c coins meant that cash transactions were normally rounded to the nearest 5c (10c from 2006), a process known as Swedish rounding. On 11 February 1991, aluminium-bronze $1 and $2 coins were introduced to replace existing $1 and $2 notes. In 1999, Ian Rank-Broadley's portrait of the Queen was introduced and the legend rearranged to read NEW ZEALAND ELIZABETH II. On 11 November 2004 the Reserve Bank announced that it proposed to take the 5c coin out of circulation and to make the 50c, 20c and 10c", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "16218508", "text": "former pre-decimal pound currency, pegged to the British pound, was changed to a decimal dollar at a rate of two dollars to a pound. Therefore, 10 cents was worth a twentieth of a pound. The 10-cent coin replaced the shilling coin. The coin was made of cupronickel, 23.62 mm in diameter, and weighed 5.66 grams. It included the word \"shilling\" for the years 1967, 1968 and 1969; this was dropped in 1970. On 31 July 2006, the new 10-cent coin was released alongside the new 20-cent and 50-cent coins as part of the Reserve Bank's \"Change for the better\" silver", "title": "New Zealand ten-cent coin" }, { "id": "10041274", "text": "to round the total price down (so that $4.99 became $4.95 instead of $5.00). Alternatively, many retailers rounded all their prices to the nearest 5 cents to avoid the issue entirely—so a New Zealand shopper often encountered products for sale at prices like $4.95. On 11 February 1991, $1 and $2 coins were introduced to replace the $1 and $2 notes in circulation. These coins were minted in aluminium bronze, and were the first New Zealand coins to be minted to metric specifications. At the same time, because the new $1 coin depicted a kiwi, the 20c coin reverse design", "title": "Coins of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "1404661", "text": "the coins featured Arnold Machin's portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, with the legend ELIZABETH II NEW ZEALAND [date]. The reverse sides of coins introduced in 1967 did not follow the designs that were originally intended for them. Those modern art and sculpture themed designs were leaked to a newspaper and met a very negative public reaction. The final releases were given more conservative designs in line with public expectations. In 1986, New Zealand adopted Raphael Maklouf's new portrait of the Queen. The 1c and 2c coins were last minted for circulation in 1987, with collector coins being made for 1988.", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "282934", "text": "order to create the needed supply of dairy farming. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand was established as New Zealand's central bank on 1 August 1934. Up until that time New Zealand's monetary policy had been set in the United Kingdom, and the New Zealand Pound was issued by private banks. A separate central bank gave New Zealand's government control of monetary policy for the first time, although New Zealand remained part of the Sterling area by pegging its pound to the British Pound until the introduction of the New Zealand Dollar in 1967, when the dollar was instead pegged", "title": "Economy of New Zealand" }, { "id": "16009555", "text": "2009 or 2010. In total $202,100,000 worth of two-dollar coins have been minted (101.05 million coins). New Zealand two-dollar coin The New Zealand two-dollar coin is the largest-denomination coin of the New Zealand dollar. It was introduced along with the one-dollar coin in 1990. Both are made from an alloy of aluminium and brass. It is the largest and heaviest coin in circulation, weighing ten grams and measuring 26.5 millimetres in diameter. Its thickness is 2.7 mm, only 0.4 mm thinner than the one-dollar coin, thus it is the second-thickest coin in the country's circulation. A two dollar banknote was", "title": "New Zealand two-dollar coin" }, { "id": "10041273", "text": "Queen. Towards the end of the 1980s, the 1c and 2c were becoming of little value, and it was decided to withdraw these coins from circulation. The last coins of these denominations were minted for circulation in 1987, with collector coins being made for 1988. The coins were slowly withdrawn from circulation, before finally being demonetised (no longer legal tender) on 1 May 1990. After the withdrawal of these coins, cash transactions were normally rounded to the nearest 5 cents, a process known as Swedish rounding. Some larger retailers (notably one supermarket chain), in the interests of public relations, elected", "title": "Coins of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "10944269", "text": "is a fern printed on the both sides; when held up to the light the fern will be complete and match up perfectly. Above the oval window, there is a watermark of Elizabeth II when it's held up to the light. When put under UV Light a yellow patch will appear with the denomination on it. A tinnie is a colloquial term coined for marijuana buds wrapped in aluminium foil (typically around 1g) which are illegally sold in New Zealand. The most popular price and form of currency used in exchange for tinnies is a 20 dollar note, although this", "title": "New Zealand twenty-dollar note" }, { "id": "1932016", "text": "Sterling Exchange Suspension Notice that suspended provisions of a 1936 amendment of the 1933 Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act. In 1964, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act restated that only notes issued by the Reserve Bank were legal tender. The Act also ended the right of individuals to redeem their bank notes for coin, effectively ending the distinction between coin and notes in New Zealand. The Act came into force in 1967 establishing as legal tender all New Zealand dollar five dollars banknotes and greater, all decimal coins, the pre-decimal sixpence, the shilling, and the florin. Also passed", "title": "Legal tender" }, { "id": "1404659", "text": "July 2007. After reaching its post-float record high in early 2008, the value of the NZ$ plummeted throughout much of the 2nd half of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009 as a response to the global economic downturn and flight by investors away from \"riskier\" currencies such as the NZ$. The NZ$ bottomed out at approximately US$0.50 on 6 March 2009. However, it rebounded strongly as the year progressed, reaching the US$0.75 range by November 2009. By late 2012, the dollar was holding above 80 US cents, occasionally reaching 85¢, prompting calls from the Green Party for quantitative easing.", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "12959985", "text": "on 10 July 1967. The reason for replacing the note was due to inflation making the note more expensive to produce, and notes had to be replaced regularly due to wear and tear. The $1 coins, and $2 coins, were first minted in 1990 but circulated in 1991. The $1 notes were withdrawn later that year. The new $1 coin was made of aluminium bronze, and was 23.0 mm in diameter, 2.74 mm thick, and 8.0 g in weight. The edge of the coin consisted of eight sections, alternating between milling and plain sections. The reverse of the coin was", "title": "New Zealand one-dollar coin" }, { "id": "16058491", "text": "will line up perfectly. When the note is put under UV Light a yellow patch should appear with the number \"5\" through the use of fluorescent dyes. New Zealand five-dollar note The New Zealand five-dollar note was first issued on 10 July 1967 when New Zealand decimalised its currency, changing from the New Zealand pound to the New Zealand dollar. The notes originally depicted Queen Elizabeth II; since 1992 they have depicted Sir Edmund Hillary. On the front of the notes Queen Elizabeth II is pictured. There is a watermark of Captain James Cook. On the back of the note", "title": "New Zealand five-dollar note" }, { "id": "16066653", "text": "New Zealand ten-dollar note The New Zealand ten-dollar note is a polymer banknote. It was issued in 1999 from the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. Two commemorative banknotes have also been issued. One of the notes was to celebrate New Zealand's Treaty of Waitangi and was released in 1990. Another polymer banknote was issued in 1999 to celebrate the new millennium. A ten-dollar note was issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand to celebrate New Zealand's Treaty of Waitangi in 1990. The front of the bill has a portrait of Kate Sheppard. To the right of the portrait is", "title": "New Zealand ten-dollar note" }, { "id": "2920206", "text": "on insurance business in New Zealand. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand was established from 1 August 1934 by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 1933. The Reserve Bank first issued banknotes in 1934, see New Zealand pound. The following have served as governors of the Reserve Bank: Reserve Bank of New Zealand The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ, ) is the central bank of New Zealand. It was established in 1934 and is constituted under the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 1989. The Governor of the Reserve Bank is responsible for New Zealand's currency and operating", "title": "Reserve Bank of New Zealand" }, { "id": "1404666", "text": "upon a photograph by Peter Grugeon, in which Queen Elizabeth II is wearing Grand Duchess Vladimir's tiara and Queen Victoria's golden jubilee necklace. The $50 note was added in 1983 to fill the long gap between the $20 and the $100 notes. $1 and $2 notes were discontinued in 1991 after being replaced with coins. A new series of notes was introduced in 1992. The obverse of each note featured a notable New Zealander, while the reverse featured a native New Zealand bird and New Zealand scenery. In 1999, polymer notes replaced the paper notes. The designs remained much the", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "15998355", "text": "pound sterling in 1985. In 1988, the bronze one and two-cent coins had become too expensive to produce as inflation lowered the value of the dollar and their minting ceased. They remained legal tender until 30 April 1990. According to the Reserve Bank of New Zealand no one-cent coins were issued in 1968 or 1969 due to the large amount issued on their introduction in 1967, or in 1977. In years with no regular mintings, coins were still issued in mint sets. Counting proofs and coins in mint sets, a total of 553,466,065 (553 million) coins of the denomination were", "title": "New Zealand one-cent coin" }, { "id": "16009553", "text": "Ian Rank-Broadley, which had been introduced to the coins of the pound sterling in 1998. It reversed the position of the writing, moving the Queen's name to the right and the country's name to the left. The reverse features an eastern great egret (\"Ardea alba modesta\") (Maori: \"kotuku\"). It is sacred to New Zealand's indigenous Māori people, and highly endangered within the country, only inhabiting the Okarito Lagoon on the South Island. This continues the theme of birds among the dollar coins; the one-dollar coin has a kiwi, unique to New Zealand, on its reverse. The edge is fully milled,", "title": "New Zealand two-dollar coin" }, { "id": "12959987", "text": "read \"NEW ZEALAND ELIZABETH II [year of minting]\". In 2006 the Reserve Bank of New Zealand replaced the 10c, 20c and 50c coins in circulation with smaller, lighter ones, and removed the 5c coin from circulation. The $1 remained the same as it was relatively new (the oldest $1 coins were only 14 years old), they circulated well, and the extra expense of adapting machines that only took $1 coins. Another reason for the change in size was that the 10c and $1 coin were very similar in size, being only 0.62 mm different in diameter. These coins can be", "title": "New Zealand one-dollar coin" }, { "id": "6405670", "text": "circulated in New Zealand. The devaluation of the New Zealand pound relative to sterling in the 1930s led to the issue of distinct New Zealand coins in 1933, in denominations of 3d, 6d, 1s, 2s (the florin) and s (the half-crown), minted in 50% silver until 1946 and in cupro-nickel from 1947. In 1940, bronze ½d and 1d coins were introduced. All these denominations were the same size and weight as their equivalents in the Australian and UK coinage (although Australia never minted the half-crown). When the UK introduced the nickel-brass twelve sided threepenny bit, New Zealand continued to use", "title": "New Zealand pound" }, { "id": "10041279", "text": "Spirit of Anzac We Will Remember Them\" and \"1915-2015\" in reference to the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli in 1915. It is the first circulating coin to feature colour, a black background around the soldiers. The coins are limited to 1,000,000 and were minted by Canadian Mint. The second one was released on 1 October 2018 and also has a monetary value of 50c. It also features the standard obverse design but on the reverse it features a RSA poopy in the middle, surrounded by a free formed remembrance wreath that has incorporated the silver fern and the", "title": "Coins of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "12926985", "text": "modifications for the new security features. Around 1999 - 2000, a commemorative $10 note was issued for the new millennium. In July 2011, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand announced a new issue of banknotes will be released for circulation from 2015. The new issue will use the same basic designs as the fifth and sixth note issues, but the overall look will be refreshed and the security features will be upgraded. The new banknote designs were finally revealed in a ceremony on 20 November 2014. The new type $5 and $10 notes were released in October 2015, and the", "title": "Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "1404656", "text": "million new banknotes were printed and 165 million new coins were minted for the changeover. The New Zealand dollar was initially pegged to the US dollar at US$1.43 = NZ$1. This rate changed on 21 November of the same year to US$1.12 = NZ$1 after the devaluation of the British pound (see Bretton Woods system), although New Zealand devalued more than the UK. In 1971 the US devalued its dollar relative to gold, leading New Zealand on 23 December to peg its dollar at US$1.216 with a 4.5% fluctuation range, keeping the same gold value. From 9 July 1973 to", "title": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "12926989", "text": "note, of which there are four. For instance, if a $5 note is ripped in half vertically, two \"5\" symbols will still be visible on each half, and the amount exchanged will be $2.50 for each half. To receive payment people can return in the note to any commercial bank or the Reserve Bank in Wellington. Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar This article concerns the banknotes of the New Zealand dollar Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar have all been issued by the Reserve Bank which also had two pre-dollar issues. Consequently, the first dollar issue is the third", "title": "Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "16009554", "text": "unique amongst New Zealand's current currency. The 1997 NZ $2 coin was recalled quickly and destroyed due to an error that resulted in vending machines and parking meters rejecting them. This was due to the metal composition of the coin being slightly different to previous years, meaning that the conductivity of the 1997 coin was irregular. As most coin mechanisms use conductivity to verify a coin, this discrepancy resulted in widespread rejection of the coin. According to figures from the Reserve Bank of New Zealand no two-dollar coins were issued from 1992 to 1996, or in 2000, 2004, 2006, 2007,", "title": "New Zealand two-dollar coin" }, { "id": "12926988", "text": "withdrawn currency, however such currency need not be accepted by money changers as this is no longer legal tender. All decimal notes are legal tender except $1 and $2 notes as these have been withdrawn. Damaged notes are still usable so long as they are recognisable. In particular, the legibility of the note's serial numbers is important. The Reserve Bank website notes that as a rule of thumb if there is more than half a bank note they will pay its full value. In practice banks may pay a quarter of the value for every visible denomination figure on the", "title": "Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "6405673", "text": "10s, £1, £5 and £50. In 1940, £10 notes were added. Only two series of £1 notes were printed. The first (1934–40) featured the portrait of Matutaera Te Pukepuke Te Paue Te Karato Te-a-Pōtatau Tāwhiao, the second (1940–67) featured Captain James Cook. Notes in circulation when the dollar was introduced were: Coins and uncancelled notes issued by the six private trading banks operating in 1934 as well as the Reserve Bank of New Zealand are still redeemable at the RBNZ offices in Wellington. The RBNZ has an obligation to redeem private bank notes. Under the 1933 Reserve Bank Act the", "title": "New Zealand pound" }, { "id": "16066899", "text": "New Zealand fifty-dollar note The New Zealand fifty-dollar note ($50) is the current middle denomination banknote of the New Zealand dollar. The $50 note was introduced at the end of 1983. The 50 dollar note was issued in 1983 to fill the gap between the 20 and 100 dollar notes. The first issue had a portrait of Elizabeth II with a mango-orange (yellowish-orange) background. On the back is a morepork or ruru, New Zealand's only extant native owl. The owl is perched on a pohutukawa, a tree found on the New Zealand coast and often referred to as \"The New", "title": "New Zealand fifty-dollar note" }, { "id": "16219336", "text": "at a rate of two dollars to a pound, with six pence in the old pound currency equaling five cents in the new one. The new five cent coin was the same size and composition as the old sixpence coin it replaced to ease the transition. The coin was made of cupronickel, 19.43 mm in diameter, and weighed 2.83 grams. By the early 2000s, the five-cent coin had become of little value due to inflation. The coin was subsequently demonetised effective 1 November 2006. Counting proofs and coins in mint sets, a total of 617,508,200 (618 million) coins of the", "title": "New Zealand five-cent coin" }, { "id": "12926984", "text": "of the New Zealand banknotes to a company in Whangarei, in perpetuity\"\". So the only way out of a hopeless bargaining position was to redesign the banknotes. The Whangarei firm was a subsidiary of a British company, and after going out to tender the same Whangarei company won, but this time the price per note was substantially less. In 1999, New Zealand changed from paper banknotes to polymer banknotes. The change increased the life of the banknotes fourfold, and also allowed new and improved security features to prevent counterfeiting. The overall design of the notes remained unchanged albeit for slight", "title": "Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar" }, { "id": "2920201", "text": "influence short term demand in the New Zealand Economy and use this to control prices. Adjustments to the official cash rate are made eight times a year. It can make unscheduled adjustments but does not usually do so. Like all modern monetary systems, the monetary system in New Zealand is based on fiat and fractional-reserve banking. In a fractional-reserve banking system, the largest portion of money created is not created by the Reserve Bank itself, 80% or more is created by private sector commercial banks. The Bank by virtue of the Reserve Bank Act has the sole right of issuing", "title": "Reserve Bank of New Zealand" }, { "id": "16219350", "text": "to a pound, thus 200 cents to the pound. The new two-cent coin replaced the old threepence coin. The original obverse was Arnold Machin's portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, and was used until 1985. In 1986 the portrait was changed to the version by Raphael Maklouf, introduced to the coins of the pound sterling in 1985. In 1988, the bronze one and two-cent coins had become too expensive to produce as inflation lowered the value of the dollar and their minting ceased. They remained legal tender until 30 April 1990. Counting proofs and coins in mint sets, a total of", "title": "New Zealand two-cent coin" }, { "id": "16066654", "text": "a red circle with a bird with the year \"1990\" underneath the circle. The back shows the treaty being signed by a group of people. To the right of the treaty being signed reads \"New Zealand 1990 commemorating the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi 1840\". The bill is made of cotton and the most prominent color is purple. The value is around $20(USD) to a collector. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand issued a note in 1999 to celebrate the new millennium in New Zealand. The ten-dollar bill is a polymer banknote, which is more secure than the cotton", "title": "New Zealand ten-dollar note" }, { "id": "16009552", "text": "coins became widely circulated. The original ideas to produce one- and two-dollar coins were proposed in 1986 because of ongoing inflation which had lowered the value of the dollar and would cause the demonetisation of the one and two cent coins in 1988. From its first year until 1998 the coin featured on its obverse the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by the British-Palestinian sculptor Raphael Maklouf. It had the text \"ELIZABETH II\" on the left of the portrait, \"NEW ZEALAND\" on the right and the date at the bottom. The effigy was replaced in 1999 by a portrait by", "title": "New Zealand two-dollar coin" }, { "id": "16067356", "text": "New Zealand one hundred-dollar note The New Zealand one-hundred-dollar note was issued on May 3, 1999. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand issued the note because it will last four times longer than its counterpart, the paper banknote. The \"Bank\" also said the notes are non-porous, meaning they don't absorb liquids and are therefore much cleaner. The notes have much better features than the paper notes which also deters counterfeiters. On the front is The Lord Rutherford of Nelson, who is \"The Father of the Atom\". Current understanding of the atom is based on Lord Rutherford's discoveries. To the left", "title": "New Zealand one hundred-dollar note" }, { "id": "10944267", "text": "new color changes. In 1990, all of New Zealand's notes were redesigned. The new $20 note featured Queen Elizabeth II and the New Zealand Parliament Buildings on the obverse, while the reverse featured a New Zealand Alpine scene, containing a kārearea (\"Falco novaeseelandiae\"), Marlborough rock daisy (\"Pachystegia insignis\"), Flowering red tussock (\"Chionchloa rubra\") and Mount Tapuaenuku. This note is different from the fourth series because it was issued in cotton not polymer. In 1999, the material used to make twenty dollar notes was changed to polymer. The basic design of the note remained unchanged, although new anti-counterfeiting measures such as", "title": "New Zealand twenty-dollar note" } ]

[ "alkyne-based compounds", "cycloalkanes", "alkanes" ]

[ { "id": "165466", "text": "Hydrocarbon Aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes), alkanes, cycloalkanes and alkyne-based compounds are different types of hydrocarbons. Most hydrocarbons found on Earth naturally occur in crude oil, where decomposed organic matter provides an abundance of carbon and hydrogen which, when bonded, can catenate to form seemingly limitless chains. As defined by IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry, the classifications for hydrocarbons are: Hydrocarbons can be gases (e.g. methane and propane), liquids (e.g. hexane and benzene), waxes or low melting solids (e.g. paraffin wax and naphthalene) or polymers (e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene). Because of differences in molecular structure, the empirical formula remains different between", "title": "Hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124599", "text": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, also polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) are hydrocarbons—organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen—that are composed of multiple aromatic rings (organic rings in which the electrons are delocalized). The simplest such chemicals are naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. PAHs are uncharged, non-polar molecules found in coal and in tar deposits. They are also produced by the thermal decomposition of organic matter (for example, in engines and incinerators or when biomass burns in forest fires). PAHs are abundant in the universe, and have recently been found", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "165479", "text": "are introduced into the environment through their extensive use as fuels and chemicals as well as through leaks or accidental spills during exploration, production, refining, or transport. Anthropogenic hydrocarbon contamination of soil is a serious global issue due to contaminant persistence and the negative impact on human health. Hydrocarbon Aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes), alkanes, cycloalkanes and alkyne-based compounds are different types of hydrocarbons. Most hydrocarbons found on Earth naturally occur in crude oil, where decomposed organic matter provides an abundance of carbon and hydrogen which, when bonded, can catenate to form seemingly limitless chains. As defined by IUPAC nomenclature of organic", "title": "Hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "5707", "text": "simplest example of a PAH. PAHs occur in oil, coal, and tar deposits, and are produced as byproducts of fuel burning (whether fossil fuel or biomass). As pollutants, they are of concern because some compounds have been identified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. PAHs are also found in cooked foods. Studies have shown that high levels of PAHs are found, for example, in meat cooked at high temperatures such as grilling or barbecuing, and in smoked fish. They are also found in the interstellar medium, in comets, and in meteorites and are a candidate molecule to act as a basis", "title": "Aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "5697", "text": "Aromatic hydrocarbon An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene (or sometimes aryl hydrocarbon) is a hydrocarbon with sigma bonds and delocalized pi electrons between carbon atoms forming a circle. In contrast, aliphatic hydrocarbons lack this delocalization. The term \"aromatic\" was assigned before the physical mechanism determining aromaticity was discovered; the term was coined as such simply because many of the compounds have a sweet or pleasant odour. The configuration of six carbon atoms in aromatic compounds is known as a benzene ring, after the simplest possible such hydrocarbon, benzene. Aromatic hydrocarbons can be \"monocyclic\" (MAH) or \"polycyclic\" (PAH). Some non-benzene-based compounds called", "title": "Aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124607", "text": "although the physical state of four-ring PAHs can depend on temperature. In contrast, compounds with five or more rings have low solubility in water and low volatility; they are therefore predominantly in solid state, bound to particulate air pollution, soils, or sediments. In solid state, these compounds are less accessible for biological uptake or degradation, increasing their persistence in the environment. Spiral galaxy NGC 5529 has been found to have amounts of PAHs. Human exposure varies across the globe and depends on factors such as smoking rates, fuel types in cooking, and pollution controls on power plants, industrial processes, and", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124629", "text": "parental occupational exposure, with poor fetal growth, reduced immune function, and poorer neurological development, including lower IQ. Some governmental bodies, including the European Union as well as NIOSH and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the US, regulate concentrations of PAHs in air, water, and soil. The European Commission has restricted concentrations of 8 carcinogenic PAHs in consumer products that contact the skin or mouth. Priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons identified by the US EPA, the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) due to their carcinogenicity or genotoxicity and/or ability to", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "165472", "text": "opposite extreme from methane lie the heavy tars that remain as the \"lowest fraction\" in a crude oil refining retort. They are collected and widely utilized as roofing compounds, pavement composition, wood preservatives (the creosote series) and as extremely high viscosity shear-resisting liquids. Hydrocarbon use is also prevalent in nature. Some eusocial arthropods, such as the Brazilian stingless bee \"Schwarziana quadripunctata\", use unique hydrocarbon \"scents\" in order to determine kin from non-kin. The chemical hydrocarbon composition varies between age, sex, nest location, and hierarchal position. Hydrocarbon poisoning such as that of benzene and petroleum usually occurs accidentally by inhalation or", "title": "Hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124601", "text": "six-membered rings are most common. Those composed only of six-membered rings are called \"alternant\" PAHs, which include \"benzenoid\" PAHs. The following are examples of PAHs that vary in the number and arrangement of their rings: PAHs are nonpolar and lipophilic. Larger PAHs are generally insoluble in water, although some smaller PAHs are soluble and known contaminants in drinking water. The larger members are also poorly soluble in organic solvents and in lipids. They are usually colorless. The aromaticity varies for PAHs. According to Clar's rule, the resonance structure of a PAH that has the largest number of disjoint aromatic pi", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "7240237", "text": "Oil An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (does not mix with water, literally \"water fearing\") and lipophilic (mixes with other oils, literally \"fat loving\"). Oils have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are usually flammable and surface active. The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be volatile or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical", "title": "Oil" }, { "id": "3124625", "text": "an initiated cell (a cell that has retained a carcinogenic mutation in a key gene related to cell replication) is removed from growth-suppressing signals from its neighboring cells and begins to clonally replicate. Low-molecular-weight PAHs that have bay or bay-like regions can dysregulate gap junction channels, interfering with intercellular communication, and also affect mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate transcription factors involved in cell proliferation. Closure of gap junction protein channels is a normal precursor to cell division. Excessive closure of these channels after exposure to PAHs results in removing a cell from the normal growth-regulating signals imposed by its local", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124606", "text": "are typically found as complex mixtures. Lower-temperature combustion, such as tobacco smoking or wood-burning, tends to generate low molecular weight PAHs, whereas high-temperature industrial processes typically generate PAHs with higher molecular weights. Most PAHs are insoluble in water, which limits their mobility in the environment, although PAHs sorb to fine-grained organic-rich sediments. Aqueous solubility of PAHs decreases approximately logarithmically as molecular mass increases. Two-ringed PAHs, and to a lesser extent three-ringed PAHs, dissolve in water, making them more available for biological uptake and degradation. Further, two- to four-ringed PAHs volatilize sufficiently to appear in the atmosphere predominantly in gaseous form,", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124600", "text": "to have formed possibly as early as the first couple of billion years after the Big Bang, in association with formation of new stars and exoplanets. Some studies suggest that PAHs account for a significant percentage of all carbon in the universe. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life. The tricyclic species phenanthrene and anthracene represent the starting members of the PAHs. Smaller molecules, such as benzene, are not PAHs, and PAHs are not generally considered to contain heteroatoms or carry substituents. PAHs with five or", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3010171", "text": "double or triple bond respectively are named with a prefix preceding the -ene or -yne (e.g. 2,4-pentadiene). Unsaturated hydrocarbons with both double and triple bonds have the suffix -enyne and are handled in a similar manner. The physical properties of unsaturated hydrocarbons are very similar to those of the corresponding saturated compounds. They are typically only sparingly soluble in water. Except for aromatic compounds, unsaturated hydrocarbons are reactive and undergo addition reactions to their multiple bonds. Typical reagents added are hydrogen halides, water, sulfuric acid, elemental halogens, and alcohols. To test whether the hydrocarbon is unsaturated one would typically use", "title": "Unsaturated hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "312546", "text": "relying on petroleum for energy, from cooking to heating to transportation. The \"cycloalkanes\", also known as \"naphthenes\", are saturated hydrocarbons which have one or more carbon rings to which hydrogen atoms are attached according to the formula CH. Cycloalkanes have similar properties to alkanes but have higher boiling points. The \"aromatic hydrocarbons\" are unsaturated hydrocarbons which have one or more planar six-carbon rings called benzene rings, to which hydrogen atoms are attached with the formula CH. They tend to burn with a sooty flame, and many have a sweet aroma. Some are carcinogenic. These different molecules are separated by fractional", "title": "Petroleum" }, { "id": "5706", "text": "each other (\"meta\"), or two positions removed from each other (\"para\"). Xylenol has two methyl groups in addition to the hydroxyl group, and, for this structure, 6 isomers exist. The arene ring has an ability to stabilize charges. This is seen in, for example, phenol (CH–OH), which is acidic at the hydroxyl (OH), since a charge on this oxygen (alkoxide –O) is partially delocalized into the benzene ring. Other monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon include Cyclotetradecaheptaene or Cyclooctadecanonaene. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are aromatic hydrocarbons that consist of fused aromatic rings and do not contain heteroatoms or carry substituents. Naphthalene is the", "title": "Aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124635", "text": "2018, researchers reported low-temperature chemical pathways from simple organic compounds to complex PAHs. Such chemical pathways may help explain the presence of PAHs in the low-temperature atmosphere of Saturn moon Titan, and may be significant pathways, in terms of the PAH world hypothesis, in producing presursors to biochemcals related to life as we know it. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, also polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) are hydrocarbons—organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen—that are composed of multiple aromatic rings (organic rings in which the electrons are delocalized). The simplest such chemicals are naphthalene, having two aromatic", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "165469", "text": "of atoms available to bond with carbon is equal to the number of electrons that are attracted into the outer shell of carbon. In terms of shells, carbon consists of an incomplete outer shell, which comprises 4 electrons, and thus has 4 electrons available for covalent or dative bonding. Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic like lipids. Some hydrocarbons also are abundant in the solar system. Lakes of liquid methane and ethane have been found on Titan, Saturn's largest moon, confirmed by the Cassini-Huygens Mission. Hydrocarbons are also abundant in nebulae forming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. Hydrocarbons are a primary energy source", "title": "Hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124604", "text": "rings (each has a sextet in only one of the three). Polycyclic aromatic compounds characteristically reduce to the radical anions. The redox potential correlates with the size of the PAH. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are primarily found in natural sources such as creosote. They can result from the incomplete combustion of organic matter. PAHs can also be produced geologically when organic sediments are chemically transformed into fossil fuels such as oil and coal. PAHs are considered ubiquitous in the environment and can be formed from either natural or manmade combustion sources. The dominant sources of PAHs in the environment are thus", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124623", "text": "the molecule to the metabolizing enzymes. Mutagenic metabolites of PAHs include diol epoxides, quinones, and radical PAH cations. These metabolites can bind to DNA at specific sites, forming bulky complexes called DNA adducts that can be stable or unstable. Stable adducts may lead to DNA replication errors, while unstable adducts react with the DNA strand, removing a purine base (either adenine or guanine). Such mutations, if they are not repaired, can transform genes encoding for normal cell signaling proteins into cancer-causing oncogenes. Quinones can also repeatedly generate reactive oxygen species that may independently damage DNA. Enzymes in the cytochrome family", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124611", "text": "of coal or natural gas power stations. PAHs typically disperse from urban and suburban non-point sources through road run-off, sewage, and atmospheric circulation and subsequent deposition of particulate air pollution. Soil and river sediment near industrial sites such as creosote manufacturing facilities can be highly contaminated with PAHs. Oil spills, creosote, coal mining dust, and other fossil fuel sources can also distribute PAHs in the environment. Two- and three-ringed PAHs can disperse widely while dissolved in water or as gases in the atmosphere, while PAHs with higher molecular weights can disperse locally or regionally adhered to particulate matter that is", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "296517", "text": "diesel, jet fuel and aromatic chemicals directly from natural gas via a single-loop process. In 2011, Royal Dutch Shell's per day F–T plant went into operation in Qatar. Natural gas can be \"associated\" (found in oil fields), or \"non-associated\" (isolated in natural gas fields), and is also found in coal beds (as coalbed methane). It sometimes contains a significant amount of ethane, propane, butane, and pentane—heavier hydrocarbons removed for commercial use prior to the methane being sold as a consumer fuel or chemical plant feedstock. Non-hydrocarbons such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium (rarely), and hydrogen sulfide must also be removed", "title": "Natural gas" }, { "id": "5698", "text": "heteroarenes, which follow Hückel's rule (for monocyclic rings: when the number of its π electrons equals 4\"n\" + 2, where \"n\" = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...), are also called aromatic compounds. In these compounds, at least one carbon atom is replaced by one of the heteroatoms oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom. Benzene, CH, is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, and it was the first one named", "title": "Aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "984090", "text": "Nonmetal In chemistry, a nonmetal (or non-metal) is a chemical element that mostly lacks metallic attributes. Physically, nonmetals tend to have relatively low melting and boiling points, and densities, are mostly brittle if solid, and are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity; chemically, they tend to have relatively high ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity values, and gain or share electrons when they react with other elements or compounds. Seventeen elements are generally classified as nonmetals; most are gases (hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, chlorine, argon, krypton, xenon and radon); one is a liquid (bromine), and a few", "title": "Nonmetal" }, { "id": "10015884", "text": "Total petroleum hydrocarbon Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used for any mixture of hydrocarbons that are found in crude oil. There are several hundred of these compounds, but not all occur in any one sample. Crude oil is used to make petroleum products which can contaminate the environment. Because there are so many different chemicals in crude oil and in other petroleum products, it is not practical to measure each one separately. However, it is useful to measure the total amount of TPH at a site. Chemicals that occur in TPH include hexane, benzene, toluene, xylenes, naphthalene, and", "title": "Total petroleum hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "1804609", "text": "Aromaticity In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms. Aromatic molecules are very stable, and do not break apart easily to react with other substances. Organic compounds that are not aromatic are classified as aliphatic compounds—they might be cyclic, but only aromatic rings have special stability (low reactivity). Since the most common aromatic compounds are derivatives of benzene (an aromatic hydrocarbon common in petroleum and its distillates), the word \"aromatic\"", "title": "Aromaticity" }, { "id": "8697325", "text": "Hydrocarbon mixtures Hydrocarbon mixtures are a group of various volatile, highly flammable, mixtures used chiefly as nonpolar solvents. Hydrocarbon mixtures are composed of petroleum ethers and other hydrocarbons. Petroleum ether should not be confused with the class of organic compounds called ethers; and equally, going under its alternative name of \"benzine\", it should not be confused with benzene. (Benzine is a mixture of alkanes, such as pentane, hexane, and heptane; whereas benzene is a cyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon.) A hydrocarbon is any chemical compound that consists only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). They all contain a carbon frame,", "title": "Hydrocarbon mixtures" }, { "id": "1804631", "text": "the double bond contributes one electron and the one which is not in the double bond and is in a lone pair contributes two electrons to the π system. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules containing two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two neighboring carbon atoms (see also simple aromatic rings). Examples are naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. In fused aromatics, not all carbon–carbon bonds are necessarily equivalent, as the electrons are not delocalized over the entire molecule. The aromaticity of these molecules can be explained using their orbital picture. Like benzene and other monocyclic aromatic molecules, polycyclics", "title": "Aromaticity" }, { "id": "29963", "text": "Alkene In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond. The words alkene and olefin are often used interchangeably (see nomenclature section below). Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, known as mono-enes, form a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula . Alkenes have two hydrogen atoms fewer than the corresponding alkane (with the same number of carbon atoms). The simplest alkene, ethylene (CH), with the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name \"ethene\", is the organic compound produced on the largest scale", "title": "Alkene" }, { "id": "22612", "text": "Aliphatic compound In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (; G. \"aleiphar\", fat, oil) also known as non-aromatic compounds. Aliphatics can be cyclic, but only aromatic compounds contain an especially stable ring of atoms, such as benzene. Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds (whether straight or branched) contain no rings of any type, and are thus aliphatic. Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (alkanes), or unsaturated, with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). Besides", "title": "Aliphatic compound" }, { "id": "165477", "text": "to modern energy development. Hydrocarbons are mined from oil sands and oil shale, and potentially extracted from sedimentary methane hydrates. These reserves require distillation and upgrading to produce synthetic crude and petroleum. Oil reserves in sedimentary rocks are the source of hydrocarbons for the energy, transport and petrochemical industries. Economically important hydrocarbons include fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas, and its derivatives such as plastics, paraffin, waxes, solvents and oils. Hydrocarbons – along with NO and sunlight – contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone and greenhouse gases. Bacteria in the gabbroic layer of the ocean's crust", "title": "Hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124612", "text": "suspended in air or water until the particles land or settle out of the water column. PAHs have a strong affinity for organic carbon, and thus highly organic sediments in rivers, lakes, and the ocean can be a substantial sink for PAHs. Algae and some invertebrates such as protozoans, mollusks, and many polychaetes have limited ability to metabolize PAHs and bioaccumulate disproportionate concentrations of PAHs in their tissues; however, PAH metabolism can vary substantially across invertebrate species. Most vertebrates metabolize and excrete PAHs relatively rapidly. Tissue concentrations of PAHs do not increase (biomagnify) from the lowest to highest levels of", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "19026839", "text": "sold to refineries the same as oil. The C2 through C5 hydrocarbons (ethane, propane, butane, and pentane) are known as natural gas liquids (NGLs), and remain in gaseous form until they are extracted at a gas processing plant. The division between the two classes is not perfect: some hexane, and heptane remain in the gas to be separated out as NGLs, while some butane and pentane, may separate out with the condensate. Natural gas which contains NGLs is called \"wet gas.\" Gas which naturally contains no NGLs, or gas from which the NGLs have been removed, is called \"dry gas.\"", "title": "Natural gas in the United States" }, { "id": "3152495", "text": "Saturation (chemistry) In chemistry, saturation (from the Latin word \"saturare\", meaning 'to fill') has diverse meanings, all based on the idea of reaching a maximum capacity. In organic chemistry, a saturated compound is a hydrocarbon which has no double or triple bonds. For example, consider three similar organic compounds that are progressively less saturated: ethane, ethylene, and acetylene (ethyne). Ethane, a completely saturated compound, has only single bonds between its hydrogen and carbon atoms (CH). Ethylene, an unsaturated compound of ethane, has a carbon double bond, having lost two hydrogen single bonds (CH). Finally acetylene, the completely unsaturated compound of", "title": "Saturation (chemistry)" }, { "id": "18327375", "text": "human carcinogenicity. Primary sources of dibenzopyrenes in the environment are combustion of wood and coal, gasoline and diesel exhaust, and tires. , Dibenzopyrenes Dibenzopyrenes are a group of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the molecular formula CH. There are five isomers of dibenzopyrene which differ by the arrangement of aromatic rings: dibenzo[\"a\",\"e\"]pyrene, dibenzo[\"a\",\"h\"]pyrene, dibenzo[\"a\",\"i\"]pyrene, dibenzo[\"a\",\"l\"]pyrene, and dibenzo[\"e\",\"l\"]pyrene. Dibenzopyrenes have been recognized for their suspected human carcinogenicity. The most notable dibenzopyrene isomer, dibenzo[\"a\",\"l\"]pyrene is a constituent of tobacco smoke and is thought to be 30 to 100 times more potent as a carcinogen than benzo[\"a\"]pyrene. The four dibenzopyrene isomers;", "title": "Dibenzopyrenes" }, { "id": "5708", "text": "for the earliest forms of life. In graphene the PAH motif is extended to large 2D sheets. Aromatic hydrocarbon An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene (or sometimes aryl hydrocarbon) is a hydrocarbon with sigma bonds and delocalized pi electrons between carbon atoms forming a circle. In contrast, aliphatic hydrocarbons lack this delocalization. The term \"aromatic\" was assigned before the physical mechanism determining aromaticity was discovered; the term was coined as such simply because many of the compounds have a sweet or pleasant odour. The configuration of six carbon atoms in aromatic compounds is known as a benzene ring, after the simplest", "title": "Aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "13665801", "text": "Benzo(j)fluoranthene Benzo[j]fluoranthene is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH. Classified as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), it is a colourless solid that is poorly soluble in most solvents. Impure samples can appear off white. Closely related isomeric compounds include benzo(a)fluoranthene (BaF), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(e)fluoranthene (BeF), and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF). BjF is present in fossil fuels and is released during incomplete combustion of organic matter. It has been traced in the smoke of cigarettes, exhaust from gasoline engines, emissions from the combustion of various types of coal and emissions from oil heating, as well as an impurity in some oils", "title": "Benzo(j)fluoranthene" }, { "id": "8690", "text": "not very reactive and have little biological activity. They can be viewed as molecular trees upon which can be hung the more active/reactive functional groups of biological molecules. The alkanes have two main commercial sources: petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas. An alkyl group, generally abbreviated with the symbol R, is a functional group that, like an alkane, consists solely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms connected acyclically—for example, a methyl or ethyl group. Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons having only single covalent bonds between their carbons. They can be: According to the definition by IUPAC, the former two are alkanes,", "title": "Alkane" }, { "id": "696311", "text": "tobacco smoke (e.g., hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, phenanthrene, and pyrene) do not fit neatly into this rather arbitrary classification, because they are distributed among the solid, liquid and gaseous phases. Tobacco smoke contains a number of toxicologically significant chemicals and groups of chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzopyrene), tobacco-specific nitrosamines (NNK, NNN), aldehydes (acrolein, formaldehyde), carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides, benzene, toluene, phenols (phenol, cresol), aromatic amines (nicotine, ABP (4-Aminobiphenyl)), and harmala alkaloids. The radioactive element polonium-210 is also known to occur in tobacco smoke. The chemical composition of smoke depends on puff frequency, intensity, volume, and duration at different", "title": "Tobacco smoke" }, { "id": "10015886", "text": "substances. Total petroleum hydrocarbon Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used for any mixture of hydrocarbons that are found in crude oil. There are several hundred of these compounds, but not all occur in any one sample. Crude oil is used to make petroleum products which can contaminate the environment. Because there are so many different chemicals in crude oil and in other petroleum products, it is not practical to measure each one separately. However, it is useful to measure the total amount of TPH at a site. Chemicals that occur in TPH include hexane, benzene, toluene, xylenes, naphthalene,", "title": "Total petroleum hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124622", "text": "and gasification processes. The structure of a PAH influences whether and how the individual compound is carcinogenic. Some carcinogenic PAHs are genotoxic and induce mutations that initiate cancer; others are not genotoxic and instead affect cancer promotion or progression. PAHs that affect cancer initiation are typically first chemically modified by enzymes into metabolites that react with DNA, leading to mutations. When the DNA sequence is altered in genes that regulate cell replication, cancer can result. Mutagenic PAHs, such as benzo[\"a\"]pyrene, usually have four or more aromatic rings as well as a \"bay region\", a structural pocket that increases reactivity of", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "15362127", "text": "Unburned hydrocarbon Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHCs) are the hydrocarbons emitted after petroleum is burned in an engine. When unburned fuel is emitted from a combustor, the emission is caused by fuel \"avoiding\" the flame zones. For example, in piston engines, some of the fuel-air mixture \"hides\" from the flame in the crevices provided by the piston ring grooves. Further, some regions of the combustion chamber may have a very weak flame, that is, they have either very fuel-lean or very fuel-rich conditions and consequently they have a low combustion temperature. These regions will cause intermediate species such as formaldehyde and alkenes", "title": "Unburned hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124618", "text": "the River Clyde and 626 to 3,766 µg/kg in the River Mersey. In general estuarine sediments with a higher natural total organic carbon content (TOC) tend to accumulate PAHs due to high sorption capacity of organic matter. A similar correspondence between PAHs and TOC has also been observed in the sediments of tropical mangroves located on the coast of southern China. Volcanic eruptions may emit PAHs. Certain PAHs such as perylene can also be generated in anaerobic sediments from existing organic material, although it remains undetermined whether abiotic or microbial processes drive their production. Cancer is a primary human health", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3830786", "text": "Sweet crude oil Sweet crude oil is a type of petroleum. The New York Mercantile Exchange designates petroleum with less than 0.5% sulfur as \"sweet\". Petroleum containing higher levels of sulfur is called sour crude oil. Sweet crude oil contains small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. High-quality, low-sulfur crude oil is commonly used for processing into gasoline and is in high demand, particularly in industrialized nations. \"Light sweet crude oil\" is the most sought-after version of crude oil as it contains a disproportionately large fraction that is directly processed (fractionation) into gasoline (naphtha), kerosene, and high-quality diesel (gas", "title": "Sweet crude oil" }, { "id": "312543", "text": "if current demand remains static. Petroleum is a mixture of a very large number of different hydrocarbons; the most commonly found molecules are alkanes (paraffins), cycloalkanes (naphthenes), aromatic hydrocarbons, or more complicated chemicals like asphaltenes. Each petroleum variety has a unique mix of molecules, which define its physical and chemical properties, like color and viscosity. The \"alkanes\", also known as \"paraffins\", are saturated hydrocarbons with straight or branched chains which contain only carbon and hydrogen and have the general formula CH. They generally have from 5 to 40 carbon atoms per molecule, although trace amounts of shorter or longer molecules", "title": "Petroleum" }, { "id": "12936816", "text": "in the Earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years. Commonly, the term fossil fuel also includes hydrocarbon-containing natural resources that are not derived entirely from biological sources, such as tar sands. These latter sources are properly known as \"mineral fuels\". Fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. They range from volatile materials with low carbon:hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquid petroleum to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. Methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields, alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates. Fossil fuels", "title": "Fuel" }, { "id": "963285", "text": "10 ppm (50 mg/m) over an eight-hour time-weighted average, as well as a short-term exposure limit at 15 ppm (75 mg/m). Mothballs and other products containing naphthalene have been banned within the EU since 2008. In China, the use of naphthalene in mothballs is forbidden. Danger to human health and the common use of natural camphor are cited as reasons for the ban. The partial list of naphthalene derivatives includes the following compounds: Naphthalene Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that", "title": "Naphthalene" }, { "id": "3751375", "text": "Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo[\"a\"]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the result of incomplete combustion of organic matter at temperatures between and . The ubiquitous compound can be found in coal tar, tobacco smoke and many foods, especially grilled meats. The substance with the formula CH is one of the benzopyrenes, formed by a benzene ring fused to pyrene. Its diol epoxide metabolites (more commonly known as BPDE) react and bind to DNA, resulting in mutations and eventually cancer. It is listed as a Group 1 carcinogen by the IARC. In the 18th century a scrotal cancer of chimney sweepers, the chimney", "title": "Benzo(a)pyrene" }, { "id": "4018825", "text": "Non-Kekulé molecule A non-Kekulé molecule is a conjugated hydrocarbon that cannot be assigned a classical Kekulé structure. Since non-Kekulé molecules have two or more formal radical centers, their spin-spin interactions can cause electrical conductivity or ferromagnetism (molecule-based magnets), and applications to functional materials are expected. However, as these molecules are quite reactive and most of them are easily decomposed or polymerized at room temperature, strategies for stabilization are needed for their practical use. Synthesis and observation of these reactive molecules are generally accomplished by matrix-isolation methods. The simplest non-Kekulé molecules are biradicals. A biradical is an even-electron chemical compound with", "title": "Non-Kekulé molecule" }, { "id": "3124614", "text": "soils at 76 locations in Greater London. The study showed that parent (16 PAH) content ranged from 4 to 67 mg/kg (dry soil weight) and an average PAH concentration of 18 mg/kg (dry soil weight) whereas the total PAH content (33 PAH) ranged from 6 to 88 mg/kg and fluoranthene and pyrene were generally the most abundant PAHs. Benzo[\"a\"]pyrene (B\"a\"P), the most toxic of the parent PAHs, is widely considered a key marker PAH for environmental assessments; the normal background concentration of B\"a\"P in the London urban sites was 6.9 mg/kg (dry soil weight). London soils contained more stable four-", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124613", "text": "food chains. PAHs transform slowly to a wide range of degradation products. Biological degradation by microbes is a dominant form of PAH transformation in the environment. Soil-consuming invertebrates such as earthworms speed PAH degradation, either through direct metabolism or by improving the conditions for microbial transformations. Abiotic degradation in the atmosphere and the top layers of surface waters can produce nitrogenated, halogenated, hydroxylated, and oxygenated PAHs; some of these compounds can be more toxic, water-soluble, and mobile than their parent PAHs. The British Geological Survey reported the amount and distribution of PAH compounds including parent and alkylated forms in urban", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "12243465", "text": "Benzene Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula CH. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. As it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bond between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon, the second [\"n\"]-annulene ([6]-annulene). It is sometimes abbreviated PhH. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet", "title": "Benzene" }, { "id": "312535", "text": "its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes all liquid, gaseous and solid hydrocarbons. Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane exist as gases, while pentane and heavier hydrocarbons are in the form of liquids or solids. However, in an underground oil reservoir the proportions of gas, liquid, and solid depend on subsurface conditions and on the phase diagram of the petroleum mixture. An oil well produces predominantly crude oil, with some natural gas dissolved in it. Because the pressure is lower at the surface than underground, some", "title": "Petroleum" }, { "id": "13665810", "text": "proteins being 10-fold higher than to hemoglobin. Benzo(j)fluoranthene Benzo[j]fluoranthene is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH. Classified as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), it is a colourless solid that is poorly soluble in most solvents. Impure samples can appear off white. Closely related isomeric compounds include benzo(a)fluoranthene (BaF), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(e)fluoranthene (BeF), and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF). BjF is present in fossil fuels and is released during incomplete combustion of organic matter. It has been traced in the smoke of cigarettes, exhaust from gasoline engines, emissions from the combustion of various types of coal and emissions from oil heating, as", "title": "Benzo(j)fluoranthene" }, { "id": "3124608", "text": "vehicles. Developed countries with stricter air and water pollution controls, cleaner sources of cooking (i.e., gas and electricity vs. coal or biofuels), and prohibitions of public smoking tend to have lower levels of PAH exposure, while developing and undeveloped countries tend to have higher levels. Burning solid fuels such as coal and biofuels in the home for cooking and heating is a dominant global source of PAH emissions that in developing countries leads to high levels of exposure to indoor particulate air pollution containing PAHs, particularly for women and children who spend more time in the home or cooking. In", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "312536", "text": "of the gas will come out of solution and be recovered (or burned) as \"associated gas\" or \"solution gas\". A gas well produces predominantly natural gas. However, because the underground temperature and pressure are higher than at the surface, the gas may contain heavier hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, and heptane in the gaseous state. At surface conditions these will condense out of the gas to form \"natural gas condensate\", often shortened to \"condensate.\" Condensate resembles gasoline in appearance and is similar in composition to some volatile light crude oils. The proportion of light hydrocarbons in the petroleum mixture varies", "title": "Petroleum" }, { "id": "7729562", "text": "Pyrolysis oil Pyrolysis oil, sometimes also known as biocrude or bio-oil, is a synthetic fuel under investigation as substitute for petroleum. It is obtained by heating dried biomass without oxygen in a reactor at a temperature of about 500 °C with subsequent cooling. Pyrolytic oil (or bio-oil) is a kind of tar and normally contains levels of oxygen too high to be considered a hydrocarbon. This high oxygen content results in non-volatility, corrosiveness, immiscibity with fossil fuels, thermal instability, and a tendency to polymerize when exposed to air. As such, it is distinctly different from petroleum products. Removing oxygen from", "title": "Pyrolysis oil" }, { "id": "18327374", "text": "Dibenzopyrenes Dibenzopyrenes are a group of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the molecular formula CH. There are five isomers of dibenzopyrene which differ by the arrangement of aromatic rings: dibenzo[\"a\",\"e\"]pyrene, dibenzo[\"a\",\"h\"]pyrene, dibenzo[\"a\",\"i\"]pyrene, dibenzo[\"a\",\"l\"]pyrene, and dibenzo[\"e\",\"l\"]pyrene. Dibenzopyrenes have been recognized for their suspected human carcinogenicity. The most notable dibenzopyrene isomer, dibenzo[\"a\",\"l\"]pyrene is a constituent of tobacco smoke and is thought to be 30 to 100 times more potent as a carcinogen than benzo[\"a\"]pyrene. The four dibenzopyrene isomers; dibenzo[\"a\",\"e\"]pyrene, dibenzo[\"a\",\"h\"]pyrene, dibenzo[\"a\",\"i\"]pyrene, dibenzo[\"a\",\"l\"]pyrene are included in the list of 16 EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons due to their mutagenicity and suspected", "title": "Dibenzopyrenes" }, { "id": "7464343", "text": "1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, also known as pseudocumene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH(CH). Classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon, it is a flammable colorless liquid with a strong odor. It is nearly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It occurs naturally in coal tar and petroleum (about 3%). Industrially, it is isolated from the C aromatic hydrocarbon fraction during petroleum distillation. Approximately 40% of this fraction is 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. It is also generated by methylation of toluene and xylenes and the disproportionation of xylene over aluminosilicate catalysts. Pseudocumene is a precursor to mellitic anhydride, from which high performance", "title": "1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene" }, { "id": "4977559", "text": "are unsaturated compounds. The term unsaturated compounds, originally unsaturated hydrocarbons, derives from their ability to carry out typical addition reactions which are not possible with saturated compounds such as alkanes: Here, the only formally unsaturated aromatics differ from the other unsaturated compounds: due to the high stability of the aromatic system, aromatics do not carry out the typical addition reactions or only under extreme conditions such as high temperature or high pressure. Instead, substitution reactions are preferred. Unsaturated compounds are generally more reactive than saturated compounds. Triglycerides (rapeseed oil, linseed oil, olive oil, etc.) with a high content of unsaturated", "title": "Saturated and unsaturated compounds" }, { "id": "165475", "text": "home heaters, which use either petroleum or natural gas. The hydrocarbon is burnt and the heat is used to heat water, which is then circulated. A similar principle is used to create electric energy in power plants. Common properties of hydrocarbons are the facts that they produce steam, carbon dioxide and heat during combustion and that oxygen is required for combustion to take place. The simplest hydrocarbon, methane, burns as follows: In inadequate supply of air, carbon monoxide gas and water vapour are formed: Another example is the combustion of propane: And finally, for any linear alkane of n carbon", "title": "Hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "17810151", "text": "An HNS is a substance such as chemicals, which could threaten humans and marine life and interfere with legitimate uses of the sea, if spilled in the sea. HNS is considered dangerous goods. Under the convention, it does not include crude oil. Whether a substance is hazardous or noxious is determined by its inclusion in the number of conventions and codes of the International Maritime Organization developed to protect maritime safety and environment. For example, the substances listed under International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code are considered HNS. The lists and codes include several thousand substances. Many substances are covered under", "title": "HNS Convention" }, { "id": "312579", "text": "modern techniques would include pumping the oil from the wreck, like in the \"Prestige\" oil spill or the \"Erika\" oil spill. Though crude oil is predominantly composed of various hydrocarbons, certain nitrogen heterocylic compounds, such as pyridine, picoline, and quinoline are reported as contaminants associated with crude oil, as well as facilities processing oil shale or coal, and have also been found at legacy wood treatment sites. These compounds have a very high water solubility, and thus tend to dissolve and move with water. Certain naturally occurring bacteria, such as \"Micrococcus\", \"Arthrobacter\", and \"Rhodococcus\" have been shown to degrade these", "title": "Petroleum" }, { "id": "5701", "text": "textbook on organic chemistry. The proper use of the symbol is debated; it is used to describe any cyclic π system in some publications, or only those π systems that obey Hückel's rule in others. Jensen argues that, in line with Robinson's original proposal, the use of the circle symbol should be limited to monocyclic 6 π-electron systems. In this way the circle symbol for a six-center six-electron bond can be compared to the Y symbol for a three-center two-electron bond. A reaction that forms an arene compound from an unsaturated or partially unsaturated cyclic precursor is simply called an", "title": "Aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3124631", "text": "wavelengths of light when they are excited (when the molecules absorb light). The extended pi-electron electronic structures of PAHs lead to these spectra, as well as to certain large PAHs also exhibiting semi-conducting and other behaviors. PAHs may be abundant in the universe. They seem to have been formed as early as a couple of billion years after the Big Bang, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets. More than 20% of the carbon in the universe may be associated with PAHs. PAHs are considered possible starting material for the earliest forms of life. Light emitted by the Red", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "13157480", "text": "Hydrofluoroether A Hydrofluoroether (HFE) is a complex organic solvent. As a non-ozone-depleting chemical, it was developed originally as a replacement for CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs, and PFCs HFE does not occur naturally. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, low toxicity, low viscosity, and liquid at room temperature. It is visually indistinguishable from water at room temperature. The vapor-point of HFE varies by chemistry from 50C to nearly 100C. Due to its high molecular weight, it remains in the atmosphere for less than two weeks, being absorbed into the ground rather than remaining dissolved in the atmosphere. Although it is a greenhouse gas,", "title": "Hydrofluoroether" }, { "id": "165467", "text": "hydrocarbons; in linear or \"straight-run\" alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, the amount of bonded hydrogen lessens in alkenes and alkynes due to the \"self-bonding\" or catenation of carbon preventing entire saturation of the hydrocarbon by the formation of double or triple bonds. This inherent ability of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves is known as catenation, and allows hydrocarbons to form more complex molecules, such as cyclohexane, and in rarer cases, arenes such as benzene. This ability comes from the fact that the bond character between carbon atoms is entirely non-polar, in that the distribution of electrons between the two elements is", "title": "Hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "3505163", "text": "Carbon black Carbon black (subtypes are acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, or ethylene cracking tar. Carbon black is a form of paracrystalline carbon that has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, albeit lower than that of activated carbon. It is dissimilar to soot in its much higher surface-area-to-volume ratio and significantly lower (negligible and non-bioavailable) PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) content. However, carbon black is widely used as a model compound for diesel soot for diesel oxidation experiments. Carbon", "title": "Carbon black" }, { "id": "15969092", "text": "Saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene Saturate, Aromatic, Resin and Asphaltene (SARA) is an analysis method that divides crude oil components according to their polarizability and polarity. The saturate fraction consists of nonpolar material including linear, branched, and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons (paraffins). Aromatics, which contain one or more aromatic rings, are slightly more polarizable. The remaining two fractions, resins and asphaltenes, have polar substituents. The distinction between the two is that asphaltenes are insoluble in an excess of heptane (or pentane) whereas resins are miscible with heptane (or pentane). There are three main methods to obtain SARA results. One has lately", "title": "Saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene" }, { "id": "3455042", "text": "gas is undesirable, noxious, or toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide (CO) from incomplete combustion, hydrocarbons (properly indicated as CH, but typically shown simply as \"HC\" on emissions-test slips) from unburnt fuel, nitrogen oxides (NO) from excessive combustion temperatures, and particulate matter (mostly soot). Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is important to the functioning of the catalytic converter of an internal combustion engine. It may be measured by an exhaust gas temperature gauge. EGT is also a measure of engine health in gas-turbine engines (see below). During the first two minutes after starting the engine of a car that has not", "title": "Exhaust gas" }, { "id": "312537", "text": "greatly among different oil fields, ranging from as much as 97 percent by weight in the lighter oils to as little as 50 percent in the heavier oils and bitumens. The hydrocarbons in crude oil are mostly alkanes, cycloalkanes and various aromatic hydrocarbons, while the other organic compounds contain nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and trace amounts of metals such as iron, nickel, copper and vanadium. Many oil reservoirs contain live bacteria. The exact molecular composition of crude oil varies widely from formation to formation but the proportion of chemical elements varies over fairly narrow limits as follows: Four different types", "title": "Petroleum" }, { "id": "165478", "text": "can degrade hydrocarbons; but the extreme environment makes research difficult. Other bacteria such as \"Lutibacterium anuloederans\" can also degrade hydrocarbons. Mycoremediation or breaking down of hydrocarbon by mycelium and mushroom is possible. Many hydrocarbons are highly flammable, therefore, care should be taken to prevent injury. Benzene and many aromatic compounds are possible carcinogens, and proper safety equipment must be worn to prevent these harmful compounds from entering the body. If hydrocarbons undergo combustion in tight areas, toxic carbon monoxide can form. Hydrocarbons should be kept away from fluorine compounds due to the high probability of forming toxic hydrofluoric acid. Hydrocarbons", "title": "Hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "6757885", "text": "regenerator's combustion air compressor during start-ups of the FCC unit until there is sufficient combustion flue gas to take over that task. Petroleum crude oil mainly consists primarily of a mixture of hydrocarbons with small amounts of other organic compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. The crude oil also contains small amounts of metals such as copper, iron, nickel and vanadium. The elemental composition ranges of crude oil are summarized in Table 1 and the hydrocarbons in the crude oil can be classified into three types: Olefins or alkenes, which are unsaturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbons, do not occur naturally", "title": "Fluid catalytic cracking" }, { "id": "3124619", "text": "risk of exposure to PAHs. Exposure to PAHs has also been linked with cardiovascular disease and poor fetal development. PAHs have been linked to skin, lung, bladder, liver, and stomach cancers in well-established animal model studies. Specific compounds classified by various agencies as possible or probable human carcinogens are identified in the section \"Regulation and Oversight\" below. Historically, PAHs contributed substantially to our understanding of adverse health effects from exposures to environmental contaminants, including chemical carcinogenesis. In 1775, Percivall Pott, a surgeon at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital in London, observed that scrotal cancer was unusually common in chimney sweepers and proposed", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "6295776", "text": "Cyclophane A cyclophane is a hydrocarbon consisting of an aromatic unit (typically a benzene ring) and an aliphatic chain that forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of the aromatic ring. More complex derivatives with multiple aromatic units and bridges forming cagelike structures are also known. Cyclophanes are well-studied in organic chemistry because they adopt unusual chemical conformations due to build-up of strain. Basic cyclophane types are [n]metacyclophanes (I) in \"scheme 1\", [n]paracyclophanes (II) and [n,n']cyclophanes (III). the prefixes \"meta\" and \"para\" correspond to the usual arene substitution patterns and n refers to the number of atoms making up the", "title": "Cyclophane" }, { "id": "359795", "text": "and aromatic (benzene and its derivates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; e.g. benzo[a]pyrene, studied as a carcinogen, or retene), terpenes. Heterocyclic compounds may be also present. Heavier hydrocarbons may condense as tar; smoke with significant tar content is yellow to brown. Presence of such smoke, soot, and/or brown oily deposits during a fire indicates a possible hazardous situation, as the atmosphere may be saturated with combustible pyrolysis products with concentration above the upper flammability limit, and sudden inrush of air can cause flashover or backdraft. Presence of sulfur can lead to formation of e.g. hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide,", "title": "Smoke" }, { "id": "5285179", "text": "oils are distinguished as \"sweet\" or \"sour,\" depending upon the sulphur content present. Crude oils with a high sulfur content, which may be in the form hydrogen sulphides, are called \"sour,\" and those with less sulphur are called \"sweet.\" A process called fractional distillation separates crude oil into various segments. Fractions at the top have a lower boiling points than fractions at the bottom. The bottom fractions are heavy, and are thus \"cracked\" into lighter and more useful products. Directly from the well, raw or unprocessed (\"crude\") oil is not useful. Though light sweet oil has been used directly as", "title": "Petrochemistry" }, { "id": "312518", "text": "Petroleum Petroleum () is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation, i.e. separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column. It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. The name \"petroleum\" covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities", "title": "Petroleum" }, { "id": "6295764", "text": "Cyanocarbon Cyanocarbons are a group of chemical compounds that contain several cyanide functional groups. Such substances generally are classified as organic compounds, since they are formally derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with a cyanide group. The parent member is C(CN) (tetracyanomethane, also known as carbon tetracyanide). Organic chemists often refer to cyanides as nitriles. In general, cyanide is an electronegative substituent. Thus, for example, cyanide-substituted carboxylic acids tend to be stronger than the parents. The cyanide group can also stabilize anions by delocalizing negative charge as revealed by resonance structures. \"Cyanocarbons are organic compounds bearing", "title": "Cyanocarbon" }, { "id": "165476", "text": "atoms, Burning of hydrocarbons is an example of an exothermic chemical reaction. Hydrocarbons can also be burned with elemental fluorine, resulting in carbon tetrafluoride and hydrogen fluoride products. Extracted hydrocarbons in a liquid form are referred to as petroleum (literally \"rock oil\") or mineral oil, whereas hydrocarbons in a gaseous form are referred to as natural gas. Petroleum and natural gas are found in the Earth's subsurface with the tools of petroleum geology and are a significant source of fuel and raw materials for the production of organic chemicals. The extraction of liquid hydrocarbon fuel from sedimentary basins is integral", "title": "Hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "4636181", "text": "Non-methane volatile organic compound Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) are a large variety of chemically different compounds, such as benzene, ethanol, formaldehyde, cyclohexane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane or acetone. Essentially, NMVOCs are identical to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but with methane excluded. An important subset of NMVOCs are the non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs). Methane is excluded in air-pollution contexts because it is not harmful. Its low reactivity and thus long lifetime in the atmosphere, however, makes it an important greenhouse gas. The study of NMVOCs is important in atmospheric chemistry, where it can be used as a proxy to study the collective properties of", "title": "Non-methane volatile organic compound" }, { "id": "15073208", "text": "not useful as high-octane gasoline blending components. Also, the molecules with six carbon atoms tend to form aromatics, which is undesirable because the environmental regulations of a number of countries limit the amount of aromatics (most particularly benzene) in gasoline. The table below lists some typical virgin heavy naphthas, available for catalytic reforming, derived from various crude oils. It can be seen that they differ significantly in their content of paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics: Some refinery naphthas also contain some olefinic hydrocarbons, such as naphthas derived from the fluid catalytic cracking, visbreakers and coking processes used in many refineries. Those", "title": "Petroleum naphtha" }, { "id": "69050", "text": "to cause chemical effects), the isotopes of a given element are chemically nearly indistinguishable. All of the elements have some isotopes that are radioactive (radioisotopes), although not all of these radioisotopes occur naturally. The radioisotopes typically decay into other elements upon radiating an alpha or beta particle. If an element has isotopes that are not radioactive, these are termed \"stable\" isotopes. All of the known stable isotopes occur naturally (see primordial isotope). The many radioisotopes that are not found in nature have been characterized after being artificially made. Certain elements have no stable isotopes and are composed \"only\" of radioactive", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "id": "18385480", "text": "the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) and Florida State University. Ionization of nonpolar petroleum components can be achieved by field desorption ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). field desorption FT-ICR MS has enabled the identification of a large number of nonpolar components in crude oils that are not accessible by electrospray, such as benzo- and dibenzothiophenes, furans, cycloalkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A drawback of field desorption is that it is slow, mainly due to the need of ramping the current to the emitter in order to volatilize and ionize molecules. APPI can ionize both polar and nonpolar", "title": "Petroleomics" }, { "id": "3124626", "text": "community of cells, thus allowing initiated cancerous cells to replicate. These PAHs do not need to be enzymatically metabolized first. Low molecular weight PAHs are prevalent in the environment, thus posing a significant risk to human health at the promotional phases of cancer. Adult exposure to PAHs has been linked to cardiovascular disease. PAHs are among the complex suite of contaminants in tobacco smoke and particulate air pollution and may contribute to cardiovascular disease resulting from such exposures. In laboratory experiments, animals exposed to certain PAHs have shown increased development of plaques (atherogenesis) within arteries. Potential mechanisms for the pathogenesis", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" }, { "id": "6295765", "text": "enough cyano functional groups to significantly alter their chemical properties.\" Important cyanocarbons: Cyanocarbon Cyanocarbons are a group of chemical compounds that contain several cyanide functional groups. Such substances generally are classified as organic compounds, since they are formally derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with a cyanide group. The parent member is C(CN) (tetracyanomethane, also known as carbon tetracyanide). Organic chemists often refer to cyanides as nitriles. In general, cyanide is an electronegative substituent. Thus, for example, cyanide-substituted carboxylic acids tend to be stronger than the parents. The cyanide group can also stabilize anions by delocalizing", "title": "Cyanocarbon" }, { "id": "8697326", "text": "and have hydrogen atoms attached to the frame. Often the term is used as a shortened form of the term aliphatic hydrocarbon. Most hydrocarbons are combustible. Petroleum ether is obtained from petroleum refineries as the portion of the distillate which is intermediate between the lighter naphtha and the heavier kerosene. It has a specific gravity of between 0.6 and 0.8 depending on its composition. Hydrocarbon mixtures Hydrocarbon mixtures are a group of various volatile, highly flammable, mixtures used chiefly as nonpolar solvents. Hydrocarbon mixtures are composed of petroleum ethers and other hydrocarbons. Petroleum ether should not be confused with the", "title": "Hydrocarbon mixtures" }, { "id": "1602692", "text": "are in great demand for use in internal combustion engines, a modern refinery will convert heavy hydrocarbons and lighter gaseous elements into these higher value products. Oil can be used in a variety of ways because it contains hydrocarbons of varying molecular masses, forms and lengths such as paraffins, aromatics, naphthenes (or cycloalkanes), alkenes, dienes, and alkynes. While the molecules in crude oil include different atoms such as sulfur and nitrogen, the hydrocarbons are the most common form of molecules, which are molecules of varying lengths and complexity made of hydrogen and carbon atoms, and a small number of oxygen", "title": "Oil refinery" }, { "id": "280083", "text": "Noble gas The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a group of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The six noble gases that occur naturally are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). These elements are all nonmetals. Oganesson (Og) is variously predicted to be a noble gas as well or to break the trend due to relativistic effects; its chemistry has not yet been investigated. For the first six", "title": "Noble gas" }, { "id": "4977558", "text": "Saturated and unsaturated compounds In organic chemistry, a saturated compound is a chemical compound that has single bonds. Saturated compounds only possess carbon-carbon single bonds. Saturated compounds are generally more stable and less reactive than unsaturated compounds since no steric hindrances and no major polarity differences occur. In addition, they have very low melting and boiling points relative to their molar mass. Unsaturated compounds are organic-chemical compounds whose molecular structure contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds or triple bonds. These can also be conjugated. Examples are the unsaturated fatty acids or unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes). Many natural products", "title": "Saturated and unsaturated compounds" }, { "id": "5597296", "text": "Arene substitution pattern Arene substitution patterns are part of organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature and pinpoint the position of substituents other than hydrogen in relation to each other on an aromatic hydrocarbon. The toluidines serve as an example for these three types of substitution. Electron donating groups, for example amino, hydroxyl, alkyl, and phenyl groups tend to be \"ortho\", \"para\" directors, and electron withdrawing groups such as nitro, nitrile, and ketone, tend to be \"meta\" directors. Although the specifics vary depending on the compound, in simple disubstituted arenes, the three isomers tend to have rather similar boiling points. However, the \"para\"", "title": "Arene substitution pattern" }, { "id": "656232", "text": "of the SF partial pressure to a CFC partial pressure. According to their material safety data sheets, CFCs and HCFCs are colorless, volatile, toxic liquids and gases with a faintly sweet ethereal odor. Overexposure at concentrations of 11% or more may cause dizziness, loss of concentration, central nervous system depression and/or cardiac arrhythmia. Vapors displace air and can cause asphyxiation in confined spaces. Although non-flammable, their combustion products include hydrofluoric acid, and related species. Normal occupational exposure is rated at 0.07% and does not pose any serious health risks. Chlorofluorocarbon Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only", "title": "Chlorofluorocarbon" }, { "id": "521605", "text": "Stable nuclide Stable nuclides are nuclides that are not radioactive and so (unlike radionuclides) do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay. When such nuclides are referred to in relation to specific elements, they are usually termed stable isotopes. The 80 elements with one or more stable isotopes comprise a total of 253 nuclides that have not been known to decay using current equipment (see list at the end of this article). Of these elements, 26 have only one stable isotope; they are thus termed monoisotopic. The rest have more than one stable isotope. Tin has ten stable isotopes, the largest number", "title": "Stable nuclide" }, { "id": "1386656", "text": "complex mixture of substances present. Largely, these will be various hydrocarbons, among the most useful being polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, both oxygen and nitrogen heterocyclic hydrocarbons, such as parent and alkyl homologues of carbazole, quinoline, and pyridine, are present in many crude oils. As a result, these compounds have great potential to supplement the existing suite of hydrocarbons targets to fine-tune source tracking of petroleum spills. Such analysis can also be used to follow weathering and degradation of crude spills. Oil spill An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem,", "title": "Oil spill" }, { "id": "7059488", "text": "Fluoranthene Fluoranthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The molecule can be viewed as the fusion of naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring. Although samples are often pale yellow, the compound is colorless. It is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. It is a member of the class of PAHs known as non-alternant PAHs because it has rings other than those with six carbon atoms. It is a structural isomer of the alternant PAH pyrene. It is not as thermodynamically stable as pyrene. Its name is derived from its fluorescence under UV light. Fluoranthene was originally isolated from", "title": "Fluoranthene" }, { "id": "3152500", "text": "refers to the fraction of total protein binding sites that are occupied at any given time. In environmental soil science, nitrogen saturation means that an ecosystem, such as a soil, cannot store anymore nitrogen. Saturation (chemistry) In chemistry, saturation (from the Latin word \"saturare\", meaning 'to fill') has diverse meanings, all based on the idea of reaching a maximum capacity. In organic chemistry, a saturated compound is a hydrocarbon which has no double or triple bonds. For example, consider three similar organic compounds that are progressively less saturated: ethane, ethylene, and acetylene (ethyne). Ethane, a completely saturated compound, has only", "title": "Saturation (chemistry)" }, { "id": "984106", "text": "nonmetals tend to form predominately covalent compounds with metals. Six nonmetals are categorised as noble gases: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). In periodic table terms they occupy the outermost right column. They are called \"noble gases\" in light of their characteristically very low chemical reactivity. They have very similar properties, all being colorless, odorless, and nonflammable. With their closed valence shells the noble gases have feeble interatomic forces of attraction resulting in very low melting and boiling points. That is why they are all gases under standard conditions, even those", "title": "Nonmetal" }, { "id": "3842506", "text": "Tridecane Tridecane is any alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula , or to a mixture of them. There are 802 constitutional isomers with that formula. In the IUPAC nomenclature, the name refers exclusively to one isomer, the straight-chain CH(CH)CH, also called normal or \"n\"-tridecane; the other isomers are named as derivatives of lighter hydrocarbons, as in 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-\"t\"-butyl-pentane. Tridecanes are combustible colourless liquids. In industry, they have no specific value aside from being components of various fuels and solvents. In the research laboratory, \"n\"-tridecane is sometimes also used as a distillation chaser. Nymphs of the southern green stink bug produce \"n\"-tridecane", "title": "Tridecane" }, { "id": "9695049", "text": "Volatiles In planetary science, volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds with low boiling points that are associated with a planet's or moon's crust or atmosphere. Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. In contrast with volatiles, elements and compounds with high boiling points are known as \"refractory substances\". Planetary scientists often classify volatiles with exceptionally low melting points, such as hydrogen and helium, as gases (as in gas giant), whereas those", "title": "Volatiles" }, { "id": "3124620", "text": "the cause as occupational exposure to soot. A century later, Richard von Volkmann reported increased skin cancers in workers of the coal tar industry of Germany, and by the early 1900s increased rates of cancer from exposure to soot and coal tar was widely accepted. In 1915, Yamigawa and Ichicawa were the first to experimentally produce cancers, specifically of the skin, by topically applying coal tar to rabbit ears. In 1922, Ernest Kennaway determined that the carcinogenic component of coal tar mixtures was an organic compound consisting of only carbon and hydrogen. This component was later linked to a characteristic", "title": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon" } ]

[ "Shawnee", "within the Shawnee National Forest" ]

[ { "id": "13329535", "text": "Garden of the Gods Wilderness The Garden of the Gods Wilderness is a parcel of land listed as a Wilderness Area of the United States. It is located within the Shawnee National Forest in Hardin, Pope, Saline, and Gallatin counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The nearest town of any size is Equality. During the Carboniferous period (circa 300 million years before the present), local geological conditions laid down a thick bed of gray sandstone in what is now southern Illinois. This bed of sandstone was later uplifted, and the Garden of the Gods is part of an uplifted", "title": "Garden of the Gods Wilderness" }, { "id": "13329539", "text": "Mint's 56-image \"America the Beautiful\" series. Garden of the Gods Wilderness The Garden of the Gods Wilderness is a parcel of land listed as a Wilderness Area of the United States. It is located within the Shawnee National Forest in Hardin, Pope, Saline, and Gallatin counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The nearest town of any size is Equality. During the Carboniferous period (circa 300 million years before the present), local geological conditions laid down a thick bed of gray sandstone in what is now southern Illinois. This bed of sandstone was later uplifted, and the Garden of the", "title": "Garden of the Gods Wilderness" }, { "id": "2215409", "text": "of the Gods Park and Visitor and Nature Center are free to the public. As of July, 2013, the park hours are 5 a.m. to 11 p.m. from May 1 to October 31; 5 a.m. to 9 p.m. from November 1 to April 30. The Visitor and Nature Center is open 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. from Memorial Day weekend to Labor Day weekend; the remainder of the year it is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Garden of the Gods Garden of the Gods is a public park located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, US. It was designated a", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "2215396", "text": "Garden of the Gods Garden of the Gods is a public park located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, US. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1971. The area now known as Garden of the Gods was first called Red Rock Corral by the Europeans. Then, in August 1859, two surveyors who helped to set up Colorado City explored the site. One of the surveyors, M. S. Beach, suggested that it would be a \"capital place for a beer garden\". His companion, the young Rufus Cable, awestruck by the impressive rock formations, exclaimed, \"Beer Garden! Why it is a fit", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "13329538", "text": "hiking, campsite, and public-use location in the southeastern corner of Saline County. From this location, hiking trails provide access to much of the Wilderness, making Garden of the Gods the most-visited wilderness area in Illinois. The trails and overlooks are often utilized by visitors during the fall color season. Garden of the Gods Wilderness is served by the River to River Trail. In 2016, 300 million quarters were produced that featured an image of a hoodoo from the Garden of the Gods Wilderness. An image of Camel Rock was struck on one set of quarters as part of the U.S.", "title": "Garden of the Gods Wilderness" }, { "id": "1050800", "text": "Register of Historic Places. The Vienna Public Library, across the street from the courthouse, is also listed on the National Register. Dixon Springs State Park is located nearby in Dixon Springs, which is about 15 minutes from downtown Vienna. The Garden of the Gods Wilderness is located a short distance east of Vienna, offering hikers a place to hike locally. The city, which has about 700 students within its two districts, is home to Vienna Grade School and Vienna High School. Located nearby are Shawnee Community College in Ullin and Southern Illinois University Carbondale in Carbondale, which both act as", "title": "Vienna, Illinois" }, { "id": "2215405", "text": "common. The park is also home to more than 130 species of birds including white-throated swifts, swallows and canyon wrens. The Garden of the Gods Park is popular for hiking, technical rock climbing, road and mountain biking and horseback riding. It attracts more than two million visitors a year, making it the city’s most visited park. There are more than 15 miles of trails with a 1.5-mile trail running through the heart of the park that is paved and wheelchair accessible. Annual events including two summer running races, recreational bike rides and Pro Cycling Challenge Prologue also take place in", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "2215406", "text": "this park. The main trail in the park, Perkins Central Garden Trail, is a paved, wheelchair-accessible 1.1-mile trail, \"through the heart of the park's largest and most scenic red rocks\". The trail begins at the North Parking lot, the main parking lot off of Juniper Way Loop. Because of the unusual and steep rock formations in the park, it is an attractive destination for rock climbers. Rock climbing is permitted, with annual permits obtained at the City of Colorado Springs' website. Climbers are required to follow the \"Technical Climbing Regulations and Guidelines\", which includes using proper equipment, climbing in parties", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "2655398", "text": "the Ozarks of Missouri, is chiefly in southern Jackson, Union, northern Alexander and Johnson counties. The eastern area, more closely related to the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone, is mostly in northern Pope, southern Saline, Gallatin, eastern Johnson and southern Williamson counties. The Shawnee National Forest covers a large territory, including seven wilderness areas: Garden of the Gods, Bay Creek, Clear Springs, Bald Knob, Burden Falls, Lusk Creek, and Panthers Den. Of southern Illinois' rivers, only the Mississippi and the Ohio are navigable for modern commerce. The Big Muddy River, Marys River, Saline River and Cache River run their courses in", "title": "Southern Illinois" }, { "id": "2655393", "text": "Illinois. Both cities are centered in the Carbondale-Marion-Herrin, Illinois Combined Statistical Area, home to 123,272 residents. In the southern reaches of the region Alto Pass and Bald Knob Cross are located near the orchards. The large Crab Orchard lake is the largest in the region. Historic Cairo sits to at the far southern end near the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Counties Principal cities City populations The least populated region, Southeastern Illinois is marked by being within the Shawnee Hills and the Shawnee National Forest. The area includes many state parks such as Garden of the Gods Wilderness.", "title": "Southern Illinois" }, { "id": "13329536", "text": "sandstone plateau. Unlike much of Illinois, this plateau was never covered by glaciers; the furthest advance of ice sheets during the Illinoian glaciation stopped just north of Garden of the Gods. The morphology of Garden of the Gods is much steeper and rockier than in much of Illinois. Comparatively dramatic erosion patterns have created hoodoos and other unusual sandstone formations, as well as scenic overlooks such as Buzzards Point from which raptors, scavenger birds, and humans can look out over the Shawnee National Forest. Several of the hoodoos have evocative names, including Anvil Rock, Camel Rock, and Table Rock. As", "title": "Garden of the Gods Wilderness" }, { "id": "2215404", "text": "Lyons Formation, a stone made of fine sand from ancient sand dunes. The Garden of the Gods Park is a rich ecological resource. Retired biology professor Richard Beidleman notes that the park is \"the most striking contrast between plains and mountains in North America\" with respect to biology, geology, climate, and scenery. The skull of a dinosaur was found in the park in 1878, and was identified as a unique species, \"Theiophytalia kerri\" in 2006. A subspecies of honey ant not previously recorded was also discovered in 1879 and named after the park. Mule deer, bighorn sheep and fox are", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "2215400", "text": "Gods. The Old Ute Trail went past Garden of the Gods to Ute Pass and led later explorers through Manitou Springs. Starting in the 16th century, Spanish explorers and later European American explorers and trappers traveled through the area, including Lt. John C. Frémont and Lt. George Frederick Ruxton, who recorded their visits in their journals. In 1879 Charles Elliott Perkins, a friend of William Jackson Palmer, purchased 480 acres of land that included a portion of the present Garden of the Gods. Upon Perkins' death, his family gave the land to the City of Colorado Springs in 1909, with", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "2215398", "text": "family took the comment to heart and began calling their own collection of rock formations the \"Garden of the Gods,\" and the name stuck. Today the main section of Chatsworth's Garden of the Gods has also been preserved as a park. The Garden of the Gods' red rock formations were created during a geological upheaval along a natural fault line millions of years ago. Archaeological evidence shows that prehistoric people visited Garden of the Gods about 1330 BC. At about 250 BC, Native American people camped in the park; they are believed to have been attracted to wildlife and plant", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "13329537", "text": "with other wilderness areas within Shawnee National Forest, the Garden of the Gods Wilderness is made of second-growth forested areas that were used, until the land acquisitions of the 1930s, as agriculture land. Shawnee National Forest was created in 1939, and in 1990, the Illinois Wilderness Act set aside seven separate parcels of land within this National Forest as relatively small wilderness areas. The Garden of the Gods Wilderness, one of these parcels, is a roadless parcel of land within the national forest. A tongue of non-wilderness land provides a route for a paved road from Buzzards Point to a", "title": "Garden of the Gods Wilderness" }, { "id": "2215408", "text": "are staffed by Parks, Recreation and Culture employees of the City of Colorado Springs. A short movie, \"How Did Those Red Rocks Get There?\", runs every 20 minutes. A portion of the proceeds from the center's privately owned store and cafe support the non-profit Garden of the Gods Foundation; the money is used for maintenance and improvements to the park. Natural history exhibits include minerals, geology, plants and local wildlife, as well as Native Americans who visited the park. Programs include nature hikes and talks, a Junior Ranger program, narrated bus tours, movies, educational programs and special programs. The Garden", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "77757", "text": "and 105 miles of urban trails. There are 5,000 acres of open spaces in 48 open space areas. Garden of the Gods, on the western edge of Colorado Springs, has been described as the most beautiful park in the world. It is a National Natural Landmark with 300 foot sandstone rock formations often viewed against a backdrop of the snow-capped mountains of Pikes Peak. The park offers a variety of annual events, one of the most popular of which is the Starlight Spectacular; a recreational bike ride held every summer to benefit the Trails and Open Space Coalition of Colorado", "title": "Colorado Springs, Colorado" }, { "id": "2215397", "text": "place for the Gods to assemble. We will call it the Garden of the Gods.\" The name \"Garden of the Gods\" was also later given to a section of the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, Calif., filled with large sandstone rock formations, because of the area's resemblance to Colorado's Garden of the Gods. The story goes that back in the early days of Hollywood, a movie producer seeking a rocky filming location made a comment to the effect of, \"Who needs to go all the way to Colorado -- we have our own 'Garden of the Gods' here!\" The Iverson", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "13329872", "text": "relatively small wilderness areas. The Lusk Creek Wilderness, one of these parcels, is a roadless parcel of land within the national forest. It is the second largest wilderness area in Illinois. Lusk Creek Wilderness is served by the River to River Trail. Lusk Creek Wilderness The Lusk Creek Wilderness is a parcel of land listed as a Wilderness Area of the United States. It is located within the Shawnee National Forest in Pope County, Illinois. The nearest town of any size is Eddyville, Illinois. It includes the Lusk Creek Canyon National Natural Landmark. Like the nearby Garden of the Gods", "title": "Lusk Creek Wilderness" }, { "id": "17324625", "text": "roadways and foot and bridle paths. The Perkins heirs donated Garden of the Gods to the city in 1909. The largest park in El Paso County is the 1,680 acre Cheyenne Mountain State Park, which is located in the southern end of Colorado Springs. Its terrain varies from prairie grassland and scrub oak to Douglas fir and ponderosa pine on the peaks at the western side of the park. Throughout the year it offers camping and picnic, 16 miles of hiking and biking trails, and viewing of wildlife, such as red fox, black bear, deer, elk, and mountain lions. There", "title": "Parks in Colorado Springs, Colorado" }, { "id": "16109659", "text": "Red Rock Canyon Open Space Red Rock Canyon Open Space is a 1,474-acre city park in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is situated on the west side of the city, adjacent to Manitou Springs and south of U.S. Route 24. The park consists of a series of parallel ridges (called \"hogbacks\") and eroded canyons, a continuation of the same sandstone rocks of the Fountain Formation that make up Garden of the Gods a few miles to the north. Rather than being pristine conservation land, the park contains a number of reclaimed former industrial sites, including quarries, gravel pits, a gold refining", "title": "Red Rock Canyon Open Space" }, { "id": "13292891", "text": "Panther Den Wilderness The Panther Den Wilderness is a parcel of land listed as a Wilderness Area of the United States. It is located within the Shawnee National Forest in Union County in the U.S. state of Illinois. Panther Den Wilderness is the smallest of eight Wilderness areas in Illinois. The other seven are Bald Knob Wilderness, Bay Creek Wilderness, Burden Falls Wilderness, Clear Springs Wilderness, Crab Orchard Wilderness, Garden of the Gods, and Lusk Creek Wilderness. All Illinois Wilderness areas are located in Southern Illinois. We are living in a time of \"...increasing population, accompanied by expanding settlement and", "title": "Panther Den Wilderness" }, { "id": "7782446", "text": "five story observation tower that overlooks The Broadmoor, Colorado Springs, and Garden of the Gods. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 for its artistic and architectural qualities. The Will Rogers Shrine of the Sun is located at in elevation. It is about in elevation above Colorado Springs, and is also above the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo on the side of Cheyenne Mountain. Views of the Rampart Range, Colorado Springs, and the plains can be seen from the site on a promontory on the mountain, which is accessed via the Cheyenne Mountain Highway. The road to", "title": "Will Rogers Shrine of the Sun" }, { "id": "2215399", "text": "life in the area and used overhangs created by the rocks for shelter. Many native peoples have reported a connection to Garden of the Gods, including Apache, Cheyenne, Comanche, Kiowa, Lakota, Pawnee, Shoshone, and Ute people. Multiple American Indian Nations traveled through Garden of the Gods. The Utes' oral traditions tell of their creation at the Garden of the Gods, and petroglyphs have been found in the park that are typical of early Utes. The Utes found red rocks to have a spiritual connection and camped near Manitou Springs and the creek near Rock Ledge Ranch bordering Garden of the", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "2215407", "text": "of two or more, and a ban on staining chalks. Precipitation makes rocks unstable and therefore climbing is not allowed when the rocks are wet or icy. There are fines for unregistered climbers and possibly rescue costs. Several fatalities have occurred over the years, often when unlawful climbers fail to use proper safety equipment, or, more rarely, when a lawful climber falls due to equipment failure or user error. The Garden of the Gods Visitor and Nature Center is located at 1805 N. 30th Street and offers a view of the park. The center's information center and 30 educational exhibits", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "2215402", "text": "opened just outside the park. The outstanding geologic features of the park are the ancient sedimentary beds of deep-red, pink and white sandstones, conglomerates and limestone that were deposited horizontally, but have now been tilted vertically and faulted into \"fins\" by the immense mountain building forces caused by the uplift of the Rocky Mountains and the Pikes Peak massif. The following Pleistocene Ice Age resulted in erosion and glaciation of the rock, creating the present rock formations. Evidence of past ages can be read in the rocks: ancient seas, eroded remains of ancestral mountain ranges, alluvial fans, sandy beaches and", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "13329870", "text": "Lusk Creek Wilderness The Lusk Creek Wilderness is a parcel of land listed as a Wilderness Area of the United States. It is located within the Shawnee National Forest in Pope County, Illinois. The nearest town of any size is Eddyville, Illinois. It includes the Lusk Creek Canyon National Natural Landmark. Like the nearby Garden of the Gods Wilderness, the Lusk Creek Wilderness contains dramatic cliffs and overlooks eroded from Carboniferous gray sandstone. As with other wilderness areas within Shawnee National Forest, the Lusk Creek Wilderness is made of hilly second-growth forested areas that were used, until the land condemnations", "title": "Lusk Creek Wilderness" }, { "id": "979554", "text": "track, racquetball, weight training, and a variety of exercise equipment. Carbondale is located near many venues for outdoor activities, including some 14 parks in the immediate vicinity. These include the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, the Shawnee National Forest, Giant City State Park, Little Grand Canyon, Piney Creek Ravine, Pomona Natural Bridge, the Garden of the Gods Wilderness area, and Trail of Tears State Park. These areas offer opportunities for hiking, biking, and horseback riding. Five minutes south of Carbondale is the city reservoir, Cedar Lake, which is open to kayaking and canoeing. The north access features several dramatic rock", "title": "Carbondale, Illinois" }, { "id": "2215401", "text": "the provision that it would be a free public park. Palmer had owned the Rock Ledge Ranch and upon his death it was donated to the city. Helen Hunt Jackson wrote of the park, \"You wind among rocks of every conceivable and inconceivable shape and size... all bright red, all motionless and silent, with a strange look of having been just stopped and held back in the very climax of some supernatural catastrophe.\" Having purchased additional surrounding land, the City of Colorado Springs' park grew to 1,364 acres. In 1995 the Garden of the Gods Visitor and Nature Center was", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "13992100", "text": "graze around the farm, and at one time, peacocks were resident. All museum guides respond to questions, demonstrate daily living skills, and voluntarily offer information about the character they are portraying in actions, speech, and dress. The museum hosts 65,000 people on an annual basis. Many visitors discover Rock Ledge Ranch due to its location immediately adjacent to the entrance to Garden of the Gods, a registered national natural landmark of high orange-red rock formations jutting out of the earth. Because of the city of Colorado Spring's economic difficulties since 2009, its funding and continued existence was threatened however an", "title": "Rock Ledge Ranch Historic Site" }, { "id": "1049859", "text": "Equality, Illinois Equality is a village in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 595 at the 2010 census, down from 721 at the 2000 census. Near the village are two points of interest, the Crenshaw House and the Garden of the Gods Wilderness. Equality was the county seat of Gallatin County from 1826–1851. On Jan. 26, 1826, Equality was officially established by the General Assembly as the county seat of Gallatin County. The courthouse was built in 1827 for the amount of $1,300.00 dollars. Court was held there until 1851, when all legal documents were removed to Shawneetown,", "title": "Equality, Illinois" }, { "id": "77746", "text": "in 1871, the city's location at the base of Pikes Peak and the Rocky Mountains made it a popular tourism destination. Tourism is the third largest employer in the Pikes Peak region, accounting for more than 16,000 jobs. Nearly 5 million visitors come to the area annually, contributing $1.35 billion in revenue. Colorado Springs has more than 55 attractions and activities in the area, including Garden of the Gods, United States Air Force Academy, the ANA Money Museum, Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, Old Colorado City and the U.S. Olympic Training Center. The downtown Colorado Springs Visitor", "title": "Colorado Springs, Colorado" }, { "id": "12541088", "text": "The Garden of the Gods The Garden of the Gods (American title: \"Fauna and Family\") (1978) by British naturalist and author Gerald Durrell (1925-1995) is the third book in his autobiographical \"Corfu trilogy,\" following \"My Family and Other Animals\" and \"Birds, Beasts, and Relatives\". This book is a humorous description of events that took place on the Greek island of Corfu between the years 1935 and 1939. The youngest in his family, Gerald was ten years of age when his widowed mother, Louisa Florence Durrell, moved the remaining family: son Leslie Durrell, and daughter, Margaret Durrell (referred to in the", "title": "The Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "2215403", "text": "great sand dune fields. The resulting rocks had different shapes: toppled, overturned, stood-up, pushed around and slanted. Balanced Rock, a fountain formation, is a combination of coarse sand, gravel, silica and hematite. It is hematite that gives the large Balanced Rock its red hue. Balanced Rock was formed as erosive processes removed softer layers near its base, eventually leaving the precarious-looking formation seen today. The Gateway Rocks Three Graces, and other outcroppings are sedimentary layers that had been pushed up vertically. The largest outcroppings in the park, \"North Gateway\", \"South Gateway\", \"Gray Rock\", and \"Sleeping Giant\" are composed primarily of", "title": "Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "1049866", "text": "was $27,625. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $18,214 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,961. About 14.0% of families and 20.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under age 18 and 22.3% of those age 65 or over. Equality, Illinois Equality is a village in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 595 at the 2010 census, down from 721 at the 2000 census. Near the village are two points of interest, the Crenshaw House and the Garden of the Gods Wilderness. Equality was the county", "title": "Equality, Illinois" }, { "id": "12541090", "text": "Jeejeebuoy, and Count Rossignol. \"The Garden of the Gods\" was first published in 1978 by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd, and simultaneously in the United States as \"Fauna and Family\" by Simon and Schuster (). The Garden of the Gods The Garden of the Gods (American title: \"Fauna and Family\") (1978) by British naturalist and author Gerald Durrell (1925-1995) is the third book in his autobiographical \"Corfu trilogy,\" following \"My Family and Other Animals\" and \"Birds, Beasts, and Relatives\". This book is a humorous description of events that took place on the Greek island of Corfu between the years", "title": "The Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "1027760", "text": "the west, Red Mountain to the south, and Englemann Canyon, south and west. It is near Garden of the Gods, with the same red stone as Red Mountain, and is at the base of Pikes Peak. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,980 people, 2,452 households, and 1,255 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,642.6 people per square mile (634.6/km²). There were 2,654 housing units at an average density of 875.4 per square mile (338.2/km²). The", "title": "Manitou Springs, Colorado" }, { "id": "5222690", "text": "while walking in the forest and his body is never found. Kearney and Dick are left to their own devices until an intruder enters: a young woman named Katafa (her name means \"Frigatebird\"). She hails from the island of Karolin, forty miles away, which is populated by Kanaka natives. It is a huge, almost treeless coral atoll, with no water source other than rain. Dicky and Emmeline were aware of the Kanaka's existence, but never encountered them—for many reasons, they stay away from Palm Tree and believe it is haunted. Katafa is actually the daughter of a Spanish sea captain", "title": "The Garden of God" }, { "id": "7303331", "text": "Road in Chatsworth. This section includes the famous \"Garden of the Gods\" on the west side of Red Mesa, in which many rock formations seen in countless old movies and TV shows are accessible to the public. Also preserved as parkland, unmarked, is an area on the east side of Red Mesa that includes the popular Lone Ranger Rock, which appeared beside a rearing Silver, the Lone Ranger's horse, in the opening to each episode of \"The Lone Ranger\" TV show. The property that includes the site of the original Iverson homestead on the Lower Iverson is owned and is", "title": "Movie ranch" }, { "id": "17324630", "text": "Bear Creek Dog Park in the western part of the city, Cheyenne Meadows Dog Park in the south, Palmer Park Dog Park in the north, and Rampart Dog Park, the northern most park. There are dog runs on the Dog Loop Trail at Red Rock Canyon Open Space and east of Rock Ledge Ranch Historic Site at Garden of the Gods. There is also a dog run at Yucca Flats in Palmer Park. Colorado Springs was voted number 1 \"Best Cities for Dogs\" by \"Men's Health\" and the number 1 \"America's Most Pet-Friendly City\" by \"Forbes\" magazine. Parks in Colorado", "title": "Parks in Colorado Springs, Colorado" }, { "id": "169958", "text": "its location: for example, at the head of the Persian Gulf, in southern Mesopotamia (now Iraq) where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers run into the sea; and in the Armenian Highlands or Armenian Plateau. British archaeologist David Rohl locates it in Iran, and in the vicinity of Tabriz, but this suggestion has not caught on with scholarly sources. The location of Eden is described in the Book of Genesis, chapter 2, verses 10–14: In the Talmud and the Jewish Kabbalah, the scholars agree that there are two types of spiritual places called \"Garden in Eden\". The first is rather terrestrial,", "title": "Garden of Eden" }, { "id": "12541089", "text": "book as \"Margo\"), from Bournemouth to join her eldest son Lawrence Durrell and his wife Nancy on the island. The author describes his many exploits catching, and making pets of, the local fauna, and the subsequent effects on his family. They are featured as major characters, although he does not discuss Lawrence's wife Nancy. Other characters from the previous books also appear here, such as Spiro (their Greek friend and chauffeur), Theodore Stephanides (family friend, doctor, poet and naturalist), and Mr Kralefsky (Gerald's one-time tutor in Corfu). He describes the new and colourful characters of Lumis Bean, Harry Bunny, Prince", "title": "The Garden of the Gods" }, { "id": "169953", "text": "the Garden of Eden naked due to their innocence. The location of Eden is described in the Book of Genesis as the source of four tributaries. The Garden of Eden is considered to be mythological by most scholars. Among those that consider it to have been real, there have been various suggestions for its location: at the head of the Persian Gulf, in southern Mesopotamia (now Iraq) where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers run into the sea; and in Armenia. The second part of the Genesis creation narrative, , opens with YHWH-Elohim (translated here \"the God\", see Names of God", "title": "Garden of Eden" }, { "id": "17443738", "text": "subject of a dispute in 2014 when the 20 limestone sculptures comprising the Garden of the Greek Gods, created by Cox in the 1960s, were hidden from view at the Muzik nightclub (now called Toronto Event Centre). This sculpture garden was donated to the City of Toronto in 1979 and installed on the south lawn of the Horticulture Building, where it was enjoyed by the art-loving public for over 30 years. When the nightclub built a huge outdoor patio in 2014, it fenced in the entire collection and made it inaccessible to the public. Family and friends expressed concern both", "title": "E.B. Cox" }, { "id": "16744824", "text": "she joined the Young Presidents' Organization, and was one of the first women to belong to the exclusive organization. She continued her business activities in 1990 with a significant investment in the Fort Worth Stockyards, an historic and popular tourist area highlighting the city’s western heritage. She developed and constructed the Garden of the Gods Visitor and Nature Center in Colorado Springs in 1995 - designed to be free to the public while generating revenue through its retail operation to assist in maintaining Garden of the Gods Park. In 2011, after the center had donated $3.5 million to the Garden", "title": "Lyda Hill" }, { "id": "19857520", "text": "Queen's Canyon Queen′s Canyon is a moderate hiking trail which crosses Glen Eyrie private property on the west side of Colorado Springs, near the North entrance to Garden of the Gods park. The trail is known for Dawson Falls and five granite pools filled with mountain water, known collectively as the punch bowls. The first half of this trail is a wood-planked path that hugs walls of the gorge. Due to damage from the Waldo Canyon fire, Queen′s Canyon was closed in 2012 due to increased flash flood danger. The earliest the trail might open is following the 2017 hiking", "title": "Queen's Canyon" }, { "id": "17278599", "text": "Garden of the Gods, with the same red stone as Red Mountain, and at the base of Pikes Peak. Manitou Avenue is the main thoroughfare and location for most of the district's businesses. Some businesses are located on Ruxton Avenue and Canon Street. Residences are located along winding streets on hills that overlook the center of town. The houses cling to the mountain slopes, sometimes creating a look of stacked boxes. The feeling close-up, on foot, or from a car, is often of a precarious and cramped context. Lacking flat land for lawns, Manitou is a town of decks, porches", "title": "Manitou Springs Historic District" }, { "id": "19857521", "text": "season. Queen's Canyon Queen′s Canyon is a moderate hiking trail which crosses Glen Eyrie private property on the west side of Colorado Springs, near the North entrance to Garden of the Gods park. The trail is known for Dawson Falls and five granite pools filled with mountain water, known collectively as the punch bowls. The first half of this trail is a wood-planked path that hugs walls of the gorge. Due to damage from the Waldo Canyon fire, Queen′s Canyon was closed in 2012 due to increased flash flood danger. The earliest the trail might open is following the 2017", "title": "Queen's Canyon" }, { "id": "19274792", "text": "the trading post. The main sales area was 40 feet by 60 feet with living quarters on the second floor, and cost an estimated $10,000 to build in 1929. The current owners have expanded the original sales floor from 2400 sq ft (40 ft x 60 ft) six times to encompass 22,000 sq ft and operates the trading post as a combination Indian art gallery, gift shop, café, conference center and wedding venue. Many of the original features of the 1929 trading post, such as the fireplace, floor and roof beams, have been kept intact preserving Strausenback’s vision of an", "title": "Garden of the Gods Trading Post" }, { "id": "169964", "text": "prophecy. Numerous early leaders of the Church, including Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and George Q. Cannon, taught that the Garden of Eden itself was located in nearby Jackson County, Missouri, but there are no surviving first-hand accounts of that doctrine being taught by Joseph Smith himself. LDS doctrine is unclear as to the exact location of the Garden of Eden, but tradition among Latter-Day Saints places it somewhere in the vicinity of Adam-ondi-Ahman, or in Jackson County. The Garden of Eden motifs most frequently portrayed in illuminated manuscripts and paintings are the \"Sleep of Adam\" (\"Creation of Eve\"), the", "title": "Garden of Eden" }, { "id": "169966", "text": "of oldest depictions of Garden of Eden is made in Byzantine style in Ravenna, while the city was still under Byzantine control. A preserved blue mosaic is part of the mausoleum of Galla Placidia. Circular motifs represent flowers of the garden of Eden. Garden of Eden The Garden of Eden (Hebrew גַּן עֵדֶן, \"Gan ʿEḏen\"), also called Paradise, is the biblical \"garden of God\" described in the Book of Genesis and the Book of Ezekiel.. Genesis 13:10 refers to the \"garden of God\", and the \"trees of the garden\" are mentioned in Ezekiel 31. The Book of Zechariah and the", "title": "Garden of Eden" }, { "id": "2900058", "text": "is the Exhibition Place Carillon. At the north-side of the park is the \"Garden of the Greek Gods\" collection of sculptures. The Queen Elizabeth Theatre, opened in 1956, is a 1,250-seat auditorium, part of the Queen Elizabeth building complex. It is leased to the operator of the Mod Club in Toronto and it is used for concerts and shows throughout the year. The Dufferin Gates are the westernmost pedestrian entranceway to the CNE grounds. Named after Lord Dufferin, the original gate to the CNE grounds was named in his honour, situated at the bottom of Dufferin Street, also named after", "title": "Exhibition Place" }, { "id": "5222686", "text": "The Garden of God The Garden of God is a romance novel by Henry De Vere Stacpoole, first published in 1923. It is the first sequel to his best-selling novel \"The Blue Lagoon\" (1908), and continued with \"The Gates of Morning\" (1925). \"The Garden of God\" was adapted into the film \"Return to the Blue Lagoon\". The sequel picks up precisely where the first book left off, with Arthur Lestrange in the ship \"Raratonga\" discovering his son Dicky and niece Emmeline with their own child, lying in their fishing boat which has drifted out to sea. While the last line", "title": "The Garden of God" }, { "id": "20780574", "text": "are up to 15,000 remains buried in the cemetery. Fairview Cemetery (Colorado Springs, Colorado) Fairview Cemetery is a 32-acre cemetery owned by the city of Colorado Springs, Colorado. A cemetery for area pioneers, the cemetery was founded in 1895 on the west side of the city, but there were earlier burials on the land. The land was donated by Anthony in exchange for water rights. Bott was a founder of Colorado City, now known as Old Colorado City. It offers views of Garden of the Gods and Cheyenne Mountain. Buried in the cemetery are Anthony Bott, madam Laura Bell McDaniel,", "title": "Fairview Cemetery (Colorado Springs, Colorado)" }, { "id": "522457", "text": "Designed by landscape architect Michael Van Valkenburgh, attractions here include summer and winter skating rinks, an extensive playground, climbing walls, tennis courts, and an activities building, which were redeveloped from 2012 to 2015. Built in 1893 on the western edge of Grant Park, the Art Institute of Chicago is one of the premier art museums and art schools in the US, known especially for the extensive collection of Impressionist and American art, such as \"A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte\", and Grant Wood's \"American Gothic\". The School of the Art Institute of Chicago has facilities in", "title": "Grant Park (Chicago)" }, { "id": "10081377", "text": "town plans in 1871, is Acacia Park. It was initially called Acacia Square or North Park. General William Jackson Palmer donated land to establish Acacia and additional parks, including: Antlers Park, Monument Valley Park, North Cheyenne Cañon, Palmer Park, Pioneer Square (South) Park, Prospect Lake and Bear Creek Cañon Park. He donated a total of 1,270 acres of land, some of which was also used for scenic drives, tree-lined roadways and foot and bridle paths. The Perkins heirs donated Garden of the Gods to the city in 1909. The city purchased land at the southern border of the city and", "title": "History of Colorado Springs, Colorado" }, { "id": "20780573", "text": "Fairview Cemetery (Colorado Springs, Colorado) Fairview Cemetery is a 32-acre cemetery owned by the city of Colorado Springs, Colorado. A cemetery for area pioneers, the cemetery was founded in 1895 on the west side of the city, but there were earlier burials on the land. The land was donated by Anthony in exchange for water rights. Bott was a founder of Colorado City, now known as Old Colorado City. It offers views of Garden of the Gods and Cheyenne Mountain. Buried in the cemetery are Anthony Bott, madam Laura Bell McDaniel, Civil War veterans, gold prospectors, and saloon keepers. There", "title": "Fairview Cemetery (Colorado Springs, Colorado)" }, { "id": "6463699", "text": "dressing rooms, an office, a \"green room\", a \"switch room\" and a sound room. The stage is in size. The adjacent green space is known as Bandshell Park. In the north-east corner of the park is the Exhibition Place Carillon. At the north-side of the park is the \"Garden of the Greek Gods\" collection of sculptures. South of the bandshell is the \"Acqua Dolce\" Restaurant facing the rose garden. The Bandshell was dedicated on August 28, 1936, by Toronto Mayor Sam McBride and the Lord Mayor of London Sir Percy Vincent at the opening of the Canadian National Exhibition. Highlighting", "title": "CNE Bandshell" }, { "id": "19274793", "text": "Indian trading post. It is one of the oldest and largest curio stores in the southwest to be operated continuously from its founding. It welcomes over 400,000 visitors annually, and has become one of the main attractions in Colorado Springs. In 1926 Strausenback copyrighted a logo of a Pueblo style thunderbird attacking a rattlesnake patterned after a drawing by Awa Tsireh (Alfonso Roybal) that would become synonymous with the trading post. This logo was painted on the front of the trading post, used on printed matter and business cards and made into silversmith stamps used as shop marks designating where", "title": "Garden of the Gods Trading Post" }, { "id": "7935750", "text": "Cemetery. It was heavily advertised in local newspapers as \"Illinois' Most Beautiful Cemetery; Without the Gates of the City.\" One of the other emblems of the cemetery is a monument of three pillars, symbolizing Faith, Hope, and Charity, located at the far west end. In later years, a mausoleum was constructed. Most of the sections in the cemetery are crudely named for letters of the alphabet, but special sections are formally named. The \"Garden of Eden\" is that area directly in front of the windmill leading up to Lake Emblem, surrounded on either side by lilac bushes. The \"Veneration\" and", "title": "Mount Emblem Cemetery" }, { "id": "2020355", "text": "in Savannah. In late 2014, the statue was moved to a dedicated space in the Telfair Museums' Jepson Center for the Arts on West York Street, in Savannah. Both Hugh W. Mercer and Johnny Mercer are buried in Bonaventure Cemetery. The book won the 1995 Boeke Prize and was one of the finalists for the 1995 Pulitzer Prize for nonfiction. Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil is a non-fiction work by John Berendt. The book, Berendt's first, was published in 1994. It became a \"New York Times\" Best-Seller for 216", "title": "Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil" }, { "id": "5222691", "text": "who was killed to prevent his taking water from their wells during a drought. Raised by priestess Le Juan, and psychologically conditioned as a \"taminan\" untouchable, she can talk and interact with Karolin natives, but cannot touch or be touched by them. She is on Palm Tree only because a storm blew her fishing boat off course. She makes friends with Dick and teaches him her language, naming him \"Taori\", but Kearney is suspicious of her, particularly when he finds she evades touch. She is likewise antagonistic toward him for having tried to touch her. Her boat destroyed by a", "title": "The Garden of God" }, { "id": "2697421", "text": "as belonging to the Fountain Formation. Other Colorado examples of Fountain Formation geology include nearby Roxborough State Park, Garden of the Gods near Colorado Springs, and the Flatirons near Boulder. The rocks were formed about 290-296 million years ago when the Ancestral Rocky Mountains were eroded during the Pennsylvanian epoch. Later, uplift during the Laramide orogeny tilted the rocks to the angle at which they sit today. An Army expedition led by Stephen Long discovered present day Red Rocks in 1820. The park was in times far past a favored campsite of the Ute tribe for it provided natural cover", "title": "Red Rocks Park" }, { "id": "8617730", "text": "the New Life Media Network. Between them, the two stations and their satellites and repeaters cover almost two-thirds of Illinois, as well as portions of Missouri and Indiana. WCIC WCIC is a contemporary Christian music station in Peoria, Illinois. It is licensed to the nearby suburb of Pekin and owned by the Illinois Bible Institute, the educational branch of the Illinois District Council of the Assemblies of God. Studios are located in northwest Peoria. In addition to the main station at 91.5, WCIC simulcasts on full-power satellites WPRC 88.7 in Sheffield, Illinois (serving Sterling and Rock Falls), WSCT 90.5 in", "title": "WCIC" }, { "id": "9095366", "text": "or \"garden of the gods\". Garden of the Gods is a park in Colorado Springs, Colorado, where a skull, the only fossil of the genus yet to be discovered, was found in 1878. The specific name \"kerri\" honors James Hutchinson Kerr, who found the specimen. The article describing the find classified \"Theiophytalia\" as intermediate in derivation between \"Camptosaurus\" and \"Iguanodon\". The type species is \"Theiophytalia kerri\". In 2010 and 2011 cladistic analyses of McDonald and colleagues, \"Theiophytalia\" has been recovered as a basal member of the Styracosterna and its closest relative was \"Hippodraco\". Theiophytalia Theiophytalia is a genus of herbivorous", "title": "Theiophytalia" }, { "id": "19274790", "text": "Garden of the Gods Trading Post The Garden of the Gods Trading Post is a historic site in Manitou Springs, Colorado. It is adjacent to the Colorado Springs public park Garden of the Gods. At the age of 10 years old, in 1900, Charles E. Strausenback began selling figures that he carved from gypsum to visitors to the Garden of the Gods. He went into business for himself about 1917 and operated various stores in and around the park. In 1929 he built a Pueblo-themed trading post at the junction of Beckers Lane and the park boundary where it was", "title": "Garden of the Gods Trading Post" }, { "id": "3162481", "text": "Garden of Allah Hotel The Garden of Allah was a famous hotel in West Hollywood, California (then an unincorporated area of Los Angeles which was usually considered a part of Hollywood), at 8152 Sunset Boulevard between Crescent Heights and Havenhurst, at the east end of the Sunset Strip. Originally a 2.5 acre estate called Hayvenhurst, it was built in 1913 as the private residence of real estate developer William H. Hay. Alla Nazimova acquired the property in 1919: she converted it into a residential hotel in 1926 by adding 25 villas around the residence, which opened as the \"Garden of", "title": "Garden of Allah Hotel" }, { "id": "1905997", "text": "the Vaux Hall Service Area. After the service area, the road crosses the Union Toll Barrier northbound and crosses a massive interchange with Interstate 78 at exit 142A–B. Running northeast into Essex County, the parkway reaches Irvington and soon crosses into the dense East Orange. In East Orange is an interchange with Interstate 280 at exit 145. Winding into Bloomfield, the parkway crosses exit 148 at CR 506 (Bloomfield Avenue). North of exit 149, the southbound parkway has the Essex Toll Barrier. After the Brookdale North and Brookdale South service areas, the parkway crosses into exit 153, which serves Route", "title": "Garden State Parkway" }, { "id": "11490208", "text": "hills of Tertiary and Cretaceous sandstone. Sandstone ledges are Dakota Formation. Pedimont rock is prevalent in the north portion of the city. There are pediment gravels on the west side. The mountains have been quarried for limestone. Scenic Pennsylvanian rock formations are found at Garden of the Gods. The natural gap between the sandstone Austin Bluffs is Templeton Gap, and a few westernmost portions of the city are on the east escarpment's slope of the Southern Rocky Mountains section adjacent to the Colorado Piedmont, separated by the Fall line of the Front Range. Colorado Springs is 70 miles south of", "title": "Geography of Colorado Springs, Colorado" }, { "id": "169963", "text": "and eventually both Adam and Eve did so, resulting in disobeying God. These stories are also featured in the hadith collections, including al-Tabari. Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as Mormons or Latter-day Saints) believe that after Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden they resided in a place known as Adam-ondi-Ahman, located in present-day Daviess County, Missouri. It is recorded in the Doctrine and Covenants that Adam blessed his posterity there and that he will return to that place at the time of the final judgement in fulfillment of biblical", "title": "Garden of Eden" }, { "id": "14998916", "text": "County, Tappan still found time to explore the surrounding area. In 1859, Tappan, Anthony Bott, George Bute, Melancthon S. Beach, A.D. Richardson, several people from Golden City, and several women hiked to the summit of Pikes Peak, taking several days. At the summit, the hikers found evidence of others having reached the summit. Records indicate the members of the Lawrence, Kansas, prospecting party hiked to the summit in the summer of 1858. Tappan was one of the first 3 white men to enter the region known as \"Garden of the Gods\", which they named. The name of the park goes", "title": "Lewis Northey Tappan" }, { "id": "8242418", "text": "the gun and shot him. Other sources state he died in the foyer outside of the office where Danny Hansford was shot. Williams was buried next to his mother, Blanche Brooks Williams, in Ramah Church Cemetery, located in Gordon, Georgia. Danny Lewis Hansford is buried at Greenwich Cemetery, Savannah, GA. The book, \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\", about Hansford's murder and Williams' subsequent trial for the killing, was written by author John Berendt and published in 1994. A New York Times' Bestseller and finalist for the 1995 Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction, the book was adapted into", "title": "James Arthur Williams" }, { "id": "12802113", "text": "James Madison Park James Madison Park is a waterfront park located on Lake Mendota in Madison, Wisconsin. It is owned by the city of Madison. The park is the home of the Gates of Heaven Synagogue (Shaarei Shamayim). The 1863 building, a popular site for weddings of all faiths, is the eighth-oldest synagogue building still standing in the United States. In the 1970s it was purchased by the city, restored, and moved to the park. The park is also home to the Bernard - Hoover Boat House. This is owned by the City of Madison, and occupied by Mendota Rowing", "title": "James Madison Park" }, { "id": "10838246", "text": "passes through the estate and the home is in the shadow of Pikes Peak. Under Mrs. Cara Bell's direction, Briarhurst became \"the social center\" of the community, hosting the internationally famous of the day, President Grant, President Teddy Roosevelt and Oscar Wilde after his lecture in Colorado Springs in 1882. On occasion, a tribe of friendly Utes camped on the Briarhurst estate grounds while preparing to go into the Garden of the Gods, for them a holy place of worship. One winter night in 1886, while Dr. Bell was away on business, Mrs. Bell awoke to a bedroom filled with", "title": "Briarhurst" }, { "id": "10507055", "text": "Piru Mansion The Piru Mansion is a Queen Anne Style home located in Piru, California. Also known as the Newhall Mansion or Cook Mansion, the Piru Mansion was built in 1886 and is Ventura County Historical Landmark #4. It was built by Piru's founder, David C. Cook, a wealthy publisher of Sunday School tracts and supplies from Illinois, who had wanted to establish a \"Second Garden of Eden,\" specifying, tradition says, the planting of Biblical apricots, dates, figs, grapes, olives, and pomegranates. Cook's house became known as the Piru Mansion because of Sunkist's \"Mansion Brand\" valencia oranges, which can still", "title": "Piru Mansion" }, { "id": "15532006", "text": "District once had an elementary school building, named for Perkins. Although the school itself is no longer active within the district, the building still remains at the corner of Summer Street, and Dodge Street, and is currently a private home, and business. In 1879, Perkins purchased in the Garden of the Gods near Colorado Springs, Colorado. The purchase was originally intended for a summer home, but Perkins decided to leave the land in its natural state while acquiring additional land, all of which was informally open to the public for a number of years. In 1909, Perkins' children, knowing their", "title": "Charles Elliott Perkins" }, { "id": "11190133", "text": "edge of Forsyth Park. As of March 2017, Seiler still practises there. The courthouse scenes were filmed at the United States Bankruptcy Court, on the western side of Wright Square. Dixie's Flowers, the flower shop Mandy works at, is on the northeastern side of the square, on East State Street. The residence used as The Lady Chablis' home is 418 East Liberty Street. The Myra Bishop Family Clinic she walks to is at the corner of Habersham Street and East Liberty Lane. Kelso has breakfast at Clary's Cafe, at 404 Abercorn Street. Photos of the cast taken during down time", "title": "Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (film)" }, { "id": "4397664", "text": "the \"Plant Farm Museum\" \"to show all the wonderful things o' God's Creation, kinda like the Garden of Eden.\" It features such attractions as the \"Bible House,\" \"the Mirror House,\" \"the Hubcap Tower,\" \"the Bicycle Tower,\" \"the Machine Gun Nest,\" and the largest structure in the garden, the five-story \"Folk Art Chapel.\" He also started putting up signs with Bible verses on them because \"he felt that they stuck in people's heads better that way.\" He retired from preaching in 1965 and focused all of his time on improving the Plant Farm Museum. In 1976, he had another vision to", "title": "Howard Finster" }, { "id": "1048543", "text": "shelter, and parking lot are located near the Windsor Road entrance. A community garden, an herbal garden, the Timpone Ornamental Tree Grove and a shelter are located near the Race Street entrance. The park also contains many streams which are among the first tributaries of the Embarras River. The Urbana Dog Park, located on East Perkins Road, is a place to walk one's dog without a leash. The Anita Purves Nature Center, located on the north end of Crystal Lake Park, offers nature education programs. The ART IN THE PARK, just north of the Urbana City Hall (400 S. Vine", "title": "Urbana, Illinois" }, { "id": "11490210", "text": "one. Military facilities in Colorado Springs include North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), United States Air Force Academy, Peterson Air Force Base, and Fort Carson. The city owns more than 15,000 acres of open space and park, including North Cheyenne Cañon Park, Garden of the Gods, and Palmer Park, and North Cheyenne Cañon Park. There are more than 6,000 acres of open space land, 8,000 acres of parkland, and about 300 miles of trails in Colorado Springs and the nearby area. The city, which borders national and state park lands, has canyons, bluffs, mesas, rock formations, treed foothills, mountain creeks,", "title": "Geography of Colorado Springs, Colorado" }, { "id": "198236", "text": "Museum of Natural History, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Adler Planetarium, and the Museum of Science and Industry. The modern Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield is the largest and most attended presidential library in the country. The Illinois State Museum boasts a collection of 13.5 million objects that tell the story of Illinois life, land, people, and art. The ISM is among only 5% of the nation's museums that are accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. Other historical museums in the state include the Polish Museum of America in Chicago; Magnolia Manor in Cairo; Easley", "title": "Illinois" }, { "id": "13405251", "text": "Valley of the Gods The Valley of the Gods is a scenic sandstone valley near Mexican Hat in San Juan County, Southeastern Utah, United States. Formerly part of Bears Ears National Monument, it is located north of Monument Valley across the San Juan River and has similar rock formations to Monument Valley with tall, reddish brown mesas, buttes, towers and mushroom rocks remnants of an ancient landscapestanding above the level valley floor. On December 4, 2017, President Donald Trump issued a proclamation that reduced the area of Bears Ears National Monument (proclaimed by President Barack Obama in December 2016), with", "title": "Valley of the Gods" }, { "id": "7278191", "text": "impassibility in inclement weather. The stretch does have two spots of pavement, nevertheless: one about in from the west, which is only about long, and one about in from the west, which often confuses drivers since it is so near to the end of the advertised length (its pavement lasts about ). The drive has some nice scenic views, including one reminiscent of Colorado's Garden of the Gods; but its remoteness is not amicable to tourists having automobile breakdowns. New Mexico State Road 456 State Road 456 (NM 456) is a long state highway in northeast New Mexico. It extends", "title": "New Mexico State Road 456" }, { "id": "14998917", "text": "back to August 1859. Several surveyors including Lewis N. Tappan, who would later discover a lead mine in Quartz valley, explored the area. Upon discovering the site, one of the surveyors, Melancthon S. Beach, said it would be a \"capital place for a beer garden.\" His companion, Rufus Cable, who was awestruck by the impressive rock formations, replied, \"Beer Garden! Why it is a fit place for the gods to assemble. We will call it the Garden of the Gods.\" As with other early entrepreneurs in Colorado City, Lewis N. Tappan and his brother, George H. Tappan, owned and operated", "title": "Lewis Northey Tappan" }, { "id": "2020364", "text": "of Art, and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City. Jack Leigh died of colon cancer on May 19, 2004, and is buried in Bonaventure Cemetery, where he took his most famous photograph. Bird Girl Bird Girl is a sculpture made in 1936 by Sylvia Shaw Judson in Lake Forest, Illinois. It was sculpted at Ragdale, her family's summer home, and achieved fame when it was featured on the cover of the non-fiction novel \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\" (1994). \"Bird Girl\" is cast in bronze and stands tall. She is the image of", "title": "Bird Girl" }, { "id": "13806225", "text": "large numbers of people boarding at Garden Of The Gods & Centennial at certain times of the day. On May 19, 2013, the restored free shuttle service began in Manitou Springs. The shuttle runs along Manitou Avenue and connect the Cog Railway and Manitou Incline along Ruxton Avenue. It runs daily (including Sundays and holidays) from 6 AM to 6 PM during the summer months. Service frequency is 20 minutes from 6 AM to 8 AM, and 30 minutes afterwards. This service is expected to resume next Spring. On September 8, 2013, bus stop standardization was implemented on routes 1,", "title": "Mountain Metropolitan Transit" }, { "id": "5222688", "text": "pair; they ask him to come to Palm Tree, the island where they lived, and promise he will see them again. Their child becomes quite popular with the \"Raratonga\"s crew. His favorite among the sailors is a rascally quasi-pirate called Jim Kearney. Because the child says \"Dick\" and \"Em\" while playing with the sailors, Kearney calls him Dick M. Captain Stanistreet has been concerned for Arthur's sanity since they found Dicky and Emmeline, but he appears calm when they get to Palm Tree, investigating the things the couple left behind. Only when he enters the house and finds the flower", "title": "The Garden of God" }, { "id": "8947347", "text": "Braeside station Braeside, also known as Lake Cook Road, is a railroad station in Highland Park, Illinois serving Metra's Union Pacific/North Line, in the Braeside neighborhood of Highland Park. It is located at 10 North St. Johns Avenue, just off Lake Cook Road. In Metra's zone-based fare schedule, Braeside is located in \"Zone E\". Cook County Forest Preserves' Turnbull Woods and William N. Erickson Preserve are adjacent to the station, and the Chicago Botanic Garden is a mile away. Braeside Station has a warming hut on the inbound side of the track, but not on the outbound side. The station", "title": "Braeside station" }, { "id": "2963129", "text": "the Japanese Garden in Jackson Park. With the collective efforts of the City of Osaka and the Chicago Park District, the gardens were restored and named \"Osaka Garden\" in 1993 in honor of that city's help and friendship. The gardens were renamed Garden of the Phoenix in 2013. There is a koi pond within the garden. The garden in itself is very peaceful, and the simplicity of the pond and the large fish swimming calmly inside provides a serene atmosphere. The stones within the park carry an old legend which says they are laid in a zigzag because evil spirits", "title": "Jackson Park (Chicago)" }, { "id": "13806233", "text": "will service some of route 14's stops, mainly Chestnut St. from Fontanero to Fillmore, and Garden of the Gods Road from Centennial to near 30th St. It departs from the Downtown Terminal at :45 starting at 7:45 AM running on weekdays, allowing a 30-minute headway to the Citizen's Service Center, reducing overcrowding and \"improving\" route 14's on-time performance. Route 2 started service on Monday, May 19. Initial hours were from 7:45 AM - 11 AM and 2 PM - 4:30 PM with no midday service. Route 2's hours were changed to 10:45 AM – 4:31 PM on June 23, 2014", "title": "Mountain Metropolitan Transit" }, { "id": "3834138", "text": "Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg. By 1851 he had departed New York for Virginia, where together with Rev. J. L. Scott he launched the first of his communal enterprises, the Mountain Cove Community of Spiritualists, on pristine land claimed by one of the group's leaders to be the actual site of the Garden of Eden. It was intended to there create a \"city of refuge\" from which angels were to descend and ascend. The experiment was racked by squabbling over property and personalities, and after two years the Virginia commune collapsed. Following the collapse of the Mountain Cove Community, Harris went", "title": "Thomas Lake Harris" }, { "id": "17351660", "text": "Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 1983, the community formed an organization to restore the farm called the Garden of Eden Preservation Society. As of 2018, it continues work on the project. It is open for tours on Sundays in June, July and August. Capt. Alexander A. Arnold Farm The Capt. Alexander A. Arnold Farm is located in Galesville, Wisconsin. The farm is located near U.S. Route 53 across from Gale / Ettrick / Trempealeau High School at 19408 Silver Creek Road. The farm once belonged to Speaker of the Assembly and State Senator Alexander Ahab Arnold. He designed", "title": "Capt. Alexander A. Arnold Farm" }, { "id": "816240", "text": "Design, an international leader in teaching systemic, human-centered design, is located at 350 N. LaSalle Street in Chicago's River North neighborhood. The 19-acre Daniel F. and Ada L. Rice Campus in west suburban Wheaton complements area community colleges, serving west suburban residents and employees in Illinois' high-tech corridor by offering graduate programs, upper-level undergraduate courses, and continuing professional education. The five-acre Moffett Campus in southwest suburban Bedford Park houses the Institute for Food Safety and Health, including its National Center for Food Safety and Technology, a consortium of government, industry and academia that seeks to improve the quality and safety", "title": "Illinois Institute of Technology" }, { "id": "9109960", "text": "border. Portions of the Cook County Forest Preserves cover several square miles in the district's southwest corner. Cultural attractions include Brookfield Zoo and the Balzekas Museum of Lithuanian Culture in West Lawn; educational institutions include St. Xavier University in Mount Greenwood, Moraine Valley Community College in Palos Hills, Morton College in Cicero, and Richard J. Daley College, a Chicago city college, in West Lawn; and medical facilities include Advocate Christ Medical Center in Oak Lawn, Adventist La Grange Memorial Hospital in La Grange and MacNeal Hospital in Berwyn. A Ronald McDonald House adjacent to Advocate Christ opened in December 2008.", "title": "Illinois's 3rd congressional district" }, { "id": "1047920", "text": "as one of the locations in Illinois for the Lincoln-Douglas debates. The All-American Park is located on the banks of the Quincy Bay and is the site of an Antique Auto Museum. Near the All-American Park is the Clat Adams Bicentennial Park and Quinsippi Island. Clat Adams Bicentennial Park sits on the river and serves as the location for the 4th of July firework celebration. Quinsippi Island is accessible through the All-American Park and comprises . The island is also the location for the Log Cabin Village. Bob Mays Park sits on fifty acres of land and opened in 2008.", "title": "Quincy, Illinois" }, { "id": "1895543", "text": "Eden, Wisconsin Eden is a village in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 875 at the 2010 census. The village is located within the Town of Eden. A post office called Eden was first established in 1850. Eden was either named after the Garden of Eden, or after John Eden, an early settler. Eden is located at (43.693077, -88.361805). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 875 people, 337 households, and", "title": "Eden, Wisconsin" }, { "id": "2009741", "text": "It was deemed significant because the relationship between its \"natural environmental and its cultural elements developed over time\" and because \"it epitomizes the large urban park in Canada.\" Stanley Park was named the best park in the world in 2013, according to website TripAdvisor's first ever Travellers' Choice Awards. Central Park in New York took second place and Colorado’s Garden of the Gods was third place. The Vancouver Seawall is popular for walking, running, cycling, inline skating, and even fishing (with a licence). There are two paths, one for skaters and cyclists and the other for pedestrians. The lane for", "title": "Stanley Park" }, { "id": "5222689", "text": "decorations and neatly arranged supplies—unmistakably the work of Emmeline—does he break down in tears. Arthur plans to stay on the island with Dick M and the captain of the \"Raratonga\" asks for volunteers from among his crew to stay also. Jim Kearney volunteers. The captain says they will return the following year, but the ship is promptly swallowed up in a storm out at sea. Arthur believes his dream-vision is partly fulfilled when he looks at Dick and notices characteristics of both Emmeline and Dicky in him. Kearney does most of the parenting for Dick. Years pass; Arthur dies quietly", "title": "The Garden of God" }, { "id": "5222694", "text": "Seeing their proprietary god on a reef with Dick (a foreigner) nearby, they attack him. He lashes out, killing one. Katafa is angry when she learns her people were that close, but she finds she cannot hate Dick; she's falling in love with him, to the point that she begins to desire to touch other living things. Dick wants to hug her, but she automatically evades him and hides in the forest, due to her psychological conditioning. The narrative focus shifts to Karolin. The three remaining fishermen return with their terrible news. The fisherman Dick killed was the grandson of", "title": "The Garden of God" }, { "id": "13093623", "text": "Oz Park Oz Park is a public park in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of North Side, Chicago. It is located at 2021 North Burling Street, at the corner of Lincoln and Webster, just south of the Lincoln, Halsted, and Fullerton intersection. The park borders Lincoln Park High School and features many statues fashioned after characters in \"The Wizard of Oz\", a book which was authored by Chicago reporter L. Frank Baum. It is open from 6 AM to 11 PM, and pets are allowed. During the 1950s, the area surrounding what is now called Oz Park was in need of", "title": "Oz Park" } ]

[ "2002" ]

[ { "id": "11305773", "text": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars: The Force Awakens (also known as Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens) is a 2015 American epic space opera film produced, co-written and directed by J. J. Abrams. It is the first installment of the \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy and the seventh installment of the main \"Star Wars\" film franchise, following \"Return of the Jedi\" (1983). The film stars Harrison Ford, Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Lupita Nyong'o, Andy Serkis, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Peter Mayhew, and Max von Sydow, and was produced by", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "id": "360353", "text": "Star Wars Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, created by George Lucas and centered around a film series that began with the eponymous 1977 movie. The saga quickly became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon. The first film was followed by two successful sequels, \"The Empire Strikes Back\" (1980) and \"Return of the Jedi\" (1983); these three films constitute the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, albeit to mixed reactions from critics and fans. Finally, a sequel trilogy to conclude the nine-episode saga began in 2015 with \"\". The first eight", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "18293477", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII – The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson. It is the second installment of the \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy and the eighth installment of the main \"Star Wars\" film franchise, following \"\" (2015). It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film's ensemble cast includes Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Adam Driver, Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Andy Serkis, Lupita Nyong'o, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Gwendoline Christie, and", "title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi" }, { "id": "6142392", "text": "of \"The Force Awakens\" that most of its cast would return for \"Episode VIII\". On January 20, 2016, Lucasfilm and Disney announced that the release of the film would be delayed from May to December 2017. Three days later, the release date of December 15, 2017 was confirmed, as well as the title \"Star Wars: The Last Jedi\". Principal photography began in February 2016; additional filming took place in Dubrovnik from March 9 to March 16, as well as in Ireland in May. Principal photography wrapped in July 2016. Carrie Fisher died on December 27, 2016, but had completed filming", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "6142359", "text": "Star Wars sequel trilogy The \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy is the third and final set of three films in the \"Star Wars\" franchise, an American space opera created by George Lucas. It is being produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The trilogy is to consist of episodes \"VII\" through \"IX\", and chronologically follows \"Episode VI: Return of the Jedi\" (1983). Lucas had planned a sequel trilogy as early as 1976, but had cancelled it by 1981 and produced only the first six episodes. The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm in late 2012 and announced", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "614581", "text": "financial success, making over $649 million worldwide; however, it also became the first \"Star Wars\" film to be outgrossed in its year of release, placing third domestically and fourth highest-grossing worldwide. The film was released on VHS and DVD on November 12, 2002 and was later released on Blu-ray on September 16, 2011. The third and final film of the prequel trilogy, \"\", was released in 2005. Ten years after the Trade Federation's invasion of Naboo, the Galactic Republic is threatened by the Separatist movement organized by former Jedi Master Count Dooku. Senator Padmé Amidala comes to Coruscant to vote", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "630935", "text": "adapted by E. Jack Kaplan and Cheryl Gard. An audio CD boxed set of the \"Star Wars\" radio series was released in 1993, containing the original 1981 radio drama along with the radio adaptations of the sequels, \"The Empire Strikes Back\" and \"Return of the Jedi\". Footnotes Citations Star Wars (film) Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the first film in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy and the beginning of the \"Star Wars\" franchise. Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison", "title": "Star Wars (film)" }, { "id": "6142360", "text": "plans to produce the sequel films. The first installment, \"\", was released in December 2015 in the U.S. It is directed by J. J. Abrams who co-wrote the screenplay with Lawrence Kasdan and Michael Arndt. Harrison Ford, Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, and other cast members from the original trilogy returned to reprise their roles and co-star alongside Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Adam Driver, and Oscar Isaac. Unlike the previous two trilogies, whose films were released approximately three years apart and released on Memorial Day weekend, the sequel films are planned to be released two years apart in December. \"\" was", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "614578", "text": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the \"Star Wars\" prequel trilogy, and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz. Set ten years after the events in \"\", the galaxy is on the brink of civil war, with thousands of planetary systems threatening to secede from the Galactic Republic. After", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "614580", "text": "Spain and Italy. It was one of the first motion pictures shot completely on a high-definition digital 24-frame system. The film was released in the United States on May 16, 2002. It received mixed reviews, with some critics hailing it as an improvement over its predecessor \"The Phantom Menace\" and others considering it the worst installment of the franchise. Although the visual effects, costume design, musical score, action sequences and McGregor's performance as Obi-Wan Kenobi were all praised, the romance of Padmé and Anakin, the dialogue, the screenplay and the film's long runtime were all criticized. The film was a", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "630804", "text": "The film has been reissued multiple times at Lucas's behest, incorporating many changes including modified computer-generated effects, altered dialogue, re-edited shots, remixed soundtracks and added scenes. The film's success led to two critically and commercially successful sequels, \"The Empire Strikes Back\" in 1980 and \"Return of the Jedi\" in 1983, and later to a prequel trilogy, a sequel trilogy, and two anthology films. The galaxy is in the midst of a civil war. Rebel spies have stolen plans to the Galactic Empire's Death Star, a colossal space station capable of destroying an entire planet. Princess Leia, one of the rebellion's", "title": "Star Wars (film)" }, { "id": "6142391", "text": "Tatiana Maslany, Gina Rodriguez, Olivia Cooke, and Bel Powley were on the shortlist for two separate parts. Jimmy Vee was cast as R2-D2, succeeding Kenny Baker, who would die the next year. Some pre-production filming took place in September 2015 on the island of Skellig Michael, Ireland to take advantage of better weather conditions. Abrams revealed that the film's script was completed in a November 2015 interview with \"Wired\". In December, Hamill, Isaac, Christie, and Boyega were confirmed to reprise their roles as Luke Skywalker, Poe Dameron, Captain Phasma, and Finn, respectively. Kennedy announced at the December 17 London premiere", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "668221", "text": "make $100 million in three days. In eight days, it reached the $200 million mark (a record tied with \"Spider-Man 2\") and by its 17th day, the film had passed $300 million (surpassing the record of 18 days of \"Shrek 2\"). It was eventually the third-fastest film (after \"Shrek 2\" and \"Spider-Man\") to reach $350 million. The film ended its run in American theaters on October 20, 2005, finishing with a total gross of $380,270,577. It ranks 29th in all-time domestic grosses and is the highest-grossing U.S. of 2005, outgrossing second-place \"\" by nearly $90 million. The film sold an", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "14086884", "text": "Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II is an action-adventure platform video game developed and published by LucasArts. It is the second installment of , and the sequel to \"\" (2008). The game was released in the United States on October 26, 2010, and throughout Europe on October 29 for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Nintendo Wii consoles, as well as the Nintendo DS and iOS portable devices. Players control a clone of Starkiller, who himself was a secret apprentice to Darth Vader in \"The Force Unleashed\". The clone embarks on a quest to", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II" }, { "id": "668168", "text": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the sixth entry in the \"Star Wars\" film series and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Frank Oz. A sequel to \"\" (1999) and \"\" (2002), it is the third and final installment in the \"Star Wars\" prequel trilogy. The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars. The Jedi", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "6142395", "text": "and a week later, it was announced that J.J. Abrams would return to direct \"Episode IX\". He would the script with Chris Terrio, in addition to producing the film through his company Bad Robot Productions, with Kennedy and Michelle Rejwan. Disney had originally scheduled the film's release for December 2019, in keeping with the previous two sequel trilogy films, but then moved it up to May 24, a time of the year more common to the first six \"Star Wars\" episodes. However, after Abrams' return, its release date was moved back to December. On January 10, 2018, it was reported", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "6142380", "text": "discovery for the audience\". Much of the old expanded universe content would continue to be available under the \"Star Wars: Legends\" brand, which was created to brand the non-canonical works of the franchise. Only \"Episodes I-VI\" would remain canon to the franchise, along \"The Clone Wars\" animated film and series. Everything produced after the announcement, would also be considered remain canon. The first film in the sequel trilogy was titled \"Episode VII: The Force Awakens\" and written by Lucas co-writer on two sequels in the original trilogy Lawrence Kasdan, along J.J. Abrams, who also directed it. As noted by Lucas", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "6142385", "text": "abandoning the Resistance. They agree to help deliver the map inside BB-8 to the Resistance. \"Episode VII\" began pre-production on October 30, 2012. The screenplay for the film was originally set to be written by Michael Arndt, but time management and creative differences contributed to his departure from the project. On January 25, 2013, J.J. Abrams was officially announced as \"Episode VII\"s director and producer, along with producer Bryan Burk and Bad Robot Productions. John Williams was hired to compose the music for the entire sequel trilogy. In October, it was announced that writing duties would be taken over by", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "6142371", "text": "decided to end the saga as six films. This prevented him from developing a sequel trilogy during that time-frame. In an interview published in the February 1999 issue of \"Vanity Fair\", Lucas said: \"When you see it in six parts, you'll understand. It really ends at part six. I never had a story for the sequels, for the later ones.\" In early May 2002, just before the worldwide release of \"\" and while Lucas was working on the script for \"Episode III\", rumors of \"Star Wars\" episodes VII, VIII, and IX were posted on the Internet. In reply, Lucas noted", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "630801", "text": "Star Wars (film) Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the first film in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy and the beginning of the \"Star Wars\" franchise. Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star. \"Star Wars\" was released", "title": "Star Wars (film)" }, { "id": "4649907", "text": "retitled \"Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope\" for its 1981 rerelease. \"Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back\" was released on May 21, 1980, and \"\" on May 25, 1983. The sequels were self-financed by Lucasfilm, and generally advertised without the episodic number distinction present in their opening crawls. The plot of the original trilogy centers on the Galactic Civil War of the Rebel Alliance trying to free the galaxy from the clutches of the Galactic Empire, as well as on Luke Skywalker's quest to become a Jedi. A Rebel spaceship is intercepted by the Empire above the desert", "title": "Star Wars Trilogy" }, { "id": "668235", "text": "duel to the death. In the latter mode, two players team up to combat increasingly difficult waves of enemies. Footnotes Citations Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the sixth entry in the \"Star Wars\" film series and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Frank Oz. A sequel to \"\" (1999) and \"\" (2002), it is the third and final", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "668220", "text": "to box office analysis sites, the film set American records for highest gross in a given number of days for each of its first 12 days of release except for the seventh and eighth, where the record is narrowly held by \"Spider-Man 2\". On its fifth day, it became the highest-grossing film of 2005, surpassing \"Hitch\" ($177.6 million). The film earned $158.5 million in its first four-day period, surpassing the previous four-day record held by \"The Matrix Reloaded\" ($134.3 million), and joining \"Spider-Man\", \"The Matrix Reloaded\" and \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" as one the only films to", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "11305876", "text": "February 2016 at Pinewood Studios. Hamill, Fisher, Driver, Ridley, Boyega, Isaac, Serkis, Nyong'o, Gleeson, Daniels, Christie, Vee, and Suotamo reprised their roles in the film, and are joined by Kelly Marie Tran, Laura Dern, and Benicio del Toro. \"Episode IX\" is scheduled for release on December 20, 2019. Abrams will direct the film and co-write it with Chris Terrio. Footnote Citations Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars: The Force Awakens (also known as Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens) is a 2015 American epic space opera film produced, co-written and directed by J. J. Abrams. It is", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "id": "614618", "text": "tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run. Two novels based on the movie were published, a tie-in junior novel by Scholastic, and a novelization written by R. A. Salvatore, which includes some unique scenes. A four-issue comic book adaptation was written by Henry Gilroy and published by Dark Horse Comics. Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the \"Star Wars\" prequel trilogy,", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "6142390", "text": "\"IX\", but were later confirmed to be writing standalone films. On June 20, 2014, \"Looper\" director Rian Johnson was announced as writer and director of \"Episode VIII\"; he confirmed in August that he would direct. On March 12, 2015, Lucasfilm announced that Johnson would direct \"Episode VIII\" with Ram Bergman as producer. In March 2015, Oscar Isaac confirmed he would reprise his role as Poe Dameron in \"Episode VIII\". In July, it was reported that Benicio del Toro was being considered for a villain; he later confirmed that he had been cast. In September, it was reported that Gugu Mbatha-Raw,", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "18293602", "text": "Star Wars: Episode IX Star Wars: Episode IX is an upcoming American space opera film produced, co-written, and directed by J. J. Abrams. It will be the third and final installment of the \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy and the ninth and final installment of the main \"Star Wars\" film franchise, following \"\" (2015) and \"\" (2017). The film is produced by Lucasfilm and Bad Robot Productions and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film was announced after Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012, with Colin Trevorrow announced as the film's director in August 2015. In September 2017,", "title": "Star Wars: Episode IX" }, { "id": "360365", "text": "on the prequel trilogy, Lucas insisted that \"Star Wars\" was meant to be a six-part series and that there would be no sequel trilogy. Lucas decided to leave the franchise in the hands of other filmmakers, announcing in January 2012 that he would step away from making blockbuster films. In October 2012, The Walt Disney Company agreed to buy Lucasfilm and announced that \"Episode VII\" would be released in 2015. The co-chairman of Lucasfilm, Kathleen Kennedy, became president of the company and served as executive producer of new \"Star Wars\" feature films. The sequel trilogy also meant the end of", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "612405", "text": "Return of the Jedi Return of the Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi is a 1983 American epic space opera film directed by Richard Marquand. The screenplay is by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas from a story by Lucas, who was also the executive producer. It is the third and final installment in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy, set one year after \"The Empire Strikes Back\". The film stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Billy Dee Williams, Anthony Daniels, David Prowse, Kenny Baker, Peter Mayhew and Frank Oz. The Galactic Empire, under", "title": "Return of the Jedi" }, { "id": "11305875", "text": "Awakens\" received eleven nominations at the MTV Movie Awards, the most for the ceremony, including Movie of the Year, Best Female Performance for Ridley, Best Breakthrough Performance for Boyega, and Best Virtual Performance for Lupita Nyong'o and Andy Serkis. In addition to several awards and nominations, \"The Force Awakens\" appeared on various critics' lists of the ten best films of 2015. Rian Johnson confirmed in August 2014 that he would direct \"Episode VIII\", later titled \"The Last Jedi\". It was released on December 15, 2017. Some second-unit filming took place in September 2015 in Ireland, with principal photography beginning in", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "id": "18293610", "text": "IX\" is scheduled to be released on December 20, 2019, in the United States. It was originally scheduled for May 24, 2019. Star Wars: Episode IX Star Wars: Episode IX is an upcoming American space opera film produced, co-written, and directed by J. J. Abrams. It will be the third and final installment of the \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy and the ninth and final installment of the main \"Star Wars\" film franchise, following \"\" (2015) and \"\" (2017). The film is produced by Lucasfilm and Bad Robot Productions and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film was announced", "title": "Star Wars: Episode IX" }, { "id": "6142396", "text": "that John Williams will return to compose and conduct the music for \"Episode IX\". The next month, Williams announced that it would be the last \"Star Wars\" film music he would compose. On July 6, 2018, it was reported that Keri Russell was in early talks for a role in \"Episode IX\". On July 9, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" reported that Billy Dee Williams was confirmed to reprise the role of Lando Calrissian. On July 27, the official casting announcement was made, including the return of Daisy Ridley, Adam Driver, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Lupita Nyong'o, Domhnall Gleeson, Kelly Marie Tran,", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "668201", "text": "– Revenge of the Sith\" charity premieres took place in Seattle, Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington D.C., Boston, Denver, Atlanta, San Francisco, and Miami on Thursday, May 12, 2005; and on May 13, 2005, there were two additional charity premiere screenings in George Lucas's hometown of Modesto.The official premiere was at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival (out of competition) on May 16. Its theatrical release in most other countries took place on May 19 to coincide with the 1999 release of \"\" (the 1977 release of \"A New Hope\" and the 1983 release of \"Return of the Jedi\" were also released", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "6322677", "text": "about fifty recurring musical themes to represent characters and other plot elements: one of the largest caches of themes in the history of film music. Released between 1977 and 2017, the music for the primary feature films was, in the case of the first two trilogies, performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and, in select passages, by the London Voices chorus. Williams also scored the seventh and eighth episodes in the franchise's sequel trilogy, and he is currently slated to score the ninth (and last) episode as well. The sequel trilogy was largely conducted by Williams and William Ross, and", "title": "Music of Star Wars" }, { "id": "360357", "text": "is wielded by two major knighthood orders at conflict with each other: the Jedi, who act on the light side of the Force through non-attachment and arbitration, and the Sith, who use the dark side through fear and aggression. The latter's members are intended to be limited to two: a master and their apprentice. The \"Star Wars\" film series centers around a \"trilogy of trilogies\" (also referred to as the \"Skywalker saga\" or the \"\"Star Wars\" saga\"). They were released out of sequence: the original (Episodes \"IV–VI\", 1977–83), prequel (Episodes \"I–III\", 1999–2005), and sequel (Episodes \"VII–IX\", 2015–19) trilogy. The first", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "4649903", "text": "Star Wars Trilogy The \"Star Wars\" Trilogy, often colloquially referred to as the original trilogy, is the first set of three films produced in the \"Star Wars\" franchise, an American space opera created by George Lucas. It was produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and distributed by 20th Century Fox, and consisted of the original \"Star Wars\" film (1977), \"The Empire Strikes Back\" (1980) and \"Return of the Jedi\" (1983). The original trilogy would be followed by a prequel trilogy between 1999 and 2005, and a sequel trilogy between 2015 and 2019. Collectively, they have been referred to as the \"Skywalker saga\"", "title": "Star Wars Trilogy" }, { "id": "612982", "text": "It grossed more than $924.3 million worldwide during its initial theatrical run, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1999, the second-highest-grossing film worldwide and in North America (behind \"Titanic),\" as well as the highest-grossing \"Star Wars\" film at the time. A 3D reissue, which has earned an additional $102.7 million at the box office and brought the film's overall worldwide takings to over $1 billion, was released in February 2012. The film was followed by two sequels, \"\" in 2002 and \"\" in 2005. The Trade Federation upsets order in the Galactic Republic by blockading the planet Naboo in preparation for", "title": "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace" }, { "id": "6142361", "text": "released in December 2017, with Rian Johnson as screenwriter and director, and most of the cast returning. The first two films have grossed a combined $3.4 billion worldwide and were both well-received by critics. The third and final installment, \"\", was to be directed by Colin Trevorrow, but he was replaced in September 2017 by Abrams, who is to co-write it with Chris Terrio. The film is scheduled to be released on December 20, 2019. According to Mark Hamill, who plays Luke Skywalker, in 1976, \"Star Wars\" creator George Lucas told him that he planned three \"Star Wars\" trilogies. Lucas", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "614606", "text": "at the BMCC Performing Arts Center, 199 Chambers St. in New York City at a Sunday, May 12 set of screenings benefitting the Children's Aid Society, a charity supported by George Lucas. \"Attack of the Clones\" was then screened out of competition at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival, before getting a worldwide theatrical release on May 16, 2002. The film was also later released in IMAX theaters; the film had not been filmed for IMAX but was \"up converted\" with the digital remastering process. Because of the technical limitations of the IMAX projector, an edited, 120-minute version of the film", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "614590", "text": "Australia in Sydney. Location shooting took place in the Tunisian desert, at the Plaza de España in Seville, London, China, Vancouver, San Diego, and Italy (Villa del Balbianello on Lake Como, and in the former royal Palace of Caserta). At his own personal request, Samuel L. Jackson's character Mace Windu received a lightsaber that emitted an amethyst glow, as opposed to traditional blue and green for \"good guys\" and red for \"bad guys\". Reshoots were performed in March 2001. During this time, a new action sequence was developed featuring the droid factory after Lucas had decided that the film lacked", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "360364", "text": "the tragedy of Anakin Skywalker's turn to the dark side. Prior to releasing the original film, and made possible by its success, Lucas planned \"three trilogies of nine films.\" He announced this to \"Time\" in 1978, and confirmed that he had outlined them in 1981. At various stages of development, the sequel trilogy was to focus on the rebuilding of the Republic, the return of Luke in a role similar to that of Obi-Wan in the original trilogy (and with a female love interest), Luke's sister (not yet determined to be Leia), Han, Leia, and . However, after beginning work", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "613061", "text": "Saché), Worst Screen Couple (Jake Lloyd and Natalie Portman), and Jar Jar Binks actor Ahmed Best won the Worst Supporting Actor category. A sequel, \"\", was released in 2002. A second sequel, \"\", was released in 2005. The story continues a decade later with Anakin Skywalker now grown to adulthood with the character now played by Hayden Christensen. Footnotes Citations Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace is a 1999 American epic space opera written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is", "title": "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace" }, { "id": "668208", "text": "ratings. When \"Revenge of the Sith\" was released in Canada, it was given a PG rating in most provinces, excluding Quebec, where it was rated G. In the United Kingdom it received a 12A rating by the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC). In Australia, the film was rated M for mature audiences by the Australian Classification Board (ACB). The film was released on DVD and VHS on October 31, 2005 in the UK and Ireland, on November 1, 2005 in the United States and Canada on DVD and on November 3, 2005 in Australia. It was also released in", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "668170", "text": "with additional locations in Thailand, Switzerland, China, Italy and the United Kingdom. \"Revenge of the Sith\" premiered on May 15, 2005, at the Cannes Film Festival, then released worldwide on May 19, 2005. The film received generally favorable reviews from critics, especially in contrast to the mixed reviews of the previous two prequels: praise was directed towards its action sequences, mature themes, musical score, visual effects, and the performances of McGregor, McDiarmid, Oz, and Jimmy Smits; criticism was aimed at the film's screenplay, inconsistent tone, and Christensen's performance. \"Revenge of the Sith\" broke several box office records during its opening", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "668171", "text": "week and went on to earn over $848 million worldwide, making it, at the time, the third-highest-grossing film in the \"Star Wars\" franchise, unadjusted for inflation. It was the highest-grossing film in the U.S. in 2005 and the second-highest grossing film worldwide. The film also holds the record for the highest opening day gross on a Thursday, making $50 million. Three years after the beginning of the Clone Wars, Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi and Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker lead a mission to rescue the kidnapped Supreme Chancellor Palpatine from the cyborg Separatist commander, General Grievous, during a space battle over", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "614616", "text": "Worst Supporting Actor (Hayden Christensen), Worst Supporting Actress (Natalie Portman), Worst Screen Couple (Hayden Christensen and Natalie Portman) and Worst Remake or Sequel. It took home two awards for Worst Screenplay (George Lucas) and Worst Supporting Actor (Hayden Christensen). The film grossed $310,676,740 in North America and $338,721,588 overseas for a worldwide total of $649,398,328. Though a huge financial success, it was nevertheless overshadowed by the even greater box-office success of \"\" three years earlier. It was not the top-grossing film of the year, either in North America (where it finished in third place) or worldwide (where it was fourth),", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "18293603", "text": "Trevorrow left the project due to creative differences; he was replaced by Abrams, who previously directed \"The Force Awakens\". Filming began in August 2018 at Pinewood Studios near London. \"Episode IX\" is set to be released on December 20, 2019 in the United States. Jimmy Vee and Greg Grunberg reprise their roles as R2-D2 and Snap Wexley, respectively, from previous films. Brian Herring returns to puppeteer . Dominic Monaghan and Matt Smith have been cast in unspecified roles. In October 2012, \"Star Wars\" creator George Lucas sold his production company Lucasfilm, and with it the \"Star Wars\" franchise, to The", "title": "Star Wars: Episode IX" }, { "id": "614611", "text": "re-released in chronological order beginning with \"The Phantom Menace\" which was released on . \"Attack of the Clones\" was originally scheduled to be re-released in 3D on , but was postponed due to Lucasfilm's desire to focus on \"\". However, the 3D presentation of the film was first shown at Celebration Europe II from July 26 to July 28, 2013. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 66% based on 245 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones\" benefits from an increased", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "6142393", "text": "her role as Leia. Much of the filming took place at Pinewood Studios near London. Kathleen Kennedy and Ram Bergman were the producers and J. J. Abrams executive produced. In June 2014, Johnson was announced as writing a story treatment for \"Episode IX\", but later stated he had not been involved with writing the film. In August 2015, Colin Trevorrow was announced as the director of \"Episode IX,\" and he, with Derek Connolly, began writing a script. In February 2016, Disney CEO Bob Iger confirmed that pre-production of \"Episode IX\" had begun. Following the death of Carrie Fisher in late", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "668222", "text": "estimated 59,324,600 tickets in the US. International grosses that exceeded $460 million include those Australia ($27.2 million), France and Algeria ($56.9 million), Germany ($47.3 million), Italy ($11.3 million), Japan ($82.7 million), Mexico ($15.3 million), South Korea ($10.3 million), Spain ($23.8 million), and the United Kingdom and Ireland ($72.8 million). Following the release of \"Revenge of the Sith\"—the completion of the original and prequel \"Star Wars\" series—on June 9, 2005, George Lucas was presented with the 33rd American Film Institute Lifetime Achievement Award. The institute honored his \"astonishing contributions to the art and technology of filmmaking, as well as the impact", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "11305823", "text": "North America for four straight weeks up to January 14, 2016. This made it the first film since Warner Bros. Pictures' \"The Hobbit\" trilogy to receive such a release. The film finally shed some of its IMAX screens with the release of \"The Revenant\" and \"The Finest Hours\" in mid-January 2016. On November 6, 2014, the film's title was announced as \"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\". Similarly to \"The Empire Strikes Back\" and \"Return of the Jedi\", \"Episode VII\" was included in the film's opening crawl, but not in its official title. In December 2015, Pablo Hidalgo, the creative executive", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "id": "4649912", "text": "aid in developing the saga. \"Star Wars\" exceeded all expectations. The success of the film and its merchandise sales led Lucas to make \"Star Wars\" the basis of an elaborate film serial, and use the profits to finance his filmmaking center, Skywalker Ranch. After the release of the first sequel, the original film was subtitled \"Episode IV: A New Hope\" for a rerelease in 1981. Three years after the destruction of the Death Star, the Empire forces the Rebel Alliance to evacuate its secret base on Hoth. Instructed by Obi-Wan's spirit, Luke travels to the swamp world of Dagobah to", "title": "Star Wars Trilogy" }, { "id": "630925", "text": "in a riveting tale of suspense and adventure, ornamented with some of the most ingenious special effects ever contrived for film.\" Each of the subsequent films of the \"Star Wars\" saga has appeared on the magazine's cover. \"Star Wars\" was voted the second most popular film by Americans in a 2008 nationwide poll conducted by the market research firm, Harris Interactive. \"Star Wars\" has also been featured in several high-profile audience polls: in 1997, it ranked as the 10th Greatest American Film on the \"Los Angeles Daily News\" Readers' Poll; in 2002, the film and its sequel \"The Empire Strikes", "title": "Star Wars (film)" }, { "id": "19860291", "text": "total of (US$187.8 million). This was followed by the biggest Tuesday with (US$42 milliin), also ahead of \"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\" (US$37 million) and the fifth biggest Wednesday with (US$41.4 million). By Thursday, the film had earned past , the fastest film to do so in the least amount of time. In just ten days, the film grossed (US$406 million) to become the biggest release of 2017 there, surpassing \"The Fate of the Furious\" () and the second highest-grossing film ever, behind only \"The Mermaid\" (). The film's demand was so strong that it made more in its second", "title": "Wolf Warrior 2" }, { "id": "17306091", "text": "two episodes, titled \"Spark of Rebellion\", premiered on October 3, 2014, on Disney Channels worldwide and on Family Channel in Canada. In Australia, the series premiered on October 17 on Disney XD. \"The Siege of Lothal\" premiered on June 28, 2015, and the second season debuted on October 18. In Canada, the series premiered on October 19 on the DHX-owned Disney XD. However, due to DHX Media losing the rights to Disney content, the show was later moved to Disney Channel. The second season premiered on November 7 and it was moved to the Corus-owned Disney XD channel on December", "title": "Star Wars Rebels" }, { "id": "360361", "text": "trilogy of trilogies, Most of the main cast would return for the two additional installments of the original trilogy, which were self-financed by Lucasfilm. The original film was retitled \"Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope\" for a 1981 rerelease. \"Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back\" was released in May 1980, also achieving wide financial and critical success. The final film in the trilogy, \"\" was released in May 1983. The story of the original trilogy focuses on Luke Skywalker's quest to become a Jedi, his struggle with the evil Imperial agent Darth Vader, and the struggle of the", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "614599", "text": "Lee's face was superimposed onto the double's body in all shots other than close-ups, which he performed himself. Lucas often called the duel crucial to the animation department, as it had such potential to be humorous rather than dramatic. The soundtrack to the film was released on April 23, 2002 by Sony Classical Records. The music was composed and conducted by John Williams, and performed by the London Voices and London Symphony Orchestra. The soundtrack recreates \"The Imperial March\" from the film \"The Empire Strikes Back\" for its first chronological appearance in \"Attack of the Clones\", even though a hint", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "360358", "text": "two trilogies were released on three year intervals, the sequel trilogy films two years apart. Each trilogy centers on a generation of the Force-sensitive Skywalker family. The prequels focus on Anakin Skywalker, the original trilogy on his son Luke, and the sequels on Luke's nephew Kylo Ren. A theatrical animated film, \"\" (2008), was released as a pilot to a . They were among the last projects overseen by George Lucas before the franchise was sold to Disney in 2012. An anthology series set between the main episodes entered development in parallel to the production of the sequel trilogy, described", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "614615", "text": "reason for his dissatisfaction and added \"Wooden characterizations and dialogue don't help.\" Following suit with the series' previous installments, the Academy Awards nominated \"Attack of the Clones\"' Rob Coleman, Pablo Helman, John Knoll, and Ben Snow for Best Visual Effects at the 2003 Academy Awards, but the award ultimately went to \"\". Natalie Portman was also honored at the Teen Choice Awards, and the film received an award for Best Fight at the MTV Movie Awards. In contrast, the film also received seven nominations from the Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Picture, Worst Director (George Lucas), Worst Screenplay (George Lucas),", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "360366", "text": "the existing \"Star Wars\" expanded universe, which was discarded to give \"maximum creative freedom to the filmmakers and also preserve an element of surprise and discovery for the audience.\" The sequel trilogy focuses on the journey of the orphaned scavenger Rey following in the footsteps of the Jedi with the guidance of the reluctant last Jedi, Luke Skywalker. Along with ex-stormtrooper Finn, she helps the Resistance led by Leia fight the First Order commanded by Supreme Leader Snoke and his pupil Kylo Ren (Han Solo and Leia's son). \"\" was released on December 18, 2015, \"\" on December 15, 2017,", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "2098099", "text": "Daniels, and Kenny Baker, were all cast in their original roles for the film. \"Star Wars Episode VII\", subtitled \"The Force Awakens\", was released worldwide on December 18, 2015. Fisher was nominated for a 2016 Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal. In \"Rogue One\" (2016), which predates the original trilogy, young versions of Leia and the character Grand Moff Tarkin appear through computer animation. Fisher had completed filming her role as Leia in \"\" (2017) shortly before her death. Director Rian Johnson has stated that many of Fisher's own ideas made it into the film, and that", "title": "Carrie Fisher" }, { "id": "15681049", "text": "John Boyega John Adedayo B. Adegboyega (born 17 March 1992), known professionally as John Boyega, is an English actor known for playing Finn in the 2015 film \"\" and its 2017 sequel \"\", respectively the seventh and eighth films of the \"Star Wars\" series. Boyega rose to prominence in his native United Kingdom for his role as Moses in the 2011 sci-fi comedy film \"Attack the Block\". Boyega's other credits include historical drama film \"Detroit\" (2017), the science fiction film \"Pacific Rim Uprising\" (2018), four episodes of the television series \"\" and the drama \"Imperial Dreams\" (2014). Boyega received the", "title": "John Boyega" }, { "id": "5289228", "text": "was considered until at least 1995, but as time went on, Lucas continued writing the screenplays himself. The popularity of the franchise had been prolonged by the \"Star Wars\" Expanded Universe, so that it still had a large audience. A theatrical rerelease of the original trilogy in 1997 \"updated\" the 20-year-old films with the style of CGI envisioned for the new episodes. \"\" was released on May 19, 1999, and \"\" on May 16, 2002, both to mixed reviews. \"\", the first film in the franchise, was released on May 19, 2005. The plot of the trilogy focuses on the", "title": "Star Wars prequel trilogy" }, { "id": "11305775", "text": "Bryan Burk, and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy. Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan, co-writer of the original trilogy films \"The Empire Strikes Back\" (1980) and \"Return of the Jedi\" (1983), rewrote an initial script by Michael Arndt. John Williams, the composer for the previous six films, returned to compose the film's score. Lucas served as creative consultant during the film's early production. Filming began in April 2014 in Abu Dhabi and Iceland, with principal photography also taking place in Ireland and Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom, and concluded in November 2014. It is the first live-action \"Star Wars\" film since \"\"", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "id": "668218", "text": "the war in Iraq. Lucas did say, however, that \"The parallels between Vietnam and what we're doing in Iraq now are unbelievable\". The film was released in 115 countries. Its worldwide gross eventually reached $849 million—making it the second most financially successful film of 2005, behind \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\". The film earned an estimated $16.91 million from 2,900 midnight screenings in North America upon its release. In total, it earned a record $50 million on its opening day. It was surpassed the following year by \"\", which earned $55.5 million on its opening day. With only", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "6142370", "text": "would be something that was made up. I really don't have any notion other than, 'Gee, it would be interesting to do Luke Skywalker later on.' It wouldn't be part of the main story, but a sequel to this thing.\" However Lucas was not made with the \"Star Wars\" franchise, his attention however was not on the sequel trilogy, as it had shifted towards the story before the original trilogy. Between 1999 and 2005, Lucas would return to the universe he had created, by writing and directing, what would become the prequel trilogy of Episodes \"I\", \"II\", and \"III\". and", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "612452", "text": "Arnold, Alan. \"Once Upon a Galaxy: A Journal of Making the Empire Strikes Back\". Sphere Books, London. 1980. . Return of the Jedi Return of the Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi is a 1983 American epic space opera film directed by Richard Marquand. The screenplay is by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas from a story by Lucas, who was also the executive producer. It is the third and final installment in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy, set one year after \"The Empire Strikes Back\". The film stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie", "title": "Return of the Jedi" }, { "id": "2189417", "text": "Series. His directorial film work includes \"\" (2006), \"Star Trek\" (2009), \"Super 8\" (2011), and \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" (2013). He also directed, produced and co-wrote \"\" (2015), the first film in the \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy and his highest-grossing film, as well as the third highest-grossing film of all time. He returned to \"Star Wars\" by co-writing, producing and directing \"\" (2019). Abrams's frequent collaborators include producer Bryan Burk, actors Greg Grunberg, Simon Pegg and Keri Russell, composer Michael Giacchino, writers Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci, cinematographers Daniel Mindel and Larry Fong, and editors Maryann Brandon and Mary Jo", "title": "J. J. Abrams" }, { "id": "668189", "text": "first scene filmed was the final scene to appear in the film (shot during the filming of \"Attack of the Clones\" in 2000), principal photography on the film occurred from June 30, 2003 to September 17, 2003, with additional photography occurring at Shepperton Studios and Elstree Studios in London from August 2004 to January 31, 2005. The initial filming took place on soundstages at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney, although practical environments were shot as background footage later to be composited into the film. These included the limestone mountains depicting Kashyyyk, which were filmed in Phuket, Thailand (they were later", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "11092710", "text": "was released on the Xbox on July 15, 2003 in North America and on September 12, 2003 in Europe. The PC version was released on November 19, 2003 in North America and on December 5, 2003 in Europe. The iOS version was released on May 30, 2013, and an Android release followed on December 28, 2014. (KotOR II) is the second installment in the video game franchise. The game was released on the Xbox in North America on December 6, 2004, in Europe on February 11, 2005, and in Australia on February 15, 2005. The PC version was released in", "title": "Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic (series)" }, { "id": "668213", "text": "Celebration Anaheim. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 79% based on 290 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"With \"Episode III: Revenge of the Sith\", George Lucas brings his second \"Star Wars\" trilogy to a suitably thrilling and often poignant – if still a bit uneven – conclusion.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 68 out of 100, based on 40 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average \"A–\" grade on an A+ to F scale. Most critics have", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "612991", "text": "be told in sequels on the chance that it became successful, so \"Star Wars\" evolved from the first film in the series to the first episode of the saga's second trilogy. Lucas eventually negotiated a contract that allowed him to make two sequels, and over time had created an elaborate backstory to aid his writing process. While writing \"The Empire Strikes Back\", Lucas considered directions in which to take the story. In the original trilogy, Darth Vader was revealed to have been Anakin Skywalker, a once-powerful Jedi Knight, and a traitor to the Jedi Order. With this backstory in place,", "title": "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace" }, { "id": "6142387", "text": "sci-fi action violence\" and an M Rating In Australia, the second \"Star Wars\" film to receive that classification after \"\". The film broke opening weekend box office records in North America with $248 million ($39 million more than previous record holder \"Jurassic World\") and totals of $529 million worldwide, the largest opening ever. The film set another new record by becoming the first movie to break the $1 billion mark in box office sales in just 12 days. It is currently the highest-grossing film of all time in North America and the third highest-grossing film worldwide, unadjusted for inflation. After", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "6142386", "text": "Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan, co-writer of \"The Empire Strikes Back\" and \"Return of the Jedi\". George Lucas was set to provide Abrams with advice as a creative consultant; however, Lucas had no involvement, with his representative stating that he \"ideally would love not to see any footage until he walks into the theater next December. He has never been able to be surprised by a \"Star Wars\" film before and he said he was looking forward to it.\" Production began in April 2014; it was released on December 18, 2015. In the US, the film received a PG-13 rating \"for", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "360368", "text": "in 2005, Lucas continued developing spin-offs in the form of television series and theatrical films. Preceding the airing of in late 2008, the theatrical feature \"\" was compiled from episodes \"almost [as] an afterthought.\" It reveals that Anakin trained an apprentice between \"Attack of the Clones\" and \"Revenge of the Sith\"; the series explains Padawan Ahsoka Tano's absence from the latter film. The character was originally criticized by fans, but by the end of the series the character had become a fan favorite. It exists in the same level of canon as the episodic and anthology films. Before selling Lucasfilm", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "614610", "text": "trilogy box set on November 4, 2008. The \"Star Wars\" films were released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on Blu-ray Disc on September 16, 2011 in three different editions. On April 7, 2015, Walt Disney Studios, 20th Century Fox, and Lucasfilm jointly announced the digital releases of the six released \"Star Wars\" films. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released \"Attack of the Clones\" through the iTunes Store, Amazon Video, Vudu, Google Play, and Disney Movies Anywhere on April 10, 2015. On , it was announced that all six films in the series were to be stereo-converted to 3D, and", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "614579", "text": "Senator Padmé Amidala evades an assassination attempt, Jedi apprentice Anakin Skywalker becomes her protector, while his mentor Obi-Wan Kenobi investigates the attempt on her life. Soon, the trio witness the onset of a new threat to the galaxy, the Clone Wars. Development of \"Attack of the Clones\" began in March 2000, some months after the release of \"The Phantom Menace\". By June 2000, Lucas and Hales completed a draft of the script and principal photography took place from June to September 2000. The film crew primarily shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney, Australia, with additional footage filmed in Tunisia,", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "360363", "text": "In 1989, Lucas stated that the prequel trilogy would be \"unbelievably expensive.\" The popularity of the franchise had been prolonged by the \"Star Wars\" expanded universe, so that it still had a large audience. A theatrical rerelease \"updated\" the original trilogy with the style of CGI envisioned for the new films. \"\" was released on May 19, 1999, and \"\" on May 16, 2002, both to mixed reviews. \"\", the first film in the franchise, was released on May 19, 2005. The plot of the trilogy focuses on the fall of the Galactic Republic, the formation of the Empire, and", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "18383898", "text": "of the Titans into 3D in just 8 weeks. The film was a roaring success at the box office and led to a wave of marquee films being converted in to 3D for re-release, including Star Wars: Episode I, II & III, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 & 2, Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Wrath of the Titans, and Shrek 2. In October 2011, Malhotra relinquished his role as Managing Director of Prime Focus Limited to Ramki Sankaranarayanan. In 2012, he secured Standard Chartered Private Equity to invest in Prime Focus and diluted his stake", "title": "Namit Malhotra" }, { "id": "668224", "text": "Action. It also was nominated for Best Score Soundtrack Album at the 48th Grammy Awards in 2006. As did every film of the original trilogy, the film won the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film. Williams also won Best Music. The film was nominated for ten Saturn Awards overall, including Best Director and Best Writing for Lucas, Best Actor for Christensen, Best Actress for Natalie Portman and Best Supporting Actor for Ian McDiarmid. The film did, however, receive the fewest Golden Raspberry Awards nominations: only one, for Christensen as Worst Supporting Actor, which he won. (\"The Phantom Menace\" and", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "18293609", "text": "BB-8. Principal photography began on August 1, 2018, at Pinewood Studios in London, England. Oscar Isaac stated that Abrams is allowing more improvised acting than in the previous two films. Filming was also done in Wadi Rum in Jordan. Filming is expected to be completed by February 2019. On January 10, 2018, it was reported that John Williams, who composed the music for the eight previous saga films, will return to compose and conduct \"Episode IX\". The next month, Williams announced that \"Episode IX\" will be the last \"Star Wars\" film for which he will compose music. \"Star Wars: Episode", "title": "Star Wars: Episode IX" }, { "id": "668212", "text": "The films would be re-released in chronological order beginning with \"The Phantom Menace\" on February 10, 2012. \"Revenge of the Sith\" was originally scheduled to be re-released in 3D on October 11, 2013 (later pushed up to October 4, 2013). However, on January 28, 2013, Lucasfilm announced that it was postponing the 3D release of episodes \"II\" and \"III\" in order to \"focus 100 percent of our efforts on \"\"\" and that further information about 3D release plans would be issued at a later date. The premiere of the 3D version was shown on April 17, 2015, at Star Wars", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "18293491", "text": "final cut. Hugh Skinner cameos as a Resistance Officer. In October 2012, \"Star Wars\" creator George Lucas sold his production company Lucasfilm, and with it the \"Star Wars\" franchise, to The Walt Disney Company. Disney announced a new trilogy of \"Star Wars\" films. J. J. Abrams was named director of the first episode in the trilogy, \"The Force Awakens\", in January 2013. In June 2014, director Rian Johnson was reported to be in talks to write and direct its sequel, \"Episode VIII\", and to write a treatment for the third film, \"Episode IX\", with Ram Bergman producing both films. Johnson", "title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi" }, { "id": "630873", "text": "inspired by the silver female robot Maria, the \"Maschinenmensch\" from Fritz Lang's 1927 film \"Metropolis\". The film was originally released in 1977 with the title \"\"Star Wars\"\". The subtitles \"Episode IV\" and \"A New Hope\" were only added to the opening crawl in subsequent re-releases. Official sources state that the change was made at the theatrical re-release of April 10, 1981. The retroactive addition of these subtitles was intended to bring the film into line with the introduction to its sequel, \"The Empire Strikes Back\", which was released in 1980 bearing the designation \"\"Episode V\"\". Lucas has claimed to have", "title": "Star Wars (film)" }, { "id": "614605", "text": "the Clones\". After a teaser trailer premiered with the film \"Monsters, Inc.\", a new trailer for the film aired on the Fox Network on March 10, 2002 between \"Malcolm in the Middle\" and \"The X-Files\", and was made available on the official \"Star Wars\" web site the same day. The outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas from Chicago predicted before the film's release that U.S. companies could lose more than $319 million in productivity due to employees calling in sick and then heading to theaters to see the film. The film premiered as part of the inaugural Tribeca Film Festival", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "614600", "text": "of it appeared in the previous movie in one of the final scenes. A music video for the main theme \"Across the Stars\" was produced specifically for the DVD. On March 15, 2016, a limited edition vinyl version of the soundtrack was released. Only 1,000 copies were pressed initially. Lucas has noted that Palpatine's rise to power is very similar to that of Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany; as Chancellor of Germany, the latter was granted \"emergency powers\", as is Palpatine. Comparisons have been made to Octavian – who became Augustus, the first emperor of Rome – and to Napoleon", "title": "Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones" }, { "id": "6142397", "text": "Joonas Suotamo, Billie Lourd, Mark Hamill, and Anthony Daniels, with Naomi Ackie and Richard E. Grant joining the cast. The same announcement confirmed Williams' return and that Carrie Fisher would posthumously portray General Leia Organa using unreleased footage from both \"The Force Awakens\" and \"The Last Jedi\". It was announced later the same day that Russell had joined the cast. It was reported that the character Yoda would also return. Principal photography began on August 1, 2018 for a December 20, 2019 release. Lucas found himself agreeing with the critics who perceived \"The Force Awakens\" as too derivative of the", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "14086893", "text": "was formally announced at the Spike Video Game Awards. The game was released for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Nintendo Wii consoles, as well as the Nintendo DS and iOS portable devices. A version was initially developed for the PlayStation Portable, but was cancelled for undisclosed reasons. \"The Force Unleashed II\" was released in North America on October 26, 2010, and in Europe on October 29, 2010. Haden Blackman served as a writer for the sequel. In crafting the dialogue of \"The Force Unleashed II\", Blackman sought influence from \"Darksiders\" (2010), as well as other video games such as", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II" }, { "id": "1283815", "text": "Kenny Baker (English actor) Kenneth George Baker (24 August 1934 – 13 August 2016) was an English actor and musician. He is best remembered for portraying the character R2-D2 in the \"Star Wars\" science fiction movie franchise. Baker was born and educated in Birmingham, Warwickshire, and at a boarding school in Kent. He was the son of Ethel (1906–1990), a pianist and dress maker, and Harold Baker (1908–1985), an artist, musician and draftsman. He went to live with his father, stepmother and half-sister in Hastings, Sussex. Although his parents were of average height, Baker stood as an adult. In 1951", "title": "Kenny Baker (English actor)" }, { "id": "612981", "text": "effort after a 22-year hiatus following \"Star Wars\" in 1977. \"The Phantom Menace\" was released in theaters on May 19, 1999, almost 16 years after the premiere of the previous \"Star Wars\" film, \"Return of the Jedi\". The film's premiere was extensively covered by media and was greatly anticipated because of the large cultural following the \"Star Wars\" saga had cultivated. It received mixed reviews; critics praised the visuals, action sequences, John Williams' musical score and some of the performances, but criticized the screenplay, characterization, and Ahmed Best and Jake Lloyd's performances (as Jar Jar Binks and Anakin Skywalker respectively).", "title": "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace" }, { "id": "651569", "text": "The Empire Strikes Back The Empire Strikes Back (also known as Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back) is a 1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner. Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan wrote the screenplay, with George Lucas writing the film's story and serving as executive producer. The second installment in the original \"Star Wars\" trilogy, it was produced by Gary Kurtz for Lucasfilm and stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Billy Dee Williams, Anthony Daniels, David Prowse, Kenny Baker, Peter Mayhew, and Frank Oz. The film is set three years after \"Star Wars\".", "title": "The Empire Strikes Back" }, { "id": "4649915", "text": "the Emperor. With this new backstory in place, Lucas decided that the series would be a trilogy of trilogies, designating the first sequel \"Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back\" in the next draft. Lawrence Kasdan, who had just completed writing \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\", was hired to write the next drafts, and given additional input from director Irvin Kershner. Kasdan, Kershner, and producer Gary Kurtz saw the film as a more serious and adult story, and developed the sequel from the light adventure roots of the first film. Set less than one year after Vader's revelation, Luke joins Leia", "title": "Star Wars Trilogy" }, { "id": "12351873", "text": "apes and the humans, started. The \"Star Wars\" film series was created by George Lucas, produced by his self-funded production company Lucasfilm. It originated with the film \"\" (1977), followed by two sequels under the subtitles \"\" (1980) and \"\" (1983); together, those three films are known as the original trilogy and focuses on Luke Skywalker, Han Solo and Princess Leia. The prequel trilogy composed of \"\" (1999), \"\" (2002), and \"\" (2005) expanded the series into a Saga, and focused on Luke Skywalker's father Anakin Skywalker, new cast members portrayed younger versions of characters from the Original trilogy, while", "title": "Shared universe" }, { "id": "360360", "text": "directing \"American Graffiti\" (1973), he wrote a two-page synopsis titled \"Journal of the Whills\", which 20th Century Fox decided to invest in. By 1974, he had expanded the story into the first draft of a screenplay, and continued writing more polished drafts. Lucas negotiated to retain the sequel rights, and was offered an initial $150,000 to write, produce, and direct the film. \"Star Wars\" was released on May 25, 1977. Its success led Lucas to make it the basis of an elaborate film serial. With the backstory he created for the sequel, Lucas decided that the series would be a", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "360372", "text": "plot-related skits and musical numbers. Lucas loathed the special and forbade it to be reaired or released on home video. An 11-minute animated sequence features the first appearance of bounty hunter Boba Fett. The Ewoks from \"Return of the Jedi\" were featured in two spin-off television films, \"\" and \"\". Both aired on ABC on the Thanksgiving weekends of 1984 and 1985, respectively. Warwick Davis reprised his debut role as the main Ewok, Wicket, in a story by Lucas and a screenplay by Bob Carrau. Wicket helps two children rescue their parents from a giant creature. In the sequel, the", "title": "Star Wars" }, { "id": "11305776", "text": "(2005). \"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\" was widely anticipated, and Disney backed the film with extensive marketing campaigns. It premiered in Los Angeles on December 14, 2015, before its wide release in the United States on December 18. The film received positive reviews, with praise for its acting, screenplay, direction, musical score, visual effects, and action sequences, although it received some criticism for being derivative of the original trilogy. The film and became, unadjusted for inflation, the highest-grossing installment in the franchise, the highest-grossing film in North America, the highest-grossing film of 2015, and the third-highest-grossing film of all time,", "title": "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" }, { "id": "6142376", "text": "months later, Lucas discreetly began working on guidelines for a sequel trilogy involving \"a microbiotic world\" and creatures known as the Whills, Force-beings that \"control the universe\". He considered directing \"Episode VII\" for a May 2015 release, but decided to leave the franchise in the hands of other filmmakers, announcing in January 2012 that he would step away from making blockbuster films. In addition to his concept of a microscopic Force-world, Lucas also wanted the main cast of the new films to be teenagers, but not all of his ideas would be used. Lucas stated, \"If I'd held onto the", "title": "Star Wars sequel trilogy" }, { "id": "10073871", "text": "at the San Diego Comic-Con. In July 2014, Marvel announced three new series at SDCC: \"Star Wars\", \"\", and the limited series \"\". The initial series, \"Star Wars\", was released in January 2015, with \"Darth Vader\" debuting in February, and \"Princess Leia\" in March. Several other limited series followed, including \"\" (April 2015–March 2016), \"\" (July–October 2015), \"\" (September–October 2015), \"\" (October–December 2015), and \"\" (January–May 2016), as well as the one-shots \"\" (November 2015) and \"\" (April 2016). The ongoing series \"\" was announced in January 2016. Featuring X-wing fighter pilot Poe Dameron introduced in \"The Force Awakens\", the", "title": "Star Wars comics" }, { "id": "12784020", "text": "Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode II \"Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode II\" is a 2008 episode of the television comedy series \"Robot Chicken\", and the sequel to the Annie Award winning \"\", which aired as a one-off special during Cartoon Network's Adult Swim block on November 16, 2008. Like \"\" it has been released on its own DVD, on July 21, 2009, and will not be part of a season box set. The DVD contains the original broadcast version, and the \"Extended Version\", which features an additional 15 minutes of footage cut from the broadcast version. It was nominated for", "title": "Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode II" }, { "id": "2676070", "text": "dramedy \"Darling Companion\", starring Diane Keaton and Kevin Kline. In October 2013, it was announced that J. J. Abrams had taken over screenwriting duties for \"Star Wars Episode VII\" (\"\"), working alongside Kasdan, following the departure of Michael Arndt. After his involvement with \"\", he left the \"Star Wars\" universe, and has no involvement in \"\" or \"Episode IX\". On May 22, 2016, Kasdan was honored by the Atlanta Jewish Film Festival and ArtsATL.org as the inaugural recipient of their \"ICON Award for Contributions to the Cinematic Arts\" in a ceremony held at the Woodruff Arts Center. Lawrence Kasdan Lawrence", "title": "Lawrence Kasdan" } ]

[ "1978" ]

[ { "id": "9181614", "text": "September (Earth, Wind & Fire song) \"September\" is a song by the American funk band Earth, Wind & Fire. It was recorded during the sessions for their album \"I Am\" (1979) and released as a single in 1978. It was included on \"The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1\" (1978). \"September\" reached number one on the US R&B chart, number eight on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and number three on the UK Singles Chart. \"September\" is in the key of A major with a tempo of 126 beats per minute in common time. The vocals span from", "title": "September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)" }, { "id": "9181618", "text": "Singles Chart. The song was remixed by English dance music duo Phats and Small. The information regarding accolades attributed to \"September\" is adapted from AcclaimedMusic.net. (*) designates lists that are unordered. September (Earth, Wind & Fire song) \"September\" is a song by the American funk band Earth, Wind & Fire. It was recorded during the sessions for their album \"I Am\" (1979) and released as a single in 1978. It was included on \"The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1\" (1978). \"September\" reached number one on the US R&B chart, number eight on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100,", "title": "September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)" }, { "id": "9181616", "text": "songwriters simply chose the 21st due to how it sounded when sung. The song was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry and certified gold in the US (until the RIAA lowered the sales levels for certified singles in 1989, a Gold single equaled 1 million units sold.) \"September\" was later certified Gold for digital sales by the RIAA, and has sold over 2 million digital copies in the US as of September 2017. Earth, Wind & Fire recorded a new version of the song, retitled \"December\", for their 2014 Christmas album \"Holiday\". In the United Kingdom the song has", "title": "September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)" }, { "id": "1427772", "text": "Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1\". It rose to Nos. 3 & 6 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums and \"Billboard\" 200 charts respectively. The album was certified Quintuple Platinum in the U.S. by the RIAA. Off the LP came a cut entitled \"September\". It rose to Nos. 1 & 8 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 respectively. It also got to No. 3 on the UK Singles chart. In January 1979 the band performed \"September\" and \"That's the Way of the World\" at the Music for UNICEF Concert. The concert was broadcast worldwide from the United", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "7908074", "text": "100 charts, respectively. It also reached Nos. 12 on \"Billboard\"'s Disco chart and No. 17 on the UK Singles chart. Credits are adapted from Allmusic and the album’s Liner Notes Spirit (Earth, Wind & Fire album) Spirit is the seventh studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, released in September 1976 by Columbia Records. The album rose to No. 2 on both the Billboard 200 and Top Soul Albums charts. Spirit has also been certified double Platinum in the US by the RIAA. As Charles Stepney died in the midst of its recording sessions, Maurice White went on to mostly", "title": "Spirit (Earth, Wind & Fire album)" }, { "id": "7424941", "text": "Allee Willis Allee Willis (born November 10, 1947) is an American songwriter, artist, set designer, multimedia artist, writer, collector, and director. Willis has won two Grammy Awards from three nominations. During 2018 she was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. As a songwriter, Allee Willis is famous for her collaboration with Earth, Wind & Fire. She co-wrote hit songs for them such as \"September,\" \"Boogie Wonderland,\" and \"In the Stone.\" Willis also composed hit singles for several other artistes in the like of \"Neutron Dance\" by the Pointer Sisters, \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\" by Pet", "title": "Allee Willis" }, { "id": "9181617", "text": "been popular as the basis of football chants at a number of clubs: according to a \"Guardian\" article this originated at Newcastle United F.C. where fans started singing a chant about player Chancel Mbemba in the autumn of 2015. It was also adapted by fans of the England national football team at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia: \"\"Woah, England are in Russia / Woah, drinking all the vodka / Woah, England’s going all the way\"\". A remix of the song was released by Sony Music in 1999 under the title \"September '99\", reaching No. 25 on the UK", "title": "September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)" }, { "id": "1427803", "text": "Me The Way\", on which they paired with neo soul artist Raphael Saadiq on Sanctuary Records in the fall of 2005. The single garnered a Grammy nomination and was featured on \"Illumination,\" their 19th studio album, which was released on September 20, 2005. For this album EWF collaborated with artists such as will.i.am, Kelly Rowland, Outkast's Big Boi, and Brian McKnight. \"Illumination\" reached number eight on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Album Chart and number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Another single spawned from the album, dubbed \"Pure Gold\", reached number 23 on the Adult Contemporary Charts. The album garnered the", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "12566269", "text": "than any white counterpart since Glenn Miller.\" Love Music was sampled by Ghostface Killah on his track Good featured on his 2006 album More Fish. \"September\" has been sampled by Crystal Waters on her track \"Say...If You Feel Alright\" from her 1996 album \"Crystal Waters\". Credits are adapted from Allmusic and the album’s Liner Notes The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1 The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1 is an album by the band Earth, Wind & Fire issued in 1978 by Columbia Records. The album rose to Nos. 3 & 6 on the Billboard", "title": "The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1" }, { "id": "1427811", "text": "Wind & Fire, along with former Pussycat Doll Melody Thornton and Charlie Wilson, guested on the LL Cool J track \"Something About You\". The song went on to appear on his 2013 album \"Authentic\". \"Now, Then & Forever\", the group's first album in eight years, was released on September 10, 2013. On January 13, 2014, former percussionist Beloyd Taylor, who co-wrote the band's 1976 hit \"Getaway\", died. Just a few months later, on May 2, former vocalist Jessica Cleaves died at the age of 65 following complications from a stroke. On September 13, 2014, Earth, Wind & Fire performed at", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427795", "text": "collaborate with Wyclef Jean on his second studio album, \"\", which was issued in August 2000. The album got to Nos. 3 & 9 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and \"Billboard\" 200 charts respectively. The album was certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA. In 2001, a biographical documentary of the band entitled \"\" was released, directed by Kathryn Arnold. Following the September 11 attacks of that year, the band members donated $25,000 to the American Red Cross at a September 13 show at Virginia's Verizon Wireless Virginia Beach Amphitheater, the band's first concert since those events took", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "7908072", "text": "Spirit (Earth, Wind & Fire album) Spirit is the seventh studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, released in September 1976 by Columbia Records. The album rose to No. 2 on both the Billboard 200 and Top Soul Albums charts. Spirit has also been certified double Platinum in the US by the RIAA. As Charles Stepney died in the midst of its recording sessions, Maurice White went on to mostly arrange and produce the album. The LP was thus entitled Spirit in dedication to Stepney. Billboard magazine in its review found that the album's \"arrangements, songs, sweet floating vocal harmonies", "title": "Spirit (Earth, Wind & Fire album)" }, { "id": "17550160", "text": "R&B Songs charts. Another single being My Promise reached Nos. 28 & 30 on the Billboard Adult R&B Songs and Adult Contemporary Songs charts respectively. In the album's liner notes, a note from Maurice White is included: Adapted from AllMusic and album liner. Now, Then & Forever Now, Then & Forever is the 20th studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, released on September 10, 2013, by Legacy Recordings, a division of Sony Music. The album rose to Nos. 11 & 6 on the Billboard 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Album charts. This is the only Earth, Wind & Fire album", "title": "Now, Then & Forever" }, { "id": "1427759", "text": "& Fire performed at the California Jam, a West Coast rock festival that attracted an audience of 200,000. The concert was televised in the US on May 10, 1974 by ABC. In September 1974 a compilation album entitled \"Another Time\" with songs from EWF's first two studio albums was released by Warner Bros. The album got to No. 29 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums chart. The band collaborated with Ramsey Lewis on his album \"Sun Goddess\" which was issued in late 1974 by Columbia. The album got to Nos. 1 & 12 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums and", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "4695928", "text": "All 'n All All 'N All is the eighth studio album by the American band Earth, Wind & Fire, released in November 1977 by Columbia Records. The album rose to No. 1 & 3 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums and Billboard 200 charts respectively. All 'N All has also been certified Triple Platinum in the US by the RIAA, Gold in Canada by Music Canada and Silver in the UK by the BPI. All 'N All spent nine weeks atop the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart. The album was also produced by Maurice White for Kalimba Productions. A month", "title": "All 'n All" }, { "id": "6159837", "text": "New Zealand Singles Chart. On the ARIA end of the year charts it peaked in the top 50. Their next single was a cover version of Earth, Wind & Fire's \"September\" (August 1996), which reached the ARIA Singles Top 50. Their album track \"Sexuality\", co-written by producers Dale and Deltito with M Stevens, was used on the soundtrack for the TV soap, \"\" (1996). A non-album single, \"Ready Willing & Able\", was issued in August 1997, which reached the top 40 in New Zealand. The group left Mushroom Records in late 1997. According to Frank, \"we had come to a", "title": "Ilanda" }, { "id": "9181615", "text": "E to F. Using a chord progression written by Earth, Wind & Fire guitarist Al McKay, Allee Willis and Maurice White wrote the song over one month. Willis was originally bothered by the gibberish \"ba-dee-ya\" lyric White used through the song, and begged him to rewrite it: \"I just said, 'What the fuck does 'ba-dee-ya' mean?' And he essentially said, 'Who the fuck cares?' I learned my greatest lesson ever in songwriting from him, which was never let the lyric get in the way of the groove.\" Although several theories about the significance of the date have been suggested, the", "title": "September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)" }, { "id": "1427773", "text": "Nations General Assembly by NBC. Other artists who performed at the event were ABBA, the Bee Gees, Olivia Newton-John, Donna Summer and Rod Stewart. The concert was Emmy-nominated in the category of Outstanding Individual Achievement - Special Class. In June 1979 EWF issued their ninth studio album, \"I Am.\" The LP rose to Nos. 1 & 3 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums and \"Billboard\" 200 charts. \"I Am\" was certified double Platinum in the US by the RIAA. A song off the album called \"After the Love Has Gone\" reached No. 2 on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "4882689", "text": "Wake Me Up When September Ends \"Wake Me Up When September Ends\" is a song by American rock band Green Day, released on August 31, 2005, as the fourth single from the group's seventh studio album, \"American Idiot\" (2004). The song was written by frontman Billie Joe Armstrong regarding the death of his father of esophageal cancer on September 1, 1982 when the singer was just 10 years old. The song became a hit single, peaking at number six on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It was also a top ten single in the United Kingdom, Belgium, New Zealand, and was", "title": "Wake Me Up When September Ends" }, { "id": "17550159", "text": "Now, Then & Forever Now, Then & Forever is the 20th studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, released on September 10, 2013, by Legacy Recordings, a division of Sony Music. The album rose to Nos. 11 & 6 on the Billboard 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Album charts. This is the only Earth, Wind & Fire album without musical input from founder Maurice White although he supplied liner notes. Larry Dunn, a former bandmember, featured as a keyboardist on the album. A track called Guiding Lights rose to Nos. 16 & 30 on the Billboard Smooth Jazz Songs and Adult", "title": "Now, Then & Forever" }, { "id": "1427789", "text": "Canadian Top Singles charts respectively. Another album cut entitled \"Spend The Night\" rose to No. 36 on the \"Billboard\" Adult R&B Songs chart. On July 30, 1993 former Phenix Horns saxophonist Don Myrick was fatally shot by the Los Angeles Police Department in a case of mistaken identity. On October 13, former lead vocalist Wade Flemons died from cancer in Battle Creek, Michigan. In November 1993, EWF performed at the American Music Awards 20th anniversary special. In 1994, Earth, Wind & Fire were inducted into the NAACP Image Award Hall Of Fame. On September 14 of the following year, the", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427805", "text": "Maurice co-wrote with Allee Willis several new songs for the play. On February 11, 2007 EWF performed \"Runaway Love\" alongside Mary J. Blige and Ludacris at the 49th Grammy Awards held at Los Angeles's Staples Center. \"\", an album featuring cover versions of EWF's material, was released on Stax Records on March 27, 2007. Executive produced by Maurice, the LP featured artists such as Chaka Khan, Kirk Franklin, Lalah Hathaway, Mint Condition, Dwele, Meshell Ndegeocello, and Angie Stone. The album rose to no. 28 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Dwele and Meshell Ndegeocello's renditions of \"That's the Way", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427771", "text": "reaching Nos. 1 & 9 on the \"Billboard\" R&B and Pop singles charts, respectively. The song was Grammy-nominated in the category of Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group or Chorus. It went on to win a Grammy for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s). The movie's soundtrack was certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA. In 1978 Maurice established a vanity label of CBS entitled The American Recording Company, and, alongside sound engineer George Massenburg, a new recording studio called \"The Complex\" in West Los Angeles. In November 1978 EWF issued a compilation album entitled \"The Best of", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427756", "text": "album rose to Nos. 2 & 27 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums and \"Billboard\" 200 charts respectively. Head to the Sky has also been certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA. An album cut entitled \"Evil\" got to Nos. 19 & 25 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary Songs and Hot Soul Songs charts respectively. The single \"Keep Your Head to the Sky\" rose to No. 23 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs chart. Jessica Cleaves left the band after the release of this album. The band's follow-up album was co-produced by Maurice and Joe Wissert, with Charles Stepney", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427764", "text": "entitled \"Gratitude\" was issued in November 1975. It rose to No. 1 on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and Top Soul Albums charts respectively. The album was certified Triple Platinum in the US by the RIAA. With the LP came the song \"Sing a Song\", which rose to Nos. 1 & 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. The single \"Can't Hide Love\" got to No. 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs chart. \"Can't Hide Love\" was also Grammy-nominated for Best Arrangement For Voices. EWF went on to win a Rock Music Award in the", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427816", "text": "early incarnation of Earth, Wind & Fire. Released at the Sundance Film Festival, the film was based on Melvin Van Peebles' struggle to film and distribute the movie \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song\" and was directed by his son Mario Van Peebles. Earth, Wind & Fire's songs have been featured in many movies all over the world & TV shows, including \"Anchorman\", \"Last Vegas\", \"The Intouchables\", \"Night at the Museum (film series)\", \"Caddyshack\", \"The Mentalist\", \"True Blood\", \"The Office\", \"Glee\", \"Daredevil\", and \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". with Earth, Wind & Fire Earth, Wind & Fire (abbreviated as EWF or", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "11163775", "text": "Serpentine Fire \"Serpentine Fire\" is a single by Earth, Wind & Fire which was issued in 1977 by Columbia Records. The single rose to Nos. 1 & 13 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. Serpentine Fire spent seven weeks atop the Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart. The song was produced by bandleader Maurice White for Kalimba Productions and composed by Maurice, Verdine White and Reginald 'Sonny' Burke. Serpentine Fire also came off of EWF's 1977 album All 'n All. A music video was issued in 1977 to accompany the single. Instrumental versions of \"Serpentine Fire\"", "title": "Serpentine Fire" }, { "id": "1427767", "text": "tribute to Stepney. The LP rose to No. 2 on both the \"Billboard\" Top Pop Albums and Top Soul Albums chart. \"Spirit\" was certified double Platinum in the US by the RIAA. A cut off the album called \"Getaway\" reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs chart. The single also rose to No. 12 on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Dance Club Play charts. Another track entitled \"Saturday Nite reached Nos. 4 & 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. \"Saturday Nite\" also rose to Nos. 12 & 17 on both the", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427812", "text": "Proms in the Park at Hyde Park with the BBC Concert Orchestra. On October 21, 2014, Earth, Wind & Fire released their first ever holiday album, entitled \"Holiday\". On December 8, 2014, Earth, Wind & Fire performed at the Kennedy Center Honors, honoring Al Green. On December 14, 2014, the band performed at the Christmas in Washington event. Maurice White died on February 4, 2016, after suffering for some years with Parkinson's disease. He was survived by his wife, his two sons, daughter and his brothers Verdine and Fred. Earth, Wind & Fire's songs have been covered by artists including", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427798", "text": "and Adult Contemporary Songs charts respectively. The tracks \"Never\" and \"Why?\" rose to Nos. 17 & 19 on the \"Billboard\" Smooth Jazz Songs chart respectively. On July 7, 2003 the band was inducted into Hollywood's Rockwalk. In September 2003 EWF were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. On February 8, 2004, Earth, Wind & Fire performed in a tribute to funk at the 46th annual Grammy Awards held at the Staples Center, Los Angeles, California. Other artists performing at this tribute were Parliament Funkadelic, OutKast, and Robert Randolph and the Family Band. EWF sang \"Shining Star\" and then", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "4695933", "text": "appeared on the soundtrack of the 2000 feature film \"The Original Kings of Comedy\". Credits are adapted from AllMusic and the album’s Liner Notes The information regarding accolades attributed to \"All 'N All\" is adapted from Acclaimed Music. (*) designates lists that are unordered. Works cited All 'n All All 'N All is the eighth studio album by the American band Earth, Wind & Fire, released in November 1977 by Columbia Records. The album rose to No. 1 & 3 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums and Billboard 200 charts respectively. All 'N All has also been certified Triple Platinum", "title": "All 'n All" }, { "id": "1427810", "text": "the \"We Are the World 25 for Haiti\" single. 2010 was also the year that saw Earth, Wind & Fire's original members Maurice White, Phillip Bailey, Verdine White, Al McKay and Larry Dunn all inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame. In November 2011, the band received the Legend Award at the Soul Train Awards at Atlanta, Georgia's Fox Theatre. In 2012, EWF were bestowed with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 20th Annual Trumpet Awards, held at Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre in Atlanta. On February 29, 2012, early guitarist Roland Bautista died, aged 60, of natural causes. Earth", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427761", "text": "When the band saw the film they were convinced that it would become a box office bomb, which it eventually was. They therefore released the movie's soundtrack before the film's premiere. Co-produced by Maurice White and Charles Stepney and recorded at the Caribou Ranch Studio, \"That's the Way of the World\" was issued in March 1975 by Columbia. The album rose to No. 1 on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and Top Soul Albums charts. The album was warmly received by critics. \"Billboard Magazine\" called it \"a very tightly produced and performed package.\" The BBC described it as a \"soul masterpiece\".", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427788", "text": "After 21 years EWF signed once again with Warner Bros. Following this came the release in 1993 of their 16th studio album, \"Millennium\". The album rose to Nos. 8 & 39 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and \"Billboard\" 200 charts respectively. It was nominated for a Soul Train Music Award in the category of Best R&B/Soul Album - Group, Band or Duo. Off the album the single \"Sunday Morning\" earned the band a Grammy nomination for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group. The song got to Nos. 20 & 33 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B Songs and", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "6451198", "text": "the Earth Wind & Fire hit \"September\" for Full Flava's \"Music is Our Way of Life\" album. Also that year, she recorded the theme song for BellaNutri titled \"Always Beautiful\" as well as an additional track \"Shine\", which was released on a CD for the company. In 2012, she collaborated with another spoken-word artist, Quill, on his track \"Everything Must Change.\" Chantay Savage Chantay Savage (born July 16, 1971) is an American R&B/dance singer. She experienced some success in the 1990s on various \"Billboard\" singles charts, one of which was \"I Will Survive\", a reworking of the Gloria Gaynor hit", "title": "Chantay Savage" }, { "id": "8893141", "text": "Illumination (Earth, Wind & Fire album) Illumination is the 19th studio album of R&B band Earth, Wind & Fire released in September 2005 on Sanctuary Records. The album rose to Nos. 8 & 32 upon the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and Billboard 200 charts respectively. Illumination was also Grammy nominated within the category of Best R&B Album. Artists such as Big Boi, Kenny G, Kelly Rowland, will.i.am, and Brian McKnight featured on Illumination. The album received positive reviews from critics. Raymond Fiore of \"Entertainment Weekly\" described the album as \"a fluid, unforced marriage of modern beats and retro, horn-lined soul\". Antony", "title": "Illumination (Earth, Wind & Fire album)" }, { "id": "1427762", "text": "With the LP, EWF became the first black act to top both the \"Billboard\" album and singles charts. The album was certified Triple Platinum in the US by the RIAA. Off the LP came the single \"Shining Star\", which rose to number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Hot Soul Singles charts. It also won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. The album's title track, \"That's the Way of the World\", also reached Nos. 5 & 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Singles and Hot 100 charts respectively. Because of", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427780", "text": "classic. In late 1983, EWF issued their thirteenth studio album, entitled \"Electric Universe\". With the album came a unique fully new wave and synth pop sound for EWF. The album got to Nos. 8 & 40 on the Top R&B Albums and \"Billboard\" 200 charts respectively. Off the album the single \"Magnetic\" rose to Nos. 10 & 36 on the |Hot R&B Songs and Dance Club Songs charts respectively. Another single entitled \"Touch\" got to No. 23 on the Hot R&B Songs chart. With the release of this LP Maurice believed the band needed a break, so he put EWF", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "14524543", "text": "2010, \"September\" became Daughtry's ninth single to reach the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The single has sold 355,000 digital downloads as of November 24, 2010. On the November 6, 2010 issue, the song reached its peak at number 36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming their eighth top-40 single. September (Daughtry song) \"September\" is the third and final single from Daughtry's second album \"Leave This Town\" (2009). This song was co-written by Chris Daughtry and Josh Steely. It was first released June 1, 2010 through RCA Records. The mid-tempo ballad is inspired by Chris's childhood memories growing up with his brother", "title": "September (Daughtry song)" }, { "id": "1427745", "text": "Earth, Wind & Fire Earth, Wind & Fire (abbreviated as EWF or EW&F) are an American band that has spanned the musical genres of R&B, soul, funk, jazz, disco, pop, rock, dance, Latin, and Afro pop. They have been described as one of the most innovative and commercially successful acts of all time. \"Rolling Stone\" called them \"innovative, precise yet sensual, calculated yet galvanizing\" and declared that the band \"changed the sound of black pop\". VH1 has also described EWF as \"one of the greatest bands\" of all time. The band was founded in Chicago by Maurice White in 1970,", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427800", "text": "G issued a cover of Outkast \"The Way You Move\" on Arista Records. The single got to No. 12 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary singles chart. On December 11, 2004, Earth, Wind & Fire were honored at the first annual Grammy Jam held at Los Angeles's Wiltern Theater. At the Grammy Jam artists such as Stevie Wonder, Yolanda Adams, Sheila E., Miri Ben-Ari, George Duke, Kanye West, and Randy Jackson paid tribute to the band in the form of performances. Other celebrities who attended the event were Pamela Anderson, Tim Allen, Prince, Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis, Nick Cannon, and Suzanne", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427806", "text": "of the World\" and \"Fantasy\", respectively, were each Grammy-nominated for the Best Urban/Alternative Performance. The band was the opening act at a special edition of \"American Idol\" entitled \"Idol Gives Back\" (which aired April 25, 2007) and performed a medley of \"Boogie Wonderland\", \"Shining Star\" and \"September\". At the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway, on December 11, 2007, Earth, Wind & Fire performed \"Fantasy\" and \"September\". Hosted by Kevin Spacey and Uma Thurman, the Nobel Peace Prize Concert was broadcast to over 100 countries. Other artists who performed included Melissa Etheridge, Alicia Keys, Annie Lennox, and Kylie Minogue.", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427769", "text": "was inspired via a month long trip by Maurice White through Argentina and Brazil. The album rose to No. 1 & 3 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums and \"Billboard\" 200 charts respectively. \"All 'n All\" won a Grammy for Best R&B Vocal Performance By A Duo, Group Or Chorus. The album was certified Triple Platinum in the US by the RIAA. An album cut called \"Serpentine Fire\" rose to Nos. 1 & 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. The single \"Fantasy\" reached Nos. 12 & 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs and", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427783", "text": "charts and number eleven on the Adult Contemporary charts. The album also featured an appearance by saxophonist Gerald Albright. Verdine White also produced \"Standing in the Light\", by the English pop rock and jazz-funk band Level 42, with Larry Dunn, and promoted go-go bands like Trouble Funk and E.U. The compilation album \"The Collection\" was released May 1986, stayed at number 5 on the UK singles charts for two weeks, and was certified Gold in the UK by the British Phonographic Industry. In 1987, CBS Records convinced both Philip Bailey and Maurice White that a reunion of Earth, Wind &", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "19857938", "text": "September Song (JP Cooper song) \"September Song\" is a song by English singer JP Cooper. It is the second single from his debut studio album, \"Raised Under Grey Skies\" (2017). The song was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 16 September 2016 through Island Records. The song has peaked at number 7 on the UK Singles Chart, and has also reached the top 10 in both Ireland and Sweden. The song was written by Cooper, Jon Hume, Alex Bunker and Mr Hudson. Talking about the song, Cooper said, \"'September Song' in a nutshell is a nostalgic,", "title": "September Song (JP Cooper song)" }, { "id": "1427751", "text": "guitar, Chester Washington on reeds, and Leslie Drayton on trumpet. With Maurice as a percussionist and lead vocalist Drayton also served as the group's musical arranger. Trombonist Alex Thomas completed the then ten-man EWF lineup. The band's self-titled debut album was eventually released in February 1971 on Warner Bros. The album got to No. 24 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums chart. EWF also performed on the soundtrack of the Melvin Van Peebles feature film \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song\". The soundtrack was released in June 1971 on Stax Records and reached No. 13 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B Albums chart.", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "4882698", "text": "the song, recorded on September 3, 2005 at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, was released soon after and dedicated to the hurricane's victims. The song was performed live with U2 guitarist The Edge in the pregame show of the Monday Night Football game between the New Orleans Saints and the Atlanta Falcons; it was the first game played in the Superdome in New Orleans after the hurricane. 7\" picture disc Wake Me Up When September Ends \"Wake Me Up When September Ends\" is a song by American rock band Green Day, released on August 31, 2005, as the fourth single", "title": "Wake Me Up When September Ends" }, { "id": "8893144", "text": "the Adult R&B Songs chart. Show Me The Way was also Grammy nominated in the category of Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. \"This Is How I Feel\" was featured in the movie \"Hitch\" and \"Love's Dance\" was featured in the feature film \"Robots\". \"Pure Gold\" was featured in the movie \"Roll Bounce\". Album - Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (North America) Illumination (Earth, Wind & Fire album) Illumination is the 19th studio album of R&B band Earth, Wind & Fire released in September 2005 on Sanctuary Records. The album rose to Nos. 8 &", "title": "Illumination (Earth, Wind & Fire album)" }, { "id": "1427766", "text": "and most of the other band members and put on tour with Earth, Wind & Fire these artists and others who were signed to Kalimba Productions. While co-producing and arranging Earth, Wind & Fire's follow-up LP, Deniece Williams's debut album, \"This Is Niecy,\" Ramsey Lewis's \"Salongo,\" and The Emotions's \"Flowers\", their first album on Columbia Records, Charles Stepney died of a heart attack on May 17, 1976 in Chicago at the age of 43. With Stepney's death, Maurice went on to solely produce the band's new LP, \"Spirit\", which was issued in October 1976. With the album's title EWF paid", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427758", "text": "US by the RIAA. A song from the LP dubbed \"Mighty Mighty\" reached Nos. 4 & 29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. An album cut called \"Kalimba Story\" rose to No. 6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs chart. The single \"Devotion\" got to Nos. 23 & 33 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. After \"Open Our Eyes\" was issued, Maurice's younger brother, Fred White, joined the band. He had played in Chicago clubs as a drummer with Donny Hathaway and Little Feat. On April 6, 1974, Earth, Wind", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "3725997", "text": "2015, which was later followed by \"Til The Day I Die\" on July 10, 2015, and \"Feel It\" on July 24, 2015. On November 3, 2017, he released \"Light of Christmas\". In January 2018, he released \"I Just Need U\", which debuted at No. 1 on the Hot Christian Songs chart, making the song TobyMac's sixth No. 1 single to top the chart. In July 2018, he released \"Everything\" as a single. In September 2018, he both announced his new album, \"The Elements\", and released \"Scars\" as a single. The album was released on October 12, 2018 and became his", "title": "TobyMac" }, { "id": "1427786", "text": "1 & 3 on the \"Billboard\" Dance Club Songs and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts respectively. In 1988, the band released the compilation album \"The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 2\". An original album cut, \"Turn on (The Beat Box)\", got to No. 26 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The album was certified Gold in the US by the RIAA. In 1988 EWF went on to be nominated for an NAACP Image Award in the category of Best Vocal Group. In 1990 EWF issued their fifteenth studio album, entitled \"Heritage\". \"People\" magazine described it as an album", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "4882691", "text": "who died of cancer on September 1982 when Billie Joe was ten. Armstrong, at one point, dubbed the song the most autobiographical he had written to that point, considering it \"therapeutic\" but also difficult to perform. The song is largely unrelated to the storyline that is central to \"American Idiot\". The single peaked at number six in the United States, becoming Green Day's second top 10 single. It also peaked at number eight in Canada and the UK, while reaching number 13 in Australia. The song was certified Gold in the United Kingdom for sales of 400,000. The song ended", "title": "Wake Me Up When September Ends" }, { "id": "5030084", "text": "I See You Baby. Credits are adapted from Allmusic and the album’s Liner Notes The information regarding accolades attributed to \"That's the Way of the World\" is adapted from acclaimedmusic.net, soultracks.com and www.rockhall.com. That's the Way of the World That's the Way of the World is the sixth studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, released on March 15, 1975 by Columbia Records. It was also the soundtrack for a 1975 motion picture of the same name. The album rose to No. 1 on both the Billboard 200 and Top Soul Albums charts. \"That's the Way of the World\" has", "title": "That's the Way of the World" }, { "id": "20427411", "text": "the chart. The next week it moved to number 38, later peaking at number 20. The song also debuted at number 87 in the UK, before peaking at number 45. In Australia it debuted at number 56, later peaking at number 28. The track was re-recorded at The Tracking Room in Nashville, Tennessee for Swift's acoustic installment of the \"Spotify Singles\" series. The acoustic version was released on April 13 exclusively on Spotify along with Swift's cover of Earth, Wind & Fire's \"September\". A remix for the song featuring American musicians Ryan Tedder and Sawyr was released on May 25,", "title": "Delicate (Taylor Swift song)" }, { "id": "8475573", "text": "of \"positive elements\". Robert Christgau also describes the album as a complete \"tour de force\". The track, \"Mighty Mighty\", peaked at Nos. 4 and 29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts, respectively. \"Kalimba Story\" reached No. 6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs chart. Another single, \"Devotion\", peaked at Nos. 23 and 33 on the Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts, respectively. Credits are adapted from Allmusic and the album's liner notes. Open Our Eyes Open Our Eyes is the fifth studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, released on March 25, 1974 on Columbia", "title": "Open Our Eyes" }, { "id": "1427778", "text": "R&B Vocal Performance By A Duo Or Group. Earth, Wind & Fire appeared at American Bandstand's 30th Anniversary Special, where they performed \"Let's Groove\" on October 30, 1981. In 1981 the Phenix Horns also began their frequent collaborations with Phil Collins and his band Genesis. In February 1983 the band issued a studio album entitled\"Powerlight\". The album rose to Nos. 4 & 12 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B Albums and \"Billboard\" 200 charts respectively. \"Powerlight\" was certified Gold in the US by the RIAA. A album cut called \"Fall in Love with Me\" rose to Nos. 17 & 4 on", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "18355789", "text": "5, six in the Top 3 and peaked at #1 in the country; it moved to the Recurrent Chart on January 28, 2015 where it remained for twenty weeks. It has reached a listening audience of over 500,000 in the US alone. \"Fire\" debuted at #24 on BDS Christian Rock on March 11, 2015 and spent 18 weeks on the chart peaking at #8. \"Worthy\" debuted at #17 and peaked at #3, spending several weeks on the charts at well. Single recorded in November 2015 with Jeremy Holderfield from Seventh Day Slumber, released February 2, 2016. Released November 14, 2017.", "title": "Scarlet White" }, { "id": "1427799", "text": "at Outkast's request crooned \"The Way You Move\" with them. Robert Randolph and the Family Band performed their single \"I Need More Love\" and then all of the bands teamed to sing Parliament Funkadelic's classic \"Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker)\". EWF also covered Jimi Hendrix's \"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)\" on his May 2004 tribute album \"\". On June 8, 2004 EWF were bestowed with the NARAS Signature Governors Award at Los Angeles's Beverly Hills Hotel. On September 27, 2004, former Phenix Horns trombonist Louis Satterfield died, aged 67. In November 2004 EWF and saxophonist Kenny", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "11163776", "text": "have been recorded by Jimmy Smith (album \"Unfinished Business\"/ 1978) and by Tom Scott (album \"Them Changes\"/ 1990). Bassist Nathan East released a version featuring Earth, Wind & Fire members Philip Bailey, Verdine White and Ralph Johnson in 2016. In 2015 Jack DeJohnette recorded a version with Ravi Coltrane and Matthew Garrison for his ECM-Album In Movement. The information regarding accolades attributed to \"Serpentine Fire\" is adapted from Acclaimed Music. (*) designates lists that are unordered. Serpentine Fire \"Serpentine Fire\" is a single by Earth, Wind & Fire which was issued in 1977 by Columbia Records. The single rose to", "title": "Serpentine Fire" }, { "id": "12566267", "text": "\"September\". The single rose to Nos. 1 & 8 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 respectively. September also got to No. 3 on the UK Singles chart. Another single entitled Got to Get You into My Life\" reached Nos. 1 & 9 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. Got to Get You into My Life was Grammy nominated in the category of Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group or Chorus. The song went on to win a Grammy for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s). Although EWF would go on to", "title": "The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1" }, { "id": "1427776", "text": "the \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart and No. 29 on the UK Singles Chart. The album cut \"You\" got to No. 10 on the \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart. The track \"And Love Goes On\" rose to No. 15 on the \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart. White decided that, given the changing musical landscape, the band needed to incorporate into their work more of the electronic sound which was popular at the time. As a result, EWF's eleventh album, \"Raise!\", was influenced by this new electronic sound and released in the fall of 1981. With this album rhythm guitarist Roland Bautista returned to", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "19593529", "text": "Filmmaker Labs, an annual yearlong fellowship for first-time feature directors. The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 7, 2015, and received a theatrical release in the United States on July 22, 2016. Film Movement acquired the rights to distribute the film in the United States. Metrodome distributed the film in the United Kingdom on May 13, 2016. \"The Seventh Fire\" went on to play in over 50 markets, including New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Toronto, Vancouver, Minneapolis, Boston, and San Diego. The film was selected to screen at the White House on March 24, 2016", "title": "The Seventh Fire" }, { "id": "6496102", "text": "Canadian and UK Albums Charts. \"Hail to the King\" and \"Shepherd of Fire\" both topped the Mainstream Rock chart. Brooks Wackerman replaced Ilejay in 2015, and the following year the band released \"The Stage\" without any prior announcement. The album reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and topped the Canadian Albums Chart. Since 2017, the band has been adding to \"The Stage\" as part of an \"evolving track listing\", including cover versions of \"God Only Knows\" by The Beach Boys, \"As Tears Go By\" by The Rolling Stones and \"Wish You Were Here\" by Pink Floyd. Avenged Sevenfold released", "title": "Avenged Sevenfold discography" }, { "id": "11167947", "text": "Sing a Song (Earth, Wind & Fire song) \"Sing a Song\" is a song recorded by R&B/funk band, Earth, Wind & Fire, which was issued as a single in November 1975 on Columbia Records. The song reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Singles chart and No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Released as a single from the band's 1975 album, \"Gratitude\", \"Sing a Song\" spent two weeks atop the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs chart. The song was composed by Maurice White with Al McKay and produced by White and Charles Stepney. \"Sing a Song\" was covered by", "title": "Sing a Song (Earth, Wind & Fire song)" }, { "id": "5030080", "text": "That's the Way of the World That's the Way of the World is the sixth studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, released on March 15, 1975 by Columbia Records. It was also the soundtrack for a 1975 motion picture of the same name. The album rose to No. 1 on both the Billboard 200 and Top Soul Albums charts. \"That's the Way of the World\" has also been certified Triple Platinum in the U.S by the RIAA. \"That's the Way of the World\" was produced by both EWF leader Maurice White and Charles Stepney. The album spent three weeks", "title": "That's the Way of the World" }, { "id": "8978447", "text": "the early to mid 1980s. Credits are adapted from Allmusic and the album’s Liner Notes The information regarding accolades attributed to \"I Am\" is adapted from Acclaimed Music and NME I Am (Earth, Wind & Fire album) I Am is the ninth studio album by the R&B band Earth, Wind & Fire, released on June 9, 1979 on CBS Records. The LP rose to Nos. 1 & 3 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums and Billboard 200 charts respectively. \"I Am\" has been certified Double Platinum in the US by the RIAA, Platinum in the UK by the BPI and", "title": "I Am (Earth, Wind & Fire album)" }, { "id": "20482718", "text": "doesn't think writing to be important. For them, it's more “the actor, then the director, how you shoot the film and how expensive.” Initially, the film was scheduled to release on 1 June 2018. But in October 2017, Dhawan, in one of his tweets, revealed that the release date has been preponed. The film was released on 13 April 2018 across 2308 screens worldwide. Background score of the film is composed by Shantanu Moitra who also provided music for three tracks on the film's soundtrack album. The soundtrack is composed by Shantanu Moitra, Abhishek Arora and Anupam Roy, and features", "title": "October (2018 film)" }, { "id": "5088076", "text": "\"...sparkling harmonies and powerful groove\" upon the album. Credits are adapted from Allmusic and the album’s Liner Notes Credits are adapted from Allmusic and the album’s Liner Notes. Production The information regarding accolades attributed to \" Raise!\" is adapted from rocklistmusic.co.uk. Raise! Raise! is the eleventh studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, Released on November 14, 1981 by CBS Records (now Sony Music). The album rose to Nos. 1 & 5 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums and Billboard 200 charts respectively. \"Raise!\" has been certified platinum in the US by the RIAA for sales of over a million", "title": "Raise!" }, { "id": "5088073", "text": "Raise! Raise! is the eleventh studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, Released on November 14, 1981 by CBS Records (now Sony Music). The album rose to Nos. 1 & 5 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums and Billboard 200 charts respectively. \"Raise!\" has been certified platinum in the US by the RIAA for sales of over a million copies and gold in the UK and Canada by the British Phonographic Industry and Music Canada respectively. \"Raise!\" was produced by bandleader Maurice White and spent 11 weeks atop the Billboard Top R&B albums charts. Off the album came the single", "title": "Raise!" }, { "id": "1427754", "text": "in October 1972. Allmusic described Last Days and Time as a mix of \"Motown pop, funk and folk\", \"Sly and The Family Stone's r&b\" and \"the fusion style of Weather Report\". \"Billboard\" noted a \"dynamic soul rock style\" as the \"main ingredients\" of the album. The album got to No. 15 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums chart. An album cut entitled \"Mom\" also got to No. 39 on the Cashbox Top R&B Singles chart. Soon thereafter Roland Bautista and Ronnie Laws left the band to pursue new musical opportunities Denver native Philip Bailey recommended his former East High School", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "12457196", "text": "Earth, Wind & Fire discography This following is a comprehensive discography of Earth, Wind & Fire, an American band whose songs fall within a number of genres of music. The band formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1969 and led by founder Maurice White. Also known as EWF or the Elements of the Universe, the band has won six Grammy Awards and four American Music Awards. They have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. They have sold over 100 million albums worldwide. \"Rolling Stone\" magazine has described Earth, Wind &", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire discography" }, { "id": "14524540", "text": "September (Daughtry song) \"September\" is the third and final single from Daughtry's second album \"Leave This Town\" (2009). This song was co-written by Chris Daughtry and Josh Steely. It was first released June 1, 2010 through RCA Records. The mid-tempo ballad is inspired by Chris's childhood memories growing up with his brother in a small town in North Carolina. This song was performed on \"American Idol\" on May 12, 2010. \"September\" debuted at 30 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Pop Songs chart. Daughtry wrote the riff for \"September\" while he was on tour with Bon Jovi. His bandmate Josh Steely sent", "title": "September (Daughtry song)" }, { "id": "5209859", "text": "Earth, Wind & Fire songs as \"Devotion,\" \"Keep Your Head to the Sky,\" \"Reasons,\" \"Fantasy,\" \"I'll Write A Song For You,\" \"Imagination,\" \"I've Had Enough,\" and \"Guiding Lights.\" He also shared lead vocals with Maurice White on such EWF hits as \"Shining Star,\" \"Getaway,\" \"September,\" \"Sing A Song,\" \"Serpentine Fire,\" \"Saturday Night,\" and sang lead with both White, and the girl group The Emotions, on their classic disco collaboration, \"Boogie Wonderland.\" With Maurice White's retirement and then death, Bailey became the on-stage leader of Earth, Wind & Fire, along with bassist Verdine White, vocalist/percussionist Ralph Johnson and vocalist/percussionist B. David", "title": "Philip Bailey" }, { "id": "20252385", "text": "on September 9, 2017. \"Big Sur\" was released as the fourth single from the album on September 18, 2017 and feature a remix of the song by Mike D from the Beastie Boys. On April 20, 2018 \"Willie Got Me Stoned\" was released as the fifth single from the deluxe edition of the album. \"Love Song #16\" will be released as the sixth single from the album, and it is set to be released for radio promotion on September 15, 2018. The album cover was shot on a beach of the windward side of the Hawaiian Islands where North Pacific", "title": "All the Light Above It Too" }, { "id": "6036826", "text": "57th Primetime Emmy Awards The 57th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, September 18, 2005 and was hosted by Ellen DeGeneres. The ceremony was broadcast on CBS. BBC America received its first major nomination this year. The ceremony, which aired three weeks after Hurricane Katrina hit, featured a mini-telethon for Habitat for Humanity and gave DeGeneres more opportunity to use the ceremony to somberly remember the victims of the Gulf Coast. Opening the ceremony was the famous 1970's band Earth, Wind & Fire with a comedic version of \"September\", in collaboration with The Black Eyed Peas. The ceremony featured", "title": "57th Primetime Emmy Awards" }, { "id": "8490512", "text": "classic jazz piece Malaguena, Age of Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In from the musical Hair, and Bandstand Boogie. At Fenway Park in April 2014, the band was joined by Scottish bagpipers and drummers for a ceremony marking the first anniversary of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing. In the 2014 season, the band's show music consisted of \"In The Stone\", \"September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)\", and \"Let's Groove\" by Earth, Wind, and Fire, \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", and \"Spain (instrumental)\". The band also put together a special show for the football game on Veteran's Day. The show, called \"The Defense of Fort McHenry\",", "title": "University of Massachusetts Minuteman Marching Band" }, { "id": "9823317", "text": "began at Wagner in 1974. The competition was founded at Midwood High School in Brooklyn around 1947. Senior Sing 2013 won the cup and the title of Sing 2013 Champions with their theme as \"Mr. Lentil`s Carnival\". In 2014, Senior Sing took the cup with their tale of Arabian Nights. It followed a story line that many students, seniors especially, find themselves living in real life. With songs like \"September\" by Earth, Wind and Fire, Senior Sing told the story of a young man on his way to college, but afraid to leave his familiar life at home. With the", "title": "Susan E. Wagner High School" }, { "id": "20014876", "text": "Poison the Parish Poison the Parish is the seventh studio album by South African rock band Seether. It was released on 12 May 2017. It is the band's first album to feature a new band logo on the cover. The first single, \"Let You Down\" was released on 23 February 2017. On 23 March 2017, the band released a new track titled \"Stoke the Fire\". On 13 April 2017, \"Nothing Left\" was released. On 5 May 2017, \"Count Me Out\" was released. On 9 August 2017, the album's second single, \"Betray and Degrade\" was released. On 8 April 2018, the", "title": "Poison the Parish" }, { "id": "1427752", "text": "In November 1971 EWF's sophomore album entitled \"The Need of Love\" was issued. It got to No. 35 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums chart. The band developed a growing popularity on college campuses but, in spite of this, some members of EWF started to become restless and the band broke up after having been together less than six months. With only Verdine left, Maurice decided to re-form the group. In 1972, Maurice added vocalist Helena Davis, Ronnie Laws on the flute and saxophone, rhythm guitarist Roland Bautista, keyboardist Larry Dunn, vocalist Philip Bailey and percussionist Ralph Johnson to the", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "15451024", "text": "on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The eighth season premiered on September 12, 2018 and concluded on November", "title": "American Horror Story" }, { "id": "4882692", "text": "the streak of Green Day's three consecutive number-one hits on the Modern Rock Tracks chart (\"American Idiot\", \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\", and \"Holiday\"), but it peaked at number two on the chart, kept from number one by Gorillaz' \"Feel Good Inc.\" The song also made it to number two on the Adult Top 40 chart and the Mainstream Top 40 chart. This was the band's most successful song in the adult contemporary market, hitting number three on the Adult Contemporary Chart and their only song to appear on that specific chart other than \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\". \"Wake Me Up", "title": "Wake Me Up When September Ends" }, { "id": "1427779", "text": "the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Hot R&B Songs charts respectively. \"Fall in Love with Me\" was Grammy-nominated for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. Another single entitled \"Side by Side\" got to No. 15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B Songs chart. EWF went on to contribute the song \"Dance, Dance, Dance\" to the soundtrack of the April 1983 animated film \"Rock & Rule\". The soundtrack also featured Debbie Harry of Blondie, Lou Reed and Cheap Trick. \"Rock & Rule\" was the first feature film of Nelvana Studios and has since gone on to become a cult", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "383027", "text": "December 25. The September equinox takes place in this month, and certain observances are organized around it. It is the Autumn equinox in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Vernal Equinox in the Southern Hemisphere. The dates can vary from 21 September to 24 September (in UTC). September is mostly in the sixth month of the astrological calendar (and the first part of the seventh), which begins at the end of March/Mars/Aries. \"This list does not necessarily imply either official status or general observance.\" September September is the ninth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the third", "title": "September" }, { "id": "13114837", "text": "That's the Way of the World (Earth, Wind & Fire song) \"That's the Way of the World\" is a song recorded by the band Earth, Wind & Fire, released as single in June 1975 on Columbia Records. The song reached No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Singles chart and No. 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is the title track of Earth, Wind & Fire's 1975 album \"That's the Way of the World\". The track was produced by bandleader Maurice White, who also wrote the song along with Charles Stepney and Verdine White. \"That's the Way of", "title": "That's the Way of the World (Earth, Wind & Fire song)" }, { "id": "15164768", "text": "\"Zero Gravity\" was released. The collection features several versions of the song \"Zero Gravity (Lost in Space),\" including a remix by Matt Mcjunkins and The Beta Machine. ShyBoy and multi-platinum songwriter Allee Willis (Earth, Wind & Fire's \"September,\" \"The Color Purple\" musical) teamed up with producers Jeff Hoeppner and Mark Nubar to create several singles in 2016 and 2017. The first of these releases - a cover of \"Neutron Dance\" (the Grammy Award-winning song by The Pointer Sisters, written by Willis and Danny Sembello) - features an animated lyric video directed by Willis, who also illustrated the artwork for the", "title": "ShyBoy" }, { "id": "12457198", "text": "band's albums. Earth, Wind & Fire discography This following is a comprehensive discography of Earth, Wind & Fire, an American band whose songs fall within a number of genres of music. The band formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1969 and led by founder Maurice White. Also known as EWF or the Elements of the Universe, the band has won six Grammy Awards and four American Music Awards. They have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. They have sold over 100 million albums worldwide. \"Rolling Stone\" magazine has described Earth,", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire discography" }, { "id": "11211987", "text": "- Billboard (United States) Last Days and Time Last Days and Time is the third studio album by American R&B group Earth, Wind & Fire, released in November 1972 Columbia Records. The album rose to No. 15 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums chart. Allmusic described Last Days and Time as a mix of \"Motown pop, funk and folk\", \"Sly and The Family Stone's r&b\" and \"the fusion style of Weather Report\". Billboard also noted a \"dynamic soul rock style\" as the \"main ingredients\" of the album. The song, \"Mom\", reached No. 39 on the Cashbox Top R&B Singles chart.", "title": "Last Days and Time" }, { "id": "1427787", "text": "\"with a full dose of energy and creativity\". \"Spin\" noted \"bright, cheery harmonies set in crisp call and response patterns laced together with dreamy musical interludes\" on the album. The album rose to number 19 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The album's title track, featuring The Boys, got to No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Another single, \"For the Love of You\" featuring MC Hammer, rose to No. 19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. In 1992, the band released a 55-track anthology of their career up to that point entitled \"The Eternal Dance\".", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "11211986", "text": "Last Days and Time Last Days and Time is the third studio album by American R&B group Earth, Wind & Fire, released in November 1972 Columbia Records. The album rose to No. 15 on the \"Billboard\" Top Soul Albums chart. Allmusic described Last Days and Time as a mix of \"Motown pop, funk and folk\", \"Sly and The Family Stone's r&b\" and \"the fusion style of Weather Report\". Billboard also noted a \"dynamic soul rock style\" as the \"main ingredients\" of the album. The song, \"Mom\", reached No. 39 on the Cashbox Top R&B Singles chart. Adapted from AllMusic. Album", "title": "Last Days and Time" }, { "id": "20545742", "text": "date was pushed back to April 27, 2018. The album was made available for pre-order on Apple Music on January 6, 2018. The album's lead single, \"Outside Today\", was released on January 6, 2018 to streaming services, along with its music video. The song peaked at number 31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming YoungBoy's highest charting song to date. The album's second single, \"Diamond Teeth Samurai\", was released to streaming services on April 2, 2018, along with its music video. It debuted at number 59 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The album's lead promotional single, \"Solar Eclipse\" was released", "title": "Until Death Call My Name" }, { "id": "1427781", "text": "on hiatus in early 1984. During their hiatus, Philip Bailey released his second and most commercially successful solo project, the gold album \"Chinese Wall\", featuring the Phenix Horns and produced by Phil Collins. The first single from that album, a duet with Collins called \"Easy Lover,\" sold over a million copies, rose to number 2 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 1 on the UK Singles Chart respectively, and was Grammy-nominated for Best Pop Vocal Performance By A Duo or Group. The song's video went to the top of MTV's video playlist and won an MTV Video Music", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "10730400", "text": "be written and composed, and it was only finally finished after Maurice White saw the film \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\" and gained inspiration from the film. The song was featured in \"\" in the radio station VCFL Radio. \"Fantasy\" reached number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and number 12 on the \"Billboard\" R&B singles chart in the United States, and number 14 on the UK singles chart. \"Fantasy\" received a Grammy Award nomination for Best R&B Song. After its release in Japan as a digital single to cellphones in 2009, it was certified gold for 100,000", "title": "Fantasy (Earth, Wind & Fire song)" }, { "id": "18525334", "text": "Into the Wild Life Into the Wild Life is the third studio album by American rock band Halestorm. It was scheduled for release on April 3, 2015 via Atlantic Records but due to unforeseen circumstances, it was pushed back by a week worldwide. The album peaked at #5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, making it their highest charting release to date in the US. \"Into The Wild Life\" received generally favorable reviews from music critics. According to Metacritic, the album received an average score of 67/100 based on 5 reviews. James Christopher Monger at AllMusic regarded \"I Am the Fire,\"", "title": "Into the Wild Life" }, { "id": "13915607", "text": "where it is sung by the two female leading characters in the final scene, as nuclear war envelops the world and many people of Sydney shelter in an Underground station. The single was released in 1962 and made it to number 22 on the \"Billboard\" chart in September of that year, appearing on the Hot 100 chart dated October 6, 1962 (chart dates are approximately one-and-a-half weeks ahead of their actual release dates). The recording was considerably more popular in the United Kingdom, peaking at number three in October 1962, the highest position of any Carole King recording in the", "title": "It Might as Well Rain Until September" }, { "id": "1427774", "text": "Hot Soul Songs charts. The song also reached No. 3 on both the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary Songs and UK Singles charts. The ballad was Grammy-nominated in the category of Record of the Year. \"After the Love Has Gone\" also won a Grammy for the Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group. Another album cut called \"Boogie Wonderland\" featuring The Emotions got to Nos. 2 & 6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. The song was Grammy-nominated in the categories of Best Disco Recording and Best R&B Instrumental Performance. In October 1980 a double", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427797", "text": "Kalimba Records. It rose to number 19 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts and received critical acclaim upon its release, with \"People\" magazine and \"Blender\" magazine describing it as \"musically rich\" and \"a classy collection\", respectively. On the album were two previously unreleased songs from the \"I Am\" recording sessions: \"Where Do We Go From Here\" and \"Dirty\". A track entitled \"Hold Me\" earned the band a Grammy nomination for Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance. The album cut \"All in the Way\", which reunited EWF with The Emotions, got to Nos. 13 & 25 on the \"Billboard\" Adult R&B Songs", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427791", "text": "Records. The album went on to be critically acclaimed as being wholly neo soul in its sound and style. Off the album the single \"Change Your Mind\" rose to No. 26 on the Adult R&B Songs chart. Another album cut entitled \"When Love Goes Wrong\" got to No. 33 on the Adult R&B Songs chart. EWF played at the 1997 Montreux Jazz Festival and gave an encore performance the following year. A DVD of the band's 1997 performance at the festival entitled \"\" was released in 2004. Earth, Wind & Fire guested on Wu Tang Clan offshoot Sunz of Man's", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "1427804", "text": "admiration of critics, with AllMusic's Rob Theakston referring to the album as an \"outstanding record\" and Steve Jones of \"USA Today\" remarking that on the album EWF are as \"vibrant as ever\". \"Illumination\" received a Grammy nomination for Best R&B Album and a \"Soul Train\" Music Award in the category R&B-soul album. EWF also received a NAACP Image Award nomination for Best Duo or Group. In 2006, Maurice worked with Maurice Hines, brother of famed entertainer Gregory Hines, to release the Broadway play \"Hot Feet\". This was a jukebox musical with its theme the music of Earth, Wind & Fire.", "title": "Earth, Wind & Fire" }, { "id": "6372796", "text": "the band's popularity with a younger generation. Becoming the band's first album to top the \"Billboard\" 200, \"American Idiot\" sold over six million copies in the United States, and over 14 million copies worldwide. The album spawned five commercially successful singles: \"American Idiot\", \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\", \"Holiday\", \"Wake Me Up When September Ends\", and \"Jesus of Suburbia\". The band's eighth studio album \"21st Century Breakdown\" followed in May 2009, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 and being certified platinum by the RIAA. Two singles from the album—\"Know Your Enemy\" and \"21 Guns\"—became top 40 hits on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "title": "Green Day discography" } ]

[ "the President" ]

[ { "id": "433360", "text": "confirmed to the Supreme Court. Constitutional law scholar Todd Pettys has proposed that presidential appointment of chief justices should be done away with, and replaced by a process that permits the Justices to select their own chief justice. Three incumbent associate justices have been nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate as chief justice: Edward Douglass White in 1910, Harlan Fiske Stone in 1941, and William Rehnquist in 1986. A fourth, Abe Fortas, was nominated to the position in 1968, but was not confirmed. As an associate justice does not have to resign his or her seat on", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "433359", "text": "made a total of 22 official nominations to the position. The salary of the chief justice is set by Congress; the current (2018) annual salary is $267,000, which is slightly higher than that of associate justices, which is $255,300. The practice of appointing an individual to serve as chief justice is grounded in tradition; while the Constitution mandates that there be a chief justice, it is silent on the subject of how one is chosen and by whom. There is no specific constitutional prohibition against using another method to select the chief justice from among those justices properly appointed and", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "433354", "text": "Chief Justice of the United States The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and as such the highest-ranking officer of the federal judiciary. The Constitution grants plenary power to the President of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a chief justice, who serves until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die. The Chief Justice has significant influence in the selection of cases for review, presides when oral arguments are held, and leads the discussion of cases among", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "2258972", "text": "the United Kingdom, which operates across all three jurisdictions and is headed by the President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The chief justice can be selected in many ways, but, in many nations, the position is given to the most senior justice of the court, while, in the United States, it is often the President's most important political nomination, subject to approval by the United States Senate. Although the title of this top American jurist is, by statute, Chief Justice of the United States, the term \"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court\" is often used unofficially. In", "title": "Chief justice" }, { "id": "433356", "text": "Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution and, by custom, is elected chancellor of the board. Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 17 people have served as chief justice. The first was John Jay (1789–1795). The current chief justice is John Roberts (since 2005). Edward Douglass White, Charles Evans Hughes, Harlan Fiske Stone, and William Rehnquist were previously confirmed for associate justice and subsequently confirmed for chief justice separately. The United States Constitution does not explicitly establish an office of Chief Justice, but presupposes its existence with a single reference in : \"When the President of the United", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "4968023", "text": "The governor then selects the new Justice from the list. If the governor fails to choose a replacement within sixty days, the chief justice or the acting chief justice must do so. The Judicial Nomination Commission Chief Justice selects the chief justice from the sitting associate justices for a five-year term. The chief justice presides over the Court. When the position of chief justice becomes vacant, the most senior member of the Court serves as the acting chief justice until a new one is chosen by the Judicial Nominating Commission. The chief justice also serves as chairman of the Judicial", "title": "Supreme Court of Indiana" }, { "id": "2258970", "text": "Chief justice The chief justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in any of many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the High Court of Australia, the", "title": "Chief justice" }, { "id": "433228", "text": "States and eight associate justices who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Once appointed, justices have lifetime tenure unless they resign, retire, or are removed from office. Each justice has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the chief justice's vote counts no more than that of any other justice. However, the Chief Justice—when in the majority—decides who writes the court's opinion. Otherwise, the senior justice in the majority assigns the writing of a decision. In modern discourse, the justices are often categorized as having conservative, moderate, or liberal philosophies of law and", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433246", "text": "elevated Harlan Fiske Stone to Chief Justice. The U.S. Constitution states that the President \"shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Judges of the Supreme Court.\" Most presidents nominate candidates who broadly share their ideological views, although a justice's decisions may end up being contrary to a president's expectations. Because the Constitution sets no qualifications for service as a justice, a president may nominate anyone to serve, subject to Senate confirmation. In modern times, the confirmation process has attracted considerable attention from the press and advocacy groups, which lobby senators to confirm", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433358", "text": "Court commission contained the modified title was Melville Fuller in 1888. The associate justices' title was not altered in 1866, and remains as originally created. The chief justice, like all federal judges, is nominated by the President and confirmed to office by the U.S. Senate. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution specifies that they \"shall hold their Offices during good Behavior\". This language means that the appointments are effectively for life, and that, once in office, justices' tenure ends only when they die, retire, resign, or are removed from office through the impeachment process. Since 1789, 15 presidents have", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "3220917", "text": "supreme court came into being. He succeeded Justice Dipak Misra on 2 October 2018, and will remain in office till 17 November 2019, the day he retires on turning 65 years in age. Article 124 of the Constitution of India provides for the manner of appointing judges to the Supreme Court. Though no specific provision exists in the Constitution for appointing the Chief Justice, who, as a result, is appointed like the other judges conventionally, the outgoing CJI recommends the name of the senior-most judge (i.e. by date of appointment to the Supreme Court) for appointment by the President of", "title": "Chief Justice of India" }, { "id": "2258975", "text": "of the President of South Africa. Chief justice The chief justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in any of many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of New Zealand,", "title": "Chief justice" }, { "id": "6573031", "text": "Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. The procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States are governed by the U.S. Constitution, various federal statutes, and the Court's own internal rules. Since 1869, the Court has consisted of one chief justice and eight associate justices. Justices are nominated by the president, and with the advice and consent (confirmation) of the U.S. Senate, appointed to the Court by the president. Once appointed, justices have lifetime tenure unless they resign,", "title": "Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433355", "text": "the justices. Additionally, when the Court renders an opinion, the chief justice – if in the majority – chooses who writes the Court's opinion. When deciding a case, however, the chief justice's vote counts no more than that of any associate justice. Additionally, the Chief Justice serves as a spokesperson for the federal government's judicial branch and acts as a chief administrative officer for the federal courts. The Chief Justice presides over the Judicial Conference and, in that capacity, appoints the director and deputy director of the Administrative Office. The Chief Justice is also an \"ex officio\" member of the", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "5713022", "text": "presidency and vice presidency (1935), senators (1916, or as the Taft Commission, in September 1, 1901) and the members of the House of Representatives (1907 as the Philippine Assembly). The power to appoint the chief justice lies with the president, who makes the selection from a list of three nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. There is no material difference in the process of selecting a chief justice from that in the selection of associate justices. As with the other justices of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is obliged to retire upon reaching the age of 70;", "title": "Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines" }, { "id": "433374", "text": "the chief justice is unable to discharge his functions, or when that office is vacant, the chief justice's duties are carried out by the most senior associate justice until the disability or vacancy ends. Currently, since August 2018, Clarence Thomas is the most senior associate justice. Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, the following 17 persons have served as Chief Justice: Chief Justice of the United States The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and as such the highest-ranking officer of the federal judiciary. The Constitution", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "2258973", "text": "some courts, the chief justice has a different title, e.g. president of the supreme court. In other courts, the title of chief justice is used, but the court has a different name, e.g. the Supreme Court of Judicature in colonial (British) Ceylon, and the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia (in the US state of West Virginia). The Chief Justice's personal ruling is equal in weight to the rulings of any associate judges on the court. In several countries, the chief justice is second in line to the office of president or governor general (or third in line, if", "title": "Chief justice" }, { "id": "32604", "text": "effectively grants life tenure to associate justices, and all other federal judges, which ends only when a justice dies, retires, resigns, or is removed from office by impeachment. Each Supreme Court justice has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the chief justice's vote counts no more than that of any other justice. However, the Chief Justice—when in the majority—decides who writes the court's opinion. Otherwise, the senior justice in the majority assigns the writing of a decision. Furthermore, the chief justice leads the discussion of the case among the justices. The chief justice has certain administrative", "title": "Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "32603", "text": "Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is the title of all members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution grants plenary power to the president to nominate, and with the advice and consent (confirmation) of the Senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution", "title": "Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433258", "text": "Chief Justice after Rehnquist died). Despite the variability, all but four presidents have been able to appoint at least one justice. William Henry Harrison died a month after taking office, though his successor (John Tyler) made an appointment during that presidential term. Likewise, Zachary Taylor died 16 months after taking office, but his successor (Millard Fillmore) also made a Supreme Court nomination before the end of that term. Andrew Johnson, who became president after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, was denied the opportunity to appoint a justice by a reduction in the size of the Court. Jimmy Carter is the", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "13929000", "text": "1987, when the Senate refused to confirm Robert Bork. Not everyone nominated by the President has received a floor vote in the Senate. Prior to 2017 a nominee could be filibustered once debate on the nomination had begun in the full Senate. A filibuster indefinitely prolongs the debate, preventing a final vote on the nominee. President Lyndon Johnson's nomination of sitting Associate Justice Abe Fortas to succeed Earl Warren as Chief Justice in 1968 was the first successful filibuster of a Supreme Court nominee. It included both Republican and Democratic senators concerned with Fortas's ethics. President Donald Trump's nomination of", "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433267", "text": "the day-to-day activities of the justices are governed by rules of protocol based upon the seniority of justices. The Chief Justice always ranks first in the order of precedence—regardless of the length of his or her service. The associate justices are then ranked by the length of their service. The chief justice sits in the center on the bench, or at the head of the table during conferences. The other justices are seated in order of seniority. The senior-most associate justice sits immediately to the chief justice's right; the second most senior sits immediately to his left. The seats alternate", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433232", "text": "The act also divided the country into judicial districts, which were, in turn, organized into circuits. The justices were required to \"ride circuit,\" and hold circuit court twice a year in their assigned judicial district. Immediately after signing the Act into law, President George Washington nominated the following people to serve on the Court: John Jay for Chief Justice; plus John Rutledge, William Cushing, Robert H. Harrison, James Wilson, and John Blair Jr. as associate justices. All six were confirmed by the Senate on September 26, 1789. Harrison, however, declined to serve. In his place, Washington later nominated James Iredell.", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433365", "text": "the fact that he has only a single vote of nine on the decision whether to grant or deny certiorari. Despite the chief justice's elevated stature, his vote carries the same legal weight as the vote of each associate justice. Additionally, he has no legal authority to overrule the verdicts or interpretations of the other eight judges or tamper with them. The task of assigning who shall write the opinion for the majority falls to the most senior justice in the majority. Thus, when the chief justice is in the majority, he always assigns the opinion. Early in his tenure,", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "552726", "text": "of the Supreme Court of the United States and Justices of other courts are addressed as \"Justice (name).\" The Chief Justice of the United States is formally addressed as \"Mr. Chief Justice\" but also may be identified and addressed as \"Chief Justice (name)\". The justices of the supreme courts usually hold higher offices than any other judges in a jurisdiction, including a justice of the peace, a judge who holds police court in some jurisdictions and who may also try small claims and misdemeanors. However, the state of New York inverts this usual order. The initial trial court in this", "title": "Judge" }, { "id": "10549203", "text": "position.\" Immediately after being sworn in, she participated in her first en banc session. On August 25, 2018, De Castro was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, following the ouster of the \"de facto\" Maria Lourdes Sereno via \"quo warranto\". De Castro was one of five sitting justices who sought to nullify the appointment of Maria Lourdes Sereno as the country's top magistrate. De Castro and Sereno were both shortlisted by the Judicial and Bar Council in 2012 for the Chief Justiceship but then-President Benigno Aquino III appointed the latter to the post.", "title": "Teresita de Castro" }, { "id": "9989226", "text": "the Constitution in 1804. Adams appointed two U.S. Supreme Court associate justices during his term in office: Bushrod Washington, the nephew of American founding father and President George Washington, and Alfred Moore. After the retirement of Ellsworth due to ill health in 1800, it fell to Adams to appoint the Court's fourth Chief Justice. At the time, it was not yet certain whether Jefferson or Burr would win the election. Regardless, Adams believed that the choice should be someone \"in the full vigor of middle age\" who could counter what might be a long line of successive Republican presidents. Adams", "title": "John Adams" }, { "id": "433362", "text": "chief justice. Additionally, in December 1800, former chief justice John Jay was nominated and confirmed to the position a second time, but ultimately declined it, opening the way for the appointment of John Marshall. Along with his general responsibilities as a member of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice has several unique duties to fulfill. Article I, section 3 of the U.S. Constitution stipulates that the Chief Justice shall preside over impeachment trials of the President of the United States in the U.S. Senate. Two Chief Justices, Salmon P. Chase and William Rehnquist, have presided over the trial in the", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "6573048", "text": "at hand to participate. At this conference, each justice—in order from most to least senior—states the basis on which he or she would decide the case, and a preliminary vote is taken. Former Justice Scalia professed frustration that there is little substantive discussion, while former Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote that this makes the conference more efficient. The votes are tallied, and the responsibility for writing the opinion in the case is assigned to one of the justices; the most senior Justice voting in the majority (but always the Chief Justice if he is in the majority) makes the assignment, and", "title": "Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433363", "text": "Senate that follows an impeachment of the president – Chase in 1868 over the proceedings against President Andrew Johnson and Rehnquist in 1999 over the proceedings against President Bill Clinton. Both presidents were subsequently acquitted. Many of the Court's procedures and inner workings are governed by the rules of based on the seniority of the justices. The chief justice always ranks first in the order of precedence—regardless of the length of the officeholder's service (even if shorter than that of one or more associate justices). This elevated status has enabled successive chief justices to define and refine both the Court's", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "12658277", "text": "nominated Merrick Garland, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, to replace Antonin Scalia. On February 23, 2016, the 11 Republican members of the Senate Judiciary Committee signed a letter to Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell stating their intention to withhold consent on any nominee made by President Obama, and that no hearings would occur until after January 20, 2017, when the next president takes office. The 11 members are Committee Chair Chuck Grassley, Iowa; Orrin Hatch and Mike Lee, Utah; Jeff Sessions, Alabama; Lindsey Graham, South Carolina; John Cornyn and Ted", "title": "Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates" }, { "id": "433251", "text": "Garland; the nomination expired in January 2017, and the vacancy was later filled by President Trump's appointment of Neil Gorsuch. Once the Senate confirms a nomination, the president must prepare and sign a commission, to which the Seal of the Department of Justice must be affixed, before the new justice can take office. The seniority of an associate justice is based on the commissioning date, not the confirmation or swearing-in date. The importance of commissioning is underscored by the case of Edwin M. Stanton. Although appointed to the court on December 19, 1869 by President Ulysses S. Grant and confirmed", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "13361765", "text": "Franklin D. Roosevelt Supreme Court candidates During his twelve years in office, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed eight new members of the Supreme Court of the United States: Associate Justices Hugo Black, Stanley F. Reed, Felix Frankfurter, William O. Douglas, Frank Murphy, James F. Byrnes, Robert H. Jackson, and Wiley Blount Rutledge. Additionally, he elevated sitting Justice Harlan Fiske Stone to Chief Justice. Roosevelt's nine nominations filled eight seats on the Supreme Court because Associate Justice Byrnes resigned while Roosevelt was still in office. Roosevelt nominated Rutledge to the seat vacated by Byrnes. One of Roosevelt's most severe political defeats", "title": "Franklin D. Roosevelt Supreme Court candidates" }, { "id": "2390761", "text": "the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments. Judges used to be appointed by the president on the advice of the union cabinet. After 1993 (the Second Judges' Case), no minister, or even the executive collectively, can suggest any names to the president, who ultimately decides on appointing them from a list of names recommended only by the \"collegium\" of the judiciary. Simultaneously, as held in that judgment, the executive was given the power to reject a recommended name. However,", "title": "Supreme Court of India" }, { "id": "433253", "text": "final Senate vote since 1975 is 67 days (2.2 months), while the median is 71 days (or 2.3 months). When the Senate is in recess, a president may make temporary appointments to fill vacancies. Recess appointees hold office only until the end of the next Senate session (less than two years). The Senate must confirm the nominee for them to continue serving; of the two chief justices and eleven associate justices who have received recess appointments, only Chief Justice John Rutledge was not subsequently confirmed. No president since Dwight D. Eisenhower has made a recess appointment to the Court, and", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "19664776", "text": "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates With the advice and consent of the United States Senate, the President of the United States appoints the members of the Supreme Court of the United States, which is the highest court of the federal judiciary of the United States. Following his victory in the 2016 presidential election, Republican Donald Trump took office as president on January 20, 2017, and faced an immediate vacancy on the Supreme Court due to the February 2016 death of Associate Justice Antonin Scalia. During the 2016 campaign, Trump had released two lists of potential nominees to the Supreme Court.", "title": "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates" }, { "id": "12687880", "text": "Richard Nixon judicial appointment controversies During President Richard Nixon's presidency, federal judicial appointments played a central role. Nixon appointed four individuals to the Supreme Court of the United States in just over five and a half years. In 1969 President Richard Nixon nominated Warren E. Burger to be the new Chief Justice of the United States after the retirement of Earl Warren. Burger was quickly confirmed. However, when in the same year, he nominated Clement Haynsworth for a vacancy created by the resignation of Abe Fortas, controversy ensued. Haynsworth was rejected by the United States Senate. In 1970 Nixon nominated", "title": "Richard Nixon judicial appointment controversies" }, { "id": "3220915", "text": "Chief Justice of India The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the head of the judiciary of India and the Supreme Court of India. The CJI also heads their administrative functions. As head of the supreme court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and appointment of constitutional benches which deal with important matters of law. In accordance with Article 145 of the Constitution of India and the Supreme Court Rules of Procedure of 1966, the Chief Justice allocates all work to the other judges who are bound to refer the matter back to him or her", "title": "Chief Justice of India" }, { "id": "13928991", "text": "President to formally appoint the candidate to the court. Senate cloture rules historically required a two-thirds affirmative vote to advance nominations to a vote; this was changed to a three-fifths supermajority in 1975. In November 2013, the then-Democratic Senate majority eliminated the filibuster for executive branch nominees and judicial nominees \"except\" for Supreme Court nominees by invoking the so-called nuclear option. In April 2017, the Republican Senate majority applied the nuclear option to Supreme Court nominations as well, enabling the nominations of Trump nominees Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh to proceed to a vote. Article Two of the United States", "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "1676627", "text": "provisions of the Emergency Relief Appropriations Act. On June 15, he issued Executive Order 7075, which terminated NIRA and replaced it with the Office of Administration of the National Recovery Administration. In the years that followed, President Roosevelt replaced the outgoing judges with those more in line with his views, ultimately appointing Hugo Black, Stanley Reed, Felix Frankfurter, William O. Douglas, Frank Murphy, Robert H. Jackson and James F. Byrnes to the Court. Historically, only George Washington had equal or greater influence over Supreme Court appointments, choosing all of its original members. Justices Frankfurter, Douglas, Black, and Jackson dramatically checked", "title": "Executive order" }, { "id": "5747121", "text": "Senate; however, they are generally taken into account. The panel is composed of fifteen federal judges (but not Supreme Court Justices), including at least one from each federal judicial circuit. The body assesses the nominee \"solely to professional qualifications: integrity, professional competence and judicial temperament,\" and offers a rating of \"well qualified,\" \"qualified,\" or \"not qualified.\" On August 17, the ABA committee unanimously gave Roberts a \"well qualified\" rating. Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Arlen Specter had called for a final vote by the committee on or before September 15, but Rehnquist's death and the renomination of Roberts for Chief Justice", "title": "John Roberts Supreme Court nomination" }, { "id": "13928990", "text": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States The appointment and confirmation of Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States involves several steps set forth by the United States Constitution, which have been further refined and developed by decades of tradition. Candidates are nominated by the President of the United States and must face a series of hearings in which both the nominee and other witnesses make statements and answer questions before the Senate Judiciary Committee, which can vote to send the nomination to the full United States Senate. Confirmation by the Senate allows the", "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433272", "text": "or receive official endorsements from political parties, as is accepted practice in the legislative and executive branches. Jurists are, however, informally categorized in legal and political circles as being judicial conservatives, moderates, or liberals. Such leanings, however, generally refer to legal outlook rather than a political or legislative one. The nominations of justices are endorsed by individual politicians in the legislative branch who vote their approval or disapproval of the nominated justice. Following the confirmation of Neil Gorsuch in 2017, and prior to Anthony Kennedy's retirement in July 2018, the Court consisted of five justices appointed by Republican presidents and", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "4252670", "text": "the requirements of the Constitution and laws of the United States. In the case of the Apportionment Commission for state legislative districts, the Chief Justice alone gets to pick the final 11th member of the Commission. The court also acts as final arbiter of the inability or absence of the Governor or Lieutenant Governor, following a declaration by the Legislature. As in federal impeachment trials, in case of impeachment of the Governor, the Chief Justice presides. The Governor nominates all Justices to the Court but may choose only from among those lawyers admitted to the New Jersey bar for at", "title": "Supreme Court of New Jersey" }, { "id": "6148502", "text": "Bush appointed Miers as head of the search committee for candidates to replace O'Connor. On July 19, Bush announced that he had chosen John Roberts as O'Connor's replacement. After William Rehnquist died of complications from thyroid cancer on September 3, Bush withdrew this nomination and renominated Roberts for Chief Justice, to which he was confirmed. Meanwhile, Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nevada) recommended Miers as O'Connor's successor. Bush agreed with Reid's suggestion, factoring comments by Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Arlen Specter (R-Pennsylvania) and ranking member Patrick Leahy (D-Vermont) that Bush's nominees should be outside of the appellate court system. First", "title": "Harriet Miers Supreme Court nomination" }, { "id": "433367", "text": "his most influential power, as this enables him to influence the historical record. He \"may assign this task to the individual justice best able to hold together a fragile coalition, to an ideologically amenable colleague, or to himself.\" Opinion authors can have a big influence on the content of an opinion; two justices in the same majority, given the opportunity, might write very different majority opinions. A chief justice who knows well the associate justices can therefore do much—by the simple act of selecting the justice who writes the opinion of the court—to affect the general character or tone of", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "13929006", "text": "1925: Once the Senate confirms the nomination by an affirmative vote, the Secretary of the Senate attests to a resolution of confirmation and transmits it to the White House. The President then prepares and signs a commission, and causes the Seal of the United States Department of Justice to be affixed to the document before the new Justice can take office. The date of commission determines a Justice's seniority. A ceremony is held in which the Justice must take the Constitutional Oath, which is used for every federal and state officeholder below the President, and the Judicial Oath used for", "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "13929003", "text": "not acted on by the Senate; Eisenhower re-nominated Harlan in January 1955, and Harlan was confirmed two months later. Most recently, the Senate failed to act on President Barack Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland in March 2016 to fill the vacancy left by the death of Antonin Scalia; the nomination expired in January 2017, and the vacancy was later filled by President Donald J. Trump's appointment of Neil Gorsuch. Before 1981 the approval process of Justices was usually rapid. From the Truman through Nixon administrations, Justices were typically approved within one month. From the Reagan administration to the present, however,", "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "6572523", "text": "replace the late Justice Antonin Scalia, who died on February 13, 2016. However, the Republican-controlled Senate refused to hold hearings on Garland, and his nomination expired on January 3, 2017. On January 31, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Neil Gorsuch to replace Scalia, and he was confirmed on April 7, 2017. On July 9, 2018, President Trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh to replace the retiring Justice Anthony Kennedy. He was confirmed on October 6, 2018. History of the Supreme Court of the United States The following is a history of the Supreme Court of the United States, organized by Chief Justice.", "title": "History of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433299", "text": "on the Court of Appeals of that circuit, but over the past hundred years, this has rarely occurred. A circuit justice sitting with the Court of Appeals has seniority over the chief judge of the circuit. The chief justice has traditionally been assigned to the District of Columbia Circuit, the Fourth Circuit (which includes Maryland and Virginia, the states surrounding the District of Columbia), and since it was established, the Federal Circuit. Each associate justice is assigned to one or two judicial circuits. As of October 19, 2018, the allotment of the justices among the circuits is: Three of the", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "13361775", "text": "and books as having been considered by Roosevelt for a Supreme Court appointment: Franklin D. Roosevelt Supreme Court candidates During his twelve years in office, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed eight new members of the Supreme Court of the United States: Associate Justices Hugo Black, Stanley F. Reed, Felix Frankfurter, William O. Douglas, Frank Murphy, James F. Byrnes, Robert H. Jackson, and Wiley Blount Rutledge. Additionally, he elevated sitting Justice Harlan Fiske Stone to Chief Justice. Roosevelt's nine nominations filled eight seats on the Supreme Court because Associate Justice Byrnes resigned while Roosevelt was still in office. Roosevelt nominated Rutledge", "title": "Franklin D. Roosevelt Supreme Court candidates" }, { "id": "433357", "text": "States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside.\" Nothing more is said in the Constitution regarding the office. Article III, Section 1, which authorizes the establishment of the Supreme Court, refers to all members of the Court simply as \"judges\". The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the distinctive titles of \"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States\" and \"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States\". In 1866, at the urging of Salmon P. Chase, Congress restyled the chief justice's title to the current \"Chief Justice of the United States\". The first person whose Supreme", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "8922233", "text": "nominee, Douglas Ginsburg, withdrew before a vote. Reagan's third nominee, Anthony Kennedy, was confirmed by the Senate. Brennan retired in 1990 and Marshall in 1991, giving President George H.W. Bush the opportunity to appoint Justices David Souter and Clarence Thomas. White retired in 1993 and Blackmun retired in 1994, and President Bill Clinton appointed Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer to replace them. The composition of the Supreme Court remained unchanged for the balance of the Rehnquist era, which ended when Rehnquist died in September 2005. He was succeeded by the current Chief Justice, John Roberts, who was appointed", "title": "Rehnquist Court" }, { "id": "5172020", "text": "John Roberts John Glover Roberts Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is an American attorney serving as the 17th and current Chief Justice of the United States, since 2005. He was nominated by President George W. Bush after the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, and has been described as having a conservative judicial philosophy in his jurisprudence. Even so, Roberts has shown a willingness to work with the Supreme Court's liberal bloc and is regarded as a key swing vote on the Court. Roberts was born in Buffalo, New York, but grew up in northwest Indiana and was educated in", "title": "John Roberts" }, { "id": "6983736", "text": "Chief Justice of England and Wales, Master of the Rolls, President of the Queen's Bench Division, President of the Family Division, Chancellor of the High Court and Lords Justices of Appeal. The JAC is not responsible for selecting justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom although a lay Commissioner does sit on the selection panel. Additionally, the Lord Chancellor may request the JAC’s assistance in connection with other appointments that the Lord Chancellor considers appropriate. The JAC is a non-departmental public body which was created on 3 April 2006 through the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. It took over", "title": "Judicial Appointments Commission" }, { "id": "984912", "text": "Lists of United States Supreme Court cases This page serves as an index of lists of United States Supreme Court cases. The United States Supreme Court is the highest federal court of the United States. Court historians and other legal scholars consider each Chief Justice of the United States who presides over the Supreme Court of the United States to be the head of an era of the Court. These lists are sorted chronologically by Chief Justice and include most major cases decided by the Court. Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States are officially published in the", "title": "Lists of United States Supreme Court cases" }, { "id": "433366", "text": "Chief Justice John Marshall insisted upon holdings which the justices could unanimously back as a means to establish and build the Court's national prestige. In doing so, Marshall would often write the opinions himself, and actively discouraged dissenting opinions. Associate Justice William Johnson eventually persuaded Marshall and the rest of the Court to adopt its present practice: one justice writes an opinion for the majority, and the rest are free to write their own separate opinions or not, whether concurring or dissenting. The chief justice's formal prerogative—when in the majority—to assign which justice will write the Court's opinion is perhaps", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "3220916", "text": "(for re-allocation) in any case where they require it to be looked into by a larger bench of more judges. On the administrative side, the Chief Justice carries out the following functions: maintenance of the roster; appointment of court officials and general and miscellaneous matters relating to the supervision and functioning of the Supreme Court. It has been an unbroken convention for decades now, to appoint the senior-most judge of the supreme court as the CJI. The present CJI is Justice Ranjan Gogoi, and is the 46th CJI since January 1950, the year the Constitution came into effect and the", "title": "Chief Justice of India" }, { "id": "5521226", "text": "U.S. She is featured in \"Great (Top 100) American Judges: An Encyclopedia\" (2003), \"The Lawdragon 500 Leading Lawyers in America\" (2005), and \"The Lawdragon 500 Leading Judges in America\" (2006). She won re-election on April 7, 2009, defeating Jefferson County Circuit Court Judge Randy Koschnick. In April, 2015 voters approved an amendment to the state constitution that changed the way that the chief justice of the Supreme Court was selected. Previously the justice with the most seniority held the position, but the amendment allowed court members to choose the chief justice. On April 29, 2015, the day the vote canvass", "title": "Shirley Abrahamson" }, { "id": "433373", "text": "congressional seats, the Chief Justice and the other members of the federal judiciary are not barred from serving in other positions. Chief Justice John Jay served as a diplomat to negotiate the so-called Jay Treaty (also known as the Treaty of London of 1794), Justice Robert H. Jackson was appointed by President Truman to be the U.S. Prosecutor in the Nuremberg trials of leading Nazis, and Chief Justice Earl Warren chaired The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. As described above, the Chief Justice holds office in the Smithsonian Institution and the Library of Congress. Under , when", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "433368", "text": "an opinion, which in turn can affect the interpretation of that opinion in cases before lower courts in the years to come. Additionally, the chief justice chairs the conferences where cases are discussed and tentatively voted on by the justices. He normally speaks first and so has influence in framing the discussion. Although the chief justice votes first—the Court votes in order of seniority—he may strategically pass in order to ensure membership in the majority if desired. It is reported that: The Chief Justice typically administers the oath of office at the inauguration of the President of the United States.", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "433229", "text": "of judicial interpretation. While a far greater number of cases in recent history have been decided unanimously, decisions in cases of the highest profile have often come down to just one single vote, thereby exposing the justices' ideological beliefs that track with those philosophical or political categories. The Court meets in the Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C. Its law-enforcement arm, the United States Marshals Service, is under the oversight of the U.S. Department of Justice. It was while debating the division of powers between the legislative and executive departments that delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention established the parameters", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "17525168", "text": "whom Parker was then running against) because it contravenes the accepted principle of American jurisprudence that the U.S. Supreme Court has ultimate authority on matters of federal law. Retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor criticized Parker's op-ed in a \"Wall Street Journal\" commentary, writing that it was an inappropriate attack on fellow judges and was at odds with the Constitution's Supremacy Clause. On June 5, 2018 Parker won the Republican nomination for Chief Justice over incumbent Chief Justice Lyn Stuart, although seven current and former Alabama Supreme Court justices publicly supported Stuart over Parker in the primary. Parker", "title": "Tom Parker (judge)" }, { "id": "433273", "text": "four appointed by Democratic presidents. It is popularly accepted that Chief Justice Roberts and associate justices Thomas, Alito, and Gorsuch, appointed by Republican presidents, comprise the Court's conservative wing. Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor and Kagan, appointed by Democratic presidents, comprise the Court's liberal wing. Justice Kennedy, appointed by Republican president Reagan, was generally considered \"a conservative who has occasionally voted with liberals,\" and up until Justice Scalia's death, he was often the swing vote that determined the outcome of cases divided between the conservative and liberal wings. Gorsuch had a track record as a reliably conservative judge in the 10th", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "13928994", "text": "the highest court. Staffers send a vetting form for the candidate to fill out. They visit the candidate to go over tax records and payments to domestic help. A formal FBI background check is conducted. Candidates whom the President has never met are interviewed by White House officials before being sent to the White House to be interviewed in person by the President. After making a final decision, the President calls the candidate, who is told to prepare a statement for an appearance in front of the national press for the President's formal announcement. The nominee then meets with senators", "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "4135000", "text": "George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by President George W. Bush since before his presidency. In the summer of 2005, this speculation became newsworthy due to the announcement of the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor on July 1. President Bush announced federal appellate judge John Roberts as O'Connor's replacement on July 19. On September 5, two days after the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Bush renominated Roberts as the 17th Chief Justice of the United States. He was confirmed by the United States Senate", "title": "George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates" }, { "id": "13929008", "text": "years). To continue to serve thereafter and be compensated for his or her service, the nominee must be formally nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Of the ten Justices who have received recess appointments - two Chief Justices and eight Associate Justices - only Chief Justice John Rutledge was not subsequently confirmed for a regular appointment. No president since Dwight Eisenhower (who made three such appointments) has made a recess appointment to the Supreme Court and the practice has become highly controversial even when applied to lower federal courts. During the 110th Congress, the Democratic leadership of", "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "5282100", "text": "United States diplomatic corps. Many, but not all, of these positions at the highest levels are appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The president also nominates persons to fill federal judicial vacancies, including federal judges, such as members of the United States courts of appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court. These nominations require Senate confirmation, and this can provide a major stumbling block for presidents who wish to shape the federal judiciary in a particular ideological stance. As head of the executive branch, the president appoints the top officials for all federal", "title": "Powers of the President of the United States" }, { "id": "7655891", "text": "Tenth Circuit on May 25, 2001, and renominated him on January 7, 2003. President Bill Clinton previously had nominated Christine Arguello for the seat, but she never received a hearing or a vote from the United States Senate. Tymkovich was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 58-41 vote on April 1, 2003, and received his commission the same day. He replaced Judge John Carbone Porfilio, who took senior status. He became Chief Judge on October 1, 2015. In September 2016, Tymkovich and his circuit colleague Neil Gorsuch were named as possible U.S. Supreme Court nominees by Republican presidential", "title": "Timothy Tymkovich" }, { "id": "16923012", "text": "which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions, and its enforcement arm is in the executive rather than judicial branch of government. As established by the Judiciary Act of 1869, the Court normally consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices who are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The justices base their decisions on their interpretation of both legal doctrine and the precedential application of laws in the past. In most cases, interpreting the law is relatively", "title": "Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices" }, { "id": "5347031", "text": "appointees have a majority on four, and two federal appeals courts are equally divided between Democratic and Republican appointees. However, the party of the president who appointed a judge is not always a good indicator of that judge's judicial philosophy and place on the political spectrum. The Supreme Court of the United States was established by the Constitution of the United States. Originally, the Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of justices at six. Subsequently, the United States Congress increased the number of justices to seven in 1807, nine in 1837 and ten in 1863. The Judiciary Act of", "title": "Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts" }, { "id": "19334594", "text": "well as old quotations from Democratic senators to explain why. On March 16, 2016, President Obama nominated Merrick Garland, the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, to fill the vacant seat on the Court. At of age, Garland was the oldest Supreme Court nominee since Lewis F. Powell Jr. in 1971, who was nominated by Richard Nixon at age . In a formal Rose Garden ceremony, Obama—flanked by Garland and Vice President Joe Biden—stated: \"I have selected a nominee who is widely recognized not only as one of America's sharpest legal", "title": "Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination" }, { "id": "2390758", "text": "India. In 2010, Justice S. H. Kapadia coming from a Parsi minority community became the Chief Justice of India. In 2017, Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar became the first Sikh Chief Justice of India. Indu Malhotra is the first women justice to be selected directly from bar. The constitution seeks to ensure the independence of supreme court judges in various ways. Per of directive principles of state policy, the state shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive. Independence of the judiciary, the supremacy of the constitution and rule of law are the features of the basic structure of", "title": "Supreme Court of India" }, { "id": "19334566", "text": "a nominee before the election. Garland's nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. The nomination remained before the Senate for 293 days, the longest nomination process in the history of Supreme Court nominations. With the failure of Garland's nomination, President Donald Trump, a Republican, successfully nominated Neil Gorsuch in 2017. In 1986, President Ronald Reagan nominated D.C. Circuit Judge Antonin Scalia to the Supreme Court to fill the vacancy caused by the elevation of William Rehnquist to Chief Justice. Scalia was unanimously confirmed by the Senate and became a part of the court's conservative", "title": "Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination" }, { "id": "5566019", "text": "court includes 34 research clerks, whose function is similar to that of the clerks of the United States Supreme Court. The Chief Justice is nominated by the Cabinet and appointed to office by the Emperor. The associate justices are appointed by the Cabinet in attestation of the Emperor. After appointment, Supreme Court justices are subject to a \"people's review\": an automatic retention referendum in which the voters may remove the judge from office. A people's review occurs at the first election to the House of Representatives after a justice assumes office, when the question of whether his tenure should continue", "title": "Supreme Court of Japan" }, { "id": "14925727", "text": "of the two-thirds majority required for conviction. In 1974, Richard Nixon resigned from office after impeachment proceedings in the House Judiciary Committee indicated he would eventually be removed from office. The Constitution entrusts certain powers to the Senate alone. The President may only nominate for appointment Cabinet officials, judges, and other high officers \"by and with the advice and consent\" of the Senate. The Senate confirms most presidential nominees, but rejections are not uncommon. Furthermore, treaties negotiated by the President must be ratified by a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate to take effect. As a result, presidential arm-twisting of", "title": "U.S. Congress in relation to the president and Supreme Court" }, { "id": "13354881", "text": "Harry S. Truman Supreme Court candidates During his two terms in office, President Harry S. Truman appointed four members of the Supreme Court of the United States: Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, Associate Justice Harold Burton, Associate Justice Tom C. Clark, and Associate Justice Sherman Minton. When Supreme Court Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts retired in 1945, Truman decided to appoint a Republican as a bipartisan gesture. Truman had first met Harold Hitz Burton in 1941, when Burton was elected to the United States Senate, where Truman was then serving. Burton served with Truman on the Senate investigative committee that", "title": "Harry S. Truman Supreme Court candidates" }, { "id": "19829233", "text": "April 7, 2017, in a 54–45 vote. Prior to this nomination, the support of three-fifths of the Senate had effectively been required for the confirmation of Supreme Court nominees due to the Senate filibuster. However, the Senate's Republican majority changed the rules for the filibuster via the so-called \"nuclear option,\" and the confirmation of Supreme Court justices now requires only a simple majority vote. In June 2018, Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy, widely considered to be the key swing vote on the Supreme Court, announced his retirement. On July 9, 2018, Trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh, a judge on the D.C. Circuit", "title": "Presidency of Donald Trump" }, { "id": "17603875", "text": "Susan G. Braden Susan Gertrude Braden (born November 8, 1948) is the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims. Judge Braden was appointed to that court in 2003 by President George W. Bush. She was appointed Chief Judge by President Donald Trump on March 13, 2017. and assumed senior status on July 13, 2018. Born in Youngstown, Ohio, Braden received a Bachelor of Arts from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio in 1970, and a J.D. from the Case Western Reserve University School of Law in 1973. She also attended a post graduate course at the", "title": "Susan G. Braden" }, { "id": "6573049", "text": "can assign the responsibility to him- or herself. The justice writing the opinion for the court will produce and circulate a draft opinion to the other justices. Each justice's law clerks may be involved in this phase. In modern Supreme Court history only a few justices, such as former Justice Antonin Scalia, have regularly written their own first drafts. Once the draft opinion has been reviewed, the remaining Justices may recommend changes to the opinion. Whether these changes are accommodated depends on the legal philosophy of the drafters as well as on how strong a majority the opinion garnered at", "title": "Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433364", "text": "culture and its judicial priorities. The chief justice sets the agenda for the weekly meetings where the justices review the petitions for certiorari, to decide whether to hear or deny each case. The Supreme Court agrees to hear less than one percent of the cases petitioned to it. While associate justices may append items to the weekly agenda, in practice this initial agenda-setting power of the chief justice has significant influence over the direction of the court. Nonetheless, a chief justice's influence may be limited by circumstances and the associate justices' understanding of legal principles; it is definitely limited by", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "2933721", "text": "A judgeship on the D.C. Circuit is often thought of as a stepping-stone for appointment to the Supreme Court. , four of the nine justices on the Supreme Court are alumni of the D.C. Circuit: Chief Justice John Roberts and Associate Justices Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Brett Kavanaugh. Associate Justice Elena Kagan was nominated by President Bill Clinton to the same seat that Roberts would later fill, but was never given a vote in the Senate. In addition, Chief Justices Fred M. Vinson and Warren Burger, as well as Associate Justices Wiley Blount Rutledge and Antonin Scalia, served", "title": "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit" }, { "id": "12658261", "text": "to fill a third Supreme Court vacancy, following the February 13, 2016, death of Associate Justice Antonin Scalia. On March 16, 2016, he nominated Merrick Garland, the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit to the Court. However, Republican leaders in the Senate announced that they planned to withhold voting on any potential nominee until a new president was elected. Senate Democrats responded that there was sufficient time to vote on a nominee before the election. Consequently, no action was taken on the nomination, which expired in January 2017. During most of", "title": "Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates" }, { "id": "19664781", "text": "the new president took office. On March 16, 2016, Obama nominated then-Chief Judge Merrick Garland (of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit), to replace Scalia. After Garland's nomination, McConnell reiterated his position that the Senate would not consider any Supreme Court nomination until a new president took office. Garland's nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the 114th Senate having taken no action on the nomination. During his 2016 presidential campaign, while Garland remained before the Senate, Trump released two lists of potential nominees. On May 18, 2016, he released a short list of", "title": "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates" }, { "id": "3220920", "text": "been laid down in \"The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958\". This remuneration was revised in 2006-2008, after the sixth central pay commission's recommendation. Chief Justice of India The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the head of the judiciary of India and the Supreme Court of India. The CJI also heads their administrative functions. As head of the supreme court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and appointment of constitutional benches which deal with important matters of law. In accordance with Article 145 of the Constitution of India and the Supreme", "title": "Chief Justice of India" }, { "id": "5747119", "text": "nomination and the withdrawal of Roberts's prior nomination. On September 29, Roberts was confirmed as Chief Justice by a full Senate vote of 78–22. The 50-year-old Roberts became the youngest Chief Justice in recent history. Only John Marshall, who was 45 when he joined the court in 1801, and John Jay, appointed at age 44 in 1789, were younger. Prior to naming Roberts, Bush reportedly considered a wide range of candidates. With the death of Chief Justice Rehnquist, Bush withdrew Roberts' nomination for associate justice and renominated him for chief justice, with only a slight delay in his confirmation hearings", "title": "John Roberts Supreme Court nomination" }, { "id": "433372", "text": "oath of office to then Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson aboard the presidential airplane. In addition, the Chief Justice ordinarily administers the oath of office to newly appointed and confirmed associate justices, whereas the senior associate justice will normally swear in a new Chief Justice or vice president. Since the tenure of William Howard Taft, the office of the Chief Justice has moved beyond just first among equals. The Chief Justice also: Unlike Senators and Representatives who are constitutionally prohibited from holding any other \"office of trust or profit\" of the United States or of any state while holding their", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "id": "5747120", "text": "to allow for Rehnquist's funeral services. Former Senator Fred Thompson helped to promote Roberts' nomination. The nomination was first considered by the 18-member Senate Judiciary Committee, which voted 13–5 on September 22 to send the nomination to the full Senate. On September 29, Roberts was confirmed by the full Senate by a vote of 78–22. Hours after confirmation, he was sworn in by Associate Justice John Paul Stevens at the White House. Nominees to the Supreme Court are evaluated by the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on Federal Judiciary. The opinions of the committee bind neither the President nor the", "title": "John Roberts Supreme Court nomination" }, { "id": "16991947", "text": "the pleasure of the President. Under the new Constitution, the Chief Justice is formally appointed by the President but is selected by the Judicial Service Commission following a competitive process involving a vacancy announcement, shortlisting of applicants and interviews. In order to be appointed as the Chief Justice, a person must have at least fifteen years experience as a legal practitioner. At the end of the interviews, the Judicial Service Commission selects one individual whose name is forwarded to Parliament for vetting and approval. If Parliament gives the candidate the green light, he is then formally appointed by the President.", "title": "Chief Justice of Kenya" }, { "id": "18915217", "text": "have questioned abortion rights. Six of the eleven judges have clerked for conservative Supreme Court justices. Trump has claimed that he \"would probably appoint\" justices to the Supreme Court who \"would look very seriously\" at the Hillary Clinton email controversy \"because it's a criminal activity.\" However, under the U.S. Constitution, Supreme Court justices \"are neither investigators nor prosecutors.\" Trump has criticized Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts, a George W. Bush appointee, as a \"nightmare for conservatives,\" citing Roberts' vote in the 2015 decision in \"King v. Burwell\", which upheld provisions of the Affordable Care Act. He has", "title": "Political positions of Donald Trump" }, { "id": "433248", "text": "considers it. Rejections are relatively uncommon; the Senate has explicitly rejected twelve Supreme Court nominees, most recently Robert Bork, nominated by President Ronald Reagan in 1987. Although Senate rules do not necessarily allow a negative vote in committee to block a nomination, prior to 2017 a nomination could be blocked by filibuster once debate had begun in the full Senate. President Lyndon B. Johnson's nomination of sitting Associate Justice Abe Fortas to succeed Earl Warren as Chief Justice in 1968 was the first successful filibuster of a Supreme Court nominee. It included both Republican and Democratic senators concerned with Fortas's", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433268", "text": "right to left in order of seniority, with the most junior justice occupying the last seat. During Court sessions, justices sit according to seniority, with the chief justice in the center and associate justices on alternating sides, with the most senior associate justice on the chief justice's immediate right, and the most junior associate justice seated on the left farthest away from the chief justice. Therefore, the current court sits as follows from left to right, from the perspective of those facing the Court: Gorsuch, Sotomayor, Breyer, Thomas (most senior associate justice), Roberts (chief justice), Ginsburg, Alito, Kagan, and Kavanaugh.", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "433260", "text": "of a chief justice, currently John Roberts, and eight associate justices. Among the current members of the Court, Clarence Thomas is the longest-serving justice, with a tenure of days () as of ; the most recent justice to join the court is Brett Kavanaugh, whose tenure began on October 6, 2018. This graphical timeline depicts the length of each current Supreme Court justice's tenure (not seniority) on the Court: The Court currently has six male and three female justices. Among the nine justices, there is one African-American (Justice Thomas) and one Hispanic (Justice Sotomayor). Two of the justices were born", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "13929011", "text": "indefinite tenure, the timing of future vacancies is unpredictable. Sometimes vacancies arise in quick succession: in September 1971, associate justices Hugo Black and John Marshall Harlan II both retired, producing two vacancies which were filled in January 1972 by Lewis Powell and William Rehnquist, respectively. On the other hand, sometimes several years pass between consecutive vacancies. In August 1994, Harry Blackmun's retirement created a vacancy which was filled by Stephen Breyer. No further vacancy would occur on the Court until September 2005 when Rehnquist, since promoted to chief justice, died. This vacancy was filled by current chief justice John Roberts.", "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "100709", "text": "another would have been available for the asking.\" Eisenhower appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States: Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren \"represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "id": "6563648", "text": "Court from 1937–2017: <nowiki>*</nowiki> The vote on Fortas for the Chief Justice position was on cloture and failed to receive the necessary two-thirds majority. A highlighted row indicates that the Justice is currently serving on the Court. A Senate vote in red text indicates that the nomination was blocked. Segal–Cover score A Segal–Cover score is an attempt to measure the \"perceived qualifications and ideology\" of nominees to the United States Supreme Court. The scores are created by analyzing pre-confirmation newspaper editorials regarding the nominations from \"The New York Times\", \"Washington Post\", \"Chicago Tribune\", \"Los Angeles Times\", \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\", and", "title": "Segal–Cover score" }, { "id": "9675200", "text": "also receives letters of recommendation and other background information on the candidates. Once the interviews are complete, the commission enters into discussion to reduce the list to the top six to eight nominees. Then the commission votes by secret ballot until a list of three nominees is chosen by majority vote to submit to the Governor. The governor then selects one of the three from the Commission's list to become a justice. If the Governor fails to make an appointment within 60 days the choice is then made by the Chief Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court. After the first", "title": "Kansas Supreme Court" }, { "id": "13928992", "text": "Constitution requires the President of the United States to nominate Supreme Court Justices and, with Senate confirmation, requires Justices to be appointed. This was for the division of power between the President and Senate by the founders, who wrote: he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court... Upon the election of a new President, incoming White House staff prepare profiles of possible candidates for the Supreme Court, considering not only judges but also politicians and other individuals whom they consider appropriate for the role. Besides considering", "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "13567052", "text": "Warren G. Harding Supreme Court candidates During his time in office, President Warren G. Harding appointed four members of the Supreme Court of the United States: Chief Justice William Howard Taft, and Associate Justices George Sutherland, Pierce Butler, and Edward Terry Sanford. On June 30, 1921, following the death of Chief Justice Edward Douglass White, President Warren G. Harding nominated former President William Howard Taft to take his place, thereby fulfilling Taft's lifelong ambition to become Chief Justice of the United States. There was little opposition to the nomination, and the Senate approved him 60-4 in a secret session on", "title": "Warren G. Harding Supreme Court candidates" }, { "id": "433247", "text": "or to reject a nominee depending on whether their track record aligns with the group's views. The Senate Judiciary Committee conducts hearings and votes on whether the nomination should go to the full Senate with a positive, negative or neutral report. The committee's practice of personally interviewing nominees is relatively recent. The first nominee to appear before the committee was Harlan Fiske Stone in 1925, who sought to quell concerns about his links to Wall Street, and the modern practice of questioning began with John Marshall Harlan II in 1955. Once the committee reports out the nomination, the full Senate", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" } ]

[ "Professional Plus", "Professional" ]

[ { "id": "16615252", "text": "Microsoft Office 2013 Microsoft Office 2013 (codenamed Office 15) is a version of Microsoft Office, a productivity suite for Microsoft Windows. It is the successor to Microsoft Office 2010 and the predecessor to Microsoft Office 2016. It includes extended file format support, user interface updates and support for touch among its new features. Office 2013 is suitable for IA-32 and x64 systems and requires Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 or a later version of either. A version of Office 2013 comes included on Windows RT devices. Mainstream support ended on April 10, 2018. Extended support ends on April 11,", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "16615271", "text": "64 MB of video memory (in case of absence of the required hardware, however, Office 2013 applications can still run without graphics acceleration.) Microsoft Office 2013 Microsoft Office 2013 (codenamed Office 15) is a version of Microsoft Office, a productivity suite for Microsoft Windows. It is the successor to Microsoft Office 2010 and the predecessor to Microsoft Office 2016. It includes extended file format support, user interface updates and support for touch among its new features. Office 2013 is suitable for IA-32 and x64 systems and requires Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 or a later version of either. A", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "16615253", "text": "2023. Development on this version of Microsoft Office was started in 2010 and ended on October 11, 2012, when Microsoft Office 2013 was released to manufacturing. Microsoft released Office 2013 to general availability on January 29, 2013. This version includes new features such as integration support for online services (including OneDrive, Outlook.com, Skype, Yammer and Flickr), improved format support for Office Open XML (OOXML), OpenDocument (ODF) and Portable Document Format (PDF) and support for multi-touch interfaces. Microsoft Office 2013 comes in twelve different editions, including three editions for retail outlets, two editions for volume licensing channel, five subscription-based editions available", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "281010", "text": "Office 95, Microsoft Access 7.0 (a.k.a. \"Access 95\") became part of the Microsoft Office Professional Suite, joining Microsoft Excel, Word, and PowerPoint and transitioning from Access Basic to VBA. Since then, Microsoft has released new versions of Microsoft Access with each release of Microsoft Office. This includes Access 97 (version 8.0), Access 2000 (version 9.0), Access 2002 (version 10.0), Access 2003 (version 11.5), Access 2007 (version 12.0), Access 2010 (version 14.0), and Access 2013 (version 15.0). Versions 3.0 and 3.5 of Microsoft Jet database engine (used by Access 7.0 and the later-released Access 97 respectively) had a critical issue which", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "18547303", "text": "Microsoft Office 2016 Microsoft Office 2016 (codenamed Office 16) is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite, succeeding both Office 2013 and Office for Mac 2011, and preceding Office 2019 for both platforms. It was released on macOS on July 9, 2015 and on Microsoft Windows on September 22, 2015 for Office 365 subscribers. Mainstream support ends on October 13, 2020, and extended support ends on October 14, 2025. The perpetually licensed version on macOS and Windows was released on September 22, 2015. Since its successor Office 2019 only supports Windows 10 or Windows Server 2016, this is the", "title": "Microsoft Office 2016" }, { "id": "16615256", "text": "October 24, 2012. On November 15, 2012, 60-days trial versions of Microsoft Office 2013 Professional Plus, Project Professional 2013 and Visio Professional 2013 were made available to the public over the Internet. Microsoft has released Office 2013 for general availability on January 29, 2013. Microsoft released the service pack 1 update on February 25, 2014. Office 2013 is more cloud-based than previous versions; a domain login, Office 365 account, or Microsoft account can now be used to sync Office application settings (including recent documents) between devices, and users can also save documents directly to their OneDrive account. Microsoft Office 2013", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "16615255", "text": "Office 2010. On January 30, 2012, Microsoft released a technical preview of Office 15, build 3612.1010, to a selected group of testers bound by non-disclosure agreements. On July 16, 2012, Microsoft held a press conference to showcase Office 2013 and to release the \"Consumer Preview\". The Office 2013 Consumer Preview is a free, fully functional version but will expire 60 days after the final product's release. An update was issued for the Office 2013 Customer Preview suite on October 5. Office 2013 was released to manufacturing on October 11, 2012. It was made available to TechNet and MSDN subscribers on", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "270343", "text": "and was made available to TechNet and MSDN subscribers for download. On November 15, 2012, the 60-day trial version was released for public download. Office 2013 was released to general availability on January 29, 2013. Service Pack 1 for Office 2013 was released on February 25, 2014. On January 22, 2015, the Microsoft Office blog announced that the next version of the suite for Windows desktop, Office 2016, was in development. On May 4, 2015, a public preview of Microsoft Office 2016 was released. Office 2016 was released for Mac OS X on July 9, 2015 and for Windows on", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "281031", "text": "highly improved. The 2013 edition of Microsoft Access introduced a mostly flat design and the ability to install apps from the Office Store, but it did not introduce new features. The theme was partially updated again for 2016, but no dark theme was created for Access. ASP.NET web forms can query a Microsoft Access database, retrieve records and display them on the browser. SharePoint Server 2010 via Access Services allows for Access 2010 databases to be published to SharePoint, thus enabling multiple users to interact with the database application from any standards-compliant Web browser. Access Web databases published to SharePoint", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "16615262", "text": "the license may be moved sooner. The first user of the product is now also allowed to transfer it to another user. The second difference, which remains in the updated licensing agreement, is that the software can be installed on only one computer. In previous versions of Office, this restriction also applied only to OEM editions; retail Office license agreements allowed installing the product on two or three computers, depending on the edition. As with previous versions, Office 2013 is made available in several distinct editions aimed towards different markets. All traditional editions of Microsoft Office 2013 contain Word, Excel,", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "281055", "text": "formats: There are no Access versions between 2.0 and 7.0 because the Office 95 version was launched with Word 7. All of the Office 95 products have OLE 2 capabilities, and Access 7 shows that it was compatible with Word 7. Version number 13 was skipped. Microsoft Access Microsoft Access is a database management system (DBMS) from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold separately. Microsoft Access stores data in", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "270341", "text": "preview of Microsoft Office 2013 (Build 15.0.3612.1010) was released on January 30, 2012, and a Customer Preview version was made available to consumers on July 16, 2012. It sports a revamped application interface; the interface is based on Metro, the interface of Windows Phone and Windows 8. Microsoft Outlook has received the most pronounced changes so far; for example, the Metro interface provides a new visualization for scheduled tasks. PowerPoint includes more templates and transition effects, and OneNote includes a new splash screen. On May 16, 2011, new images of Office 15 were revealed, showing Excel with a tool for", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "18547308", "text": "as a manual, one-time update from the Microsoft Office website. All versions following 15.25 will be 64-bit only. Office for Mac received Touch Bar support in an update on February 16, 2017, following the launch of the 2016 MacBook Pro models. As with previous versions, Office 2016 is made available in several distinct editions aimed towards different markets. All traditional editions of Microsoft Office 2016 contain Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote and are licensed for use on one computer. Five traditional editions of Office 2016 were released for Windows: Three traditional editions of Office 2016 were released for Mac: The", "title": "Microsoft Office 2016" }, { "id": "16615269", "text": "365 and SkyDrive), a separated OneNote app with additional features (such as voice notes and integration with the new \"Rooms\" functionality of the OS), and improved document editing and viewing functionality. In June 2013, Microsoft released a version of Office Mobile for iPhone; it is similar to the Windows Phone version, but originally requires an Office 365 subscription to use. A version for Android smartphones was released in July 2013; it, too, originally needed Office 365 for use. Apps for iPad and Android tablet computers were released in March 2014 and January 2015, respectively. These, along with their smartphone equivalents,", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "281033", "text": "to data stored in other applications and databases. Microsoft Office Access 2007 and newer can import from or link to: Microsoft offers free runtime versions of Microsoft Access which allow users to run an Access desktop application without needing to purchase or install a retail version of Microsoft Access. This allows Access developers to create databases that can be freely distributed to an unlimited number of end-users. These runtime versions of Access 2007 and later can be downloaded for free from Microsoft. The runtime versions for Access 2003 and earlier were part of the Office Developer Extensions/Toolkit and required a", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "18547304", "text": "last version of Microsoft Office compatible with Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2012 R2. New features in the Windows release include the ability to create, open, edit, and save files in the cloud straight from the desktop, a new search tool for commands available in Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Outlook and Access named \"Tell Me\", more \"Send As\" options in Word and PowerPoint, and co-authoring in real time with users connected to Office Online. Other smaller features include Insights, a feature powered by Bing to provide contextual information from the", "title": "Microsoft Office 2016" }, { "id": "16615270", "text": "have been made free for personal use, though certain premium features have been paywalled and require Office 365, which includes licensing of the apps for business use. Windows 10 Mobile that was released in December 2015 included new Office apps, more in line with their iPhone and Android equivalent, and making use of the \"universal app\" platform pioneered with Windows 10. Each Microsoft Office 2013 application has the following requirements, although there may be app-specific requirements. In addition to these, graphics hardware acceleration requires a screen resolution of 1024×576 pixels or larger and a DirectX 10-compliant GPU with at least", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "16615257", "text": "includes updated support for ISO/IEC 29500, the International Standard version of Office Open XML (OOXML) file format: in particular it supports saving in the \"Strict\" profile of ISO/IEC 29500 (Office Open XML Strict). It also supports OASIS version 1.2 of ISO/IEC 26300:2006, Open Document Format, which Office 2013 can read and write. Additionally, Office 2013 provides full read, write, and edit support for ISO 32000 (PDF). New features include a new read mode in Microsoft Word, a presentation mode in Microsoft PowerPoint and improved touch and inking in all of the Office programs. Microsoft Word can also insert video and", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "16615254", "text": "through Microsoft Office 365 program, the web application edition known as Office Web Apps and the Office RT edition made for tablets and mobile devices. Office Web Apps are available free of charge on the web although enterprises may obtain on-premises installations for a price. Microsoft Office applications may be obtained individually; this includes Microsoft Visio, Microsoft Project and Microsoft SharePoint Designer which are not included in any of the twelve editions. On February 25, 2014, Microsoft Office 2013 Service Pack 1 (SP1) was released. Development started in 2010 while Microsoft was finishing work on Office 14, released as Microsoft", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "270354", "text": "support for older versions of OS X and only keeping support for 64-bit-only versions of OS X, these versions of OneNote and Outlook are 32-bit applications like their predecessors. The first Preview version of Microsoft Office 2016 for Mac was released on March 5, 2015. On July 9, 2015, Microsoft released the final version of Microsoft Office 2016 for Mac which includes Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook and OneNote. It was immediately made available for Office 365 subscribers with either a Home, Personal, Business, Business Premium, E3 or ProPlus subscription. A non-Office 365 edition of Office 2016 was made available as", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "18547311", "text": "from Office 2013 are available as well, though no new backgrounds have been added, nor have any existing backgrounds been removed. A fourth \"black\" theme was added as part of an update in January 2016. The update was not released to users of the traditional editions. On the 13th of November 2018 a report initiated by the Government of the Netherlands showed that Microsoft Office 2016 and Office 365 do not comply with the GDPR, the European statute on privacy. Microsoft Office 2016 Microsoft Office 2016 (codenamed Office 16) is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite, succeeding both", "title": "Microsoft Office 2016" }, { "id": "16615264", "text": "Home Premium plan. These new subscription offerings were positioned as a new option for consumers wanting a cost-effective way to purchase and use Office on multiple computers in their household. A special version of Office 2013, initially known as Office 2013 Home & Student RT, is shipped with all Windows RT devices. It initially consisted of Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote. In Windows RT 8.1, the suite was renamed Office 2013 RT and Outlook was added. The edition, whilst visually indistinguishable from normal versions of Office 2013, contains special optimizations for ARM-based devices, such as changes to reduce battery usage", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "281044", "text": "newer operating systems. This issue severely affects query performance on both Access 2003 and earlier with the Jet Database Engine code, as well as Access 2007 and later with the Access Database Engine (ACE). Microsoft has issued hotfixes KB2553029 for Access 2007 and KB2553116 for Access 2010, but will not fix the issue with Jet 4.0 as it is out of mainstream support. In earlier versions of Microsoft Access, the ability to distribute applications required the purchase of the Developer Toolkit; in Access 2007, 2010 and Access 2013 the \"Runtime Only\" version is offered as a free download, making the", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "16615258", "text": "audio from online sources as well as the capability to broadcast documents on the Web. Word and PowerPoint also have bookmark-like features which sync the position of the document between different computers. The Office Web Apps suite was also updated for Office 2013, introducing additional editing features and interface changes. Other features of Office 2013 include: The following features are removed from Microsoft Office 2013. Unlike past versions of Office, retail copies of Office 2013 on DVD are only offered in select regions, such as those Microsoft classifies as emerging markets, as well as Australia, at the discretion of retailers.", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "270146", "text": "parallel and XLL add‑ins were only executed in parallel if they were thread-safe and this was indicated at registration. Included in Office 2010, this is the next major version after v12.0, as version number 13 was skipped. Minor enhancements and 64-bit support, including the following: Included in Office 2013, along with a lot of new tools included in this release: Included in Office 2016, along with a lot of new tools included in this release: Excel offers many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic spreadsheets; however, the essence remains the same as in the original spreadsheet software, VisiCalc: the", "title": "Microsoft Excel" }, { "id": "16615268", "text": "for use on tablets. The OneNote app has since received several major updates, including camera integration, printing abilities, and multiple inking options. Universal Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint apps for Windows 10 are in the preview stage and are set for release later in 2015. Windows Phone 8 ships with an updated version of the Office Mobile suite, consisting of mobile versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote. In comparison to their Windows Phone 7 versions, the new versions add an improved Office Hub interface that can sync recently opened and modified documents (including changes to documents stored via Office", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "20361785", "text": "Microsoft Office 2019 Microsoft Office 2019 is the current version of Microsoft Office, a productivity suite, succeeding Office 2016. It was released to general availability for Windows 10 and for macOS on September 24, 2018. Some features that had previously been restricted to Office 365 subscribers are available in this release. On April 27, 2018, Microsoft released Office 2019 Commercial Preview for Windows 10. On June 12, 2018, Microsoft released a preview for macOS. Office 2019 includes many of the features previously published via Office 365, along with improved inking features, new animation features in PowerPoint including the morph and", "title": "Microsoft Office 2019" }, { "id": "270340", "text": "2010 (Office 14.0, because Microsoft skipped 13.0) was finalized on April 15, 2010 and made available to consumers on June 15, 2010. The main features of Office 2010 include the backstage file menu, new collaboration tools, a customizable ribbon, protected view and a navigation panel. This is the first version to ship in 32-bit and 64-bit variants. Microsoft Office 2010 featured a new logo, which resembled the 2007 logo, except in gold, and with a modification in shape. Microsoft released Service Pack 1 for Office 2010 on June 28, 2011 and Service Pack 2 on July 16, 2013. A technical", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "281004", "text": "Microsoft Access Microsoft Access is a database management system (DBMS) from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold separately. Microsoft Access stores data in its own format based on the Access Jet Database Engine. It can also import or link directly to data stored in other applications and databases. Software developers, data architects and power users can use Microsoft Access to develop application software. Like other Microsoft Office applications, Access", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "16615265", "text": "(including, for example, freezing the animation of the blinking cursor for text editing during periods of inactivity), enabling touch mode by default to improve usability on tablets, and using the graphics portion of a device's SoC for hardware acceleration. Windows RT devices on launch were shipped with a \"preview\" version of Office Home & Student 2013 RT. The release date for the final version varied depending on the user’s language, and was distributed through Windows Update when released. On June 5, 2013, Microsoft announced that Windows RT 8.1 would add Outlook to the suite in response to public demand. Office", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "281032", "text": "Server can use standard objects such as tables, queries, forms, macros, and reports. Access Services stores those objects in SharePoint. Access 2013 offers the ability to publish Access web solutions on SharePoint 2013. Rather than using SharePoint lists as its data source, Access 2013 uses an actual SQL Server database hosted by SharePoint or SQL Azure. This offers a true relational database with referential integrity, scalability, maintainability, and extensibility compared to the SharePoint views Access 2010 used. The macro language is enhanced to support more sophisticated programming logic and database level automation. Microsoft Access can also import or link directly", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "4011821", "text": "Windows XP and Vista. Microsoft Project 2013 was the first to contain Modern UI-based look. Microsoft Project 2016 is the last to support Windows 7 and Windows 8(.1) Microsoft Project 2019 runs only on Windows 10, and it contains features carried over from Office 365. Versions for Windows were released in 1990 (v1.0), 1992 (v3.0), 1993 (v4.0), 1995 (Project 95, v4.1a), Project 98 (v8.0), Project 98 SR-1 (1999), Project 2000 (v9.0), Project 2000 SR-1 (2001), Project 2002 (v10.0), Project 2003 (v11.0), Project 2007 (v12.0), Project 2010 (v14.0), Project 2013 (v15.0) and Project 2016 (v16.0). There was no Version 2 on", "title": "Microsoft Project" }, { "id": "270332", "text": "had existed since the first release in 1989, was addressed in the 2016 version. On the 13th of November 2018 a report initiated by the Government of the Netherlands showed that Microsoft Office 2016 and Office 365 do not comply with the GDPR, the European statute on privacy. Microsoft Office for Windows started in October 1990 as a bundle of three applications designed for Microsoft Windows 3.0: Microsoft Word for Windows 1.1, Microsoft Excel for Windows 2.0, and Microsoft PowerPoint for Windows 2.0. Microsoft Office for Windows 1.5 updated the suite with Microsoft Excel 3.0. Version 1.6 added Microsoft Mail", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "16615263", "text": "PowerPoint and OneNote and are licensed for use on one computer. Five traditional editions of Office 2013 were released: The Office 365 subscription services, which were previously aimed towards business and enterprise users, were expanded for Office 2013 to include new plans aimed at home use. The subscriptions allow use of the Office 2013 applications by multiple users using a software as a service model. Different plans are available for Office 365, some of which also include value-added services, such as 20 GB of OneDrive storage (later increased to 1 TB) and 60 Skype minutes per month on the new", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "20361788", "text": "server apps have the traditional MSI installer. Office 2019 will receive five years of mainstream support, but unlike Office 2016 which gets five years of extended support, Office 2019 only gets two. Mainstream support ends on October 10, 2023, while extended support ends on October 14, 2025. Microsoft Office 2019 Microsoft Office 2019 is the current version of Microsoft Office, a productivity suite, succeeding Office 2016. It was released to general availability for Windows 10 and for macOS on September 24, 2018. Some features that had previously been restricted to Office 365 subscribers are available in this release. On April", "title": "Microsoft Office 2019" }, { "id": "9716208", "text": "Microsoft Office 2010 Microsoft Office 2010 (codenamed Office 14) is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite for Microsoft Windows. Office 2010 was released to manufacturing on April 15, 2010, and was later made available for retail and online purchase on June 15, 2010. It is the successor to Office 2007 and the predecessor to Office 2013. Research and development of Office 2010 began in 2006, before the release of its predecessor. Office 2010 introduces user interface enhancements including a Backstage view that consolidates document management tasks into a single location. The ribbon introduced in Office 2007 for Access,", "title": "Microsoft Office 2010" }, { "id": "18547306", "text": "earlier versions of Microsoft Office, such as 2003, 2007, and 2010. Microsoft requires that any 2013 versions be uninstalled, which it will offer to do automatically, before the 2016 versions can be installed. Despite not supporting Windows XP anymore, tooltips for various ribbon items (e.g. Paragraph, Font, Footnotes or Page Setup) still show screenshots of Office on Windows XP. New features in the Mac release include an updated user interface that uses ribbons, full support for Retina Display, and new sharing features for Office documents. In Word, there is a new Design tab, an Insights feature, which is powered by", "title": "Microsoft Office 2016" }, { "id": "9716269", "text": "and Office 2007 at 74% and 72%, respectively. In a 2013 survey, Office 2010 was the dominant productivity suite when compared to previous versions and competitors' offerings with a total of 85% usage share among the 155 enterprise survey respondents. Microsoft Office 2010 Microsoft Office 2010 (codenamed Office 14) is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite for Microsoft Windows. Office 2010 was released to manufacturing on April 15, 2010, and was later made available for retail and online purchase on June 15, 2010. It is the successor to Office 2007 and the predecessor to Office 2013. Research and", "title": "Microsoft Office 2010" }, { "id": "281015", "text": "in actual SQL Server databases. Unlike SharePoint lists, this offers true relational database design with referential integrity, scalability, extensibility and performance one would expect from SQL Server. The database solutions that can be created on SharePoint 2013 offer a modern user interface designed to display multiple levels of relationships that can be viewed and edited, along with resizing for different devices and support for touch. The Access 2013 desktop is similar to Access 2010 but several features were discontinued including support for Access Data Projects (ADPs), pivot tables, pivot charts, Access data collections, source code control, replication, and other legacy", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "270327", "text": "stay supported. Microsoft supports Office for the Windows and macOS platforms, as well as mobile versions for Windows Phone, Android and iOS platforms. Beginning with Mac Office 4.2, the macOS and Windows versions of Office share the same file format, and are interoperable. Visual Basic for Applications support was dropped in Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac, then reintroduced in Office for Mac 2011. Microsoft tried in the mid-1990s to port Office to RISC processors such as NEC/MIPS and IBM/PowerPC, but they met problems such as memory access being hampered by data structure alignment requirements. Microsoft Word 97 and Excel 97", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "281025", "text": "2013 can create web applications directly in SharePoint 2013 sites running Access Services. Access 2013 web solutions store its data in an underlying SQL Server database which is much more scalable and robust than the Access 2010 version which used SharePoint lists to store its data. A compiled version of an Access database (File extensions: .MDE /ACCDE or .ADE; ACCDE only works with Access 2007 or later) can be created to prevent user from accessing the design surfaces to modify module code, forms, and reports. An MDE or ADE file is a Microsoft Access database file with all modules compiled", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "270315", "text": "\"very similar\" to each other, whereas the Windows Phone version provides a \"richer, more integrated experience\". Office Mobile for iPhone was released on June 14, 2013 in the United States. Support for 135 markets and 27 languages was rolled out over a few days. It requires iOS 8 or later. Although the app also works on iPad devices, excluding the first generation, it is designed for a small screen. Office Mobile was released for Android phones on July 31, 2013 in the United States. Support for 117 markets and 33 languages was added gradually over several weeks. It is supported", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "270342", "text": "filtering data in a timeline, the ability to convert Roman numerals to Arabic numerals, and the integration of advanced trigonometric functions. In Word, the capability of inserting video and audio online as well as the broadcasting of documents on the Web were implemented. Microsoft has promised support for Office Open XML Strict starting with version 15, a format Microsoft has submitted to the ISO for interoperability with other office suites, and to aid adoption in the public sector. This version can read and write ODF 1.2 (Windows only). On October 24, 2012, Office 2013 Professional Plus was released to manufacturing", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "270316", "text": "on Android 4.0 and later. Office Mobile for both iPhone and Android, available for free from the App Store and Google Play Store respectively, initially required a qualifying Office 365 subscription to activate, but in March 2014, with the release of Office for iPad, the apps were updated making them fully free for home use, although a subscription is still required for business use. On March 27, 2014, Microsoft released Word, Excel and PowerPoint for iPad. On November 6, 2014, Microsoft released updated versions of Word, Excel and PowerPoint for iPhone. On January 29, 2015, Microsoft released Word, Excel and", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "6060227", "text": "Microsoft Office 2007 Microsoft Office 2007 (codenamed Office 12) is a version of Microsoft Office, a family of office suites and productivity software for Windows, developed and published by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on November 3, 2006; it was subsequently made available to volume license customers on November 30, 2006, and later to retail on January 30, 2007, the same respective release dates of Windows Vista. It was preceded by Office 2003 and succeeded by Office 2010. Office 2007 introduced a new graphical user interface called the \"Fluent User Interface\", which uses ribbons and an Office menu instead", "title": "Microsoft Office 2007" }, { "id": "13351048", "text": "Library to Microsoft Foundation Class Library resulting in better performance and the database was re-written to use the Microsoft Jet Database Engine. Since then, modules have been added (an image editing module in 2000 and a presentation module in 2004) but the architecture has broadly remained the same with the step to a fully Unicode version being made in 2008. Ability Office is 100% C++, entirely 32-bit and uses the Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 compiler. New version 7 Word Processor, Spreadsheet, Presentation, Database, Photo-editor. Microsoft Office 2013 style interface ,Switch interfaces between traditional toolbar mode and ribbon style ,Support for", "title": "Ability Office" }, { "id": "270350", "text": "G5 or Intel processor as a requirement. It was notable for supporting Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which is unavailable in Office 2008. This led Microsoft to extend support for Office 2004 from October 13, 2009 to January 10, 2012. VBA functionality was reintroduced in Office 2011, which is only compatible with Intel processors. Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac was released on January 15, 2008. It was the only Office for Mac suite to be compiled as an universal binary, being the first to feature native Intel support and the last to feature PowerPC support for G4 and G5 processors,", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "270317", "text": "PowerPoint for Android tablets. On June 24, 2015, Microsoft released updated versions of Word, Excel and Powerpoint for Android phones. The Android version is also supported on certain Chrome OS machines. In January 2015, Microsoft unveiled updated universal app versions of the Office applications for Windows 10 devices—including PCs, tablets and smartphones—that are based upon the previously released Android and iOS apps. Office Mobile is or was also available, though no longer supported, on Windows Mobile, Windows Phone and Symbian. There is also Office RT, a touch-optimized version of the standard desktop Office suite, pre-installed on Windows RT. Most versions", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "16921917", "text": "but the number of SHA-1 conversions has doubled to 100,000 further increasing password recovery speed. Office 2013 (Access, Excel, OneNote, PowerPoint, Project, and Word) uses 128-bit AES, again with hash algorithm SHA-1 by default. Office 2016 (Access, Excel, OneNote, PowerPoint, Project, and Word) uses 256-bit AES, the SHA-1 hash algorithm, and CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) by default. The protection for worksheets and macros is necessarily weaker than that for the entire workbook as the software itself must be able to display or use them. In Excel it is particularly weak, and an equivalent password can easily be found of the", "title": "Microsoft Office password protection" }, { "id": "281039", "text": "greatly enhanced Microsoft SharePoint interface and tools, as well as on traditional Windows desktops. In common with other products in the Microsoft Office suite, the other programming language used in Access is Microsoft VBA. It is similar to Visual Basic 6.0 (VB6) and code can be stored in modules, classes, and code behind forms and reports. To create a richer, more efficient and maintainable finished product with good error handling, most professional Access applications are developed using the VBA programming language rather than macros, except where web deployment is a business requirement. To manipulate data in tables and queries in", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "270333", "text": "for PC Networks 2.1 to the bundle. Microsoft Office 3.0, also called Microsoft Office 92, was released on August 30, 1992 and contained Word 2.0, Excel 4.0, PowerPoint 3.0 and Mail 3.0. It was the first version of Office also released on CD-ROM. In 1993, The Microsoft Office Professional was released, which added Microsoft Access 1.1. Microsoft Office 4.0 was released containing Word 6.0, Excel 4.0a, PowerPoint 3.0 and Mail in 1993. Word's version number jumped from 2.0 to 6.0 so that it would have the same version number as the MS-DOS and Macintosh versions (Excel and PowerPoint were already", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "9716210", "text": "mobile productivity suite, was released on May 12, 2010 as a free upgrade from the Windows Phone Store for Windows Mobile 6.5 devices with a previous version of Office Mobile installed. Office 2010 is the first version of Office to ship in two variants for IA-32 and x64, but the x64 version is not compatible with Windows XP or Windows Server 2003. It is also the first version to require product activation for volume license editions. It is the last version of Office compatible with Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 as its successor, Office", "title": "Microsoft Office 2010" }, { "id": "270313", "text": "Office Business Applications brand. On July 10, 2012, Softpedia reported that Office is used by over a billion people worldwide. Office is produced in several versions targeted towards different end-users and computing environments. The original, and most widely used version, is the desktop version, available for PCs running the Windows and macOS operating systems. The current desktop version is Office 2019 for Windows and macOS, released on September 24, 2018. More recently, Microsoft developed Office Mobile, which are free-to-use versions of Office applications for mobile devices. Microsoft also produces and runs Office Online, a web-based version of core Office apps,", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "10974112", "text": "add the document-level customizations or other functionality (actions pane, host controls, visual document designer, etc.) available in the full version of VSTO or Team System editions. The current version is Visual Studio Tools for Office 2012 (VSTO 4.5) which is compatible with Office 2016, Office 2013, Office 2010, and Office 2007. Like VBA, code written for VSTO is executed by a separate virtual machine (the CLR) which is hosted inside the Microsoft Office applications. However, unlike VBA, where the code is stored in the document file itself, programs written with VSTO are stored in separate CLI assemblies which are associated", "title": "Visual Studio Tools for Office" }, { "id": "6060235", "text": "User Interface\", has been implemented in the core Microsoft Office applications: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, and in the item inspector used to create or edit individual items in Outlook. These applications have been selected for the UI overhaul because they center around document authoring. The rest of the applications in the suite changed to the new UI in subsequent versions. The default font used in this edition is Calibri. Original prototypes of the new user interface were revealed at MIX 2008 in Las Vegas. The Office 2007 button, located on the top-left of the window, replaces the File menu and", "title": "Microsoft Office 2007" }, { "id": "20361787", "text": "Office 365 subscribers, not perpetual Office 2019 licensees. The Office 2019 user interface retains the Metro design language from Office 2016, except that the Microsoft account picture is circular. Office 2019 requires Windows 10, Windows Server 2019 or macOS Sierra. macOS installations can be acquired from the Microsoft website but Microsoft will make Office available through the Mac App Store in 2018. For Office 2013 and 2016, various editions containing the client apps were available in both Click-To-Run (Microsoft App-V) and traditional Windows Installer setup formats. For Office 2019, the client apps only have a Click-to-Run installer and only the", "title": "Microsoft Office 2019" }, { "id": "281014", "text": "Automation was only through the macro language (not VBA) which Access automatically converted to JavaScript. The data was no longer in an Access database but SharePoint lists. An Access desktop database could link to the SharePoint data, so hybrid applications were possible so that SharePoint users needing basic views and edits could be supported while the more sophisticated, traditional solutions could remain in the desktop Access database. Microsoft Access 2013 offers traditional Access desktop solutions plus a significantly updated SharePoint 2013 web solution. The Access Web model in Access 2010 was replaced by a new architecture that stores its data", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "281026", "text": "and all editable source code removed. Both the .MDE and .ADE versions of an Access database are used when end-user modifications are not allowed or when the application’s source code should be kept confidential. Microsoft also offers developer extensions for download to help distribute Access 2007 applications, create database templates, and integrate source code control with Microsoft Visual SourceSafe. Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports, and connect them together with macros. Advanced users can use VBA to write rich solutions with advanced data manipulation and user control. Access also has report creation features that can work with any", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "12623736", "text": "contained the following applications: There were no downloadable service packs or service releases for Office for Windows 95. Instead, two updated versions, 7.0a and 7.0b were released to fix bugs in the application. The updates could be ordered from Microsoft Support. A downloadable update was released in 1999 to address minor year 2000 problems. All support for Microsoft Office 95 ended on December 31, 2001, the same day as Windows 95. Versions of Microsoft Jet database engine, 3.0 and 3.5 used by Access for Windows 95 (Access 7.0) and the later released, Access 97 respectively, had a critical issue which", "title": "Microsoft Office 95" }, { "id": "10685721", "text": "for Applications, which made Microsoft extend the support period by an additional 27 months for their older Office 2004. Microsoft ultimately shipped support for Visual Basic in Microsoft Office 2011 for Mac, which also dropped PowerPC support altogether. As of January 10, 2012, support for Office 2004 for Mac has ended: no further updates or support will be provided from Microsoft. Microsoft Office for Mac 2004 is available in three editions: Standard, Professional, and Student and Teacher. All three editions include Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Entourage. The Professional Edition adds Virtual PC. The Student and Teacher Edition cannot be upgraded,", "title": "Office 2004 for Mac" }, { "id": "270344", "text": "September 22, 2015. On September 26, 2017, Microsoft announced that the next version of the suite for Windows desktop, Office 2019, was in development. On April 27, 2018, Microsoft released Office 2019 Commercial Preview for Windows 10. Prior to packaging its various office-type Mac OS software applications into Office, Microsoft released Mac versions of Word 1.0 in 1984, the first year of the Macintosh computer; Excel 1.0 in 1985; and PowerPoint 1.0 in 1987. Microsoft does not include its Access database application in Office for Mac. Microsoft has noted that some features are added to Office for Mac before they", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "16615259", "text": "In all other regions, retail copies of Office 2013 and Office 365 subscriptions only contain a product key, and direct users to the Office website to redeem their license and download the software. The original license agreement for retail editions of Microsoft Office 2013 was different from the license agreements of retail editions of previous versions of Microsoft Office in two significant ways. The first of these was that the software could no longer be transferred to another computer. In previous versions of Office, this restriction applied only to OEM editions; retail Office license agreements allowed uninstalling from one computer", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "270339", "text": "It is the first version to use new, more colorful icons. Outlook 2003 provides improved functionality in many areas, including Kerberos authentication, RPC over HTTP, Cached Exchange Mode, and an improved junk mail filter. Microsoft Office 2007 (Office 12.0) was released in 2007. Office 2007's new features include a new graphical user interface called the Fluent User Interface, replacing the menus and toolbars that have been the cornerstone of Office since its inception with a tabbed toolbar, known as the Ribbon; new XML-based file formats called Office Open XML; and the inclusion of Groove, a collaborative software application. Microsoft Office", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "11097588", "text": "exists a Windows Registry option to allow users to disable the all-caps interface. The preview for Visual Studio 2013 was announced at the Build 2013 conference and made available on 26 June 2013. The Visual Studio 2013 RC (Release Candidate) was made available to developers on MSDN on 9 September 2013. The final release of Visual Studio 2013 became available for download on 17 October 2013 along with .NET 4.5.1. Visual Studio 2013 officially launched on 13 November 2013 at a virtual launch event keynoted by S. Somasegar and hosted on . \"Visual Studio 2013 Update 1\" (Visual Studio 2013.1)", "title": "Microsoft Visual Studio" }, { "id": "2813132", "text": "interface in Visio 2010. Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access and Outlook (to some extents) had already adopted the ribbon with the release of Microsoft Office 2007. There are no Visio versions 7, 8, or 9, because after Microsoft acquired and branded Visio as a Microsoft Office product, the Visio version numbers followed the Office version numbers. Version 13 was skipped due to triskaidekaphobia. Visio does not have a Mac OS X version, which has led to the growth of several third party applications which can open and edit Visio files on Mac. On 7 May 2001, Microsoft introduced \"Visio Enterprise", "title": "Microsoft Visio" }, { "id": "15006601", "text": "that began in October 2010, Microsoft launched Office 365 on June 28, 2011, as a successor to (BPOS), originally aimed at corporate users. With the release of Microsoft Office 2013, Microsoft expanded Office 365 to include new plans aimed at different types of businesses, along with new plans aimed at general consumers, including benefits tailored towards Microsoft consumer services such as OneDrive (whose integration with Office was a major feature of the 2013 suite). In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, Office 365 revenue overtook that of conventional license sales of Microsoft Office software for the first time. Microsoft", "title": "Office 365" }, { "id": "270321", "text": "rights to the formats technology under the Open Specification Promise and has made available free downloadable converters for previous versions of Microsoft Office including Office 2003, Office XP, Office 2000 and Office 2004 for Mac OS X. Third-party implementations of Office Open XML exist on the Windows platform (LibreOffice, all platforms), macOS platform (iWork '08, NeoOffice, LibreOffice) and Linux (LibreOffice and OpenOffice.org 3.0). In addition, Office 2010, Service Pack 2 for Office 2007, and Office 2016 for Mac supports the OpenDocument Format (ODF) for opening and saving documents. Microsoft provides the ability to remove metadata from Office documents. This was", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "11097589", "text": "was released on 20 January 2014. Visual Studio 2013.1 is a targeted update that addresses some key areas of customer feedback. \"Visual Studio 2013 Update 2\" (Visual Studio 2013.2) was released on 12 May 2014. Visual Studio 2013 Update 3 was released on 4 August 2014. With this update, Visual Studio provides an option to disable the all-caps menus, which was introduced in VS2012. \"Visual Studio 2013 Update 4\" (Visual Studio 2013.4) was released on 12 November 2014. \"Visual Studio 2013 Update 5\" (Visual Studio 2013.5) was released on 20 July 2015. Initially referred to as Visual Studio \"14\", the", "title": "Microsoft Visual Studio" }, { "id": "281034", "text": "separate purchase. The runtime version allows users to view, edit and delete data, along with running queries, forms, reports, macros and VBA module code. The runtime version does not allow users to change the design of Microsoft Access tables, queries, forms, reports, macros or module code. The runtime versions are similar to their corresponding full version of Access and usually compatible with earlier versions; for example Access Runtime 2010 allows a user to run an Access application made with the 2010 version as well as 2007 through 2000. Due to deprecated features in Access 2013, its runtime version is also", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "16615266", "text": "RT modifies or excludes other various features for compatibility reasons or resource reduction. To save disk space; templates, clip art, and language packs are downloaded online rather than stored locally. Other excluded features include the removal of support for third-party code such as macros/VBA/ActiveX controls, the removal of support for older media formats and narration in PowerPoint, editing of equations generated with the legacy Equation Editor, data models in Excel (PivotCharts, PivotTables, and QueryTables are unaffected), searching embedded media files in OneNote, along with data loss prevention, Group Policy support, and creating e-mails with information rights management in Outlook. As", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "9586972", "text": "2013, NV Access introduced a restructured method of reviewing screen text, and introduced a facility to manage profiles for applications, as well as improving access to Microsoft Office and other office suites in 2014. In 2015, NVDA gained support for MathML through MathPlayer, along with improved support for Mintty, the desktop client for Skype, and charts in Microsoft Excel, and the ability to lower background audio was introduced in 2016. Also in 2015, NVDA became one of the first screen readers to support Windows 10 and added support for Microsoft Edge in an experimental capacity. NVDA uses eSpeak as its", "title": "NonVisual Desktop Access" }, { "id": "5196671", "text": "essence provides a 64-bit version of Jet. The driver is not part of the Windows operating system, but is available as a redistributable. The engine in Microsoft Access 2013 discontinued support for Access 95, Access 97 and xBase files, and it also discontinued support for replication. Version 1608 of Microsoft Access 2016 restored support for xBase files, and Version 1703 introduced a Large Number data type. From a data access technology standpoint, Jet is considered a deprecated technology by Microsoft, but Microsoft continues to support ACE as part of Microsoft Access. Microsoft provides the JET drivers only for Microsoft Windows.", "title": "Microsoft Jet Database Engine" }, { "id": "15006603", "text": "plan offered Exchange e-mail, SharePoint Online, Lync Online, web hosting via SharePoint, and the Office Web Apps, with the enterprise plan also adding per-user licenses for the Office 2010 Professional Plus software and 24/7 phone support. Following the official launch of the service, Business Productivity Online Suite customers were given 12 months to plan and perform their migration from BPOS to the Office 365 platform. With the release of Office 2013, an updated version of the Office 365 platform was launched on February 27, 2013. The server components were updated to their respective 2013 versions, and Microsoft expanded the Office", "title": "Office 365" }, { "id": "2813126", "text": "Microsoft Visio Microsoft Visio ( ) (formerly Microsoft Office Visio) is a diagramming and vector graphics application and is part of the Microsoft Office family. The product was first introduced in 1992, made by the Shapeware Corporation. It was acquired by Microsoft in 2000. Microsoft made Visio 2013 for Windows available in two editions: Standard and Professional. The Standard and Professional editions share the same interface, but the Professional edition has additional templates for more advanced diagrams and layouts, as well as capabilities intended to make it easy for users to connect their diagrams to data sources and to display", "title": "Microsoft Visio" }, { "id": "270349", "text": "for Office v. X ended on January 9, 2007 after the release of the final update, 10.1.9 Office v.X includes Word X, Excel X, PowerPoint X, Entourage X, MSN Messenger for Mac and Windows Media Player 9 for Mac; it was the last version of Office for Mac to include Internet Explorer for Mac. Microsoft Office 2004 for Mac was released on May 11, 2004. It includes Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Entourage and Virtual PC. It is the final version of Office to be built exclusively for PowerPC and to officially support G3 processors, as its sequel lists a G4,", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "5576778", "text": "released in October 2001 through Microsoft's website. A refresh release was issued in April 2002 through the release of Windows XP and through Microsoft's website. Version 2.7 was available in U.S. English, Chinese (Traditional and Simplified), German, Japanese, Korean, Brazilian Portuguese, Czech, Danish, Greek, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Finnish, French, Hungarian, Italian, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Swedish, and Turkish. Hebrew and Arabic were only available through Windows XP. The main feature change was support for Microsoft's 64-bit operating system, however support for Banyan VINES was also dropped from this version of MDAC. There were several known issues: MDAC 2.7 continued", "title": "Microsoft Data Access Components" }, { "id": "281020", "text": "Access and allow users to enhance a database with predefined tables, queries, forms, reports, and macros. Database templates support VBA code but Microsoft's templates do not include VBA code. Programmers can create solutions using VBA, which is similar to Visual Basic 6.0 (VB6) and used throughout the Microsoft Office programs such as Excel, Word, Outlook and PowerPoint. Most VB6 code, including the use of Windows API calls, can be used in VBA. Power users and developers can extend basic end-user solutions to a professional solution with advanced automation, data validation, error trapping, and multi-user support. The number of simultaneous users", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "6060233", "text": "the beta download ended. Office 2007 was released to volume licensing customers on November 30, 2006, and to the general public on January 30, 2007. Mainstream support ended on October 9, 2012. Extended support ended on October 10, 2017. Since the initial release of Microsoft Office 2007, three service packs containing updates as well as additional features have been released. Microsoft Office 2007 Service Packs are cumulative, so previous Service Packs are not a prerequisite for installation. Microsoft Office 2007 Service Pack 1 was released on December 11, 2007. Official documentation claims that SP1 is not simply a rollup of", "title": "Microsoft Office 2007" }, { "id": "15021036", "text": "Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite for Mac OS X. It is the successor to Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac. Office 2011 was followed by Microsoft Office 2016 for Mac released on September 22, 2015, requiring a Mac with an x64 Intel processor and OS X Yosemite or later. Microsoft Office 2011 includes more robust enterprise support and greater feature parity with the Windows edition. Its interface is now more similar to Office 2007 and 2010 for Windows, with the addition of the ribbon. Support for Visual", "title": "Microsoft Office for Mac 2011" }, { "id": "270274", "text": "Microsoft Word Microsoft Word (or simply Word) is a word processor developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, 1983 under the name \"Multi-Tool Word\" for Xenix systems. Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (1985), AT&T Unix PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1994), and macOS (formerly OS X; 2001). Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office, Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite. Microsoft", "title": "Microsoft Word" }, { "id": "270319", "text": "and later. In 2012, Office 2013 replicated the flat, box-like design of Windows 8. Users of Microsoft Office may access external data via connection-specifications saved in Office Data Connection (.odc) files. Both Windows and Office use service packs to update software. Office had non-cumulative service releases, which were discontinued after Office 2000 Service Release 1. Past versions of Office often contained Easter eggs. For example, Excel 97 contained a reasonably functional flight-simulator. Office XP and later do not have any Easter eggs, in compliance with Trustworthy Computing guidelines. Microsoft Office prior to Office 2007 used proprietary file formats based on", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "9716255", "text": "available through a Speak feature, which can be accessed separately from the Mini Translator (e.g., added to the ribbon), but it can only be activated if a text-to-speech engine that matches the language of the selected text is installed. Users can download various text-to-speech engines from Microsoft. The Speak feature is not available when Office 2010 is installed on Windows XP. Office Starter 2010 is an ad-supported product that was discontinued in June 2012, before the release of Office 2013 and Windows 8. It included Word Starter and Excel Starter, reduced-functionality versions for viewing, editing, and creating documents. Office Starter", "title": "Microsoft Office 2010" }, { "id": "9586973", "text": "integrated speech synthesizer. It also supports the Microsoft Speech platform synthesiser, ETI Eloquence and also supports SAPI synthesizers. Output to braille displays is supported officially from Version 0.6p3 onwards. Besides general Windows functionality, NVDA works with software such as Microsoft office applications, WordPad, Notepad, Internet Explorer, google chrome, etc. It supports the basic functions of Outlook Express, Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and Microsoft Excel. The free office suites LibreOffice and OpenOffice.org are supported by way of the Java Access Bridge package. NVDA also supports Mozilla Firefox (version 3 or higher). Since early 2009, NVDA supports the WAIARIA standard for Accessible", "title": "NonVisual Desktop Access" }, { "id": "270334", "text": "numbered the same as the Macintosh versions). Microsoft Office 4.2 for Windows NT was released in 1994 for i386, Alpha, MIPS and PowerPC architectures, containing Word 6.0 and Excel 5.0 (both 32-bit, PowerPoint 4.0 (16-bit), and Microsoft Office Manager 4.2 (the precursor to the Office Shortcut Bar)). Microsoft Office 95 was released on August 24, 1995. Software version numbers were altered again to create parity across the suite—every program was called version 7.0 meaning all but Word missed out versions. It was designed as a fully 32-bit version to match Windows 95. Office 95 was available in two versions, Office", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "16615267", "text": "the version of Office RT included on Windows RT devices is based off the Home & Student version, it cannot be used for \"commercial, nonprofit, or revenue-generating activities\" unless the organization has a volume license for Office 2013 already, or the user has an Office 365 subscription with commercial use rights. Alongside Office RT, free versions of OneNote and the Lync client were made available as Windows Store apps upon the release of Windows 8 and RT. The OneNote app, originally known as \"OneNote MX\", contains a limited feature set in comparison to its desktop version, but is also optimized", "title": "Microsoft Office 2013" }, { "id": "4290291", "text": "menu bar and toolbars across all programs, as well as the last version to include the \"97 - 2003\" file format as the default. It is compatible with Windows 2000 (although administrative privileges are required to be installed) and Windows XP but not with Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, or Windows ME. It is the last version of Office compatible with Windows 2000. Microsoft released a total of three service packs for Office 2003 throughout its lifecycle. Service Pack 1 was released on July 27, 2004, Service Pack 2 was released on September 27, 2005, and Service Pack 3 was", "title": "Microsoft Office 2003" }, { "id": "281051", "text": "another technology such as ASP.NET or Java once the data is converted. However any migration may dictate major effort since the Access SQL language is a more powerful superset of standard SQL. Further, Access application procedures, whether VBA and macros, are written at a relatively higher level versus the currently available alternatives that are both robust and comprehensive. Note that the Access macro language, allowing an even higher level of abstraction than VBA, was significantly enhanced in Access 2010 and again in Access 2013. In many cases, developers build direct web-to-data interfaces using ASP.NET, while keeping major business automation processes,", "title": "Microsoft Access" }, { "id": "270314", "text": "which is included as part of a Microsoft account. Unless stated otherwise, desktop applications are available for Windows and macOS. Office Mobile includes the scaled-down and touch-optimised versions of Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Other Office applications such as OneNote, Lync and Outlook are available as standalone apps. It is supported on Android, iOS, Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile. Office Mobile enables users to save and access documents on OneDrive, OneDrive for Business, and SharePoint. Additionally, the Windows Phone version also allows users to save files locally on the device. According to Microsoft, Office Mobile for iPhone and Android are", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "173214", "text": "to the public on September 4, 2012. Windows 8 went on sale October 26, 2012. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 were released on October 17, 2013. Windows 8.1 is available as an update in the Windows store for Windows 8 users only and also available to download for clean installation. The update adds new options for resizing the live tiles on the Start screen. Windows 10, codenamed Threshold (Later Redstone), is the current release of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Unveiled on September 30, 2014, it was released on July 29, 2015. It was distributed without charge to", "title": "Microsoft Windows version history" }, { "id": "4859560", "text": "Microsoft Project Pro 2013; and Microsoft Project Pro 2013 only connects to Project Server 2013. The Project Server 2016 release looks largely similar to the 2013 version, but Microsoft Project Server Microsoft Office Project Server is a project management server solution made by Microsoft since 2000. It uses Microsoft SharePoint as its foundation, and supports interface from either Microsoft Project (Professional edition) as a client application or by web browser connecting to its Project Web App (PWA) component. Microsoft extends the capabilities of Microsoft Project with Project Server and \"Project Web App\" (PWA, formerly \"Project Web Access\"). Microsoft Project Server", "title": "Microsoft Project Server" }, { "id": "1498265", "text": "not have a Project Manager equivalent to that in Entourage. With Service Pack 1 (v 14.1.0), published on April 12, 2011, Outlook can now sync calendar, notes and tasks with Exchange 2007 and Exchange 2010. On October 31, 2014, Microsoft released Outlook for Mac (v15.3 build 141024) with Office 365 (a software as a service licensing program that makes Office programs available as soon as they are developed). Outlook for Mac 15.3 improves upon its predecessors with: In January 2015, Microsoft released Outlook for phones and for tablets (v1.3 build) with Office 365. This was the first Outlook for these", "title": "Microsoft Outlook" }, { "id": "5576773", "text": "OLE DB 1.5 SDK, and the OLE DB for OLAP Specification. It also had included many updates to the core product, including a security feature added to the RDS which prevented it from being used maliciously an IIS server. This version came included in Windows NT 4.0 SP4, and also with Visual Studio 6.0, which came with the full Data Access SDK. MDAC 2.1 was distributed with SQL Server 7.0 and SQL Server 6.5 SP5. MDAC 2.1 SP1 was distributed with Internet Explorer 5 and MDAC 2.1 SP1a (GA) was distributed with Microsoft Office 2000, BackOffice 4.5 and Visual Studio", "title": "Microsoft Data Access Components" }, { "id": "5196670", "text": "Jet engine, so it could read and write (.mdb) files from earlier Access versions. It introduced a new default file format, (.accdb), that brought several improvements to Access, including complex data types such as multivalue fields, the attachment data type and history tracking in memo fields. It also brought security changes and encryption improvements and enabled integration with Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 and Microsoft Office Outlook 2007. The engine in Microsoft Access 2010 discontinued support for Access 1.0, Access 2.0, Lotus 1-2-3 and Paradox files. A 64-bit version of Access 2010 and its ACE Driver/Provider was introduced, which in", "title": "Microsoft Jet Database Engine" }, { "id": "8679605", "text": "2016, OneDrive for Business 2016, Skype for Business 2016, Power BI and Dynamics CRM. A mobile version of Lync can be downloaded in Google Play, iOS App Store, and Windows Phone Store. SharePoint Newsfeed can be downloaded in the iOS App Store, Windows Phone Store, and Windows Store (for Windows 8) but is unavailable for Android. On January 29, 2015, Acompli, a mobile personal information manager app and startup for iOS and Android which was acquired by Microsoft in December 2014, was re-branded as Outlook Mobile. A mobile version of Sway is available for iOS. Apps for Windows Phone and", "title": "Microsoft Office mobile apps" }, { "id": "1498262", "text": "their own custom software that works with Outlook and Office components using Microsoft Visual Studio. In addition, Windows Phone devices can synchronize almost all Outlook data to Outlook Mobile. Microsoft Outlook has replaced Microsoft's previous scheduling and mail programs, Schedule+ and Exchange Client. Versions of Microsoft Outlook include: Outlook 98 and Outlook 2000 offer two configurations: Outlook 2002 introduced the following new features: Outlook 2003 introduced the following new features: Features that debuted in Outlook 2007 include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2010 include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2013, which was released on January 29, 2013, include: Features that", "title": "Microsoft Outlook" }, { "id": "270347", "text": "Excel 5.0, PowerPoint 4.0 and Mail 3.2. It was the first Office suite for Power Macintosh. Its user interface was identical to Office 4.2 for Windows leading many customers to comment that it wasn't Mac-like enough. The final release for Mac 68K was Office 4.2.1, which updated Word to version 6.0.1, somewhat improving performance. Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition was unveiled at MacWorld Expo/San Francisco in 1998. It introduced the Internet Explorer 4.0 web browser and Outlook Express, an Internet e-mail client and usenet newsgroup reader. Office 98 was re-engineered by Microsoft's Macintosh Business Unit to satisfy customers' desire for", "title": "Microsoft Office" }, { "id": "18547307", "text": "Bing, and real-time co-authoring. In Excel, there is a Recommended Charts feature, and PivotTable Slicers. In PowerPoint, there are theme variants, which provide different color schemes for a theme. In Outlook, there is a Propose New Time feature, the ability to see calendars side by side, and a weather forecast in the calendar view. Outlook 2016 for Mac has very limited support for synchronization of collaboration services outside basic email. With version 15.25, Office for Mac transitioned from 32-bit to 64-bit by default. Users that require a 32-bit version for compatibility reasons will be able to download the 15.25 version", "title": "Microsoft Office 2016" }, { "id": "9716212", "text": "end on October 13, 2020. Development started in 2007 while Microsoft was finishing work on Office 12, released as Microsoft Office 2007. The version number 13 was skipped because of the fear of the number 13. It was previously thought that Office 2010 (then called Office 14) would ship in the first half of 2009. On April 15, 2009, Microsoft confirmed that Office 2010 would be released in the first half of 2010. They announced on May 12, 2009, at a Tech Ed event, a trial version of the 64-bit edition. The Technical Preview 1 (Version: 14.0.4006.1010) was leaked on", "title": "Microsoft Office 2010" }, { "id": "15006612", "text": "for Office 365 also include access to the current versions of the Office desktop applications for both Windows (Office 2016) and OS X (Office for Mac 2016) for the period of the subscription. In the case of Office 2016 on Windows, it is installed using a \"click-to-run\" system which allows users to begin using the applications almost instantaneously while files are streamed in the background. Updates to the software are installed automatically, covering both security updates and major new versions of Office. If an Office 365 subscription lapses, the applications enter a read-only mode where editing functionality is disabled. Full", "title": "Office 365" }, { "id": "4290300", "text": "3.1 and Windows 95. Office XP is compatible with Windows NT 4.0 SP6, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows XP; and Windows Vista. It is the last version to support Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, and Windows ME, as its successor, Office 2003, does not support these operating systems. Microsoft released three service packs for Office XP during its lifetime. Mainstream support for Office XP ended on July 11, 2006 and extended support ended on July 12, 2011. Office XP received mostly positive reviews upon its release, with critics praising its collaboration features, document protection and recovery functionality, and", "title": "Microsoft Office XP" } ]

[ "June 27" ]

[ { "id": "5007084", "text": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help Our Lady of Perpetual Help (also known as Our Lady of Perpetual Succour) is a Roman Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary as represented in a celebrated 15th-century Byzantine icon also associated with the same Marian apparition. The icon originated from the Keras Kardiotissas Monastery and has been in Rome since 1499. Today it is permanently enshrined in the Church of Saint Alphonsus, where the official Novena to Our Mother of Perpetual Help text is prayed weekly. On 23 June 1867, Pope Pius IX granted the image its Canonical Coronation along with its present", "title": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help" }, { "id": "7804101", "text": "Our Lady of the Rosary Our Lady of the Rosary, also known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary in relation to the Rosary. The Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, formerly known as Our Lady of Victory and Feast of the Holy Rosary, is a feast day of the Roman Catholic Church, celebrated on 7 October, the anniversary of the decisive victory of the combined fleet of the Holy League of 1571 over the Ottoman navy at the Battle of Lepanto. According to Dominican tradition, in 1206, St. Dominic was", "title": "Our Lady of the Rosary" }, { "id": "11925932", "text": "Lady of Victory (later renamed Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary) was based on the 1571 victory of the Papal States against the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Lepanto, is hence unique to Roman Catholics. The most prominent Marian feast days in the General Roman Calendar are: Note: Solemnities and feasts are in bold face. Memorials are in the regular face. Optional Marian memorials in the General Roman Calendar are: Note: There are many more Marian commemorations celebrated in various localities, but not included in the General Roman Calendar. During the month of May, May devotions to the", "title": "Marian feast days" }, { "id": "18917568", "text": "also made the size of the mother disproportionate to that of her son to emphasise the significance of Mary in the icon. The Greek inscriptions read MP-ΘΥ (Μήτηρ Θεοῦ, Mother of God), ΟΑΜ (Ὁ Ἀρχάγγελος Μιχαήλ, Michael the Archangel), ΟΑΓ (Ὁ Ἀρχάγγελος Γαβριήλ, Gabriel the Archangel) and IC-XC (Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, Jesus Christ), respectively. The feast day of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is on 27 June and the church celebrates its own feast day on 27 June if it falls on a Sunday, or around that date, depending on the scheduling of other events. Each year, a different theme is", "title": "Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour" }, { "id": "8308775", "text": "Our Lady of Prompt Succor Our Lady of Prompt Succor () is a Roman Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a wooden devotional image enshrined in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America. The famed image is closely associated with Mother Saint Michel, the Superior of the New Orleans Ursulines. Pope Pius IX authorised the public devotion to the Marian title on 21 September 1851 and designated the 8th of January as its feast day of thanksgiving. Pope Leo XIII granted a Canonical Coronation to the image through Archbishop Francis Janssens on 10 November 1895. The image", "title": "Our Lady of Prompt Succor" }, { "id": "11739299", "text": "a Canonical Coronation to the image on 22 April 1926, while Pope Benedict XVI raised her sanctuary in equal indulgences to Basilica of Saint Mary Major on 21 June 2011. Under this Marian title, the Blessed Virgin Mary is invoked as patroness of the sick, helpless and needy, The Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary of Manaoag is celebrated on two feast days: the third Wednesday after Easter and first Sunday of October. Tradition holds the town of Manaoag was derived from the Pangasinense verb \"mantaoag\", which means \"to call\" (from the root \"taoag\", \"call\"). The statue of Our", "title": "Our Lady of Manaoag" }, { "id": "5007103", "text": "earthquake relief through Archbishop Louis Kébreau. Our Lady of Perpetual Help is also the patroness of the Diocese of Salina, Kansas in the United States, of the Diocese of Middlesbrough in England, and of the Catholic Diocese of Issele-Uku in Nigeria. Our Lady of Perpetual Help Our Lady of Perpetual Help (also known as Our Lady of Perpetual Succour) is a Roman Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary as represented in a celebrated 15th-century Byzantine icon also associated with the same Marian apparition. The icon originated from the Keras Kardiotissas Monastery and has been in Rome since 1499. Today", "title": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help" }, { "id": "881369", "text": "shrines at Walsingham: the Roman Catholic shrine centered on the Slipper Chapel and the Holy House maintained by the Church of England. There are also two separate feast days: September 24 in the Roman Catholic Church and October 15 in the Anglican Communion. According to Dominican tradition, Our Lady of the Rosary appeared to Saint Dominic in 1208 in the church of Prouille, in France and presented him with the rosary as a weapon against heresy. The Bollandists, on trying to trace to its source the origin of the tradition, found that all the clues converged upon one point, the", "title": "Marian apparition" }, { "id": "18917566", "text": "of the Blessed Virgin Mary as represented in a Byzantine icon from the 15th Century. The icon has been in Rome since 1499, and is permanently enshrined in the church of Sant'Alfonso di Liguori. In the image, Mother Mary wears a dress of dark red that represents the Passion of Jesus, a blue mantle that represents her virginity, and a cloaked veil, which represents her pure modesty. She is looking towards the faithful, while pointing at her son, Jesus Christ, who seems frightened by the instruments of crucifixion while a sandal slips off his foot. The angel on the left", "title": "Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour" }, { "id": "3759545", "text": "in 1814, Pope Pius VII extended the celebration to the whole of the Latin Church. It was assigned to the third Sunday in September. In 1913, Pope Pius X moved the feast to September 15, the day after the Feast of the Cross. It is still observed on that date. In 1969 the Passion Week celebration was removed from the General Roman Calendar as a duplicate of the feast on 15 September. Each of the two celebrations had been called a feast of \"The Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary\" (Latin: \"Septem Dolorum Beatae Mariae Virginis\") and included recitation", "title": "Our Lady of Sorrows" }, { "id": "7804106", "text": "Our Lady of Victory in thanks for the Catholic victory over the Albigensians at the Battle of Muret on September 12, 1213. In thanksgiving for victory at the Battle of Bouvines in July 1214, Philip Augustus of France founded the Abbey of Notre Dame de la Victoire, between Senlis and Mont l'Evêque. In 1573, Pope Gregory XIII changed the title of the \"Feast of Our Lady of Victory\" to \"Feast of the Holy Rosary\", to be celebrated on the first Sunday of October. Dominican friar Juan Lopez in his 1584 book on the rosary states that the feast of the", "title": "Our Lady of the Rosary" }, { "id": "11925924", "text": "Marian feast days Marian feast days are specific holy days of the liturgical year recognized by Christians as significant Marian days for the celebration of events in the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary and her veneration. The number of Marian feasts celebrated, their names (and at times dates) can vary among Christian denominations. The earliest feasts that relate to Mary grew out of the cycle of feasts that celebrated the Nativity of Jesus. Given that according to the Gospel of Luke (), forty days after the birth of Jesus, along with the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple, Mary", "title": "Marian feast days" }, { "id": "11925931", "text": "also vary, e.g. for the Eastern Orthodox the feast is preceded by the 14-day Dormition Fast. Feasts continue to be developed, e.g. the feast of the Queenship of Mary was declared in the 1954 in the papal encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam by pope Pius XII. The initial ceremony for this feast involved the crowning of the Salus Populi Romani icon of the Virgin Mary in Rome by Pius XII as part of a procession in Rome, and is unique to Roman Catholics. Other differences in feasts relate to specific events that occurred in history. For instance, the Feast of Our", "title": "Marian feast days" }, { "id": "5007085", "text": "title. The Redemptorist Congregation of priest and brothers they are the only religious order currently entrusted by the Holy See to protect and propagate a Marian religious work of art. In the Eastern Orthodox Church iconography, the image is known as the \"”Virgin Theotokos of the Passion\"” due to the instruments of the Passion of Jesus Christ present on the image. The feast day of the image is celebrated on June 27, with novena devotions held every Wednesday. Under Pope Pius XII's Pontificate, the image was designated as the national Patroness of the Republic of Haiti and Almoradi, Spain. In", "title": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help" }, { "id": "3759544", "text": "Friday before Palm Sunday. By a Decree of 22 April 1727, Pope Benedict XIII extended it to the entire Latin Church, under the title \"Septem dolorum B.M.V.\". In 1954, it still held the rank of major double (slightly lower than the rank of the September feast) in the General Roman Calendar. Pope John XXIII's 1960 Code of Rubrics reduced it to the level of a commemoration. In 1668 a second, separate feast was granted to the Servites, for the third Sunday in September. Its object of the seven dolours of Mary. By inserting the feast into the General Roman Calendar", "title": "Our Lady of Sorrows" }, { "id": "881370", "text": "preaching of the Dominican Alan de Rupe about the years 1470-75. \"Though Mary’s giving of the rosary to Saint Dominic is recognized as a legend, the development of this prayer form owes much to the followers of Saint Dominic.\" In 1571 Pope Pius V instituted \"Our Lady of Victory\" as an annual feast to commemorate the victory of Lepanto, the victory being attributed to Our Lady. In 1969, Pope Paul VI changed the name of the feast to Our Lady of the Rosary. In 1917, Our Lady reportedly appeared over several months to several young shepherds in Fátima Portugal reportedly", "title": "Marian apparition" }, { "id": "658964", "text": "mentioned in the Roman Martyrology for that day. Observed by Roman Catholics and some Anglicans on August 15, which is the same as the Eastern and Orthodox feast of the Dormition, the end of the earthly life of the Virgin Mary and, for some, her bodily Assumption into heaven, is celebrated. The Roman Catholic teaching on this feast was defined as dogma on November 1, 1950 by Pope Pius XII in the Papal Bull, \"Munificentissimus Deus\". In other Anglican and Lutheran traditions, as well as a few others, August 15 is celebrated as St. Mary, Mother of the Lord. \"Liturgical", "title": "Liturgical year" }, { "id": "5007099", "text": "who introduced the icon and its devotion to the Philippines in the early 1900s. The Filipino Diaspora continue keeping the Wednesday Novena, holding novena services in their respective parishes overseas. In Saint John the Baptist Parish, Garcia Hernandez, Bohol, the feast of the image is held on April 27 instead of the usual liturgical date. The 48 sub-chapels in the parish participate in the annual feast, while every 27th month has each chapel's respective congregations holding a procession of the icon. This form of the devotion began in 1923 when two missionary priests, a Dutchman named Thomas and a German", "title": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help" }, { "id": "1847111", "text": "Our Lady of Fátima Our Lady of Fátima (, formally known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of Fátima, ), is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary based on the famed Marian apparitions reported in 1917 by three shepherd children at the Cova da Iria, in Fátima, Portugal. The three children were Lúcia dos Santos and her cousins Francisco and Jacinta Marto. Bishop José Alves Correia da Silva declared the events \"worthy of belief\" on 13 October 1930. On 13 May 1946, Pope Pius XII granted a canonical coronation to the venerated image enshrined at the Chapel", "title": "Our Lady of Fátima" }, { "id": "11925936", "text": "\"Thomaskantor\" in Leipzig, three Marian feasts were observed for which he composed church cantatas: Comprehensive List of Marian Feasts Marian feast days Marian feast days are specific holy days of the liturgical year recognized by Christians as significant Marian days for the celebration of events in the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary and her veneration. The number of Marian feasts celebrated, their names (and at times dates) can vary among Christian denominations. The earliest feasts that relate to Mary grew out of the cycle of feasts that celebrated the Nativity of Jesus. Given that according to the Gospel of", "title": "Marian feast days" }, { "id": "19880711", "text": "the sacraments, Cardinal Robert Sarah. The coronation was held on 31 May 2017. With Reverend Francisco M. De Leon, D.D as the mass celebrant, and Archbishop Orlando Cardinal Quevedo as the crowning prelate in behalf of Pope Francis The feast day of the image is celebrated every September 9 and is known for holding annually the parade of rice cakes with singing and dancing In honor of the image. Our Lady of Aranzazu Our Lady of Aranzazu (Spanish: \"Nuestra Señora de Aranzazu\") is a Roman Catholic title of the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary venerated in San Mateo, Rizal,", "title": "Our Lady of Aranzazu" }, { "id": "3154916", "text": "Santa Muerte Nuestra Señora de la Santa Muerte () (Spanish for Our Lady of Holy Death), often shortened to Santa Muerte, is a female deity or folk saint in Mexican and Mexican-American folk Catholicism. A personification of death, she is associated with healing, protection, and safe delivery to the afterlife by her devotees. Despite condemnation by leaders of the Catholic Church, her religion has become increasingly prominent since the turn of the 21st century. Since the pre-Columbian era Mexican culture has maintained a certain reverence towards death, which can be seen in the widespread commemoration of the Day of the", "title": "Santa Muerte" }, { "id": "759882", "text": "other in Spanish by Servando Teresa de Mier date the original apparition and native celebration on September 8 of the Julian calendar, but it is also noted that the Spaniards celebrate it on December 12 instead. With the help of the \"Informaciones Jurídicas de 1666\", a Catholic feast day in name of Our Lady of Guadalupe was requested and approved, as well as the transfer of the date of the feast of the Virgin of Guadalupe from September 8 to December 12, the latest date on which the Virgin supposedly appeared to Juan Diego. The initiative to perform them was", "title": "Our Lady of Guadalupe" }, { "id": "4239905", "text": "Feast of the Immaculate Conception The Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception celebrates the solemn celebration of belief in the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. It is universally celebrated on December 8, nine months before the feast of the Nativity of Mary, which is celebrated on September 8. The Immaculate Conception is one of the most important Marian feasts in the liturgical calendar of the Roman Catholic Church, and is celebrated worldwide. By Pontifical designation and decree, it is the patronal feast day of Argentina, Brazil, Korea, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Philippines, Spain, the United States, Uruguay and Italy. By royal decree,", "title": "Feast of the Immaculate Conception" }, { "id": "759856", "text": "Our Lady of Guadalupe Our Lady of Guadalupe (), also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe (), is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a Marian apparition and a venerated image enshrined within the Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City. The basilica is the most visited Catholic pilgrimage site in the world, and the world's third most-visited sacred site. Pope Leo XIII granted the venerated image a Canonical Coronation on 12 October 1895. Official Catholic accounts claim that the Virgin Mary appeared four times before Juan Diego and once more before Juan", "title": "Our Lady of Guadalupe" }, { "id": "7628435", "text": "surrounded by offerings of flowers and candles, and often photographs of smiling infants and toddlers, \"visual evidence of faith in holy intercession\". This feast was also the titular feast of the Trinitarians. In 1198, John of Matha founded the Order of the Most Holy Trinity with the mission of ransoming captive Christians. To this end, he placed the order's fund-raising efforts under the patronage of Mary. In gratitude for her assistance, he then honored Mary with the title of \"Our Lady of Good Remedy\" (also known under the invocation of Nuestra Señora de los Remedios). Her feast day is now", "title": "Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God" }, { "id": "14175507", "text": "celebrated on 15 August (the feast day of the Assumption of Mary) from Spanish times until Scandella's episcopate in the mid-19th century, when it was changed to 30 May. Authorisation for the celebration on 5 May was granted by the Holy See also in 1979. In 2002, on the occasion of his \"ad limina\" visit to Rome, Bishop Caruana took with him the statue of Our Lady of Europe, for the Pope John Paul II to bless and crown her. He also presented the Pope with a replica of the statue as a gift. Today, it can be found at", "title": "Our Lady of Europe" }, { "id": "5340953", "text": "she had accorded to it through its difficult early years. The institution of the feast may have come in the wake of the vindication of their title \"Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary\" at Cambridge, England in 1374. The date chosen was 17 July; on the European mainland this date conflicted with the feast of St. Alexis, requiring a shift to 16 July, which remains the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel throughout the Catholic Church. The Latin poem \"\"Flos Carmeli\"\" (meaning \"Flower of Carmel\") first appears as the sequence for this Mass. The Carmelite Order was the only", "title": "Our Lady of Mount Carmel" }, { "id": "12758051", "text": "1981. Guam has been sending delegations of young people to World Youth Day since 1993. The patroness of Guam and the Marianas Islands is Our Lady of Camarin (Chamorro: Santa Marian Kamalen), a miraculous image of the Blessed Virgin Mary found by a fisherman in the waters off the island's southwest coast between the 17th and 18th centuries. The image's feast day is on 8 December—the Feast of the Immaculate Conception and a declared public holiday on the island—and is celebrated with a Mass and procession around Hagåtña. Catholic Church in Guam The Catholic Church in the United States unincorporated", "title": "Catholic Church in Guam" }, { "id": "18917563", "text": "was set in motion for the first pile to be sunk on 13 May 1996 and work, progressed steadily and uninterrupted except for short periods of bad weather. By the end of 1996, the superstructure was completed and the new extension was ready for use in August 1997. A time capsule was installed at the foyer of the annex building; it houses memorabilia pertaining to the church and will be opened in 2061 when the church celebrates its centenary. Having completed the church's annex building, the next task on hand was the renovation of the church building and the presbytery.", "title": "Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour" }, { "id": "8434294", "text": "saving of the Portuguese sailors from a tempest in the Bay of Bengal in the 17th century. A Gothic-styled basilica stands in Velankanni in memory of the apparitions September 8, the Feast of the Nativity of Mary, is also commemorated as the feast of Our Lady of Good Health. The celebration starts on 29 August and ends on the day of the feast. The feast day prayers are said in Marathi, East Indian, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Konkani, Hindi and English. A Tamil language movie was made in honor of Our Lady of Good Health with the title \"Annai Velankanni\"", "title": "Our Lady of Good Health" }, { "id": "7867275", "text": "Marian Days The Marian Days (, officially \"các Ngày Thánh Mẫu\") is the main festival and pilgrimage for Vietnamese American Roman Catholics. The annual event in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary has taken place the first weekend in August since 1978 on the campus of the Congregation of the Mother of the Redeemer (CRM) in Carthage, Missouri. Tens of thousands of attendees come from throughout the United States, while non-Vietnamese locals and some visitors from Canada, Vietnam, and Australia also attend. The Congregation organized the inaugural Marian Day at its U.S. headquarters in 1978, in celebration of the Immaculate", "title": "Marian Days" }, { "id": "12458017", "text": "The Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary The Feast of the Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary is an optional memorial celebrated in the liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church on 12 September. It has been a universal Roman Rite feast since 1684, when Pope Innocent XI included it in the General Roman Calendar to commemorate the victory at the Battle of Vienna in 1683. It was removed from the Church calendar in the liturgical reform following Vatican II but restored by Pope Saint John Paul II in 2002, along with the Feast of the Holy", "title": "The Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary" }, { "id": "17043005", "text": "Milagrosa, a name given to her by her numerous devotees who have witnessed the countless miracles she has worked through the centuries. The title \"Our Lady of the Rosary,\" or \"Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary,\" is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary that has traditionally been promoted by the Order of Preachers (more popularly known as the Dominican Order) ever since it was founded by St. Dominic de Guzman in the 13th century. In 1571 Pope Pius V, a Dominican friar himself, instituted the feast of \"Our Lady of Victory\" as an annual feast to commemorate the", "title": "Orani Church" }, { "id": "4295080", "text": "Feast of the Sacred Heart The Feast of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, Latin: \"Sollemnitas Sacratissimi Cordis Iesu\") is a solemnity in the liturgical calendar of the Roman Catholic Church. It falls 19 days after Pentecost, on a Friday. The earliest possible date is May 29, as in 1818 and 2285. The latest possible date is July 2, as in 1943 and 2038. The devotion to the Sacred Heart is one of the most widely practiced and well-known Roman Catholic devotions, taking Jesus Christ's physical heart as the representation of his divine love for humanity. Devotion to the Sacred", "title": "Feast of the Sacred Heart" }, { "id": "17001712", "text": "victory in the Battle of Lepanto. The victory was attributed to the Blessed Virgin Mary, as a rosary procession had been offered on that day in St. Peter's Square in Rome for the success of the mission of the Holy League to hold back Muslim forces from overrunning Western Europe. In 1573, Pope Gregory XIII changed the title of this feast-day to \"Feast of the Holy Rosary\". This feast was extended by Pope Clement XI to the whole of the Latin Rite, inserting it into the General Roman Calendar in 1716, and assigning it to the first Sunday in October.", "title": "Our Lady of Most Holy Rosary Parish Church (Makinabang)" }, { "id": "4839295", "text": "in 1769, two years after she was canonized. Her feast was set as 21 August. In the 1969 revision of the calendar, her feast was moved to 12 December, to be closer to the day of her death, which occurred on 13 December 1641, the feast of St. Lucy. In 2001, Pope John Paul II included in the General Roman Calendar the memorial of Our Lady of Guadalupe on 12 December. Consequently, he moved the memorial of Saint Jane Frances to 12 August. St. Jane Frances de Chantal is invoked as the patron of forgotten people, widows, and parents who", "title": "Jane Frances de Chantal" }, { "id": "17252960", "text": "Archdiocese of Manila on that same day, year 1626), months of May and October, and December 1 (from 1892 until the breakout of World War II, her feast is celebrated on December 1 following the parish's patron feast, St. Andrew the Apostle, the day before, November 30). From the end of World War II until 2004, it was celebrated on November 29, but since 2005, it is observed on August 10 to commemorate the image's 1625 enthronement and it became her official feast day. Our Lady of the Good Success The Our Lady of the Good Event () () ,", "title": "Our Lady of the Good Success" }, { "id": "18917564", "text": "After much deliberation and cost study, it was decided that to reconstruct the presbytery was more cost-effective than to renovate it and moreover would offer better space usage. The old priests' house was demolished in November 1998 and actual construction commenced on 15 January 1999. It took almost a year to complete and the priests were able to move into the new presbytery on 23 December 1999. It was officially blessed by His Grace, Archbishop Gregory Yong on 22 January 2000. The presbytery also houses an Adoration Room, aptly named \"The Sanctuary\" and this was opened to parishioners on 2", "title": "Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour" }, { "id": "8401527", "text": "Feast of Our Lady of Ransom The Feast of Our Lady of Ransom (\"Nuestra Señora de la Merced\") is a Roman Catholic liturgical Marian feast. In the General Roman Calendar of 1960, it was celebrated on 24 September, commemorating the foundation of the Mercedarians. After Vatican II the name for the Marian commemoration on September 24 was changed to \"Our Lady of Mercy\". The Feast of Our Lady of Ransom is no longer included in the General Roman calendar, but continues to be celebrated in certain places and in the order of the Mercedarians. Between the eighth and the fifteenth", "title": "Feast of Our Lady of Ransom" }, { "id": "14905888", "text": "truly of universal importance.\" Of devotional feasts, not celebrating an event in the mystery of salvation, Pope Pius V retained only two in the Tridentine Calendar: Corpus Christi and Feast of the Holy Trinity, but the following centuries saw the addition of feasts of the Holy Name of Mary (1683), Our Lady of Ransom (1696), Our Lady of the Rosary (1716), Holy Name of Jesus (1721), Our Lady of Mount Carmel (1726), Compassion of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1727), Seven Sorrows of Mary (1814), Precious Blood of Christ (1849), Sacred Heart of Jesus (1856), Our Lady of Lourdes (1907), Holy", "title": "Mysterii Paschalis" }, { "id": "5340952", "text": "America. Since the 15th century, popular devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel has centered on the Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, also known as the Brown Scapular. Traditionally, Mary is said to have given the Scapular to an early Carmelite named Saint Simon Stock. The liturgical feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel is celebrated on 16 July. The solemn liturgical feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel was probably first celebrated in England in the later part of the 14th century. Its object was thanksgiving to Mary, the patroness of the Carmelite Order, for the benefits", "title": "Our Lady of Mount Carmel" }, { "id": "1847165", "text": "on 13 May 2017 during the centennial of the first apparition. Several statues of Our Lady of Fátima are notable, among which are the following: Our Lady of Fátima Our Lady of Fátima (, formally known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of Fátima, ), is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary based on the famed Marian apparitions reported in 1917 by three shepherd children at the Cova da Iria, in Fátima, Portugal. The three children were Lúcia dos Santos and her cousins Francisco and Jacinta Marto. Bishop José Alves Correia da Silva declared the events \"worthy", "title": "Our Lady of Fátima" }, { "id": "12458021", "text": "bestowed upon Mary by God and all the graces received through her intercession and mediation. The entry in the Roman Martyrology about the feast speaks of it in the following terms: The feast day began in 1513 as a local celebration in Cuenca, Spain, celebrated on 15 September. In 1587 Pope Sixtus V moved the celebration to 17 September. Pope Gregory XV extended the celebration to the Archdiocese of Toledo in 1622. In 1666 the Discalced Carmelites received permission to recite the Divine Office of the Name of Mary four times a year. In 1671 the feast was extended to", "title": "The Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary" }, { "id": "4949517", "text": "The original shrine was replaced with a sturdier stone structure in 518; this new site was patronized by important political figures including Roman emperor Justinian I, emperor Khosrow II of the Sassanid Empire, and al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith, ruler of the Ghassanids. Traditionally, the feast day of Sergius and Bacchus has been celebrated on 7 October in the West. In the Tridentine Calendar they shared the day with Pope Mark and the martyred pair Marcellus and Apuleius. In 1716, this day became the feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, and the commemoration of Sergius, Bacchus and the other saints", "title": "Sergius and Bacchus" }, { "id": "3154938", "text": "U.S. dollars, gold coins, jewelry, and other items. Santa Muerte also has a \"saint's day\", which varies from shrine to shrine. The most prominent is November 1, when the believer Enriqueta Romero celebrates her at her historic Tepito shrine where the famous effigy is dressed as a bride. Others celebrate her day on August 15. According to Chesnut, the religion of Our Lady of Holy Death is \"generally informal and unorganized\". Since worship of this image has been, and to a large extent still is, clandestine, most rituals are performed in altars constructed at the homes of devotees. Recently shrines", "title": "Santa Muerte" }, { "id": "7804107", "text": "rosary was offered \"in memory and in perpetual gratitude of the miraculous victory that the Lord gave to his Christian people that day against the Turkish armada\". In 1671 the observance of this festival was extended by Clement X to the whole of Spain, and somewhat later Clement XI, after the victory over the Turks gained by Prince Eugene in the Battle of Petrovaradin on 5 August 1716 (the feast of Our Lady of the Snows), commanded the feast of the Rosary to be celebrated by the universal Church. Leo XIII raised the feast to the rank of a double", "title": "Our Lady of the Rosary" }, { "id": "13936151", "text": "Our Lady of Providence Our Lady of Providence or Our Lady of Divine Providence is a title of Mary. Her feast day is celebrated on November 19. The title of \"Mary, Mother of Divine Providence\" is often traced to her intervention at the wedding in Cana. Christ's first public miracle was occasioned in part by the intercession of his mother. She helped through her foresight and concern to avoid an embarrassing situation for the newlywed couple. Our Lady of Providence is sometimes also identified as Queen of the Home. Devotion to Our Lady of Divine Providence originated in Italy, and", "title": "Our Lady of Providence" }, { "id": "15982683", "text": "Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary The Feast of the Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary () was a Catholic Feast that was originally celebrated in Spain, but started to be celebrated in other Catholic countries. It is not on the universal calendar, but is still commemorated on December 18 in some places such as Spain, Portugal, Italy and Poland as well as in a few religious orders. The feast owes its origin to the bishops of the tenth Council of Toledo, in 656. The accompanying of the expectant mother of Jesus became a prominent theme that spread throughout the", "title": "Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary" }, { "id": "16994239", "text": "Our Lady of Solitude Our Lady of Solitude () is a title of Mary (mother of Jesus) and a special form of Marian devotion practised in Spanish-speaking countries to commemorate the solitude of Mary on Holy Saturday. Variant names include Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, Maria Santisima, Nuestra Señora Dolorosisima de la Soledad, and Virgen de la Soledad. The title originates with Queen Juana lamenting the early death of her husband Philip I of Castile in 1506. María de la Soledad's feast day is celebrated on December 18 in Spanish-speaking countries, and on Holy Saturday in English-speaking countries. The image", "title": "Our Lady of Solitude" }, { "id": "11010054", "text": "however, is on 15 August when the Dormition of the Virgin Mary (Theotokos) is commemorated by the Greek Orthodox Church, following the strong tradition of the Aegean Islands where the Dormition is grandly celebrated in mid-August as the principal summer feast. Our Lady of Tinos Our Lady of Tinos (, \"Panagía Evangelístria tēs Tēnou\", \"The All-Holy Bringer of Good News\", and , \"Megalócharē tēs Tēnou\", \"She of Great Grace\") is the major Marian shrine in Greece. It is located in the town of Tinos on the island of Tinos. The complex is built around a miraculous icon which according to", "title": "Our Lady of Tinos" }, { "id": "17063891", "text": "the end of the Second World War. It is the see of the Bishop of Baguio. Our Lady of Atonement Our Lady of the Atonement (Latin: Domina Nostra Adunationis) is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary first invoked by Father (Louis) Paul T. Wattson, S.A. and Mother Lurana White, S.A, the founders of the Society of the Atonement. The feast day of Our Lady of the Atonement is July 9. In June 1899 Episcopal priest Rev. Lewis T. Wattson professed his vows as a Friar of the Atonement, taking the name Paul James Francis. In 1901, Fr. Paul initiated", "title": "Our Lady of Atonement" }, { "id": "17063886", "text": "Our Lady of Atonement Our Lady of the Atonement (Latin: Domina Nostra Adunationis) is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary first invoked by Father (Louis) Paul T. Wattson, S.A. and Mother Lurana White, S.A, the founders of the Society of the Atonement. The feast day of Our Lady of the Atonement is July 9. In June 1899 Episcopal priest Rev. Lewis T. Wattson professed his vows as a Friar of the Atonement, taking the name Paul James Francis. In 1901, Fr. Paul initiated for his Friars of the Atonement devotion to the Blessed Mother invoked under the title, “Our", "title": "Our Lady of Atonement" }, { "id": "11925930", "text": "of the Assumption, but towards the end of his life he stopped celebrating it. While the Western Catholics celebrate the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Mother of God, and may do so on August 28, if they follow the Julian calendar. The Eastern Orthodox also celebrate it as the Dormition of the Mother of God, one of their 12 Great Feasts. The Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates the Feast of Dormition not on a fixed date, but on the Sunday nearest August 15. Moreover, the practices apart from doctrinal differences", "title": "Marian feast days" }, { "id": "12097220", "text": "have redeemed the whole world, preserve in us the work of your mercy, so that, ever honouring the mystery of our salvation, we may merit to obtain its fruits. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever.\" The hymn at Lauds on the feast is Salvete Christi Vulnera, which is known since at least 1798. Feast of the Most Precious Blood The Feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ was a feast included in the General Roman Calendar", "title": "Feast of the Most Precious Blood" }, { "id": "11739307", "text": "publications and legends. As such, pilgrims often invoke Her intercession in times of dire need, with some of the petitioners travelling all the way from far places to do so. The primary feast of Our Lady of Manaoag is on the third Wednesday of Easter. The peaks of the pilgrimages are during the Lenten and Easter seasons, the month of May, and the month of October - the month of The Holy Rosary - where the universal feast day of Our Lady of The Holy Rosary is celebrated every first Sunday of October. There is a procession after the afternoon", "title": "Our Lady of Manaoag" }, { "id": "12534647", "text": "this pictorial tradition, also the iconography of the Works of mercy alludes sometimes to the Virgin of Mercy, such as Caravaggio in his huge painting in Naples, because in 1606/07 it was commissioned for the church of the Confraternita del Pio Monte della Misericordia. The liturgical feast day of Our Lady of Mercy is celebrated annually in the Latin Catholic calendar on September 24. Our Lady of Mercy is the co-patroness, along with St. Mark, of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Venice in Florida. Churches dedicated to her include the cathedral of Guasdualito in Venezuela and the National Shrine of", "title": "Virgin of Mercy" }, { "id": "19880706", "text": "Our Lady of Aranzazu Our Lady of Aranzazu (Spanish: \"Nuestra Señora de Aranzazu\") is a Roman Catholic title of the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary venerated in San Mateo, Rizal, Philippines. The image is widely known due to claims of miraculous healing and flood safety. Pope Francis granted the image a Canonical coronation on 31 May 2017. The history of Christianity in San Mateo, Rizal dates back to the early Spanish era of 1596, when the Augustinians friars built the first settlements in the place. On 29 August 1596, the first parish was built under and in honor of", "title": "Our Lady of Aranzazu" }, { "id": "8401535", "text": "consists in a medal, five Our Father beads and three sets of four beads each where the Hail Mary is prayed in honor of Our Lady's Crown of Excellence. The chaplet ends with a Glory be. Feast of Our Lady of Ransom The Feast of Our Lady of Ransom (\"Nuestra Señora de la Merced\") is a Roman Catholic liturgical Marian feast. In the General Roman Calendar of 1960, it was celebrated on 24 September, commemorating the foundation of the Mercedarians. After Vatican II the name for the Marian commemoration on September 24 was changed to \"Our Lady of Mercy\". The", "title": "Feast of Our Lady of Ransom" }, { "id": "13936157", "text": "of their homes. A Confraternity of Our Lady of Providence was erected, and later a certificate of affiliation of the American Confraternity was established with the Archconfraternity in Rome. The hymn \"Our Lady of Providence,\" by Sister of Providence Cecilia Clare Bocard, is sung by the sisters at various special celebrations. Our Lady of Providence Our Lady of Providence or Our Lady of Divine Providence is a title of Mary. Her feast day is celebrated on November 19. The title of \"Mary, Mother of Divine Providence\" is often traced to her intervention at the wedding in Cana. Christ's first public", "title": "Our Lady of Providence" }, { "id": "7628429", "text": "Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God The Solemnity of Mary, the Holy Mother of God is a feast day of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the aspect of her motherhood of Jesus Christ, whom Christians see as the Lord, Son of God. It is celebrated by the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church on 1 January, the Octave (8th) day of Christmastide. Christians of Byzantine Rite and of all West Syriac and East Syriac rites celebrate Mary as Mother of God on 26 December and the Coptic Church does so on 16 January. The Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion and", "title": "Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God" }, { "id": "18917565", "text": "February 2000 on the Feast of the Presentation of the Lord. Tenders for renovation of the church building were called in August 1999 and renovation works started in December 1999, and completed in 2001. The church is now air-conditioned, yielding seating space of 1,600. The space on the ground floor has also expanded to provide better facilities and a new kitchen is built to serve the church, together with meeting rooms and a store-room for the SVDP Conference. A columbarium for 2500 niches is an added feature of the church. Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is the Roman Catholic title", "title": "Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour" }, { "id": "20505870", "text": "fulfill the conditions of confession, communion and prayer for the Pope's intentions may gain a Plenary Indulgence on August 5, on the major feast days of the Virgin Mary or on a day of their choice once a year. This is in virtue of the Shrine's inscription as Spiritual Affiliate of the Archbasilica of St. Mary Major in Rome in September 2012. https://www.facebook.com/nsdrorani/photos/a.160025217404374.41407.159247834148779/388509974555896/?type=3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_Acs_C2MzU https://www.facebook.com/notes/211481172258778/ Our Lady of Orani The Our Lady of the Rosary of Orani or simply Our Lady of Orani The Spanish Dominican friars arrived in the province of Bataan (then known as the Partido de Bataan", "title": "Our Lady of Orani" }, { "id": "11580054", "text": "October, the feast day of Pope Mark. In 1716, this day became the feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, and the commemoration of Marcellus and Apuleius was moved to 8 October. Marcellus were restored to 7 October in 1969 and Apuleius was expunged. Marcellus of Capua Marcellus of Capua was a third- or fourth-century martyr who was inserted in the General Roman Calendar in the 13th century. He is recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church, with 7 October as his feast day. Untrustworthy legends associated him with a Saint Apuleius, which led to them being mentioned together", "title": "Marcellus of Capua" }, { "id": "12458025", "text": "focus on the person of Mary. A number of parishes and schools are dedicated in honor of the Holy Name of Mary. The Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary The Feast of the Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary is an optional memorial celebrated in the liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church on 12 September. It has been a universal Roman Rite feast since 1684, when Pope Innocent XI included it in the General Roman Calendar to commemorate the victory at the Battle of Vienna in 1683. It was removed from the Church calendar in the", "title": "The Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary" }, { "id": "3826822", "text": "Feast of San Gennaro The Feast of San Gennaro is an Italian-American festival. Originally a one-day religious commemoration, the festival was first celebrated in the United States in September 1926, when immigrants from Naples congregated along Mulberry Street in the Little Italy section of Manhattan in New York City to continue the tradition they had followed in Italy to celebrate Saint Januarius, the Patron Saint of Naples. His feast day is September 19 in the liturgical calendar of the Roman Catholic Church. The immigrant families on Mulberry Street who started the feast, a group of cafe owners, erected a small", "title": "Feast of San Gennaro" }, { "id": "9595456", "text": "Our Lady of Confidence Our Lady of Confidence, also known as La Madonna della Fiducia or Our Lady of Trust, is a venerated image depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary enshrined at the Lateran Basilica. The feast of Our Lady of Confidence falls on the last Saturday prior to Lent. Pope Gregory XVI granted a Canonical Coronation to the image on 14 October 1838, via Cardinal Carlo Odescalchi, at the requested petition of the Roman seminarians. In addition, Pope Pius X was particularly devoted to Mary under this title. There are two different traditions associated with the painting. One holds that", "title": "Our Lady of Confidence" }, { "id": "15982738", "text": "Feast of the Most Holy Redeemer The Feast of the Most Holy Redeemer was a Catholic liturgical feast. It is celebrated in Venice as the Festa del Redentore. It is also celebrated by the Redemptorists and was celebrated in the City of Rome. The feast is found only in the special calendar of some dioceses and religious orders, and is celebrated with proper Mass and Office either on the third Sunday of July or on 23 October. In Venice this feast has been observed for more than three centuries with great solemnity. Moroni in his \"Dizionario\" gives some interesting data", "title": "Feast of the Most Holy Redeemer" }, { "id": "5975526", "text": "Għaxaq is held on Palm Sunday evening, celebrated a Sunday before Easter, the Main Secondary feast of Saint Joseph celebrated on the 1st Sunday of June, Corpus Christi on the 2nd Sunday of June and Our Lady of the Rosary on the 2nd Sunday of October. These are all organised by their respective confraternities. Last but not least, on the night between 24 and 25 December, a solemn mass is held to celebrate Christmas. Għaxaq is popularly renowned for its two feasts which are celebrated on a large scale on 15 August and the first Sunday of June. The Holy", "title": "Għaxaq" }, { "id": "18957149", "text": "the stone carved lamp in front of the grotto ad the church flag post are inspired by Kerala temple architecture. The parish serves as the base for 4 priests, 56 nuns, and four male and three female novices. Twenty six Franciscans and 48 alter boys are also registered with the parish The main festival of the church is the \"Feast of Mother Mary\" which is celebrated every year on the first Sunday on or after 10 August. The festival includes special sermons, community activities and fireworks. The feast of St. Sebastian is another major festival, celebrated annually on the last", "title": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church, West Chalakudy" }, { "id": "3937922", "text": "Our Lady of the Pillar. In the Philippines, ruled by Spain for over three hundred years, Our Lady of the Pillar is honored as the patroness of a number parishes and municipalities; seven are named \"Pilar\" in her honor. There are towns named Pilar in the provinces of Abra, Bataan, Bohol, Capiz, Cebu, Surigao del Norte and Sorsogon. As in Spain, her feast day is celebrated every 12 October. Our Lady of the Pillar Our Lady of the Pillar () is the name given to the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with the claim of Marian apparition to Apostle James the", "title": "Our Lady of the Pillar" }, { "id": "4291755", "text": "days were a part of the liturgical calendar of the Roman Catholic Church. Organization of these celebrations in the ordinary form is now left to the decision of episcopal conferences in view of local conditions and customs. The ember days are still observed in the calendar of the Roman Rite's \"extraordinary form\" and in the Anglican Ordinariate calendar. September 14 is the titular feast of the Congregation of Holy Cross, The Companions of the Cross and the Episcopal Church's Order of the Holy Cross. This date also marked the beginning of the period of fasting, except on Sundays and ending", "title": "Feast of the Cross" }, { "id": "2847580", "text": "applied to the Saturday in Easter week, in English-speaking countries it is sometimes applied to Holy Saturday, including in legislation in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland, and by Australian government agencies. In the Catholic tradition, the Blessed Virgin Mary as Our Lady of Sorrows is on this day assigned the title \"Our Lady of Solitude\", referring to her solace and grief at the death of her son Jesus. However, nowhere in Catholic liturgical documents is this day referred to as the feast of Our Lady of Solitude. Matins of Holy and Great Saturday (in parishes usually", "title": "Holy Saturday" }, { "id": "2162452", "text": "a victory over the Huguenots and also in hope of the birth of an heir after years of childless marriage, Louis XIII officially gave her that title. Siena, Tuscany, hails the Virgin as Queen of Siena, and annually observes the race and pageant called the \"palio\" in her honor. \"Queenship of Mary\" is a Marian feast day in the liturgical calendar of the Roman Catholic Church, created by Pope Pius XII. On 11 October 1954, the Pontiff pronounced the new feast in his encyclical \"Ad caeli reginam\". The feast was celebrated on May 31, the last day of the Marian", "title": "Queen of Heaven" }, { "id": "16524627", "text": "In Barangay Pasadena, San Juan, Metro Manila, the image is fêted on the third weekend of May with a Mass and procession. In Caridad, Culasi, Antique, the barrio fiesta is celebrated every end of the month of May. It starts on the \"bisperas\" mass or the eve of the fiesta mass on May 28 and the fiesta proper is on May 29. The new image of Nuestra Senora de Salvacion was donated by the Cadiena-Española Family. In the little barrio of Guinbanga-an, Laua-an also in the province of Antique the people of the barrio celebrated their yearly fiesta every month", "title": "Our Lady of Salvation" }, { "id": "3156306", "text": "Our Lady of Peace Our Lady of Peace, Mother of Peace, Queen of Peace or Our Lady Queen of Peace is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Roman Catholic Church. She is represented in art holding a dove and an olive branch, symbols of peace. Her official memorial in the General Roman Calendar is on July 9 in the universal Church except for Hawaii and some churches in the United States, where it is kept on January 24. The traditional story holds that in the early 1500s in France, a certain Jean de Joyeuse presented the statue", "title": "Our Lady of Peace" }, { "id": "19192396", "text": "Santa Marian Kamalen Santa Marian Kamalen also known as Our Lady of Camarin and informally known as Maga Haga \"(English: Great Lady)\" is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a carved molave wood and ivory image venerated by the Roman Catholic faithful in Guam as their Patroness. The image is known to have escaped the Japanese war on bombing of Guam on 8 December 1941, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. It is permanently enshrined at the Minor Basilica of the Most Sweet Name of Mary. Pious legends claim that the image was brought by Spaniards through", "title": "Santa Marian Kamalen" }, { "id": "7804108", "text": "of the second class and added to the Litany of Loreto the invocation \"Queen of the Most Holy Rosary\". On this feast, in every church in which the Rosary confraternity has been duly erected, a plenary indulgence \"toties quoties\" is granted upon certain conditions to all who visit therein the Rosary chapel or statue of Our Lady. This has been called the \"Portiuncula\" of the Rosary. Pius X in 1913 changed the date to 7 October, as part of his effort to restore celebration of the liturgy of the Sundays. In 1960 Pope John XXIII changed the title to \"Feast", "title": "Our Lady of the Rosary" }, { "id": "8401530", "text": "King James of Aragon and was approved by Pope Gregory IX on 17 January 1235. Tradition holds that in August 1218, Peter Nolasco experienced a vision of the Virgin Mary, who asked him to found a religious order dedicated to rescuing the many Christian captives held by the Muslims. The legend dates from about 1445 and is deemed to reflect Mercedarian historian, Nadal Gaver's attempt to symbolize the belief of early Mercedarians that the Virgin Mary was the true founder and patroness of the order. A feast day was instituted and observed on 24 September, first in the religious order", "title": "Feast of Our Lady of Ransom" }, { "id": "5058783", "text": "in the Third Week of Lent, as the station church for this day is Santi Cosma e Damiano. Their feast day in the General Roman Calendar, which had been on September 27, was moved in 1969 to September 26, because September 27 is the \"dies natalis\" (\"day of birth\" into Heaven) of Saint Vincent de Paul, now more widely venerated in the Latin Church. In Canada it has been moved to Sept. 25 (as Sept. 26 is the Feast of the Canadian Martyrs in Canada). Sts Cosmas and Damian are regarded as the patrons of physicians, surgeons, and pharmacists and", "title": "Saints Cosmas and Damian" }, { "id": "13635178", "text": "Hermosa Festival The Hermosa Festival, also known as Zamboanga La Hermosa Festival, popularly known as \"Fiesta Pilar\", is a month-long festival held each year in the city of Zamboanga, the city center of Zamboanga Peninsula Region in the Philippines. It is one of the oldest festivals in the country and the most awaited event in the region. The festival is held in honor of the miraculous image of \"Our Lady of the Pillar\" (Spanish and Chavacano: Nuestra Señora del Pilar), the patroness of Batangas City which is held in every 12 October. It is also the patroness of Zaragoza in", "title": "Hermosa Festival" }, { "id": "13970020", "text": "the Canary Islands) and that every Holy Friday moves to this cathedral, which leaves hours later in the Magna Procession. The image of the Christ revisits the temple in its September celebrations, on this occasion it remains in solemn quinary (from 9 to 14 September). For its part, also in September the feast of Our Lady of Remedies, patron saint of the cathedral and the Diocese of Nivariense, whose main day is September 8 and which highlights the procession of the Virgin through the streets. Every February 2 highlights the procession of Las Candelas with the image of Our Lady", "title": "La Laguna Cathedral" }, { "id": "3937918", "text": "Pillar is celebrated on 12 October and she is the Patroness of the Hispanic peoples and the Spanish Civil Guard. A grand nine-day festival known as \"Fiestas del Pilar\" is celebrated in Saragossa (Zaragoza) every year in her honour. The modern \"Fiestas del Pilar\", as they developed since the 19th century, begin on the weekend preceding 12 October and they end on the Sunday after 12 October (i.e. they move between 5–13 and 11–19 October). They were declared as a \"national holiday of touristic interest\" (\"Fiesta de Interés Turístico Nacional\") by the \"Ministerio de Comercio y Turismo\" in 1980. As", "title": "Our Lady of the Pillar" }, { "id": "5007088", "text": "Ἀρχάγγελος Γαβριήλ, \"Gabriel the Archangel\") and IC-XC (Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, \"Jesus Christ\"), respectively. The icon has a gold background on a walnut panel, believed to be from Crete. The Cretan School was the source of the many icons imported into Europe from the late Middle Ages through the Renaissance. The gold background represents the Kingdom of God. The round halo surrounding the Virgin Mary's head is styled called \"Estofado\", which is an artistic effect created by making dented holes into the icon to reflect light from the gold background. The icon was cleaned and restored once in 1866 and again in", "title": "Our Lady of Perpetual Help" }, { "id": "12765334", "text": "El Cobre, near Santiago de Cuba. Pope Pius XI granted a Canonical Coronation for the image on 20 December 1936. The feast day of Our Lady of Charity is September 8; the solemn Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Various similar Marian images predating the Cuban image have a similar title as well as having been granted a canonical coronation by the Popes and can be found in the Spanish cities of Cartagena, Villarrobledo, Illescas, Loja, La Garrovilla, and Toledo, Spain along with its replicated copies in Basilica Minore of Our Lady of Charity in Agoo, and the image of", "title": "Our Lady of Charity" }, { "id": "7492249", "text": "Virgin Mary in the Canary Islands. She is the patron saint of the Canary Islands. Her feast is celebrated on February 2 (Fiesta de la Candelaria) and August 15, the patronal feast of the Canary Islands. She is also the patroness of Western Visayas region enshrined in Jaro Cathedral or the National Shrine of Our Lady of Candles under the Archdiocese of Jaro (with feast day every 2 February) in the Philippines, and Tatala, one of the barangays in Binangonan, Rizal (also in the Philippines) which celebrate her feast day every First Saturday of February. The Municipality of Silang in", "title": "Candlemas" }, { "id": "16036169", "text": "the icon was painted sometime between 1810 and 1820. The parish and the town of Rosario was established on October 22, 1845 as promulgated by Governor-General Narciso Claveria. The town fiesta of Rosario or the feast of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary is celebrated twice a year, the first is in the month of May held during the third Sunday of the month. In some instances, it is moved to the fourth Sunday when it is close in proximity to the fiesta of Saint Isidore the Laborer. The second is on October 7 to celebrate the feast of", "title": "Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary, Queen of the Caracol" }, { "id": "13130132", "text": "Suceso. There was a plenty of misinformation about the Feast of Our Lady of Buen Suceso. After the World War II up to year 2004, the feast is celebrated every 29th day of November, therefore, there is no original feast and it depends upon the situation and needs of the faithful. The feast day of Our Lady of Buen Suceso was then moved to August 10 in the year 2005, in line with her enthronement in this said parish by the Augustinians back in the year 1625. A novena prayer in honor of the Blessed Virgin is prayed for nine", "title": "Parañaque Cathedral" }, { "id": "19316843", "text": "for Best New Comedy, for its run at the National Theatre. \"Our Ladies of Perpetual Succour\" has been adapted for the stage by Lee Hall, based on the 1998 novel \"The Sopranos\" by Alan Warner. Set over the course of a single day the book follows a choir of Catholic school girls on a trip to Edinburgh for a competition. On 15 May 2015, it was announced the play would receive its world premiere the same year at the Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh, as part of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. The play reunited the National Theatre of Scotland with former artistic", "title": "Our Ladies of Perpetual Succour" }, { "id": "9595461", "text": "again, thank you for this wonderful evening. Many thanks. Our Lady of Confidence Our Lady of Confidence, also known as La Madonna della Fiducia or Our Lady of Trust, is a venerated image depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary enshrined at the Lateran Basilica. The feast of Our Lady of Confidence falls on the last Saturday prior to Lent. Pope Gregory XVI granted a Canonical Coronation to the image on 14 October 1838, via Cardinal Carlo Odescalchi, at the requested petition of the Roman seminarians. In addition, Pope Pius X was particularly devoted to Mary under this title. There are two", "title": "Our Lady of Confidence" }, { "id": "1847143", "text": "Pope Benedict XV began Pacelli's church career, elevating him to archbishop in the Sistine Chapel on 13 May 1917, the date of the first reported apparition. Pius XII was laid to rest in the crypt of Saint Peter's Basilica on 13 October 1958, the Feast of Our Lady of Fátima. Pope John Paul II again consecrated the entire world to the Virgin Mary in 1984, without explicitly mentioning Russia. Some believe that Sister Lúcia verified that this ceremony fulfilled the requests of the Virgin Mary. However, in the Blue Army's Spanish magazine, \"Sol de Fátima\", in the September 1985 issue,", "title": "Our Lady of Fátima" }, { "id": "4299985", "text": "Saint Lucy's Day Saint Lucy's Day, also called the Feast of Saint Lucy, is a Christian feast day celebrated on 13 December in Advent, commemorating Saint Lucy, a 3rd-century martyr under the Diocletianic Persecution, who according to legend brought \"food and aid to Christians hiding in the catacombs\" using a candle-lit wreath to \"light her way and leave her hands free to carry as much food as possible\". Her feast once coincided with the Winter Solstice, the shortest day of the year before calendar reforms, so her feast day has become a Christian festival of light. Falling within the Advent", "title": "Saint Lucy's Day" }, { "id": "19316842", "text": "Our Ladies of Perpetual Succour Our Ladies of Perpetual Succour is a play based on the 1998 novel \"The Sopranos\" by Alan Warner, adapted for the stage by Lee Hall. It received its world premiere at the Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh, in August 2015, before embarking on a short UK tour. The play is a co-production between the National Theatre of Scotland and Live Theatre. The production ran at London's National Theatre in August 2016 and is scheduled to transfer to the West End's Duke of York's Theatre in May 2017. In April 2017, the production won the Laurence Olivier Award", "title": "Our Ladies of Perpetual Succour" }, { "id": "11925935", "text": "the most prominent Marian feast days in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic liturgical calendars are: Note: Feasts ranked among the twelve Great Feasts are in bold face. Minor feasts are in regular face. In the Coptic Orthodox rite St. Mary is commemorated on the 21st of each coptic month (Generally the 30th/31st of each Gregorian month). In calendars throughout the Anglican Communion and Continuing Anglican churches, the following Marian feasts may be observed, although the practice of different provinces / churches varies wildly: The following are Marian festivals celebrated within the Lutheran liturgical calendar: When Johann Sebastian Bach worked as", "title": "Marian feast days" }, { "id": "14265082", "text": "of life gather in Naga City to meet their relatives, friends and fellow devotees, share food, drinks, and prayers with them, and most of all, to pay homage and make thanksgiving to the Virgin of Peñafrancia, whom the Bicolanos fondly call Ina. They will shout \"Viva la Virgen\" to the high heavens. The feast day is preceded by a novena, or nine days of prayer, in honor of the Virgin. On the first day, the image of the Virgin, a copy of the Madonna in Peñafrancia, Spain, is brought from its shrine to the Naga Cathedral where the novena is", "title": "Our Lady of Peñafrancia" }, { "id": "10504610", "text": "Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos (English: Our Lady of Saint John of the Lakes) is a Roman Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary venerated by Mexican and Texan faithful. The original image is a popular focus for pilgrims and is located in the state of Jalisco, in central Mexico, northeast of the city of Guadalajara. The statue is venerated both in Mexico and the United States known by its proxy title Nuestra Señora de San Juan del Valle (Our Lady of Saint John of the Valley) mainly focused", "title": "Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos" }, { "id": "5374623", "text": "Vat Purnima Vat Purnima or pournima chavan or Wat Purnima (, , also called Vat Savitri is a celebration observed by married women in the Western Indian states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa and some regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh. On this Purnima or \"full moon\" during the three days of the month of Jyeshtha in the Hindu calendar (which falls in May-June in the Gregorian calendar) a married woman marks her love for her husband by tying a ceremonial thread around a banyan tree. The celebration is based on the legend of Savitri and Satyavan as narrated in the epic", "title": "Vat Purnima" }, { "id": "12103680", "text": "Virgin of Candelaria The Virgin of Candelaria or Our Lady of Candelaria ( or \"Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria\"), popularly called \"La Morenita\", celebrates the Virgin Mary on the island of Tenerife, one of the Canary Islands (Spain). The center of worship is located in the city of Candelaria in Tenerife. She is depicted as a Black Madonna. The \"Royal Basilica Marian Shrine of Our Lady of Candelaria\" (Basilica of Candelaria) is considered the main church dedicated to the Virgin Mary in the Canary Islands and she is the patron saint of the Canary Islands. Her feast is celebrated on", "title": "Virgin of Candelaria" }, { "id": "5048639", "text": "Feast of the Transfiguration The Feast of the Transfiguration is celebrated by various Christian communities in honor of the transfiguration of Jesus. The origins of the feast are less than certain and may have derived from the dedication of three basilicas on Mount Tabor. The feast was present in various forms by the 9th century, and in the Western Church was made a universal feast on 6 August by Pope Callixtus III to commemorate the raising of the Siege of Belgrade (1456). In the Syriac Orthodox, Indian Orthodox, Revised Julian calendars within Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholic, Old Catholic, and Anglican", "title": "Feast of the Transfiguration" }, { "id": "3154963", "text": "at the beginning of the month. Santa Muerte Nuestra Señora de la Santa Muerte () (Spanish for Our Lady of Holy Death), often shortened to Santa Muerte, is a female deity or folk saint in Mexican and Mexican-American folk Catholicism. A personification of death, she is associated with healing, protection, and safe delivery to the afterlife by her devotees. Despite condemnation by leaders of the Catholic Church, her religion has become increasingly prominent since the turn of the 21st century. Since the pre-Columbian era Mexican culture has maintained a certain reverence towards death, which can be seen in the widespread", "title": "Santa Muerte" } ]

[ "1,000" ]

[ { "id": "5007029", "text": "kcal/mol are used in the United States, whereas kJ/mol are preferred elsewhere. Kilocalorie per mole The kilocalorie per mole is a unit to measure an amount of energy per number of molecules, atoms, or other similar particles. It is defined as one kilocalorie of energy (1000 thermochemical gram calories) per one mole of substance, that is, per Avogadro’s number of particles. It is abbreviated \"kcal/mol\" or \"kcal mol\". As typically measured, one kcal/mol represents a temperature increase of one degree Celsius in one liter of water (with a mass of 1kg) resulting from the reaction of one mole of reagents.", "title": "Kilocalorie per mole" }, { "id": "5300715", "text": "per mole, such as J/mol, kJ/mol, or the older (but still widely used) kcal/mol. For a table giving the specific energy of many different fuels as well as batteries, see the article Energy density. Energy density is the amount of energy per mass or volume of food. The energy density of a food can be determined from the label by dividing the energy per serving (usually in kilojoules or food calories) by the serving size (usually in grams, milliliters or fluid ounces). Energy density is thus expressed in cal/g, kcal/g, J/g, kJ/g, cal/mL, kcal/mL, J/mL, or kJ/mL. The \"calorie\" commonly", "title": "Specific energy" }, { "id": "5007027", "text": "Kilocalorie per mole The kilocalorie per mole is a unit to measure an amount of energy per number of molecules, atoms, or other similar particles. It is defined as one kilocalorie of energy (1000 thermochemical gram calories) per one mole of substance, that is, per Avogadro’s number of particles. It is abbreviated \"kcal/mol\" or \"kcal mol\". As typically measured, one kcal/mol represents a temperature increase of one degree Celsius in one liter of water (with a mass of 1kg) resulting from the reaction of one mole of reagents. In SI units, one kilocalorie per mole is equal to 4.184 kilojoules", "title": "Kilocalorie per mole" }, { "id": "1535997", "text": "of a food calorie, that is often used in chemistry and in physics.) Within the European Union, both the kilocalorie (\"kcal\") and kilojoule (\"kJ\") appear on nutrition labels. In many countries, only one of the units is displayed; in Canada and the United States labels spell out the unit as \"calorie\" or as \"Calorie\". Fats and ethanol have the greatest amount of food energy per gram, 37 and 29 kJ/g (8.8 and 6.9 kcal/g), respectively. Proteins and most carbohydrates both have about . The differing energy density of foods (fat, alcohols, carbohydrates and proteins) lies mainly in their varying proportions", "title": "Food energy" }, { "id": "370631", "text": "can be formed by modifying the prefix of watt (e.g. terawatt hour). There exist a number of definitions for the non-SI unit, the calorie. There are gram calories and kilogram calories. One kilogram calorie, which equals one thousand gram calories, often appears capitalized and without a prefix (i.e. 'Cal') when referring to \"dietary calories\" in food. It is common to apply metric prefixes to the gram calorie, but not to the kilogram calorie: thus, 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 1 Cal. Metric prefixes are widely used outside the system of metric units. Common examples include the megabyte and the", "title": "Metric prefix" }, { "id": "5007028", "text": "per mole, or joules per molecule, or 0.043 eV per molecule. At room temperature (25 °C, 77 °F, or 298.15 K) it is equal to 1.688 units in the \"kT\" term of Boltzmann's equation. Even though it is not an SI unit, the kilocalorie per mole is still widely used in chemistry for thermodynamical quantities such as thermodynamic free energy, heat of vaporization, heat of fusion and ionization energy, due to the ease with which it can be calculated based on the units of measure typically employed in quantifying a chemical reaction, especially in aqueous solution. Typically but not exclusively,", "title": "Kilocalorie per mole" }, { "id": "81097", "text": "Calorie A calorie or calory (archaic) is a unit of energy. Various definitions exist but fall into two broad categories. The first, the small calorie (symbol: cal), is defined as the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius at a pressure of one atmosphere. The second, the large calorie or kilocalorie (symbols: Cal, kcal), also known as the food calorie and similar names, is defined as the heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (rather than a gram) of water by one degree Celsius. It is", "title": "Calorie" }, { "id": "10198381", "text": "in the physical environment. When measuring the properties of bodily fluids such as urine, condosity is expressed in units of millimoles per litre (mM/l). Condosity Condosity is a comparative measurement of electrical conductivity of a solution. The condosity of any given solution is defined as the molar concentration of a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution that has the same specific electrical conductance as the solution under test. By way of example, for a 2 Molar potassium chloride (KCl) solution, the condosity would be expected to be somewhat greater than 2.0. This is because potassium is a better conductor than sodium. The", "title": "Condosity" }, { "id": "5060101", "text": "as 1 kcal/kg/hour and is roughly equivalent to the energy cost of sitting quietly. A MET also is defined as oxygen uptake in ml/kg/min with one MET equal to the oxygen cost of sitting quietly, equivalent to 3.5 ml/kg/min. The MET concept was primarily designed to be used in epidemiological surveys, where survey respondents answer the amount of time they spend for specific physical activities. Moreover, MET is used to provide general medical thresholds and guidelines to a population. A MET is the ratio of the rate of energy expended during an activity to the rate of energy expended at", "title": "Metabolic equivalent" }, { "id": "1810087", "text": "Per 100 g – Energy 1615 kJ (386 kcal), Protein 0.1 g, Carbohydrate 97.5 g, Fat 0.4 g. Per Tic Tac – Energy 1.663 kJ (0.397 kcal), Protein 0 g, Carbohydrate 0.5 g, Fat 0 g. Sugar, maltodextrin, tartaric acid, natural and artificial flavours, rice starch, gum arabic, filling agent (magnesium stearate), artificial colours, glazing agent (carnauba wax). Each pack weighs 15–18 g and contains about 38 Tic Tacs. New packs in Australia and Canada weigh 24 g and contain 50 Tic Tacs, and the Tic Tac \"Big Box\" weighs 49 g and contains 100 Tic Tacs. The \"Big Pack\"", "title": "Tic Tac" }, { "id": "10198380", "text": "Condosity Condosity is a comparative measurement of electrical conductivity of a solution. The condosity of any given solution is defined as the molar concentration of a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution that has the same specific electrical conductance as the solution under test. By way of example, for a 2 Molar potassium chloride (KCl) solution, the condosity would be expected to be somewhat greater than 2.0. This is because potassium is a better conductor than sodium. The measurement is sometimes used in biological systems to provide an assessment of the properties of bodily or cellular liquids, or the properties of solutes", "title": "Condosity" }, { "id": "410779", "text": "that define the imperial gallon. Note that these are small calories (cal). The large or dietary calorie (Cal) is equal to one kilocalorie (kcal), and is gradually being replaced by the latter correct term. Early values for the explosive energy released by trinitrotoluene (TNT) ranged from 900 to 1100 calories per gram. In order to standardise the use of the term \"TNT\" as a unit of energy, an arbitrary value was assigned based on 1000 calories () per gram. Thus there is no longer a direct connection to the chemical TNT itself. It is now merely a unit of energy", "title": "Ton" }, { "id": "5060100", "text": "more or less stable for the specific activity and thus independent of each person's weight. The 1 MET reference value of 1 kcal·kg·h, is used by convention and refers to a typical metabolism at rest of an \"average\" individual. It is not an approximation of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), which is the minimum metabolic rate obtained under specified conditions. This is illustrated by sleeping having a MET of 0.9, while an individual's normal sleeping metabolism may be greater than the BMR. MET (Metabolic Equivalent): The ratio of the work metabolic rate to the resting metabolic rate. One MET is defined", "title": "Metabolic equivalent" }, { "id": "1535996", "text": "energy. Fiber cannot be completely digested by most animals, including humans, who can only extract 2 kcal/g of food energy. Ruminants can extract nearly 4 kcal/g from fiber because of the bacteria in their rumens. Using the International System of Units, researchers measure energy in joules (J) or in its multiples; the kilojoule (kJ) is most often used for food-related quantities. An older metric system unit of energy, still widely used in food-related contexts, is the calorie; more precisely, the \"food calorie\", \"large calorie\" or kilocalorie (kcal or Cal), equal to 4184 joules. (Contrast the \"small calorie\" (cal), equal to", "title": "Food energy" }, { "id": "81102", "text": "As if to avoid confusion, it is sometimes written \"Calorie\" (with a capital \"C\") in an attempt to make the distinction, although this is not widely understood. Capitalization contravenes the rule that the initial letter of a unit name or its derivative shall be lower case in English. To facilitate comparison, specific energy or energy density figures are often quoted as \"calories per serving\" or \"kilocalories per 100 g\". A nutritional requirement or consumption is often expressed in calories per day. One gram of fat in food contains nine calories, while a gram of either a carbohydrate or a protein", "title": "Calorie" }, { "id": "301749", "text": "in kcal per day. In common ostriches, a BMR (ml O g h) = 389 kg, describing a line parallel to the intercept with only about 60% in relation to other non-passerine birds. Along with BMR, energy is also needed for a range of other activities. If the ambient temperature is lower than the thermo-neutral zone, heat is produced to maintain body temperature. So, the metabolic rate in a resting, unfed bird, that is producing heat is known as the standard metabolic rate (SMR) or resting metabolic rate(RMR). The common ostrich SMR has been seen to be approximately 0.26 ml", "title": "Common ostrich" }, { "id": "5300716", "text": "used in nutritional contexts is the kilogram-calorie (abbreviated \"Cal\" and sometimes called the \"dietary calorie\", \"food calorie\" or \"Calorie\" with a capital \"C\"). This is equivalent to a thousand gram-calories (abbreviated \"cal\") or one kilocalorie (kcal). Because food energy is commonly measured in Calories, the energy density of food is commonly called \"caloric density\". Energy density measures the energy released when the food is metabolized by a healthy organism when it ingests the food (see food energy for calculation) and the food is metabolized with oxygen, into waste products such as carbon dioxide and water. Besides alcohol the only sources", "title": "Specific energy" }, { "id": "1596102", "text": "for gases it may be confused with specific heat capacity \"at constant volume\". While SI units are the most widely used, some countries and industries also use other systems of measurement. One older unit of heat is the kilogram-calorie (Cal), originally defined as the energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius, typically from 14.5 to 15.5 °C. The specific average heat capacity of water on this scale would therefore be exactly 1 Cal/(C°⋅kg). However, due to the temperature-dependence of the specific heat, a large number of different definitions of the calorie came", "title": "Heat capacity" }, { "id": "14518646", "text": "this is the mechanism underpinning the chloride shift occurring as the blood passes through oxygen-consuming capillary beds. The normal blood reference range of chloride for adults in most labs is 96 to 106 milliequivalents (mEq) per liter. The normal range may vary slightly from lab to lab. Normal ranges are usually shown next to results in the lab report. A diagnostic test may use a chloridometer to determine the serum chloride level. The North American Dietary Reference Intake recommends a daily intake of between 2300 and 3600 mg/day for 25-year-old males. Serum chloride Chloride is an anion in the human", "title": "Serum chloride" }, { "id": "18490266", "text": "one for dry measure, and another for liquid measure. Some units used to measure dry capacities are given below: Dry<br> 1 caffiso (or calisse) = 317.47 l (Note: in an old publication, one caffiso was equalised to 8 saah, even though the given values are mismatched.) 1 saah (or ssah) = 58 l 1 tarri (or tarie) = 1/12 caffiso. Liquid<br> One khoull (or Khoul or kolleh) was equal to 16 2/3 l (1 hectoliter = 6 Khoull ) or 16 l. One Metalli (oil) was equal to 17.90 l. Algerian units of measurement A number of different, unique Algerian", "title": "Algerian units of measurement" }, { "id": "7645028", "text": "Kanal (unit) A kanal (ڪنال) is a unit of area used in parts of Pakistan and in India. In Pakistan different conversions exist in various areas: a kanal is generally considered equal to 5400 square feet, but it is equal to 4500 square feet in Lahore. In India it is generally considered equivalent to 4500 square feet or one-eighth of an acre. A kanal is a traditional unit of land area. In India it is used in the northern states of Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and North Eastern parts of Pakistan. Its use in India is in", "title": "Kanal (unit)" }, { "id": "4228173", "text": "it is sometimes called the \"kip-force\" (symbol kipf or klbf). Note that the symbol kp usually stands for a different unit of force, the \"kilopond\" or kilogram-force used primarily in Europe prior to the introduction of SI units. The kip is also the name of another unit of measure formerly used in Malaysia equal to approximately 9.19 kilograms, which is now obsolete. Kip (unit) A kip is a US customary unit of force. It equals 1000 pounds-force, used primarily by American architects and engineers to measure engineering loads. Although uncommon, it is occasionally also considered a unit of weight, equal", "title": "Kip (unit)" }, { "id": "81098", "text": "equal to small calories. Although these units relate to the metric system, all of them have been considered obsolete in science since the adoption of the SI system. The unit of energy in the International System of Units is the joule. One small calorie is approximately 4.2 joules (so one large calorie is about 4.2 kilojoules). The factor used to convert calories to joules at a given temperature is numerically equivalent to the specific heat capacity of water expressed in joules per kelvin per gram (or per kilogram, for kilocalories). The precise conversion factor depends on the definition adopted. In", "title": "Calorie" }, { "id": "582340", "text": "would be a better solution. If the calibration is performed at 100 units, the 1% standard would actually be anywhere between 99 and 101 units. The acceptable values of calibrations where the test equipment is at the 4:1 ratio would be 96 to 104 units, inclusive. Changing the acceptable range to 97 to 103 units would remove the potential contribution of all of the standards and preserve a 3.3:1 ratio. Continuing, a further change to the acceptable range to 98 to 102 restores more than a 4:1 final ratio. This is a simplified example. The mathematics of the example can", "title": "Calibration" }, { "id": "2897669", "text": "has a body fat percentage of 30%, her Resting Daily Energy Expenditure (the authors use the term of basal and resting metabolism interchangeably) would be 1262 kcal per day. The basic metabolic rate varies between individuals. One study of 150 adults representative of the population in Scotland reported basal metabolic rates from as low as 1027 kcal per day (4301 kJ/day) to as high as 2499 kcal/day (10455 kJ/day); with a mean BMR of 1500 kcal/day (6279 kJ/day). Statistically, the researchers calculated that 62.3% of this variation was explained by differences in fat free mass. Other factors explaining the variation", "title": "Basal metabolic rate" }, { "id": "588647", "text": "formed in compliance with the European Convention on Transfrontier Television that Croatia had joined between 1999 and 2002. The licence fee in the Czech Republic is 135 Kč (€4.992 [using exchange rate 27 July 2015]) per month as from 1 January 2008. This increase is to compensate for the abolition of paid advertisements except in narrowly defined circumstances during a transitional period. Each household pays for one TV licence regardless of how many televisions they own. Corporations and the self-employed must pay for a licence for each television. The media licence fee in Denmark, , is 2477 kr (€332). This", "title": "Television licence" }, { "id": "10869113", "text": "allowance and partial tuition assistance. First year students are given up to $1,670 for books and living expenses; after that the awards are the same as Cal Grant A. To be eligible for this grant the student must be engaging in at least one academic year of courses. This award provides assistance for tuition at occupational or career colleges. $547 is available for books and equipment and is available at any California Community College. The vocational program must be at least four months in length but not more than two years. https://www.csac.ca.gov/post/cal-grant-c-award For students that did not qualify for the", "title": "Cal Grant" }, { "id": "5300714", "text": "in use in some contexts are the kilocalorie per gram (Cal/g or kcal/g), mostly in food-related topics, watt hours per kilogram in the field of batteries, and the Imperial unit BTU per pound (BTU/lb), in some engineering and applied technical fields. The gray and sievert are specialized measures for specific energy absorbed by body tissues in the form of radiation. The following table shows the factors for converting to J/kg: The concept of specific energy is related to but distinct from the chemical notion of \"molar\" energy, that is energy per mole of a substance, which uses units of energy", "title": "Specific energy" }, { "id": "2949498", "text": "are 4.184 kJ/kcal (426.6 kgf·m/kcal) for the thermochemical calorie and 4.1868 kJ/kcal (426.9 kgf·m/kcal) for the international steam table calorie. This relation implies that, although work and heat are different forms of energy, they can be transformed into one another. This law is called the first law of the caloric theory and led to the formulation of the general principle of conservation of energy, definitively stated by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1847. Mayer derived a relation between specific heat at constant pressure and the specific heat at constant volume for an ideal gas. The relation is: formula_1, where \"C\" is", "title": "Julius von Mayer" }, { "id": "12378287", "text": "SI unit cubic metre (m) and its divisions, in particular the cubic decimeter, more commonly called the litre (1 dm = 1 L = 0.001 m), and the cubic centimetre, also called millilitre (1 cm = 1 mL = 0.001 L = 10 m). The volume of a quantity of liquid is fixed by its temperature and pressure. Liquids generally expand when heated, and contract when cooled. Water between 0 °C and 4 °C is a notable exception. Liquids have little compressibility. Water, for example, will compress by only 46.4 parts per million for every unit increase in atmospheric pressure", "title": "Liquid" }, { "id": "3390623", "text": "capacity, ambient temperature, motor fan type, noise level, internal piping materials, number of compressors, type of compressor, number of fridge circuits, coolant requirements, fluid discharge temperature, and COP (the ratio between the cooling capacity in RT to the energy consumed by the whole chiller in KW). For medium to large chillers this should range from 3.5 to 7.0, with higher values meaning higher efficiency. Chiller efficiency is often specified in kilowatts per refrigeration ton (kW/RT). Process pump specifications that are important to consider include the process flow, process pressure, pump material, elastomer and mechanical shaft seal material, motor voltage, motor", "title": "Chiller" }, { "id": "18541541", "text": "botte (vino) = 12 barili = 523.5 litres. 1 tomolo = 55.54 litres. For oil, wine and spirits: 1 barile = 60 caraffi 1 botta = 12 barile 1 carro = 2 botti 1 caraffa (for wine and spirits) = 0.1929 gallons For oil: 1 quarto = 6 misurelle 1 stajo = 16 quarti = 20 pignate (sometimes) = 2.61633 gallons 1 salma = 16 staja. 1 tomolo = 24 misure = 1.5646 bushels 1 carro = 36 tomoli. 1 salma = 4 bisace = 16 tomoli = 275 litres. 1 pinta = 10 coppi = 0.26418 gallon (or French", "title": "Italian units of measurement" }, { "id": "7645029", "text": "decline with urban land measurements standardizing on use of square feet, square meters and square yards. Under British rule the marla and kanal were standardized so that the kanal equals exactly 605 square yards or acre; this is equivalent to about 505.857 square meters. A kanal is equal to 20 marlas. A kanal is equal to: Kanal (unit) A kanal (ڪنال) is a unit of area used in parts of Pakistan and in India. In Pakistan different conversions exist in various areas: a kanal is generally considered equal to 5400 square feet, but it is equal to 4500 square feet", "title": "Kanal (unit)" }, { "id": "10869114", "text": "regular Cal Grant A, this award is available, but not guaranteed, to all that meet the minimum eligibility requirements. The student must have a minimum GPA of 3.0 and be from a low to middle income family. This award helps with tuition and fees at qualifying schools with programs of more than two years. Students must have a minimum GPA of 2.0 and are from a disadvantaged or low income family. The money may be used for tuition and access costs at eligible schools with programs of more than one year in length. The first year, this grant can only", "title": "Cal Grant" }, { "id": "7122474", "text": "therefore cling wrap's formulation has changed to a form of polyethylene. The health effects from exposure to 1,1-DCE are primarily on the central nervous system, including symptoms of sedation, inebriation, convulsions, spasms, and unconsciousness at high concentrations. 1,1-DCE is considered a potential occupational carcinogen by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . It is also listed as a chemical known to the state of California to cause cancer and birth defects. 1,1-Dichloroethene 1,1-Dichloroethene, commonly called 1,1-dichloroethylene or vinylidene chloride or 1,1-DCE, is an organochloride with the molecular formula CHCl. It is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor.", "title": "1,1-Dichloroethene" }, { "id": "4479301", "text": "zero level species (CO), thus it increases alkalinity by two per mole of CO. [H] and [HSO] decrease alkalinity, as they act as sources of protons. They are often represented collectively as [H]. Alkalinity is typically reported as mg/L \"as\" CaCO. (The conjunction \"as\" is appropriate in this case because the alkalinity results from a mixture of ions but is reported \"as if\" all of this is due to CaCO.) This can be converted into milliEquivalents per Liter (mEq/L) by dividing by 50 (the approximate MW of CaCO/2). The following equations demonstrate the relative contributions of each component to the", "title": "Alkalinity" }, { "id": "8040489", "text": "K (cider) K is a cider manufactured and distributed by C&C Group plc. Advertised under the slogan 'Refreshingly Different.', the canned version available in the UK is 8.0% ABV. At one time, two bottled versions were available, 8.4% and \"K6\" at 6.3%. The price of the 500 ml can is £1.39. As of 2017, cans have had ABV reduced to 8% displaying a reduced retail price of £1.09. A bottled version was available in the US at 6.9% abv. As of 2010, K was no longer available in the U.S. at all except via special order. Cans and bottles of", "title": "K (cider)" }, { "id": "8040491", "text": "K (cider) K is a cider manufactured and distributed by C&C Group plc. Advertised under the slogan 'Refreshingly Different.', the canned version available in the UK is 8.0% ABV. At one time, two bottled versions were available, 8.4% and \"K6\" at 6.3%. The price of the 500 ml can is £1.39. As of 2017, cans have had ABV reduced to 8% displaying a reduced retail price of £1.09. A bottled version was available in the US at 6.9% abv. As of 2010, K was no longer available in the U.S. at all except via special order. Cans and bottles of", "title": "K (cider)" }, { "id": "248946", "text": "microlitre is sometimes abbreviated as mcL on test results. In the SI system, use of prefixes for powers of 1,000 is preferred and all other multiples discouraged. However, in countries where the metric system was established well before the adoption of the SI standard other multiples were already established, their use remains common. In particular, use of the centi (10), deci (10), deca (10) and hecto (10) prefixes are still common. For example, in many European countries, the hectolitre is the typical unit for production and export volumes of beverages (milk, beer, soft drinks, wine, etc.) and for measuring the", "title": "Litre" }, { "id": "635882", "text": "per unit area. The value of the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is given in SI units by In cgs units the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is: In thermochemistry the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is often expressed in cal cm day K: In US customary units the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is: The value of the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is derivable as well as experimentally determinable; see Stefan–Boltzmann law for details. It can be defined in terms of the Boltzmann constant as: where: The CODATA recommended value is calculated from the measured value of the gas constant: where: Dimensional formula: [ M T Θ] A related constant is the radiation", "title": "Stefan–Boltzmann constant" }, { "id": "13228624", "text": "Gaz. To interpret Gaz, depends on what you are measuring and where you are. Bengal: 36\", Bombay: 27\", Madras: 33\", Government Average: 33\". The hand measurements were used. Anguli (width of 3 fingers) = 1 Girah 8 Girah = 1 Hath (elbow to the end of the middle finger, approximately 18\" ) 5 5/6 Hath = One Kathi 20 Kathi = One Pand 20 Pand = One Begah 2 Hath = 1 Gaz 3 Gaz = Two Karam 3 Karams = 1 Kan 3 Square Kans = 1 Marla 20 Marlas = 1 Kanal 8 Kanals = 1 Ghamaon 9", "title": "Indian units of measurement" }, { "id": "3379730", "text": "mV. If working at room temperature, about 21 °C, the calculated constants are approximately 58 mV for K and Na, −58 mV for Cl and 29 mV for Ca. At physiological temperature, about 29.5 °C, and physiological concentrations (which vary for each ion), the calculated potentials are approximately 67 mV for Na, −90 mV for K, −86 mV for Cl and 123 mV for Ca. The resting membrane potential is not an equilibrium potential as it relies on the constant expenditure of energy (for ionic pumps as mentioned above) for its maintenance. It is a dynamic diffusion potential that takes", "title": "Resting potential" }, { "id": "1596945", "text": "bit is two cycles of a 4800 Hz wave. Unlike Acorn machines, the MSX uses two '1' stop bits in addition to one '0' start bit, so the effective rate at 1200 baud is approximately 873 bits per second, and the effective rate at 2400 baud is approximately 1,745 bits per second. The machine's BIOS can read data at up to 3600 baud from an ideal audio source. Kansas City standard The Kansas City standard (KCS), or \"Byte\" standard, is a way of storing digital data on standard audio cassettes at data rates of 300 to 2400 bits per second", "title": "Kansas City standard" }, { "id": "3162038", "text": "sugar, does not cause tooth decay, and is partially absorbed by the body, excreted in urine and feces. Under U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling requirements, it has a caloric value of 0.2 kilocalories per gram (95% less than sugar and other carbohydrates), though nutritional labeling varies from country to country. Some countries, such as Japan and the United States, label it as zero-calorie; the European Union labels it 0 kcal/g. In the body, most erythritol is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine, and then for the most part excreted unchanged in the urine. About 10% enters", "title": "Erythritol" }, { "id": "5060104", "text": "the actual energy expenditure and the RMR will differ according to the person's overall fitness level and other factors. The same holds for MET (or kcal) values indicated in modern fitness exercise equipment, which are based on statistical models and are of indicative value only. In this case, even if the MET value indicated is a better statistical prediction than published tables, there is no way to account for the person's actual RMR and thus energy expenditure (e.g., Kcal). In short, a person can use the MET concept to plan or monitor physical activity levels or get an indication of", "title": "Metabolic equivalent" }, { "id": "17071875", "text": "the TIGER program, in August 2013. Passengers ride free of charge, as operating costs are covered by the TDD. Total construction costs were $250,000 under budget and operations costs started out under budget. The streetcars are numbered 801–804, following the numbering set up by the original Kansas City Public Service Company numbering system. Car 801 arrived in Kansas City on November 2, 2015. Testing began on November 6. Car 802 through 804 later arrived between December and April. To help with high ridership, two additional streetcars were ordered from CAF in June 2017 at a cost of $12 million. These", "title": "KC Streetcar" }, { "id": "542307", "text": "single test by allowing for a slow average heating rate (optimizing resolution) and a fast changing heating rate (optimizing sensitivity). Safety Screening:- DSC may also be used as an initial safety screening tool. In this mode the sample will be housed in a non-reactive crucible (often Gold, or Gold plated steel), and which will be able to withstand pressure (typically up to 100 bar). The presence of an exothermic event can then be used to assess the stability of a substance to heat. However, due to a combination of relatively poor sensitivity, slower than normal scan rates (typically 2–3°/min -", "title": "Calorimeter" }, { "id": "8330207", "text": "of cell viability and for short-term labeling of cells. Alternatively, Fura-2 , Furaptra , Indo-1 and aequorin may be used. An acetomethoxy group obscures the part of the molecule that chelates Ca, Mg, Zn and other ions. After transport into the cells, intracellular esterases remove the acetomethoxy group, the molecule gets trapped inside and gives out strong green fluorescence. As dead cells lack active esterases, only live cells are labeled and counted by flow cytometry. Calcein is now rarely used as a Ca or Mg indicator because its fluorescence is directly sensitive to these ions only at strongly alkaline pH,", "title": "Calcein" }, { "id": "698506", "text": "respectively, and \"L\" is the length of the bar. It is convenient to introduce the thermal-conductivity integral The heat flow rate is then given by If the temperature difference is small \"k\" can be taken as constant. In that case In this section we will motivate an expression for the thermal conductivity in terms of microscopic parameters. Consider a gas of particles of negligible volume governed hard-core interactions and within a vertical temperature gradient. The upper side is hot and the lower side cold. There is a downward energy flow because the gas atoms, going down, have a higher energy", "title": "Thermal conductivity" }, { "id": "2767868", "text": "2.62 mmol/L) and that of ionized calcium is 4.65 to 5.25 mg/dL (1.16 to 1.31 mmol/L). Because a significant portion of calcium is bound to albumin, any alteration in the level of albumin will affect the measured level of calcium. A corrected calcium level based on the albumin level is: Corrected calcium (mg/dL) = measured total Ca (mg/dL) + 0.8 * (4.0 - serum albumin [g/dL]). Management of this condition includes: Hypocalcaemia Hypocalcaemia, also spelled hypocalcemia, is low calcium levels in the blood serum. The normal range is 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dl, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L) with levels less than 2.1 mmol/l", "title": "Hypocalcaemia" }, { "id": "4630375", "text": "formulated, was based upon the idea that metabolic energy was entirely related to measurements of heat generation and loss (but see Ballesteros \"et al.\" for a recent counterexample). This appears in the unit of metabolic rate most favored, calories/s rather than watts (as in the version of Kleiber's law that includes ME, where ME is a ratio of redox amperes), and in the limitation of disputation as to whether ME is 89 or 100%. Others [e.g., Kozlowski and Konarzewski, John Speakman] have criticized West, Brown, and Enquist on the point that the size-invariance of capillaries, which is the same from", "title": "Kleiber's law" }, { "id": "1940385", "text": "for the contributing structure. The complete hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane via 1,3-cyclohexadiene and cyclohexene is exothermic; 1 mole of benzene delivers 208.4 kJ (49.8 kcal). Hydrogenation of one mole of double bonds delivers 119.7 kJ (28.6 kcal), as can be deduced from the last step, the hydrogenation of cyclohexene. In benzene, however, 23.4 kJ (5.6 kcal) are needed to hydrogenate one mole of double bonds. The difference, being 143.1 kJ (34.2 kcal), is the empirical resonance energy of benzene. Because 1,3-cyclohexadiene also has a small delocalization energy (7.6 kJ or 1.8 kcal/mol) the net resonance energy, relative to the", "title": "Resonance (chemistry)" }, { "id": "6234963", "text": "same. The Core CAL is a special CAL offered by Microsoft through corporate license agreements such as \"Enterprise\", \"Select\" or \"Open Value\". The Core CAL, is a combination of CALs for Windows Server, Exchange Server, SharePoint Server, System Center Configuration Client Management License, Lync Server and Forefront Endpoint Subscription License. Core CALs are approximately 30 percent cheaper than the sum of the aforementioned licenses. With the release of the 2007 products, Microsoft started offering the Enterprise CAL Suite. The Enterprise CAL Suite combines 15 CALs, including the Core CAL combination, Enterprise functionality of Exchange, Lync and SharePoint Servers, as well", "title": "Client access license" }, { "id": "248931", "text": "the mass of one cubic decimetre of water at the temperature of melting ice. Subsequent redefinitions of the metre and kilogram mean that this relationship is no longer exact. A litre is defined as \"a special name for a cubic decimetre\" or 10 centimetres × 10 centimetres × 10 centimetres, (1 L ≡ 1 dm ≡ 1000 cm). Hence 1 L ≡ 0.001 m ≡ 1000 cm, and 1 m (i.e. a cubic metre, which is the SI unit for volume) is exactly 1000 L. From 1901 to 1964, the litre was defined as the volume of one kilogram of", "title": "Litre" }, { "id": "4315891", "text": "numeric value (e.g., \"50 Kč\") or sometimes before it (as is seen on the 10-koruna coin). One koruna equals 100 \"haléřů\" (abbreviated as \"h\", singular: \"haléř\", nominative plural: \"haléře\", genitive plural: \"haléřů\" – used with numbers higher or equal to 5 – e.g. 3 haléře, 8 haléřů), but haléře have been withdrawn, and the smallest unit of physical currency is 1 Kč. In 1892, the Austro-Hungarian krone replaced the gulden, at the rate of one gulden equaling two kronen (which is also the reason why the 10-koruna coin is still nicknamed \"pětka\" or \"the five\" by the Czechs). The name", "title": "Czech koruna" }, { "id": "10869111", "text": "Cal Grant Cal Grant is a financial aid program administrated by the California Student Aid Commission (CSAC) providing aid to California undergraduates, vocational training students, and those in teacher certification programs. Cal Grants are the largest source of California state funded student financial aid. Cal Grant gives funds to students who meet grade point average and parent income requirements. Up to $12,630 a year is available to qualifying students which can be applied to tuition, room and board, or books and other supplies. Cal Grant applicants must file FAFSA or California Dream Application between October 1 and March 2 each", "title": "Cal Grant" }, { "id": "10707526", "text": "sensitivity. Both low-threshold K channels and high-threshold delayed rectifier-type K channels are present in presynaptic neurons. There are four low-threshold K channels present: K1.1, K1.2, K1.3, and K7.5. K1.1 and K1.2 are located in the transition zone between the axon and the terminal, while K1.3 K7.5 are located in the calyx. There is a calcium activated potassium channel expressed in the calyx, however this type of channel does not contribute to neurotransmitter release. Within the span of one week, mice subjects (P7 to P14) showed that the density of the K1 and K3 low threshold channels increases, which in turn", "title": "Calyx of Held" }, { "id": "11334245", "text": "abbreviation bps is often used to mean bit/s, so that when a \"1 Mbps\" connection is advertised, it usually means that the maximum achievable bandwidth is 1 Mbit/s (one million bits per second), which is 0.125 MB/s (megabyte per second), or about 0.1192 MiB/s (mebibyte per second). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) uses the symbol b for bit. In both the SI and ISQ, the prefix k stands for kilo, meaning 1,000, while Ki is the symbol for the binary prefix kibi-, meaning 1,024. The binary prefixes were introduced in 1998 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)", "title": "Data-rate units" }, { "id": "10906922", "text": "undergo hydrolysis. With concentrated hydrochloric acid, it converts to chromyl chloride. When treated with 18-crown-6, it forms the lipophilic salt [K(18-crown-6]CrOCl. Peligot's salt can oxidize benzyl alcohol, a reaction which can be catalyzed by acid. A related salt, pyridinium chlorochromate, is more commonly used for this reaction. Potassium chlorochromate can be toxic upon ingestion (may cause acute poisoning and kidney damage amongst other complications) or contact with the human skin (may cause eye burns, irritation, allergy, or ulceration), especially if inhalated. Potassium chlorochromate Potassium chlorochromate is a inorganic compound with the formula KCrClO. It is the potassium salt of chlorochromate,", "title": "Potassium chlorochromate" }, { "id": "8719367", "text": "backpacking can be made. The Basal metabolic rate requirement of food calories (one food calorie is 1000 heat calories, thus sometimes labelled kcal) is approximately 1000 per day per 100 pounds of body weight. However exertion in the form of hiking consumes additional calories; for example the standard US Army field ration is 4500 kcal per day for strenuous work. Thus depending upon type of food an average hiker carries, a hiker requires approximately of food per day. Ultralight techniques can substantially reduce this weight, Jardine suggests per day for thru-hiking, Jordan suggests per day (at 125 calories per ounce,", "title": "Ultralight backpacking" }, { "id": "5105215", "text": "for threshold contrast \"C\" However, at very low background luminance (less than 10 candela per square metre) the threshold value for the illuminance is a constant (around 10 lux) and does not depend on \"B\". In that case or At high \"B\" such as the daylight sky, Crumey's formula approaches an asymptotic value for \"K\" of or lux per nit. Ricco's law Several laws describe a human's ability to visually detect targets on a uniform background. One such law is Riccò's law, discovered by astronomer Annibale Riccò. This law explains the visual relationship between a target angular area \"A\" and", "title": "Ricco's law" }, { "id": "13409025", "text": "of high granular analogue and digital calorimeters with sensitive layers of gas or plastic scintillator. The Tile subgroup has built a one cubic-meter steel/scintillator sandwich sampling hadronic calorimeter called physics prototype for study series in various test particle beams. High granularity is achieved by 38 scintillator tile layers . Each layer is a 2-cm thick steel plate 90 × 90 cm followed by a 0.5-cm scintillator plate that consists of more than 200 scintillator tiles. The mosaic of the HCAL layers exhibits a hundred 3 × 3 cm tiles in the center, surrounded by a large area covered with 6", "title": "CALICE" }, { "id": "1535998", "text": "of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms: For food of elemental composition CHON, the heat of combustion underlying the food energy is 100 kcal/g (\"c\" + 0.3 \"h\" − 0.5 \"o\")/(12 \"c\" + \"h\" + 16 \"o\" + 14 \"n\") to a good approximation (±3%). Carbohydrates that are not easily absorbed, such as fiber, or lactose in lactose-intolerant individuals, contribute less food energy. Polyols (including sugar alcohols) and organic acids contribute and respectively. Theoretically, one could measure food energy in different ways, using (say) the Gibbs free energy of combustion, or the amount of ATP generated by metabolizing the food. However,", "title": "Food energy" }, { "id": "19588691", "text": "Groome (Carol Royle). She suffers from Huntington’s disease and fears he has inherited the disease. He then has to cope with Emilie's eventual death. Winsor made his final appearance as Cal, following his on-screen death, in the series thirty-one episode \"Reap the Whirlwind − Part Two\", broadcast on 29 April 2017. The character was well received by television drama critics, and Winsor received a nomination for a Best Drama Star award for his portrayal of Cal. On 4 September 2013 it was announced that Richard Winsor had been cast in the role of Cal. George Rainsford was cast to play", "title": "Caleb Knight" }, { "id": "935180", "text": "the structural material can also be used to generate energy internally, and in either case it is measured in Joules or kilocalories (often called \"Calories\" and written with a capital 'C' to distinguish them from little 'c' calories). Carbohydrates and proteins provide 17 kJ approximately (4 kcal) of energy per gram, while fats provide 37 kJ (9 kcal) per gram, though the net energy from either depends on such factors as absorption and digestive effort, which vary substantially from instance to instance. Vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water do not provide energy, but are required for other reasons. A third class", "title": "Human nutrition" }, { "id": "7611062", "text": "world, natural gas is sold in gigajoules. The calorie equals the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 Celsius degree, from a temperature of 14.5 degrees Celsius, at a pressure of 1 atm. For thermochemistry a calorie of 4.184 J is used, but other calories have also been defined, such as the International Steam Table calorie of 4.1868 J. Food energy is measured in large calories or kilocalories, often simply written capitalized as \"Calories\" (= 10 calories). In physics and chemistry, it is still common to measure energy on the atomic", "title": "Units of energy" }, { "id": "8967478", "text": "Kenyan Premier League The Kenyan Premier League (KPL), also known as the SportPesa Premier League (SPL) for sponsorship reasons, is a professional league for men's association football clubs in Kenya. Standing at the top of the Kenyan football league system, the league was formed in 1963 under the Kenya Football Federation but is now controlled by the Football Kenya Federation. It is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Kenyan National Super League. Gor Mahia are the league's current champions and most successful club, with a record 17 titles to their name. The", "title": "Kenyan Premier League" }, { "id": "3142068", "text": "Decibel watt The decibel watt or dBW is a unit for the measurement of the strength of a signal expressed in decibels relative to one watt. It is used because of its capability to express both very large and very small values of power in a short range of number; e.g., 1 milliwatt = −30 dBW, 1 watt = 0 dBW, 10 watts = 10 dBW, 100 watts = 20 dBW, and 1,000,000 W = 60 dBW. and also Compare dBW to dBm, which is referenced to one milliwatt (0.001 W). A given dBW value expressed in dBm is always", "title": "Decibel watt" }, { "id": "19763", "text": "serving size in centilitres and the alcohol content literally as a percentage: <br> <br> Thus, a 750 ml bottle of wine at 12% ABV contains 75 cl × 12% = 9 units. Alternatively, the serving size in litres multiplied by the alcohol content as a number, the above example giving 0.75 × 12 = 9 units: <br> <br> Both pieces of input data are usually mentioned in this form on the bottle, so is easy to retrieve. UK alcohol companies pledged in March 2011 to implement an innovative health labelling scheme to provide more information about responsible drinking on alcohol", "title": "Unit of alcohol" }, { "id": "3983525", "text": "Chloric acid Chloric acid, HClO, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid (p\"K\" ≈ −1) and oxidizing agent. Chloric acid is thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportionation. Chloric acid is stable in cold aqueous solution up to a concentration of approximately 30%, and solution of up to 40% can be prepared by careful evaporation under reduced pressure. Above these concentrations, chloric acid solutions decompose to give a variety of products, for example: Chloric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent. Most organics and flammables will deflagrate on contact. It can be", "title": "Chloric acid" }, { "id": "4244732", "text": "kcal/mol (460 kJ/mol) for \"D\"(CH–H), 101 kcal/mol (423 kJ/mol) for \"D\"(CH–H) and finally 81 kcal/mol (339 kJ/mol) for \"D\"(C–H). The bond energy is, thus, 99 kcal/mol or 414 kJ/mol (the average of the bond-dissociation energies). None of the individual bond-dissociation energies equals the bond energy of 99 kcal/mol. According to BDE data, the strongest single bonds are Si–F bonds. The BDE for HSi–F is 152 kcal/mol, almost 50% stronger than the HC–F bond (110 kcal/mol). The BDE for FSi–F is even larger, at 166 kcal/mol. One consequence to these data are that many reactions generate silicon fluorides, such as glass", "title": "Bond-dissociation energy" }, { "id": "3172446", "text": "Mitchell were ranked No. 40 and No. 39, respectively, on VH1's 100 Greatest Kid Stars. Reruns of the show are currently shown on TeenNick, as part of their programming block \"NickSplat,\" as well as MTV2, a sister channel of TeenNick under Viacom. The show was set in Chicago, Illinois, and centered on the antics of two mischievous teenagers, Kenan Rockmore (Kenan Thompson) and Kel Kimble (Kel Mitchell). Kenan is a high school student with a job at a local grocery store, while Kel is his clumsy, orange soda-loving best friend. Episodes of the series always open and closed with Kenan", "title": "Kenan & Kel" }, { "id": "5939836", "text": "profound K depletion or excess, respectively. A typical TTKG in a normal person on a normal diet is 8-9. During hyperkalemia or high potassium intake, more potassium should be excreted in the urine and the TTKG should be above 10. Low levels (<7) during hyperkalemia may indicate mineralocorticoid deficiency, especially if accompanied by hyponatremia and high urine Na. During potassium depletion or hypokalemia, the TTKG should fall to less than 3, indicating appropriately reduced urinary excretion of potassium. Trans-tubular potassium gradient The trans-tubular potassium gradient (TTKG) is an index reflecting the conservation of potassium in the cortical collecting ducts (CCD)", "title": "Trans-tubular potassium gradient" }, { "id": "1596935", "text": "Kansas City standard The Kansas City standard (KCS), or \"Byte\" standard, is a way of storing digital data on standard audio cassettes at data rates of 300 to 2400 bits per second (at 300–2400 baud) that was first defined in 1976. It was the default encoding used by several machine families, including those from Acorn and the MSX. It was also the standard used for cross-platform BASICODE distribution. It originated in a symposium sponsored by \"Byte\" magazine in November 1975 in Kansas City, Missouri to develop a standard for storage of digital microcomputer data on inexpensive consumer quality cassettes. Although", "title": "Kansas City standard" }, { "id": "1956339", "text": "Molar concentration Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles per litre, having the unit symbol mol/L. A solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L is said to be 1 molar, commonly designated as 1 \"M\". Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. For", "title": "Molar concentration" }, { "id": "1944102", "text": "Bit rate In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable \"R\") is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. The bit rate is quantified using the bits per second unit (symbol: \"bit/s\"), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as \"kilo\" (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), \"mega\" (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), \"giga\" (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or \"tera\" (1 Tbit/s = 1000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation \"bps\" is often used to replace the standard symbol \"bit/s\", so that, for example, \"1 Mbps\" is used to mean one million", "title": "Bit rate" }, { "id": "13928586", "text": "Measurement of land in Punjab The following are the basic 'measurements of land used in Pakistan Punjab , Indian Punjab and Haryana' in ascending order. This is the current standard system of measurement of farm land. A killa or Acre is measured rectangularly, reckoned as an area 36 karams (198 ft) x 40 karams (220 ft) (43,560 square ft). 5/8th of a Killa or Acre is known as Bigha Kothis (residential homes) and havelis (traditional mansions) are measured in marlas and kanaals. Most are two to four kanaals but the big ones can be anything from four to six kanaals.", "title": "Measurement of land in Punjab" }, { "id": "4024609", "text": "at about 50 weeks. Gestating cats require approximately 90–100 kcal/kg BW, up to 1.5 times the energy required of normal adult maintenance. Lactating cats require 90–270 kcal/kg BW depending on litter size and they require between 2 and 2.5 times the energy needed for normal adult maintenance. Vitamin deficiencies can lead to wide-ranging clinical abnormalities that reflect the diversity of their metabolic roles. Twelve minerals are known to be essential nutrients for cats. Calcium and phosphorus are crucial to strong bones and teeth. Cats need other minerals, such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium, for nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and", "title": "Cat food" }, { "id": "852588", "text": "High color High color graphics (variously spelled Highcolor, Hicolor, Hi-color, Hicolour, and Highcolour, and known as Thousands of colors on a Macintosh or TrueColor on a Atari Falcon) is a method of storing image information in a computer's memory such that each pixel is represented by two bytes. Usually the color is represented by all 16 bits, but some devices also support 15-bit high color. More recently, \"high color\" has been used by Microsoft to distinguish display systems that can make use of more than 8-bits per color channel (10:10:10:2 or 16:16:16:16 rendering formats) from traditional 8-bit per color channel", "title": "High color" }, { "id": "549627", "text": "equilibrium pressure must exceed total atmospheric pressure of 101 kPa, which happens at 898 °C. Calcium carbonate is poorly soluble in pure water (47 mg/L at normal atmospheric CO partial pressure as shown below). The equilibrium of its solution is given by the equation (with dissolved calcium carbonate on the right): where the solubility product for [Ca] [CO] is given as anywhere from \"K\" = 3.7×10 to \"K\" = 8.7×10 at 25 °C, depending upon the data source. What the equation means is that the product of molar concentration of calcium ions (moles of dissolved Ca per liter of solution)", "title": "Calcium carbonate" }, { "id": "89928", "text": "speak of the color temperature of, e.g., a green or a purple light. Color temperature is conventionally expressed in kelvin, using the symbol K, a unit of measure for absolute temperature. Color temperatures over 5000 K are called \"cool colors\" (bluish), while lower color temperatures (2700–3000 K) are called \"warm colors\" (yellowish). \"Warm\" in this context is an analogy to radiated heat flux of traditional incandescent lighting rather than temperature. The spectral peak of warm-coloured light is closer to infrared, and most natural warm-coloured light sources emit significant infrared radiation. The fact that \"warm\" lighting in this sense actually has", "title": "Color temperature" }, { "id": "4024608", "text": "paper bags, sometimes with a plastic film layer; similar bag styles with film laminates or coextrusions are also used. Wet cat food is often packed in aluminum cans or steel cans. Packaging regulations for cat food are often very similar to corresponding regulations for human foods. The energy requirements for adult cats range from 60–70 kcal metabolizable energy/kg body weight (BW) per day for inactive cats to 80–90 kcal/kg BW for active cats. Kittens at five weeks of age require 250 kcal/kg BW. The requirement drops with age, to 100 kcal/kg BW at 30 weeks and to the adult requirement", "title": "Cat food" }, { "id": "4493387", "text": "hydrated. For example, 1 g of glycogen can bind approximately 2 g of water, which translates to 1.33 kcal/g (4 kcal/3 g). This means that fatty acids can hold more than six times the amount of energy per unit of storage mass. Put another way, if the human body relied on carbohydrates to store energy, then a person would need to carry 31 kg (67.5 lb) of hydrated glycogen to have the energy equivalent to 4.6 kg (10 lb) of fat. Hibernating animals provide a good example for utilizing fat reserves as fuel. For example, bears hibernate for about 7", "title": "Fatty acid metabolism" }, { "id": "10869112", "text": "year, along with the Cal Grant GPA verification Form. Students that do not have a high school GPA to submit (such as students that were homeschooling, attended charter school or have a GED) may substitute their GED, ACT, or SAT scores. This award may be applied to tuition and other fees at public or private colleges for students working towards an associate's or bachelor's degree. The grant covers $5,742 at Cal State schools and $12,630 at UC schools. Up to $9,223 is given to students attending a private school. This award is given to low income students as a living", "title": "Cal Grant" }, { "id": "7891907", "text": "county programs transitioned to Medi-Cal when the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act took effect in 2014. Medi-Cal The California Medical Assistance Program (Medi-Cal or MediCal) is California's Medicaid program serving low-income individuals, including families, seniors, persons with disabilities, children in foster care, pregnant women, and childless adults with incomes below 138% of federal poverty level. Benefits include ambulatory patient services, emergency services, hospitalization, maternity and newborn care, mental health and substance use disorder treatment, dental (Denti-Cal), vision, and long term care and supports. Approximately 13.3 million people were enrolled in Medi-Cal as of January 2018, or about one-third of", "title": "Medi-Cal" }, { "id": "81103", "text": "contains approximately four calories. Alcohol in a food contains seven calories per gram. In other scientific contexts, the term \"calorie\" almost always refers to the small calorie. Even though it is not an SI unit, it is still used in chemistry. For example, the energy released in a chemical reaction per mole of reagent is occasionally expressed in kilocalories per mole. Typically, this use was largely due to the ease with which it could be calculated in laboratory reactions, especially in aqueous solution: a volume of reagent dissolved in water forming a solution, with concentration expressed in moles per liter", "title": "Calorie" }, { "id": "13228628", "text": "Troy ounce = 10 Tola<br> Commodity weight 20 CWT = 1 Ton avoirdupois = 40 Bushel = 160 Stones<br> 4 Stones = 1 Bushel = 56 Pound<br> 1 hundredweight (cwt) = 112 Pound = 2 Bushel + 8 Stones<br> 14 Pounds avoirdupois = 1 Stone avoirdupois<br> 16 Ounces avoirdupois = 1 Pound avoirdupois \"Conversion\" 1 Ounce avoirdupois = 28.349523 gram approx.<br> 1 Pound avoirdupois = 453.59237 gram<br> 1 Ton avoirdupois = 2240 pounds avoirdupois<br> Weight of 1 Barley corn = 64.79891 milligram<br> One Troy Ounce = 31.1034768 gram<br> 3.75 Troy ounce = 10 Tola Length In 1950s, Miles and Furlongs", "title": "Indian units of measurement" }, { "id": "542304", "text": "it to the flow into an empty reference pan. In a heat flux DSC, both pans sit on a small slab of material with a known (calibrated) heat resistance K. The temperature of the calorimeter is raised linearly with time (scanned), i.e., the heating rate dT/dt = β is kept constant. This time linearity requires good design and good (computerized) temperature control. Of course, controlled cooling and isothermal experiments are also possible. Heat flows into the two pans by conduction. The flow of heat into the sample is larger because of its heat capacity \"C\". The difference in flow \"dq\"/\"dt\"", "title": "Calorimeter" }, { "id": "7873173", "text": "molecule and independent of the nature of its neighbors: The following example illustrates how these values can be derived. The experimental heat of formation of ethane is -20.03 kcal/mol and ethane consists of 2 P groups. Likewise propane (-25.02 kcal/mol) can be written as 2P+S, isobutane (-32.07) as 3P+T and neopentane (-40.18 kcal/mol) as 4P+Q. These four equations and 4 unknowns work out to estimations for P (-10.01 kcal/mol), S (-4.99 kcal/mol), T (-2.03 kcal/mol) and Q (-0.12 kcal/mol). Of course the accuracy will increase when the dataset increases. the data allow the calculation of heat of formation for isomers.", "title": "Heat of formation group additivity" }, { "id": "248936", "text": "used with SI prefixes. The most commonly used derived unit is the millilitre, defined as one-thousandth of a litre, and also often referred to by the SI derived unit name \"cubic centimetre\". It is a commonly used measure, especially in medicine, cooking and automotive engineering. Other units may be found in the table below, where the more often used terms are in bold. However, some authorities advise against some of them; for example, in the United States, NIST advocates using the millilitre or litre instead of the centilitre. One litre is slightly more than one US liquid quart and slightly", "title": "Litre" }, { "id": "4493386", "text": "carbohydrate diet, prolonged heavy exercise and uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus is known as ketosis, and, in its extreme form, in out-of-control type 1 diabetes mellitus, as ketoacidosis. Fatty acids, stored as triglycerides in an organism, are an important source of energy because they are both reduced and anhydrous. The energy yield from a gram of fatty acids is approximately 9 kcal (37 kJ), compared to 4 kcal (17 kJ) for carbohydrates. Since the hydrocarbon portion of fatty acids is hydrophobic, these molecules can be stored in a relatively anhydrous (water-free) environment. Carbohydrates, on the other hand, are more highly", "title": "Fatty acid metabolism" }, { "id": "14640068", "text": "wavelength of 700 nm in the photosystem I, corresponding to an energy of each photon of ≈ 2 eV ≈ 3 x 10 J ≈ 75 kT, where kT denotes the thermal energy. A minimum of 48 photons is needed for the synthesis of a single glucose molecule from CO and water (chemical potential difference 5 x 10 J) with a maximal energy conversion efficiency of 35%. Photon energy Photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon. The amount of energy is directly proportional to the photon's electromagnetic frequency and inversely proportional to the wavelength. The higher the", "title": "Photon energy" }, { "id": "1596105", "text": "many solids composed of relatively heavy atoms (atomic number > iron), at non-cryogenic temperatures, the heat capacity at room temperature approaches 3R = 24.94 joules per kelvin per mole of atoms (Dulong–Petit law, R is the gas constant). Low temperature approximations for both gases and solids at temperatures less than their characteristic Einstein temperatures or Debye temperatures can be made by the methods of Einstein and Debye discussed below. Water (liquid): CP = 4185.5 J/(kg⋅K) (15 °C, 101.325 kPa) Water (liquid): CVH = 74.539 J/(mol⋅K) (25 °C) For liquids and gases, it is important to know the pressure to which", "title": "Heat capacity" }, { "id": "2183032", "text": "levels, and therefore reference ranges, depend on the sample type (blood or urine), analytical method used, and factors such as age and sex. Test results should, therefore, always be interpreted using the reference range from the laboratory that produced the result. Using the molecular weight of 362.460 g/mole, the conversion factor from µg/dl to nmol/l is approximately 27.6; thus, 10 µg/dl is about 276 nmol/l. Some medical disorders are related to abnormal cortisol production, such as: The primary control of cortisol is the pituitary gland peptide, ACTH, which probably controls cortisol by controlling the movement of calcium into the cortisol-secreting", "title": "Cortisol" }, { "id": "3257766", "text": "Potassium bitartrate Potassium bitartrate, also known as potassium hydrogen tartrate, with formula KCHO, is a byproduct of winemaking. In cooking it is known as cream of tartar. It is the potassium acid salt of tartaric acid (a carboxylic acid). It can be used in baking or as a cleaning solution (when mixed with an acidic solution such as lemon juice or white vinegar). Potassium bitartrate crystallizes in wine casks during the fermentation of grape juice, and can precipitate out of wine in bottles. The crystals (wine diamonds) will often form on the underside of a cork in wine-filled bottles that", "title": "Potassium bitartrate" }, { "id": "5105212", "text": "Ricco's law Several laws describe a human's ability to visually detect targets on a uniform background. One such law is Riccò's law, discovered by astronomer Annibale Riccò. This law explains the visual relationship between a target angular area \"A\" and target contrast \"C\" required for detection when that target is unresolved (that is, is too small in the field of view to make out different parts of it). It is given by: where \"K\" is a constant (for a given background, see below). Riccò's law is applicable for regions where the target being detected is unresolved. The resolution of the", "title": "Ricco's law" }, { "id": "3728995", "text": "Hypokalemia Hypokalemia, also spelled hypokalaemia, is a low level of potassium (K) in the blood serum. Mildly low levels do not typically cause symptoms. Symptoms may include feeling tired, leg cramps, weakness, and constipation. It increases the risk of an abnormal heart rhythm, which is often too slow, and can cause cardiac arrest. Causes of hypokalemia include vomiting, diarrhea, medications like furosemide and steroids, dialysis, diabetes insipidus, hyperaldosteronism, hypomagnesemia, and not enough intake in the diet. Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels below 3.5 mmol/L defined as hypokalemia. It is classified", "title": "Hypokalemia" }, { "id": "18549785", "text": "m as it was legally defined. Some other units and legal equivalents are given below: 1 caballeria = 12 fanega 1 labor = 18 fanega 1 sitio = 492.28 fanega. Two systems, dry and liquid, were used. Several units were used. One cuartillo was equal to 1.891 8 l as it was legally defined. Some other units and legal equivalents are given below: 1 almud = 4 cuartillo 1 fanega = 48 cuartillo 1 carga = 96 cuartillo. Several units were used. Some units and legal equivalents are given below: 1 cuartillo (for wine) = 0.456 264 l 1 cuartillo", "title": "Mexican units of measurement" }, { "id": "10177604", "text": "factors have been removed) using immunoassays such as nephelometry or particle-enhanced turbidimetry. It is a more expensive test than serum creatinine (around $2 or $3, compared to $0.02 to $0.15), which can be measured with a Jaffé reaction. Reference values differ in many populations and with sex and age. Across different studies, the mean reference interval (as defined by the 5th and 95th percentile) was between 0.52 and 0.98 mg/L. For women, the average reference interval is 0.52 to 0.90 mg/L with a mean of 0.71 mg/L. For men, the average reference interval is 0.56 to 0.98 mg/L with a", "title": "Cystatin C" }, { "id": "5530704", "text": "(Alaska), $0.22 (San Diego Tier 1, while Tier 2 is $.40) and $0.2783 (Hawaii). One GGE of natural gas is 126.67 cubic feet (3.587 m) at standard conditions. This volume of natural gas has the same energy content as one US gallon of gasoline (based on lower heating values: 900 BTU/cu ft of natural gas and 115,000 BTU/gal of gasoline). One GGE of CNG pressurized at is 0.77 cubic foot (21.8 liters or 5.75 Gallons). This volume of CNG at 2,400 psi has the same energy content as one US gallon of gasoline (based on lower heating values: 148,144 BTU/cu", "title": "Gasoline gallon equivalent" } ]

[ "Necessity" ]

[ { "id": "16651429", "text": "Necessity is the mother of invention \"Necessity is the mother of invention\" is an English-language proverb. It means, roughly, that the primary driving force for most new inventions is a need. \"When the need for something becomes imperative, you are forced to find ways of getting or achieving it.\" The author of this proverb is unknown. This phrase was familiar in England, but in Latin, not in English. In 1519, the headmaster of Winchester and Eton, William Horman, used the Latin phrase \"Mater artium necessitas\" in his book \"Vulgaria\". In 1545 Roger Ascham used a close English version, \"Necessitie, the", "title": "Necessity is the mother of invention" }, { "id": "16651432", "text": "of futile dodges\" is much nearer to the truth.\" Necessity is the mother of invention \"Necessity is the mother of invention\" is an English-language proverb. It means, roughly, that the primary driving force for most new inventions is a need. \"When the need for something becomes imperative, you are forced to find ways of getting or achieving it.\" The author of this proverb is unknown. This phrase was familiar in England, but in Latin, not in English. In 1519, the headmaster of Winchester and Eton, William Horman, used the Latin phrase \"Mater artium necessitas\" in his book \"Vulgaria\". In 1545", "title": "Necessity is the mother of invention" }, { "id": "16651430", "text": "inuentour of all goodnesse\", in his book \"Toxophilus\". In 1608, George Chapman, in his two-part play \"The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron\", used a very similar phrase: \"The great Mother, Of all productions (graue Necessity)\". But, the earliest actual usage of the proverb \"Necessity is the mother of invention\" is sometimes ascribed to Richard Franck, who used it in his book \"Northern Memoirs\", calculated for the meridian of Scotland (1658). Commonly misattributed due to Benjamin Jowett's popular idiomatic translation (1871) of \"Plato's Republic\", Book II, 369c as \"The true creator is necessity, who is the mother of", "title": "Necessity is the mother of invention" }, { "id": "14703097", "text": "The Mother of Invention The Mother of Invention is a 2009 American mockumentary-style comedy film directed by Joseph M. Petrick and Andrew Bowser, with screenplay by Petrick. The film stars Jimmi Simpson, Kevin Corrigan, Mark Boone Junior, Dee Wallace, Craig Anton, Ruby Wendell, F. Jason Whitaker and Chris Hardwick. It features cameos by Dave Allen, Chris Franjola, Keir O'Donnell, Martha Madison and Ron Lynch. The film premiered at the 2009 Sci-Fi-London film festival internationally and the Hollywood Film Festival domestically. The original score was composed and performed by Jim Hanft and the credits feature an original song by the band", "title": "The Mother of Invention" }, { "id": "16651431", "text": "our invention.\" Jowett's translation is noted for injecting flowery, if not florid, language familiar to his Victorian era audience. Jowett himself, in \"Plato's Republic: The Greek Text\", Vol. III \"Notes\", 1894, p. 82, gives a literal translation of Plato as \"our need will be the real creator,\" without the proverbial flourish. In an address to the Mathematical Association of England on the importance of education in 1917, Alfred North Whitehead argued that \"\"the basis of invention is science, and science is almost wholly the outgrowth of pleasurable intellectual curiosity.\"\" and in contrast to the old proverb \"\"Necessity is the mother", "title": "Necessity is the mother of invention" }, { "id": "14703098", "text": "Copeland. The film was released on DVD and digitally on June 14, 2011 and can be purchased at the iTunes Store and Amazon.com. It became available on Netflix for instant streaming on August 2, 2011. The film follows Vincent Dooly (Andrew Bowser), an aspiring inventor who dreams of winning the Thomas Alva Edison Award for Young Inventors (or \"Eddy\"). Each year, he enters and each year he humiliates himself with an invention that malfunctions in one way or another. A documentary crew follows Vincent in the last year that he is eligible to compete for the award, at the same", "title": "The Mother of Invention" }, { "id": "804979", "text": "Mary, mother of Jesus Mary was a 1st-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth, and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran. The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament and the Quran describe Mary as a virgin; according to Christian teaching she conceived Jesus while a virgin, through the Holy Spirit. The miraculous conception took place when she was already betrothed to Joseph. She accompanied Joseph to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born. The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to Mary", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "id": "7006083", "text": "Shiphrah Shiphrah ( \"\") was one of two midwives who helped prevent a genocide of Hebrew children by the Egyptians, according to Exodus 1:15-21. Pharaoh orders the Hebrew midwives Shiphrah and Puah to kill all newborn Hebrew boys. They disobey, and when he asks them why, they tell him that Hebrew women give birth so quickly that the midwives can´t get there in time. God \"dealt well with the midwives\" and \"made them houses\". The 11th century Jewish rabbi Rashi's Talmud commentary on the passage from Exodus identifies Shiphrah with Jochebed, the mother of Moses, and Puah with Miriam, Moses'", "title": "Shiphrah" }, { "id": "14703099", "text": "time following Martin Wooderson (Jimmi Simpson), a smug wunderkind with a long history of winning the award with dull but marketable inventions. Through the months leading up to the Eddy's, Vincent mentions (in a clandestine manner) an invention he is working on that he is sure will change his losing streak but refuses to reveal more. We meet Vincent's best friend Gunter (F. Jason Whitaker), his endlessly supportive mother (Dee Wallace), his tweaked-out father (Mark Boone Junior), his love-interest, Jenny, a waitress who works at a local diner he frequently visits (Ruby Wendell) as well as his hero, a surly", "title": "The Mother of Invention" }, { "id": "1630551", "text": "One God (The \"Brahman\"), as well as the empowering and protective nature of motherhood. From her forehead sprang Kali, who defeated Durga's enemy, Shumbh. Kali (the feminine form of Kaala\" i.e. \"time\") is the primordial energy as power of Time, literally, the \"creator or doer of time\"—her first manifestation. After time, she manifests as \"space\", as Tara, from which point further creation of the material universe progresses. The divine Mother, Devi Adi parashakti, manifests herself in various forms, representing the universal creative force. She becomes Mother Nature (Mula Prakriti), who gives birth to all life forms as plants, animals, and", "title": "Mother goddess" }, { "id": "4637811", "text": "Mother Nature Mother Nature (sometimes known as Mother Earth or the Earth-Mother) is a common personification of nature that focuses on the life-giving and nurturing aspects of nature by embodying it, in the form of the mother. The word \"nature\" comes from the Latin word, \"\"natura\"\", meaning birth or character (see nature (innate)). In English its first recorded use (in the sense of the entirety of the phenomena of the world) was in 1266 A.D.. \"Natura\", and the personification of Mother Nature, was widely popular in the Middle Ages. As a concept, seated between the properly divine and the human,", "title": "Mother Nature" }, { "id": "15361002", "text": "\"Mother-of-Pearl Lake\" or \"Jade Lake\"). She is also known in contemporary sources as the Lady Queen Mother. In the Maternist current of Chinese salvationist religions she is the main deity and is called upon as the Eternal Venerable Mother. Tang writers called her \"Golden Mother the First Ruler\", the \"Golden Mother of Tortoise Mountain\", \"She of the Nine Numina and the Grand Marvel\", and the \"Perfected Marvel of the Western Florescence and Ultimate Worthy of the Cavernous Darkness\". Commoners and poets of the era referred to her more simply as the \"Queen Mother\", the \"Divine Mother\", or simply \"Nanny\" (\"Amah\").", "title": "Queen Mother of the West" }, { "id": "9904098", "text": "were understood in terms of the Egyptian doctrine of parthenogenesis, which was connected with the goddess Neith of Sais. (page 220) In Upper Egypt, Net was worshipped at Seni and represented with the head of a lioness painted green, with the titles: \"Father of fathers and Mother of mothers,\" and \"net-Menhit, the great lady, lady of the south, the great cow who gave birth to the sun, who made the germ of gods and men, the mother of Ra, who raised up Tem in primeval time, who existed when nothing else had being, and who created that which exists after", "title": "Miraculous births" }, { "id": "908504", "text": "from the body of Cipactli, the crocodilomorphic sea monster, and was a solid, living land that generated food for humankind. Cipactli was mother nature, from whom was created the surface and soil that was Tlaltícpac. The myth recounts the following. From Cipactli's hair sprang trees, flowers and plants, from her skin sprang plains, valleys and river sediments, from her eyes came wells, caves and fountains, from her mouth sprang rivers, lakes and streams, from her nose came valleys, ranges and mesas, from her shoulders the saw-toothed mountain ranges, volcanoes and mountains. As they organized the universe horizontally and vertically, the", "title": "Mictlān" }, { "id": "3993607", "text": "as \"Lady of Living\" and \"Lady of the Rib\"), to cure Enki Some scholars suggest that this served as the basis for the story of Eve as \"the mother of life\" and lady of the rib, created from Adam's rib in the Book of Genesis. The narratives in Genesis 1 and 2 were not the only creation myths in ancient Israel, and the complete biblical evidence suggests two contrasting models. The first is the \"logos\" (meaning speech) model, where a supreme God \"speaks\" dormant matter into existence. The second is the \"agon\" (meaning struggle or combat) model, in which it", "title": "Genesis creation narrative" }, { "id": "317163", "text": "is too powerful for you, you address her as your mother\" and \"Do not call your mother's co-wife your mother...\" In Nepali, there is a set of totally contradictory proverbs: \"Religion is victorious and sin erodes\" and \"Religion erodes and sin is victorious\". Also, the following pair are counter proverbs from the Kasena of Ghana: \"It is the patient person who will milk a barren cow\" and \"The person who would milk a barren cow must prepare for a kick on the forehead\". The two contradict each other, whether they are used in an argument or not (though indeed they", "title": "Proverb" }, { "id": "12461237", "text": "proverb is this: \"A person who does not remember where he (she) came from will never reach his (her) destination\". Of Tagalog origin, it conveys and urges one person to give \"importance in looking back at one’s roots and origins.\" The maxim also exemplifies a Filipino value known as the \"\"utang na loob\"\", one’s \"debt of gratitude\" to the persons who have contributed to an individual’s success. Damiana L. Eugenio, a professor from the University of the Philippines, author of \"Philippine Proverb Lore\" (1975), and who is also referred to as the \"Mother of Philippine Folklore\" grouped Filipino proverbs into", "title": "Filipino proverbs" }, { "id": "18264198", "text": "and returns to her village, she has lands to work on to earn a living. While the son is considered more robust, can live under any conditions and have lesser need for a house. The ancestral land is guarded by male clan leaders, chiefdom's and chieftain. An Adat Perpatih woman may not sell the land or pass the land to her sons. If she does not have any daughters, she may pass the land to her son´s daughters by adopting them and thus passing her clan and tribe name to them through a ceremony called berkedim. Property or land that", "title": "Adat perpatih" }, { "id": "14703100", "text": "junkyard worker (Kevin Corrigan). As the story moves along we see Vincent's attempt at perfecting his many inventions and see him emotionally prepare for his last chance to win the coveted award while attempting to win the heart of Jenny. The film culminates at the award ceremony where Vincent and Martin unveil their final inventions, preparing for the prize. The Mother of Invention The Mother of Invention is a 2009 American mockumentary-style comedy film directed by Joseph M. Petrick and Andrew Bowser, with screenplay by Petrick. The film stars Jimmi Simpson, Kevin Corrigan, Mark Boone Junior, Dee Wallace, Craig Anton,", "title": "The Mother of Invention" }, { "id": "317125", "text": "not possible to trace the direction of borrowing a proverb between languages. This is complicated by the fact that the borrowing may have been through plural languages. In some cases, it is possible to make a strong case for discerning the direction of the borrowing based on an artistic form of the proverb in one language, but a prosaic form in another language. For example, in Ethiopia there is a proverb \"Of mothers and water, there is none evil.\" It is found in Amharic, Alaaba language, and Oromo, three languages of Ethiopia: The Oromo version uses poetic features, such as", "title": "Proverb" }, { "id": "4567685", "text": "to the \"relentless consumer culture of America\". The sound was raw, but the arrangements were sophisticated. While recording in the studio, some of the additional session musicians were shocked that they were expected to read the notes on sheet music from charts with Zappa conducting them, since it was not standard when recording rock music. The lyrics praised non-conformity, disparaged authorities, and had dadaist elements. Yet, there was a place for seemingly conventional love songs. Most compositions are Zappa's, which set a precedent for the rest of his recording career. He had full control over the arrangements and musical decisions", "title": "The Mothers of Invention" }, { "id": "1630552", "text": "such from Herself, and she sustains and nourishes them through her body, that is the earth with its animal life, vegetation, and minerals. Ultimately she re-absorbs all life forms back into herself, or \"devours\" them to sustain herself as the power of death feeding on life to produce new life. She also gives rise to Maya (the illusory world) and to prakriti, the force that galvanizes the divine ground of existence into self-projection as the cosmos. The Earth itself is manifested by Adi parashakti. Hindu worship of the divine Mother can be traced back to pre-vedic, prehistoric India. The form", "title": "Mother goddess" }, { "id": "895217", "text": "Jörð In Norse mythology, Jörð (Old Norse \"jǫrð\", \"earth\" pronounced , Icelandic Jörð, pronounced , sometimes Anglicized as Jord or Jorth; also called Jarð, as in Old East Norse), is a female jötunn. She is the mother of the thunder god Thor, son of Odin, and the personification of earth. Fjörgyn and Hlóðyn are considered to be other names for Jörð. Some scholars refer to Jörð as a goddess. Jörð's name appears in skaldic poetry both as a poetic term for the land and in kennings for Thor. \"Jörð\" is the common word for \"earth\" in Old Norse, as are", "title": "Jörð" }, { "id": "12685051", "text": "kids are polite and sweet. Emily is married to Jason, the breadwinner in the family, who likes his food to be organic and determined to make sure that his family is at the top of their class. Loosely based on the popular online web series created by Mindshare and produced by Science + Fiction and Microsoft's Branded Entertainment and Experience Team (BEET) in 2007 in conjunction with Suave hair care products and Sprint Nextel, this adaptation chronicled the daily and hilarious perils of three mothers, with most of their stories being adapted from everyday real-life mothers. The success of the", "title": "In the Motherhood" }, { "id": "805035", "text": "by God\"; cared for by (one of the prophets as per Islam) Zakariya (Zacharias); that in her childhood she resided in the Temple and uniquely had access to Al-Mihrab (understood to be the Holy of Holies), and was provided with heavenly \"provisions\" by God. Mary is also called a \"Chosen One\"; a \"Purified One\"; a \"Truthful one\"; her child conceived through \"a Word from God\"; and \"exalted above all women of The Worlds/Universes (the material and heavenly worlds)\". The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an and . These state beliefs in both the Immaculate", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "id": "961239", "text": "Meskhenet In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, (also spelt Mesenet, Meskhent, and Meshkent) was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth. She was worshipped from the earliest of times by Egyptians. In ancient Egypt, women delivered babies while squatting on a pair of bricks, known as \"birth bricks\", and Meskhenet was the goddess associated with this form of delivery. Consequently, in art, she was sometimes depicted as a brick with a woman's head, wearing a cow's uterus upon it. At other times", "title": "Meskhenet" }, { "id": "4637817", "text": "Thorani, but her role in Buddhist mythology differs considerably from that of Mother Nature. In the Malay Archipelago, that role is filled by Dewi Sri, \"The Rice-mother in the East Indies\". Mother Nature Mother Nature (sometimes known as Mother Earth or the Earth-Mother) is a common personification of nature that focuses on the life-giving and nurturing aspects of nature by embodying it, in the form of the mother. The word \"nature\" comes from the Latin word, \"\"natura\"\", meaning birth or character (see nature (innate)). In English its first recorded use (in the sense of the entirety of the phenomena of", "title": "Mother Nature" }, { "id": "805064", "text": "been portrayed in various films and on television, including: <br> Mary, mother of Jesus Mary was a 1st-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth, and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran. The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament and the Quran describe Mary as a virgin; according to Christian teaching she conceived Jesus while a virgin, through the Holy Spirit. The miraculous conception took place when she was already betrothed to Joseph. She accompanied Joseph to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born. The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "id": "19216005", "text": "of Hinduism, \"Sattva\" is the \"Guna\" that is the innate attribute and quality of balance, harmony, goodness, purity, universalizing, holistic, constructive, creative, building, positive, peaceful, virtuous. In verse 3, states Deussen, Maya (Prakriti, nature) is stated to be the mother of all of the empirical universe, eternal, firm and of eight-fold form. She is impartial, and those who do not know their inner self, exploit her (Prakriti) for their enjoyment. This mother is like a milking cow, the procreatress, states the Upanishad, who generously cultivates all beings, with the three Gunas. Those driven by their senses are countless, and like", "title": "Mantrika Upanishad" }, { "id": "11857294", "text": "Asase Ya Asase Ya (or Asase Yaa, Asaase Yaa, Asaase Afua; pronounced: \"ah-SAY-suh yah\") is the Earth goddess of fertility of the Ashanti people ethnic group of Ashanti City-State of Ghana. She is also known as Mother Earth or Aberewaa. Asase Yaa is the wife of Nyame the Sky deity, who created the universe. Asase Yaa gave birth to the two children, Bea and Tano. Bea is also named Bia. Asase Yaa is also the mother of Anansi, the trickster, and divine stepmother of the sacred high chiefs. Asase Yaa is very powerful, though no temples are dedicated to her,", "title": "Asase Ya" }, { "id": "961241", "text": "born, Meskhenet appears and prophesies that he will become king of Egypt. Meskhenet In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, (also spelt Mesenet, Meskhent, and Meshkent) was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth. She was worshipped from the earliest of times by Egyptians. In ancient Egypt, women delivered babies while squatting on a pair of bricks, known as \"birth bricks\", and Meskhenet was the goddess associated with this form of delivery. Consequently, in art, she was sometimes depicted as a brick with", "title": "Meskhenet" }, { "id": "805060", "text": "incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the \"Virgin\" Mary\" (the Nicene Creed in what is now its familiar form) and the Apostles' Creed. The Gospel of Matthew describes Mary as a virgin who fulfilled the prophecy of , mistranslating the Hebrew word \"alma\" (\"young woman\") in Isaiah 7:14 as \"virgin\", though. The authors of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke consider Jesus' conception not the result of intercourse and assert that Mary had \"no relations with man\" before Jesus' birth. This alludes to the belief that Mary conceived Jesus through the action of God the Holy Spirit, and not through", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "id": "10233799", "text": "worship of the Mother deity can be traced back to early Vedic culture, and perhaps even before. The Rigveda calls the divine female power Mahimata (R.V. 1.164.33), literally Great Mother and also called Mother Earth. In places, the Vedic literature alludes to her as Viraj, the universal mother, as Aditi, the mother of gods, and as Ambhrini, the one born of the Primeval Ocean. Durga, the wife of Shiva, is a warrior goddess who represents the empowering and protective nature of motherhood. An incarnation of Durga is Kali, who came from her forehead during war (as a means of defeating", "title": "Heavenly Mother" }, { "id": "15003371", "text": "Naamah (wife of Solomon) Naamah (\"pleasant\") was an ancient queen consort, wife of King Solomon and mother of his heir Rehoboam, according to both , and in the Hebrew Bible. She was an Ammonite, and the only one of all the Queens Mother of Israel or Judah who was a foreigner. She was also the only one of Solomon's wives to be mentioned, within the Hebrew Bible, as having borne a child. Naamah is praised in \"Bava Kamma\" 38b for her righteousness, on account of which Moses had previously been warned by God not to make war upon the Ammonites,", "title": "Naamah (wife of Solomon)" }, { "id": "7003563", "text": "her mother, and she was brought up in the house of Jacob, whose affection she won by her remarkable piety and virtue. The best known of the midrashim about her tells of how she was the first to inform Jacob that his son Joseph was still alive. Fearing that the news would be too much of a shock for the old man, however, she informs Jacob while he is praying, and sings in rhyme that Joseph is “alive and living in Egypt, and has two sons, Menassah and Ephraim.” (Egypt in Hebrew is Mitzrayim, which rhymes with Ephraim.) In return,", "title": "Serah" }, { "id": "11857298", "text": "Edward Long and other historians who observed their slaves. Asase Ya Asase Ya (or Asase Yaa, Asaase Yaa, Asaase Afua; pronounced: \"ah-SAY-suh yah\") is the Earth goddess of fertility of the Ashanti people ethnic group of Ashanti City-State of Ghana. She is also known as Mother Earth or Aberewaa. Asase Yaa is the wife of Nyame the Sky deity, who created the universe. Asase Yaa gave birth to the two children, Bea and Tano. Bea is also named Bia. Asase Yaa is also the mother of Anansi, the trickster, and divine stepmother of the sacred high chiefs. Asase Yaa is", "title": "Asase Ya" }, { "id": "2987679", "text": "Mokosh Mokoš () is a Slavic goddess mentioned in the Primary Chronicle, protector of women's work and women's destiny. She watches over spinning and weaving, shearing of sheep, and protects women in childbirth. Mokosh is the Great Mother. Mokoš was the only female deity whose idol was erected by Vladimir the Great in his Kiev sanctuary along with statues of other major gods (Perun, Hors, Dažbog, Stribog, and Simargl). Mokosh probably means moisture. According to Max Vasmer, her name is derived from the same root as Slavic words \"mokry\", 'wet', and \"moknut(i)\", 'get wet'. Or to dive deeply into something.", "title": "Mokosh" }, { "id": "8524223", "text": "element of vapor becomes differentiated into dual elements of male and female, Yin and Yang, hard and soft matter, and other binary elements.\" The \"Tao Te Ching\", written sometime before the 4th century , suggests a less mythical Chinese cosmogony and has some of the earliest allusions to creation. There was something featureless yet complete, born before heaven and earth; Silent—amorphous—it stood alone and unchanging. We may regard it as the mother of heaven and earth. Not knowing its name, I style it the \"Way.\" The Way gave birth to unity, Unity gave birth to duality, Duality gave birth to", "title": "Chinese creation myths" }, { "id": "6565257", "text": "Âu Cơ Âu Cơ (嫗姬) was, according to the creation myth of the Vietnamese people, an immortal mountain fairy who married Lạc Long Quân (), and bore an egg sac that hatched a hundred children known collectively as Bách Việt, ancestors to the Vietnamese people. Âu Cơ is often honored as the mother of Vietnamese civilization. Âu Cơ was a young, beautiful fairy who lived high in the mountains. She traveled to heal those who suffered because she was skillful in medicine and had a sympathetic heart. One day, a monster frightened her, so she turned into a crane to", "title": "Âu Cơ" }, { "id": "7796788", "text": "the wisdom of thy words\"\" (Amenemope, ch. 21):\"Empty not thine inmost soul to everyone, nor spoil (thereby) thine influence\" (Proverbs 23:10): \"\"Remove not the widows landmark; And enter not into the field of the fatherless.\"\" (Amenemope, ch. 6): \"Remove not the landmark from the bounds of the field...and violate not the widows boundary\" (Proverbs 23:12):\"\"Apply thine heart unto instruction and thine ears to the words of knowledge\"\" (Amenemope, ch. 1):\"Give thine ears, hear the words that are said, give thine heart to interpret them.\" Instruction of Amenemope Instruction of Amenemope (also called \"Instructions of Amenemopet\", \"Wisdom of Amenemopet\") is a", "title": "Instruction of Amenemope" }, { "id": "866239", "text": "Mother of vinegar Mother of vinegar is a substance composed of a form of cellulose and acetic acid bacteria that develops on fermenting alcoholic liquids, which turns alcohol into acetic acid with the help of oxygen from the air. It is added to wine, cider, or other alcoholic liquids to produce vinegar. Mother of vinegar is also known as Mycoderma aceti, a New Latin expression, from the Greek μύκης (“fungus”) plus δέρμα (“skin”), and the Latin \"aceti\" (“of the acid”). The naming of the bacteria has been rather fluid due to its original identification near the inception of bacteriology. Currently,", "title": "Mother of vinegar" }, { "id": "8299705", "text": "Since there are no men around except Lot, the daughters decide to make him drink wine and have him unknowingly impregnate them. They each have a son, Moab and Ben-Ammi. Potiphar's Wife, whose false accusations of Joseph leads to his imprisonment. Pharaoh's Daughter, who rescues and cares for the infant Moses. Puah and Shiphrah, two Hebrew midwives who disobey Pharao's command to kill all newborn Hebrew boys. God favors them for this. Moses' wife Zipporah, who saves his life when God intends to kill him. Miriam, Moses' sister, a prophetess. The book of Joshua tells the story of Rahab the", "title": "Women in the Bible" }, { "id": "20839560", "text": "for Gender Equality in South Africa; Sara Tekola, a Black Lives Matter activist undertaking a PhD in climate science, and Rachelle Strauss, founder of Zero Waste Week. The podcast debuted on 23 July 2018. Mothers of Invention (podcast) Mothers of Invention is a podcast hosted by former President of Ireland Mary Robinson, and comedian Maeve Higgins. It is produced by Doc Society. The six-episode podcast focuses on the intersection between climate change and feminism, exploring the idea that climate change is a man-made problem with a feminist solution. Each episode of the podcast features a female guest who has been", "title": "Mothers of Invention (podcast)" }, { "id": "204469", "text": "sons of the decedent; but also, in some societies, from the mother to her daughters. Some ancient societies and most modern states employ egalitarian inheritance, without discrimination based on gender and/or birth order. The inheritance is patrilineal. The father —that is, the owner of the land— bequeaths only to his male descendants, so the Promised Land passes from one Jewish father to his sons. If there were no living sons and no descendants of any previously living sons, daughters inherit. In , the daughters of Zelophehad (Mahlah, Noa, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah) of the tribe of Manasseh come to Moses", "title": "Inheritance" }, { "id": "3043614", "text": "also common, and were of particular interest during the Renaissance. Vāc is the Hindu goddess of speech, or \"speech personified\". As Brahman's \"sacred utterance\", she has a cosmological role as the \"Mother of the Vedas\". The Aztecs' story maintains that only a man, Coxcox, and a woman, Xochiquetzal, survived a flood, having floated on a piece of bark. They found themselves on land and begat many children who were at first born unable to speak, but subsequently, upon the arrival of a dove, were endowed with language, although each one was given a different speech such that they could not", "title": "Origin of language" }, { "id": "137414", "text": "last one, Ninti (Lady Rib), is also a pun on Lady Life, a title of Ninhursag herself. The story thus symbolically reflects the way in which life is brought forth through the addition of water to the land, and once it grows, water is required to bring plants to fruit. It also counsels balance and responsibility, nothing to excess. Ninti, the title of Ninhursag, also means \"the mother of all living\", and was a title later given to the Hurrian goddess Kheba. This is also the title given in the Bible to Eve, the Hebrew and Aramaic \"Ḥawwah\" (חוה), who", "title": "Enki" }, { "id": "301625", "text": "prophecy that Troy could not be taken without him. By most accounts, Thetis, Achilles' mother, disguises the youth as a woman to hide him from the recruiters because an oracle had predicted that Achilles would either live a long uneventful life or achieve everlasting glory while dying young. Odysseus cleverly discovers which among the women before him is Achilles when the youth is the only one of them to show interest in examining the weapons hidden among an array of adornment gifts for the daughters of their host. Odysseus arranges further for the sounding of a battle horn, which prompts", "title": "Odysseus" }, { "id": "4365805", "text": "\"Devi Mahatmya\". Mahadevi (as Tridevi) is the supreme force that creates, preserves, and destroys the universe. She is the highest intelligence referred as \"Brahmavidya\". Mahadevi is the soul of the universe and the universe itself. She is the source of wealth, knowledge, forgiveness, peace, faith, fortitude, fame, modesty and mercy. The purans mention her as Nirguna Maheshwari Devi Mahamaya, meaning \"the absolute truth\", and mother of all. Along with Nirguna form Mahadevi is also mentioned as Sarguna (attributes) and Vagdevi (speech). Mahadevi In Hinduism, Mahadevi (Sanskrit: Mahādevī, Devanagari: महादेवी) or \"Great Goddess\" is the goddess or \"Devi\" that is the", "title": "Mahadevi" }, { "id": "18412188", "text": "way. Mathis Soonie’s grandmother married a slave, who died before meeting his baby girl, a girl-child born free in 1863. Years later—Soonie came. Soonie and her mother grew up on a land where they’d pick cotton and got paid little and a piece of ground to farm on. They called this land home and they shared this land with other free people. On this land they worked hard, from pink day to blue-black nights, but it was a free life nevertheless; at the end of the day they could find a thing or two to smile about. Soonie made patch", "title": "Show Way" }, { "id": "4567699", "text": "year. Upon his return to the stage in September 1972, he was still wearing a leg brace, had a noticeable limp and could not stand for very long while on stage. Zappa noted that one leg healed \"shorter than the other\" (a reference later found in the lyrics of songs \"Zomby Woof\" and \"Dancin' Fool\"), resulting in chronic back pain. Meanwhile, the Mothers were left in limbo and eventually formed the core of Flo and Eddie's band as they set out on their own. After releasing a solo jazz-oriented album \"Waka/Jawaka\", and following it up with a Mothers album, \"The", "title": "The Mothers of Invention" }, { "id": "15040082", "text": "charged mostly on credit cards. The 50-minute version of the film screened at The Landlocked Film Festival in Petrick's home town. The following year, Zella Mayzell would go on an indefinite hiatus as Bowser moved to Los Angeles with Petrick. Bowser would direct more music videos for The Color Fred, Maylene and the Sons of Disaster, The Audition, The Hush Sound and Amber Pacific. In 2008, Petrick wrote the screenplay for the feature film \"The Mother of Invention\" which Bowser would star in and co-direct with Petrick. The \"mockumentary\" style film followed aspiring inventor Vincent Dooly as he attempts to", "title": "Andrew Bowser" }, { "id": "18049816", "text": "sky---and spreads it on the back of Big Turtle. The land begins to grow until it is the size of North America. Sky Woman then steps onto the land and sprinkles dust into the sky. The dust becomes the moon, stars, and sun. Then Sky Woman gives birth to two sons (Sapling and Flint) who play a key role in the creation of the remainder of the earth. Sapling brings into the world all that is good (plants, animals, and rivers), while Flint tampers with/aims to destroy Sapling's good creation. The two get into a fight and Flint is defeated", "title": "American Indian creationism" }, { "id": "8731813", "text": "Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner", "title": "Hurston-Wright Legacy Award" }, { "id": "20093929", "text": "“Twentieth Anniversary Diamond”; “Algonkian Paradise”; “Race Point, Provincetown”; “Grand Banks”; “Pies”; “Bread”; “Where I Want Them”; “Swift River”; “Red” Ghosts at the Center of the World “Garnet”; “Hummingbird Moth”; “Cod”; “Everywhere”; “Before Moving on to Plymouth from Cape Cod—1620”; “Grandmother Woodchuck Talks to the Women of Salem”; “Englishmen’s Footprints”; “Newfoundland Walking with Joseph Brant”; “Daughters of the King”; “Mendel’s Milkmen”; “Pink Sapphire”; “The Kneeing Girl”; “Mexican Amethyst”; “Pearl Cuffs”; “Nesting”; “No Pity”; “Beauty Tip”; “Surrogate Mother”; “For Lenny, For Lisa”; “The Liar”; “Aftermath”; “Rose Quartz Necklace”; “Tradition”; “Ring of Protection”; “Poison in the Pond”; “Smallpox”; “Indian Blood”; “Graduate School First", "title": "Mother/Land" }, { "id": "20839559", "text": "Mothers of Invention (podcast) Mothers of Invention is a podcast hosted by former President of Ireland Mary Robinson, and comedian Maeve Higgins. It is produced by Doc Society. The six-episode podcast focuses on the intersection between climate change and feminism, exploring the idea that climate change is a man-made problem with a feminist solution. Each episode of the podcast features a female guest who has been fighting for climate justice. The first guest was Tessa Khan, a Bangladeshi-Australian lawyer who specialises in climate change litigation. Subsequent guests include Yvette Abrahams, a former anti-apartheid activist who now works as a Commissioner", "title": "Mothers of Invention (podcast)" }, { "id": "4621592", "text": "Anput Anput is a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion. Her name is also rendered Anupet, Input, Inpewt and Yineput. Her name is written in hieroglyphs as \"inpwt\". Her name is the female version of the name of her husband, Anubis. (\"t\" is the feminine ending and Anubis was known as Anpu or Inpu to the Egyptians). She is the goddess of funerals and mummification, as well as the mother of Kebechet and possibly Ammit. She was often depicted as a pregnant or nursing jackal, a jackal wielding knives. She is also depicted as a woman, with the headdress of a", "title": "Anput" }, { "id": "50049", "text": "example of the Biblical wisdom tradition, and raises questions of values, moral behaviour, the meaning of human life, and right conduct. The repeated theme is that \"the fear of God (meaning submission to the will of God) is the beginning of wisdom.\" Wisdom is praised for her role in creation; God acquired her before all else, and through her he gave order to chaos; and since humans have life and prosperity by conforming to the order of creation, seeking wisdom is the essence and goal of the religious life. The superscriptions divide the collections as follows: \"Proverbs\" translates to the", "title": "Book of Proverbs" }, { "id": "956558", "text": "hers to command ... I have not chosen a protector among men. I have not sought myself a protector among the great ... My heart is filled with my mistress. I have no fear of anyone. I spend the night in quiet sleep, because I have a protector. Mut Mut, which meant \"mother\" in the ancient Egyptian language, was an ancient Egyptian mother goddess with multiple aspects that changed over the thousands of years of the culture. Alternative spellings are Maut and Mout. She was considered a primal deity, associated with the waters from which everything was born through parthenogenesis.", "title": "Mut" }, { "id": "10309391", "text": "in Islamic tradition, this story says that Satan refused to bow to Adam due to pride. Satan said that Adam was inferior to him as he was made of fire, whereas Adam was made of clay. This refusal led to the fall of Satan recorded in works such as the Book of Enoch. In Islam, Adam (; ), whose role is being the father of humanity, is looked upon by Muslims with reverence. Eve (; Arabic: حواء ) is the \"mother of humanity\". The creation of Adam and Eve is referred to in the , although different Qurʼanic interpreters give", "title": "Adam and Eve" }, { "id": "11362739", "text": "our belief that since women were the givers of life they naturally regulated the feeding of our people. ... In all countries, real wealth stems from the control of land and its resources. Our Iroquois philosophers knew this as well as we knew natural law. To us it made sense for women to control the land since they were far more sensitive to the rhythms of the Mother Earth. We did not own the land but were custodians of it. Our women decided any and all issues involving territory, including where a community was to be built and how land", "title": "Clan Mother" }, { "id": "1766716", "text": "Mataram\" consists of six stanzas and the translation in prose for the complete poem by Shri Aurobindo appeared in \"Karmayogin\", 20 November 1909. <poem> Mother, I praise thee! Rich with thy hurrying streams, bright with orchard gleams, Cool with thy winds of delight, Dark fields waving Mother of might, Mother free. Glory of moonlight dreams, Over thy branches and lordly streams, Clad in thy blossoming trees, Mother, giver of ease Laughing low and sweet! Mother I kiss thy feet, Speaker sweet and low! Mother, to thee I praise thee. [Verse 1] Who hath said thou art weak in thy lands", "title": "Vande Mataram" }, { "id": "1262870", "text": "do subsistence farming in the European-American style, learn about western conceptions of property, and assimilate more. Lands declared excess by the government to this allotment were available for sale to anyone, and European Americans had been demanding more land in the West for years. Under varying conditions, Native American landowners were to be allowed to sell their plots. Josephine Bowser Lillie was among Native Americans granted an allotment of land within the Yakama Reservation. Of mixed Native American/European ancestry and Yakama identification, she is known as \"The Mother of Toppenish.\" She platted the north of her land. These tracts became", "title": "Toppenish, Washington" }, { "id": "5634580", "text": "misleading to ascribe its origin to a single source... Let me give a few examples of African societies with proverbs which translate to 'It takes a village...': In Lunyoro (Banyoro) there is a proverb that says 'Omwana takulila nju emoi,' whose literal translation is 'A child does not grow up only in a single home.' In Kihaya (Bahaya) there is a saying, 'Omwana taba womoi,' which translates as 'A child belongs not to one parent or home.' In Kijita (Wajita) there is a proverb which says 'Omwana ni wa bhone,' meaning regardless of a child's biological parent(s) its upbringing belongs", "title": "It Takes a Village" }, { "id": "9825635", "text": "Puah Puah (etymology uncertain) is a name given to two persons in the Bible: The 11th century Jewish rabbi Rashi's Talmud commentary on the passage from Exodus identifies Shiphrah with Jochebed, the mother of Moses, and Puah with Miriam, Moses' sister, making the two midwives mother and daughter respectively. However, in Midrash Tadshe (on Exodus 1:15), it is assumed that Puah, as well as Shiphrah, was a proselyte, and that she was not identical with Miriam. Commentators have interpreted Exodus 1:20-21 in various ways. Some scholars argue that the two halves of each verse are parallel, so that it is", "title": "Puah" }, { "id": "1876967", "text": "the results of these events, but she could not resist an urge to continue creation. Her footprints became pools for fish, and simply by pointing she created contours in the land. In this way she made all that is. Then one day she gave birth to Väinämöinen, the first man, whose father was the sea. Väinämöinen swam off until he found land, but the land was barren, so he asked the Great Bear in the sky for help. A boy carrying seeds was sent down to him, and this boy spread plant life across the land. In the eighteenth century", "title": "Väinämöinen" }, { "id": "17074422", "text": "merry and charming.” Queen-mother: Mother of Prince Brilliant; reprimands her son’s manners towards Lady Daffodilia. Countess: advises Lady Daffodilia’s manners towards Prince Brilliant. Daddy-longlegs: tells Prince Brilliant how to grow his legs longer. Lady Daffodilia: 12 years old; tall; idle; careless; thoughtless; fair; loves to tease Prince Brilliant about being short; desires to be as smart as Prince Brilliant once he goes away; unsuccessful in her endeavor; becomes a grand gardener. Prince Brilliant: short; intellectual; well-read; always means what he says; straightforward; desires to be as tall as lady Daffodilia; grows tall in dream-land and returns happily to Lady Daffodilia.", "title": "The Lady Daffodilia" }, { "id": "1785760", "text": "(the lover of the god Krishna, personifying love and romance), Sita (the divine heroine of the Hindu epic \"Ramayana\", personifying high moral value), Savitri (representing great morality and loyalty to husband), Draupadi (personifying duty and morality), Dharti-mata (earth-mother goddess) and Lakshmi (Hindu goddess of prosperity). Besides these gentle goddesses, the character of Radha has shades of more ferocious warrior goddesses such as Durga and Kali. Film scholars have compared the mild-mannered, obedient son Ramu with the god Rama of the epic \"Ramayana\", and the romantic outlaw Birju—a name of Krishna—with the god Krishna, known for his transgressions. Shamu (another name", "title": "Mother India" }, { "id": "15003372", "text": "as Naamah was to descend from them. Naamah (wife of Solomon) Naamah (\"pleasant\") was an ancient queen consort, wife of King Solomon and mother of his heir Rehoboam, according to both , and in the Hebrew Bible. She was an Ammonite, and the only one of all the Queens Mother of Israel or Judah who was a foreigner. She was also the only one of Solomon's wives to be mentioned, within the Hebrew Bible, as having borne a child. Naamah is praised in \"Bava Kamma\" 38b for her righteousness, on account of which Moses had previously been warned by God", "title": "Naamah (wife of Solomon)" }, { "id": "865880", "text": "substantial religious events. There are many examples of religious law relating to mothers and women. Major world religions which have specific religious law or scriptural canon regarding mothers include: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Some examples of honoring motherhood include the Madonna or \"Blessed Virgin Mother Mary\" for Catholics, and the multiple positive references to active womanhood as a mother in the Book of Proverbs. Hindu's Mother Goddess and Demeter of ancient Greek pre-Christian belief are also mothers. History records many conflicts between mothers and their children. Some even resulted in murder, such as the conflict between Cleopatra III of Egypt", "title": "Mother" }, { "id": "11362722", "text": "women's work, and the staple crops of corn, squash and beans were known as the \"Three Sisters\". One of the laws credited to the Great Peacemaker declared that: The lineal descent of the People of the Five Nations shall run in the female line. Women shall be considered proprietors of the nation. They shall own the land and the soil. Men and women shall the status of the mother. However, the Haudenosaunee were by no means anti-male; in the Sky Woman story, the spirit of the North Wind seeks to seduce her teenage daughter, the Lynx Woman, by taking the", "title": "Clan Mother" }, { "id": "805038", "text": "God), and His Messengers (including Jesus, as Messenger); and do not say: (Allah is one of) a trinity. Give up (this assertion) – (it is) for your own good (to do so). Allah is but One Allah ; All-Glorified He is in that He is absolutely above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And Allah suffices as the One to be relied on, to Whom affairs should be referred.\" Quran 4/171 The Qur'an says that Jesus was the result of a virgin birth. The most detailed account of the", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "id": "4567687", "text": "lyrics critical of the hypocrisy and conformity of American society, but also of the counterculture of the 1960s. As Zappa put it, \"[W]e're satirists, and we are out to satirize everything.\" The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band", "title": "The Mothers of Invention" }, { "id": "1284450", "text": "Protestantism, it is held that Martin Luther chose to enter religious life as an Augustinian friar after crying out to St. Anne while endangered by lightning. Anne (Arabic: حنة \"Ḥannah\") is also revered in Islam, recognised as a highly spiritual woman and as the mother of Mary. The Qur'an describes her as the daughter of Faqud who remained childless until her old age. One day, Hannah saw a bird feeding its young while sitting in the shade of a tree, which awakened her desire to have children of her own. She prayed for a child and eventually conceived; her husband,", "title": "Saint Anne" }, { "id": "7144078", "text": "the Divine Trinity in Unity; its highest degree in God's creatures is the beatific vision, i.e. participation in God's life. On earth it is the fruitful mother of holiness, the one thing necessary, the one all-sufficient possession. It is extolled in I Cor., xiii, and in St. John's Gospel and Epistles; the beloved disciple and the fiery missionary of the cross are the best interpreters of the mystery of love revealed to them in the Heart of Jesus. With the commandment to love God above all Jesus coupled another: \"And the second is like to it: Thou shalt love thy", "title": "Heroic virtue" }, { "id": "967559", "text": "Aditi In the Vedas, Aditi (Sanskrit: अदिति \"limitless\" or Boundless”) is mother of the gods (\"devamata\") and all twelve zodiacal spirits from whose cosmic matrix, the heavenly bodies were born. As celestial mother of every existing form and being, the synthesis of all things, she is associated with space (\"akasa\") and with mystic speech (\"Vāc\"). She may be seen as a feminized form of Brahma and associated with the primal substance (\"mulaprakriti\") in Vedanta. She is mentioned nearly 80 times in the Rigveda: the verse \"Daksha sprang from Aditi and Aditi from Daksha\" is seen by Theosophists as a reference", "title": "Aditi" }, { "id": "8362992", "text": "Mered Mered is a biblical character, who was from the Tribe of Judah and noted as the husband of Bithiah, daughter of Pharaoh. See . According to the Midrash, Bithiah was one of the mothers of Moses. Jewish traditions identify Mered with Caleb, and his wife Bithiah with the mother of Moses. In the 1956 film \"The Ten Commandments\", Mered is shown as an admirable man, strong, wise, kind and compassionate. He saves the life of his future wife Bithiah when he stops her from running to interpose herself between the people and the charging chariots - which would certainly", "title": "Mered" }, { "id": "6219594", "text": "Azaka Medeh Azaka (Kouzin or Couzen) is the loa of the harvest in Haitian Vodou mythology. He evolved after the Haitian Revolution when slaves were able to own property. Depicted as a country bumpkin that loves to eat, he is kind and gentle and he has no alternate sinister (petro) form. Azaka is identified with Saint Isadore. He is celebrated and affiliated with Labor Day in Haiti (May 1). Azaka Medeh belongs to the same family of spirits as Azaka-Tonnerre, loa of thunder. \"Asaka\" is the loose female interpretation of him as mother of the earth in the broadway musical", "title": "Azaka Medeh" }, { "id": "15126250", "text": "Erasmus. The \"Vulgaria\" draws from a variety of sources, for example including the saying \"It does no good for all truth to be told nor all wrong imputed\" derived from the Old English \"Durham Proverbs\". Another example of a proverb to be translated is \"Somtyme of a myshappe cometh a good turne\". The proverb \"necessity is the mother of invention\" appears, perhaps for the first time in English, translated as \"Mater artium necessitas\". Other sayings included the advice not to \"offereth a candell to the deuyll\", to remember that \"many a ragged colt proued to a good horse\", \"it is", "title": "William Horman" }, { "id": "2162437", "text": "her intercessory power. \"Ad caeli reginam\" states that the main principle on which the royal dignity of Mary rests is her Divine Motherhood. ... So with complete justice St. John Damascene could write: \"When she became Mother of the Creator, she truly became Queen of every creature.\". In the Hebrew Bible, under some Davidic kings, the gebirah, the \"Great Lady\", usually the Mother of the King, held great power as advocate with the king. In 1 Kings 2:20, Solomon said to his Mother Bathsheba, seated on a throne at his right, \"Make your request, Mother, for I will not refuse", "title": "Queen of Heaven" }, { "id": "4613906", "text": "in the Puskarini pond in Lumbini Zone. But legend has it that devas caused it to rain to wash the newborn baby. He was later named Siddhārtha, \"He who has accomplished his goals\" or \"The accomplished goal\". Scholars generally agree that most Buddhist literature holds that Maya died seven days after the birth of Buddha, and was then reborn in the Tusita Heaven. Seven years after the Buddha's enlightenment, she came down to visit Tavatimsa Heaven, where the Buddha later preached the Abhidharma to her. Her sister Prajāpatī (Pāli: Pajāpatī or Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī) became the child's foster mother. After Siddhartha", "title": "Maya (mother of the Buddha)" }, { "id": "3348885", "text": "for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries for her role. Also in 2015, McAdams played Buttercup in a one-off, staged LACMA Live Read of \"The Princess Bride\". The following year, McAdams voiced The Mother of The Little Girl in an animated version of \"The Little Prince\", and co-starred with Benedict Cumberbatch in the Marvel superhero film \"Doctor Strange\". Peter Debruge of \"Variety\" said McAdams played \"the most competent—and human—of Marvel’s window-dressing girlfriends,\" while Gregory Ellwood of \"Indiewire\" remarked: \"It goes without saying that McAdams will never get the credit she deserves for transforming the barely sketched out role of Strange’s former", "title": "Rachel McAdams" }, { "id": "15786695", "text": "begged for the relief. The Mother soon responded to his prayer and sent her blessing packet. The petals in the blessing packet were mixed with a small quantity of wheat and sown in one acre area of land. The land was irrigated with water drawn in buckets from deep wells. With Mothers grace and to everyone’s surprise the miracle happened. A bumper crop, such as never seen before, came up in the parched land. The yield was incredible, which was more than the usual yield of 10 Acres of land at that time. And the famine stricken village became the", "title": "Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Rewa" }, { "id": "865884", "text": "(madar), and Sanskrit मातृ (mātṛ). Mother A mother is the female parent of a child. Mothers are women who inhabit or perform the role of bearing some relation to their children, who may or may not be their biological offspring. Thus, dependent on the context, women can be considered mothers by virtue of having given birth, by raising their child(ren), supplying their ovum for fertilisation, or some combination thereof. Such conditions provide a way of delineating the concept of motherhood, or the state of being a mother. Women who meet the third and first categories usually fall under the terms", "title": "Mother" }, { "id": "805039", "text": "annunciation and birth of Jesus is provided in Suras 3 and 19 of the Qur'an, where it is written that God sent an angel to announce that she could shortly expect to bear a son, despite being a virgin. The Bahá'í Faith venerates Mary as the mother of Jesus. The \"Kitáb-i-Íqán\", the primary theological work of the Baha'i religion, describes Mary as \"that most beauteous countenance,\" and \"that veiled and immortal Countenance.\" It claims that Jesus was \"conceived of the Holy Ghost.\" The statement that Joseph \"knew her not till she brought forth her first born son\" () has been", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "id": "873170", "text": "January 11 and January 15. Carmenta In ancient Roman religion and myth, Carmenta was a goddess of childbirth and prophecy, associated with technological innovation as well as the protection of mothers and children, and a patron of midwives. She was also said to have invented the Latin alphabet. The name \"Carmenta\" is derived from Latin \"carmen\", meaning a magic spell, oracle or song, and also the root of the English word \"charm\". Her original name was Nicostrate, but it was changed later to honor her renown for giving oracles. She was the mother of Evander and along with other followers", "title": "Carmenta" }, { "id": "1940620", "text": "as \"the one to steal the sun from the sky\" as earlier mentioned was in reference to Hati or Sköll, Fenrir's own children, since similar poems read that Sköll and Hati were birthed by \"the witch of the Ironwood\". In stanza 13 of the eddic poem \"Baldrs draumar\" Odin says to the prophesying seeress whom he has brought up from the dead: No wise-woman art thou, nor wisdom hast;<br> Of giants three the mother art thou. This \"might\" refer to Angrboda as mother of the three monsters. The seeress states that she will never be charmed from the dead again", "title": "Angrboða" }, { "id": "6565260", "text": "called simply Vietnam, the American author Mary McCarthy mentions the use of the Vietnamese creation myth by American agents seeking to rally patriotic support for South Vietnam. Âu Cơ Âu Cơ (嫗姬) was, according to the creation myth of the Vietnamese people, an immortal mountain fairy who married Lạc Long Quân (), and bore an egg sac that hatched a hundred children known collectively as Bách Việt, ancestors to the Vietnamese people. Âu Cơ is often honored as the mother of Vietnamese civilization. Âu Cơ was a young, beautiful fairy who lived high in the mountains. She traveled to heal", "title": "Âu Cơ" }, { "id": "12705937", "text": "Rachel Rachel (; meaning ewe) was a Biblical figure best known for her infertility. The site revered as her burial place (Rachel's Tomb) is one of the holiest sites in Judaism. Rachel was the favorite of Jacob's two wives, and the mother of Joseph and Benjamin, two of the twelve progenitors of the tribes of Israel. Rachel's father was Laban. Her older sister was Leah, Jacob's first wife. Her aunt Rebekah was Jacob's mother. Rachel is first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in when Jacob happens upon her as she is about to water her father's flock. She was the", "title": "Rachel" }, { "id": "4567695", "text": "which was followed by the double-album soundtrack to the movie \"200 Motels\" (1971), featuring the Mothers, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Ringo Starr, Theodore Bikel, and Keith Moon. Co-directed by Zappa and Tony Palmer, it was filmed in a week at Pinewood Studios outside London. Tensions between Zappa and several cast and crew members arose before and during shooting. The film deals loosely with life on the road as a rock musician. It was the first feature film photographed on videotape and transferred to 35 mm film, a process which allowed for novel visual effects. It was released to mixed reviews.", "title": "The Mothers of Invention" }, { "id": "4637815", "text": "her joy when Persephone returns is reflected in the bountiful summer months. Roman Epicurean poet Lucretius opens his didactic poem \"De rerum natura\" by addressing Venus as a veritable mother of nature. Lucretius uses Venus as \"a personified symbol for the generative aspect of nature\". This largely has to do with the nature of Lucretius' work, which presents a nontheistic understanding of the world that eschews superstition. Algonquian legend says that \"beneath the clouds lives the Earth-Mother from whom is derived the Water of Life, who at her bosom feeds plants, animals and human\" (Larousse 428). She is otherwise known", "title": "Mother Nature" }, { "id": "12685050", "text": "girls, pre-teen Annie, and eight-month-old Sophie. As she tries to keep her career and home afloat, Jane has also hired a \"manny,\" Horatio, to help her out with her working mother duties. Horatio also has the ability to \"communicate\" with Sophie and believes she is the only person that really \"gets\" him. Jane’s younger sister, Emily, is a model stay-at-home-super-mom for her two young children, Esther and Bill. Emily also believes in perfection which she sees as key to her family life and takes parenting as seriously as any mother could. Her home is a work of art, and her", "title": "In the Motherhood" }, { "id": "317139", "text": "and the Search for Self\" by April Lane Benson. Some proverbs been used as the basis for article titles, though often in altered form: \"All our eggs in a broken basket: How the Human Terrain System is undermining sustainable military cultural competence\" and \"Should Rolling Stones Worry About Gathering Moss?\", \"Between a Rock and a Soft Place\". Proverbs have been noted as common in subtitles of articles such as \"Discontinued intergenerational transmission of Czech in Texas: 'Hindsight is better than foresight'.\" Also, the reverse is found with a proverb (complete or partial) as the title, then an explanatory subtitle, \"To", "title": "Proverb" }, { "id": "1979979", "text": "Matangi Matangi is one of the Mahavidyas, ten Tantric goddesses and a ferocious aspect of Devi, the Hindu Divine Mother. She is a form of Parvati and she governs speech, music, knowledge and the arts. Her worship is prescribed to acquire supernatural powers, especially gaining control over enemies, attracting people to oneself, acquiring mastery over the arts and gaining supreme knowledge. Matangi is often associated with pollution, inauspiciousness and the periphery of Hindu society, which is embodied in her most popular form, known as Uchchhishta-Chandalini or Uchchhishta-Matangini. She is described as an outcaste (Chandalini) and offered left-over or partially eaten", "title": "Matangi" }, { "id": "956548", "text": "Mut Mut, which meant \"mother\" in the ancient Egyptian language, was an ancient Egyptian mother goddess with multiple aspects that changed over the thousands of years of the culture. Alternative spellings are Maut and Mout. She was considered a primal deity, associated with the waters from which everything was born through parthenogenesis. She also was depicted as a woman with a head dress. The rulers of Egypt each supported her worship in their own way to emphasize their own authority and right to rule through an association with Mut. Some of Mut's many titles included \"World-Mother\", \"Eye of Ra\", \"Queen", "title": "Mut" }, { "id": "15974724", "text": "of the life of Jesus. Perkins further that a mythical story developed in early Gnosticism about the descent of a heavenly creature to reveal the Divine world as the true home of human beings. Jewish Christianity saw the Messiah, or Christ, as \"an eternal aspect of God's hidden nature, his \"spirit\" and \"truth,\" who revealed himself throughout sacred history.\" Wisdom (personification) The personification of wisdom, typically as a righteous woman, is a motif found in religious and philosophical texts, most notably in the Book of Proverbs in the Hebrew Bible and other Jewish and Christian texts. The Greek Septuagint, and", "title": "Wisdom (personification)" }, { "id": "967566", "text": "one old temple of Aditi devi near rock cut cave in Vizhinjam, Kerala. Aditi In the Vedas, Aditi (Sanskrit: अदिति \"limitless\" or Boundless”) is mother of the gods (\"devamata\") and all twelve zodiacal spirits from whose cosmic matrix, the heavenly bodies were born. As celestial mother of every existing form and being, the synthesis of all things, she is associated with space (\"akasa\") and with mystic speech (\"Vāc\"). She may be seen as a feminized form of Brahma and associated with the primal substance (\"mulaprakriti\") in Vedanta. She is mentioned nearly 80 times in the Rigveda: the verse \"Daksha sprang", "title": "Aditi" }, { "id": "483639", "text": "Venus (mythology) Venus (, Classical Latin: ) is the Roman goddess, whose functions encompassed love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity and victory. In Roman mythology, she was the mother of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Julius Caesar claimed her as his ancestor. Venus was central to many religious festivals, and was revered in Roman religion under numerous cult titles. The Romans adapted the myths and iconography of her Greek counterpart Aphrodite for Roman art and Latin literature. In the later classical tradition of the West, Venus became one", "title": "Venus (mythology)" }, { "id": "16586348", "text": "supreme transcendental principle entity, becoming the embodiment of an androgynous Godfather and Godmother. However, it is from the female component of the supreme being: \"\"Noo tiig tew\"\" (\"\"out of a female womb\"\" - ex utero), that the divine brought forth the ancestors of modern humans, with a \"female\", being the first to be created. There was a mythical speech − the first word[s] uttered by the supreme being. All the competing versions attest to that. This myth is the general consensus and represents the absolute truth in Serer primordial time. A major competing myth, also based on chaos, postulates that,", "title": "Serer creation myth" }, { "id": "4137003", "text": "land in Mount Potala is described as \"Covered with manifold trees and creepers, resounding with the sound of many birds, And with murmur of waterfalls, thronged with wild beasts of many kinds; Many species of flowers grow everywhere.\" Her association with the wind element (vaayu) also means that she is swift in responding to calls for any aid. Tārā also embodies many of the qualities of feminine principle. She is known as the Mother of Mercy and Compassion. She is the source, the female aspect of the universe, which gives birth to warmth, compassion and relief from bad karma as", "title": "Tara (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "3339008", "text": "Taweret In Ancient Egyptian religion, Taweret (also spelled Taurt, Tuat, Taouris, Tuart, Ta-weret, Tawaret, Twert, Thoeris and Taueret, and in Greek, Θουέρις – Thouéris and Toeris) is the protective ancient Egyptian goddess of childbirth and fertility. The name \"Taweret\" (\"Tȝ-wrt\") means \"she who is great\" or simply \"great one\", a common pacificatory address to dangerous deities. The deity is typically depicted as a bipedal female hippopotamus with feline attributes, pendulous female human breasts, and the back of a Nile crocodile. She commonly bears the epithets \"Lady of Heaven\", \"Mistress of the Horizon\", \"She Who Removes Water\", \"Mistress of Pure Water\",", "title": "Taweret" } ]

[ "Emmerson Mnangagwa" ]

[ { "id": "19165982", "text": "The election gave ZANU–PF control of both houses in the 9th Parliament of Zimbabwe, though with reduced majorities in each. The MDC Alliance gained seats in both houses, closely corresponding to ZANU–PF's losses. In the presidential election, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who became President as a result of the 2017 coup, ran for reelection as the ZANU–PF candidate. Morgan Tsvangirai, the MDC–T leader expected to run against him, died in February 2018, and Nelson Chamisa, the new party leader, replaced him as the MDC Alliance candidate. In results that were disputed by the MDC Alliance, Mnangagwa won with 50.8% of the vote", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "187646", "text": "Robert Mugabe resigned 21 November 2017. Second Vice-President Phelekezela Mphoko became the Acting President. Emmerson Mnangagwa was sworn in as President on 24 November 2017. General elections were held on 30 July 2018 to elect the president and members of both houses of parliament. Ruling party ZANU-PF won the majority of seats in parliament, incumbent President Emmerson Mnangagwa was declared the winner after receiving 50.8% of votes. The opposition accused the government of rigging the vote. In subsequent riots by MDC supporters, the army opened fire and killed three people, while three others died of their injuries the following day.", "title": "History of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "19165981", "text": "2018 Zimbabwean general election A general election was held on 30 July 2018 in Zimbabwe to elect the President and members of both houses of Parliament. Held eight months after the 2017 coup d'état, the election was the first since independence in which former President Robert Mugabe was not a candidate. ZANU–PF, the country's ruling party, went into the election with majorities in both the House of Assembly and the Senate. The main opposition, the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai, contested the election as part of the MDC Alliance, a coalition that included the MDC–T and six smaller parties.", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "8492201", "text": "Emmerson Mnangagwa Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa (, (); born 15 September 1942) is a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who serves as the third and current President of Zimbabwe since 24 November 2017. A member of ZANU–PF and a longtime ally of former President Robert Mugabe, he held a series of Cabinet portfolios and was First Vice-President of Zimbabwe under Mugabe until November 2017, when he was dismissed before coming to power in a coup d'état. He was officially inaugurated as the third President of Zimbabwe on 26 August 2018 after narrowly winning the Zimbabwean general election, 2018. Mnangagwa was born in", "title": "Emmerson Mnangagwa" }, { "id": "19165983", "text": "to Chamisa's 44.3%, giving him the majority needed to avoid a runoff. Mnangagwa won six of the country's ten provinces, while Chamisa won four, including the two metropolitan provinces, Harare and Bulawayo. The President of Zimbabwe is elected using the two-round system. The 270 members of the House of Assembly consist of 210 members elected in single-member constituencies and 60 women elected by proportional representation in ten six-seat constituencies based on the country's provinces. Voters cast a single vote, which is counted for both forms of election. The 80 members of the Senate include 60 members elected from ten six-member", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "19165994", "text": "that until the new government of President Emmerson Mnangagwa shows signs of \"changing its ways,\" the U.S. government will not lift sanctions against Zimbabwe. 2018 Zimbabwean general election A general election was held on 30 July 2018 in Zimbabwe to elect the President and members of both houses of Parliament. Held eight months after the 2017 coup d'état, the election was the first since independence in which former President Robert Mugabe was not a candidate. ZANU–PF, the country's ruling party, went into the election with majorities in both the House of Assembly and the Senate. The main opposition, the Movement", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "19165991", "text": "others died of their injuries the following day. Although the election process was peaceful, the main opposition party MDC Alliance claimed that Zanu PF and ZEC rigged the presidential election results to announce Emmerson Mnangagwa the winner. The party claimed that there was manipulation of figures which did not tally with what was recorded on V11 forms issued at each polling station. On 1 August, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission released preliminary results which show that the ruling party ZANU-PF has won the majority of seats in parliament. On 3 August, the Commission declared incumbent President Emmerson Mnangagwa the winner after", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "19165986", "text": "was critically ill and an MDC party source said \"we should brace for the worst\". Tsvangirai subsequently died on 14 February. Nelson Chamisa replaced Tsvangirai as the MDC candidate. On 20 October 2017, the Coalition of Democrats or CODE, a group formed by nine political parties, nominated the leader of the Renewal Democrats of Zimbabwe, Elton Mangoma, to be their presidential candidate in the election. Joice Mujuru, previously the Vice President of ZANU-PF before being ousted from the party in 2014, also registered her candidacy. Former Deputy Prime Minister Thokozani Khuphe, who leads a breakaway faction of the MDC after", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "465674", "text": "due to ill health. His resignation came months before the country's constitutional referendum and elections. The Status of Zimbabwe politics has been thrown into question by a coup taking place in November 2017, ending Mugabe's 30 year presidential incumbency. Emmerson Mnangagwa was appointed president following this coup, and officially elected with 50.8% of the vote in the 2018 Zimbabwean general election, avoiding a run-off and making him the 3rd President of Zimbabwe. There are widespread reports of systematic and escalating violations of human rights in Zimbabwe under the Mugabe administration and the dominant party, the ZANU-PF. In 2011, there were", "title": "Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "12457800", "text": "who are not Members of Parliament may sit and speak, but not vote, in the Senate or the National Assembly A member of the Cabinet is appointed by the President to be the leader of government business in the National Assembly. . Emmarson Dambudzo Mnagagwa was elected President for the first time in his own right in elections held on 30 July 2018 ( after previously finishing the term of Robert Mugabe in July 2018). The election result was disputed and challenged before the Zimbabwean Constitutional court. The court ruled in Mnagagwa's favor and he was sworn in on 26", "title": "Cabinet of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "19165993", "text": "Zimbabwe dismissed Chamisa's challenge and officially declared Mnangagwa the winner in a unanimous ruling. The Chief Justice Luke Malaba noted that Chamisa refused both a recount and access to the ballot boxes. Mnangagwa's inauguration and official swearing-in was then held on 26 August. Two Washington based entity, American International Republican Institute (IRI) and National Democratic Institute (NDI), who have observant role in Zimbabwean 2018 elections, in Zimbabwe International Election Observation Mission (ZIEOM) have expressed doubts that the poll had a standard accepting value. Manisha Singh, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs, told a congressional hearing", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "20456089", "text": "Zanu PF in Zimbabwe's historic elections. The alliance was narrowly edged by Zanu PF in the presidential election, with Mnangagwa receiving 50.8% of the vote to MDC Alliance' s Nelson Chamisa's 44.3%. The election results have received international attention as possible fraud. MDC Alliance The Movement for Democratic Change Alliance (MDC Alliance) is an electoral bloc formed between 7 political parties in Zimbabwe on 6 August 2017. Most of the member parties are splinters from original Movement for Democratic Change and each other. The bloc was formed to contest the 2018 election. The MDC Alliance is now led by Nelson", "title": "MDC Alliance" }, { "id": "19165984", "text": "constituencies (also based on the provinces) by proportional representation using party lists; the lists must have a woman at the top and alternate between men and women. The other 20 seats include two reserved for people with disabilities and 18 for traditional chiefs. According to the Constitution of Zimbabwe, the elections are required to be held before the official expiry date of the current parliamentary term, which is due to end on 21 August 2018. In 2015, long-term President Robert Mugabe announced that he would run for another term in 2018, and was adopted as the ZANU–PF candidate despite the", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "19165985", "text": "fact that he would have been 94 at the time of the elections. Following the events of a military coup d'état in November 2017 and his deposition as leader of ZANU-PF, Mugabe resigned amidst parliamentary impeachment hearings on 21 November 2017. His successor Emmerson Mnangagwa was chosen as the ZANU–PF candidate shortly after taking office. On 29 July 2018, Robert Mugabe announced he would not support Emmerson Mnangagwa or the ZANU-PF party. It was unknown whether Morgan Tsvangirai, the long-time Zimbabwe opposition leader would have run in the elections following an announcement on 6 February 2018 which stated that Tsvangirai", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "19165992", "text": "receiving 2,460,463 (50.8%) votes to Nelson Chamisa’s 2,147,436 (44.3%). Within days after the election, there were protests by the Movement for Democratic Change opposition. The army opened fire on demonstrators and bystanders and killed six people. In the following days, many opposition supporters were arrested, according to opposition leaders and human rights groups. On 10 August, it was announced that Mnangagwa's inauguration, which had been scheduled for 12 August, would be delayed after Chamisa petitioned to challenge the election results in court, with a ruling due by the end of the month. On 24 August 2018, the Supreme Court of", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "19165988", "text": "\"Financial Times\" in an interview, in which he invited the EU, UN and the Commonwealth to send missions to Zimbabwe in order to monitor the elections. On 29 July 2018, former President Mugabe gave a surprise press conference during which he stated he would not vote for Mnangagwa and ZANU-PF, the party he founded and led for decades. Instead, he expressed the wish to vote for his long-time rival party, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) led by Nelson Chamisa. The credibility of the elections has been questioned by both Zimbabwe citizens, and the international community. The opposition party have", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "19165987", "text": "falling out with Nelson Chamisa, was also a candidate. In total 23 candidates stood for election. The likelihood of the elections taking place was called into doubt following the 2017 coup. On 22 November 2017, a ZANU-PF spokesman said that Emmerson Mnangagwa would serve out the remainder of Robert Mugabe's term before the elections due to be held; during or before September 2018. On 20 March 2018, Mnangagwa said he was looking forward to holding elections in July 2018. In May, 30 July was set as the date of the election. On 18 January 2018, President Mnangagwa spoke to the", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "20835797", "text": "National Patriotic Front (Zimbabwe) The National Patriotic Front (NPF) is a Zimbabwean political party founded on November 19 2017 by leaders of the expelled ZANU-PF faction G40 including the exiled Jonathan Moyo, Patrick Zhuwao and Saviour Kasukuwere. The party denounced the military takeover in November 2017, known as Operation Restore Legacy, that led to President Robert Mugabe's resignation. In March 2018 Rt. Brigadier Ambrose Mutinhiri resigned from parliament and left ZANU-PF to become president of NPF and shortly hereafter Ambrose Mutinhiri was announced as the party's presidential candidate for the 2018 general elections. In late May 2018 a video of", "title": "National Patriotic Front (Zimbabwe)" }, { "id": "12457798", "text": "Cabinet of Zimbabwe The Cabinet of Zimbabwe is an executive body of appointed government ministers. Until 1987, the Cabinet was chaired by the Prime Minister; it is now headed by the President. On 30 November 2017, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who succeeded ousted President Robert Mugabe, formed a new cabinet. On 3 December 2017, Mnangagwa replaced two of his ministers amidst criticism by opposition parties. On 7 September 2018, President Mnangagwa appointed a new cabinet after winning 2018 presidential elections. The new 20 member cabinet, along with 13 deputy ministers and nine provincial ministers, was sworn in on 11 September 2018. It", "title": "Cabinet of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "20827139", "text": "that former President Robert Mugabe had freely resigned, and was not coerced. The Chief Justice, in a unanimous supreme court decision in August 2018, concurred with the other eight justices of the court, in a ruling that president Emmerson Mnangagwa's July 2018 election was lawfully conducted, and had \"complied with prescribed procedures\", dismissing the political opposition's claims to the contrary. Luke Malaba Luke Malaba (born 1951) is a Zimbabwean judge currently serving as the Chief Justice of Zimbabwe. He was appointed Chief Justice by then-President Robert Mugabe on 27 March 2017. However, he had already been serving as acting Chief", "title": "Luke Malaba" }, { "id": "8492205", "text": "– Tsvangirai. Mnangagwa served as Minister of Defence from 2009 until 2013, when he became Minister of Justice again. He was also appointed First Vice-President in 2014 and was widely considered to be a leading candidate to succeed Mugabe. Mnangagwa's ascendancy was opposed by the President's wife, Grace Mugabe, and her Generation 40 faction. He was dismissed from his positions on 6 November 2017 by Mugabe and fled to South Africa. Soon after, General Constantino Chiwenga launched a coup d'état that resulted in Mugabe's resignation and Mnangagwa returned to Zimbabwe to assume the presidency. He won reelection in July 2018", "title": "Emmerson Mnangagwa" }, { "id": "16323790", "text": "Zimbabwe ruled that the election was \"free, fair and credible\". Robert Mugabe won 61 percent of the vote to claim a sixth term as president, and was sworn in on Thursday 22 August. Morgan Tsvangirai finished second with 34 per cent of the vote. Mugabe's Zanu-PF party also dominated the parliamentary election winning 160 seats. Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change party won 49 seats. Reports by the Zimbabwe Election Support Network monitoring group said as many as one million people, mostly in urban areas (which tend to favour the MDC), were unable to cast votes. Other reports suggested that people", "title": "2013 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "4511953", "text": "majority of seats in the National Assembly. After Mwanawasa's death in 2008, presidential elections were held for a candidate to serve the remainder of his five year term. The elections were won by the MMD's Rupiah Banda. The 2011 general elections saw the Patriotic Front (PF) candidate Michael Sata elected president with 42% of the vote, whilst the PF became the largest party in the National Assembly, winning 60 seats. After Sata's death in 2014, another presidential by-election was held in 2015 and won by the PF's Edgar Lungu, who received 48% of the vote. The voting age in Zambia", "title": "Elections in Zambia" }, { "id": "12457801", "text": "August 2018 On 31 August in accordance with the constitution, Mnagagwa appointed and swore in Constantine Chiwenga and Kembo Mohadi as first and second Vice President respectively. The 2013 Constitution provides that any presidential election within ten years after the first election ( the first election being 2013 after the adoption of the 2013 Constitution) the two vice Presidents are appointed and not elected with the president. From 2023 onward the President and the two vice Presidents will be elected on the same ticket and in the same election as the President In making the announcement Mnangagwa stated his believe", "title": "Cabinet of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "12400831", "text": "November 2017, but Tsvangirai was afflicted by colon cancer and died on 14 February 2018. Nelson Chamisa became acting president of the party. Tsvangirai and Mutambara failed to unite on a single MDC candidate for the March 2008 presidential election. Tsvangirai ran for President while Mutambara backed the independent candidacy of Simba Makoni. In the election, Tsvangirai won 47.9% of the vote according to Zimbabwe Electoral Commission results, ahead of Mugabe's 43.2%, necessitating a run-off because neither candidate won a majority. However, Tsvangirai claimed to have won a narrow first-round majority on 50.3% based on the mandatory posting of votes", "title": "Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai" }, { "id": "11949819", "text": "be undone. He stated that he would not work with Mnangagwa and termed his presidency as \"illegal\" and \"unconstitutional\". In a lawsuit brought by two political parties, the Liberal Democrats and the Revolutionary Freedom Fighters, and others, the court found that the resignation was legal, and that Mnangagwa, as vice president, duly took over the presidency. As Zimbabweans prepared to participate in the country's first election without Mugabe in almost 30 years, on the eve of the election on 29 July 2018, Mugabe made a surprise press conference where he stated his wish not to vote for President Mnangagwa and", "title": "Robert Mugabe" }, { "id": "18362893", "text": "of the 156 elected seats. Lungu was inaugurated on 13 September 2016 at the National Heroes Stadium in Lusaka despite opposition. The previous general elections in 2011 resulted in a victory for the Patriotic Front (PF), whose candidate Michael Sata was elected President, with the PF winning 61 of the 150 seats in the National Assembly. Following Sata's death in October 2014, early presidential elections were held to elect a successor to complete the remainder of his five-year term, and PF candidate Edgar Lungu was elected. Edgar Lungu beat Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development by just", "title": "2016 Zambian general election" }, { "id": "4418798", "text": "and 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board. Zimbabwe is a one party dominant state; the dominant party being the Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front. Opposition parties are permitted, including the MDC-T led by Morgan Tsvangirai and the MDC-M led by Welshman Ncube, both formations of the original Movement for Democratic Change created in 1999. Recent elections (March 2008) have witnessed former ruling party finance minister Simba Makoni standing as an independent presidential candidate. On 12–13 February 2000, there", "title": "Elections in Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "20456088", "text": "MDC Alliance The Movement for Democratic Change Alliance (MDC Alliance) is an electoral bloc formed between 7 political parties in Zimbabwe on 6 August 2017. Most of the member parties are splinters from original Movement for Democratic Change and each other. The bloc was formed to contest the 2018 election. The MDC Alliance is now led by Nelson Chamisa who is also the new President of MDC-T. Chamisa replaced Morgan Richard Tsvangirai who died on the 14 February 2018 after a long fight against colon cancer. On 30 July 2018, the alliance went head to head with the Emmerson Mnangagwa-led", "title": "MDC Alliance" }, { "id": "18362900", "text": "Zambia on 28 July 2016. However, concerns with respect to the transport and distribution of the ballot papers then arose. The Zambian Air Force were responsible for distributing the ballots across the country. Results announced by the Electoral Commission on 15 August showed Edgar Lungu winning the presidential election with slightly more than 50% of the vote, ahead of his only major competitor, Hakainde Hichilema, who received almost 48%. Lungu finished a few thousand votes over the threshold for an outright victory. PF members took to the street to celebrate Lungu's victory, whilst riots took place in most parts of", "title": "2016 Zambian general election" }, { "id": "465667", "text": "House of Assembly is the lower chamber of Parliament. Former President Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (commonly abbreviated ZANU-PF) has been the dominant political party in Zimbabwe since independence. In 1987 then-prime minister Mugabe revised the constitution, abolishing the ceremonial presidency and the prime ministerial posts to form an executive president, a Presidential system. His ZANU party has won every election since independence, in the 1990 election the second-placed party, Edgar Tekere's Zimbabwe Unity Movement, won only 20% of the vote. During the 1995 parliamentary elections most opposition parties, including the ZUM, boycotted the voting, resulting", "title": "Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "13022109", "text": "Morgan Tsvangirai Morgan Richard Tsvangirai (; ; 10 March 1952 – 14 February 2018) was a Zimbabwean politician who was Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 2009 to 2013. He was President of the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC-T) and a key figure in the opposition to former President Robert Mugabe. Tsvangirai was the MDC candidate in the controversial 2002 presidential election, losing to Mugabe. He later contested the first round of the 2008 presidential election as the MDC-T candidate, taking 47.8% of the vote according to official results, placing him ahead of Mugabe, who received 43.2%. Tsvangirai claimed", "title": "Morgan Tsvangirai" }, { "id": "13033355", "text": "of Democrats and is expected to run as their presidential candidate at the 2018 Zimbabwean General Election. Mangoma has also served in the following posts: Elton Mangoma Elton Steers Mangoma is a Zimbabwean politician, who is a former Minister of Economic Planning and Investment Promotion. and member of the House of Assembly for Makoni North (MDC-T). He currently serves as the president of the Coalition of Democrats. A senior official in Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change, Mangoma was among the party's founding members in 1999. He was one of the country's first black chartered accountants. Before launching", "title": "Elton Mangoma" }, { "id": "20781002", "text": "and forced to flee the country, and a day before troops moved into Harare, Zimbabwe Defence Forces chief Constantino Chiwenga issued a statement that purges of senior ZANU–PF officials like Mnangagwa had to stop. On 19 November, ZANU-PF removed Mugabe as party leader, replacing him with Mnangagwa. Mugabe resigned the presidency on 21 November 2017. Mnangagwa was sworn in as President on 24 November 2017. On the afternoon of Saturday, 23 June 2018, Zimbabwe's ruling party, ZANU–PF, was holding a campaign rally at White City Stadium in Bulawayo, the country's second largest city and an opposition stronghold. The rally, which", "title": "2018 Bulawayo bombing" }, { "id": "465981", "text": "Sata, until Sata died on 28 October 2014. After Sata's death, Vice President Guy Scott, a Zambian of Scottish descent, became acting President of Zambia. On 24 January 2015 it was announced that Edgar Chagwa Lungu had won the election to become the 6th President in a tightly contested race. He won 48.33% of the vote, a lead of 1.66% over his closest rival, Hakainde Hichilema, with 46.67%. 9 other candidates all got less than 1% each. After independence in 1964 the foreign relations of Zambia were mostly focused on supporting liberation movements in other countries in Southern Africa, such", "title": "Zambia" }, { "id": "18362892", "text": "2016 Zambian general election General elections were held in Zambia on 11 August 2016 to elect the President and National Assembly. A constitutional referendum was held alongside the elections, with proposals to amend the bill of rights and Article 79. President Edgar Lungu, previously elected in January 2015 to finish the term of Michael Sata, who died in office, was re-elected to a full five-year term when he scored above the 50% + 1 mark of the vote, defeating opposition leader Hakainde Hichilema. Lungu's Patriotic Front also won a majority in the National Assembly for the first time, winning 80", "title": "2016 Zambian general election" }, { "id": "11773419", "text": "A recount in Goromonzi West was conducted in April 2008, increasing ZANU-PF's total by one vote, from 6,193 to 6,194. Goromonzi West Goromonzi West is a constituency in Zimbabwe. It was created in the delimitation of 2008 from the former Goromonzi constituency, and covers Makumbe, Parirewa, Domboshava and Makumbe Mission. As of 2013, it elected one representative to the House of Assembly. In the July 2018 parliamentary election the seat was won by the ZANU-PF candidate who defeated the MDC candidate from the Nelson Chamisa faction (MDC-T) by just 262 votes. In the 2018 election the ZANU-PF candidate, Energy Mutodi,", "title": "Goromonzi West" }, { "id": "465626", "text": "African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the \"Jewel of Africa\" for its prosperity under the former Rhodesian administration. Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War", "title": "Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "18149569", "text": "told them to respect the Supreme Court's decision. Mumba subsequently expelled Muhabi Lungu and vice secretary Chembe Nyangu from their positions for insubordination. The UPND's National Management Committee unanimously agreed to field party leader and prior presidential candidate Hakainde Hichilema on 14 November 2014. Hichilema also received the support of Charles Milupi and the Alliance for Democracy and Development on 25 November. Lungu won by a narrow plurality of just 27,757 votes (1.66%). Hichilema denounced the elections as a sham and urged his supporters to remain calm and prepare for the next general elections in 2016. Four votes appear to", "title": "2015 Zambian presidential election" }, { "id": "4511950", "text": "when Zambia became independent on 24 October 1964. General elections in 1968 included the first vote for president, with Kaunda defeating Zambian African National Congress (a renamed NRANC) leader Harry Nkumbula with 82% of the vote. The ten reserved seats in the National Assembly were abolished and the number of elected seats increased to 105, with an additional five members appointed by the President. UNIP won 81 of the elected seats. In 1973 the country became a one-party state; general elections in the same year saw Kaunda run unopposed for the presidency, with voters voting yes or no to his", "title": "Elections in Zambia" }, { "id": "4418796", "text": "Elections in Zimbabwe The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 5 years, and is elected by majority, with a second round if no candidate receives a majority in the first round. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. Following the 2013 constitution, the House of Assembly has 270 members. 210 are elected for five-year terms by single-member constituencies. Furthermore, the constitution specifies that for the two first parliaments, there are 60 additional seats reserved for women, 6 seats per province, which are", "title": "Elections in Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "20781011", "text": "The attack was condemned by politicians of both ZANU–PF and opposition parties. First Vice-President Constantino Chiwenga, who sustained minor injuries in the blast, called the attack an \"act of terror\" and echoed Mnangagwa, adding that the blast would not affect the elections. Foreign Minister Sibusiso Moyo and former Vice President Joice Mujuru called for peace. Opposition leader and MDC–T presidential candidate Nelson Chamisa condemned the attack and urged the expunction of political violence in Zimbabwe. Other opposition politicians condemning the attack and offering condolences included former Finance Minister Tendai Biti, Senator David Coltart, MP Temba Mliswa, and lawyer and former", "title": "2018 Bulawayo bombing" }, { "id": "187633", "text": "may explain why in January 2007 thousands of pupils received no marks for subjects they had entered, while others were deemed \"excellent\" in subjects they had not sat. However as of late the education system has recovered and is still considered the best in Southern Africa. Zimbabwe held a presidential election along with a 2008 parliamentary election of 29 March. The three major candidates were incumbent President Robert Mugabe of the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC-T), and Simba Makoni, an independent. As no candidate received an", "title": "History of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "18308063", "text": "popular vote, receiving 45.94% against 42.88% for the MDC (Tsvangirai), 8.39% for the MDC (Mutambara), and 2.79% for minor parties and independent candidates. ZANU-PF won an absolute majority of the popular vote in five provinces: Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Midlands, and Masvingo. In Masvingo, although the party won 52.01% of the vote, it took only 12 of the 26 seats, while the MDC (Tsvangirai) won 41.61% of the vote and took 14 seats. The MDC (Tsvangirai) won an absolute majority in Harare and Manicaland. In Bulawayo, the MDC (Tsvangirai) won all 12 seats with 47% of the vote;", "title": "2008 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "20835799", "text": "faction under his leadership, but got less than 1% of the vote. The faction led by Eunice Sandi Moyo is closely aligned with the Mugabe family, it won a seat in the July 30 general election when Masango Matambanadzo won the Kwekwe Central constituency, which he had represented for ZANU-PF until leaving the party earlier the same year. National Patriotic Front (Zimbabwe) The National Patriotic Front (NPF) is a Zimbabwean political party founded on November 19 2017 by leaders of the expelled ZANU-PF faction G40 including the exiled Jonathan Moyo, Patrick Zhuwao and Saviour Kasukuwere. The party denounced the military", "title": "National Patriotic Front (Zimbabwe)" }, { "id": "9988755", "text": "Nelson Chamisa Nelson Chamisa (born 2 February 1978) is a Zimbabwean politician and former church pastor, current MDC Alliance President and former member of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe for Kuwadzana, Harare. He became the Secretary for Information and Publicity for the opposition party Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), and former national youth chairperson for that party. Chamisa was the MDC Alliance's candidate for president in the 2018 general election. Chamisa is a former chairperson of the MDC Youth Assembly. He was elected MDC spokesman at the party Congress in June 2006. In April 2011 at the Party's congress", "title": "Nelson Chamisa" }, { "id": "11773418", "text": "Goromonzi West Goromonzi West is a constituency in Zimbabwe. It was created in the delimitation of 2008 from the former Goromonzi constituency, and covers Makumbe, Parirewa, Domboshava and Makumbe Mission. As of 2013, it elected one representative to the House of Assembly. In the July 2018 parliamentary election the seat was won by the ZANU-PF candidate who defeated the MDC candidate from the Nelson Chamisa faction (MDC-T) by just 262 votes. In the 2018 election the ZANU-PF candidate, Energy Mutodi, was again challenged by Tamborinyoka (MDC-A) as well as by Wonder Chinamora (MDC). Mutodi retained her seat in the Assembly.", "title": "Goromonzi West" }, { "id": "17695545", "text": "its candidates declared victors in 127 of the 154 uncontested seats by default. Of the remaining uncontested seats, the Jatiya Party led by Rowshan Ershad won 20, the JSD won three, the Workers Party won two, and the Jatiya Party (Manju) won one. As a result of violence and the opposition boycott, voter turnout was only 51%, with percentages as low as 22% in Dhaka. Results of 139 seats out of 147 were released, with the Awami League winning 105, the Jatiya Party winning 13, the Workers Party winning four, the JSD winning two and the Tarikat Federation and BNF", "title": "2018 Bangladeshi general election" }, { "id": "17305175", "text": "G40. The Zimbabwe Republic Police and the Central Intelligence Organisation, both deemed loyal to the president, were neutralised by the army, which arrested some of their top leaders. On 21 November 2017, facing all-but certain impeachment from a combined session of the House of Assembly and Senate, Mugabe resigned as president. Former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa was sworn in as his replacement on 24 November 2017. Phelekezela Mphoko was the Second (and only sitting) Vice-President at the time of Mugabe's resignation on 21 November 2017. Mphoko may have been acting President of Zimbabwe for three days until Mnangagwa's accession to", "title": "President of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "4418799", "text": "was a constitutional referendum for increasing the powers of the president. These powers were to permit the government to confiscate White-owned land without compensation for the purpose of redistribution to Black farmers, and to give government officials immunity from prosecution. Elections in Zimbabwe The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 5 years, and is elected by majority, with a second round if no candidate receives a majority in the first round. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. Following the 2013 constitution,", "title": "Elections in Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "17305172", "text": "President of Zimbabwe The President of Zimbabwe is the head of state of Zimbabwe, elected by direct universal suffrage using a two-round system. The President is also the head of government, as the office of Prime Minister was abolished in 1987. The office was restored as a result of the 2008–09 political negotiations, but abolished again following the 2013 constitutional referendum. Under the rules adopted by the same referendum, the president serves a maximum of two five-year terms. This did not have a retroactive effect on past terms of office already served or currently being served as of 2013. The", "title": "President of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "20625594", "text": "Coalition of Democrats (Zimbabwe) The Coalition of Democrats (CODE) are an opposition faction within Zimbabwe which was formed on the 9 August 2017. The group have endorsed Elton Mangoma as their presidential candidate for the 2018 General Election. The group is led by ZAPU party leader Dumiso Dabengwa who currently sits as the Chair of the group's Supreme Council. CODE is a group made up of nine political parties which include: The Coalition of Democrats officially follows three ideologies: Pan-Africanism, Social Democracy and Modern Nationalism. It actively endorses the African Union's vision 2063. CODE defines modern nationalism as using and", "title": "Coalition of Democrats (Zimbabwe)" }, { "id": "17305176", "text": "the presidency. However, as Mphoko was not in the country at the time, and due to the unusual circumstances, any official standing on this is unclear and may never be known. Excluding Mphoko (Vice President) and Joice Mujuru (Vice President) there is currently one living former President of Zimbabwe (as of ): President of Zimbabwe The President of Zimbabwe is the head of state of Zimbabwe, elected by direct universal suffrage using a two-round system. The President is also the head of government, as the office of Prime Minister was abolished in 1987. The office was restored as a result", "title": "President of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "18308075", "text": "April showed ZANU-PF candidate Ignatius Chombo, who had won in the initial count for Zvimba North, retaining the seat with an increased margin: he gained 155 votes, while MDC (Tsvangirai) candidate Ernest Mudimu gained 13 votes and MDC (Mutambara) candidate Shelton Magama lost 28 votes. Some ballots that had not been included in the initial count were found and included in the recount total. Meanwhile, recount results for the Zvimba Senate seat showed the winner of the initial count, ZANU-PF candidate Virginia Muchenje, retaining the seat; her total increased by 261 votes, while MDC (Tsvangirai) candidate Fidelis Chiramba's total increased", "title": "2008 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "11949801", "text": "set Zimbabwe free from its colonial heritage. In the build-up to the election, the government changed the electoral rules and regulations to improve Mugabe's chances of victory. New security legislation was introduced making it illegal to criticise the President. The defence force commander, General Zvinavashe, stated that the military would not recognise any election result other than a Mugabe victory. The EU withdrew its observers from the country, stating that the vote was neither free nor fair. The election resulted in Mugabe securing 56% of the vote to Tsvangerai's 42%. In the aftermath of the election Mugabe declared that the", "title": "Robert Mugabe" }, { "id": "19165990", "text": "ballot. The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) has removed ghost voters and duplicate voters. In 2015, the ZEC stated that Diaspora voting would be allowed in the 2018 election, however Mnangagwa has ruled this out. Elmar Brok has claimed that ZANU-PF had transported people to vote in an area in which they did not live. On 1 August, the opposition accused the government of rigging the vote. Just after the Zimbabwe 2018 elections, supporters of Zanu-PF attacked houses of some MDC members, the opposition Party. In subsequent riots by MDC supporters, the army opened fire and killed three people, while three", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "11949813", "text": "the MDC was often associated with white farmers, Western nations, and perceived Western values such as LGBT rights. In February 2014, Mugabe underwent a cataract operation in Singapore; on return he celebrated his ninetieth birthday at a Marondera football stadium. In December 2014, Mugabe fired his Vice-President, Joice Mujuru, accusing her of plotting his overthrow. In January 2015, Mugabe was elected as the Chairperson of the African Union (AU). In November 2015, he announced his intention to run for re-election as Zimbabwe's President in 2018, at the age of 94, and was accepted as the ZANU-PF candidate. In February 2016,", "title": "Robert Mugabe" }, { "id": "20519476", "text": "2018 in Zimbabwe The following lists events from the year 2018 in Zimbabwe. 18 - President Mnagagwa announces that observer missions from the Commonwealth of Nations, the European Union, and the United Nations have been invited to monitor the 2018 general elections. Sibusiso Moyo will be attending the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2018 as an observer, as Zimbabwe has an intention of reengaging with the international community - including a possible return of Zimbabwe to its status as a Commonwealth republic during 2018. Instead, he expressed his wish to vote his long time rival party, the MDC of Nelson", "title": "2018 in Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "20439358", "text": "replacing him with Mnangagwa, and issued a deadline of 20 November for Mugabe to resign the presidency or face impeachment. Mugabe did not resign, so on 21 November a joint session of Parliament and Senate met for his impeachment. After the session convened, Mugabe sent a letter to Zimbabwe's Parliament resigning the presidency. Second Vice-President Phelekezela Mphoko became the Acting President. Mnangagwa was sworn in as President on 24 November 2017. In the first week of October 2017, tensions between Vice-President Emmerson Mnangagwa and Grace Mugabe, two leading figures to replace the 93-year-old Robert Mugabe as President of Zimbabwe, were", "title": "2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état" }, { "id": "4511948", "text": "seats. The next federal elections in 1958 saw a landslide victory for the United Federal Party (UFP), the successor the Federal Party, which won 46 of the 59 seats. The promulgation of the \"Lennox-Boyd constitution\" led to the expansion of the Legislative Council to 22 elected members for the 1959 elections. It provided for 12 \"ordinary\" seats with mostly Europeans, six \"special\" seats mainly reserved for Africans, two reserved for Africans and two reserved for Europeans. The UFP retained their majority, winning 13 seats. Further constitutional reforms led to another electoral system being implemented for the 1962 elections, with 15", "title": "Elections in Zambia" }, { "id": "11534500", "text": "ministers, because she no longer held any seat in Parliament. As of 1 December 2017 President Emmerson Mnangagwa elected a new lean and efficient Cabinet, Cde Sithembiso Nyoni became the new Minister of Women and Youth Affairs. Sithembiso Nyoni Sithembiso Gile Gladys Nyoni is a Zimbabwean politician and a former Minister of Small and Medium Enterprises Development. She is the incumbent minister of Women and Youth Affairs. In the March 2008 parliamentary election, Nyoni was elected to the House of Assembly as the ZANU-PF candidate in Nkayi North. She received 4,634 votes against 4,234 for Moyo Talent of the Movement", "title": "Sithembiso Nyoni" }, { "id": "16323784", "text": "2013 Zimbabwean general election General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 31 July 2013. The incumbent President, Robert Mugabe, was re-elected, whilst his ZANU–PF party won a two-thirds majority in the House of Assembly. This was the first election held under the new constitution approved in a referendum in March 2013 and signed into law by President Robert Mugabe on 22 May. The Supreme Court ruled on 31 May that President Mugabe should set a date as soon as possible, and that presidential and parliamentary elections must be held by 31 July. The ruling followed an application to the court", "title": "2013 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "8492280", "text": "Mphoko, a backer of the pro-Grace Mugabe Generation 40 faction. His youngest son is a DJ in Harare known as St Emmo. One of his twin sons serves in the presidential guard. Mnangagwa is considered to be one of the richest men in Zimbabwe. He is a supporter of Chelsea F.C., because Ivorian footballer Didier Drogba played there. He is a member of the Methodist church. Emmerson Mnangagwa Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa (, (); born 15 September 1942) is a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who serves as the third and current President of Zimbabwe since 24 November 2017. A member of", "title": "Emmerson Mnangagwa" }, { "id": "14170599", "text": "Constantino Chiwenga Constantino Guveya Dominic Nyikadzino Chiwenga (born Constantine Guveya Chiwenga; 25 August 1956) is a retired Zimbabwean general currently serving as Vice-President of Zimbabwe since December 2017. He has served as the Vice-President of the ruling ZANU-PF party since December 2017. He also served as the Minister of Defence, Security and War Veterans between December 2017 and September 2018, He is the former Commander of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces and Commander of the Zimbabwe National Army. He was born in 1956 in the Wedza district of Mashonaland East Province. General Chiwenga was educated up to O Level at St", "title": "Constantino Chiwenga" }, { "id": "20781001", "text": "the ZDF issued a statement saying that it was not a coup d'état and that President Robert Mugabe was safe, although the situation would return to normal only after the ZDF had dealt with the \"criminals\" around Mugabe responsible for the socio-economic problems of Zimbabwe. The uprising took place amid tensions in the ruling ZANU–PF party between former First Vice-President Emmerson Mnangagwa (who was backed by the ZDF and the party's Lacoste faction) and First Lady Grace Mugabe (who was backed by the younger G40 faction) over who would succeed the 93-year-old President Mugabe. A week after Mnangagwa was fired", "title": "2018 Bulawayo bombing" }, { "id": "5298590", "text": "Eddie Cross, and Ian Kay for the House of Assembly – all of these running for one of the Movement for Democratic Change factions (MDC-T) or (MDC-M). Coltart, Cross, and Kay were all elected, while Stevenson failed to take the Mount Pleasant seat in Harare for the Mutumbara faction of the MDC. The MDC won both the Parliamentary and Presidential elections. On 16 September 2008, the formation of a new \"unity\" government was agreed with MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai as Prime Minister. Senator Roy Bennett was nominated to be Minister of Lands, Agriculture, and Resettlement while Eddie Cross was nominated", "title": "White people in Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "19165989", "text": "claimed that people aged 141 are registered to vote, and in one instance a single address had over 100 registered voters. Academic Tony Reeler has argued people should boycott the poll, otherwise they would legitimise the 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état. Opposition leader Nelson Chamisa, has indicated that his party will participate in the election, but has requested the intervention of the Southern African Development Community and African Union. The Zimbabwe Republic Police have been accused of requiring officers to cast postal ballots in front of their supervisors, which is contrary to electoral law, which requires them to be a secret", "title": "2018 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "11949806", "text": "Mbeki refused because he felt that \"Mugabe is part of the solution to this problem.\" However, a spokesman for Blair said that \"he never asked anyone to plan or take part in any such military intervention.\" In March 2008, the parliamentary and presidential elections were held. In the former, ZANU-PF secured 97 seats to the MDC's 99 and the rival MDC – Ncube's 9. In May, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission announced the presidential vote results, confirming that Tsvangirai secured 47.9%, to Mugabe's 43.2%. As neither candidate secured 50%, a run-off vote was scheduled. Mugabe saw his defeat as an unacceptable", "title": "Robert Mugabe" }, { "id": "20440001", "text": "say that \"As soon as we have accomplished our mission, we expect that the situation will return to normalcy.\" On the 18 November 2017, Moyo gave a vote of thanks to all Zimbabweans that marched in solidarity to remove Mugabe outside State House. The announcement role he played of the army stepping in to remove Robert Mugabe as the president of Zimbabwe earned him the sobriquet \"General Bae\". On 30 November 2017, Emmerson Mnangagwa, Zimbabwe's 3rd president, who replaced Mugabe, appointed Moyo as Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Sibusiso Moyo Sibusiso Busi Moyo is a retired Zimbabwean general", "title": "Sibusiso Moyo" }, { "id": "18308060", "text": "along with victories in other parts of the country, such as Manicaland, Masvingo, and Mashonaland West. On 31 March, after a significant delay, the Electoral Commission announced results for the first six seats. The first to be announced was an MDC victory in Chegutu West constituency, followed by five others; three of the first six seats were won by ZANU-PF and three by the MDC. Later in the day, 18 additional seats were declared, also split evenly between the parties, leaving both ZANU-PF and the MDC with a total of 12. In one of these seats, Justice Minister Patrick Chinamasa", "title": "2008 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "10454496", "text": "pose a serious threat to Zimbabwe on June 21, 2007. Parirenyatwa was nominated as ZANU-PF's candidate for the House of Assembly seat from Murehwa North in Mashonaland East in the March 2008 parliamentary election. He won the seat with 7,104 votes against 6,468 for the candidate of the Movement for Democratic Change. After President Robert Mugabe won re-election in July 2013, Parirenyatwa was appointed as Minister of Health on 10 September 2013. On Friday 7 September 2018, David Parirentatwa was dropped by Emmerson Mnangagwa from Cabinet. On 13 September 2018, it was reported that he had been picked up by", "title": "David Parirenyatwa" }, { "id": "187638", "text": "they voted for him. The second round nevertheless went ahead as planned with Mugabe as the only actively participating candidate, although Tsvangirai's name remained on the ballot. Mugabe won the second round by an overwhelming margin and was sworn in for another term as President on 29 June. The international reaction to the second round have varied. The United States and states of the European Union have called for increased sanctions. On 11 July, the United Nations Security Council voted to impose sanctions on the Zimbabwe; Russia and China vetoed. The African Union has called for a \"government of national", "title": "History of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "17305173", "text": "office of the President of Zimbabwe was established in 1980, when the country gained independence from the United Kingdom. Per the Lancaster House Agreement, Zimbabwe was originally a parliamentary republic, with the president serving in mostly a ceremonial role, Real power was vested in the Prime Minister, Robert Mugabe. A Methodist minister, Canaan Banana, became the first President, serving until 1987 in a mostly ceremonial role. He resigned in 1987 shortly after the Constitution was amended to make the presidency an executive post. Mugabe was appointed to succeed him, and was elected in his own right in 1990 and four", "title": "President of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "18149570", "text": "be unaccounted for. The final results released by the Electoral Commission of Zambia on its website indicate the total registered voters as 5,166,084, as opposed to 5,166,088 previously published in the Certified Register of Voters. Lungu was inaugurated as the sixth President on 25 January 2015 at the National Heroes Stadium in the capital Lusaka. Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe attended the swearing in ceremony in his capacity as the Chairman of the Southern African Development Community. Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, the Chairperson of the African Union Commission, congratulated the Zambian people on the successful elections. 2015 Zambian presidential election Presidential elections were", "title": "2015 Zambian presidential election" }, { "id": "5782415", "text": "in on the 10th of October 2017, thereby vacating his CIO post in line with the constitution. Bonyongwe replaced Emmerson Mnangagwa who previously served as head of the intelligence agency. Mnangagwa had held both posts of Minister of Justice and First Vice President at the same time. In a cabinet reshuffle in October 2017, Mnangagwa's ministerial position was given to Bonyongwe. After the 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'etat, Mnangagwa was sworn in as Zimbabwe's 3rd president but did not retain Bonyongwe as Minister of Justice. Happyton Bonyongwe Happyton Mabhuya Bonyongwe is a retired army general who briefly served as Minister of", "title": "Happyton Bonyongwe" }, { "id": "187608", "text": "restoration. Fighting did not cease until Mugabe and Nkomo reached an agreement in December 1987 whereby ZAPU became part of ZANU-PF and the government changed the constitution to make Mugabe the country's first executive president and Nkomo one of two vice-presidents. Elections in March 1990 resulted in another overwhelming victory for Mugabe and his party, which won 117 of the 120 election seats. Election observers estimated voter turnout at only 54% and found the campaign neither free nor fair, though balloting met international standards. Unsatisfied with a \"de facto\" one-party state, Mugabe called on the ZANU-PF Central Committee to support", "title": "History of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "20439375", "text": "youth wing leader Kudzai Chipanga to General Chiwenga, whom he had criticised the day before. Chipanga said that he made his statement voluntarily and that he and other members of the youth league \"are still young and make mistakes\". Morgan Tsvangirai, the former Prime Minister and leader of the main opposition party Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai, who had won 42% of the popular vote against Mugabe's 56.2% in the 2002 presidential election, returned from receiving cancer treatments abroad. Soon after his return to the country, Tsvangirai called for Mugabe to step down. ZANU–PF MP and government minister Paul", "title": "2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état" }, { "id": "4511949", "text": "members elected by an upper roll, 15 elected by a lower roll and 15 by both rolls together. Although the UFP won the most seats, the United National Independence Party (UNIP) and the Northern Rhodesian African National Congress (NRANC) were able to form a coalition government. The next elections in 1964 were held under another new system, with 65 seats elected by an African \"main roll\" and ten seats by a \"reserved roll\" primarily for Europeans. The result was a victory for UNIP, which won 55 of the 75 seats, allowing Kenneth Kaunda to become Prime Minister, and subsequently President", "title": "Elections in Zambia" }, { "id": "7639453", "text": "US Politics: 'Congress, the President, the Issues after Election Day’ - The Honorable Martin Frost, Democrat, Texas, and The Honorable Phil Gingrey, Republican, Georgia. 2017 - ‘Somaliland – the case for recognition’ - Dr Saad Shire, Somaliland Minister of Foreign Affairs. 2017 - ‘Zimbabwe: Will Mugabe & ZANU (PF) hold onto power in 2018?’ - Tendai Biti, a leading Zimbabwean opposition figure, a founder of the Movement for Democratic Change and Finance Minister in the Government of National Unity 2009-13; founder of the People’s Democratic Party. 2017 - ‘Poland and the United Kingdom: Post-Brexit Relations’ - H.E. Arkady Józef Rzegocki,", "title": "European-Atlantic Group" }, { "id": "20993821", "text": "12%, respectively, as well as the MDC–T candidate, Desmond Jambaya, who earned 6% of the vote. He was sworn into Parliament on 5 September 2018. Mnangagwa is married and lives in the Mabelreign suburb of Harare. He has two children with his ex-wife, Shuvai Murumbi. He is the nephew of President Emmerson Mnangagwa and his wife, First Lady Auxillia Mnangagwa. Tongai Mnangagwa Tongai Mafidi Mnangagwa (born 10 February 1978) is a Zimbabwean politician who currently serves as the Member of Parliament for the Harare South constituency. He is the nephew of President Emmerson Mnangagwa and is the only ZANU–PF MP", "title": "Tongai Mnangagwa" }, { "id": "12149023", "text": "issued by the Zimbabwe Election Support Network (ZESN) late on 31 March, Tsvangirai was ahead with 49.4% to Mugabe's 41.8%; Makoni had 8.2%, and Towungana had 0.6%. On 1 April, MDC Vice-President Thokozani Khupe said that, based on results from all but 27 constituencies, Tsvangirai had 56% of the vote and Mugabe had 37%. On the same day, the Electoral Commission invited the presidential candidates or their election managers to be present as results are collated, and Tsvangirai said that he would not declare victory until the Electoral Commission announced official results. Tsvangirai also denied rumours that the MDC was", "title": "Vote counting for the 2008 Zimbabwean presidential election" }, { "id": "13066801", "text": "Lazarus Dokora Lazarus Dokora was the Zimbabwe Minister of Education, Sport and Culture. On November 27, 2017, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who succeeded ousted President Robert Mugabe, announced the dissolution of the Zimbabwe Cabinet, leaving only Patrick Chinamasa and Simbarashe Mumbengegwi as acting ministers of Finance and Foreign Affairs respectively. Dokora was an MP from Rushinga National Assembly, before losing to Wonder Mashange in the general elections in 2013. He was appointed as the Minister of Primary and Secondary Education on November 30, 2017 by President Emmerson Mnangagwa. He was dropped by Mnangagwa as Minister for Primary and Secondary Education on 2", "title": "Lazarus Dokora" }, { "id": "11568852", "text": "1996 Zimbabwean presidential election Presidential elections was held in Zimbabwe on 16 and 17 March 1996. The elections were contested by the incumbent President Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe Rhodesia-era Prime Minister Abel Muzorewa, and ZANU–Ndonga leader Ndabaningi Sithole. Mugabe won, claiming over 90% of the vote, though turnout was just 32.3%, largely as a result of Sithole and Muzorewa withdrawing their candidacies shortly before the election (though their names remained on the ballot) due to threats of violence. Sithole (who was under virtual house arrest due to charges of attempting to assassinate Mugabe) withdrew after claiming that Mugabe's ZANU–PF was undermining", "title": "1996 Zimbabwean presidential election" }, { "id": "465659", "text": "\"Right now we literally have nothing.\" In November 2017, the army led a coup d'état following the dismissal of Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa, placing Mugabe under house arrest. The army denied that their actions constituted a coup. Mugabe resigned on 21 November 2017, after leading the country for 37 years. Although under the Constitution of Zimbabwe Mugabe should be succeeded by Vice President Phelekezela Mphoko, a supporter of Grace Mugabe, ZANU-PF chief whip Lovemore Matuke stated to the Reuters news agency that Mnangagwa would be appointed as president. In December 2017 the website Zimbabwe News, calculating the cost of the", "title": "Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "18459549", "text": "Miles Sampa Miles Sampa is a Zambian politician and a former Member of Parliament for Matero Constituency.He was elected Mayor of Lusaka in August 2018. After the death of the Fifth President of the Republic of Zambia, Michael Chilufya Sata, Sampa's uncle, Sampa was elected as President of the party at a controversial Patriotic Front general conference. His election was later deemed illegal by the courts of law. Edgar Lungu, who would later become President, was declared the rightful PF president. Sampa was later appointed as commerce deputy Minister in Edgar Lungu's government. He resigned and left PF shortly before", "title": "Miles Sampa" }, { "id": "2253152", "text": "he publicly claimed that he was poisoned, in early-October 2017. On 15 November 2017, a military coup in Zimbabwe resulted in President Robert Mugabe being placed under house arrest and led to speculation over whether Grace Mugabe or Emmerson Mnangagwa would succeed him as leader of the party. Following the 2017 Zimbabwe coup, ZANU-PF voted to depose Robert Mugabe as party leader and install the banished Emmerson Mnangagwa as leader instead. Before the Zimbabwean parliament could vote to impeach Mugabe, he resigned from the presidency on 21 November 2017. Mnangagwa was sworn in as the new President of the Republic", "title": "ZANU–PF" }, { "id": "11713987", "text": "for a government of national unity. He obtained 0.6% of the vote, finishing fourth and last. Langton Towungana Langton Towungana was an independent presidential candidate in the Zimbabwean presidential election held on March 29, 2008. His opponents were Morgan Tsvangirai of the Movement for Democratic Change, Simba Makoni, another independent candidate, and incumbent President Robert Mugabe of ZANU-PF. Towungana emerged from obscurity on electoral court nomination day and filed his papers declaring his intention to contest in the presidential election. He is a resident of the small tourist resort town of Victoria Falls, where he is a teacher and runs", "title": "Langton Towungana" }, { "id": "17813632", "text": "Mthuli Ncube Mthuli Ncube (born 1963), is the minister of Finance in the Zimbabwe cabinet appointed by president Emmerson Mnangagwa and past chief economist and Vice President of the African Development Bank. He holds a PhD in Mathematical Finance from Cambridge University. On 7 September 2018, President Emmerson Mnangagwa announced Zimbabwe's new cabinet where he also named Professor Mthuli Ncube as the Finance Minister. Before joining the bank, he was dean and professor of finance at Wits Business School and then dean of the faculty of Commerce, Law and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) as well as", "title": "Mthuli Ncube" }, { "id": "18308062", "text": "on 2 April showed ZANU-PF losing its parliamentary majority: the MDC (Tsvangirai) had 96 seats, ZANU-PF had 94 seats, the MDC (Mutambara) had nine seats, and one seat was won by an independent, Jonathan Moyo. Aside from Chinamasa, six other ministers were defeated: Joseph Made, Oppah Muchingura, Mike Nyambuya, Amos Midzi, Chen Chimutengwende, and Chris Mushohwe. Shortly afterwards, final results for the House of Assembly showed the MDC (Tsvangirai) with 99 seats, ZANU-PF with 97 seats, the MDC (Mutambara) with ten seats, and one independent. Despite the MDC (Tsvangirai)'s lead in seats, ZANU-PF was credited with the lead in the", "title": "2008 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "18379786", "text": "Edgar Lungu Edgar Chagwa Lungu (born 11 November 1956) is a Zambian politician who has been the President of Zambia since January 2015. Under President Michael Sata, Lungu served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Defence. Following Sata's death in October 2014, Lungu was adopted as the candidate of the ruling Patriotic Front for the January 2015 presidential by-election, which was to determine who would serve out the remainder of Sata's term. In the election, he narrowly defeated opposition candidate Hakainde Hichilema and took office on 25 January 2015. Lungu was elected to a full presidential term in the", "title": "Edgar Lungu" }, { "id": "8492271", "text": "impeachment process would begin. However, he still refused to step down, despite his political controversy. Before impeachment could begin the next day, Mugabe resigned from office. In accordance with the Zimbabwean constitution, the vice president, Phelekezela Mphoko, became acting president, pending nomination of a new candidate by the ruling party. The ZANU-PF chief whip duly nominated Mnangagwa, telling news organisations that he would take over as president within 48 hours. Mnangagwa returned to Zimbabwe on 22 November 2017, following a temporary stay in South Africa. Zimbabwean State Broadcaster, ZBC, confirmed that Mnangagwa would be sworn in as President of Zimbabwe", "title": "Emmerson Mnangagwa" }, { "id": "16323785", "text": "by a Zimbabwean citizen, Jealousy Mawarire, demanding that the country's president set the date for elections before the expiry of the tenure of the seventh parliament, on 29 June 2013. Under the new constitution the winner of the presidential election would serve a five-year term. Most of Zimbabwe's 2010 districts had candidates from all of the three major parties: ZANU-PF, one of the two formulations of the MDC, and ZAPU. Minor party candidates and independents rounded out the field in some districts. In accepting the election date, Tsvangirai said that reforms should have preceded the election, as he began his", "title": "2013 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "18307984", "text": "ZANU-PF would win 137 House of Assembly seats and 41 Senate seats, that the MDC faction led by Tsvangirai would win 53 House of Assembly seats and 13 Senate seats, and that the MDC faction led by Mutambara would win 18 House of Assembly seats and six Senate seats. The survey was based on the views of 10,322 participants, and all of the country's wards were represented in the survey. Voting began at 7 am on 29 March and continued for 12 hours, with polling stations closing at 7 pm, although voters who were still in line at that point", "title": "2008 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "16323794", "text": "who were appointed to most of the key posts: Patrick Chinamasa as Minister of Finance, Emmerson Mnangagwa as Minister of Justice, Sydney Sekeramayi as Minister of Defense, and Jonathan Moyo as Minister of Information. However, some posts went to ZANU-PF moderates and younger politicians. President Mugabe opened Parliament on 17 September 2013. On that occasion he vowed that \"the indigenisation programme is to be pursued with renewed vigour\". 2013 Zimbabwean general election General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 31 July 2013. The incumbent President, Robert Mugabe, was re-elected, whilst his ZANU–PF party won a two-thirds majority in the House", "title": "2013 Zimbabwean general election" }, { "id": "13579086", "text": "2002 Zimbabwean presidential election Presidential elections were held in Zimbabwe between 9 and 11 March 2002. The elections were contested by the incumbent president Robert Mugabe, Movement for Democratic Change leader Morgan Tsvangirai, ZANU–Ndonga leader Wilson Kumbula, Shakespeare Maya of the National Alliance for Good Governance and independent candidate Paul Siwela. Although Mugabe won with 56.2% of the vote, it was the closest presidential election to date. Although the Organisation of African Unity described the election as \"transparent, credible, free and fair\", the conduct of the election was strongly condemned by the Commonwealth, Norwegian observers, Zimbabwean opposition figures, and Western", "title": "2002 Zimbabwean presidential election" }, { "id": "19727195", "text": "Inauguration of Edgar Lungu The inauguration of Edgar Lungu as the 6th President of Zambia took place on 13 September 2016. This was the second time Edgar Lungu took the oath after he first took office on 25 January 2015. Edgar Lungu took the oath alongside Inonge Wina as Vice-President of Zambia. The day of the inauguration was set as a public holiday in Zambia and Monday September 12 as a half working day. Lungu won the controversial August 2016 presidential election, receiving 50.35% of the vote. The election received various criticisms from the opposition party and the opposition petitioned", "title": "Inauguration of Edgar Lungu" }, { "id": "5066151", "text": "Sata finished second to MMD candidate Rupiah Banda with 38% of the vote to Banda's 40%. The 2011 general elections saw a reversal of the 2008 result, with Sata beating Banda by a margin of 42% to 35%. The PF also became the largest party in the National Assembly, winning 60 of the 150 seats. However, Sata died in office in October 2014. Vice-President Guy Scott took over as interim president until a by-election was held in January 2015. Edgar Lungu was selected as the party's candidate, and won the election with 48% of the vote. Patriotic Front (Zambia) The", "title": "Patriotic Front (Zambia)" }, { "id": "18149563", "text": "Guy Scott became acting president and became the first non-Arab white head of state on the African continent since Apartheid-era South Africa's F. W. de Klerk. The constitution required that elections be held within 90 days of the death of an incumbent president. On 18 November, Scott announced the election date, which also launched the campaigning period. On 27 February 2014, the Opposition Alliance was formed to field a common candidate in the 2016 elections. The alliance consisted of the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), the Alliance for Better Zambia, Zambians for Empowerment and Development, the People's Party, and the", "title": "2015 Zambian presidential election" }, { "id": "465789", "text": "three branches, the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches, with President as the head of the executive branch, the Prime Minister the head of the legislative branch and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Zimbabwe the head of the judicial branch. Under Zimbabwe's Constitution, the president is the head of state, government and commander-in-chief of the defence forces, elected by popular majority vote. Prior to 2013, the president was elected for a 6-year term with no term limits. The new constitution approved in the 2013 constitutional referendum limits the president to two 5-year terms, but this does", "title": "Politics of Zimbabwe" }, { "id": "20625595", "text": "exploiting Zimbabwe's national resources to benefit all of the population. The coalition wishes to fulfil the aspirations of the Founding Zimbabwean Nationalists by ensuring that all Zimbabweans are treated equally. Coalition of Democrats (Zimbabwe) The Coalition of Democrats (CODE) are an opposition faction within Zimbabwe which was formed on the 9 August 2017. The group have endorsed Elton Mangoma as their presidential candidate for the 2018 General Election. The group is led by ZAPU party leader Dumiso Dabengwa who currently sits as the Chair of the group's Supreme Council. CODE is a group made up of nine political parties which", "title": "Coalition of Democrats (Zimbabwe)" } ]

[ "Subhas[4] Chandra Bose", "Mohan Singh" ]

[ { "id": "20111821", "text": "employed various torturous measures in order to coerce the POWs to join the INA. Scholars have generally agreed that both Mohan Singh and Subhas Chandra Bose were influential figures. However, earlier scholars, who were writing at a time when the Indian government had begun to portray Bose as a nationalistic hero, tended to accord much of the success of the INA to Bose. However, scholars from newer non-nationalistic historical traditions, supported by access to newer historical sources, argue that both Singh and Bose were major players in the formation and maintenance of the INA. Captain Mohan Singh was a soldier", "title": "Indian National Army in Singapore" }, { "id": "20111798", "text": "Indian National Army in Singapore The Indian National Army (INA) was an Indian military wing in Southeast Asia, particularly active in Singapore, that was officially formed in April 1942 and disbanded in August 1945. It was formed with the help of the Japanese forces and was made up of roughly about 45 000 Indian POWs, who were captured after the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942. It was initially headed by Mohan Singh till April 1942. Following disagreements between Mohan Singh and other leaders of the INA, the responsibility of leadership fell to Subhas Chandra Bose in 1943. Between", "title": "Indian National Army in Singapore" }, { "id": "20111805", "text": "up the stage for many soldiers to switch loyalties to the Japanese in 1942. The circumstances leading up to the formation of the INA have been contested. While some scholars have gone down the nationalistic road, newer scholars have instead challenged these claims and with the aid of new sources been able to shed a different light on the same event. Early accounts trace the founding of the INA to the spontaneous uprising of nationalism among Indian troops in Malaya. More recent accounts, however, suggest the Japanese played a central role in its formation and development. Plans by the Japanese", "title": "Indian National Army in Singapore" }, { "id": "12661173", "text": "end the British raj through military means, used Japanese sponsorship to form the Azad Hind Fauj or \"Indian National Army\" (INA). The INA was composed mainly of former prisoners of war from the British Indian Army who had been captured by the Japanese after the fall of Singapore. They joined primarily because of the very harsh, often fatal conditions in POW camps. The INA also recruited volunteers from Indian expatriates in Southeast Asia. Bose was eager for the INA to participate in any invasion of India, and persuaded several Japanese that a victory such as Mutaguchi anticipated would lead to", "title": "India–Japan relations" }, { "id": "10827736", "text": "high-command sought to expand the scope and support for the evolving INA as well as the Japanese support for the independence movement. For this it sought the counsel of Rash Behari Bose. Rash Behari had lived in self-exile in Japan since the 1920s. He encouraged the formation of the INA, but also sought to attach it to a central civilian authority speaking for and encouraging Indian civilian Indian population of the region to become a part of it. The framework of local Indian associations that existed before the war reached Malaya were rekindled. In December 1941, after meeting with the", "title": "First Indian National Army" }, { "id": "1482128", "text": "the INA were not allowed to join the new Indian Armed Forces as a condition for independence. Within India, the INA continues to be an emotive and celebrated subject of discussion. It continued to have a strong hold over the public psyche and the sentiments of the armed forces until as late as 1947. It has been suggested that Shah Nawaz Khan was tasked with organising INA troops to train Congress volunteers at Jawaharlal Nehru's request in late 1946 and early 1947. After 1947, several members of the INA who were closely associated with Subhas Bose and with the INA", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "11401150", "text": "Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru, the organisation was active in Singapore and Malaya following Japan's successful Malayan Campaign in the Second World War. The Indian National Army (INA) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in South east Asia, also during World War II. Their aim was to overthrow the British Raj in colonial India, with Japanese assistance. Many Indian soldiers and civilians were recruited in Singapore and Malaya to join the INA during the Japanese occupation. Many of them died fighting alongside the Japanese against the British in Burma during the war. Scholars have identified two phases", "title": "History of Singaporean Indians" }, { "id": "20289634", "text": "Indian nurses association The Indian Nurses Association (INA) is a professional organization and trade union for Registered Nurses in India. The reason for the formation of several newer nursing associations can traced back to 2011. The death of Miss Beena Baby, a Registered Nurse, who committed suicide due staff bullying in a private hospital which had illegal management norms was cited as the reason for the formation of this association. The so-called \"bond system\" executed by the Mumbai based hospital was an indirect violation against Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act, 1976. However, nursing regulator in India the Indian Nursing Council", "title": "Indian nurses association" }, { "id": "10569893", "text": "Bidadari Resolutions The Bidadari Resolutions were set of resolutions adopted by the nascent Indian National Army in April 1942 that declared the formation of the INA and its aim to launch an armed struggle for Indian independence. The resolution was declared at the Bidadari PoW camp in Singapore during Japanese occupation of the island. The fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942 brought under the Japanese occupation approximately 45,000 Indian PoWs. The surrender of these PoWs were accepted by Major Fujiwara Iwaichi, separately from that of British PoWs, on the morning of 17th at Farrer Park. Fujiwara passed on their", "title": "Bidadari Resolutions" }, { "id": "13118693", "text": "important senior officers from among the Indian prisoners of war attended the Bidadari Conference called by Captain Mohan Singh at Bidadari Camp in Singapore on 24 April 1942. The resolutions of this Conference, came to be known as the Bidadari Resolutions, formed the backbone of formation of INA. As resolved at the Tokyo Conference, a representative conference of the Indians who lived in East Asian countries was held at Bangkok on 15 June 1942, which continued for 10 days. Thirty INA volunteers nominated by Mohan Singh among the Indian prisoners of war attended it. A resolution was passed at this", "title": "Raja Habib ur Rahman Khan" }, { "id": "9767063", "text": "interpreters. His initial contact was with Giani Pritam Singh. Pritam Singh was a leader of such an organisation. He and Major Fujihara, a Japanese officer, requested Mohan Singh to form an Indian Army comprising the captured Indian soldiers. Mohan Singh hesitated but ultimately agreed. Fujihara handed over about 40,000 Indian soldiers, who had surrendered to him, to Mohan Singh. This was the initial step towards the formation of the first Indian National Army (INA). The British force in the northern part of the Malaya Peninsula, including Mohan Singh's battalion, 1/14 Punjab Regiment, was fleeing towards the South. Mohan Singh's own", "title": "Mohan Singh (general)" }, { "id": "11177195", "text": "special operations in Persia and Afghanistan, and later a small deployment in Italy. The INA was not considered a significant military threat. However, it was deemed a significant strategic threat especially to the Indian Army, with Wavell describing it as a target of prime importance. The Indian National Army was initially formed under Mohan Singh Deb consisting of prisoners taken by the Japan in her Malayan campaign and at Singapore. Later, after it was reorganized under Subhas Chandra Bose, it drew a large number of civilian volunteers from Malaya and Burma. Ultimately, a force of under 40,000 was formed, although", "title": "Battles and operations of the Indian National Army" }, { "id": "1482090", "text": "PoW camps. Mohan Singh was expected to be shot. Between December 1942 and February 1943, Rash Behari struggled to hold the INA together. On 15 February 1943, the army itself was put under the command of Lt. Col. M.Z. Kiani. A policy forming body was formed with Lt. Col Lt. Col J.R. Bhonsle (Director of the Military Bureau) in charge and clearly placed under the authority of the IIL. Under Bhonsle served Lt. Col. Shah Nawaz Khan as Chief of General Staff, Major P.K. Sahgal as Military Secretary, Major Habib ur Rahman as commandant of the Officers' Training School and", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "10569897", "text": "and orders of the first INA was built. Bidadari Resolutions The Bidadari Resolutions were set of resolutions adopted by the nascent Indian National Army in April 1942 that declared the formation of the INA and its aim to launch an armed struggle for Indian independence. The resolution was declared at the Bidadari PoW camp in Singapore during Japanese occupation of the island. The fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942 brought under the Japanese occupation approximately 45,000 Indian PoWs. The surrender of these PoWs were accepted by Major Fujiwara Iwaichi, separately from that of British PoWs, on the morning of", "title": "Bidadari Resolutions" }, { "id": "3596582", "text": "relatively successful in recruiting combat forces from Indian prisoners of war. These forces were known as the Tiger Legion and the Indian National Army (INA). Indian nationalist leader Subhas Chandra Bose led the 40,000-strong INA. From a total of about 55,000 Indians taken prisoner in Malaya and Singapore in February 1942, about 30,000 joined the INA, which fought Allied forces in the Burma Campaign. Others became guards at Japanese POW camps. The recruitment was the brainchild of Major Fujiwara Iwaichi who mentions in his memoirs that Captain Mohan Singh Deb, who surrendered after the fall of Jitra became the founder", "title": "British Indian Army" }, { "id": "10827716", "text": "First Indian National Army The First Indian National Army (or the First INA) was the Indian National Army as it existed between February and December 1942. It was formed with Japanese aid and support after the Fall of Singapore and consisted of approximately 12,000 of the 40,000 Indian prisoners of war who were captured either during the Malayan campaign or surrendered at Singapore and was led by Mohan Singh. It was formally proclaimed in April 1942 and declared the subordinate military wing of the Indian Independence League in June that year. The unit was dissolved in December 1942 after apprehensions", "title": "First Indian National Army" }, { "id": "1482079", "text": "Indian National Army The Indian National Army (INA; \"Azad Hind Fauj\"; \"lit.\": Free Indian Army) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. Its aim was to secure Indian independence from British rule. It formed an alliance with the Empire of Japan in the latter's campaign in the Southeast Asian theatre of WWII. The army was first formed in 1942 under Mohan Singh, by Indian PoWs of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan campaign and at Singapore. This first INA collapsed and was disbanded in December that year", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "1490219", "text": "ordered the major Hollywood movie studios to sell their theater chains and to end certain anti-competitive practices. This court ruling ended the studio system. By 1958, SIMPP achieved many of the goals that led to its creation, and the group ceased operations. Needing a turnaround, Pickford and Chaplin hired Paul V. McNutt, a former governor of Indiana, as chairman and Frank L. McNamee as president. McNutt did not have the skill to solve UA's financial problems and the pair was replaced after only a few months. On February 16, 1951, lawyers-turned-producers Arthur B. Krim (of Eagle-Lion Films) and Robert Benjamin", "title": "United Artists" }, { "id": "14431558", "text": "address urgently, After the Nigerian civil war, some prominent Igbos gathered to proclaim the need to unify Igbos under a common umbrella body. This initiative was much welcomed considering maximum displacement of the Igbos during the war and its aftermath. An organizational assembly was created, referred to as the Igbo National Assembly (INA). This organization was later banned by the Federal Military Government at the time, probably due to the Government's fear of a grand suspicious agenda being cultivated by the Igbos via the organization; hence, the creation of Ohanaeze Ndigbo, in 1976. Professor Ben Nwabueze, a foremost constitutional lawyer,", "title": "Ohanaeze Ndigbo" }, { "id": "9362314", "text": "Friedan scribbled the acronym \"NOW\". The 21 people who became founders in October were: Caruthers Berger, Colleen Boland, Inez Casiano, Carl Degler, Elizabeth Drews, Mary Esther Gaulden (later Jagger), Muriel Fox, Ruth Gober, Richard Graham, Anna Arnold Hedgeman, Lucille Kapplinger (later Hazell), Bessie Margolin, Margorie Palmer, Sonia Pressman (later Fuentes), Sister Mary Joel Read, Amy Robinson, Charlotte Roe, Alice Rossi, Claire R. Salmond, Morag Simchak and Clara Wells. The founders were frustrated with the way in which the federal government was not enforcing the new anti-discrimination laws. Even after measures like the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and Title VII", "title": "National Organization for Women" }, { "id": "1482101", "text": "Rahman, and the \"Azad\" School for the civilian volunteers were set up to provide training to the recruits. A youth wing of the INA, composed of 45 young Indians personally chosen by Bose and known as the Tokyo Boys, was also sent to Japan's Imperial Military Academy, where its members trained as fighter pilots. A separate all-female unit was also created under Lakshmi Sahgal. This unit was intended to have combat-commitments. Named \"Jhansi ki Rani\" (\"Jhansi Queens\") Regiment (after the legendary rebel Queen Lakshmibai of the 1857 rebellion), it drew female civilian volunteers from Malaya and Burma. The 1st Division", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "10827717", "text": "of Japanese motives with regards to the INA led to disagreements and distrust between Mohan Singh and INA leadership on one hand, and the League's leadership, most notably Rash Behari Bose. A large number of the INAs initial volunteers, however, later went on to join the INA in its second incarnation under Subhas Chandra Bose. This first incarnation of the Indian National Army was involved in operations of espionage in the Burma frontier which, according to some military historians and allied generals, threatened the moral of Indian troops and fed discontentment and was partly responsible for the failure of the", "title": "First Indian National Army" }, { "id": "3651075", "text": "of NAM; and Vice Chair of the Board David T. Seaton, Chairman and CEO, Fluor Corporation, among others. NAM was founded by Thomas P. Egan, late President of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and head of the J.A. Fay and Egan Co., woodworking and machinery company, not long after reading an editorial in the magazine \"Dixie,\" out of Atlanta, Georgia, during the depression of 1894. This editorial urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally. Under Egan's leadership, organization began, and a group was created; they called themselves the \"Big 50\"; he", "title": "National Association of Manufacturers" }, { "id": "10827774", "text": "struggled to hold together the INA. On 15 February 1943, the Army itself was put under the command of Lt. Col. M.Z. Kiani. A policy forming body was formed with Lt. Col J.R. Bhonsle, Director of the Military Bureau, in charge and clearly placed under the authority of the IIL. Under Bhonsle served Lt. Col. Shah Nawaz Khan as Chief of General Staff, Major P.K. Sahgal as Military Secretary, Major Habib ur Rahman as commandant of the Officers' Training School and Lt. Col. A.C. Chatterji (later Major A.D. Jahangir) as head of enlightenment and culture. A number of the officers", "title": "First Indian National Army" }, { "id": "16935799", "text": "planned from early in the war to subvert Indian troops. They wanted a pro-Indian independence organisation in place by the time they attacked the United States, and aided in the creation of the Indian National Army (INA). When creating the INA, the Japanese agreed to whole-hearted aid, cooperation, and alliance. The Japanese considered Subhas Chandra Bose as the probable leader for the INA. Japanese propaganda to Indian troops was accomplished primarily through leaflets and radio. Leaflets distributed to Indian troops, particularly along the border region, asked them to join the Japanese and help liberate India. A “Free India” radio station", "title": "Propaganda and India in World War II" }, { "id": "10827749", "text": "the formation of an all-Indian IIL was proclaimed at Bangkok. In June 1942, a second conference was held in Bangkok with Rash Behari as chair. This conference saw the adoption of a resolution declaring the INA sub-ordinate to the League. K.P.K Menon, Nedyam Raghavan were civilian members among the civilian members of the council while Mohan Singh and an officer by the name of Gilani were to be the INA's members. The Bangkok resolution further reaffirmed the Bidadary resolution that the INA was only to go to war when the Congress and the Indian population wished it to. On the", "title": "First Indian National Army" }, { "id": "183738", "text": "form a military alliance with Germany or Japan to gain independence. The Germans assisted Bose in the formation of the Indian Legion; however, it was Japan that helped him revamp the Indian National Army (INA), after the First Indian National Army under Mohan Singh was dissolved. The INA fought under Japanese direction, mostly in Burma. Bose also headed the Provisional Government of Free India (or Azad Hind), a government-in-exile based in Singapore. The government of Azad Hind had its own currency, court, and civil code; and in the eyes of some Indians its existence gave a greater legitimacy to the", "title": "History of India" }, { "id": "20111799", "text": "1942 and 1945, the INA was involved in various military operations fighting alongside the Japanese forces and against the British and Allied forces. They are notable for their contributions to the battle fought in Burma, Imphal and Kohima. Following the defeat of the Japanese, the INA was dissolved in August 1945. However, its effects continued to be felt in the Indian Independence Movement. Some scholars believe that the INA acted as a catalyst for the Indian Independence movement. During the INA trials in 1945 and 1946, the nationalistic sentiments aroused by the INA led to the various mutinies in the", "title": "Indian National Army in Singapore" }, { "id": "11177197", "text": "at Singapore. In February 1942, the Indian prisoners of war from the British Indian Army captured there came under the influence of Indian nationalists, notably Mohan Singh Deb, and a large number volunteered to form the Indian National Army with support from Japan and had the stated aim of overthrowing The Raj from India. Of the formation of this army however, the British intelligence was unaware of until around July 1942, and even then was unclear on the scale, purpose and organisation of the INA. Intelligence summaries initially did not believe the INA to be a substantial force or have", "title": "Battles and operations of the Indian National Army" }, { "id": "10827746", "text": "Japanese as these incidents further cemented their initial beliefs about the cruel nature of the Japanese and would further affirm their decision to not join the INA in May 1942. In April 1942, as the discussions and the process of setting up the Indian Independence League and defining the aims of the movement carried on, Mohan Singh convened a meeting of a group of his officers to frame what is now called the Bidadary resolution. This resolution announced that: Indians stood above all differences of caste, community, or religion. Independence was every Indian's birthright. An Indian National Army would be", "title": "First Indian National Army" }, { "id": "3056589", "text": "quashed this idea, but found that their superiors at Southern Expeditionary Army Group HQ in Singapore were keen on it. When the staff at Southern Expeditionary Army were persuaded that the plan was inherently risky, they in turn found that Imperial General Headquarters in Tokyo was in favour of Mutaguchi's plan. The Japanese were influenced to an unknown degree by Subhas Chandra Bose, commander of the Indian National Army. This was composed largely of Indian soldiers who had been captured in Malaya or Singapore, and Indians (Tamils) living in Malaya. At Bose's instigation, a substantial contingent of the INA joined", "title": "Burma Campaign" }, { "id": "692193", "text": "more. By 1951, enrollment stood at 35,000 and included teachers, county and city employees. In 1982 through the merger of the Insurance Company of North America (INA) founded in 1792 and Connecticut General (CG) founded in 1865 came together to become CIGNA. Also in 1929 Dr. Michael Shadid created a health plan in Elk City, Oklahoma in which farmers bought shares for $50 to raise the money to build a hospital. The medical community did not like this arrangement and threatened to suspend Shadid's licence. The Farmer's Union took control of the hospital and the health plan in 1934. Also", "title": "Health maintenance organization" }, { "id": "2184651", "text": "Japan with almost 10 percent, while EU countries pay a total of above 30 percent). From July 2016 to June 2017, 28.6 percent of the budget used for peacekeeping operations was provided by the United States. The United States had a pivotal role in establishing the UN. The UN is an outgrowth of the Atlantic Charter. It appeared in the Declaration by United Nations on January 1, 1942, in which 26 nations pledged to continue fighting the Axis powers. Their main inspiration was the League of Nations; however, their goals were to rectify the League’s imperfections in order to create", "title": "United States and the United Nations" }, { "id": "2205883", "text": "assisted by prominent political figures such as José Miguens, Mariano Grondona, and Minister of Defense Rodolfo Martinez.) Frondizi was held in detention until July 1963. After his release and the return of Frigerio from exile, they founded the Integration and Development Movement (MID) on a developmentalist platform. Unable to field candidates in the 1963 elections due to military and conservative opposition, the MID and Perón agreed on a \"National Popular Front.\" The alliance was scuttled by military pressure, and the MID endorsed a \"blank vote\" option. Those among Frondizi's former allies who objected to this move backed the progressive former", "title": "Arturo Frondizi" }, { "id": "4954786", "text": "Second World War. Nationalist movements in India established branch organisations in Singapore to draw on local Indian support for Indian independence. The Indian Independence League was a political organisation operated from the 1920s to the 1940s to organise those living outside of India to remove the British from India. Founded in 1928 by Indian nationalists Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru, the organisation was active in Singapore and Malaya following Japan's successful Malayan Campaign in the Second World War. The Indian National Army (INA) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in South east Asia, also during", "title": "Indian Singaporeans" }, { "id": "10180569", "text": "when the decision was made to found the OI, the organization was officially launched in the spring of 1989. The AFL-CIO and five unions—SEIU, UNITE, UFCW, AFSCME and the United Steelworkers—agreed to fund the OI. The OI was established as an autonomous entity under the supervision of the AFL-CIO Organizing and Field Services Department. Bensinger was named the unit's first executive director. One of the primary goals of the OI in its first years was not only to promote the organizing model but to reinvigorate the labor movement. An essential element in achieving this goal was the recruitment of non-union", "title": "Organizing Institute" }, { "id": "1482080", "text": "after differences between the INA leadership and the Japanese military over its role in Japan's war in Asia. It was revived under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose after his arrival in Southeast Asia in 1943. The army was declared to be the army of Bose's \"Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind\" (the Provisional Government of Free India). Under Bose's leadership, the INA drew ex-prisoners and thousands of civilian volunteers from the Indian expatriate population in Malaya (present-day Malaysia) and Burma. This second INA fought along with the Imperial Japanese Army against the British and Commonwealth forces in the campaigns in Burma, in", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "1482107", "text": "India would ensure that even if Japan ultimately lost the war, Britain would not be in a position to re-assert its colonial authority. It was planned that, once Japanese forces had broken through British defences at Imphal, the INA would cross the hills of North-East India into the Gangetic plain, where it would work as a guerrilla army. This army was expected to live off the land, with captured British supplies,support, and personnel from the local population. The plans chosen by Bose and Masakazu Kawabe, chief of Burma area army, envisaged the INA being assigned an independent sector in the", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "13863279", "text": "the second oldest national Indian organization and was influenced and aligned with the Civil Rights Movement. The goal of NIYC is to protect Indian treaty, hunting, and fishing rights. Mel Thom developed the following creed from which many ideas were drawn and used in the preamble of the NIYC's constitution: After the founding of the NIYC, the group decided to take the fight for Native American rights in a new direction and use direct action to solve problems. Direct actions included fish-ins and protest marches. This inspired other organizations to do the same, such as the American Indian Movement.[6]:2 In", "title": "National Indian Youth Council" }, { "id": "6679825", "text": "government. The committee declared the formation of the Congress' defence team for the INA and included famous lawyers of the time, including Bhulabhai Desai, Asaf Ali, and Jawaharlal Nehru. QUIT INDIA BILL passed on 8 Aug 1942. Some members of the Congress initially supported the sailors who led the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny. However, they withdrew support at the critical juncture, as the mutiny failed. Within the Congress, the Partition was opposed by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Saifuddin Kitchlew, Dr. Khan Sahib and Congressmen from the provinces that would inevitably become parts of Pakistan. Maulana Azad opposed partition in principle,", "title": "History of the Indian National Congress" }, { "id": "11675913", "text": "has been credited to its commander, Lieutenant General William Slim. He enforced the use of anti-malarial drugs as part of an emphasis on individual health, established realistic jungle warfare training, rebuilt the army's self-respect by winning easy small-scale victories and developed local military infrastructure. Slim's efforts were aided by improvements to the Allied lines of communication. By October 1944, capacity on the North-East Indian Railways had been raised from 600 tons a day at the start of the war to 4,400 tons a day. The Allied Eastern Air Command, which consisted mainly of Royal Air Force squadrons but also several", "title": "Burma Campaign 1944" }, { "id": "12770388", "text": "The Allies discussed their general strategy for the war, and recognised joint leadership of North Africa by Giraud and de Gaulle. Henri Giraud and Charles de Gaulle then became co-presidents of the \"Comité français de la Libération Nationale\", which unified the Free French Forces and territories controlled by them and had been founded at the end of 1943. Democratic rule was restored in French Algeria, and the Communists and Jews liberated from the concentration camps. At the end of April 1945 Pierre Gazagne, secretary of the general government headed by Yves Chataigneau, took advantage of his absence to exile anti-imperialist", "title": "Vichy France" }, { "id": "12489727", "text": "61 Years Ago.\" Following this, he and other citizens of Pacific Northwest tribes organized all the Tulalip agency reservations and several off-reservation communities into the Northwestern Federation of American Indians with the goal of redeeming promises made in treaties. Many Native Americans aided the United States in World War II. Veterans came back from serving, only to find that the US government and American people would not recognize their contributions to the war effort. This encouraged Natives to begin moving towards activism that was more focused on tribal sovereignty and self-determination. Advocacy groups, such as the National Congress of American", "title": "Native American civil rights" }, { "id": "1646421", "text": "be of any help in gaining India's independence, he left for Japan. He travelled with the German submarine U-180 around the Cape of Good Hope to the southeast of Madagascar, where he was transferred to the for the rest of the journey to Imperial Japan. This was the only civilian transfer between two submarines of two different navies in World War II. The Indian National Army (INA) was the brainchild of Japanese Major (and post-war Lieutenant-General) Iwaichi Fujiwara, head the Japanese intelligence unit Fujiwara Kikan and had its origins, first in the meetings between Fujiwara and the president of the", "title": "Subhas Chandra Bose" }, { "id": "1480166", "text": "the war, the G.A.R. became among the first organized advocacy groups in American politics, supporting voting rights for black veterans, promoting patriotic education, helping to make Memorial Day a national holiday, lobbying the United States Congress to establish regular veterans' pensions, and supporting Republican political candidates. Its peak membership, at more than 490,000, was in 1890, a high point of various Civil War commemorative and monument dedication ceremonies. It was succeeded by the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW), composed of male descendants of Union Army and Union Navy veterans. After the end of American Civil War,", "title": "Grand Army of the Republic" }, { "id": "1401048", "text": "Germany to seek Hitler and Mussolini's help for raising an army to fight the British. The Free India Legion comprising Erwin Rommel's Indian POWs was formed. However, in light of Germany's changing fortunes, a German land invasion of India became untenable and Hitler advised Bose to go to Japan and arranged for a submarine. Bose was ferried to Japanese Southeast Asia, where he formed the Azad Hind Government, a Provisional Free Indian Government in exile, and reorganised the Indian National Army composed of Indian POWs and volunteering Indian expatriates in South-East Asia, with the help of the Japanese. Its aim", "title": "Indian independence movement" }, { "id": "1482147", "text": "mass support against the Raj and possibly start an armed struggle with weapons smuggled from Burma. Nehru was suspected of using INA men to train Congress volunteers. The political effects of the INA trials were enormous and were felt around India as late as 1948, much to the chagrin of the Congress government in independent India, which feared that pro-INA sympathies could help alternative sources of power. Historians like Sumit Sarkar, Sugata Bose, Ayesha Jalal conclude that the INA trials and its after-effects brought a decisive shift in British policy towards independence Indian . Particularly disturbing was the overt and", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "7595984", "text": "Malaya, Japanese intelligence officer Major Iwaichi Fujiwara had formed links with Pritam Singh Dhillon of the Indian Independence League. Fujiwara and Dhillon convinced Major Mohan Singh to form the Indian National Army (INA) with disaffected Indian soldiers captured during the Malayan Campaign. Singh was on officer in 1 Battalion of the 14th Punjab Regiment and had been captured after the Battle of Jitra. As the Japanese campaign progressed more Indian troops were captured with significant numbers being convinced to join the new force under Singh. After the fall of Singapore the army came into being. By 1 September 1942 it", "title": "Japanese occupation of Malaya" }, { "id": "754155", "text": "its creation, the Smithsonian Institution had other entities dedicated to other minority groups: National Museum of the American Indian, Freer-Sackler Gallery for Asian Arts and Culture, African Art Museum, and the National Museum of African-American Heritage and Culture. The opening of the center was prompted, in part, by the publishing of a report called \"Willful Neglect: The Smithsonian and U.S. Latinos\". According to documents obtained by \"The Washington Post\", when former Latino Center executive director Pilar O'Leary first took the job, the center faced employees who had \"serious performance issues\". No performance plans existed for the staff and unfulfilled financial", "title": "Smithsonian Institution" }, { "id": "8878582", "text": "one or more of the following: ideas, skills, processes, knowledge or expertise, and technology; changes in policies or practices and sustainability of the transfer as part of a continuous process of learning and change. The DIABP was established under the directives of late Sheikh Maktoum Bin Rashid Al Maktoum – the former Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the emir of Dubai. The Award was established during the United Nations International Conference that convened in Dubai in 1995 to recognize the best practices with positive impact on improving the living environment. The Aga Khan", "title": "Aga Khan Planning and Building Services" }, { "id": "18769411", "text": "(BIA) be abolished\". On other questions, AIF members had diverse opinions, most notably on the issue of assimilation. AIF President Joseph Bruner, for example, argued for the complete integration of Indians into white society, while one of its strongest writers believed in Indian cultural separation and sovereignty. The group was officially founded in Gallup, New Mexico, on August 28, 1934, where organizers drafter a preamble, elected Joseph Bruner president, and passed a resolution calling for Collier's removal. The group also had conventions in Lewiston (Idaho), San Diego, Salt Lake City, and Tulsa. The AIF testified before United States Congressional committees", "title": "American Indian Federation" }, { "id": "4398358", "text": "resolution was adopted to invite Subhas Chandra Bose to join the League and take its command as its president. The Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the Malaya and Burma fronts were encouraged to join the Indian Independence League and become the soldiers of the Indian National Army (INA), formed on 1 September 1942 as the military wing of Bose's Indian National League. He selected the flag for the Azad Hind movement and handed over the flag to Subhas Chandra Bose. But although he handed over the power, his organizational structure remained, and it was on the", "title": "Rash Behari Bose" }, { "id": "20111825", "text": "no other form of punishment. He eventually pursued a career as a politician. After the capture of Mohan Singh, the Japanese forces enlisted the help of Subhas Chandra Bose to revive and lead the INA. Bose was already very well known amongst the Indian Diaspora communities for his efforts to fight for India's independence and his disagreements with Gandhi's ideologies about fighting for independence. As such, Bose was able to rally the INA forces together . He was also able to convince many of the Indian civilians to contribute to the cause of the INA. Bose also encouraged women to", "title": "Indian National Army in Singapore" }, { "id": "12918089", "text": "by more than 10 million people in museums in every state, as well as in Canada, Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The AFA was founded on May 12, 1909. At a meeting on May 11, 1909, convened by the National Academy of Art’s Board of Regents—among whom were President William Howard Taft, former president Theodore Roosevelt, Cecilia Beaux, Robert Woods Bliss, William Merritt Chase, Robert W. de Forest, Homer Saint-Gaudens, Charles L. Hutchinson, Archer M. Huntington, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Leila Mechlin, Andrew W. Mellon, J. Pierpont Morgan, Francis D. Millet, Secretary of State Elihu Root, and Henry Walters,", "title": "American Federation of Arts" }, { "id": "15532606", "text": "according to your possibilities. The financial support is used to finance the operation of the guild's offices. UNAPA has its roots on the small farmer union movements as part of the co-managerial experience acquired by the Association of Rural Workers (ATC) and gains legal recognition as a non-governmental organization in 1994. Its highest authority is the General Assembly, which is formed by 20000 associated workers and cooperatives members, directors, managers, technicians and professionals. Its executive body is the National Board and the Central Office. Individual producers that are not part of a cooperative are clustered by category in the territories.", "title": "UNAPA" }, { "id": "183736", "text": "the Middle East against the Vichy French, in the South Asian region defending India against the Japanese and fighting the Japanese in Burma. Indians also aided in liberating British colonies such as Singapore and Hong Kong after the Japanese surrender in August 1945. Over 87,000 Indian soldiers (including those from modern day Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh) died in World War II. The Indian National Congress, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Maulana Azad, denounced Nazi Germany but would not fight it or anyone else until India was independent. Congress launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942,", "title": "History of India" }, { "id": "1482142", "text": "He also writes that the INA was aware of this and formulated its own strategy of avoiding set-piece battles, gathering local and popular support within India and instigating revolt within the British-Indian Army to overthrow the Raj. Moreover, the Forward Bloc underground movement within India had been crushed well before the offensives opened in the Burma–Manipur theatre, depriving the army of any organised internal support. However, despite its small numerical strength and lack of heavy weapons, its special services group played a significant part in halting the First Arakan Offensive while still under Mohan Singh's command. The propaganda threat of", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "5818659", "text": "Labor emerged as a major force in the late 1880s, but it collapsed because of poor organization, lack of effective leadership, disagreement over goals, and strong opposition from employers and government forces. The American Federation of Labor, founded in 1886 and led by Samuel Gompers until his death in 1924, proved much more durable. It arose as a loose coalition of various local unions. It helped coordinate and support strikes and eventually became a major player in national politics, usually on the side of the Democrats. American labor unions benefited greatly from the New Deal policies of Franklin Delano Roosevelt", "title": "Labor unions in the United States" }, { "id": "10557998", "text": "led some of the troops deserting, when offered release by their captors, and forming a nationalist army. From these deserters, the First Indian National Army was formed under Mohan Singh Deb and received considerable Japanese aid and support. It was formally proclaimed in September 1942 and declared the subordinate military wing of the Indian Independence League in June that year. The unit was dissolved in December 1942 after apprehensions of Japanese motives with regards to the INA led to disagreements and distrust between Mohan Singh and INA leadership on one hand, and the League's leadership, most notable Rash Behari Bose.", "title": "Indian National Army trials" }, { "id": "5100654", "text": "from Britain. For manpower, it relied on the approximately 45,000 Indian troops of the Indian Army whom the Japanese captured when Singapore fell in February 1942. Subhas Chandra Bose was parachuted in to lead the INA in 1943, and he greatly expanded the INA to include the mainly Tamil civilian Indian community in Malaya. He also negotiated a combat role for the INA from the reluctant Japanese, who were more inclined to use it intelligence and propaganda work. In 1944, INA units participated in the Japanese Army`s offensives against British positions in the Arakan and the Imphal Plain. Not being", "title": "Military history of India" }, { "id": "1288328", "text": "claim boosts academic freedom and independence. UNAM was the birthplace of the student movement of 1968, which turned into a nationwide rebellion against autocratic rule and began Mexico's three-decade journey toward democracy. The university was founded on 22 September 1910 by Justo Sierra, then Minister of Education in the Porfirio Díaz regime, who sought to create a very different institution from its 19th-century precursor, the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, which had been founded on 21 September 1551 by a royal decree signed by Crown Prince Phillip on behalf of Charles I of Spain and brought to a definitive", "title": "National Autonomous University of Mexico" }, { "id": "435916", "text": "negotiator, René Cassin (1968), a contributor to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the US Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1945), the latter for his role in the organization's founding. Lester B. Pearson, the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs, was awarded the prize in 1957 for his role in organizing the UN's first peacekeeping force to resolve the Suez Crisis. UNICEF won the prize in 1965, the International Labour Organization in 1969, the UN Peace-Keeping Forces in 1988, the International Atomic Energy Agency (which reports to the UN) in 2005, and the UN-supported Organisation for the Prohibition", "title": "United Nations" }, { "id": "20111826", "text": "partake in activities of the INA, setting up the first women's unit, the Rani of Jhansi Regiment in October 1943. Bose was also more successful in negotiations with the Japanese to provide support for the Indian troops. This was largely because Bose was more successful than Singh in the military operations that he organized. The success of the troops also forced the Japanese to take the INA more seriously. However towards the end of the Japanese occupation, even Bose could not salvage the falling morale in the INA despite his best efforts. In the midst of quelling various mutinies that", "title": "Indian National Army in Singapore" }, { "id": "18769413", "text": "Morgan, a missionary for the Christian Reformed Church. In its early years, several members of Congress critical of the BIA encouraged the AIF, including Representatives Alfred Beiter, Virginia Jenckes, Usher L. Burdick, and John S. McGroarty, and Senator Burton K. Wheeler. The AIF received national attention quickly because of its red-baiting accusations against the BIA and the Department of the Interior, accusing commissioner John Collier and his supporters of being atheist, communist, and supported by the ACLU. Some AIF members also made public anti-black and anti-Semitic comments, and other groups such as the Daughters of the American Revolution and the", "title": "American Indian Federation" }, { "id": "795395", "text": "Saddam's removal in May 1991. Coordinating anti-Saddam groups was an important element of this strategy. The name INC was reportedly coined by public relations expert John Rendon (of the Rendon Group agency) and the group was funded by the United States. The group received millions in covert funding in the 1990s, and then about $8 million a year in overt funding after the passage of the Iraq Liberation Act in 1998. The deep involvement of the American CIA in the creation and early funding of the INC in its early years led many to consider the group a \"creation of", "title": "Iraqi National Congress" }, { "id": "12042628", "text": "the war, especially within India, based on the motivations of the troops who formed the INA, where a predominant view was held, and still holds, of the INA as patriots and revolutionaries. Outside India it is not widely known, and the accounts and views on the INA, especially among the Allied servicemen who served in Burma, are diametrically opposite. However, almost no account of the Indian independence movement ignores the INA. Other controversies have risen on the contributions of the INA to India's independence, the treatment of INA troops in Independent India, as well as the conditions of expatriate Indians", "title": "Controversies surrounding the Indian National Army" }, { "id": "2028915", "text": "was formed in November 1921, and focused on educating the masses of Telangana in political awareness. With leading members such as Madapati Hanumantha Rao, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao and M. Narsing Rao, its activities included urging merchants to resist offering freebies to government officials and encouraging labourers to resist the system of \"begar\" (free labour requested at the behest of state). Alarmed by its activities, the Nizam passed a powerful gagging order in 1929, requiring all public meetings to obtain prior permission. But the organisation persisted by mobilising on social issues such as the protection of \"ryots\", women's rights, abolition of", "title": "Hyderabad State" }, { "id": "20602750", "text": "support for independence for India, a proposition Churchill vehemently rejected. For years Roosevelt had encouraged Britain's disengagement from India. The American position was based on principled opposition to colonialism. The politically active Indian population was deeply divided. One element was so insistent on the expulsion of the British, that it sided with Germany and Japan, and formed the Indian National Army (INA) from Indian prisoners of war. It fought as part of the Japanese invasion of Burma and eastern India. There was a large pacifist element, which rallied to Gandhi's call for abstention from the war; he said that violence", "title": "United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II" }, { "id": "8028018", "text": "Nyasaland African Congress The Nyasaland African Congress (NAC) was an organisation that evolved into a political party in Nyasaland during the colonial period. The NAC was suppressed in 1959, but was succeeded in 1960 by the Malawi Congress Party, which went to on decisively win the first universal suffrage elections in 1961, and to lead the country to independence as Malawi in 1964. The North Nyasa Native Association when it was formed in 1912, the first of several such associations of educated \"natives\". Levi Zililo Mumba was elected secretary. Mumba was the architect of many of these associations, which had", "title": "Nyasaland African Congress" }, { "id": "9091925", "text": "on July 8, 1945. The monument was then erected within a month by the Japanese on August 1945, a few months before Singapore was recaptured by the British. The construction of the monument was proposed by Bose, the co-founder of the INA and Head of State of the Provisional Government of Free India. The INA was backed by the Japanese forces for its goal of gaining India's independence from Britain. Soon after the Japanese retreat from Singapore in 15 August 1945 and the subsequent surrender of the remaining divisions of the Indian National Army to the advancing British, the British", "title": "Former Indian National Army Monument" }, { "id": "8471418", "text": "industrialists in 1954. To realize this idea the government of Punjab joined with textile industrialists to form the Institute of Textile Technology in Faisalabad (then Lyallpur) and provided 62 acres of state owned land free of cost. Kohinoor Industries, Colony Textile Mills, Dawood Foundation and Lyallpur Cotton Mills provided funds to the tune of Rs. 2.5 millions, which were used for the construction of building and provision of other infrastructure. The government of the UK provided the bulk of equipment and machinery, along with the services of experts under the Colombo Plan. Field Marshall Muhammad Ayub Khan, the then president", "title": "National Textile University" }, { "id": "5500104", "text": "economists, military analysts and think tanks expect India to become a superpower in the near future. Independent India's first years were marked with turbulent events – a massive exchange of population with Pakistan, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 and the integration of over 500 princely states to form a united nation. Credit for the political integration of India is largely attributed to Vallabhbhai Patel (deputy Prime Minister of India at the time), who post-independence and before the death of Mahatma Gandhi teamed up with Jawaharlal Nehru and the Mahatma to ensure that the constitution of independent India would be secular.", "title": "History of the Republic of India" }, { "id": "3411748", "text": "greater role in organising and mobilising the economy for war time production. After the onset of the war, only a group led by Subhas Chandra Bose took any decisive action. Bose organised the \"Indian Legion\" in Germany, reorganised the Indian National Army with Japanese assistance, and soliciting help from the Axis Powers, conducted a guerrilla war against the British authorities. In March 1942, faced with an increasingly dissatisfied sub-continent only reluctantly participating in the war and deterioration in the war situation in Europe and with growing dissatisfaction among Indian troops—especially in Africa—and among the civilian population in the sub-continent, the", "title": "Quit India Movement" }, { "id": "19217144", "text": "the organization is to alleviate suffering of veterans or active duty personnel by providing needed services with the help of fraternal comradeship. The basis of the organization came in 1841. The organization transmuted further from other war fighting groups like The General Society of the War of 1812, The Grand Army of the Republic and The Order of Indian Wars. All these had the same general philosophy, so had a common ground. By 1886, it was realized that these organizations would naturally become extinct due to deaths of the veterans if something wasn’t done to give them new life. The", "title": "Army and Navy Union of the United States of America" }, { "id": "1482134", "text": "involved in founding the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) in 1946; John Thivy was the founding president. Janaky Athi Nahappan, second-in-command of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, was also a founding member of the MIC and later became a noted welfare activist and a distinguished senator in the Dewan Negara of the Malaysian Parliament. Rasammah Bhupalan, also of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, later became a well-known welfare-activist and a widely respected champion for women's rights in Malaysia. Some officers in the INA distrusted the Japanese. Leaders of the first INA sought formal assurances from Japan before committing to war. When", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "1482160", "text": "Gupta in 1950s at the request of the Indian Government, was subsequently classified and not released until 2006. Further criticisms have been made in recent years over the denial till 1980s of the \"freedom fighter's pension\" awarded to those in the Gandhian movement, and over the general hardships and apathy surrounding the conditions of former INA soldiers. This includes, for example, the circumstances surrounding the death and funeral of Ram Singh Thakuri, the composer of the INA's anthem \"Quami tarana\"\", kadam kadam badaye ja\". These have been compounded by a number of conspiracy-theories and news reports in the past on", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "1482125", "text": "aligned together; the Congress tricolour and the green flag of the League were flown together at protests. The Congress quickly came forward to defend soldiers of the INA who were to be court-martialled. The INA Defence Committee was formed by the Indian Congress and included prominent Indian legal figures, among whom were Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai, Kailashnath Katju and Asaf Ali. The trials covered arguments based on military law, constitutional law, international law, and politics. Much of the initial defence was based on the argument that they should be treated as prisoners of war as they were not paid mercenaries", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "712656", "text": "Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, became the NCAA's first non-US member institution. In 2014, the NCAA set a record high of a $989 Million in net revenue. Being just shy of $1 Billion is among the highest of all large sports organizations. The modern era of the NCAA began in July 1955 when its executive director, Kansas City, Missouri native Walter Byers, moved the organization's headquarters from the LaSalle Hotel in Chicago (where its offices were shared by the headquarters of the Big Ten Conference) to the Fairmount Building at 101 West 11th Street in Downtown Kansas City. The", "title": "National Collegiate Athletic Association" }, { "id": "20111800", "text": "Royal Indian Navy and Royal Indian Air Force. Similarly, political parties such as the Indian National Congress have been said to have appropriated the legacy of the INA in order to gain political favour with the general population. There were a number of Independence movements occurring in India during the 1920s and 1930s which played a huge role in shaping the ideology behind the formation of the INA. One of the more significant independent movements which brought together hundreds of thousands of Indians was Mohandas Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement between 1920 and 1922 which aimed to reject British rule through non-violent", "title": "Indian National Army in Singapore" }, { "id": "4255688", "text": "became the first general secretary of the organization. There has been much speculation about foreign involvement in facilitating the creation of the AFDL. Most of it swirls around Rwandan President Paul Kagame and Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni, both of whom knew Kabila very well. (Kabila had been introduced to Kagame and Museveni by Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, president of Tanzania). After an initial period of denial, since 1997 both Rwanda and Uganda have openly acknowledged the role they played in the formation of the AFDL and its military success. Rwanda and Uganda quickly threw the weight of their support behind the", "title": "Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo" }, { "id": "3417673", "text": "in 1942 and 1943, Bose and the Legion's officers were transported by U boat to Japanese territory to continue his plans. Upon arrival, Japan helped him set up the Indian National Army (INA) which fought under Japanese direction, mostly in Burma Campaign. Bose also headed the Provisional Government of Free India, a government-in-exile based in Singapore. It controlled no Indian territory and was used only to raise troops for Japan. In 1939 the British Indian Army numbered 205,000 men. It took in volunteers and by 1945 was the largest all-volunteer force in history, rising to over 2.5 million men. These", "title": "India in World War II" }, { "id": "540304", "text": "to the Generalissimo, and were subsequently ordered to resist Communist attempts to fill the vacuum left by the Japanese surrender. Chen Gongbo was tried and executed in 1946. The \"Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind\", the Provisional Government of Free India was a state that was recognized by nine Axis governments. It was led by Subhas Chandra Bose, an Indian nationalist who rejected Mohandas K. Gandhi's nonviolent methods for achieving independence. The First INA faltered after its leadership objected to being a propaganda tool for Japanese war aims, and the role of I Kikan. It was revived by the Indian Independence League with", "title": "Axis powers" }, { "id": "1400994", "text": "Swami Dayanand Saraswati) and \"Brahmo Samaj\" (founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and others) became evident in pioneering reforms of Indian society. The work of men like Swami Vivekananda, Ramakrishna, Sri Aurobindo, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai, Subramanya Bharathy, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Rabindranath Tagore and Dadabhai Naoroji, as well as women such as the Scots–Irish Sister Nivedita, spread the passion for rejuvenation and freedom. The rediscovery of India's indigenous history by several European and Indian scholars also fed into the rise of nationalism among Indians. By 1900, although the Congress had emerged as an all-India political organisation,", "title": "Indian independence movement" }, { "id": "1480167", "text": "various state and local organizations were formed for veterans to network and maintain connections with each other. Many of the veterans used their shared experiences as a basis for fellowship. Groups of men began joining together, first for camaraderie and later for political power. Emerging as most influential among the various organizations during the first post-war years was the Grand Army of the Republic, founded on April 6, 1866, on the principles of \"Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty,\" in Decatur, Illinois, by Dr. Benjamin F. Stephenson. The GAR initially grew and prospered as a \"de facto\" political arm of the Republican", "title": "Grand Army of the Republic" }, { "id": "10411613", "text": "CIS member state could join the Central Asian Union. The Union was also given a military dimension. Still in civil war, Tajikistan joined the CAU as an observer in 1996. A Council of Defence Ministers was formed, and, under the aegis of the United Nations, a peacekeeping force was formed, which held its first training exercises on the territory of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in September 1997. A new Central Asian Union was proposed by Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev on April 26, 2007, in order to create an economic and political union similar to that of the EU encompassing the five", "title": "Central Asian Union" }, { "id": "10558005", "text": "troops after the war. The committee declared the formation of the Congress' defence team for the INA and included famous lawyers of the time, including Bhulabhai Desai, Asaf Ali, Jawaharlal Nehru, Tej Bahadur Sapru, Kailash Nath Katju. The first trial, that of Shah Nawaz Khan, Gurubaksh Singh Dhillon and Prem Sahgal was held between November and December 1945 against the backdrop of general elections in India with the Attorney General of India, Noshirwan P. Engineer as the chief prosecutor and two dozen counsel for the defense, led by Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru. All three of the accused were charged with", "title": "Indian National Army trials" }, { "id": "795595", "text": "poor relations with the Islamic Republic. The INA was thus set up to be an alternative, largely funded by money from Saudi Arabia; with extra support coming from the UK and the United States. INA membership consisted largely of military and security personnel who had defected from the Iraqi army under Saddam Hussein's rule. The INA organised attacks in Iraq between 1992 and 1995 to demonstrate its capacities as a militant group, but these had little effect on the government. In August 1995, Saddam's son-in-law, Hussein Kamel al-Majid authorized the INA to operate from Jordan after he too defected. Unlike", "title": "Iraqi National Accord" }, { "id": "7706608", "text": "to contribute to numerous UNESCO projects, particularly in the area of welfare for women and children, for example UNESCO's \"Passport for Equality\" project. Amongst others, she accepted the patronage of the Innocence in Danger Gala event for 2003 in Berlin in order to help victims of child sexual abuse. Together with her mother and stepfather, Ernst-Theodor Henne, Gabriele founded in 2003 the German aid organization \"SOS Projects for People and Animals\" to help mentally-ill, handicapped and traumatized children with the support of animals, particularly dogs, to bring fun and joy into the children’s lives, and to overcome their pain and", "title": "Inaara Aga Khan" }, { "id": "18746087", "text": "was trained by the U.S., had a strong professional relationship with the US Military, had a pro-American officer corps, which had strong support for the government, and a strong belief in civilian control of the military, instilled partly by its close association with the US Military. Demonstrating an intolerance for dissent, the CIA instigated the transfer of the well respected Ambassador Allison, who had a strong background in Asia, to Czechoslovakia. On September 25, 1957, Eisenhower ordered the CIA to start a revolution in Indonesia with the goal of regime change. Three days later, Blitz, a Soviet controlled weekly in", "title": "History of the Central Intelligence Agency" }, { "id": "11675917", "text": "opportunity to veto Mutaguchi's plan, or to control the operation once it had started. The Japanese were influenced to an unknown degree by Subhas Chandra Bose, commander of the Indian National Army. This was composed largely of Indian soldiers who had been captured in Malaya or Singapore, and some Tamil labourers living in Malaya. At Bose's instigation, a substantial contingent of the INA joined in this Chalo Delhi (\"March on Delhi\"). Both Bose and Mutaguchi emphasised the advantages which would be gained by a successful attack into India. With misgivings on the part of several of Mutaguchi's superiors and subordinates,", "title": "Burma Campaign 1944" }, { "id": "15319709", "text": "seduce him, and Anitha is an illegitimate child that her mother never wanted. On a rainy day they take shelter in a train wagon, which starts moving before they could get out and stops next in a forest area a long way away from home. There, they find a couple of recluses – a widow and an ex-army officer – living their own lives and willing to accept them. As they were in early puberty they live like normal children. But as puberty stage starts, both experiences lust over each other. The widow accepts them as foster children and perform", "title": "Ina (film)" }, { "id": "5221013", "text": "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Present-day ISNA was founded in 1982 through a joint effort of four organizations: The Muslim Students Association of the US and Canada (The MSA), Islamic Medical Association (IMA), the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS), and the Association of Muslim Scientists and Engineers (AMSE) - to create a community-oriented organization due to the changing nature of the growing Muslim community. Many of the leaders of these four founding organizations took leadership roles in the newly formed ISNA. In 1983, ISNA completed a $21 million ($ today) headquarters complex in suburban Indianapolis using funds raised in", "title": "Islamic Society of North America" }, { "id": "4067421", "text": "formed. The date each founding member state deposited their ratification of the UN Charter is as follows: The first meeting of the General Assembly was held in Westminster Central Hall, London, on 10 January 1946. The Security Council met for the first time a week later in Church House, Westminster. The League of Nations formally dissolved itself on 18 April 1946 and transferred its mission to the United Nations. The United Nations has achieved considerable prominence in the social arena, fostering human rights, economic development, decolonization, health and education, for example, and interesting itself in refugees and trade. The leaders", "title": "History of the United Nations" }, { "id": "18746045", "text": "History of the Central Intelligence Agency The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was created on July 26, when Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 into law. A major impetus that has been cited over the years for the creation of the CIA was the unforeseen attack on Pearl Harbor, but whatever Pearl Harbor's role, in the twilight of World War II it was considered clear in government circles that there was a need for a group to coordinate government intelligence efforts, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the State Department, and the War Department,", "title": "History of the Central Intelligence Agency" }, { "id": "8735655", "text": "and prestige. Between 1940 and 1954 membership surged from 60,000 to 240,000 with veterans entering the skilled craftsmen field. United Association member George Meany was elected in 1952 to be president of the newly formed AFL-CIO and was to provide a shaping force in the American labor movement until his death in 1980. The New Frontier of President John F. Kennedy and Great Society of President Lyndon Johnson were movements supported by the United Association. With expanded training programs beginning in 1956, the UA was able to meet the demands of accelerated construction activity in the 1960s. With the increased", "title": "United Association" }, { "id": "1640316", "text": "colonial authorities. A growing educated African elite became increasingly vocal and politically active from the 1930s, first through associations, and after 1944, through the Nyasaland African Congress (NAC). There was a marked increase in civil agitation when Nyasaland was forced into a Federation with Southern and Northern Rhodesia in 1953. The failure of the NAC to prevent this caused its collapse. It was revived not long afterwards by a younger and more militant generation which, ultimately, invited Hastings Banda to return to the country and lead it to independence. The 1911 census was the first after the protectorate was renamed", "title": "Nyasaland" }, { "id": "1482106", "text": "moved to Rangoon in anticipation of success. The INA's own strategy was to avoid set-piece battles, for which it lacked armament as well as manpower. Initially it sought to obtain arms and increase its ranks by inducing British-Indian soldiers to defect. The latter were expected to defect in large numbers. Col Prem Sahgal, once military secretary to Subhas Bose and later tried in the first Red Fort trials, explained the INA strategy to Peter Fay – although the war itself hung in balance and nobody was sure if the Japanese would win, initiating a popular revolution with grass-roots support within", "title": "Indian National Army" }, { "id": "19888991", "text": "inspired by the sacrifices and challenges being endured by the leaders of the independence struggle and decided to participate. She started involving herself in the activities of the movement and gradually devoted all her time for it. Her efforts towards fundraising was a major factor that helped Congress gain momentum in north-eastern part of India. Encouragement and co-operation from leaders like Purna Chandra Sharma, Mahidhar Bora, Haladhar Bhuyan, & Devakanta Baruah helped her turn into a strong freedom fighter. During this time, she also met Chandraprava Saikiani, a great writer, social reformer and freedom fighter from Assam. Kiran established a", "title": "Kiran Bala Bora" }, { "id": "18545799", "text": "The report highlighted numerous deficiencies in tribal governing documents and tribal court systems and recommendations for eliminating those deficiencies. The American Indian Movement (AIM) was founded in 1968 by a group of Anishinaabe that included Dennis Banks, Mary Jane Wilson, George Mitchell, and Pat Ballanger. In 1969, while visiting the Occupation of Alcatraz, Banks, recruited John Trudell (Santee Sioux), who became AIM's primary spokesperson for the next decade and Russell Means (Oglala Lakota), who became AIM's primary strategist. As many as a dozen chapters sprang up in Oklahoma in the 1970s, led by Carter Camp (Ponca). The goals of the", "title": "Viola Hatch" }, { "id": "10827768", "text": "higher priority among Japanese forces for \"materiel\". and did not use his expertise to encourage the \"true Indian army\" that Fujiwara had envisioned. By some accounts he only engaged in as much development of the INA as would keep Mohan Singh happy. Within the league, members of the original Indian delegation to the Tokyo conference held reservations about serving Rash Behari, and of ultimate Japanese intentions with regards to independent India. Rash Behari had lived in Japan for a considerable length of time, married a Japanese woman, and his son had enlisted in the Imperial army. Among the thirty-four points", "title": "First Indian National Army" } ]

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[ { "id": "1902422", "text": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in Northern California on October 17 at local time (1989-10-18 00:04 UTC). The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park approximately northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. With a moment magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"), the shock was responsible for 63 deaths and 3,757 injuries. The Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System had been relatively inactive", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "6820533", "text": "world center of the computer industry. San Jose has continued since then to grow in population since it is surrounded by large tracts of developable land. Thus, San Francisco is now the second largest city in population in the San Francisco Bay Area after San Jose. On October 17, 1989, an earthquake measuring 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale struck on the San Andreas Fault near Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz mountains, approximately 70 miles (113 km) south of San Francisco, a few minutes before Game 3 of the 1989 World Series was scheduled to begin at Candlestick", "title": "History of San Francisco" }, { "id": "2053728", "text": "lifetime banishment from baseball; however, Rose's banishment began while Giamatti was commissioner, not Vincent (although Vincent led the investigation and was involved in the negotiations). Vincent has publicly said he does not support Rose's reinstatement. On October 17, 1989, Vincent sat in a field box behind the left dugout at San Francisco's Candlestick Park. At 5:04 p.m., just prior to Game 3 of the World Series between the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics, the 6.9 Mw Loma Prieta earthquake hit with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). At approximately 5:35 p.m., after coming to the conclusion that the", "title": "Commissioner of Baseball" }, { "id": "3628149", "text": "Supervisor Harvey Milk were assassinated at City Hall in 1978, by former Supervisor Dan White. The Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 damaged the structure, and twisted the dome four inches (102 mm) on its base. Afterward, under the leadership of the San Francisco Bureau of Architecture in collaboration with Carey & Co. preservation architects, and Forell/Elsesser Engineers, work was completed to render the building earthquake resistant through a base isolation system, which would likely prevent total collapse of the building. City Hall reopened after its seismic upgrade in January 1999, and was the world's largest base-isolated structure at that time.", "title": "San Francisco City Hall" }, { "id": "1486159", "text": "2011 Divisional Playoffs, when Alex Smith threw a touchdown pass to Vernon Davis with nine seconds remaining to provide the winning margin against the New Orleans Saints. On October 17, 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake (measuring 7.1 on the Richter Scale) struck San Francisco, minutes before Game 3 of the World Series was to begin at Candlestick. No one within the stadium was injured, although minor structural damage was incurred to the stadium. Al Michaels and Tim McCarver, who called the game for ABC, later credited the stadium's design for saving thousands of lives. An ESPN documentary about the earthquake", "title": "Candlestick Park" }, { "id": "12654376", "text": "2016), who died 11 days shy of his 110th birthday, was thought to be the last survivor. In 2005 the National Film Registry added \"San Francisco Earthquake and Fire, April 18, 1906\", a newsreel documentary made soon after the earthquake, to its list of American films worthy of preservation. 1906 San Francisco earthquake The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (\"Extreme\"). High intensity shaking was felt from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas", "title": "1906 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "1902463", "text": "so officials could conduct visual inspection and damage assessment procedures. San Jose International Airport, Oakland International Airport and San Francisco International Airport all opened the next morning. Large cracks in Oakland's runway and taxiway reduced the usable length to two-thirds normal, and damage to the dike required quick remediation to avoid flooding the runway with water from the bay. Oakland Airport repair costs were assessed at $30 million. San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) lost all power to electric transit systems when the quake hit, but otherwise suffered little damage and no injuries to operators or riders. Cable cars and electric", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "1902449", "text": "12,000 customers had their power restored within two days. The quake caused an estimated $6 billion in property damage, becoming one of the most expensive natural disasters in U.S. history at the time. Private donations poured into aid relief efforts and on October 26, President George H. W. Bush signed a $1.1 billion earthquake relief package for California. Four people died in San Francisco's Marina District, four buildings were destroyed by fire, and seven buildings collapsed. Another 63 damaged structures were judged too dangerous to live in. Among the four deaths, one family lost their infant son who choked on", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "606078", "text": "in 1969 and the Transamerica Pyramid was completed in 1972, igniting a wave of \"Manhattanization\" that lasted until the late 1980s, a period of extensive high-rise development downtown. The 1980s also saw a dramatic increase in the number of homeless people in the city, an issue that remains today, despite many attempts to address it. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused destruction and loss of life throughout the Bay Area. In San Francisco, the quake severely damaged structures in the Marina and South of Market districts and precipitated the demolition of the damaged Embarcadero Freeway and much of the damaged", "title": "San Francisco" }, { "id": "1902426", "text": "is the most studied fault on Earth. Andrew Lawson, a geologist from the University of California, Berkeley, had named the fault after the San Andreas Lake (prior to the occurrence of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake) and later led an investigation into that event. The San Andreas Fault ruptured for a length of during the 1906 shock, both to the north of San Francisco and to the south in the Santa Cruz Mountains region. Several long term forecasts for a large shock along the San Andreas Fault in that area had been made public prior to 1989 (the event and", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "4169654", "text": "lead in the Series. The Loma Prieta earthquake struck on October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. Game 3 was scheduled to start at 5:35 p.m. at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, and thousands of people were already in the stadium when the quake occurred. Because of the coincidence of timing, it was the first major earthquake in the United States ever to be broadcast by live television. Experts credit the timing of the Series as a lucky break that prevented massive loss of life in the region; key in reducing the loss of life was the fact that many people", "title": "1989 World Series" }, { "id": "1902448", "text": "electrical substations. Many San Francisco radio and television stations were temporarily knocked off the air. KRON-TV was off the air for about half an hour, while KGO-AM was off the air for about 40 minutes. About an hour and 40 minutes after the quake, KTVU resumed broadcasting, with their news anchors reporting from the station's parking lot. KCBS-AM switched immediately to backup power and managed to stay on air despite a subsequent generator failure. KCBS later won a Peabody Award for their news coverage, as did KGO-TV. Power was restored to most of San Francisco by midnight, and all but", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "12654332", "text": "1906 San Francisco earthquake The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (\"Extreme\"). High intensity shaking was felt from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley, an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area. Devastating fires soon broke out in the city and lasted for several days. Thousands of homes were dismantled. As a result, up to 3,000 people died and over 80% of the city of San Francisco was", "title": "1906 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "18600084", "text": "1991 Sierra Madre earthquake The 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake occurred on June 28 at with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). The thrust earthquake resulted in two deaths, around 100 injuries, and damage estimated at $33.5–40 million. The event occurred beneath the San Gabriel Mountains on the Clamshell–Sawpit Fault, which is a part of the Sierra Madre–Cucamonga Fault System. Instruments captured the event at a number of strong motion stations in Southern California. Due to its history of generating great earthquakes (1857, 1906) the focal point of earthquake hazard assessment in California", "title": "1991 Sierra Madre earthquake" }, { "id": "2049304", "text": "during CBS' coverage of Game 4 of the 1991 World Series) that if he had the chance, he would get rid of the designated hitter rule. In the 2004 made-for-television movie about the Pete Rose affair, \"Hustle\", Vincent was portrayed by actor Alan Jordan. On October 17, 1989, Vincent sat in a field box behind the left dugout at San Francisco's Candlestick Park. At 5:04 p.m., just prior to Game 3 of the World Series between the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics, the 6.9 Mw Loma Prieta earthquake hit with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). At approximately", "title": "Fay Vincent" }, { "id": "1902472", "text": "3 was held in San Francisco on October 27 and Game 4 the following afternoon as the A's swept the Giants, four games to none. It is likely that the World Series game saved many lives, as Bay Area residents who would have normally been on the freeways were at home ready to watch the game when the earthquake hit. It is a rough estimate that thousands of people may have otherwise been on the Cypress Structure during the 5:00 p.m. rush-hour, as the structure was said to have carried 195,000 vehicles a day. Sources 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake The", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "742229", "text": "better understand fault behavior . The northern segment of the fault runs from Hollister, through the Santa Cruz Mountains, epicenter of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, then up the San Francisco Peninsula, where it was first identified by Professor Lawson in 1895, then offshore at Daly City near Mussel Rock. This is the approximate location of the epicenter of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The fault returns onshore at Bolinas Lagoon just north of Stinson Beach in Marin County. It returns underwater through the linear trough of Tomales Bay which separates the Point Reyes Peninsula from the mainland, runs just", "title": "San Andreas Fault" }, { "id": "11314088", "text": "an overview of the region using wireframe computer animation, and including footage of Hawaiian lava flows as an illustration of how early Earth might have looked. Footage of a new volcano in Chile is also shown. 2. \"The San Francisco Quake of '89\": looks at the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in San Francisco, California and its aftermath, including IMAX footage of the rescheduled game of the 1989 World Series, ten days after the quake. 3. \"Mount Saint Helens\": includes IMAX footage from about 10 years after the 1980 eruption, and the famous time sequence of the eruption taken at the", "title": "Ring of Fire (1991 film)" }, { "id": "4169646", "text": "York City (the 1906 and 1944 World Series, which featured matchups between Chicago and St. Louis teams, were the others). On October 17, just minutes before the scheduled start of Game 3, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck the Bay Area causing significant damage to both Oakland and San Francisco. Candlestick Park in San Francisco suffered damage to its upper deck as pieces of concrete fell from the baffle at the top of the stadium and the power was knocked out. The game was postponed out of concerns for the safety of everyone in the ballpark as well as the loss", "title": "1989 World Series" }, { "id": "1902435", "text": "was much less intense, and at locations with unconsolidated soil (like the Marina District or the Cypress Street Viaduct) the intensity of the shaking was more severe and lasted longer. The strong motion records also allowed for the causative fault to be determined – the rupture was related to the San Andreas Fault System. While a Mercalli Intensity of VIII (\"Severe\") covered a large swath of territory relatively close to the epicenter (including the cities of Los Gatos, Santa Cruz, and Watsonville) further to the north, portions of San Francisco were assessed at intensity IX (\"Violent\"). At more than distant,", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "12654373", "text": "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program issued a series of Internet documents, and the tourism industry promoted the 100th anniversary as well. Eleven survivors of the 1906 earthquake attended the centennial commemorations in 2006, including Irma Mae Weule (May 11, 1899 – August 8, 2008), who was the oldest survivor of the quake at the time of her death in August 2008, aged 109. Vivian Illing (December 25, 1900 – January 22, 2009) was believed to be the second-oldest survivor at the time of her death, aged 108, leaving Herbert Hamrol (January 10, 1903 – February 4, 2009) as the last known", "title": "1906 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "12046291", "text": "the \"Alemany Gap\", a wide gorge ocean winds come through in lieu of major topographical obstacles). A foghorn was eventually situated and sounded inside the stadium between innings, adding to Candlestick's already notorious meteorological reputation. Winds would whirl around in the parking lot at other times while it would be calm inside the stadium. Even with its cold, windy and foggy reputation, it stood its ground when the ground below it shook violently just before the scheduled start of Game 3 of the 1989 World Series. At 5:04 pm, the Loma Prieta earthquake shook the San Francisco Bay Area during", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "9294380", "text": "Ed Hale, Including a Secret Life with the CIA\". Cowherd has also written for \"Men's Health\", \"Parenting\" and \"Baseball Digest\" magazines and is the author of a collection of Baltimore Sun columns, \"Last Call at the 7-Eleven\", published in 1995 by Bancroft Press. Cowherd, then a Baltimore Sun sports columnist, was also given tongue-in-cheek credit for correctly \"predicting\" the Loma Prieta earthquake. On Tuesday October 17, 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in the greater San Francisco Bay Area in California, interrupting preparations for Game 3 of the 1989 World Series between the Bay Area's two Major League Baseball teams,", "title": "Kevin Cowherd" }, { "id": "1902423", "text": "since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (to the degree that it was designated a seismic gap) until two moderate foreshocks occurred in June 1988 and again in August 1989. Damage was heavy in Santa Cruz County and less so to the south in Monterey County, but effects extended well to the north into the San Francisco Bay Area, both on the San Francisco Peninsula and across the bay in Oakland. No surface faulting occurred, though a large number of other ground failures and landslides were present, especially in the Summit area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Liquefaction was also a", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "1427920", "text": "Villareal's patterns and transitions will be sequenced and their duration determined by computerized random number generator to make each viewing experience unique. Owing to the efficiency of the LED system employed, the estimated operating cost is only US$15.00 per night. During the evening of October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake, which measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale, a section of the upper deck of the eastern truss portion of the bridge at Pier E9 collapsed onto the deck below, indirectly causing one death. The bridge was closed for just over a month as construction crews repaired the section. It", "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge" }, { "id": "6820511", "text": "bankrupt.\" On April 18, 1906, a devastating earthquake resulted from the rupture of over 270 miles of the San Andreas Fault, from San Juan Bautista to Eureka, centered immediately offshore of San Francisco. The quake is estimated by the USGS to have had a magnitude of 7.8 on the Richter scale. Water mains ruptured throughout San Francisco, and the fires that followed burned out of control for days, destroying approximately 80% of the city, including almost all of the downtown core. Many residents were trapped between the water on three sides and the approaching fire, and a mass evacuation across", "title": "History of San Francisco" }, { "id": "1902461", "text": "Pipe drove heavy lift equipment to the scene and started using it to raise sections of fallen freeway enough to allow further rescue. Local workers continued their volunteer operation nonstop until October 21, 1989, when they were forced to pause as U.S. President George H. W. Bush and California Governor George Deukmejian viewed the damage. On October 21, survivor Buck Helm was freed from the wreckage, having spent 90 hours trapped in his car. Dubbed \"Lucky Buck\" by the local radio, Helm lived for another 29 days on life support, but then died of respiratory failure at the age of", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "742233", "text": "interval of roughly 140–160 years. Northwest of Frazier Park, the fault runs through the Carrizo Plain, a long, treeless plain where much of the fault is plainly visible. The Elkhorn Scarp defines the fault trace along much of its length within the plain. The southern segment, which stretches from Parkfield in Monterey County all the way to the Salton Sea, is capable of an 8.1-magnitude earthquake. At its closest, this fault passes about to the northeast of Los Angeles. Such a large earthquake on this southern segment would kill thousands of people in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, and surrounding", "title": "San Andreas Fault" }, { "id": "120453", "text": "earthquake only a month later, on February 13, 2001, that killed 255 people and damaged about 20% of the nation's housing. Luckily, many families were able to find safety from the landslides caused by the earthquake. The San Salvador area has been hit by earthquakes in 1576, 1659, 1798, 1839, 1854, 1873, 1880, 1917, 1919, 1965, 1986, 2001 and 2005. The 5.7 M-earthquake of 1986 resulted in 1,500 deaths, 10,000 injuries, and 100,000 people left homeless. El Salvador's most recent destructive volcanic eruption took place on October 1, 2005, when the Santa Ana Volcano spewed a cloud of ash, hot", "title": "El Salvador" }, { "id": "1902471", "text": "do a special celebratory edition), with reports done by Bob Jamieson and Don Oliver in San Francisco, and George Lewis in Oakland. Jim Miklasewski and Bob Hager covered disaster response from Washington. NBC Sports commentators Bob Costas and Jimmy Cefalo discussed the effect the temblor would have on the 1989 World Series. The World Series was delayed while the Bay Area started the recovery process. While the teams' stadiums had suffered only minor damage, it took several days for power and transmission links at Candlestick Park to be repaired. After ten days (the longest delay in World Series history), Game", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "18813156", "text": "1957 San Francisco earthquake The 1957 San Francisco earthquake (also known as the Daly City earthquake of 1957) occurred on March 22 at with a moment magnitude of 5.7 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). It was located just off the San Francisco Peninsula near the San Andreas Fault and was felt in a limited portion of Northern and Central California. There was a non-destructive foreshock and aftershock sequence that lasted for several months. With financial losses of around US$1 million, damage was considered minimal, with one death and forty injuries. The San Andreas Fault is a", "title": "1957 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "606083", "text": "capped with a tall cross built in 1934. Dominating this area is Sutro Tower, a large red and white radio and television transmission tower. The nearby San Andreas and Hayward Faults are responsible for much earthquake activity, although neither physically passes through the city itself. The San Andreas Fault caused the earthquakes in 1906 and 1989. Minor earthquakes occur on a regular basis. The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development. The city constructed an auxiliary water supply system and has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, requiring retrofits for older buildings and higher engineering", "title": "San Francisco" }, { "id": "10366473", "text": "San Jose now has a Democratic majority in party registration. In December 2014, the city demolished the \"Jungle\", the nation's largest homeless person encampment. San Jose lies near several active faults, including the Monte Vista Fault, Hayward Fault Zone, Calaveras Fault, Silver Creek Fault, and the San Andreas Fault. Significant events occurred in 1856, 1858, 1864, 1865, 1868, 1881, 1891, 1897, 1898, 1906, 1957, 1989, and 2007. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake, with its epicenter slightly off the coast of San Francisco near Golden Gate Park, devastated many buildings in San Jose. The city was still primarily rural and the", "title": "History of San Jose, California" }, { "id": "1902436", "text": "the San Francisco Bay Area recorded peak horizontal accelerations that were as high as 0.26\"g\", and close to the epicenter they peaked at more than 0.6\"g\". In a general way, the location of aftershocks of the event delineated the extent of the faulting, which (according to seismologist Bruce Bolt) extended about in length. Because the rupture took place bilaterally, the duration of strong shaking was about half of what it would have been had it ruptured in one direction only. The duration of a typical M6.9 shock with a comparable rupture length would have been about twice as long. Gregory", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "11025704", "text": "1989, at Oakland Coliseum in Oakland, California. October 15, 1989, at Oakland Coliseum in Oakland, California October 17, 1989, at Candlestick Park in San Francisco The game was delayed until October 27, or about ten days, due to the Loma Prieta earthquake. October 28, 1989, at Candlestick Park in San Francisco All-Star Game 1989 San Francisco Giants season The 1989 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 107th season in Major League Baseball, their 32nd season in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 30th at Candlestick Park. The Giants finished in first", "title": "1989 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "1902470", "text": "wave-like manner over a distance of several feet. When electrical power to the stadium was lost, someone drove a police car onto the field, where an officer used the car's public address system to advise that the game had been postponed. After the shaking subsided, many of the players on both teams immediately searched for, and gathered, family and friends from the stands before evacuating the facility. The October 18, 1989 edition of NBC's \"Today\" that covered the earthquake ran until noon Eastern Time. Bryant Gumbel, Jane Pauley and Deborah Norville anchored from Chicago (where they had planned to originally", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "15465848", "text": "to the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. At 5:04 pm on October 17, 1989, a major earthquake rumbled through the San Francisco Bay Area. One of the hardest-hit locations was the Marina District of San Francisco; a densely populated neighborhood built up primarily in the 1920s on rubble, sand and debris dumped at the edge of the bay following the 1906 earthquake. A number of buildings collapsed, and firefighters were called to rescue trapped residents. Subsequent to a sharp aftershock, a fire broke out in a three-story building at Divisadero and Jefferson, threatening nearby buildings. Fire engines connected their hoses to", "title": "Phoenix (fireboat)" }, { "id": "1902451", "text": "sand and rubble suffered liquefaction, and the earthquake's vertical shock waves rippled the ground more severely. At the intersection of Beach and Divisadero Streets in San Francisco, a natural gas main rupture caused a major structure fire. The San Francisco Fire Department selected civilians to help run fire hoses from a distance because the nearby hydrant system failed. Since the bay was only two blocks from the burning buildings, water from the bay was pumped by the fireboat \"Phoenix\", to engines on the shore, and from there sprayed on the fire. The apartment structures that collapsed were older buildings that", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "19788964", "text": "was able to pump water to substitute for fire mains broken during the quake. St. Francis (fireboat) St. Francis is a fireboat operated by the San Francisco Fire Department on San Francisco Bay since 2016. Also known as \"Fireboat 3\", she was given the official name on October 17, 2016, the anniversary of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Local schoolchildren helped pick the vessel's name. San Francisco had been about to retire the Phoenix, its last fireboat, when the earthquake proved its worth. The earthquake broke water mains. The Phoenix was equipped with extra fire-hose couplings, so her pumps were", "title": "St. Francis (fireboat)" }, { "id": "1902445", "text": "earthquake precursor, more recent studies have cast doubt on the connection, attributing the Corralitos signals to either unrelated magnetic disturbance or, even more simply, to sensor-system malfunction. The earthquake caused severe damage in some very specific locations in the San Francisco Bay Area, most notably on unstable soil in San Francisco and Oakland. Oakland City Hall was evacuated after the earthquake until a US$80M seismic retrofit and hazard abatement work was completed in 1995. Many other communities sustained severe damage throughout the region located in Alameda, San Mateo, Santa Clara, San Benito, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. Major property damage", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "19788962", "text": "St. Francis (fireboat) St. Francis is a fireboat operated by the San Francisco Fire Department on San Francisco Bay since 2016. Also known as \"Fireboat 3\", she was given the official name on October 17, 2016, the anniversary of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Local schoolchildren helped pick the vessel's name. San Francisco had been about to retire the Phoenix, its last fireboat, when the earthquake proved its worth. The earthquake broke water mains. The Phoenix was equipped with extra fire-hose couplings, so her pumps were able to provide water pressure to a temporary network of fire-hoses, so local fire", "title": "St. Francis (fireboat)" }, { "id": "12234154", "text": "interval for a series of large earthquakes starting in 1899 (including the 5.9 1937 Terwilliger Valley earthquake) was 18, 5, 14, 5, 12, 14, and 19 years, yet there has not been a strong earthquake for years (since the 1987 Superstition Hills and Elmore Ranch sequence). The San Jacinto Fault Zone and the San Andreas Fault (SAF) accommodate up to 80% of the slip rate between the North American and Pacific plates. The extreme southern portion of the SAF has experienced two moderate events in historical times, while the SJFZ is one of California's most active fault zones and has", "title": "San Jacinto Fault Zone" }, { "id": "5348362", "text": "tsunamis caused by the earthquake are often where the greatest damage occurs. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the city (then the largest in California) and nearby communities at 5:12 a.m. on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. Devastating fires broke out in the city that lasted for several days, destroying about 28,000 buildings. As a result of the quake and fires, over 3,000 people died and over 80% of San Francisco was destroyed. The death toll from the earthquake and resulting fire is the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California's history. The most widely accepted estimate for", "title": "History of California 1900–present" }, { "id": "386272", "text": "who threw easily to Clark for the final out, stranding the tying run at second, as longtime Giants radio voice Hank Greenwald proclaimed, \"27 years of waiting have come to an end. The Giants have won the pennant!\" After dispatching the Cubs four games to one, the Giants faced the Oakland Athletics in the unforgettable \"Bay Bridge Series\", best remembered by the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake which struck at 5:04 p.m. just before the scheduled Game 3 at Candlestick Park. After a ten-day delay, Oakland finished its sweep of the Giants, winning Games 3 & 4 at San", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "610181", "text": "Oakland to consistently be listed as one of America's most crime-ridden cities. In 1980 Oakland's black population reached its 20th-century peak at approximately 47% of the overall city population. The 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on October 17, 1989. The rupture was related to the San Andreas fault system and affected the entire San Francisco Bay Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). Many structures in Oakland were badly damaged including the double-decker portion of Interstate 880 that collapsed. The eastern span of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge also sustained damage and was closed to traffic for one", "title": "Oakland, California" }, { "id": "1902434", "text": "the earlier shock. Also in Los Gatos, one man died when he exited a building through a window and fell five stories. The Loma Prieta earthquake was named for Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, which lies just to the east of the mainshock epicenter. The duration of the heaviest shaking in the Santa Cruz Mountains was about 15 seconds, but strong ground motion recordings revealed that the duration of shaking was not uniform throughout the affected area (due to different types and thicknesses of soil). At sites with rocky terrain, the duration was shorter and the shaking", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "12654374", "text": "remaining survivor at the time of his death, aged 106. Another survivor, Libera Armstrong (September 28, 1902 – November 27, 2007), attended the 2006 anniversary, but died in 2007, aged 105. Shortly after Hamrol's death, two additional survivors were discovered. William Del Monte, then 103, and Jeanette Scola Trapani (April 21, 1902 – December 28, 2009), 106, stated that they stopped attending events commemorating the earthquake when it became too much trouble for them. Del Monte and another survivor, Rose Cliver, then 106, attended the earthquake reunion celebration on April 18, 2009, the 103rd anniversary of the earthquake. Cliver (October", "title": "1906 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "18600089", "text": "the San Andreas Fault. The earthquake was felt from Santa Barbara in the north, to Palm Springs in the east, and south to the Mexico–United States border. It was centered about northeast of Sierra Madre. Hundreds of homes were damaged and at least three roads leading up to Mount Wilson were blocked by landslides. A woman was killed when a steel beam fell at the Santa Anita Park raceway in Arcadia and another woman died as a result of a heart attack in Glendale. Also in Arcadia, a Motel 6 was badly damaged. Other structural damage resulted from the shock.", "title": "1991 Sierra Madre earthquake" }, { "id": "1902429", "text": "for the northern San Andreas Fault segment, the San Francisco Peninsula segment, and a portion of that segment which was referred to as the southern Santa Cruz Mountains segment. The thirty year probability for one or more M7 earthquakes in the study area was given as 50%, but because of a lack of information and low confidence, a 30% probability was assigned to the Southern Santa Cruz Mountains segment. Two moderate shocks, referred to as the Lake Elsman earthquakes by the USGS, occurred in the Santa Cruz Mountains region in June 1988 and again in August 1989. Following each event,", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "12654375", "text": "9, 1902 – February 18, 2012) died in February 2012, aged 109. Nancy Stoner Sage (February 19, 1905 – April 15, 2010) died, aged 105, in Colorado just three days short of the 104th anniversary of the earthquake on April 18, 2010. Del Monte attended the event at Lotta's Fountain on April 18, 2010 and the dinner at John's Restaurant the night before. 107-year-old George Quilici (April 26, 1905 – May 31, 2012) died in May 2012, and 113-year-old Ruth Newman (September 23, 1901 – July 29, 2015) in July 2015. William Del Monte (January 22, 1906 – January 11,", "title": "1906 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "10956278", "text": "the San Andreas Fault, and was close to the epicenter of the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 5.3 square miles (13.7 km²), all of it land. In 1925 it was founded as Rob Roy by real estate developer David Batchelor. The now-defunct (since 2000) Rob Roy Video Store was the only business in the area to make note of this heritage. In 1935 the name was changed to La Selva Beach by the new developer, Edward Burghard. Most of the existing houses were built in the", "title": "La Selva Beach, California" }, { "id": "1854119", "text": "Prieta earthquake on October 17, 1989, reopening the following morning. Minor damage to the runways was quickly repaired. In 1989, a master plan and Environmental Impact Report were prepared to guide development over the next two decades. During the boom of the 1990s and the dot-com boom SFO became the sixth busiest airport in the world, but since 2001, when the boom ended, SFO has fallen out of the top twenty. United Express turboprops were scheduled 60 minutes apart to shuttle connecting passengers between SFO and nearby San Jose International Airport during the boom era. United Groundlink supplemented this service", "title": "San Francisco International Airport" }, { "id": "4259686", "text": "1857 Fort Tejon earthquake The 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake occurred at about 8:20 am (Pacific time) on January 9 in central and Southern California. One of the largest recorded earthquakes in the United States, with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9, it ruptured the southern part of the San Andreas Fault for a length of about 225 miles (350 kilometers), between Parkfield and Wrightwood. The earthquake was felt throughout much of California, as far north as the city of Marysville and as far south as the mouth of the Colorado River at the Gulf of California in Mexico, and as", "title": "1857 Fort Tejon earthquake" }, { "id": "18600091", "text": "around 58,500 km, the shock was felt from Santa Barbara and Bakersfield to San Diego, Palm Springs, and Las Vegas. This is about half the felt area that was seen during the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake, which was felt over an area of 110,000 km. The maximum intensity observed in the urban areas that were affected was VII (\"Very strong\"), but the intensity in the epicentral area is unknown because of its remote location in the mountainous Angeles National Forest, though rock slides and landslides occurred there as a result of strong shaking. Intensity VI (\"Strong\") effects were observed over", "title": "1991 Sierra Madre earthquake" }, { "id": "13544800", "text": "the connecting transit line), featured the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants, teams that play just across San Francisco Bay from each other. The series is most remembered for the major earthquake that struck the San Francisco Bay Area just before game 3 was scheduled to begin. The quake caused significant damage to both communities and severed the Bay Bridge that connects them, forcing the postponement of the series. Play resumed ten days later, and the A's swept the Giants in four games. (The earthquake disruption of the Series almost completely overshadowed the fact that the 1989 Series represented", "title": "World Series" }, { "id": "1768345", "text": "an instance of the quandary public officials face: in 1995 Professor Varotsos reportedly filed a complaint with the public prosecutor accusing government officials of negligence in not responding to his supposed prediction of an earthquake. A government official was quoted as saying \"VAN's prediction was not of any use\" in that it covered two-thirds of the area of Greece. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (epicenter in the Santa Cruz Mountains northwest of San Juan Bautista, California) caused significant damage in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reportedly claimed, twelve hours \"after\" the event, that", "title": "Earthquake prediction" }, { "id": "1902432", "text": "1989, shock, in anticipation of an upcoming large earthquake, staff at the University of California, Santa Cruz deployed four accelerometers in the area, which were positioned at the UCSC campus, two residences in Santa Cruz, and a home in Los Gatos. Unlike other nearby (high gain) seismographs that were overwhelmed (driven off scale) by the large magnitude mainshock, the four accelerometers captured a useful record of the main event and more than half an hour of the early aftershock activity. The June 27, 1988, shock occurred with a maximum intensity of VI (\"Strong\"). Its effects included broken windows in Los", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "14571141", "text": "1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes At 04:56 and 06:19 UTC on October 2, 1969 (21:56 and 23:19 PDT October 1), a pair of earthquakes of magnitude 5.6 and 5.7, respectively, struck the city of Santa Rosa, California, killing one person and damaging buildings. The maximum felt intensity for the two events was VII (\"Very strong\") and VIII (\"Severe\") respectively on the Mercalli intensity scale. The $8.35 million cost of the earthquakes went mostly to replace buildings damaged beyond repair. There were at least 200 aftershocks after the initial pair of earthquakes. At the time they were the largest earthquakes to affect", "title": "1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes" }, { "id": "1902425", "text": "larger loss of life, as several of the Bay Area's major transportation structures suffered catastrophic failures. The collapse of a section of the double-deck Nimitz Freeway in Oakland was the site of the largest number of casualties for the event, but the collapse of man-made structures and other related accidents contributed to casualties occurring in San Francisco, Los Altos, and Santa Cruz. The history of earthquake investigations in California has been largely focused on the San Andreas Fault System, due to its strong influence in the state as the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate; it", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "12556733", "text": "2007 Alum Rock earthquake The 2007 Alum Rock earthquake occurred on in Alum Rock Park in San Jose, California. It measured 5.6 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (\"Strong\"). The event was then the largest in the San Francisco Bay Area since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, which measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale, but was later surpassed by the 2014 South Napa earthquake. Ground shaking from the Alum Rock quake reached San Francisco and Oakland and other points further north. Sixty thousand felt reports existed far beyond Santa Rosa, as far", "title": "2007 Alum Rock earthquake" }, { "id": "742240", "text": "a linear valley formed by the fault just south of San Francisco. Eleven years later, Lawson discovered that the San Andreas Fault stretched southward into southern California after reviewing the effects of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Large-scale (hundreds of miles) lateral movement along the fault was first proposed in a 1953 paper by geologists Mason Hill and Thomas Dibblee. This idea, which was considered radical at the time, has since been vindicated by modern plate tectonics. Seismologists discovered that the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield in central California consistently produces a magnitude 6.0 earthquake approximately once every 22 years.", "title": "San Andreas Fault" }, { "id": "6820534", "text": "Park. The quake severely damaged many of the city's freeways including the Embarcadero Freeway and the Central Freeway. Mayor Agnos made the controversial decision to tear down the Embarcadero Freeway, opening the waterfront but eventually shifting Chinatown voters away from him and costing him re-election in 1991. The quake also caused extensive damage in the Marina District and the South of Market neighborhoods. The 1990s saw the demolition of the quake damaged Embarcadero and Central Freeway, restoring the once blighted Hayes Valley as well as the city's waterfront promenade, The Embarcadero. In 1994 as part of the Base Realignment and", "title": "History of San Francisco" }, { "id": "1927834", "text": "ground velocity at the Rinaldi Receiving Station was 183 cm/s (4.09 mph or 6.59 km/h), the fastest ever recorded. Two 6.0 aftershocks followed, the first about one minute after the initial event and the second approximately 11 hours later, the strongest of several thousand aftershocks in all. The death toll was 57, with more than 8,700 injured. In addition, property damage was estimated to be between $13 and $50 billion, making it one of the costliest natural disasters in U.S. history. The earthquake struck in the San Fernando Valley about 20 miles (31 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles. Although", "title": "1994 Northridge earthquake" }, { "id": "1902428", "text": "the San Juan Bautista segment, or an M7 event on the San Francisco Peninsula segment, United States Geological Survey (USGS) seismologist Allan Lindh's 1983 forecasted rupture length of (starting near Pajaro Gap, and continuing to the northwest) for the San Juan Bautista segment nearly matched the actual rupture length of the 1989 event. An updated forecast was presented in 1988, at which time Lindh took the opportunity to assign a new name to the San Juan Bautista segment – the Loma Prieta segment. In early 1988, the Working Group for California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) made several statements regarding their forecasts", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "1902464", "text": "trains and buses were stalled in place—half of Muni's transport capability was lost for 12 hours. Muni relied on diesel buses to continue abbreviated service until electric power was restored later that night, and electric units could be inspected and readied for service on the morning of October 18. After 78 hours, 96 percent of Muni services were back in operation, including the cable cars. Amtrak intercity rail service into Oakland from the \"California Zephyr\" continued, but the \"Coast Starlight\" was temporarily suspended north of Salinas because of damage to the Southern Pacific's Coast Line. The earthquake changed the Bay", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "2338966", "text": "which followed. One of Mansouri's triumphs was the overseeing of the reconstruction and renovation of the opera house following the October 1989 earthquake. After closing at the end of the 1995 Fall season for \"a 21-month, US$88.5 million renovation, San Francisco's War Memorial Opera House reopened on 5 September 1997 with a gala concert celebrating this occasion, as well the 75th anniversary of the San Francisco Opera. Fittingly, the concert featured operatic greats of the past, present and future. The project included repairs of damage caused by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, improvements for the audience and performers, seismic strengthening", "title": "San Francisco Opera" }, { "id": "606069", "text": "at the time. Around 1901, San Francisco was a major city known for its flamboyant style, stately hotels, ostentatious mansions on Nob Hill, and a thriving arts scene. The first North American plague epidemic was the San Francisco plague of 1900–1904. At 5:12 am on April 18, 1906, a major earthquake struck San Francisco and northern California. As buildings collapsed from the shaking, ruptured gas lines ignited fires that spread across the city and burned out of control for several days. With water mains out of service, the Presidio Artillery Corps attempted to contain the inferno by dynamiting blocks of", "title": "San Francisco" }, { "id": "17875871", "text": "San Andreas (film) San Andreas is a 2015 American disaster film directed by Brad Peyton and written by Carlton Cuse, with Andre Fabrizio and Jeremy Passmore receiving story credit. The film stars Dwayne Johnson, Carla Gugino, Alexandra Daddario, Ioan Gruffudd, Kylie Minogue and Paul Giamatti. Its plot centers on an earthquake caused by the San Andreas Fault devastating Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area. Principal photography of the film started on April 22, 2014 in Queensland, Australia and wrapped up on July 28 in San Francisco. The film was released worldwide in 2D and 3D on May 29,", "title": "San Andreas (film)" }, { "id": "1902454", "text": "arrested those who refused to stop searching. This became a political issue in the following days. The body of a young woman coffee worker was found under a collapsed wall late the next day. During the first few days following the quake, electric power to most Santa Cruz County subscribers was out, and some areas had no water. Limited phone service remained online, providing a crucial link to rescue workers. Widespread search operations were organized to find possible victims inside the remains of fallen structures. As many as six teams of dogs and their handlers were at work identifying the", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "4169659", "text": "of a 1990 television movie (documenting the Loma Prieta earthquake) called \"After The Shock\". As for the Series itself, Fay Vincent decided to postpone Game 3 (although he did not tell anyone before doing so, resulting in an umpire protest) initially for five days, resulting in the longest delay in World Series history. It was postponed for another five days (until October 27) because of delays in restoring transmission links. Then San Francisco mayor Art Agnos wanted to wait a month before resuming it, with Vincent responding to Agnos by telling him that he might move it elsewhere if the", "title": "1989 World Series" }, { "id": "17875872", "text": "2015, received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $474 million worldwide. Caltech seismologist Dr. Lawrence Hayes and his colleague Dr. Kim Park are at Hoover Dam doing research for a new earthquake predicting model when a nearby and previously unknown fault ruptures. A 7.1 magnitude earthquake is triggered as a result, collapsing the dam; Park is killed during the collapse, shortly after rescuing a child. Following the disaster, Hayes discovers that the entire San Andreas Fault is shifting and will soon cause a series of major earthquakes, potentially destroying cities along the fault line. Ray Gaines, a Los Angeles Fire", "title": "San Andreas (film)" }, { "id": "20453887", "text": "as fill) can amplify seismic waves, often at a considerable distance from the source, while sedimentary basins will often resonate, increasing the duration of shaking. This is why, in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the Marina district of San Francisco was one of the most damaged areas, though it was nearly 100 km from the epicenter. Geological structures were also significant, such as where seismic waves passing under the south end of San Francisco Bay reflected off the base of the Earth's crust towards San Francisco and Oakland. A similar effect channeled seismic waves between the other major faults in", "title": "Seismic intensity scales" }, { "id": "12047387", "text": "repainted and the \"Empress Theatre\" sign was painted into the pediment. Its window panels were uncovered and refurbished, seats from Fox Theatres were salvaged and installed, gypsum decoration was re-gilded, and period-appropriate carpeting was laid. The Empress thrived throughout the decade. 1989 On Tuesday October 17, the Loma Prieta earthquake, measuring 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale, shook the San Francisco Bay Area; the Empress Theatre was not spared. To repair damage from the quake and make the building seismically safe for use was a task so monumental that it caused the theatre to sit vacant and derelict for nearly", "title": "Empress Theatre (California)" }, { "id": "18234494", "text": "2014 South Napa earthquake The 2014 South Napa earthquake occurred in the North San Francisco Bay Area on August 24 at . At 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale and with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (\"Severe\"), the event was the largest in the San Francisco Bay Area since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The epicenter of the earthquake was located to the south of Napa and to the northwest of American Canyon on the West Napa Fault. Total damage in the southern Napa Valley and Vallejo areas was in the range of $362 million to 1 billion, with", "title": "2014 South Napa earthquake" }, { "id": "1902452", "text": "included ground floor garages, which engineers refer to as a soft story building. In Santa Cruz, the Pacific Garden Mall was severely damaged, with falling debris killing three people, half of the six earthquake deaths in Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties. Some 31 buildings were damaged enough to warrant demolition, seven of which had been listed in the Santa Cruz Historic Building Survey. The four oldest were built in 1894, the five oldest withstood the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Immediately, a number of civilians began to free victims from the rubble of Ford's Department Store and the Santa Cruz Coffee", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "1902442", "text": "Three people were killed in the collapse of buildings along the Pacific Garden Mall in Santa Cruz, and five people were killed in the collapse of a brick wall on Bluxome Street in San Francisco. When the earthquake hit, the third game of the 1989 World Series baseball championship was about to begin. Because of the unusual circumstance that both of the World Series teams (the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics) were based in the affected area, many people had left work early or were staying late to participate in after work group viewings and parties. As a consequence", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "742227", "text": "San Andreas Fault The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip (horizontal). The fault divides into three segments, each with different characteristics and a different degree of earthquake risk. The slip rate along the fault ranges from /yr. The fault was identified in 1895 by Professor Andrew Lawson of UC Berkeley, who discovered the northern zone. It is often described as having been named after San Andreas Lake, a small body of water that", "title": "San Andreas Fault" }, { "id": "18600094", "text": "of the seven individual segments to rupture in a M6.4–6.6 event, comparable with the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. The recurrence interval for this type of event was placed at 200 years. Sources 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake The 1991 Sierra Madre earthquake occurred on June 28 at with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (\"Very strong\"). The thrust earthquake resulted in two deaths, around 100 injuries, and damage estimated at $33.5–40 million. The event occurred beneath the San Gabriel Mountains on the Clamshell–Sawpit Fault, which is a part of the Sierra Madre–Cucamonga Fault System. Instruments", "title": "1991 Sierra Madre earthquake" }, { "id": "12654335", "text": "the earth's crust took place both before and after the earthquake's impact. Accumulated strain on the faults in the system was relieved during the earthquake, which is the supposed cause of the damage along the 450-kilometer-long segment of the San Andreas plate boundary. The 1906 rupture propagated both northward and southward for a total of . Shaking was felt from Oregon to Los Angeles, and inland as far as central Nevada. A strong foreshock preceded the main shock by about 20 to 25 seconds. The strong shaking of the main shock lasted about 42 seconds. There were decades of minor", "title": "1906 San Francisco earthquake" }, { "id": "12789848", "text": "a system of coastal faults which run roughly parallel to the San Andreas. The movement of the San Gregorio is right-lateral strike-slip, and the slip rate is estimated to be 4 to 10 mm/year (0.2 to 0.4 inch/year). The most recent major earthquake along the fault occurred some time between 1270-1775 AD, with an estimated magnitude of 7 to 7.25. San Gregorio Fault The San Gregorio Fault is an active, 209 km (130 mi) long fault located off the coast of Northern California. The southern end of the fault is in southern Monterey Bay, and the northern end is about", "title": "San Gregorio Fault" }, { "id": "5326454", "text": "frequent Civil War reenactments presented by the Fort Tejon Historical Association. The Fort Tejon earthquake occurred at about 8:20 AM (Pacific time) on January 9, 1857. It ruptured the San Andreas Fault for a length of about , between Parkfield and San Bernardino. Displacement along the fault was as much as 9 meters (30 feet) in the Carrizo Plain but less along the Palmdale section of the fault, closest to Los Angeles. The amount of fault slip gives this earthquake a moment magnitude of 7.9, comparable to that of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Based on the (uncertain) distribution of", "title": "Fort Tejon" }, { "id": "2658649", "text": "the \"Spruance\"-class destroyer to escort reflagged Kuwaiti oil tankers through the Strait of Hormuz during Operation Earnest Will. While homeward bound, transiting the South China Sea, \"Gridley\" rescued Vietnamese refugees sighted in a small boat off of the coast of Vietnam. A Vietnamese-speaking crewman aboard \"Gridley\" was able to translate for those rescued, facilitating the process. \"Gridley\" returned to San Diego in June 1989. On 17 October of that year, the ship's visit to Naval Station, Treasure Island, California, was interrupted by the 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake that struck the San Francisco Bay area. \"Gridley\"s crew provided assistance to victims", "title": "USS Gridley (DLG-21)" }, { "id": "1902440", "text": "weeks due to a large slide and one person was killed by a rockfall along the coast. Other areas with certain soil conditions were susceptible to site amplification due to the effects of liquefaction, especially near the shore of San Francisco Bay (where its effects were severe in the Marina District) and to the west of the epicenter near rivers and other bodies of water. Minor lateral spreading was also seen along the shores of San Francisco Bay and to the south near Monterey Bay. Other ground effects included downslope movement, slumps, and ground cracks. Fifty-seven of the deaths were", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "359051", "text": "during earthquakes, and most of the major damage close to the Bay in the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 occurred to structures on these areas. The Marina District of San Francisco, hard hit by the 1989 earthquake, was built on fill that had been placed there for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, although liquefaction did not occur on a large scale. In the 1990s, San Francisco International Airport proposed filling in hundreds more acres to extend its overcrowded international runways in exchange for purchasing other parts of the bay and converting them back to wetlands. The idea was, and remains, controversial.", "title": "San Francisco Bay" }, { "id": "1902455", "text": "large number of damaged buildings that held no victims. The quake claimed one life in Watsonville: a driver who collided with panicked horses after they escaped their collapsed corral. In other Santa Cruz and Monterey county locations such as Boulder Creek and Moss Landing, a number of structures were damaged, with some knocked off of their foundations. Many residents slept outside their homes out of concern for further damage from aftershocks, of which there were 51 with magnitudes greater than 3.0 in the following 24 hours, and 16 more the second day. The earthquake damaged several historic buildings in the", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "5921373", "text": "and Las Vegas, Nevada. Communication systems and local media were temporarily impaired and power was cut, leaving numerous early morning workers stranded in disabled elevators. Other minor disruptions included a number of water and gas main breaks, shattered windows and some ceiling collapses. Like the San Fernando earthquake, transportation systems were again affected, but this time it was only the Santa Ana Freeway and San Gabriel River Freeways that were closed near Santa Fe Springs after pieces of concrete were dislodged and cracks were observed in the roadway. Los Angeles County+USC Medical Center took a large number of the injured,", "title": "1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake" }, { "id": "19788963", "text": "engines could fight fires in neighborhoods where the earthquake broke underground pipes. Most of the vessel's $11.8 million construction cost was paid for from a port security grant from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Senator Dianne Feinstein attended the vessel's christening. According to the \"San Francisco Chronicle\", Feinstein was largely responsible for securing $8 million in federal funds to pay for the vessel. Feinstein reflected on how, during her time as San Francisco's mayor, some fiscal conservatives wanted to retire the city's last fireboat, \"Phoenix\" and how that vessel proved its worth during the Loma Prieta earthquake, when she", "title": "St. Francis (fireboat)" }, { "id": "681946", "text": "in the 1960s. The city has suffered from many severe earthquakes, the most disastrous of which occurred in 1854. The San Salvador volcano erupted again in 1917, resulting in three major earthquakes that damaged the city so extensively the government was forced to temporarily move the capital to the city of Santa Tecla (known at the time as \"Nueva San Salvador\"). The 1986 San Salvador earthquake struck on October 10, 1986, causing considerable damage to the city and surrounding areas. Between 1,000 and 1,500 people are believed to have been killed, and over 10,000 people were injured. 200,000 people were", "title": "San Salvador" }, { "id": "7976154", "text": "support Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. As an Air National Guard unit, many of the 129th's missions involved supporting the Governor's office during times of State emergencies, including earthquakes, chemical spills, fires and floods. The 129th provided aid during floods along the Yuba River in 1959 and the Eel River in 1964-1965. During record flooding in Sonoma, Sutter and Yuba counties in Northern California, 33 lives were saved in 5 days, from 18–22 February 1986. In all, 44 lives were saved in 1986, a record rescue for the 129th. During the aftermath of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the", "title": "129th Rescue Wing" }, { "id": "7849984", "text": "2003 San Simeon earthquake The 2003 San Simeon earthquake struck at 11:15 PST (19:15 UTC) on December 22 on the Central Coast of California, about northeast of San Simeon. Probably centered in the Oceanic fault zone within the Santa Lucia Mountains, it was caused by thrust faulting and the rupture propagated southeast from the hypocenter for 12 miles (19 km). The most violent ground movement was within 50 miles of the epicenter, though the earthquake was felt as far away as Los Angeles. With a moment magnitude of 6.6, it was the most destructive earthquake to hit the United States", "title": "2003 San Simeon earthquake" }, { "id": "12753108", "text": "of the movie centres on the political and social fallout following the earthquake, and Winslow's attempts to reunite with her family (from whom she had become separated). The movie was aired over a two-night period on NBC during November 1990. There had been some public interest in earthquakes following the Loma Prieta earthquake which rocked San Francisco in October 1989, and in addition seismologists at the time were predicting a massive earthquake to strike along the New Madrid Fault line, which runs along the Mississippi River, an event which ultimately did not occur. (A real earthquake would eventually strike Los", "title": "The Great Los Angeles Earthquake" }, { "id": "12046306", "text": "a harmless first-pitch groundout straight to Robby Thompson at second, who threw easily to series hero Will Clark at first for the final out, stranding the tying run at third, as longtime Giants radio voice Hank Greenwald proclaimed, \"27 years of frustration have come to an end as the San Francisco Giants are once again champions of the National League!\" After dispatching the Cubs four games to one, the Giants faced the Oakland Athletics in the unforgettable \"Bay Bridge Series\", best remembered by the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake which struck at 5:10 pm just before the scheduled Game", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "1902450", "text": "dust while trapped for an hour inside their collapsed apartment. The Marina district was built on a landfill made of a mixture of sand, dirt, rubble, waste and other materials containing a high percentage of groundwater. Some of the fill was rubble dumped into San Francisco Bay after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, but most was sand and debris laid down in preparation for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, a celebration of San Francisco's ability to rebound after its catastrophe in 1906. After the Exposition, apartment buildings were erected on the landfill. In the 1989 earthquake, the water-saturated unconsolidated mud,", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "13170685", "text": "(and the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991) most likely caused unusually persistent heavy rains. Following a milder drought in the southeastern United States and California the previous year, the 1988–89 drought affected the Mid-Atlantic states, the southeastern United States, the midwestern United States, the northern Great Plains, and the western United States. Heatwaves that accompanied the drought killed around 4,800 to 17,000 Americans as well as livestock across the United States. Cultivation of marginally arable land, as well as pumping groundwater to near depletion contributed to the damage from this event. The drought destroyed crops almost nationwide, lawns", "title": "1988–89 North American drought" }, { "id": "12586774", "text": "1868 Hayward earthquake The 1868 Hayward earthquake occurred in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States on October 21. With an estimated moment magnitude of 6.3–6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"), it was the most recent large earthquake to occur on the Hayward Fault Zone. It caused significant damage and a number of deaths throughout the region, and was known as the \"Great San Francisco earthquake\" prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. The earthquake occurred at 7:53 a.m. on October 21, 1868. Its epicenter was likely located near Hayward, California, and its magnitude", "title": "1868 Hayward earthquake" }, { "id": "1902446", "text": "in San Francisco's Marina District from the epicenter resulted from liquefaction of soil used to create waterfront land. Other effects included sand volcanoes, landslides and ground ruptures. Some 12,000 homes and 2,600 businesses were damaged. In Santa Cruz, close to the epicenter, 40 buildings collapsed, killing six people. At the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, the Plunge Building was significantly damaged. Liquefaction also caused damage in the Watsonville area. For example, sand volcanoes formed in a field near Pajaro as well as in a strawberry field. The Ford's department store in Watsonville experienced significant damage, including a crack down the front", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "17710700", "text": "has earned three Emmy awards, one shared Peabody award, and multiple awards from the Radio-Television News Directors Association. His news reporting has covered the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1991 Oakland Hills firestorm, the Asiana plane crash at San Francisco International Airport, the October 2017 North Bay and Santa Rosa fires and many other major news events. Schaub's coverage of political events has spanned six national party conventions, the 2000 election crisis, the presidential inauguration of George W. Bush, and the state funeral for President Reagan. Schaub served as the master of ceremonies for Cleantech Open's 2009 gala and", "title": "Jeffrey Schaub" }, { "id": "5068311", "text": "major cantilever span. Little was done to address this problem until the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The earthquake measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and while the epicenter was distant from the bridge, a 50-foot (15 m) section of the upper deck of the eastern truss viaduct portion of the bridge collapsed onto the deck below, indirectly causing one death at the point of collapse. The bridge was closed for a month as construction crews removed and reconstructed the fallen section. It reopened on November 18, 1989, with a new stronger retrofit in place. The failure was at the", "title": "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge" }, { "id": "1902430", "text": "the State office of Emergency Services issued (for the first time in Bay Area history) short term advisories for a possible large earthquake, which meant there was \"a slightly increased likelihood of an M6.5 event on the Santa Cruz Mountains segment of the San Andreas fault\". The advisories following the two Lake Elsman events were issued in part because of the statements made by WGCEP and because they were two of the three largest shocks to occur along the 1906 earthquake's rupture zone since 1914. The 5.3 June 1988 and the 5.4 August 1989 events also occurred on previously unknown", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" }, { "id": "1902424", "text": "significant issue, especially in the heavily damaged Marina District of San Francisco, but its effects were also seen in the East Bay, and near the shore of Monterey Bay, where a non-destructive tsunami was also observed. Due to the sports coverage of the 1989 World Series, it became the first major earthquake in the United States that was broadcast live on national television (and is sometimes referred to as the \"World Series earthquake\" as a result). Rush-hour traffic on the Bay Area freeways was lighter than normal because the game was about to begin, and this may have prevented a", "title": "1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" } ]

[ "Cairn terrier" ]

[ { "id": "4257347", "text": "Oz\", Baum did not specifically state Toto's breed, but wrote \"he was a little black dog with long silky hair and small black eyes that twinkled merrily on either side of his funny, wee nose.\" However, from the illustrations in the first book many have concluded that he is a Cairn Terrier while others believe he is a Yorkshire Terrier as this breed was very popular at the time and it fits the illustration quite well. In subsequent books he becomes a Boston Terrier for reasons that are never explained, but then resumes the earlier look in later books. In", "title": "Toto (Oz)" }, { "id": "4257345", "text": "Toto (Oz) Toto is a fictional dog in L. Frank Baum's \"Oz\" series of children's books, and works derived from them. His name is pronounced with a long \"O\", a homophone of \"toe toe\". He was originally a small terrier drawn by W. W. Denslow for the first edition of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900). He reappears in numerous adaptations, such as \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939), \"The Wiz\" (1978) and \"Return to Oz\" (1985). Toto belongs to Dorothy Gale, the heroine of the first and many subsequent books. In the first book, he never spoke, although other animals,", "title": "Toto (Oz)" }, { "id": "7439952", "text": "Force\" (1943). Terry died at age 11 in Hollywood on September 1, 1945, and was buried at Spitz's ranch in Studio City, Los Angeles. The grave was destroyed during the construction of the Ventura Freeway in 1958. On June 18, 2011, a permanent memorial for Terry was dedicated at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles. Terry (dog) Terry (November 17, 1933 – September 1, 1945) was a female Cairn Terrier performer who appeared in 16 different movies, most famously as Toto in the film \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939). It was her only credited role, though she was credited", "title": "Terry (dog)" }, { "id": "7439949", "text": "Terry (dog) Terry (November 17, 1933 – September 1, 1945) was a female Cairn Terrier performer who appeared in 16 different movies, most famously as Toto in the film \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939). It was her only credited role, though she was credited not as Terry but as Toto. She was owned and trained by Carl Spitz. Terry, born in the midst of the Great Depression, was trained and owned by Carl Spitz. Her first film appearance was in \"Ready for Love\" (1934) which was released on November 30, 1934, roughly one month before her first major film appearance,", "title": "Terry (dog)" }, { "id": "16164607", "text": "would be a win for all canine film stars, such as Fox Terrier Asta, and Terry, the Cairn Terrier who portrayed Toto in \"The Wizard of Oz\". The British Academy of Film and Television Arts responded: \"Regretfully, we must advise that as he is not a human being and as his unique motivation as an actor was sausages, Uggie is not qualified to compete for the BAFTA in this category.\" This was after a number of members had contacted BAFTA to inquire if they were allowed to vote for Uggie for Best Actor. Uggie won the Palm Dog Award for", "title": "Uggie" }, { "id": "5237073", "text": "Billina serves in this adventure, the role that Dorothy's pet dog Toto served in the first Oz book, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900). A spunky, sassy and talkative chicken, Billina was originally named Bill because, she tells Dorothy, \"no one could tell whether I was going to be a hen or a rooster\". Dorothy insists on changing the hen's name to a feminine form. Billina endures several scares with the Kansas farm girl before they defeat the Nome King as only a hen can since eggs are poisonous to Nomes. At the end of the novel, Billina settles in", "title": "Billina" }, { "id": "4257348", "text": "Gregory Maguire's novel \"\", Toto is a minor character who is only described as being vile and annoying. In the musical adaption \"Wicked\", he is only mentioned briefly when Glinda mistakenly calls him \"Dodo\". In the 1939 movie \"The Wizard of Oz\", Toto was played by a female brindle Cairn Terrier named Terry. She was paid a $125 salary each week, which was more than some of the human actors (the Singer Midgets who played the Munchkins reportedly received $50 to $100 a week). During production, Terry's foot was broken when one of the Winkie guards accidentally stepped on it.", "title": "Toto (Oz)" }, { "id": "7581084", "text": "Carl Spitz Carl Spitz (August 26, 1894 – September 15, 1976) was a Hollywood dog trainer, most famous for owning and training the Cairn Terrier Terry, who portrayed Toto in the movie \"The Wizard of Oz\". Spitz developed the method of using silent hand signals to direct an animal. Spitz was born in Germany where he trained military and police dogs in WW1. He trained under Konrad Most, a pioneer of dog training. Spitz emigrated to the United States in 1926 and opened the Hollywood Dog Training School. According to screenwriter Jane Hall, Spitz went through the book \"The Wonderful", "title": "Carl Spitz" }, { "id": "13569043", "text": "the Institute at the end of \"The Angel Experiment\". He is described to have the characteristics of a Scottish terrier. When Total is rescued from the Institute, he is described as looking similar to Toto from The Wizard of Oz, which would make him a Cairn terrier. Total's character is not fully developed until \"School's Out Forever\", when it is discovered that he has the ability to talk. He is often humorous and dramatic, exemplified when he gets shot in the tail and isn't hurt largely, but still exaggerates the injury. Despite his dramatic nature, he can be mature when", "title": "Maximum Ride" }, { "id": "12276721", "text": "animal actors. The animals people gaze upon on the internet, in advertisements, are prized for their “cuteness.” This was seen in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\", as Toto or “Terry the Terrier” made over $125 a week, compared to the Munchkins, who made $50. Other famous animal actors include… Pet rental Pet rental is the practice, usually administered by for-profit companies, of renting pets such as dog and cats. Rental also includes animals who are hired out at a specific rate for a specific time. It is a controversial practice opposed by many animal rights advocates and has", "title": "Pet rental" }, { "id": "4257350", "text": "Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles. Members of the American rock band Toto have said the band was named after the dog. Though it was perhaps the original source for the name appearing on their demo tapes, they chose their name based upon the meaning of the Latin word \"toto\" (\"all-encompassing\"). Toto (Oz) Toto is a fictional dog in L. Frank Baum's \"Oz\" series of children's books, and works derived from them. His name is pronounced with a long \"O\", a homophone of \"toe toe\". He was originally a small terrier drawn by W. W. Denslow for the first edition of", "title": "Toto (Oz)" }, { "id": "4257349", "text": "A second dog had to be used while she healed. Due to the popularity of the movie, and because that role was the one she was most remembered for, her owner and trainer changed her official name to Toto. She actually appeared in 13 films. She died at age 11. Willard Carroll wrote her \"autobiography,\" \"I, Toto\" (2001). When Terry died in 1945 Carl Spitz buried her on his ranch in Studio City, CA. However, the construction of the Ventura Freeway in 1958 destroyed her grave. On June 18, 2011 a permanent memorial for her was dedicated at the Hollywood", "title": "Toto (Oz)" }, { "id": "2895647", "text": "Magic of Oz\". There are different kinds of animals living in Oz. According to Baum, all animals in Oz have the ability to speak because it is a \"fairy\" kingdom. When asked by his readers why Dorothy's dog Toto did not speak, Baum insisted that he had the ability to, but did not choose to speak, but he finally does so in \"Tik-Tok of Oz\". Among the many animals in Oz are: There is a multitude of other races living in the land of Oz, many of which only appear once. Among the known races are: Outside of them are", "title": "Land of Oz" }, { "id": "7439951", "text": "of Oz\" at Grauman's Chinese Theater; because of the popularity of the film, her name was changed to Toto in 1942. She had 16 total film appearances, three of which were playing in theaters at the same time in the fall of 1939: \"The Wizard of Oz\", \"The Women\", and \"Bad Little Angel\". Her last one was \"Tortilla Flat\" (1942), in which she was reunited with \"Oz\" director Victor Fleming and Frank Morgan, who played the Wizard. Terry was the mother of Rommy, another movie Cairn terrier, who appeared in other films including \"Reap the Wild Wind\" (1942) and \"Air", "title": "Terry (dog)" }, { "id": "7836475", "text": "because of safety issues and the logistical difficulty of getting such a cumbersome object in front of a tornado. TOTO is currently on display at the National Weather Center (NWC) on the University of Oklahoma campus in Norman, Oklahoma. TOTO was the inspiration for an instrument package named \"Dorothy\" in the 1996 Warner Bros. film, \"Twister\", and for a research project in the TV movie \"Tornado!\". TOtable Tornado Observatory The TOtable Tornado Observatory (nicknamed \"TOTO\" after Toto the dog in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\", in which a tornado is a key plot element) is a large, instrumented", "title": "TOtable Tornado Observatory" }, { "id": "2888751", "text": "the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14. \"The Wizard of Oz\" is the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, but uncredited contributions were made by others. The songs were written by Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg (lyrics) and Harold Arlen (music). The musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart. Dorothy Gale lives with her Cairn Terrier dog Toto on the Kansas farm of her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry. Toto bites witchy neighbor Miss Almira", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "654677", "text": "dog Toto are swept away from their Kansas home by a cyclone. The novel is one of the best-known stories in American literature and has been widely translated. The Library of Congress has declared it \"America's greatest and best-loved homegrown fairytale\". Its groundbreaking success and the success of the Broadway musical adapted from the novel led Baum to write thirteen additional Oz books that serve as official sequels to the first story. Baum dedicated the book \"to my good friend & comrade, My Wife\", Maud Gage Baum. In January 1901, George M. Hill Company completed printing the first edition, a", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "3799465", "text": "23, 2018, it was announced that WAG will produce an animated adaptation of \"The Ice Dragon\", a children's fantasy book by George R. R. Martin. Martin will produce and possibly write the script for the film. On July 12, 2018, it was announced that WAG will produce an animated movie about \"Toto\" from \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". The new film will be based on the children's book \"Toto: The Dog-Gone Amazing Story of The Wizard of Oz\". As of August 29, 2018, Warner Bros. is developing \"Coyote vs. Acme\", a Wile E. Coyote animated movie with \"Lego Batman\" director", "title": "Warner Bros. Animation" }, { "id": "4257346", "text": "native to Oz, did. In subsequent books, other animals gained the ability to speak upon reaching Oz or similar lands, but he remained speechless. In \"Tik-Tok of Oz\", continuity is restored: he reveals that he is able to talk, just like other animals in the Land of Oz, and simply chooses not to. In \"The Lost Princess of Oz\", he often talks continuously. Other major appearances include \"The Road to Oz\", \"The Emerald City of Oz\", \"Grampa in Oz\" and \"The Magical Mimics in Oz\", in which he is the first to recognize the Mimics. In \"The Wonderful Wizard of", "title": "Toto (Oz)" }, { "id": "11795137", "text": "Before drinking the Dwarfs' beer, she was almost incapable of performing magic, but after getting drunk, she wielded both fire and electricity spells with such frightening ability that Tick Tock began to consider her a new and serious threat to the South. Despite her rather impressive temper, Mara seems to dislike fighting, although is initially very eager to learn to use magic. Toto is a small creamy-yellow colored dog and Mara's constant companion and pet. He was responsible for Mara's coming to Oz, as he stole her “lucky” glove and ran down the yellow brick road (which was situated in", "title": "Dorothy of Oz (manhwa)" }, { "id": "16032677", "text": "Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz Tom and Jerry & The Wizard of Oz is a 2011 animated musical fantasy comedy direct-to-video film starring Tom and Jerry, produced by Warner Bros. Animation. The film is an animated semi-adaptation of the 1939 musical film, \"The Wizard of Oz\" with the addition of Tom and Jerry. Droopy and Butch from Tex Avery's \"Droopy\" series also cameo as minor antagonists. Dorothy is a girl, who lives in Kansas with her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry, as well as farmhands Hunk, Hickory, and Zeke. She has a pet dog named Toto, a", "title": "Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "654681", "text": "father the \"swellest man I knew\", a man who was able to give a decent reason as to why black birds cooked in a pie could afterwards get out and sing. By 1938, more than one million copies of the book had been printed. Less than two decades later in 1956, the sales of his novel had grown to three million copies in print. Dorothy is a young girl who lives with her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry and her little dog Toto on a farm in the Kansas prairie. One day, Dorothy and Toto are caught up in a", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "654709", "text": "part of multiple cultures, spreading from its early young American readership to becoming known throughout the world. It has been translated or adapted into well over fifty languages, at times being modified in local variations. For instance, in some abridged Indian editions, the Tin Woodman was replaced with a horse. In Russia, a translation by Alexander Melentyevich Volkov produced six books, \"The Wizard of the Emerald City\" series, which became progressively distanced from the Baum version, as Ellie and her dog Totoshka travel throughout the Magic Land. The 1939 film adaptation has become a classic of popular culture, shown annually", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "18636339", "text": "2018, it was announced that WAG will produce an animated adaptation of \"The Ice Dragon\", a children's fantasy book by George R. R. Martin. Martin will produce and possibly write the script for the film. On July 12, 2018, it was announced that WAG will produce an animated film about \"Toto\" from \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". The new film will be based on the children's book \"Toto: The Dog-Gone Amazing Story of The Wizard of Oz\". On August 29, 2018, Warner Animation Group announced \"Coyote vs. Acme\", a Wile E. Coyote animated film with \"The Lego Batman Movie\" director", "title": "Warner Animation Group" }, { "id": "7836472", "text": "TOtable Tornado Observatory The TOtable Tornado Observatory (nicknamed \"TOTO\" after Toto the dog in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\", in which a tornado is a key plot element) is a large, instrumented barrel-shaped device invented in 1979 by engineers Dr. Al Bedard and Carl Ramzy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL), and Dr. Howard Bluestein, meteorologist at the University of Oklahoma (OU). NOAA's objective was to place the TOTO directly in the path of a tornado, where it could, theoretically, record valuable information about the tornado's structure. To deploy TOTO, which weighed", "title": "TOtable Tornado Observatory" }, { "id": "2888749", "text": "Walshe, and Clara Blandick, Terry (billed as Toto), and Singer's Midgets as the Munchkins. Legendary for its use of Technicolor, fantasy storytelling, musical score and memorable characters, the film has become an icon of American popular culture. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, but lost to \"Gone with the Wind\". It did win in two other categories: Best Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow\" and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart. While the film was considered a critical success upon release in August 1939, it failed to make a profit for MGM until the 1949 re-release,", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "7581085", "text": "Wizard of Oz\", “picking out whatever tricks or mannerisms Toto was supposed to have” and trained Terry accordingly. Spitz also trained Buck, the St. Bernard from the movie \"Call of the Wild\", starring Clark Gable. Spitz would later go on to become the man responsible for setting up America's WWII War-Dog Program. He died in 1976, in Los Angeles County, California at the age of 82 and was buried in Glendale's Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery. Carl Spitz Carl Spitz (August 26, 1894 – September 15, 1976) was a Hollywood dog trainer, most famous for owning and training the Cairn", "title": "Carl Spitz" }, { "id": "3281300", "text": "owning the following dog breeds: Akita Inu, Alangu Mastiff, Alano Español, American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Argentine Dogo, Bedlington Terrier, Boston Terrier, Bull and Terrier, Bull Terrier, Bully Kutta, Cane Corso, Dogue de Bordeaux, Dogo Sardesco, English Mastiff, Fila Brasileiro, Gull Dong, Gull Terrier, Irish Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Korean Jindo Dog, Lottatore Brindisino, Neapolitan Mastiff, Perro de Presa Canario, Perro de Presa Mallorquin, Shar Pei, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Tosa Inu. In \"Toledo v. Tellings\" – Reversed – 871 N.E.2d 1152 (Ohio, 2007), the Ohio Sixth District Court of Appeal struck down a portion of the Toledo, Ohio, municipal", "title": "Breed-specific legislation" }, { "id": "1294231", "text": "Munchkin cat The Munchkin or Sausage Cat is a new breed of cat characterized by its very short legs, which are caused by a genetic mutation. Much controversy erupted over the breed when it was recognized by The International Cat Association in 1995 with critics voicing concern over potential health and mobility issues. The name \"munchkin\" derives from writer L. Frank Baum's diminutive inhabitants of Munchkin Country, originating in the 1900 novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". Short-legged cats have been documented a number of times around the world since the 1940s. A British veterinary report in 1944 noted four", "title": "Munchkin cat" }, { "id": "3082701", "text": "the 1939 screen adaptation of \"The Wizard of Oz,\" was a brindle Cairn terrier. Due to the identification of the State of Kansas with the original story \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz,\" a resident of Wichita has begun a drive to make the Cairn terrier the official dog of Kansas. Terry also had a role in the Shirley Temple film \"Bright Eyes,\" and 12 other films. Cairn Terrier The Cairn Terrier is one of the oldest terrier breeds, originating in the Scottish Highlands and recognized as one of Scotland's earliest working dogs. The breed was given the name Cairn, because", "title": "Cairn Terrier" }, { "id": "2895714", "text": "Patchwork Girl of Oz\", Dorothy specifies that he cannot speak because he is not a fairy dog. However, in \"Ozma of Oz\", the chicken Billina acquires speech merely by being swept to the lands near Oz, and in \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\", the same is true of the kitten Eureka and the cab horse Jim when reaching the land of Mangaboos, a similarly magical land. In \"Tik-Tok of Oz\", Baum restored the continuity: Toto can speak, and always could, but never bothered to, because it was unnecessary. An additional inconsistency is introduced with \"Tik-Tok of Oz\": Hank the", "title": "Land of Oz" }, { "id": "7239052", "text": "large cast before the camera, and it is unlikely that they will all ever be identified. Michael Patrick Hearn emphasizes that this cast list is not contemporary with the film and may have no basis in fact. The character Imogene the Cow did not appear in the novel. The cow was used as a replacement for Toto the dog in the stage musical. Many of the costumes and much of the make-up in this film, though notably, not of the Tin Woodman, resemble those used in the 1902 Broadway musical \"The Wizard of Oz\". (None of the songs in the", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)" }, { "id": "2756085", "text": "and Jeff graduated. With the addition of former S.S. Fools singer Bobby Kimball, the group began to work on their first album in 1976 after signing with Columbia Records. Once the band came together, David Paich began composing what would become the eponymous debut album, Toto. According to popular myth, at the first recording sessions, in order to distinguish their own demo tapes from other bands' in the studio, Jeff Porcaro wrote the word \"Toto\" on them. In the early 1980s, band members told the press that the band was named after Toto the dog from \"The Wizard of Oz\".", "title": "Toto (band)" }, { "id": "8155665", "text": "this piece. It was not mentioned in the original novel, though it is mentioned in \"Ozma of Oz\" (1907). The main plot of the show, as recounted in newspapers of the time, is Pastoria's attempts to regain the throne from the Wizard of Oz. The original protagonists' search for the Wizard puts them on the wrong side of the law. A young girl named Dorothy Gale lives on the great Kansas prairies with her Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, and little dog, Toto. One day, while she is playing with her pet cow Imogene, a fierce whirlwind appears. Dorothy and Toto", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)" }, { "id": "5093530", "text": "Boq Boq is a minor character in \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" by L. Frank Baum. He becomes a more prominent character in Gregory Maguire's 1995 novel \"\", which purports to show the lives of some of Baum's characters from another perspective, and more prominent still in the Broadway musical \"Wicked\" which is based on Maguire's novel. In Baum's \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", Boq is a rich Munchkin man who lives in the eastern quadrant called Munchkin Country in the Land of Oz. He gladly provides shelter for Dorothy and her dog Toto on their first night in Oz", "title": "Boq" }, { "id": "5476602", "text": "dull black. Maintenance of the coat is usually minimal. This breed originated in the second half of the nineteenth century. The breed started from the native Shikoku-Inu, an indigenous dog weighing about 25 kilograms (45 pounds) and standing about 55 centimetres high. These dogs were crossed with European dog breeds, such as the Old English Bulldog in 1872, Mastiff in 1874, St. Bernard, German Pointer in 1876, Great Dane in 1924, and the Bull Terrier. The aim was to breed a larger, more powerful dog. The heyday of Tosa breeding was between 1924 and 1933, when it was said that", "title": "Tosa (dog)" }, { "id": "20071373", "text": "bravery and farm girl feistiness. And whether it’s magic, Munchkins, flying monkeys or her arch-nemesis Wilhelmina, the wicked witch-in-training and niece of the Wicked Witch of the West, Dorothy is ready to track down and put a stop to any problem that comes Oz’s way with help from her dog Toto and their friends Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion. At the start of the second season, the Wizard of Oz ends up back in Oz after getting mixed up in another tornado. Now that he has returned at last, he plots to make himself into a real wizard by", "title": "Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "12306799", "text": "the book for the adaptation. This hews even more closely to the film's screenplay than the 1945 MUNY version and attempts to recreate the film's atmosphere and some of its special effects. A young girl, Dorothy Gale, lives on a farm in Kansas with her Aunt Em, Uncle Henry and little dog Toto. Feeling unappreciated, she dreams of a far away place (\"Over the Rainbow\"). Miss Gulch, their unpleasant neighbor, serves Dorothy with a summons to take Toto away. He escapes from her bicycle basket, and Dorothy runs away from home with him. On the road, they find a showman,", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)" }, { "id": "11060452", "text": "Sarah Wright, Editor of \"Your Dog\"; James Christopher, Film Critic from \"The Times\"; and Caroline Kisko, Kennel Club Secretary are among the panel. Walk of Fame (dogs) The Walk of Fame is a planned tribute to famous dogs in London, England. The initial six inductees will be announced in November 2007. The honours are sponsored by The Kennel Club and television channel Sky Movies. Candidates include Lassie, Toto from \"The Wizard of Oz\", cartoon dog Gromit, and Tintin's companion, Snowy. Some of the candidates are fictional and some are no longer living. There are 15 dogs being considered. The tribute", "title": "Walk of Fame (dogs)" }, { "id": "655405", "text": "the West End. Following the opening of \"Love Never Dies\", Lloyd Webber again began a search for a new musical theatre performer in the BBC One series \"Over the Rainbow\". He cast the winner, Danielle Hope, in the role of Dorothy, and a dog to play Toto in his forthcoming stage production of \"The Wizard of Oz\". He and lyricist and composer Tim Rice wrote a number of new songs for the production to supplement the songs from the film. On 1 March 2011, \"The Wizard of Oz\" opened at The Palladium Theatre, starring Danielle Hope as Dorothy and Michael", "title": "Andrew Lloyd Webber" }, { "id": "4588192", "text": "a singer somewhere beyond her small Kansas town. Swept up by a tornado, in her trailer home with pet prawn Toto, she lands in Oz and embarks on a journey to meet the Wizard who can help make her dreams come true. The film was co-produced by The Muppets Studio, Touchstone Television, and Fox Television Studios, in association with The Jim Henson Company. Right after Disney bought the rights to The Muppets in 2004, pre-production on \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\" took place throughout February 2004, and filming occurred during September 2004. ABC made several changes to the film after", "title": "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "14226878", "text": "(2009) is an eight-issue comic book limited series adapting the L. Frank Baum novel of the same name. The series was written by Eric Shanower with art by Skottie Young and published by Marvel Comics. When Kansas farm girl Dorothy Gale and her pet dog Toto are swept away to the magical Land of Oz in a cyclone, she fatally flattens the Wicked Witch of the East, liberates a talking Scarecrow, meets a Tin Woodman, a Cowardly Lion and is hailed by everyone as a great sorceress! But all Dorothy really wants to know is: how does she get back", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (comics)" }, { "id": "2316724", "text": "relative. (It is also possible that \"Aunt\" and \"Uncle\" are affectionate terms of a foster family and that Dorothy is not related to either of them, although Zeb in \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\" claims to be Dorothy's second cousin, related through Aunt Em. Little mention is made of what happened to Dorothy's birth parents, other than a passing reference to her mother being dead.) Along with her small black dog, Toto, Dorothy is swept away by a tornado to the Land of Oz and, much like Alice of \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", they enter an alternative world filled", "title": "Dorothy Gale" }, { "id": "6771819", "text": "1951 census was 321 living in 69 different houses at Totopara. In 1991 census, the Toto population had increased to 926 who lived in 180 different houses. In the 2001 census, their number had increased to 1184 - all living in Totopara. Anthropologists agree that the Toto culture and language is totally unique to the tribe, and is clearly distinguished from the neighbouring Rajbongshis, Koch, Mech or the Bhutanese Sharchop tribes. The Totos are considered as Mongoloid people, with flat nose, small eye, broad and square cheeks, thick lips and small eyes and black iris. Their complexion is rather on", "title": "Toto people" }, { "id": "2895716", "text": "better niche as a visual comedy character, in the tradition of British pantomime. The part of Hank was also an analog to the part of Dorothy's cow Imogene, Toto's replacement on stage in the immensely successful 1903 Broadway version of \"The Wizard of Oz\", a success that Baum sought to duplicate for the rest of his life. There is one small kingdom in Oz where animals are unable to talk: Corumbia. A legend of uncertain validity is that when relating bedtime stories (the earliest form of the Oz books) Baum was asked by his niece, Ramona Baxter Bowden, the name", "title": "Land of Oz" }, { "id": "3867829", "text": "pig was once a feral landrace on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Landrace chicken varieties include: Landrace duck varieties include: Landrace goose varieties include: Note: Many standardized breeds named \"Landrace\", e.g. the Twente Landrace goose, are not actually true landrace breeds, but may be derived from them. Landrace A landrace is a domesticated, locally adapted, traditional variety of a species of animal or plant that has developed over time, through adaptation to its natural and cultural environment of agriculture and pastoralism, and due to isolation from other populations of the species. Landraces are generally distinguished from cultivars, and from breeds in", "title": "Landrace" }, { "id": "12891612", "text": "unsuited to being a professional guard dog, but its temperament has also made it the third-most popular family dog breed (by registration) in the United States, the fifth-most popular in Brazil and Australia, and the eighth-most popular in the United Kingdom. Golden Retrievers are rarely choosy eaters, but require ample (two or more hours a day) exercise. The breed is fond of play but also highly trainable. The Golden Retriever is a large, strongly built breed with a dense, water-repellant wavy coat. As a dog with origins in pedigree breeding, and owing to its widespread historical popularity, some regional variations", "title": "Golden Retriever" }, { "id": "804744", "text": "lavish musicals and glitzy dramas – the expensive production features expansive and stylised sets to create its gritty world and its style is more in keeping with the social issue films associated with Warner Brothers, such as \"I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang\". The part of Wilson's dog Rainbow was played by Terry, the same Cairn Terrier who played Toto in \"The Wizard of Oz\". Lang originally wanted to make a movie about a black victim of a lynching. However, this was not allowed by MGM. The kiss scene at the end – a typical Hollywood \"happy ending\"", "title": "Fury (1936 film)" }, { "id": "11795138", "text": "a seemingly normal alleyway in Mara's hometown), causing her to follow him in an attempt to get both him and her glove back. Unfortunately, after doing so, she could not find the way back home, and she and Toto were taken in by Selluriah. Toto has a habit of barking ferociously at any and all who annoy him, up to and including a dangerous “pig bear”, Tail, an assassin, Tick Tock, a flock of bats, and the Seven Dwarfs. \"Codename: Scarecrow (“Huhsuabee”).\" Abee is one of several clones created to be the Witch of the West's “secret weapon”. Unlike the", "title": "Dorothy of Oz (manhwa)" }, { "id": "2888752", "text": "Gulch, who then obtains an order for Toto to be euthanized. She takes Toto away on her bicycle, but he escapes and returns to Dorothy, who decides to run away from home to save her dog. They meet Professor Marvel, a kindly fortune teller who uses his crystal ball to make Dorothy believe that Aunt Em may be dying of a broken heart. Dorothy races home, arriving just as a powerful tornado strikes. Locked out of the farm's storm cellar, she seeks shelter in her bedroom. Wind-blown debris knocks her unconscious and the house is sent spinning in the air.", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2895713", "text": "Oz\" a hungry Jaguar tries to eat a live monkey, suggesting that occasionally (among non-human animals, at least) animal flesh is preferred to that of plants. In Oz, animals such as the Cowardly Lion and the Hungry Tiger can talk, and all native animals appear to be capable of speech. \"\" emphasized the difference between Animals and animals. Animals (capitalized) are sentient beings that can talk. Several theories exist as to how animals gained the gift of speech. The treatment of non-native animals was inconsistent. In the first book, the dog Toto never speaks, although brought to Oz; in \"The", "title": "Land of Oz" }, { "id": "1622065", "text": "of 2018. In L. Frank Baum's original novel, \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900), on which the film is based, Dorothy wears Silver Shoes. However, the color of the shoes was changed to red in order to take full advantage of the new Technicolor film process being used in big-budget Hollywood films of that era. Film screenwriter Noel Langley is credited with the idea. In the MGM film, an adolescent farm girl named Dorothy (played by Judy Garland), her dog Toto, and their farmhouse are swept away from Kansas by a tornado and taken to the magical Land of Oz.", "title": "Ruby slippers" }, { "id": "2890423", "text": "believed by some to be canine actor \"Terry\" (\"Toto\" from \"The Wizard of Oz\"). In fact, it is Bogart's own dog, Zero. In the final scene, Buster Wiles, a stunt performer, plays Roy's corpse. His hand is filled with biscuits to encourage Pard to lick Roy's hand. Many key shots of the movie were filmed on location in the Sierra Nevada. In a climactic scene, Bogart's character slid down a mountainside to his just reward. His stunt double, Wiles, bounced a few times going down the mountain and wanted another take to do better. \"Forget it,\" said Raoul Walsh. \"It's", "title": "High Sierra (film)" }, { "id": "4588197", "text": "Toto discover that they are in Munchkinland, a small town part of the vast Land of Oz. After discussing her situation with the town's people, the Munchkins (played by Rizzo the Rat and the other rats), she learns that the land's ruler the Wizard, has the power to grant her wish of becoming a famous singer. She meets the Good Witch of the North (Miss Piggy), and receives a pair of magic silver slippers from the Wicked Witch of the East (Miss Piggy), the Witch of the North's sister who was killed when Dorothy's trailer fell on her. Soon after,", "title": "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "4588196", "text": "demo CD that she created beforehand. In returning home, the civil defense sirens sound as a tornado is headed for Dorothy's trailer park. When Aunt Em and Uncle Henry run into the county storm shelter for safety, Dorothy hurries back to her family's mobile home to get Toto, her pet prawn. She does not make it out in time, and the two are swept by the tornado across the vast fields of Kansas. When Dorothy climbs out of the wreckage, she finds that Toto (Pepé the King Prawn) can talk and that she is no longer in Kansas. Dorothy and", "title": "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "17107123", "text": "the dogs who have played the role of Toto from the iconic story about The Wizard of Oz. In February 2016, the a cappella group Voctave released the video \"Disney Love Medley\" which featured Maldonado and her fiance Jeremy Michael Lewis. In the video, Maldonado and Lewis perform the songs \"I See the Light\" from \"Tangled\", \"You'll Be in My Heart\" from \"Tarzan\" and \"Go the Distance\" from \"Hercules\" with the members of Voctave providing the backing vocals. In May 2016, Maldonado, along with Grassi and Hoying, appeared in an episode of \"Bones\" titled \"The Strike in the Chord\". Maldonado", "title": "Kirstin Maldonado" }, { "id": "2254722", "text": "Gale is at home in Kansas one day, she and her pet dog Toto meet the Shaggy Man who comes walking past the Gale farm. He is a friendly, yet slightly senile hobo with an optimistic, care free mentality. He politely asks Dorothy for directions to Butterfield, which is the nearest town on the prairie. The girl agrees to show him the way, bringing her dog with her. Further on, the road splits into seven paths. They take the seventh one and soon find themselves lost in what appears to be another dimension. The trio meets Button-Bright, a cute and", "title": "The Road to Oz" }, { "id": "6859180", "text": "to manage for a private keeper, she was leased to the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus as a potential mate for another gorilla, Gargantua, a.k.a. Buddy. Toto died in 1968. Toto is buried at \"Sandy Lane\" Kennels Pet Cemetery in Sarasota, Florida. Toto (gorilla) Toto (1931–1968) (a.k.a. M'Toto meaning \"Little Child\" in Swahili) was a gorilla that was adopted and raised very much like a human child. A. Maria Hoyt adopted the baby female gorilla orphaned by a hunt in French Equatorial Africa in 1931. Mrs. Hoyt's husband killed the baby gorilla's father for a museum piece, and", "title": "Toto (gorilla)" }, { "id": "9337354", "text": "Hal Rayle Hal Rayle (born January 3, 1955) is an American voice actor. He has done many roles for both animated series and live action movies. Rayle has had a number of voice acting jobs over his career. Rayle's animated series roles include Miss Piggy, Gonzo & Animal for the \"Little Muppet Monsters\". Raphael in \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\", The Tin Man in \"The Wizard of Oz\" television series, Einstein the Dog and 65 other voices in Universal Animation's \"Back to the Future\", The Riddler's #1 in \"\", The Ant in \"The Ant and the Aardvark\", Inspector Clouseau in \"The", "title": "Hal Rayle" }, { "id": "11231254", "text": "by Carl W. Stalling. The film was originally made in Technicolor, but because it was made without proper licensing from the Technicolor Corporation (which limited use of its 3-strip process to Disney), it never received a theatrical release. A tornado sweeps through the plains of Kansas, lifting Dorothy and Toto. The two tumble into Oz, landing on the Scarecrow. After freeing him from his pole, the trio stroll together, soon finding a Tin Woodman and oiling him. After the four watch mating rituals of various animals set to strains of Camille Saint-Saëns's \"The Swan\", they are welcomed into the Emerald", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)" }, { "id": "11060449", "text": "Walk of Fame (dogs) The Walk of Fame is a planned tribute to famous dogs in London, England. The initial six inductees will be announced in November 2007. The honours are sponsored by The Kennel Club and television channel Sky Movies. Candidates include Lassie, Toto from \"The Wizard of Oz\", cartoon dog Gromit, and Tintin's companion, Snowy. Some of the candidates are fictional and some are no longer living. There are 15 dogs being considered. The tribute is not the first to honour dogs. The Hollywood Walk of Fame includes three dogs, Lassie, Rin Tin Tin, and Strongheart. Laika, a", "title": "Walk of Fame (dogs)" }, { "id": "11165251", "text": "Cormo The Cormo is an Australian breed of sheep developed in Tasmania by crossing Corriedale rams with superfine Saxon Merino ewes in the early 1960s. The name Cormo is derived from the names of two of the parent breeds, Corriedale and Merino. The breed was fixed through intense selection criteria, assessed by objective measurement. Cormo sheep have a polled, open face, are possessed of a fast-growing, medium frame carrying a fleece of about 18 to 23 microns in diameter. High fertility is an attribute, too. The breed is mostly found in the south eastern states of Australia. Cormos have also", "title": "Cormo" }, { "id": "12958512", "text": "be in upcoming adventures of the series. There is no specification of why the series was ended. The manga's American release was favorably reviewed by Deb Aoki of About Entertainment. Since the manga is a parody of the Wizard of Oz, there are many parallels to the original story. For example, the name of the main character, Kakashi, is Japanese for \"Scarecrow\" and the name of the cowardly performer, Noil, is \"Lion\" spelled backwards. Toto!: The Wonderful Adventure The series is licensed for an English language release in North America by Del Rey Manga, which began releasing the individual volumes", "title": "Toto!: The Wonderful Adventure" }, { "id": "12958508", "text": "dead. He is so determined to leave his little island home behind, that he stows away on board a marvelous zeppelin. Unknown to him, this zeppelin just happens to be loaded with treasure and is hijacked by a gang of ruthless criminals known as the Man Chicken Family. There he meets a small puppy which harbors magical powers. Kakashi befriends the puppy despite it being unknown to him. After being discovered by the gang that has hijacked the Zeppelin, he befriends their leader. He arrives in the main continent of \"Oz\", where he begins his travels after the Zeppelin is", "title": "Toto!: The Wonderful Adventure" }, { "id": "3079033", "text": "As Baum repeatedly mentions, Tik-Tok is not alive and feels no emotions. He therefore can no more love or be loved than a sewing machine, but as a servant he is utterly truthful and loyal. He describes himself as a \"slave\" to Dorothy and defers to her. Tik-Tok was invented by Smith & Tinker at their workshop in Evna. He was the only model of his kind made before the two disappeared. He was purchased by the king of Ev, Evoldo, who gave him the name Tik-Tok because of the sound he made when wound. The cruel king also whipped", "title": "Tik-Tok (Oz)" }, { "id": "5476603", "text": "there were more than 5,000 Tosa breeders in Japan. Ownership of Tosas is legally restricted in certain jurisdictions. In the United Kingdom ownership is regulated under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, and in Trinidad & Tobago under the Dog Control Act 2014. A specific exemption of a British court is required to own and import Tosas legally in the UK. Some insurance companies will not insure homes with dog breeds deemed dangerous. The breed is banned or legally restricted at a national level in: Tosa (dog) The is a breed of dog of Japanese origin that is considered rare. It", "title": "Tosa (dog)" }, { "id": "8664015", "text": "Duroc pig The Duroc pig is an older breed of domestic pig. The breed was developed in the United States and formed the basis for many mixed-breed commercial hogs. Duroc pigs are reddish-brown, large-framed, medium length, and muscular, with partially-drooping ears. They tend to be one of the least aggressive of all swine breeds raised for meat. The breed, one of several red pig strains which developed around 1800 in New England, originated in Africa. One theory is that the pigs were imported from the Guinea coast of Africa at the time of the slave trade. Another suggestion is that", "title": "Duroc pig" }, { "id": "15307027", "text": "and during their quest they meet a rag-tag group of animals from across the world: a polar bear named Sushi, a kangaroo named Toby, a Tasmanian devil named Smiley, two Galápagos tortoises named Winifred and Winston, a rooster named Charles, and a chimpanzee named Toto, all of whom have had their lives ruined by humans in some way and have travelled to Africa. The animals soon discover the reason for the lack of water in the Delta: a dam has been constructed to supply energy for a luxury resort owned by a man named Mr. Smith. Hunter, a poacher, kidnaps", "title": "Animals United" }, { "id": "8547736", "text": "Lois January Lois January (October 5, 1913 – August 7, 2006) was an American actress who performed small roles in several B-movies during the 1930s. Lois also had a secondary part in the Wizard Of Oz, towards the end of the movie, holding a Siamese cat in her arms. Toto jumps out of the basket of the hot air balloon that was supposed to take him, Dorothy and the Wizard away from the Land of Oz. Born in McAllen, Texas as Laura Lois January, she \"was prodded into show business by her mother, whom Lois described as 'pushy.'\" January attended", "title": "Lois January" }, { "id": "11231255", "text": "City. Suits of armor sing to them, \"Hail to the Wizard of Oz! To the Wizard of Oz we lead the way!\" A creature resembling the A-B-Sea Serpent of \"The Royal Book of Oz\" extends itself as stairsteps for Dorothy to enter the coach. The Wizard is a cackling white-bearded man in a starry black robe and conical hat who produces custom seats for each of the four nervous travelers, including one for Toto (the Toto chair is mostly cut out of the frame in most video versions, but is later shown in a full shot of Toto sitting). He", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)" }, { "id": "5379572", "text": "John Pinette John Paul Pinette ( ) (March 23, 1964 – April 5, 2014) was an American actor, Broadway performer, and stand-up comedian. He toured the comedy club circuit beginning in the 1980s and appeared in cinema and on television. Besides stand-up, Pinette did impressions of The Chipmunks, Elvis Presley, Gollum from \"The Lord of the Rings\", Hervé Villechaize (Tattoo from \"Fantasy Island\"), an Ewok, actor Marlon Brando (notably Brando's role in \"The Godfather)\", as well as various ethnic accents. He occasionally sang, for example \"Over the Rainbow\" from \"The Wizard of Oz\", \"Will You Be There\" from \"Free Willy\",", "title": "John Pinette" }, { "id": "16503499", "text": "Sailor Prince. \"The 3 hairs of the Devil\" tells the story of Tomasin, a young man of humble background, which a seer had a presentiment that he would marry the daughter of the king, who must perform a series of tests to avoid death, and marriage the princess is accepted by the king. \"The Wizard of Oz\" tells the story of Sylvia, a girl who get lost in the woods with her dog Toto, and along with her friends The Scarecrow, The Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion, have been snatched the brain, heart and courage, respectively. They go the", "title": "Fantasia 3" }, { "id": "5476601", "text": "Tosa (dog) The is a breed of dog of Japanese origin that is considered rare. It was originally bred in Tosa (present day Kōchi) as a fighting dog and still is today. The Tosa varies considerably in size, with the Japanese-bred dogs tending to be about half the size of those bred outside the country. The Japanese breed generally weighs between , while the non-Japanese breeders have focused on dogs that weigh from and stand at the withers. The coat is characterized by its short and smooth appearance and is often red, brindle, fawn or occasionally it can be a", "title": "Tosa (dog)" }, { "id": "2566290", "text": "\"The Patchwork Girl of Oz\" (based on the book of the same name). This film stars American actress Violet MacMillan as Ojo, and was produced by Baum. The 1939 movie musical \"The Wizard of Oz\" was loosely based on Baum's novel. Notable differences of the munchkins include their country name of Munchkinland, and their clothes of many colors instead of an all-blue attire. In the musical the Munchkins are mostly portrayed by adult actors with dwarfism, but a few average-sized children were also included as background extras. In the musical, the Munchkins first appear when Dorothy and Toto arrive in", "title": "Munchkin" }, { "id": "8155664", "text": "is mentioned but does not appear in this version, and Toto is replaced by a cow named Imogene. An element from the show – the snowfall caused by the Good Witch of the North, which defeats the spell of the poppies that had put Dorothy and the Cowardly Lion to sleep – was later used in the classic 1939 movie. Other new characters in the piece are King Pastoria II and his girlfriend, Trixie Tryfle (a waitress), Cynthia Cynch (a lady lunatic), Sir Dashemoff Daily (the poet laureate), Sir Wiley Gyle, and General Riskitt. Dorothy Gale's surname was introduced in", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)" }, { "id": "654676", "text": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz The Wonderful Wizard of Oz () is an American children's novel written by author L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900. It has since seen several reprints, most often under the title The Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular 1902 Broadway musical adaptation as well as the iconic 1939 musical film adaptation. The story chronicles the adventures of a young farm girl named Dorothy in the magical Land of Oz, after she and her pet", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "15020799", "text": "of the West. Durack and Rix previously portrayed Glinda and Elphaba respectively in the Australian production of \"Wicked\". Orphaned teenager Dorothy Gale lives on a farm in Kansas with her Aunt Em, Uncle Henry and dog Toto, but feels misunderstood (\"Nobody Understands Me\"). The unpleasant Miss Gulch threatens to call the sheriff after Toto bites her leg. Dorothy wants to escape to a nicer place, somewhere (\"Over the Rainbow\"). She runs away from the farm and meets Professor Marvel, who tells her all about (\"The Wonders of the World\"). They are interrupted by a twister, and Dorothy runs home for", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)" }, { "id": "9432227", "text": "schoolteacher named Dorothy Gale lives with her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry. Extremely introverted, she is teased by Aunt Em for never having been south of 125th Street, as she has delayed moving out to start her own, independent life as an adult. While Dorothy cleans up after the meal, her dog, Toto, runs out the open kitchen door into a violent snowstorm. She succeeds in retrieving him but finds herself trapped in the storm. A magical whirlwind made of snowthe work of Glinda, the Good Witch of the South – materializes and transports them to the realm of Oz.", "title": "The Wiz (film)" }, { "id": "14112446", "text": "Guinea hog The Guinea hog, also called the pineywoods Guinea, Guinea forest hog, acorn eater, and yard pig, is a breed of domestic pig originating in the United States. Despite its name, the breed is not from the country of Guinea, though the foundation stock is thought to be derived from West Africa. The Guinea hog is a rare breed with a black coat, sturdy body, curly tail and upright ears. Guinea hogs are small pigs compared to modern breeds; they weigh less than 200 pounds and will yield 50 to 100 pounds of meat and fat. They are good", "title": "Guinea hog" }, { "id": "8853389", "text": "Breton horse The Breton is a breed of draft horse. It was developed in Brittany, a province in northwest France, from native ancestral stock dating back thousands of years. The Breton was created through the crossbreeding of many different European and Oriental breeds. In 1909, a stud book was created, and in 1951 it was officially closed. The breed is often chestnut in color, and is strong and muscular. There are three distinct subtypes of the Breton, each coming from a different area of Brittany. The Corlay Breton is the smallest type, and is generally used for light draft and", "title": "Breton horse" }, { "id": "4588198", "text": "she embarks on a journey with Toto on the yellow brick road to meet the Wizard of Oz, who lives in the Emerald City, the capital of Oz. On her journey, she meets three creatures: a Scarecrow (Kermit), a Tin Thing (Gonzo), and a Cowardly Lion (Fozzie). They are also seeking the Wizard of Oz to give them a brain, heart, and courage, respectively. The group meets various obstacles involving a deep gorge where the Kalidah Critics (Statler and Waldorf) are heckling them and a Poppy Field Club run by Clifford which nearly puts them to sleep. After arriving at", "title": "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "3486407", "text": "the differences that separate the false potto from the potto are a result of an anomalous specimen being used as the holotype which may have been a potto. The Central- and South American kinkajou (\"Potos flavus\") and olingos (\"Bassaricyon\" sp.) are similar in appearance and behavior to African pottos, and were formerly classified with them (hence \"Potos\"). Olingos and kinkajous are now known to be members of the raccoon family. The potto grows to a length of 30 to 39 cm, with a short (3 to 10 cm) tail, and its weight varies from . The close, woolly fur is", "title": "Potto" }, { "id": "14151298", "text": "Over the Rainbow (2010 TV series) Over the Rainbow is a British television talent series that aired on BBC One from 26 March to 22 May 2010. It documented the search for a new, undiscovered musical theatre performer to play the role of Dorothy Gale in Andrew Lloyd Webber's 2011 stage production of the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\" and a dog to play Toto for a one-off performance. Produced by Talkback Thames for the BBC, the series was presented by Graham Norton. It followed previous collaborations between the BBC and Lloyd Webber to find new musical theatre performers:", "title": "Over the Rainbow (2010 TV series)" }, { "id": "13552520", "text": "documented parentage including a sire and dam registered with the PtHA itself, or as one of the following breeds: American Paint Horse, Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, Arabian horse, National Show Horse, Morgan horse, American Saddlebred, Standardbred horse, Missouri Fox Trotter, Tennessee Walking Horse, Andalusian horse, Lusitano, Hanoverian, Holsteiner, Trakehner, Westphalian, and Oldenburg. No horses or ponies with draft horse ancestors or characteristics, or those of the Appaloosa breed (leopard complex) are permitted. Pinto horses can be any of the major physical conformation types. For competition purposes, horses and ponies registered with the PtHA are classified by their heights and their type.", "title": "Pinto Horse Association of America" }, { "id": "13387355", "text": "the band Weezer recorded a cover version in 2018 that peaked at number 51 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number one on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart. In the U.S., the single was initially certified gold by the RIAA in 1991. However, since its renewed popularity, sales of both the original Toto single and the Weezer cover have surged, with the original single certified platinum in 2017, and most recently 4x Platinum in October 2018. The initial idea and lyrics for the song came from David Paich. Jeff Porcaro explains the idea behind the song: \"A white boy is", "title": "Africa (Toto song)" }, { "id": "15180737", "text": "numerous witches. In addition to \"Evening Star\", \"Song Macabre\" and \"Ghost Dance\" are added to the Harold Arlen score. The song \"The Jitterbug\", which was cut from the film, is inserted instead of the poppy field scene. There is no Toto, Miss Gulch, Professor Marvel, Winkies, Flying Monkeys or magic shoes. This version of the script is still sometimes used, but it has been largely usurped by John Kane's 1987 version, which adheres more faithfully to the film. According to actor Kurt Raymond, who has performed in both The Muny and 1987 versions, the Muny's adaptation contains \"humor that is", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1942 musical)" }, { "id": "20071372", "text": "Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" and its subsequent books, as well as its 1939 film adaptation. The series debuted on Boomerang SVOD on June 29, 2017. The series was picked up for a second and third season. After the Wicked Witch of the West was melted by water, Queen Ozma has appointed Dorothy Gale the Princess of Emerald City. With her feet firmly grounded in her ruby slippers, Dorothy tackles her royal duties with enthusiasm,", "title": "Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "7141959", "text": "tall and weighing 600 to 650 kg. Good legs and feet allow extensive foraging. Promotion of this breed and technical resources to manage it are the goals of the \"Asociación Criadores de Holando-Argentino\" (\"ACHA\", Holando-Argentino Breeders Association), founded in 1944. Holando-Argentino Holando-Argentino is a breed of cattle primarily found in Argentina, and derived from Holstein-Friesian Cattle. It was first introduced from the Netherlands in 1880, to the fertile regions of the Pampas, and devoted to the production of both beef and milk. Holando-Argentino cattle can be now found in the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba and Entre", "title": "Holando-Argentino" }, { "id": "8853403", "text": "to gather seaweed. It is also bred for meat production; horse meat is a dietary staple in many European countries, including France, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland. Breton horse The Breton is a breed of draft horse. It was developed in Brittany, a province in northwest France, from native ancestral stock dating back thousands of years. The Breton was created through the crossbreeding of many different European and Oriental breeds. In 1909, a stud book was created, and in 1951 it was officially closed. The breed is often chestnut in color, and is strong and muscular. There are three distinct subtypes", "title": "Breton horse" }, { "id": "1501840", "text": "Totò Antonio Griffo Focas Flavio Angelo Ducas Comneno Porfirogenito Gagliardi De Curtis di Bisanzio (15 February 1898 – 15 April 1967), best known by his stage name Totò () or simply as Antonio De Curtis, and nicknamed \"il Principe della risata\" (\"the Prince of laughter\"), is commonly referred to as the most popular Italian comedian of all time. He was a film and stage actor as well as a writer, singer and songwriter. He is best known for his funny and sometimes cynical character as a comedian in theatre and then in many successful films shot from the 1940s to", "title": "Totò" }, { "id": "5318887", "text": "of being a loyal pet and guard dog. Antonio Martinez picked the Cordoba Fighting Dog to be the base for the breed. This breed is extinct today, but it was said that as a large and ferocious dog, it was a great hunter. Martinez crossed it with the Great Dane, Boxer, Spanish Mastiff, Old English Bulldog, Bull Terrier, Pyrenean Mastiff, Pointer, Irish Wolfhound and Dogue de Bordeaux. Nores Martinez continued to develop the breed via selective breeding to introduce the desired traits. Dogos are big-game hunters and are also trained for search and rescue, police assistance, service dogs, guide for", "title": "Dogo Argentino" }, { "id": "16505357", "text": "in the 1939 film), but instead searched for a dog that embodies the spirit of Toto: One that is a \"bright fun loving companion full of energy and charisma\". The winner was a small mixed breed dog named Linzy, that looks similar to the film's Toto, owned by Reta Thompson. However, Linzy did not appear in the stage production. Ten contestants made it through the audition rounds and performed during the live shows. <nowiki>*</nowiki> at the start of the series Danielle Wade Stephanie La Rochelle AJ Bridel Colleen Furlan Cassandra Hodgins Jessie Munro Jennifer Gillis Julia Gartha Michelle Bouey Kelsey", "title": "Over the Rainbow (Canadian TV series)" }, { "id": "14112448", "text": "genetic influence of the Nigerian black or Ashanti pig. They were brought to America on slave ships. Around 1804, Thomas Jefferson acquired some of these pigs, which had arrived from Africa via the Canary Isles. The original strain, although basically black, also had a hint of red and were consequently called \"red Guineas\"; that strain, well known at the beginning of the 19th century, is extinct. Later they were crossed with other breeds, including Appalachian English pigs, Essex pigs, and West African dwarfs. This new breed, the American Guinea hog retained its black colour but lost the red tint and", "title": "Guinea hog" }, { "id": "7226193", "text": "Combai The kombai is a terriers like dog breed found in and around the Tamil Nadu state as well as bordering areas of the state of Kerala India. It is considered an extremely loyal, intelligent and powerful native breed. The Combai is usually tan or red brown mostly found with a black mask at muzzle, pendant, pricked ears and fairly square bodied dog where it's height and length are almost equal. Rear leg angulation is closely related to that of terrier and are highly energetic and loyal breed. Height for Combai is around 23-25\"for males although females are two inches", "title": "Combai" }, { "id": "14151301", "text": "commercial broadcaster ITV. Lloyd Webber later said that it was a scheduling clash solved by moving the series to later in the year. The BBC announced the commission of the series in September 2009 with the title \"The Wizard of Oz\"; it would search for a performer, cast by the public, to play Dorothy and a dog to play Toto. Following the announcement, Lloyd Webber told \"The Daily Telegraph\": A big sticking point for me, this was. This is what the BBC wanted and I had to point out to them that as a cat man, this was not something", "title": "Over the Rainbow (2010 TV series)" }, { "id": "16032681", "text": "Toto, meeting the Scarecrow who has no brain, the Tin Man who has no heart and the Cowardly Lion who has no courage. They make it to the Emerald City to meet the Wizard, who decides to grant their wishes on the condition they kill the Witch and bring back her broomstick. While walking through the haunted forest to get to the Witch's castle, Dorothy and Toto are captured by the Witch's flying monkeys, but are pursued by Tom, Jerry and the others. At the Witch's castle, the Witch puts Toto in a basket and threatens to drown him in", "title": "Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "19061526", "text": "franchise. Pepé appeared in fourteen episodes of \"Muppets Tonight\", proved a hit with audiences and has returned many times since. (His partner Seymour has never been seen again.) He has major roles in \"Muppets from Space\" (1999), \"It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie\" (2002), \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\" (2005) (where he co-stars as Toto), and \"\" (2008). He also appears in 2011's \"The Muppets\", though in keeping with that film's focus on the original \"Muppet Show\" cast, he has only a brief cameo role as Miss Piggy's dance partner. He appears in the 2014 film \"Muppets Most Wanted\".", "title": "Pepe the King Prawn" }, { "id": "2283042", "text": "Terriers are an easy dog breed to train. This results from their own nature to work without human assistance. They are naturally smart and quick to learn with many being food and or praise motivated. Because they were developed as a working breed many need a lot of both physical and mental stimulation—with both long walks/runs but also indoor games and training to keep their mind busy. They are known for being yappy, but many have reported that a contented Yorkie is a quiet one—that will happily curl up on your knee in the evening. However, they are all individuals,", "title": "Yorkshire Terrier" }, { "id": "1382306", "text": "Victor Fleming Victor Lonzo Fleming (February 23, 1889 – January 6, 1949) was an American film director, cinematographer, and producer. His most popular films were \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939), and \"Gone with the Wind\" (1939), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director. Fleming has those same two films listed in the top 10 of the American Film Institute's 2007 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list. Victor Fleming was born at the Banbury Ranch near what is now La Cañada Flintridge, California, the son of Eva (née Hartman) and William Richard Lonzo Fleming. He served in the photographic", "title": "Victor Fleming" }, { "id": "3087901", "text": "Charles Durning Charles Edward Durning (February 28, 1923 – December 24, 2012) was an American actor, with appearances in over 200 movies, television shows and plays. Durning's best-known films include \"The Sting\" (1973), \"Dog Day Afternoon\" (1975), \"Tootsie\" (1982), \"Dick Tracy\" (1990) and \"O Brother, Where Art Thou?\" (2000). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for both \"The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas\" (1982) and \"To Be or Not to Be\" (1983). Prior to his acting career, Durning was a WWII soldier decorated for valor in combat. Durning was born in Highland Falls, New York.", "title": "Charles Durning" } ]

[ "Yogi Berra" ]

[ { "id": "13049436", "text": "on World Series rings. The New York Yankees Museum, located in Yankee Stadium, has an exhibit with replicas of all Yankees' World Series rings, including the pocket watch given after the 1923 World Series. Yogi Berra won the most World Series rings with 10, as a player. Frankie Crosetti won 17 as a player and as a coach. Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center. World Series ring A World Series ring is an award given to Major League Baseball players who win the World Series. Since only one Commissioner's Trophy is awarded to the team, a World Series ring is", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "13049423", "text": "World Series ring A World Series ring is an award given to Major League Baseball players who win the World Series. Since only one Commissioner's Trophy is awarded to the team, a World Series ring is an individual award that players and staff of each World Series champion team get to keep for themselves to symbolize the victory. World Series rings are uniquely commissioned by the winning team each year and presented to deserving players and staff early in the next season. The rings have been made by companies that include Jostens, Tiffany & Co., Dieges & Clust, and L.G.", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "13049431", "text": "discretion. After the 2004 World Series, the Red Sox ordered over 500 rings; the Cardinals commissioned 400 rings in 2006; and the Kansas City Royals distributed about 700 rings after their 2015 title. Players who were only briefly on the team's roster during a championship season and those no longer affiliated with the winning team also often receive rings. Arthur Rhodes, Bengie Molina, and Lonnie Smith played in the World Series against a team they played for earlier in the season, guaranteeing them World Series rings regardless of the series outcome. As both the physical size and number of rings", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "13049430", "text": "Chicago Cubs each contain 108 diamonds around the bezel, one for each year that the team went without a championship, and also include an image of a goat on the inner band. Companies that have been commissioned to create World Series rings include Jostens, Tiffany & Co., Dieges & Clust, and the L.G. Balfour Company. Players typically receive their rings in pregame ceremonies early in the next season. Since the rings are commissioned by the team, many non-players affiliated with the team, including front office executives, coaches, scouts, broadcasters, locker room staff, and groundskeepers also receive rings at the team's", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "13049434", "text": "ring. Many players prefer to display their rings as trophies as opposed to wearing them. World Series rings are considered valuable sports memorabilia. In 2007, Casey Stengel's 1951 World Series ring sold for $180,000. When Lenny Dykstra went through bankruptcy in 2009, his 1986 World Series ring sold for $56,762.50 through Heritage Auctions, three times as much as was expected. Others have sold their rings on eBay. Doug Baker of the 1984 World Series champion Detroit Tigers had a new ring made after his original was stolen, and when he recovered the original ring, he sold it for $12,322. Cucho", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "13049432", "text": "given out has increased, teams have started producing both \"A\" and \"B\" versions, and sometimes \"C\" versions, that are similar in appearance but smaller in size and use cheaper materials. The most expensive \"A\" rings are typically reserved for full-time players, coaches, and executives, while bit players and other team employees receive the cheaper \"B\" and \"C\" rings. In modern years, the importance of World Series rings to players has increased. Alex Rodriguez said his 2009 World Series ring \"means the world\" to him, and that he would wear it daily. Sergio Romo of the 2010 World Series champion San", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "634710", "text": "Pete Rose Peter Edward Rose Sr. (born April 14, 1941), also known by his nickname \"Charlie Hustle\", is an American former professional baseball player and manager. Rose played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1963 to 1986, and managed from 1984 to 1989. Rose was a switch hitter and is the all-time MLB leader in hits (4,256), games played (3,562), at-bats (14,053), singles (3,215), and outs (10,328). He won three World Series rings, three batting titles, one Most Valuable Player Award, two Gold Gloves, and the Rookie of the Year Award, and also made 17 All-Star appearances at an unequaled", "title": "Pete Rose" }, { "id": "3953955", "text": "Lucchino serves on the Board of Directors for Special Olympics. He was named as the Commencement speaker for Boston University's 2008 graduating class, guest speaker at New England School of Law's 2008 graduation ceremony, Bryant University's Class of 2009, and the Anna Maria College Class of 2010. Lucchino is the only man known to have World Series rings (Orioles ’83, Red Sox ’04, ’07, and '13), a Super Bowl ring (Redskins ’82) and a Final Four watch (Princeton, ’65). He is a Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma survivor. Larry Lucchino Lawrence \"Larry\" Lucchino (born September 6, 1945) is the former president and CEO", "title": "Larry Lucchino" }, { "id": "450985", "text": "by Doyle Brunson, Johnny Chan, and Phil Ivey with ten bracelets each. Crandell Addington is the only player to place in the top ten of the World Series of Poker Main Event eight times, albeit in earlier years with small fields compared to modern times. Four players have won the Main Event multiple times: Johnny Moss (1970, 1971, and 1974), Doyle Brunson (1976 and 1977), Stu Ungar (1980, 1981, and 1997) and Johnny Chan (1987 and 1988). Bracelet winners who first achieved fame in other fields include French actor/singer Patrick Bruel (in 1998), Danish soccer player Jan Vang Sørensen (in", "title": "World Series of Poker" }, { "id": "13049427", "text": "received after winning the 1972 World Series, except without the one-carat diamond. Reggie Jackson referred to them as \"trash rings\". The first ring to contain more than one diamond was the 1977 World Series ring commissioned by the Yankees, which had over a dozen diamonds. Over time, ring designs have become larger and more elaborate, with Yogi Berra saying in 2009, \"They're so much bigger now, they're like weapons. You can't even wear them.\" Whereas older rings were 10 carat and between 20 and 25 pennyweight, modern rings are typically 14 carat and 50 pennyweight. The rings commissioned by the", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "13049425", "text": "during his bankruptcy proceedings. Other rings sold in auctions have sold for over $10,000 apiece. Replica rings given to fans have sold for as much as $300. Prior to the 1922 World Series, players on the World Series-winning team were given keepsakes, such as a pin or pocketwatch fob. The first World Series ring was given to the members of the New York Giants following their victory in the 1922 World Series over the New York Yankees. When the Yankees won the 1923 World Series, players were given a commemorative pocketwatch. The Yankees first gave rings to their players following", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "533127", "text": "Yogi Berra Lawrence Peter \"Yogi\" Berra (May 12, 1925 – September 22, 2015) was an American professional baseball catcher, who later took on the roles of manager and coach. He played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1946–63, 1965), all but the last for the New York Yankees. He was an 18-time All-Star and won 10 World Series championships as a player—more than any other player in MLB history. Berra had a career batting average of .285, while hitting 358 home runs and 1,430 runs batted in. He is one of only five players to win the American League", "title": "Yogi Berra" }, { "id": "5214223", "text": "the Yankees\" award by the Yankees organization. Sheppard is one of only two people ever awarded both a World Series ring and a Super Bowl ring. The other was Bill King, the long-time radio play-by-play voice of the Oakland Raiders and Oakland Athletics, and another man famously secretive about his age. Sheppard was married twice. He had two sons, Paul and Chris; and two daughters, Barbara and Mary; four grandchildren; and (as of 2008) nine great-grandchildren. His first wife, Margaret, the mother of all four of his children, died in 1959. He and his second wife, Mary, were married from", "title": "Bob Sheppard" }, { "id": "13049424", "text": "Balfour Company. The first World Series ring was given to members of the New York Giants after winning the 1922 World Series. By the 1930s, each winning team gave their players a ring. Though the ring started off simple, usually containing only one diamond, rings over time have become more elaborate and ornate, with the 2003 World Series ring containing over 200 diamonds. In addition to their inherent value, World Series rings also carry additional value as sports memorabilia. A World Series ring belonging to Casey Stengel sold for $180,000. Lenny Dykstra's 1986 World Series ring sold for over $56,000", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "1522845", "text": "Tony Pérez Atanacio \"Tony\" Pérez Rigal (born May 14, 1942), is a Cuban-American former professional baseball player, manager and a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. He played as a first baseman and third baseman in Major League Baseball, most notably for the Cincinnati Reds. Variously nicknamed \"Big Dog\", \"Big Doggie\", \"Doggie\", and \"The Mayor of Riverfront\", the slugging seven-time All-Star earned two World Series rings during a twenty-three year playing career, and one World Series ring as a coach. Along with fellow stars Pete Rose and Johnny Bench, Pérez was a key member of Cincinnati's celebrated \"Big Red", "title": "Tony Pérez" }, { "id": "13049433", "text": "Francisco Giants said of his ring: \"In all reality, this is why we play right here.\" Jon Jay said his 2011 World Series ring \"...represents last year and all the hard work. Ever since I was a kid I dreamed of something like this.\" Former player and current Giants broadcaster Duane Kuiper said, \"It's not a hug. It's not a handshake. It's not a pat on the back. It's a ring. It's the one thing every professional athlete wants: something they can hold onto, something they can show off.\" Players' names and uniform numbers are often individually inscribed in their", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "734386", "text": "League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times and a Gold Glove winner once. Mantle appeared in 12 World Series including seven championships, and holds World Series records for the most home runs (18), RBIs (40), extra-base hits (26), runs (42), walks (43), and total bases (123). Mantle was born on October 20, 1931 in Spavinaw, Oklahoma, the son of Lovell (née Richardson) Mantle (1904–1995) and lead miner Elvin Charles \"Mutt\" Mantle (1912–1952). He was of at least partial English ancestry; his great-grandfather, George Mantle, left Brierley Hill, in England's Black Country, in 1848. Mutt named his son in honor", "title": "Mickey Mantle" }, { "id": "7461444", "text": "in the 1922 World Series over the New York Yankees. When the Yankees won the 1923 World Series, players were given a commemorative pocketwatch. The Yankees first gave rings to their players following the 1927 World Series. Rings became an annual tradition in the 1930s, as every World Series–winning team has given rings to its players since 1932. In past years, players often requested other items in place of rings, including cufflinks and tie bars. Frankie Crosetti and Tommy Henrich requested shotguns from the Yankees following World Series championships. Grover Cleveland Alexander reportedly pawned his 1926 World Series ring. In", "title": "Championship ring" }, { "id": "13049429", "text": "their rings unique from previous versions. For their 2007 World Series rings, the Boston Red Sox commissioned a special version for players who were on both the 2004 and 2007 championship teams, and for 2013, they included the Boston Strong logo on the side. The St. Louis Cardinals had the Rally Squirrel engraved into their 2011 World Series championship rings. For their 2014 World Series rings, the San Francisco Giants included three diamonds on the top bezel and five on the bottom, representing their three titles in five years, and eight championships overall. The 2016 World Series rings for the", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "533164", "text": "for defamation, but Hanna-Barbera claimed that the similarity of the names was just a coincidence. Yogi Berra Lawrence Peter \"Yogi\" Berra (May 12, 1925 – September 22, 2015) was an American professional baseball catcher, who later took on the roles of manager and coach. He played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1946–63, 1965), all but the last for the New York Yankees. He was an 18-time All-Star and won 10 World Series championships as a player—more than any other player in MLB history. Berra had a career batting average of .285, while hitting 358 home runs and 1,430", "title": "Yogi Berra" }, { "id": "17303796", "text": "have gone on to receive World Series rings from Major League Baseball organizations including: Bill Mueller (Red Sox in 2004), Ryan Howard (Phillies in 2008), Andrew Jefferson (Former pitcher and now a scout for the Giants), and Tyler Onstott (Former video coordinator and now working part-time for the Chicago Cubs). Below is a table of Guttin's yearly records as a collegiate head baseball coach. Keith Guttin Keith Guttin is an American college baseball coach who has served as the head coach of the Missouri State Bears baseball team since the start of the 1983 season. Following the 2015 season, he", "title": "Keith Guttin" }, { "id": "2144860", "text": "AT&T Park with a 2014 World Series ring along with Mays, McCovey, Cepeda, and Juan Marichal. Bill James lists Perry as having the 10th best career of any right-handed starting pitcher, and the 50th greatest player at any position. In 1999, \"The Sporting News\" placed Perry at number 97 on its list of \"The Sporting News list of Baseball's 100 Greatest Players.\" Perry is one of six pitchers to win the Cy Young Award in both the American and National League (Pedro Martínez, Roger Clemens, Randy Johnson, Roy Halladay, and Max Scherzer being the others). He held the record for", "title": "Gaylord Perry" }, { "id": "4676435", "text": "he signed his first professional contract with the Cardinals shortly after being drafted in 2000. Molina's charitable organization, named Foundation 4, has helped to raise donations for childhood cancer patients in Puerto Rico. Molina's two older brothers, Bengie and José Molina, played a combined 28 seasons in the major leagues. Each of the three brothers has won at least one World Series ring, making them the only trio of brothers with such a distinction (Bengie and José both won their first while with the Anaheim Angels in 2002). They are also the only trio of brothers to play as catchers", "title": "Yadier Molina" }, { "id": "13049428", "text": "Florida Marlins after the 2003 World Series are believed to be among the most expensive World Series rings ever made; made of 14-carat white gold, the ring featured 229 diamonds, including one teal diamond, and 13 rubies. The rings cost $20,000 apiece due to the quantity of the purchase, though they retailed at $40,000 each. After breaking their long championship drought in 2016, the Chicago Cubs commissioned rings said to be worth up to $70,000, consisting of 214 diamonds at 5.5 karats, 3 karats of rubies, and 2.5 karats of sapphires. Teams have also increasingly added distinctive touches to make", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "2642172", "text": "Bucky Dent Russell Earl \"Bucky\" Dent (born Russell Earl O'Dey; November 25, 1951) is an American former Major League Baseball player and manager. He earned two World Series rings as the starting shortstop for the New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978, both over the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games, and he was voted the World Series MVP in 1978. Dent is most famous for his home run in a tie-breaker game against the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park at the end of the 1978 regular season. Born in Savannah, Georgia, to Denise O'Dey and Russell \"Shorty\" Stanford,", "title": "Bucky Dent" }, { "id": "13049426", "text": "the 1927 World Series. Rings became an annual tradition in the 1930s, as every World Series-winning team has given rings to its players since 1932. In past years, players often requested other items in place of rings, including cufflinks and tie clips. Frankie Crosetti and Tommy Henrich requested shotguns from the Yankees following World Series championships. Grover Cleveland Alexander reportedly pawned his 1926 World Series ring. Members of the 1973 World Series champion Oakland Athletics were upset when team owner Charlie O. Finley, following salary disputes with his players, presented his team with rings that were identical to the ones", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "10688983", "text": "Borom was inducted into the Texas Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978 and the Kansas Baseball Hall of Fame in 1996. After retiring from baseball, Borom worked 25 years for a freight company in Dallas. He died on January 7, 2011, in Dallas as one of the oldest living former Major Leaguers. He attended Society for American Baseball Research meetings in the DFW area (Hall-Ruggles Chapter) for many years. Red Borom Edward \"Red\" Jones Borom (October 30, 1915 – January 7, 2011) was a Major League Baseball player who played two seasons and won a World Series ring with the", "title": "Red Borom" }, { "id": "2642182", "text": "parents of four children. One of his daughters, Caitlin, played softball at North Carolina State from 2010–2013, and was an assistant coach for the Hofstra softball team during the 2015 season, while Cody Dent played baseball at Florida. Bucky Dent Russell Earl \"Bucky\" Dent (born Russell Earl O'Dey; November 25, 1951) is an American former Major League Baseball player and manager. He earned two World Series rings as the starting shortstop for the New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978, both over the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games, and he was voted the World Series MVP in 1978. Dent", "title": "Bucky Dent" }, { "id": "3083623", "text": "Andy Pettitte Andrew Eugene Pettitte (; born June 15, 1972) is an American former baseball starting pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily for the New York Yankees. He also pitched for the Houston Astros. Pettitte won five World Series championships with the Yankees and was a three-time All-Star. He ranks as MLB's all-time postseason wins leader with 19. Pettitte was drafted by the Yankees organization in 1990, and he signed with them roughly a year later. After debuting in the major leagues in 1995, Pettitte finished third in voting for the American League (AL) Rookie", "title": "Andy Pettitte" }, { "id": "8516126", "text": "the minor leagues. While working in this capacity for the Jeanerette Blues of the Evangeline League, Moore noted the strong throwing arm of his team's weak-hitting first baseman Eddie Lopat, and he suggested that Lopat might want to consider a career as a pitcher. Lopat subsequently developed into an All-Star, winning 166 major league games and earning five World Series rings in the starting rotation of the New York Yankees. Carlos Moore Carlos Whitman Moore (August 13, 1906 – July 2, 1958) is a former Major League Baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, Moore had a listed weight of 180 pounds.", "title": "Carlos Moore" }, { "id": "2685138", "text": "seven times in his career, and led the National League in runs scored (1979 & ), batting avg (1979), doubles (1979), on-base percentage (1980) and walks (1986) throughout his career. He also won 11 Gold Glove awards for his glovework at first base, setting a Major League record for the position that still stands. He won an MVP award, and played on 2 World Series champions, one of whom he was the co-captain of. He is the all time Game-winning RBI leader, and in 1985 set the single season record for this stat as well (this statistic was kept between", "title": "Keith Hernandez" }, { "id": "1664853", "text": "Phil Hellmuth Phillip Jerome Hellmuth Jr. (born July 16, 1964) is an American professional poker player who has won a record fifteen World Series of Poker bracelets. He is the winner of the Main Event of the 1989 World Series of Poker (WSOP) and the Main Event of the 2012 World Series of Poker Europe (WSOPE), and he is a 2007 inductee of the WSOP's Poker Hall of Fame. Hellmuth is also known for his temperamental \"poker brat\" personality. Hellmuth was born in Madison, Wisconsin and attended Madison West High School. His adolescence was troublesome, and issues with grades and", "title": "Phil Hellmuth" }, { "id": "4872748", "text": "the NBA with the Boston Celtics, being part of eight championship teams from 1959 to 1966. Jones and Russell, and five others, are the only players in history to win an NCAA Championship, an NBA Championship, and an Olympic Gold Medal. In NBA history, only teammates Bill Russell (11 championships) and Sam Jones (10 championships) have won more championship rings during their playing careers. After Boston lost to the Philadelphia 76ers in the 1967 playoffs, Jones ended his playing career. K.C. Jones was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1989. Jones began his coaching career at", "title": "K. C. Jones" }, { "id": "5179091", "text": "MLB player in history to have won championship rings in College (USC '98), Rookie league (Auburn '98), Single A (Kissimmee '99), AA (Round Rock '00), AAA (New Orleans '01), and to have played in a World Series (2005, Houston Astros). For the 2011-2012 baseball season, Ensberg was hired as a hitters and infielders coach for the UC San Diego Tritons. Beginning in the 2013 season, Ensberg rejoined the Houston Astros organization as a developmental specialist at Class A Lancaster. The Astros announced his new role as a Minor League special assignment coach in 2014. On January 9, 2017, Ensberg was", "title": "Morgan Ensberg" }, { "id": "16795964", "text": "a rookie. David Ortiz was named 2013 World Series MVP for the first time in his career with 2 HRs, 6 RBIs, .688 batting average and 1.948 OPS. He is the first non-Yankee to win three rings with one team since Jim Palmer did it for the 1966-70-83 Baltimore Orioles. He is also only the 2nd exclusive designated hitter to be awarded the World Series MVP (2009-Hideki Matsui). The Red Sox are also the first team to win three Championships after 2000, having previously been the first to win two Championships after 2000, when they won in 2007. This was", "title": "2013 Boston Red Sox season" }, { "id": "8998770", "text": "The Yankees were defeated three games to one by their rivals, falling short of a return to the ALCS. As of 2018, the Yankees' 27 World Series championships are 16 more than the number won by the St. Louis Cardinals, who have the second-most titles among MLB teams. New York's championship total is the highest of any franchise in a major North American league; the National Hockey League's Montreal Canadiens are second behind the Yankees with 24 Stanley Cup wins. The 40 AL titles won by the Yankees places them 17 in front of the Cardinals for the most pennants", "title": "History of the New York Yankees" }, { "id": "4959133", "text": "1936–40, and ). Crosetti was known as the weak link in the Yankees batting order, but he was also known as a slick fielder and for his ability to pull off the hidden ball trick. He won eight World Series rings as a player, and was a two-time All-Star (1936 and 1939). Crosetti became third base coach with the Yankees in 1946 and was part of an additional nine World Series championships as a coach with the franchise once he retired as a player after the 1948 season. He was said to be the \"perfect coach\", because he had no", "title": "Frankie Crosetti" }, { "id": "3111068", "text": "Bautista won a World Series ring when the Diamondbacks beat the New York Yankees in seven games at the 2001 World Series, hitting .583 in the Series, fifth all-time in a single World Series. In 2004, Bautista hit safely in 21 consecutive games. The streak ended during a game against the Philadelphia Phillies when Bautista went hitless in two at-bats. Bautista announced his retirement from baseball on March 19, 2005 following an ankle injury. Bautista had, at the time of his retirement, 685 hits at the major league level with a batting average of .272. Danny played in the Atlantic", "title": "Danny Bautista" }, { "id": "9212261", "text": "scout at the professional level for the Boston Red Sox, based in Lakeland, Florida, a position he still holds at age 89 during the season. He has two sons, Jody McDonald, who is currently a sports talk radio host who has worked in Philadelphia and New York City and another son Timothy, who was born in December 1963 and died in September 2002. He also has a daughter named Marnl. McDonald has earned six World Series rings: with the Mets, with the Cardinals, and , , and with the Red Sox. Joe McDonald (baseball executive) Joseph A. McDonald (born July", "title": "Joe McDonald (baseball executive)" }, { "id": "375992", "text": "conference champions to determine the NFL's league champion. Currently, the National Football Conference leads the league with 27 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference. The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl championship titles, with six. The New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances, with ten. Charles Haley and Tom Brady both have five Super Bowl rings, which is the record for the most rings won by a single player. The day on which the Super Bowl is played, now considered by some as an unofficial American national holiday, is called \"Super Bowl Sunday\". It", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "id": "3822266", "text": "Daniel Negreanu Daniel Negreanu (; born July 26, 1974) is a Canadian professional poker player who has won six World Series of Poker (WSOP) bracelets and two World Poker Tour (WPT) championship titles. The independent poker ranking service Global Poker Index (GPI) recognised Negreanu as the best poker player of the decade in 2014. As of 2018, he is the 2nd biggest live tournament poker winner of all time, having accumulated over $39,500,000 in prize money. He was named the WSOP Player of the Year in 2004 and again in 2013, making him the first (and only) player in WSOP", "title": "Daniel Negreanu" }, { "id": "1876698", "text": "Doyle Brunson Doyle F. Brunson (born August 10, 1933) is a retired American poker player who played professionally for over 50 years. He is a two-time World Series of Poker (WSOP) Main Event champion, a Poker Hall of Fame inductee, and the author of several books on poker. Brunson was the first player to earn $1 million in poker tournaments and has won ten WSOP bracelets throughout his career, tied with Johnny Chan and Phil Ivey for second all-time, behind Phil Hellmuth's fifteen bracelets. He is also one of only four players to have won the Main Event at the", "title": "Doyle Brunson" }, { "id": "2495238", "text": "70%. The award is handed out to the winners of both leagues before Game 4 of the World Series each year, with Aaron himself presenting the awards. The first winners of the award were Manny Ramirez and Sammy Sosa in 1999, while the most recent winners are J. D. Martinez and Christian Yelich. Alex Rodriguez won the award four times, the most of any player. The winner with the most hits was Todd Helton in 2000, Barry Bonds in 2001 had the most home runs, and Manny Ramírez in 1999 had the most RBIs. Players from the Boston Red Sox", "title": "Hank Aaron Award" }, { "id": "2455713", "text": "Bill Russell William Felton Russell (born February 12, 1934) is an American retired professional basketball player. Russell played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1956 to 1969 and won 11 championships rings during his 13 seasons as an NBA player. A five-time NBA Most Valuable Player and a twelve-time All-Star, he was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty, winning eleven NBA championships during his thirteen-year career. Russell tied the record for the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league (with Henri Richard of the National Hockey League). Before his", "title": "Bill Russell" }, { "id": "7461442", "text": "Some teams have also been known to give rings to former players who are not officially part of the winning team, as well as current players who may not qualify to have their name engraved on the Stanley Cup or Larry O'Brien Trophy. Occasionally, rings are even given to fans as part of a charity raffle. L.G. Balfour of Attleboro, Massachusetts and Jostens of Minneapolis, Minnesota are the two companies that have produced the majority of championship rings for the four major professional sports leagues. Tiffany & Co. and Intergold (now a Jostens subsidiary) compete with Balfour, Baron and Jostens", "title": "Championship ring" }, { "id": "3577488", "text": "with 463 strikeouts and a 4.30 earned run average in 797 innings pitched. Mendoza was the only player in the last 75 years to win a World Series ring with both the New York Yankees (1996, 1998–2000) and Boston Red Sox (2004) before Johnny Damon and Eric Hinske joined the Yankees club in 2009. Mendoza made his major league debut in 1996, going 4-5 with a 6.79 ERA in his rookie season. He did not appear on the postseason roster. In 1997, Mendoza went 8-6 with a 4.24 ERA, while starting 15 games, as both a starter and a reliever.", "title": "Ramiro Mendoza" }, { "id": "7461440", "text": "four most-well known championship rings in North American professional sports are the NFL's Super Bowl ring, the NBA Championship ring, MLB's World Series ring, and the NHL's Stanley Cup ring. Similar rings are often presented to individuals inducted into a North American sports hall of fame. Championship rings are typically made of yellow or white gold with diamonds. They usually include the team name, team logo, and the championship number (usually indicated in Roman numerals for the NFL's Super Bowl wins). Championship ring policies differ between the four major professional leagues. NHL and MLB owners pay for the cost of", "title": "Championship ring" }, { "id": "4910126", "text": "The Catch. Mays never won the award himself. Pitchers have been named Series MVP twenty-seven times; four of them were relief pitchers. Twelve of the first fourteen World Series MVPs were won by pitchers; from 1969 until 1986, the proportion of pitcher MVPs declined—Rollie Fingers (1974) and Bret Saberhagen (1985) were the only two pitchers to win the award in this period. From 1987 until 1991, all of the World Series MVPs were pitchers, and, since 1995, pitchers have won the award nine times. Bobby Richardson of the 1960 New York Yankees is the only player in World Series history", "title": "World Series Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "2455814", "text": "in attendance. Bill Russell William Felton Russell (born February 12, 1934) is an American retired professional basketball player. Russell played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1956 to 1969 and won 11 championships rings during his 13 seasons as an NBA player. A five-time NBA Most Valuable Player and a twelve-time All-Star, he was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty, winning eleven NBA championships during his thirteen-year career. Russell tied the record for the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league (with Henri Richard of the National Hockey League).", "title": "Bill Russell" }, { "id": "4910127", "text": "to be named MVP despite being on the losing team. The most recent winner was Steve Pearce of the Boston Red Sox, who won the award in 2018. World Series Most Valuable Player Award The Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is given to the player deemed to have the most impact on his team's performance in the World Series, which is the final round of the Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason. The award was first presented in 1955 as the \"SPORT\" Magazine Award, but is now decided during the final game of the Series by a", "title": "World Series Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "3083659", "text": "he said the performance-enhancing-drug scandal has put a \"strain\" on his relationship with Clemens, his close friend and former teammate. Andy Pettitte Andrew Eugene Pettitte (; born June 15, 1972) is an American former baseball starting pitcher who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily for the New York Yankees. He also pitched for the Houston Astros. Pettitte won five World Series championships with the Yankees and was a three-time All-Star. He ranks as MLB's all-time postseason wins leader with 19. Pettitte was drafted by the Yankees organization in 1990, and he signed with them roughly a year", "title": "Andy Pettitte" }, { "id": "2547670", "text": "Whitey Ford Edward Charles \"Whitey\" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed \"The Chairman of the Board\" is an American former professional baseball pitcher who spent his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974. Ford is a ten-time MLB All-Star and six-time World Series champion. Ford won both the Cy Young Award and World Series Most Valuable Player Award in 1961. He led the American League in wins three times and in earned run average twice. The Yankees retired Ford's uniform number 16 in his", "title": "Whitey Ford" }, { "id": "2144859", "text": "and contemplated a bid for Congress himself in 1986. On July 23, 2005 the San Francisco Giants retired Perry's uniform number 36. Perry was inducted into the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame on March 9, 2009. He was honored on April 9, 2011 at AT&T Park with a 2010 World Series ring along with other San Francisco Giants greats Willie McCovey, Orlando Cepeda, and Willie Mays. Of the four, only Mays, as a member of the 1954 team, had previously received a World Series ring while playing for the Giants. He was honored again on April 18, 2015 at", "title": "Gaylord Perry" }, { "id": "2381656", "text": "the celebration, excitement, relief...the city of Houston, I'm sure, is going crazy right now. I couldn't be more proud of the guys that represent the Houston Astros right now.\" Both Bagwell and Biggio received World Series rings from the Astros during the World Series ring ceremony before an April 3, 2018 game against the Baltimore Orioles. As part of a personal services contract Bagwell signed with the Astros, he served as a coach in spring training of 2007. On July 11, 2010, the Astros hired Bagwell to be their , replacing Sean Berry. At the time of the switch, the", "title": "Jeff Bagwell" }, { "id": "1983354", "text": "end of the lengthy pre-game ceremony in which the All-Stars were introduced at their fielding positions along with 49 of the 63 living Hall of Famers. In subsequent occasional visits to spring training, regular-season games, and other outings, he used a wheelchair. On April 13, 2010, Derek Jeter and Joe Girardi privately presented the first 2009 World Series Championship ring to Steinbrenner in his stadium suite. He was \"almost speechless\", according to reports. George Steinbrenner's estimated net worth was $1.15 billion in 2009 according to the Forbes 400 List in \"Forbes\" magazine issued in September 2009. George Steinbrenner was the", "title": "George Steinbrenner" }, { "id": "2227472", "text": "voting, because of the relative rareness of the full-time DH and the fact that the DH does not contribute on defense. During the 1993 season Paul Molitor became the first player to win the World Series Most Valuable Player award while playing 137 of 160 games (85.63%) as a designated hitter; David Ortiz did the same in 2013. Ortiz was also the first designated hitter to win the ALCS MVP in 2004. Ortiz and Molitor played games at first base in their World Series MVP seasons, leaving Hideki Matsui in 2009 as the only World Series MVP to never play", "title": "Designated hitter" }, { "id": "8442519", "text": "the Cubs. Zobrist was the 2016 World Series Most Valuable Player. He is one of seven players in MLB history to have won back-to back World Series championships on different teams, the other five being Jake Peavy, Jack Morris, Bill Skowron, Clem Labine, Don Gullett, and Ryan Theriot. A versatile defender and a switch-hitter with a high walk rate, he has played roughly half his innings at second base, and has also spent significant time at shortstop and various outfield positions. Thus, he has often been referred to as a \"super utility player\". Zobrist was born and raised in Eureka,", "title": "Ben Zobrist" }, { "id": "4910125", "text": "World Series Most Valuable Player Award The Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is given to the player deemed to have the most impact on his team's performance in the World Series, which is the final round of the Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason. The award was first presented in 1955 as the \"SPORT\" Magazine Award, but is now decided during the final game of the Series by a committee of reporters and officials present at the game. On September 29, 2017, it was renamed in honor of Willie Mays in remembrance of the 63rd anniversary of", "title": "World Series Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "3691804", "text": "up in 1981, playing 29 games. Sax broke into the majors as a regular in 1982, earning the National League Rookie of the Year award. Throughout his career, Sax was on the All-Star team five times and had a batting average over .300 in three seasons. He had great success on the basepaths, stealing over 40 bases in six different seasons, finishing with a career total of 444 stolen bases. He also set the Yankees team record for most singles in a season (171 in 1989). Sax has two World Series rings, both with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1981", "title": "Steve Sax" }, { "id": "1868500", "text": "Luis Gonzalez (outfielder) Luis Emilio Gonzalez (born September 3, 1967), nicknamed \"Gonzo\", is an American former baseball outfielder who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for seven teams. Gonzalez spent his best years with the Arizona Diamondbacks and was one of the most popular players in the organization's history. His game-winning hit in Game 7 of the 2001 World Series against New York Yankees closer Mariano Rivera clinched the Diamondbacks' first and only World Series championship to date. Gonzalez was a five-time All-Star and won a Silver Slugger Award in 2001. After retiring from baseball in 2008, Gonzalez", "title": "Luis Gonzalez (outfielder)" }, { "id": "10549068", "text": "bracelets awarded, 500 of which were won by 170 players who have won at least two bracelets, with all of the other bracelets being won by one-time winners. This includes (up to this point) 17 Main Event winners: Hal Fowler, Bill Smith, Mansour Matloubi, Brad Daugherty, Jim Bechtel, Russ Hamilton, Noel Furlong, Robert Varkonyi, Chris Moneymaker, Greg Raymer, Joe Hachem, Jamie Gold, Jerry Yang, Peter Eastgate, Pius Heinz, Ryan Riess and Martin Jacobson. Since Chris Moneymaker won the 2003 Main Event, (through the completion of Event 74 in 2017) only three players have won and followed it up with a", "title": "World Series of Poker bracelet" }, { "id": "2695326", "text": "American League regular season record, Williams finished with a .339 average, becoming the first player to win a batting title, Gold Glove award, and World Series ring in the same year. After the 1998 season, Williams signed a seven-year, $87.5-million contract with the Yankees, one of the largest in baseball at the time. The Boston Red Sox and Arizona Diamondbacks also bid for Williams on the free agent market. For the length of the contract, the Yankees made the playoffs every single year, and as a result Williams continued to add to his postseason statistics, placing in the top 10", "title": "Bernie Williams" }, { "id": "18218705", "text": "season. NBA Championship rings are silver or gold and include the following features: In three NBA Finals, John Havlicek chose two wrist watches and a liqueur tray set as commemorative items. NBA Championship ring The NBA Championship ring is an annual award given by the National Basketball Association to the team that wins the NBA Finals. Rings are presented to the team's players, coaches, and members of the executive front office. Red Auerbach has the most rings overall with 16. Phil Jackson has the most as coach and Bill Russell has the most as a player (11 each) NBA Championship", "title": "NBA Championship ring" }, { "id": "18324482", "text": "2014, a burglary occurred at the museum, in which a team of \"professional\" thieves stole specific pieces of Berra's memorabilia. The museum contains items from Berra's career, including baseball cards, a jacket worn by Berra while throwing out the first pitch of Game 1 of the 2009 World Series, two of his MLB MVP awards, and all 10 World Series rings he received as a player. Following the resolution of Berra's feud with Steinbrenner, the Yankees loaned the Commissioner's Trophy from the 1998 World Series to the museum. In 2013, the museum teamed up with Athlete Ally to develop an", "title": "Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center" }, { "id": "18218704", "text": "NBA Championship ring The NBA Championship ring is an annual award given by the National Basketball Association to the team that wins the NBA Finals. Rings are presented to the team's players, coaches, and members of the executive front office. Red Auerbach has the most rings overall with 16. Phil Jackson has the most as coach and Bill Russell has the most as a player (11 each) NBA Championship rings have been handed out since the first NBA Finals in 1947. In the modern era, the rings are handed to the defending champions during the team's first home game each", "title": "NBA Championship ring" }, { "id": "11790262", "text": "Neal Dahlen Neal Dahlen is a retired American football administrator, who worked for San Francisco 49ers (1979–1996), and the Denver Broncos (1996–2003), and was General Manager of the Broncos from 1999 to January 2002. Dahlen has the distinction of being tied (with Bill Belichick) for the most Super Bowl rings in history, at seven. He earned five with the 49ers, and two during his time at the Broncos. Dahlen attended Capuchino High School in San Bruno, California. He then played quarterback at San Jose State University, where he graduated from in 1963 (and earned a master's in 1964). He then", "title": "Neal Dahlen" }, { "id": "5619890", "text": "the only three brothers in MLB history to all win World Series rings. Bengie and José did it together as members of the 2002 Anaheim Angels, and Yadier with the 2006 and 2011 Cardinals. José later won a second ring with the 2009 New York Yankees. Molina graduated from Maestro Ladi High School in Vega Alta, Puerto Rico in 1993, and attended Ladislao Martinez High School in Vega Alta, Puerto Rico. Molina was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the 14th round of the 1993 amateur draft. His first major league team was the Cubs, for which he played 10", "title": "José Molina (baseball)" }, { "id": "496035", "text": "Sox Scandal. Eight players—Joe Jackson, Eddie Cicotte, Claude \"Lefty\" Williams, George \"Buck\" Weaver, Arnold \"Chick\" Gandil, Fred McMullin, Charles \"Swede\" Risberg, and Oscar \"Happy\" Felsch—intentionally lost the World Series in exchange for a ring worth $100,000 ($1,064,705.88 in 2016 dollars). Despite being acquitted, all were permanently banned from Major League Baseball. Baseball's popularity increased in the 1920s and 1930s. The 1920 season was notable for the death of Ray Chapman of the Cleveland Indians. Chapman, who was struck in the head by a pitch and died a few hours later, became the only MLB player to die of an on-field", "title": "Major League Baseball" }, { "id": "5681589", "text": "two Gary D. Schmidt novels set in the late 1960s: both \"The Wednesday Wars\" and \"Okay for Now\". Pepitone was a member of the 1963, 1964 and 1965 American League All Star Team. He won the Gold Glove award for first basemen in 1965, 1966 and 1969. He also won a World Series ring in 1962 as a player. He also received rings in 1998 and 1999 as an executive with the Yankees. Joe Pepitone Joseph Anthony \"Joe\" Pepitone (born October 9, 1940) is a former Major League Baseball first baseman and outfielder who played the bulk of his career", "title": "Joe Pepitone" }, { "id": "4226595", "text": "the San Francisco Giants, where he also helped them win a World Series title later in the season. He became the first starting pitcher in Major League history to win two consecutive World Series with two teams in two leagues, including being traded by his former team at the trade deadline. He is one of seven players in MLB history to have won back-to back World Series championships on different teams, the other six being Ben Zobrist, Jack Morris, Bill Skowron, Clem Labine, Don Gullett, and Ryan Theriot. Peavy wore the number 44 throughout his career. When he was traded", "title": "Jake Peavy" }, { "id": "8200846", "text": "World Series television ratings The highest average rating for an entire World Series is tied between the 1978 Series featuring the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers and the 1980 Series featuring the Philadelphia Phillies and Kansas City Royals. Both Series, each of which went six games, averaged a national rating of 32.8 and a share of 56. However, the 1978 Series had a slightly larger total viewership (44,278,950) than 1980 (42,300,000). The highest-rated individual game in Series history was Game 7 in 1986, as the New York Mets defeated the Boston Red Sox at Shea Stadium in New", "title": "World Series television ratings" }, { "id": "5179580", "text": "Yankees won the World Series that year and Johnson was given a World Series ring for his service to the team. His speed on the base paths, and his uniform number \"1\", earned him the endearing nickname \"One Dog\". \"One Dog\" is also the name of the record company he had during his MLB career. He now resides in Alabama with his wife. Lance Johnson Kenneth Lance Johnson (born July 6, 1963) is a retired Major League Baseball center fielder. Johnson was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. After graduating from Princeton High School, he completed his education at the University of", "title": "Lance Johnson" }, { "id": "2685114", "text": "Keith Hernandez Keith Hernandez (born October 20, 1953) is an American former Major League Baseball first baseman who played the majority of his career with the St. Louis Cardinals and New York Mets. Hernandez was a five-time All-Star who shared the 1979 NL MVP award, and won two World Series titles, one each with the Cardinals and Mets. A contact hitter with a .296 career average and a walk rate of 12.5%, Hernandez's career hitting productivity was 31% above league average. For his defensive work he received Gold Glove awards in eleven consecutive seasons, the most by any first baseman", "title": "Keith Hernandez" }, { "id": "13049435", "text": "Rodriguez, a scout for the Red Sox, sold his 2004 World Series ring for over $53,000 and in 2011, Scott Williamson auctioned off his 2004 ring for $89,000. More recently, Willie Stargell's 1979 World Series ring was sold at auction for over $82,000. However, the ring that once belonged to disgraced pitcher Brandon Puffer, when offered for sale on the August 15, 2013, episode of \"Pawn Stars\" could not be sold. The shop declined to make an offer, claiming Puffer's off-field problems destroyed the resale value of the ring. The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum contains an exhibit", "title": "World Series ring" }, { "id": "732868", "text": "last few years for reasons I really don't understand. We've gotten him more involved recently in the central process and that will help greatly.\" During his time with the Red Sox, Bill James has received three World Series rings for the team's 2004, 2007, and 2013 victories. James was profiled on \"60 Minutes\" on March 30, 2008, in his role as a sabermetric pioneer and Red Sox advisor. In 2010, he was inducted into the Irish American Baseball Hall of Fame. Michael Lewis, in his book \"Moneyball\", dedicates a chapter to James' career and Sabermetrics as background for his portrayal", "title": "Bill James" }, { "id": "8401396", "text": "the middle of the season after a short stint with the Texas Rangers. He acknowledged that he had made a mistake when he departed the Yankees in 1995 in order to become an everyday player and vowed to \"redeem the part of the career [he] missed.\" He ended up appearing in the 2001 World Series, where the Yankees lost to the Arizona Diamondbacks in seven games. Though he played the majority of his career with the Yankees, Velarde never won a World Series ring with the team. This was partially due to bad timing; the Yankees won the World Series", "title": "Randy Velarde" }, { "id": "3686440", "text": "over $5,000,000 in poker earnings in years 2011, 2015, and 2016. As of January 2017, while many players have made over $5 million in a year no other player has done this more than once. In January 2016, Seidel was ranked #28 on the Global Poker Index. (He was #1 for a total of 15 weeks in 2011). Seidel has won eight WSOP bracelets in his storied poker career. His eight bracelets rank sixth all-time. Erik Seidel Erik Seidel (born November 6, 1959) is an American professional poker player from Las Vegas, Nevada, who has won eight World Series of", "title": "Erik Seidel" }, { "id": "13544794", "text": "teams have won 66 of the 114 World Series played (57.9%). The New York Yankees have won 27 titles, accounting for 23.7% of all series played and 40.9% of the wins by American League teams. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11 World Series, accounting for 9.6% of all series played and 23% of the 48 National League victories. When the first modern World Series was played in 1903, there were eight teams in each league. These 16 franchises, all of which are still in existence, have each won at least two World Series titles. The number of teams was", "title": "World Series" }, { "id": "13742181", "text": "the Florida Marlins, he was granted a championship ring after the Marlins defeated the New York Yankees in the World Series. Castillo received a bachelor's degree in Social Work from Augustana College and a master's degree in Education from the University of Sioux Falls. Benny Castillo Benny Castillo (born July 15, 1966 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a former professional baseball player and manager. Raised in the Bronx, New York, Castillo attended Park West High School, where he was coached by the late Mr. Paul Gordon, who was a mentor & father figure to both Castillo & future MLB", "title": "Benny Castillo" }, { "id": "16257144", "text": "and a First Team All-American. In 2017, Springer became an MLB All-Star, Silver Slugger Award winner, and World Series champion all for the first time. He was also named the 2017 World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP), hitting a record-tying five home runs as the Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. From New Britain, Connecticut, Springer is of Puerto Rican and Panamanian descent. He is presently represented by TLA Worldwide. Springer attended New Britain High School in New Britain, Connecticut, for his freshman year of high school. He played on the varsity baseball team as a freshman", "title": "George Springer" }, { "id": "4959128", "text": "Frankie Crosetti Frank Peter Joseph Crosetti (October 4, 1910 – February 11, 2002) was an American baseball shortstop. Nicknamed \"The Crow\", he spent his whole seventeen-year Major League Baseball playing career with the New York Yankees before becoming a coach with the franchise for an additional twenty seasons. As a player and third base coach for the Yankees, Crosetti was part of seventeen World Championship teams and 23 World Series participants overall, from 1932 to 1964, the most of any individual. Crosetti was born in San Francisco, California, and grew up in North Beach, which was something of a hotbed", "title": "Frankie Crosetti" }, { "id": "14578015", "text": "infielder Chris Davis, and Mike Adams from the San Diego Padres in exchange for two minor-league pitchers. Pitcher Arthur Rhodes was released and signed with the St. Louis Cardinals days later; as a result, Rhodes would have been entitled to receive a World Series ring regardless of which team won. With the exception of one day in late April and a brief stretch in early May, the Rangers led the American League West for most of the season. They finished the season with a franchise record 96–66 ( winning percentage) and won their second consecutive and fifth overall division title,", "title": "2011 World Series" }, { "id": "8575940", "text": "Rafael Santana Rafael Francisco Santana de la Cruz (born January 31, 1958) is a former Major League Baseball shortstop who won a World Series ring with the 1986 New York Mets. He currently serves as the Dominican Republic scouting and player development supervisor for the Chicago White Sox. Originally signed by the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in , Santana spent several years in their farm system before being traded to the St. Louis Cardinals on February 16, for a player to be named later. The Cardinals sent pitcher George Frazier to the Yankees in June to", "title": "Rafael Santana" }, { "id": "3247564", "text": "World Series history and is one of only two no hitters in MLB postseason history (the other Roy Halladay's in 2010). He won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award and Babe Ruth Award in recognition of his 1956 postseason. Larsen was born in Michigan City, Indiana. Larsen's family moved to San Diego, California in 1944, where his mother became a housekeeper and his father worked as a department store salesman. Larsen attended Point Loma High School where he was a member of the basketball and baseball teams. He was selected for the All-Metro Conference team as a basketball player,", "title": "Don Larsen" }, { "id": "15826688", "text": "after every home win and notable away wins. Pérez delighted fans with his positive attitude and humorous postings on social media. In the 2014 and 2015 season, Pérez made a habit of playfully pestering teammate Lorenzo Cain by taking videos of him and posting them on Instagram. , or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota Salvador Pérez Salvador Johan Pérez Diaz (born May 10, 1990) is a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is a six-time MLB All-Star, five-time Gold Glove Award winner, and received the World Series Most Valuable Player Award when", "title": "Salvador Pérez" }, { "id": "7285293", "text": "National Championship was replaced by the WSOP Global Casino Championship, featuring the winners from both WSOP Circuit and WSOP International Circuit. The International Circuit has expanded to 13 tournaments for the 2017/18 season. Like the World Series of Poker and its prestigious bracelet, all circuit stops have preliminary events that award rings as well. Since its inception in 2005, 972 rings have been awarded. 476 of the rings have been awarded to those that have won multiple rings. Twenty players have won at least five rings. Below is a list of all poker players who have won at least five", "title": "World Series of Poker Circuit" }, { "id": "386230", "text": "New York City, most memorably playing at the legendary Polo Grounds. They have won 23 NL pennants and have played in 20 World Series competitions – both NL records. The Giants' eight World Series championships rank second in the National League and fourth overall (the New York Yankees are first with 27, then the St. Louis Cardinals (the National League record-holders) with 11, and the Oakland Athletics and the Boston Red Sox both with 9). The Giants have played in the World Series 20 times – 14 times in New York, six in San Francisco – but boycotted the event", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "969492", "text": "in Terre Haute stretching back to 1884 that includes some of the most famous names associated with the game, including Hall-of-Famers Mordecai Brown and Max Carey, Josh Devore, Negro League Baseball All-Star Junius Bibbs, Vic Aldridge, Art Nehf (who holds the National League record for most World Series games pitched), Paul \"Dizzy\" Trout, Jim \"Jumbo\" Elliott, Harry Taylor and Bill Butland. More recent professional stars include pitcher Tommy John; (who won 288 games in his 26-year major league career) and catcher Brian Dorsett, both of whom played for the New York Yankees during their careers. Terre Haute North grad Josh", "title": "Terre Haute, Indiana" }, { "id": "1494515", "text": "Jose Canseco José Canseco Capas Jr. (born July 2, 1964), is a Cuban-American former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder and designated hitter. During his time with the Oakland A's, he established himself as one of the premier power hitters in the game. He won the Rookie of the Year (1986), and Most Valuable Player award (1988), and was a six-time All-Star. Canseco is a two-time World Series winner with the Oakland A's (1989) and the New York Yankees (2000). Canseco won the Silver Slugger award four times: three as an AL outfielder (1988, 1990, 1991), and once as a Designated", "title": "Jose Canseco" }, { "id": "6628629", "text": "Don Wert Donald Ralph Wert (born July 29, 1938), nicknamed \"Coyote\", is an American former professional baseball player. He played as a third baseman in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers from 1963 to 1970 and also briefly played for the Washington Senators in 1971. In 1965, he was named \"Tiger of the Year\", and in 1968, he was chosen for the American League All Star Team and won a World Series ring. Born in Strasburg, Pennsylvania, in Lancaster County, Wert attended Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania where he played baseball for the \"Diplomats.\" He was signed", "title": "Don Wert" }, { "id": "13544744", "text": "became the 11th team to lose the World Series in consecutive seasons. In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 14 and won 9, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 20 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have", "title": "World Series" }, { "id": "5253796", "text": "winning two World Series rings (1998, 1999) despite only pitching in one postseason game and having no postseason decisions. George Steinbrenner publicly expressed disgust at his weight, at one point calling him a \"fat pussy toad\" after he failed to cover first base on a ground ball during a spring training game. Steinbrenner refused to let Irabu accompany the team to Los Angeles, but two days later, Steinbrenner apologized and allowed Irabu to join the team. 1998 was Irabu's best season in MLB, featuring career bests in games started (28), complete games (2), innings pitched (173), wins (13), and ERA", "title": "Hideki Irabu" }, { "id": "13544745", "text": "appeared in 9 and won 5. As of 2018, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in , , and —the longest such drought in Major League Baseball history. Until the formation of the American Association in 1882 as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From", "title": "World Series" }, { "id": "15826677", "text": "Salvador Pérez Salvador Johan Pérez Diaz (born May 10, 1990) is a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is a six-time MLB All-Star, five-time Gold Glove Award winner, and received the World Series Most Valuable Player Award when the Royals won the 2015 World Series over the New York Mets. Pérez was born in Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela. He was abandoned by his father at age four and raised by his mother, Yilda Diaz. When he was eight years old, the two relocated to Valencia to live with Yilda's mother, Carmen de", "title": "Salvador Pérez" }, { "id": "7461445", "text": "professional sports leagues—such as the National Football League (NFL) and Major League Baseball (MLB)—rings are also awarded to the team that lost the championship game (e.g., Super Bowl) or series (e.g., World Series), because that team is the champion of their conference (e.g., AFC or NFC in the NFL) or league (AL or NL in MLB). In recent years, it has become common for American and Canadian high schools to give championship rings to teams that win the state or provincial championship in their given sport, usually football. In North American racing series like the NASCAR Sprint Cup or IndyCar", "title": "Championship ring" }, { "id": "6327842", "text": "championships and 23 league pennants. Eleven of the interleague championships are World Series titles won under the modern format since 1903; 19 of the league pennants are NL pennants, and the other four are AA pennants. Their 11 World Series titles represent the most in the NL and are second in MLB only to the New York Yankees' 27. The first major award MLB presented for team performance occurred with the World Series champions in 1903, and for individual performance, in 1911 in the American League with the Chalmers Award. The first major award which the National League presented for", "title": "St. Louis Cardinals award winners and league leaders" }, { "id": "5762583", "text": "list as of August 31 at midnight ET. The only exception is that a player who is on the disabled list at the end of the regular season may be replaced on the postseason roster by any other player who was in the organization on August 31, with the approval of the Commissioner. All players on the team's roster during the season will be eligible to receive a World Series ring after the team wins the World Series. Teams may trade only players currently under contract. From the end of the previous World Series through July, trades between two or", "title": "Major League Baseball transactions" }, { "id": "6072001", "text": "received his World Series ring, as well as a large ovation. For Opening Day 2008, he got to carry out the World Series trophy. There is some uncertainty as to Leskanic's actual age. He graduated from Steel Valley High School in Munhall, PA in 1985 and enrolled at Allegheny County Community College during the fall of that year. In 1986 he transferred to LSU, and was drafted after his junior year. Leskanic may have omitted his time at ACCC on his professional resume. Many believe his actual birth date to be in either late 1966 or early 1967 making him", "title": "Curt Leskanic" }, { "id": "40574", "text": "appeared on the team website nor future media guides. In 2017, less than eight months after he played the final game of his illustrious career, David Ortiz had his #34 retired by the Red Sox. Ortiz will not be eligible for election to the Hall of Fame until 2022. At the time of his retirement, Ortiz was the only Red Sox player to have won three World Series championships since the issuance of jersey numbers starting in 1931. Dustin Pedroia has since become the second such Red Sox player (2007, 2013, and 2018). The number 42 was officially retired by", "title": "Boston Red Sox" }, { "id": "2825287", "text": "Bill Skowron William Joseph Skowron (December 18, 1930 – April 27, 2012), nicknamed \"Moose\", was an American professional baseball first baseman. He played thirteen seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1954 to 1967 for the New York Yankees, Los Angeles Dodgers, Washington Senators, Chicago White Sox, and California Angels. He had been a community relations representative for the Chicago White Sox for several years when he died in 2012. He is one of six players in MLB history to have won back-to back World Series championships on different teams, the other five being Ben Zobrist, Jake Peavy, Jack Morris,", "title": "Bill Skowron" } ]

[ "helium" ]

[ { "id": "14033219", "text": "tip of Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Spratly Islands, northeastern tip of Sabah of Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia. An aerial observation of this eclipse was done over India, when a MiG-25 reconnaissance aircraft of the Indian Air Force was used to take images of this eclipse at an altitude of 25 km. Phil Whitaker's prize-winning debut novel \"Eclipse of the Sun\" published in 1997 and set in India has at its centre a dramatic attempt to organize a public viewing of the eclipse. Photos: Solar eclipse of October 24, 1995 A total solar eclipse occurred on October 24, 1995. A", "title": "Solar eclipse of October 24, 1995" }, { "id": "165395", "text": "radioactive decay can collect in natural gas reserves in larger than expected quantities, in some cases having been released by volcanic activity. The first evidence of helium was observed on August 18, 1868, as a bright yellow line with a wavelength of 587.49 nanometers in the spectrum of the chromosphere of the Sun. The line was detected by French astronomer Jules Janssen during a total solar eclipse in Guntur, India. This line was initially assumed to be sodium. On October 20 of the same year, English astronomer Norman Lockyer observed a yellow line in the solar spectrum, which he named", "title": "Helium" }, { "id": "2994140", "text": "body before being found on the earth. Lockyer and the English chemist Edward Frankland named the element with the Greek word for the Sun, ἥλιος (\"helios\"). At the great Indian eclipse of 1868 that occurred in Guntur, Janssen also demonstrated the gaseous nature of the red prominences, and devised a method of observing them under ordinary daylight conditions. One main purpose of his spectroscopic inquiries was to answer the question whether the Sun contains oxygen or not. An indispensable preliminary was the virtual elimination of oxygen-absorption in the Earth's atmosphere, and his bold project of establishing an observatory on the", "title": "Pierre Janssen" }, { "id": "14130098", "text": "Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (the part now belonging to South Sudan), British Kenya (today's Kenya), Ethiopia, British Somaliland (today's Somalia), British Raj (the part now belonging to India), Burma, Thailand, French Indochina (the parts now belonging to Laos and Vietnam), Philippines, South Pacific Mandate in Japan (the part now belonging to Hatohobei, Palau) the Territory of New Guinea (now belonging to Papua New Guinea). Solar eclipse of July 20, 1944 An annular solar eclipse occurred on July 20, 1944. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun", "title": "Solar eclipse of July 20, 1944" }, { "id": "5251597", "text": "tip of Myanmar, central China and the Pacific Ocean, including the northern part of the Ryukyu Islands, the whole Volcano Islands except South Iwo Jima, Marshall Islands, and Kiribati. Totality was visible in many large cities, including Dhaka and Dinajpur, and Chapai Nawabganj district in Bangladesh; Surat, Vadodara, Bhopal, Varanasi, Patna, Gaya, Siliguri, Tawang and Guwahati in India; and Chengdu, Nanchong, Chongqing, Yichang, Jingzhou, Wuhan, Huanggang, Hefei, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Huzhou, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Shanghai as well as over the Three Gorges Dam in China. However, in Shanghai, the largest city in the eclipse's path, the view was obscured by heavy", "title": "Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009" }, { "id": "14025772", "text": "eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan and southwestern Tajikistan), Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, China, Nepal (including the capital city Kathmandu), southwestern Sikkim (now merged with India), Burma, southwestern tip of Sainyabuli Province in Laos, Cambodia, South Vietnam (now belonging to Vietnam), Spratly Islands, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Territory of Papua New Guinea (today's Papua New Guinea), and Gilbert and Ellice Islands (the part now belonging to Kiribati). 8 of the 14 eight-thousanders—Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Manaslu, Shishapangma, Cho Oyu, Everest, Lhotse and Makalu, as well as the highest peak of Oceania, Puncak Jaya, lie in the path of annularity. Solar eclipse of November 23, 1965", "title": "Solar eclipse of November 23, 1965" }, { "id": "4958208", "text": "from India also appeared throughout Europe. By the time of India's independence colonial science had assumed importance within the westernized intelligentsia and establishment. French astronomer, Pierre Janssen observed the Solar eclipse of 18 August 1868 and discovered helium, from Guntur in Madras State, British India. History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent The history of science and technology in the Indian Subcontinent begins with prehistoric human activity in the Indus Valley Civilization to early states and empires. Following independence, science and technology in the Republic of India has included automobile engineering, information technology, communications as well as space,", "title": "History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent" }, { "id": "2994138", "text": "Janssen discovered how to observe solar prominences without an eclipse. While observing the solar eclipse of 18 August 1868, at Guntur, Madras State (now in Andhra Pradesh), British India, he noticed bright lines in the spectrum of the chromosphere, showing that the chromosphere is gaseous. Present in the spectrum of the Sun, though not immediately noticed or commented upon, was a bright yellow line later measured to have a wavelength of 587.49 nm. This was the first observation of this particular spectral line, and one possible source for it was an element not yet discovered on the earth. From the", "title": "Pierre Janssen" }, { "id": "5251600", "text": "the prospect of experiencing the first eclipse in 46 years, but found the experience dampened by cloudy skies obscuring the view. In Bangladesh, where the eclipse lasted approximately 3 minutes and 44 seconds, thousands of people were able to witness the eclipse despite rain and overcast skies. This solar eclipse was the longest total solar eclipse to occur in the 21st century, and will not be surpassed in duration until 13 June 2132. Totality lasted for up to 6 minutes and 39 seconds, with the maximum eclipse occurring in the ocean at 02:35:21 UTC about 100 km south of the", "title": "Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009" }, { "id": "14015644", "text": "in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, southern India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Malaysia, Maldives, Indonesia, Singapore, parts of Borneo, other parts of Southeast Asia, some parts of Australia, and Guam. Population centers in the path of the total annular eclipse include Kozhikode, Coimbatore, Jaffna, Trincomalee, Sibolga, Batam, Singapore, Singkawang and Guam. Cities such as Doha, Madurai, Pekanbaru, Dumai and Kuching will narrowly miss the annular path. <BR>Animated path Astronomers Without Borders collected eclipse glasses for redistribution to Latin America and Asia for their 2019 eclipses from the Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017. Solar eclipse of December 26, 2019", "title": "Solar eclipse of December 26, 2019" }, { "id": "14161247", "text": "sent to observe the eclipse. French astronomer Pierre Janssen observed the eclipse from Guntur in Madras State, British India. It was the first total eclipse since Gustav Kirchhoff's 1859 theory that the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum correspond to the emission line of the different chemical elements present in the Sun. Correspondingly, Janssen observed the eclipse with the aid of a spectroscope. He noticed a bright yellow line (\"λ\" = 587.49 nm) in the spectra of the solar prominences that could not be due to sodium as had previously been assumed, and was subsequently able to observe the same", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 18, 1868" }, { "id": "774706", "text": "discoverers, the Indian scientist Sir C. V. Raman, who observed the effect in organic liquids by means of sunlight in 1928 together with K. S. Krishnan, and independently by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam) in inorganic crystals. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for this discovery accomplished using sunlight, a narrow-band photographic filter to create monochromatic light, and a \"crossed filter\" to block this monochromatic light. He found that a small amount of light had changed frequency and passed through the \"crossed\" filter. The first observation of Raman spectra in gases was in 1929 by Franco Rasetti", "title": "Raman spectroscopy" }, { "id": "14168259", "text": "Solar eclipse of January 22, 1898 A total solar eclipse occurred on January 22, 1898. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. It was visible across central Africa, and into India and Asia.", "title": "Solar eclipse of January 22, 1898" }, { "id": "6733053", "text": "place surrounded by water ponds\". The settlement might have been near a pond, a \"gunta\" in Telugu; hence, :gunta uru\" translates to \"pond village\" in Telugu. Another source refers to \"kunta\" (a land measuring unit) which may have transformed to \"kunta uru\" and later to \"Guntur\". The earliest recorded reference of Guntur comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922–929 CE), the Vengi Chalukyan king. French astronomer, Pierre Janssen observed the Solar eclipse of 18 August 1868 and discovered helium, from Guntur in Madras State, British India. The inscriptions stones in the Agastyeshwara temple in 'Naga Lipi' (an ancient", "title": "Guntur" }, { "id": "14129956", "text": "the whole British Malta (now Malta), Ottoman Tripolitania (now Libya), Egypt, Ottoman Empire (parts now belonging to Cretan State in Greece, Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia), Emirate of Jabal Shammar (now belonging to Saudi Arabia), Aden Protectorate (now belonging to Yemen), Muscat and Oman (now Oman), British Raj (the parts now belonging to India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Myanmar), British Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), Siam (name changed to Thailand later), French Indochina (the parts now belonging to Cambodia, southern tip of Laos and southern Vietnam, including Phnom Penh), Bombay Reef in the Paracel Islands, and Philippines. Solar eclipse of", "title": "Solar eclipse of November 11, 1901" }, { "id": "14052225", "text": "Egypt, Mandatory Palestine (today's Israel, Palestine and Jordan) including Jerusalem and Amman, French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (the part now belonging to Syria), Iraq including Baghdad, Persia, Afghanistan, British Raj (the parts now belonging to Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar), Siam (name changed to Thailand later), Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia), North Borneo (now belonging to Malaysia), and Australia. Solar eclipse of August 21, 1933 An annular solar eclipse occurred on August 21, 1933. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 21, 1933" }, { "id": "13406538", "text": "August 1868 as a bright yellow line during a total solar eclipse in Guntur, India. On 20 October of the same year, English astronomer Norman Lockyer observed a yellow line in the solar spectrum. He took the observation in West Hampstead, United Kingdom. Norman Lockyer set up an observation post at the Vijaydurg Fort for the Solar eclipse of January 22, 1898. In his report he does not mention that he ever had been to the Fort before. On that occasion a platform was built. Since 2009 World Helium Day is celebrated at the Fort. Friday, 18 August 2015, has", "title": "Vijaydurg Fort" }, { "id": "13327730", "text": "of Maldives, started at 12:20:20 and ended at 12:30:06 Maldives local time (UTC+5). This was also the longest duration of any eclipse with an international airport in its track. At approximately 13:20 IST, the annular solar eclipse entered India at Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), Kerala and exited India at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. The eclipse was viewable for 10.4 minutes in India. After Rameswaram, it entered Sri Lanka at Delft Island, exited at Jaffna in Sri Lanka, crossed the Bay of Bengal and re-entered India in Mizoram. Thiruvananthapuram, which was the entry point of the eclipse in India, was equipped with telescopes and", "title": "Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010" }, { "id": "7472007", "text": "shadow began in the Atlantic Ocean and, before noon, was traversing the southern United Kingdom, northern France, Belgium, Luxembourg, southern Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, and northern FR Yugoslavia (Vojvodina). The eclipse's maximum was at 11:03 UTC at in Romania (next to a town called Ocnele Mari near Râmnicu Vâlcea); and it continued across Bulgaria, the Black Sea, Turkey, northeastern tip of Syria, northern Iraq, Iran, southern Pakistan and Srikakulam in India and ended in the Bay of Bengal. It was the first total eclipse visible from Europe since 22 July 1990, and the first visible in the United Kingdom", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 11, 1999" }, { "id": "7494505", "text": "Indian Ocean until it terminated at sunset, 12:22 UT. The maximum eclipse duration occurred in central Sudan at 10:31:42 UT, where it lasted for 4m 31s when the Sun was 71° above the horizon. The motion of the shadow was supersonic and it generated gravity waves that were detectable as disturbances in the ionosphere. These gravity waves originate in the thermosphere at an altitude of about 180 km. Because of the obscuration of solar radiation, the ionization level dropped by 70% during the eclipse. The eclipse caused a 1–1.4 K drop in the temperature of the ionosphere. <BR>Degania A, Israel", "title": "Solar eclipse of October 3, 2005" }, { "id": "14033218", "text": "Solar eclipse of October 24, 1995 A total solar eclipse occurred on October 24, 1995. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The path of totality went through Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, southwestern", "title": "Solar eclipse of October 24, 1995" }, { "id": "5251599", "text": "River in Varanasi, India to experience the eclipse as a religious or spiritual event. Some people expected that there would be a relationship, either positive or negative, between their health and the occurrence of the eclipse. Indian scientists observed the solar eclipse from an Indian Air Force plane. The Chinese government used the opportunity to provide scientific education and to dispel any superstition. A flight by China Eastern Airlines from Wuhan to Shanghai took a slight detour and followed the course of the eclipse to allow longer observation time for the scientists on board. Observers in Japan were excited by", "title": "Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009" }, { "id": "11718152", "text": "of Luzon and other areas. Photos were taken by groups of amateur astronomers from the Astronomical League of the Philippines (ALP). South America and portions of West Africa missed the eclipse completely as it happened in the early morning. Asia Australia and Oceania Europe and Middle East North America The eclipse occurred on Saturday evening in Australia. Eastern Daylight Saving Time: (+11:00 UTC) The eclipse was visible from India in the evening, given in India Standard Time (UTC+5:30): The eclipse was visible on Saturday morning before sunrise over North America. For most location the moon set before full lunar eclipse.", "title": "December 2011 lunar eclipse" }, { "id": "14129662", "text": "Norway, Sweden, Russian Empire (the parts now belonging to Åland Islands, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, including cities of Riga, Minsk, Kiev and northeastern part of Vilnius), Ottoman Empire (the parts now belonging to Turkey, northeastern tip of Syria and northern Iraq), Persia and British Raj (the parts now belonging to Pakistan and western tip of India). It was the first of four total solar eclipses that would be seen from Sweden during the next 40 years. Erwin Finlay-Freundlich led an expedition to Crimea in an attempt to verify the general relativity theory of Albert Einstein during", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914" }, { "id": "20069087", "text": "India. Parts of the northern portion by the Equator was largely blocked by clouds due to the monsoon season. Solar eclipse of June 27, 1862 A partial solar eclipse occurred on June 27, 1862 during winter. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth. As is shown over 92% obscuration, the center of the Moon's shadow was missed", "title": "Solar eclipse of June 27, 1862" }, { "id": "10250608", "text": "brightest and largest solar hydrogen eruption up to that date. The following year, Dr Royds and Professor Stratton of Gonville and Cauis College, Cambridge, led the eclipse expedition to Siam (now Thailand), to photograph a total solar eclipse. Unfortunately, clouds prevented almost all observations. In 1936 Dr Royds acted as the Director General of Observatories in India for one year, while the DG was on leave. This entailed responsibility for the Indian Meteorological Service. Later that year, Royds and Stratton led a solar expedition to Hojjaido, Japan, mainly to study how the wavelengths on different parts of the sun's disc", "title": "Thomas Royds" }, { "id": "13599046", "text": "solar eclipse should be visible for at least three minutes and 38 seconds from Taregana. However, the maximum duration of the eclipse will be six minutes 38 seconds in the Pacific Ocean. However, on 22 July the eclipse was obscured by heavy cloud cover. Taregana Taregana or Taregna (literally, Counting Stars), is a small town in Bihar, India, about from Patna. In Taregna, Aryabhata set up an astronomical observatory in the Sun Temple 6th century. It is believed that here he proposed the Heliocentric Model. Taregna is located at Average elevation from sea level at 61 meters as per Google", "title": "Taregana" }, { "id": "1853759", "text": "and because their papers reached the French academy on the same day, he and Lockyer usually are awarded joint credit for helium's discovery. Terrestrial helium was found about 27 years later by the Scottish chemist William Ramsay. In his work on the identification of helium, Lockyer collaborated with the noted chemist Edward Frankland. To facilitate the transmission of ideas between scientific disciplines, Lockyer established the general science journal \"Nature\" in 1869. He remained its editor until shortly before his death. Lockyer led eight expeditions to observe solar eclipses for example in 1870 to Sicily, 1871 to India and 1898 to", "title": "Norman Lockyer" }, { "id": "13327729", "text": "eclipse within a narrow stretch of width across Central Africa, Maldives, South Kerala (India), South Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka and parts of Bangladesh, Burma and China. The eclipse started in the Central African Republic near the border with Chad, traversed DR Congo and Uganda, passed through Nairobi, Kenya, the northern tip of Tanzania, southwestern Somalia and three islands of Seychelles (Bird, Denis and Aride), and passed over the Indian Ocean, where it reached its greatest visibility. It then entered Maldives, where it was the longest on land with 10.8 viewable minutes. The annular eclipse at Malé, the capital city", "title": "Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010" }, { "id": "14030303", "text": "Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, and crossed into Canada, across southern Greenland, Iceland and Faroe Islands, then into Europe, across Norway, Sweden, and eastern Europe. It ended before sunset over Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and ending in northwestern India. The southwestern part of Vilnius, northeastern part of Kiev, southwestern part of Baku were covered by the path of totality. The northeastern part of Mount Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe, also lies in the path of totality. Solar eclipse of June 30, 1954 A total solar eclipse occurred on June 30, 1954. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth", "title": "Solar eclipse of June 30, 1954" }, { "id": "14025870", "text": "the longest solar eclipse of saros series 136, as well as the longest total solar eclipse since the 11th century, and until the 22nd century. Totality beginning over the Indian Ocean, British Seychelles (today's Seychelles) and Maldives, crossing Ceylon (name changed to Sri Lanka later) including the capital city Colombo, Andaman Islands, Burma, Thailand including the capital city Bangkok, Cambodia, Laos, South Vietnam (now belonging to Vietnam), Paracel Islands and Scarborough Shoal (near the greatest eclipse), moving across the Philippines including the capital city Manila, Kayangel Atoll in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (now belonging to Palau), Nukumanu", "title": "Solar eclipse of June 20, 1955" }, { "id": "1960624", "text": "C. V. Raman Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (; 7 November 188821 November 1970) was an Indian physicist born in the former Madras Province in India presently the state of Tamil Nadu, who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect. In 1954, India honoured him with its highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. C.V. Raman was born in a Telugu speaking", "title": "C. V. Raman" }, { "id": "12943842", "text": "visible from a narrow corridor beginning in the south Atlantic Ocean and sweeping eastward 900 km south of Africa, slowly curving northeast through the Indian Ocean. Its first landfall was in the Cocos Islands followed by southern Sumatra and western Java. It continued somewhat more easterly across central Borneo, across the northwestern edge of Celebes, then ending just before Mindanao, Philippines. The border of Sarawak, Malaysia in southeast part of Kapit Division nearly missed the annular line. <BR>Animated path Photos: Solar eclipse of January 26, 2009 An annular solar eclipse occurred on January 26, 2009. A solar eclipse occurs when", "title": "Solar eclipse of January 26, 2009" }, { "id": "14026192", "text": "Middle East, central Asia, India, China. 5 of the 14 eight-thousanders in Pakistan and China—Nanga Parbat, K2, Broad Peak, Gasherbrum II and Gasherbrum I, lie in the path of annularity. Solar eclipse of April 29, 1976 An annular solar eclipse occurred on April 29, 1976. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look", "title": "Solar eclipse of April 29, 1976" }, { "id": "20068412", "text": "January 20). The subsolar marking was in the Indian Ocean around the Tropic of Capricorn and offshore from the Agalega Islands. Solar eclipse of January 21, 1852 A partial solar eclipse occurred on January 21, 1852 during summer. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth. It was first of three partial eclipses that took place that year", "title": "Solar eclipse of January 21, 1852" }, { "id": "17250470", "text": "educated his children at home. Gertrude became her father's scientific collaborator in both astronomy and aeronautics. She was an original member of the British Astronomical Association, and a member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. She accompanied her father on expeditions to film total solar eclipses in Vadso, Lapland (1896), Buxar, India (Dec 1897-1898), and Wadesborough, North Carolina (May 1900). When their first expedition was unsuccessful, due to cloudy weather, they went home and planned another. Their second and third attempts were successful. Aeronautics fascinated Gertrude. She was the first woman in England to make a proper", "title": "Gertrude Bacon" }, { "id": "7745033", "text": "failed to predict an eclipse 4,000 years ago. Perhaps the earliest still-unproven claim is that of archaeologist Bruce Masse, who putatively links an eclipse that occurred on May 10, 2807 BC with a possible meteor impact in the Indian Ocean on the basis of several ancient flood myths that mention a total solar eclipse. Eclipses have been interpreted as omens, or portents. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus wrote that Thales of Miletus predicted an eclipse that occurred during a battle between the Medes and the Lydians. Both sides put down their weapons and declared peace as a result of the", "title": "Solar eclipse" }, { "id": "20047753", "text": "at 61.3 S, 145.6 E at 7:36 UTC (4:36 PM local time). The subsolar marking was in the Indian Ocean north of the Equator. Solar eclipse of April 5, 1837 A partial solar eclipse occurred on April 5, 1837 during fall. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth. It was the first of three partial eclipses that", "title": "Solar eclipse of April 5, 1837" }, { "id": "14168318", "text": "Indian ocean, and across southeastern Asia. Astronomers J. N. Lockyer and Arthur Schuster traveled to observe the eclipse and measure spectral lines to determine the elemental contents of the solar corona. Solar eclipse of April 6, 1875 A total solar eclipse occurred on April 6, 1875. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in", "title": "Solar eclipse of April 6, 1875" }, { "id": "13014678", "text": "September 2015 lunar eclipse, measured as 29.66' and 33.47' in diameter from the center of the earth. It occurred 3 days before apogee at 29.42'. The eclipse was visible across the Pacific, including all of Australia and New Zealand. It was visible near sunrise for North America, and after sunset for eastern Asia including India. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes within Earth's umbra (shadow). As the eclipse begins, Earth's shadow first darkens the Moon slightly. Then, the shadow begins to \"cover\" part of the Moon, turning it a dark red-brown color (typically - the color can vary", "title": "April 2015 lunar eclipse" }, { "id": "14025719", "text": "Solar eclipse of February 16, 1980 A total solar eclipse occurred on February 16, 1980. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The path of totality crossed central Africa, southern India, and into", "title": "Solar eclipse of February 16, 1980" }, { "id": "16827368", "text": "\"2\". In 1868 and 1871, Pogson joined the Indian solar eclipse expeditions. He received a telegram from Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues on November 30, 1872 which read \"Biela touched Earth on 27th. search near Theta Centauri\", a message so esoteric that it caught the fancy of the newspapers of the time. Unfortunately the skies were cloudy in Madras and when it cleared up on December 2, 1872, he observed an object (recorded as X/1872 X1) which he believed to be a return of Biela's Comet but was later found to be a different object which has been called \"Pogson's comet\".", "title": "N. R. Pogson" }, { "id": "8989527", "text": "In modern times, Indian people have continued to contribute to mathematics, sciences and astrophysics. Among them are Satyendra Nath Bose, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Meghnad Saha, Homi J. Bhabha, Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis and notable Nobel Prize recipients C. V. Raman, Har Gobind Khorana, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar who is notable for currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars, including black holes. Bharat Mata (Hindi, from Sanskrit , \"Bhārata Mātā\"), \"Mother India\", or \"Bhāratāmbā\" (from अंबा \"ambā\" 'mother') is the national personification of India as a mother goddess. The image of Bharat Mata formed with", "title": "Indian people" }, { "id": "1272852", "text": "Radcliffe Observatory by Hornsby, Robertson and Rigaud. He successfully observed the total solar eclipse of 8 August 1896 at Novaya Zemlya, and intended a voyage to India for the eclipse of 1898, but died suddenly at the Radcliffe Observatory. The number of his astronomical publications exceeds 150, but his reputation depends mainly on his earlier work at Greenwich and his two great star catalogues—the Cape catalogue for 1880 and the Radcliffe catalogue for 1890. He had married Grace Tuckett; they had at least four children. Edward James Stone Edward James Stone (28 February 1831 – 6 May 1897) was an", "title": "Edward James Stone" }, { "id": "1960630", "text": "Raman effect\". He is the first Asian and first non-white to receive any Nobel Prize in the sciences. Before him Rabindranath Tagore (also Indian) had received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. Raman and Suri Bhagavantam discovered the quantum photon spin in 1932, which further confirmed the quantum nature of light. Raman had association with the Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi; he attended the foundation ceremony of BHU and delivered lectures on \"Mathematics\" and \"Some new paths in physics\" during the lecture series organised at BHU from 5 to 8 February 1916. He also held the position of permanent", "title": "C. V. Raman" }, { "id": "18160904", "text": "as being a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. Prof. Habbal focus on the origin and evolution of the solar wind, solar magnetic fields and eclipse polarimetric observations. She led 10 solar eclipse expeditions, visiting places such as India (1995), Guadeloupe (1998), China (2008) and French Polynesia (2010). Habbal led a team of the Hawaii Institute for Astronomy that took part in the observation of solar corona during eclipse in association with NASA in 2006, 2008 and 2009, she also played a key role in establishing the NASA Parker Solar Probe which, if launched, will be the first spacecraft to", "title": "Shadia Habbal" }, { "id": "16592759", "text": "Indonesia and Indian Ocean, while the annularity was visible in northern Africa, Middle East, and Indian Ocean. Solar eclipse of August 17, 1803 An annular solar eclipse occurred on August 17, 1803. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 17, 1803" }, { "id": "17909784", "text": "Alladin was a prominent member of many scientific societies such as the International Astronomical Union, Astronomical Society of India, Plasma Science Society of India, the Indian Association for General Relativity and Gravitation and the Indian Association of Physics Teachers. Showed that Solar and Lunar eclipses occur simultaneously every 22 years in Ramadan but to occur specific area is almost impossible, and that the last Solar and Lunar eclipses above Qadian occurred 600 years ago. His grandfather Seth Abdullah Alladin was the first in his family to join the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and devoted a large part of his wealth to", "title": "Saleh Muhammad Alladin" }, { "id": "5251596", "text": "Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009 A total solar eclipse occurred on July 22, 2009. It was the longest total solar eclipse during the 21st century. It lasted a maximum of 6 minutes and 39 seconds off the coast of Southeast Asia, causing tourist interest in eastern China, Pakistan, Japan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. A partial eclipse was seen within the broad path of the Moon's penumbra, including most of Southeast Asia (all of Pakistan, India and China) and north-eastern Oceania. The total eclipse was visible from a narrow corridor through northern India, eastern Nepal, northern Bangladesh, Bhutan, the northern", "title": "Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009" }, { "id": "20062650", "text": "Yemen, Nubia, near the tip of the Horn of Africa and the Chagos Archipelago, and on the other side west of Cape Verde, near the island of São Tomé, the Congo including Katanga, Malawi, modern day Mozambique and southcentral Madagascar. Areas that were in the rim of the eclipse included Cornwall, France (Normandy and Paris), Alsace, southern German states, most of Austria, Hungary, Transylvania, Ottoman Wallachia (now Romania), Turkey and Armenia, Persia, India (Orissa) and the middle of Siam (now Thailand) and on the other side Namacqualand (now Namibia) and Basutoland. The eclipse started in West Africa and Brazil and", "title": "Solar eclipse of September 16, 1792" }, { "id": "1960644", "text": "any proceedings with regards to the Institute's management. Raman died from natural causes early next morning on 21 November 1970. C. V. Raman Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (; 7 November 188821 November 1970) was an Indian physicist born in the former Madras Province in India presently the state of Tamil Nadu, who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect. In", "title": "C. V. Raman" }, { "id": "14015533", "text": "Solar eclipse of February 16, 1999 An annular solar eclipse occurred on February 16, 1999. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Annularity was visible in the southern Indian Ocean", "title": "Solar eclipse of February 16, 1999" }, { "id": "17821543", "text": "Chandragrohon Chandragrohon: The Lunar Eclipse (), is a Bangladeshi film based on a short story written by Indian Bengali author Syed Mustafa Siraj. The film was released 2008 and younger director Murad Parvez first time directed the film. The film features Riaz, Shohana Saba, and Champa in lead roles along with Shahiduzzaman Selim, KS Firoz, Dilara Jaman, Kohinur, Gazi Rakayet, and Azom Faruk supporting role. In 2008, the film won three National Film Awards and including other four awards. A mad woman (Champa) lived near the Marwari Ghat. People from the market had physical relationship with her at nights. As", "title": "Chandragrohon" }, { "id": "14063864", "text": "4 central solar eclipses in just 10 years. The duration of annularity at maximum eclipse (closest to but slightly shorter than the longest duration) was 12 minutes, 9.2 seconds in the Indian Ocean. It was the longest annular solar eclipse from December 17, 168 to January 14, 3080. Among all the 23740 solar eclipses from 4000 BC to 6000 AD, 7881 are annular, and only 3 of them are longer than this one. With a maximum length of annularity duration of 12 minutes and 9 seconds, this is the longest solar eclipse in the millennium, also the longest duration in", "title": "Solar eclipse of December 14, 1955" }, { "id": "8181180", "text": "locations within the path of totality to watch the solar eclipse. It was reported that the solar eclipse should be visible for at least three minutes and 38 seconds from Taregana. However, the maximum duration of the eclipse will be six minutes 38 seconds in the Pacific Ocean. However, on 22 July the eclipse was obscured by heavy cloud cover. Masaurhi Masaurhi (Hindi - मसौढ़ी) is a city and a Nagar Parishad in Patna district in the Indian state of Bihar. Masaurhi is also a Sub-division in Patna district. India census, Masaurhi has a population of 241,216. Males constitute 52.1%", "title": "Masaurhi" }, { "id": "14130043", "text": "parts now belonging to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan), China, French Indochina (the part now belonging to Vietnam), Philippines, Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia), Territory of Papua (now belonging to Papua New Guinea) including the capital city Port Moresby, and British Western Pacific Territories (the parts now belonging to Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, including the city of Honiara and Tulagi). Solar eclipse of October 22, 1911 An annual solar eclipse occurred on October 22, 1911. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer", "title": "Solar eclipse of October 22, 1911" }, { "id": "12834890", "text": "event took place between India and Pakistan on February 9, during a penumbral lunar eclipse. An Indian astronomy group in Bhuj, India and a Pakistani astronomy group in Lahore, Pakistan held observing nights and astronomy speeches in SOS Children's Villages for young children. In 2010, events were ongoing. StarPeace Project The StarPeace Project was a global special project first organised in conjunction with the International Year of Astronomy in 2009. StarPeace project participants held public star parties near a border of their country with a neighboring country. The intention was to show that there are no borders in the real", "title": "StarPeace Project" }, { "id": "14051845", "text": "Maldives and Christmas Island in the Straits Settlements (now in Australia) in the Indian Ocean, and Australia. Two large scientific expeditions investigated Einstein's theory of relativity. Solar eclipse of September 21, 1922 A total solar eclipse occurred on September 21, 1922. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's", "title": "Solar eclipse of September 21, 1922" }, { "id": "14068977", "text": "Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974 A total solar eclipse occurred on June 20, 1974. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The path of totality passed over the Indian Ocean, Amsterdam Island,", "title": "Solar eclipse of June 20, 1974" }, { "id": "19888553", "text": "TIFR, Bombay in 1977 where he began his research in astrophysics with Professor Jayant Vishnu Narlikar. His thesis was entitled \"An investigation of the properties of intergalactic dust\". Rana was awarded the INSA Young Scientist Award in 1983 and the Year’s Best Thesis award in the School of Physics, TIFR. In spite of non-cooperative health and recurrent problems with his pace maker, Rana has left his mark in many branches of Astrophysics and in Amateur Astronomy in India. He was the Chairman of the CIAA. His project of measuring the diameter of the Sun during the total solar eclipse on", "title": "Narayan Chandra Rana" }, { "id": "14073383", "text": "belonging to Ivory Coast), southwestern tip of British Gold Coast (now Ghana), Príncipe Island in Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, southern Spanish Guinea (now Equatorial Guinea), French Equatorial Africa (the parts now belonging to Gabon and R. Congo, including Libreville), Belgian Congo (now DR Congo), northeastern Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), northern tip of Nyasaland (now Malawi), German East Africa (now belonging to Tanzania) and northeastern Portuguese Mozambique (now Mozambique), ending near sunset in eastern Africa. Albert Einstein's prediction of the bending of light by the gravity of the Sun, one of the components of his general theory of relativity, can", "title": "Solar eclipse of May 29, 1919" }, { "id": "13327732", "text": "Nadu Astronomical Association. Dhanushkodi, which falls on the central line of the eclipse, was a good place to view the eclipse. The northernmost limit of shadow in India was Cuddalore, Neyveli, Erode, Kodaikanal, and Madurai. Other prime viewing locations in Tamil Nadu include Thoothukudi and Cape Comorin, 22 km north of the center line. The exact location of the line is between the NH end and the Dhanushkodi ruins. Dhanushkodi is about 2 km east of the central line. The degree difference is about 0.2 between the central line – with Kodandaramar Temple and Dhanushkodi ruins vice versa. Dhanushkodi is", "title": "Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010" }, { "id": "14116090", "text": "wide. This will be the first total solar eclipse to exceed 7 minutes in term of duration since June 30, 1973. Totality will start in the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia, continue across the northern Pacific Ocean, and end in the eastern Pacific. Solar eclipse of June 25, 2150 A total solar eclipse will occur on June 25, 2150. It will be the longest total eclipse since the 11th century. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total", "title": "Solar eclipse of June 25, 2150" }, { "id": "2918028", "text": "platform with the Chrysler Sebring and Dodge Stratus. During May 2005, the fourth, and final, generation (4G) Eclipse was introduced, replacing the Chrysler platform used in the first three generations with the PS platform. According to Mitsubishi Motors, the Eclipse was named after an unbeaten 18th-century English racehorse that had won 26 races. The Eclipse was officially marketed in North America, Oman, South Korea, the Philippines, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, and China. At the end of August 2011, the final Eclipse rolled off the assembly line, and was auctioned off, the proceeds donated to charity. In January 2017, Mitsubishi", "title": "Mitsubishi Eclipse" }, { "id": "6133815", "text": "various terrestrial locations. The divisions of the year were on the basis of religious rites and seasons (\"Rtu\"). The duration from mid March—Mid May was taken to be spring (\"vasanta\"), mid May—mid July: summer (\"grishma\"), mid July—mid September: rains (\"varsha\"), mid September—mid November: autumn, mid November—mid January: winter, mid January—mid March: \"dew\" (\"śiśira\"). In the \"\", the year begins with the winter solstice. Hindu calendars have several eras: J.A.B. van Buitenen (2008) reports on the calendars in India: Among the devices used for astronomy was gnomon, known as \"Sanku\", in which the shadow of a vertical rod is applied on", "title": "Indian astronomy" }, { "id": "14161249", "text": "calculations were better — by about two seconds — than those of the French astronomers, who acknowledged his accuracy. Mongkut was exposed to malaria, then developed chills and fever. He died on October 1, 1868. According to the Thai Astronomical Society and NASA, this eclipse is known as \"The King of Siam's eclipse\". It is a part of solar Saros 133. Solar eclipse of August 18, 1868 A total solar eclipse occurred on August 18, 1868, also known as \"The King of Siam's eclipse\". A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 18, 1868" }, { "id": "11519270", "text": "moon rising at sunset. In the Philippines it was observable as a partial lunar eclipse just after sunset. Predictions suggested that the total eclipse may appear unusually orange or red, as a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi in Indonesia on October 26. Individual shots, sorted by time: Animations: The lunar year series repeats after 12 lunations or 354 days (Shifting back about 10 days in sequential years). Because of the date shift, the Earth's shadow will be about 11 degrees west in sequential events. A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years", "title": "December 2010 lunar eclipse" }, { "id": "3241470", "text": "special effects are liberally used in the programmes at the sky theatre. The planetarium was reopened in September 2010, after renovations worth Rs. 11 crore, ahead of the 2010 Commonwealth Games and received Queen's Baton. It now has 'Definiti optical star projector \"Megastar\" that can show 2 million stars. It also sets up old telescopes, projection boxes and solar filters at its premises at major Solar eclipses. Nehru Planetarium Nehru Planetariums are the five planetariums in India, named after India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. These are located in Mumbai, New Delhi, Pune and Bangalore, plus there is a Jawahar", "title": "Nehru Planetarium" }, { "id": "13406537", "text": "the Vijaydurg Fort and Ganpatipule. The cycle race between Chinmay (the lead character) and his friends to the fort lends the movie its title. Some of the locals claim that Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, a British scientist was observing a solar eclipse from this fort on 18 August 1868. The y claim that during his observation that the Helium Gas was discovered on Sun in the form of a yellow flame. The published reports on the discovery of helium report, that helium was discovered by two scientists independently in 1868. French astronomer Jules Janssen observed helium emission lines on 18", "title": "Vijaydurg Fort" }, { "id": "8833520", "text": "in that country during the Yemeni Crisis.<ref name=\"http://www.hindustantimes.com/ 2015\"></ref> The Indian Air Force successfully undertook sorties to help Indian scientists study the total solar eclipse that took place on 23 July 2010. Two separate missions from Agra and Gwalior were flown along the path of the moon's shadow, a mission that was deemed hugely successful by scientists associated with the experiment. While one AN-32 transport aircraft carrying scientific equipment, cameras and scientists took off from Agra and landed back after a three-hour flight, a Mirage-2000 trainer from Gwalior took images of the celestial spectacle from . With weather being clear", "title": "Indian Armed Forces" }, { "id": "9725775", "text": "biggest superstar, Amitabh Bachchan share the stage, and is described by organisers as one of the biggest events held in India.\" Shekhar Kapur, Nobel laureate Rajendra Pachauri, Abhishek Bachchan, and Aishwarya Rai also planned to star in the event. Additional acts included Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, Hrithik Roshan, Preity Zinta, Roger Waters of \"Pink Floyd\", will.i.am, Hard Kaur, and Anoushka Shankar. Palash Sen stated that his band, \"Euphoria\", was scheduled to launch a song written for the concert on the topic of global warming. \"Live Earth\" would have been broadcast by STAR TV (Asia), which works in conjunction with the \"STAR Plus\" channel", "title": "Live Earth" }, { "id": "14063865", "text": "Saros 141, one of the longest eclipse that ever happened. The annular path begins in northern Africa,then passing Maldives (near the maximum eclipse), then crosses just southern edge of Sri Lanka, then the track continues to some countries in Indochina and the track ends just slightly after the track passes Taiwan. Solar eclipse of December 14, 1955 An annular solar eclipse occurred on December 14, 1955. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when", "title": "Solar eclipse of December 14, 1955" }, { "id": "14130093", "text": "Solar eclipse of August 1, 1943 An annular solar eclipse occurred on August 1, 1943. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Annularity was visible in the southern Indian Ocean,", "title": "Solar eclipse of August 1, 1943" }, { "id": "14068963", "text": "Namibia), Angola, Zambia, southeastern Zaire (today's Democratic Republic of Congo), northern Malawi, Tanzania, Seychelles and the whole British Indian Ocean Territory. Solar eclipse of April 18, 1977 An annular solar eclipse occurred on April 18, 1977. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as", "title": "Solar eclipse of April 18, 1977" }, { "id": "20497658", "text": "married Elsie Margaret Bradshaw, daughter of British Surgeon-General Sir Alexander Frederick Bradshaw. They had one child, a daughter named Enid. A redetermination of the longitude of Karachi undertaken by Burrard and Lenox-Conyngham in 1894, which required journeys to Europe and the Middle-East, was later found, using radio signals, to be accurate to 0.02 of a second of arc. In 1898, Lenox-Conyngham received two British astronomers to observe the total eclipse in northern India, including Cambridge astrophysicist Hugh Newall with whom he became firm friends, unknowingly smoothing the path for a future career at Cambridge. Burrard suggested that anomalies in latitude", "title": "Gerald Lenox-Conyngham" }, { "id": "14063863", "text": "part now belonging to Chad), Libya, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (the part now belonging to Sudan) including the capital city Khartoum, French Somaliland (today's Djibouti) including the capital Djibouti City, British Somaliland (today's Somaliland) including the capital city Hargeisa, the Trust Territory of Somaliland (today's Somalia), the Maldives, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Burma, Thailand including the capital city Bangkok, Cambodia, Laos, North Vietnam and South Vietnam (now belonging to Vietnam), China, British Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Ryukyu Islands. It was the third central solar eclipse visible from Bangkok from 1948 to 1958, where it is rare for a large city to witness", "title": "Solar eclipse of December 14, 1955" }, { "id": "17821545", "text": "and also other four awards totally seven sections. Chandragrohon Chandragrohon: The Lunar Eclipse (), is a Bangladeshi film based on a short story written by Indian Bengali author Syed Mustafa Siraj. The film was released 2008 and younger director Murad Parvez first time directed the film. The film features Riaz, Shohana Saba, and Champa in lead roles along with Shahiduzzaman Selim, KS Firoz, Dilara Jaman, Kohinur, Gazi Rakayet, and Azom Faruk supporting role. In 2008, the film won three National Film Awards and including other four awards. A mad woman (Champa) lived near the Marwari Ghat. People from the market", "title": "Chandragrohon" }, { "id": "13327731", "text": "announced facilities for the public to view the eclipse. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, situated in Trivandrum, analysed the atmospheric-ionospheric parameters during the eclipse. Many scientists camped in the city to witness and study the eclipse. At Rameswaram, the sunrise was not visible due to thick clouds, but it started getting clear at around 9 AM local time and became almost totally clear by the time the eclipse began. The sky had a thin layer of cirrus clouds till 2:30PM. Among the eclipse-watchers was Sky Watchers' Association of North Bengal (SWAN) from Siliguri at the foothills of West Bengal and Tamil", "title": "Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010" }, { "id": "6139799", "text": "which time he obtained the first film ever taken of a total eclipse of the Sun during a Royal Astronomical Society expedition to India in 1899, and took part in a mission in 1900 for Lloyd's of London to the South African Government to establish wireless telegraphic stations on the coast. Having been instrumental in founding the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) in 1903, he served in the Auxiliary Naval Service during World War I and was later Commodore of the RNVR Clyde Division, then the East Coast of Scotland RNVR, and fulfilled the role of Commodore of the entire", "title": "James Graham, 6th Duke of Montrose" }, { "id": "19502105", "text": "song was \"I Really Love You, My Love\" where she sang at her cousin's wedding. Later she stars in a movie and became famous as an actress; gaining more fans at her first leading role movie with Nay Toe in \"The Time Of Solar Eclipse\". She comes from the S0E family, her family is well-known and famous in Myanmar. Her father is a veterinarian and her mother is a teacher. Her cousins include actresses Soe Myat Thu Zar and Soe Myat Nandra, as well as hip hop artist Sandy Myint Lwin.<ref name= \"http://moviestar.myanmarcelebrity.com\"> Myanmar Celebrity Cousins of famous actresses and", "title": "Soe Pyae Thazin" }, { "id": "15197625", "text": "He left the army around 1905 and attempted unsuccessfully to enter politics. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1911, his candidacy citation reading: He developed an interest in astronomy, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. He took part in observations of eclipses of the sun in 1896 (Japan) and 1898 (India). He was recalled from a similar exercise in Russia at the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and appointed Assistant Chief Engineer of Eastern Command. He was awarded CBE in 1918. He served as president of the Royal Astronomical Society", "title": "Edmond Herbert Grove-Hills" }, { "id": "14069071", "text": "left helplessly standing in the rain with cloud cover entirely too thick to witness the eclipse. It also served an important function in the plots of two Stephen King novels, \"Gerald's Game\" (1992) and \"Dolores Claiborne\" (1992) and was featured in a season 3 episode of \"Mad Men\" titled \"Seven Twenty Three\" (2009). Solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 A total solar eclipse occurred on Saturday, July 20, 1963. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar", "title": "Solar eclipse of July 20, 1963" }, { "id": "20786720", "text": "EPIC 211945201 b EPIC 211945201 b is a Neptune-like exoplanet that orbits an F-type star. It is also called K2-236b. Its mass is 27 Earths, it takes 19.5 days to complete one orbit of its star, and is 0.148 AU from its star. Its discovery was reannounced in 2018. This was the first exoplanet discovered by scientists based in Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India. The discoverers were Abhijit Chakraborty, Arpita Roy, Rishikesh Sharma, Suvrath Mahadevan, Priyanka Chaturvedi, Neelam J.S.S.V Prasad, and B. G. Anandarao. The exoplanet EPIC 211945201 b was discovered in 2018 using the transit method. Using this method,", "title": "EPIC 211945201 b" }, { "id": "14068936", "text": "Kazakhstan), China (including Shanghai), southwestern Mongolia, Okinawa Islands of Japan except Kume Island and the southwestern tip of Kerama Islands, the Federal States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Rotuma Islands of Fiji, Wallis Islands and West Samoa (the name changed to Samoa later). Solar eclipse of September 23, 1987 An annular solar eclipse occurred on September 23, 1987. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller", "title": "Solar eclipse of September 23, 1987" }, { "id": "14025991", "text": "Sumatra), Singapore, Eastern Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines. <BR>Animated path Solar eclipse of April 20, 2042 A total solar eclipse will occur on April 20, 2042. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.", "title": "Solar eclipse of April 20, 2042" }, { "id": "14088885", "text": "to Central African Republic), northeastern Belgian Congo (today's DR Congo), southwestern tip of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (the part now belonging to South Sudan), British Uganda (today's Uganda), British Kenya (today's Kenya), southern tip of Italian Somaliland (today's Somalia), British Seychelles (today's Seychelles), Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia), North Borneo (now belonging to Malaysia), and Philippines. Solar eclipse of January 14, 1926 A total solar eclipse occurred on January 14, 1926. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar", "title": "Solar eclipse of January 14, 1926" }, { "id": "1712161", "text": "was renamed Chandra as part of a contest held by NASA in 1998, which drew more than 6,000 submissions worldwide. The contest winners, Jatila van der Veen and Tyrel Johnson (then a high school teacher and high school student, respectively), suggested the name in honor of Nobel Prize–winning Indian-American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. He is known for his work in determining the maximum mass of white dwarf stars, leading to greater understanding of high energy astronomical phenomena such as neutron stars and black holes. Fittingly, the name Chandra means \"moon\" in Sanskrit. Originally scheduled to be launched in December 1998, the", "title": "Chandra X-ray Observatory" }, { "id": "14068930", "text": "capital city Mogadishu), the Indian Ocean and Macquarie Island of Australia. Solar eclipse of September 11, 1988 An annular solar eclipse occurred on September 11, 1988. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands", "title": "Solar eclipse of September 11, 1988" }, { "id": "6393395", "text": "of 0.38 in magnitude (). According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid measures 36.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.07, while the \"Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link\" derives an albedo of 0.05 and a diameter of 33.8 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.2. This minor planet was named in honor of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995), the Nobel Prize winning Indian–American theoretical astrophysicist \"(also see Chandrasekhar limit)\". The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 November 1979 (). 1958 Chandra 1958", "title": "1958 Chandra" }, { "id": "16593841", "text": "The greatest eclipse was in the Sahara Desert in modern-day Algeria at 26.7 N, 4.5 W at 11:16:33 UTC, in that portion it shown as a total eclipse, the remainder was as an annular. The eclipse was visible in the northeast of Brazil, most of Africa and Europe. The umbral portion included Portuguese Cape Verde (now independent) with the island of Santo Antão, the Arguin region (now part of Mauritania), the Moorish lands, the Regency of Algiers (then under Ottoman suzerainty, now Algeria), Sardinia, Italy with southern Tuscany, Umbria and modern Emilia-Romagna, Slovenia (then called Carniola), parts of the Venetian", "title": "Solar eclipse of February 11, 1804" }, { "id": "15198463", "text": "Studios. Much of the filming was done at the Corbett National Park and the Bandhavgarh National Park. The film stars Jaaved Jaaferi, Nandana Sen and Ankur Vikal. The Magic of Cinema on the full display. The forest wildlife sequences is filmed by world-renowned Bedi Brothers, Naresh Bedi & Rajesh Bedi (First Indian to win Green Oscar in 1984 and only Indian to have won two BAFTA, British Academy of Film and Television Arts Nomination for two tigers films- Saving the Tigers & Man Eating Tiger), Additional Cinematographer & Sound is done by Naresh's twin son Vijay Bedi & Ajay Bedi", "title": "Ashvin Kumar" }, { "id": "242744", "text": "as the Moon being swallowed by other animals, such as a jaguar in Mayan tradition, or a three legged toad in China. Some societies thought it was a demon swallowing the Moon, and that they could chase it away by throwing stones and curses at it. The Greeks were ahead of their time when they said the Earth was round and used the shadow from the lunar eclipse as evidence. Some Hindus believe in the importance of bathing in the Ganges River following an eclipse because it will help to achieve salvation. Similarly to the Mayans, the Incans believed that", "title": "Lunar eclipse" }, { "id": "6004371", "text": "Evershed effect The Evershed effect, named after the British astronomer John Evershed, is the radial flow of gas across the photospheric surface of the penumbra of sunspots from the inner border with the umbra towards the outer edge. The speed varies from around 1 km/s at the border between the umbra and the penumbra to a maximum of around double this in the middle of the penumbra and falls off to zero at the outer edge of the penumbra. Evershed first detected this phenomenon in January 1909, whilst working at the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory in India, when he found that", "title": "Evershed effect" }, { "id": "15135984", "text": "well as other elements, it was becoming clear there was an entire group that was missing altogether. In 1868, the French astronomer Pierre Janssen travelled to India in time for the total solar eclipse that occurred in August of that year. As well as his telescope, he also went equipped with a spectroscope, to study the spectral lines of the light emitted from the sun. Normally, due to the intensity of sunlight many weaker spectral lines are not visible next to the extreme brightness of the stronger lines. Janssen hoped that he would observe more spectral lines during the eclipse", "title": "Chemistry: A Volatile History" }, { "id": "15912897", "text": "Kurnool. He was also a part of the team which observed the eclipse of 12 December 1871 at Avanashi. In 1874, Chary wrote a treatise on the transit of Venus which was published in several local languages. Chary discovered the variable star \"R Reticuli\" in 1867. He was the first Indian in modern history to make a significant astronomical discovery. Chary noted that the star which was observed by astronomer T. Moottooswamy Pillai with a Meridian Circle on 9 February 1864 was not visible when observed in January 1866 but could be spotted on 18 January 1867. Some sources also", "title": "Chinthamani Ragoonatha Chary" }, { "id": "15390752", "text": "joined Radio Pakistan and then Radio Bangladesh, Dhaka as staff artiste from 1949 - 1975. He also played esraj for many films, television, stage and discs. The notable names of the films include \"Aakash ar Mati\" (The Sky and the Earth), \"Mukh o Mukhosh\" (Face and Mask), \"Rajdhanir Bukey\" (In the Heart of the Capital City), \"Natun Sur\" (New Tune), \"Surya Snan\" (Sun Bath), and \"Surya Grahan\" (Solar Eclipse). Government of Bangladesh published commemorative postage stamps on him in 2005. Khan died on May 5, 1982, in Dhaka. His sons are instrument players — Md. Yunus Khan (sarod), Md. Jafar", "title": "Phuljhuri Khan" }, { "id": "7470526", "text": "the islands that are now Barlavento in Cape Verde, the Moorish lands (comprising modern day Mauritania, Western Sahara, Morocco and Algeria), Tunisia (then inner Africa), Greece, the Caucasus region, Persia (now Iran), in the area of the present-day Iranian-Turkmeni border, present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan and a part of the north of India. The eclipse started off in modern-day Brazil in South America and finished in what is now Myanmar (also known as Burma). The 1312 date would imply that Mursili began his reign in either 1322 or 1321 BC. This date would be roughly that usually proposed for the death", "title": "Mursili's eclipse" }, { "id": "14928837", "text": "the world participating in the Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) for the study of solar interior. Another important event in Dr. Arvind Bhatnagar's Scientific tryst was on 24 October 1995, during the Total Solar Eclipse, where Dr. Arvind Bhatnagar supervised the MiG-25 aircraft flying at 80,000 feet altitude as they traveled along the path of the eclipse at 3,000 km/h, gaining several precious minutes of observation denied to researchers stuck on the ground. This was an attempt by Indian Scientists to pin down the exact diameter of the sun-which today still remains unknown, by precisely measuring the sun's shadow cast", "title": "Arvind Bhatnagar" }, { "id": "9721681", "text": "multilingual. One of the Grandsons of Ramesh Chandra Ghosh, Robin, is a Barrister in London and get mentioned in NewsPaper of London in his success in High Court/Crown Court cases. Other Grand children are high achievers in England, US, and Australia besides in India. There is a library named Akimuddin Gronthagar at Jaminpur. It contains a philosophy 'knowledge is entry'. The library was established on 4 May 2008. Within a year it worked very good with the students of science. Akimudin Gronthagar arranged three camps to observe the century's only total Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009. It has more", "title": "Shibganj Upazila, Chapai Nawabganj" }, { "id": "2348047", "text": "conclusions to the Royal Astronomical Society in 1890 and analyzed the results to show the presence of a prolonged sunspot minimum in the 17-18th century in a paper published in 1894. The period, recognised initially by Spörer, now bears the name Maunder minimum. He travelled extensively for observations going to places such as the West Indies, Lapland, India, Algiers, Mauritius. His last eclipse expedition was to Labrador for the Solar eclipse of 30 August 1905 at the invitation of the Canadian government. In 1882 Maunder (and some other European astronomers) observed what he called an \"\"auroral beam\"\"; as yet unexplained,", "title": "Edward Walter Maunder" } ]

[ "between 1652 and 1674" ]

[ { "id": "161875", "text": "ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP and the same is called Mean Standard of Living. GDP is considered the \"world's most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress\". William Petty came up with a basic concept of GDP to attack landlords against unfair taxations during warfare between the Dutch and the English between 1652 and 1674. Charles Davenant developed the method further in 1695. The modern concept of GDP was first developed by Simon Kuznets for a US Congress report in 1934. In this report, Kuznets warned against its use", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161873", "text": "Gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a period of time, often annually or quarterly. Nominal GDP estimates are commonly used to determine the economic performance of a whole country or region, and to make international comparisons. GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) is arguably more useful when comparing differences in living standards between nations.", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161876", "text": "as a measure of welfare (see below under \"limitations and criticisms\"). After the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, GDP became the main tool for measuring a country's economy. At that time gross national product (GNP) was the preferred estimate, which differed from GDP in that it measured production by a country's citizens at home and abroad rather than its 'resident institutional units' (see OECD definition above). The switch from \"GNP\" to \"GDP\" in the US was in 1991, trailing behind most other nations. The role that measurements of GDP played in World War II was crucial to the subsequent political", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161906", "text": "Republic of China, and Russia, inflate their GDP figures. In response to these and other limitations of using GDP, alternative approaches have emerged. Gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a period of time, often annually or quarterly. Nominal GDP estimates are commonly used to determine the economic performance of a whole country or region, and to make international comparisons. GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore using", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161877", "text": "acceptance of GDP values as indicators of national development and progress. A crucial role was played here by the US Department of Commerce under Milton Gilbert where ideas from Kuznets were embedded into governmental institutions. The history of the concept of GDP should be distinguished from the history of changes in ways of estimating it. The value added by firms is relatively easy to calculate from their accounts, but the value added by the public sector, by financial industries, and by intangible asset creation is more complex. These activities are increasingly important in developed economies, and the international conventions governing", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "2957772", "text": "idea was developed early on through the work of Nordhaus and Tobin (1972), Ahmad et al. (1989), Repetto et al. (1989), and Hartwick (1990). In 1972, William Nordhaus and James Tobin introduced the first model to measure the annual real consumption of households, called the Measure of Economic Welfare (MEW). MEW adjusts GDP to include the value of leisure time, unpaid work and environmental damages. They also defined a sustainable MEW (MEW-S) value, and their work was the precursor to more sophisticated measures of sustainable development. Repetto further explored the impact that the failure of resource-based economies to account for", "title": "Green gross domestic product" }, { "id": "2759453", "text": "Real gross domestic product Real gross domestic product (real GDP) is a macroeconomic measure of the value of economic output adjusted for price changes (i.e. inflation or deflation). This adjustment transforms the money-value measure, nominal GDP, into an index for quantity of total output. Although GDP is total output, it is primarily useful because it closely approximates the total spending: the sum of consumer spending, investment made by industry, excess of exports over imports, and government spending. Due to inflation, GDP increases and does not actually reflect the true growth in an economy. That is why the GDP must be", "title": "Real gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161889", "text": "measure of production. The relationship between United States GDP and GNP is shown in table 1.7.5 of the \"National Income and Product Accounts\". The international standard for measuring GDP is contained in the book \"System of National Accounts\" (1993), which was prepared by representatives of the International Monetary Fund, European Union, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations and World Bank. The publication is normally referred to as SNA93 to distinguish it from the previous edition published in 1968 (called SNA68) SNA93 provides a set of rules and procedures for the measurement of national accounts. The standards are designed", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161874", "text": "The OECD defines GDP as \"an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident and institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs).\" An IMF publication states that \"GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that are bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period of time (say a quarter or a year).\" Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy. The", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "10691698", "text": "Gross domestic income The Gross Domestic Income (GDI) is the total income received by all sectors of an economy within a state. It includes the sum of all wages, profits, and taxes, minus subsidies. Since all income is derived from production (including the production of services), the gross domestic income of a country should exactly equal its gross domestic product (GDP). The GDP is a very commonly cited statistic measuring the economic activity of countries, and the GDI is quite uncommon. In the United States, the Bureau of Economic Analysis produces figures for both the GDP and GDI. Although these", "title": "Gross domestic income" }, { "id": "8157697", "text": "Aggregate income Aggregate income is the total of all incomes in an economy without adjustments for inflation, taxation, or types of double counting. Aggregate income is a form of GDP that is equal to Consumption expenditure plus net profits. 'Aggregate income' in economics is a broad conceptual term. It may express the proceeds from total output in the economy for producers of that output. There are a number of ways to measure aggregate income, but GDP is one of the best known and most widely used. GDP stands for gross domestic product. GDP is a measure of the economic output", "title": "Aggregate income" }, { "id": "161884", "text": "to estimate GDP is to calculate the sum of the final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured in purchasers' prices. Market goods which are produced are purchased by someone. In the case where a good is produced and unsold, the standard accounting convention is that the producer has bought the good from themselves. Therefore, measuring the total expenditure used to buy things is a way of measuring production. This is known as the expenditure method of calculating GDP. GDP (Y) is the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G) and net exports (X", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161892", "text": "that the GDP in 2000 equals $300 million × one-half = $150 million, \"in 1990 monetary terms.\" We would see that the country's GDP had realistically increased 50 percent over that period, not 200 percent, as it might appear from the raw GDP data. The GDP adjusted for changes in money value in this way is called the real, or constant, GDP. The factor used to convert GDP from current to constant values in this way is called the \"GDP deflator\". Unlike consumer price index, which measures inflation or deflation in the price of household consumer goods, the GDP deflator", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161878", "text": "their estimation and their inclusion or exclusion in GDP regularly change in an attempt to keep up with industrial advances. In the words of one academic economist \"The actual number for GDP is therefore the product of a vast patchwork of statistics and a complicated set of processes carried out on the raw data to fit them to the conceptual framework.\" GDP can be determined in three ways, all of which should, in principle, give the same result. They are the production (or output or value added) approach, the income approach, or the speculated expenditure approach. The most direct of", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "10691699", "text": "should be equal, since they are calculated in different ways, in practice, the listed figures are different. This difference is known as the statistical discrepancy. Gross domestic income The Gross Domestic Income (GDI) is the total income received by all sectors of an economy within a state. It includes the sum of all wages, profits, and taxes, minus subsidies. Since all income is derived from production (including the production of services), the gross domestic income of a country should exactly equal its gross domestic product (GDP). The GDP is a very commonly cited statistic measuring the economic activity of countries,", "title": "Gross domestic income" }, { "id": "161886", "text": "national product (GNP) or, as it is now known, gross national income (GNI). The difference is that GDP defines its scope according to location, while GNI defines its scope according to ownership. In a global context, world GDP and world GNI are, therefore, equivalent terms. GDP is product produced within a country's borders; GNI is product produced by enterprises owned by a country's citizens. The two would be the same if all of the productive enterprises in a country were owned by its own citizens, and those citizens did not own productive enterprises in any other countries. In practice, however,", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "4222089", "text": "method has evolved at the same time as the name change. The United States used GNP as its primary measure of total economic activity until 1991, when it began to use GDP. In making the switch, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) noted both that GDP provided an easier comparison of other measures of economic activity in the United States and that \"virtually all other countries have already adopted GDP as their primary measure of production\". Many economists have questioned how meaningful GNP or GDP is a measure of a nation's economic well-being, as it does not count most unpaid", "title": "Gross national income" }, { "id": "4222088", "text": "arts (e.g., increasing computer processing speeds), and quantitative increases in goods (e.g., number of computers produced), and considers both to be forms of \"economic growth\". When a country's capital or labour resources are employed outside its borders, or when a foreign firm is operating in its territory, GDP and GNP can produce different measures of total output. In 2009 for instance, the United States estimated its GDP at $14.119 trillion, and its GNP at $14.265 trillion. The term \"gross national income\" (GNI) has gradually replaced the \"Gross national product\" (GNP) in international statistics. While being conceptually identical, the precise calculation", "title": "Gross national income" }, { "id": "779740", "text": "Economic growth Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Growth is usually calculated in \"real\" terms - i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure. The", "title": "Economic growth" }, { "id": "161899", "text": "no income measurement undertakes to estimate the reverse side of income, that is, the intensity and unpleasantness of effort going into the earning of income. The welfare of a nation can, therefore, scarcely be inferred from a measurement of national income as defined above. In 1962, Kuznets stated:Distinctions must be kept in mind between quantity and quality of growth, between costs and returns, and between the short and long run. Goals for more growth should specify more growth of what and for what. Ever since the development of GDP, multiple observers have pointed out limitations of using GDP as the", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "4222086", "text": "calculation of the largest part of contributions to the budget of the European Union. In February 2017, Ireland's GDP became so distorted from the base erosion and profit shifting (\"BEPS\") tax planning tools of U.S. multinationals, that the Central Bank of Ireland replaced Irish GDP with a new metric, Irish Modified GNI*. In 2017, Irish GDP was 162% of Irish Modified GNI*. formula_1 Nominal, Atlas method – millions of current US$ (top 15) PPP – millions of international dollars (top 15) Gross national product (GNP) is the market value of all the goods and services produced in one year by", "title": "Gross national income" }, { "id": "9111728", "text": "claims that capitalism expands by making use of an unlimited supply of labor from the backward non-capitalist \"subsistence sector\" until it reaches the Lewisian breaking point where wages begin to rise, receiving the 1979 Nobel Economics Prize. In 1955 Russian-born American economist Simon Kuznets (1901–1985), who introduced the concept of Gross domestic product (GDP) in 1934 published an article revealing an inverted U-shaped relation between income inequality and economic growth, meaning that economic growth increases income disparity between rich and poor in poor countries, but decreases it in wealthy countries. In 1971 he received the Nobel Economics Prize. Indian economist", "title": "History of economic thought" }, { "id": "161882", "text": "equal to GDP. In practice, however, measurement errors will make the two figures slightly off when reported by national statistical agencies. This method measures GDP by adding incomes that firms pay households for factors of production they hire - wages for labour, interest for capital, rent for land and profits for entrepreneurship. The US \"National Income and Expenditure Accounts\" divide incomes into five categories: These five income components sum to net domestic income at factor cost. Two adjustments must be made to get GDP: Total income can be subdivided according to various schemes, leading to various formulae for GDP measured", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161890", "text": "to be flexible, to allow for differences in local statistical needs and conditions. Within each country GDP is normally measured by a national government statistical agency, as private sector organizations normally do not have access to the information required (especially information on expenditure and production by governments). The raw GDP figure as given by the equations above is called the nominal, historical, or current, GDP. When one compares GDP figures from one year to another, it is desirable to compensate for changes in the value of money – i.e., for the effects of inflation or deflation. To make it more", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "2759456", "text": "100. It gives an indication of the overall level of price change (inflation or deflation) in the economy. Real GDP growth on an annual basis is the nominal GDP growth rate adjusted for inflation. It is usually expressed as a percentage. Nomenclature: \"GDP\" may refer to \"nominal\" or \"current\" or \"historical\" GDP, to distinguish it from the real GDP. The real GDP is sometimes called \"constant\" GDP because it is expressed in terms of constant prices. Depending on context, \"GDP\" may also refer to real GDP. Real gross domestic product Real gross domestic product (real GDP) is a macroeconomic measure", "title": "Real gross domestic product" }, { "id": "8157698", "text": "of a country. It is usually defined as the total market value of goods and services produced within a given period after deducting the cost of goods and services used up in the process of production, but before allowances for depreciation. Most countries compile estimates of their GDP based on guidelines from the United Nations. GDP (Y) is the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G) and net exports (X – M). Y = C + I + G + (X − M) Here is a description of each GDP component: C (consumption) is normally the largest GDP", "title": "Aggregate income" }, { "id": "161885", "text": "– M). Here is a description of each GDP component: Note that C, G, and I are expenditures on final goods and services; expenditures on intermediate goods and services do not count. (Intermediate goods and services are those used by businesses to produce other goods and services within the accounting year.) According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, which is responsible for calculating the national accounts in the United States, \"In general, the source data for the expenditures components are considered more reliable than those for the income components [see income method, below].\" GDP can be contrasted with gross", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161900", "text": "overarching measure of economic and social progress. Many environmentalists argue that GDP is a poor measure of social progress because it does not take into account harm to the environment. Although a high or rising level of GDP is often associated with increased economic and social progress within a country, a number of scholars have pointed out that this does not necessarily play out in many instances. For example, Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen have pointed out that an increase in GDP or in GDP growth does not necessarily lead to a higher standard of living, particularly in areas such", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "11415593", "text": "Gross regional domestic product Gross regional domestic product (GRDP) or gross domestic product of region (GDPR) is a statistic that measures the size of a region's economy. It is the aggregate of gross value added (GVA) of all resident producer units in the region, and analogous to national gross domestic product. The GRDP includes regional estimates on the three major sectors including their sub-sectors, namely: \"The GRDP is usually presented in nominal and real terms. Nominal GRDP measures the value of the outputs of the economy at current prices. Real GRDP referred to as GRDP at constant prices, measures the", "title": "Gross regional domestic product" }, { "id": "4222085", "text": "Gross national income The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents (Todaro & Smith, 2011: 44) (all figures in millions of US dollars). Comparing GNI to GDP shows the degree to which a nation's GDP represents domestic or international activity. GNI has gradually replaced GNP in international statistics. While being conceptually identical, it is calculated differently. GNI is the basis of", "title": "Gross national income" }, { "id": "1312948", "text": "Development Indicators\" are compiled annually from officially recognized international sources and include national, regional and global estimates. GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by mid year population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidizes not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. European development economists have argued that the existence of modern transportation networks- such as high-speed rail infrastructure constitutes a significant indicator", "title": "Economic development" }, { "id": "161880", "text": "added = gross value of output – value of intermediate consumption. Value of output = value of the total sales of goods and services plus value of changes in the inventory. The sum of the gross value added in the various economic activities is known as \"GDP at factor cost\". GDP at factor cost plus indirect taxes less subsidies on products = \"GDP at producer price\". For measuring output of domestic product, economic activities (i.e. industries) are classified into various sectors. After classifying economic activities, the output of each sector is calculated by any of the following two methods: The", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "3066295", "text": "Private product remaining Private Product Remaining or PPR is a means of national income accounting similar to the more commonly encountered GNP. Since government is financed through taxation and any resulting output is not (usually) sold on the market, what value is ascribed to it is disputed (see calculation problem), and it is counted in GNP. Murray Rothbard developed the GPP (Gross Private Product) and PPR measures. GPP is GNP minus income originating in government and government enterprises. PPR is GPP minus the higher of government expenditures and tax revenues plus interest received. formula_1 For example, in an economy in", "title": "Private product remaining" }, { "id": "161893", "text": "measures changes in the prices of all domestically produced goods and services in an economy including investment goods and government services, as well as household consumption goods. Constant-GDP figures allow us to calculate a GDP growth rate, which indicates how much a country's production has increased (or decreased, if the growth rate is negative) compared to the previous year. Another thing that it may be desirable to account for is population growth. If a country's GDP doubled over a certain period, but its population tripled, the increase in GDP may not mean that the standard of living increased for the", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "18735375", "text": "Management in the United States. The Gross National Happiness phrase was coined in 1972 by Sicco Mansholt, one of the founders of the European Union and the fourth President of the European Commission, and was later popularized by Bhutan in the late 1990s. However, no GNH Index existed until 2005. The GNH philosophy suggested that the ideal purpose of governments is to promote happiness. The philosophy remained difficult to implement due to the subjective nature of happiness and the lack of exact quantitative definition of GNH and the lack of a practical model to measure the impact of economic policies", "title": "Gross National Well-being" }, { "id": "10032186", "text": "Gross value added In economics, gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy. In national accounts GVA is output minus intermediate consumption; it is a balancing item of the national accounts' production account. GVA is linked as a measurement to gross domestic product (gdp), as both are measures of output. The relationship is defined as: As the total aggregates of taxes on products and subsidies on products are only available at whole economy level, Gross value added is used for measuring gross regional domestic", "title": "Gross value added" }, { "id": "161903", "text": "Nussbaum, argue that this value should be included in measuring GDP, as household labor is largely a substitute for goods and services that would otherwise be purchased for value. Even under conservative estimates, the value of unpaid labor in Australia has been calculated to be over 50% of the country's GDP. A later study analyzed this value in other countries, with results ranging from a low of about 15% in Canada (using conservative estimates) to high of nearly 70% in the United Kingdom (using more liberal estimates). For the United States, the value was estimated to be between about 20%", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "161879", "text": "the three is the production approach, which sums the outputs of every class of enterprise to arrive at the total. The expenditure approach works on the principle that all of the product must be bought by somebody, therefore the value of the total product must be equal to people's total expenditures in buying things. The income approach works on the principle that the incomes of the productive factors (\"producers,\" colloquially) must be equal to the value of their product, and determines GDP by finding the sum of all producers' incomes. This approach mirrors the OECD definition given above. Gross value", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "2957777", "text": "draw on this continuously developing body of research, especially with respect to the methodology associated with valuing non-market capital (e.g., services from natural capital which exist outside of traditional market settings). In 1993, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the official bookkeeper of the U.S. economy, began responding to concerns that the GDP needed retooling. The agency began working on a green accounting system called Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounts. These initial results released in 1994 showed that GDP numbers were overstating the impact of mining companies to the nation's economic wealth. Mining companies didn't like those results, and in 1995", "title": "Green gross domestic product" }, { "id": "606712", "text": "sold (therefore not yet included in Expenditure). Similar timing issues can also cause a slight discrepancy between the value of goods produced (Product) and the payments to the factors that produced the goods (Income), particularly if inputs are purchased on credit, and also because wages are collected often after a period of production. Gross domestic product (GDP) is defined as \"the value of all final goods and services produced in a country in 1 year\". Gross national product (GNP) is defined as \"the market value of all goods and services produced in one year by labour and property supplied by", "title": "Measures of national income and output" }, { "id": "161883", "text": "by the income approach. A common one is: The sum of COE, GOS and GMI is called total factor income; it is the income of all of the factors of production in society. It measures the value of GDP at factor (basic) prices. The difference between basic prices and final prices (those used in the expenditure calculation) is the total taxes and subsidies that the government has levied or paid on that production. So adding taxes less subsidies on production and imports converts GDP at factor cost to GDP(I). Total factor income is also sometimes expressed as: The third way", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "606781", "text": "Gross world product The gross world product (GWP) is the combined gross national product of all the countries in the world. Because imports and exports balance exactly when considering the whole world, this also equals the total global gross domestic product (GDP). According to the World Bank, the 2013 nominal GWP was approximately US$75.59 trillion. In 2014, according to the CIA's \"World Factbook\", the GWP was around US$78.28 trillion in nominal terms and totalled approximately US$107.5 trillion in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The per capita PPP GWP in 2017 was approximately US$17,300 according to the \"World Factbook\". The", "title": "Gross world product" }, { "id": "2759454", "text": "divided by the inflation rate (raised to the power of units of time in which the rate is measured) to get the growth of the real GDP. Different organizations use different types of 'Real GDP' measures, for example the United Nations UNCTAD uses 2005 Constant prices and exchange rates while the FRED uses 2009 constant prices and exchange rates, and recently the World Bank switched from 2005 to 2010 constant prices and exchange rates. Real GDP is an example of the distinction between real vs. nominal values in economics. Nominal gross domestic product is defined as the market value of", "title": "Real gross domestic product" }, { "id": "2957767", "text": "Green gross domestic product The green gross domestic product (green GDP or GGDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored into a country's conventional GDP. Green GDP monetizes the loss of biodiversity, and accounts for costs caused by climate change. Some environmental experts prefer physical indicators (such as \"waste per capita\" or \"carbon dioxide emissions per year\"), which may be aggregated to indices such as the \"Sustainable Development Index\". Calculating green GDP requires that net natural capital consumption, including resource depletion, environmental degradation, and protective and restorative environmental initiatives, be subtracted from traditional", "title": "Green gross domestic product" }, { "id": "1709389", "text": "GDP deflator In economics, the GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) is a measure of the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. GDP stands for gross domestic product, the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within the territory of a country over a particular period of time (quarterly or annually). Like the consumer price index (CPI), the GDP deflator is a measure of price inflation/deflation with respect to a specific base year; the GDP deflator of the base year itself is equal to 100. Unlike the CPI, the", "title": "GDP deflator" }, { "id": "3769634", "text": "product (NNP) is National Income plus or minus the statistical discrepancy that accumulates when aggregating data from millions of individual reports. In this case, the statistical discrepancy is US$25.6 billion, or about 0.23% of gross domestic product. A discrepancy that small (less than three-tenths of one percent) is immaterial under accounting standards. Gross national product is net national product plus an allowance for the consumption of fixed capital, mostly buildings and machines, usually called depreciation. Capital is used up in production but it does not vanish. Finally, GDP is gross national product plus payments from the rest of the world", "title": "National Income and Product Accounts" }, { "id": "14181221", "text": "Historical GDP of China This article includes a list of China's historical gross domestic product (GDP) values (with the latest to reach above $14 trillion USD for 2018), the market value of all final goods and services produced by a nation in a given year. The GDP dollar estimates presented here are either calculated at market or government official exchange rates (nominal), or derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. This article also includes historical GDP growth. In 1985, the State Council of China (SCC) approved the establishment of a SNA (System of National Accounting), using GDP to measure the", "title": "Historical GDP of China" }, { "id": "161881", "text": "gross value of all sectors is then added to get the gross value added (GVA) at factor cost. Subtracting each sector's intermediate consumption from gross output gives the GVA at factor cost. Adding indirect tax minus subsidies in GVA at factor cost gives the \"GVA at producer prices\". The second way of estimating GDP is to use \"the sum of primary incomes distributed by resident producer units\". If GDP is calculated this way it is sometimes called gross domestic income (GDI), or GDP (I). GDI should provide the same amount as the expenditure method described later. By definition, GDI is", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "6041109", "text": "Gross output In economics, gross output (GO) is the measure of total economic activity in the production of new goods and services in an accounting period. It is a much broader measure of the economy than gross domestic product (GDP), which is limited mainly to final output (finished goods and services). In 2016, the Bureau of Economic Analysis estimated gross output in the United States to be $32.1 trillion, compared to $18.6 trillion for GDP. GO is defined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) as \"a measure of an industry's sales or receipts, which can include sales to final", "title": "Gross output" }, { "id": "9349380", "text": "capita, consistent with the demographic transition model. The increase in GDP in Eastern Europe after 1990 has been correlated with childbearing postponement and a sharp decline in fertility. When looking at an individual level in advanced countries where birth control is the norm, increased income is likewise associated with decreased fertility. Theories behind this include: Religion sometimes modifies the effect; higher income is associated with slightly increased fertility among Catholic couples but associated with slightly decreased fertility among Protestant couples. Gross domestic product stands for GDP, which is the total dollar value of all goods an economy produces over a", "title": "Income and fertility" }, { "id": "161896", "text": "in that the technical definition of GDP is relatively consistent among countries. GDP does not include several factors that influence the standard of living. In particular, it fails to account for: It can be argued that GDP per capita as an indicator standard of living is correlated with these factors, capturing them indirectly. As a result, GDP per capita as a standard of living is a continued usage because most people have a fairly accurate idea of what it is and know it is tough to come up with quantitative measures for such constructs as happiness, quality of life, and", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "6041114", "text": "output\" data to measure Gross National Product (GNP) starting in 1942. Following the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1946, GNP became the standard measure of economic growth. Wassily Leontief, a Russian American economist at Harvard University, followed with the development of the first input-output tables, which he regarded as a better survey of the whole economy. I-O accounts require examining the \"intervening steps\" between inputs and outputs in the production process, \"a complex series of transactions…among real people\" I-O data created the first estimates of gross output. However, Leontief did not emphasize GO as an important macroeconomic tool. He focused on", "title": "Gross output" }, { "id": "606782", "text": "table below gives regional percentage values for overall GWP growth from 2006 through 2016, as well as an estimate for 2017 and 2018, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s World Economic Outlook database. Data is given in terms of constant year-on-year prices. In 1998, economic historian J. Bradford DeLong estimated the total GWP in 1990 U.S. dollars for the main years between one million years BC and 2000 AD (shown in the table below). Nominal GWP estimates from 2005 onwards are also shown in contemporary U.S. dollars, according to estimates from the \"CIA World Factbook\" and the World Bank.", "title": "Gross world product" }, { "id": "161904", "text": "on the low end to nearly 50% on the high end, depending on the methodology being used. Because many public policies are shaped by GDP calculations and by the related field of national accounts, the non-inclusion of unpaid work in calculating GDP can create distortions in public policy, and some economists have advocated for changes in the way public policies are formed and implemented. The UK's Natural Capital Committee highlighted the shortcomings of GDP in its advice to the UK Government in 2013, pointing out that GDP \"focuses on flows, not stocks. As a result, an economy can run down", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "5097339", "text": "Colin Clark (economist) Colin Grant Clark (2 November 1905 – 4 September 1989) was a British and Australian economist and statistician who worked in both the United Kingdom and Australia. He pioneered the use of gross national product (GNP) as the basis for studying national economies. Colin Clark was born in London in 1905 and was educated at the Dragon School in Oxford. He then studied at Winchester College, then at Brasenose College, Oxford where he graduated in Chemistry in 1928. After graduation he worked as a research assistant with William Beveridge at the London School of Economics (1928–29) and", "title": "Colin Clark (economist)" }, { "id": "4222087", "text": "labor and property supplied by the citizens of a country. Unlike gross domestic product (GDP), which defines production based on the geographical location of production, GNP indicates allocated production based on location of ownership. In fact it calculates income by the location of ownership and residence, and so its name is also the less ambiguous \"gross national income\". GNP is an economic statistic that is equal to GDP plus any income earned by residents from overseas investments minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents. GNP does not distinguish between qualitative improvements in the state of the technical", "title": "Gross national income" }, { "id": "2957771", "text": "indicator is consistent with the conception of sustainable development as a desirable phenomenon. GDP is mistakenly appropriated as a primary indicator of well-being, and as a result, it is used heavily in the analysis of political and economic policy. Green GDP would arguably be a more accurate indicator or measure of societal well-being. Therefore, the integration of environmental statistics into national accounts, and by extension, the generation of a green GDP figure, would improve countries' abilities to manage their economies and resources. Many economists, scientists and other scholars have theorized about adjusting macroeconomic indicators to account for environmental change. The", "title": "Green gross domestic product" }, { "id": "4222090", "text": "work and counts much economic activity that is unproductive or actually destructive. Gross national income The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents (Todaro & Smith, 2011: 44) (all figures in millions of US dollars). Comparing GNI to GDP shows the degree to which a nation's GDP represents domestic or international activity. GNI has gradually replaced GNP in international statistics. While", "title": "Gross national income" }, { "id": "2957787", "text": "to Nordhaus and Tobin's SMEW and to the ISEW/GNI indices. None of these measures characterize sustainability per se. Green GDP just charges GDP for the depletion of or damage to environmental resources. This is only one part of the answer to the question of sustainability.\" Green gross domestic product The green gross domestic product (green GDP or GGDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored into a country's conventional GDP. Green GDP monetizes the loss of biodiversity, and accounts for costs caused by climate change. Some environmental experts prefer physical indicators (such as", "title": "Green gross domestic product" }, { "id": "11415594", "text": "value of an economy's output using the prices of a fixed base year. The real GRDP is useful in capturing real output growth since inflationary effects have been removed. It is, therefore, the most widely used measure of real income.\" Gross regional domestic product Gross regional domestic product (GRDP) or gross domestic product of region (GDPR) is a statistic that measures the size of a region's economy. It is the aggregate of gross value added (GVA) of all resident producer units in the region, and analogous to national gross domestic product. The GRDP includes regional estimates on the three major", "title": "Gross regional domestic product" }, { "id": "3727823", "text": "the GPI is the GDP (value of all goods and services produced) minus the environmental and social costs. Accordingly, the GPI will be zero if the financial costs of poverty and pollution equal the financial gains in production of goods and services, all other factors being constant. Most economists assess progress in people's welfare by comparing the gross domestic product over time—that is, by adding up the annual dollar value of all goods and services produced within a country over successive years. However, GDP was not intended to be used for such purpose. It is prone to productivism or consumerism,", "title": "Genuine progress indicator" }, { "id": "606783", "text": "\"Billion\" in the table below refers to the short scale usage of the term, where 1 billion = 1,000 million = 10. Gross world product The gross world product (GWP) is the combined gross national product of all the countries in the world. Because imports and exports balance exactly when considering the whole world, this also equals the total global gross domestic product (GDP). According to the World Bank, the 2013 nominal GWP was approximately US$75.59 trillion. In 2014, according to the CIA's \"World Factbook\", the GWP was around US$78.28 trillion in nominal terms and totalled approximately US$107.5 trillion in", "title": "Gross world product" }, { "id": "438037", "text": "economic indicators in 1980–2017. Inflation below 2 % is in green. U.S. nominal GDP was $19.5 trillion in 2017. Annualized, nominal GDP reached $20.1 trillion in Q1 2018, the first time it exceeded the $20 trillion level. About 70% of U.S. GDP is personal consumption, with business investment 18%, government 17% (federal, state and local but excluding transfer payments such as Social Security, which is in consumption) and net exports a negative 3% due to the U.S. trade deficit. Real gross domestic product, a measure of both production and income, grew by 2.3% in 2017, vs. 1.5% in 2016 and", "title": "Economy of the United States" }, { "id": "12437681", "text": "Net material product Net Material Product (NMP) was the main macroeconomic indicator used for monitoring growth in national accounts of socialist countries during the Soviet era. These countries included the USSR and all the Comecon members. NMP is the conceptual equivalent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United Nations System of National Accounts, although numerically the two measures are calculated differently. NMP is calculated for the material production sectors only, and excludes most of the service sectors, which are part of GDP. The material production sectors include manufacturing industries, agriculture and forestry, construction, wholesale and retail trade, supply of", "title": "Net material product" }, { "id": "3769635", "text": "that are income to residents of the U.S. minus payments from the US to the rest of the world that count as income where they are received. Macroeconomics defines GDP, from the production perspective, as the sum of personal consumption, investment, net exports, and government expenditures; . The production side report also begins with individuals and families, in this case their personal consumption expenditures on goods and services, C in the definition. Durable goods are expected to last more than a year (furniture, appliances, cars, etc.) and to have little or no secondary resale market. Nondurable goods are used up", "title": "National Income and Product Accounts" }, { "id": "15177125", "text": "Edward Fulton Denison Edward Fulton Denison (December 18, 1915, Omaha – October 23, 1992, Washington D.C.) was an American economist. He was a pioneer in the measurement of the United States gross national product and one of the founders of growth accounting. Denison earned a bachelor's degree in economics in Oberlin College in 1936, a master's degree in Brown University in 1938, and a doctorate from Brown in 1941. In 1948, he became acting chief of the National Income Division of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. The next year, Edward also acted as Assistant Director and Chief Economist", "title": "Edward Fulton Denison" }, { "id": "5486479", "text": "Gross private domestic investment Gross private domestic investment is the measure of physical investment used in computing GDP in the measurement of nations' economic activity. This is an important component of GDP because it provides an indicator of the future productive capacity of the economy. It includes replacement purchases plus net additions to capital assets plus investments in inventories. From 2002-2011 it amounted to 14.9% of US GDP, and from 1945-2011 was 15.7% of GDP (BEA, USDC, 2013). Net investment is gross investment minus depreciation. Of the four categories of GDP (investment, consumption, net exports, and government spending on goods", "title": "Gross private domestic investment" }, { "id": "4499579", "text": "Net national product Net national product (NNP) refers to gross national product (GNP), i.e. the total market value of all final goods and services produced by the factors of production of a country or other polity during a given time period, minus depreciation. Similarly, net domestic product (NDP) corresponds to gross domestic product (GDP) minus depreciation. Depreciation describes the devaluation of fixed capital through wear and tear associated with its use in productive activities. In national accounting, net national product (NNP) and net domestic product (NDP) are given by the two following formulas: Although the net national product is a", "title": "Net national product" }, { "id": "161897", "text": "well-being. Simon Kuznets, the economist who developed the first comprehensive set of measures of national income, stated in his first report to the US Congress in 1934, in a section titled \"Uses and Abuses of National Income Measurements\": The valuable capacity of the human mind to simplify a complex situation in a compact characterization becomes dangerous when not controlled in terms of definitely stated criteria. With quantitative measurements especially, the definiteness of the result suggests, often misleadingly, a precision and simplicity in the outlines of the object measured. Measurements of national income are subject to this type of illusion and", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "2957769", "text": "a mechanism for identifying the wealth and assets that underlie output. This is problematic because it cannot account for permanent or significant depletion or replenishment of these assets. Ultimately, GDP has no capacity to identify whether the level of income generated in a country is sustainable. Richard Stone, one of the creators the original GDP indicator, suggested that while \"the three pillars on which an analysis of society ought to rest are studies of economic, socio-demographic and environmental phenomenon\", he had done little work in the area of environmental issues. In particular, natural capital is poorly represented in GDP; resources", "title": "Green gross domestic product" }, { "id": "14181229", "text": "established but also quarterly GDP estimation at expenditure approach is being studied. the following is the quarterly GDP list. Historical GDP of China This article includes a list of China's historical gross domestic product (GDP) values (with the latest to reach above $14 trillion USD for 2018), the market value of all final goods and services produced by a nation in a given year. The GDP dollar estimates presented here are either calculated at market or government official exchange rates (nominal), or derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. This article also includes historical GDP growth. In 1985, the State", "title": "Historical GDP of China" }, { "id": "12513097", "text": "Hauser's law Hauser's law is the proposition that, in the United States, federal tax revenues since World War II have always been approximately equal to 19.5% of GDP, regardless of wide fluctuations in the marginal tax rate. Historically, since the end of World War II, federal tax receipts as a percentage of gross domestic product averaged 17.9%, with a range from 14.4% to 20.9% between 1946 - 2007. The proposition was first put forward in 1993 by William Kurt Hauser, a San Francisco investment analyst, who wrote, In a May 20, 2008 editorial by David Ranson, the Wall St. Journal", "title": "Hauser's law" }, { "id": "8868416", "text": "the Dutch university where this approach was developed. Other Researchers included Arie Kapteyn and Aldi Hagenaars. Typically national financial measures, such as gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP), have been used as a measure of successful policy. There is a significant association between GDP and happiness, with citizens in wealthier nations being happier than those in poorer nations. It has been argued that this relationship extends only to an average GDP per capita of about $15,000. In the 2000s, several studies have obtained the opposite result, so this Easterlin paradox is controversial. Historically, economists have said that", "title": "Happiness economics" }, { "id": "5501661", "text": "on balances of the value of material goods produced. In some respects, this is ironic, since Marx's social accounting referred to the capitalist economy, not to a socialist economy. The MPS accounts were abandoned in favour of GDP accounts after the downfall of official communism in the USSR and Eastern Europe, although they are still compiled as parallel accounts in North Korea and Cuba. Value product The value product (VP) is an economic concept formulated by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy during the 1860s, and used in Marxian social accounting theory for capitalist economies. Its annual monetary", "title": "Value product" }, { "id": "2505410", "text": "gross value added) and a measure of input use (the total number of hours worked or total employment). The output measure is typically net output, more specifically the value added by the process under consideration, i.e. the value of outputs minus the value of intermediate inputs. This is done in order to avoid double-counting when an output of one firm is used as an input by another in the same measurement. In macroeconomics the most well-known and used measure of value-added is the Gross Domestic Product or GDP. Increases in it are widely used as a measure of the economic", "title": "Productivity" }, { "id": "161895", "text": "This finding is called the Penn effect. For more information, see Measures of national income and output. GDP per capita is often used as an indicator of living standards. The major advantage of GDP per capita as an indicator of standard of living is that it is measured frequently, widely, and consistently. It is measured frequently in that most countries provide information on GDP on a quarterly basis, allowing trends to be seen quickly. It is measured widely in that some measure of GDP is available for almost every country in the world, allowing inter-country comparisons. It is measured consistently", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "6683608", "text": "to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $16.8 trillion constitutes 24% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP). The nominal GDP of the U.S. is estimated to be $17.528 trillion . From 1983 to 2008, U.S. real compounded annual GDP growth was 3.3%, compared to a 2.3% weighted average for the rest of the G7. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita according to the United Nations (first in the Americas) and sixth in GDP per capita at", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "2276036", "text": "became personally identified with the project, which helped increase enthusiasm for it among officials and the Labour Party, while also interesting the press. After nearly a year's work the Plan was unveiled on 16 September 1965, pledging to cover \"all aspects of the country's development for the next five years\". The Plan called for a 25% growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 1964 to 1970, which worked out at 3.8% annually. There were 39 specific actions listed, although many were criticised as vague. After the 1966 general election at which Labour won re-election with a parliamentary majority of 96,", "title": "George Brown, Baron George-Brown" }, { "id": "6041111", "text": "quarterly basis, along with GDP. Economists regard GO and GDP as complementary aggregate measures of the economy. Many analysts view GO as a more comprehensive way to analyze the economy and the business cycle. \"Gross output [GO] is the natural measure of the production sector, while net output [GDP] is appropriate as a measure of welfare. Both are required in a complete system of accounts.\" In his work, \"The Purchasing Power of Money: Its Determination and Relation to Credit, Interest, and Crises\" (1911, 1920), Yale professor Irving Fisher introduced a theoretical measure of \"volume of trade\" with his equation of", "title": "Gross output" }, { "id": "4436743", "text": "Consumer economy A consumer economy describes an economy driven by consumer spending as a percent of its gross domestic product, as opposed to the other major components of GDP (gross private domestic investment, government spending, and imports netted against exports). In the U.S., it is usually said by economists, including in Henry Hazlitt's \"Economics in One Lesson\" that 70% of spending is consumer-based, but this number is disputed by economists like Businessweek columnist Michael Mandel. The absolute income hypothesis argues that income and demand generate consumption, and that the rise in GDP gives life to a rise in consumption. It", "title": "Consumer economy" }, { "id": "11805368", "text": "of national product that takes into account environmental effects. Ever since the Industrial Revolution, scientists and economists have warned of an inflection point for the United States economy where expansion is inevitably limited by the steadily decreasing availability of natural resources. In 1973, William D. Nordhaus and James Tobin, Yale economists, were the first to question the GNP in \"is growth obsolete?\" Nordhaus and Tobin developed a Measure of Economic Welfare (MEW) and stated that welfare must be sustainable, in the sense that nations that devour their stock of capital are not as \"well\" as the national income would suggest.", "title": "Green national product" }, { "id": "438023", "text": "compared to other Western nations. The economic history of the United States began with American settlements in the 17th and 18th centuries. The American colonies went from marginally successful colonial economies to a small, independent farming economy, which in 1776 became the United States of America. In 180 years, the U.S. grew to a huge, integrated, industrialized economy that made up around one-fifth of the world economy. As a result, the U.S. GDP per capita converged on and eventually surpassed that of the UK, as well as other nations that it previously trailed economically. The economy maintained high wages, attracting", "title": "Economy of the United States" }, { "id": "10888593", "text": "inputs. Value-added is obtained by subtracting the intermediate inputs from the outputs. The most well-known and used measure of value-added is the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). It is widely used as a measure of the economic growth of nations and industries. The production performance can be measured as an average or an absolute income. Expressing performance both in average (avg.) and absolute (abs.) quantities is helpful for understanding the welfare effects of production. For measurement of the average production performance, we use the known productivity ratio The absolute income of performance is obtained by subtracting the real input from the", "title": "Production (economics)" }, { "id": "6041112", "text": "exchange: MV = PT, where PT measured the \"volume of trade\" in the economy at a specified time. In 1931, Friedrich A. Hayek, the Austrian economist at the London School of Economics, created a diagram known as Hayek's triangles as a theoretical measure of the stages of production. Hayek's triangles formed the basis of gross output, before GNP or GDP were invented. However, Hayek's work was strictly theoretical, and no attempt was developed to statistically measure gross output. Simon Kuznets, a Russian American economist at the University of Pennsylvania, did breakthrough work in the 1930s in measuring national income, \"the", "title": "Gross output" }, { "id": "4934485", "text": "Penn effect The Penn effect is the economic finding that real income ratios between high and low income countries are systematically exaggerated by gross domestic product (GDP) conversion at market exchange rates. It is associated with what became the Penn World Table, and it has been a consistent econometric result since at least the 1950s. The \"Balassa–Samuelson effect\" is a model cited as the principal cause of the Penn effect by neo-classical economics, as well as being a synonym of \"Penn effect\". Classical economics made simple predictions about exchange rates; it was said that a basket of goods would cost", "title": "Penn effect" }, { "id": "12437684", "text": "calculated in the USSR in 1988, based essentially on the United Nations System of National Accounts. The table compares the new GDP estimates with the traditional NMP numbers (in billions of current rubles). GDP is seen to be 25%–30% higher than NMP due to depreciation and the \"non-productive\" service sectors included in GDP but not in NMP. Change in NMP (in constant prices) 1980–1990 (in percent of 1980) Net material product Net Material Product (NMP) was the main macroeconomic indicator used for monitoring growth in national accounts of socialist countries during the Soviet era. These countries included the USSR and", "title": "Net material product" }, { "id": "4499581", "text": "such as within models accounting for the depletion of natural and environmental resources or as an indicator of sustainability. Net national product Net national product (NNP) refers to gross national product (GNP), i.e. the total market value of all final goods and services produced by the factors of production of a country or other polity during a given time period, minus depreciation. Similarly, net domestic product (NDP) corresponds to gross domestic product (GDP) minus depreciation. Depreciation describes the devaluation of fixed capital through wear and tear associated with its use in productive activities. In national accounting, net national product (NNP)", "title": "Net national product" }, { "id": "2095975", "text": "to bust.\" Economist Paul Krugman explained in December 2011 the causes of the sizable shift from private deficit to surplus: \"This huge move into surplus reflects the end of the housing bubble, a sharp rise in household saving, and a slump in business investment due to lack of customers.\" The sectoral balances (also called sectoral financial balances) derive from the sectoral analysis framework for macroeconomic analysis of national economies developed by British economist Wynne Godley. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the value of all goods and services produced within a country during one year. GDP measures flows rather than stocks", "title": "Government budget balance" }, { "id": "779806", "text": "increases in efficiency, they suggest, merely accelerate the drawing down of finite resources. Catton claims that increasing rates of resource extraction are \"...stealing ravenously from the future\". Economic growth Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Growth is usually calculated in \"real\" terms - i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income", "title": "Economic growth" }, { "id": "246656", "text": "the output and income are usually considered equivalent and the two terms are often used interchangeably,output changes into income. Output can be measured or it can be viewed from the production side and measured as the total value of final goods and services or the sum of all value added in the economy. Macroeconomic output is usually measured by gross domestic product (GDP) or one of the other national accounts. Economists interested in long-run increases in output study economic growth. Advances in technology, accumulation of machinery and other capital, and better education and human capital are all factors that lead", "title": "Macroeconomics" }, { "id": "66840", "text": "twinning arrangement with the region of Catalonia in Spain and the Province of Alberta in Canada. California's economy ranks among the largest in the world. -Q2, the gross state product (GSP) is almost $3.0 trillion ($74,000 per capita), the largest in the United States. California is responsible for ~14 percent of the United States' approximate $20.4 trillion gross domestic product (GDP). , California's nominal GDP is larger than all but 4 countries (the United States, China, Japan and Germany). In terms of Purchasing Power Parity, it is larger than all but 8 countries (the United States, China, India, Japan, Germany,", "title": "California" }, { "id": "12846266", "text": "theory that advocated the use of the state's military power to ensure that local markets and supply sources were protected. The first banknote in Europe was issued by Stockholms Banco in 1661. Economic history as it relates to economic growth in the modern sense first occurred during the Industrial Revolution in Europe, due to high amounts of energy conversion taking place. Economic growth spread to all regions of the world during the twentieth century, when world GDP per capita quintupled. The highest growth occurred in the 1960s during post-war reconstruction. Some increase in the volume of international trade is due", "title": "Economic history of the world" }, { "id": "161888", "text": "debt this will be reflected in a decreased GNI but not a decreased GDP. Similarly, if a country sells off its resources to entities outside their country this will also be reflected over time in decreased GNI, but not decreased GDP. This would make the use of GDP more attractive for politicians in countries with increasing national debt and decreasing assets. Gross national income (GNI) equals GDP plus income receipts from the rest of the world minus income payments to the rest of the world. In 1991, the United States switched from using GNP to using GDP as its primary", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": "17866020", "text": "economy.” Duncan Ironmonger defines a country's Gross Economic Product as comprising both the Gross Market Product (typically defined as GDP) and Gross Household Product. Using one of the same time use surveys as the BEA study referenced above (the American Time Use Survey), Ironmonger estimates the USA's 2011 GHP at 11.6 trillion dollars (as compared to a GDP of 13.3 trillion). The OECD report \"Cooking, Caring and Volunteering: Unpaid Work Around the World\" defines unpaid work as, “the production of goods and services by household members that are not sold on the market” . It uses the “third-person” rule to", "title": "Valuation of Nonmarket Housework" }, { "id": "18586388", "text": "the future.” In addition, although he is known for his work on economics, he tries to distance himself from the economic profession. Mr. Jones is credited with the introduction of the first Gross National Happiness Index (GNH Index) in 2005, also known as Gross National Well-being Index (GNW Index). In 2006, he published a white paper titled the American Pursuit of Unhappiness calling on policymakers, economists and researchers implement the first GNH Index framework. The term Gross National Happiness (GNH) was coined in 1972 by Sicco Mansholt one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union and the fourth President", "title": "Med Jones" }, { "id": "3769638", "text": "or family, the government consumes food, clothing, furniture, and other goods and services in its administrative, military, correctional, and other programs. Governments also invest in buildings for program use and in improvements to harbors, rivers, roads, and airports. Transfer payments, like subsidies to the unemployed or the retired, are \"not\" included in this item, since they are simply a movement of money from government to citizens, rather than a purchase of goods or services. The sum of the four production categories is gross domestic product, the value of all domestic expenditures on goods and services. GDP (income) must equal GDP", "title": "National Income and Product Accounts" }, { "id": "10032187", "text": "product and other measures of the output of entities smaller than a whole economy. Restated, Over-simplistically, GVA is the grand total of all revenues, from final sales and (net) subsidies, which are incomes into businesses. Those incomes are then used to cover expenses (wages & salaries, dividends), savings (profits, depreciation), and (indirect) taxes. Gross value added In economics, gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy. In national accounts GVA is output minus intermediate consumption; it is a balancing item of the national accounts'", "title": "Gross value added" }, { "id": "4508516", "text": "Net domestic product The net domestic product (NDP) equals the gross domestic product (GDP) minus depreciation on a country's capital goods. Net domestic product accounts for capital that has been consumed over the year in the form of housing, vehicle, or machinery deterioration. The depreciation accounted for is often referred to as \"capital consumption allowance\" and represents the amount of capital that would be needed to replace those depreciated assets. If the country is not able to replace the capital stock lost through depreciation, then GDP will fall. In addition, a growing gap between GDP and NDP indicates increasing obsolescence", "title": "Net domestic product" }, { "id": "12846256", "text": "Throughout the Upper Paleolithic, humans both dispersed and adapted to a greater variety of environments, and also developed their technologies and behaviors to increase productivity in existing environments taking the global population to between 1 and 15 million. It has been estimated that throughout prehistory, the world average GDP per capita was about $158 per annum (adjusted to 2013 dollars), and did not rise much until the Industrial Revolution. This period began with the end of the last glacial period over 10,000 years ago involving the gradual domestication of plants and animals and the formation of settled communities at various", "title": "Economic history of the world" }, { "id": "3727819", "text": "Genuine progress indicator Genuine progress indicator (GPI) is a metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product (GDP). The GPI is designed to take fuller account of the well-being of a nation, only a part of which pertains to the size of the nation's economy, by incorporating environmental and social factors which are not measured by GDP. For instance, some models of GPI decrease in value when the poverty rate increases. The GPI separates the concept of societal progress from economic growth. The GPI is used in ecological economics, \"green\" economics, sustainability and more inclusive types", "title": "Genuine progress indicator" } ]

[ "Flo Rida" ]

[ { "id": "15899318", "text": "Good Feeling (song) \"Good Feeling\" is a song by American rapper Flo Rida from his 2012 EP of the same name, also appearing on his fourth studio album, \"Wild Ones\". It was released as the album's lead single on August 29, 2011 in the United States. The song was written by Flo Rida, Dr. Luke, Cirkut, Breyan Isaac, Arash Pournouri, Avicii, Etta James, Leroy Kirkland and Pearl Woods. It was also produced by Dr. Luke and Cirkut. The song contains vocal samples from Etta James's 1962 single \"Something's Got a Hold on Me\", which is why James, Leroy Kirkland and", "title": "Good Feeling (song)" }, { "id": "15899330", "text": "!scope=\"col\" colspan=\"3\"| Streaming Good Feeling (song) \"Good Feeling\" is a song by American rapper Flo Rida from his 2012 EP of the same name, also appearing on his fourth studio album, \"Wild Ones\". It was released as the album's lead single on August 29, 2011 in the United States. The song was written by Flo Rida, Dr. Luke, Cirkut, Breyan Isaac, Arash Pournouri, Avicii, Etta James, Leroy Kirkland and Pearl Woods. It was also produced by Dr. Luke and Cirkut. The song contains vocal samples from Etta James's 1962 single \"Something's Got a Hold on Me\", which is why James,", "title": "Good Feeling (song)" }, { "id": "15899321", "text": "features acoustic-driven guitars, computerized beats and charging keyboards over a prominent sample from Avicii's song \"Levels\", which in turn samples Etta James's 1962 gospel-tinged hit \"Something’s Got a Hold on Me.\" The first use of the Etta James vocal sample in a popular track was by Pretty Lights in the song \"Finally Moving\" in 2006, with a remix surfacing in 2008. The song has received mixed to positive reviews from music critics. Trent Fitzgerald of \"Pop Crush\" gave the song four stars (out of possible five), writing that \"the song is certainly destined to be a dance floor burner.\" The", "title": "Good Feeling (song)" }, { "id": "19779832", "text": "Such a Good Feeling \"Such A Good Feeling\" is a song by English electronic music trio Brothers In Rhythm. It sampled Charvoni's \"Always There\" which itself is a cover of a Side Effect song from 1976, however was a bigger hit for Incognito feat. Jocelyn Brown in 1991. The original lyrics for \"Always There\", written by Paul B Allen III, were sampled, and different music was sampled by Brothers in Rhythm to play underneath those vocalized lyrics. Upon its first release it reached No. 64 on the UK Singles Chart & No. 1 on the US Hot Dance Music/Club Play", "title": "Such a Good Feeling" }, { "id": "15899320", "text": "song became a top ten hit in 16 countries. This song is the second track on \"Now 42\". \"Good Feeling\" is the lead single from his album \"Wild Ones\". The track was written by Flo Rida, Dr. Luke, Cirkut, Breyan Issac, Arash Pournouri, Avicii, Etta James, Leroy Kirkland and Pearl Woods, while production was helmed by Dr. Luke and Cirkut. Dr. Luke has previously produced Flo Rida's songs \"Right Round\", \"Touch Me\" and \"Who Dat Girl\"; Cirkut has previously teamed with Flo Rida on the latter song as well. \"Good Feeling\" is written in the key of D♭ minor and", "title": "Good Feeling (song)" }, { "id": "16153334", "text": "Wild Ones (Flo Rida album) Wild Ones is the fourth studio album by American rapper Flo Rida. It was released on July 3, 2012. \"Wild Ones\" had four Top 10 singles on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, when the singles, \"Good Feeling\", \"Wild Ones\", \"Whistle\", and \"I Cry\" charted, at 3, 5, 1, and 6 respectively. On August 21, 2011, Flo Rida released the album's lead single, titled \"Good Feeling\", that samples Etta James' song \"Something's Got a Hold on Me\". Produced by Dr. Luke and Cirkut, the song was inspired by \"Levels\" performed by Avicii, which also contains the", "title": "Wild Ones (Flo Rida album)" }, { "id": "4009641", "text": "More Than a Feeling \"More Than a Feeling\" is a song written by Tom Scholz and first released by American rock band Boston as the lead single from their self-titled debut album on Epic Records in September 1976, with \"Smokin'\" on the flipside. The single peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The track is now a staple of classic rock and in 1999 it was named the 39th best hard rock song of all time by VH1. It was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of the 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and", "title": "More Than a Feeling" }, { "id": "19171945", "text": "I've Got a Feeling (Ivy song) \"I've Got a Feeling\" is a song by American band Ivy, recorded for their second studio album, \"Apartment Life\" (1997). It was released as the record's second single in the United States and Australia on October 7, 1997 and 1998 by Atlantic Records, respectively. The track was written by Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase, with the latter two plus Lloyd Cole and Peter Nashel handling its production. It is a pop song accompanied by light vocals and a horn section, with Durand gently singing about falling in love, over several layers of", "title": "I've Got a Feeling (Ivy song)" }, { "id": "19779833", "text": "Chart & after a re-release the same year it reached No. 14 in the UK. \"Mixmag\" ranked the song number 49 in its '100 Greatest Dance Singles Of All Time' list in 1996. Such a Good Feeling \"Such A Good Feeling\" is a song by English electronic music trio Brothers In Rhythm. It sampled Charvoni's \"Always There\" which itself is a cover of a Side Effect song from 1976, however was a bigger hit for Incognito feat. Jocelyn Brown in 1991. The original lyrics for \"Always There\", written by Paul B Allen III, were sampled, and different music was sampled", "title": "Such a Good Feeling" }, { "id": "15899319", "text": "Pearl Woods received writing credits. Avicii and Arash Pournouri received credits as well because Avicii's song \"Levels\", which also sampled the Etta James song, is used as the primary musical sample under Flo Rida's rapping. In addition, this is Flo Rida's fourth collaboration with Dr. Luke (after \"Right Round\", \"Touch Me\" and \"Who Dat Girl\") and second collaboration with Cirkut (after \"Who Dat Girl\"). The three would next collaborate with Taio Cruz on the song \"Hangover\". \"Good Feeling\" peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Flo Rida's sixth top-ten and fourth top-five single on the chart. The", "title": "Good Feeling (song)" }, { "id": "16051587", "text": "the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. \"Levels\" contains a vocal sample from the 1962 gospel-inspired song \"Something's Got a Hold on Me\" by Etta James, as written by Leroy Kirkland, Pearl Woods and James. It is the same sample previously used in Pretty Lights' 2006 song \"Finally Moving\" from his debut album, \"Taking Up Your Precious Time\". Flo Rida's single \"Good Feeling\", which became a worldwide hit in late 2011, was primarily influenced by \"Levels\" and its Etta James sample. Several critics consider \"Levels\" to be Avicii's greatest song and one of the greatest EDM songs of all", "title": "Levels (Avicii song)" }, { "id": "15899323", "text": "samples Etta James's 'Something's Got a Hold on Me' - makes this club-rap number sound about as authentic as Asda's tinned spaghetti.\" Following James's death on January 20, 2012, Flo Rida dedicated the song in her memory. \"Good Feeling\" debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at No. 82 in its first week of release, and peaked at No. 3 in its 16th week on the Hot 100 in January 2012. It reached 3 million in sales by April 2012, and has sold over 4 million in the U.S. as of March 2014. In the UK, \"Good Feeling\" reached No. 1", "title": "Good Feeling (song)" }, { "id": "6192802", "text": "Feel (Robbie Williams song) \"Feel\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 18 November 2002 as the lead single from his fifth studio album, \"Escapology\" (2002). The song became an international hit, reaching the top of the charts in Austria, Poland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, and top five positions in countries such as Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. \"Feel\" was written by Robbie Williams and Guy Chambers. According to Williams, most of the vocals are from the original demo recording, as he felt unsatisfied with the re-recorded vocals. He commented, \"I just couldn't", "title": "Feel (Robbie Williams song)" }, { "id": "13552319", "text": "I Got a Feeling \"I Got a Feeling\" is a song recorded by American Motown vocal group Four Tops for their 1966 album, \"On Top\". It was written by Holland–Dozier–Holland and produced by Brian Holland and Lamont Dozier. In 1967, \"I Got a Feeling\" was covered by Barbara Randolph. This version was produced by Hal Davis and released as a single in 1967. British singer Lisa Stansfield covered \"I Got a Feeling\" in 1983 and released it as a single in the United Kingdom. Her version was produced by David Pickerill. The single's B-side included \"Red Lights,\" another song recorded", "title": "I Got a Feeling" }, { "id": "16051588", "text": "time, mostly due to its chart success and the recognizable synth riff. \"Levels\" is a progressive house song produced in the key of C-sharp minor, with a simple chord progression of C#m-E-B-A. It samples lyrics from Etta James's 1962 single, \"Something's Got a Hold on Me\", only consisting of \"Oh, sometimes I get a good feeling, yeah. Get a feeling that I never, never, never, never had before, no, no. I get a good feeling, yeah\". Published on November 29, 2011, the music video depicts a weary looking man coming to work in an office environment. After a while, he", "title": "Levels (Avicii song)" }, { "id": "4009649", "text": "downloadable content (DLC) for the \"Rocksmith\" guitar learning game. The song is available individually or as part of the 'Rock Hits 70s' Song Pack along with \"Jessica\" by The Allman Brothers Band and Deep Purple's \"Smoke on the Water.\" More Than a Feeling \"More Than a Feeling\" is a song written by Tom Scholz and first released by American rock band Boston as the lead single from their self-titled debut album on Epic Records in September 1976, with \"Smokin'\" on the flipside. The single peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The track is now a staple of", "title": "More Than a Feeling" }, { "id": "8490669", "text": "I Get the Sweetest Feeling \"I Get the Sweetest Feeling\" is a 1968 single by Jackie Wilson from the album with the same title. The track is a Motown inspired song recorded during his Chicago period when he regained energy and started to record many singles and albums again. The track was written by Van McCoy and Alicia Evelyn. The orchestra was directed by Willie Henderson with Motown's in-house band Funk Brothers performing the instrumental track with The Andantes providing the background vocals. The single was originally a moderate chart success securing a No.34 position on the Billboard charts. Four", "title": "I Get the Sweetest Feeling" }, { "id": "7592527", "text": "Hooked on a Feeling \"Hooked on a Feeling\" is a 1968 pop song written by Mark James and originally performed by B. J. Thomas. Thomas's version featured the sound of the electric sitar, and reached No. 5 in 1969 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It has been recorded by many other artists, including Blue Swede, whose version reached No. 1 in the United States in 1974. The Blue Swede version made singer Björn Skifs' \"Ooga-Chaka-Ooga-Ooga\" intro well known (and famous in Sweden at the time), although it had been used originally by British musician Jonathan King in his 1971 version", "title": "Hooked on a Feeling" }, { "id": "13379318", "text": "all time. This also makes it the highest selling digital as well as non-charity single in the US ever. \"I Gotta Feeling\" spent 14 consecutive weeks atop the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, the longest-running number-one single of 2009. The song was the third most successful song of the decade in Australia, as announced on January 7, 2010. Worldwide, it was the most successful song of the 21st century (with estimates putting combined sales and streams between 13 and 15 million units) until passed by \"Happy\" by Pharrell Williams in 2014. \"I Gotta Feeling\" was written and composed by all the members", "title": "I Gotta Feeling" }, { "id": "13067080", "text": "Boom Boom Pow \"Boom Boom Pow\" is a song by The Black Eyed Peas released as the lead single from their fifth studio album, \"The E.N.D\". \"Boom Boom Pow\" topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it the group's first U.S. number one single. It is the second longest-running single to stay atop the Hot 100 in 2009, beaten only by The Black Eyed Peas' second single from \"The E.N.D\", \"I Gotta Feeling\", which held the top spot for 14 consecutive weeks. It has also topped the Australian, Canadian and UK singles charts as well as reaching the top 10 in", "title": "Boom Boom Pow" }, { "id": "6113914", "text": "Smokin' (song) \"Smokin'\" is a rock song by the American rock band Boston, released as the b-side to the band's first single, \"More Than a Feeling.\" Like most of the tracks from the group's debut album, it has become a staple on classic rock radio. It has also been covered by other bands, including Anthrax. The song was a collaborative effort between Tom Scholz, the band's mastermind, and recently hired lead singer Brad Delp, and one of the two songs on the first Boston LP not written by Scholz alone. It was one of the songs Scholz started writing in", "title": "Smokin' (song)" }, { "id": "2207012", "text": "Sam Brown (singer) Samantha Brown (born 7 October 1964) is an English singer-songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, arranger and record producer. In a music career spanning more than 30 years, Brown is an ukulele player, and was a blue-eyed soul and jazz singer. Brown came to prominence in the late 1980s as a solo artist, releasing six singles that entered the UK Singles Chart during the 1980s and 1990s. Her solo singles, sometimes dealing with lost love included \"Stop!\", \"This Feeling\", \"Can I Get a Witness\", \"Kissing Gate\", \"With a Little Love\" and \"Just Good Friends\". She worked as a session backing", "title": "Sam Brown (singer)" }, { "id": "16421800", "text": "Misty Oldland Misty Oldland (born Michele Oldland) is a British-Swiss singer-songwriter, best known for her 1994 singles \"A Fair Affair (Je T'Aime)\" and \"Got Me a Feeling\", a duet with soul singer Omar Lye-fook MBE. She has had three of her singles reach the UK Singles Chart with top 10 singles across Europe and Japan, most notably in France, where album Supernatural topped the charts for 6 months, and Iceland where it was number 1. Misty Oldland's songs have been covered by artists including Ophélie Winter (France), Kate Ceberano (Australia), Bonnie Pink (Japan). Oldland presented the 'Soul of MTV' and", "title": "Misty Oldland" }, { "id": "4340430", "text": "I've Got a Feeling \"I've Got a Feeling\" is a song by the Beatles, from the 1970 album \"Let It Be\", recorded at the Beatles' rooftop concert on 30 January 1969. It is a combination of two unfinished songs: Paul McCartney's \"I've Got a Feeling\", and John Lennon's \"Everybody Had a Hard Year\". The song features Billy Preston on electric piano. A studio take of the song, recorded about a week earlier, was released on the \"Anthology 3\" compilation in 1996. The 2003 remix album \"Let It Be... Naked\" includes a version of the song that is a composite edit", "title": "I've Got a Feeling" }, { "id": "13284931", "text": "I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song) \"I Got a Feelin'\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in January 2004 as the second and final single from his 2003 self-titled debut album. The song peaked at number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in mid-2004. It also reached number 50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Currington wrote this song with Casey Beathard and Carson Chamberlain. In his review of the album, Jeffrey B. Remz of \"Country Standard Time\" viewed the song favorably, saying that it showed Currington's", "title": "I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song)" }, { "id": "13379316", "text": "I Gotta Feeling \"I Gotta Feeling\" is the second single from The Black Eyed Peas' fifth album \"The E.N.D.\", produced by French DJ David Guetta. The song was released on June 23, 2009 and debuted at number two on the Canadian and \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on the week of June 27, 2009, behind the group's \"Boom Boom Pow\", making the group one of 11 artists who have occupied the top two positions of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at the same time. It later reached number one on the US charts and 20 charts worldwide. The song was nominated for Record", "title": "I Gotta Feeling" }, { "id": "7385011", "text": "Feeling Good \"Feeling Good\" (also known as \"Feelin' Good\") is a song written by English composers Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse for the musical \"The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd\". It was first performed on stage in 1964 by Cy Grant on the UK tour and by Gilbert Price in 1965 with the original Broadway cast. Nina Simone recorded \"Feeling Good\" for her 1965 album \"I Put a Spell on You\". The song has also been covered by Traffic, Michael Bublé, John Coltrane, George Michael, Victory, Eels, Joe Bonamassa, EDEN, Muse, and Black Cat Bones,", "title": "Feeling Good" }, { "id": "11103542", "text": "fourth album, \"Wild Ones\" (originally titled \"Only One Rida (Part 2)\") was released in July 2012. Its debut single was \"Good Feeling\", released on August 29, 2011. The song samples Etta James' 1962 song, \"Something's Got a Hold on Me\". Following the death of Etta James on January 20, 2012, Flo Rida dedicated the song in her memory. The song peaked at No. 3 in the United States, and topped the charts in Austria, Germany, Scotland, and the UK. It reached the top five in nine other countries. In December 2012 Flo Rida met Emma Hamilton who worked for Emirates", "title": "Flo Rida" }, { "id": "18486480", "text": "Stuck on a Feeling \"Stuck on a Feeling\" is a 2014 song by American singer Prince Royce, featuring American rapper Snoop Dogg, released on November 24, 2014 as a single taken from Royce's fourth studio album \"Double Vision\". The artists co-wrote the song with Sam Martin, Robopop, and Ross Golan, while production was handled by Jason Evigan. The chorus samples the 2001 song \"Dance with Me\" by R&B group 112. A Spanish version of the song was released on February 10, 2015 and features Colombian rapper J Balvin. \"Stuck on a Feeling\" has become Royce's best performing single in the", "title": "Stuck on a Feeling" }, { "id": "1423845", "text": "November 2011, James released her final album, \"The Dreamer\", which was critically acclaimed upon its release. She announced that this would be her final album. Her continuing relevance was affirmed in 2011 when the Swedish DJ Avicii achieved substantial chart success with the song \"Levels\", which samples her 1962 song \"Something's Got a Hold on Me\". The same sample was used by the rapper Flo Rida in his 2011 hit single \"Good Feeling\". Both artists issued statements of condolence upon James's death. James possessed the vocal range of a contralto. Her musical style changed during the course of her career.", "title": "Etta James" }, { "id": "13379337", "text": "by Mikey Mee of \"Little Minx\" and features guest appearances by David Guetta, Kid Cudi, members of the indie rock band Gossip, the designer duo Dean and Dan Caten of Dsquared and \"RuPaul's Drag Race\" alumni Ongina. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The E.N.D\", Interscope Records, in association with will.i.am Music Group. I Gotta Feeling \"I Gotta Feeling\" is the second single from The Black Eyed Peas' fifth album \"The E.N.D.\", produced by French DJ David Guetta. The song was released on June 23, 2009 and debuted at number two on the Canadian and \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on", "title": "I Gotta Feeling" }, { "id": "4542978", "text": "Stephanie Mills Stephanie Dorthea Mills (born March 22, 1957) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Mills rose to stardom as \"Dorothy\" in the original Broadway run of the musical \"The Wiz\" from 1975 to 1977. The song \"Home\" from the show later became a Number 1 U.S. R&B hit for Mills and her signature song. During the 1980s, Mills scored five Number 1 R&B hits, including \"Home\", \"I Have Learned to Respect the Power of Love\", \"I Feel Good All Over\", \"(You're Puttin') A Rush on Me\" and \"Something in the Way (You Make Me Feel)\". Mills' won a", "title": "Stephanie Mills" }, { "id": "1317865", "text": "1967 that became one of his final hits. \"I Get the Sweetest Feeling\", despite its modest initial chart success in the US (Billboard Pop #34), has since become one of his biggest international chart successes, ranking in Top 10 twice in the UK (in 1972 and 1987), and in the Top 20 of the Dutch Top 40. \"I Get the Sweetest Feeling\" spawned numerous cover versions by other artists such as Edwin Starr, Will Young, Erma Franklin (Aretha Franklin's sister) and Liz McClarnon. A key to Jackie Wilson's musical rebirth was Davis insisting that Wilson no longer record with Brunswick's", "title": "Jackie Wilson" }, { "id": "11103528", "text": "chart. Flo Rida has sold over 80 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists. His catalog includes the international hit singles \"Right Round\", \"Club Can't Handle Me\", \"Good Feeling\", \"Wild Ones\", \"Whistle\", \"I Cry\", \"G.D.F.R.\", and \"My House\". Tramar Lacel Dillard was born in Carol City, Florida, on September 17, 1979. His parents raised him together with his seven sisters, the youngest of whom is his twin. Some of his sisters would sing in a local gospel group. His brother-in-law was a hype man for local rap group 2 Live Crew, and while in ninth grade,", "title": "Flo Rida" }, { "id": "13379317", "text": "of the Year at the 52nd Grammy Awards and won the Grammy for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. \"I Gotta Feeling\" was 5th on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Songs of the Decade. The song was also nominated as Song of the Year at the 2009 World Music Awards. In March 2011, it became the first song in digital history to sell over 7 million digital copies in the United States. , \"I Gotta Feeling\" has over 8.9 million downloads in this country, as it holds the record as the most downloaded song on iTunes of", "title": "I Gotta Feeling" }, { "id": "12553510", "text": "a duet with George Jones which was previously released from his 1993 album \"High-Tech Redneck\". As listed in liner notes. Strings by The Nashville String Machine conducted by Carl Gorodetzky Feelin' Good Train Feelin' Good Train is the third studio album released by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. It was released in 1994 (see 1994 in country music) on Mercury Records. The album produced four singles for Kershaw on the \"Billboard\" country charts. The first two singles were \"National Working Woman's Holiday\" and a cover of the Amazing Rhythm Aces' \"Third Rate Romance\", both of which peaked at #2.", "title": "Feelin' Good Train" }, { "id": "7698622", "text": "Feel Good Time \"Feel Good Time\" is a song by American singer Pink featuring William Orbit. It was released on June 20, 2003 as the lead single on the international edition of her third studio album \"Try This\". It was later used on the soundtrack of the 2003 film \"\". The single peaked at number sixty on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number three on the UK Singles Chart, and has been certified gold by the ARIA. The song was originally written by and recorded by Beck and William Orbit with the intention of being a Beck track, but", "title": "Feel Good Time" }, { "id": "18486483", "text": "in Australia. Stuck on a Feeling \"Stuck on a Feeling\" is a 2014 song by American singer Prince Royce, featuring American rapper Snoop Dogg, released on November 24, 2014 as a single taken from Royce's fourth studio album \"Double Vision\". The artists co-wrote the song with Sam Martin, Robopop, and Ross Golan, while production was handled by Jason Evigan. The chorus samples the 2001 song \"Dance with Me\" by R&B group 112. A Spanish version of the song was released on February 10, 2015 and features Colombian rapper J Balvin. \"Stuck on a Feeling\" has become Royce's best performing single", "title": "Stuck on a Feeling" }, { "id": "19811835", "text": "Greatest Hits (1985–1993) Greatest Hits: 1985–1993 is a compilation album by American recording R&B singer Stephanie Mills released in 1996. This is Mills fourth hits compilation and includes most of her hit singles released from her catalog on MCA Records. The album features \"Bit by Bit\" theme song from \"Fletch\" and \"Where Is the Love\" a duet with singer Robert Brookins, a song was originally recorded by Donny Hathaway and Roberta Flack. The hits album also includes Mills' biggest R&B charting singles: \"Home\", \"I Feel Good All Over\", \"Something in the Way (You Make Me Feel)\", \"(You're Puttin') A Rush", "title": "Greatest Hits (1985–1993)" }, { "id": "17317460", "text": "The Good Feeling The Good Feeling is an album by the Christian McBride Big Band that won the Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album in 2011. The record was released on via Mack Avenue label. This is his first full big band recording as a leader. McBride plays with a 17-piece band featuring saxophonists Ron Blake, Loren Schoenberg and Steve Wilson; trumpeters Frank Greene and Nicholas Payton; trombonists Steve Davis, Michael Dease and Douglas Purviance; pianist Xavier Davis; and drummer Ulysses Owens, among others. Together, the band presents six originals going with five jazz standards. McBride said \"I’m", "title": "The Good Feeling" }, { "id": "13379319", "text": "of The Black Eyed Peas (credited as William Adams, Allan Pineda, Jaime Gomez, and Stacy Ferguson) together with French producers David Guetta, Frederick Riesterer, both of whom produced the song. will.i.am provided additional synthesizer work to the song. The song was recorded at Square Prod in Paris, France and Metropolis Studios in London, England, United Kingdom. \"I Gotta Feeling\" is the second single released from \"The E.N.D\" (2009). Interscope Records serviced the song to contemporary hit and rhythmic crossover radios on June 23, 2009 in the United States. In an interview with Annie Reuter of Marie Claire, will.i.am stated that", "title": "I Gotta Feeling" }, { "id": "10644244", "text": "at number 51. In 2011, he reunited with Lonestar after Collins left. McDonald has sung duet or backing vocals on several artists' albums, including \"Maybe He'll Notice Her Now\", a single from Mindy McCready's 1996 debut \"Ten Thousand Angels\" (a song which peaked at No. 18 on the Hot Country Songs charts in early 1997), \"Outside Looking In\" on Kellie Coffey's 2002 debut \"When You Lie Next to Me\", and \"Havin' a Good Time\" on Tommy Shane Steiner's 2002 debut \"Then Came the Night\". He has also co-written singles for other country music artists, including \"She's Always Right\" by Clay", "title": "Richie McDonald" }, { "id": "6069653", "text": "Flashdance... What a Feeling \"Flashdance... What a Feeling\" is a song from the 1983 film \"Flashdance\", written by Italian composer Giorgio Moroder (music), Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (lyrics), and performed by Cara. In addition to topping the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Cara's only #1 song, it earned a platinum record, the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, and the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. In 2004 it finished at #55 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. The song also kept Culture Club's", "title": "Flashdance... What a Feeling" }, { "id": "7698625", "text": "in the liner photos).\" Feel Good Time \"Feel Good Time\" is a song by American singer Pink featuring William Orbit. It was released on June 20, 2003 as the lead single on the international edition of her third studio album \"Try This\". It was later used on the soundtrack of the 2003 film \"\". The single peaked at number sixty on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number three on the UK Singles Chart, and has been certified gold by the ARIA. The song was originally written by and recorded by Beck and William Orbit with the intention of being", "title": "Feel Good Time" }, { "id": "16023906", "text": "I Always Feel Like \" I Always Feel Like\" is the lead single released from TRU's fourth studio album, \"Tru 2 da Game\". The song incorporated the melody and contained re-sung elements of Rockwell's 1984 hit, \"Somebody's Watching Me\", with Mo B. Dick singing the hook from the original song. Mo B. Dick also produced the song, along with fellow Beats By the Pound members KLC and Craig B. Master P, Silkk the Shocker and Mia X performed the song. Released less than a month before \"Tru 2 da Game\", \"I Always Feel Like\" became the group's most successful single,", "title": "I Always Feel Like" }, { "id": "777487", "text": "his eighth U.S. Mainstream Top 40 number-one song, at the moment being the most among male artists. It became the best-selling song of the year in the U.S. with 2.4 million copies sold. On February 26, 2017, Timberlake opened the 89th Academy Awards with a performance of \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\", since the song earned him a nomination. Also that year, Timberlake starred with Kate Winslet and Juno Temple in Woody Allen's drama film \"Wonder Wheel\", and headlined several festivals and live sets, including Rock in Rio, the United States Grand Prix, and the Pilgrimage Music & Cultural Festival, which", "title": "Justin Timberlake" }, { "id": "16153339", "text": "Flo Rida \"[is] content to surrender center-stage on his producers\". \"Complex\" called the album cover art the sixth worst cover of 2012. The title track received a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Performance nomination for Flo Rida and Sia. Notes Unless otherwise noted, Credits are taken from the album’s Liner Notes. Wild Ones (Flo Rida album) Wild Ones is the fourth studio album by American rapper Flo Rida. It was released on July 3, 2012. \"Wild Ones\" had four Top 10 singles on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, when the singles, \"Good Feeling\", \"Wild Ones\", \"Whistle\", and \"I Cry\" charted,", "title": "Wild Ones (Flo Rida album)" }, { "id": "8328199", "text": "Forget\" and \"Sure\") and Minogue's debut album for Deconstruction Records in 1994, including \"Confide In Me\" which he co-wrote and produced. Extensively collaborating with Dave Seaman, Brothers in Rhythm also had mainstream hits in their own right with \"Peace and Harmony\" (1990) and \"Such a Good Feeling\" (1991), the latter reaching number 1 in the \"Billboard\" Dance Club Songs charts. \"Peace and Harmony\" secured greater exposure when it re-appeared as the B-side to \"Such a Good Feeling\". In 1994, the follow-up to \"Such a Good Feeling\", \"Forever and a Day\", was released in the U.K via Stress Records, with vocals", "title": "Steve Anderson (musician)" }, { "id": "20640667", "text": "Good Feeling (Paul Carrack album) Good Feeling is the fourteenth solo studio album by the English singer-songwriter Paul Carrack. It was originally released in 2012 on Carrack's own Carrack-UK label and peaked at #46 on the UK charts, making \"Good Feeling\" Carrack's highest charting solo album to that time. Carrack originally recorded the song \"From Now On\" on his 1982 LP \"Suburban Voodoo\"; the version on \"Good Feeling\" is an entirely new recording. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine calls \"Good Feeling\" \"a bright, bouncing collection of blue-eyed soul. Perhaps the production is just a shade too clean -- it not only", "title": "Good Feeling (Paul Carrack album)" }, { "id": "9413559", "text": "on episode. In 2017, Tristen released a digital single via Instant Records. Peaceful Easy Feeling \"Peaceful Easy Feeling\" is a song written by Jack Tempchin and recorded by the Eagles. It was the third single from the band's 1972 debut album \"Eagles\". The single reached No. 22 on the charts and is one of the band's most popular songs. Glenn Frey sings the lead vocal, with Bernie Leadon providing the main harmony vocal (starting in the beginning of the second verse) and Randy Meisner completing this three-part harmony. Tommy Shannon, the former bass player for Stevie Ray Vaughan, stated that", "title": "Peaceful Easy Feeling" }, { "id": "19171949", "text": "a Feeling\" was written by Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase, with Lloyd Cole and Peter Nashel handling additional production. Paul Q. Kolderie and Sean Slade served as the track's mixers, with Matthew Ellard's role being an assistant to them, and Bob Ludwig finalized the mastering. It is a pop song, supported by a horn section influenced by 1960s-style harmonies. Durand's vocals in \"I've Got a Feeling\" are light and subtle; according to \"Billboard\"s Larry Flick, they do not include any \"unnecessary posturing or vocal noodling\". The lyrics reference the feeling of falling in love. According to the liner", "title": "I've Got a Feeling (Ivy song)" }, { "id": "16023907", "text": "reaching number 71 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It was also a sizable rap hit, peaking at number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Rap Singles. I Always Feel Like \" I Always Feel Like\" is the lead single released from TRU's fourth studio album, \"Tru 2 da Game\". The song incorporated the melody and contained re-sung elements of Rockwell's 1984 hit, \"Somebody's Watching Me\", with Mo B. Dick singing the hook from the original song. Mo B. Dick also produced the song, along with fellow Beats By the Pound members KLC and Craig B. Master P, Silkk the Shocker and", "title": "I Always Feel Like" }, { "id": "6733716", "text": "that year, Lee provided the vocals for Favretto's single \"I Get The Feeling\", also released by Off Limits. Annerley Gordon bought a house in Italy in 2005, and has a son born in the same year. Ann Lee (singer) Ann Lee (born Annerley Emma Gordon; 12 November 1967) is a British Eurodance singer and songwriter who rose to fame in the late 1990s. She is known primarily for her 1999 hit single \"2 Times\". Having moved to live in Italy in the late 1980s, Lee was talent-scouted, and was used as the lead singer on a series of Eurodance singles,", "title": "Ann Lee (singer)" }, { "id": "5124880", "text": "April 2013 she performed with Puscifer at Coachella and Lollapalooza Chile and Brazil. In February 2014 she appears as a guest vocalist on the track, \"I Feel\" on Sierra Swan's album \"Good Soldier\", produced by Billy Corgan. In 2018 she was due to tour with Tears for Fears, handling backup vocals. However, the tour has been postponed to 2019 due to unspecified health reasons with either Roland Orzabal or Curt Smith of the band. Carina Round Carina Round (born 20 April 1979) is a British singer-songwriter from Wolverhampton in the West Midlands of England. In the summer of 1996, following", "title": "Carina Round" }, { "id": "13379329", "text": "other \"Billboard\" charts, including Hot Digital Songs, Mainstream Top 40, and Radio Songs. It was the group's second single to sell over 6 million downloads in the United States, and was certified 7× Platinum on August 25, 2010 by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) signifying sales of over 7 million units. It was the first song to reach sales of over 6 million (July 25, 2010), 7 million (March 20, 2011) and 8 million (June 24, 2012). It also earned the accolade of being the best digital seller in history. In Canada, the song debuted on the Canadian", "title": "I Gotta Feeling" }, { "id": "10088003", "text": "Contemporary chart in the United States. Over the next few years \"Feelings\" was performed by many other vocalists including Ella Fitzgerald, Shirley Bassey, Nina Simone, Salena Jones, Angelica Maria, Petula Clark, José José, Caetano Veloso, Engelbert Humperdinck, Muslim Magomayev, Glen Campbell, The O'Jays, Sarah Vaughan, Walter Jackson, Sergey Penkin, Julio Iglesias, Dobie Gray and Johnny Mathis. It was also recorded by numerous easy listening bandleaders and ensembles such as Santo & Johnny, Percy Faith, Ferrante & Teicher, Franck Pourcel, 101 Strings and Herb Ohta whose ukulele rendition was recorded with André Popp's orchestra for A&M Records. During a lecture at", "title": "Feelings (Morris Albert song)" }, { "id": "4732012", "text": "Dodgy Dodgy are an English power pop rock trio, that rose to prominence during the Britpop era of the 1990s. They are best known for their hits \"Staying Out for the Summer\", \"If You're Thinking of Me\", and \"Good Enough\". The last was their biggest hit reaching No. 4 in the UK Singles Chart. They released their first album in over a decade, \"Stand Upright in a Cool Place\", on Strikeback Records in February 2012. Dodgy were born from the ashes of Purple, a trio from Bromsgrove and Redditch, who had moved to London and was composed of Nigel Clark", "title": "Dodgy" }, { "id": "16847370", "text": "her influence to help set up the Southern California Blues Society to help promote the art form through education and sponsorship. Evans commenced her solo career in 1973, and found almost immediate chart success. Her track \"Good Feeling\" (United Artists 246) entered the R&B chart on June 30, 1973 for four weeks, reaching number 55. However, it was another four years before \"Good Thing Queen - Part 1\" (ICA 002) entered the same chart listing on July 9, 1977 for eight weeks, peaking at number 47. In 1975 she supplied backing vocals on Donald Byrd's album, \"Stepping into Tomorrow\". Also", "title": "Margie Evans" }, { "id": "5479788", "text": "Brothers in Rhythm Brothers in Rhythm are an English electronic music trio consisting of producers / remixers and DJs Steve Anderson, Dave Seaman and Alan Bremner. They have remixed and/or produced tracks by Lulu, M People, Secret Life, Rebekah Ryan, Seal, Janet Jackson, Michael Jackson, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, New Order, Dannielle Gaha, Pet Shop Boys, Kylie Minogue, Garbage, Placebo, Alanis Morissette, U2 and many others. As Brothers in Rhythm they hit #1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play chart in 1991 with \"Such a Good Feeling\". It reached #14 in the UK Singles Chart upon re-issue", "title": "Brothers in Rhythm" }, { "id": "19664436", "text": "Good Girls (Elle King song) \"Good Girls\" is a song written and recorded by American singer and songwriter Elle King for the soundtrack of the 2016 supernatural comedy film \"Ghostbusters\". The song was cowritten and produced by Dave Bassett. It was released digitally on June 3, 2016, through RCA Records as the soundtrack's lead single and relesased to American Triple A radio on June 13, 2016. Upon release, the song received positive reviews from music critics and attained a top 40 position on the \"Billboard\" Rock Songs chart. \"Good Girls\" is an uptempo rockabilly and pop rock song written by", "title": "Good Girls (Elle King song)" }, { "id": "16421804", "text": "the original think tank behind the creation of 38 Degrees and has collaborated with the Green Party, Greenpeace, Trees Have Rights, eradicatingecocide.com, The Ecologist, Polly Higgins, Tamsin Omond, The Inga Foundation and Climate Rush. Misty's ancestry is Northern European (Irish Scottish Welsh) French, Swiss, Italian, North African and Spanish. Misty Oldland Misty Oldland (born Michele Oldland) is a British-Swiss singer-songwriter, best known for her 1994 singles \"A Fair Affair (Je T'Aime)\" and \"Got Me a Feeling\", a duet with soul singer Omar Lye-fook MBE. She has had three of her singles reach the UK Singles Chart with top 10 singles", "title": "Misty Oldland" }, { "id": "1466692", "text": "B. J. Thomas Billy Joe \"B.J.\" Thomas (born August 7, 1942) is an American popular singer. He is particularly known for his hit songs of the 1960s and 1970s, which appeared on the pop, country, and Christian music charts. His best-known recordings are the Burt Bacharach and Hal David song \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" and the original version of the Mark James song \"Hooked on a Feeling\". Thomas was raised in and around Houston, Texas, graduating from Lamar Consolidated High School in Rosenberg. Before his solo career, he sang in a church choir as a teenager, then joined", "title": "B. J. Thomas" }, { "id": "2207023", "text": "its title was suggested by a fan via Brown's website. Studio albums Sam Brown (singer) Samantha Brown (born 7 October 1964) is an English singer-songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, arranger and record producer. In a music career spanning more than 30 years, Brown is an ukulele player, and was a blue-eyed soul and jazz singer. Brown came to prominence in the late 1980s as a solo artist, releasing six singles that entered the UK Singles Chart during the 1980s and 1990s. Her solo singles, sometimes dealing with lost love included \"Stop!\", \"This Feeling\", \"Can I Get a Witness\", \"Kissing Gate\", \"With a", "title": "Sam Brown (singer)" }, { "id": "17317462", "text": "with the trombone section’s melody answered by trumpet and saxophone rejoinders before opening up for solos, including a showcase for the leader’s speedy fingerboard flights and chopping-wood tone. Bluesy swagger also marks “In a Hurry,” originally heard on McBride's debut album and here building into a ferocious, criss-crossing bone battle between Michael Dease and James Burton. It's topped off with the leader's quick-witted bowed solo, a shouted chorus, and an extended, aptly explosive drum solo from Ulysses Owens Jr.\" Reviewers of SFJAZZ Center wrote \"...until 2011's The Good Feeling, McBride had never recorded an album with his own big band.", "title": "The Good Feeling" }, { "id": "12014202", "text": "Priscilla Ahn Priscilla Ahn (born Priscilla Natalie Hartranft; March 9, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. She released her single \"Dream\" from her debut album, \"A Good Day\", produced by Joey Waronker for EMI's Blue Note Records, in 2008. After growing up in Pennsylvania and graduating from high school, Ahn moved to Los Angeles, California, adopted her mother's Korean maiden name and began to pursue a music career. Ahn has toured with Willie Nelson, Amos Lee, Ray LaMontagne, Devotchka and Joshua Radin and her collaborative efforts include Tiësto's \"I Am Strong\", Cary Brothers' \"Maps\" and Ashtar Command's \"The", "title": "Priscilla Ahn" }, { "id": "6774673", "text": "Hey, Good Lookin' (song) \"Hey, Good Lookin'\" is a 1951 song written and recorded by Hank Williams, and his version was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2001. Since its original 1951 recording it has been covered by a variety of artists. The Hank Williams song was inspired by another song by the same title, which was written by Cole Porter in 1942. The lyrics for the Williams version begin as a come on using double entendres related to food preparation (\"How's about cookin' somethin' up with me?\"). By the third and fourth verses, the singer is promising", "title": "Hey, Good Lookin' (song)" }, { "id": "15899322", "text": "reviewer also said that \"We have a good feeling that Flo Rida has a chart-topping hit on his hands with this club banger. It feels like an anthem for the fist-pumping crowd that idolizes MTV's Guido-ville show ‘The Jersey Shore.’\" In a more favorable review, Katherine St Asaph of \"Pop Dust\" wrote that the track \"might be the most listenable Flo Rida track ever\" and that it's \"pretty damn good.\" In a more negative review, Digital Spy's Robert Copsey rated it two stars (out of possible five) and wrote that \"the sampling of DJ Avicii's 'Levels' - which in turn", "title": "Good Feeling (song)" }, { "id": "10810617", "text": "with jazz saxophonist Robert Stewart throughout the early 1990s in San Francisco. In January 2000, Ledisi released her first album, \"\", independently on her label, LeSun Records. The album spun off four singles, \"Soulsinger\", \"Take Time\", \"Get Outta My Kitchen\", and \"Good Lovin'\". After the release of \"\", Ledisi toured with her group Anibade. In 2002, Ledisi released her second album, \"Feeling Orange but Sometimes Blue\", which was also released independently. The album featured the singles \"Feeling Orange but Sometimes Blue\" and \"Autumn Leaves\". During this time she also recorded commercials for the Sci Fi Channel. In 2003, Ledisi won", "title": "Ledisi" }, { "id": "15899324", "text": "in the UK Singles Chart in January 2012 eight weeks after release. It was his third No. 1 in the UK with sales of 51,000 that week. The song has sold 710,000 copies in the UK as of December 2012. A lyric video was uploaded to Flo Rida's YouTube channel on August 29, 2011. He shot the music video on September 27, 2011, and it was then later officially released to YouTube on October 21, 2011. The music video for \"Good Feeling\" follows Flo Rida on a tour around Europe. A lot of his exercise regime can be seen in", "title": "Good Feeling (song)" }, { "id": "20562522", "text": "We've Got a Good Thing Going \"We've Got a Good Thing Going\" is a song written by The Corporation and originally performed by Michael Jackson. Originally appearing as the B-side of Jackson's 1972 single \"I Wanna Be Where You Are\", it was later included on his second album \"Ben\". In 1981, Jamaican reggae singer, Sugar Minott scored his biggest hit with a cover version of the song, reaching number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. British pop singer Yazz recorded a version of the song in 1996 which reached number 53 in the UK Singles Chart. \"EastEnders\" actor-turned-singer Sid Owen", "title": "We've Got a Good Thing Going" }, { "id": "10178581", "text": "weeks in the number-one position on a US pop music chart. In 2009, hip-hop group The Black Eyed Peas surpassed Craig's record for artist with most consecutive weeks in the number-one position with the songs \"Boom Boom Pow\" and \"I Gotta Feeling\". However, their record was accomplished with combined weeks of two #1 songs - one succeeding the other in the top position. \"Billboard\" ranked it as the No. 1 song overall for 1947. In 1977, \"Near You\" became a number-one country hit for the duo of George Jones and Tammy Wynette, one of the more unlikely compositions the two", "title": "Near You" }, { "id": "15899327", "text": "Dance 4\". The song is also used in Buick and Royal Caribbean commercials. A part of the song was also present in the 2012 movie \"\", but sped up. The song is present in the pilot episode of \"iZombie\". It was also used in the official trailer for the 2017 comedy \"Father Figures\". For the 2011–12 and 2012–13 seasons, \"Good Feeling\" was the unofficial victory song of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s New York Rangers. The song was played after every Rangers home win at Madison Square Garden until it was replaced with \"Wake Me Up\", also by the song's", "title": "Good Feeling (song)" }, { "id": "11219081", "text": "guitar, Kutzle, along with Zach Filkins, also aids frontman, Ryan Tedder in songwriting and composing music for the band. Many of the songs on the band's second album \"Waking Up\" were co-written and co-produced by Kutzle, including the lead single \"All The Right Moves\" and the single, \"Good Life\" as well as \"Feel Again\" and \"If I Lose Myself\" which are both singles from their third album \"Native\". At live concerts, he can be seen playing bass guitar, cello, and singing background vocals along with other band members Zach Filkins, Eddie Fisher , and Drew Brown. Brent Kutzle Brent Michael", "title": "Brent Kutzle" }, { "id": "5278585", "text": "I Feel for You \"I Feel for You\" is a song written by Prince that originally appeared on his 1979 self-titled album. The most successful and best-known version was recorded by R&B singer Chaka Khan and appeared on her 1984 album \"I Feel for You\". Prince, as songwriter, won the 1985 Grammy Award for Best R&B Song. Prince originally recorded the song containing disco music for his eponymous second album, released in 1979. He uses the falsetto vocal with the melody range between C and C. However, the song and \"I Wanna Be Your Lover\", a hit song of Prince's", "title": "I Feel for You" }, { "id": "17491709", "text": "The Feelin's Good The Feelin's Good is a compilation album of tracks recorded by jazz tenor saxophonist Hank Mobley in 1963 and 1964 and released on the Music Matters label. It features performances by Mobley, Donald Byrd, Herbie Hancock, Butch Warren and Philly Joe Jones. Those songs recorded on March 7, 1963 were originally released as follows: \"Old World, New Imports\" and \"Up A Step\", appeared on \"No Room for Squares\" released in 1964. \"East Of The Village\" and \"The Good Life\", appeared on \"The Turnaround!\" released in 1965 and the remaining two tracks, \"The Feelin's Good\" and \"Yes Indeed\",", "title": "The Feelin's Good" }, { "id": "14841984", "text": "Blues with a Feeling \"Blues with a Feeling\" is a blues song written and first recorded by Rabon Tarrant with Jack McVea and His All Stars in 1947, as the B-side of \"Slowly Goin' Crazy Blues\". Although the original release was commercially unsuccessful, the song later became an important hit for Little Walter, with whom it is usually identified. Walter transformed the tune from Tarrant's jump blues-oriented style to a Chicago blues harmonica classic. It became an important piece for blues harp players and a variety of musicians have recorded their own renditions. Rabon Tarrant, a drummer with saxophone player", "title": "Blues with a Feeling" }, { "id": "10088002", "text": "Feelings (Morris Albert song) \"Feelings\" is a song with lyrics written by Brazilian singer Morris Albert, set to the tune of \"Pour Toi\" separately composed by Louis “Loulou” Gasté in 1957. Albert recorded \"Feelings\" as a single and later included it as the title track of his 1975 debut album. The song's lyrics, recognizable by their \"whoa whoa whoa\" chorus, concern the singer's inability to \"forget my feelings of love\". Albert's original recording of the song was very successful, performing well internationally. In mid-1975, \"Feelings\" peaked at number 6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 2 on the Adult", "title": "Feelings (Morris Albert song)" }, { "id": "13379327", "text": "release, writing that \"they trade off on a simple, yet effective melody and message\". \"I Gotta Feeling\" followed in the international success of \"The E.N.D\"'s lead single \"Boom Boom Pow\". In the United States, the song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number two, behind \"Boom Boom Pow\", prompted by sales of 249,000 downloads. The song held at number two for another week before rising to the top position on the chart. On July 30, 2009, it was reported that the song, along with \"Boom Boom Pow\" helped earn The Black Eyed Peas the longest run at number one", "title": "I Gotta Feeling" }, { "id": "17208521", "text": "downloads in 2013. By April 2014, the single had reached its 7 million mark in sales, taking 56 weeks to reach this mark. In Canada, the song reached number one for 13 consecutive weeks, becoming the longest-running number-one single of 2013. Since the launch of the Canadian Hot 100 in 2007, the song has become third with most weeks at number one, tying \"Apologize\" by Timbaland featuring OneRepublic, and just behind \"Uptown Funk\" by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars and \"I Gotta Feeling\" by The Black Eyed Peas, with 15 and 16 weeks on top of the charts respectively. It", "title": "Blurred Lines" }, { "id": "20102819", "text": "Feel (Kendrick Lamar song) \"Feel\" (stylized as \"FEEL.\") is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar, from his fourth studio album \"Damn\", released on April 14, 2017. The fifth track on the album (tenth on the \"Collector's Edition\" of \"Damn\"), the song was written by Lamar and Mark Spears, Sounwave, and produced by Sounwave. The song features bass from bass guitarist Thundercat and vocals from Chelsea Blythe. The song sees Lamar taking a deeper look into the void and isolation caused by fame and success, specifically how he feels detached from his family and friends. A common recurrence in \"Feel\"", "title": "Feel (Kendrick Lamar song)" }, { "id": "4555942", "text": "That You Can Do)\" Music & Lyrics by Peter Allen, Burt Bacharach, Chris Cross, & Carole Bayer Sager, performed by Chris Cross – Arthur † 1982: \"Up Where We Belong\" Lyrics by Will Jennings, Music by Jack Nitzsche & Buffy Sainte-Marie, performed by Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes – An Officer and a Gentleman † 1983: \"Flashdance... What a Feeling\" Lyrics by Irene Cara, Keith Forsey, Music by Giorgio Moroder, performed by Irene Cara – Flashdance † 1984: \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\" Music & Lyrics by Stevie Wonder, performed by Stevie Wonder – The Woman in", "title": "Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song" }, { "id": "8490670", "text": "years later, the single was released in the United Kingdom and managed to become a top 10 hit, reaching number nine. After the success of the re-release of \"Reet Petite\" in 1987, it was decided to posthumously re-release this track as well. The re-release hit the British top 10 again, peaking at number three in the UK Singles chart and No.20 in the Dutch Top 40. The song was used in a number of movies like \"High Fidelity\" and the television series \"Jam\". I Get the Sweetest Feeling \"I Get the Sweetest Feeling\" is a 1968 single by Jackie Wilson", "title": "I Get the Sweetest Feeling" }, { "id": "1999050", "text": "UK) and \"Ladies Night\", and a greatest hits album before announcing a break following their 2004 tour. To date the group have had three UK number-one singles: \"Whole Again\", the fourth-best-selling song of all time by a girl group in the UK; \"Eternal Flame\", a song originally recorded by The Bangles; and \"The Tide Is High (Get the Feeling)\", a song originally recorded by The Paragons. They have sold over 10 million records worldwide. After making sporadic appearances in 2006 and 2008, it was announced that McClarnon, Hamilton, and Katona would reunite for the ITV2 series \"The Big Reunion\", alongside", "title": "Atomic Kitten" }, { "id": "9413554", "text": "Peaceful Easy Feeling \"Peaceful Easy Feeling\" is a song written by Jack Tempchin and recorded by the Eagles. It was the third single from the band's 1972 debut album \"Eagles\". The single reached No. 22 on the charts and is one of the band's most popular songs. Glenn Frey sings the lead vocal, with Bernie Leadon providing the main harmony vocal (starting in the beginning of the second verse) and Randy Meisner completing this three-part harmony. Tommy Shannon, the former bass player for Stevie Ray Vaughan, stated that \"Peaceful Easy Feeling\" was playing on the radio when he found out", "title": "Peaceful Easy Feeling" }, { "id": "1423848", "text": "act Vaya Con Dios covered the song on their 1990 album \"Night Owls\". Another version, performed by Christina Aguilera, was in the 2010 film \"Burlesque\". Pretty Lights sampled the song in \"Finally Moving\", followed by Avicii's dance hit \"Levels\", and again in Flo Rida's single \"Good Feeling\". James encountered a string of legal problems during the early 1970s due to her heroin addiction. She was continuously in and out of rehabilitation centers, including the Tarzana Treatment Centers, in Los Angeles, California. Her husband Artis Mills, whom she married in 1969, accepted responsibility when they were both arrested for heroin possession", "title": "Etta James" }, { "id": "10183704", "text": "I Got the Feelin' \"I Got the Feelin'\" is a funk song by James Brown. Released as a single in 1968, it reached #1 on the R&B chart and #6 on the pop chart. It also appeared on a 1968 album of the same name. The Jackson 5 auditioned for Motown founder Berry Gordy in 1968 with a filmed performance of \"I Got the Feelin'\", with the ten-year-old Michael Jackson closely mimicking Brown's vocal style and dance moves. In 1986, the song was prominently featured in the third-season episode of \"The Cosby Show\" entitled \"Golden Anniversary\", with most of the", "title": "I Got the Feelin'" }, { "id": "3910516", "text": "Rufus (band) Rufus was an American funk band from Chicago, Illinois best known for launching the career of lead singer Chaka Khan. They had several hits throughout their career, including \"Tell Me Something Good\", \"Sweet Thing\", “Do You Love What You Feel” and \"Ain't Nobody\". Rufus and Chaka Khan were one of the most popular and influential funk bands of the 70’s with four consecutive number one R&B albums, ten Top 40 Pop Hits and 5 number one R&B singles among other accolades. In 1968, The American Breed (Gary Loizzo, guitar/vocals, Al Ciner, guitar, Charles \"Chuck\" Colbert, bass, and Lee", "title": "Rufus (band)" }, { "id": "7385021", "text": "his album, \"It's Time\". The single was released on 4 April 2005. The song was the opening track on his live album, \"Caught in the Act\", and has appeared in television commercials, ESPN's 2005 \"World Series of Poker\" tournament, and the 2010 NBA draft broadcast. The single peaked at No. 162 in the United Kingdom, No. 70 in Australia, No. 36 in Germany, No. 66 in Austria, and No. 14 in Poland. The song has become one of his most popular singles and became a hit in May 2010 when it reached No. 69 on the UK Singles Chart after", "title": "Feeling Good" }, { "id": "20250542", "text": "In My Feelings \"In My Feelings\" is a song by Canadian musician Drake from his fifth studio album \"Scorpion\" (2018). It was released to rhythmic and contemporary hit radio on July 10, 2018, as the album's fifth single. The song features additional vocals by the City Girls, though they are not credited on the official version. The song topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for ten weeks and broke several records. \"In My Feelings\" is a bounce track, similar to Drake's previous single \"Nice for What\". Upon its release, several outlets reported that the song and \"Kiki\" was about Keshia", "title": "In My Feelings" }, { "id": "13284932", "text": "traditional country sound by the prominence of fiddle (played by Stuart Duncan). The music video for \"I Got a Feelin'\" co-stars Gena Lee Nolin. \"I Got a Feelin'\" debuted at number 53 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of January 17, 2004. I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song) \"I Got a Feelin'\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in January 2004 as the second and final single from his 2003 self-titled debut album. The song peaked at number 5 on the U.S.", "title": "I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song)" }, { "id": "3412033", "text": "in the United States was held by Gwen Stefani's \"Hollaback Girl\", which sold over one million downloads, making it the first song to achieve platinum download status. , the record for the best-selling downloaded single in the United States on the iTunes Store is held by The Black Eyed Peas's \"I Gotta Feeling\", which has sold over 8 million downloads. Soon after his death in 2009, Michael Jackson became the first artist to sell over one million songs downloaded via the Internet in one week. However, Adele marks the most downloads sold by a single song in a week, with", "title": "Music download" }, { "id": "14014282", "text": "Feel So Good (song) \"Feel So Good\" is a song by American hip-hop artist Mase. It was released in October 1997 as the lead single from his debut album, \"Harlem World\", and it appeared on the \"Money Talks\" soundtrack. The song was produced by D-Dot and Sean \"Puffy\" Combs and featured R&B singer Kelly Price on the chorus. The single was the most successful of the three singles released from the album, having peaked at number 5 on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and number-one on the Hot Rap Singles chart. \"Feel So Good\" was", "title": "Feel So Good (song)" }, { "id": "7385016", "text": "Chart in July 1994. Simone's version was remixed by Joe Claussell in 2002 for the first volume of the Verve Remixed series. The vocal track by Nina Simone and the music of \"Feeling Good\" have been sampled in numerous songs. In 1997, it was sampled in \"Feeling Good\" by Huff & Herb and the following year in \"The Twister\" by Viper. Other uses include \"How I Feel\" by Wax Tailor, from the 2005 album \"Tales of the Forgotten Melodies\"; \"New Day\" from the debut collaborative studio album \"Watch the Throne\" by American rappers Jay-Z and Kanye West in 2011; \"How", "title": "Feeling Good" }, { "id": "8999971", "text": "their hit \"Yellow Balloon\" which peaked at #25 on the Billboard 100 Chart and \"Good Feelin' Time\" both taken from the group's debut album. The band's 1967 self-titled LP was released through Canterbury Records and besides featuring the hit single \"Yellow Balloon\", also included two songs co-written by former The Mamas & the Papas singer Jill Gibson. The album was later re-released in 1998 as a CD by Sundazed Music, including all eleven songs from the original album, a few songs Grady released as singles, a demo, and a Zekley recorded interview conducted by the music historian Domenic Priore. The", "title": "The Yellow Balloon (band)" }, { "id": "6113918", "text": "2K18\" soundtrack and on the 2011 film \"Zookeeper\". The Anthrax cover of this song was released on their 2013 covers EP \"Anthems\". The song premiered online on March 15, 2013 prior to the album's release on March 19, 2013. Smokin' (song) \"Smokin'\" is a rock song by the American rock band Boston, released as the b-side to the band's first single, \"More Than a Feeling.\" Like most of the tracks from the group's debut album, it has become a staple on classic rock radio. It has also been covered by other bands, including Anthrax. The song was a collaborative effort", "title": "Smokin' (song)" }, { "id": "16177132", "text": "was certified quintuple platinum by the IFPI, selling over 200,000 copies and is the eighty-third best-selling single in that country. In Norway, the song entered at fifteen on their native singles chart and eventually peaked at number one in its fifth week, and in total, spent twenty-one weeks on the chart. \"Wild Ones\" made its official debut at number fifty-seven on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The single eventually peaked at number five on the chart, and stayed for thirty-six weeks on the chart, making it Flo Rida's third-longest charting single, just behind \"Low\" and \"Good Feeling\". The song also", "title": "Wild Ones (song)" }, { "id": "6993878", "text": "hiatus, however, only lasted until 2017 after a surprise return on Chris Evans' Radio 2 Breakfast Show and an announcement they will be playing Carfest 2018. The Feeling have cited Elton John, Supertramp, the Beatles, Fleetwood Mac, Metallica, and 10cc as influences. The group's guitar-and piano-driven pop/rock sound has been described as power pop, soft rock, melodic rock, pop rock and progressive pop. 2006 2007 2008 The Feeling The Feeling are an English rock band from Horsham, West Sussex. Following a limited release of their first single \"Fill My Little World\" in late 2005, the band entered the UK Singles", "title": "The Feeling" }, { "id": "20890174", "text": "This Feeling (The Chainsmokers song) \"This Feeling\" is a song by American production duo the Chainsmokers, featuring guest vocals from American singer Kelsea Ballerini. Written by Emily Warren, Andrew Taggart and Alex Pall, with production handled by the Chainsmokers and Sly, it was released by Disruptor Records and Columbia Records on September 18, 2018, as the seventh single from the Chainsmokers' upcoming second studio album Sick Boy. It is also featured on the deluxe edition of Ballerini's second studio album, \"Unapologetically\". Kelsea Ballerini and The Chainsmokers debuted the song on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. They also performed the song on", "title": "This Feeling (The Chainsmokers song)" }, { "id": "4272462", "text": "fame, Travis' first studio album, 1997's \"Good Feeling\", is a rockier, more upbeat record than the band's others to date. Recorded at the legendary Bearsville Studios in Woodstock, New York, the place where Travis favourite The Band recorded, the album contained singles such as \"All I Want to Do Is Rock\", \"U16 Girls\", the Beatle'esque \"Tied to the 90's\", \"Happy\" and \"More Than Us\". Guest musicians include Page McConnell of Phish playing keyboards on the title track \"Good Feeling\". The album reached No. 9 on the British charts, but with little radio play, it slipped from the charts relatively quickly.", "title": "Good Feeling (album)" }, { "id": "19650903", "text": "Wicked Child \"Wicked Child\" is a song by British house artist Jason Herd, Australian DJs and producers Stafford Brothers featuring US singer/songwriter, Sherry St.Germain on vocals. It was released as a single in Australia on 15 November 2013. In January 2014, the song peaked at number 61 on the Australian Singles Chart, becoming the group's third top 100 single, following \"More Than a Feeling\" (no.90 in April 2006) and \"Hello\" (no.4 in April 2013) The song peaked at number 12 on the Australian Dance Chart, number 11 on the Australian Artists chart. A music video was directed by Joe Nappa.", "title": "Wicked Child" } ]

[ "$94.14 million" ]

[ { "id": "6569336", "text": "future seasons based on league revenues. For the 2015–16 season, the salary cap was $70 million and the luxury tax limit was $84.74 million. For the 2016–17 season, the salary cap was set at $94.14 million and the luxury tax limit was $113.29 million. For the 2017–18 season, the cap is set at $99 million for the salary cap and $119 million for the luxury tax.The NBA's salary caps are considered \"soft\" salary caps. There are two kinds of salary caps: soft and hard. Soft salary caps allow teams to go above the salary cap however will subject the teams", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569335", "text": "NBA salary cap The NBA salary cap is the limit to the total amount of money that National Basketball Association teams are allowed to pay their players. Like many professional sports leagues, the NBA has a salary cap to control costs and benefit parity, defined by the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA). This limit is subject to a complex system of rules and exceptions and as such is considered a \"soft\" cap and is calculated as a percentage of the league's revenue from the previous season. Under the CBA ratified in December 2011, the cap will continue to vary in", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569382", "text": "signed the contract once the NBA's free agency moratorium ended on July 6, 2017. Shortly thereafter, James Harden agreed on a DVPE with the Rockets. At the time of signing, his current contract had two years remaining with total pay of $59 million; the extension will add another $170 million over four seasons, ending in 2022–23. The next supermax signing was that of John Wall, who agreed later in July to a four-year, $170 million extension that will start in 2019–20. In late September, Russell Westbrook became the fourth and final supermax signing of the 2017 offseason, signing a five-year,", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "2292806", "text": "set at $94.14 million, with the salary floor at 84.73 million and the luxury tax limit at $113.29 million. The current CBA took effect with the 2017–18 season. The NBA uses a \"soft\" cap, meaning that teams were allowed to exceed the cap in order to retain the rights to a player who was already on the team. This provision was known as the \"Larry Bird\" exception, named after the former Boston Celtics great who was retained by that team until his retirement under the provisions of this rule. The purpose of this rule was to address fan unease over", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "6569365", "text": "for a salary up to his previous salary. The maximum amount of money a player can sign for is based on the number of years that player has played and the total of the salary cap. The maximum salary of a player with 6 or fewer years of experience is either $25,500,000 or 25% of the total salary cap (projected for 2017–18), whichever is greater. For a player with 7–9 years of experience, the maximum is $30,600,000 or 30% of the cap, and for a player with 10+ years of experience, the maximum is $35,700,000 or 35% of the cap.", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569366", "text": "There is an exception to this rule: a player is able to sign a contract for 105% of his previous contract, even if the new contract is higher than the league limit. The 2017 CBA made a subtle change to the determination of maximum salaries. Under the 2011 CBA, the salary cap was based on players receiving 44.74% of the league's basketball-related income (BRI), while the calculation of maximum salaries used a lower figure of 42.14% of BRI. This difference was eliminated in the 2017 CBA, with the same 44.74% of BRI used for both cap and maximum salary calculations.", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569412", "text": "he becomes a free agent and the offer would be limited to the veteran's minimum contract. NBA salary cap The NBA salary cap is the limit to the total amount of money that National Basketball Association teams are allowed to pay their players. Like many professional sports leagues, the NBA has a salary cap to control costs and benefit parity, defined by the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA). This limit is subject to a complex system of rules and exceptions and as such is considered a \"soft\" cap and is calculated as a percentage of the league's revenue from the", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569368", "text": "The contract would be for at least three seasons, with a maximum value up to the team's available cap room. In 2017, the scale for lottery picks was as follows: Second-round picks are not subject to a scale, and technically can be paid anywhere from the minimum to the maximum contract amount. In practice, they rarely receive more than the minimum. Prior to the 2017 CBA, the rookie scales for each season were negotiated into the agreement. For the current agreement, only the rookie scales for the 2017–18 season were determined in advance. In subsequent seasons, the percentage change in", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569380", "text": "up to $209 million over five years, a financial commitment that the Kings were apparently unwilling to make. Following the announcement of the 2016–17 All-NBA team, four players were eligible to sign DVPE contracts during the 2017 offseason. All four were named to one of the three All-NBA teams for that season; two were already eligible under the new criteria. Harden and Westbrook would not have qualified under the standard DVPE criteria because both signed extensions to their contracts in the 2016 offseason, Harden for two years and Westbrook for one. The players' union and owners negotiated a special dispensation", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "2292812", "text": "season or two of the three most recent seasons; or named to an All-NBA team in the immediately preceding season or two of the three most recent seasons. These criteria are the same that determine eligibility for a new type of contract introduced with the 2017 CBA—the Designated Veteran Player Extension (DVPE), popularly known as a \"supermax\" contract. Players entering their eighth or ninth season in the league who meet the aforementioned criteria may be eligible to sign an extension of up to 5 years at 35% of the cap, a salary normally allowed only for players with 10 or", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "6569347", "text": "million. Because the NBA's salary cap is a soft one, the CBA allows for several important scenarios in which a team can sign players even if their payroll exceeds the cap. The exceptions are as follows: Once a year, teams can use a mid-level exception (MLE) to sign a player to a contract for a specified maximum amount. The amount of the MLE and its duration depend on the team's cap status. In the 2017 CBA, the MLE was initially set at $8.406 million in the 2017–18 season for teams that are over the cap either before or after the", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569386", "text": "before the 2011 CBA, which limited the maximum contract length to 5 years. While the threshold age was changed in the 2017 CBA, the mechanics of the rule remained the same. Notably, several members of the union's executive committee at the time the 2017 CBA was negotiated were older players who were seen as potential major beneficiaries of a change to an over-38 rule. For example, the change to an over-38 rule gave union president Chris Paul, scheduled to become a free agent after the 2016–17 season, a potential gain of nearly $50 million over the life of his next", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569349", "text": "the MLE was equal to the average NBA salary for all teams over the cap; teams with cap room were then ineligible for the MLE. The Mid-Level Exception for the 2008–09 NBA season was $5.585 million. The MLE was $5.854 million for the 2009–10 NBA regular season. Under the 2017 CBA, the apron was initially set at $6 million above the tax line for the 2017–18 season. In a new feature, the apron will change from season to season, with the percentage change (up or down) set at half of the rate of change of the cap for that season.", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569339", "text": "2011. The next CBA, which took effect in 2011, set the cap at 51.2 percent of BRI in 2011–12, with a 49-to-51 band in subsequent years. To ensure the players get their share of the BRI, teams are required to spend 90 percent of the salary cap each year, the salary floor for the 2016–17 season will be 84.73 million. In December 2016, the league and the players' union reached a tentative agreement on a new CBA, with both sides ratifying it by the end of that month. The new agreement will run through the 2023–24 season, with either side", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569385", "text": "to 38 in the 2017 CBA. The salary for any years that come after the player's 38th birthday is presumed to be deferred compensation, and is shifted for cap purposes to the under-38 seasons of the deal, with the over-38 year(s) being referred to as \"zero years\" in the CBA. If the player continues to play under the deal (proving the presumption of retirement wrong), the salary that had originally been treated as deferred is distributed evenly over the remaining years of the contract, starting with the second season before the zero years. This rule had been a larger issue", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569392", "text": "pay the luxury tax by the third season, as the Houston Rockets did in order to sign Jeremy Lin and Ömer Aşık away from the New York Knicks and Chicago Bulls, respectively. This could discourage them from matching the offer sheet. The 2017 CBA changed the accounting rules for the player's original team in this scenario. If the original team matches, and has enough cap space to absorb the average annual salary of the offer, it can choose to take cap hits of either the actual contract payouts or the average of the contract in each season. Before the 2005", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569371", "text": "their own rookie contracts, and one acquired from another team). Under the 2017 CBA, the \"Designated Player\" limit remains at two, but in a new feature, teams are now able to create Designated Player contracts from their own veteran contracts. In addition, teams may now use their Designated Player slots on any combination of their own rookie contracts, their own veteran contracts, or players acquired in trades. A Designated Player coming off his rookie contract may be eligible to earn 30% of the salary cap (rather than the standard 25%) if he passes certain criteria. Through the 2017–18 season, in", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569369", "text": "the salary cap will be applied to all dollar amounts in the previous season's scale. Amounts that are expressed as a percentage of salary, such as the allowable salary change from the third to the fourth season of the rookie contract, remain the same from season to season. Since the 2011 CBA, each NBA team has been able to nominate a player on his rookie contract to receive a \"Designated Player\" contract extension. A Designated Player is eligible for a 5-year contract extension, instead of being held to the standard 4-year restriction. From 2011 through the 2016–17 season, a team", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569354", "text": "the player's salary becoming the NBA minimum for the player's years of service, prorated from the time of the conversion; a converted contract also does not count in cap calculations. Related to the two-way contract, and also introduced in the 2017 CBA, is an attachment to the standard NBA contract known as Exhibit 10. A contract that contains this attachment may be converted to a two-way contract at the team's option. Exhibit 10 can be used only in one-year, non-guaranteed contracts for the minimum NBA salary, with no bonuses except for an \"Exhibit 10 bonus\" of $5,000 to $50,000. The", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569377", "text": "Player Extension\" (DVPE), came to be called the \"Kevin Durant Rule\" because it was seen as a reaction to a wave of veteran superstars leaving their teams in free agency, capped off by Durant's departure from the Thunder to the Golden State Warriors in the 2016 offseason. The contract is also commonly called \"The Supermax\". The 2011 CBA allowed all of the teams that were trying to lure Durant to offer him the same initial salary of $26.5 million. For a veteran player to qualify for such an extension, he must be entering his eighth or ninth season in the", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569352", "text": "once a team uses the bi-annual exception, the tax apron becomes a hard salary cap for the remainder of that season. The NBA allows teams to sign their first-round draft choices to rookie \"scale\" contracts even if their payroll exceeds the cap. The 2017 CBA introduced two-way contracts between NBA teams and players in the NBA G League (formerly the D-League). Before the 2017 CBA, all D-League players were contracted directly with the league, and all D-League players could be called up by any NBA team, regardless of whether they were affiliated with the player's D-League team. Now, each NBA", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569338", "text": "only one season. The league continued to operate without such a cap until 1984–85 season, when one was instituted in an attempt to level the playing field among all of the NBA's teams and ensure competitive balance for the League in the future. Before the cap was reinstated, teams could spend whatever amount of money they wanted on players, but in the first season under the new cap, they were each limited to $3.6 million in total payroll. Under the 2005 CBA, salaries were capped at 57 percent of basketball-related income (BRI) and lasted for six years until June 30,", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "16017941", "text": "has earned on a 1 year contract, Jordan also holds the record for the second largest 1 year contract at $30,140,000 in the 1996-97 season. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013–14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016–17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40-Million per year when he signed a record 5-year contract worth $201-Million in 2017, starting with $34,682,550 in the 2017-18 season and ending with the largest earnings in the 2021-22 season with a record payout of $45,780,966. Beginning in the 1984–85 NBA", "title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season" }, { "id": "2292805", "text": "NBA's teams and ensure competitive balance for the Association in the future. Before the cap was reinstated, teams could spend whatever amount of money they wanted on players, but in the first season under the new cap, they were each limited to $3.6 million in total payroll. Under the 2005 CBA, salaries were capped at 57 percent of basketball-related income (BRI) and lasted for six years until June 30, 2011. The next CBA, which took effect in 2011–12, set the cap at 51.2 percent of BRI in 2011–12, with a 49-to-51 band in subsequent years. The salary cap for was", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "6569407", "text": "with any professional team—it does not even have to be an NBA team. The amount the original team gets to set off is limited to one-half the difference between the player's new salary and a pro-rated share of the minimum salary for a one-year veteran (if the player is a rookie, then the rookie minimum is used instead). Both the 2005 and 2011 CBAs contained a so-called \"stretch\" provision regarding payment of guaranteed money to waived players and its effect on the salary cap; the 2011 provisions were kept in the 2017 CBA. Under the 2005 CBA, players and teams", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569383", "text": "$205 million extension that started in 2018–19. The cap also includes a provision to close a potential loophole that would provide incentives for teams to skirt the cap by signing an older player to a long-term deal that would not end until after the team expects the player to retire. Cap analyst Larry Coon outlined how this potential loophole would work:For example, suppose the Non-Taxpayer Mid-Level exception is $9 million. With 5% raises, a three-year contract would total $28.35 million. But if they added a fourth year to the contract, the salary would total $38.7 million. If the player retires", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569401", "text": "the payroll of the receiving team cannot exceed the so-called \"apron\" (as of 2017–18 set at $6 million above the tax line) as a result of the trade, and a team that has used the taxpayers' MLE cannot receive a player in a sign-and-trade in that season. Additionally, the apron becomes a hard salary cap for the first season after the signing. Teams above the apron before the trade cannot receive a player unless the trade leaves the team below the apron. The tight salary-matching rules of the 2005 CBA often required what NBA cap analyst Larry Coon called \"trade", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569378", "text": "NBA, and have either: Additionally, the team offering the extension must have originally drafted the player, or obtained him in a trade while he was on his rookie contract. Players who qualify can be offered contracts with a starting salary between 30 and 35% of the salary cap. The extension cannot last more than five years after the expiration of the player's current contract (or five years for a player who is a free agent when signed), but can be negotiated and signed one year before the current contract expires. The extension can be offered to a team's own free", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569376", "text": "five seasons with the Oklahoma City Thunder (2011–2016), he received a Designated Player level salary. His contract was initially drawn up before the lockout—during which the Derrick Rose Rule was implemented—but was officially approved under the provisions of the 2005 CBA by the NBA after the lockout. This led some people to question whether the Thunder had (with NBA approval) effectively signed two players as their Designated Player, as both were contracted for 5 years. The provision in the 2017 CBA that allows teams to create Designated Player contracts for their own veteran players, officially known as the \"Designated Veteran", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569340", "text": "able to opt out after the 2022–23 season. NBA Salary Cap in USD NBA Salary Cap in 2016 USD (Inflation rate through May 2016) Unlike the NFL and NHL, the NBA features a so-called soft cap, meaning that there are several significant exceptions that allow teams to exceed the salary cap to sign players. This is done to allow teams to keep their own players, which, in theory, fosters fan support in each individual city. By contrast, the NFL and NHL salary caps are considered hard, meaning that they offer relatively few (if any) circumstances under which teams can exceed", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "2292809", "text": "violation only if the league average also breached a separate threshold. The NBA implemented a maximum salary for individual players. This was done following a dramatic increase in player salaries, in spite of the salary cap, in the mid-1990s. Under the CBA, a player's maximum possible salary increased along with his time of service in the league. For a player of five years' experience, the maximum salary threshold began at 25% of the salary cap, with annual increases of up to 10.5% possible beyond that for players re-signed by their original team, or 8% annual increases for free agents that", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "6569351", "text": "of the bi-annual exception was the Los Angeles Lakers' signing of Karl Malone to a contract before the 2003–04 season. The exception was eliminated for teams above the tax apron following the 2011 NBA lockout as many high spending teams were using this as a tool to gain top paid players. A team cannot use this exception in consecutive years; a team that used it in 2016–17 (under the 2011 CBA) could not use it in 2017–18 (under the 2017 CBA). It also cannot be used by a team that has already used an MLE in the same season. Additionally,", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569374", "text": "extensions, but both failed to meet the criteria. The only player in the NBA who was attempting to qualify for a full 30% contract in 2013–14 was Paul George, who signed a provisional 30%/5 year contract in September 2013. George, who had made the All-NBA third team in 2012–13, qualified by again making the All-NBA third team. The 2017 CBA changed the qualification criteria for \"5th Year, 30% Max\" contracts. Players who come off rookie contracts at the end of the 2017–18 season, or later, must meet any of the following criteria to qualify: These criteria are identical to those", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "16017942", "text": "season, the NBA's first salary cap was introduced. The NBA salary cap is the maximum dollar amount each NBA team can spend on its players for the season. However, the NBA uses a \"soft\" salary cap, which means that significant \"salary exceptions\" allow NBA teams to exceed their allotted amount in order to sign players. The salary cap is determined during the offseason, but as stated earlier, it is liable to change. An exception is necessary to sign a player for a contract that would exceed the salary cap threshold of the \"soft cap\". The Larry Bird exception, more commonly", "title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season" }, { "id": "6569390", "text": "maximum first-year salary in an offer sheet is the mid-level exception. The second-year salary can be raised a maximum of 4.5%. The third year salary is limited to the maximum a team has available in their salary cap. The salary in the fourth season may increase (or decrease) by up to 4.1% of the salary in the third season. The offer sheet can only increase in the third season if it provides the highest salary allowed in the first two seasons, the contract is fully guaranteed, and it contains no bonuses. A player's original team can use the Early Bird", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569372", "text": "order to be eligible, the player must be voted to start in two All-Star Games, or be named to an All-NBA Team twice (at any level), or be named MVP. Officially titled the \"5th Year 30% Max Criteria\", it has been dubbed (and is more commonly known as) the \"Derrick Rose Rule\" after the 2011 MVP, due to the fact that when the criteria were introduced, Rose was the only player in the NBA eligible to sign the maximum extension (due to his MVP award). The reasoning for the rule is to suitably reward players being extended off of their", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569381", "text": "allowing them to sign DVPE contracts should they otherwise qualify. The most recent player to qualify for a supermax contract is Anthony Davis, who has played his entire NBA career to date with the New Orleans Pelicans. He qualified by being named to the All-NBA first team in , enabling the Pelicans to offer him a five-year extension worth up to $230 million, effective with the 2019–20 season. The first player to sign a supermax contract was Stephen Curry, who agreed to a new five-year DVPE deal with the Warriors, worth $201 million, that runs through the 2021–22 season. Curry", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569348", "text": "signing, but under the luxury tax apron, set at $6 million above the tax line. Teams can use this exception to offer contracts of up to four years. Teams above the apron have an MLE initially set at $5.192 million, allowing contracts of up to three years. Teams with cap room, which were ineligible for the MLE before the 2011 CBA, have an MLE initially set at $4.328 million that allows two-year contracts. In subsequent seasons, all MLE amounts will be determined by applying the percentage change of the salary cap to the previous exception amount. Before the 2011 CBA,", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569375", "text": "for the veteran player extensions introduced in the 2017 CBA. Had these criteria been part of the 2011 CBA, Rose would still have qualified for a 30% contract, as he was in his third NBA season when he was named MVP. The following players have signed 5 year/30% contracts: In addition the following players are known to have signed 5 year/25% contracts: Kevin Love was eligible for a designated player contract, but the Minnesota Timberwolves opted for a 4-year contract (with a player option year included, potentially allowing him to become an unrestricted free agent) instead. During Kevin Durant's final", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "14590109", "text": "Bob Pettit. On July 7, the NBA announced that the salary cap for the 2010–11 season would be $58.044 million, an increase of $0.344 million from previous season's $57.70 million, and would go into effect on July 8 as the league's \"moratorium period\" had ended and teams could begin signing free agents and making trades. The increase came as a surprise as the league initially predicted a decrease in the salary cap. On March, before the playoffs, the league projected that the salary cap would be around $56.1 million. The tax level for the season was set at $70.307 million,", "title": "2010–11 NBA season" }, { "id": "6569391", "text": "exception or their Mid-Level exception to re-sign the player. If the raise in the third season is greater than 4.5% of the first year, the offering team must be able to fit the average of the entire contract under their cap. Through the 2016–17 season, the accounting was different for the player's original team, where the player's salary for a given year—not the contract's average—was counted against the cap. In some cases, the offering team could exploit a loophole to create what is referred to as a \"poison pill\" for the player's original team, potentially forcing the original team to", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569396", "text": "rights), each free agent carries a specified salary cap charge for his last team, most often called a \"cap hold\". Normally, the cap hold can be no more than a player's maximum salary, or less than his minimum salary, based on years of service. The only exception is for free agents who made the minimum salary in the previous season; if the league reimbursed the team for a portion of his salary in the last season of his contract, the reimbursement is not counted in the cap hold. Apart from these restrictions, the cap hold varies based on the status", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569373", "text": "rookie contract who are considered to be of a higher \"caliber\" than their peers, without restricting them to the lower (25%) salary level. A player may sign a \"5th Year, 30% Max\" contract before the final year of his rookie contract and before fulfilling the criteria needed to receive the 30% salary grade. Should the player fail to fulfill the criteria before the start of his Designated Player contract, he will receive the standard five-year, 25% Designated Player contract. James Harden of the Houston Rockets and Anthony Davis of the New Orleans Pelicans had such a clause in their contract", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569379", "text": "agent as well as a player with time left on his contract. Additionally, once a player signs a DVPE, he cannot be traded for one year. Ironically, while the rule was intended to encourage star players to stay with their current teams, the first major move by an NBA team involving a player eligible for the DVPE was the Sacramento Kings' trade of DeMarcus Cousins to the New Orleans Pelicans during the 2017 All-Star break. Cousins' contract with the Kings was not set to expire until 2018, but he was eligible to sign a DVPE after the 2016–17 season for", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569400", "text": "do not automatically disappear with a player's retirement—for example, in July 2012, the Los Angeles Lakers still held Bird rights to John Salley, who had not played since . In the , two teams used sign-and-trades on players who had been out of the league. The Dallas Mavericks signed Keith Van Horn out of retirement as part of a package to acquire Jason Kidd, and the Lakers did the same with Aaron McKie to facilitate their deal for Pau Gasol. The 2011 CBA put further restrictions on sign-and-trades, with these restrictions maintained in the 2017 CBA. Since the 2013–14 season,", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "2292811", "text": "entitled to 5-year contracts with 7.5% raises; all other players (including sign-and-trade acquisitions) are limited to 4-year deals with 4.5% raises. Maximum salaries remain at 25, 30, or 35% of the cap, depending on years of service. These provisions remained intact in the 2017 CBA. Under the current CBA, a player coming off his rookie scale contract, who would normally be eligible to receive a salary of 25% of the cap, is eligible to receive 30% if he has been named MVP in any of the previous three seasons; named the Defensive Player of the Year in the immediately preceding", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "6569397", "text": "of the free agent and his salary in the previous season: The 2017 CBA will increase some cap holds from those found in the 2011 CBA as follows: When a team is willing to sign an upcoming free agent, but the player's current team wants something in return, it might be in the best interest of both clubs to execute a sign-and-trade deal. This occurs when one team signs one of its free agents and immediately trades that player to another team. A sign-and-trade is beneficial to both the player and the teams; the player receives a bigger contract than", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569355", "text": "bonus is paid if the player is waived by his NBA team, signs with the G League, is assigned to that NBA team's G League affiliate, and remains with the affiliate at least 60 days. The bonus is not counted against the salary cap, but is counted in overall league salaries. Each NBA team is limited to six active contracts that contain Exhibit 10 at any given time. Perhaps the most well-known of the NBA's salary cap exceptions is the Larry Bird exception, so named because the Boston Celtics were the first team permitted to exceed the salary cap to", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569350", "text": "The bi-annual exception can currently be used by teams below the apron to sign a free agent to a contract starting at $3.29 million. Like the mid-level exception, the bi-annual exception can also be split among more than one player, and can be used to sign players for up to two years; raises were originally limited to 8% per year, but in the 2017 CBA are limited to 5%. This exception was referred to as the \"$1 million exception\" in the 1999 CBA, although it was valued at $1 million for only the first year of the agreement. An example", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569367", "text": "First-round draft choices are assigned salaries according to their draft position. The first overall pick receives more than the second pick, the second more than the third, and so on. Each contract is for two years, with a team option for the third and fourth seasons (CBAs before 2011 provided for three-year contracts with an option for the fourth season), with built-in raises every year to compensate for increases in the average salary. A team may elect to exceed rookie scale for a drafted player that was unsigned for which they retained his draft rights three seasons after the draft.", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569393", "text": "CBA, the original team could only use an exception to re-sign a player who had been drafted in the first round. The 2005 CBA allowed teams to use exceptions on non-first-round picks, with the extension named the \"Gilbert Arenas Rule\". In 2003, Gilbert Arenas, who had been a second-round pick in 2001, signed a six-year, $60 million contract with the Washington Wizards after his original team, the Golden State Warriors, were unable to match the offer since they were over the salary cap. Players on a team's season-ending roster remain under contract with their respective team until the start of", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569409", "text": "one season remaining at $12 million, the team can waive him and stretch his salary across three seasons at $4 million per season.\" The NBA Amnesty Clause provided franchises a means of escaping a contractual obligation to a player whose performance falls far short of the extremely large salary they initially agreed to pay him. Under the 2005 CBA, one player could be waived prior to the start of the 2005–06 season and not count toward the luxury tax. Unlike the 2011 CBA, the player still counted under the salary cap. The 2005 amnesty provision was derisively named the \"Allan", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569408", "text": "could alter the schedule of payments to waived players by mutual agreement. The remaining guaranteed salary was equally spread across the remaining years of the player's contract. The 2011 CBA dramatically changed this regime. While contracts signed under the 2005 CBA remained under the original scheme, different rules apply to contracts signed since the 2011 CBA went into effect. Today, when a team waives a player, it can spread the remaining guaranteed salary (and its accompanying cap hit) over twice the remaining length of the contract, plus one year. According to Coon, \"if a team has an underperforming player with", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569384", "text": "after three seasons and continues drawing his salary for the additional season, then he effectively will be paid $38.7 million for three years' work. In essence, they are giving the player a three-year contract with additional deferred compensation. To address this issue, CBAs since at least the 1990s have included what is now called the \"over-38 rule\", under which certain contracts that extend past the player's 38th birthday are presumed to cover seasons following the player's expected retirement. The age threshold that triggered this rule was originally set at 35, changed to 36 in the 1999 CBA, and changed again", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569341", "text": "the salary cap. The NBA and MLS version of the \"soft\" cap does, however, offer less leeway to teams than that of the MLB. MLB does allow teams to spend as much as they want on salary, but it penalizes them a percentage of the amount by which they exceed the soft cap. The percentage increases as the number of consecutive years a team exceeds the cap grows, resetting only when a team falls under the cap. While the soft cap allows teams to exceed the salary cap indefinitely by re-signing their own players using the \"Larry Bird\" family of", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "11689244", "text": "to the 2011 NBA lockout. A new CBA was ratified in December 2011, ending the lockout. Little changed in terms of the salary cap between the 1999 and 2005 versions of the CBA. In exchange for agreeing to the controversial player age minimum, the players received a slightly higher percentage of the League's revenues over the course of the new agreement. Additionally, the League's maximum salary decreased slightly in comparison to the 1999 CBA. Under the 2011 CBA, the players will receive a lower percentage of league revenues. In 2005, players received 57% of the income, and as of the", "title": "NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement" }, { "id": "2292810", "text": "signed with new teams. For players of greater experience, the salary limit was higher – but the 10.5% limit on annual increases remained the same. The 2011 CBA resulted in several major changes to the salary cap scheme. Most of these changes were retained in the 2017 CBA. The cap remains a soft cap; the Bird exception remains in place, but teams have less financial room to retain a player with Bird rights than under pre-2011 agreements. The 2011 CBA also reduced the maximum length of a contract by a year, and reduced allowable annual raises. Bird free agents are", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "6569395", "text": "a verbal agreement to sign with the Dallas Mavericks, but changed his mind at the end of the moratorium and re-signed with the Los Angeles Clippers. A year later, the moratorium period was shortened from 10 to 5 days in what was unofficially called the \"DeAndre Jordan Rule\". The change was intended to discourage parties from backing out of their agreements. The end of a free agent's contract does not remove him from a team's cap calculations. During the free agency period (from July 1 until the player signs with a team, or the free agent's former team renounces its", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569343", "text": "salary cap, and $62.3 million above the tax line, which Knicks owner James Dolan paid to the league. Tax revenues are normally redistributed evenly among non-tax-paying teams, so there is often a several-million-dollar incentive to owners not to pay the luxury tax. The luxury tax level for the 2008–09 season was $71.15 million. For the 2009–10 season, the luxury tax level was set at $69.92 million. The luxury tax level for the 2010–11 and 2012–13 NBA seasons was $70,307,000. The 2011 CBA instituted major changes to the luxury tax regime. The previous CBA had a dollar-for-dollar tax provision system, which", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "2292866", "text": "cap by $110,000 and failed to declare third-party payments during the 2005–06 season in which they were premiers. In 2014-15, Perth Glory were fined $269,000, deducted nine points and ruled ineligible to compete in the finals series after it was found that they had exceeded the salary cap by $400,000 during the season. The National Basketball League has a salary cap of A$1.1 million for each of its eight teams as of the 2016–17 season. In addition, from 2003–04 from 2015–16, the NBL used a \"points cap\" to encourage spread of talent: players were assigned points on a 1–10 basis", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "6569405", "text": "to the waiver wire, where he can stay for 48 hours (during the regular season). While he is on waivers, other teams may claim him, for his existing salary. If he is not claimed, he is said to have \"cleared waivers\", and is treated like any free agent, able to sign with any team (with the special restriction noted above for players who were traded and then waived). Players waived after March 1 are not eligible to be on a team's playoff roster. The deadline was March 23 during the lockout-shortened 2011–12 season. Released/waived players with guaranteed contracts continue to", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569394", "text": "free agency on July 1. During a period in the beginning of July, teams may begin negotiating with free agents, but trades cannot be made and most free agents cannot be signed. The salary cap for the upcoming year is not set until the league's audit is completed by the end of the period. Contracts that are allowed during this period are limited to: During the moratorium, teams are restricted from commenting on deals. Teams and players can reach verbal agreements, but they are not binding. Contracts can be signed once the moratorium ends. In 2015, DeAndre Jordan had reached", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569387", "text": "contract. Similarly, executive committee members LeBron James and Carmelo Anthony, who could opt out of their current contracts after the same season, had the potential for similar gains with this change. Many NBA contracts are structured with options for either the player or the team. An option simply gives the party that controls the option the right to extend the contract for one more season at a salary no less than the prior year's amount. There are two types of free agency under the NBA's Collective Bargaining Agreement: Unrestricted and Restricted. An unrestricted free agent is free to sign with", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569404", "text": "salary should be based on basketball value, not trade value). A BYC player's trade value as outgoing salary is 50% of his new salary, or his previous salary, whichever is greater. BYC applies only to players who re-sign with their previous team and receive a raise greater than 20%. It also applies only when (and as long as) the team is over the salary cap. Since the 2011 CBA, players subject to BYC cannot be traded before January 15 except in a sign-and-trade, and BYC is only applied to outgoing salary in sign-and-trade deals. NBA teams can release a player", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569337", "text": "to reduced privileges in free agency. If the team goes above the tax line - typically about 10 million dollars higher than the salary cap - they will be subject to the luxury tax (for every dollars a team goes over they are subject to a variable amount of tax per dollar). Hard salary caps forbids teams from going above that salary cap no matter what the circumstance. The majority of leagues (NFL, NHL, MLS) have hard caps while the NBA has a soft salary cap. The NBA had a salary cap in the mid-1940s, but it was abolished after", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569363", "text": "for losing free agents, as they can do a sign and trade of that free agent to acquire a trade exception that can be used later. Note this exception is for single player trades only, though additional cash and draft picks can be part of the trade. Allows a team that is over the cap to acquire a replacement for a disabled player who will be out for either the remainder of that season (for in-season injuries/deaths) or the next season (if the disability occurs during the offseason). The maximum salary of the replacement player is either 50% of the", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569344", "text": "remained in effect through the 2012–13 season. Teams exceeding the tax level were punished by being forced to pay one dollar to the league for each dollar by which their payroll exceeded the tax level. Starting in 2013–14, the tax changed to an incremental system. Under the current system, tax is assessed at different levels based on the amount that a team is over the luxury tax threshold. The scheme is not cumulative—each level of tax applies only to amounts over that level's threshold. For example, a team that is $8 million over the tax threshold will pay $1.50 for", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569361", "text": "two years in length. In the case of two-year contracts, the second-season salary is the minimum salary for that season. The contract may not contain a signing bonus. This exception also allows minimum-salary players to be acquired via trade. There is no limit to the number of players that can be signed or acquired using this exception. If a team trades away a player with a higher salary than the player they acquire in return (the deal hereafter referred to as \"Trade #1\"), they receive a Traded Player Exception, also known as a \"Trade Exception.\" Teams with a trade exception", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569360", "text": "the New Jersey Nets. \"Non-qualifying free agents\" (those who do not qualify under either the Larry Bird exception or the early Bird exception) are subject to the non-Bird exception. Under this exception, teams can re-sign a player to a contract beginning at either 120% of his salary for the previous season, or 120% of the league's minimum salary, whichever amount is higher. Contracts signed under the Non-Bird exception can last up to four years (down from six under the 2005 CBA). Teams can sign players for the NBA's minimum salary even if they are over the cap, for up to", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "13115360", "text": "injury, the Rockets could not guard Lamarcus Aldridge, who scored 34 points and grabbed 12 rebounds. On June 28, 2017, 8 time All-NBA player and 9 time All-Star Chris Paul was acquired in a trade from the Los Angeles Clippers, in exchange for Sam Dekker, Patrick Beverley, Lou Williams, DeAndre Liggins, Darrun Hilliard, Kyle Wiltjer, Montrezl Harrell, cash considerations, and a top three protected 2018 first round draft pick. It was reported on 5 September, 2017 that Houston restaurant billionaire Tilman Fertitta had reached an agreement with Rockets owner Leslie Alexander to purchase the team, pending league approval The $2.2", "title": "History of the Houston Rockets" }, { "id": "6569410", "text": "Houston Rule\", but his team, the New York Knicks, actually didn't use the measure on Houston—they instead applied it to Jerome Williams due to Allan Houston later retiring under medical circumstances the same season. Ironically enough, Jerome Williams would retire as well from the NBA just two days after being under the amnesty clause for the Knicks that season. Under the 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA), each franchise is allowed to waive one player prior to the start of any season between the 2011–12 and 2015–16 seasons. The remaining salary still contractually owed will \"not\" be included in the salary", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "2292823", "text": "as of 2017 (35.5% of all World Series for a 23.9% success rate). In the past 30 years, 18 different teams have won the World Series. In comparison, only 14 different teams won the NFL Super Bowl, 13 won the NHL Stanley Cup and 10 won the NBA championship in that same time frame. Other pundits, such as Michael Lewis, the author of the bestseller \"Moneyball\", have argued that using World Series championships as an example of parity may be misleading, and playoff appearances may be a better indicator of relative team strength. The playoff system used in baseball comprises", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "20174148", "text": "exchange for Ante Žižić, Jae Crowder, All-Star point guard Isaiah Thomas, the Brooklyn Nets' unprotected first round pick in the 2018 NBA draft, and a 2020 second round pick, originally from the Miami Heat. The Celtics played the first game of the regular season on October 17, 2017, against the Cleveland Cavaliers. The team retired the number 34 in honor of former small forward Paul Pierce on February 11, 2018, during a game against the Cavaliers, which ultimately didn't involve a conflict with both Isaiah Thomas and Jae Crowder returning that night, as they were traded to the Los Angeles", "title": "2017–18 Boston Celtics season" }, { "id": "2292870", "text": "country that is a member of either FIBA Asia or FIBA Oceania. The 2018–19 season will see another significant change to the cap scheme with the introduction of the NBL's \"Next Stars\" initiative, targeted mainly at young American players seeking an alternative to U.S. college basketball, plus Australians and New Zealanders considering U.S. college basketball. The league will identify young prospects preparing to graduate from secondary school and offer them NBL contracts at a first-year salary of A$100,000, plus housing and transport allowances. Players who sign \"Next Stars\" contracts will then be allocated among the league's teams, with each team", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "6569364", "text": "injured player's salary, or the mid-level exception for a non-taxpaying team, whichever is less. This exception requires an NBA-designated doctor to verify the extent of the injury. Under the 2005 CBA, a team could sign a player under this exception for five years; since the 2011 CBA, it has been allowed only for one year. Note that while teams can often use one exception to sign multiple players, they cannot use a combination of exceptions to sign a single player. A player banned from the league for a drug-related offense who is reinstated may be re-signed by his prior team", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "15397574", "text": "outstanding year 1 through 3 salary in the event of a trade. The Hawks declined to match the offer, and Hardaway signed with the Knicks on July 8. Hardaway began the season in the starting lineup. On October 29, 2017, he scored a game-high 34 points in a 114–95 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers. On November 8, 2017, with Kristaps Porziņģis sidelined, Hardaway posted his first NBA career double-double with a game-high 26 points and 11 rebounds against the Orlando Magic. He posted his second double-double against the Cavaliers five days later with a game-high 28 points and 10 rebounds,", "title": "Tim Hardaway Jr." }, { "id": "6569403", "text": "appearing in a game for the Wizards, and re-signed with Cleveland after the 30-day waiting period passed. Since the 2011 CBA, a player acquired in a trade and waived by his new team cannot re-sign with his original team until one year after the trade or July 1 after the expiration of his contract, whichever is sooner. Certain players in the first few months of a new contract are subject to base year compensation (BYC). The intent of BYC is to prevent teams from re-signing players to salaries specifically targeted to match other salaries in a trade (in other words,", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "7715469", "text": "City\". In 2017, he was traded to the Houston Rockets, and helped the team win a franchise-record 65 games in his debut season. Off the court, Paul has served as the National Basketball Players Association president since August 2013. One of the highest-paid athletes in the world, he holds endorsement deals with companies such as Nike and State Farm. Paul was born on May 6, 1985, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina to Charles Edward Paul and Robin Jones. He has an older brother named Charles \"C.J.\" Paul. A former athlete himself, Charles Sr. taught his sons basketball and football and coached", "title": "Chris Paul" }, { "id": "11747083", "text": "as the only players to claim three consecutive playoff triple-doubles. With a loss to the Rockets in Game 5, the Thunder bowed out of the playoffs with a 4–1 series defeat. Westbrook had 47 points in Game 5 and came up just one assist shy of his fourth straight triple-double. On June 26, 2017, he was named the recipient of the NBA Most Valuable Player Award at the first-ever NBA Awards Show. On September 29, 2017, Westbrook signed a five-year, $205 million contract extension with the Thunder. The deal starts with the 2018–19 season and delivers Westbrook the biggest guaranteed", "title": "Russell Westbrook" }, { "id": "2292828", "text": "cap regulation for the 2007 season and the cap was initially set at $4.05 million. The cap will be $5.2 million for the 2018 season or an average salary of $113,043 per active roster player. However, most clubs spend between $7,000,000 to $8,000,000 per season on salaries due to injury exemptions allowed under the cap. For instance, the Edmonton Eskimos spent $8.8 million on salaries in 2017 season and $7.9 million in 2016, while still cap compliant. Penalties for teams found to have breached the salary cap or salary floor regulations are: The following breaches of the salary cap have", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "20133316", "text": "NBA trade deadline – the Cavaliers radically changed their roster in a little more than an hour, acquiring George Hill, Rodney Hood, Jordan Clarkson, and Larry Nance Jr. in exchange for Thomas, Rose, Crowder, Wade, Channing Frye, Iman Shumpert, and their own 2018 first-round pick. Multiple writers argued at the time that the trades made the Cavaliers significantly better. The Cavaliers finished the 2017–18 regular season with a 50–32 record, securing the 4th seed in the Eastern Conference. In the playoffs, the Cavaliers defeated the Indiana Pacers in seven games in the first round, swept the Toronto Raptors in the", "title": "2018 NBA Finals" }, { "id": "6569346", "text": "of the total tax revenue can go exclusively to teams that did not go over the cap. Initial reports did not specify the use of the remaining 50% under the 2011 CBA, but it was later confirmed that this amount would be used to fund revenue sharing for the season during which tax was paid. For the 2013–14 season, the luxury tax threshold was set at $71.748 million. The Brooklyn Nets, whose payroll for that season was projected to be over $100 million, would face a luxury tax bill above $80 million, resulting in a total payroll cost of $186", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "3388922", "text": "and the creation of a partnership with Positive Coaching Alliance for the training of coaches and administrators from the Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities program. As of 2017, Major League Baseball is the only major professional sports league in North America that does not have a salary cap; the MLS, NHL, NBA and NFL all implement some sort of salary cap. The MLBPA was initially opposed to random steroid testing, claiming it to be a violation of the privacy of players. After enormous negative publicity surrounding the alleged or actual involvement of several star players in the BALCO steroid scandal,", "title": "Major League Baseball Players Association" }, { "id": "18553723", "text": "on January 26, 2017. The West reserves include Russell Westbrook of the Oklahoma City Thunder, Klay Thompson and Draymond Green of the Golden State Warriors, DeMarcus Cousins of the Sacramento Kings, Marc Gasol of the Memphis Grizzlies, DeAndre Jordan of the Los Angeles Clippers, and Gordon Hayward of the Utah Jazz. Jordan and Hayward were selected as all-stars for the first time in their respective careers. The East reserves include Kyle Lowry of the Toronto Raptors, Isaiah Thomas of the Boston Celtics, John Wall of the Washington Wizards, Paul George of the Indiana Pacers, Kevin Love of the Cleveland Cavaliers,", "title": "2017 NBA All-Star Game" }, { "id": "20133317", "text": "Eastern Conference semifinals, and defeated the Boston Celtics in seven games in the Eastern Conference Finals. This was the Golden State Warriors' fourth consecutive trip to the NBA Finals. During the 2017–18 offseason, the Warriors resigned their core players, including Stephen Curry to a five-year contract worth $201 million, and Kevin Durant to a two-year, $53 million contract. Golden State also resigned Andre Iguodala, Shaun Livingston, Zaza Pachulia, and David West. A major free agent acquired during the offseason was guard Nick Young. The Warriors finished the 2017–18 regular season with a 58–24 record, winning the Pacific Division and securing", "title": "2018 NBA Finals" }, { "id": "3402413", "text": "25% goes to the Industry Growth Fund, and the remaining 25% is used to defray teams' funding obligations from player benefits. The NBA utilizes a soft salary cap, meaning there is a salary cap but there are a variety of exceptions that allow teams to exceed that cap. For example, teams can re-sign players already on the team to an amount up to the maximum salary allowed by the league for up to five years regardless of where their payroll is relative to the cap. This provision is known as the \"Larry Bird\" exception, named after the former Boston Celtics", "title": "Luxury tax (sports)" }, { "id": "19406378", "text": "2017 NBA draft The 2017 NBA draft was held on June 22, 2017, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs on May 16, 2017. The 53–29 Boston Celtics, who were also the #1 seed in the Eastern Conference and reached the Eastern Conference Finals at the time of the NBA draft lottery, won the #1 pick with pick swapping rights thanks to a previous trade with the Brooklyn Nets, who had the", "title": "2017 NBA draft" }, { "id": "13265866", "text": "salary cap for the 2009–10 season would be $57.70 million and would go into effect on July 8 as the league's \"moratorium period\" had ended and teams could begin signing free agents and making trades. The tax level for the season was set at $69.92 million, with each team paying a $1 tax for each $1 by which it exceeds $69.92 million. The mid-level exception was $5.854 million for the season and the minimum team salary, which was set at 75% of the salary cap, was $43.275 million. For the 2008–09 season, the salary cap was set at $58.68 million", "title": "2009–10 NBA season" }, { "id": "2292818", "text": "originally a 10-year deal but allowed either side to opt out in 2017. The \"amnesty\" provision was eliminated in the 2017 CBA, which was agreed to by the owners and players shortly before the opt-out date. The salary floor, previously 75% of the cap, increased to 85% in 2011–12 and 2012–13, and 90% in future years. Instead of a salary cap, Major League Baseball implements a luxury tax (also called a competitive balance tax), an arrangement in which teams whose total payroll exceeds a certain figure (determined annually) are taxed on the excess amount in order to discourage large market", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "680252", "text": "Draft Lottery is conducted for the four teams that did not qualify for the playoffs. Previously, in 2008, a new six-year collective bargaining agreement was agreed upon between the players and the league. The salary cap for an entire team in 2010 was $827,000 (although it was later lowered to $775,000). By 2013 (the sixth year under this agreement), the cap for an entire team was $900,000. In 2010, the \"minimum\" salary for a player with three-plus years of experience was $51,000 while the \"maximum\" salary for a six-plus year player was $101,500 (the first time in league history that", "title": "Women's National Basketball Association" }, { "id": "6569402", "text": "ballast\"—extra players added to a deal solely for salary matching, who would typically be waived by their new teams. Under that CBA, such players were restricted from rejoining their original teams for 30 days during the season or 20 days in the offseason. This led to what Coon called \"wink-wink deals where players are traded with the full expectation of returning later.\" A notable example of such a deal occurred in the 2009–10 season, in which the Cleveland Cavaliers included Zydrunas Ilgauskas in their trade with the Washington Wizards for Antawn Jamison. Ilgauskas was waived a week later without ever", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "20718982", "text": "Drew, who would become permanent coach on November 5. The Cavaliers entered the 2018 NBA draft with the rights to the eighth overall pick, which originally belonged to the Brooklyn Nets. Cleveland acquired the pick from the Boston Celtics in the Kyrie Irving trade during the summer of 2017. The Cavaliers used the pick to acquire point guard Collin Sexton, a freshman out of the University of Alabama. On July 1, 2018, LeBron James confirmed that he would be leaving the Cavaliers and signing a four-year, $154 million contract with the Los Angeles Lakers. This marked the second time in", "title": "2018–19 Cleveland Cavaliers season" }, { "id": "11689245", "text": "new CBA, they are receiving about 49–50% of revenue. At that time, the next CBA discussion was set for ten years. or if necessary, in 2017. In 2016, the NBA and NBA Players Association met to work on a new CBA, which both sides approved in December of that year. This most recent agreement will start with the 2017–18 season and run through 2023–24, with a mutual opt-out after 2022–23. A team may have a maximum of 15 players on its active roster, and at least eight active players must suit up for every game. Any remaining players are placed", "title": "NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement" }, { "id": "15727457", "text": "year (22 out of 30 teams were losing money last season) and proposed to reduce 40% of players' salary (about $800 million) and institute a hard salary cap (at $45 million per team) as opposed to a soft cap (at $58 million) currently in use. The union disputed those figures and steadfastly opposed those changes. Hunter said that he was advising players to prepare for a lockout. In May 2011, the NBPA filed a complaint with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), accusing the league of negotiating in bad faith by failing to provide critical financial data to the union", "title": "2011 NBA lockout" }, { "id": "6569399", "text": "other team's financial situation to leverage the signee into a more favorable deal for themselves. Also, the contract signed before the trade must be for at least 3 years, with the first year guaranteed. Because of the contract length requirement, the signing team cannot use an exception that cannot be used to offer a contract of 3 or more years. Since the 2011 CBA, the signed player must have been on the roster of his previous team at the end of the last regular season. Previous agreements allowed teams to sign-and-trade any player to whom they held Bird rights, which", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "6569359", "text": "this exception, a team can re-sign its own free agent for either 175% of his salary the previous season, or the NBA's average salary, whichever is greater. Early Bird contracts must be for at least two seasons, but can last no longer than four seasons. If a team agrees to a trade that would make a player lose his Early Bird Rights, he has the power to veto the trade. A much-publicized example for this was Devean George, who vetoed his inclusion into a larger trade during the 2007–08 season that would have sent him from the Dallas Mavericks to", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "18504607", "text": "loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers. On June 22, 2017, Russell was traded, along with Timofey Mozgov, to the Brooklyn Nets in exchange for Brook Lopez and the rights to Kyle Kuzma, the 27th pick in the 2017 NBA draft. In his debut for the Nets in their season opener on October 18, 2017, Russell had 30 points and five assists in a 140–131 loss to the Indiana Pacers. On October 31, he scored a season-high 33 points in a 122–114 loss to the Phoenix Suns. On November 17, he underwent arthroscopic surgery on his left knee and was subsequently ruled", "title": "D'Angelo Russell" }, { "id": "6569345", "text": "each of its first $5 million over the tax threshold, and $1.75 per dollar for the remaining $3 million. Starting in 2014–15, \"repeat offenders\", subject to additional penalties, are defined as teams that paid tax in previous seasons. In the first season, repeat offenders from in all previous three seasons will pay a stiffer tax rate; from 2015–16 thereafter, teams paying taxes in three out of four years will be subject to the higher repeater rate. As in the previous CBA, the tax revenue is divided among teams with lower payrolls. However, under the new scheme, no more than 50%", "title": "NBA salary cap" }, { "id": "11477202", "text": "organize the union in 1954 alongside friend and unofficial agent Joe Sharry. In 1983, players and owners reach a historic agreement, that introduced the \"salary cap\" era into professional sports. This was believed to be the first salary cap in any major professional sports league in the United States. The NBA experienced its first work stoppage, when owners imposed a lockout, that lasted from July 1 through September 12, when players and owners reached an agreement. Because the lockout took place during the off-season, no games were lost. The second NBA lockout, which ran into the 1998–99 season, lasted almost", "title": "National Basketball Players Association" }, { "id": "7715489", "text": "second time he failed to make an All-NBA team since 2008 and the first time in his six years as a Clipper. In the playoffs, Los Angeles was eliminated after their first round series against the Utah Jazz, with Paul averaging 25.3 points, 9.9 assists, 5 rebounds per game over seven games. On June 28, 2017, Paul was traded to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Patrick Beverley, Sam Dekker, Montrezl Harrell, Darrun Hilliard, DeAndre Liggins, Lou Williams, Kyle Wiltjer, a future first round pick, and cash considerations. In his debut for the Rockets in their season opener on October", "title": "Chris Paul" } ]

[ "Papa's Goods" ]

[ { "id": "12183531", "text": "Felipe Reyes, the once strong Mexican patriarch and EZ’s father. On January 5, 2018, FX picked up the series with an order of 10 episodes, in which it premiered on September 4, 2018. \"Sons of Anarchy\" premiered in Australia on the Showcase in 2009 while in New Zealand it appeared on TV3 on October 20, 2010 and it has been announced it is moving to the Box. The show premiered in the UK on 5 USA in 2009, before being dropped after the sixth season. The show will air in its entirety on Spike from April 2015. In the Republic", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "12183488", "text": "\"Sons of Anarchy\" premiered on September 3, 2008, on cable network FX. The series's third season attracted an average of 4.9 million weekly viewers, making it FX's highest rated series and surpassing its other hits \"The Shield\", \"Nip/Tuck\" and \"Rescue Me\". Season four and five premieres were the two highest-rated telecasts in FX's history. On December 9, 2014, the series ended, as creator Kurt Sutter felt seven seasons was enough, and that he wanted \"Sons of Anarchy\" to end in a blaze of glory. The sixth season aired from September 10, 2013, through December 10, 2013. The seventh and final", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "20996908", "text": "NS (Sons of Anarchy) \"NS\" is the thirteenth and final episode of the third season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was directed by Kurt Sutter, the original series creator and written by Dave Erickson. It originally aired in the United States on November 30, 2010. This episode marks the last appearance of Ally Walker (Agent June Stahl), Paula Malcomson (Maureen Ashby) and Titus Welliver as (James 'Jimmy' O'Phelan) Salazar takes Tara to Jacob Hale's office, where he takes Hale hostage as well. When he gives his list of demands, one of them is for Jax to", "title": "NS (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "20991888", "text": "Na Trioblóidí \"Na Trioblóidí (Irish for The Troubles), is the thirteenth and final episode of the second season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was written by Jack LoGiudice, and directed by Stephen Kay. It originally aired in the United States on December 1, 2009. This episode marks the final appearance of Johnny Lewis (Half-Sack Epps), Adam Arkin (Ethan Zobelle), Henry Rollins (A.J. Weston), and Sarah Jones (Polly Zobelle). Kurt Sutter, series writer and creator, said that Half-Sack was killed off because Lewis wanted to leave the show due to creative differences; \"We decided we'd find some", "title": "Na Trioblóidí" }, { "id": "15271234", "text": "may be a weasel, but he's not a stupid weasel.\" The Sleep of Babies \"The Sleep of Babies\" is the twelfth and penultimate episode of the first season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was written by Kurt Sutter, directed by Terrence O'Hara and originally aired on November 19, 2008 in the United States. This episode marks the final appearance of Sprague Grayden (Donna Winston). Abel is finally healthy enough to return home. Wendy walks in on a tender moment between Jax and Tara and realizes that Gemma is using her to get to Tara. Wendy confronts", "title": "The Sleep of Babies" }, { "id": "15271228", "text": "The Sleep of Babies \"The Sleep of Babies\" is the twelfth and penultimate episode of the first season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was written by Kurt Sutter, directed by Terrence O'Hara and originally aired on November 19, 2008 in the United States. This episode marks the final appearance of Sprague Grayden (Donna Winston). Abel is finally healthy enough to return home. Wendy walks in on a tender moment between Jax and Tara and realizes that Gemma is using her to get to Tara. Wendy confronts Gemma, then notifies Tara that she intends to mend her", "title": "The Sleep of Babies" }, { "id": "12183532", "text": "of Ireland, the show aired on RTÉ Two from 2009. It premiered in Canada on Super Channel October 20, 2008. In India, season 6 is airing from September 26, 2013, only on Star World Premiere. In 2018, Universo announced the season 3 premiere of Sons of Anarchy in Spanish on October 29, 2018. The show has been available on Netflix since 2011 but all seasons were removed from Netflix on December 1, 2018. Sons of Anarchy Sons of Anarchy is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter that aired from 2008 to 2014. It followed the lives", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "16983977", "text": "The Revelator (Sons of Anarchy) \"The Revelator\" is the thirteenth and final episode of the first season of FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". The episode was directed and written by series creator Kurt Sutter. The episode originally aired on November 26, 2008 in the united states, and garnered 2.4 million viewers. Jax consoles Opie, who blames his choice to return to SAMCRO for Donna's death. Jax visits Tara at the hospital to check in on her and she breaks down, guilty over Kohn's murder and unsure about her future with Jax. She tells Jax of her plans to leave", "title": "The Revelator (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "16983984", "text": "Clay and Gemma's cunning behind them.\" The Revelator (Sons of Anarchy) \"The Revelator\" is the thirteenth and final episode of the first season of FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". The episode was directed and written by series creator Kurt Sutter. The episode originally aired on November 26, 2008 in the united states, and garnered 2.4 million viewers. Jax consoles Opie, who blames his choice to return to SAMCRO for Donna's death. Jax visits Tara at the hospital to check in on her and she breaks down, guilty over Kohn's murder and unsure about her future with Jax. She tells", "title": "The Revelator (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "20996916", "text": "now Tara, the outsider who finally found her way to belonging, has reason to be suspicious. Makes you wonder what else is in those letters. And it makes you wonder what Jax'll do if he reads them.\" NS (Sons of Anarchy) \"NS\" is the thirteenth and final episode of the third season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was directed by Kurt Sutter, the original series creator and written by Dave Erickson. It originally aired in the United States on November 30, 2010. This episode marks the last appearance of Ally Walker (Agent June Stahl), Paula Malcomson", "title": "NS (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "16283075", "text": "Sons of Anarchy (season 6) The sixth and penultimate season of the American television drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\" premiered on September 10, 2013 and concluded on December 10, 2013 after 13 episodes aired, on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the president of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself. The season finale was the second-most watched episode of the season and the most-watched finale in the", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 6)" }, { "id": "17779036", "text": "received a score of 68% based on reviews from 6 critics. At Rotten Tomatoes, it received a score of 83% based on 12 reviews, 10 positive, 2 negative. Sons of Anarchy (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American television drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\" premiered on September 9, 2014, and concluded on December 9, 2014 after 13 episodes aired. Created by Kurt Sutter about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the President of the club,", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 7)" }, { "id": "14493353", "text": "The Pull \"The Pull\" is the eighth episode of the first season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". Written by Kurt Sutter and Jack LoGiudice, directed by Guy Ferland, it originally aired on October 22, 2008 in the United States. The title of the episode refers to the gathering of money the episode is centered on, and also refers to Jax and Tara acting upon their attraction to each other. The season three episode titled \"\" is also named after a significant event in Jax and Tara's relationship. This episode marks the final appearance of Jay Karnes (Josh", "title": "The Pull" }, { "id": "7192479", "text": "Barclay was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Direction in a Comedy Series, his second Emmy nomination for \"Glee\". In the same season, Barclay directed an episode of \"The New Normal\" and the penultimate episode of the ABC series \"Last Resort\". In 2014, Barclay directed the season premiere and penultimate episodes of \"Sons of Anarchy\" for the fourth year running. In addition to his \"Sons of Anarchy\" duties, Barclay also directed the milestone episode \"100\" for \"Glee\", for which he received another Emmy nomination, in addition to episodes of \"The Good Wife\", \"Extant\", executive produced by Steven Spielberg and starring", "title": "Paris Barclay" }, { "id": "10144581", "text": "was announced that Michele would guest star in the final season of FX's drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\", playing the role of Gertie, a truck stop waitress who connects with Gemma Teller Morrow (Katey Sagal). Michele's episode, \"Smoke 'em If You Got 'em\", aired on October 14, 2014. From 2015 to 2016, Michele starred in the Fox horror-comedy series \"Scream Queens\", alongside original scream queen Jamie Lee Curtis, portraying the quirky, neck brace-wearing Hester Ulrich. She was nominated for the People's Choice Award for Favorite Actress in a New TV Series, and two Teen Choice Awards for Choice TV Actress:", "title": "Lea Michele" }, { "id": "17779034", "text": "Main sets located there include the clubhouse, St. Thomas Hospital and Jax's house. The production rooms at the studio used by the writing staff also double as the Charming police station. External scenes are often filmed nearby in Sun Valley and Tujunga. \"Sons of Anarchy\" was renewed for a seventh and final season that began airing in September 2014. Ron Perlman and Maggie Siff did not return. Drea de Matteo, David LaBrava and Niko Nicotera have all been promoted to the regular cast. Robert Patrick, Emilio Rivera, and Billy Brown will be returning in their recurring guest roles, as will", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 7)" }, { "id": "17779031", "text": "Sons of Anarchy (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American television drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\" premiered on September 9, 2014, and concluded on December 9, 2014 after 13 episodes aired. Created by Kurt Sutter about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the President of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself after his wife is murdered. \"Sons of Anarchy\" is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 7)" }, { "id": "12183528", "text": "John Teller's manuscript, titled \"The Life and Death of SAMCRO\". \"Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect\" was an episodic adventure video game developed by Silverback Games and published by Orpheus Interactive. The game was originally slated to have ten episodes and to be released on Microsoft Windows, OS X, iOS, and Android. The first episode was released on February 1, 2015 for iOS only, and was met with mixed reviews. but has not seen an update since, and, although a season pass is being offered, no further episode was ever released. On April 7, 2016, refunds were issued to everyone who", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "12183523", "text": "generally favorable reviews and scored a 74 out of 100 on Metacritic. Season seven received generally favorable reviews and scored a 68 out of 100 on Metacritic. The seventh season's premiere on September 9, 2014 received the highest ratings in the series' history. The episode was watched by 6.20 million viewers. \"Sons of Anarchy\" was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Drama at the 2010 TCA Awards. Katey Sagal received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series (Drama) at the 68th Golden Globe Awards for her role in the third season. She also received a nomination for a", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "20993298", "text": "SO (Sons of Anarchy) \"SO\" is the third season premiere of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was written by Kurt Sutter, the original series creator and directed by Stephen Kay. It originally aired in the United States on September 7, 2010. This episode marks the last appearance of Taylor Sheridan (Deputy Chief David Hale), and the first for Paula Malcomson (Maureen Ashby) and James Cosmo (Fr. Kellan Ashby). In an interview, series creator and executive producer, Kurt Sutter, explained that the decision to kill Hale in the season premiere was motivated by Sheridan's desire to move on", "title": "SO (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "12183489", "text": "season of the series premiered on September 9, 2014. The series finale premiered on December 9, 2014. This series explored vigilantism, government corruption and racism, and depicted an outlaw motorcycle club as an analogy for human transformation. David Labrava, a real-life member of the Oakland chapter of Hells Angels, served as a technical adviser, and also played one of the main characters, Happy Lowman, the club's assassin. On November 2013, Sutter indicated that he was in talks with FX to make a \"Sons of Anarchy\" prequel set in the 1960s. In February 2015, he said he would not work on", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "10317040", "text": "Sweet Warrior The track \"Dad's Gonna Kill Me\" was given an advance release via Thompson's own web site and iTunes. The song was singled out for praise by critics and featured prominently in Thompson's live performances in early 2007. This song's lyrics make extensive use of U.S. military slang (the \"Dad\" of the title is GI slang for \"Baghdad\"), and convey the thoughts and feelings of an uneasy U.S. soldier fighting in Iraq. It was subsequently used on the closing montage of the first episode of the third season of \"Sons of Anarchy\". This advance release also enjoyed airplay on", "title": "Sweet Warrior" }, { "id": "2534705", "text": "also removed from the schedule. On September 3, 2008, FX debuted \"Sons of Anarchy,\" a drama series created by Kurt Sutter (who previously served as executive producer of \"The Shield\") about a fictional outlaw motorcycle club devoted to protecting their sheltered California town from corporate developers and drug dealers; its September premiere coincided with that of \"The Shield\"s final season. \"Sons of Anarchy\" became a critical and commercial success, having aired for seven seasons . In 2010, the series attracted an average of 4.9 million viewers per week, making it \"FX\"s highest rated series to date. Other new shows that", "title": "FX (TV channel)" }, { "id": "11623530", "text": "of the 5th and final season of \"Friday Night Lights\". The song \"People, Turn Around\", was also used in the final scene of the Season 2 \"Sons of Anarchy\" episode \"Potlatch\". Their song \"Salt in the Wound\" from their 2008 album \"History from Below\" appeared in the \"Grey's Anatomy\" episode \"With You I'm Born Again\". The song \"9/11\" was used in the final scene of the Season 2 \"My Life As Liz\" episode 5. The song \"People C'mon\" was used in \"The Big C\" episode \"Blue Eyed Iris\" and in UFC Primetime: Velasquez vs. Dos Santos. The song \"Running\" is", "title": "Delta Spirit" }, { "id": "14493361", "text": "Tara and Jax then embrace and make love while Kohn's iPod plays the Andy Williams song \"Can't Get Used to Losing You\" again and again. Meanwhile, back at the clubhouse, Tig and Opie prepare the club for war by gathering weapons. Josh Kohn's death was voted #14 on E! Online's \"21 Most Important Sons of Anarchy deaths\". While the scene where Jax and Tara have sex near his dead body was voted #15 on Rolling Stone's \"20 Best ‘Sons of Anarchy’ Moments\". The Pull \"The Pull\" is the eighth episode of the first season of the FX television series \"Sons", "title": "The Pull" }, { "id": "20991895", "text": "mind with fear for his son, and Gemma's uniting influence, Daddy's memoirs may be making a come back very soon. After all, the lost baby comes, in a way, from the club's Irish connections, connections based on gun-running that I don't think Dad would've approved of in his day.\" Na Trioblóidí \"Na Trioblóidí (Irish for The Troubles), is the thirteenth and final episode of the second season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was written by Jack LoGiudice, and directed by Stephen Kay. It originally aired in the United States on December 1, 2009. This episode marks", "title": "Na Trioblóidí" }, { "id": "12183496", "text": "deal. Jax, Clay, Bobby, Tig, Juice and Happy are hauled away to jail. While Opie, Chibbs, and the Prospects are all en route following Stahl. Opie kills Stahl to avenge the death of his wife, Donna. The imprisoned SAMCRO members leave the penitentiary after their 14-month stay and are met by Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt of the San Joaquin Sheriff's Department, the new law enforcement presence in Charming. They also discover Hale has become the mayor. US Attorney Lincoln Potter seeks Lieutenant Roosevelt's help to build a RICO case against SAMCRO. In retaliation for the death of Veronica Pope (Laroy's girlfriend,", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "12183512", "text": "by it.\" Ron Perlman believed they were \"going to stick to the structure of \"Hamlet\" all the way to the end (of the series).\" Numerous episode titles refer to \"Hamlet\" including: In the Season 1 premiere, Gemma is shown cleaning Jax's house, and he notes that she is always cleaning. This behavior, combined with her ambitions and (sometimes murderous) machinations, have prompted some reviewers and commentators to liken her to Lady Macbeth. The series was created by Kurt Sutter. Sutter was also the showrunner, the series' most prolific writer, and a regular director; he directed each season finale. Sutter had", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "12183499", "text": "recent loss and turns himself into the authorities. While in jail, Jax makes decisions that radically alter the direction of the club and uses it to exact revenge. Another member's death fuels the hate and lies created by Gemma and Juice, who are on the run and hiding from the club. After Jax learns the truth, he works to make things right with all parties involved. The series ends with Jax making the ultimate sacrifice to complete his part of the story of SAMCRO and fulfill his father's vision. \"Sons of Anarchy\" was the story of the Teller-Morrow family of", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "6344334", "text": "\"Community\", which premiered in winter 2009, and continued to host \"The Soup\". McHale made an appearance on the first episode of the fifth season of \"Tosh.0\". He played Rex in \"Ted\" (2012) and had a short guest stint on the FX show \"Sons of Anarchy\". He played an NYPD officer in the supernatural horror film \"Deliver Us from Evil\". McHale appeared in 3 episodes between the tenth and eleventh seasons of \"The X-Files\" in 2016 and 2018, respectively. McHale played the lead role in the CBS sitcom \"The Great Indoors\", which began airing in the Fall of 2016. In 2018,", "title": "Joel McHale" }, { "id": "12183526", "text": "a third six-song EP, entitled \"Sons of Anarchy: The King is Gone - EP\", was released on November 23, 2010. In November 2011, selected highlights from the EPs and new tracks were released in \"Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4\", followed up by \"\" released in November 2012, \"\" released in December 2013, and \"\" released in February 2015. In 2013, Boom! Studios began publishing a \"Sons of Anarchy\" comic book. As of September 2015, 25 issues have been published. Issue 25 is the final issue. A new comic book prequel, \"Sons of Anarchy: Redwood Original\",", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "16283064", "text": "every other season each had 13 episodes. The season premiere episode (\"Out\") by series executive producer and principal director Paris Barclay and written by series creator and executive producer Kurt Sutter was one of the highest-rated telecasts in FX's history. \"Sons of Anarchy\" is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. After the deaths of Agent Stahl and Jimmy O’Phelan, the", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 4)" }, { "id": "3525315", "text": "go gentle into that good night.\" \"That Evening Sun\" also was screened at the 2009 Nashville Film Festival, where Holbrook was honored with a special Lifetime Achievement Award, and the film itself received another Audience Award. Holbrook appeared as a featured guest star in a 2006 episode of the HBO series \"The Sopranos\" and the \"NCIS\" episode \"Escaped\". On April 22, 2010, Holbrook signed on to portray Katey Sagal's character's father on the FX original series\" Sons of Anarchy\" for a four-episode arc in their third season, as well as appearing in additional fifth episode in the final season. He", "title": "Hal Holbrook" }, { "id": "12183522", "text": "Charlie Hunnam's performance in the finale. \"TIME\" said the fourth season was the strongest since season two, but the show needed to end sooner rather than later. \"TIME\" also agreed that the finale's contrivances were sometimes too visible, stating \"it's the principle: you can only turn up alive at your own funeral so many times before it starts to lose its impact.\" Season five received favorable reviews and has a rating of 72 on the review aggregator site Metacritic. Ken Tucker of \"Entertainment Weekly\" praised the series by calling it a \"richly detailed portrait of self-righteous villainy\". Season six received", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "14478794", "text": "the film \"Baby It's You\", directed by John Sayles, who would also direct Springsteen's video clips for \"Born in the U.S.A.\", \"I'm on Fire\" and \"Glory Days\". The song was used in Season 7 during the opening scene of episode 13 \"Papa's Goods,\" the series finale of \"Sons of Anarchy\". The creator of \"Sons of Anarchy\" Kurt Sutter originally wanted to use the song as a cover in the final episode of Season 3, but there were issues with licensing from Sony and Springsteen did not like the idea of a cover of his song. An agreement was finally reached", "title": "Adam Raised a Cain" }, { "id": "5568029", "text": "out the office window. Returning to his desk, Vic's eyes filled with tears as he stared at the photographs of his children. Suddenly his face contorted into a snarl. Vic removed a .357 Desert Eagle pistol from his drawer, holstered it beneath his shirt and walked off into the night. On the FX original series \"Sons of Anarchy\" in December 2014, a semi truck driver named Milo (played by Chiklis) appears in the penultimate episode of the 7th (final) season. Milo mentions that he has four kids last time he counted, loosely hinting that he is Vic Mackey. On Bravo", "title": "Vic Mackey" }, { "id": "17779035", "text": "CCH Pounder, Peter Weller and Kim Dickens but only for limited appearances. Marilyn Manson will guest star as a drug addict who is a high-ranking member of a neo-Nazi prison sect. Malcolm-Jamal Warner will be joining the cast for a recurring role. \"Glee\" actress Lea Michele will also have a guest role as a truck stop waitress and single mother in the sixth episode of the season. Former \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"/\"Angel\" actress Charisma Carpenter also has a guest role as an administrative director at a medical facility. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Season 7 has received generally favorable reviews. At Metacritic, the season", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 7)" }, { "id": "7955827", "text": "Merle Dandridge Merle Dandridge (born May 31, 1975) is an American actress and singer who performed in a number of stage productions, including Broadway musicals \"Jesus Christ Superstar\", \"Spamalot\", and \"Rent\". She is widely known for her role as Alyx Vance in the \"Half Life 2\" game. Dandridge is also known for her recurring role on television series such as \"Sons of Anarchy\" and \"The Night Shift\". In 2016, she began starring as Grace Greenleaf in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama series, \"Greenleaf\". She was the actor for Papa Ge in the 2017 revival of \"Once on this Island\", until", "title": "Merle Dandridge" }, { "id": "6679100", "text": "Mary Kay Place. She had recurring roles on \"Lost\" and \"Friday Night Lights\". In film, Dickens co-starred in \"House of Sand and Fog\" (2003) with Jennifer Connelly and Ben Kingsley, \"Thank You for Smoking\" (2005), \"Wild Tigers I Have Known\" (2006), \"Red\" (2008) and \"The Blind Side\" (2009). From 2010 to 2013, Dickens was a regular on the HBO ensemble drama series, \"Treme\", as Janette Desautel. From 2013 to 2014, she had a recurring role as Colette Jane in the FX crime drama, \"Sons of Anarchy\". In 2015, she had a recurring role in the Netflix political drama \"House of", "title": "Kim Dickens" }, { "id": "3258581", "text": "powerful Alpha werewolf Talia Hale. In 2014, she starred on \"Sons of Anarchy\" as Mildred Treal in the episode \"Faith and Despondency\". Coppola returned to daytime soap operas for the first time in twenty years when she took a recurring role on CBS's \"The Young and the Restless\" in spring 2016. Coppola recently appeared as Dr. Tammy Brunner in a 2017 episode of \"Designated Survivor\". Born in Huntington, New York, Coppola graduated from Kent School in Kent, Connecticut in 1986 and earned a bachelor's degree from New York University in 1990. Contrary to popular belief, she's not part of the", "title": "Alicia Coppola" }, { "id": "15546617", "text": "Your Mother\", at the end of the 16th episode of the 7th season, in the last scene of the season 4 finale of \"New Girl\", and in the last two scenes of the 14th episode, titled ‘She’, of the TV show \"The Good Doctor\". Their single, \"Down in the Valley\", was played in the season finale of the British television program \"Beaver Falls\", was also featured in \"Sons of Anarchy\" in the 5th season episode 9 \"Andare Pescare\", and was used at the end of episode 5 of the first season of \"Battle Creek\". The band made a cameo appearance", "title": "The Head and the Heart" }, { "id": "20996914", "text": "laugh. Sure they were on their way to prison, but Jax wasn’t a rat and Stahl was out of the picture for good.\" Zach Handler of The AV Club gave \"NS\" an A- rating, stating; \"What worked the best about \"NS\" and what allows me to be optimistic about next season's potential, even while having largely mixed feelings on this season overall, is the ending. The episode doesn't manage to make all the IRA stuff feel organic, and Hal Holbrook doesn't pop back in to remind us about that basically innocent housekeeper that got murdered a while back, but it", "title": "NS (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "6199667", "text": "starred in four episodes of the Nickelodeon television series \"Drake & Josh\" as Scottie, one of Drake's bandmates, and from 2005 to 2006, he played Dennis \"Chili\" Childress on \"The O.C.\". Lewis also had a guest spot in the third episode of \"Smallville\" season 5. He also starred in the film \"Magic Valley\" (2011), which premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival. Lewis was well known for his role as prospect biker Kip \"Half-Sack\" Epps in the first two seasons of the FX original series \"Sons of Anarchy\". Lewis dated American singer Katy Perry from 2005 to 2006. In mid-2009, Lewis", "title": "Johnny Lewis" }, { "id": "6199665", "text": "Johnny Lewis Jonathan Kendrick Lewis (October 29, 1983 – September 26, 2012), also credited as Johnny K. Lewis, was an American film and television actor. Lewis is best known for playing Kip \"Half-Sack\" Epps in the first two seasons of the FX series \"Sons of Anarchy\". He also appeared in supporting roles in the films \"Underclassman\" (2005), \"\" (2007), and \"The Runaways\" (2010). Lewis grew up in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of North Hollywood and Sherman Oaks. He was the middle child of Michael and Divona Lewis. His parents were practicing Scientologists and Johnny was himself a Scientologist for most", "title": "Johnny Lewis" }, { "id": "12183487", "text": "Sons of Anarchy Sons of Anarchy is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter that aired from 2008 to 2014. It followed the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show starred Charlie Hunnam as Jackson \"Jax\" Teller, who is initially the vice president and subsequently the president of the club following his stepfather and president, Clay Morrow, was demoted after a challenge vote was brought up by the club. He soon begins to question the club and himself. Brotherhood, loyalty and redemption were constant themes.", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "13988245", "text": "Kenneth Choi Kenneth Choi (born October 20, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Henry Lin on the television series \"Sons of Anarchy\" (2008–2014), Chester Ming in Martin Scorsese's \"The Wolf of Wall Street\" (2013), and Judge Lance Ito in \"\" (2016). He is also known for his roles as Jim Morita and Principal Morita in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"\" (2011) and \"\" respectively, and Lewis on the FOX comedy series \"The Last Man on Earth\". He is currently starring in Fox first responder drama series 9-1-1, playing LAFD firefighter Howie \"Chimney\" Han. Choi", "title": "Kenneth Choi" }, { "id": "6199676", "text": "of us carry the message by dying.\" Johnny Lewis Jonathan Kendrick Lewis (October 29, 1983 – September 26, 2012), also credited as Johnny K. Lewis, was an American film and television actor. Lewis is best known for playing Kip \"Half-Sack\" Epps in the first two seasons of the FX series \"Sons of Anarchy\". He also appeared in supporting roles in the films \"Underclassman\" (2005), \"\" (2007), and \"The Runaways\" (2010). Lewis grew up in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of North Hollywood and Sherman Oaks. He was the middle child of Michael and Divona Lewis. His parents were practicing Scientologists and", "title": "Johnny Lewis" }, { "id": "2801393", "text": "played the role of Wendy Case in the FX original series \"Sons of Anarchy\". The pilot episode aired September 3, 2008, and De Matteo continued making regular appearances into the series' sixth season. She was promoted to a series regular for the seventh and final season. De Matteo played Angie Bolen, the mother of the Bolen family, on season 6 of the ABC show \"Desperate Housewives\". She officially left \"Desperate Housewives\" at the season 6 finale in 2010, due to personal reasons. De Matteo played the stepmother of Steve Wilde, the main character of the FOX comedy \"Running Wilde\", appearing", "title": "Drea de Matteo" }, { "id": "14356286", "text": "Fun Town \"Fun Town\" is the third episode of the first season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was written by Kurt Sutter, directed by Stephen T. Kay and originally aired on September 17, 2008 in the United States. This episode marks the first appearance for Jay Karnes (Josh Kohn), an ATF agent from Chicago, Illinois. He dated Tara Knowles, but they split and she returned to her home town of Charming, California to escape him. SAMCRO visit Fun Town, the local carnival. Clay and Gemma have sex in a photo booth and the rest of the", "title": "Fun Town" }, { "id": "13415085", "text": "from killing her at gunpoint. He tells Chibs and Happy to leave and threatens the witness into leaving the state. He then beats Tig up because he killed Donna. Jax spends the night in the graveyard, drinking vodka. The next morning, he goes to Donna's funeral, which is attended by Sons of Anarchy from all across the country. He and Tara share a kiss, and the season ends as he stands and looks at his father's and brother's gravestones. In the first episode \"Albification\", Jax and Clay go head to head over Donna's death. The only reason Jax does not", "title": "Jax Teller" }, { "id": "20270441", "text": "After that, he signed with an agent and continued to get minor roles in TV shows like \"Hawthorne\", \"\", and \"NCIS\", as well as films like \"\". In 2011, Garrett started a recurring role as Deputy Sheriff Cane on FX's \"Sons of Anarchy\". He appeared in 17 episodes from 2011 to 2014. In 2016, Garrett landed two key roles; the first one, as Lieutenant TAO Cameron Burke on TNT's \"The Last Ship\", and the second as Secret Service agent Mike Ritter on ABC's \"Designated Survivor\". David Guggenheim, creator and executive producer of the latter, said they \"needed someone who could", "title": "LaMonica Garrett" }, { "id": "16283074", "text": "received favourable reviews and has a rating of 72 on the review aggregator site Metacritic. Ken Tucker of \"Entertainment Weekly\" praised the series by calling it a \"richly detailed portrait of self-righteous villainy\". The fifth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 27, 2013. Sons of Anarchy (season 5) The fifth season of the American television drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\" premiered on September 11, 2012 and concluded on December 4, 2012 after 13 episodes aired, on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 5)" }, { "id": "16983981", "text": "hands Jax a fresh copy of his father's memoirs, declaring that it's \"time for a change.\" Jax visits his father's grave and proclaims his agreement as Gemma and Clay look on, nervously. The song, \"John the Revelator\", performed by Curtis Stigers and the Forest Rangers, plays over the ending scene. IGN gave \"The Revelator\" an 8.6/10.0 rating, stating; \"I can't talk much more about this episode without revealing anything important, so I'll just wrap it up. I made a backhanded comparison between Sons and The Wire last week, and that was unfair. The Wire is a completely different show from", "title": "The Revelator (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "3539175", "text": "ABC television series \"No Ordinary Family\", which premiered on September 28, 2010, as part of the 2010–11 television season and ended in April, 2011. He also co-starred in the CBS Crime drama \"Vegas\". In March 2014, it was announced that Chiklis had been cast in \"\", the fourth season of the FX anthology series. In 2014 Chiklis also played a small part towards the end of the FX series \"Sons of Anarchy\", where he appears first on the episode 'Rose Red', he played a trucker who first encounters Gemma on her way to her father at a truck stop, heavely", "title": "Michael Chiklis" }, { "id": "15314299", "text": "also used as of March 2013 in commercials for History Channel's new series, \"Vikings\". \"Sail\" peaked at no. 17 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, 27 on the Australian charts, 33 on the New Zealand charts and 17 on the UK Singles Chart. \"Sail\" was also used on wingsuit flyer Jeb Corliss's YouTube film 'Grinding the Crack', which as of June 2017 has had over 31 million views. Another of the band's songs, \"Burn It Down\", is featured in the \"Sons of Anarchy\" episode \"To Be, Act 1\", and is also one of the in-game radio songs in \"Saints Row", "title": "Awolnation" }, { "id": "13456462", "text": "in the opening sequence in \"Sons of Anarchy\" episode, \"Turas\", on 2 November 2010. On 7 December 2010, the single \"It's Thunder and It's Lightning\" from the album \"These Four Walls\" was played on season 8, episode 11, \"Darkness on the Edge of Town\" of the CW network's successful television series, \"One Tree Hill\", and on season 1, episode 8 of the Showtime series, \"Shameless\". Their song \"Quiet Little Voices\" is also featured in the 2011 comedy \"Hall Pass\" with Owen Wilson, as well as on a fictional radio station in The Crew (video game). The band recorded four of", "title": "We Were Promised Jetpacks" }, { "id": "4342682", "text": "plays the ruthless ex-cop Charles Barosky, a boss at the Stockton port and has dealings with the SAMCRO motorcycle club. In 2017, Weller began appearing as Dr. Paul Vellek, a scientist, on \"The Last Ship\". Weller has also directed various projects for television, including episodes of \"\", \"Monk\" and three episodes of the aforementioned \"Odyssey 5\". He directed a 1997 adaptation of Elmore Leonard's \"Gold Coast\" starring David Caruso and Marg Helgenberger after previously starring in a version of Leonard's thriller \"Cat Chaser\". He has directed eleven episodes of the series \"Sons of Anarchy\", two in Season 4, titled \"Dorylus\"", "title": "Peter Weller" }, { "id": "16536539", "text": "In December 2013, he released an official video for \"The Lost Boy\" after his album \"I Don't Believe You\" was re-released in the US when he became signed by Collective Sounds. The song \"The Lost Boy\" was featured in an episode of the TV show Sons of Anarchy in 2012, where it was used as the musical backdrop to the funeral procession of Opie Winston. In the following week debuted at No. 36 on the Billboard Rock Charts, selling over 20,000 copies. Holden's single \"I Need An Energy\", which was released on 26 October 2012, is used on the soundtrack", "title": "Greg Holden" }, { "id": "3946244", "text": "\"Life\" from 2008–2009. On May 4, 2009, NBC announced Life would not be returning for a third season. Logue starred in FX series \"Terriers\" which was cancelled due to low ratings, even with great reviews from the press such as the Times. Logue starred as the main character in Theory of a Deadman's music video for the song \"Lowlife,\" off their 2011 release, \"The Truth Is...\". In late 2012, Logue joined the casts of \"Sons of Anarchy\" as renegade ex-U.S. Marshal Lee Toric who is out for revenge for the murder of his sister and \"Vikings\" as King Horik. In", "title": "Donal Logue" }, { "id": "8943899", "text": "movie \"Poisson Violent\", the German movie \"Wir Sind Die Nacht\", and in the UK soap opera \"Hollyoaks\". \"Hollyoaks\" also used the group's version of \"With or Without You\" in December 2011. Other major Scala & Kolacny Brothers appearances in America include The CW TV series \"Nikita\" and one of Steven Kolacny's own songs, \"Our Last Fight\", in season three of the FX drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\". In February 2012, Scala & Kolacny Brothers performed with Francesco Renga at the Sanremo Music Festival. Their single \"Engel\" was featured in the trailer for the horror movie, \"The Possession\", starring Kyra Sedgwick", "title": "Scala & Kolacny Brothers" }, { "id": "17746341", "text": "and lesbian Outfest film festival. In 2014, Love joined the cast of the FX series \"Sons of Anarchy\" for the show's seventh and final season in a recurring role; this marked Love's debut role in a television series. Subsequent television work included appearances on the ABC-TV nighttime soap \"Revenge\" as well as the hit Lee Daniels drama \"Empire\". Love's acting renaissance is set to continue in 2018, with roles in the James Franco-helmed indie feature \"The Long Home\" as well as Justin Kelly's upcoming biopic on J.T. Leroy. Love has also appeared in a multitude of documentary films as both", "title": "Courtney Love filmography" }, { "id": "4031499", "text": "FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\", about a fictional outlaw motorcycle club, allegedly based on the Hells Angels. Show creator Kurt Sutter spent time with Barger and other members of Hells Angels researching for the show, and acted opposite Barger in his scene. Barger returned again on the \"Sons of Anarchy\" as Lenny \"The Pimp\" Janowitz November 29, 2011, in the Season 4 finale, part one. Barger's third guest appearance on \"Sons of Anarchy\" as Lenny \"The Pimp\" Janowitz was during Season 5, Episode 10, which aired on November 13, 2012. Sonny Barger Ralph Hubert \"Sonny\" Barger (born October 8,", "title": "Sonny Barger" }, { "id": "18631179", "text": "became the first plus-size model to appear on the cover of \"Penthouse Forum\" magazine. Shibari appeared in the music video for the song \"Mein Land\" by Rammstein, which premiered on November 11, 2011. She also appeared in the series finale of \"Sons of Anarchy\" in 2014. Kelly Shibari Kelly Shibari (born 9 September 1972) is the stage name of a former Japanese-American pornographic actress and plus-size model. Shibari was born and raised in Japan. She moved to the United States at the age of 15. She has also lived in the Bay Ridge, Brooklyn and Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan neighborhoods of", "title": "Kelly Shibari" }, { "id": "12183530", "text": "based on \"Sons of Anarchy\" was announced in February 2014, confirmed for mobile platforms in August, and the name \"Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect\" revealed in December of that year. The game was set to have never-before seen graphics for mobile devices, but failed to deliver those when the first episode was launched on February 1, 2015. As of May 11, 2016, a spin-off series is in the works titled \"Mayans M.C.\". The pilot will begin shooting in March, directed by Sutter from a script he co-wrote with Elgin James. On February 13, 2017, Edward James Olmos will star as", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "10036150", "text": "Season 2 of the FX show \"Sons of Anarchy\" and in Season 1, Episode 4 of \"Longmire\". The song \"Lucy Rider\" is heard in the series premiere of the BBC One series \"Survivors\" as well as episode 3 of Season 1 of \"Dirty Sexy Money\" and in the TV show Elementery. The band performed \"ATX\" and \"Rise from the Shadows\" on \"Last Call with Carson Daly\". \"ATX\" was also used as the rejoiner bumper during the telecast of the 2009 BCS Championship Game. The band appeared on the \"Cinemax Tour Stories\" program, which featured an interview and live performance. \"Money", "title": "Alberta Cross" }, { "id": "10736532", "text": "\"Exiled\" with Rosenbaum, also now an executive producer. Sutter returned as an executive producer and writer for the seventh and final season in 2008. He wrote the premiere \"Coefficient of Drag\" and co-wrote the episode \"Parricide\" with Gary Lennon. At the close of the season he was the series' second most prolific writer (after Ryan), having written or co-written 18 episodes in total. Also in autumn 2008, Sutter created and executive produced a new series for FX entitled \"Sons of Anarchy\". The show centers on the titular motorcycle club in California. He was the series head writer and showrunner. Along", "title": "Kurt Sutter" }, { "id": "16283068", "text": "in the finale. \"TIME\" said the fourth season was the strongest since season two, but the show needed to end sooner rather than later. \"TIME\" also agreed that the finale's contrivances were sometimes too visible, stating \"it’s the principle: you can only turn up alive at your own funeral so many times before it starts to lose its impact.\" <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The fourth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 28, 2012. Sons of Anarchy (season 4) The fourth season of the American television drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\" premiered on September 6, 2011 and concluded", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 4)" }, { "id": "17362292", "text": "She appeared in the seventh season of \"Sons of Anarchy\" as street prostitute Winsome. In 2015 Lavi was cast in the lead role in the Bravo television series \"Imposters\" (originally titled \"My So Called Wife\"), playing \"a Machiavellian con-artist and master of disguise\"; the series premiered in February 2017. She was cast in the recurring role of Ravit Bivas, a highly-trained Israeli soldier, on the second season of the TNT naval drama \"The Last Ship\" in summer 2015. In 2016 Lavi joined the \"Prison Break\" revival in the role of Sheeba, a Yemeni activist. Inbar Lavi Inbar Lavi (, born", "title": "Inbar Lavi" }, { "id": "12183495", "text": "twists the facts about the murder of Donna, Stahl attempts to make a deal with Jax behind the club's back. Father Kellan Ashby's sister, Maureen, contacts Gemma at Ashby's request and tells her Abel is safe in Belfast. Upon learning of her grandson's abduction, Gemma suffers a cardiac arrhythmia and collapses in the Teller-Morrow lot. After the club returns from Ireland and brings home Abel, agent Stahl double crosses Jax and tells the club about the side deal Jax made with her, unaware that Jax and the club had it planned all along knowing Stahl would back out of the", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "1749197", "text": "a final episode for the show. The episode \"Meanwhile\" currently stands as the show's official series finale. Comedy Central announced in April 2013 that they would be airing the final episode on September 4, 2013. The producers said that they are exploring options for the future of the series as \"[they] have many more stories to tell\", but would gauge fan reaction to the news. Groening and Cohen have previously expressed a desire to produce a theatrical film or another direct-to-video film upon conclusion of the series. In an August 2013 interview with \"Milwaukee Journal Sentinel\", Katey Sagal said regarding", "title": "Futurama" }, { "id": "16983983", "text": "the others now, and it was awesome to see. This whole season, I'd been thinking we were building up to some massive catastrophe in the final moments, but when \"Revelator\" ended, I couldn't stop grinning. Still can't, really. The ground has broken, and break is final: on one side, it's Jax trying to bring his father's dream to Charming, with Tara at his side, and hopefully a few others (Piney, for sure, but other than that…). On the other side, it's Clay, Gemma, and Tig fighting to keep that dream dead, with the weight of the charter and all of", "title": "The Revelator (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "14474528", "text": "Old Bones \"Old Bones\" is the seventh episode of the first season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was written by Dave Erickson, directed by Gwyneth Horder-Payton and originally aired on October 15, 2008 in the United States. Employees for the Water and Power Board working near Highway 44 dig up three skeletons while laying pipes. When SAMCRO hear the news that three sets of bones have been found, an emergency club meeting is arranged at the clubhouse. Clay tells the crew that the bodies were Mayans killed in the SAMCRO-Mayan War of '91, and they need", "title": "Old Bones" }, { "id": "9512722", "text": "as well. \"Electric Worry\" is used as the goal song for National Hockey League team the Vancouver Canucks as well as for the Calgary Roughnecks of the National Lacrosse League. \"Electric Worry\" was also featured in commercials for the TV show \"Memphis Beat\" and the video game \"Left 4 Dead 2\". Various songs including \"Power Player\" and \"You Can't Stop Progress\" have been used in the TV show, Sons of Anarchy. All tracks written by Clutch, except where noted. All tracks written by Clutch, except where noted. Tracks 1–5 were recorded live at the BBC Maida Vale Studios on November", "title": "From Beale Street to Oblivion" }, { "id": "18436680", "text": "not writing it on period speech just because there's no actual recording of what that vernacular sounded like with intonation and everything.\" The series was announced in December 2013. Sutter began writing the scripts once the last episode of \"Sons of Anarchy\" had wrapped up in late 2014. Katey Sagal is \"definitely...involved\" in the series. Paris Barclay, who directed 15 episodes of \"Sons of Anarchy\", directed the pilot and was executive producer. Charles Murray, a writer/co-executive producer of the last two seasons of \"Sons of Anarchy\", was a writer/co-executive producer on the series. Nichole Beattie was another \"Sons of Anarchy\"", "title": "The Bastard Executioner" }, { "id": "12183498", "text": "refuse, but Clay later relents when confronted with being thrown into the prison's general population and assuredly being killed by inmates paid off by Damon Pope's men as a retaliation for Pope's murder. Juice returns to Charming after helping Bobby relocate after stepping down as VP, which angers Chibs, who doesn't believe Juice has been punished enough for talking to cops and later beats him. With the growing romance between Gemma and Nero, the death of Clay Morrow, and death of Tara, the tables get turned and club starts to go in a new darker direction. Jax struggles with his", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "19197652", "text": "PC Principal Final Justice \"PC Principal Final Justice\" (also known as \"PC Principal\") is the tenth and final episode of the nineteenth season and the 267th overall episode of the animated television series \"South Park\", written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker. The episode premiered on Comedy Central on December 9, 2015. It is the third and final part of a three-episode story arc that began with the episode \"Sponsored Content\" and continued in the episode \"Truth and Advertising\", which collectively serve as the season finale. The episode parodies the abundance of online advertising, as well as gun politics", "title": "PC Principal Final Justice" }, { "id": "16731069", "text": "The Final Frontier (Mad About You) \"The Final Frontier\" is the name of the final episode of the United States' television series \"Mad About You\". This special double episode serves as the 21st and 22nd episode of the seventh season. It first aired on NBC on May 24, 1999, to an audience of approximately 19.8 million households, in a 45-minute version. The finale is based as a flash forward about 22 years into the future. For the first time since she was born in the last episode of season five entitled \"The Birth\", the Buchmans' only daughter, Mabel, is seen", "title": "The Final Frontier (Mad About You)" }, { "id": "20297152", "text": "Marya Delver Marya Delver (born August 9, 1974 in Melfort, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian actress. She is most noted for her role as Laurel in the 2001 film \"Last Wedding\", for which she was a Genie Award nominee for Best Supporting Actress at the 22nd Genie Awards, and her recurring role as Officer Eglee in \"Sons of Anarchy\". Her other roles have included the films \"Better Than Chocolate\", \"Here's to Life!\" and \"waydowntown\", as well as a recurring role in \"Leap Years\". In 2003, she starred alongside Fabrizio Filippo and Marcello Cabezas in a production of Kenneth Lonergan's \"This Is", "title": "Marya Delver" }, { "id": "18534828", "text": "strings on the song; Mike Hartnett performed guitar and bass guitar. The song originated as an acoustic guitar riff, which was then looped and used as the backing for lyrics which were written \"in a couple hours\". Due to its \"dark and swampy\" tone, the track was originally known as \"The Swampy Record\". On September 16, 2014, \"Till It's Gone\" was featured on the second episode of the seventh season of American crime drama television series \"Sons of Anarchy\", an inclusion which Yelawolf described as a \"perfect fit\". Speaking about the partnership, Yelawolf has described it as \"a big deal\"", "title": "Till It's Gone" }, { "id": "3863275", "text": "Annabeth Gish Annabeth Gish (born March 13, 1971) is an American actress. She has played roles in films \"Shag\", \"Hiding Out\", \"Mystic Pizza\", \"SLC Punk!\", \"The Last Supper\" and \"Double Jeopardy\". On television, she played Special Agent Monica Reyes on \"The X-Files\", Elizabeth Bartlet Westin on \"The West Wing\", Diane Gould on \"Halt and Catch Fire\", Eileen Caffee on \"Brotherhood\", Charlotte Millwright on \"The Bridge\" and Sheriff Althea Jarry on the final season of \"Sons of Anarchy\". In 2016, she reprised her role as Monica Reyes in the tenth season of \"The X-Files\", and then again in the eleventh season", "title": "Annabeth Gish" }, { "id": "16283070", "text": "(Ron Perlman). The premiere (\"Sovereign\"), directed by series executive producer and principal director Paris Barclay and written by series creator and executive producer Kurt Sutter, was one of the highest-rated telecasts in FX's history. \"Sons of Anarchy\" is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises. In retaliation for the death of Veronica Pope (Laroy's girlfriend, who was also the daughter of", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 5)" }, { "id": "5487633", "text": "have also shown the episode sporadically, including a Veterans Day broadcast on November 11, 2015. In Canada, the cable channel History Television shows the episode in its entirety annually on the Labor Day holiday. In 2011, the TV Guide Network special \"TV's Most Unforgettable Finales\" ranked this finale as the best. Goodbye, Farewell and Amen Goodbye, Farewell and Amen is a television film that served as the 256th and final episode of the American television series \"M*A*S*H\". Closing out the series' 11th season, the 2 hour episode first aired on CBS on February 28, 1983, ending the series' original run.", "title": "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen" }, { "id": "16731072", "text": "first airing, Helen Hunt said that the final episode would be \"unique and memorable\". This episode ran for 45 minutes at its original broadcast. In the later reruns, the episode was split into two parts. The finale drew in 19.8 million viewers at original airing, though the \"New York Daily News\" reported it drew in 28 million viewers. The first figure is the household rating (i.e. percentage of households watching), the second figure is total number of viewers. The Final Frontier (Mad About You) \"The Final Frontier\" is the name of the final episode of the United States' television series", "title": "The Final Frontier (Mad About You)" }, { "id": "1341311", "text": "one of their songs. The television drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\" uses Monster Magnet tracks frequently. Those featured include \"Monolithic\" in series 1 (episode 10), \"Radiation Day\" and \"Slut Machine\" in series 2 (episodes 1 and 4), and \"100 Million Miles\" in season 3 (episode 12), as well as \"Freeze and Pixelate\". Tracks from the 2001 album \"God Says No\" have been used in television series, including the sci-fi series \"Alphas\" (\"Heads Explode\"), and \"The Shield\", which featured the track \"God Says No\" in an early episode. The reality series \"Viva La Bam\" also used several tracks from \"Monolithic Baby!\",", "title": "Monster Magnet" }, { "id": "20996913", "text": "ANARCHY: THE 12 BIGGEST DEATHS\", They said; \"The ending of Season 3 was one of the more gratifying twists the show ever had. Things seemed bleak when Agent Stahl informed the club that Jax had made a deal and ratted them out. But what she didn’t know was that it was all a setup, one that ended with her dead as Opie got his revenge for her setting him up and getting his wife killed. The season ended on an unexpectedly up note as Clay and Jax smiled and the rest of the guys in the prison van shared a", "title": "NS (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "3863282", "text": "series \"The Bridge\", in which she played Charlotte Millwright, a widow who discovers that her recently deceased husband had secrets on both sides of the US-Mexican border. In 2014, she had a guest-starring role on \"Sons of Anarchy\" as Lt. Althea Jarry of the San Joaquin County Sheriff's Department. In summer 2015, it was announced Gish would return as Monica Reyes in the upcoming \"The X Files\" revival. She appeared in episode 6 of season 10. She reprised her role as Agent Reyes for the 11th season of the show for the 2017-2018 TV season. She co-starred with Kate Bosworth,", "title": "Annabeth Gish" }, { "id": "16879224", "text": "and country-folk. \"Darkest Darks, Lightest Lights\" was released in October 2017 to positive reviews, and was Smith's most electrified rock album yet. Musically, the album was a blend of alternative rock, blues, country and folk. The song “The Observatory” was featured in “This Is Us” episode “The 5th Wheel” Jake Smith, from The White Buffalo, sang on the Season 7 finale song, \"Come Join The Murder\", performed by The Forest Rangers and written by \"Sons of Anarchy\" creator, actor and executive producer, Kurt Sutter. Other songs from The White Buffalo which appeared on \"Sons of Anarchy\" include \"Matador\", \"Damned\", \"Wish", "title": "The White Buffalo (musician)" }, { "id": "14474534", "text": "and Jax we got some decent fights, but the bare knuckle con was a little too Honeymooners, and as satisfying as Kohn's beat-down was, it didn't feel like anything had resolved. Given that Sons has already been renewed, I'm wondering how much of Gemma and Clay's machinations will fall apart this season; hopefully we'll get something more than the meaningful glances and veiled comments we've been living off so far.\" Old Bones \"Old Bones\" is the seventh episode of the first season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was written by Dave Erickson, directed by Gwyneth Horder-Payton", "title": "Old Bones" }, { "id": "16108933", "text": "station's returning original series – \"Sons of Anarchy\", \"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\" and \"The League\" – the episode helped make October the most-watched month on FX ever. The episode was seen by 3.2 million viewers total in 59 countries. Ratings increased as the season progressed, with the fourth episode receiving a 1.7 ratings share among adults 18–49, a tenth of a point higher than the pilot episode. The seventh episode had a viewership of 3.06 million, receiving a 1.8 ratings share in the 18–49 demographic; a series high. The season finale was watched by 3.22 million viewers and received", "title": "American Horror Story: Murder House" }, { "id": "14073823", "text": "Sons. In the episode \"The Culling,\" Unser informs Hale that he will be the new acting chief (possibly signifying Unser's retirement in the near future). In the second-season finale, perhaps adopting some of Unser's attitude, Hale appeared unconcerned with what SAMCRO did to A.J. Weston and Ethan Zobelle as long as it was not done in Charming. Ethan Zobelle, cornered in a deli outside of Charming by SAMCRO, called Hale for help. Hale lied and told Zobelle that the sheriffs were on the way, but after hanging up he made no effort to inform the local sheriffs. He was last", "title": "David Hale (Sons of Anarchy)" }, { "id": "12183529", "text": "purchased the game or the season pass, and the game had been removed from the App Store. Despite the apparent cancellation and refunds, the game's publisher has not officially said anything about the development state of the nine unreleased episodes. Silverback Games has distanced themselves from the project, claiming to be \"just a consultant\" and having no knowledge of the state of the game or of Orpheus Interactive. A Sons of Anarchy game was originally planned to be developed by a studio of Rockstar Games for PC and console platforms, but was canceled shortly after in 2012. Another video game", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "16283048", "text": "she takes Nate to his new assisted living home, and he pleads to be taken back to his house. She returns to Charming to reunite with her grandson, unaware he has been kidnapped. The return of A.T.F. agent Stahl twists the facts about the murder of Donna, Stahl attempts to make a deal with Jax behind the club's back. Father Kellan Ashby's sister, Maureen, contacts Gemma at Ashby's request and tells her Abel is safe in Belfast. Upon learning of her grandson's abduction, Gemma suffers a cardiac arrhythmia and collapses in the Teller-Morrow lot. After the club returns from Ireland", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 3)" }, { "id": "3839604", "text": "fourth season. However, this return was short lived, as the fourth season was his last as a regular cast member. He made one guest appearance in the sixth and final season. He stars also in \"\" along with Rhys Coiro, Mia Kirshner, Kiele Sanchez (also a \"Lost\" co-star), Diora Baird and Monique Ganderton. Perrineau appeared in the 2008 music video, \"Yes We Can\". Perrineau voiced the title character from Marvel's Blade anime series on G4 January 2012. He was cast to play the character of Damon Pope the main antagonist of Season 5 of the hit show \"Sons of Anarchy\".", "title": "Harold Perrineau" }, { "id": "16283063", "text": "Sons of Anarchy (season 4) The fourth season of the American television drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\" premiered on September 6, 2011 and concluded on December 6, 2011 after 14 episodes aired, on cable network FX. Created by Kurt Sutter about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson \"Jax\" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the then–vice president of the club, who begins questioning the club and himself. It is the longest season of \"Sons of Anarchy\" and the only season to have 14 episodes as", "title": "Sons of Anarchy (season 4)" }, { "id": "3939142", "text": "Fox fall drama series, \"Reunion\" (2005). Additionally, he played an FBI agent in the film \"War\" (2007) and Seth in the science fiction horror film \"Alien Raiders\" (2008), and he appeared on the Eminem album \"Relapse\" (2009), in the skit \"Mr. Mathers\", and in the pilot of the TV series \"\". He had a recurring role during the final season of the award-winning FX drama \"Sons of Anarchy\", as Moses Cartwright. St. Patrick has a son. Mathew St. Patrick Mathew St. Patrick (Born March 17, 1968) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Keith Charles on the", "title": "Mathew St. Patrick" }, { "id": "3414792", "text": "Kristofferson and Randy Owen (Alabama), for a taping of a PBS songwriters series aired in December 2008. Each of them played five songs; Griffin performed \"Making Pies,\" \"No Bad News,\" \"Up to the Mountain,\" and \"Mary.\" In 2009, her song \"Mary\" was used in episode 10 of season 2 of \"Sons of Anarchy\". In May 2013, her song \"Heavenly Day\" was used in a commercial for Chevy's new Volt line of automobile, entitled \"Volt: Silent Statement\". In May 2015, her song \"Go Wherever You Wanna Go\" was used in episode 22 of season 10 of the television series \"Supernatural\". In", "title": "Patty Griffin" }, { "id": "12183525", "text": "Television Awards, Charlie Hunnam received a nomination for Best Actor in a Drama Series and Walton Goggins received a nomination for Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series for the seventh season. Three EP soundtracks have been released by 20th Century Fox Records, on iTunes, featuring songs from each series. The first five-song EP, entitled \"Sons of Anarchy: North Country – EP\", was released on September 8, 2009 and featured the full version of the Emmy Award nominated theme song \"This Life\". A second five-song EP, entitled \"Sons of Anarchy: Shelter – EP\", was released on November 24, 2009 while", "title": "Sons of Anarchy" }, { "id": "15733718", "text": "with strutting rock attitude and literate, philosophical lyrics that are equal parts Lou Reed and Elliott Smith.\" In their end of the year recap for 2017, Classic Rock Magazine listed the single 'Testament' as one of the year's best picks. Battleme Battleme is the stage name and band of Lions singer Matt Drenik, an American musician. It was started as a creative outlet to other projects Drenik was involved in during 2009. Battleme first appeared in the season 2 finale of Sons of Anarchy on FX Network with the song, \"Burn This Town.\" It was a departure from the guitar", "title": "Battleme" }, { "id": "14356293", "text": "of Anarchy, much to Hale's delight. In a review for the episode, Film School Rejects said \"What we are really seeing with Sons of Anarchy, as I explained yesterday, is the slow build to the big burn.\" The scene where Clay emasculates a rapist was voted #18 in Rolling Stone's \"20 Best ‘Sons of Anarchy’ Moments\". Fun Town \"Fun Town\" is the third episode of the first season of the FX television series \"Sons of Anarchy\". It was written by Kurt Sutter, directed by Stephen T. Kay and originally aired on September 17, 2008 in the United States. This episode", "title": "Fun Town" }, { "id": "7382435", "text": "drama series \"Sons of Anarchy\", appearing in episodes that aired in 2008, 2012 and 2013. In 2012 Wincott played Captain Mancuso in an episode in the third season of the TV series \"Blue Bloods\", and reprised the role in the series fifth season. He also played recurring character Marshal Hilliard in the miniseries \"The Lizzie Borden Chronicles\" (2015) and Detective Lucas in the miniseries \"The Night Of\" (2016). Jeff Wincott Jeffrey Wincott (born May 8, 1956) is a Canadian actor and martial artist best known for his Gemini Award-nominated lead role in the television series \"Night Heat.\" Wincott was also", "title": "Jeff Wincott" } ]

[ "Galway" ]

[ { "id": "20005624", "text": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, the 130th event of its kind and the culmination of the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 3 September 2017. The final was shown live in Ireland on RTÉ Two as part of \"The Sunday Game\" live programme, presented by Michael Lyster from Croke Park, with studio analysis from Liam Sheedy, Henry Shefflin and Ger Loughnane. Match commentary was provided by Marty Morrissey with analysis by Michael Duignan. The game was also shown live on Sky Sports, presented by Rachel", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005635", "text": "20,000 turned put to greet the team. Before that the team stopped on the way at the Fairgreen in Ballinasloe at 3pm where almost 15,000 people turned out. 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, the 130th event of its kind and the culmination of the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 3 September 2017. The final was shown live in Ireland on RTÉ Two as part of \"The Sunday Game\" live programme, presented by Michael Lyster from Croke Park, with studio analysis from Liam Sheedy, Henry", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "19717492", "text": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 130th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 23 April 2017 and ended on 3 September 2017. The draw for the championship was held on 13 October 2016 and was broadcast live on RTÉ2. Tipperary, the 2016 champions, were defeated by Galway in the All-Ireland semi-final. Meath fielded a team in the championship for the first time since 2004. On 3 September 2017 Galway won the championship following a 0-26 to 2-17 defeat", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "19717505", "text": "Hurler of the Year. 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 130th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 23 April 2017 and ended on 3 September 2017. The draw for the championship was held on 13 October 2016 and was broadcast live on RTÉ2. Tipperary, the 2016 champions, were defeated by Galway in the All-Ireland semi-final. Meath fielded a team in the championship for the first time since 2004. On 3 September 2017 Galway won the championship following a", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20005604", "text": "on a 1–17 to 1–16 scoreline to claim their third title in a row, the first time this has happened since 1921–23. The final was played before a capacity attendance of 82,243 people. The match drew a peak audience of 1.3 million, which made it the most watched RTÉ broadcast of 2017, surpassing the hurling final. The two teams had widely varying paths to the final. Whereas Mayo struggled (losing to Galway, needing extra time to beat Derry and Cork and replays to beat Roscommon and Kerry), Dublin breezed to the final, winning their five games by 12, 31, 9,", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "19228610", "text": "July 2017, Galway won their second ever Leinster Senior Hurling title after a 0-29 to 1-17 win against Wexford in the final. On 6 August 2017, Galway qualified for the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final after a one-point victory over Tipperary in the semi-final. On 3 September 2017, Donoghue and his Galway team were crowned All Ireland Champions after defeating Waterford on a 0-26 to 2-17 scoreline in the final. This was Galway's first All Ireland senior hurling title since 1988. In November 2018, Donoghue was ratified for a further two years as Galway manager. Micheál Donoghue Micheál Donoghue", "title": "Micheál Donoghue" }, { "id": "19986651", "text": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final was a hurling match which was played at Croke Park on 17 March 2017 to determine the winners of the 2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the 47th edition of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion clubs of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cuala of Dublin and Ballyea of Clare, with Cuala winning by 2-19 to 1-10. The All-Ireland final between Cuala and Ballyea was a unique occasion as", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005634", "text": "aired at 9:30pm that night on RTÉ Two and was presented by Des Cahill with match analysis from Brendan Cummins, Eddie Brennan, and Anthony Daly. On the man of the match award shortlist were David Burke, Gearóid McInerney and Jamie Barron, with David Burke winning the award which was presented by GAA president Aogan O' Fearghail at the City West hotel in Dublin where the post match Galway function was being held. The Galway teams returned home on the 4 September were the homecoming event was held at Pearse Stadium, with the team arriving around 7:30pm, a crowd of around", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20307321", "text": "Galway senior hurling team season 2017 The 2017 season was Micheál Donoghue's second year as manager of the Galway senior hurling team. On 3 September 2017, Galway beat Waterford in the All-Ireland Final where they won their first title since 1988. During the championship, Galway only scored two goals, both of which came in the first game against Dublin. Squad as per Galway v Tipperary, 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Semi-Final, 6 August 2017 On 2 November, the 2017 \"PwC All-Stars\" winners were announced with Galway picking up seven awards. On 3 November 2017 at the presentation of the All-Star", "title": "Galway senior hurling team season 2017" }, { "id": "20005633", "text": "coming from another Pauric Mahony free in the first minute of the four minutes which were added on. Despite attempts by Waterford to score a goal and level the match, Galway held on to win by three points, 0-26 to 2-17. Galway captain David Burke accepted the Liam MacCarthy Cup from GAA president Aogan O' Fearghail in the Hogan Stand. During his speech Burke paid tribute to the late Tony Keady and Niall Donoghue. The Galway team then did a victory lap around Croke Park with the trophy. Highlights of the final were shown on \"The Sunday Game\" programme which", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005625", "text": "Wyse and Brian Carney. Galway won their fifth All-Ireland title, winning by three points, it was their first title since 1988. The match drew a peak audience of 1.1 million which made it the most watched RTÉ broadcast of 2017 up to then before being overtaken by the football final, it had an average audience of 901,500. The match-up was unusual for several reasons: The match was the 11th championship meeting between Galway and Waterford, the first in 1938 with the most recent in 2011. Galway had never beaten Waterford in the championship. Galway were looking to win their fifth", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "19986654", "text": "outscored Cuala by 1-06 to 0-04, including a 51st minute Deasy goal, to cut the gap to just four points. But Cuala's second goal from Malone in the 54th minute, after being released by Con O'Callaghan, set the seal on a famous win for the south Dubliners. Substitute Colum Sheanon glossed the scoreline with back to back injury-time points. Cuala's All-Ireland victory was their first ever and a first for a Dublin club. They became the 26th club to win the All-Ireland title. 2017 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final was a", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20090510", "text": "2017 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship The 2017 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 87th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. It is the primary inter-county hurling championship for boys under the age of eighteen. The championship began on 5 April 2017 and ended on 3 September 2017. Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Cork in a Munster semi-final replay. On 3 September 2017 Galway won the championship following a 2-17 to 2-15 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their 11th", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20005606", "text": "Ireland final having previously been in charge in 2011 and 2013. Cork's Conor Lane was the standby referee, the other linesman was Padraig O’Sullivan from Kerry and the Sideline official was Niall Cullen. The All-Ireland final was played between Dublin and Mayo, the second consecutive meeting of the teams in the decisive match. The reigning champions, Dublin, had defeated Mayo following a replay, and were looking to claim their third consecutive title. Dublin were favourites to win prior to throw-in. Pre-match discussion in the media revolved around the Mayo curse, a superstition held among GAA fans that Mayo will not", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "20307322", "text": "awards, Joe Canning was named as the All Stars Hurler of the Year with Conor Whelan named the All Stars Young Hurler of the Year. Galway senior hurling team season 2017 The 2017 season was Micheál Donoghue's second year as manager of the Galway senior hurling team. On 3 September 2017, Galway beat Waterford in the All-Ireland Final where they won their first title since 1988. During the championship, Galway only scored two goals, both of which came in the first game against Dublin. Squad as per Galway v Tipperary, 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Semi-Final, 6 August 2017 On", "title": "Galway senior hurling team season 2017" }, { "id": "20005626", "text": "All-Ireland title after winning in 1923, 1980, 1987, and 1988. Waterford were looking for a third title after winning in 1948 and 1959. The Kilkenny team that won the 1992 All-Ireland Final were presented to the crowd before the match to mark 25 years. With a stadium capacity of 82,300, the 32 individual county boards received 60,000 tickets. Schools and third level colleges got 2,500 tickets, while season ticket holders were entitled to 5,500 tickets. 1,000 tickets were given to overseas clubs. The Camogie, Ladies' Football, Handball and Rounders Associations were each allocated about 200 tickets, as were the jubilee", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005627", "text": "teams and mini-7s which play at half-time. Demand for tickets was very high in both counties with Galway and Waterford having receiving around 32,000 tickets between. Stand tickets were priced at €80 with terrace at €40. The 2017 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Final was played between Galway and Cork as a curtain-raiser to the senior final, with Galway winning by 2-17 to 2-15. On 17 August 2017 the officials were chosen for the final by the GAA, with Tipperary's Fergal Horgan being named as the referee in what will be his first senior final. Cork’s Colm Lyons was named as linesman", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20311247", "text": "Limerick with a great score from the left before substitute Oisín O'Reilly clinched victory with a battling score after he was twice hooked in the build up. Limerick's All-Ireland victory was their first since 2015. The win gave them their sixth All-Ireland title over all and cemented their place in fifth position on the all-time roll of honour. 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final The 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played at Semple Stadium, Thurles on 9 September 2017 to determine the winners of the 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, the 55th season", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005613", "text": "12 Dublin players are the only men outside of Kerry to win five senior All-Ireland winners medals in Gaelic Football. Highlights of the final were shown on \"The Sunday Game\" programme which aired at 9:30 pm that night on RTÉ Two and was presented by Des Cahill. James McCarthy, Dean Rock and Chris Barrett were shortlisted for the Man of the Match award. The winner was James McCarthy with GAA president Aogan O' Fearghail presenting the award at the Dublin post match function, held in the Gibson hotel. The Dublin team had a homecoming celebration the day after the final", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "20090511", "text": "All-Ireland title and their first in two championship seasons. First round Second round Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final Quarter-finals Play-offs Semi-finals Final Quarter-final Semi-finals Final 2017 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship The 2017 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 87th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. It is the primary inter-county hurling championship for boys under the age of eighteen. The championship began on 5 April 2017 and ended on 3 September 2017. Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Cork in a Munster semi-final replay. On", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "16377085", "text": "met in the All-Ireland decider and Galway nearly pulled off a victory courtesy of goals from Canning and Burke. A 2-13 to 0-19 draw was the result, a first drawn All-Ireland final in over half a century. On 3 September 2017, Burke came on as a substitute for Galway in the second half and scored two points as they won their first All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 29 years against Waterford. Burke has also lined out with the Connacht team in the inter-provincial series of games. Niall Burke Niall Burke (born 21 May 1991) is an Irish hurler who currently", "title": "Niall Burke" }, { "id": "20005614", "text": "at Smithfield in Dublin which started at 6:30 pm. The night before, players and their management team celebrated their win at The Gibson Hotel. 2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, the 130th event of its kind and the culmination of the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 17 September 2017. The final was the fourth occasion that the two counties met in the final, following matches in 1921, 2013 and 2016. Prior to the game, Dublin were seeking their third consecutive All-Ireland title, while Mayo were", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "19717493", "text": "of Waterford in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title and their first in 29 championship seasons. The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was a double-elimination tournament based on the Leinster and Munster provincial championships and the Christy Ring Cup. Fifteen teams took part. The 2017 championship was the last to feature mostly knock-out Leinster and Munster championships. On 30 September 2017, the Special Congress held at Croke Park voted by 62% to restructure the Leinster and Munster championships as two provincial groups of five teams who compete on a round-robin basis. Leinster Senior Hurling Championship Seven of the", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "19717504", "text": "and will have exclusive rights to some games. \"The Sunday Game\" team of the year was picked on 3 September, which was the night of the final. The panel consisting of Brendan Cummins, Michael Duignan, Tomás Mulcahy, Jackie Tyrrell, Anthony Daly, Eddie Brennan and Cyril Farrell unanimously selected Galway's Gearóid McInerney as the Sunday game player of the year. On 2 November, the 2017 \"PwC All-Stars\" winners were announced. On 3 November 2017 at the presentation of the All-Star awards, Joe Canning was named as the All Stars Hurler of the Year with Conor Whelan named the All Stars Young", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20005602", "text": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, the 130th event of its kind and the culmination of the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 17 September 2017. The final was the fourth occasion that the two counties met in the final, following matches in 1921, 2013 and 2016. Prior to the game, Dublin were seeking their third consecutive All-Ireland title, while Mayo were aiming for their first All-Ireland since 1951. The same two counties played in the ladies' All-Ireland final. This is only the second time that", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005605", "text": "10 and 12 points respectively. The Donegal team that won the 1992 All-Ireland Final were presented to the crowd before the match to mark 25 years. Demand for tickets was extremely high in both counties with Dublin and Mayo receiving around 32,000 tickets between them. Stand tickets were priced at €80 with terrace at €40. The 2017 All-Ireland Minor Football Final was played between Kerry and Derry as a curtain-raiser to the senior final, with Kerry winning by 6–17 to 1–8. On 4 September, Cavan's Joe McQuillan was confirmed as the referee for the final. It was McQuilllan's third All", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "20311244", "text": "2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final The 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played at Semple Stadium, Thurles on 9 September 2017 to determine the winners of the 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, the 55th season of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion teams of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Kilkenny of Leinster and Limerick of Munster, with Limerick winning on a scoreline of 0-17 to 0-11. The All-Ireland final between Kilkenny and Limerick was a unique occasion as", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "19726537", "text": "2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship The 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 54th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964. The championship began on 24 May 2017 and ended on 9 September 2017. Waterford entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Cork in the Munster semi-final. Meath fielded a team in the championship for the first time in several seasons. On 9 September 2017, Limerick won the championship following a 0-17 to 0-11 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "19387265", "text": "the present format, it begins in October with provincial championships held in Leinster and Munster, with the four respective champions and runners-up contesting the subsequent All-Ireland series. No team has ever won the championship on more than one occasion. Galway, Kilkenny and Tipperary clubs have accumulated the highest number of victories, with each county's representatives recording three wins each. The championship has been won by 12 different clubs. The current champions are Whitechurch, who secured the title after defeating Upperchurch-Drombane by 2-16 to 0-11 in the 2017 final. The All-Ireland Junior B Club HurlingChampionship features four teams in the final", "title": "All-Ireland Junior B Club Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "6128325", "text": "of 0-26 to 2-17. Squad as per Waterford v Galway, 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, 3 September 2017 The 2017 senior hurling champions were Ballygunner GAA who defeated De La Salle in the final. Waterford senior football team's greatest achievement is reaching the All-Ireland Final in 1898, losing to Dublin on a scoreline of 2-08 to 0-04. They were represented by :Erins Hope Dungarvan. In recent times, the county has twice won the All-Ireland Junior Football Championship. In 2003, it created a major shock in winning the Munster Under-21 Football Championship, beating Kerry in the final. On 20 May", "title": "Waterford GAA" }, { "id": "10799819", "text": "3-21 to 0-14 win against Tipperary in the final. In 2017, in the All-Ireland semi-final, Canning scored an injury time winning point against Tipperary on 6 August as Galway qualified for the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final. On 3 September 2017, Canning started for Galway and scored nine points as they won their first All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 29 years against Waterford. On 3 November 2017, Canning was named as the 2017 All Stars Hurler of the Year and also picked up his fourth All-Star award. As of 3rd June 2018, Canning is the second highest championship scorer", "title": "Joe Canning" }, { "id": "20005628", "text": "and standby referee with Paud O’Dwyer of Carlow on the other line. The sideline official were Johnny Murphy from Limerick. The umpires were John Ryan, Paul Ryan, Mick Butler, and Sean Bradshaw. During Galway's win in the semi-final, Adrian Tuohy was involved in an incident where the helmet of Tipperary player Bonner Maher was pulled off. It was confirmed a few days later that he would face no sanction arising from the incident and would be free to play in the final. During the semi-final win against Cork, Waterford's Austin Gleeson in a similar incident to Adrian Tuohy's pulled Luke", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "12042815", "text": "2016, Tipperary qualified for the 2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final after a 2-19 to 2-18 victory over Galway in the semi-final at Croke Park. On 4 September 2016, Tipperary won their 27th All-Ireland title after a 2-29 to 2-20 win against Kilkenny in the final. On 22 April 2017, Tipperary lost the 2017 National Hurling League final to Galway on a 3-21 to 0-14 scoreline. Ryan described the defeat as the worst performance of his time in charge. On 26 September 2017, it was confirmed that Ryan would continue as Tipperary manager on a new three-year term. On 2", "title": "Michael Ryan (hurler, born 1970)" }, { "id": "8356549", "text": "Ballyea qualified for the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final after a 1–19 to 2–14 win against St. Thomas in the semi-final at Semple Stadium. Having lead by 13 points in the second half, they overcame a late fightback by St. Thomas's to win by 2 points. In the final on 17 March 2017 against Cuala from Dublin, Ballyea lost by 2–19 to 1–10. In 2018, Ballyea captained by Tony Kelly won their second county senior hurling title after a 1-20 to 1-14 victory against Cratloe. Ballyea GAA Ballyea is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in the parish of", "title": "Ballyea GAA" }, { "id": "20366136", "text": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship The 2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 131st staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. It is the first tier of senior inter-county championship hurling. The championship began on 12 May 2018 and ended on 19 August 2018. The draw for the championship round-robin fixtures was held off camera on 19 October 2017 and announced on the championship draw broadcast on RTÉ2. The Championship was won by Limerick, who were crowned champions after overcoming Galway in the final by a score line of 3–16", "title": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20214515", "text": "2017 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final The 2017 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final was played on 9 July 2017 at Semple Stadium, Thurles. The winner advanced to the semi-finals of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, with the loser entering the All Ireland quarter-finals. Clare and Cork contested the final, It was the first final between the sides since Cork's 1-15 to 0-14 win in 1999. Cork captained by Stephen McDonnell won the game on a 1-25 to 1-20 scoreline to claim their a 53rd Munster title. Ticket prices for the final ranged from €35 to €40 in the stand and", "title": "2017 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005630", "text": "after being suspended for the semi-final, replacing the banned Conor Gleeson. Playing into the Davin end, Joe Canning opened the scoring for Galway after 18 seconds with a point from out on the left which he hit over his left shoulder. Further points from Johnny Coen, Joseph Cooney, and Cathal Mannion gave Galway a four points to no score lead after four minutes. In the fifth minute, Kevin Moran scored Waterford's first score, a goal when he ran in on goal after collecting a pass from Michael Walsh to finish low to the left of the net. Kevin Moran got", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "19785462", "text": "year. GOALKEEPERS Stephen Cluxton (Dublin), David Clarke (Mayo), Niall Morgan (Tyrone) DEFENDERS Jack McCaffrey, Cian O’Sullivan, Michael Fitzsimons, Philip McMahon, John Small, Jonny Cooper (Dublin), Keith Higgins, Lee Keegan, Chris Barrett, Colm Boyle, Brendan Harrison (Mayo), Pádraig Hampsey, Tiernan McCann (Tyrone), Paul Murphy, Tadhg Morley (Kerry), Conor Devanney (Roscommon), Caolan Mooney (Down), Fintan Kelly (Monaghan). MIDFIELDERS James McCarthy, Brian Fenton (Dublin), Tom Parsons (Mayo), Colm Cavanagh (Tyrone), Enda Smith (Roscommon), Kevin Feely (Kildare). FORWARDS Andy Moran, Kevin McLoughlin, Aidan O’Shea, Jason Doherty, Cillian O’Connor (Mayo), Ciarán Kilkenny, Con O’Callaghan, Paul Mannion, Dean Rock (Dublin), Paul Geaney, Kieran Donaghy, James O’Donoghue", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship" }, { "id": "20214519", "text": "seal the victory. 2017 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final The 2017 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final was played on 9 July 2017 at Semple Stadium, Thurles. The winner advanced to the semi-finals of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, with the loser entering the All Ireland quarter-finals. Clare and Cork contested the final, It was the first final between the sides since Cork's 1-15 to 0-14 win in 1999. Cork captained by Stephen McDonnell won the game on a 1-25 to 1-20 scoreline to claim their a 53rd Munster title. Ticket prices for the final ranged from €35 to €40 in", "title": "2017 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20350628", "text": "time. All-Ireland The two semi-finals are usually played on a Saturday in early February. The All-Ireland final is traditionally played in Croke Park on St. Patrick's Day, the 17th of March. All matches are knock-out. If it's a draw at the end of normal time in the semi-finals, two ten minute periods of extra time are played each way. If the final ends in a draw the match is replayed. Initial Schedule County championships April 2017 to November 2017<br> Provincial championships October 2017 to December 2017<br> All-Ireland semi-finals early February 2018<br> All-Ireland final 17 March 2018 Carlow SHC Dublin SHC", "title": "2017–18 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20350625", "text": "2017–18 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship The 2017–18 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 48th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship began on 8 October 2017 and ended on 24 March 2018. Cuala of Dublin were the defending champions. Liam Mellows of Galway and Dicksboro of Kilkenny returned to the championship after long absences. On 24 March 2018, Cuala won the championship following a 2-17 to 1-17 defeat of Na Piarsaigh in a replay of the All-Ireland final. This was their second successive All-Ireland title. Cuala's", "title": "2017–18 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20005603", "text": "the final pairing has been the same in the men's and ladies' championships; the first time was in 1982, when Kerry played Offaly in the men's and ladies' finals. The final was shown live in Ireland on RTÉ Two as part of \"The Sunday Game\" live programme, presented by Michael Lyster from Croke Park, with studio analysis from Joe Brolly, Pat Spillane, and Colm O'Rourke. Match commentary was provided by Ger Canning with analysis by Dessie Dolan. The game was also shown live on Sky Sports, presented by Rachel Wyse and Brian Carney. Dublin won the final by a point", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "19753514", "text": "2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship The 2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 47th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship since it began in the 1970-71 season. It is the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The winners receive the Tommy Moore Cup. The championship began on 2 October 2016 and ended on 17 March 2017. On 17 March 2017, Cuala won the championship following a 2-19 to 1-10 defeat of Ballyea in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title and a first title for a Dublin club. Cuala's David Treacy was", "title": "2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "19785448", "text": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship The 2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 130th edition of the GAA's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament since its establishment in 1887. Thirty-three teams took part – thirty-one of the thirty-two Counties of Ireland (Kilkenny, as in previous years, do not enter), London and New York. Dublin won their third championship in a row, defeating Mayo in the final on 17 September 2017 by 1-17 to 1-16. Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster each organise a provincial championship. All teams who lose a match in their provincial championship (with the exception of New York) enter", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship" }, { "id": "20005629", "text": "Meade’s helmet off his head in the first half. It was confirmed on 15 August that he would also escape punishment from the CCCC for the incident and would be free to play in the final. It was confirmed on 22 August that Waterford's Conor Gleeson would miss the final after being handed a one-match ban after receiving a straight red card in the semi-final win against Cork. Jonathan Glynn was named in the starting line-up for Galway for the first time in two years, replacing Niall Burke in the half-forward line. Tadhg de Búrca returned to the Waterford line-up", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005607", "text": "win the All-Ireland until every member of the victorious 1951 team had died. The curse allegedly arose after a priest punished the team for celebrating rapturously in front of a funeral procession. The game attracted additional international information as association football pundits Jeff Stelling and Chris Kamara made their commentary debut at a GAA game, alongside legendary GAA commentator Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh. Dublin and Mayo both named the same fifteen players that played in the semi-final wins for the final. Prior to the start of the match, Eoghan O'Gara was named to start for Dublin instead of Niall Scully, with", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "19753517", "text": "championships April 2016 to November 2016 Provincial championships October 2016 to December 2016 All-Ireland semi-finals early February 2017 All-Ireland final 17 March 2017 2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship The 2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 47th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship since it began in the 1970-71 season. It is the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The winners receive the Tommy Moore Cup. The championship began on 2 October 2016 and ended on 17 March 2017. On 17 March 2017, Cuala won the championship following a 2-19 to 1-10 defeat of", "title": "2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20853440", "text": "defeats of Limerick and Kilkenny on the way to qualifying for an All-Ireland final appearance on 6 September 2015. A 4-13 to 1-16 defeat of Tipperary secured the title for Lynskey's side. Lynskey's minor side surrendered their All-Ireland title the following year, however, he guided the team back to another All-Ireland title on 3 September 2017 after a two-point defeat of Cork in the final. On 19 August 2018, Lynskey won a third All-Ireland title as manager when Galway defeated Kilkenny by 0-21 to 0-14 in the All-Ireland final. Jeffrey Lynskey Jeffrey Lynskey (born 1977) is an Irish hurling manager", "title": "Jeffrey Lynskey" }, { "id": "13759297", "text": "the final which they went on to win. In 2017, in the All-Ireland semi-final on 6 August, Joe Canning scored an injury time winning point from the right sideline against defending champions Tipperary as Galway won by a point and qualified for the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final. Totals for Galway includes 25 Connacht Senior Hurling Championship's and 2 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship's. Galway–Tipperary hurling rivalry The Galway–Tipperary fixture is a traditional hurling rivalry dating back to 1888. Tipperary have traditionally been one of the strongest teams in the Munster Championship while Galway have won five All-Ireland Senior hurling", "title": "Galway–Tipperary hurling rivalry" }, { "id": "18928938", "text": "to 1-18 defeat by Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. On 23 April 2017, Whelan scored five points from play when Galway defeated Tipperary by 3-21 to 0-14 to win the National Hurling League. Later that season he won his first Leinster Championship medal after Galway's 0-29 to 1-17 defeat of Wexford in the final. On 3 September 2017, Whelan started for Galway at right corner-forward when they won their first All-Ireland in 29 years after a 0-26 to 2-17 defeat of Waterford in the final. He ended the season by winning an All-Star award as well as being named All", "title": "Conor Whelan" }, { "id": "20392492", "text": "Wyse and Brian Carney. Limerick won the final, ending a 45-year wait for a title. The match drew a peak audience of more than a 1 million on RTÉ. The TV audience for the Sunday Game coverage peaked at 1,007,500 by the end of the final. Galway were the defending champions and were looking to win their sixth All-Ireland title after winning in 1923, 1980, 1987, 1988, and 2017. Limerick were appearing in their first final since 2007 and were looking for an eighth title after winning in 1897, 1918, 1921, 1934, 1936, 1940, and 1973. The two counties had", "title": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "15764767", "text": "Burke became captain of the Galway senior hurling team. In November 2016, Burke received his third All-Star award after another outstanding year. On 22 April 2017, Burke captained Galway to win the 2017 National Hurling League after a 3-21 to 0-14 win against Tipperary in the final. On 3 September 2017, he captained Galway to their first All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship win for 29 years. David Burke (Galway hurler) David Burke (born 7 January 1990) is an Irish hurler who plays as a midfielder or half forward for the Galway senior team. Burke joined the team in 2010 and immediately", "title": "David Burke (Galway hurler)" }, { "id": "18988907", "text": "Galway's 1-22 to 1-18 defeat by Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. On 23 April 2017, Flynn scored 2-01 from play when Galway defeated Tipperary by 3-21 to 0-14 to win the National Hurling League. Later that season he won his first Leinster Championship medal after Galway's 0-29 to 1-17 defeat of Wexford in the final. On 3 September 2017, Flynn came on as a substitute when Galway won their first All-Ireland in 29 years after a 0-26 to 2-17 defeat of Waterford in the final. On 8 July 2018, Flynn won a second successive Leinster Championship medal following Galway's 1-28", "title": "Jason Flynn" }, { "id": "19670186", "text": "2017 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship The 2017 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 34th staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1961. The championship began on 12 July 2017 and ended on 23 July 2017. Kilkenny entered the championship as the defending champions. On 23 July 2017, Kilkenny won the championship following a 2-23 to 2-18 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth championship overall and their second title in succession. 2017 championship saw the fewest number of teams participating in recent years. The Munster Intermediate Hurling", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "19751575", "text": "of the four provincial champions in a single match in mid-December. The match is usually played in London and is referred to as a quarter-final. Two semi-finals are usually played on a Saturday in mid-February. The All-Ireland final is traditionally played in Croke Park on St. Patrick's Day, the 17th of March. Initial Schedule County championships April 2016 to November 2016 Provincial championships October 2016 to December 2016 All-Ireland quarter-final mid-December 2016 or January 2017 All-Ireland final 17 March 2017 Sligo SFC Final Leitrim SFC Final Roscommon SFC Final Galway SFC Final Mayo SFC Final Louth SFC Final Carlow SFC", "title": "2016–17 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship" }, { "id": "20392494", "text": "Kilkenny team that won the 1992 All-Ireland Final were honoured in 2017 and as Kilkenny also won the 1993 All-Ireland Final the GAA decided instead to honour the star hurlers of the 1990s. A group of senior GAA correspondents under the chairmanship of GAA President John Horan selected the team. The team was presented to the crowd after the completion of the minor final. With a stadium capacity of 82,300, the 32 individual county boards received 60,000 tickets. Schools and third level colleges got 2,500 tickets, while season ticket holders were entitled to 5,500 tickets. 1,000 tickets were given to", "title": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "3563742", "text": "Ulster to win an All-Ireland title. Two teams have won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship as part of a double with that year's All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, namely Cork (1890 and 1990) and Tipperary (1895 and 1900). The championship has never been won by a team from outside Ireland, though London have played in five finals. Dublin are the reigning champions, having defeated Tyrone in the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final. All-Ireland Senior Football Championship The All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) (), the premier competition in Gaelic football, is an annual series of games played in Ireland and organised", "title": "All-Ireland Senior Football Championship" }, { "id": "20392502", "text": "get into the game but you have to give huge credit to Limerick. They started really well and were dominant for long periods.\" Highlights of the final were shown on \"The Sunday Game\" programme which aired at 9:30pm that night on RTÉ Two and was presented by Des Cahill with match analysis from Brendan Cummins, Eddie Brennan, and Anthony Daly. On the man of the match award shortlist were Kyle Hayes, Declan Hannon and Joe Canning with Kyle Hayes winning the award which was presented by GAA president John Horan at the City West hotel in Dublin where the post", "title": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20579268", "text": "Cuala. Cuala's victory secured their second successive All-Ireland title. 2018 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final The 2018 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Croke Park on 17 March 2018 to determine the winners of the 2017-18 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the 48th season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion clubs of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cuala of Dublin and Na Piarsaigh of Limerick, with the game ending in a 1-22 to 2-19 draw. The", "title": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "19670187", "text": "Championship was not held as only Cork were interested in fielding a team (the Munster IHC was replaced in 2017 by a new Under 25 competition which was won by Limerick). Final Final 2017 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship The 2017 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 34th staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1961. The championship began on 12 July 2017 and ended on 23 July 2017. Kilkenny entered the championship as the defending champions. On 23 July 2017, Kilkenny won the championship following a 2-23 to 2-18 defeat of", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20854390", "text": "included late goals by Conor Whelan and Joe Canning, to win by a single point. It was their first All-Ireland title since 1973. Limerick were described as the \"worthiest All-Ireland champions\" of all time after playing eight games to win the title, including defeats of the traditional big three - Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary - as well as the 2017 All-Ireland champions Galway and runners-up Waterford. Over 80,000 fans lined the streets of Limerick to welcome the team home the day after the final. 2018 Limerick senior hurling team season The 2018 Limerick senior hurling team season was the Limerick", "title": "2018 Limerick senior hurling team season" }, { "id": "20005611", "text": "Then, with a mere minute of the six additional minutes remaining, Diarmuid Connolly was fouled approximately forty-five metres from the Mayo goal, leaving Dublin with a kick to win the game. Dean Rock, the son of Barney Rock, one of the most famous Gaelic footballers from the capital, took the free. Lee Keegan controversially threw a GPS device at Rock as he took the free, yet the Dubliner was undeterred and converted. This left the defending champions one point ahead. Ciarán Kilkenny was then given a black card as Dublin looked to win the Mayo kickout. With Dublin now down", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005632", "text": "match after three minutes. Waterford had a one-point lead in the 43rd minute after another free from Pauric Mahony. Joe Canning leveled the match a minute later from a free. After fifty minutes Galway had a two pint lead on a 0-20 to 2-12 scoreline, and with ten minutes to play the Galway lead was one point. With five minutes to go the lead was four for Galway after a point from Jason Flynn. Joe Canning got Galway's last point in the last minute from another free to make it 0-26 to 2-16 with the final score of the match", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "17626366", "text": "Dublin in the quarter-final of the All-Ireland Championship by 2-21 to 1-19, before losing in the semi-final to Kilkenny on 9 August by 0-18 to 1-21. In September 2015, McGrath was given a three-year extension as Waterford manager. In August 2017, Waterford qualified for the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final after a 4-19 to 0-20 win against Cork. In the final on 3 September, Galway won by 0-26 to 2-17. In November 2017, McGrath confirmed that he would remain in charge for 2018. In June 2018, McGrath announced that he would be stepping down as manager of the Waterford", "title": "Derek McGrath (hurler)" }, { "id": "4491809", "text": "All-Ireland Hurling Final The All-Ireland Hurling Final (\"Cluiche Ceannais Iomána na hÉireann\") is the ultimate match played in the annual All-Ireland Hurling Championships (senior, minor and under-21 levels). The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was listed in second place by CNN in its \"10 sporting events you have to see live\", after the Olympic Games and ahead of both the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Football Championship. The finals have been organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) since 1887. The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, usually held on the first Sunday of September, is one of Ireland's biggest", "title": "All-Ireland Hurling Final" }, { "id": "19717499", "text": "teams eliminated in Leinster before the final (three losing quarter-finalists and two losing semi-finalists), all three teams knocked-out in Munster before the final and the winners of 2017's Christy Ring Cup. The fixtures are decided by draws which are detailed in the sections below. All qualifier matches are knock-out and eventually result in two teams who progress to the two All-Ireland quarter-finals. The GAA congress held in Feb 2017 voted to allow the winners of the 2017 Christy Ring cup to enter the 2017 qualifiers in a new preliminary round. The Christy Ring cup winners play the losers of one", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20005612", "text": "to 13 men, they reclaiming possession as David Clarke kicked the ball over the Cusack stand sideline. Dublin maintained possession for approximately 90 seconds until the final whistle was blown. Stephen Cluxton, the Dublin captain, then lifted the Sam Maguire Cup for the fifth time in seven years. Dublin captain Stephen Cluxton accepted the Sam Maguire Cup from GAA president Aogan O' Fearghail in the Hogan Stand. Cluxton was making a record 91st championship appearances and lifted the cup for a record fourth time. He was one of 12 Dublin players who collected their fifth senior All-Ireland winners medal. The", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final" }, { "id": "19717496", "text": "The qualifiers are knock-out and eventually result in two teams who progress to the two All-Ireland quarter-finals. The beaten finalists in the Leinster and Munster championships play the two winning teams from round two of the qualifiers in the two All-Ireland quarter-finals. In the semi-finals, the Leinster and Munster champions play the winners of the two quarter finals. The final normally takes place on the first Sunday in September. Connacht and Ulster teams can compete in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (tier 1) by gaining promotion through the tiers of hurling – the Christy Ring Cup (tier 2), the Nicky", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20226903", "text": "2017 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship Final The 2017 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship Final, the deciding game of the 2017 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship, was a hurling match which was played on 2 July 2017 at Croke Park, Dublin. It was contested by Wexford and Galway, the first ever Leinster final between the two counties. Galway captained by David Burke won the game on a 0–29 to 1–17 scoreline to secure their second Leinster title, they had a 0–14 to 0–11 lead at half-time. Due to a clash of colours, Galway wore an all white kit with Wexford wearing yellow jerseys", "title": "2017 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "11656621", "text": "May 2015, Moran was captain as Waterford won their first league title since 2007 after a 1-24 to 0-17 win against Cork in the final. On 3 September 2017, Moran was captain and scored an early goal as Waterford lost the 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Final to Galway. Kevin Moran (hurler) Kevin Moran (born 3 March 1987) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a centre back for the Waterford senior team. Moran made his first appearance for the team during the 2006 championship and became a regular member of the starting fifteen over the following few seasons. Since", "title": "Kevin Moran (hurler)" }, { "id": "19726538", "text": "All-Ireland title overall and their first in two championship seasons. Preliminary round Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final Quarter-final Semi-finals Final Semi-finals Final Top scorers overall Top scorers in a single game 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship The 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 54th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964. The championship began on 24 May 2017 and ended on 9 September 2017. Waterford entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Cork in the Munster semi-final. Meath fielded a team in the championship for the", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20392491", "text": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final The 2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, the 131st event of its kind and the culmination of the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 19 August 2018. The final was shown live in Ireland on RTÉ Two as part of \"The Sunday Game\" live programme, presented by Michael Lyster from Croke Park, with studio analysis from Liam Sheedy, Henry Shefflin and Ger Loughnane. Match commentary was provided by Marty Morrissey with analysis by Michael Duignan. The game was also shown live on Sky Sports, presented by Rachel", "title": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "6128324", "text": "defeated Cork after extra time with a cracking goal from Dan Shanahan in a replay in Thurles. The All-Ireland semi-final saw them lose at that stage for the seventh time in thirteen years, beaten by seven points by Tipperary. In May, Waterford in Derek McGrath's second year as manager won their first league title since 2007 after a 1-24 to 0-17 win against Cork in the final. Waterford beat Cork to make the Munster Final, but lost to Tipperary by 5 points, In 2017 Waterford suffered defeat in the All Ireland Senior Hurling Championships against Galway with a final score", "title": "Waterford GAA" }, { "id": "19986652", "text": "it was the first ever championship meeting between the two teams. Both teams were also appearing in their first All-Ireland final. Ballyea struggled in the opening half as their star player, Tony Kelly, found it difficult to adjust to the pace of the game. His difficulties began after seven minutes when he hit the post with a point attempt and he blasted a wide soon after. Cuala positioned wing-back John Sheanon at midfield to mark Kelly and the ploy paid off with Kelly eventually slapping across the body of Seán Treacy in frustration for a 27th minute booking. Ballyea scored", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005694", "text": "selected Úna Ní Mhistéil as the winner of semifinal 3 and advanced to the grand final on 19 November 2017. The second semi final took place on 12 November 2017, in which Niamh Kavanagh was the guest judge. Sinéad Carr and Orla McDermott both advanced to the final duel stage and performed their songs for the second time. After their second performances, the jury members selected Sinéad Carr as the winner of semifinal 4 and advanced to the grand final on 19 November 2017. The grand final took place on 19 November 2017, in which Linda Martin was the guest", "title": "Ireland in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2017" }, { "id": "19867349", "text": "a complete non-show from us.\" The loss was Tipperary's biggest ever defeat in an All-Ireland or National League final and the defeat means that Kilkenny remain the only county to win the League title as reigning All-Ireland champions since Galway in 1989. Two days after the defeat to Galway, Kieran Bergin informed manager Michael Ryan that he was departing the panel due to work commitments, he subsequently joined the Tipperary Senior football panel a week later. The draw for the championship was held on 13 October 2016 and was broadcast live on RTÉ2. Tipperary were drawn to take on Cork", "title": "Tipperary senior hurling team season 2017" }, { "id": "19450064", "text": "2017 National Hurling League The 2017 National Hurling League was the 86th season of the National Hurling League for senior county hurling teams. Clare were the defending champions, winning the title for the first time since 1977–78 after a 1-23 to 2-19 win against Waterford in a replay on 8 May 2016. Eir Sport (formerly Setanta) and TG4 provide live coverage of the league on Saturday nights and Sunday afternoons respectively, with highlights shown on \"GAA 2017\" during the week. RTÉ2 broadcasts highlights programme \"Allianz League Sunday\" on Sunday evenings. In the Division 1 final on 23 April, Galway won", "title": "2017 National Hurling League" }, { "id": "19717498", "text": "semi-final. The championship begins with a qualifier group involving the four weakest teams. The group winners and runners-up join four of the five strongest teams in the three Leinster quarter finals as the competition continues in a knock-out format. Two semi-finals and a final follow. Last year's Leinster champions receive a bye into the semi-finals. They are joined by the winners of the three quarter-finals. Five of the six Munster counties participate. Kerry compete in the qualifier group of the Leinster championship. The competition is entirely knock-out. A total of nine teams enter the qualifiers – five of the seven", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "19528673", "text": "2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final The 2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 129th event of its kind and the culmination of the 2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. It was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 4 September 2016. This was the 18th All-Ireland season that ended with a Kilkenny–Tipperary final. Of the previous 17, Tipperary won 10 and Kilkenny 7. It was also the fifth final between Tipperary and Kilkenny since 2009, with Kilkenny leading the series 3-1. Kilkenny were chasing three in a row with Tipperary looking for a first All-Ireland since 2010. The final", "title": "2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "4491812", "text": "early 2000s, the trophy presentation was made on a podium on the pitch. Individual members of the teams contesting the final each receive one winners' or runners-up medal. All-Ireland Hurling Final The All-Ireland Hurling Final (\"Cluiche Ceannais Iomána na hÉireann\") is the ultimate match played in the annual All-Ireland Hurling Championships (senior, minor and under-21 levels). The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was listed in second place by CNN in its \"10 sporting events you have to see live\", after the Olympic Games and ahead of both the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Football Championship. The finals have been", "title": "All-Ireland Hurling Final" }, { "id": "20005631", "text": "a point in the 11th minute to make the score 0-6 to 1-2. David Burke got his second point in the 21st minute to make it 0-10 to 1-4. In the 22nd minute, a high ball in from Kieran Bennett went all the way into the net after a mistake by Galway goalkeeper Colm Callanan when he tried to catch the ball after it bounced, this made the score 0-10 to 2-4. Galway had a one-point lead at half-time on a 0-14 to 2-7 scoreline. In the second-half Pauric Mahony got the first point from a free to level the", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20579264", "text": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final The 2018 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Croke Park on 17 March 2018 to determine the winners of the 2017-18 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the 48th season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion clubs of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cuala of Dublin and Na Piarsaigh of Limerick, with the game ending in a 1-22 to 2-19 draw. The replay took place on 24 March 2018, with Cuala", "title": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20005692", "text": "McDonnell and Judy Langan both advanced to the final duel stage and performed their songs for the second time. After their second performances, the jury members selected Muireann McDonnell as the winner of semifinal 1 and advanced to the grand final on 19 November 2017. Judy Langan who lost the final duel received one of the two wildcards and advanced the final on 19 November 2017. The second semi final took place on 29 October 2017, in which Jedward were the guest judges. Gwanaelle Noval and Aoife Goodson both advanced to the final duel stage and performed their songs for", "title": "Ireland in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2017" }, { "id": "20311245", "text": "it was the first ever championship meeting between the two teams. Kilkenny were appearing in their first final in five years, while Limerick were lining out in their second final in three seasons. Limerick failed to settle early on and Shane Walsh wasted little time in pointing Kilkenny into an early lead. Limerick found the pace of the game and a string of points from Aaron Gillane, Barry Nash, Ronan Lynch and Peter Casey gave the Munster champions a 0-7 to 0-1 lead after 16 minutes. The teams went point for point for a spell, however, Gillane and Ronan Lynch", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "16769936", "text": "continue to be based in New York but will return for Galway matches when required. On 22 April 2017, he came on as a substitute as Galway won the 2017 National Hurling League after a 3-21 to 0-14 win against Tipperary in the final. On 3 September 2017, Glynn started for Galway as they won their first All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 29 years against Waterford. Jonathan Glynn Jonathan Glynn (born 7 June 1993) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a forward for the Galway senior team. Glynn made his first appearance for the senior team during the", "title": "Jonathan Glynn" }, { "id": "19867367", "text": "changes to the panel in 2017.\" Before the match Tipperary were priced by Paddy Power at 2/1 to retain the All-Ireland title with Galway slight favorites at 15/8. Tickets for the match were priced at €45 for the stands and €30 for the hill 16 terrace. The team to play Galway was announced on 4 August with two changes made, Goalkeeper Darren Gleeson returned ahead of Darragh Mooney with Michael Cahill also coming into the team instead of Tomás Hamill, James Barry was also named at full-back. The starting team contains 14 of the team that won the 2016 All", "title": "Tipperary senior hurling team season 2017" }, { "id": "19785461", "text": "games including two All-Ireland football quarter-finals. BBC Northern Ireland broadcast all games from the Ulster Championship which are shown live on RTÉ, with full deferred coverage later in the evening of those games not shown live. \"The Sunday Game\" team of the year was picked on 17 September, the night of the final. Dublin's James McCarthy was named as the Sunday Game player of the year. Nominations were revealed on 21 September 2017. The football All Stars were revealed on 3 November 2017. Andy Moran was announced as player of the year and Con O'Callaghan as young player of the", "title": "2017 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship" }, { "id": "20854389", "text": "2017 season due to a cruciate injury, and David Reidy, who rejoined the Limerick panel after a year with the Kildare senior hurling team. Other additions included several players from Limerick's 2017 All-Ireland Under-21 Championship-winning team, such as Séamus Flanagan. On 19 August 2018, Limerick won the All-Ireland title for the 8th time in their history after a 3-16 to 2-18 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. Leading by nine points at one stage in the second half and by eight with just two minutes of normal time remaining, Limerick withstood a sensational Galway comeback, which", "title": "2018 Limerick senior hurling team season" }, { "id": "19867330", "text": "Final v Galway on 23 April 2017 Squad as per 2017 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Semi-Final v Galway on 6 August 2017 A challenge match against St. Thomas of Galway which was due to be played on 22 January was called off as St.Thomas's withdrew. Tipperary played their first game of the year against Antrim in a challenge match on 29 January in Corrigan Park, Belfast. The match against Antrim was as part of a weekend to remember the late Fr. Alec Reid, Redemptorist Priest, originally from Nenagh and who played a pivotal role in the Peace Process. He was", "title": "Tipperary senior hurling team season 2017" }, { "id": "18975782", "text": "to 1-17 National Hurling League defeat of Clare. On 6 September 2015, Hanbury was at full-back for Galway's 1-22 to 1-18 defeat by Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. On 23 April 2017, Hanbury came on as a 65th-minute substitute for Daithí Burke when Galway defeated Tipperary by 3-21 to 0-14 to win the National Hurling League. Later that season he won his first Leinster Championship medal after Galway's 0-29 to 1-17 defeat of Wexford in the final. On 3 September 2017, Hanbury started for Galway at left corner-back when Galway won their first All-Ireland in 29 years after a 0-26", "title": "John Hanbury (hurler)" }, { "id": "17859093", "text": "to 2-16 defeat. In October 2014, Barrett was named as the All Stars Young Hurler of the Year for 2014. On 4 September 2016, Barrett won his first All-Ireland Senior hurling title when Tipperary defeated Kilkenny in the final by 2-29 to 2-20. On 30 May 2017, it emerged that Barrett had been dropped from the Tipperary senior hurling panel for an internal issue. He was due to be out of action for up to eight weeks with ligament damage suffered in the defeat to Cork in the Munster Quarter final on 21 May 2017 and was not recalled to", "title": "Cathal Barrett" }, { "id": "18859053", "text": "players nominated were Padraic Maher and John McGrath of Tipperary. On 4 November, the 2016 \"All Star Award\" winners were announced at the awards ceremony in the National Convention Centre in Dublin. Austin Gleeson of Waterford was named as the All Stars Hurler of the Year and the All Stars Young Hurler of the Year. 2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship The 2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 129th staging of the All-Ireland championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. It is the top tier of senior inter-county championship hurling. The championship began on 1 May", "title": "2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "20366146", "text": "19 August, which was the night of the final. The panel consisting of Brendan Cummins, Jackie Tyrrell, Anthony Daly, Eddie Brennan, Dónal O'Grady, Ken McGrath and Cyril Farrell unanimously selected Galway's Pádraic Mannion as the Sunday game player of the year. On 2 November, the 2018 \"PwC All-Stars\" winners were announced and presented at Dublin's Convention Centre. Cian Lynch was named as the All Stars Hurler of the Year with Kyle Hayes named the All Stars Young Hurler of the Year. 2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship The 2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 131st staging of the All-Ireland Senior", "title": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "19528678", "text": "ticket holders will be entitled to 5,500 tickets. 1,000 tickets will be given to overseas clubs. The Camogie, Ladies' Football, Handball and Rounders Associations are each allocated about 200 tickets, as are the jubilee teams and mini-7s which play at half-time. The match was a sell-out. The 2016 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Final was played between Tipperary and Limerick as a curtain-raiser to the senior final. Tipperary went on to win the final on a 1-21 to 0-17 scoreline. The Tipperary minor team were captained by Brian McGrath, brother of Noel and John McGrath who went to win the senior final", "title": "2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "17266489", "text": "as a second half substitute and won his first All-Ireland Senior hurling title when Tipperary defeated Kilkenny in the final by 2-29 to 2-20. On 5 March 2017, Hamill started at full-back against Clare in the 2017 National Hurling League and went on to claim the man of the match award for his display in a 0-28 to 0-21 win at Semple Stadium. Hamill made his first championship start for Tipperary on 1 July 2017 in the 2-18 to 0-15 win against Westmeath in round 1 of the All Ireland Qualifiers in Semple Stadium. Tomás Hamill Tomás Hamill (born 1", "title": "Tomás Hamill" }, { "id": "19528689", "text": "taken as a serious compliment. From Mick Ryan and his management team’s perspective, they couldn’t have asked for any more from the players. In terms of power, aggression, skill and intelligent hurling, Tipperary were fantastic.\" Highlights of the final were shown on \"The Sunday Game\" programme which aired at 9:30pm that night on RTÉ Two and was presented by Des Cahill with match analysis from Brendan Cummins, Eddie Brennan, and Cyril Farrell. On the man of the match award shortlist were John O’Dwyer, Ronan Maher, and Seamus Callanan, with Seamus Callanan winning the award which was presented by GAA president", "title": "2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "18859052", "text": "- Offaly Fergal Horgan - Tipperary John Keenan - Wicklow Alan Kelly - Galway Barry Kelly - Westmeath Diarmuid Kirwan - Cork Colm Lyons - Cork James McGrath - Westmeath Paud O'Dwyer - Carlow James Owens - Wexford Johnny Ryan - Tipperary Highest attendances: Total attendance: 486,553Average attendance: \"24,328\" \"The Sunday Game\" team of the year was picked on 4 September, which was the night of the final. The panel consisting of Brendan Cummins, Henry Shefflin, Michael Duignan, Ger Loughnane, Liam Sheedy, Eddie Brennan and Cyril Farrell selected Tipperary's Séamus Callanan as the Sunday game player of the year. Other", "title": "2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "18859042", "text": "2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship The 2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 129th staging of the All-Ireland championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. It is the top tier of senior inter-county championship hurling. The championship began on 1 May 2016 and ended on 4 September 2016. Kilkenny were the defending champions. Kerry qualified for the competition for the first time since 2004 Tipperary won the title for the 27th time and for the first time since 2010, defeating Kilkenny in the final, 2–29 to 2–20. The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship is a double-elimination tournament", "title": "2016 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" }, { "id": "17645849", "text": "lost it because we were playing against a fantastic team.\" Highlights of the final were shown on \"The Sunday Game\" programme which aired at 9:30pm that night on RTÉ Two and was presented by Des Cahill with analysis from Donal Óg Cusack, Liam Sheedy, and Eddie Brennan. On the man of the match award shortlist were Richie Hogan, John O'Dwyer and Cathal Barrett, with Richie Hogan winning the award. It was announced right after the drawn match that the replay would take place on Saturday, 27 September at 5pm at Croke park. The drawn match was the highest scoring 70-minute", "title": "2014 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final" }, { "id": "20366145", "text": "the following day. Both games were held at neutral venues. The semi-finals will take place in Croke Park across the last weekend of July, with the Leinster (Galway) and Munster champions (Cork) playing the winners of the two quarter-finals — Clare and Limerick respectively. RTÉ, the national broadcaster in Ireland, provided the majority of the live television coverage of the hurling championship in the second year of a five-year deal running from 2017 until 2021. Sky Sports also broadcast a number of matches and had exclusive rights to some games. \"The Sunday Game\" team of the year was picked on", "title": "2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship" } ]

[ "Bangladesh" ]

[ { "id": "190193", "text": "India India (IAST: ), also known as the Republic of India (IAST: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1,200 crore (1.2 billion) people), and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of", "title": "India" }, { "id": "1400972", "text": "which ended the suzerainty in India and the creation of Pakistan. India remained a Dominion of the Crown until 26 January 1950, when the \"Constitution of India\" came into force, establishing the Republic of India; Pakistan was a dominion until 1956, when it adopted its first republican constitution. In 1971, East Pakistan declared independence as the People's Republic of Bangladesh. European traders first reached Indian shores with the arrival of the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1498 at the port of Calicut, in search of the lucrative spice trade. Just over a century later, the Dutch and English established", "title": "Indian independence movement" }, { "id": "191357", "text": "(UN) mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. India and Pakistan went to war again in 1971, this time the conflict being over East Pakistan. The large-scale atrocities committed there by the Pakistan army led to millions of Bengali refugees pouring over into India. India, along with the Mukti Bahini, defeated Pakistan and the Pakistani forces surrendered on the eastern front. The war resulted in the creation of Bangladesh. In 1998, India carried out the Pokhran-II nuclear tests which was followed by Pakistan's Chagai-I tests. Following the Lahore Declaration in February 1999, relations briefly improved. A few", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "id": "7389728", "text": "on 1 December 1963. The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 carved out a new Hindi-speaking state of Haryana from the southern districts of Punjab state, transferred the northern districts to Himachal Pradesh and designated a union territory around Chandigarh, the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Statehood was conferred upon Himachal Pradesh on 25 January 1971, and to Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura on 21 January 1972. The Kingdom of Sikkim joined the Indian Union as a state on 26 April 1975. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May of the same", "title": "Proposed states and territories of India" }, { "id": "2990760", "text": "region of British India consisted of Assam and the princely states of Manipur and Tripura. Subsequently, Nagaland in 1963, Meghalaya in 1972, Arunachal Pradesh in 1975 (capital changed to Itanagar) (formed on 20 February 1987) and Mizoram in 1987 were formed out of the large territory of Assam. Manipur and Tripura remained as Union Territories of India between 1956 until 1972, when they attained fully-fledged statehood. Sikkim was integrated as the eighth North Eastern Council state in 2002. The city of Shillong served as the capital of the Assam province created during British Rule. It remained as the capital of", "title": "Northeast India" }, { "id": "2123867", "text": "Army during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Following the war, the Indian government reorganised the North East region to ensure effective control of the international borders – three new states came into existence on 21 January 1972: Meghalaya, Manipur, and Tripura. Since the partition of India, many Hindu Bengalis have migrated to Tripura as refugees from East Pakistan; settlement by Hindu Bengalis increased at the time of the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. Hindu Bengalis migrated to Tripura after 1949 to escape religious persecution in Muslim majority East Pakistan. Before independence, most of the population was indigenous;. Ethnic strife between", "title": "Tripura" }, { "id": "2334850", "text": "of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. Nagaland was formed on 1 December 1963. The Punjab Reorganisation Act of 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh. The act also designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Madras state was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968. North-eastern states of Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. Mysore State was renamed as Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the", "title": "States and union territories of India" }, { "id": "1401067", "text": "President of India, taking over from Governor General Rajgopalachari. Subsequently, the French ceded Chandernagore in 1951, and Pondichéry and its remaining Indian colonies in 1954. India invaded and annexed Goa and Portugal's other Indian enclaves in 1961, and Sikkim voted to join the Indian Union in 1975. Following self-rule in 1947, India remained in the Commonwealth of Nations, and relations between the UK and India have been friendly. There are many areas in which the two countries seek stronger ties for mutual benefit, and there are also strong cultural and social ties between the two nations. The UK has an", "title": "Indian independence movement" }, { "id": "1919141", "text": "awarded to the Dominion of Pakistan. East Bengal was renamed East Pakistan in 1955, and later became the independent nation of Bangladesh after the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. While the Muslim majority districts of Murshidabad and Malda were given to India, the Hindu majority district of Khulna and the Buddhist majority, but sparsely populated, Chittagong Hill Tracts were given to Pakistan by the Radcliffe award. Thousands of Hindus, located in the districts of East Bengal which were awarded to Pakistan, found themselves being attacked and this religious persecution forced hundreds of thousands of Hindus from East Bengal to seek", "title": "Partition of India" }, { "id": "1919066", "text": "Partition of India The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which eventually accompanied the creation of three independent dominions, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India became, as of 1950, the Republic of India (India), and the Dominion of Pakistan became, as of 1956, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Pakistan) and also, in 1971, the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bangladesh). The \"partition\" involved the division of three provinces, Assam, Bengal and Punjab, based on district-wide Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan came to be known as the Radcliffe Line. It", "title": "Partition of India" }, { "id": "6598746", "text": "abolished upon Indian independence. Two governors-general held office in India between independence and its transformation into a republic: Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1947–48) and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1948–50). Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister of India throughout this period. The Partition of British India on 15 August 1947 led to the creation of two sovereign states, both dominions: Pakistan (which later split into the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971) and India (later the Republic of India). Since the 1920s the Indian independence movement had been demanding \"Pūrṇa Swarāj\" (complete self-rule) for the", "title": "Dominion of India" }, { "id": "6870701", "text": "in 1956 with the creation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which was administratively split into West Pakistan and East Pakistan. In 1971 East Pakistan seceded from the union to become Bangladesh. Section 1 of the Indian Independence Act 1947 provided that from \"the fifteenth day of August, nineteen hundred and forty-seven, two independent dominions shall be set up in India, to be known respectively as \"India\" and \"Pakistan\".\" The Dominion of India held seventy-five percent of the territory and eighty percent of the population of British India and was treated by the United Nations as the successor state to", "title": "Dominion of Pakistan" }, { "id": "191530", "text": "Cooperation between India and the Soviet Union in 1971 and India's involvement in the internal affairs of its smaller neighbours in the 1970s and 1980s tarnished New Delhi's image as a nonaligned nation and led some observers to note that in practice, nonalignment applied only to India's relations with countries outside South Asia. India was among the original members of the United Nations that signed the Declaration by United Nations at Washington on 1 January 1942 and also participated in the United Nations Conference on International Organization at San Francisco from 25 April to 26 June 1945. As a founding", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "id": "11342170", "text": "Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation The Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was a treaty signed between India and the Soviet Union in August 1971 that specified mutual strategic cooperation. The treaty was a significant deviation from India's previous position of non-alignment in the Cold War and in the prelude to the Bangladesh war, it was a key development in a situation of increasing Sino-American ties and American pressure. The treaty was later adopted to the Indo-Bangla Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace in 1972. India's relation to Soviet Union initially after the former's independence was ambivalent, guided", "title": "Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" }, { "id": "191329", "text": "as a regional power and contain its rival Pakistan, which it maintains is supporting Islamic militants in Kashmir and other parts of India. India is the largest regional investor in Afghanistan, having committed more than US$2.2 billion for reconstruction purposes. India was the second country to recognise Bangladesh as a separate and independent state, doing so on 6 December 1971. India fought alongside the Bangladeshis to liberate Bangladesh from West Pakistan in 1971. Bangladesh's relationship with India has been difficult in terms of irrigation and land border disputes post 1976. However, India has enjoyed favourable relationship with Bangladesh during governments", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "id": "1919068", "text": "of life accompanying or preceding the partition disputed and varying between several hundred thousand and two million. The violent nature of the partition created an atmosphere of hostility and suspicion between India and Pakistan that plagues their relationship to the present. The term \"partition of India\" does not cover the secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971, nor the earlier separations of Burma (now Myanmar) and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from the administration of British India. The term also does not cover the political integration of princely states into the two new dominions, nor the disputes of annexation or division", "title": "Partition of India" }, { "id": "191315", "text": "developed and developing countries faded in the course of wars with China and Pakistan, disputes with other countries in South Asia, and India's attempt to balance Pakistan's support from the United States and China by signing the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in August 1971. Although India obtained substantial Soviet military and economic aid, which helped to strengthen the nation, India's influence was undercut regionally and internationally by the perception that its friendship with the Soviet Union prevented a more forthright condemnation of the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. In the late 1980s, India improved relations with the United States,", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "id": "6670614", "text": "India to withdraw its troops immediately was defeated by the USSR's veto. Portugal surrendered on 19 December. This take-over ended the last of the European colonies in India. Goa was incorporated into India as a centrally administered union territory and, in 1987, became a state. Three princely states bordering India—Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim—were not integrated into the Republic of India in the period between 1947 and 1950. Nepal had been recognised by the British and the Government of India as being \"de jure\" independent. Bhutan had in the British period been considered a protectorate outside the international frontier of India.", "title": "Political integration of India" }, { "id": "6728296", "text": "1975, which approved the state's merger with India and the abolition of the monarchy. Sikkim was formally merged into India as its 22nd state on 26 April 1975. The following were constituent states of the Aden Protectorate from the late 19th century until their independence and merger with South Yemen in 1967 when the states were abolished. The protectorate was under the British Raj and governed as part of the Bombay Presidency until 1917 when the protectorate was transferred to the control of the British Foreign Office. The Persian Gulf Residency was established in 1822 during the time of the", "title": "Salute state" }, { "id": "2632515", "text": "starting a massive buildup of the Indian Army on the western borders; the army waited until December, when the drier ground in the East would have made for easier operations and the Himalayan passes would have been closed by snow, preventing any Chinese intervention. On 23 November, President Yahya Khan declared a state of emergency in all of Pakistan and told his people to prepare for war. On the evening of 3 December, at about 5:40 pm, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) launched surprise pre-emptive strikes on eleven airfields in north-western India, including Agra, which was from the border. At", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "15070398", "text": "United States and China by signing the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Cooperation with the Soviet Union in August 1971. Although India obtained substantial Soviet military and economic aid, which helped to strengthen the nation, India's influence was undercut regionally and internationally by the perception that its friendship with the Soviet Union prevented a more forthright condemnation of the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. In the 1980s, New Delhi improved relations with the United States, other developed countries, and China while continuing close ties with the Soviet Union. Relations with its South Asian neighbors, especially Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, occupied", "title": "Mumbai Consensus" }, { "id": "190238", "text": "in the Non-Aligned Movement. In the late 1980s, the Indian military twice intervened abroad at the invitation of neighbouring countries: a peace-keeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990; and an armed intervention to prevent a 1988 coup d'état attempt in the Maldives. India has tense relations with neighbouring Pakistan; the two nations have gone to war four times: in 1947, 1965, 1971, and 1999. Three of these wars were fought over the disputed territory of Kashmir, while the fourth, the 1971 war, followed from India's support for the independence of Bangladesh. After waging the 1962 Sino-Indian War and", "title": "India" }, { "id": "2990755", "text": "Northeast India Northeast India (officially North Eastern Region, NER) is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country. It comprises eight states – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura. The Siliguri Corridor in West Bengal, with a width of , connects the North Eastern Region with East India. The region shares an international border of (about 99 percent of its total geographical boundary) with the neighbouring countries – with Tibet Autonomous Region, China in the north, with Myanmar in the east, with Bangladesh in the south-west, with Nepal", "title": "Northeast India" }, { "id": "3217235", "text": "Simla Agreement The Simla Agreement (or Shimla Agreement) was signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Simla, the capital city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It followed from the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971 that led to the independence of Bangladesh, which was earlier known as East Pakistan and was part of the territory of Pakistan. India entered the war as an ally of Bangladesh which transformed the war into an Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The agreement was ratified by the Parliaments of both the nations in same year. The agreement was the result of", "title": "Simla Agreement" }, { "id": "5500124", "text": "of Tuensang was added to Nagaland. In 1970, in response to the demands of the Khasi, Jaintia and Garo people of the Meghalaya Plateau, the districts embracing the Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills, and Garo Hills were formed into an autonomous state within Assam; in 1972 this became a separate state under the name of Meghalaya. In 1972, Arunachal Pradesh (the North East Frontier Agency) and Mizoram (from the Mizo Hills in the south) were separated from Assam as union territories; both became states in 1986. India's population passed the 500 million mark in the early 1970s, but its long-standing food", "title": "History of the Republic of India" }, { "id": "5500102", "text": "Mahatma Gandhi, accepted no office. The new constitution of 1950 made India a democratic country. The nation faced religious violence, casteism, naxalism, terrorism and regional separatist insurgencies, especially in Jammu and Kashmir and northeastern India. India has unresolved territorial disputes with China, which in 1962 escalated into the Sino-Indian War, and with Pakistan, which resulted in wars in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. India was neutral in the Cold War, but purchased its military weapons from the Soviet Union, while its arch-foe Pakistan was closely tied to the United States and the People's Republic of China. India is a nuclear-weapon", "title": "History of the Republic of India" }, { "id": "190236", "text": "abides by constitutional checks and balances. The Constitution of India, which came into effect on 26 January 1950, states in its preamble that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. India's form of government, traditionally described as \"quasi-federal\" with a strong centre and weak states, has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a result of political, economic, and social changes. The Government of India comprises three branches: India is a federal union comprising 29 states and 7 union territories. All states, as well in addition to the union territories of Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of", "title": "India" }, { "id": "6598745", "text": "Dominion of India India was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations with King George VI as the head of state between gaining independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947 and the proclamation of a republic on 26 January 1950. It was created by the Indian Independence Act 1947 and was transformed into the Republic of India by the promulgation of the Constitution of India in 1950. The King was represented by the Governor-General of India. However, the Governor-General was not designated \"Viceroy\", as had been customary under the British Raj. The office of Viceroy was", "title": "Dominion of India" }, { "id": "2632531", "text": "the conflict started, the war immediately took a decisive turn in favour of India and their Bengali rebel allies militarily and diplomatically. On both fronts, Pakistan launched several ground offensives, but the Indian Army held its ground and initiated well-coordinated ground operations on both fronts. Major ground attacks were concentrated on the western border by the Pakistan Army, fighting together with the Pakistan Marines in the southern border, but the Indian Army was successful in penetrating into Pakistani soil. It eventually made some quick and initial gains, including the capture of around of Pakistani territory; this land gained by India", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "191415", "text": "way to contain Soviet-friendly India and to use Pakistan to back the Afghan Mujahideen against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. An Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, signed in 1971, also positioned India against the USA. After the Sino-Indian War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, India made considerable changes to its foreign policy. It developed a close relationship with the Soviet Union and started receiving massive military equipment and financial assistance from the USSR. This had an adverse effect on the Indo-US relationship. The United States saw Pakistan as a counterweight to pro-Soviet India and started giving the former", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "id": "191417", "text": "concerned about Soviet expansion into South Asia as a result of a treaty of friendship that had recently been signed between India and the Soviet Union, and sought to demonstrate to the People's Republic of China the value of a tacit alliance with the United States. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Indian Armed Forces, along with the Mukti Bahini, succeeded in liberating East Pakistan which soon declared independence. Nixon feared that an Indian invasion of West Pakistan would mean total Soviet domination of the region, and that it would seriously undermine the global position of the United States and", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "id": "6041609", "text": "of the United States has shocked and surprised us. The US is entitled to its own opinions and interpretations, so are we. But facts are facts and must be stated. Right from the beginning of this unfortunate situation that has arisen in the subcontinent, India had been asking for a political settlement acceptable to elected and acknowledged representatives of the people of Bangladesh.\" On 16 December 1971, the secessionist leaders of newly born Bangladesh (previously East Pakistan) took over when the West Pakistan troops there surrendered to joint forces of Bangladesh and India, who had seized the capital city of", "title": "Swaran Singh" }, { "id": "5500123", "text": "the Indian Parliament amended the Indian Constitution. First, the 35th Amendment laid down a set of conditions that made Sikkim an \"Associate State\", a special designation not used by any other state. A month later, the 36th Amendment repealed the 35th Amendment, and made Sikkim a full state, adding its name to the First Schedule of the Constitution. In the Northeast India, the state of Assam was divided into several states beginning in 1970 within the borders of what was then Assam. In 1963, the Naga Hills district became the 16th state of India under the name of Nagaland. Part", "title": "History of the Republic of India" }, { "id": "5500126", "text": "two decades of food imports. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was the third in four wars fought between the two nations. In this war, fought over the issue of self rule in East Pakistan, India decisively defeated Pakistan, resulting in the creation of Bangladesh. Economic and social problems, as well as allegations of corruption, caused increasing political unrest across India, culminating in the Bihar Movement. In 1974, the Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of misusing government machinery for election purposes. Opposition parties conducted nationwide strikes and protests demanding her immediate resignation. Various political parties united under Jaya Prakash", "title": "History of the Republic of India" }, { "id": "19817387", "text": "characters were modelled on Hoshiar Singh and Arun Khetarpal, both of whom were awarded the Param Vir Chakra for their roles in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. Dialogues were written by Shiju Nambyath for the script of Ravi. The film was shot by Sujith Vaassudev, while Gopi Sunder provided the score. Siddharth Vipin, Najim Arshad, and Rahul Subramanian composed the soundtrack. Principal photography commenced on 31 October 2016 in Suratgarh, Rajasthan and completed on 5 February 2017 in Georgia. \"1971: Beyond Borders\" released on 7 April 2017 in India Published Apr 17, 2017 The film is set in two time periods,", "title": "1971: Beyond Borders" }, { "id": "4133150", "text": "killed in action with another 163 troops wounded, China would suffer less casualties, with 32 killed and 91 wounded in Nathu La, as well as forty in Chola. In August 1971, India signed its Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Co-operation with the Soviet Union. The PRC sided with Pakistan in its December 1971 war with India. Although China strongly condemned India, it did not carry out its veiled threat to intervene on Pakistan's behalf. By this time, the PRC had replaced the Republic of China in the UN where its representatives denounced India as being a \"tool of Soviet expansionism.\"", "title": "China–India relations" }, { "id": "191330", "text": "formed by the Awami League in 1972 and 1996. The recent solutions of land and maritime disputes have taken out irritants in ties. At the outset India's relations with Bangladesh could not have been stronger because of India's unalloyed support for independence and opposition against Pakistan in 1971. During the independence war, many refugees fled to India. When the struggle of resistance matured in November 1971, India also intervened militarily and may have helped bring international attention to the issue through Indira Gandhi's visit to Washington, D.C. Afterwards India furnished relief and reconstruction aid. India extended recognition to Bangladesh prior", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "id": "11749134", "text": "Chinese entrance into the conflict on the side of West Pakistan, it signed with the Soviet Union the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in August 1971. In December, India entered the conflict and ensured the victory of the secessionists and the establishment of the new state of Bangladesh. Relations between the Soviet Union and India did not suffer much during the rightist Janata Party's coalition government in the late 1970s, although India did move to establish better economic and military relations with Western countries. To counter these efforts by India to diversify its relations, the Soviet Union proffered additional", "title": "India–Russia relations" }, { "id": "18281874", "text": "in the Indian State of West Bengal. India entered the war on 3 December 1971, after Pakistan launched pre-emptive air strikes on northern India. Overwhelmed by two war fronts, Pakistani defences soon collapsed. On 16 December, the Allied Forces of Bangladesh and India defeated Pakistan in the east. The subsequent surrender resulted in the largest number of prisoners-of-war since World War II. Though the United Nations condemned the human rights violations during and following Operation Searchlight, it failed to defuse the situation politically before the start of the war. Following Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's declaration of independence in March 1971, India", "title": "International recognition of Bangladesh" }, { "id": "2632579", "text": "and former Nepalese Prime Minister Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala. The organisations include the BBC, Akashbani (All India Radio), International Committee of the Red Cross, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Oxfam and Kolkata University Shahayak Samiti. The list of foreign friends of Bangladesh has since been extended to 568 people. It includes 257 Indians, 88 Americans, 41 Pakistanis, 39 Britons, 9 Russians, 18 Nepalese, 16 French and 18 Japanese. General: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "4608659", "text": "Indian Independence Act 1947 The Indian Independence Act 1947 (1947 c. 30 (10 & 11. Geo. 6.)) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan. The Act received the royal assent on 18 July 1947, and thus Pakistan and India came into being on 15 August. The legislature representatives of the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League, and the Sikh community came to an agreement with Lord Mountbatten on what has come to be known as the \"3 June Plan\" or \"Mountbatten Plan\". This", "title": "Indian Independence Act 1947" }, { "id": "6670544", "text": "Political integration of India At the time of Indian independence in 1947, India was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule, and the other under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal affairs remaining in the hands of their hereditary rulers. The latter included 554 princely states, having different types of revenue sharing arrangements with the British, often depending on their size, population and local conditions. In addition, there were several colonial enclaves controlled by France and Portugal. The political integration of these territories into India was a declared objective of the", "title": "Political integration of India" }, { "id": "1919129", "text": "Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. On 18 July 1947, the British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act that finalized the arrangements for partition and abandoned British suzerainty over the princely states, of which there were several hundred, leaving them free to choose whether to accede to one of the new dominions. The Government of India Act 1935 was adapted to provide a legal framework for the new dominions. Following its creation as a new country in August 1947, Pakistan applied for", "title": "Partition of India" }, { "id": "2632564", "text": "Pakistan under Bhutto launched the clandestine development of nuclear weapons in a view of \"never to allow another foreign invasion of Pakistan.\" This crash program reached parity in 1977 when the first weapon design was successfully achieved. As a result of the war, East Pakistan disintegrated and became an independent country, Bangladesh, as the world's fourth most populous Muslim state on 16 December 1971. Pakistan itself secured the release of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from the Headquarter Prison and allowed him to return to Dacca. On 19 January 1972, Mujib was inaugurated as the first President of Bangladesh, later becoming the", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "400104", "text": "the country's Northeast, part of the reason for the ongoing insurgency in Northeast India. In 1971 Bangladesh obtained independence from Pakistan. Burma also gained independence from the British Empire, but declined membership in the Commonwealth. Indonesia gained independence from the Netherlands in 1949 after the latter failed to restore colonial control. As mentioned above, Indonesia also wanted a powerful position in the region that could be lessened by the creation of united Malaysia. The Netherlands retained Dutch New Guinea, but Indonesia threatened to invade and annex it. A vote was supposedly taken under the UN sponsored Act of Free Choice", "title": "Self-determination" }, { "id": "191331", "text": "to the end of the war in 1971 (the second country to do so after Bhutan) and subsequently lobbied others to follow suit. India also withdrew its military from the land of Bangladesh when Sheikh Mujibur Rahman requested Indira Gandhi to do so during the latter's visit to Dhaka in 1972. Indo-Bangladesh relations have been somewhat less friendly since the fall of Mujib government in August 1975. over the years over issues such as South Talpatti Island, the Tin Bigha Corridor and access to Nepal, the Farakka Barrage and water sharing, border conflicts near Tripura and the construction of a", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "id": "2632539", "text": "Indian Army and Mukti Bahini's incursion against Pakistan during the war, in a broader view of recognising that the succession of East Pakistan as Independent Bangladesh would weaken the position of its rivals— the United States and China. The Soviet Union gave assurances to India that if a confrontation with the United States or China developed, it would take counter-measures. This assurance was enshrined in the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation signed in August 1971. However, the Indo-Soviet treaty did not mean a total commitment to every Indian position, even though the Soviet Union had accepted the Indian position", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "19817397", "text": "film released in its original version on 13 April 2017 in GCC countries. 1971: Beyond Borders 1971: Beyond Borders is a 2017 Indian war drama film written and directed by Major Ravi. It is the fourth instalment in the \"Major Mahadevan\" film series, with Mohanlal reprising his role as Colonel Mahadevan and an additional character of Major Sahadevan. It also features Arunoday Singh and Allu Sirish. The film, set in two time periods is based on the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and acts as a prequel as well as a follow-up to the series. Originally made in Malayalam language, the", "title": "1971: Beyond Borders" }, { "id": "2632551", "text": "Balochistan province into its side of Balochistan, by any means necessary, before anybody else did it. The war stripped Pakistan of more than half of its population, and with nearly one-third of its army in captivity, clearly established India's military and political dominance of the subcontinent. India successfully led a diplomatic campaign to isolate Pakistan and skillfully manipulate Pakistan's supporting countries to limit the extent of support to Pakistan. In addition, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's state visit to United Kingdom and France further helped break ice with the United States, and blocked any pro-Pakistan resolution in the United Nations. There", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "6598751", "text": "The King in relation to independent India held the following official style and titles: Dominion of India India was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations with King George VI as the head of state between gaining independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947 and the proclamation of a republic on 26 January 1950. It was created by the Indian Independence Act 1947 and was transformed into the Republic of India by the promulgation of the Constitution of India in 1950. The King was represented by the Governor-General of India. However, the Governor-General was not designated", "title": "Dominion of India" }, { "id": "191325", "text": "(41), Germany (37), and Japan (34). India has signed strategic partnership agreements with more than two dozen countries/supranational entities listed here in the chronological order of the pacts: France (1998), Russia (2000), Germany (2001), Mauritius (2003), Iran (2003), United Kingdom (2004), United States (2004), EU (2004), Indonesia (2005), China (2005), Brazil (2006), Vietnam (2007), Oman (2008), Kazakhstan (2009), Australia (2009), Malaysia (2010), South Korea (2010), Saudi Arabia (2010), Uzbekistan (2011), Afghanistan (2011), Tajikistan (2012), ASEAN (2012), Japan (2014), Seychelles (2015), Mongolia (2015), Singapore (2015), UAE (2015), Rwanda(2017) and Israel (2017). Currently, India is taking steps towards establishing strategic partnerships with", "title": "Foreign relations of India" }, { "id": "11342187", "text": "the year One Thousand Nine Hundred and Seventy One. On behalf of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Sd.) A. A. Gromyko, Minister of External Affairs, On behalf of the Republic of India (Sd.) Swaran Singh, Minister of External Affairs. Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation The Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was a treaty signed between India and the Soviet Union in August 1971 that specified mutual strategic cooperation. The treaty was a significant deviation from India's previous position of non-alignment in the Cold War and in the prelude to the Bangladesh war, it was a key", "title": "Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" }, { "id": "5500121", "text": "war taking place in Pakistan's Bengali half, after millions of refugees had fled the persecution of the Pakistani army. The clash resulted in the independence of East Pakistan, which became known as Bangladesh, and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's elevation to immense popularity. Relations with the United States grew strained, and India signed a 20-year treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union - breaking explicitly for the first time from non-alignment. In 1974, India tested its first nuclear weapon in the desert of Rajasthan, near Pokhran. In 1973, anti-royalist riots took place in the Kingdom of Sikkim. In 1975, the Prime", "title": "History of the Republic of India" }, { "id": "2334851", "text": "22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli became separate union territories. In November 2000, three new states were created; namely, Chhattisgarh from eastern Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal from northwest Uttar Pradesh (renamed Uttarakhand in 2007) and Jharkhand from southern districts of Bihar. Orissa was renamed as Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 as ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh. States and", "title": "States and union territories of India" }, { "id": "2632553", "text": "new balance of power, and when India conducted a surprise nuclear test in 1974, the US notified India that it had no \"interest in actions designed to achieve new balance of power.\" In spite of the magnitude of the victory, India was surprisingly restrained in its reaction. Mostly, Indian leaders seemed pleased by the relative ease with which they had accomplished their goals—the establishment of Bangladesh and the prospect of an early return to their homeland of the 10 million Bengali refugees who were the cause of the war. In announcing the Pakistani surrender, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared in", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "3217239", "text": "Minister of State for Defense and Foreign Affairs of the Government of Pakistan. Simla Agreement The Simla Agreement (or Shimla Agreement) was signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Simla, the capital city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It followed from the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971 that led to the independence of Bangladesh, which was earlier known as East Pakistan and was part of the territory of Pakistan. India entered the war as an ally of Bangladesh which transformed the war into an Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The agreement was ratified by the Parliaments", "title": "Simla Agreement" }, { "id": "4022085", "text": "Pakistan, acceded to India when a Pakistan-backed invasion threatened its survival. Following India's independence in 1947, a treaty signed between the Chogyal, Palden Thondup Namgyal, and the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru gave India suzerainty over Sikkim in exchange for it retaining its independence. This continued until 1975, when the Sikkimese monarchy was abolished in favour of a merger into India. Sikkim is now one of the states of India. Located in the Arabian Sea, Lakshadweep is a Union territory of India off the coast of the southwestern state of Kerala. The Amindivi group of islands (Amini, Kadmat, Kiltan, Chetlat", "title": "Suzerainty" }, { "id": "10216203", "text": "1971 Indian general election India held general elections to the 5th Lok Sabha in March 1971. This was the fifth election since independence in 1947. The 27 Indian states and union territories were represented by 518 constituencies, each with a single seat. Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, the Indian National Congress (R) led a campaign which focussed on reducing poverty and won a landslide victory, overcoming a split in the party and regaining many of the seats lost in the previous election. During her previous term, there had been internal divisions in the Indian National Congress between Indira Gandhi", "title": "1971 Indian general election" }, { "id": "2632501", "text": "multi-ethnic West Pakistanis over the right to govern and the constitution. The political tensions between East Bengal and West Pakistan had its origin in the creation of Pakistan as a result of the partition of India by the United Kingdom in 1947; the popular language movement in 1950; mass riots in East Bengal in 1964; and the mass protests in 1969. These led to the resignation of President Ayub Khan, who invited army chief General Yahya Khan to take over the central government. The geographical distance between the eastern and western wings of Pakistan was vast; East Pakistan lay over", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "16091057", "text": "as found in British anthropological and official records. Another theory points to the usage by people of Assam where Naga meaning 'naked', is used for 'primitive man living in natural surroundings in uncorrupted form'. Nomenclature of States in North East India North East India is the north easternmost part of India. It comprises seven states; namely Assam, Tripura, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland. The states of Assam (Kamarupa & Davaka), Tripura, and Manipur are ancient in existence, while rest curbed out from Assam in late twentieth century, i.e., Nagaland in 1963, Meghalaya in 1972, Arunachal Pradesh in 1975", "title": "Nomenclature of States in North East India" }, { "id": "19817386", "text": "1971: Beyond Borders 1971: Beyond Borders is a 2017 Indian war drama film written and directed by Major Ravi. It is the fourth instalment in the \"Major Mahadevan\" film series, with Mohanlal reprising his role as Colonel Mahadevan and an additional character of Major Sahadevan. It also features Arunoday Singh and Allu Sirish. The film, set in two time periods is based on the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and acts as a prequel as well as a follow-up to the series. Originally made in Malayalam language, the film was dubbed and released in Telugu as \"Yuddha Bhoomi\". Mohanlal's and Sirish's", "title": "1971: Beyond Borders" }, { "id": "2632498", "text": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the fall of Dacca (Dhaka) on 16 December 1971. The war began with preemptive aerial strikes on 11 Indian air stations, which led to the commencement of hostilities with Pakistan and Indian entry into the war of independence in East Pakistan on the side of Bengali nationalist forces. Lasting just 13 days, it is one of the shortest wars in history. During the war, Indian and Pakistani militaries simultaneously", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "1969215", "text": "a single calendar year. India first introduced its \"visa on arrival\" facility on 27 November 2014, to citizens of the following countries: Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Cook Islands, Djibouti, Fiji, Finland, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Laos, Luxembourg, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Myanmar, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Norway, Oman, Palau, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, UAE, Ukraine, USA, Vanuatu and Vietnam. On 30 July 2015, the facility was extended to China, Macau and Hong Kong. On 15 August 2015, the facility was further extended to citizens of Andorra,", "title": "Tourism in India" }, { "id": "11991639", "text": "Indo-Bangla Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace The India-Bangladesh Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace was a 25-year treaty that was signed on 19 March 1972 forging close bilateral relations between India and the newly established state of Bangladesh. The treaty was also known as the Indira-Mujib Treaty, after the signatories of the treaty the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, India provided extensive aid, training and shelter for the exiled government of Bangladesh and Bengali nationalist Mukti Bahini guerrilla force that was fighting", "title": "Indo-Bangla Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace" }, { "id": "6965518", "text": "the west, the state of Andhra Pradesh in the south and the Bay of Bengal on the east. It is connected to the Seven Sister States of Northeast India by the narrow Siliguri Corridor in the north east of West Bengal. The region was the historical centre of the Nanda, Maurya, Shunga, Gupta and Pala empires that ruled much of the Indian sub-continent at their prime. In medieval India, it was incorporated into the Mughal, Maratha and then the British empire. After independence in 1947, the states joined the Indian Union and took their current form after the States Reorganisation", "title": "East India" }, { "id": "9640312", "text": "to found a National Space Agency called ISRO, after the USSR and the U.S. It was the third Asian nation to send satellites into space after China and Japan in 1970, starting with Aryabhata in 1975. In January 2007, India became the fourth nation to complete atmospheric reentry In October 2008, India launched its first unmanned lunar probe, Chandrayaan 1, which operated until August 2009. On 14 November 2008, the Moon Impact Probe separated from the Chandrayaan orbiter at 20:06 and was deliberately made to strike the Moon near the south pole, making India the fourth country to reach the", "title": "India as an emerging superpower" }, { "id": "11991640", "text": "the Pakistani Army. Between 8 and 10 million refugees poured into India during 1971, increasing tensions between India and Pakistan. At the outbreak of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the Joint Force including regular army of Bangladesh, Mukti Bahini and the Indian Military liberated then East Pakistan, leading to the establishment of Bangladesh. India's role in the independence of Bangladesh led to the development of strong bilateral relations. Then-Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi spoke along with Bangladesh's founding leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman before more than 500,000 people at Suhrawardy Udyan in Dhaka. The twelve Articles incorporated in the treaty were:", "title": "Indo-Bangla Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace" }, { "id": "2632508", "text": "rebellion after taking refuge in different parts of India. The Bangladesh Force, namely the Mukti Bahini, consisting of Niyomito Bahini (Regular Force) and Oniyomito Bahini (Guerilla Force), was formed under the retired colonel Mohammad Ataul Gani Osmani. After the resignations of Admiral S.M. Ahsan and Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan, the media correspondents began airing reports of the Pakistani military's widespread genocide against their Bengali citizens, particularly aimed at the minority Bengali Hindu population, which led to approximately 10 million people seeking refuge in the neighbouring states of Eastern India. The Indian government opened the East Pakistan–India border to allow the", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "6258886", "text": "Sylhet from Assam and merge it into East Bengal. The partition, with the power transferred to Pakistan and India on 14–15 August 1947, was done according to what has come to be known as the \"3 June Plan\" or \"Mountbatten Plan\". India's independence on 15 August 1947 ended over 150 years of British influence in the Indian subcontinent. East Bengal later became the independent country of Bangladesh after the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. In 1905, the first partition in Bengal was implemented as an administrative preference, making governing the two provinces, West and East Bengal, easier. While the partition split", "title": "Partition of Bengal (1947)" }, { "id": "183705", "text": "British India, was created by the Dogra dynasty. While in Eastern and Northeastern India, the Hindu and Buddhist states of Cooch Behar Kingdom, Twipra Kingdom and Kingdom of Sikkim were annexed by the British and made vassal princely state. After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, Polygar states emerged in Southern India; and managed to weather invasions and flourished until the Polygar Wars, where they were defeated by the British East India Company forces. Around the 18th century, the Kingdom of Nepal was formed by Rajput rulers. Early modern Indian traders to West Asia and Eastern Europe were active between", "title": "History of India" }, { "id": "1919067", "text": "also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self-governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14–15 August 1947. The partition displaced over 14 million people along religious lines, creating overwhelming refugee crises in the newly constituted dominions; there was large-scale violence, with estimates of loss", "title": "Partition of India" }, { "id": "2990761", "text": "undivided Assam until formation of the state of Meghalaya in 1972. The capital of Assam was shifted to Dispur, a part of Guwahati, and Shillong was designated as the capital of Meghalaya. The \"Seven Sister States\" is a popular term for the contiguous states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura prior to inclusion of the state of Sikkim into the North Eastern Region of India. The sobriquet 'Land of the Seven Sisters' was coined to coincide with the inauguration of the new states in January 1972 by Jyoti Prasad Saikia, a journalist in Tripura, in the", "title": "Northeast India" }, { "id": "11199909", "text": "1971 (2007 film) 1971 is a 2007 Indian Hindi war drama film directed by Amrit Sagar, and written by Piyush Mishra and Amrit Sagar, based on a true story of prisoners of war after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The film features an ensemble cast of Manoj Bajpayee, Ravi Kishan, Piyush Mishra, Deepak Dobriyal and others. At the National Film Awards, it won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi The film is an account of the escape of six soldiers of the Indian Army taken as prisoners of war by Pakistan Army, during the Indo-Pakistani War", "title": "1971 (2007 film)" }, { "id": "2632552", "text": "was also a meeting between Prime Minister Gandhi and President Nixon in November 1971, where she rejected the US advice against intervening in the conflict. The victory also defined India's much broader role in foreign politics, as many countries in the world had come to realise - including the United States - that the balance of power had shifted to India as a major player in the region. In the wake of changing geopolitical realities, India sought to establish closer relations with regional countries such as Iran, which was a traditional ally of Pakistan. The United States itself accepted a", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "5840462", "text": "interim government. He chose the second anniversary of Japan's surrender in World War II, 15 August, as the date of power transfer. The British government announced on 3 June 1947 that it had accepted the idea of partitioning British India into two states; the successor governments would be given dominion status and would have an implicit right to secede from the British Commonwealth. The Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c. 30) of the Parliament of the United Kingdom partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan (including what is now Bangladesh)", "title": "Independence Day (India)" }, { "id": "2632548", "text": "Indian invasion of Pakistan and integration of Pakistan-administered Kashmir into their side of Kashmir, became imminent. US President Nixon encouraged China to mobilise its armed forces along its border with India to discourage the Indian assault, but the Chinese did not respond to this encouragement since the Indian Army's Northern Command was well prepared to guard the Line of Actual Control, and was already engaging and making advances against the Pakistan Army's X Corps in the Line of Control. China did not welcome the break-up of Pakistan's unity by the East Pakistani politicians, and effectively vetoed the membership of Bangladesh", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "2123868", "text": "the Tripuri tribe and the predominantly immigrant Bengali community led to scattered violence, and an insurgency spanning decades. This gradually abated following the establishment of a tribal autonomous district council and the use of strategic counter-insurgency operations. Tripura remains peaceful, as of 2016. Tripura is a landlocked state in North East India, where the seven contiguous states – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura – are collectively known as the Seven Sister States. Spread over , Tripura is the third-smallest among the 29 states in the country, behind Goa and Sikkim. It extends from 22°56'N to 24°32'N,", "title": "Tripura" }, { "id": "13882083", "text": "Pakistan into two and carving out independent Bangladesh in 1971. In 1974, India tested its first nuclear device, the aftermath of which resulted in a nuclear embargo by US and Canada. Soon after the UN's non-proliferation agenda became another irritant that forced New Delhi to view some units of the organization with distaste as fronts for imposing discriminatory regimes instead of promoting universal disarmament. From the very beginning it has refused to lend its support to the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty with India's then External Affairs Minister and later President, Pranab Mukherjee in a visit to Tokyo in 2007 commenting that:", "title": "India and the United Nations" }, { "id": "2632543", "text": "Nations, George Bush, Sr, introduced a resolution in the UN Security Council calling for a cease-fire and the withdrawal of armed forces by India and Pakistan. However, it was vetoed by the Soviet Union, and the following days witnessed the use of great pressure on the Soviets from the Nixon-Kissinger duo to get India to withdraw, but to no avail. When Pakistan's defeat in the eastern sector seemed certain, Nixon deployed Task Force 74 - led by the aircraft carrier - into the Bay of Bengal. \"Enterprise\" and its escort ships arrived on station on 11 December 1971. According to", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "9367074", "text": "union of French India with the Indian Union did not take place until 1962. On a \"de facto\" basis, the bureaucracy had been united with India's on 1 November 1954. It was organized as a Union Territory in 1963. Puducherry is now a part of India. From the time India gained its independence from British rule in 1947, it raised the issue of the French settlements on the continent with the Government of France. It took seven years for Puducherry to effectively unite with independent India. Political agitation to achieve this goal began earlier. In 1787 and 1791, farmers of", "title": "History of Puducherry" }, { "id": "190282", "text": "are the highest forms of government recognition for athletic achievement; the Dronacharya Award is awarded for excellence in coaching. Overview Etymology History Geography Biodiversity Politics Foreign relations and military Economy Demographics Culture Government General information India India (IAST: ), also known as the Republic of India (IAST: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1,200 crore (1.2 billion) people), and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on", "title": "India" }, { "id": "2632545", "text": "and disintegrate Pakistan in a matter of weeks, therefore President Nixon spoke with the USSR Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev on a hotline on 10 December, where Nixon reportedly urged Brezhnev to restrain India as he quoted: \"in the strongest possible terms to restrain India with which … you [Brezhnev] have great influence and for whose actions you must share responsibility.\" After the war, the United States accepted the new balance of power and recognised India as a dominant player in South Asia; the US immediately engaged in strengthening bilateral relations between the two countries in the successive years. The Soviet", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "2632574", "text": "and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The treaty provided insurance to Bangladesh that Pakistan recognised Bangladesh's sovereignty, in exchange for the return of the Pakistani POWs. In mere five months, India systematically released more than 90,000 war prisoners, with Lieutenant-General A.A.K. Niazi being the last war prisoner to be handed over to Pakistan. The treaty also gave back more than 13,000 km² of land that the Indian Army had seized in Pakistan during the war, though India retained a few strategic areas, including Turtuk, Dhothang, Tyakshi (earlier called Tiaqsi) and Chalunka of Chorbat Valley, which was more than 804 km². The", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1971" }, { "id": "10207606", "text": "remained under French control until 13 June 1954, when it joined the Republic of India as a result of Indian military action. On 1 November 1954, after long years of independence struggle, the four enclaves of Pondicherry, Yanam, Mahe, and Karikal were transferred \"de facto\" to the Indian Union. The Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru visited Pondicherry on 16 January 1955. Messrs Edouard Goubert, S. Perumal, Dadala and Sri Pakirisamy Pillai presented addresses to Pandit Nehru in a public meeting in the maidan of Gorimedu. A treaty of cession was signed by the two countries on 28 May 1956. The \"de", "title": "Yanaon" }, { "id": "12055024", "text": "Nehru (1955), Indira Gandhi (1982), Manmohan Singh (2010) and Narendra Modi (2016) . The two countries share similar views on combating terrorism. Since its independence in 1947, India has sought to maintain strong ties with Saudi Arabia, an important regional power and trading base in West Asia. In a major visit by King Saud of Saudi Arabia to India in November 1955, both nations agreed to shape their relationship based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. Saudi Arabia is also home to more than 1.4 million Indian workers. India was the only South Asian nation to recognise the Soviet-backed", "title": "India–Saudi Arabia relations" }, { "id": "1554021", "text": "which later became Bangladesh. The government of India, which has the unilateral powers to change the borders of a state, divided Assam into several states beginning in 1970 within the borders of what was then Assam. In 1963, the Naga Hills district became the 16th state of India under the name of Nagaland. Part of Tuensang was added to Nagaland. In 1970, in response to the demands of the Khasi, Jaintia and Garo people of the Meghalaya Plateau, the districts embracing the Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills, and Garo Hills were formed into an autonomous state within Assam; in 1972 this", "title": "Assam" }, { "id": "5500122", "text": "Minister of Sikkim appealed to the Indian Parliament for Sikkim to become a state of India. In April of that year, the Indian Army took over the city of Gangtok and disarmed the Chogyal's palace guards. Thereafter, a referendum was held in which 97.5 per cent of voters supported abolishing the monarchy, effectively approving union with India. India is said to have stationed 20,000–40,000 troops in a country of only 200,000 during the referendum. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union, and the monarchy was abolished. To enable the incorporation of the new state,", "title": "History of the Republic of India" }, { "id": "216171", "text": "for local autonomy, in most cases as established by a treaty. Between 1947 and about 1950, the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian Union under Nehru and Sardar Patel. Most were merged into existing provinces; others were organised into new provinces, such as Rajputana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Bharat, and Vindhya Pradesh, made up of multiple princely states; a few, including Mysore, Hyderabad, Bhopal, and Bilaspur, became separate provinces. The Government of India Act, 1935 remained the constitutional law of India pending adoption of a new Constitution. The new Constitution of India, which came into force", "title": "Jawaharlal Nehru" }, { "id": "16091053", "text": "Nomenclature of States in North East India North East India is the north easternmost part of India. It comprises seven states; namely Assam, Tripura, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland. The states of Assam (Kamarupa & Davaka), Tripura, and Manipur are ancient in existence, while rest curbed out from Assam in late twentieth century, i.e., Nagaland in 1963, Meghalaya in 1972, Arunachal Pradesh in 1975 and the state of Mizoram come into existence as late as 1987. It is common in names of North Eastern Indian states like rest of country of usage of Sanskrit word referring to quality", "title": "Nomenclature of States in North East India" }, { "id": "7035471", "text": "\"tehsil\" on the Pakistan side. The two Indian \"tehsils\" were soon promoted to districts and Ladakh was named a Division, on par with the Jammu and Kashmir Divisions in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan renamed the Skardu \"tehsil\" Baltistan and divided it into further districts. At the end of Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the two nations signed the Simla Agreement, converting the former ceasefire line with some adjustments into a Line of Control, and promising not to engage in armed conflict with respect to that boundary. In 1999 the area saw infiltration by Pakistani forces, leading to", "title": "Kargil" }, { "id": "191104", "text": "the Eurasian Plate to deform, and the Indian Plate to compress at a rate of 4 cm/yr (1.6 in/yr). India is divided into 29 states (further subdivided into districts) and 7 union territories including The National capital territory (I.e., Delhi). India's borders run a total length of . Its borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh were delineated according to the Radcliffe Line, which was created in 1947 during Partition of India. Its western border with Pakistan extends up to , dividing the Punjab region and running along the boundaries of the Thar Desert and the Rann of Kutch. This border runs", "title": "Geography of India" }, { "id": "16632313", "text": "the India-friendly Sikkim National Congress. The new government sought an increase in civil and political liberties, but was suppressed by the Chogyal, Palden Thondup Namgyal. In May it passed the Government of Sikkim Act, which provided for responsible government and furthering relations with India, and on 4 July 1974 the Parliament adopted a new constitution that provided for the country becoming a state of India, which the Chogyal signed under pressure from India. On 4 September 1974, the Indian Lok Sabha voted in favour of making Sikkim an \"associate\" state, with the Rajya Sabha voting for an amendment on 8", "title": "1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum" }, { "id": "5500115", "text": "on the lines of shared linguistic and ethnic demographics. The separation of Kerala and the Telugu-speaking regions of Madras State enabled the creation of an exclusively Tamil-speaking state of Tamil Nadu. On 1 May 1960, the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat were created out of the bilingual Bombay State, and on 1 November 1966, the larger Punjab state was divided into the smaller, Punjabi-speaking Punjab and Haryanvi-speaking Haryana states. Nehru's foreign policy was the inspiration of the Non-Aligned Movement, of which India was a co-founder. Nehru maintained friendly relations with both the United States and the Soviet Union, and encouraged", "title": "History of the Republic of India" }, { "id": "1267966", "text": "subordinate authority) with the help of the Council of Ministers. The president is bound by the constitution to act on the advice of the prime minister and cabinet as long as the advice is not violating the constitution. India achieved independence from the British on 15 August 1947, initially as a dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations with George VI as king, represented in the country by a governor-general. Still, following this, the Constituent Assembly of India, under the leadership of B.R.Ambedkar, undertook the process of drafting a completely new constitution for the country. The Constitution of India was eventually", "title": "President of India" }, { "id": "3570879", "text": "merged with India and became a constituent state with effect from 16 May 1975. Some of the enclaves in the eastern part of India were also acquired under border agreements with Pakistan and Bangladesh. In order to expressly provide the citizenship for people in territories as mentioned above, the central government issued the Goa, Daman and Diu (Citizenship) Order, 1962, Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Citizenship) Order, 1962 and Citizenship (Pondicherry) Order 1962, in exercise of its powers under section 7 of the Citizenship act and for Sikkim, the President extended the Citizenship act, and the relevant rules under Article 371-F(n)", "title": "Indian nationality law" }, { "id": "5500150", "text": "or even a joint statement because of differences over Kashmir region. Three new states — Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand (originally Uttaranchal) — were formed in November 2000. The National Democratic Alliance government's credibility was adversely affected by a number of political scandals (such as allegations that the Defence Minister George Fernandes took bribes) as well as reports of intelligence failures that led to the Kargil incursions going undetected, and the apparent failure of his talks with the Pakistani President. Following the 11 September attacks, the United States lifted sanctions which it had imposed against India and Pakistan in 1998. The", "title": "History of the Republic of India" }, { "id": "191098", "text": "Geography of India India lies on the Indian Plate, the northern portion of the Indo-Australian Plate, whose continental crust forms the Indian subcontinent. The country is situated north of the equator between 8°04' to 37°06' north latitude and 68°07' to 97°25' east longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of . India measures from north to south and from east to west. It has a land frontier of and a coastline of . On the south, India projects into and is bounded by the Indian Ocean –- in particular, by the Arabian Sea on", "title": "Geography of India" }, { "id": "11014599", "text": "of 1962, and the Defence of India Act,1971 during the 1971 Indo-Pak war. The 1962 act gained notoriety for its use in internment of Chinese immigrants in India, most notably Calcutta. Other similar laws enacted in independent India include the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) during \"The Emergency\", and Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (enacted during the Punjab insurgency) which carry very similar provisions. Defence of India Act 1915 The Defence of India Act 1915, also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act, was an emergency criminal law enacted by the Governor-General of India in 1915", "title": "Defence of India Act 1915" }, { "id": "11199910", "text": "of 1971. 1971 was included in Avijit Ghosh's book, \"40 Retakes: Bollywood Classics You May Have Missed\" The story takes place in Pakistan in 1977, six years after the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. It takes place based on the role of Indian army who came forward to help in the freedom of Bangladesh from Pakistan on the orders from then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The title of the movie alludes to the year when this War between Bangladesh and Pakistan took place. The scene opens to show a POW camp at an undisclosed location in Pakistan. Indian soldiers are", "title": "1971 (2007 film)" }, { "id": "2449693", "text": "party elected members to vote according to their conscience. Dr.V.V.Giri was elected as the President of India with the support of Mrs. Indira Gandhi. This has resulted in the split of Congress Party and in October 1969. Senior Leaders like Morarji Desai, Athulya Ghosh, Kamarajar, S K Patil and Nijalingappa on the one side as Congress (Organisation) and Indira Gandhi, Shankar Dayal Sharma, Jagjivan Ram, C Subramaniam on the Other Side as Congress (Indira). The DMK, led by Mr.Karunanidhi took a stance to support Mrs. Indira Gandhi in certain reforms like abolition of privy purse, nationalisation of Banks. In 1971", "title": "Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam" } ]

[ "the Pentagon Papers" ]

[ { "id": "20035242", "text": "The Post (film) The Post is a 2017 American historical political thriller film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Liz Hannah and Josh Singer. It stars Meryl Streep as Katharine Graham, the first female publisher of a major American newspaper, and Tom Hanks as Ben Bradlee, the executive editor of \"The Washington Post\", with Sarah Paulson, Bob Odenkirk, Tracy Letts, Bradley Whitford, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Carrie Coon, and Matthew Rhys in supporting roles. Set in 1971, \"The Post\" depicts the true story of attempts by journalists at \"The Washington Post\" to publish the \"Pentagon Papers\", classified", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035243", "text": "documents regarding the 30-year involvement of the United States government in the Vietnam War. Principal photography began in New York City in May 2017. The film premiered at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. on December 14, 2017, and went into limited release in the United States on December 22, 2017. It entered wide release on January 12, 2018, and grossed $179 million worldwide. The film received positive reviews; critics praised the performances (particularly those of Streep, Hanks, and Odenkirk) and described the references and allusions to the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Donald Trump. \"The Post\" was chosen by the", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035249", "text": "White House retaliates. The \"Post\" and \"Times\" jointly appear before the Supreme Court to plead their First Amendment rights. Meanwhile, national newspapers pick up the story in solidarity with the \"Post\" and \"Times.\" On June 30, 1971, the court rules 6–3 in the newspapers' favor, vindicating Graham's decision. Shortly after, Nixon demands that the \"Post\" be barred from the White House. One year later, on June 17, 1972 (two weeks before the first anniversary of the court’s ruling), security guard Frank Wills discovers a break-in in progress at the Watergate complex. In October 2016, Amy Pascal won a bid for", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035245", "text": "documenting the U.S. military progress in the region for Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. On the flight home, McNamara privately tells Ellsberg and William Macomber that the Vietnam war is hopeless. Upon landing, he tells the press he has every confidence in the war effort. Ellsberg, overhearing this, becomes disillusioned. Years later, as a civilian military contractor working for the RAND Corporation, Ellsberg surreptitiously photocopies hundreds of classified reports documenting the country's decades-long involvement in the conflict in Vietnam, dating back to the Truman administration. Ellsberg then leaks these documents to \"The New York Times\". In 1971, newspaper heiress Katharine", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035263", "text": "glaring, noisily freewheeling newsroom\". Matt Bobkin, writing for \"Exclaim!\", gave the film a 6 out of 10 score, saying the film \"has all the makings of an awards season hit, but is too calculated to reflect today's ragged, tenuous sociopolitical climate.\" The film downplays the original role that \"The New York Times\" had in breaking the \"Pentagon Papers\" and emphasizes \"The Washington Post\"'s subsequent involvement. In an interview with the \"Columbia Journalism Review\", former \"New York Times\" associates James Greenfield, who coordinated the \"Pentagon Papers\" project as the \"Times\" foreign editor; James Goodale, the\"Times\" general counsel at the time; and", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035248", "text": "Beebe, agonizing about publishing. Bradlee, a close friend of former President John F. Kennedy, tells Graham that their politician friends (including JFK, as shown in the documents) abused their friendships by lying to them; her friendship with McNamara must not factor in on whether to publish. The situation intensifies when the \"Post\"s lawyers discover that Bagdikian's source is the same as the \"Times\"s, possibly putting Graham in contempt of court and potentially destroying the newspaper and her family legacy. Alternately, if the legal challenges are overcome, the \"Post\" could emerge as a significant journalistic institution. Graham runs the story. The", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035244", "text": "National Board of Review as the best film of 2017 and was named as one of the top 10 films of the year by \"Time\" and the American Film Institute. The film was nominated for Best Picture and Best Actress (for Streep) at the 90th Academy Awards, and also received six nominations at the 75th Golden Globe Awards: Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Actress – Drama (for Streep), Best Actor – Drama (for Hanks), Best Screenplay and Best Original Score. In 1966, during the Vietnam War, State Department military analyst Daniel Ellsberg accompanies American troops in combat,", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035247", "text": "scoops while \"The Post\" languishes, is an exposé of the government's long-running deception regarding the Vietnam War. However, a court injunction quickly halts the \"Times\" from publishing further articles on the subject. \"Post\" assistant editor Ben Bagdikian tracks down former colleague Ellsberg as the source for the leak. Ellsberg provides him copies of the same material given to the \"Times\". Hand-picked \"Post\" reporters pore over mounds of pages, searching for additional headline stories. The \"Post's\" attorneys advise against publishing the material, lest the Nixon administration files criminal charges against them. Graham confers with McNamara, Bradlee, and trusted \"Post\" chairman, Fritz", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035246", "text": "Graham tries to balance a busy social life with responsibilities as owner and publisher of \"The Washington Post\", following the deaths of her husband, Phil Graham, and her father, Eugene Meyer. She nervously prepares for the newspaper's stock-market launch, a move to help financially stabilize the paper. Graham lacks journalistic experience and is frequently overruled by her domineering male advisers and editors, including editor-in-chief Ben Bradlee and board member Arthur Parsons. Secretary McNamara. a long-time friend, forewarns Graham that \"The New York Times\" is publishing an unflattering story featuring him. The story, another example of the \"Times\"' ability to get", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035255", "text": "22, 2017 and in physical form on January 12, 2018. \"The Post\" premiered at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. on December 14, 2017. It began a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 22, 2017, and a wide release on January 12, 2018. The film is distributed internationally through Amblin Partners' distribution agreements with Universal Pictures, Reliance Entertainment, and Entertainment One Films. The film was released by Reliance in India. Tom Hanks expressed disinterest in appearing at a potential White House screening for Donald Trump. The first official image from \"The Post\" was released on October 31, 2017.", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035258", "text": "box office behind holdover \"\". 66% of its opening weekend audience was over the age of 35. It dropped 37% the following weekend to $12.2 million, finishing 4th behind \"Jumanji\" and newcomers \"12 Strong\" and \"Den of Thieves\". It dropped to 5th in its third week of wide release, grossing $8.9 million. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 88% based on 352 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"The Post\" period setting belies its bitingly timely themes, brought compellingly to life by director Steven Spielberg and an outstanding", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "731775", "text": "public performance. Other cast members were Hugh Grant and Simon Helberg. Robbie Collin considered it to be one of her most \"human performance\" and felt that it was \"full of warmth that gives way to heart-pinching pathos\". She won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in a Comedy, and received Academy Award, Golden Globe, SAG, and BAFTA nominations. Streep next starred as the first American female newspaper publisher, Katharine Graham, to Tom Hanks' Ben Bradlee, in Steven Spielberg's political drama \"The Post\" (2017), which centers on \"The Washington Post\"s publication of the 1971 Pentagon Papers. The film received", "title": "Meryl Streep" }, { "id": "20035252", "text": "\"Pentagon Papers\" case—among them James Greenfield, James Goodale, Allan Siegal, and Max Frankel—objected to the film's production due to the script's lack of emphasis on the \"Times\" role in breaking the story. Goodale, who was at the time the \"Times\"s in-house counsel, later called the film \"a good movie but bad history.\" The film began principal photography in New York on May 30, 2017. On June 6, 2017, it was announced that the project, retitled \"The Papers\", would also star Alison Brie, Carrie Coon, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Tracy Letts, Bob Odenkirk, Sarah Paulson, Jesse Plemons, Matthew Rhys, Michael Stuhlbarg,", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035253", "text": "Bradley Whitford, and Zach Woods. On August 25, 2017, the film's title reverted to \"The Post\". Spielberg finished the final cut of the film on November 6, 2017, with the final sound mix also completed along with the musical score a week later, on November 13. Writing for \"The New York Times\", Manohla Dargis indicated some high points in the costume design used in the film stating, \"The costume designer Ann Roth subtly brightens Katharine, taking her from leaden gray to free-flowing gold.\". The score for the film was written by John Williams; it is his 28th collaboration with Spielberg.", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035264", "text": "Max Frankel, the \"Times\"' Washington bureau chief when the \"Papers\" were published\",\" criticized the film's more minor portrayal of the paper. \"The New York Times\" had not only published the \"Pentagon Papers\" before \"The Washington Post\", but had also set the stage for the major legal battle between the press and the United States government. The newspaper also won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its contributions. The 1972 Pulitzer jury of journalists noted in their recommendation not only the significance of Daniel Ellsberg's \"Pentagon Papers\" leak, but also that of \"Times\" reporters Neil Sheehan, Hedrick Smith, Fox", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "2434815", "text": "the past 50 years. In 2002, Graham was presented, posthumously, with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush. In 2002, Graham was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. In 2017, Graham was portrayed by Meryl Streep in the Steven Spielberg film \"The Post\". Streep was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress (among other awards) for her work. On July 14, 2001, Graham fell and struck her head while visiting Sun Valley, Idaho; she died three days later. Her funeral took place at the Washington National Cathedral. Graham is buried in historic Oak Hill", "title": "Katharine Graham" }, { "id": "5285262", "text": "starred in a number of independent films, and had a leading role on the ABC comedy series \"Cupid\" in 2009. She later starred in the independent drama film \"Martha Marcy May Marlene\" (2011), and received Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her performance as Nicolle Wallace in the HBO film \"Game Change\" (2012). She starred as Mary Epps in the 2013 historical drama film \"12 Years a Slave\", as Abby Gerhard in the 2015 romantic drama film \"Carol\", and as Toni Bradlee in the 2017 political drama film \"The Post\", all of which earned Academy Award nominations.", "title": "Sarah Paulson" }, { "id": "18141746", "text": "for both \"Fargo\" and \"The Leftovers\". In 2017, she played real life journalist Meg Greenfield in the Steven Spielberg-directed historical drama film \"The Post\". In 2018, Coon co-starred in the Steve McQueen heist thriller film \"Widows\". Coon provided the voice and motion capture for Proxima Midnight, a member of the Black Order and a child of Thanos, in the Russo Brothers-directed action film \"\" (2018). Coon married actor and playwright Tracy Letts in 2013. They have a son, born in 2018. Carrie Coon Carrie Alexandra Coon (born January 24, 1981) is an American actress. Coon is known for starring as", "title": "Carrie Coon" }, { "id": "16480366", "text": "28, 2018 at the Imperial Theatre and opened on April 12. The production closed on September 16, 2018. Before beginning \"Carousel\" rehearsals, Mueller made her feature film debut in Steven Spielberg's historical drama \"The Post\". Mueller portrayed real life advice columnist Judith Martin (a.k.a. Miss Manners), alongside a cast including Meryl Streep, Tom Hanks, Sarah Paulson, and Carrie Coon. The film was released in select theaters on December 22, 2017 before expanding wide on January 12, 2018. Also in 2017, Mueller was nominated for a Chicago/Midwest Emmy Award for her performance in the Lyric Opera's Chicago Voices concert, which was", "title": "Jessie Mueller" }, { "id": "20035260", "text": "the lens of history were difficult ones to make in the moment, and it generates suspense over how all the pieces fell into place to make those decisions come to fruition.\" David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film an A– and wrote: \"Nobody needs to be reminded that history tends to go in circles, but \"The Post\" is so vital because it captures the ecstasy of trying to break the chain and bend things towards justice; defending the fundamental tenets of the Constitution hasn't been this much fun since \"Hamilton\".\" Chris Nashawaty, writing for \"Entertainment Weekly\", gave the film a", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "13795245", "text": "described by \"Huffington Post\" writer Nell Minow as being \"one of the most moving scenes ever filmed.\" For Guillermo del Toro's fantasy drama \"The Shape of Water\", released in December, Stuhlbarg was required to speak Russian to play Dr. Robert Hoffstetler, a Soviet spy. His final performance of 2017 and second release of December, was as \"The New York Times\" executive editor A. M. Rosenthal, in Steven Spielberg's political thriller \"The Post\", which starred Tom Hanks and Meryl Streep and depicts the publishing of the \"Pentagon Papers\" by journalists from \"The Washington Post\" and \"The Times\". With his performances in", "title": "Michael Stuhlbarg" }, { "id": "20035256", "text": "The trailer for \"The Post\" premiered exclusively on \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\", on November 7, 2017, and the film's poster, designed by BLT Communications, was released the next day. The first TV spot, titled \"Uncover the Truth\", was released on November 21, 2017. \"The Post\" was released on Digital HD on April 3 and on Blu-ray/DVD April 17 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. \"The Post\" grossed $81.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $97.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $179.8 million, against a production budget of $50 million. During \"The Post\"s", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "1563203", "text": "historian Selig Perlman. Martin was portrayed by Broadway star Jessie Mueller in \"The Post\", Steven Spielberg's 2017 movie about the Pentagon Papers. Judith Martin Judith Martin (née Perlman; born September 13, 1938), better known by the pen name Miss Manners, is an American journalist, author, and etiquette authority. Martin is the daughter of Helen and Jacob Perlman. Her father was born in 1898 in Białystok, then part of the Russian Empire, now in Poland. He immigrated to the United States in 1912. In 1925, he received his doctorate from the University of Wisconsin, in economics. Jacob married Helen Aronson in", "title": "Judith Martin" }, { "id": "20549695", "text": "immediately. Hannah was partnered with screenwriter Josh Singer, an Oscar winner for 2015 journalism drama \"Spotlight\", and with the on-set writing experience Hannah lacked. Principal photography began on May 30, 2017. \"The Post\", Hannah's first feature film, was released on December 22, 2017. She was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Screenplay for her work. It was announced on October 27, 2017 that Hannah's next project would be \"Only Plane in the Sky\" for MGM, based on a Politico article by Garrett Graff about the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks. She is also working on a miniseries", "title": "Liz Hannah" }, { "id": "20035265", "text": "Butterfield and E. W. Kenworthy, and stated that their effort was \"a combination of investigative reporting, analysis, research, and writing — all of which added to a distinctly meritorious public service, not only for readers of The Times but also for an entire nation.\" Goodale noted in an article for \"The Daily Beast\" that the \"Times\" published the \"Papers\" after Ellsberg had leaked them to Sheehan, and further stated that the film \"creates a false impression that the Post was a major player in such publication. It's as though Hollywood had made a movie about the Times' triumphant role in", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035261", "text": "positive review, but also compared it with previous journalism films such as \"All the President's Men\" stating, \"Spielberg makes these crucial days in American history easy to follow. But if you look at \"The Post\" next to something like \"All the President's Men\", you see the difference between having a story passively explained to you and actively helping to untangle it. That's a small quibble with an urgent and impeccably acted film. But it's also the difference between a very good movie and a great one.\" Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" awarded the film an NYT Critic's Pick", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035262", "text": "with a strong acknowledgment of Spielberg as director saying, \"Mostly, (the \"Post\" decision to publish) went down fast, a pace that Mr. Spielberg conveys with accelerated rhythms, flying feet, racing cameras and an enjoyably loose approach to the material. With his virtuosic, veteran crew, Mr. Spielberg paints the scene vividly and with daubs of beauty; most notably, he creates distinct visual realms for the story's two main overlapping, at times colliding worlds. Katharine reigns over one; at first she's all but entombed in her darkly lighted, wood-paneled empire. Ben rules the other, overseeing the talking and typing warriors of the", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20035250", "text": "the rights to the screenplay \"The Post\", written by Liz Hannah. In February 2017, Steven Spielberg had halted pre-production on \"The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara\" after a casting setback, and consequently opened his schedule to other potential films to direct. The following month, it was announced that Spielberg was in negotiations to direct and produce the film, with Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks in talks for the roles of Katharine Graham and Ben Bradlee, respectively. \"The Post\" is the first time that Spielberg, Streep, and Hanks had all worked together on a film. Spielberg read the screenplay and decided to", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "12807027", "text": "The Rocket Post The Rocket Post is a 2004 British drama film directed by Stephen Whittaker and starring Ulrich Thomsen, Shauna Macdonald, Kevin McKidd and Patrick Malahide. It is set on a remote Scottish island during the late 1930s. The arrival of German rocket scientist Gerhard Zucker is not initially welcomed by the inhabitants of the island. The film was shot in 2001, but its release was delayed by several years. Additional footage was shot in 2005, and the film was given a limited release in Scotland the following year. The story is very loosely based on experiments in 1934", "title": "The Rocket Post" }, { "id": "20035251", "text": "direct the film as soon as possible, citing that \"when I read the first draft of the script, this wasn't something that could wait three years or two years — this was a story I felt we needed to tell today.\" Spielberg worked on \"The Post\" while post-production work continued on the visual-effects-heavy \"Ready Player One\", a situation familiar to him from concurrently producing, in the early 1990s, \"Jurassic Park\" and \"Schindler's List\". Josh Singer was hired to re-write the screenplay ten weeks before filming. As filming commenced, a number of \"New York Times\" figures who were associated with the", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "20549692", "text": "Liz Hannah Liz Hannah (born December 14, 1985) is an American screenwriter and producer. She is best known for her work on Steven Spielberg's 2017 journalism drama \"The Post\", for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Screenplay. Hannah did her undergraduate studies at the Pratt Institute in New York. Following an internship on 2007's \"Reign Over Me\", she was admitted to the AFI Conservatory, in the producing discipline. After graduating from AFI, Hannah moved to Los Angeles. She got a job in development at Denver & Delilah, Charlize Theron’s production company. Several years into her role,", "title": "Liz Hannah" }, { "id": "18141740", "text": "for a Tony Award for her performance in the 2012 revival of \"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\". She has starred in many films, including as Margo Dunne in the thriller \"Gone Girl\" (2014), Meg Greenfield in the drama \"The Post\" (2017), and in the supernatural horror drama \"The Keeping Hours\" (2017). In 2018, she played the Black Order member Proxima Midnight in \"\" and Vera Walker in the second season of \"The Sinner\". Carrie Alexandra Coon was born in Copley, Ohio on January 24, 1981, the daughter of Paula (\"née\" Ploenes) and John Coon. She has an older sister, an", "title": "Carrie Coon" }, { "id": "2685548", "text": "went on to a distinguished career in journalism. She became influential in a male-dominated world and a close confidante of \"Post\" publisher Katharine Graham. She spent 20 years as the editorial page editor for \"The Washington Post\" and 25 years as a columnist for Newsweek. She influenced generations of Washington Post writers. When diagnosed with cancer, Greenfield partly retired to Bainbridge Island in her native Washington, where she wrote a posthumously published memoir entitled \"Washington\". She died of the disease, at age 68. Greenfield was portrayed by Carrie Coon in 2017 film, \"The Post\". Meg Greenfield Mary Ellen Greenfield (December", "title": "Meg Greenfield" }, { "id": "20035266", "text": "Watergate.\" On \"PBS NewsHour\", Goodale further said, \"Although a producer has artistic license, I think it should be limited in a situation such as this, so that the public comes away with an understanding of what the true facts are in this case . . . And I think that if you're doing a movie now, when [President Donald] Trump is picking on the press for 'fake news', you want to be authentic. You don't want to be in any way fake.\" The Post (film) The Post is a 2017 American historical political thriller film directed and produced by Steven", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "15329058", "text": "Award-nominated role as a ruthless fashion magazine editor in the comedy-drama \"The Devil Wears Prada\". This late-period success led to starring roles in several high-profile films, including the US$609 million-grossing romantic comedy \"Mamma Mia!\" (2008), her highest-grossing release, and the comedy-drama \"Julie & Julia\" (2009), in which she played Julia Child. These roles re-established Streep's stardom in Hollywood. Her portrayal of Margaret Thatcher in the biopic \"The Iron Lady\" (2011) earned her another Academy Award for Best Actress. The starring role of Katharine Graham in the 2017 drama \"The Post\" garnered Streep her 21st Oscar nomination, more than any actor", "title": "Meryl Streep on screen and stage" }, { "id": "5962000", "text": "Matthew Rhys Matthew Rhys Evans (born 4 November 1974), known professionally as Matthew Rhys (), is a Welsh actor. He is known for playing Philip Jennings in the acclaimed television series \"The Americans\" (2013–2018), for which he received two Golden Globe Award nominations and a Primetime Emmy Award. He has also played Kevin Walker in the television series \"Brothers & Sisters\" (2006–2011), Dylan Thomas in the film \"The Edge of Love\" (2008) and Daniel Ellsberg in the film \"The Post\" (2017). Rhys was born in Cardiff, Wales, on 4 November 1974. He grew up in Cardiff and attended Welsh-medium schools,", "title": "Matthew Rhys" }, { "id": "10072623", "text": "in two Steven Spielberg films: the historical drama \"Bridge of Spies\" (2015) and the political thriller \"The Post\" (2017). Plemons was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Lisa Beth (née Cason) and Jim Bob Plemons. He was raised in Mart, a small town outside Waco. He has an older sister named Jill. On his paternal side, he is related to Stephen F. Austin, known as the Father of Texas. In 2007, Plemons graduated from the Texas Tech University Independent School District, a distance learning program, which allowed him to earn his high school diploma. He attended schools in the", "title": "Jesse Plemons" }, { "id": "3368011", "text": "the 20th century. McChesney argued that Bagdikian was \"certainly accorded more respect by working journalists\" than Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, the authors of \"Manufacturing Consent\", due to their perceived radicalism, in contrast to Bagdikian's liberal views. Progressive journalist and writer John Nichols, writing for the \"Nation\", called Bagdikian a \"pioneering media reformer.\" He said of Bagdikian in an interview with \"Democracy Now!\": The \"Pentagon Papers\" controversy at the \"Washington Post\" was recounted in the 2017 Steven Spielberg film \"The Post\". Bagdikian was played by Bob Odenkirk. Bagdikian received honorary degrees, among others, from Brown University (Doctor of Humane", "title": "Ben Bagdikian" }, { "id": "14876297", "text": "Martin, the more stable and easy-going of the two where David is more impulsive and volatile in temperament. The brothers both go off to serve in World War I, where David is badly wounded and sent home to England to recuperate. Despite her love for Martin, Christine agrees to marry David who she feels needs her more. After the war, David becomes increasingly restless and disillusioned with the society he sees around him. He becomes involved with anti-establishment elements and joins a Bolshevik group. During the General Strike of 1926 the group hatch a plot to steal ammunition, which goes", "title": "The Last Post (film)" }, { "id": "371485", "text": "children's story, starring newcomer Ruby Barnhill, and Rylance as the titular Big Friendly Giant. DreamWorks bought the rights in 2010, originally intending John Madden to direct. The film was the last to be written by \"E.T.\" screenwriter Melissa Mathison before she died. It was co-produced and released by Walt Disney Pictures, marking the first Disney-branded film to be directed by Spielberg. \"The BFG\" premiered out of competition at the Cannes Film Festival on May 14, 2016 and received a wide release in the US on July 1, 2016. Spielberg directed Tom Hanks and Meryl Streep in \"The Post\", an account", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "id": "20549694", "text": "film. In October 2016, Hannah sent the finished script, titled \"The Post\", out to agents, with the hope of finding representation. On October 28, she received a call from producer Amy Pascal, the former chair of Sony Pictures. The script appeared at number two on the 2016 Black List, an annual Hollywood survey of the 'most liked' film screenplays not yet produced. Pascal won an auction for the script soon after, and quickly enlisted Steven Spielberg, Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks as director and stars, respectively. Spielberg, who was in post-production on \"Ready Player One\", decided to make the film", "title": "Liz Hannah" }, { "id": "984435", "text": "Post\" for \"demanding that [former National Security Agency contractor Edward] Snowden ... stand trial on espionage charges\". In December 2016, The \"Post\" published a story inaccurately stating that a Russian hacking operation had infiltrated the U.S. electrical grid; the claim was retracted in a revised version of the story, after the initial version had been widely circulated. In February 2017, amid a barrage of criticism from President Donald Trump over the paper's coverage of his campaign and early presidency, as well as concerns among the American press about Trump's criticism and threats against journalists who provide coverage he deems unfavorable,", "title": "The Washington Post" }, { "id": "3207887", "text": "Mentalist\", antagonist Eric Gordon in the film \"Billy Madison\", Arthur Parsons in \"The Post\", and Dean Armitage in the horror film \"Get Out\". In 2015, he won a second Primetime Emmy Award for his role as Marcy in \"Transparent\", and a fifth Primetime Emmy Award nomination for portraying Magnus Hirschfeld in the same series. He was an occasional columnist for \"The Huffington Post\" until November 2009. Whitford was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the son of Genevieve Louie (née Smith) and George Van Norman Whitford. Between the ages of three and 14, he lived in Wayne, Pennsylvania. His mother, a poet,", "title": "Bradley Whitford" }, { "id": "4832336", "text": "interviewed every Israeli Prime Minister since 1981, including Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, and, most recently, Benjamin Netanyahu. Lally Weymouth conducted the last interview with Pakistan’s Benazir Bhutto before her assassination in December 2007. In 1963, she married architect Yann Weymouth They divorced in 1969. They had two daughters: Katharine Weymouth, was publisher of the \"Washington Post\" from 2008 to 2013 , and Pamela Alma Weymouth, a writer for Huffington Post. Weymouth was portrayed in the 2017 film \"The Post\" by Alison Brie. Lally Weymouth Elizabeth Morris \"Lally\" Graham Weymouth (born July 3, 1943) is an American journalist who serves as", "title": "Lally Weymouth" }, { "id": "8638225", "text": "Amy Pascal Amy Beth Pascal (born March 25, 1958) is an American business executive and film producer. She served as the Chairperson of the Motion Pictures Group of Sony Pictures Entertainment (SPE) and Co-Chairperson of SPE, including Sony Pictures Television, from 2006 until 2015. She has overseen the production and distribution of many films and television programs, and was co-chairman during the late-2014 Sony Pictures Entertainment hack. Her company, Pascal Pictures, made its debut with the 2016 \"Ghostbusters\" reboot. In 2017, she produced \"\", \"Molly's Game\" and \"The Post\" (which earned an Academy Award nomination at the 90th Academy Awards).", "title": "Amy Pascal" }, { "id": "20035259", "text": "ensemble cast.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 83 out of 100, based on 51 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported 63% of audience members gave the film a \"definite recommend\". Alonso Duralde of \"TheWrap\" praised the acting and Spielberg's direction, though he noted the script was too on-the-nose at times, saying, \"\"The Post\" passes the trickiest tests of a historical drama: it makes us understand that decisions validated by", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "1741788", "text": "Broderick, Billy Crystal, Meg Ryan, Nicole Kidman, Tom Hanks, Albert Brooks, and Ron Howard commented on her brilliance, warmth, generosity, and wit. At the Karlovy Vary Film Festival of that year, actresses Helen Mirren and Susan Sarandon, who were honored with the \"Lifetime Achievement Award\", paid tribute to her during their speeches. The 2017 film \"The Post\" is dedicated to her. The Nora Ephron Prize is a $25,000 award by the Tribeca Film Festival for a female writer or filmmaker \"with a distinctive voice\". The first Nora Ephron Prize was awarded in 2013 to Meera Menon for her film \"Farah", "title": "Nora Ephron" }, { "id": "4189795", "text": "work Daniel Ellsberg had been doing for the Rand Corporation and how he managed to remove the Pentagon Papers from Rand headquarters. The scandal that forced a president to resign was Watergate, and the \"Post\" was the paper that broke the story. Because of his role at the paper during the Watergate reporting, Aarons was hired as an accuracy consultant for the \"Post\"-centered film about the scandal, \"All the President's Men\". He also had a bit part in the movie. In 1981 Aarons met Israeli computer consultant Joshua Boneh at his Jewish Community Center in Washington D.C. \"He followed Boneh", "title": "Leroy F. Aarons" }, { "id": "20035254", "text": "The music is a combination of traditional orchestral instrumentation and what Williams has called \"very light, computerised electronic effects.\" Williams was originally attached to write the music for Spielberg's \"Ready Player One\", but, because both films had similar post-production schedules, Williams chose to work on \"The Post\", while Alan Silvestri composed for \"Ready Player One\". Spielberg has said that \"The Post\" was a rare instance in which he went to the recording sessions \"having not heard a note\" in advance. Recording began on October 30, 2017 in Los Angeles. The soundtrack was released digitally by Sony Classical Records on December", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "8991545", "text": "The Postman (film) The Postman is a 1997 American post-apocalyptic adventure film. It is directed by, produced by, and stars Kevin Costner, with the screenplay written by Eric Roth and Brian Helgeland, based on David Brin's 1985 book of the same name. The film also features Will Patton, Larenz Tate, Olivia Williams, James Russo, and Tom Petty. It is set in a post-apocalyptic and neo-Western version of the United States in the then near-future year of 2013, sixteen-plus years after unspecified apocalyptic events, starting with the breakdown of society through “hate crimes and racially motivated attacks (by) a militia-like group”", "title": "The Postman (film)" }, { "id": "18840904", "text": "company that co-produced Steven Spielberg's movie \"The Post\". His book \"City on Fire: The Explosion That Devastated a Texas Town and Ignited a Historic Legal Battle\" was optioned by Tom Cruise and Paramount Pictures. \"City on Fire\" was named by \"Esquire\" magazine as one of the greatest stories of human survival, along with works by Ernest Hemingway and others. His book \"First Son: George W. Bush & The Bush Family Dynasty\", was the first biography written about President Bush. Director Oliver Stone cited the book in interviews about Stone’s movie \"W.\". Based in Texas, Minutaglio's books and journalism often center", "title": "Bill Minutaglio" }, { "id": "14967943", "text": "nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Screenplay for \"The Post\" in 2018. Josh Singer Josh Singer (born 1972) is an American screenwriter and producer. He is best known for writing \"The Fifth Estate\" (2013), \"Spotlight\" (2015) and \"The Post\" (2017). He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for \"Spotlight\" and was nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Screenplay for \"Spotlight\" and \"The Post\". He also wrote the Damien Chazelle-directed \"First Man\" (2018). Singer attended Upper Dublin High School in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, where he appeared in musicals and was a member of math club, drama club,", "title": "Josh Singer" }, { "id": "12807028", "text": "by the German inventor Gerhard Zucker to provide a postal service to the island of Scarp by rocket mail. Another fictionalised account of the experiment formed the basis of a 2001 film, also called \"The Rocket Post\", which was filmed on Taransay. The film's original score was composed by Nigel Clarke & Michael Csanyi-Wills and recorded by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London. http://davidnwilkinson.blogspot.co.uk/2017/03/sometimes-getting-money-for-your-film.html The Rocket Post The Rocket Post is a 2004 British drama film directed by Stephen Whittaker and starring Ulrich Thomsen, Shauna Macdonald, Kevin McKidd and Patrick Malahide. It is set on a remote Scottish island during", "title": "The Rocket Post" }, { "id": "8380880", "text": "Martin Baron Martin \"Marty\" Baron (born October 24, 1954) is an American journalist who has been editor of \"The Washington Post\" since December 31, 2012, after having been editor of \"The Boston Globe\" from 2001 to 2012. He achieved heightened prominence in 2015 and 2016 due to his portrayal in the film \"Spotlight\" and his involvement in the release of imprisoned journalist Jason Rezaian. Baron was born to a Jewish family. His parents immigrated from Israel. He attended Berkeley Preparatory School and worked on the school's student paper. He matriculated at Lehigh University where he was editor of \"The Brown", "title": "Martin Baron" }, { "id": "14876298", "text": "badly wrong when a soldier is killed during the botched operation. However it is Martin who is arrested, charged and sentenced to death for the crime, accepting his fate out of loyalty to his brother and the wish for the unknowing Christine not to have to face the fact that her husband is a killer. But at the last moment, David is unable to watch his brother die for his crime and confesses his guilt. On its theatrical release, \"The Last Post\" picked up mixed reviews. While \"The Bioscope\" found it had \"many points of strong interest, working up to", "title": "The Last Post (film)" }, { "id": "5542266", "text": "involve Alicia, Bernie, and \"Sun\" columnist Michael McDougal (Randy Quaid). McDougal is threatened by an angry city official named Sandusky (Jason Alexander) whom McDougal's column had been tormenting for the past several weeks. Their drunken confrontation in a bar (later in the film) leads to gunfire, which gets Alicia shot in the leg through the wall. Alicia, who is having an affair with \"Sun\" reporter Carl (Bruce Altman) and has expensive tastes, schemes to get a raise in her salary. Bernie reveals to Henry that he has recently been diagnosed with prostate cancer, which causes him to spend time tracking", "title": "The Paper (film)" }, { "id": "1360435", "text": "by Kobe Bryant. Williams wrote the music for \"\", the eighth episode of the saga, released on December 15, 2017, and is presumed to be working on \"Star Wars Episode IX\". Also in 2017, he composed the score for Steven Spielberg's drama film \"The Post\". Williams contributed \"The Adventures of Han\" for the 2018 standalone \"Star Wars\" film \"\" while John Powell wrote the film's original score. Williams is also currently attached to score the fifth Indiana Jones film. A three-disc box set compilation of all of Williams' musical scores for Steven Spielberg's films, titled \"John Williams & Steven Spielberg:", "title": "John Williams" }, { "id": "731703", "text": "Streep's other Oscar-nominated roles were in \"The French Lieutenant's Woman\" (1981), \"Silkwood\" (1983), \"Out of Africa\" (1985), \"Ironweed\" (1987), \"Evil Angels\" (1988), \"Postcards from the Edge\" (1990), \"The Bridges of Madison County\" (1995), \"One True Thing\" (1998), \"Music of the Heart\" (1999), \"Adaptation\" (2002), \"The Devil Wears Prada\" (2006), \"Doubt\" (2008), \"Julie & Julia\" (2009), \"\" (2013), \"Into the Woods\" (2014), \"Florence Foster Jenkins\" (2016), and \"The Post\" (2017). She returned to the stage for the first time in over 20 years in The Public Theater's 2001 revival of \"The Seagull\", and won a second Emmy Award and a Golden", "title": "Meryl Streep" }, { "id": "1069080", "text": "open letter and referred to the planned attack on Iraq and the War on Terror. In the letter, Penn also criticized the Bush administration for its \"deconstruction of civil liberties\" and its \"simplistic and inflammatory view of good and evil.\" Penn visited Iraq briefly in December 2002. \"Sean is one of the few,\" remarked his ex-wife Madonna. \"Good for him. Most celebrities are keeping their heads down. Nobody wants to be unpopular. But then Americans, by and large, are pretty ignorant of what's going on in the world.\" The \"Post\" advertisement was cited as a primary reason for the development", "title": "Sean Penn" }, { "id": "5542263", "text": "The Paper (film) The Paper is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Michael Keaton, Glenn Close, Marisa Tomei, Randy Quaid and Robert Duvall. It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for \"Make Up Your Mind\", which was written and performed by Randy Newman. The film depicts a hectic 24 hours in a newspaper editor's professional and personal life. The main story of the day is the murder of a couple of visiting businessmen. The reporters discover evidence suggesting a police cover-up of evidence of the suspects' innocence, and rush to scoop the", "title": "The Paper (film)" }, { "id": "5542265", "text": "Close), the managing editor and Henry's nemesis, impose unpopular cutbacks. Henry's wife Martha (Marisa Tomei), a fellow \"Sun\" reporter on leave and about to give birth, is fed up because Henry seems to have less and less time for her, and she really dislikes Alicia Clark. She urges him to seriously consider an offer to leave the \"Sun\" and become an assistant managing editor at the \"New York Sentinel\", another fictional newspaper (based on \"The New York Times\"), which would mean more money, shorter hours, and more respectability, but might also be a bit boring for his tastes. Minor subplots", "title": "The Paper (film)" }, { "id": "8380885", "text": "Academy Awards. Martin Baron Martin \"Marty\" Baron (born October 24, 1954) is an American journalist who has been editor of \"The Washington Post\" since December 31, 2012, after having been editor of \"The Boston Globe\" from 2001 to 2012. He achieved heightened prominence in 2015 and 2016 due to his portrayal in the film \"Spotlight\" and his involvement in the release of imprisoned journalist Jason Rezaian. Baron was born to a Jewish family. His parents immigrated from Israel. He attended Berkeley Preparatory School and worked on the school's student paper. He matriculated at Lehigh University where he was editor of", "title": "Martin Baron" }, { "id": "9377692", "text": "man), \"Early Edition\" (as Jonathan/Marksman), \"Home Improvement\" (as Henry), and others. In feature films, Letts has appeared in Audrey Wells' \"Guinevere\" (as Zack), Stuart Baird's \"U.S. Marshals\" (as Sheriff Poe), \"Chicago Cab\" (as the sports fan), \"Straight Talk\" (as Sean), \"Paramedics\" (as the van owner), and \"The Big Short\" (as Lawrence Fields). Letts co-starred as Dean Caudwell in \"Indignation\" (2016), an adaptation of Philip Roth's 2008 novel of the same name. In 2017, Letts starred in \"The Lovers\", \"Lady Bird\", and \"The Post\". Tracy Letts Tracy S. Letts (born July 4, 1965) is an American actor, playwright and screenwriter. He", "title": "Tracy Letts" }, { "id": "19850655", "text": "Mark's self-mutilation, but the investigator is unwilling to accept Cameron's argument that God's Promise is inherently emotionally abusive. Disillusioned, Cameron, Jane and Adam decide to run away from the camp under the pretense of an early morning hike. Rick encounters them in the kitchen. They hike to a nearby road and hitchhike away from the camp as the film ends. In November 2016, it was announced Chloë Grace Moretz, Sasha Lane, John Gallagher, Jr., Forrest Goodluck, Jennifer Ehle had all been cast in the film, with Desiree Akhavan directing the film, from a screenplay co-written with Cecilia Frugiuele. Michael B.", "title": "The Miseducation of Cameron Post (film)" }, { "id": "13801395", "text": "published an article about the attempted sting operation. The \"Post\" decided to disclose Phillips' original discussions made off the record, saying they were not obligated to keep them confidential because she had deceived them. Hours after the \"Post\" published this story, O'Keefe released a video which he claimed exposed the newspaper's liberal bias. The video includes undercover footage of conversations with two \"Post\" employees, national security reporter Dan Lamothe and product director Joey Marburger. These employees explained to undercover Project Veritas operatives the difference between the news reporting of the \"Washington Post\" (which calls out the Trump administration's missteps while", "title": "James O'Keefe" }, { "id": "371443", "text": "the Extra-Terrestrial\" (1982), and the \"Jurassic Park\" series seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking. Spielberg transitioned into addressing humanistic issues in his later work via the films \"The Color Purple\" (1985), \"Empire of the Sun\" (1987), \"Schindler's List\" (1993), \"Amistad\" (1997) and \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998). He has largely adhered to this practice during the 21st century, with \"Munich\" (2005), \"Lincoln\" (2012), \"Bridge of Spies\" (2015), and \"The Post\" (2017). Spielberg co-founded Amblin Entertainment and DreamWorks Studios, where he has also served as a producer for several successful films, including the \"Back to the Future\", \"Men in Black\",", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "id": "5542267", "text": "down his estranged daughter Deanne White (Jill Hennessey), in an attempt to reconcile before his time is up. Meanwhile, a hot story is circulating the city, involving the murder of two white businessmen in Williamsburg, Brooklyn and two African-American teenagers arrested for the crime, which both Henry and McDougal believe to be false charges (due to overhearing NYPD discuss the arrest on the \"Sun\" office's police scanner). Because of this story, Henry is wrought with tough decisions, deadlines, and personal crises (including his interpersonal issues with Alicia). He becomes obsessed with getting to the bottom of the case, getting others", "title": "The Paper (film)" }, { "id": "13795231", "text": "Jasmine\" (2013), \"Arrival\" (2016), and \"Doctor Strange\" (2016), as well as the third season of the anthology television series \"Fargo\" (2017). In 2017, Stuhlbarg appeared in the critically acclaimed productions \"Call Me by Your Name\", \"The Shape of Water\" and \"The Post\", all three of which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, as well as receiving several wins and nominations from critics and other award groups. Stuhlbarg was born in Long Beach, California, the son of Susan and Mort Stuhlbarg, philanthropists. He was raised as a Reform Jew. He has said, \"It's more of a spiritual resonance", "title": "Michael Stuhlbarg" }, { "id": "524936", "text": "Crist gave Hoffman credit for the ultimate success of the film: \"Lenny\" was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Cinematography. \"All the President's Men\" (1976) was made less than two years after the Watergate scandal, and starred Hoffman and Robert Redford as the real-life journalists, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, respectively. Based on actual events, Hoffman and Redford play \"Washington Post\" reporters who uncover a break-in at the Watergate Hotel and end up investigating a political scandal that reaches all the way to the presidency. The film,", "title": "Dustin Hoffman" }, { "id": "1407514", "text": "for 1986. It was also nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel and Nebula Award for Best Novel for 1986. In 1997, a film adaptation starring Kevin Costner and Will Patton was adapted from the novel. Despite the post-apocalyptic scenario and several action sequences, the book is largely about civilization and symbols. Each of the three sections deals with a different symbol. The first is the Postman himself, Gordon Krantz, who takes the uniform solely for warmth after he loses everything but his sleeping clothes. He wanders without establishing himself anywhere and performs scenes from William Shakespeare plays for", "title": "The Postman" }, { "id": "20770425", "text": "Justin Swain Justin Swain is an American actor, best known for his role as Detective Mark Bailey in the Netflix series Marvel's \"Luke Cage\". Born outside of Boston in Stoneham, Massachusetts, Swain was raised in New Hampshire before he returned to Boston to attend Emerson College. Swain’s additional acting credits include Oscar nominated film The Post (film) directed by Steven Spielberg, HBO’s “Muhammad Ali’s Greatest Fight”, “The Blacklist”, “Forever”, “Boardwalk Empire”, “Law & Order” and “Law & Order: SVU”. Alongside his acting career, Swain has written for film and television. He has developed pilots under the guidance of Christina Wayne", "title": "Justin Swain" }, { "id": "20412467", "text": "Estelle Bajou Estelle Bajou is an actor, composer, musician, producer, and writer. Raised in the mountains of North Carolina, Bajou is a bilingual French-American, and has traveled throughout America, Europe, Latin America, Iraq and the Middle East for her work. At 19 years old, Bajou got her Bachelors magna cum laude in Theatre & Creative Writing from the Bard College at Simon's Rock. She also has an MFA in Acting: The New School for Drama. Some of her acting assignments include: Steven Spielberg's \"The Post\" (2017), Gino Dilorio's The Jag (2017), Chaplin of the Mountains (2013). She was an Understudy", "title": "Estelle Bajou" }, { "id": "3347108", "text": "pages—especially when what he thinks he knows is all wrong\"? In 1997, film historians Kim R. Holston and Tom Winchester noted that the film was \"Filmed in southeastern Pennsylvania at Valley Forge Studios, (and) this very famous piece of pop culture is a model of a decent movie on a small budget\". The poster for \"The Blob\" was briefly shown in Steven Spielberg's 2017 film \"The Post\" starring Tom Hanks and Meryl Streep. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: The Blob The Blob is a 1958 independently made American science-fiction horror film in color by", "title": "The Blob" }, { "id": "984475", "text": "edition of the \"Journal\" are printed at a state-of-the-art printing plant in the borough of The Bronx. Vincent Musetto's 1983 headline inspired Peter Koper to write the 1995 American black comedy \"Headless Body in Topless Bar\". \"Post\" front-page headlines have been featured in such films as \"The Manchurian Candidate\", \"North by Northwest\", \"Working Girl\", and \"Top Secret!\". New York Post The New York Post (sometimes abbreviated as NY Post) is a daily newspaper in New York City. The \"Post\" also operates the celebrity gossip site PageSix.com, the entertainment site Decider.com, and co-produces the television show \"Page Six TV\". The modern", "title": "New York Post" }, { "id": "2819799", "text": "million. After starring in \"Breaking Bad\", Odenkirk began to have more prominent roles in critically successful films, such as \"The Post\", \"The Disaster Artist\", \"The Spectacular Now\", which received the Special Jury Award for Acting at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, and the Alexander Payne-directed \"Nebraska\", which was nominated for a Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. In 1997, Odenkirk married Naomi Yomtov, who was later the executive producer of \"W/ Bob and David\". They have two children together. In discussing costume choices on \"Better Call Saul\", Odenkirk stated he has a bit of color blindness, and leaves", "title": "Bob Odenkirk" }, { "id": "14967939", "text": "Josh Singer Josh Singer (born 1972) is an American screenwriter and producer. He is best known for writing \"The Fifth Estate\" (2013), \"Spotlight\" (2015) and \"The Post\" (2017). He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for \"Spotlight\" and was nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Screenplay for \"Spotlight\" and \"The Post\". He also wrote the Damien Chazelle-directed \"First Man\" (2018). Singer attended Upper Dublin High School in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, where he appeared in musicals and was a member of math club, drama club, video club, and chorus. In high school, he was elected class treasurer, wrote", "title": "Josh Singer" }, { "id": "19850650", "text": "on September 7, 2018, by Vertigo Releasing. It received positive reviews and has grossed $1.4 million worldwide. Teenager Cameron Post (Chloë Grace Moretz) is caught by her boyfriend having a sexual encounter with another girl, Coley Taylor (Quinn Shephard) in the back of a car during prom night. Cameron's aunt Ruth, a devout Christian, sends Cameron to a gay conversion therapy centre for teenagers named God's Promise. It is run by the strict and severe Dr. Lydia Marsh (Jennifer Ehle) and her brother, Reverend Rick (John Gallagher Jr.), who claims that his sisters’ methods cured him of his own homosexuality", "title": "The Miseducation of Cameron Post (film)" }, { "id": "19734794", "text": "Hillary Clinton and the Democratic Party, at local bus stops. In December 2017, Sabo claimed credit for putting up posters (in a style heavily inspired by the works of Barbara Kruger) of actress Meryl Streep with producer Harvey Weinstein with the words \"She knew\" emblazoned across Streep's face, a reference to rumors that Streep had been aware that Weinstein was a serial sexual predator before the information became public. He said that he considered it retribution for Streep's role in the film \"The Post\" because he believed the film was a direct attack on Donald Trump. In January 2018, Sabo", "title": "Sabo (street artist)" }, { "id": "371486", "text": "of \"The Washington Post\"'s printing of the Pentagon Papers. Production began in New York on May 30, 2017. The film began a limited release on December 22, 2017, with a wide release following on January 12, 2018. Spielberg directed the film adaptation of the popular sci-fi novel \"Ready Player One\", by Ernest Cline. The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Simon Pegg and Mark Rylance. It began production in London in July 2016, a year before \"The Post\", which was filmed, edited and released during the lengthy, effects-heavy post-production period for \"Ready Player One\". \"Ready Player One\" was", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "id": "3681836", "text": "State Canal Corporation for less than the land's market value. Among other noteworthy investigations that made waves or caused change: In the summer of 2014, the newspaper began publishing stories from reporter John O’Brien, who dug up serious allegations about the 1994 disappearance of Heidi Allen. The reporting raised doubts about whether the wrong person was imprisoned for her presumed killing. In dozens of stories since then, O’Brien exposed flaws in the investigation and prosecution. In 2014, Douglass Dowty won a state Associated Press first-place award for a story exposing New York state’s secretive punishment of civil confinement. One of", "title": "The Post-Standard" }, { "id": "13809239", "text": "Comedy Series. In addition to her television work, Brie has starred in films such as \"Scream 4\" (2011), \"The Five-Year Engagement\" (2012), \"The Lego Movie\" (2014), \"Get Hard\" (2015), \"Sleeping with Other People\" (2015), \"How to Be Single\" (2016), \"The Little Hours\" (2017), \"The Disaster Artist\" (2017), and \"The Post\" (2017). Alison Brie Schermerhorn was born on December 29, 1982, in Hollywood, California. Her father, Charles Terry Schermerhorn, is a musician and freelance entertainment reporter. Her mother, Joanne Brenner, works at Para los Niños (\"For the Children\"), a non-profit childcare agency. She has an older sister named Lauren. Brie's mother", "title": "Alison Brie" }, { "id": "984405", "text": "a single newspaper in one year. \"Post\" journalists have also received 18 Nieman Fellowships and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards. In the early 1970s, in the best-known episode in the newspaper's history, reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led the American press' investigation into what became known as the Watergate scandal. Their reporting in \"The Washington Post\" greatly contributed to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. In years since, the \"Post\"'s investigations have led to increased review of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. In October 2013, the paper's longtime controlling family, the Graham family, sold the newspaper", "title": "The Washington Post" }, { "id": "1759668", "text": "Post\" (2017). He appears as himself in Ken Burns' 2017 documentary series, \"The Vietnam War\". Neil Sheehan Cornelius Mahoney \"Neil\" Sheehan (born October 27, 1936) is an American journalist. As a reporter for \"The New York Times\" in 1971, Sheehan obtained the classified Pentagon Papers from Daniel Ellsberg. His series of articles revealed a secret United States Department of Defense history of the Vietnam War and led to a US Supreme Court case, , when the United States government unsuccessfully attempted to halt publication. He received a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award for his 1988 book \"A Bright", "title": "Neil Sheehan" }, { "id": "20035257", "text": "limited opening weekend, December 22 to 24, it grossed $526,011 (and a total of $762,057 over the four-day Christmas weekend) from nine theaters. The following weekend, the film grossed $561,080 for a per-theater average of $62,342, one of the highest of 2017. The film had its wide release alongside the openings of \"The Commuter\", \"Paddington 2\" and \"Proud Mary\", and was projected to gross around $20 million from 2,819 theaters over the weekend. It made $5.9 million on its first day and $18.6 million over the weekend (and a four-day MLK weekend total of $23.4 million), finishing second at the", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "id": "984413", "text": "\"most famous newspaper typo\" in D.C. history according to \"Reason\" magazine; the \"Post\" intended to report that President Wilson had been \"entertaining\" his future-wife Mrs. Galt, but instead wrote that he had been \"entering\" Mrs. Galt. When John McLean died in 1916, he put the newspaper in trust, having little faith that his playboy son Edward \"Ned\" McLean could manage his inheritance. Ned went to court and broke the trust, but, under his management, the newspaper slumped toward ruin. He bled the paper for his lavish lifestyle, and used it to promote political agendas. In 1929, financier Eugene Meyer (who", "title": "The Washington Post" }, { "id": "14876301", "text": "law Shute had every right to express them, and \"Film Weekly\" had every right to publish them. The jury thought differently however and found in favour of Shurey, awarding £500 damages and costs against \"Film Weekly\". After its original release as a silent feature, a second version of \"The Last Post\" was issued in January 1930, adding a synchronised musical soundtrack and a spoken epilogue. Neither version is known to survive and the film is currently classified by the British Film Institute as \"missing, believed lost\". Due to its historical interest as a product of Britain's first female film director,", "title": "The Last Post (film)" }, { "id": "7023749", "text": "H. R. Haldeman—\"the second most important man in this country\"—and to former Attorney General John N. Mitchell, now head of CREEP. They learn that CREEP was financing a \"ratfucking\" campaign to sabotage Democratic presidential candidates a year \"before\" the Watergate burglary, when Nixon was lagging Edmund Muskie in the polls. While Bradlee's demand for thoroughness compels the reporters to obtain other sources to confirm the Haldeman connection, the White House issues a non-denial denial of the \"Post\"'s above-the-fold story. The editor continues to encourage investigation. Woodward again meets secretly with Deep Throat, and demands he be less evasive. Deep Throat", "title": "All the President's Men (film)" }, { "id": "540611", "text": "with film director Steven Spielberg on five films to date: \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"Catch Me If You Can\" (2002), \"The Terminal\" (2004), \"Bridge of Spies\" (2015), and \"The Post\" (2017), as well as the 2001 miniseries \"Band of Brothers\", which launched Hanks as a successful director, producer, and screenwriter. In 2010, Spielberg and Hanks were executive producers on the HBO miniseries \"The Pacific\". Hanks' films have grossed more than $4.5 billion at U.S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide, making him the fourth highest-grossing actor in North America. Hanks has been nominated for numerous awards", "title": "Tom Hanks" }, { "id": "2819782", "text": "at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in Los Angeles. In 2015, he and David Cross reunited, along with the rest of the \"Mr. Show\" cast, for \"W/ Bob & David\" on Netflix. Odenkirk co-wrote, produced and starred in the Netflix original film \"Girlfriend's Day\" which was released in 2017. The success of \"Breaking Bad\" and \"Better Call Saul\" led to acting work in high-profile projects, such as \"Nebraska\", directed by Alexander Payne, \"Fargo\", written by Noah Hawley, \"The Post\", directed by Steven Spielberg, and Disney/Pixar's \"Incredibles 2\", written and directed by Brad Bird. Odenkirk was born in Berwyn, Illinois, then", "title": "Bob Odenkirk" }, { "id": "984427", "text": "diplomat/communist spy Donald Maclean. The \"Post\" is credited with inventing the term \"McCarthyism\" in a 1950 editorial cartoon by Herbert Block. Depicting buckets of tar, it made fun of Sen. Joseph McCarthy's \"tarring\" tactics, i.e., smear campaigns and character assassination against those targeted by his accusations. Sen. McCarthy was attempting to do for the Senate what the House Un-American Activities Committee had been doing for years — investigating Soviet espionage in America. The HUAC made Richard Nixon nationally known for his role in the Hiss/Chambers case that exposed communist spying in the State Department. The committee had evolved from the", "title": "The Washington Post" }, { "id": "5542271", "text": "after he tries to stop the presses, which are already printing the papers with the wrong information. Martha is later rushed to the hospital for an emergency caesarean section due to uterine hemorrhaging. Alicia, accidentally shot by Sandusky in the bar and brought to the same hospital, has a change of heart. She calls the \"Sun\" office, has the print room stop the run, and the original headline is corrected to Henry's suggestion: \"They Didn't Do It\", along with McDougal's story. The new editions are printed just in time for the following morning's circulation. The movie ends with Martha giving", "title": "The Paper (film)" }, { "id": "984428", "text": "McCormack-Dickstein Committee of the 1930s. Phil Graham's friendship with JFK remained strong until their untimely deaths in 1963. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover reportedly told the new President Lyndon B. Johnson, \"I don't have much influence with the \"Post\" because I frankly don't read it. I view it like the \"Daily Worker\".\" Ben Bradlee became the editor-in-chief in 1968, and Kay Graham officially became the publisher in 1969, paving the way for the aggressive reporting of the \"Pentagon Papers\" and Watergate scandals. In the mid-1970s, some conservatives referred to the \"Post\" as \"\"Pravda\" on the Potomac\" because of its perceived", "title": "The Washington Post" }, { "id": "16907709", "text": "first shown January 22, 2018, at the Sundance Film Festival, where it won the U.S. Grand Jury Prize, the festival's highest honor. The Miseducation of Cameron Post The Miseducation of Cameron Post is a coming-of-age teen novel by Emily M. Danforth published in 2012. The novel's protagonist is Cameron Post, a 12-year-old Montana girl who is discovering her own homosexuality. After her parents die in a car crash, she is sent to live with her conservative aunt. She develops a romantic relationship with her best friend and is sent to a conversion camp. According to author Emily Danforth, the novel", "title": "The Miseducation of Cameron Post" }, { "id": "5542270", "text": "by the scene of the crime when they were caught. The reason for their arrest was largely due to city officials' insistence that the media portray the NYPD as being on top of such high-profile crimes immediately to keep NYC tourism from dropping. Henry and McDougal race back to the \"Sun\" office, excited about their exclusive for the paper. They discover that Alicia has approved the paper's original front-page headline and story stating that the teens were guilty, despite Henry and McDougal having just returned with the evidence proving otherwise. This results in a physical fight between Henry and Alicia,", "title": "The Paper (film)" }, { "id": "8991549", "text": "and an injured Postman ride out the winter in an abandoned cabin. When spring arrives, they cross the range and run into a girl, who claims to be a postal carrier. She reveals that Ford Lincoln Mercury organized a postal service based on the Postman's story. They have established communications with other settlements, creating a quasi-society and inadvertently spreading hope. Bethlehem is still fighting to suppress the postal carriers, who are mostly teenagers pitted against a better-equipped enemy. In the face of mounting casualties, the Postman orders everyone to disband and writes a surrender letter to Bethlehem. However, Bethlehem learns", "title": "The Postman (film)" }, { "id": "984463", "text": "the most serious allegation against the \"Post\" is that it is willing to contort its news coverage to suit Murdoch's business needs, in particular that the paper has avoided reporting anything that is unflattering to the government of the People's Republic of China, where Murdoch has invested heavily in satellite television. Critics say that the \"Post\" allows its editorial positions to shape its story selection and news coverage. Former \"Post\" executive editor Steven D. Cuozzo has responded that the \"Post\" \"broke the elitist media stranglehold on the national agenda.\" According to a survey conducted by Pace University in 2004, the", "title": "New York Post" }, { "id": "984406", "text": "to Nash Holdings, a holding company established by Jeff Bezos, for $250 million in cash. \"The Washington Post\" is regarded as one of the leading daily American newspapers, along with \"The New York Times\", the \"Los Angeles Times\", and \"The Wall Street Journal\". The \"Post\" has distinguished itself through its political reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress, and other aspects of the U.S. government. Unlike \"The New York Times\" and \"The Wall Street Journal\", \"The Washington Post\" does not print an edition for distribution away from the East Coast. In 2009, the newspaper ceased publication of its", "title": "The Washington Post" }, { "id": "17038175", "text": "the FBI, who wanted him to write an article about Martin Luther King Jr's alleged infidelities which they had uncovered through wiretaps. Patterson told them \"We're not a peephole journal. We don't print that kind of stuff.\" Patterson was appointed managing editor of \"The Washington Post\" in 1968. After the Nixon administration had blocked the \"New York Times\" from the continued publication of the \"Pentagon Papers\", which revealed how President Lyndon Johnson had withheld information about the progress of the nation's waging of the Vietnam War from the United States Congress, he was responsible for the \"Post\"'s publication of the", "title": "Eugene Patterson" }, { "id": "9377684", "text": "films: \"The Lovers\", \"Lady Bird\" and \"The Post\". The latter two films were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture; \"Lady Bird\" garnered Letts a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture nomination. Letts wrote the screenplays of three films adapted from his own plays: \"Bug\" and \"Killer Joe\", both directed by William Friedkin, and \"\", directed by John Wells. His 2009 play \"Superior Donuts\" was adapted into a television series of the same name. 2019 will mark his first screenplay not to be adapted from his own work, with \"The Woman", "title": "Tracy Letts" }, { "id": "2530881", "text": "screenplay from a novel by Dan Wakefield into a film \"The Washington Post\" called \"a good-humored, heartening update of traditional romantic comedy\" unlike the \"drab\" novel. Brooks' next project came in 1983, when he wrote, produced and directed \"Terms of Endearment\", adapting the screenplay from Larry McMurtry's novel of the same name. It cost $8.5 million and took four years to film. Brooks won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Director and Adapted Screenplay. Brooks was fearful of the attention Oscar success would bring as he would be \"deprived of a low profile\", finding it \"hard to work with the", "title": "James L. Brooks" } ]

[ "2018" ]

[ { "id": "19192984", "text": "Italy won all of their qualifying matches except for a 1–1 draw at home to Macedonia, as well as a 1–1 draw with Spain at home on 6 October 2016, and a 3–0 loss away to Spain on 2 September 2017, Italy finished in Group G in second place, five points behind Spain. Italy were then required to go through the play-off against Sweden. After a 1–0 aggregate loss to Sweden, on 13 November 2017, Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the first time they failed to qualify for the World Cup since 1958. Immediately following", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "2283826", "text": "13 November 2017, Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the first time they failed to qualify for the World Cup since 1958. Immediately following the match, veterans Giorgio Chiellini, Andrea Barzagli, Daniele De Rossi and captain Gianluigi Buffon all declared their retirement from the national team. On 15 November 2017, Ventura was dismissed as head coach and on 20 November 2017, Carlo Tavecchio resigned as president of the Italian Football Federation. On 5 February 2018, the Italy U21 manager Luigi Di Biagio was appointed as the caretaker manager of the senior team. On 17 March 2018,", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "4483058", "text": "Luigi Di Biagio. Mancini was appointed manager six months after Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup under Gian Piero Ventura, after a play-off defeat to Sweden in November 2017—the first time Italy had failed to qualify for the tournament since the 1958 FIFA World Cup. Mancini's contract is incentive-based as his contract runs until 2020, however, he would be given an automatic extension if Italy qualify for UEFA Euro 2020. On 28 May 2018, Italy won their first match under Mancini, a 2–1 victory in a friendly over Saudi Arabia. Despite having been a support striker", "title": "Roberto Mancini" }, { "id": "10498821", "text": "team's opening 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification tie away to Israel, 3–1. On 9 August 2017, his contract was extended until 2020. Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup after a 1–0 aggregate loss to Sweden in the play-offs; this was the first time since the 1958 FIFA World Cup that Italy had failed to qualify for the tournament. In the events after the match, Ventura stated, \"I apologised to Italians for this result. It's horrible to see a World Cup without Italy, but it's done now and I can't do anything about it.\" Also when asked", "title": "Gian Piero Ventura" }, { "id": "4846108", "text": "On 10 November, he made his 117th international appearance in a 1–0 away defeat to Sweden, in the first leg of the World Cup play-offs, overtaking Pirlo as Italy's fourth-most capped player of all time; this proved to be his final international appearance. Following a 0–0 home draw in the second leg on 13 November, Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup after a 1–0 aggregate loss to Sweden. Immediately following the match, De Rossi announced his retirement from the national team. Although De Rossi did not feature during the second leg, he was at the centre", "title": "Daniele De Rossi" }, { "id": "6677319", "text": "on 27 August, he was officially called up to the national team once again for a friendly match against France on 1 September, and for Italy's first 2018 World Cup qualification match on 5 September, against Israel. He made his return to international football in Italy's 3–1 friendly home defeat to France. Italy finished in Group G in second place behind Spain, and advanced to the play-off against Sweden. Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup after a 1–0 aggregate loss to Sweden in November 2017. Immediately following the second leg on 13 November – a 0–0", "title": "Andrea Barzagli" }, { "id": "3122479", "text": "in Italy's World Cup qualifying campaign as they finished top of their group, undefeated. In the 2010 World Cup, Buffon was replaced at half-time in Italy's 1–1 draw in their opening group stage match against Paraguay after he had a problem with his sciatic nerve. He did not play again in the tournament and was substituted by Federico Marchetti. Reigning champions Italy disappointed and failed to win a match, finishing last in their group with just two points earned. Lippi was dismissed after Italy's premature elimination from the World Cup. After the international retirement of Fabio Cannavaro, Buffon became the", "title": "Gianluigi Buffon" }, { "id": "2283825", "text": "first competitive match in charge of Italy, the team's opening 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Israel at Haifa, which ended in a 3–1 victory for Italy. After Italy won all of their qualifying matches except for a 1–1 draw at home to Macedonia, as well as a 1–1 draw with Spain at home on 6 October 2016, and a 3–0 loss away to Spain on 2 September 2017, Italy finished in Group G in second place, five points behind Spain. Italy were then required to go through the play-off against Sweden. After a 1–0 aggregate loss to Sweden, on", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "3122388", "text": "was the starting goalkeeper of the squad that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. He also represented Italy at four European Championships, at the 1996 Olympics, and at two FIFA Confederations Cups, winning a bronze medal in the 2013 edition of the tournament. He retired from international football in 2017, after Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, although he later came out of retirement for the team's friendlies the following year, before officially confirming his international retirement in May 2018. Buffon was the runner-up for the Ballon d'Or in 2006, and was elected to", "title": "Gianluigi Buffon" }, { "id": "2283776", "text": "Serie A titles. Italy did not advance further than the first round of the 1950 World Cup, as they were weakened severely due to the air disaster. The team had travelled by boat rather than by plane, fearing another accident. In the World Cup finals of 1954 and 1962, Italy failed to progress past the first round, and did not qualify for the 1958 World Cup due to a 2–1 defeat to Northern Ireland in the last match of the qualifying round. Italy did not take part in the first edition of the European Championship in 1960 (then known as", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "2283810", "text": "Group F alongside three underdog teams: Paraguay, New Zealand and Slovakia. At the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, reigning champions Italy were unexpectedly eliminated in the first round, finishing last place in their group. After being held to 1–1 draws by Paraguay and New Zealand, they suffered a 3–2 loss to Slovakia. It was the first time Italy failed to win a single game at a World Cup finals tournament, and in doing so became the third nation to be eliminated in the first round while holding the World Cup crown; the first being Brazil in 1966 and the", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "19192968", "text": "the group on goals scored, and were eliminated. The national football team of Italy qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup after playing home games at Stadio Friuli, Stadio Via del Mare, Stadio San Nicola, Stadio Olimpico di Torino and Stadio Ennio Tardini. In October 2009, they achieved qualification after drawing with the Republic of Ireland 2–2. On 4 December 2009, the draw for the World Cup was made: Italy would be in Group F alongside three underdog teams: Paraguay, New Zealand and Slovakia. At the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, reigning champions Italy were unexpectedly eliminated in the", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "10498823", "text": "one draw in his first four matches in charge, Ventura announced his resignation, and on 13 November 2018, his contract was consensually resolved. Gian Piero Ventura Gian Piero Ventura (; born 14 January 1948) is an Italian football manager and former player, who was last head coach of Chievo. He was formerly in charge of the Italy national team between 2016 and 2017 until Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Ventura grew up playing in the Sampdoria youth system. Unable to land a place in the first team, he played almost exclusively in Serie D, with", "title": "Gian Piero Ventura" }, { "id": "19192935", "text": "weakened severely due to the air disaster. The team had travelled by boat rather than by plane, fearing another accident. In the World Cup finals of 1954 and 1962, Italy failed to progress past the first round, and did not qualify for the 1958 World Cup due to a 2–1 defeat to Northern Ireland in the last match of the qualifying round. Italy did not take part in the first edition of the European Championship in 1960 (then known as the European Nations Cup), and was knocked out by the Soviet Union in the first round of the 1964 European", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "16503873", "text": "that he wanted to switch to the Brazilian national team. He later made his first competitive appearance for Italy under manager Ventura in a 0–0 home draw against Sweden on 13 November, in the second leg of the World Cup play-offs against Sweden, at the San Siro in Milan; however, Italy's 1–0 away loss in the first leg on 10 November saw Sweden advance on aggregate, meaning that Italy had failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in 60 years. On 7 September 2018, in Italy's first UEFA Nations League match at home to Poland in", "title": "Jorginho (footballer, born 1991)" }, { "id": "19192986", "text": "March friendlies against Argentina and England in which Italy were defeated and drew respectively, on 12 April 2018, Italy dropped six places to their lowest FIFA World Ranking at the time, to 20th place. On 14 May 2018, Roberto Mancini was announced as the new manager. On 28 May 2018, Italy won their first match under Mancini, a 2–1 victory in a friendly over Saudi Arabia. On 16 August 2018, in the FIFA World Ranking that followed the 2018 World Cup, Italy dropped two places to their lowest ever ranking, to 21st place. On 7 September 2018, Italy participated in", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "4868597", "text": "the Golden Ball award, although he failed to place amongst the top three players of the tournament, as the awards went to Neymar, Iniesta, and Paulinho, respectively. Pirlo scored one goal during Italy's qualification campaign for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which saw them top their group, undefeated. Pirlo converted a penalty as Italy dispatched Armenia by a score of 3–1 on 12 October 2012, and assisted several goals during the World Cup qualifying campaign. On 5 June 2014, Pirlo was selected by Italy manager Cesare Prandelli as part of his 23-man squad for the World Cup in Brazil. On", "title": "Andrea Pirlo" }, { "id": "3295148", "text": "team, he replied, \"I hope there are none.\" He later issued a statement saying he had been misinterpreted. Despite not featuring during the qualification campaign, Cassano was selected in Italy's squad for the 2014 World Cup. On 20 June 2014, at the age of 31, Cassano made his World Cup debut as a substitute in a 1–0 loss to Costa Rica. He also appeared as a substitute in Italy's 1–0 defeat to Uruguay, in their final group match on 24 June, which resulted in Italy's elimination in the first round of the tournament for the second consecutive time. Cassano was", "title": "Antonio Cassano" }, { "id": "12932035", "text": "19 minutes of a 4–2 defeat. He returned in the third-place play-off, playing the entire match and scoring a penalty in the shootout which Italy won against Uruguay. El Shaarawy was not included in Italy's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad, after missing most of the 2013–14 season through injury. On 10 October 2015, El Shaarawy, ended a three-year goal drought, scoring the winning goal in Italy's 3–1 away win over Azerbaijan in a European qualifying match; this was his first international goal since November 2012, and the win guaranteed Italy a place at Euro 2016. On 31 May 2016, he", "title": "Stephan El Shaarawy" }, { "id": "2283824", "text": "the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification Italy were placed into the second pot due to being in 17th place in the FIFA World Rankings at the time of the group draws; Italy were drawn with Spain from pot one on 25 July 2015. After Conte's planned departure following Euro 2016, Gian Piero Ventura took over as manager for the team, on 18 July 2016, signing a two-year contract. His first match at the helm was a friendly against France, held at the Stadio San Nicola on 1 September, which ended in a 3–1 loss. Four days later, he won his", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "5668203", "text": "players to escort their Italian counterparts off the field while the police dealt with the crowd. Northern Ireland qualified. This was the only time that Italy failed to qualify for the World Cup until their failure to qualify for the 2018 World Cup in Russia. Scotland qualified. The 9 teams were divided into 3 groups of 3 teams each. The teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners would qualify. Brazil qualified. Argentina qualified. Paraguay qualified. There were two rounds of play: Mexico advanced to the Final Round. Costa Rica advanced to the Final Round. Territory", "title": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification" }, { "id": "19612718", "text": "G, leaving Italy in second place five points behind. Italy were then required to go through the play-off against Sweden. After a 1–0 aggregate loss to Sweden, on 13 November 2017, Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup for the first time since 1958. Italy–Spain football rivalry The Italy–Spain football rivalry, sometimes referred to as the \"Mediterranean derby\", is a football rivalry between the national football teams of Italy and Spain, the two countries having achieved five FIFA World Cups between them. They have played against each other three times in the World Cup and six times", "title": "Italy–Spain football rivalry" }, { "id": "18222569", "text": "the Italian Football Federation. On 6 March 2017, Tavecchio was re elected as president of the Italian Football Federation for a second term. On 21 April 2017, Tavecchio was nominated commissioner of the Lega Serie A. On 20 November 2017, Tavecchio resigned as Italian Football Federation president, seven days after Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the first time they failed to qualify for the World Cup since 1958. On 7 October 2014, Tavecchio was banned by UEFA for racist remarks for six months: He was not allowed to hold any position in UEFA, and was", "title": "Carlo Tavecchio" }, { "id": "7419392", "text": "a 2–0 win over reigning European champions Spain and helped Italy record their third clean-sheet of the tournament. Italy were eliminated from the competition in a 6–5 penalty shoot-out defeat to reigning World Cup champions Germany in the quarter-finals, on 2 July. In Italy's opening 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Israel on 5 September 2016, Chiellini earned his 90th international cap, but was later given his first ever national team red card after a second bookable offense in the 55th minute of an eventual 3–1 away win; causing him to miss the next group match against Spain on", "title": "Giorgio Chiellini" }, { "id": "10224379", "text": "his spark and he needs that because he is just a little behind. The problem with Giovinco is the same. How long would it take to get him to show that spark?\" Italy failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in 60 years, with Giovinco's agent claiming that the team should have selected him. On 5 October 2018, Giovinco was called up, for the first time in three years, by new manager Roberto Mancini for a friendly match on 10 October against Ukraine and a UEFA Nations League match against Poland on 14 October. Giovinco is", "title": "Sebastian Giovinco" }, { "id": "14051970", "text": "part to Spain's defeat to Switzerland in their Group H game. Italy, placed last, making it the first time since 1974 that the Italians did not advance beyond the first round. \"All times local (UTC+02)\" 2010 FIFA World Cup Group F Group F of the 2010 FIFA World Cup began on 14 June 2010 and ended on 24 June 2010. The group consisted of 2006 winner Italy, Paraguay, New Zealand and Slovakia. Italy and Paraguay previously met in the first round of the 1950 tournament, with Italy winning 2–0; neither qualified for the next round. Italy were eliminated from the", "title": "2010 FIFA World Cup Group F" }, { "id": "3122631", "text": "After Marcello Lippi's reappointment as the national team's manager following Euro 2008, Totti announced that he would play in the 2010 World Cup finals in South Africa if he were to receive a call-up; however, there was no official statement release from Totti or Lippi about a possible comeback. For the final tournament, Totti was not named in the 23-man squad, and Italy was subsequently eliminated, failing to win a match and finishing last in their group, their worst-ever World Cup performance. Diego Maradona and former national teammates Fabio Cannavaro and Gianluigi Buffon said one of the reasons for Italy's", "title": "Francesco Totti" }, { "id": "3122499", "text": "away loss in the first leg on 10 November saw Sweden advance on aggregate, meaning that Italy had failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in 60 years. Although he had originally intended to retire after competing in the 2018 World Cup, following the match and Italy's failure to qualify the tournament, an emotional and tearful Buffon communicated his retirement from international football, stating: \"I'm not sorry for myself but all of Italian football. We failed at something which also means something on a social level. There's regret at finishing like that, not because time passes.", "title": "Gianluigi Buffon" }, { "id": "6870531", "text": "Italy's 3–0 friendly win against Northern Ireland in Pescara on 11 October, three years after his last cap for Italy. He eventually made the squad for the final tournament, but did not play, as Italy reached the final. His final match for Italy came on 16 October 2012, in a 3–1 win over Denmark in a 2014 World Cup qualifier. On 26 March 2013, the day of his 36th birthday, he announced that he would be retiring from international football after Italy's World Cup qualifier against Malta later that day. In total, he made 6 appearances for Italy. A reliable", "title": "Morgan De Sanctis" }, { "id": "9310205", "text": "in November 2014 but was unable to make a single appearance for Italy due to injury. After a lackluster season with Milan, he was omitted from Conte's 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016. After Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 World Cup, Balotelli was expected to be called up by caretaker manager Luigi Di Biagio for Italy's March 2018 friendlies, after the replacement of Gian Piero Ventura. However, Balotelli was officially omitted from the squad on 17 March 2018. On 19 May 2018, Balotelli was called-up for the first time since November 2014 by newly appointed manager Roberto Mancini", "title": "Mario Balotelli" }, { "id": "2283809", "text": "the tournament by a score of 3–1 against the United States, but subsequent defeats to Egypt (0–1) and Brazil (0–3) meant that they only finished third in the group on goals scored, and were eliminated. The national football team of Italy qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup after playing home games at Stadio Friuli, Stadio Via del Mare, Stadio San Nicola, Stadio Olimpico di Torino and Stadio Ennio Tardini. In October 2009, they achieved qualification after drawing with the Republic of Ireland 2–2. On 4 December 2009, the draw for the World Cup was made: Italy would be in", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "7524614", "text": "penalty in the resulting shoot-out. On 11 October 2013, Aquilani scored the late equalizing goal in Italy's 2–2 away draw against Denmark during the team's 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign; this was his fifth goal for Italy. He was an unused member of Italy's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad, as the Italians suffered a group-stage elimination. Aquilani is a modern, hard-working and versatile playmaker who is capable of functioning in a number of midfield roles, from a holding role as a deep-lying playmaker, to a more advanced trequartista or attacking midfielder. His favoured position is that of central midfielder", "title": "Alberto Aquilani" }, { "id": "2283770", "text": "following two World Cup tournaments, and also failed to qualify for the 1958 edition—failure to qualify for the World Cup would not happen again until the 2018 edition. Italy returned to form by 1968, winning a European Championship (1968), and after a period of alternating unsuccessful qualification rounds in Europe, later appeared in two other finals (2000, 2012). Italy's highest finish at the FIFA Confederations Cup was in 2013, where the squad achieved a third-place finish. The team is known as \"Gli Azzurri\" (The Blues) as blue is the traditional colour of the national teams representing Italy due to the", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "19192983", "text": "the group draws; Italy were drawn with Spain from pot one on 25 July 2015. After Conte's planned departure following Euro 2016, Gian Piero Ventura took over as manager for the team, on 18 July 2016, signing a two-year contract. His first match at the helm was a friendly against France, held at the Stadio San Nicola on 1 September, which ended in a 3–1 loss. Four days later, he won his first competitive match in charge of Italy, the team's opening 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Israel at Haifa, which ended in a 3–1 victory for Italy. After", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "14904017", "text": "the 32-man preliminary squad for UEFA Euro 2012 in Poland and Ukraine, but was not included in the final squad for the tournament. On 15 August 2012, he made his debut with the Italy national team, starting in a 1–2 friendly loss to England at Wembley Stadium. He was substituted off for fellow debutant Diego Fabbrini in the 84th minute. In Destro's third appearance, on 11 September, he scored his first international goal in the first five minutes of Italy's 2–0 win against Malta at the Stadio Alberto Braglia in Modena, in Italy's second 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying match.", "title": "Mattia Destro" }, { "id": "10498809", "text": "Gian Piero Ventura Gian Piero Ventura (; born 14 January 1948) is an Italian football manager and former player, who was last head coach of Chievo. He was formerly in charge of the Italy national team between 2016 and 2017 until Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Ventura grew up playing in the Sampdoria youth system. Unable to land a place in the first team, he played almost exclusively in Serie D, with the exception of the 1970–71 season in Serie C with USD Enna, with whom he made nine appearances. Ventura began his career as", "title": "Gian Piero Ventura" }, { "id": "5091190", "text": "the Italian 2010 FIFA World Cup squad. He started Italy's first game on the group stage against Paraguay, which ended in a 1–1 draw. The tournament was a disaster for Italy and the team was eliminated in the group stage. After the embarrassment that was the 2010 World Cup, Cesare Prandelli was chosen as Italy's new coach. On 7 September 2010, Gilardino scored the first goal in the 5–0 victory against the Faroe Islands in the second qualification match for Euro 2012. On 29 March 2011, Gilardino was made captain in a friendly match between Ukraine-Italy (0–2) held in Kiev,", "title": "Alberto Gilardino" }, { "id": "18920504", "text": "Italy failed to qualify for the World Cup for the first time since 1958. There were 13 goals scored in 8 matches, for an average of 13/8 round 2 goals per match. A player is automatically suspended for the next match for the following offences: The following suspensions were served during the qualifying matches: 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round The UEFA Second Round was contested by the best eight runners-up from the nine first round groups from the UEFA segment of the qualification tournament for the 2018 FIFA World Cup final tournament. The winners — Croatia,", "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Second Round" }, { "id": "19192978", "text": "bit defender Giorgio Chiellini on the shoulder but was not sent off. Uruguay went on to score moments later in the 81st minute with a Diego Godín header from a corner kick, winning the game 1–0 and eliminating Italy. This marked Italy's second consecutive failure to reach the round of 16 at the World Cup finals. Shortly after this loss, coach Cesare Prandelli resigned. The successful former Juventus manager Antonio Conte was selected to replace Cesare Prandelli as coach after the 2014 World Cup. Conte's debut as manager was against 2014 World Cup semi-finalists the Netherlands, in which Italy won", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "5106844", "text": "FIFA World Cup, which Italy went on to win. On 16 August 2006, Ambrosini earned his 23rd cap for Italy after almost two years of absence from the squad in a 2–0 friendly home defeat to Croatia; for this match, he was given the captain's armband by coach Roberto Donadoni in the absence of regular contenders for the armband. He was then called up by the national side's manager to Italy's squad for UEFA Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland, appearing in all four of his nation's matches throughout the tournament, as Italy were eliminated in the quarter-finals of the", "title": "Massimo Ambrosini" }, { "id": "15082758", "text": "(infuriated by the postponement and quite rough play from some Italian players) invaded the pitch. The 'friendly' match was dubbed the 'Battle of Belfast'. Danny Blanchflower, Northern Ireland captain at the time, helped save the situation by ordering his players to escort their Italian counterparts off the field while the police dealt with the crowd. Northern Ireland qualified. This was the only time that Italy failed to qualify for the World Cup until their failure to qualify for the 2018 World Cup in Russia. Scotland qualified. 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA) Listed below are the dates and results for", "title": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)" }, { "id": "2283827", "text": "despite the initial decision to retire by veterans Buffon and Chiellini, they were both called up for Italy's March 2018 friendlies by caretaker manager Di Biagio. Following the March friendlies against Argentina and England in which Italy were defeated and drew respectively, on 12 April 2018, Italy dropped six places to their lowest FIFA World Ranking at the time, to 20th place. On 14 May 2018, Roberto Mancini was announced as the new manager. On 28 May 2018, Italy won their first match under Mancini, a 2–1 victory in a friendly over Saudi Arabia. On 16 August 2018, in the", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "7524612", "text": "victory over France. He started Italy's quarter-final match against Spain due to the suspensions of Andrea Pirlo and Gennaro Gattuso. Italy lost 4–2 in a penalty shootout after a goalless draw after extra time. Aquilani scored his first goal for Italy during the 2010 World Cup qualification match against Montenegro on 15 October 2008, a tally he doubled later in the same match. In spite of this, the national team manager Marcello Lippi opted not to include him in the 23-man Italian squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In Italy's UEFA Euro 2012 qualification campaign, Aquilani played his first", "title": "Alberto Aquilani" }, { "id": "8250015", "text": "FIFA Confederations Cup for Italy, making three appearances in the group stage before suffering an injury which kept him out of the semi-finals, as Italy went on to win a bronze medal. Nearly two years after his debut, Abate scored his first international goal in a friendly match against Germany in November 2013, which ended in a 1–1 draw. He was part of Cesare Prandelli's 23-man Italy squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup held in Brazil, making 1 appearance throughout the tournament, in Italy's 1–0 defeat against Costa Rica in their second group match, as Italy were eliminated in", "title": "Ignazio Abate" }, { "id": "18548377", "text": "ended on 14 November 2017. Belgium, England, France, Germany, Iceland (for the first time), Poland, Portugal, Serbia, and Spain qualified in the first round by winning their groups. Croatia, Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland qualified by winning their playoffs. Four-time champions Italy missed out on qualification for the first time since 1958 after losing in the playoffs to Sweden, while the Netherlands failed to qualify for the tournament for the first time since 2002 after finishing third in 2014, and second in 2010. Iceland, with 335,000 inhabitants, became the smallest country ever to qualify for the World Cup finals. Apart from", "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)" }, { "id": "10380083", "text": "eliminated in the first round for a second consecutive World Cup. On 16 November 2014, Candreva scored his first international goal in a 1–1 Euro 2016 qualifier draw against Croatia. On 12 June 2015, he scored Italy's equalising goal, from a Panenka style penalty, in the 36th minute of a 1–1 Euro 2016 qualifier away draw against Croatia in an empty Split stadium. On 10 October 2015, he assisted Stephan El Shaarawy's match-winning goal in Italy's 3–1 away win over Azerbaijan in a European qualifying match; the win guaranteed Italy a place at Euro 2016. On 31 May 2016, he", "title": "Antonio Candreva" }, { "id": "2283821", "text": "24 points; four points clear of second placed Croatia. However, with a similar fate to the 2014 World Cup group stage draw, Italy were not top seeded into the first pot. This had Italy see a draw with Belgium, Sweden and the Republic of Ireland in Group E. On 4 April 2016, it was announced that Antonio Conte would step down as Italy coach after Euro 2016 to become head coach of English club Chelsea at the start of the 2016–17 Premier League season. The 23-man squad, which was initially criticized by many fans and members of the media for", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "7268916", "text": "as a substitute for Mauro Camoranesi. Pasqual also attracted the attention of Roberto Donadoni, who succeeded Lippi. Donadoni called-up Pasqual for Italy's UEFA Euro 2008 qualification matches against Lithuania and France in September, and matches against Ukraine and Georgia in October. On 10 September 2013, he was capped by Italy coach Cesare Prandelli in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifier against the Czech Republic. He was named in Prandelli's 30-man provisional squad for the final tournament on 13 May 2014, but was cut from the final 23-man squad named on 1 June. Manuel Pasqual Manuel Pasqual (; born 13 March", "title": "Manuel Pasqual" }, { "id": "15954208", "text": "games out of five, including the third-place match against Uruguay that Italy won on penalties following a 2–2 draw after extra time, even though De Sciglio had missed his spot kick in the eventual 3–2 win. After appearing in Italy's 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign, De Sciglio was chosen under Prandelli to take part at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He made his World Cup debut during the tournament, starting in Italy's final group match against Uruguay, although Italy were eliminated in the first round following a 1–0 defeat. On 31 May 2016, De Sciglio was named to Antonio", "title": "Mattia De Sciglio" }, { "id": "19192949", "text": "a pain-killer injection and a heavily bandaged hamstring, missed the final penalty kick of the match, shooting over the crossbar. Italy did not progress beyond the group stage at the finals of Euro 1996. Having defeated Russia 2–1 but losing to the Czech Republic by the same score, Italy required a win to be sure of progressing. Gianfranco Zola failed to convert a decisive penalty in a 0–0 draw against Germany, who eventually won the tournament. During the qualifying campaign for the 1998 World Cup, Italy drew 0–0 to England on the last day of Group 2 matches as Italy", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "19192969", "text": "first round, finishing last place in their group. After being held to 1–1 draws by Paraguay and New Zealand, they suffered a 3–2 loss to Slovakia. It was the first time Italy failed to win a single game at a World Cup finals tournament, and in doing so became the third nation to be eliminated in the first round while holding the World Cup crown; the first being Brazil in 1966 and the second France in 2002. Coincidentally, France who had been Italy's adversaries and the losing finalist in the 2006 World Cup, were also eliminated without winning a game", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "2283820", "text": "to replace Cesare Prandelli as coach after the 2014 World Cup. Conte's debut as manager was against 2014 World Cup semi-finalists the Netherlands, in which Italy won 2–0. Italy's first defeat under Conte came ten games in to his empowerment from a 1–0 international friendly loss against Portugal on 16 June 2015. On 10 October 2015, Italy qualified for Euro 2016, courtesy of a 3–1 win over Azerbaijan; the result meant that Italy had managed to go 50 games unbeaten in European qualifiers. Three days later, with a 2–1 win over Norway, Italy topped their Euro 2016 qualifying group with", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "2283819", "text": "a questionable tackle. Later in the 80th minute, with the teams knotted at 0–0 which would have sent Italy to the next round, Uruguayan striker Luis Suárez bit defender Giorgio Chiellini on the shoulder but was not sent off. Uruguay went on to score moments later in the 81st minute with a Diego Godín header from a corner kick, winning the game 1–0 and eliminating Italy. This marked Italy's second consecutive failure to reach the round of 16 at the World Cup finals. Shortly after this loss, coach Cesare Prandelli resigned. The successful former Juventus manager Antonio Conte was selected", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "4735115", "text": "of Donadoni, Italy was eliminated at UEFA Euro 2008 at the quarter-final stage, prompting Donadoni's dismissal. On 26 June 2008, Lippi was re-appointed as coach of Italy. For the 2010 World Cup, Lippi selected mostly veterans of the victorious 2006 squad, omitting younger players such as Mario Balotelli and Giuseppe Rossi, in addition to notable players such as Antonio Cassano. Italy's performance at the 2010 World Cup was extremely poor, drawing 1–1 with both Paraguay and New Zealand before losing 3–2 to Slovakia and finishing bottom of the group. Lippi resigned after the Slovakia defeat, and was succeeded by Cesare", "title": "Marcello Lippi" }, { "id": "19192979", "text": "2–0. Italy's first defeat under Conte came ten games in to his empowerment from a 1–0 international friendly loss against Portugal on 16 June 2015. On 10 October 2015, Italy qualified for Euro 2016, courtesy of a 3–1 win over Azerbaijan; the result meant that Italy had managed to go 50 games unbeaten in European qualifiers. Three days later, with a 2–1 win over Norway, Italy topped their Euro 2016 qualifying group with 24 points; four points clear of second placed Croatia. However, with a similar fate to the 2014 World Cup group stage draw, Italy were not top seeded", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "3295145", "text": "In September 2006, Cassano was called up by new manager Roberto Donadoni for Euro 2008 qualifiers against Lithuania and France. However, he was not selected again until surprisingly being included in the Euro 2008 squad. He went scoreless in the tournament as Italy were eliminated in the quarter-finals by eventual champions Spain after a penalty shootout. Lippi returned as coach for the 2010 World Cup qualification campaign and did not select Cassano during the qualifying matches or the 2010 World Cup finals. After a two-year absence from the \"Azzurri\", and following widespread criticism from the media towards Lippi about his", "title": "Antonio Cassano" }, { "id": "16897715", "text": "a substitute for Elio De Silvestro) and appeared in two friendlies before the elite round of the competition. On 5 November 2016, Politano was called up to the senior squad for the first time for the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Liechtenstein and a friendly match against Germany by manager Gian Piero Ventura. He later made his senior international debut for the national team on 28 May 2018, under manager Roberto Mancini, starting for Italy in a 2–1 friendly win over Saudi Arabia. On 20 November 2018, he scored his first goal for Italy on his second cap", "title": "Matteo Politano" }, { "id": "3927917", "text": "performances, which saw Italy keep five clean sheets and concede only two goals, neither of which were in open play. He was awarded the Silver Ball after being named the tournament's second-best player. In 2009, Cannavaro overtook Maldini as the most capped player in the country's history. He retired from international football on 25 June 2010 following Italy's failure to qualify for the knockout stages of the 2010 World Cup, having amassed 136 caps and 2 goals for the senior national team. In total, he has represented Italy at four World Cups, two UEFA European Championships, the 1996 Summer Olympics", "title": "Fabio Cannavaro" }, { "id": "9310201", "text": "the Stade de Genève. Five days later, he scored both goals as Italy defeated Malta in a World Cup qualifier, continuing his prolific scoring streak for both club and country since signing for A.C. Milan. On 7 June 2013, Balotelli was sent-off in a 0–0 draw with the Czech Republic in Prague. On 10 September 2013, Balotelli scored the winning goal in a World Cup qualifying match against the Czech Republic in Turin which allowed Italy to clinch the first place spot in their qualifying group and ultimately achieve their objective of qualifying for the 2014 World Cup. Balotelli finished", "title": "Mario Balotelli" }, { "id": "8276659", "text": "Romania, coming on as a second-half substitute for Alessandro Del Piero. Italy then bowed out of the tournament on penalties to eventual champions Spain in the quarter-finals. Quagliarella was subsequently called up to Italy's 23-man squad for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup in South Africa under returning manager Marcello Lippi; his only appearance throughout the tournament came in Italy's second group match, a 1–0 defeat to Egypt. Italy were disappointingly eliminated from the tournament in the group stage following a 3–0 defeat to eventual champions Brazil in their final group match. Quagliarella was also included in the final 23-man Italian", "title": "Fabio Quagliarella" }, { "id": "2283828", "text": "FIFA World Ranking that followed the 2018 World Cup, Italy dropped two places to their lowest ever ranking, to 21st place. On 7 September 2018, Italy participated in the inaugural UEFA Nations League, drawing their first match of the tournament against Poland in Bologna with a score of 1–1. The first shirt worn by the Italian national team in its debut with France on 15 May 1910, was white. This choice was due to the fact that the agreement on the official uniform had not yet been reached, and therefore it was decided not to colour it leaving it white.", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "12545588", "text": "2010 edition of the tournament in South Africa, when he replaced the injured starter Gianluigi Buffon at half time during Italy's opening Group F clash with Paraguay, which ended in a 1–1 draw. Marchetti kept a clean sheet, as Italy were already 1–0 down at the time of his introduction. In Marchetti's next two matches, he allowed four goals from five shots on goal, as Italy suffered a 1–1 draw against New Zealand, and a 3–2 defeat to Slovakia, and were ultimately eliminated from the tournament in the first round, failing to win a match, and finishing last in their", "title": "Federico Marchetti" }, { "id": "3295144", "text": "1–1 draw with Sweden in which he scored. In Italy's final group match, which ended in a 2–1 victory over Bulgaria, he was named man of the match, as he was involved in Simone Perrotta's equaliser, and also netted the last-minute winner, but Italy were eliminated in the group stage on direct encounters after a three-way, five-point tie with Denmark and Sweden. After a poor season with Real Madrid, Cassano was left off coach Marcello Lippi's final roster for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The \"Azzurri\" went on to lift the trophy in Berlin, beating France in a penalty shootout.", "title": "Antonio Cassano" }, { "id": "7419393", "text": "6 October, an eventual 1–1 draw. Chiellini also missed the return match against Spain on 2 September 2017, an eventual 3–0 away loss, as well as the return march against Israel on 5 September, an eventual 1–0 home win, with a calf injury. On 9 October, Chiellini made his 94th appearance for Italy in a 1–0 away victory over Albania in a World Cup qualifier, equalling Giacinto Facchetti as the nation's joint-eighth highest appearance holder of all time. Italy finished in Group G in second place behind Spain, and advanced to the play-off against Sweden. Italy failed to qualify for", "title": "Giorgio Chiellini" }, { "id": "345734", "text": "to score and capture the Golden Shoe, a gesture which was praised by the Italian media. Baggio assisted a goal by Nicola Berti in the dying minutes of the match, but it was incorrectly ruled offside. Italy won the match 2–1, capturing the third place medal. Following the World Cup, Baggio was not called up often by Vicini for the Euro 1992 Qualification matches, only making three appearances and scoring two goals as Italy failed to qualify for the tournament, finishing second in their qualifying group behind the Soviet Union. Under Italy's new manager, Arrigo Sacchi, Baggio was his team's", "title": "Roberto Baggio" }, { "id": "10055126", "text": "his only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Northern Ireland, on 15 January 1958; the defeat meant that Italy had failed to qualify for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, finishing second in their group, behind Northern Ireland, by a single point. Following his professional footballing career, Da Costa also served briefly as a coach in the lower divisions, and the Vatican's Campionato della Città del Vaticano. General Specific Dino da Costa Dino Da Costa (born 1 August 1931) is a Brazilian-born Italian former professional footballer, who played as a central midfielder or striker. Da Costa was born in Rio de", "title": "Dino da Costa" }, { "id": "135637", "text": "tournament. Baresi was also a member of the Italy squad that took part in the 1984 Olympics. Italy finished in fourth place after a semi-final defeat to Brazil, and losing the bronze medal match to Yugoslavia. Baresi scored a goal against the United States during the group stage. Baresi won his first senior international cap in a 1984 UEFA Championship qualifying match against Romania in Florence, on 14 December 1982, a 0–0 draw. Italy, however, ultimately failed to qualify for the final tournament. Baresi was not included in Italy's squad for the 1986 World Cup by coach Enzo Bearzot, who", "title": "Franco Baresi" }, { "id": "2283771", "text": "colour of the House of Savoy's banner. The national team is also known for its long-standing rivalries with other top footballing nations, such as those with Brazil, France, Germany and Spain. In the FIFA World Ranking, in force since August 1993, Italy has occupied the first place several times, in November 1993 and during 2007 (February, April-June, September), with its worst placement in August 2018 in 21st place. The team's first match was held in Milan on 15 May 1910. Italy defeated France by a score of 6–2, with Italy's first goal scored by Pietro Lana. Some turmoil kept the", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "3190258", "text": "public a series of documents: Football Report, Integrated Budget (evolution of the Social Report), Management Report, Income Statement of Italian football. On 20 November 2017, Tavecchio resigned as Italian Football Federation president, seven days after Italy failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the first time since 1958. Italian Football Federation The Italian Football Federation (; FIGC), also known as \"Federcalcio\", is the governing body of football in Italy. It is based in Rome and the technical department is in Coverciano, Florence. It organises the Italian football league and Coppa Italia. It is also responsible for appointing the", "title": "Italian Football Federation" }, { "id": "2283797", "text": "stoppage time giving them a 2–1 victory over Bulgaria by Antonio Cassano proved futile, ending the team's tournament. The summer of 2004 marked the choice, by FIGC, to appoint Marcello Lippi for Italy's bench. He made his debut in an upset 2–0 defeat in Iceland but then managed to qualify for 2006 World Cup. Italy's campaign in the tournament hosted by Germany was accompanied by open pessimism due to the controversy caused by the 2006 Serie A scandal, however these negative predictions were then refuted, as the \"Azzurri\" eventually won their fourth World Cup. Italy won their opening game against", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "7419387", "text": "On 14 November 2012, in a 2–1 friendly defeat to France, Chiellini wore the captain's armband with Italy for the first time in his career. On 22 June 2013, Chiellini scored his third goal for Italy against Brazil in the 2013 Confederations Cup in a 2–4 defeat, a low shot to the net after the referee Ravshan Irmatov had initially signaled for a penalty kick to Italy. Italy managed to finish the tournament in third place, following a 3–2 penalty shootout win over Uruguay in the bronze medal match. In the 2014 FIFA World Cup Qualifying fixture against the Czech", "title": "Giorgio Chiellini" }, { "id": "2283787", "text": "Caniggia's header for Argentina. Aldo Serena missed the final penalty kick (with Roberto Donadoni also having his penalty saved by goalkeeper Sergio Goycochea). Italy went on to defeat England 2–1 in the third place match in Bari, with Schillaci scoring the winning goal on a penalty to become the tournament's top scorer with six goals. Italy then failed to qualify for the 1992 European Championship. In November 1993, FIFA ranked Italy first in the FIFA World Rankings for their first time since the ranking system was introduced in December 1992. At the 1994 World Cup in the United States, Italy", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "7223975", "text": "FIFA World Cup qualifying match; the victory allowed Italy to qualify for the upcoming 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. Zaccardo was included in Italy's 23-man roster for the tournament, and made three appearances in the final competition. He started the first two matches of the group stage, helping Italy keep a clean sheet in their opening 2–0 win over Ghana on 12 June, but he scored an unfortunate own goal off an attempted clearance following a free-kick in the \"azzurri's\" second match on 17 June, which ended in a 1–1 draw against the United States; this was one of", "title": "Cristian Zaccardo" }, { "id": "4846099", "text": "controversy, De Rossi received the FIFA \"Man of the Match\" award. The defending champions lost their final match against Slovakia 3–2, and were eliminated in the first round of the tournament, finishing in last place in their group, without a victory. Following Lippi's departure after the 2010 World Cup, in Italy's first match under new manager Cesare Prandelli, a friendly against the Ivory Coast, De Rossi was named captain, due to the injury of newly appointed captain Gianluigi Buffon, as well as the absence of acting captain Andrea Pirlo; Italy lost the match 1–0. On 7 September, he scored his", "title": "Daniele De Rossi" }, { "id": "2283813", "text": "where they beat Germany 2–0 to advance to the final of the 2006 World Cup. In March 2011, Italy won 1–0 over Slovenia to again secure its spot at the top of the qualification table. They then defeated Ukraine 2–0 in a friendly, despite being reduced to ten men for the late stages of the match. With their 3–0 defeat of Estonia in another Euro 2012 qualifier, Prandelli's Italy secured the table lead and also achieved 9 undefeated games in a row since their initial debacle. The streak was ended on 7 June 2011 by Trapattoni's current charges, the Republic", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "714154", "text": "match, something that had happened in several previous World Cups. Wales won the play-off and qualified for the first, and so far only, time. With Northern Ireland making its debut, and England and Scotland also qualifying, this World Cup was the only one to feature all four of the United Kingdom's Home Nations. This World Cup also saw the entry and qualification of the Soviet Union for the first time, while Argentina appeared for the first time since 1934. Until 2018, this FIFA World Cup was the only one for which Italy failed to qualify (Italy did not take part", "title": "1958 FIFA World Cup" }, { "id": "3985830", "text": "he made his 42nd and final appearance for Italy at the age of 29, in Italy's second group match of the tournament, a 1–1 draw against Argentina, on 19 June. Riva is currently still Italy's top-goalscorer of all-time, with 35 goals in just 42 matches, with an average of 0.83 goals per game. In addition to being Italy's all-time leading goalscorer, Riva is also the highest goalscorer in combined goals scored at the FIFA World Cup and FIFA World Cup qualifier matches with 17 goals, and Italy's highest goalscorer in FIFA World Cup qualifiers, with 14 goals. After retiring, Riva", "title": "Luigi Riva" }, { "id": "14051969", "text": "2010 FIFA World Cup Group F Group F of the 2010 FIFA World Cup began on 14 June 2010 and ended on 24 June 2010. The group consisted of 2006 winner Italy, Paraguay, New Zealand and Slovakia. Italy and Paraguay previously met in the first round of the 1950 tournament, with Italy winning 2–0; neither qualified for the next round. Italy were eliminated from the group with just two points, behind underdogs New Zealand, who drew all three of their matches to finish on three points. New Zealand ended up being the only unbeaten team at the finals, thanks in", "title": "2010 FIFA World Cup Group F" }, { "id": "4572276", "text": "Cup. Italy, however, failed to progress past the first round, eliminated on goal differential after finishing level on points with the United States. Zambrotta was selected for the 2010 World Cup by Lippi. He made his first appearance as Italy's captain in a 1–1 away draw against Switzerland in a pre-World Cup friendly, on 5 June 2010. Despite the Italian team's struggles throughout the tournament, Zambrotta was one of his nation's strongest performers in the group stage. Italy earned 1–1 draws in their first two games against Paraguay and New Zealand, collecting two points, and subsequently needing a draw in", "title": "Gianluca Zambrotta" }, { "id": "19192946", "text": "saved by goalkeeper Sergio Goycochea). Italy went on to defeat England 2–1 in the third place match in Bari, with Schillaci scoring the winning goal on a penalty to become the tournament's top scorer with six goals. Italy then failed to qualify for the 1992 European Championship. In November 1993, FIFA ranked Italy first in the FIFA World Rankings for their first time since the ranking system was introduced in December 1992. At the 1994 World Cup in the United States, Italy lost the opening match against Ireland 0–1 at the Giants Stadium near New York City. After a 1–0", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "5360317", "text": "Spain in the quarter-final, following a 0–0 draw after extra-time. Despite disappointing at Euro 2008, Toni was called up by returning coach Marcello Lippi for Italy's first two 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. Toni also scored an equaliser in a 1–1 draw against Greece, in an international friendly on 19 November 2008, which was his final international goal. He was subsequently named to Lippi's 23-man Italy squad that took part at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup in South Africa, and appeared in all three of his nation's group matches, although Italy disappointed, suffering a first-round elimination. Following the tournament, he", "title": "Luca Toni" }, { "id": "3927952", "text": "would stay with the squad to offer support. This would have been Cannavaro's third Euro tournament. Cannavaro also put his plans to retire from the national team after Euro 2008 on hold and added that the injury had made him more determined than ever to captain Italy through the 2010 World Cup. In Italy's final 2009 Confederations Cup group match against Brazil, Cannavaro equalled Paolo Maldini's record of being Italy's most capped player, although Italy were defeated 3–0 and were disappointingly eliminated from the tournament in the group stage. On 12 August 2009, in a friendly match against Switzerland, Cannavaro", "title": "Fabio Cannavaro" }, { "id": "6708233", "text": "constant figure in the national team for the next 11 years, and he played in the 1950, 1954 and 1958 World Cup qualification. The last one is remembered for the historical 3–0 win over Italy, which ultimately resulted in the Italians missing the 1958 FIFA World Cup to Northern Ireland, the only time the Italians have missed a World Cup tournament. Virgílio's last game came at age 33, in the Euro 1960 1–5 quarter-final loss to Yugoslavia, on 22 May 1960. That would be his 39th cap for the national team, which made Virgílio the most capped Portuguese football player", "title": "Virgílio Mendes" }, { "id": "1375718", "text": "hit the crossbar, landed on the goal line and went out. It was the first all-European final since Italy's triumph over West Germany in the 1982 World Cup, and the second final, after 1994, to be decided on penalties. It was also Italy's first world title in 24 years, and their fourth overall, making them the second most successful World Cup team ever. The victory also helped Italy top the FIFA World Rankings in February 2007 for the first time since November 1993. Miroslav Klose received the Golden Boot for scoring five goals in the World Cup. In total, 147", "title": "2006 FIFA World Cup" }, { "id": "4572275", "text": "by Romania's 1–0 goal, scored by Adrian Mutu. Christian Panucci, however, scored just one minute later to tie the match at 1–1. Close to the end of the match, Romania was awarded a penalty, but Italy goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon saved Mutu's shot, securing a 1–1 draw. Italy defeated France 2–0 in their final group match to advance to the quarter-finals. In the quarter-finals, Italy fell to Spain on penalties (4–2) after a 0–0 draw, knocking them out of the tournament. Late in 2008, World Cup-winning coach Marcello Lippi returned to coach of Italy, selecting Zambrotta for the 2009 FIFA Confederations", "title": "Gianluca Zambrotta" }, { "id": "2283811", "text": "second France in 2002. Coincidentally, France who had been Italy's adversaries and the losing finalist in the 2006 World Cup, were also eliminated without winning a game in the first round in South Africa, making it the first time ever that neither finalist of the previous edition were able to reach the second round. Marcello Lippi stepped down after Italy's World Cup campaign and was replaced by Cesare Prandelli, although Lippi's successor had already been announced before the tournament. Italy began their campaign with Prandelli with a disappointing 0–1 loss to the Ivory Coast in a friendly match. Then, during", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "8276661", "text": "the match, he also had a volley cleared off the line by Slovak defender Martin Škrtel, and had an equalising goal controversially ruled offside, although he was ultimately unable to prevent the Italians from losing 3–2, resulting in one of Italy's most shocking World Cup eliminations. The match was his 21st cap for Italy, while his goal was his seventh overall. Although the Italian team was widely criticised in the media, Quagliarella was praised for his performance. Under Italy's new manager Cesare Prandelli, Quagliarella scored Italy's fourth goal in a 5–0 home win in a Euro 2012 qualifying match against", "title": "Fabio Quagliarella" }, { "id": "2283793", "text": "one penalty scored out of six attempts. Emerging star Francesco Totti scored his penalty with a \"cucchiaio\" (\"spoon\") chip. Italy finished the tournament as runners-up, losing the final 2–1 against France (to a golden goal in extra time) after conceding \"les Bleus\" equalising goal just 30 seconds before the expected end of injury time (93rd minute). After the defeat, coach Dino Zoff resigned in protest after being criticized by Milan club president and politician Silvio Berlusconi. In the 2002 World Cup, a 2–0 victory against Ecuador with two Christian Vieri goals was followed by a series of controversial matches. During", "title": "Italy national football team" }, { "id": "3927945", "text": "match, meaning Italy would be left without their two starting centre-backs. Italy went out controversially in the second round, losing to co-hosts and eventual semi-finalists South Korea, once again to a golden goal. Cannavaro had a difficult act to follow when he took over as captain from Paolo Maldini after the 2002 World Cup, but he quickly won the team over with his leadership, calming influence and inspirational performances, helping Italy qualify for Euro 2004. After Maldini's international retirement, he first captained Italy in a 1–0 defeat to Slovenia in Trieste on 21 August 2002. He was later officially named", "title": "Fabio Cannavaro" }, { "id": "5016681", "text": "Junve: Iaquinta scored Italy's second goal in the 2–0 victory against Ghana. He played in 5 out of 7 of Italy's matches, including the victorious semi-final against hosts Germany and final against France on 9 July, in which he came on after 61 minutes for Simone Perrotta. Iaquinta missed out on Roberto Donadoni's Italy squad for Euro 2008 due to injury. He later took part at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, and he also played for Italy in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, in which he scored a penalty in a 1–1 draw against New Zealand in the second group", "title": "Vincenzo Iaquinta" }, { "id": "5882457", "text": "held in the United States, and scored a goal in a 1–1 draw against Mexico in Italy's final match of the group stage on 28 June, which allowed them to progress to the knockout round as the best third-placed team; this was his only goal for Italy, and made him Italy's oldest ever goalscorer at the FIFA World Cup, at the age of 33 years and 36 days. In the defeat against Brazil in the final of the tournament, he missed a one-on-one opportunity and later failed to convert a penalty kick in the shoot-out. He was also the captain", "title": "Daniele Massaro" }, { "id": "4588523", "text": "Albertini. Italy lost 2–1 to the Czech Republic and then were knocked out of the tournament following a 0–0 draw with future champions Germany, a match the \"Azurri\" dominated thanks to Albertini's presence in midfield. Sacchi in one of his interviews admitted the early departure was due to his mistakes and the 1996 squad was his best Italy team, even better than the one that got the second place in USA 1994. Albertini played a key role in helping Italy to qualify for the 1998 World Cup: during the first leg of the 1998 World Cup qualification play-off against Russia,", "title": "Demetrio Albertini" }, { "id": "3122487", "text": "the match award. The win allowed Italy to move seven points clear in their qualifying group. In the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying fixture against the Czech Republic, at Juventus Stadium in Turin on 10 September 2013, Buffon equalled Cannavaro as the Italian national team record appearance holder, with 136 caps. Italy won the match 2–1, allowing them to qualify for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil as top of their group, with two games at hand; this was the first time that the Italian squad had done so. On 11 October 2013, in a 2–2 World Cup qualifier draw", "title": "Gianluigi Buffon" }, { "id": "6174922", "text": "named in Italy's 30-man preliminary squad for the 2014 World Cup under Cesare Prandelli, but was ruled out of the tournament after suffering a broken leg in a friendly match against the Republic of Ireland at Craven Cottage, London, on 31 May. After initially being named to Antonio Conte's 30-man provisional squad for Euro 2016, on 31 May 2016, Montolivo was omitted from the final 23-man squad due to injury. He returned to the national team under Conte's successor, Giampiero Ventura, making a substitute appearance in a 3–1 friendly home defeat to France on 1 September. However, in Italy's second", "title": "Riccardo Montolivo" }, { "id": "3122547", "text": "Sacchi, but did not come off the bench as Italy were eliminated in the group stage by eventual finalists Germany and the Czech Republic. He earned his first cap for the \"Azzurri\" under Cesare Maldini in a qualifier for the 1998 FIFA World Cup against Moldova on 5 October 1996 and eventually made seven appearances in the qualifying campaign. At the final tournament, Nesta played in all three group games, playing alongside Paolo Maldini, Fabio Cannavaro, Alessandro Costacurta and Giuseppe Bergomi, helping Italy keep a clean sheet against Cameroon. He made no further appearances due to injury, however, as Italy", "title": "Alessandro Nesta" }, { "id": "14532608", "text": "Stadio Olimpico in Rome. Insigne was named in Cesare Prandelli's 30-man provisional squad for the 2014 World Cup and was eventually picked in the final 23-man squad. In Italy's last warm-up match, against Fluminense in Brazil ahead of their World Cup opener against England, Insigne and his teammate Ciro Immobile scored five goals, with Insigne scoring two. On 20 June, Insigne made his debut in the 2014 World Cup in Italy's second group match, against Costa Rica, replacing Antonio Candreva in the second half. However, this was Insigne's only appearance in the tournament, as Italy was eliminated in the group", "title": "Lorenzo Insigne" }, { "id": "19192952", "text": "chip. Italy finished the tournament as runners-up, losing the final 2–1 against France (to a golden goal in extra time) after conceding \"les Bleus\" equalising goal just 30 seconds before the expected end of injury time (93rd minute). After the defeat, coach Dino Zoff resigned in protest after being criticized by Milan club president and politician Silvio Berlusconi. In the 2002 World Cup, a 2–0 victory against Ecuador with two Christian Vieri goals was followed by a series of controversial matches. During the match against Croatia, two goals were disallowed resulting in a 2–1 defeat for Italy. Despite two goals", "title": "History of the Italy national football team" }, { "id": "14532607", "text": "was able to set up Italy's second goal of the match, which was scored by Borini. Insigne was called up for the first time for the Italy senior team in September 2012 at age 21 by coach Cesare Prandelli for Italy's 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying matches against Bulgaria and Malta. He made his senior debut on 11 September 2012 in the World Cup qualifier match against Malta in Modena, coming on as a replacement for Alessandro Diamanti. On 14 August 2013, Insigne scored his first goal in a friendly against Argentina, which ended in a 2–1 loss at the", "title": "Lorenzo Insigne" }, { "id": "9187694", "text": "Italy who failed to qualify for the next round. In early 2015, he was awarded with the \"Pallone Azzurro\" as the best player of the national team for 2014. On 10 October of that year, he scored his first international goal, which was the final one of a 3–1 away win over Azerbaijan which sealed Italy's qualification to UEFA Euro 2016. On 31 May 2016, he was named in Antonio Conte's 23-man Italy squad for Euro 2016. In the round of 16 of the tournament, at Stade de France in Paris on 27 June 2016, he came off the bench", "title": "Matteo Darmian" }, { "id": "9124666", "text": "as Italy reached the final. For the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup he was selected as the second choice keeper behind Buffon. Shortly before the tournament, on 31 May, he kept his first international clean sheet as Italy beat San Marino 4–0 in a friendly in Bologna. In the final tournament, he once again did not feature as Italy finished in third place. Sirigu was selected by Prandelli as his second-choice goalkeeper for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. However, prior to the tournament, the usual starter and captain Buffon received an ankle injury during training and Sirigu played the opening group", "title": "Salvatore Sirigu" } ]

[ "8" ]

[ { "id": "1785887", "text": "Northern Exposure Northern Exposure is an American comedy-drama Northern television series about the eccentric residents of a fictional small town in Alaska, that ran on CBS from 1990 to 1995, with a total of 110 episodes. It received a total of 57 award nominations during its five-year run and won 27, including the 1992 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series, two additional Primetime Emmy Awards, four Creative Arts Emmy Awards, and two Golden Globes. Critic John Leonard called \"Northern Exposure\" \"the best of the best television in the past 10 years\". The series was created by Joshua Brand and", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "1785888", "text": "John Falsey, who also created the award-winning shows \"St. Elsewhere\" and \"I'll Fly Away\". The show started as an eight-episode summer midseason replacement series on CBS in 1990. It returned for seven more episodes in spring 1991, then became a regular part of the network's schedule in 1991–1992. It ranked among the top 10 viewed by 18- to 49-year-olds, and was part of the network's 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 schedules. Its last season, 1994–1995, included a gap during the May 1995 sweeps when CBS broadcast other programming. \"The show had a lot of life in it, and the move (Wednesday at", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "1785898", "text": "currently being pitched for network, cable, or streaming venues. On November 20, 2018, it was reported that a revival series is in development at CBS, with Joshua Brand, John Falsey and Rob Morrow executive producing; Morrow would return as Dr. Joel Fleischman. John Corbett was named as producer but his appearance as performer was not confirmed. Northern Exposure Northern Exposure is an American comedy-drama Northern television series about the eccentric residents of a fictional small town in Alaska, that ran on CBS from 1990 to 1995, with a total of 110 episodes. It received a total of 57 award nominations", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "1785893", "text": "which featured the second same-sex marriage story arc on U.S. prime-time television. (Fox's \"Roc\" aired the first U.S. prime time television episode depicting a same-sex marriage, \"Can't Help Loving That Man\", on October 20, 1991.) On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the first season of \"Northern Exposure\" has a score of 100% based on six reviews, with an average rating of 7.0/10. On Metacritic, which uses a weighted score, the first season is rated 80 based on seven reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews,\" while the second season received an 83 based on nine, indicating \"universal acclaim\". \"Entertainment Weekly\"’s Ken Tucker gave", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "1785896", "text": "costs. The release of Season 1 contained the original music, but retailed for $60 due to the cost of music licensing. Subsequent seasons replaced most of the music with generic elevator-style music, resulting in a lower-cost release. The first and second seasons were also re-released together in packaging that matches the third through sixth seasons. On March 19th, 2018, Fabulous Films released the entire series on Blu-Ray in the UK. Unlike the DVD releases, all of the original music is intact. In 2016, Darren Burrows and his production company, Film Farms, held a crowdfunding campaign to fund a development project", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "1785892", "text": "behind a business park. According to \"The Northern Exposure Book\", the moose in the opening titles was named Mort and was provided by Washington State University, where he was part of a captive herd. To film the opening sequence, the crew fenced off Roslyn, set Mort loose, and lured him around with food. Notable episodes in the series include the pilot (nominated for an Emmy for \"Outstanding Writing\"), the third season's last episode, \"Cicely\" (which won a Peabody Award, three Creative Arts Emmy Awards, and a Directors Guild of America Award), and the fifth-season episode \"I Feel the Earth Move\",", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "1785897", "text": "with the goal of creating more episodes of Northern Exposure. The working title for this project is \"Northern Exposure: Home Again\" according to the \"More Northern Exposure Now\" website. Despite not meeting the original $100,000 goal, Darren decided to continue forward with the project. On June 17, 2016, Film Farms announced on their Facebook page that writer David Assael had been hired to write for the project. He previously wrote several episodes of Northern Exposure, including \"Russian Flu,\" \"Spring Break,\" and \"It Happened in Juneau,\" among others. Originally envisioned as a two-hour \"visit to Cicely,\" a 10 episode format is", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "1785895", "text": "and co-exist\". The show's other awards include: Emmy Award: Golden Globe: \"Northern Exposure: Music From The Television Series\" (USA, original soundtrack, 1992) MCA Records, Inc. MCAD-10685 \"More Music From Northern Exposure\" (USA, 1994) MCA Records, Inc. MCAD-11077 \"Ausgerechnet Alaska\" (German covers, 1992), Distributed by IDEAL Vertrieb, Wichmannstr. 4, 2000 Hamburg 52 (Out of Print) Universal Studios Home Entertainment has released all six seasons on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4. The Region 1 DVD releases have caused controversy among the show's fans due to their high prices and the changes to the soundtrack introduced in order to lower their", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "15945797", "text": "the programme has usually occupied this near-peak slot, but has also been shown as late as 23.10. On 3 March 2015, it made its only appearance to date in primetime, airing at 21.00. The series was broadcast on Mondays in 2011 and Wednesdays in 2012. The 2013 series was billed as an eight-episode run (the longest to date), with five of the editions airing on consecutive Thursdays in their traditional autumn slots and the remaining three being broadcast as standalone episodes between February and July 2014. In January 2014 it was announced that ITV would no longer air episodes in", "title": "Exposure (UK TV series)" }, { "id": "10993165", "text": "Together Frolov and Schneider wrote a further seven episodes for the first season of \"Alien Nation\". The series concluded with the 1989 to 1990 television season. They moved on to supervising producer positions on the second season of \"Northern Exposure\" which aired in 1991. They co-wrote two episodes for the second season. The production team were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series for the first season. Frolov and Schneider returned as supervising producers and writers for the third season and co-wrote a further six episodes. In 1992, they won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing", "title": "Diane Frolov" }, { "id": "6123246", "text": "their four sons. He and the rest of the \"Northern Exposure\" cast were nominated in 1995 for the Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. Darren E. Burrows Darren E. Burrows (born September 12, 1966) is an American actor and director. He is best known for playing Ed Chigliak in the television series \"Northern Exposure\". He also appeared in \"Cry-Baby\", \"Amistad\", \"Sunset Strip\", \"Forty Shades of Blue\", in a season six episode of \"The X-Files\" and in Season 9 (Episode 11) of \"\" (billed as Darren Burrows). Burrows was born in Winfield, Kansas, the", "title": "Darren E. Burrows" }, { "id": "1785889", "text": "10pm) killed it,\" says executive producer Andrew Schneider. \"This piddling out is sad.\" Rob Morrow (Joel Fleischman) and his representatives spent much of Seasons 4 and 5 lobbying for an improved contract, and intermittently threatened to leave the show. The producers responded by reducing Fleischman's role in the storylines, and introducing characters such as Mike Monroe (season 4) and Dr. Phil Capra (season 6) to partially compensate for the absence of Morrow. New York City native Joel Fleischman is a fish out of water adjusting to Alaska. A recently graduated physician, Fleischman is set to practice in Anchorage for several", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "1785894", "text": "the first episode a B+, writing that the show “may well prove to be summer television’s most likably eccentric series”. Over the course of \"Northern Exposure\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s run, the series was nominated for over fifty Emmy Awards and multiple Golden Globe awards. The series won a pair of consecutive Peabody Awards: in 1991–92 for the show's \"depict[ion] in a comedic and often poetic way, [of] the cultural clash between a transplanted New York City doctor and the townspeople of fictional Cicely, Alaska\" and its stories of \"people of different backgrounds and experiences\" clashing but who ultimately \"strive to accept their differences", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "6123245", "text": "Darren E. Burrows Darren E. Burrows (born September 12, 1966) is an American actor and director. He is best known for playing Ed Chigliak in the television series \"Northern Exposure\". He also appeared in \"Cry-Baby\", \"Amistad\", \"Sunset Strip\", \"Forty Shades of Blue\", in a season six episode of \"The X-Files\" and in Season 9 (Episode 11) of \"\" (billed as Darren Burrows). Burrows was born in Winfield, Kansas, the son of actor Billy Drago. As a child, he briefly lived near Aulne, Kansas. He currently lives in Wichita, Kansas, with his wife Melinda Delgado, who is a French chef, and", "title": "Darren E. Burrows" }, { "id": "3182127", "text": "(Olivia d'Abo) in the first season of ABC's comedy-drama series \"The Wonder Years\". For this appearance, he was credited as Jack Corbett. From 1990 to 1995, he starred as Chris Stevens in the CBS comedy-drama series \"Northern Exposure\", for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. Corbett played the leading role of Adam MacArthur, in 1997's short-lived Fox science fiction series \"The Visitor\", for which he was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Actor", "title": "John Corbett" }, { "id": "1785890", "text": "years to repay the state of Alaska for underwriting his medical education. However, much to his chagrin, he is assigned to the much smaller, remote, fictional town of Cicely, which is in need of a general practitioner. In the show's last season, two new characters were introduced to try to fill the void left by Morrow's departure: Major recurring characters include Apesanahkwat as Lester Haines (a native millionaire), Anthony Edwards as Mike Monroe (a severe allergy sufferer and ecological activist), Richard Cummings Jr. as Bernard Stevens (Chris's African American half-brother and \"spiritual doppelgänger\"), Graham Greene as Leonard (the local shaman),", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "4363021", "text": "September 2011, Corbin was given a lifetime achievement award by the Estes Park Film Festival in Estes Park, Colorado. The Texas Film Hall of Fame inducted Corbin into its membership on March 8, 2012. Barry Corbin Leonard Barrie \"Barry\" Corbin (born October 16, 1940) is an American actor. His most well-known role came in the television series \"Northern Exposure\" (1990–1995), for which he was consecutively nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards. Corbin was born in Lamesa, the seat of Dawson County, south of Lubbock in West Texas. He is the son of the former Alma LaMerle Scott (1918–1994), a teacher,", "title": "Barry Corbin" }, { "id": "9600409", "text": "Martin Bruestle Martin Bruestle is an American television producer best known for his work on \"Northern Exposure\" and \"The Sopranos\". After graduating from the University of Minnesota in 1987, Martin Bruestle was selected to participate in the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences College Internship Program on the television series \"Thirtysomething\". He was hired as the post production coordinator for three seasons of the series. In 1990, Bruestle began work on \"Northern Exposure\" as the associate producer/co-producer for 60 episodes through all six seasons of the series. He was responsible for selecting much of the music on the series and", "title": "Martin Bruestle" }, { "id": "4363013", "text": "Barry Corbin Leonard Barrie \"Barry\" Corbin (born October 16, 1940) is an American actor. His most well-known role came in the television series \"Northern Exposure\" (1990–1995), for which he was consecutively nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards. Corbin was born in Lamesa, the seat of Dawson County, south of Lubbock in West Texas. He is the son of the former Alma LaMerle Scott (1918–1994), a teacher, and Kilmer Blaine Corbin, Sr. (1919–1993), a school principal, judge, and Democratic member of the Texas State Senate for two terms, from 1949–1957. Corbin was named for author J. M. Barrie by his mother.", "title": "Barry Corbin" }, { "id": "6240607", "text": "degree \"because I started getting so much work.\" She started acting professionally in her late 60s. Her first film performance was in the TV movie \"Chase\" in 1985. In 1990, she originated the role of Ruth-Anne Miller on \"Northern Exposure\". The character had been intended to be intermittent, but gradually appeared more frequently until she became a regular. She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1993. After the fifth season of the show was wrapped up in 1995, she was undergoing heart surgery when an aortic aneurysm ruptured. Had she", "title": "Peg Phillips" }, { "id": "10993167", "text": "six episodes including the season premiere and were once again nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series. They remained executive producers and regular writers for the season sixth and final season, again contributing six episodes. \"Alien Nation\" continued as a series of television movies and Frolov and Schneider wrote three installments of the five film series. The first was \"\" which Frolov and Schneider wrote while working on \"Northern Exposure\" and which aired in 1994. They also scripted the second and fourth installments entitled \"\" (1995) and \"\" (1996). Following the conclusion of \"Northern Exposure\" in 1995 Frolov", "title": "Diane Frolov" }, { "id": "7259207", "text": "That Be\". She played Tracy Milford in the 1995 film \"National Lampoon's Senior Trip\" and Jan Kempster in the 1997 film \"Jungle 2 Jungle\". In 1999, she had a recurring role on \"ER\". In 2003, she starred in the film \"Seabiscuit\". In 2009, she appeared in seven episodes of \"United States of Tara\". Her stage credits include \"Eastern Standard\", \"Talking Heads\", \"Top Girls\", and \"Rex\". Mahaffey won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her performance as the chronic hypochondriac Eve in the CBS series \"Northern Exposure\" in 1992. Mahaffey was the only actor", "title": "Valerie Mahaffey" }, { "id": "1785891", "text": "Diane Delano as Officer Barbara Semanski (and Maurice's love interest), Adam Arkin as mysterious, obnoxious master chef Adam, and Valerie Mahaffey as his hypochondriac and very wealthy wife Eve; Mahaffey was the only actor from the series to win an Emmy Award. Although the town of Cicely is widely thought to be patterned after the real town of Talkeetna, Alaska, the main street of Cicely and the filming location was that of Roslyn, Washington, located in the Cascade Mountains. \"Northern Exposure II\" (the main production facility) was located in Redmond, Washington, in what is now the headquarters of Genie Industries,", "title": "Northern Exposure" }, { "id": "19525470", "text": "a series order. The series premiered in the 2016–17 United States network television schedule and aired at 8:30 pm. Almost a month later on November 14, 2016, it was picked up for a full season of 19 episodes. On January 6, 2017, an additional 3 episodes were added, making it a 22 episode season. On May 13, 2017, CBS canceled the show after one season. \"The Great Indoors\" has received generally mixed reviews from television critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 45% based on 29 reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. The site's critical", "title": "The Great Indoors (TV series)" }, { "id": "13176969", "text": "Moultrie Patten Moultrie Patten (June 10, 1919 – March 18, 2009) was an American actor and jazz musician. Patten was perhaps best known for his role as Walt the trapper on the American television series, \"Northern Exposure\", which aired from 1990 until 1995. Patten appeared as Walt Kupfer from 1993 until the show's ending in 1995. Moultrie Patten was born on June 10, 1919. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan, where he worked a local theater and studied the piano. Patten attended Brown University, where he continued to pursue acting. He was drafted into the United States military during World", "title": "Moultrie Patten" }, { "id": "20461851", "text": "the prime time TV show \"In Living Color\". In 1992, Vinx moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico and released his 2nd CD titled \"I Love My Job\". The album featured Zap Mama, Patrice Rushen and Dan Kuramato. Vinx toured the world jazz festival circuit with great response and returned to the States for an appearance on the \"Arsenio Hall Show\" and \"The Tonight Show\" with old friend Branford Marsalis. Vinx’s song \"There I Go Again\" was chosen for the highest rated episode of the hit TV series \"Northern Exposure\". The network received so many calls about the song that it", "title": "Vinx De'Jon Parrette" }, { "id": "17184785", "text": "hired as a writer-producer on the CBS comedy-drama Northern Exposure, produced by Universal Television. He worked on the series from episode 17 until the end four years later writing 18 episodes and rewriting a half-dozen others. During his time on the show, Melvoin received numerous awards and nominations, including an Emmy award for best dramatic series, two Emmy nominations for best writing in a dramatic series, two Golden Globe awards and a Television Critics Association award for best dramatic series. In 1995, Melvoin became Executive Producer on the fourth season of the David E. Kelley dramatic series, Picket Fences, produced", "title": "Jeff Melvoin" }, { "id": "19387443", "text": "point onwards (at Lynch's insistence). Overall, the series consists of 18 episodes. It concluded on September 3, 2017, with a two-part finale. In the United Kingdom, Sky Atlantic simulcast the first two episodes beginning at 2:00 am British Summer Time on May 22, 2017, and the next two episodes were released on Sky UK's on-demand service after the premiere. In the Nordic countries, the series is broadcast on HBO Nordic, with the two-hour premiere airing on May 22, and subsequent episodes being made available the day after its U.S. airing. In Canada, the series is available on CraveTV and The", "title": "Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "5006566", "text": "Rob Morrow Robert Alan \"Rob\" Morrow (born September 21, 1962) is an American actor and director. He is known for his portrayal of Dr. Joel Fleischman on \"Northern Exposure\", a role that garnered him three Golden Globe and two Emmy nominations for Best Actor in a Dramatic Series, and later for his role as FBI agent Don Eppes on \"Numb3rs\". Morrow was born in New Rochelle, New York, the son of Diane Francis (née Markowitz), a dental hygienist, and Murray Morrow, an industrial lighting manufacturer. His family is Jewish. His parents divorced when he was nine years old. He attended", "title": "Rob Morrow" }, { "id": "19549459", "text": "Quantico (season 1) The first season of the American drama thriller series \"Quantico\" premiered in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2015, and concluded on May 15, 2016. ABC Studios produced the season, with creator Joshua Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jake Coburn serving as executive producers. Consisting of twenty-two episodes, season one follows Alex Parrish, the brightest FBI recruit in her class, who becomes an FBI field agent after graduating from the FBI Academy at Quantico, Virginia, and later becomes a prime suspect after a terrorist attack on Grand Central", "title": "Quantico (season 1)" }, { "id": "15945796", "text": "Exposure (UK TV series) Exposure is a current affairs strand, broadcast in the United Kingdom on the ITV network. The programme comprises long-form films, investigating and exploring domestic and foreign topics. Episodes are produced both by independent production companies and in-house by ITV Studios. The average budget for a single edition is between £150,000 and £200,000. The series was commissioned by Peter Fincham, ITV's Director of Television, and is a sister show to year-round current affairs strand \"Tonight\". It made its debut on Monday 26 September 2011 – airing at 22.40, directly after \"ITV News at Ten\". Since its launch,", "title": "Exposure (UK TV series)" }, { "id": "15945803", "text": "for the ten-month investigation. It was broadcast in a later-than-usual timeslot of 23.15, but still attracted 2.5 million viewers (including time-shifted viewing) and a 23% audience share. The edition won Royal Television Society awards in 2013 in the Current Affairs (Home) and Scoop of the Year categories. It was also given a Peabody Award in 2012. The programme gave ITV News a platform for extensive follow-up reports on the subject, which resulted in ITN winning the News Coverage (Home) category in the RTS awards in 2013. Although it would become the highest profile edition of the programme to date, this", "title": "Exposure (UK TV series)" }, { "id": "3182148", "text": "Screen Actors Guild Awards Young Artist Award Janine Turner Janine Turner (born Janine Loraine Gauntt; December 6, 1962) is an American actress best known for her roles as Maggie O'Connell in the television series \"Northern Exposure\", as Jessie Deighan in the feature film \"Cliffhanger\", and as Katie McCoy in \"Friday Night Lights\". She is an author, public speaker and founder and co-chair of Constituting America 2010. Turner was born Janine Loraine Gauntt in Lincoln, Nebraska, the daughter of Janice Loraine (née Agee), and Turner Maurice Gauntt, Jr. She grew up in Euless and Fort Worth, Texas. In 1978, the 15-year-old", "title": "Janine Turner" }, { "id": "8584465", "text": "EST, later on the time was changed to 11:00pm EST and still repeated the following Saturday well after Midnight, which probably is a major reason for the poor ratings this show received. The series also had two guest hosts. Terry Farrell would host the \"Best of Season One\" episode and director Kevin Smith hosted the \"Star Wars Short Films Showcase\". The Sci-Fi Channel had also struck a deal with AtomFilms which gave them the broadcast rights of any of Atom Films' new science-fiction acquisitions, as well as all science fiction films currently in their library, for \"Exposure\". For a complete", "title": "Exposure (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "9236904", "text": "Yvonne Suhor Yvonne Theresa Suhor (November 29, 1961 – September 27, 2018) was an American actress and acting instructor. Suhor was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. She graduated from Illinois State University in 1985, and later received her MFA from the University of Southern California. Over the years, Suhor has appeared in a number of movies and TV series, most notably as Cicely in an Emmy Award-winning episode of \"Northern Exposure\" and as series regular Louise McCloud for three seasons on \"The Young Riders\". She has also guest-starred on \"Brooklyn Bridge\" (in a recurring role), \"Murder, She Wrote\", \"\", \"Renegade\",", "title": "Yvonne Suhor" }, { "id": "3182137", "text": "Janine Turner Janine Turner (born Janine Loraine Gauntt; December 6, 1962) is an American actress best known for her roles as Maggie O'Connell in the television series \"Northern Exposure\", as Jessie Deighan in the feature film \"Cliffhanger\", and as Katie McCoy in \"Friday Night Lights\". She is an author, public speaker and founder and co-chair of Constituting America 2010. Turner was born Janine Loraine Gauntt in Lincoln, Nebraska, the daughter of Janice Loraine (née Agee), and Turner Maurice Gauntt, Jr. She grew up in Euless and Fort Worth, Texas. In 1978, the 15-year-old Turner left home to pursue a modeling", "title": "Janine Turner" }, { "id": "10409701", "text": "3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:", "title": "2007 Orlando Predators season" }, { "id": "5685220", "text": "Wig Club, where he has returned numerous times to perform in the annual Intercollegiate Comedy Festival. Provenza made his first appearance on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson on March 25, 1983. Additional television work includes hosting a short-lived Nickelodeon TV show from 1988 until 1989 called \"Kids Court\", appearing as Patrick in \"Empty Nest\", and playing Dr. Phil Capra in Season 6 of CBS's \"Northern Exposure\", opposite Teri Polo. While working as a standup comedian and on television, Provenza also found work in theatre. He received critical acclaim for his work on stage, with his performance in the Off-Broadway", "title": "Paul Provenza" }, { "id": "5006570", "text": "October 1998, and they have a daughter named Tu. Rob Morrow Robert Alan \"Rob\" Morrow (born September 21, 1962) is an American actor and director. He is known for his portrayal of Dr. Joel Fleischman on \"Northern Exposure\", a role that garnered him three Golden Globe and two Emmy nominations for Best Actor in a Dramatic Series, and later for his role as FBI agent Don Eppes on \"Numb3rs\". Morrow was born in New Rochelle, New York, the son of Diane Francis (née Markowitz), a dental hygienist, and Murray Morrow, an industrial lighting manufacturer. His family is Jewish. His parents", "title": "Rob Morrow" }, { "id": "7342494", "text": "1986 television film directed by Curtis Hanson. Douglas was born Brandon Sokolosky in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and raised in Dallas, Texas. He was previously married to actress Julie Condra. Brandon Douglas Brandon Douglas (born June 21, 1968) is an American actor. He first came to prominence in the television series \"Falcon Crest\", in which he played Ben Agretti during the 1988–1989 season. He is best known for playing Wayne Jones in the CBS TV series Northern Exposure. He is also known for playing Dr. Andrew Cook in the CBS series \"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman\". Other credits include: \"21 Jump Street\",", "title": "Brandon Douglas" }, { "id": "15945801", "text": "against the charity fundraiser and television presenter Jimmy Savile. Five women (two of whom waived their right to anonymity) all allege that they were assaulted or raped by the entertainer. The programme was born out of an aborted investigation by the BBC's \"Newsnight\" in late 2011, on which Williams-Thomas had worked as a consultant, with reporter Liz MacKean and producer Meirion Jones. Williams-Thomas took a leading role in the programme, having pitched a proposal to ITV after the BBC dropped the \"Newsnight\" investigation; he has praised MacKean and Jones for allowing him to do so. He says he researched the", "title": "Exposure (UK TV series)" }, { "id": "5789134", "text": "2017 on MTV. The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV. The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018. The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV. The 13th season had filmed in Atlanta from October 29 to November 11, 2018 and will air sometime in 2019 on MTV. Wild 'n Out Nick Cannon Presents:", "title": "Wild 'n Out" }, { "id": "19549465", "text": "episodes, increasing the episode count to 19, with the possibility of more episodes. The next month, the season was extended to 22 episodes. The first season was produced by the ABC Studios in association with The Mark Gordon Company and Random Acts Productions. Safran, Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jake Coburn served as the executive producers. The show was designed to have a flashback narrative, shifting between two timelines. Safran incorporated the flashforward storytelling technique as he thought it allowed them to spread out the plot points. The casting began in February 2015, with Priyanka Chopra landing the role", "title": "Quantico (season 1)" }, { "id": "13176971", "text": "and \"The Favor\". Patten moved to Portland, Oregon, in 1990, and later relocated to Beaverton, Oregon. He was cast as Walt Kupfer on the hit television show \"Northern Exposure\", from 1993 until 1995. His character quickly became a fixture on the show and a fan favorite. Fans of \"Northern Exposure\" still sought out Patten for his autograph years after the show's production ended in 1995. Patten continued acting, especially in television commercials, into his 80s. He also pursued a career as a jazz musician and played the piano at jazz clubs throughout the American Midwest and East Coast. Patten released", "title": "Moultrie Patten" }, { "id": "13385932", "text": "Edwards, Aaron Himelstein, Dominic Purcell, Myndy Crist, Roxanne Hart, Kurt Fuller, Shirley Knight, Harry Lennix, David Conrad, Brandy, Leslie Hope, Mark Harelik, Nicholas D'Agosto, Amanda Seyfried, Scott Foley, Meredith Monroe, Nestor Carbonell, Tracy Middendorf, David Henrie, Daryl Sabara, Patrick Bauchau, Sarah Clarke, Stanislav Grof, Danny Nucci, Cynthia Ettinger, Jennifer Stone, Joe Morton, Marin Hinkle, Michael Goorjian, Eddie McClintock, Skye McCole Bartusiak, Kristoffer Ryan Winters, John Cho, Christina Cox, Peter Graves, Nicole Bilderback, Andrew Keegan, Josh Zuckerman, Erin Foster, Missy Crider and Carmen Electra. Season one gained high Nielsen ratings, averaging 13.3 million viewers an episode. It was 24th most-watched television", "title": "House (season 1)" }, { "id": "15945798", "text": "a series block, instead spreading them throughout the year. Independent producers expressed concern that this would result in fewer editions, but ITV said the changes allowed for a more flexible approach regarding delivery deadlines, which are often complicated by the need for legal clearance before broadcast. The three standalone editions aired in early-mid 2014 as part of series 3 from 2013 effectively meant that there was no 2014 series of the strand. The programme began its first non-series run in January 2015. Promotional trailers for individual editions are rare, but the strand itself featured in a promo for ITV's news", "title": "Exposure (UK TV series)" }, { "id": "10416126", "text": "Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:", "title": "2007 Utah Blaze season" }, { "id": "10356686", "text": "series juggles these two narratives: the overall series dealing with why Michael was burned, and individual episodes focusing on the cases he works for clients. The first season, consisting of 12 episodes, follows Michael Westen's investigation into the identity of the man who burned him. It also introduced the main characters: Fiona Glenanne, Michael's ex-girlfriend; Sam Axe, a former Navy SEAL and Michael's best friend; and Madeline \"Maddie\" Westen, Michael's hypochondriac mother. The season had many appearances by Agents Harris and Lane (Marc Macaulay and Brandon Morris), two FBI agents sent to keep tabs on Michael, but were eventually replaced", "title": "Burn Notice" }, { "id": "15945809", "text": "News\" Business Editor. This programme was broadcast shortly after Kuenssberg had departed ITN to rejoin the BBC, but she made appearances on \"ITV News\" bulletins throughout the day, trailing the edition. It was the first standalone edition in what had been billed as an eight-episode run when the series returned in autumn 2013. This edition was produced by Hardcash Productions. Mark Williams-Thomas investigates how privileges for foreign diplomats based in the UK are open to abuse. Issues explored include diplomatic immunity and the protected status of the so-called 'diplomatic bag' for moving items into and out of the country. The", "title": "Exposure (UK TV series)" }, { "id": "5006567", "text": "Miami Sunset High School, but dropped out at the beginning of his senior year to begin his acting career. Morrow’s film career began when he co-starred alongside Johnny Depp in \"Private Resort\". Morrow played the lead role of Joel Fleischman in the award-winning television show \"Northern Exposure\" from 1990 to 1995. He left the CBS comedy-drama several episodes before its conclusion to act in movies. He starred in the critically acclaimed film \"Quiz Show\" as Dick Goodwin, a congressional investigator intent on uncovering the corruption behind the 1950s game show scandal. And he played the sports agent brother of Albert", "title": "Rob Morrow" }, { "id": "7917493", "text": "David Schwartz David Schwartz is an American composer, known for his scoring of the music for several television series. He composed most of the songs for \"Arrested Development\", and he returned as the series composer for the fourth season, which debuted on Netflix. Schwartz attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City and the Berklee College of Music in Boston. He began composing music for television and film in 1990. The theme he wrote for his first network television series, \"Northern Exposure\", resulted in a Grammy nomination. \"Theme from \"Northern Exposure\"\", credited to Schwartz, hit #15 on the", "title": "David Schwartz" }, { "id": "13119007", "text": "Charlotte York and Miranda Hobbes. Season one, comprising 12 episodes, aired on Sunday nights at 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time Zone, except the pilot episode which aired at the same time on a Saturday night. The season garnered mixed reviews from critics. The first season garnered strong ratings for HBO in America, as well as Channel 4 in the United Kingdom, where it landed among the top 30 weekly most-watched programs. The show received several major award nominations, including an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe, and a SAG award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series for Parker. The first season", "title": "Sex and the City (season 1)" }, { "id": "13176973", "text": "father's acting philosophy saying, \"Anyone who pursues the arts is really creating another world for themselves, because the one they are faced with does not, in some way, suit them.\" Moultrie Patten Moultrie Patten (June 10, 1919 – March 18, 2009) was an American actor and jazz musician. Patten was perhaps best known for his role as Walt the trapper on the American television series, \"Northern Exposure\", which aired from 1990 until 1995. Patten appeared as Walt Kupfer from 1993 until the show's ending in 1995. Moultrie Patten was born on June 10, 1919. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan,", "title": "Moultrie Patten" }, { "id": "3446813", "text": "James Bond movie \"GoldenEye\". A total of seven episodes were broadcast: a feature-length pilot which aired in 1996, which guest starred Josette Simon as a visiting dignitary, followed by a single series of six episodes in 1997. The series has never been released on VHS or DVD, but was uploaded in full to YouTube in March 2016 by a member of the original production crew. The series was also broadcast by GBC TV (Gibraltar) as part of its relaunch in early 1999. The series aired on Monday evenings at 9:30pm, and the series received a full repeat run later on", "title": "Bodyguards (TV series)" }, { "id": "3072496", "text": "was announced on May 15, 2006. The remaining episodes have never been broadcast by NBC, but have been shown on various other networks around the world. Episode 5 and Episode 13 of season 1 were directed by David Schwimmer, who played Ross Geller in \"Friends\". NBC heavily promoted \"Joey\" and gave it \"Friends\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> Thursday 8:00 pm timeslot. The pilot was watched by 18.6 million American viewers, but ratings continually decreased throughout the series' two seasons, averaging 10.20 million viewers in the first season and 7.10 million in the second. The final broadcast episode on March 7, 2006 was watched by", "title": "Joey (TV series)" }, { "id": "11408107", "text": "were unable to pick up on her (rather obvious) clues, and the test failed. During the final episode, it was revealed that Kathryn struggled to keep her cover as the mole at certain times during the four weeks of filming. She started crying after Manuel and Charlie were executed, feeling sorry for them. In the later parts of the show, she broke down during the three questions test (after a stinging question about whether she would cheat on her soon-to-be husband), and also broke down in her room during the hotel room test about her role in the game. Episode", "title": "The Mole (U.S. season 1)" }, { "id": "3669912", "text": "the most expensive of the first season. By the end of the first season, Carter and his staff had come up with many of the general concepts of the mythology that would last throughout all nine seasons. The first season introduced the series' primary antagonist, Cigarette Smoking Man, and gave early insight into the disappearance of Mulder's sister Samantha, whose abduction provided one of the main plot threads of the series as a whole. The emergent mythology was further solidified in the Carter-penned, Edgar Award-nominated season finale \"The Erlenmeyer Flask\". The episode was written in early 1994 before it was", "title": "The X-Files (season 1)" }, { "id": "18762402", "text": "September 27, 2015. The series debuted in Canada on CTV on the same day as its American premiere. The episodes, about 43 minutes in length, were broadcast in standard and high definition. In Australia, it premiered on the Seven Network on October 11, 2015. The series was acquired by Alibi in the United Kingdom. Season two premiered on September 25, 2016. After the mid-season finale, it moved to Mondays at 10:00 p.m. on January 23, 2017. The third season premiered on April 26, 2018. After the cancellation, it was announced that the network will air the remaining episodes of the", "title": "Quantico (TV series)" }, { "id": "10993175", "text": "in a secular Jewish family. Andrew Schneider Andrew Schneider is an American screenwriter and television producer, whose credits include writing for \"The Sopranos\", \"Northern Exposure\", and \"Alien Nation\". He frequently co-writes episodes with his wife, Diane Frolov. In 1992, Schneider won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for his work on the \"Northern Exposure\" episode \"Seoul Mates\". The award was shared with Frolov as they co-wrote the episode. Schneider was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for best dramatic series at the February 2008 ceremony for his work on the sixth season of", "title": "Andrew Schneider" }, { "id": "3493376", "text": "as it is now\", without need for re-writing, and she realized then that songwriting was her calling in life. \"Our Town\" was played during the closing scene for the final episode (July 26, 1995) of CBS's television series \"Northern Exposure\". The song has been recorded by Kate Brislin and Jody Stecher. Her first album, \"Infamous Angel\", was released in 1992 on the Rounder-Philo label and explored such themes as religious skepticism, small-town life, and human frailty. \"Let the Mystery Be\" has been covered by a number of artists, including 10,000 Maniacs and Alice Stuart, and was used in the opening", "title": "Iris DeMent" }, { "id": "15144539", "text": "The world premiere was on Cartoon Network (Australia), airing on October 1, 2016. The U.K network premiered the series on October 8, 2016. The German Cartoon Network premiered the first two episodes on October 10, 2016. The series premiered in the United States on April 10, 2017. Original International air date: October 2016 – present Original U.S. air date: April 10, 2017 – present Overall episode numbers: 231–350 Having 350 episodes and 21 seasons, the franchise as a whole is the most number of episodes and seasons on all Cartoon Network original series. The first film is a regular animated", "title": "Ben 10" }, { "id": "11675812", "text": "Landis and Rob Schmidt all directed at least one episode of each series. Guest stars included Eric Roberts, Anna Kendrick, Brandon Routh, Briana Evigan, Jesse Plemons, Elisabeth Moss, and Cory Monteith. The song in the opening credits is titled \"Lie Lie Lie\" by System of a Down frontman Serj Tankian, from his first solo album \"Elect the Dead\". On March 13, 2009, it was confirmed that the series had been canceled and would not be returning to NBC. The complete series was released on DVD on September 15, 2009. The first season includes thirteen episodes. In the UK, the show", "title": "Fear Itself (TV series)" }, { "id": "17513829", "text": "Dreamscaperers \"Dreamscaperers\" is the nineteenth episode of the first season in the animated series \"Gravity Falls\". The episode is the first of the two-part season finale, the second being \"Gideon Rises\". It was first broadcast on July 12, 2013, on the Disney Channel. It was written by series creator Alex Hirsch, alongside Matt Chapman and Tim McKeon, and directed by Joe Pitt and John Aoshima. It marks the first appearance of Bill Cipher. The series follows twins Dipper and Mabel, who live with their grand uncle, Grunkle Stan in a tourist trap called the Mystery Shack in the fictional town", "title": "Dreamscaperers" }, { "id": "10296701", "text": "broadcast on Wednesday 29 August 2007. \"The Nation\"'s initial episode was the Nine Network's top rating program within the 16- to 39-year-old demographic in Melbourne, Sydney and the east coast. However, the program was third nationally, beaten by Channel Seven's \"Crossing Jordan\" (974,000) and Channel Ten's \"Numb3rs\" (910,000). After the first episode, ratings began to decline with the ratings for the second episode dropping just over one fifth of the audience. Over the course of the series, changes to the format were made. Veteran announcer Pete Smith and WSFM 101.7 compere Amanda Keller were additions to the cast. On 4", "title": "The Nation (TV series)" }, { "id": "12334135", "text": "Shenae Grimes, Tristan Wilds, Jessica Stroup, Dustin Milligan, Ryan Eggold, AnnaLynne McCord, Michael Steger, Lori Loughlin, and Jessica Walter. Along with special guests from the original series, Jennie Garth, Shannen Doherty, and Tori Spelling. Walter was replaced by Jessica Lowndes as a series regular in the thirteenth episode due to \"financial reasons\". The CW also hired Rebecca Sinclair to re-tool the series as head writer. She took over completely as executive producer by the end of the season, after Sachs and Judah resigned. The season finale aired on May 19, 2009 and was seen by 2.00 million viewers. The season", "title": "90210 (season 1)" }, { "id": "12651303", "text": "included in the Season 2 set (not noted on box). Bonus features include: deleted scenes (season 2 only), the pilot episode (Blu-ray season 1 only), and a recap of season 1. Note: Episodes 13 (Cheerleading) and 14 (Trail Bikes) from season 1, were flipped from broadcast order on the Blu-ray set. Season 2 Disc 2, the episode listing is out of sequence. Episodes 6 & 7 are listed after episode 11. Disc 3 has 3rd season episodes 2 & 3 flipped. Season 2 Blu-ray is out of print. The Blu-ray sets are region free. Time Warp (TV series) Time Warp", "title": "Time Warp (TV series)" }, { "id": "11433877", "text": "third album \"22, A Million\" to critical acclaim in 2016. After the breakup of his band DeYarmond Edison, the ending of a relationship, and a bout with mononucleosis hepatitis, Vernon left Raleigh, North Carolina, and moved back to Wisconsin. He spent the oncoming winter months at his father's cabin in Dunn County, Wisconsin. According to Vernon, it was during this time that the \"Bon Iver\" moniker first entered his mind; while bedridden with mononucleosis, he began watching the 1990s TV series \"Northern Exposure\" on DVD. One episode depicts a group of citizens in Alaska, where the show is set, emerging", "title": "Bon Iver" }, { "id": "14516957", "text": "which potential sponsors opted not to purchase and underwrite the series. Oddly, the Bull's Eye episode was aired as Season 1, Episode 21. This makes watching the series a bit confusing when Annie's appearance is somewhat different and Tagg is played by a completely different actor for a single mid season episode. The role of Tagg later went to 12-year-old Jimmy Hawkins for the series' second pilot, \"Annie Gets Her Man\" (aired as Season 1, Episode 14), and for the full run of \"Annie Oakley\" after sponsors bought the series. Gray instead joined the cast of \"Father Knows Best\", which", "title": "Billy Gray (actor)" }, { "id": "10409878", "text": "Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th", "title": "2007 New York Dragons season" }, { "id": "10993174", "text": "Andrew Schneider Andrew Schneider is an American screenwriter and television producer, whose credits include writing for \"The Sopranos\", \"Northern Exposure\", and \"Alien Nation\". He frequently co-writes episodes with his wife, Diane Frolov. In 1992, Schneider won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for his work on the \"Northern Exposure\" episode \"Seoul Mates\". The award was shared with Frolov as they co-wrote the episode. Schneider was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for best dramatic series at the February 2008 ceremony for his work on the sixth season of \"The Sopranos\". Schneider was raised", "title": "Andrew Schneider" }, { "id": "1672885", "text": "a full series to be made. The overnight ratings showed that 4.4 million people had watched it. Following the success of the initial episode, in October 2016 the BBC announced that a full series of six episodes had been commissioned, with production to start in January 2017. The full series was released online on 6 October 2017 on the BBC iPlayer as well as starting a 6 week run on Friday Prime BBC One. An American version entitled \"On the Rocks\" (1975–76) ran for a season, while a Dutch version \"Laat maar zitten\" (free translation: \"Keep 'em inside\") ran from", "title": "Porridge (TV series)" }, { "id": "14195696", "text": "to begin filming in London in 2016. On April 11, 2016, Season 5 was confirmed to be the show's last; it consists of seven episodes and premiered on August 20, 2017. The series finale, Season 5's \"Episode Seven\", aired on October 8, 2017. \"Episodes\" has received positive reviews by critics, with specific praise being given to the performances of stars Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Greig, and Matt LeBlanc. For his performance in the series Matt LeBlanc won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards. After married", "title": "Episodes (TV series)" }, { "id": "16559302", "text": "in three episodes as Charles Rosselini, Erin's boss who becomes romantically involved with her. Robert John Burke portrayed Jyle Hogan in three episodes. \"Blue Bloods\" premiered with the pilot episode, which attracted 13.01 million viewers. After four episodes, the season received a full order of 22 episodes. The series was the most watched program on Friday nights during its duration and was the second most watched program during its short move to the Wednesday timeslot. Apart from the pilot episode, the most-watched episode of the season was \"Little Fish\", which accrued a viewership of 12.30 million viewers. The series finale", "title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)" }, { "id": "2785428", "text": "also features two additional discs of bonus content (including the aforementioned compilation movies). This show aired with English subtitles on Nippon Golden Network in the late 1980s. The first 36 episodes of the first series were translated and dubbed by Manga Entertainment in 1999, although only 24 episodes were released on VHS (spread across eight tapes). All 36 episodes of the dub version were aired on Showtime Beyond in the United States and on Sci-Fi Channel in the United Kingdom, and were later released on DVD in 2003 (spread across six individual volumes). In 2008, the US subsidiary of Toei", "title": "Fist of the North Star" }, { "id": "15496411", "text": "pilot episode was the only one distributed to critics for review, an uncommon practice for new series, which usually make multiple episodes available upon premiering. The first season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on May 5, 2015. The second season was released on DVD in region 1 on August 9, 2016. Season one was released on Netflix and AMC.com for home streaming on April 8, 2015, for a limited time. It is also available on Amazon Video in the UK and Germany. In December 2017, the entire series became available for streaming on Netflix. The series", "title": "Halt and Catch Fire (TV series)" }, { "id": "15975948", "text": "and aired Mondays in the United States at 9.30 p.m. until April 11, 2011, with the final three episodes airing at 9.00 p.m. The season received mixed reviews from critics, some of whom believed the show was clichéd and re-trod the path of old sitcoms. Some critics questioned the subject matter, with one particularly controversial article from Marie Claire commenting on the idea of two overweight actors playing starring roles. Nevertheless, the series received average ratings of 11.14 million viewers, placing it as the number 35 most watched show of the television season. Melissa McCarthy won the Primetime Emmy Award", "title": "Mike & Molly (season 1)" }, { "id": "18734754", "text": "were shown back-to-back that evening and together achieved an average 4.6 million viewers, 20.4% of the TV audience. A third series was confirmed in July 2017. Filming took place in Manchester in March 2018 and it began broadcasting on 13 September 2018. The six-episode series has a political focus, with the main storyline following the attempted murder of a local politician by a far right group. On 19 October 2018, Paul Abbott stated in an interview that he had begun working on ideas for a potential fourth series. In the first series, D.I. Viv Deering is dynamic but blunt in", "title": "No Offence" }, { "id": "7498538", "text": "emigrates to Australia. The local policeman, who makes occasional appearances, is Corky Turnbull. Out of the 59 episodes, 34 have been lost, as well as the 1962 'Christmas Night with the Stars' short. The entire series is missing from the BBC Archives. Only \"Sykes and a Holiday\" still exists in the BBC Archives; the rest of this series is missing. Episodes 1, 3 and 5 are missing from the BBC Archives. Episodes 1, 4, 5 and 6 are missing from the BBC Archives. All the episodes of this series still exist in the BBC Archives. Episodes 1, 2, 3, 5,", "title": "Sykes and a..." }, { "id": "16460024", "text": "but the role was later recast with Allison Miller. In November 2015, it was announced that Haig would have a recurring role along side Bradley Cooper and Jake McDorman in the first season of CBS' crime drama \"Limitless\". She starred as Annabel in \"Childhood's End\", a Syfy three-part miniseries, based on a story by Arthur C. Clarke. In March 2016, she was cast as the female lead in The CW's Untitled Mars Project pilot. In June 2014, Haig married screenwriter and actor Josh Mapleston. In March 2017, their daughter was born. Georgina Haig Georgina Haig (born 3 August 1985) is", "title": "Georgina Haig" }, { "id": "19551104", "text": "been picked up for the 2015–16 season, however, it was soon announced that Gunn had departed the series, with Alana de la Garza and Annie Funke further being cast as series regulars. The season was originally intended to premiere on March 2, 2016, but was pushed back by two weeks and instead premiered on March 16, 2016, and filled the Wednesday 10:00pm time slot, airing immediately after the original \"Criminal Minds\". The episodes, while produced in a certain order, are not aired in that way. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders (season 1) The first season of \"\" premiered on", "title": "Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders (season 1)" }, { "id": "16770088", "text": "consisted of 12 episodes. A fifth season was announced on 6 June 2016 and began airing on 27 February 2017 and concluded on 1 May 2017 with 10 episodes. Since there has been no announcement of a sixth series, the show is presumed cancelled. The television series has won the Royal Television Society Award for the Children's Drama category in 2013. It also won the Banff Rockie Award in the category for 'Best Children's Programme (fiction)' in the same year. In 2015 the television series won the British Screenwriters' Award in the category 'Best British Children’s Television'. The second series", "title": "Wolfblood" }, { "id": "18859724", "text": "George dislikes Vera and resents her controlling nature. On 14 June 2015 in the UK, the episode garnered 5.465 million viewers on Channel 4 and 0.655 million viewers on its timeshift service. It was the highest-rated show on the channel that week. A total of 6.814 million viewers watched the show including recorded views. In the U.S., the episode aired on 28 June 2015 and received 1.73 million live viewers. Three days later, 2.5 million viewers in total had watched the episode. Brandon Nowalk of \"The A.V. Club\" gave the episode a B, describing most of the adaptation changes from", "title": "Series 1, Episode 1 (Humans)" }, { "id": "16967726", "text": "which marked a 110 percent increase from the previous year. Furthermore, it was watched by 837,000 kids aged 9–14, which saw a 239 percent increase. This also made it the most-watched episode of the first season. The season finale, \"Gut Grinder\", was watched by 1.77 million viewers. Originally, the first ten episodes were bundled into 30-minute airings. This means two of the eleven-minute segments were combined into one. Starting with the eleventh episode, \"Wizard\", the episodes dropped to only one, eleven-minute segment. The season has received largely positive reviews from critics. Television critic Robert Lloyd, in an article for the", "title": "Adventure Time (season 1)" }, { "id": "6240642", "text": "Cynthia Geary Cynthia Geary (born March 21, 1965, Jackson, Mississippi) is an American actress best known for her role as Shelly Tambo in the television series \"Northern Exposure\". In her Emmy-nominated role, she played a former Miss Northwest Passage beauty queen living with a decades-older lover, Holling Vincoeur (played by John Cullum). Together they ran Cicely, Alaska's tavern and restaurant, The Brick. Encouraged at an early age by her mother (a voice and music teacher), Geary studied ballet, voice, and piano. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in vocal performance from the University of Mississippi, where she was a", "title": "Cynthia Geary" }, { "id": "20318973", "text": "it moved to CTV for its fourth and final season, consisting of eight episodes. The first season originally aired from January 29 to April 2, 2014, while the second season aired from January 19 to March 23, 2015. A third season premiered on June 20, 2016, concluding on August 22, and the fourth season premiered on July 31, 2017, and concluded on September 18. In the United States, the series airs on the streaming service Acorn TV, with the first season premiering on January 18, 2016, the second on May 16, the third on October 24, and the fourth on", "title": "19-2 (2014 TV series)" }, { "id": "8611204", "text": "The Thin Man (TV series) The Thin Man is a half-hour weekly television series based on the mystery novel \"The Thin Man\" (1933) by Dashiell Hammett. The 72 episodes were produced by MGM Television and broadcast by NBC for two seasons from 1957–1959 on Friday evening. It was the first TV series produced by MGM. The series starred Peter Lawford and Phyllis Kirk as Nick and Nora Charles. The dog, Asta, was played by three identical wire-hair terriers. Jack Albertson, Patricia Donahue, and Nita Talbot had recurring roles during the show's second season. Albertson played Lieutenant Harry Evans of the", "title": "The Thin Man (TV series)" }, { "id": "11195316", "text": "the seamless morphing between a human actor and a photorealistic CGI model of the actor. In 1993, Ted Fay created the first photorealistic talking dog for \"Northern Exposure\", a technology that was further advanced for the film version of \"Dr. Dolittle\". The talking dog was created for season 5, episode 12 entitled \", which aired January 10, 1994. \"The CBS hit series is known for its offbeat scripts and quirky guests, and next week's episode is no exception,\" observed E! News Daily's Bianca Ferrare, adding \"The dog talking here in fluent French-Canadian is a figment of the character's imagination, but", "title": "VisionArt" }, { "id": "17431142", "text": "Order 2579: Exposing the Americans\", \"Perfecting the Art of Espionage\" and \"Ingenuity Over Technology\"; a gag reel; deleted scenes; and trailers. The Americans (season 1) The first season of the American television drama series \"The Americans\" premiered on January 30, 2013, and concluded on May 1, 2013. It consisted of 13 episodes, each running approximately 45 minutes in length. FX broadcast the first season on Wednesdays at 10:00 pm in the United States. The series is produced by DreamWorks Television. \"The Americans\" was created by Joe Weisberg. Set during the Cold War period in the 1980s, \"The Americans\" is the", "title": "The Americans (season 1)" }, { "id": "19721949", "text": "The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary. On May 1, 2018, the show moved to the Disney Channel, with new episodes airing on Fridays beginning May 4, 2018. In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017. The full series debuted on March 1, 2018 on Disney XD. In Indonesia,", "title": "DuckTales (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "10409773", "text": "Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd", "title": "2007 Dallas Desperados season" }, { "id": "2861302", "text": "Futurama (season 1) The first season of \"Futurama\" began airing on March 28, 1999 and concluded after 13 episodes on November 14, 1999. The entire season is included within the Volume One DVD box set, which was released on March 25, 2003. There is a total of 13 episodes contained in the production season, although the last four episodes were pre-empted by sporting events and pushed into the second broadcast season. The full thirteen episodes of the season have been released on a box set called \"Futurama: Volume One\", on DVD and VHS. It was released in the United Kingdom,", "title": "Futurama (season 1)" }, { "id": "10592736", "text": "Cornelius Productions for Fox Television. Richard Cummings Jr. Richard Cummings Jr. is an American actor and film director most recognized for his acting roles in the Emmy award-winning dramas \"thirtysomething\" and \"Northern Exposure\". He is currently working as a film and television director. Recent projects include partnering with Warner Bros. Television and Don Cornelius to produce a new series and planned film at Dimension Films. Cummings Jr. was born and raised in New York City where he played basketball in high school and thought he would continue in college. However, he soon landed his first acting gig, a Wheaties’ commercial.", "title": "Richard Cummings Jr." }, { "id": "3669910", "text": "role of Walter Skinner. Glen Morgan and James Wong's early influence on \"The X-Files\" mythology led to their introduction of popular secondary characters who would continue for years in episodes written by others, such as the Scully family—Dana's father William (Don S. Davis), mother Margaret (Sheila Larken) and sister Melissa (Melinda McGraw)—as well as conspiracy-buff trio The Lone Gunmen. Initially, there was no certainty as to how long the series would go on for, and as a result there was no long-term plan in the beginning to guide its writers. Although the initial impetus for the show was based on", "title": "The X-Files (season 1)" }, { "id": "10993166", "text": "for a Drama Series as co-writers on the third season \"Northern Exposure\" episode \"Seoul Mates\". The production team were nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series again for the third season and this time won the award. Frolov and Schneider were renewed as writers for the fourth season and again contributed six episodes across the season's 1992 to 1993 run. The production team was also nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series for the fourth season but did not win. Frolov and Schneider were promoted to executive producers for the fifth season and wrote a further", "title": "Diane Frolov" }, { "id": "19387444", "text": "Movie Network, and debuted simultaneously with the U.S. broadcast. In Australia, episodes of the series are available to stream on Stan the same day as the original U.S. broadcast. Two episodes were screened at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. In Japan, the series airs on the satellite television network Wowow, which also aired the original series. The first two episodes garnered positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 94% rating with an average score of 7.75 out of 10 based on 71 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, \"Surreal, suspenseful, and visually stunning, this new \"Twin Peaks\"", "title": "Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "20763166", "text": "been in a recurring role. On October 16, 2018, it was reported that Bruce Dern, Melissa Rauch, Horatio Sanz, Julie Hagerty, Vanessa Bell Calloway, Tim Russ and Jason Michael Snow would appear in guest starring roles. Principal photography for the pilot was expected to begin in mid-February 2018 in Los Angeles, California. Filming for the rest of season one began on September 28, 2018, at the Millennium Biltmore Hotel in Downtown Los Angeles. On September 28, 2018, the first teaser trailer for the series was released. On October 19, 2018, the official trailer for the series was released. On December", "title": "Black Monday (TV series)" }, { "id": "18106657", "text": "returned in January 2015 for a ten-part second series. A third series containing ten episodes began in November 2015. The fourth series of ten episodes aired in June 2016. The fifth series, lasting eight episodes, started in February 2017. A ten-part second series was filmed and broadcast in 2015 on Dave. A ten-part third series (plus Christmas special) was broadcast on Dave. A ten-part fourth series was filmed during February–March 2016. and was broadcast on consecutive nights from 11 June 2016. An eight-part fifth series was broadcast from February to April 2017. Alan Davies: As Yet Untitled Alan Davies: As", "title": "Alan Davies: As Yet Untitled" }, { "id": "5108885", "text": "Feature. The music video for the song features visual imagery based on the paintings of Maxfield Parrish, and was an early appearance for British TV-personality Martine McCutcheon. Caribbean Blue \"Caribbean Blue\" is a song by Irish musician Enya originally released as the second track on her 1991 album \"Shepherd Moons\". \"Caribbean Blue\" got to Number 13 in the UK Singles Chart. The song follows a waltz time signature, and mentions the Anemoi (Ancient Greek wind gods): Boreas, Afer Ventus (Africus), Eurus, and Zephyrus. The song plays at the end of the \"Northern Exposure\" season 3 episode \"\". Caribbean Blue was", "title": "Caribbean Blue" }, { "id": "3322654", "text": "North Shore (TV series) North Shore is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on Fox every Monday at 8 p.m. EST (7 p.m. CST) for seven months in 2004 and 2005. It centered on the staff and guests of the fictional Grand Waimea Hotel and Resort (actually the real-life Turtle Bay Resort located near Kahuku, O'ahu) on Oahu's North Shore in Hawaii. From Fox's website: \"North Shore\" premiered on June 14, 2004, with a 13-episode commitment from Fox. The show was canceled in January 2005 after a 21-episode, single-season run. The show ended on a cliffhanger, and the final", "title": "North Shore (TV series)" }, { "id": "16262234", "text": "1969. BBC Enterprises retained negatives of the original 16 mm film with soundtracks made in 1967; these were returned to the BBC Archives in 1978. \"The Reign of Terror\" was transmitted weekly from 8 August to 12 September; the second and third episodes were shifted to the later time of 5:30 p.m., the fourth episode was broadcast at 5:15 p.m. (due to coverage of the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo), and the final two episodes again shifted to 5:30 p.m. The original prints of \"The Reign of Terror\" were wiped by BBC Enterprises in 1972. The sixth episode was returned to", "title": "Doctor Who (season 1)" } ]

[ "Pacquiao" ]

[ { "id": "12711178", "text": "end the round. The fight is stopped before the start of the ninth round and Pacquiao is awarded the victory. Pacquiao was ahead on all three judges' scorecards before the stoppage, with two judges scoring the fight at 80-71 (Pacquiao won all rounds) and one scoring it at 79–72 (Pacquiao won 7 rounds and lost 1). After the bout trainer Freddie Roach stated, \"We knew we had him after the first round. He had no legs, he was hesitant and he was shot.\" Confirming Roach's pre-fight predictions that he'd grown too old, De La Hoya crossed the ring to Pacquiao's", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "12711167", "text": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao, also billed as The Dream Match, was a professional boxing welterweight superfight. The bout took place on December 6, 2008 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. Pacquiao defeated De La Hoya via technical knockout when De La Hoya decided not to continue with the fight before the start of the ninth round. The card was a co-production of Bob Arum's Top Rank Boxing and De La Hoya's Golden Boy Promotions and was aired live on pay-per-view (PPV) on HBO PPV. The", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "12711168", "text": "fight is notable for propelling Manny Pacquiao to full-blown superstar status in much of the western world (mostly in The United States), as Oscar De La Hoya symbolically \"passed the torch\", so to speak, to Pacquiao. Despite no title belts being disputed, the bout received a lot of publicity since the two boxers were decorated, with Pacquiao being the current number one pound for pound boxer in the world as judged by \"The Ring\", and a five-time world champion in five different weight divisions (Pacquiao was the reigning WBC lightweight champion at the time of the bout). Meanwhile, De La", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "12711174", "text": "sold out just hours after they went on sale. The total gate revenues were said to be nearly $17 million. That amount apparently gave the bout the second-largest gate revenue in boxing history (after the De La Hoya-Mayweather Jr. fight on May 5, 2007 which generated $18.4 million in gate revenue). Manny Pacquiao soundly defeated Oscar De La Hoya, surprising many pre-fight analysts who had predicted a victory by De La Hoya. The fight ended at the beginning of the 9th round after Oscar and his corner threw in the towel. On round 1, De La Hoya's opening punches miss", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "20271980", "text": "some boxing pundits had speculated that 147 pounds could be too far above his natural weight against the larger De La Hoya. However, due to rehydration after the weigh in, De La Hoya came into the fight actually weighing less than Pacquiao and close to 20 pounds under his usual fighting weight. Pacquiao dominated the fight and, after eight rounds, De La Hoya's corner was forced to throw in the towel, awarding Pacquiao the win via technical knockout. Pacquiao was ahead on all three judges' scorecards before the stoppage, with two judges scoring the fight at 80–71 and one scoring", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "936461", "text": "into the fight recognized as the leading pound for pound boxer in the world, some pundits speculated that 147 pounds could have been too far above his natural weight against the larger De La Hoya. However, Pacquiao's trainer Freddie Roach was confident of a victory as he stated that De La Hoya could no longer \"pull the trigger\" at that stage of his career. De La Hoya, who was favored to win the bout due to his size advantage, was expected to be the heavier of the two on fight night. However, though Pacquiao weighed and De La Hoya at", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya" }, { "id": "16276410", "text": "Pacquiao's favor. ESPN boxing analyst and longtime trainer Teddy Atlas said that Pacquiao clearly won, and that it was a case of either incompetence or corruption. He added that boxing needs a national commission, so that judges can be accountable for their decisions. According to the AP's count, Pacquiao landed 253 punches to Bradley's 159. Former champion Oscar De La Hoya said that Bradley should have refused the title belt, and Pacquiao had won the fight. However, not everyone was upset by the result. Corbin Middlemas of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation said the fight was very close and difficult to", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley" }, { "id": "936460", "text": "La Hoya showed a more relaxed style, throwing a constant jab and always staying on his toes. He opened a cut near Forbes' eye in the sixth round, going on to win by unanimous decision in 12.` On June 6, 2008, Floyd Mayweather, Jr. announced his first of many subsequent retirements from boxing, effectively ending talk of a rematch. De La Hoya faced Manny Pacquiao (47–3–2) on December 6, 2008 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. Presented by Golden Boy Promotions and Top Rank, Inc., the bout was a twelve-round, non-title fight at the welterweight limit. Although Pacquiao went", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya" }, { "id": "12711180", "text": "at that time, along with De La Hoya–Mayweather Jr. (2.4 million buys) in May 2007, De La Hoya–Hopkins (1 million buys) in 2004, and De La Hoya–Trinidad (1.4 million buys) in 1999. The PPV card was the highest-grossing PPV event of the year in North America, ahead of UFC 91 (Randy Couture vs. Brock Lesnar) and WrestleMania XXIV. Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao, also billed as The Dream Match, was a professional boxing welterweight superfight. The bout took place on December 6, 2008 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, Las Vegas,", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "13182835", "text": "on the canvas after the bout, with referee Kenny Bayless's saying that \"[he] didn't have to count.\" Hatton lay on the canvass for several minutes before getting up; he was eventually taken to a local hospital for a precautionary brain scan. Over the two rounds, Pacquiao landed 73 blows, including 65 power punches, to Hatton's 18, which included 2 jabs. Pacquiao's win made him one of only two (the other being Oscar De La Hoya) to win six world championships in six different weight divisions at that time (he won his seventh world title in seventh weight division on 14", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton" }, { "id": "936462", "text": "the official weigh-in on Friday, De La Hoya entered the ring at 147 pounds to Pacquiao's . De La Hoya took a beating and his corner stopped the fight after the eighth round. Pacquiao was ahead on all three judges' scorecards before the stoppage, with two judges scoring the fight 80–71 and the other judge scoring it at 79–72. After the bout, Pacquiao's trainer Freddie Roach stated, \"We knew we had him after the first round. He had no legs, he was hesitant and he was shot.\" Confirming Roach's pre-fight predictions that he'd grown too old, De La Hoya crossed", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya" }, { "id": "12711173", "text": "speculated that 147 pounds could be too far above his natural weight against the larger De La Hoya. Many boxing analysts believed the fight would favor Oscar. Boxing analysts stated that Oscar's size, reach, experience, and good chin made Manny the underdog in this mega fight. Training for the fight Oscar hired trainers Angelo Dundee, Ignacio \"Nacho\" Beristain, and young boxing talent Edwin Valero. Oscar told the news that his team is unbeatable, while Freddie Roach said, \"No one is going to be able to help Oscar pull the trigger when he faces Manny Pacquiao on Dec. 6\". Tickets reportedly", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "19854707", "text": "In 2008, Pacquiao was set to fight Oscar De La Hoya in his first match as a welterweight. Through nine rounds De La Hoya could not handle the speed of his opponent, which Pacquiao won by TKO, finally taking place as The Ring's #1 Pound-for-Pound Fighter. His subsequent knockout victories over Ricky Hatton and Miguel Cotto, he became the WBO Welterweight Champion in 2009 by beating the latter, his 7th world title. Pacquiao had obtained the status of an international superstar athlete, gaining endorsements from Nike, HP, Wonderful Pistachios, etc. and starring in films such as Wapakman and \"Anak ng", "title": "Manny (film)" }, { "id": "17399349", "text": "what? I beat (Hatton) when he was undefeated. Pacquiao beat Oscar, it don't matter. Going down to 147 pounds was too much for (De La Hoya), he was dead after the first round. ... When you talk boxing, you talk Floyd Mayweather.\" Pacquiao would go on to defeat Hatton by a second-round knockout to win \"The Ring\" junior welterweight title. The win made him the second boxer in history to win titles in six weight divisions, the first being Oscar De La Hoya. Mayweather vs. Marquez was postponed until September 19, 2009, due to a rib injury suffered by Mayweather.", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "18678660", "text": "view on In Demand, HBO, DirecTV, and SkyCable. Pacquiao won the fight via unanimous decision, knocking down Larios two times. The three judges scored the fight 117–110, 118–108 and 120–106 all for Pacquiao. On July 3, 2006, the day after winning the fight against Larios, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo personally bestowed the Order of Lakandula with the rank of \"Champion for Life\" (Kampeon Habambuhay) and the plaque of appreciation to Pacquiao in a simple ceremony at the Presidential Study of Malacañang Palace. Many people criticized the bout for its expensive tickets. A few days before the fight, more than half", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Óscar Larios" }, { "id": "12711172", "text": "After Cotto was defeated by Margarito, it was announced that De La Hoya and Pound For Pound superstar Manny Pacquiao had agreed to fight December 6, 2008 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas at the welterweight limit of 147 lbs. On August 28, 2008, a teleconference was held by Golden Boy Promotions to officially announce the fight. Presented by Golden Boy Promotions and Top Rank, Inc., the bout was scheduled as a 12-round, non-title fight contested at the 147-pound welterweight limit. Although Pacquiao went into the fight recognized as the leading pound-for-pound boxer in the world, some boxing pundits", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "12711171", "text": "finishing with two mega bouts in September and December respectively. De La Hoya defeated Stevie Forbes in the May tune-up bout in preparation for Mayweather. Due to Mayweather's unexpected retirement however, Ricky Hatton was the new potential candidate to fight De La Hoya on September 20. However, Hatton rejected the offer because he felt the scheduled date was too close to his last bout. De La Hoya then decided to pass on a fight in September to set the stage for a showdown against either Manny Pacquiao or Miguel Cotto, should Cotto win his fight against Antonio Margarito in July.", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "17399347", "text": "these past few years have been extremely difficult for me to find the desire and joy to continue in the sport.\" At the time, 31-year-old Mayweather registered 39 wins and no losses in his historic career. At the time of his retirement, \"The Ring\" magazine had Mayweather ranked as the number 1 pound-for-pound fighter in the world, with Manny Pacquiao at number 2. During Mayweather's brief retirement, Pacquiao earned superstar status in much of the Western world with his eighth-round TKO victory over Óscar de la Hoya, for which he moved up from lightweight to welterweight (135 pounds to 147", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "12711169", "text": "Hoya was an Olympic gold medalist and past holder of 10 world titles in six weight divisions. Pacquiao had to step up two weight divisions (from lightweight), and De La Hoya had to go down one weight division (from light middleweight), to be eligible for the bout's welterweight division. The ideas of having De La Hoya and Pacquiao fight came from HBO boxing analyst Larry Merchant talking with ESPN boxing analyst Dan Rafael. Larry then presented the idea to Golden Boy Promotions CEO Richard Schaefer and Top Rank CEO Bob Arum. Bob presented the idea to Manny Pacquiao trainer Freddie", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "12711177", "text": "legs almost gave out, just as he ceased punching back. His uppercut misses Pacquiao as his opponent releases more jabs to end round 7. Pacquiao pursues De La Hoya's body but is warned by referee Tony Weeks to \"keep them up\" (keep punches above the belt). De La Hoya's right connects, but Pacquiao's combo pins De La Hoya in the corner. Another left by Pacquiao dazes the Mexican-American, as the Filipino follows up with another combination which wobbles De La Hoya. Pacquiao throws another combo as De La Hoya goes for the body. The Filipino unleashes a four-punch combo to", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "867556", "text": "upset of Mike Tyson for the undisputed world heavyweight title in Tokyo, Japan; The World Awaits - Floyd Mayweather, Jr. beat Oscar De La Hoya for the WBC super-welterweight title; \"Undefeated\" - Floyd Mayweather, Jr. beat Ricky Hatton to retain the WBC welterweight title with a TKO in the 10th round; The Dream Match - The Welterweight match between Manny Pacquiao (moving up 2 weight classes) against Oscar De La Hoya (moving down 1 weight class). Pacquiao won by TKO before the 9th round began (De La Hoya retired on his stool), Mayweather Jr. vs. Pacquiao, when Mayweather outpointed Pacquiao", "title": "HBO World Championship Boxing" }, { "id": "13182822", "text": "other being Oscar De La Hoya) to win six world titles in six different weight divisions at that time (he won his seventh world title in seventh weight division on 14 November 2009 against Miguel Cotto). With Pacquiao winning his bout against Oscar De La Hoya, Ricky Hatton was seen as the next opponent for Pacquiao. At mid-December, both boxers verbally agreed on a 50% split of the proceeds; however, Pacquiao changed his decision to a favorable 60%–40% split of the pay-per-view (PPV) revenues, while Hatton wanted an even 50% split. Pacquiao's promoter Bob Arum of Top Rank Boxing said", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton" }, { "id": "19854703", "text": "Manny (film) Manny is a 2014 documentary directed by Leon Gast and Ryan Moore. It covers the life of professional boxer Manny Pacquiao, from his impoverished life as a young boy to his boxing glory to Philippine politics. The film is narrated by Liam Neeson. Additionally, interviews of friends, family members, and people associated with professional boxing, combined with archival footage of Pacquiao, were used throughout the movie. Notable appearances in the film include Oscar De La Hoya, Jimmy Kimmel, Jeremy Piven, and Mark Wahlberg. The documentary opens showing the final seconds of his fourth fight against Juan Manuel Márquez,", "title": "Manny (film)" }, { "id": "12711175", "text": "Pacquiao; Pacquiao's own straight left followed by a combination connects. The boxers exchange punches, with another Pacquiao straight left to end the round. At the start of the second round, a double jab by De La Hoya persuades Pacquiao to retreat. Only the second of De La Hoya's two combinations hits Pacquiao. A combo from Pacquiao leaves De La Hoya's face reddened. A flurry of punches from Pacquiao ends the round. The third round is more of the same as De La Hoya becomes increasingly unable to answer Pacquiao's combos. Pacquiao unleashes a flurry of punches in round 5; De", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "13097124", "text": "rounds. It was always thought that if Hatton won he would have fought the winner of Manny Pacquiao vs. Oscar De La Hoya. When Manny Pacquiao defeated De La Hoya it was arranged that they will meet on May 2 in Las Vegas. Hatton was swiftly defeated. Malignaggi contemplated retirement but decided to fight on for money. Ricky Hatton vs. Paulie Malignaggi Ricky Hatton vs. Paulie Malignaggi was a boxing light welterweight match-up between the top two in the division at that time, to determine the number one light welterweight in the world. It was called \"Power vs. Precision\" and", "title": "Ricky Hatton vs. Paulie Malignaggi" }, { "id": "12711176", "text": "La Hoya saw it coming but wasn't able to react fast enough. De La Hoya himself lands a body shot and a couple of hooks, but the two boxers exchange punches at the end of the round. The next round begins as the last ended, with the men exchanging jabs. Pacquiao appears winded as he misses a left hook, but the follow-up lands on target. Pacquiao lands a right, and a four-punch combo to end the round. In Round 7, Pacquiao lands a jab as De La Hoya misses his; Pacquiao unleashes another flurry of punches as De La Hoya's", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "20271979", "text": "and in appreciation of the honor and inspiration he has been bringing... to the Filipino people.\" He received a plaque from the then House Speaker Prospero Nograles. On December 6, 2008, Pacquiao moved up to the welterweight division in order to face the six-division world champion Oscar De La Hoya at the MGM Grand, in a fight called \"The Dream Match\". Presented by Golden Boy Promotions and Top Rank, the bout was scheduled as a twelve-round, non-title fight contested at the 147-pound welterweight limit. Although Pacquiao went into the fight widely recognized as the leading pound-for-pound boxer in the world,", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "3622908", "text": "in 2012. He is also the longest reigning top-ten active boxer on \"The Ring\"'s pound for pound list from November 2003 to April 2016. Over the course of his decorated career, Pacquiao has defeated 20 world champions - Chatchai Sasakul, Lehlohonolo Ledwaba, Jorge Eliecer Julio, Marco Antonio Barrera (twice), Erik Morales (twice), Oscar Larios, Jorge Solis, Juan Manuel Marquez (twice), David Diaz, Oscar De La Hoya, Ricky Hatton, Miguel Cotto, Joshua Clottey, Antonio Margarito, Shane Mosley, Brandon Rios, Timothy Bradley (twice), Chris Algieri, Jessie Vargas and Lucas Matthysse. Pacquiao has also generated approximately 19.2 million in pay-per-view buys and $1.2", "title": "Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "9421551", "text": "bout by a split decision. The fight once held the record for most pay-per-view buys and once held the record as the second highest grossing fight in the history of the sport. They also co-promoted along with Top Rank, The Dream Match: Oscar De La Hoya Vs Manny Pacquiao on December 6, 2008. In June 2009, Golden Boy Enterprises became embroiled in a dispute over who would fight for the WBA junior welterweight title. On the one hand, undefeated Dmitry Salita (the WBA's No. 1-ranked 140-pounder) was told by the WBA in writing that he will face the winner of", "title": "Golden Boy Promotions" }, { "id": "17399346", "text": "by the Nevada State Athletic Commission. When the fight was announced, Mayweather was 38 years old and still undefeated, with a perfect professional record of 47 wins and 0 losses. On June 6, 2008, six months after defeating Ricky Hatton by a tenth-round TKO, Mayweather announced his retirement from boxing. At the time, plans were in motion for a rematch with Oscar De La Hoya, which was going to take place September 20, 2008. \"This decision was not an easy one for me to make as boxing is all I have done since I was a child,\" Mayweather said. \"However,", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "6977630", "text": "way of his counter punches. Márquez landed only 19% of his punches according to Compubox punch stats. Mayweather knocked Márquez down in the 2nd round. Mayweather won the fight by unanimous decision. This was the fifth non-heavyweight fight in boxing history to sell more than one million pay-per-views, with the official HBO numbers totaling about $52 million. It was also the first fight to sell more than one million PPVs without featuring Oscar De La Hoya. Two months later, Manny Pacquiao vs. Miguel Cotto would sell 1.25 million PPVs. When asked upon his return to the lightweight division, Márquez said:", "title": "Juan Manuel Márquez" }, { "id": "12711179", "text": "corner after the bout was stopped and told Roach, \"You're right Freddie. I don't have it anymore.\" When asked by reporters whether he would continue fighting, De La Hoya responded, \"My heart still wants to fight, that's for sure. But when your physical doesn't respond, what can you do? I have to be smart and make sure I think about my future plans.\" On December 10, 2008, HBO announced that the fight generated 1.25 million PPV buys totalling more than $70 million in PPV revenue. This fight was only the fourth non-heavyweight bout to have more than one million buys", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "17907398", "text": "decision with most of the fans thinking it was a clear cut win for De La Hoya all three judges scoring the fight 115–113 (seven rounds to five) in his favor. The decision angered De La Hoya who stated \"Obviously, I thought I won the fight. I didn't think it was close.\" Feeling that he had clearly won the fight, De La Hoya officially launched an official protest shortly after the fight. De La Hoya stated that he felt \"something was wrong\" with the scoring and vowed to \"get to the bottom of it.\" De La Hoya's trainer Floyd Mayweather,", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Shane Mosley II" }, { "id": "16276409", "text": "me with his punches, most of them landed on my arms.\" Immediately after the fight, Bradley stated, \"Every round was pretty close. I got to go home and view the tape and see if I really won.\" He later remarked, \"I thought I won the fight. I didn't think he was as good as everyone says he was. I didn't feel his power.\" The decision was criticized by many commentators. The Associated Press and the \"Los Angeles Times\" scored the fight 117–111 in favor of Pacquiao, while ESPN and Harold Lederman of HBO both scored the fight 119–109, also in", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley" }, { "id": "15067015", "text": "sustained three cuts, prompting Pacquiao to ask the referee, Laurence Cole, to stop the fight. Ringside commentators agreed as well that the fight should have been stopped. The fight went the distance with Pacquiao winning via unanimous decision over Margarito. Pacquiao almost knocked out Margarito in the 4th round with a left hook to the body and in the 6th round Margarito connected a solid left hook to the body that sent Pacquiao into the ropes and almost down. Judges' scores were Juergen Langos 120–108, Glen Rick Crocker 118–110, and Oren Shellenberger 119–109 in favor of Pacquiao. Pacquiao landed 474", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito" }, { "id": "8445353", "text": "Card Boxing Club on Vine Street. Roach owns the Wild Card Boxing Club in Los Angeles and works alongside his brother Pepper. He is one of the most popular trainers in boxing. Roach's prized ward is eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao. Roach also once trained Oscar De La Hoya for his May 5, 2007 superfight against Floyd Mayweather Jr.. His first world champion was Virgil Hill, whom he took over from his own former trainer, Eddie Futch. He is also the former trainer for British boxers Gary Stretch (former WBC super welterweight Champion) Training Stretch for his WBO Middleweight Championship", "title": "Freddie Roach (boxing)" }, { "id": "12711170", "text": "Roach. It was even mentioned on the PPV broadcast that it was Larry's idea, even mentioning Dan Rafael by name. Freddie Roach since the De La Hoya- Mayweather fight has said in the media and in the De La Hoya/Pacquiao 24/7 series, press conferences, promos leading to the Dream Match that Oscar \"can't pull the trigger anymore.\" After De La Hoya's May 5 loss to Floyd Mayweather, Jr. in 2007 \"(see De La Hoya-Mayweather boxing match)\", De La Hoya decided to close out his career with three fights in 2008. The first would be a tune-up bout in May before", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "1265363", "text": "broken by De La Hoya-Mayweather on May 5, 2007. It set the record 2.4 million buys, the most in boxing history until that was surpassed by Mayweather-Pacquiao in 2015 with the record of 4.4 million buys. Oscar De La Hoya vs. Félix Trinidad Oscar De La Hoya vs. Félix Trinidad, billed as The Fight of the Millennium, was a boxing match held in Las Vegas, Nevada, on September 18, 1999, to unify the WBC and IBF's world Welterweight championships. After twelve tensely fought rounds, Trinidad was declared winner by a majority decision. Planned by promoters Bob Arum and Don King,", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Félix Trinidad" }, { "id": "16276407", "text": "won a highly controversial split decision over Pacquiao. Judges Duane Ford and C. J. Ross scored the fight 115–113 in favor of Bradley, while Jerry Roth scored the fight 115–113 in favor of Pacquiao. It was Pacquiao's first defeat in seven years. For his win, Bradley received a US$5 million check—the largest prize of his career. Source: Following the announcement of the decision, the crowd booed loudly. Pacquiao appeared to be stunned by the result. Fight promoter Bob Arum was irate, and said that he was worried about boxing's credibility in the aftermath of the decision. He also questioned the", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley" }, { "id": "11292619", "text": "Film. Kenny Bayless Kenny Bayless (born 1950) is an American boxing referee from Nevada. He is best known for having refereed many of the sport's superfights, including Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton, Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr., Ricky Hatton vs. Paulie Malignaggi, Miguel Cotto vs. Antonio Margarito, Manny Pacquiao vs. Miguel Cotto, Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin, as well as Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao. Bayless's catchphrase, when giving his instructions to the fighters before the opening bell, is \"What I say you must obey.\" Bayless is set to star as himself in the upcoming Creed", "title": "Kenny Bayless" }, { "id": "936450", "text": "De La Hoya knocked Vargas down with a left hook and stopped him moments later. The win is widely considered to be the biggest of De La Hoya's career. Vargas tested positive for stanozolol after the fight. De La Hoya defended his unified title against Yori Boy Campas (80–5) with a routine seventh round stoppage then faced Shane Mosley (38–2) in a rematch. The fight, billed as \"Retribution\" and staged at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, was more of a boxing match than their first encounter, and while some rounds were close, De La Hoya's game plan utilizing his jab", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya" }, { "id": "17399341", "text": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao, billed as The Fight of the Century, or the Battle for Greatness, was a professional boxing match between undefeated five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. and eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao. It took place on May 2, 2015, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. Mayweather Jr. won the contest by unanimous decision, with two judges scoring it 116–112 and the other 118–110. Although the fight was considered to be one of the most anticipated sporting events in history, it was largely considered a letdown", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "17399350", "text": "Despite being out of the ring for 21 months, Mayweather looked as sharp as ever and dominated the fight, winning by a lopsided twelve-round unanimous decision. After the bout, Mayweather Promotions CEO Leonard Ellerbe stated that a fight with Pacquiao was the \"next obvious choice from a marketing standpoint.\" On November 14, 2009, Pacquiao stopped Puerto Rican star Miguel Cotto in round twelve to win the WBO welterweight title. Pacquiao's victory sparked a media frenzy and fans were quick to demand a fight between the two of them, despite the fact that the actual fight itself had not officially been", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "20271981", "text": "it at 79–72. Moreover, Pacquiao landed 224 out of 585 punches, whilst De La Hoya landed only 83 out of 402 punches. After the bout, trainer Freddie Roach stated, \"We knew we had him after the first round. He had no legs, he was hesitant and he was shot.\" The fight would be De La Hoya's last, as he announced his retirement from boxing shortly after. Pacquiao received 15 to 30 million dollars (share of the pay-per-view), plus a guaranteed amount. Tickets reportedly sold out just hours after they went on sale. Moreover, the total gate revenue for the fight", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "3622933", "text": "epic match against De La Hoya on November 2008. Pacquiao is also mentioned in some hip hop tracks including Kool A.D.'s song entitled \"Manny Pacquiao\" on his mixtape, \"51\". A few notable ones are Pitbull's \"Get It Started\", A$AP Rocky's \"Phoenix\", Bad Meets Evil and Bruno Mars' \"Lighters\", Eminem and Skylar Grey's \"Asshole\", Future's \"Never Gon' Lose\", Migos' \"Chinatown\", Nicki Minaj and Ciara's \"I'm Legit\" and Rick Ross's \"High Definition\", to name a few. On November 26, 2013, a few days after Pacquiao's victory over Brandon Rios, the Philippine Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) issued a freeze order on all", "title": "Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "5424664", "text": "De La Hoya in anticipation for Mayweather Jr. – De La Hoya II presented by Golden Boy Promotions. However, due to disagreements with how revenues would be divided amongst the two fighters, the bout was cancelled. Mayweather Sr. trained Manchester's Ricky Hatton for seven weeks prior to his bout against Paulie Malignaggi on November 22, 2008 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. Hatton retained his IBO light welterweight title with a technical knockout in the 11th round. However, Hatton lost only his second fight under Mayweather Sr. with a second-round knockout by Manny Pacquiao. The famous feud between Floyd", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Sr." }, { "id": "17342356", "text": "won his fourth fight on April 3, again in the Fantasy Springs Casino in Indio,California. \"The Golden Kid\" won by unanimous decision in 6 rounds against Puerto Rican Jaxel Marrero. He won his next four fights with three coming by way of TKO victories. On September 4, 2015, De La Hoya stepped up and faced Jesus \"Estrella\" Ruiz, who had earlier that year lost to Leo Santa Cruz in a world title fight. De La Hoya won the fight via unanimous decision (100-90, 100-90, 99-91). On the undercard of Canelo vs. Khan, De La Hoya faced undefeated American Rocco Santomauro.", "title": "Diego De La Hoya" }, { "id": "6977619", "text": "remainder of the bout which was ended in a controversial, split-decision draw. The final scores were 115–110 for Márquez, 115–110 for Pacquiao and 113–113. Judge Burt A. Clements (who scored the bout 113–113) later admitted to making an error on the scorecards, because he had scored the first round as 10–7 in favor of Pacquiao instead of the standard 10–6 for a three-knockdown round. On September 18, 2004, Márquez made his first appearance on pay-per-view, being on the undercard of Bernard Hopkins vs. Oscar De La Hoya, defeating and retaining his unified titles against future champion Orlando Salido. On May", "title": "Juan Manuel Márquez" }, { "id": "20271991", "text": "75,000 dollars. The lawsuit cited accusations made by Floyd Mayweather Jr., Floyd Mayweather Sr., Roger Mayweather, Oscar De La Hoya and Golden Boy Promotions CEO Richard Schaefer. After negotiations for the Mayweather fight fell through, other boxers were considered to replace Mayweather as Pacquiao's next opponent, including former Light Welterweight Champion Paul Malignaggi, and WBA Light Middleweight title holder Yuri Foreman. However, Pacquiao chose to fight former IBF Welterweight title holder Joshua Clottey instead. On March 13, 2010, at the Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, Pacquiao defeated Clottey via unanimous decision to retain his WBO Welterweight title. The judges scored", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "9421708", "text": "record for most PPV buys for a boxing match with 2.4 million households, beating the previous record of 1.99 million for Evander Holyfield-Mike Tyson II. Around $136 million in revenue was generated by the PPV. Until, it was surpassed in 2015 by Mayweather vs. Pacquiao, which generated more than 400 million dollars from 4.6 million households in PPV buys. Becoming the most lucrative fight in history and one of the most lucrative sport events of all time. Factoring in the percentages, Oscar De La Hoya ended up earning $52 million, the highest purse ever for a fighter. The previous record", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr." }, { "id": "11292618", "text": "Kenny Bayless Kenny Bayless (born 1950) is an American boxing referee from Nevada. He is best known for having refereed many of the sport's superfights, including Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton, Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr., Ricky Hatton vs. Paulie Malignaggi, Miguel Cotto vs. Antonio Margarito, Manny Pacquiao vs. Miguel Cotto, Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin, as well as Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao. Bayless's catchphrase, when giving his instructions to the fighters before the opening bell, is \"What I say you must obey.\" Bayless is set to star as himself in the upcoming Creed 2", "title": "Kenny Bayless" }, { "id": "17399423", "text": "would fight undefeated Japanese kickboxer Tenshin Nasukawa on New Year's Eve that Mayweather cancelled 2 days after the announcement via his social media accounts. Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao, billed as The Fight of the Century, or the Battle for Greatness, was a professional boxing match between undefeated five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. and eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao. It took place on May 2, 2015, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. Mayweather Jr. won the contest by unanimous decision, with two judges scoring it 116–112 and the", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "19406655", "text": "outpointed him throughout the fight, winning by unanimous decision after all three judges scored the bout in his favor, 116-110. According to compubox, Pacquiao landing 28% [122/439] of his punches thrown and 46% of his power punches thrown [92/201], in comparison to Bradley's 33% [99/302] of punches landed and 40% [87/218] of power punches thrown. Tony Weeks served as the third man in the ring whilst the judges who scored the bout and decided its outcome provided it go the full 12-round distance were: Burt Clements (Las Vegas), Dave Moretti (Las Vegas) and Steve Weisfeld (New Jersey). Round 1: Pacquiao", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley III" }, { "id": "16036773", "text": "(135 lbs.) and light welterweight (140 lbs.). On November 14, 2009, Pacquiao surpassed Oscar De La Hoya's record of six-division titles by stopping WBO welterweight champion Miguel Angel Cotto to win his seventh title across seven divisions. One year later, he made history by being the first boxer ever to win eight world titles in eight weight divisions as he dominated Mexican slugger Antonio Margarito to win the vacant WBC light middleweight title. Since 2003, Pacquiao amassed a record of 21 wins, 3 defeats and 1 draw in his last 25 fights. The Filipino fighter defeated some of the best", "title": "History of boxing in the Philippines" }, { "id": "17482854", "text": "Manny Pacquiao vs. David Díaz David Diaz vs. Manny Pacquiao, billed as Lethal Combination, was a lightweight title boxing match. The bout took place on June 28, 2008 at the Mandalay Bay, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. Pacquiao defeated Diaz via technical knockout in the ninth round. The fight sealed Pacquiao's status as the best pound-for-pound fighter after he was elevated to the #1 spot because of the retirement of the undefeated five-division champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. weeks prior to the fight and put Pacquiao's name in the history books as the only Asian fighter to win five world titles", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. David Díaz" }, { "id": "17399412", "text": "of 8:15 p.m. PT (11:15 p.m. ET), to 9:00 p.m PT (12:00 a.m. ET). The fight broke PPV viewership records in the United States, with 4.6 million buys and over $410 million in revenue, surpassing the previous $150 million revenue record set by Floyd Mayweather vs. Saúl Álvarez, the 2.48 million buy record set by 2007's Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr., and a pre-fight estimate of $270 million from 3 million households. In the Philippines, Kantar ratings estimated that the fight was watched across the three-network consortium by 46.9% of Filipino households; of the three networks simulcasting", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "17920907", "text": "use a fight with Camacho as a \"tune-up.\" De La Hoya dominated the fight and picked up an overwhelmingly lopsided unanimous decision victory. Two of the judges had De La Hoya winning all 12 rounds with scores of 120–106 and 120–105, while the third actually gave Camacho two rounds and scored the bout 118–108 in favor of De La Hoya. From the opening bell, De La Hoya served as the aggressor and constantly attacked Camacho. Camacho tried to keep up with his younger and faster opponent, but simply could not land any sustained offense and was forced both to constantly", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Héctor Camacho" }, { "id": "9421710", "text": "with Floyd Mayweather, Sr. as his trainer. De La Hoya (39–5, 30 KOs) looked extremely sluggish but ultimately won a unanimous decision over Forbes, 119–109, 119–109 and 120–108. The rematch never took place due to Mayweather's retirement in 2008 and De La Hoya's retirement in 2009, although Mayweather would return to boxing in 2009 and after further retirement again in 2017 to face Conor McGregor. Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. De La Hoya vs. Mayweather: The World Awaits was a super welterweight superfight that took place on May 5, 2007, at the MGM Grand Arena in Las", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr." }, { "id": "978234", "text": "most lucrative prizefight of that era. The record stood until 2015 before it was broken by Floyd Mayweather, Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao in a fight dubbed as the \"Fight of the Century\" on May 2, 2015 which generated 4.6 million ppv buys and a revenue of over $400 million. The leading PPV attraction, Floyd Mayweather Jr. has generated approximately 24.8 million buys and $1.3 billion in revenue. Manny Pacquiao, ranked second, has generated approximately 19.2 million buys and $1.2 billion in revenue. Oscar De La Hoya, has \"sold\" approximately 14 million units in total, giving $700 million in domestic television", "title": "Pay-per-view" }, { "id": "15766805", "text": "decision, Marquez's fans in the audience believed that Marquez had won the fight. Some of the audience reacted to the decision by hurling food, beer, and ice; a can of beer hit a ringside writer, though no record of any injuries exists. \"The Ring\", which produces its own version of boxing's lineal championships, scored the bout in different ways: its editor, Michael Rosenthal, scored the bout 115–113 for Pacquiao; two of its writers, Lem Satterfield and Mike Koppinger, scored the bout for Marquez 117–111 respectively. Another writer – Doug Fischer, scored the bout a draw. Some Filipino TV news networks", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez III" }, { "id": "13182828", "text": "happy with Mayweather, with whom he replaced his long-time trainer Billy Graham. Some have embraced the fact that Hatton and Pacquiao did not engage in any kind of rampant antagonism during the pre-fight hype, as is most characterized by Floyd Mayweather, Jr.; examples being his bouts against Oscar De La Hoya, where he mocked and abused his opponent in front of him, and Hatton, where some physical jostling was not unheard of. While both did try and downsize the other, there was a friendly and cordial atmosphere to the fighters' meetings, especially in Manchester. Pacquiao vs. Hatton was broadcast as", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton" }, { "id": "17399397", "text": "Representatives of both Meerkat and Periscope reported that they acted upon takedown notices received throughout the evening. ESPN's Ryan McGee dubbed Periscope the \"winner\" of the fight due to the prominence it received through this manner. Dick Costolo, CEO of microblogging service and Periscope parent company Twitter, made a similar remark; although it was initially assumed to be in reference to the illegal streams, he clarified that it was actually in reference to HBO's usage of the service to stream behind-the-scenes from the fighters' locker rooms. The winner of the fight received a newly created belt by the WBC. The", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "20259577", "text": "2011 and 2013, he traveled to the United States as a sparring partner for star Manny Pacquiao. On February 17, 2017, he beat TKO Vijender Kumar from Indonesia in the ninth round at Morseng Thailand Building, Nham Daeng Market, Samut Prakan province. On January 20, 2018, he fought against and lost via 8th round KO to Lucas Matthysse from Argentina for the vacant WBA Welterweight world championship in California, United States. Organized by Oscar De La Hoya's Golden Boy Promotions. In this time, he has Sirimongkol Singwangcha and Suriya Prasathinphimai as a boxing partners. Teerachai Sithmorseng Tewa Kiram (; born", "title": "Teerachai Sithmorseng" }, { "id": "20272014", "text": "MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. In a tough fight, Pacquiao came on the stronger of the two fighters throughout the later rounds of the fight to end up gaining a unanimous decision victory from the judges: 118–110, 116–112, 116–112. Pacquiao faced undefeated WBO light welterweight champion Chris Algieri in Macau on November 23, 2014, for Pacquiao's welterweight title. Pacquiao dominated the bout and scored six official knockdowns en route to a lopsided victory via unanimous decision (119–103, 119–103, and 120–102). Pacquiao fought Floyd Mayweather Jr. in Las Vegas at the MGM Grand Garden Arena on May 2,", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "20272009", "text": "of Pacquiao as the WBO Best Pound-for-Pound Fighter of the Decade. Pacquiao lost the bout in a controversial split decision, scoring 115–113, 113–115, and 113–115 from the three judges. The decision was booed by the crowd and criticized by many news outlets who were independently scoring the fight. However, Pacquiao was gracious in defeat and Bradley called for a rematch. Following the decision, many analysts called the decision a sign of corruption in the sport. ESPN.com scored the fight 119–109 for Pacquiao. HBO's unofficial judge, Harold Lederman, also had it 119–109 for Pacquiao. Most ringside media also scored the fight", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "17399410", "text": "the round to Mayweather. Floyd Mayweather defeated Manny Pacquiao in 12 rounds by unanimous decision, 118–110, 116–112, 116–112, to remain undefeated in his career. According to CompuBox, Mayweather landed 67 more punches throughout the match. Only three times did Pacquiao land double figure punches in a round. These official stats have been disputed by some. Pacquiao himself thought he won the fight, and continues to maintain that he deserved the decision. The fight lived up to revenue expectations, generating somewhere between $300 million and $400 million in gross revenue according to early estimates (including announced ticket sales totalling $72,198,500), which", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "17907399", "text": "Sr. also weighed in, calling the judges \"blind and senile\". A post-fight poll taken by Top Rank, Bob Arum's promotional company, showed that 16 ringsiders had Mosley winning the fight, 8 in favor of De La Hoya, and 4 scoring the fight as a draw. HBO's broadcast team of Jim Lampley, Larry Merchant, and former heavyweight champ and color commentator George Foreman was also surprised by the decision. Harold Lederman, HBO's \"unofficial ringside judge,\" scored the fight 115-113 for De la Hoya. Lampley pointed out that 4 out of 5 sportswriters at ringside had Mosley as the winner. Foreman, a", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Shane Mosley II" }, { "id": "20116134", "text": "punches thrown (32%), whilst Horn landed 92 of 625 thrown (15%). ESPN's Dan Rafael scored the fight 117–111 and ESPN analyst Teddy Atlas scored it 116–111, both for Pacquiao. The Guardian, like Rafael, also scored the fight 117–111 in favor of Pacquiao. CBS Sports scored the fight 114–114 even, while BoxNation's Steve Bunce scored the fight 115–113 for Horn. In total, 12 of 15 media outlets scored the bout for Pacquiao, 2 of 15 outlets ruled in favor of Horn, and 1 scored a draw. The fight was broadcast as a pay-per-view in the fighters' home countries of Australia and", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Jeff Horn" }, { "id": "13182821", "text": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton, billed as The Battle of East and West, was a boxing match for \"The Ring\" light welterweight championship. The bout was held between Manny Pacquiao of General Santos, Philippines and Ricky Hatton from Manchester, United Kingdom. The fight was held on 2 May 2009 at the MGM Grand Las Vegas at Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. Hatton was knocked down by Pacquiao twice during the first round, and again in the second round to lose by KO in the 2nd round. Pacquiao's win makes him one of only two (the", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton" }, { "id": "9421705", "text": "to watch the fight at $55 in the U.S. Mayweather won by a split decision in 12 close-fought rounds, capturing the World Boxing Council (WBC) title. Judges Jerry Roth (115–113) and Chuck Giampa (116–112) scored the fight for Mayweather while judge Tom Kaczmarek had De La Hoya winning, 115–113. As part of the buildup for the fight, HBO produced an unprecedented four-part prelude. The series, titled \"De La Hoya-Mayweather 24/7\", aired installments on the final three Sundays of April, with the fourth installment airing on Thursday, May 3, two days before the fight. The series focused on each fighter's training", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr." }, { "id": "936435", "text": "1992 Summer Olympics where, shortly after having graduated from James A. Garfield High School, he won a gold medal in the lightweight division, and reportedly \"set a sport back on its feet.\" De La Hoya was named \"The Ring\" magazine Fighter of the Year in 1995, and was its top-rated fighter in the world, pound for pound, in 1997 and 1998. He generated approximately $700 million in pay-per-view income, making De La Hoya the top pay-per-view earner before being surpassed by Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Manny Pacquiao. He announced his retirement as a fighter in 2009, following a professional career", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya" }, { "id": "20116137", "text": "vs. Timothy Bradley fight. Post-fight stats showed that Pacquiao landed almost double the number of punches that Horn landed. Dieter Kurtenbach of Fox Sports described the fight as \"rigged\", and T. J. Quinn of ESPN commented, “No way in hell Horn won unanimously,” he tweeted. “A 117–111 card? Ridiculous. This is a hometown hit job. Manny looked old, but mostly in control\". Pacquiao's coach Freddie Roach was disappointed of the results. “That was hard, sometimes I think people need to be investigated,” Roach commented, referring to the score of 117–111 from judge Waleska Roldan. Pacquiao said after the fight that", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Jeff Horn" }, { "id": "16961713", "text": "115–110 Marquez respectively. It also bears noting that despite the three knockdowns in round one, referee Joe Cortez allowed the fight to continue, a decision without which the final three fights would never have occurred. The scoring controversy would continue into the second and third fights, both of which Pacquiao won. Marquez and his supporters cried foul following both bouts, citing Pacquiao's come-forward style opposed to Marquez's counterpunching style, as well as the Filipino congressman's standing in the sport and powerful promotor Bob Arum as reasons for him getting the nod from the judges. The majority decision following the third", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IV" }, { "id": "16036774", "text": "opposition available on the way to superstardom (earning the nickname \"the Mexicutioner\") including Mexicans Marco Antonio Barrera, Erik Morales, Juan Manuel Márquez and Antonio Margarito, British Ricky Hatton, Puerto Rican Miguel Cotto, and Americans Oscar De La Hoya, Shane Mosley and Timothy Bradley. The \"Pacquiao Wave\" regenerated boxing in the Philippines, inspiring a new generation of boxers to aim ever higher. Nonito Donaire, one of the Pacquiao-wave fighters, became the second Asian to win four world titles in four weight divisions by defeating South African Simpiwe Vetyeka to claim the WBA featherweight title on May 31, 2014. In 2017, Donnie", "title": "History of boxing in the Philippines" }, { "id": "13472977", "text": "In January 2015, Oscar De La Hoya announced that Álvarez and James Kirkland (32-1, 28 KOs) had agreed to fight each other although no date or venue was set, in a non-title super welterweight bout. The reason why the date was not set was due to the upcoming Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao fight, not having an official date, however was likely to take place on May 2, 2015. In March, at the official press conference, the fight was announced to take place at the Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas on May 9, 2015, live on HBO, a", "title": "Canelo Álvarez" }, { "id": "20272010", "text": "in favor of Pacquiao. Four days after the fight, Valcarcel said in a statement on June 13, 2012, that, though the WBO did not doubt the ability of the scoring judges, the WBO's Championship Committee would review the video of the fight with five independent, competent and recognized international judges and make a recommendation. On June 21, 2012, the five WBO Championship Committee judges on the review panel announced that Pacquiao should have won, with all five judges scoring the fight in Pacquiao's favor—117–111, 117–111, 118–110, 116–112, and 115–113. The WBO cannot overturn the result of the fight (only the", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "18427352", "text": "pursuing, but not in a hell-bent-for-leather fashion. Final minute arrives, \"Manny, Manny\" chant begins. Final 30 seconds, and it looks as if Pacquiao's knockout-less streak will stretch to nine fights. It does. \"10-9 Pacquiao\" Manny Pacquiao dominated the bout and scored an official six knockdowns en route to a lopsided victory via unanimous decision by the judges (119-103, 119-103 and 120-102). In a Bloomberg TV exclusive with Anchor John Dawson, Pacquiao demonstrated how to throw a punch and said the key to success is \"discipline, discipline and discipline.\" He was speaking ahead of his November 2014 fight with Chris Algieri", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Chris Algieri" }, { "id": "19854708", "text": "Kumander\" in his native Philippines, and making appearances on Jimmy Kimmel Live! With his status as a superstar, Jinkee fears her husband would go back to his womanizing ways. After his victory against Joshua Clottey in the spring of 2010, Top Rank arranged for Pacquiao to face the imposing Antonio Margarito for the WBC Light Middleweight Championship. Through twelve grueling rounds, Pacquiao emerged victorious winning his record-breaking 8th world title, making him the first and only Octuple champion in boxing. Following this, Pacquiao did not seek to defend his new title but took time off to pursue his political aspirations", "title": "Manny (film)" }, { "id": "19854714", "text": "has a score of 35 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating mixed to negative reviews. Manny (film) Manny is a 2014 documentary directed by Leon Gast and Ryan Moore. It covers the life of professional boxer Manny Pacquiao, from his impoverished life as a young boy to his boxing glory to Philippine politics. The film is narrated by Liam Neeson. Additionally, interviews of friends, family members, and people associated with professional boxing, combined with archival footage of Pacquiao, were used throughout the movie. Notable appearances in the film include Oscar De La Hoya, Jimmy Kimmel, Jeremy Piven, and", "title": "Manny (film)" }, { "id": "17399398", "text": "belt, valued at $1 million, is an exact replica of the current belt, except it has thousands of emeralds in place of the gold plating for the center logo. The belt also contains the faces of both Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Manny Pacquiao, along with the faces of the former WBC president, José Sulaimán, and boxing legend, Muhammad Ali. Two belts were initially made for the fight. The green emerald belt won the public fan vote over the black onyx belt with a vote of 53% to 47%. Both fighters wore gloves with brands of their choosing. Mayweather wore custom", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "12858575", "text": "it flashes back when he was a boxer, he was hit by a car and was hospitalized. In a mall, he met Jinkee Jamora. Jinkee had a twin sister, Janet but her mother is confused about Manny. Manny and Jinkee married in a civil wedding. Dionesia disagrees with his wife. In Thailand, Manny is the Flyweight champion, he lost to Medgoen Singsurat. There, he became addicted to drugs and became a womanizer. After that, he changed and never used drugs again. Manny's victories became a hit. One of which when he won over Marco Antonio Barrera. However, Jinkee learned that", "title": "Pacquiao: The Movie" }, { "id": "16961712", "text": "Year by Ring Magazine, with round five garnering Round of the Year honors. Manny Pacquiao and Juan Manuel Marquez . Each fight ended in controversy. While Pacquiao knocked Marquez down three times in the opening round of their first fight, many ringside observers believed Marquez won a large enough balance of the following eleven rounds to earn the decision. Sources of further controversy included one judge scoring round one 10–7 for Pacquiao (as opposed to the customary 10–6 for a three knockdown round) and the widely divergent scores of the other two judges who scored the fight 115–110 Pacquiao and", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IV" }, { "id": "5220964", "text": "fight) was shot in a drive-by attack. He eventually succumbed to his injuries six days later. On May 2, 2015 Floyd Mayweather Jr defended his world title in a highly anticipated match against fellow superstar Manny Pacquiao. The fight continued to the 12th round and Floyd \"Money\" Mayweather Jr retained his title. Within the crowd, celebrities such as hip-hop artist Jay-Z, UFC fighter Ronda Rousey and former NBA basketball player Michael Jordan were present. The arena has hosted many editions of WCW Monday Nitro. In 1994, the Las Vegas Dustdevils, an indoor soccer team in the Continental Indoor Soccer League", "title": "MGM Grand Garden Arena" }, { "id": "9421703", "text": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. De La Hoya vs. Mayweather: The World Awaits was a super welterweight superfight that took place on May 5, 2007, at the MGM Grand Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada between six-division world champion Oscar De La Hoya (38–4, 30 KO) and undefeated four-division champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. (37–0, 24 KO). At the time, the bout was the most lucrative boxing match ever, with over $130 million in generated revenue. Mayweather Jr. won by split decision over De La Hoya in 12 rounds, capturing the World Boxing Council (WBC) light middleweight title. The", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr." }, { "id": "20116132", "text": "Brisbane and the Queensland government financing it. Some in the media questioned the quality of the match-up. It was reported on 1 June that 40,000 tickets had been sold within over a month left for the fight. In front of 51,052, Pacquiao lost a hard fought fight via a controversial unanimous decision when the three judges scored it 117–111, 115–113, 115–113 in favor of Horn. Many pundits as well as many current and former boxers believed Pacquiao had done enough to retain the WBO title. Although Horn was the aggressor and showed determination throughout the fight, it nearly came to", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Jeff Horn" }, { "id": "12858576", "text": "he had a child out-of-wedlock. The scene goes back upon the controversial fight between Pacquiao and Morales. In the end, the two had their rematch where Manny won via a 10-Round Technical Knock-Out. The movie ended when Manny was given a Hero's Welcome and some clips of his motorcade. Pacquiao: The Movie Pacquiao: The Movie is a 2006 action-drama film based on a true story of Filipino boxer Emmanuel \"Manny\" Pacquiao, co-produced by Star Cinema and FLT Films. The film was shot in General Santos City, Manila and Los Angeles, California. The film starts with the opening credits with clips", "title": "Pacquiao: The Movie" }, { "id": "14001418", "text": "scorecards before the stoppage, which read 109–99, 108–99, and 108–100, all in favor of Pacquiao. With this victory, Pacquiao took the WBO World welterweight title (his seventh world championship), to become the first boxer in history to win seven world titles in seven different weight divisions. Pacquiao also won the special WBC Diamond Belt. After the fight, promoter Bob Arum stated: \"Pacquiao is the greatest boxer I've ever seen, and I've seen them all, including Ali, Hagler and Sugar Ray Leonard.\" Meanwhile, Cotto was taken to a hospital as a precaution. The fight generated 1.25 million buys and 70 million", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Miguel Cotto" }, { "id": "936463", "text": "the ring to Pacquiao's corner after the bout was stopped and told Roach, \"You're right, Freddie. I don't have it anymore.\" When asked by reporters whether he would continue fighting, De La Hoya responded, \"My heart still wants to fight, that's for sure,\" De La Hoya said. \"But when your physical doesn't respond, what can you do? I have to be smart and make sure I think about my future plans.\" De La Hoya announced his retirement on April 14, 2009, ending any speculation about a potential fight with Julio César Chávez Jr., son of the former champion and Mexican", "title": "Oscar De La Hoya" }, { "id": "15067018", "text": "decision (97–93, 95–94, 94–94). Rigondeaux defeated Cordoba via split decision (117–109, 114–112, 112–114). Rios defeated Lowther via TKO at 2:35 of fifth round. Marroquin defeated Dominguez via knockout at 1:27 of first round. Benavidez defeated Mathis via knockout at 2:23 of third round. Lee defeated Debow via knockout at 1:33 of first round. Meza defeated Hernandez via unanimous decision (38–37, 38–37, 39–36). Mepranum defeated Villarreal via split decision. Rodriguez defeated Elorde via unanimous decision (40–36, 40–36, 39–37). Laurente defeated Holloway via unanimous decision (77–75, 79–73, 78–74). Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito, billed as The Eighth", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito" }, { "id": "16961719", "text": "to count as Pacquiao lay on the canvas motionless until he was revived and sat on his stool, two minutes, twenty seconds after going down. In the immediate aftermath, both fighters praised their opponent, with Pacquiao acknowledging that he \"had no excuse and that he (Marquez) deserved the victory.\" Marquez called Pacquiao a \"great fighter\" after the fight, saying \"I landed the perfect punch\" and that \"I knew he (Pacquiao) could knock me out at any moment.\" Pacquiao was guaranteed $26 million and Marquez $6 million, plus a share of the profits from a pay-per-view that exceeded one million buys.", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IV" }, { "id": "15766803", "text": "the Mandalay Bay, where Pacquiao won via a split decision. Both encounters were shrouded in dispute with regards to who won and this subsequently led to a rubber match between the two fighters where Freddie Roach, Pacquiao's trainer, said that he wanted to leave \"all doubt behind.\" CNN broadcast HBO's 24/7 on free cable and in addition to the HBO Deal, Pacquiao-Marquez III was promoted during the Major League Baseball playoffs on TBS. A four-city press tour covering an estimated 25,000 miles across three countries started on September 3 in Pacquiao's adopted hometown of Manila and ended on September 8", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez III" }, { "id": "20271962", "text": "replacement on two weeks' notice but won the fight by technical knockout to win the title, his second major boxing world title. The bout was held at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Pacquiao went on to defend this title four times under head trainer Freddie Roach, owner of the Wild Card Gym in West Hollywood. On November 15, 2003, Pacquiao faced Marco Antonio Barrera at the Alamodome, San Antonio, Texas, in a fight that many consider to have defined his career. In spite of Barrera given credit for knocking Pacquiao down in the first round (as", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "20271975", "text": "four-division world champion, a fighter who won world titles in four different weight divisions. The fight was a close, hard-fought battle, during which both fighters received cuts. Throughout the fight, Márquez landed the most punches at a higher percentage; however, the decisive factor proved to be a third-round knockdown, wherein Márquez was floored by a Pacquiao left hook. At the end of the fight, the judges' scores were 115–112 for Pacquiao, 115–112 for Márquez and 114–113 for Pacquiao. In the post-fight news conference, Márquez's camp called for an immediate rematch. In addition, Richard Schaefer, Golden Boy Promotions CEO, offered a", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "16276412", "text": "along the way. Source: Total, 55: Pacquiao 52 | Bradley 3. After the decision the WBO ordered a video review of the bout. The five judges on the WBO's committee all scored the fight in Pacquiao's favor — 118–110, 117–111, 117–111, 116–112 and 115–113. However, the WBO cannot overturn the result of the fight. The fight drew 890,000 pay-per-view purchases. Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley, billed as \"Perfect Storm\", was a welterweight title boxing match held on June 9, 2012, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise, Nevada. After 12 rounds, Bradley won a", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley" }, { "id": "4423829", "text": "MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. Mayweather dictated the pace early, controlling range with the jab. His deft movement and pivoting made Pacquiao, who landed only 19% of his punches, consistently miss. Mayweather was able to counter Pacquiao with his right hand constantly throughout the fight and won via unanimous decision with the scorecards reading 118–110, 116–112, and 116–112. The vast majority of media outlets (16/18) scored the bout in his favor. In the days following the fight, many casual observers felt the match failed to live up to expectations. Pacquiao told the media after the match that he", "title": "Floyd Mayweather Jr." }, { "id": "15067017", "text": "for killing\"\" (quote). Pacquiao also stated \"\"I did not want to damage him permanently.\"\" It would turn out, unfortunately, that the fight did leave permanent damage to the right eye of Margarito. This eye almost lost him his license to fight upon a medical inspection. During Margarito's next and final bout against Miguel Cotto, his eye suffered severe swelling and caused him to lose the bout via doctor/referee stoppage. The fight generated 1.15 million buys and 64 million dollars in revenue and the attendance was 41,734. Pacquiao defeated Margarito via unanimous decision (120–108, 118–110, 119–109). Jones defeated Karass via majority", "title": "Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito" }, { "id": "20272053", "text": "(32%), whilst Horn landed 92 of 625 thrown (15%). Post-fight stats showed that Pacquiao landed almost double the number of punches that Horn landed. Dieter Kurtenbach of Fox Sports described the fight as \"rigged\", and T. J. Quinn of ESPN commented, “No way in hell Horn won unanimously,” he tweeted. “A 117–111 card? Ridiculous. This is a hometown hit job. Manny looked old, but mostly in control\". In regards to the controversial scorecards, ESPN's Dan Rafael scored the fight 117–111 and ESPN analyst Teddy Atlas scored it 116–111, both for Pacquiao. \"The Guardian\" and IBT also scored the fight in", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "284941", "text": "tournaments in Reno in 2016. Las Vegas has hosted several professional boxing matches, most recently at the MGM Grand Garden Arena with bouts such as Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield, Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II, Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather and Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao and at the newer T-Mobile Arena with Canelo Álvarez vs. Amir Khan. Along with significant rises in popularity in mixed martial arts (MMA), a number of fight leagues such as the UFC have taken interest in Las Vegas as a primary event location due to the number of suitable", "title": "Nevada" }, { "id": "20271983", "text": "Las Vegas, in a fight billed as \"The Battle of the East and West.\" Pacquiao won the bout via knockout to claim Hatton's IBO, \"The Ring\" and lineal light welterweight titles. In doing so, Pacquiao became the second man in boxing history to become a six-division world champion, a fighter who won world titles in six different weight divisions and the first man ever to win lineal world titles in four different weight classes. The fight was originally placed in jeopardy due to disputes with both camps over the fight purse money. Eventually, the money issue was settled and the", "title": "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao" }, { "id": "874059", "text": "Carbajal, six-division world champion Oscar De La Hoya, eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao, and three-division world champion Erik Morales. Arum also promoted the legendary champion Julio Cesar Chavez in his later years of boxing. Arum has concentrated largely on promoting Hispanic fighters in recent years, citing surveys which show boxing is among the most popular sports within the Hispanic community. He has had great success with fighters such as Miguel Cotto, who has won world titles at the 140, 147, 154, 160-pound weight divisions, and Antonio Margarito, who held a 147-pound WBO belt from 2002–2007. He has concentrated many of", "title": "Bob Arum" } ]

[ "1959" ]

[ { "id": "1979267", "text": "United States hit parade by Louis Armstrong in 1956, but the song is most closely associated with Bobby Darin, who recorded his version at Fulton Studios on West 40th Street, New York City, on December 19, 1958 (with Tom Dowd engineering the recording). Even though Darin was reluctant to release the song as a single, in 1959 it reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number six on the Black Singles chart, and earned him a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. Dick Clark had advised Darin not to record the song because of the perception that,", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "1979270", "text": "that earned her a Grammy Award. Robbie Williams also recorded the song on his 2001 album \"Swing When You're Winning\", and performed it as the first song after the arrival of the Queen during the Diamond Jubilee Concert in 2012, referencing Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie. Other notable versions include performances by Mark Lanegan, Dave Van Ronk, Jimmie Dale Gilmore, Tony Bennett, Marianne Faithfull, Nick Cave, Brian Setzer, Kevin Spacey, Westlife, and Michael Bublé. Swiss band The Young Gods radically reworked the song in industrial style, while jazz legend Sonny Rollins recorded an instrumental version entitled simply \"\" in 1956. A", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "1979268", "text": "having come from an opera, it would not appeal to the rock and roll audience. In subsequent years, Clark recounted the story with good humor. Frank Sinatra, who recorded the song with Quincy Jones on his \"L.A. Is My Lady\" album, called Darin's the \"definitive\" version. \"Billboard\" ranked this version as the No. 2 song for 1959. Darin's version was No. 3 on \"Billboard's All Time Top 100.\" In 2003, the Darin version was ranked #251 on \"Rolling Stone\"s \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" list. On BBC Radio 4's \"Desert Island Discs\", pop mogul Simon Cowell named \"Mack the", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "1979259", "text": "Mack the Knife \"Die Moritat von Mackie Messer\" (later known as \"Mack the Knife\" or \"The Ballad of Mack the Knife\") is a song composed by Kurt Weill with lyrics by Bertolt Brecht for their music drama , or, as it is known in English, \"The Threepenny Opera\". It premiered in Berlin in 1928 at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm. The song has become a popular standard recorded by many artists, including a US and UK number one hit for Bobby Darin in 1959. A \"Moritat\" is a medieval version of the murder ballad performed by strolling minstrels. In \"The Threepenny", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "1979264", "text": "Weill's widow, Lotte Lenya, the star of both the original 1928 German production and the 1954 Blitzstein Broadway version, was present in the studio during Armstrong's recording. He spontaneously added her name to the lyrics (\"Look out, Miss Lotte Lenya\"), which already named several of Macheath's female victims. The Armstrong version was later used by Bobby Darin. The rarely heard final stanza — not included in the original play, but added by Brecht for the 1931 movie—expresses the theme and compares the glittering world of the rich and powerful with the dark world of the poor: In 1976, a brand-new", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "971240", "text": "of his career. So he meant for his \"That's All\" album to show that he could sing more than rock and roll. His next single, \"Mack the Knife\", the standard from Kurt Weill's \"Threepenny Opera\", was given a vamping jazz-pop interpretation. Although Darin was initially opposed to releasing it as a single, the song went to No. 1 on the charts for nine weeks, sold two million copies, and won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1960. Darin was also voted the Grammy Award for Best New Artist that year, and \"Mack The Knife\" has since been", "title": "Bobby Darin" }, { "id": "1979269", "text": "Knife\" the best song ever written. Darin's version of the song was featured in the movies \"Quiz Show\" and \"What Women Want\". Both Armstrong and Darin's versions were inducted by the Library of Congress in the National Recording Registry in 2016. Brecht's original German language version was appropriated for a series of humorous and surreal blackout skits by television pioneer Ernie Kovacs, showing, between skits, the soundtrack displayed on an oscilloscope. Ella Fitzgerald made a famous live recording in 1960 (released on \"\") in which, after forgetting the lyrics after the first stanza, she improvised new lyrics in a performance", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "1979273", "text": "the lyrics. American political parodists the Capitol Steps used the tune for their song \"Pack the Knife\" on their 2002 album \"When Bush Comes to Shove\". Mack the Knife \"Die Moritat von Mackie Messer\" (later known as \"Mack the Knife\" or \"The Ballad of Mack the Knife\") is a song composed by Kurt Weill with lyrics by Bertolt Brecht for their music drama , or, as it is known in English, \"The Threepenny Opera\". It premiered in Berlin in 1928 at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm. The song has become a popular standard recorded by many artists, including a US and", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "1979263", "text": "That production, however, was not successful, closing after a run of only ten days. In the best known English translation, from the Marc Blitzstein 1954 version of \"The Threepenny Opera\", which played Off-Broadway for over six years, the words are: <poem style=\"margin-left: 2em;\">Oh, the shark has pretty teeth, dear, And he shows them pearly white Just a jack-knife has Macheath, dear And he keeps it out of sight.</poem> Blitzstein's translation provides the basis for most of the popular versions heard today, including those by Louis Armstrong (1956) and Bobby Darin (1959; Darin's lyrics differ slightly), and most subsequent swing versions.", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "15749781", "text": "an iron lung in that bus. But you were part of a family.” Over the span of six decades, Cabot has backed vocalists including Peggy Lee, Ruth Brown, Chris Connor, Eartha Kitt, Anita O'Day, Fran Warren, Tony Bennett. He played with Bobby Darin on many recordings, most notably during the “That’s All” sessions of December ’58 which yielded two of Darrin’s biggest hits, “Mack the Knife” and “Beyond the Sea.” Throughout his career, Cabot has worked alongside many luminaries of the jazz world, among them Dizzy Gillespie, Gerry Mulligan, Oscar Peterson, Stan Getz, and Harry James. He maintained a close", "title": "Joe Cabot" }, { "id": "3913975", "text": "Wayne Newton's first version was released when he was 21 years old. The song was originally intended for singer Bobby Darin as a follow-up to his hit single \"Mack the Knife\", but after seeing Newton perform at the Copacabana, Darin decided to give the song to Newton and transposed the key of the recording to fit Newton's voice. It has been featured in many television commercials and motion pictures, such as \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\", \"Meet the Parents\", \"Matchstick Men\", \"Vegas Vacation\", \"Fools Rush In\" as well as the French-American comedy \"Crime Spree\". In 2015, it was used in a", "title": "Danke Schoen" }, { "id": "1979262", "text": "failed, and the pit orchestra (a jazz band) had to quickly provide the accompaniment for the street singer. The tenor Ian Bostridge wrote in his 2014 book, \"Schubert's Winter Journey: Anatomy of an Obsession\", that this song might be a terrifying little cousin of Schubert's \"Der Leiermann\" (The Hurdy-Gurdy Man) from \"Winterreise\". The song was translated into French as \"\" by André Mauprey and Ninon Steinhoff and popularized by Catherine Sauvage. The song was first introduced to American audiences in 1933 in the first English-language production of \"The Threepenny Opera\". The English lyrics were by Gifford Cochran and Jerrold Krimsky.", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "1388787", "text": "western or rhythm and blues tunes, and vice versa, were frequent. Consider \"Mack the Knife\" (Die Moritat vom Mackie Messer): this was originally from Bertholt Brecht's 1928 Die Dreigroschenoper. It was popularized by a 1956 record \"Hit Parade\" instrumental tune, \"Moritat\", for the Dick Hyman Trio, also recorded by Richard Hayman & Jan August, but a hit also for Louis Armstrong 1956/1959, Bobby Darin, 1959, and Ella Fitzgerald, 1960, as vocal versions of Mack The Knife. Europe's Radio Luxembourg, like many commercial stations, also sold \"air time\"; so record companies and others bought air time to promote their own artists", "title": "Cover version" }, { "id": "1979261", "text": "inserted before its premiere in 1928 because Harald Paulsen, the actor who played Macheath, demanded that Brecht and Weill add another number that would more effectively introduce his character. However, Weill and Brecht decided the song should not be sung by Macheath himself, opting instead to write the song for a street singer in keeping with the tradition. At the premiere, the song was sung by Kurt Gerron, who played Police Chief Brown. Weill also intended the Moritat to be accompanied by a barrel organ, which was to be played by the singer. At the premiere, though, the barrel organ", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "18546630", "text": "an important release in the Rock and Roll Hall of Famer's career. This LP proves that not every rocker suffers the \"sophomore slump.\" That's All (Bobby Darin album) That's All is an album by American singer Bobby Darin released in 1959 and arranged by Richard Wess. It was on the \"Billboard\" LP charts for 52 weeks and peaked at number seven. It also includes Darin's US #1 hit \"Mack the Knife\". Darin won Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Best New Singer. Music critic JT Griffith called \"That's All\" Darin's \"most important record\" in his Allmusic review, also", "title": "That's All (Bobby Darin album)" }, { "id": "409897", "text": "Louis Armstrong, Bobby Darin, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Michael Bublé, Robbie Williams, Ray Quinn, and countless others have all covered. In 2015 the Library of Congress added \"Mack the Knife\" by Louis Armstrong and Bobby Darin to the National Recording Registry. \"Pirate Jenny\" is another well-known song from the work, which has since been recorded by Nina Simone, Judy Collins, Tania Tsanaklidou, and Marc Almond, among others. In addition, Steeleye Span recorded it under the alternate title \"The Black Freighter\". Recently, the drag queen Sasha Velour has made an adaptation by the same name for an installment of One Dollar", "title": "The Threepenny Opera" }, { "id": "1979271", "text": "1959 instrumental performance by Bill Haley & His Comets was the final song the group recorded for Decca Records. Deana Martin recorded \"Mack the Knife\" on her second studio album, \"Volare\", released in 2009 by Big Fish Records. Tito Puente also recorded an instrumental version. Salsa musician Rubén Blades recorded an homage entitled \"Pedro Navaja\". Brazilian composer Chico Buarque, in his loose adaptation of \"Threepenny Opera\" (), made two versions called \"\" and \"\", with lyrics in Portuguese. Liberace regularly performed a variant in which he played the song successively in five styles: as originally written, in the style of", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "1979272", "text": "a Johann Strauss waltz, as a music box, in a bossa nova rhythm, and in what Liberace considered a popular American style. The chorus to the song \"\" (\"Shark\") by Rammstein is inspired by \"Mack the Knife\". The song has been parodied numerous times. Steve Martin parodied \"Mack the Knife\" in his opening monologue to the premiere of \"Saturday Night Live\"s third season in 1977. In the mid-1980s, McDonald's introduced Mac Tonight, a character whose signature song was based on \"Mack the Knife\". There was a skit on \"The Muppet Show\", where the characters play upon the sinister nature of", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "2123476", "text": "at Mount Repose Cemetery in Haverstraw, New York. In 1956, Louis Armstrong recorded the song \"Mack the Knife\", both as a solo number and as a duet with Lenya. Armstrong added Lenya's name into the lyrics, in place of one of the characters in the play. Donovan's 1968 song \"Laléna\" was inspired by Lenya. The Michael Kunze play, \"Lenya\", is about Brecht’s favorite singer, Lotte Lenya. In 2007, the musical \"LoveMusik\", based on Lenya's relationship with Weill, opened on Broadway. Lenya was portrayed by Donna Murphy. She is mentioned in the Fascinating Aïda song \"Lieder\", which originally described her as", "title": "Lotte Lenya" }, { "id": "1979266", "text": "and Lovett's versions play over the opening and closing credits, respectively. This interpretation was recorded by Sting and Nick Cave in the later part of the 1990s. A much darker translation by Robert David MacDonald and Jeremy Sams into English was used for the 1994 Donmar Warehouse theatrical production in London. The new translation attempted to recapture the original tone of the song: <poem style=\"margin-left: 2em;\">Though the shark's teeth may be lethal Still you see them white and red But you won't see Mackie's flick knife Cause he slashed you and you're dead.</poem> \"Mack the Knife\" was introduced to the", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "971255", "text": "the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, with singer and close friend Paul Anka announcing the honor. In 1999, Darin was voted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Songwriter Alan O'Day alludes to Darin and his recording of \"Mack the Knife\" in the song, \"Rock and Roll Heaven\" (made a hit by the Righteous Brothers), a tribute to dead musicians, which O'Day wrote shortly after Darin's death. On May 14, 2007, Darin was awarded a star on the Las Vegas Walk of Stars to honor his contribution to making Las Vegas the \"Entertainment Capital of the World\" and named him", "title": "Bobby Darin" }, { "id": "18546629", "text": "That's All (Bobby Darin album) That's All is an album by American singer Bobby Darin released in 1959 and arranged by Richard Wess. It was on the \"Billboard\" LP charts for 52 weeks and peaked at number seven. It also includes Darin's US #1 hit \"Mack the Knife\". Darin won Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Best New Singer. Music critic JT Griffith called \"That's All\" Darin's \"most important record\" in his Allmusic review, also writing it \"broadened his appeal and secured his imortality [sic]... [It] might not be a new fan's first Darin purchase. However, it is", "title": "That's All (Bobby Darin album)" }, { "id": "1316441", "text": "February 1990 he won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for the album's fourth single \"Every Little Step.\" \"Don't Be Cruel\" also garnered Brown two American Music Awards, a Soul Train Music Award and a People's Choice Award. In 1989, Brown contributed two songs to the soundtrack of \"Ghostbusters II\", and he also had a cameo role in the film. Leading off the soundtrack album, \"On Our Own\" became another top-ten single for the singer, peaking at number two. The same year, a remix compilation, \"Dance!...Ya Know It!\", was released, and found fans in the United Kingdom,", "title": "Bobby Brown" }, { "id": "14976929", "text": "Fields. He has toured with his singing partner Sandy Zacky. The two released a collaborative album in 2007, titled \"Love Is Everything\". In 2010, Mike Clifford recorded a brand new mp3 release, \"Mack The Knife\", on the Hired Gun Records label. In 2015, Mike traveled to Long Island, NY for the annual Doo Wop show where he headlined along with Jimmy Clanton, Johnny Tillotson, and Chuck Jackson, among others. According to one audience member, Mike was the \"hit\" of the show! He then proceeded to the autograph party in the lobby of the theater after the show where he was", "title": "Mike Clifford" }, { "id": "1841140", "text": "studio in New Jersey, with Tommy Flanagan on piano, former Jazz Messengers bassist Doug Watkins, and his favorite drummer, Roach. This was Rollins's sixth recording as a leader and it included his best-known composition \"St. Thomas\", a Caribbean calypso based on a tune sung to him by his mother in his childhood, as well as the fast bebop number \"Strode Rode\", and \"Moritat\" (the Kurt Weill composition also known as \"Mack the Knife\"). A long blues solo on \"Saxophone Colossus\", \"Blue 7\", was analyzed in depth by the composer and critic Gunther Schuller in a 1958 article. In the solo", "title": "Sonny Rollins" }, { "id": "700304", "text": "Darin's \"Queen of the Hop\" made the Top 10 on both the US pop and R&B charts and also charted in the UK, \"Dream Lover\", a multi-million seller, reached #2 in the US and became a UK #1, and \"Mack the Knife\" (August 1959) went to #1 in both the US and the UK, sold over 2 million copies and won the 1960 Grammy Award for 'Record of the Year'. \"Beyond the Sea\", an English-language version of the Charles Trenet hit \"La Mer\", became his fourth consecutive US/UK Top 10 hit. Darin later signed with Capitol Records and left for", "title": "Atlantic Records" }, { "id": "13678844", "text": "No. 5\" by Ludwig van Beethoven. During the closing scene, Munch sings a karaoke version of \"Mack the Knife\", a song by Kurt Weill. In its original American broadcast on February 24, 1993, \"A Dog and Pony Show\" was watched by 8.9 million households, according to Nielsen Media Research, earning the episode an 8.9 rating. This constituted an increase in viewership compared to the previous week's episode, \"\", which was seen by 6.52 million household viewers. Nevertheless, \"Homicide\" ranked relatively low in the Nielsen ratings compared to other shows, ranking 65th for the week of February 22 to 28, with", "title": "A Shot in the Dark (Homicide: Life on the Street)" }, { "id": "5454664", "text": "the featured songs in his act, \"Mack the Knife\"; Darin thought it was just a nightclub number, but he later took their advice. The DeCastro Sisters appeared on most major TV shows including \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" and \"The Perry Como Show\". They also made numerous film shorts including Universal's \"Swingin' and Singin\" with Maynard Ferguson and \"Riot in Rhythm\" with Harry James. At various times Peggy and Babette took leave from the act and were replaced by a cousin Olgita, so Cherie was the only sister who was part of every appearance and recording that the group ever made.", "title": "The DeCastro Sisters" }, { "id": "1979265", "text": "interpretation of \"Mack the Knife\" by Ralph Manheim and John Willett opened on Broadway, later made into a movie version starring Raúl Juliá as Mackie. This version, simply known as \"\", is an extension of the story with completely new lyrics that expound upon the tales of Macheath's trail of activity. Here is an excerpt: <poem style=\"margin-left: 2em;\">See the shark with teeth like razors All can read his open face And Macheath has got a knife, but Not in such an obvious place.</poem> This version was performed by Lyle Lovett on the soundtrack of the 1994 film \"Quiz Show\". Darin's", "title": "Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "8394808", "text": "to men unless wearing a skirt, or Easter concerts with the band dressed as legionaries, angels on flying trapeze, and an extra in a loincloth on a cross at the back of the stage. The band joined Stiff Records in 1983 and recorded the album \"Ooh Wallah Wallah\" with producer, Dave Edmunds. They had a few minor hit singles that featured in the UK Singles and UK Indie Charts, such as \"Zulu Beat\", Weill and Brecht's \"Mack the Knife\" and \"Banana Banana\", along with their Top 40 hit \"Destination Zululand\", which reached No. 36 in the UK Singles Chart in", "title": "King Kurt" }, { "id": "971231", "text": "Bobby Darin Bobby Darin (born Walden Robert Cassotto; May 14, 1936 – December 20, 1973) was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and actor in film and television. He performed jazz, pop, rock and roll, folk, swing, and country music. He started his career as a songwriter for Connie Francis. He recorded his first million-selling single, \"Splish Splash\", in 1958. This was followed by \"Dream Lover\", \"Mack the Knife\", and \"Beyond the Sea\", which brought him worldwide fame. In 1962 he won a Golden Globe Award for his first film, \"Come September\", co-starring his first wife, Sandra Dee. During the 1960s,", "title": "Bobby Darin" }, { "id": "6714819", "text": "to the film \"Jazz On A Summer's Day\" (1958). He was also one of the first producers of popular music to fully embrace multitrack recording and tape editing techniques, overdubbing Louis Armstrong on the best-selling single \"Mack The Knife\" in 1955 (he persuaded Armstrong to record it), and overdubbing and editing Miles Davis's \"Miles Ahead\" in 1957. In 1958, after an extraordinarily-busy and ground-breaking 12-year run at Columbia, he elected to depart. After a short stint as co-owner of the much smaller Pacific Jazz label, Avakian was invited, along with his former Columbia colleague Jim Conkling, to form a record", "title": "George Avakian" }, { "id": "5065532", "text": "Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife Ella in Berlin is a 1960 live album by the American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald. This album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least twenty-five years old, and that have \"qualitative or historical significance.\" One of Fitzgerald's most acclaimed live performances, at this concert in Berlin, Fitzgerald improvised lyrics for \"Mack the Knife\" after forgetting the original lyrics. In recognition of this, she received the Best Female Vocal Performance (Single) and the Best Vocal Performance,", "title": "Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "6343955", "text": "Ella Returns to Berlin Ella Returns to Berlin is a 1961 (see 1961 in music) live album by Ella Fitzgerald, with a trio led by the pianist Lou Levy, and also featuring the Oscar Peterson trio. The album's title refers to Fitzgerald's more famous concert in Berlin a year earlier (\"\"), which had included her famous rendition of Mack the Knife, which earned her a Grammy Award for Best Female Vocal Performance (Single). Like \"\", this concert was first released thirty years after it was originally recorded, in 1991. For the 1991 Verve-PolyGram CD Reissue, Verve-PolyGram 837 758-2 Recorded February", "title": "Ella Returns to Berlin" }, { "id": "8503538", "text": "Broadway. The film shows obvious signs of last minute editing, including several musical numbers that appear on the soundtrack album but are not in the final cut. The film has never been released on DVD and as of April 2012, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment has yet to announce any plans for a DVD release. Mack the Knife (1989 film) Mack the Knife is a 1989 Netherlands romantic comedy musical film written and directed by Menahem Golan and starring Raúl Juliá, Richard Harris, Julia Migenes, Roger Daltrey and Julie Walters. It is a film adaptation of the 1928 Brecht/Weill musical \"The", "title": "Mack the Knife (1989 film)" }, { "id": "1316433", "text": "of new jack swing, a fusion of hip-hop and R&B. His other hits include, \"Don't Be Cruel\", \"Roni\", \"Rock Wit'cha\", \"On Our Own\", \"Humpin' Around\", \"She Ain't Worth It\" and \"Something in Common\". He also starred in films such as \"A Thin Line Between Love and Hate\" and \"Two Can Play That Game\". He returned to New Edition for a reunion album and tour from 1996 to 1997, and returned with all six members for another stint in 2005. In 1992, Brown married singer Whitney Houston, with whom he had daughter Bobbi Kristina Brown. The couple starred in the 2005", "title": "Bobby Brown" }, { "id": "5065533", "text": "Female (Album) at the 3rd Annual Grammy Awards. Original Verve release from 1960 \"Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife\" on MG VS-64041; featuring 9 tracks. Side One: Side Two: Verve re-issue from 1993 \"The Complete Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife\" on Verve 314 519 564-2; featuring 13 vocal performances. The 1993 re-issue, and all later releases, include 4 bonus tracks. Tracks 1 and 2 were recorded at the Berlin concert in January 1960 and had been rediscovered on a reel-to-reel tape of the initially recorded for radio broadcast. Tracks 7 and 8 were mistakenly identified as being part of", "title": "Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "8885007", "text": "Osie Johnson James \"Osie\" Johnson (January 11, 1923 in Washington, D.C. – February 10, 1966 in New York City) was a jazz drummer, arranger and singer. He first worked with Sabby Lewis and then, after service in the United States Navy freelanced for a time in Chicago. From 1951 to 1953 he worked in Earl Hines's band. He can be heard on albums by Paul Gonsalves, Zoot Sims, and Mose Allison and is the drummer on Bobby Darin's Mack the Knife. He recorded the album \"A Bit of the Blues\" as a singer and had arranged at a \"hit\" for", "title": "Osie Johnson" }, { "id": "4564467", "text": "literary critic Georg Lukács as the producer of \"Monsters\", with Bertolt Brecht (played by a catfish) as director. Greyson's film was pulled from distribution when the estate of Kurt Weill objected to its use of the tune of Mack the Knife. Greyson had originally received copyright permission to use the tune, but it was withdrawn, apparently because Weill's estate objected to the film's homosexual themes. Although copyright is no longer an issue, having lapsed in 2000, fifty years after Weill's death, the film has not yet been re-released by the Canadian Film Development Corporation. Greyson is best known for the", "title": "John Greyson" }, { "id": "12639970", "text": "with the lyrics by Rokusuke Ei. Nakamura and Ei formerly made the music and lyric of Kyu Sakamoto's U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single \"Sukiyaki.\" On December 31, 1965, Johnnys sang the song \"Mack the Knife\" in the 16th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen at the Tokyo Takarazuka Theater. Johnnys The group was formed in April 1962 and lasted until November 20, 1967. They are considered one of the first of Japan's idol groups. Johnnys is also an abbreviation for \"Johnny's Jimusho\" and also for the talents signed to the agency. For the sake of convenience in Japan, the group is", "title": "Johnnys" }, { "id": "7471224", "text": "two additional tracks from the US LP release, plus a version of \"Mack the Knife\" and a demo of the album track \"Flowers\". All songs were written and arranged by the Psychedelic Furs, with words by Richard Butler, and produced by Steve Lillywhite, except where noted. Album Singles The Psychedelic Furs (album) The Psychedelic Furs is the debut studio album by the English rock band the Psychedelic Furs. It was released on 7 March 1980 by Columbia Records. It was reissued with bonus tracks in 2002 by Columbia/Legacy. The original UK LP had nine tracks. The US LP contained 10", "title": "The Psychedelic Furs (album)" }, { "id": "9007989", "text": "No. 53 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In 2008, the single was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley were asked to create the lyrics for the song. But when its composer John Barry played them the first three notes, Bricusse and Newley looked at each other and sang out: \". . . wider than a mile,\" to the melody of \"Moon River,\" the popular theme song from \"Breakfast at Tiffany's\". Barry was not amused. One source of inspiration was the song \"Mack the Knife\", which director Guy", "title": "Goldfinger (Shirley Bassey song)" }, { "id": "9536156", "text": "Hennesey Hennesey is an American military comedy-drama television series that aired on CBS from 1959 to 1962, starring Jackie Cooper. Cooper played a United States Navy physician, Lt. Charles W. \"Chick\" Hennesey, with Abby Dalton as Navy nurse Lt. Martha Hale. In the story line, they are assigned to the hospital at the U.S. Naval Station in San Diego, California. Actor and singer Bobby Darin was cast in the second episode (October 5, 1959) with the unlikely name of \"Honeyboy Jones\". Less than a year earlier, Darin had rocketed to fame with his version of the song, \"Mack the Knife\".", "title": "Hennesey" }, { "id": "11716975", "text": "were together nominated for the 2003 Directors Guild of America Award. The documentary is a chronicle of the life and career of Kurt Gerron. During the 1920s and early 1930s, Gerron was a well-known cabaret and film actor in Berlin. He sang the song \"Mack the Knife\" in the initial production of Brecht's \"The Threepenny Opera\" and appeared in a supporting role in Josef von Sternberg's classic German sound film \"The Blue Angel\", co-starring Marlene Dietrich. When the Nazis came to power, Gerron remained in Germany, in spite of serious warnings by von Sternberg and Peter Lorre that he should", "title": "Prisoner of Paradise" }, { "id": "9928074", "text": "Banks and Steve Hackett. Collins and Hackett did not perform on the track but joined the group shortly after the album was recorded, replacing John Mayhew and Anthony Phillips, respectively. The song was the last encore played at the \"Six of the Best\" one-off reunion concert in 1982, making this the final song the \"classic\" line-up of the band ever performed together. It later appeared on the 2004 compilation album \"Platinum Collection\" and the single edit is found on the expanded version of \"\", subtitled . In March 2014, Steve Hackett added the song on the playlist on the extended", "title": "The Knife (song)" }, { "id": "14445101", "text": "Tried and True Tried and True is the fifth studio album by Clay Aiken, released on June 1, 2010. This album is Aiken's first on the Decca label. The deluxe edition includes two additional tracks plus a second disk with behind the scenes video and a live performance. The songs on this album are classics from the 1950s and 1960s. \"Unchained Melody\" and \"Mack the Knife\" were performed by Aiken when he was a contestant on \"American Idol's\" second season. In an article written after interviewing Aiken, The News & Observer reported that \"... the album features a guest turn", "title": "Tried and True" }, { "id": "1510389", "text": "diatribes about his favoured football team, the Dutch Go Ahead Eagles and his outrageous flirting with the host. His theme tune was recently changed from 'Mack the Knife' to 'The Oompa-Loompa song', due to his status as the smallest fighting talk competitor. Weekenders is a DJ mix album mixed by Steve Lamacq in 1996. It has a dance and indie-alternative rock feel rolled into one with Britpop tracks such as Pulp's \"Common People\" and Blur's \"Girls & Boys\" alongside tracks by electronica artists such as The Chemical Brothers, Prodigy and Orbital. Steve Lamacq Stephen Paul Lamacq (born 16 October 1964),", "title": "Steve Lamacq" }, { "id": "1316440", "text": "some of the top R&B producers and songwriters of the time, including Babyface, Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Teddy Riley. The producers helped to compose what became Brown's most successful solo album of his career, \"Don't Be Cruel\". Released in 1988, the album launched five top-ten hits on the \"\"Billboard\" Hot 100\", including the number-one single, the self-penned \"My Prerogative\", which became, along with \"Every Little Step\" and the title track, signature hits for the performer. After topping both the pop and R&B charts, album sales would eventually reach twelve million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling album of 1989. In", "title": "Bobby Brown" }, { "id": "13853861", "text": "the soul that laid much of the foundation of contemporary music. The 100,000 negatives and prints left behind after Randolph's death in 1978 constitute a vast collection. The range of the material includes: When Frank Sinatra was named \"King of the Singers\" at The Copa during a broadcast on WINS with comic Phil Silvers officiating. When Elvis Presley came to New York to cut his first records for RCA Victor.Bobby Darin signing with Atlantic Records (for the string of hits that included the smash \"Mack the Knife\"). When Harry Belafonte entered a New York studio to launch the mid-50's calypso", "title": "Popsie Randolph" }, { "id": "522674", "text": "Vince Gill's voice on their duet \"What You Need from Me\", which was likened to \"rocks and honey\". \"This Is Gonna Hurt\" and \"Love Is the Knife\" were released as the second and third singles in August and September 2013 respectively, though both songs failed to chart. In 2014, Tyler released \"Miserere\" on Rhydian Roberts's album \"One Day like This\", and \"Fortune\" on Spike's album \"100% Pure Frankie Miller\". In June 2015, Tyler appeared on \"Die schönsten Disney Songs aller Zeiten\", a one-off televised celebration of popular Disney songs in Germany. She performed \"Circle of Life\" from \"The Lion King\".", "title": "Bonnie Tyler" }, { "id": "1316432", "text": "Bobby Brown Robert Barisford Brown (born February 5, 1969) is an American R&B singer-songwriter, occasional rapper, dancer, actor. Brown started his career in the R&B and pop group New Edition, from its inception in 1978 until his exit from the group in 1985. Starting a solo career, he enjoyed success with his second album in 1988, \"Don't Be Cruel\", which spawned a number of hit singles including the self-penned \"My Prerogative\", and the Grammy Award-winning \"Every Little Step.\" Brown had a string of top ten hits on various \"Billboard\" charts between 1986 and 1993. Brown is noted as a pioneer", "title": "Bobby Brown" }, { "id": "5065534", "text": "the live recording made from the concert, both tracks had appeared on a Dutch pressing of the album in 1960. The two performances had actually been recorded in August 1956 and previously released on the 2-LP set \"Jazz at the Hollywood Bowl\" on Verve MG V 8231-2. The mistake was discovered post-production of this CD release. Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife Ella in Berlin is a 1960 live album by the American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald. This album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor", "title": "Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife" }, { "id": "13992731", "text": "José Guardiola José Guardiola Díaz de Rada, (22 October 1930 – 9 April 2012) was a Spanish singer of popular music who sang in Spanish and Catalan. Guardiola was born in Barcelona. He performed and recorded mostly Spanish versions of foreign songs and reached his maximum fame in Spain and Latin America in the early 1960s with versions of songs like \"Sixteen Tons\", \"Mack the Knife\" and \"Ya Mustafa\". He was known as \"the Spanish Crooner\" due to his style and the types of songs he sang. He represented Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1963, placing 12th. At that", "title": "José Guardiola" }, { "id": "6285212", "text": "she recorded the song, \"Time\", from the film, \"Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry\", which she sang during her appearance the same year on the Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club show. She married advertising executive Nicolas Teller, February 1965. She now lives in Eastbourne with second husband Nick Leigh, a theatre director. Susan Maughan Susan Maughan (born Marian Maughan, 1 July 1938,) is an English singer who released successful singles in the 1960s. Her most famous and successful song, \"Bobby's Girl\" (a cover of the Marcie Blane single), reached number three in the UK Singles Chart at Christmas time in 1962. It", "title": "Susan Maughan" }, { "id": "1589447", "text": "album. Both songs were covered by other artists even before his first album was released. Also recorded during this time was the disco song \"Let Me Take You Dancing\", featuring Adams' vocals sped up to meet the 122BPM dance tempo. The song made the Canadian \"RPM\" chart in March 1979 along with its B-Side \"Don't Turn Me Away\". \"Straight From The Heart\" was also written during this period. The song was later recorded for Adams's third album \"Cuts Like A Knife\" in 1983 and released as a single, becoming Adams's first top 10 record in the U.S. in 1983. Adams's", "title": "Bryan Adams" }, { "id": "7723025", "text": "Jimmy Mack \"Jimmy Mack\" is a pop/soul song that in 1967 became a hit single by Martha and the Vandellas for Motown's Gordy imprint. Written and produced by Motown's main creative team, Holland–Dozier–Holland, \"Jimmy Mack\" was the final Top 10 hit for the Vandellas in the United States, peaking at number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1967 and at number-one on the \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart. \"Billboard\" named the song #82 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. The song, with a lead vocal by the Vandellas' lead singer Martha Reeves in the", "title": "Jimmy Mack" }, { "id": "1589439", "text": "Bryan Adams Bryan Guy Adams, (born 5 November 1959) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, record producer, guitarist, photographer, philanthropist and activist. Adams rose to fame in Canada and the United States with his 1983 album \"Cuts Like a Knife\" and turned into a global star with his 1984 album \"Reckless\", which produced some of his best known songs, including \"Run to You\" and \"Summer of '69\". In 1991, he released \"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You\" from the album \"Waking Up the Neighbours\" and the song became a worldwide hit which went to number 1 in many countries,", "title": "Bryan Adams" }, { "id": "3205063", "text": "Michael Bublé (album) Michael Bublé is the self-titled third studio album and major label debut album released by Canadian crooner Michael Bublé. The album was released on February 11, 2003. The album spawned four singles: \"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart\", \"Kissing A Fool\", \"Sway\" and \"Spider-Man Theme\". It has since sold more than 3.2 million units worldwide. Bublé's career breakthrough came when he performed Kurt Weill's classic track \"Mack the Knife\" at the wedding of Brian Mulroney's daughter Caroline in September 2000. Mulroney introduced Bublé to David Foster, a multi-Grammy awarding producer and a Warner Bros. Records executive,", "title": "Michael Bublé (album)" }, { "id": "985430", "text": "J.J. Johnson Play 'Mack The Knife' and Other Kurt Weill Songs\" bore out the producer's foresight, yet this recording was not released on CD until after his death. In 1962 Johnson toured for a number of months with Davis' sextet of that year, which went unrecorded. Johnson's 1963 solo album \"J. J.'s Broadway\" is an example of both his mature trombone style and sound, and his arranging abilities. 1964 saw the recording of his last working band for a period of over 20 years – \"Proof Positive\". Beginning in 1965 Johnson recorded a number of large group studio albums under", "title": "J. J. Johnson" }, { "id": "4020929", "text": "her husband Virgilio Crocco in a car accident in 1973. She continued her career with the top Italian chart hits \"E poi...\" (\"And Then...\") and \"L'importante è finire\" (\"It's Important to Finish\"). She recorded the theme song \"Fa presto, fa piano\" (\"Works Quickly, Works Quietly\") for the film \"La sculacciata\", issued in 1974. Mina's last live TV appearance was the final episode of the \"Milleluci\" series on 16 March 1974. Mina was the hostess of the series alongside Raffaella Carrà. During the series, she explored different musical styles in the songs \"Everything's Alright\", \"Mack the Knife\", \"Night and Day\", and", "title": "Mina (Italian singer)" }, { "id": "6880570", "text": "Arlen, Cole Porter, George Gershwin, and Duke Ellington. He recorded as a member of the Dick Hyman Trio, including a 45 rpm hit called 'Moritat - A Theme from The Threepenny Opera' (aka 'Mack the Knife') b/w 'Baubles Bangles and Beads' for M-G-M Records in 1955, issued on M-G-M K12149. During the 1970s, he was also member of Soprano Summit. Hyman served as artistic director for the Jazz in July series at New York's 92nd Street Y for twenty years, a post from which he stepped down in 2004. (He was succeeded in that post by his cousin, Bill Charlap,", "title": "Dick Hyman" }, { "id": "3224173", "text": "on \"Live\" are from Usher's self-titled debut album (1994) and \"My Way\". A medley of songs originally performed by Bobby Brown—\"Don't Be Cruel\", \"Every Little Step\", \"Rock Wit'cha\" and \"Roni\"—is also featured on the album, along with covers of Force MDs' \"Tender Love\" and LL Cool J's \"I Need Love\". \"Live\" was released in the United States by LaFace Records on March 23, 1999 by means of compact disc, cassette and VHS formats; along with the concert footage, the VHS features interviews with Usher. The audio version \"Live\" was later serviced to digital retailers for music download. \"Live\" received generally", "title": "Live (Usher album)" }, { "id": "18546641", "text": "This is Darin This Is Darin is an album by Bobby Darin, released in 1960. It was on the Billboard charts for 50 weeks and peaked at number six. Richard Wess arranged and conducted the material for the album. Music critic J.T. Griffith wrote in his Allmusic review \"This Is Darin showcases his confident phrasing with some moments of humor and a few trademark \"hut hut\"s (six in the first song!)... Gone is the bobby-sock rock of \"Splish Splash\" and even the crossover appeal of \"Mack the Knife.\" In its place is a more mature Bobby Darin aiming for adult—not", "title": "This is Darin" }, { "id": "2640852", "text": "Heartbeats (song) \"Heartbeats\" is a song by Swedish electronic music duo The Knife. It was released in Sweden on 27 December 2002 as the lead single from their second studio album \"Deep Cuts\" (2003) and re-released on 4 October 2004. The song was listed at #15 on Pitchfork Media's top 500 songs of the 2000s and at #87 on \"Rolling Stone\"'s top 100 songs of the 2000s. In October 2011, \"NME\" placed it at number 95 on its list \"150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years\". Adjectives used to describe the music were \"haunting\" and \"electro\". In Robert Dimery's", "title": "Heartbeats (song)" }, { "id": "6248038", "text": "In 2006, Campbell released \"The Swing Sessions\", an album produced by Chong Lim with arrangements by John McAll covering 13 classic swing tracks such as \"Mack the Knife\", \"Call Me Irresponsible\", \"Mr. Bojangles\", and \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\". Both this album, and \"The Swing Sessions 2\" (released in November 2007), achieved platinum sales and charted in the Top 10 of the Australian ARIA Albums Chart. In 2008, David released \"Good Lovin'\", an album of songs from the 1960s which he described as 'blue-eyed soul'. This became his third platinum album, and again charted in the Australian Top 10.", "title": "David Campbell (singer)" }, { "id": "6308387", "text": "Return of the Mack \"Return of the Mack\" is a song written and recorded by the British R&B singer Mark Morrison. It was released in the United Kingdom in March 1996 and topped the UK Singles Chart a month later. It reached the number-one spot on the UK Singles Chart in April 1996 and number 2 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in June 1997 for one week behind \"MMMBop\" by Hanson, and went Platinum. The song's beat is sampled from the song \"Genius of Love\" by American band Tom Tom Club. \"Games\" by Chuckii Booker was also sampled. CD", "title": "Return of the Mack" }, { "id": "3205066", "text": "losing out to Sam Roberts. Michael Bublé (album) Michael Bublé is the self-titled third studio album and major label debut album released by Canadian crooner Michael Bublé. The album was released on February 11, 2003. The album spawned four singles: \"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart\", \"Kissing A Fool\", \"Sway\" and \"Spider-Man Theme\". It has since sold more than 3.2 million units worldwide. Bublé's career breakthrough came when he performed Kurt Weill's classic track \"Mack the Knife\" at the wedding of Brian Mulroney's daughter Caroline in September 2000. Mulroney introduced Bublé to David Foster, a multi-Grammy awarding producer and", "title": "Michael Bublé (album)" }, { "id": "615853", "text": "could wish the times in which he lived had been less troubled. But these things were as they were – and Kurt managed to make thousands of beautiful things during the short and troubled time he had... Sixty years after his death, Weill's music continues to be performed both in popular and classical contexts. In Weill's lifetime, his work was most associated with the voice of his wife, Lotte Lenya, but shortly after his death \"Mack the Knife\" was established by Louis Armstrong and Bobby Darin as a jazz standard. His music has since been recorded by many performers, ranging", "title": "Kurt Weill" }, { "id": "1479534", "text": "\"Fresh Air\" radio program with Terry Gross. Gilmore's son, Colin Gilmore, is also a singer–songwriter based in Austin. Gilmore's song \"Braver Newer World\" is featured in the 1995 Noah Baumbach film \"Kicking and Screaming\". In 2005, Gilmore released \"Come on Back\", an album of songs his father loved. Gilmore said of the album, \"This new album is a compilation of recordings of some old songs that my dad loved. I love them too, and it is a project very dear to me.\" His version of \"Mack the Knife\" from the album \"One Endless Night\" is on the soundtrack of Jacques", "title": "Jimmie Dale Gilmore" }, { "id": "865161", "text": "sang backing vocals on Arcadia's single \"The Promise\", on two songs from Phil Collins' album \"No Jacket Required\", and contributed \"Mack the Knife\" to the Hal Willner-produced tribute album \"\". In September 1985, he performed \"If You Love Somebody Set Them Free\" at the 1985 MTV Video Music Awards at the Radio City Music Hall in New York. The 1985 film \"Bring on the Night\", directed by Michael Apted, documented the formation of his solo band and its first concert in France. Sting released \"...Nothing Like the Sun\" in 1987, including singles, \"We'll Be Together\", \"Fragile\", \"Englishman in New York\",", "title": "Sting (musician)" }, { "id": "18792140", "text": "the \"Splish Splash\" and \"Mack the Knife\" days. In a Broadway Bag continued that success, and \"Mame\" was his biggest hit in three years. In a Broadway Bag is generally considered one of Bobby Darin's best (and certainly most cohesive) LPs.” In a Broadway Bag (Mame) In a Broadway Bag (Mame) is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1965. The album consists of songs from then-current hit Broadway musicals, including \"Funny Girl\", \"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\", \"Mame\", \"The Roar of the Greasepaint, the Smell of the Crowd\", and others. \"In a Broadway Bag", "title": "In a Broadway Bag (Mame)" }, { "id": "9237740", "text": "Don't You Know? \"Don't You Know?\" is a 1959 popular song written by Bobby Worth, and hit record for singer Della Reese. The song was adapted from an aria (\"Musetta's Waltz\") from Puccini's \"La Boheme\". The song was Reese's first single on her new label RCA Victor. It helped her get a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Female Vocalist. It also led to nine years in Las Vegas. It became Reese's biggest hit, reaching number one on the U.S. R&B chart. \"Don't You Know?\" went to number two on the U.S. Pop chart, where Mack the Knife by", "title": "Don't You Know?" }, { "id": "10455417", "text": "is sometimes stated as \"I like your sound\", but Mike's hipper version was: \"You keep pretty good time ... for a white cat\". He was immediately drafted into the rehearsal band for what become known as \"Birth of the Cool,\" while the regular trombonist Kai Winding was indisposed. Also present were Gerry Mulligan, Max Roach and Lee Konitz. Zwerin's contribution, in particular his solo on the track \"Move\", can be heard on \"The Complete Birth of the Cool.\" Among his other recordings are \"Getting Xperimental over U\", and \"Mack the Knife\", an album of Kurt Weill songs that he produced", "title": "Mike Zwerin" }, { "id": "7039397", "text": "and the record for \"Billboard\" Hot 100's top 40 at 62 consecutive weeks. It ranks at No. 4 on \"Billboard\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s All Time Top 100, the only single on the top 10 of this list not peaking at No. 1. The only songs that finished ahead of it were Bobby Darin's cover of \"Mack the Knife\", Santana's song \"Smooth\", and Chubby Checker's version of \"The Twist\". It has been certified 3× Platinum by the RIAA for shipments of 3 million copies in the United States, the highest certified country single of that time, to be surpassed twelve years later by \"Love", "title": "How Do I Live" }, { "id": "1316443", "text": "it was shelved for reasons unknown, and never saw the light of day. In 1990, Brown was featured on the number-one hit \"She Ain't Worth It\" by Glenn Medeiros, making it his second number 1 hit on the pop chart, and also collaborated with Babyface for the remix of the latter's single \"Tender Lover\" that same year. Brown stayed busy and, in 1991, he collaborated with New Edition member and friend Ralph Tresvant on the latter's single \"Stone Cold Gentleman\", which was a top-five R&B hit. Brown's next album \"Bobby\" wouldn't arrive until 1992. Despite its release during the final", "title": "Bobby Brown" }, { "id": "6177011", "text": "the Music and Dance\" and \"My Way\", which features as B-sides to \"Somethin' Stupid\". On the occasion of the European premiere of the Disney movie \"Finding Nemo\" in November 2003 in Berlin, Williams, accompanied by a youth orchestra, gave a live performance of several songs of the album in the subway station \"Bundestag\" (which at that time was only structurally completed) in front of a few hundred invited premiere guests. Williams gave a rare performance of \"Mack the Knife\" at Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Concert in June 2012, and he performed four songs from this album on his first Swing", "title": "Swing When You're Winning" }, { "id": "14962419", "text": "Bobby Brown \"Dance YA Know It\" World Tour 1990 Bobby Brown \"Don't Be Cruel\"l World Tour 1989 Killer Bees \"Live in Berlin Tour\" 1987-1989 •Grammy Awards •American Music Awards •Soul Train Awards •MTV Awards •Billboard Live •The Tonight Show •Saturday Night Live •The David Letterman Show •Keenan Ivory Wayans Show •Rosey O'Donnel Show •U.S. Open 2000 •CBS Morning Show •CBS Christmas Special 2000 John Forbes (music producer) John Forbes (born c. 1964) is a composer and music producer specializing in pop and urban music as well as contemporary orchestral film score. Currently living in the Atlanta, Georgia area, John Forbes", "title": "John Forbes (music producer)" }, { "id": "865207", "text": "Zarm on the 1990s television show \"Captain Planet and the Planeteers\". In 1989 he starred as Macheath (Mack the Knife) in John Dexter's Broadway production of \"The Threepenny Opera\". Sting also appeared as himself in the video game \"Guitar Hero World Tour\". Sting (musician) Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner (born 2 October 1951), known as Sting, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He was the principal songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band the Police from 1977 to 1984, and launched a solo career in 1985. He has included elements of rock, jazz, reggae, classical,", "title": "Sting (musician)" }, { "id": "5727666", "text": "Fire, Peter Bjorn and John, Papercuts, The Shins, Iron and Wine, Deerhoof, The Walkmen, Jana Hunter, Thurston Moore, Joe Russo and The War On Drugs. His single \"Bradley Manning\" premiered on the \"Democracy Now News Hour\" in 2012. His songs have been featured in films including the surf film \"The Present\" (2009), and Ralph Arlyck documentary \"Following Sean\", as well as notable skate videos featuring Jason Dill, Jerry Hsu Chima Ferguson and Dylan Rieder. His song \"Bobby, King of Boys Town\" appeared in HBO show \"Girls\" (Season 2, Episode 9 - \"On All Fours\"). In 2014 he did a co-headlining", "title": "Cass McCombs" }, { "id": "15967137", "text": "began to rise. Bobby Mackey's has been featured on network television shows such as \"Ghost Hunters\", \"Ghost Adventures\", \"Most Terrifying Places in America\", \"My Ghost Story\", and \"A Haunting\". USA Today quotes Zak Bagans of Ghost Adventures as saying Bobby Mackey's is \"one of the 10 most haunted places in America.\" Bobby Mackey Robert Randall \"Bobby\" Mackey (born March 25, 1948) is a traditional country music singer whose career has spanned 40 years. His musical style can be described by his loyalty to Hank Williams, Merle Haggard, George Jones, Buck Owens, Conway Twitty and Johnny Paycheck, and is the foundation", "title": "Bobby Mackey" }, { "id": "6343956", "text": "11, 1961, Berlin, Germany: Track 20 features; The Oscar Peterson Trio Ella Returns to Berlin Ella Returns to Berlin is a 1961 (see 1961 in music) live album by Ella Fitzgerald, with a trio led by the pianist Lou Levy, and also featuring the Oscar Peterson trio. The album's title refers to Fitzgerald's more famous concert in Berlin a year earlier (\"\"), which had included her famous rendition of Mack the Knife, which earned her a Grammy Award for Best Female Vocal Performance (Single). Like \"\", this concert was first released thirty years after it was originally recorded, in 1991.", "title": "Ella Returns to Berlin" }, { "id": "11803439", "text": "first concert outside of Nashville was in Wichita, Kansas. They have played over 40 charity shows and have raised over $1.5 million for charities. On June 2, 2015, The Raging Idiots signed a record deal with Black River Entertainment. They released their debut album “The Critics Give It 5 Stars” which was a number one record on the comedy charts. From the album, the singles were: “If I Was Your Boyfriend” and “Fishing With My Dad”. The Raging Idiots released an EP titled “The Next Episode EP” where the lead single “Namaste” was a number one comedy song. Followed by", "title": "The Bobby Bones Show" }, { "id": "19191956", "text": "as well as Tony Leung's performance. \"Hong Kong Film Net\" gave the film a score of 6 out of 10 praising the characters but criticizing the lack of story. \"So Good Reviews\" praised the performances of Leung and Sean Lau, but criticizes the lack of impact in the story. The film grossed HK$16,832,931 at the Hong Kong box office during its theatrical run from 17 February to 22 March 1995. Mack the Knife (1995 film) Mack the Knife, also known as Dr. Mack, is a 1995 Hong Kong comedy-drama film written, produced and directed by Lee Chi-ngai, based on the", "title": "Mack the Knife (1995 film)" }, { "id": "8018310", "text": "tunes are available both on iTunes and americanidol.com. For Jordin Sparks, these singles were \"If We Hold on Together\", \"You'll Never Walk Alone\", \"Rhythm is Gonna Get You\", \"On a Clear Day\", and \"Hey Baby\". For Blake Lewis, these singles were \"You Should Be Dancing\", \"Mack the Knife\", \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\", \"Imagine\", and \"This Love\". After season 8, an album was released exclusively to Wal-Mart which contained songs from the show from various top ten finalists. The album included both Kris Allen's and Adam Lambert's version of \"No Boundaries\". Another Wal-Mart exclusive a 5-track EP was also later", "title": "American Idol compilation series" }, { "id": "615842", "text": "also criticised by others: by Schoenberg, who later revised his opinion, and by Anton Webern. His best-known work is \"The Threepenny Opera\" (1928), a reworking of John Gay's \"The Beggar's Opera\" written in collaboration with Bertolt Brecht. Engel directed the original production of \"The Threepenny Opera\" in 1928. It contains Weill's most famous song, \"Mack the Knife\" (\"\"). The stage success was filmed by G. W. Pabst in two language versions: \"Die 3-Groschen-Oper\" and \"L'opéra de quat' sous\". Weill and Brecht tried to stop the film adaptation through a well publicised lawsuit—which Weill won and Brecht lost. Weill's working association", "title": "Kurt Weill" }, { "id": "6483986", "text": "third and final single from her self-titled sixth studio album, however only to radio and clubs. The song was co-produced by Branigan and Steve Lindsey for the album, with several remix versions following garnering significant play in Hi-NRG clubs. In 1994 (see 1994 in music), the song was recorded by Gloria Estefan for the soundtrack to the film \"The Specialist\". Released as a single, it became a hit reaching #13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and is also featured on Estefan's fourth solo album \"Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me\". She also sang the song as her opening performance in", "title": "Turn the Beat Around" }, { "id": "13698166", "text": "all the way, on her own from Moscow, Soviet Union (now Russia). This film can be considered as a musical, as most of the words are sung. A few common tunes are used to form part of the musical score used for in the film soundtrack, such as \"Mack the Knife\" and the \"Tea for Two Cha-Cha\" (both American tunes) as well as \"La Vie En Rose\", which was made famous by \"Édith Piaf\". The final song is loosely based on \"Auld Lang Syne\" Seryi Volk & Krasnaya Shapochka Seryi Volk & Krasnaya Shapochka, literally \"Grey Wolf and Little Red", "title": "Seryi Volk & Krasnaya Shapochka" }, { "id": "6545745", "text": "a double-sided hit; the flip side was the even bigger hit, \"Rag Mop.\" The Russ Morgan version was recorded on January 23, 1950. The recording was released by Decca Records as catalog number 24904. The record first reached the Billboard magazine charts on April 21, 1950 and lasted 15 weeks on the chart, peaking at #10. Bandleader Ray Anthony's version was also popular in 1950. peaking at #7 on Billboard's \"Most Played By Disc Jockeys\" list, #22 on the retail chart. Vocal by Ronnie Deauville. The Jackie Brown version was recorded on July 12, 1950. The recording was released by", "title": "Sentimental Me" }, { "id": "12494001", "text": "music producers Kenny \"Babyface\" Edmonds, The Matrix, Desmond Child and The Underdogs. He has played on hit singles that have reached #1 worldwide including: \"Sk8er Boi\", \"I'm with You\" as well as the Grammy Awards nominated song \"Complicated\". He also played on hit singles that reached the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay charts including: \"Why Can't I?\", \"(There's Gotta Be) More To Life\", and \"No Air\", as well as playing guitar & bass on the . Corky James performed on the soundtrack for the movie \"Bobby\", a Golden Globe Award-nominated historical drama film written & directed by Emilio Estevez and contributed", "title": "Corky James" }, { "id": "5422471", "text": "as Liz Hurley. A cast recording was released in 2014. In November 2009, he hosted the Inside Film Awards at Sydney's Luna Park. In 2010, he performed \"Songs from the Middle\", a song cycle inspired by Perfect's childhood in Mentone, Victoria. Eamonn Kelley in \"The Australian\" described the work as \"a poignant narrative of adult reconciliation with a place and a past from which he fled at the first opportunity, restless and with no sense of belonging\". He played the lead role of Mack the Knife in \"The Threepenny Opera\" at the Malthouse Theatre, Melbourne. In 2011 he played the", "title": "Eddie Perfect" }, { "id": "9785037", "text": "Every Little Step \"Every Little Step\" is a 1989 single by American singer Bobby Brown, written by L.A. Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds and released by MCA Records. Released as the fourth single on his second album \"Don't Be Cruel\" it reached number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number one on the Hot Black Singles chart, and number six on the UK Singles Chart in 1989. The song also appears on Brown's remix album \"Dance!...Ya Know It!\". The single garnered Brown's first career Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 32nd Grammy Awards in 1990. Around", "title": "Every Little Step" }, { "id": "13992732", "text": "time he also sang a few songs with his infant daughter. He retired in 2008. José Guardiola José Guardiola Díaz de Rada, (22 October 1930 – 9 April 2012) was a Spanish singer of popular music who sang in Spanish and Catalan. Guardiola was born in Barcelona. He performed and recorded mostly Spanish versions of foreign songs and reached his maximum fame in Spain and Latin America in the early 1960s with versions of songs like \"Sixteen Tons\", \"Mack the Knife\" and \"Ya Mustafa\". He was known as \"the Spanish Crooner\" due to his style and the types of songs", "title": "José Guardiola" }, { "id": "3848595", "text": "their members would be put out of work. Despite the controversy, musicians worldwide embraced the Chamberlin. \"Mack the Knife\" singer Bobby Darin was one of the first customers, buying a customized model 300 without the rhythm section tapes. Chamberlin's company eventually grew with his children employed by him, and his window cleaner Bill Franson offering to become his salesman. Franson travelled the country offering the Chamberlin instruments to music stores, parlours, and cocktail lounges. Offers of larger distribution were made, but Harry Chamberlin preferred word of mouth advertising and did not like the terms and conditions of distributorship and eschewed", "title": "Chamberlin" }, { "id": "615851", "text": "home by her man at the front: furs from Oslo, a silk dress from Paris etc., until finally, from Russia, she receives her widow's veil. Apart from \"Mack the Knife\" and \"Pirate Jenny\" from \"The Threepenny Opera\", his most famous songs include \"Alabama Song\" (from \"Mahagonny\"), \"Surabaya Johnny\" (from \"Happy End\"), \"Speak Low\" (from \"One Touch of Venus\"), \"Lost in the Stars\" (from the musical of that name), \"My Ship\" (from \"Lady in the Dark\"), and \"September Song\" (from \"Knickerbocker Holiday\"). Weill suffered a heart attack shortly after his 50th birthday and died on April 3, 1950, in New York", "title": "Kurt Weill" }, { "id": "9833561", "text": "Don't Be Cruel (Bobby Brown song) \"Don't Be Cruel\" is a song by American singer Bobby Brown. Taken from his second and most successful album as its title track, the song was written and produced by the R&B production duo Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds and Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid. \"Don't Be Cruel\" was Brown's second single to reach the top position of the R&B chart where it remained for two weeks. As a pop crossover, it rose from number 59 to number 49, on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart, the week of August 13, 1988 but it took two months", "title": "Don't Be Cruel (Bobby Brown song)" }, { "id": "8398938", "text": "\"Special Occasion's\" first official single was the Rodney Jerkins-produced track \"Turn the Page\". The ballad features Valentino singing about trust and taking risks in a relationship. The album features guest appearances by Ludacris, Timbaland and Fabolous. The second single from the album is \"Anonymous,\" featuring and produced by Timbaland. \"Special Occasion\" debuted at No. 3 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling about 92,000 copies in its first week, just over one-half of his previous album's first-week sales. The album eventually peaked at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. As of mid-2009 the album has sold approximately 550,000", "title": "Special Occasion (Bobby Valentino album)" }, { "id": "8503537", "text": "Mack the Knife (1989 film) Mack the Knife is a 1989 Netherlands romantic comedy musical film written and directed by Menahem Golan and starring Raúl Juliá, Richard Harris, Julia Migenes, Roger Daltrey and Julie Walters. It is a film adaptation of the 1928 Brecht/Weill musical \"The Threepenny Opera\". In 19th century London, young Polly Peachum falls for the famous womanizing criminal Macheath and they decide to get married, but because of her family's disapproval, her father (\"the king of thieves\") has Macheath arrested. Juliá reprises the role of Macheath which won him a Tony nomination for a 1976 revival on", "title": "Mack the Knife (1989 film)" }, { "id": "19833191", "text": "single at the time (since surpassed by “This Is America”) and his first top 20 single. The song became Childish Gambino's first ever number-one single on the Adult R&B chart. The track was voted into fifth place in Australian radio station Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2016. The 2017 film \"Get Out\", directed by Jordan Peele, features the song during the film's opening scene. Since its re-entry to the \"Billboard\" charts, the song has become a popular internet meme consisting of various remixes of the song to fit a certain theme. During a concert in June 2017, Glover acknowledged the", "title": "Redbone (song)" }, { "id": "12972215", "text": "was also recorded by singer, songwriter Maria Vidal on her 1987 debut solo album. Also that year, she co-wrote \"Seven Wonders\" with Stevie Nicks, which was released on \"Tango in the Night\", Fleetwood Mac's 1987 release, and also as a single. The song peaked at #19 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles Charts and #2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks Chart. In January 2014, Stevie Nicks performed the song in the opening of the season finale of the hit show, \"\". This helped the song to reach #18 on the \"Billboard\" 'Digital Rock Songs' chart with", "title": "Sandy Stewart (musician)" }, { "id": "3054976", "text": "sang Kurt Weill's \"Mack the Knife\". At the wedding Bublé was introduced to David Foster, a multi-Grammy Award-winning producer and record executive who previously had worked with artists such as Madonna, Brandy Norwood, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, Céline Dion, Barbra Streisand, Kenny G, Cher, Josh Groban, and Andrea Bocelli. David Foster was reluctant to sign Bublé to his 143 Records label because he \"didn't know how to market this kind of music.\" Bublé moved to Los Angeles with his agent for a brief period to convince Foster to sign him. Eventually, Foster agreed to produce an album for him if", "title": "Michael Bublé" } ]

[ "370" ]

[ { "id": "6950747", "text": "and \"SXT\" are equipped with Chrysler's 3.5 L V6, producing and of torque. In Canada, the base model Charger has a 2.7L V6, which produces and of torque. In 2006, the 2.7L V6 was also available in the U.S. for fleet sales only. For 2007, the SE package could be had with the 2.7L engine for all buyers. The Canadian SXT model included the 3.5L V6. The \"R/T\" version uses the Hemi V8 engine. From 2006 to 2008, this engine produced and of torque. For 2009, Variable Camshaft Timing was added, raising power levels to and of torque respectively. The", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6950750", "text": "the biggest of which was rated at 425 SAE gross horsepower. This made the 6.1L Hemi engine the most powerful V8 engine that Chrysler had ever put in a production vehicle up to that point. Its best published sprint from has been 4.8 seconds (5.0 average). A new Super Bee version of the Charger debuted at the 2006 New York International Auto Show for the 2007 model year. It shared the SRT-8's Hemi engine, but was available in a special \"Detonator Yellow\" paint with black decals. It is a limited edition with only 1,000 being produced. A B5 Blue version", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6950749", "text": ". In 2007, larger 20-inch chrome-clad wheels were introduced. In 2008, a revised stripe package was adopted. In 2009, horsepower was increased to by the addition of Variable Camshaft Timing. An SRT-8 version of the Charger debuted at the 2005 New York International Auto Show. Powered by a at 6200 rpm version of the \"Hemi\", it also featured upgraded Brembo brakes, and interior and exterior updates. The engine produces of torque at 4800 rpm. The 425 SAE net horsepower of the modern 6.1L Hemi makes it even more powerful than the legendary Chrysler Hemi engines of the muscle car era,", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6950771", "text": "includes unique Gloss Black split-crosshair grille, polished 19-inch aluminum wheels with Gloss Black pockets; steering-wheel mounted paddle shifters with sport-mode, rear spoiler, sport seats, 300 horsepower V-6 or 370 horsepower V8 engine, Beats Audio. The US model was set to appear in Dodge showrooms in fall 2013. Early models include SE, SXT, SXT Plus, R/T, R/T Plus, R/T Road & Track, R/T Max. The police car version of Dodge Charger was made available with a choice of 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6 (292 hp) or 5.7-liter HEMI V-8 (370 hp) engine, larger 14.5-inch front brake discs, increased front-caliper swept area to 388", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6950764", "text": "Granite Crystal, Bright White, Redline Red Tri-coat and Phantom Black Tri-coat), Gloss Black 20-inch aluminum wheels, Gloss Black center caps, Gloss Black front grille, body-color rear spoiler, steering wheel-mounted paddle shifters, Sport Mode, 3.06 rear axle, Beats Audio (10 speakers with subwoofer and 552-Watt amplifier). The Blacktop Package was also available in model years 2012 and 2013 for the Charger V6 model. Horsepower was increased to 300 through the use of cold air intake and less restrictive exhaust systems. The Charger Daytona a limited (2500 units) version of 2013 Charger R/T and Charger R/T Road & Track with a choice", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6950788", "text": "V8 models are being adopted, with highway patrols favoring the Hemi V8 engine and cities more likely to purchase the base police package with the 3.5L V6 fuel-efficient engine. The Charger is also in service with the U.S. federal government and in its military police services. For 2009, the base Charger police car came with the 3.5L V6 and a 5-speed automatic transmission. The rear is slightly updated, moving the \"CHARGER\" badge to the right, and replacing the left with the badge reading \"DODGE.\" The V8 version uses the Charger Daytona R/T engine, rated and of torque. When the Charger", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6950757", "text": "and/or exhaust valves. The engine uses a timing chain, not a belt. The exhaust manifold is cast directly into the cylinder head. It is built alongside the 2011 Challenger SRT8 392 and 300C. Engines are available with both the 5-speed and 8-speed automatic transmissions. In 2015, the 8-spd autos are standard on the retail cars. The Charger Pursuit retains it Severe Duty A580 5-spd. From 2012 model year the 3.6 L engine is available with an 8-speed automatic that improves fuel economy by 4-mpg on the highway. The 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 produces and of torque, the 5.7 liter V-8", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "3857283", "text": "267 V8 (115 hp), 305 V8 (140 hp), 350 V8 (170 hp) 81 = 229 V6 (110 hp), 231 (3.8 L) V6 (110 hp), 267 V8 (115 hp), 305 V8 (140 hp), 350 V8 (170 hp) 82 = 229 V6 (110 hp), 231 (3.8 L) V6 (110 hp), 4.3 L V6 Diesel (85 hp), 305 V8, 350 V8 Diesel (105 hp) 83 = 229 V6 (110 hp), 231 (3.8 L) V6 (110 hp), 4.3 L V6 Diesel (85 hp), 305 V8, 350 V8 Diesel (105 hp) Beginning in 1982, the Malibu shared GM's redesignated rear-wheel-drive G platform with cars like", "title": "Chevrolet Malibu" }, { "id": "3088502", "text": "models. Base performance was increased, with the 3.5L 250 bhp V6 engine being replaced with a Pentastar 3.6L producing 292 bhp (218 kW; 296 PS) at 6350 rpm and 260 lb·ft (353 N·m) at 4800 rpm. The 4-speed automatic transmission was replaced with the 5-speed A580 auto. The SRT-8 was not produced for the 2011 model year. The 2012 year brought a new 8-speed automatic transmission to the V-6 model. This year also saw the return of the SRT-8 to the model lineup. AWD was also added to the V6, making AWD available on all but the SRT-8 model. For", "title": "Dodge Charger" }, { "id": "3088499", "text": "all-wheel drive (AWD). In its inaugural year, the Dodge Charger was available in SE, SXT, R/T, R/T with Road/Track Performance Group, Police, and Daytona R/T versions. The basic SE model included a 2.7 L V6 engine, 5-speed automatic transmission with \"AutoStick\" manual shifting feature, 17-inch wheels, air conditioning, all-speed traction control, as well as ABS and electronic stability control, a CD player, tilt and telescoping steering column, power locks/mirrors/windows, and remote keyless entry. Additional features and trims were available including the Charger R/T with a 5.7 L Hemi V8 mated to a 5-speed automatic transmission. A multiple-displacement system that allows", "title": "Dodge Charger" }, { "id": "3218791", "text": "Chrysler 300C The Chrysler Corporation has used the designation Chrysler 300C to refer to two separate unrelated vehicles from different eras: In 2018 the privately built Chrysler 300 SRT8 Punisher was unveiled. It has 1500 rwhp and 1288 ftlb of torque. https://ibb.co/iaM2cT A street legal sedan with all factory options and upgrades such as a full roll cage, complete NHRA safety package, and a 2.8 Liter liquid cooled twin screw Supercharger , Methanol and Nitrous burning 7.0 liter engine. The Punisher is expected to make a world record speed run in 2019. With The boasted speed times of 0-60 in", "title": "Chrysler 300C" }, { "id": "3531583", "text": "but increasing torque at launch and during mid-range operation for everyday driving. Chrysler claimed that part-throttle torque was increased by up to 10% in the primary driving range, 2100–3400 rpm. Horsepower again dropped in 2009 on the LX cars to on the Chrysler 300 and Charger, but remains at 189 for the Chrysler Sebring. Vehicles using this engine include: Buildup of oil sludge is a common issue that plagues this engine. Higher than average operating temperature, an insufficient oil capacity and the timing chain driven water pump leaking into the crankcase are all factors in why this occurs . The", "title": "Chrysler LH engine" }, { "id": "3770816", "text": "fuel economy and to reduce emissions. It produces . Vehicle applications: The QR25DE is a 2.5 L (2488 cc) variant built with cast steel connecting rods, a steel timing chain, counter-rotating balance shafts, and an aluminum intake manifold. The engine bore is 89 mm with a stroke of 100 mm and a compression ratio ranging from 9.5:1 to 10.5:1 depending on the vehicle. Output is rated 175 hp (130 kW) at 6000 rpm with 180 lb·ft (244 N·m) of torque at 4000 rpm in the Altima 2.5 and Sentra SE-R models. Altimas that are PZEV compliant create and of torque.", "title": "Nissan QR engine" }, { "id": "6950758", "text": "delivers and of torque, and the new 6.4 liter V-8 produces and . of torque. According to the October 2011 issue of Motor Trend, the Dodge Charger SRT-8, weighing , sprints from 0- in 4.3 seconds, and clears the quarter mile (~400 m) in 12.8 seconds at . It is mechanically identical to the Chrysler 300 SRT-8. The Charger SRT8 returns as 2012 model, which was previewed at the 2011 Chicago Auto Show. Chrysler began putting the Dodge logo with slanted red rectangles on the grilles of 2012.5 Charger models. In 2011 Dodge introduced the Dodge Charger R/T Mopar 11", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6950743", "text": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD) The Dodge Charger is a full-size four-door sedan, introduced first at the 2005 North American Auto Show and built by FCA US LLC, a subsidiary of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. It is available in rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive. The Charger was created to continue the Dodge Charger line with its muscle car heritage, and replaced the Dodge Intrepid as Dodge's full-size sedan. The second-generation Charger debuted for the 2011 model year. The first Charger was a 1964 show car, based on the Dodge Polara and fitted with a 426 Wedge V8 engine. The first production Charger, based", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6950775", "text": "center console trim, and steering-wheel center ring; added bright pedal kit, pistol-grip shifter, door-sill guards, and a wireless charging pad. The vehicle was unveiled in 2013 SEMA Show. The 100th Anniversary Edition is a version of 2014 Dodge Charger SXT Plus with Pentastar V-6 engine or R/T Plus with HEMI V-8 engine, commemorating the 100th anniversary of brothers Horace Elgin Dodge and John Francis Dodge introducing the Dodge Model 30, with choice of 8 body colors (Pitch Black, Bright White, Billet Silver, Granite Crystal, Ivory Tri-Coat, Phantom Black Tri-Coat, Header Orange and an exclusive High Octane Red pearl), 20x8-inch polished", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "3088500", "text": "it to save fuel by running on only four cylinders when cruising was also featured in the V8. Performance was focus of the Charger SRT8 equipped with a 6.1 L Hemi engine mated to a 5-speed automatic, as well as conveniences such as an eight-way power front passenger seat, automatic climate control, special grille and rear spoiler, body-color interior trim, special front fascia and engine cover, larger exhaust tips, performance steering gear, heated front seats with perforated suede inserts, power-adjustable pedals, and special colors and exterior trim. Optional was a Road/Track package with 10 additional horsepower, GPS navigation system, 322-watt", "title": "Dodge Charger" }, { "id": "6950787", "text": "speed of . In Michigan State Police testing, the Charger V8 easily outperformed all other pursuit vehicles in acceleration, cornering, and braking (except the Dodge Magnum and V6 Charger, which stopped slightly faster in some tests) in the first five years since its introduction. Chargers are in use with numerous police agencies in North America as both marked and unmarked patrol cars. Law enforcement agencies outside of the U.S. have also purchased the Charger, including police services in Canada, Mexico, Chile, the Czech Republic, and the Middle East, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates. Both V6 and", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "3997689", "text": "for two passengers, as opposed to three in the rest of the range. Incidentally, this is the same engine used in the 2004 European performance specification Colt (cz-\"T\"), only running slightly increased horsepower figures (torque stayed the same). This version is also sold in Australia and New Zealand as the Colt Ralliart, without the 'Version-R' designation. The CVT version is officially sold in Singapore and Hong Kong under the same designation as Japan. In 2008, the Version R went through a minor facelift with its engine uprated to 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 6000 rpm and 210 N·m", "title": "Mitsubishi Colt" }, { "id": "18428294", "text": "Brake horsepower per cubic centimeter Brake horsepower per cubic centimeter or (bhp/cc) is a figure of merit that is used to indicate the 'state of tune' of an internal combustion engine. It is defined as the ratio of the engine's nett power output to its displacement, the internal size. Power is measured at its rated speed and full throttle. The same measurement may also be stated in units of kilowatts per liter (kw/l). This term was first used by André Erasmus and Morné Basson. It is also termed specific power, although this should be qualified as \"volume-specific\" power. A similar", "title": "Brake horsepower per cubic centimeter" }, { "id": "3088503", "text": "the 2012 – 2018 years, the Super Bee platform (Later called Scat Pack 15+) was available, making use of features seen in regular SRT-8 models with accessories and badges reminiscent of the 60s and 70s muscle car. These included a 6.4L engine with 470 HP, four piston Brembo calipers, slotted rotors, paddle shifters, SRT launch features (such as 0-60 timing, Live G-Force readings, and ¼ and ⅛ mile drag timers), custom seat embroidery, and more. The 2017 model had an upgrade to the 8.4 nav/display system and was restyled due to issues with the previous system. For 2015 the Charger", "title": "Dodge Charger" }, { "id": "6950782", "text": "new steering wheel and seats, and a wide range of trim packages with both leather and cloth seating. The refreshed interior also features a new instrument cluster featuring a 7-inch (180mm) TFT (Thin Film Transistor) display. The available 8.4 inch Uconnect touchscreen radio with available navigation has been revised, now including Uconnect Apps. Mechanically, the 3.6L Pentastar V6 and the 5.7L/6.4L HEMI engines remained the same. All engines are now backed by the ZF 8HP 8-Speed Automatic transmissions co-produced by ZF (previously only V6 models used the ZF 8-speed). There have been revisions to the chassis components, including Electric Assist", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "8795595", "text": "a 2015MY update in Europe Mitsubishi 4N1 engine was replaced with PSA DV6C engine. The almost whole range of petrol engines – 1.6L (117 hp), 1.8L (140 hp), and 2.0L (150 hp) is offered on the CIS market. Mitsubishi has concentrated on emphasizing the RVR's fuel economy and low emissions, as part of the company's plan to reposition itself as a maker of smaller and more efficient cars, in contrast to its previous successes building large SUVs. The vehicle is both eligible for an eco-car tax reduction in Japan, and Euro-5 compliant in Europe. In Australia the ASX received a", "title": "Mitsubishi RVR" }, { "id": "4210816", "text": "the Chevrolet HHR. PT Cruiser models included the Classic Edition, Limited Edition, Touring Edition, \"Dream Cruiser\", \"Street Cruiser\", \"Pacific Coast Highway Edition\" and PT Cruiser GT. Non-GT Turbo (180 hp) edition models (introduced in 2004) were identified by a \"2.4L Turbo\" badge on the lower right hand corner of the rear lift-gate. The GT model (introduced in 2003) has a \"2.4L Turbo High Output\" badge on the right hand corner of the lift-gate indicating the 215-230 hp engine version. The PT Cruiser was updated for 2006 to include scalloped headlights, a revised grille no longer extending below the \"bumper\", new", "title": "Chrysler PT Cruiser" }, { "id": "6950812", "text": "260 Chargers. The bumble bee stripes returned as well, but were changed slightly. Instead of four stripes, it now consisted of a wide stripe framed by two smaller stripes. In the middle of the stripe, an R/T cutout was placed. If the stripe was deleted, a metal R/T emblem was placed where the R/T cutout was. Total production was around 89,199 units. There were two different 383 engines available for the 1969 model year: 2-barrel and 4-barrel. The 2-barrel was rated at 290 hp. The four barrel engine was rated at 330 hp and was identified on the air cleaner", "title": "Dodge Charger (B-body)" }, { "id": "4357760", "text": "secure the championship. The 1,588 cc 12T and 12T-U (lean burn) was produced from 1970 through 1983. It produces 88 hp (66 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 96 lb·ft (130 N·m) at 3,400 rpm. There was also a 12T-J version for commercial vehicles, which didn't have to meet as stringent emissions standards in Japan. In response to Honda's CVCC emissions, Toyota introduced \"TTC-L\", using a lean burn implementation. Applications: The 2T-G, produced from 1970 through 1983, is a chain driven 8v DOHC version. Output is 110-125 hp (82-93 kW) and 105–109 lb·ft (142-147 N·m). Variants include the air-injected 2T-GR, Japan-spec", "title": "Toyota T engine" }, { "id": "3088492", "text": "Dodge Charger The Dodge Charger is a brand of automobile marketed by Dodge. The first Charger was a show car in 1964. There have been several different production Chargers, built on three different platforms and sizes. In the U.S., the Charger nameplate has been used on subcompact hatchbacks, full-sized sedans, and personal luxury coupes. The current version is a four-door sedan. The three main iterations of Dodge Chargers were a mid-size (B-body) two-door car (1966–78), a subcompact (L-body) car (1983–87), and the (LX) full-size platform four-door sedans built since 2006. The first Charger was a 1965 Dodge Dart GT option", "title": "Dodge Charger" }, { "id": "10042963", "text": "Charging Power [kW]\" The battery capacity of a fully charged electric vehicle from electric vehicle automakers (such as Nissan) is about 20 kWh, providing it with an electrical autonomy of about 100 miles. Tesla initially released their Model S with battery capacities of 40 kWh, 60 kWh and 85 kWh with the latter having an estimated range of approximately 480 km; as of January 2018 they have two models, 75 kWh and 100 kWh. Plug in hybrid vehicles have capacity of roughly 3 to 5 kWh, for an electrical autonomy of 20 to 40 kilometers, but the gasoline engine ensures", "title": "Charging station" }, { "id": "3857282", "text": "rain-shortened Richmond 400 at Richmond in 1982, the independent driver's last win. The base V-6 engine for the 1978 Chevrolet Malibu developed just with optional upgrade to a V-6, or V-8. The largest and most powerful option was the V-8. Year Model Available Engines 78 = 200 V6 (95 hp), 231 (3.8 L) V6 (105 hp), 305 V8 (140 hp), 350 V8 (165 hp) 79 = 200 V6 (95 hp), 231 (3.8 L) V6 (115 hp), 267 V8 (125 hp), 305 V8 (140 hp), 350 V8 (165 hp) 80 = 229 V6 (110 hp), 231 (3.8 L) V6 (110 hp),", "title": "Chevrolet Malibu" }, { "id": "16310594", "text": "as the only engine offering for right hand drive markets from 2016 to the end of 2017, until the official announcement and deployment of gasoline RHD models in the middle of 2017, starting with the Levante S and subsequently the base Levante sometime in 2018. By 2018, a 560 horsepower V8 will be added. Subsequently, two V8 models were announced in 2018: the 590 horsepower Trofeo, followed by the 550 horsepower GTS. The Levante gains an eight speed ZF automatic transmission from the sixth generation Maserati Quattroporte. The vehicle's drivetrain is four-wheel-drive only, and like other Maserati models (Quattroporte and", "title": "Maserati Levante" }, { "id": "3088497", "text": "a subcompact hatchback coupe with front-wheel-drive, and a five-speed manual or three-speed automatic transmission. This economy-type model was similar to the Dodge Omni 024, but with a slightly larger engine. The Charger was available with the NA 2.2l SOHC or a turbocharged 2.2l SOHC engine. The turbo was available only with the manual transmission, unlike in the Dodge Daytona. A Shelby Charger was offered starting in 1983, with a turbo version available in 1984 producing at 5600 rpm and of torque at 3200 rpm. The engine was not intercooled and used a small t3 Garrett turbo. In 1985, the electronics", "title": "Dodge Charger" }, { "id": "3770818", "text": "is coupled with a 15 kW electric motor, Dual Clutch System, and lithium-ion battery for increased fuel efficiency. The engine has a compression ratio of 9.1:1 and produces a combined at 5600 rpm and at 3600 rpm. Vehicle applications: Nissan QR engine The QR family of inline-four piston engines by Nissan were introduced in 2000 and range from 2.0 L to 2.5 L in displacement. These motors are aluminum, dual overhead camshaft (DOHC), four-valve designs with variable valve timing and optional direct injection. The 2.0 L (1998 cc) QR20DE produces 147 hp (110 kW) and 148 lb·ft (200 N·m) The", "title": "Nissan QR engine" }, { "id": "9746608", "text": "brake cooling, a unique front spoiler, and new black and gray leather Recaro front seats. The Nissan GT-R is powered by the VR38DETT V6 engine, a DOHC V6 with plasma transferred wire arc sprayed cylinder bores. Two parallel Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI) turbochargers provide forced induction. Models manufactured between 2007 and 2010 produce a manufacturer-claimed engine output of at 6400 rpm and at 3200–5200 rpm. The engine also meets California Air Resources Board Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) standards. A curb weight of with side curtain airbags is achieved using a jig welded steel chassis with aluminum used for the", "title": "Nissan GT-R" }, { "id": "6950784", "text": "supercharged 6.2L Hemi V8 present in the Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat. The Charger Hellcat features a redesigned front fascia with a larger lower grille similar to the current generation Dodge Viper. The Hellcat is claimed to be the fastest factory four-door sedan ever built. The SRT 392 Hemi is a 6.4 liter V8 making and of torque. The Charger SRT 392 also comes with 20-inch forged aluminum wheels, 15.4-inch brake rotors out front, and 13.8-inch rear brake rotors. The Charger R/T Scat Pack essentially takes the place of the former SRT8 Super Bee in the Charger lineup. The powertrain of", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6950785", "text": "the SRT 392 is present, as are the front and rear bumpers, but leather upholstery is optional (as opposed to standard), the suspension uses fixed rate Bilstein shocks, the brakes are slightly smaller, and the wheel and tire package is narrower. The ParkView rear backup camera and ParkSense rear park assist are now standard on all models. In early 2006, DaimlerChrysler released a new police version of the Charger. It made its debut at the 2005 New York International Auto Show. Unlike the civilian version, the police version features upgraded heavy-duty brakes, a severe-duty cooling system, police-performance Electronic Stability Program,", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "4346218", "text": "stretched; When the guides break a noticeable chatter is heard from the timing chain slapping on the cover, warning the operator of a worn timing chain. The turbocharged 22R-TE (sold from late 1985 through 1988) produced at 4,800 rpm and at 2,800 rpm. These engines are extremely well known for their durability, decent fuel efficiency and good low to mid range torque. However, its weakness is high-end power. The 22R has a large displacement and a strong block, but its comparatively long stroke and restrictive head limit its use in high revving applications. Thus, the Toyota 18R-G, 2T-G, 4A-GE and", "title": "Toyota R engine" }, { "id": "180965", "text": "motor vehicle for tax purposes. The fiscal power is formula_12, where \"P\" is the maximum power in kilowatts and \"U\" is the amount of carbon dioxide (CO) emitted in grams per kilometre. The term for CO measurements has been included in the definition only since 1998, so older ratings in CV are not directly comparable. The fiscal power has found its way into naming of automobile models, such as the popular Citroën deux-chevaux. The (ch) unit should not be confused with the French (CV). The horsepower used for electrical machines is defined as exactly 746 W. In the US, nameplates", "title": "Horsepower" }, { "id": "3600091", "text": "hp (156.5 kW) at 5800 rpm and at 4000 rpm. Horsepower rating changed for the 2007 model year to at 5800 rpm and torque at 4000 rpm. The Chevrolet Malibu, Pontiac G6, and Saturn Aura became equipped with this engine for 2007 (previously the Malibu and G6 had the non-VVT 3.5 L \"LX9\"). In 2008 SAE ratings dropped the horsepower ratings to 219, keeping torque as is. On Pontiac G6 convertible models, horsepower was rated at 217. Applications: Note: GM often refers to this engine in its literature as a \"3.5L V6 with Variable Valve Timing\". The LZE 3500 is", "title": "GM High Value engine" }, { "id": "6950748", "text": "\"SRT-8\" model comes with the Hemi V8, which produces and of torque. The 2006 Charger Daytona R/T debuted at the Chicago Auto Show. It featured a high output version of the Hemi as well as an updated suspension and tires. Visual additions included a special front fascia with a chin spoiler and a black rear spoiler. In a retro touch, the Daytona R/T featured black \"Hemi\" decals on the hood and rear fender and retro high impact colors. The 2006 Dodge Charger RT Daytona “ Top Banana” (blk & yellow) model is a limited edition model with only 4000 cars", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "5249395", "text": "was slightly increased to 73 kW (98 hp/99 PS). In 1993, the Pajero was slightly restyled, and larger engines were introduced, a 3.5 L V6 with 153 kW (215 hp/208 PS) and a 2.8 L SOHC turbodiesel rated at 92 kW (123 hp/125 PS). These versions introduced Mitsubishi's Super Select four-wheel-drive system (known as Active-Trac in the United States), with an electronic transfer shift that could split power between both axles without the need to stop the car. It worked at speeds up to 100 km/h (62 mph). The first generation Pajero was also marketed as the Hyundai Galloper in", "title": "Mitsubishi Pajero" }, { "id": "15554396", "text": "strictly-controlled, one make, all-alloy, fuel injected and dry sumped 7-litre V8 ST engine. The power-plant is derived from the Le Mans Corvette C6.R programme and is hand-built in the United States. It delivers 550 horsepower at 6,800 revs per minute and is expected to have a racing life of 10,000 kilometres before requiring maintenance. This engine is identical to that of the Mosler Automotives current and very successful GT3 sports-car. The Link Engine Management, G4 Xtreme manages the fuel, ignition and e-throttle, gear shift cuts, performance limiting when parameters go \"out of range\" as well as supplying data to the", "title": "V8SuperTourer" }, { "id": "3615908", "text": "\"gentlemen's agreement\" not to exceed 280 PS (276 hp). The engine was designed for ~500 hp in racing trim, and then muzzled by the exhaust, boost restriction, and ECU. After this increase the car would put out ~310 hp (~230 kW) and could do 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.7 seconds and the quarter mile in 12.8 seconds. The GT-R had a significantly larger intercooler, larger brakes, and aluminium front guards and bonnet. Other distinguishing features include flared front and rear wheel arches. More supportive seats were fitted, and the turbo boost gauge and digital clock were removed from inside", "title": "Nissan Skyline" }, { "id": "6950745", "text": "1966 Charger. It was also lighter. It featured a four-door sedan body design, whereas all the previous production Chargers had two doors. It was a return to a rear wheel drive sedan platform Dodge had not offered since the mid-size Dodge Diplomat had been discontinued in 1989. Both the SXT and R/T models were also available as all-wheel drive starting in 2007. The AWD system is derived from the Mercedes-Benz 4Matic technology. From 2007 to 2008, the AWD system is engaged all the time, routing approximately 60% of the power to the rear wheels and 40% of the power to", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "3856401", "text": "hp (110 kW) and 413 N·m (305 lb-ft) of torque. This boosts system power by 10% while emitting only 109 g/km . The concept plug-in-hybrid is also based on the all-new Tucson platform, is equipped with a 1.7-liter diesel engine and a seven-speed dual-clutch transmission. The engine generates 113 hp (85 kW) and is accompanied by a 67 hp (50 kW) electric motor and a 10.7 kWh lithium-ion polymer battery, which delivers an all-electric range of more than . Combined system output is a maximum of 180 hp (135 kW) with 474 N·m (350 lb-ft) of torque, with estimated emissions", "title": "Hyundai Tucson" }, { "id": "6950783", "text": "Power Steering, which replaces the previous models Electro-Hydraulic Assist Power Steering. New aluminum rear differentials now use 4 mounting bolts for rigidity. AWD is no longer available on 5.7L R/T models. The 2015 Dodge Charger went on sale starting December 2014 in the US and Canada. The 2015 Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat was revealed on 13 August 2014 prior to being shown at the Woodward Dream Cruise, and was unveiled at the 2014 Kuala Lumpur International Motor Show in November. Present for the ceremony were Sandra Bullock, Mizz Nina, Michelle Yeoh and Fan Bingbing. It includes the same , ,", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "6885327", "text": "depending on the application. Renault brands for these engines are TCe115, TCe120 and TCe130. Bore : ; Stroke ; Capacity : 1197 cc; 16v DOHC It is fitted to the following vehicles: The DDR series include direct injection and supercharger. The HR12DDR is a 1.2 L supercharged straight-3 engine, equipped with timing chain. It produces and . Designed for small-car applications, this gasoline engine incorporates a variety of technologies to minimize CO2 emissions while providing practical levels of power output. Some of the pertinent features are: It is fitted to the following vehicles: The DE engine series include naturally-aspirated engines.", "title": "Nissan HR engine" }, { "id": "4081453", "text": "Tacoma trucks, and 2007 through 2009 model year FJ Cruiser SUV. This supercharger system features Eaton roots-type rotating components in a one-piece integral manifold, iridium spark plugs, and a five-rib serpentine drive belt system. It produces about of boost pressure. The supercharger, when installed by an authorized Scion or Toyota dealer, has the same warranty as powertrain, five years or , or the balance of the new car warranty, whichever is greater. When not installed by an authorized dealer, the supercharger is covered by a 12-month, parts-only warranty. The manufacturer's suggested retail price of the TRD supercharger is $4,500, not", "title": "Toyota Tacoma" }, { "id": "8575743", "text": "tune. The 4.0L has been dropped from the list and a 3.2L added, while Fiat's investor website, as of December 2011, specifies the 3.0L with Fiat's MultiAir technology. The 3.6L engine itself has different horsepower ratings in different vehicles, and has higher horsepower (305 hp) and torque (268 lb-ft) as used in the Dodge Challenger Twin and single turbocharged variants had been planned for 2015. These engines were projected to produce around 420 and 370 horsepower respectively. Direct injection was also planned. Due to the new ownership structure, Fiat has obtained the right to use these engines, and currently adopt", "title": "Chrysler Pentastar engine" }, { "id": "6416006", "text": "engine (268 vs. 270). The engine now sits 15 mm lower in the chassis for a lower center of gravity. Although the horsepower rating increases only 8 hp compared to the latest version of the previous \"DE\" engine, the real horsepower difference was much greater due to Nissan adopting the 2006 SAE hp measurement guidelines for horsepower ratings in 2007. According to Consumer Reports an Infiniti G35 Journey sedan with a 5-speed Automatic transmission can reach in 5.4 seconds, and the 1/4-mile (~400 m) 13.8 seconds. According to the also newly revised EPA guidelines, fuel economy is estimated at in", "title": "Infiniti G-series (Q40/Q60)" }, { "id": "6950830", "text": "was still available, with lowered compression and downrated to net instead of the previous gross. The ratings went down as the net horsepower measure was more realistic. Also beginning in 1972, all engines featured hardened valve seats to permit the use of regular leaded or unleaded gasoline rather than leaded premium fuel as in past years due to tighter emissions regulations. Though the 440+6 (designating a triple 2-barrel carb setup and was listed in the early 1972 sales literature, it was found in the August 1971 testing that this engine would not meet the new and more stringent 1972 emissions", "title": "Dodge Charger (B-body)" }, { "id": "4090888", "text": "although the small-block Turbo-Fire 400 two-barrel engine was dropped. Other engines had compression ratios lowered to allow the use of regular leaded, low-lead, or unleaded gasoline, per a GM corporate edict. Engine ratings fell to 245 hp (183 kW) for the base Turbo-Fire 350 CID (5.7 L) two-barrel, 270 hp (201 kW) for the Turbo-Fire 350-4V, and 300 hp (224 kW) for the Turbo-Jet 400. The SS 454 engine was actually raised to a nominal 365 gross hp (272 kW) despite the reduction in compression ratio. This increase in horsepower was a result of the 454 engine using the more", "title": "Chevrolet Monte Carlo" }, { "id": "8273059", "text": "two-wheel drive, although a four-wheel drive class is in operation. Most feature a 4130 chromoly steel tube-frame chassis covered by an aerodynamically engineered composite body. Gasoline engines are naturally aspirated, and typically Ford or Chevrolet V8 powertrains, generating in excess of 850-900 BHP (630-670 kW) and 900lb/foot (1200 N/m) of torque. Turbo charged diesel motors are allowed, with a minimum size of 5.0 liter to a maximum size of 6.6 liter, with two turbo chargers. Turbo engines must be fitted with an air restrictor. Suspension travel is around two-feet (26\", 66 cm) of wheel travel in the front and three-feet", "title": "Trophy Truck" }, { "id": "4241493", "text": "A version of the 4G15 was produced with gasoline multi port injection. It has approximately on the 1993 Mirage model. The DOHC 4G15 produces 110 hp with 137 Nm of torque. Another DOHC version was combined with GDI fuel injection and delivers 100 hp and 137 Nm of torque. There is also a DOHC 16-valve variant 110 PS at 6,000 rpm which is uncommon. A DOHC MIVEC turbo variant of the engine is also still in production to date (4G15T), serving in the Mitsubishi Colt series, offering on the latest Colt Version-R (with exhaust enhancement). The most powerful version of", "title": "Mitsubishi Orion engine" }, { "id": "3131875", "text": "name, denoting a technical variant, subclass or subtype (a variation in the basic model (or series) or a different motor or manufacturer). In the new diesel-locomotive classification, the fifth letter refines the horsepower in 100-hp increments: A for 100 hp, B for 200 hp, C for 300 hp an so on. In this classification, a WDM-3A is a 3100 hp, a WDM-3D a 3400 hp and a WDM-3F a 3600 hp locomotive. Diesel locomotives are fitted with auxiliary power units, which save almost 88 percent of fuel during idle time when a train is not running. As of March 2017,", "title": "Indian Railways" }, { "id": "14367692", "text": "V8 engine outputs 317 hp and 385 lb-ft of torque. The V8-engined versions are also electronically limited to a top speed of . The NV1500 has a load capacity of , similar to the GMC/Chevrolet cargo van using the same \"1500\" designation, and informally known as a \"half-ton\". It is only available with the 4-litre V6. It is available in S or SV trim, with the SV receiving power door locks, windows, outside mirrors and 17\" styled steel wheels. The NV2500 HD (HD for \"heavy duty\") is equipped with the 4-litre V6 engine, with the bigger V8 available as an", "title": "Nissan NV (North America)" }, { "id": "5140778", "text": "DOHC Boss short blocks sourced from Windsor, Ontario, the Boss engines include some locally sourced parts such as intake and pistons coupled with DOHC 4-valve cylinder heads from the Mustang Cobra R engine. FPV named this uniquely tuned engine as the Boss 290 because of its power output. It produced 290 kW (394 PS; 389 bhp) at 5500 rpm and 520 N·m (380 lb·ft) of torque at 4500 rpm. For the BFII FPV GT Cobra special edition, the Boss 302 was created. The GT Cobra motor produced 405 hp (302 kW) and 398 lb·ft (540 N·m)). The Boss 302 motor", "title": "Ford Performance Vehicles" }, { "id": "6214441", "text": "vehicle battery chargers (ECS) come in a variety of brands and characteristics. These chargers vary from 1 kW to 7.5 kW maximum charge rate. Some use algorithm charge curves, others use constant voltage, constant current. Some are programmable by the end user through a CAN port, some have dials for maximum voltage and amperage, some are preset to specified battery pack voltage, amp-hour and chemistry. Prices range from $400 to $4500. A 10 amp-hour battery could take 15 hours to reach a fully charged state from a fully discharged condition with a 1 amp charger as it would require roughly", "title": "Battery charger" }, { "id": "2291430", "text": "Honda Accord Euro R (CL7) was launched in October 2002, succeeding the previous Euro R (CL1). A lightened and more sports focused variant of the Japanese car the Accord Euro R was powered by the K20A 2.0L DOHC i-VTEC engine producing 220 bhp (217 hp, 162 kW @ 8000 rpm) and 21.0 kg-m (206 Nm @ 7000 rpm) of torque through the only option of a lightweight 6-speed manual transmission. The same engine can be found in the JDM Integra Type R (DC5). The Accord Euro-R was available to the Japanese Domestic Market and Europe. Some features that distinguish it", "title": "Honda Accord" }, { "id": "6416004", "text": "size smaller in front and larger in back than the 1st gen model's all-around 235/45R18s. The updated VQ35HR is more powerful ( at 6,800 rpm and at 4,800 rpm), more fuel efficient, and more responsive than the previous VQ35DE. The \"HR\" stands for \"High Revolution\" or \"High Response\". A dual-path intake (two air cleaners, throttle bodies, etc.) lowers intake tract restriction by 18 percent and new equal-length exhaust manifolds lead into mufflers that are 25 percent freer flowing. The intake is said to benefit from a ram-air effect adding three horsepower at 60 mph. Electrically actuated variable valve timing is", "title": "Infiniti G-series (Q40/Q60)" }, { "id": "16775356", "text": "an EPA-estimated fuel economy of 20/30/23 mpg (city/highway/combined) and the maximum output is 310 hp at 6,500 rpm and 272 lb-ft of torque at 4,500 rpm. The fuel saving VCM system works in either 6 or 3 cylinder configurations, the new model uses more sophisticated engine mounts which bypasses the need for a 4-cylinder mode which would result in a lower NVH. Hybrid models feature the VCM capability as well, with an added start-stop system to boost fuel economy further as well as the ability to operate entirely on electric power up to 58 miles per hour with light throttle", "title": "Acura RLX" }, { "id": "5227125", "text": "the new engine will be available in the next generation SRT8 Dodge Charger, Chrysler 300C, and Jeep Grand Cherokee. Special-edition Challengers equipped with this engine, and the engines themselves, will bear \"392 HEMI\" badging in commemorative reference to the first-generation Hemi engine of the same piston displacement. In other applications, the engine is badged as \"6.4L HEMI\". Output is and ; for the 2015 model year, horsepower was increased by 15, to and , in the Charger and Challenger; the Grand Cherokee SRT only saw a 5 bhp increase. The engine is available in the Chrysler 300 SRT8, Dodge Charger", "title": "Chrysler Hemi engine" }, { "id": "1700592", "text": "as noted above, a number of reasons not to. The French government modified the fiscal horsepower formula again in 1978 and in 1998. Since 1998 the taxable power is calculated from the sum of a CO emission figure (over 45), and the maximum power output of the engine in kilowatts (over 40) to the power of 1.6. Diesel engines have long been favoured by French fiscal horsepower calculations. First, since 1956, diesel engines have had a .7 coefficient applied to the calculated value, thus lowering the fiscal horsepower. Secondly, diesel powered vehicles generally produce less CO than equivalent gasoline powered", "title": "Tax horsepower" }, { "id": "9746168", "text": "Engine power Engine power or horsepower is the maximum power that an engine can put out. It can be expressed in kilowatts or horsepower. The power output depends on the size and design of the engine, but also on the speed at which it is running and the load or torque. Maximum power is achieved at relatively high speeds and at high load. The following tables give some examples of engine power for a wide variety of engines and vehicles. Increased engine performance is a consideration, but also other features associated with luxury vehicles. Longitudinal engines are common. Bodies vary", "title": "Engine power" }, { "id": "6950828", "text": "were badged as Coronets and all two-door B-bodies as Chargers. Thus for one year only, the Super Bee became part of the Charger lineup, after which it was discontinued. From 1971 to 1974, Charger models used the Coronet's VIN prefix of \"W\". Several other models were carried over from 1970, including the 500, R/T, and SE. Sales of the R/T declined due in part to higher insurance costs and gasoline prices. A total of 63 Hemi RTs were built that year, marking its last appearance in any production car, and 2,659 with other engines. The 1971 model year was also", "title": "Dodge Charger (B-body)" }, { "id": "3218792", "text": "2.0 seconds, 1/4 mile 8.56 @ 161 mph, and Top Speed of 265 mph with it's 3.06 gear ratio, The Punisher is the fastest street legal sedan in the world to date. Chrysler 300C The Chrysler Corporation has used the designation Chrysler 300C to refer to two separate unrelated vehicles from different eras: In 2018 the privately built Chrysler 300 SRT8 Punisher was unveiled. It has 1500 rwhp and 1288 ftlb of torque. https://ibb.co/iaM2cT A street legal sedan with all factory options and upgrades such as a full roll cage, complete NHRA safety package, and a 2.8 Liter liquid cooled", "title": "Chrysler 300C" }, { "id": "4345139", "text": "nearly less and is an inch shorter than J30A1. This version was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2003 and 2004. The IMA hybrid version was on the list for 2005. In 2006 Honda created the J30A5 to mark the 30th anniversary of the Accord. It boosted output to 244 hp (SAE Net 08/04) and 211 lb·ft (SAE Net 08/04) of torque. According to Honda, horsepower gains were achieved with improvements to the airflow of the intake and exhaust system. The J32A displaces and is a SOHC VTEC design. Its bore is and its stroke is . Output", "title": "Honda J engine" }, { "id": "7207115", "text": "Solid White and Silver Metallic. Four variants were available: 2.5G, 2.5G TRD Sportivo, 2.7V and 2.7V TRD Sportivo. The 2.7V and 2.7V TRD Sportivo carries an in-line 4-cylinder, DOHC, 16-valve, VVT-i petrol engine, with a maximum output of 118 kW (160 PS; 158 hp) at 5200 rpm and maximum torque of 241 N·m (178 lb·ft) at 3800 rpm. It was available only in 4-speed automatic transmission with ECT. The 2.5G and 2.5G TRD Sportivo has an in-line 4-cylinder, DOHC, 16-valve, D-4D turbodiesel engine with a maximum output of 75 kW (102 PS; 101 hp) at 3600 rpm and maximum torque", "title": "Toyota Fortuner" }, { "id": "4486288", "text": "and 178 lb·ft (241 N m) at 4500 rpm, while the G6CT produces 189 hp (141 kW) at 6000 rpm and 191 lb·ft (260 N m) at 4000 rpm. The older SOHC G6AT 3.0 S produces just 158 hp (118 kW) at 5000 rpm and 177 lb·ft (240 N m) at 3000 rpm. Applications(US) Applications(Korea) The G6AU and G4HC (both also called the 3.5 D ) are the large versions of the Sigma engine. Bore and stroke are both larger at and respectively. Output is 200 hp (149 kW) at 5500 rpm and 214 lb·ft (290 N m) at 4800", "title": "Hyundai Sigma engine" }, { "id": "15568778", "text": "engine's torque is available as low as 2000 rpm. McLaren claims that the engine has the highest horsepower to emission ratio of any current production engine. The engine is built at Ricardo's engine assembly facility in Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex. The turbochargers are supplied by MHI, and are different units from those used in Mitsubishi Lancer Evolutions. The engine was designed and built for the McLaren MP4-12C, where it produces @ 7000 rpm and @ 3000 rpm of torque. However, in 2012 McLaren released an update increasing power to @ 7500 rpm. For the GT3 racecar, the engine produces less power", "title": "McLaren M838T engine" }, { "id": "7742540", "text": "feature Dual VVT-i. The maximum power with Dual VVT-i is at 5,200 rpm, and of torque at 3,800 rpm. Toyota TR engine The Toyota TR engine is a family of gasoline engines that appeared in 2004. They are mainly used for vehicles in the Toyota IMV platform such as the HiLux, Innova, and Fortuner; and are designed to be mounted longitudinally for pickup RWD and 4WD pickup applications. The 1TR-FE is a 1,998 cc I4 gasoline engine. It features DOHC, 16 valves and VVT-i. Its power is at 5,600 rpm, and of torque at 4,000 rpm with redline of 6000", "title": "Toyota TR engine" }, { "id": "6481449", "text": "is 71 mm and stroke is 84 mm, with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. Output is at 6000 rpm with of torque at 4800 rpm - and a rev-limit of 6500 rpm - or at 6000 rpm with of torque at 3600 rpm. When originally on sale it met European emission standard EU4 requirements and had levels of 109 g/km, but current applications meet European emission standard EU5 and can have levels as low as 99 g/km. This engine has been given the 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 International Engine of the Year awards in the sub-1.0 liter category. The", "title": "Toyota KR engine" }, { "id": "2821508", "text": "control, and to the Sports ABS systems. The Lancer Evolution VIII displayed at the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show took the MR designation traditionally reserved for Mitsubishi Motors high-performance models (first used for the Galant GTO). Other parts on the MR include BBS alloy wheels, the aforementioned Bilstein shocks, and an aluminium roof. In the United Kingdom, many special Evolutions were introduced, including the FQ300, FQ320, FQ340, and FQ400 variants. They came with 305, 325, 345, and 405 hp (227, 239, 254 and 302 kW), respectively. The FQ-400, sold through Ralliart UK, produced at 6400 rpm and maximum torque of at", "title": "Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution" }, { "id": "8562969", "text": "be reserved for a very special vehicle. Specifications - 16 cylinder, 90° V-angle, aluminum cylinder block with iron liners, aluminum cylinder heads 4.0-litre displacement (243.6 cid), naturally aspirated, electronic fuel injection Bore: 75.50 mm (2.972″). Stroke: 55.75 mm (2.195″) Compression Ratio: 11.5:1 Valvetrain: DOHC, 5 valves per cylinder, patented camshaft drive system Maximum horsepower: 550 bhp at 10,000 rpm (2.26 bhp/cid, 138 bhp/L) Peak Torque: 340 lb-ft at 8,500 rpm Maximum engine speed: 10,500 rpm Length: 926 mm (36.45″). Width: 540 mm (21.25″). Height to top of throttle body trumpets: 500 mm (19.70″) Dry weight: 152 kg (334 lb) Dry", "title": "Callaway Cars" }, { "id": "19311318", "text": "Turismo Sport\") is the entry-level variant that has all the capabilities of the concept itself in a street-legal form. The \"S\" in the name means \"Street\". The 7.0L V10 is set to and of torque. Along with the pneumatic system, which in this case produces another , the total amount is set at . Since the vehicle is meant to be street-legal, the weight is set at —heavy by performance car standards, but still enough to give the car a total power-to-weight ratio of 1,092 horsepower per ton. All of the power is sent to the rear wheels, and the", "title": "SRT Tomahawk" }, { "id": "5210130", "text": "was sold with the 7.3L Power Stroke V8. Initially producing 235 hp/500 lb-ft of torque, the engine was retuned in 2001. Versions equipped with an automatic transmission produced 250 hp while manual-transmission examples produced 275 hp; with either transmission, the engine produced 525 lb-ft of torque. As the 7.3L V8 was no longer able to comply with emissions regulations for diesel engines, it was discontinued midway through the 2003 model year. As a running change during the 2003 model year, the 6.0L PowerStroke V8 was introduced as the replacement for the previous 7.3L V8 in LHD markets supplied with the", "title": "Ford Super Duty" }, { "id": "8202832", "text": "at 6000 rpm. The engine was mated to a five-speed manual transmission. This was the first rear wheel drive car on the Chrysler LH line. The car was rumored to run 0-60 mph in 5.3 seconds. Following the Daimler Chrysler merger, management went in another direction with the future of the company, and the concept car was not placed into production. A new Dodge Charger (LX) would not reach production until the 2006 model year. Although built on the same Chrysler LX platform as the concept car, the new Charger bears little resemblance to the 1999 concept. The car was", "title": "Dodge Charger R/T (1999 concept)" }, { "id": "6950781", "text": "EPA-rated at 31MPG or 7.6L/100 km which is claimed by the manufacturer to be the best in its class. Except for the Police Pursuit version (which retains the 5 speed automatic), the only available transmission is the Chrysler eight-speed automatic, coupled with optional all-wheel drive. The all-wheel drive system will automatically remove drive to the front axle when not required, giving an improvement in fuel economy. The new electronic gearshift with optional paddle shift gives shift times of as little as 0.25 seconds in sport mode. The reworked interior includes new materials for the door, console and dash panels, a", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "8397536", "text": "displacement but Roots-blown, that is, naturally aspirated, 710 may be approximated by multiplying the turbocharged horsepower by 0.67. Horsepower for any naturally aspirated engine is usually derated 2.5 percent per above mean sea level, a tremendous penalty at the or greater elevations which several Western U.S. and Canada railroads operate, producing as much as a 25 percent power loss. Turbocharging effectively eliminates this derating. Certain models have engine controls that permit lower fuel consumption (possibly at the expense of higher emissions) or lower emissions (possibly at the expense of higher fuel consumption). Like most EMD engines, the 710 is also", "title": "EMD 710" }, { "id": "7742539", "text": "power is at 5,600 rpm. The 1TR-FPE is an LPG version of the 1TR-FE engine. Its power is at 4,800 rpm and torque is at 3,700 rpm. The compression ratio is 10.6:1. Bore and stroke is 86.0 mm x 86.0 mm. The 2TR-FE is a 2693 cc I4 gasoline engine. It features DOHC, 16 valves and VVT-i. Maximum power is at 5,200 rpm, and of torque at 3,800 rpm with redline of 5500 rpm. The bore and stroke are 95 mm × 95 mm. Average fuel consumption using the JC08 method is . The 2TR-FE received updates in 2015 to", "title": "Toyota TR engine" }, { "id": "6950777", "text": "front seatbacks, an embroidered anniversary logo on floor mats, all-new instrument panel cluster graphics (unique black-face gauges with white indication, stand-out red \"100\" mph indication), Electronic Vehicle Information Center and Uconnect 8.4-inch touchscreen with unique startup image, Uconnect 8.4-inch touchscreen with Beats by Dr. Dre audio technology (10-speakers and a 12-channel 552 watt amplifier that integrates Beats proprietary equalizer algorithm), eight-speed automatic transmission with sport mode (SXT Plus), sport mode calibration, performance-tuned suspension, two unique key fobs with 100th Anniversary Edition jeweled logo on the back side, a customized owner's kit, a special commemorative book celebrating the 100 years of", "title": "Dodge Charger (LX/LD)" }, { "id": "17759609", "text": "the alternate acronym, ERS) produced by Toyota Racing Development at the company's road research and development Higashi-Fuji Technical Center to charge a Nisshinbo supercapacitor. Additional power was directed to the axles (the rear by Denso and the front by Aisin AW), giving it an automatic horsepower increase of for a total of . Its motor generator unit acted as a generator while braking, harvesting energy from the drive shaft to slow the car and convert into electricity which is stored in the supercapacitor. The 2014 regulations divided the motor-generator unit hierarchy into increments, from to . Toyota chose the category,", "title": "Toyota TS040 Hybrid" }, { "id": "3717306", "text": "was similar too, at 235 hp (175 kW) and 230 lb·ft (312 N·m) of torque. Bore and stroke were identical to the Duratec 25 at 82.4 mm and 79.5 mm, respectively. The engines shared other traits as well, and insiders report that the designs are related, though not closely. Notably, the two engines share the same bell housing pattern and 60° V angle. The 60° angle makes it compact and more suitable for transverse mounting, but it is not ideally balanced—V8s are typically 90°—necessitating the use of a counter-rotating balance shaft. Manufacturing was also a shared process. Ford manufactured the", "title": "Ford SHO V8 engine" }, { "id": "3616045", "text": "together (unlike the sequential twin turbo systems of the Supra and Mazda RX-7, for example), it officially produced and of torque at 4800 rpm. This was in keeping with the Japanese Manufacturers' advertised power limit agreement, however real-world power outputs were somewhat higher. In August 1996 the engine received Toyota's variable valve timing system (VVTi) and in conjunction with a single, more efficient turbocharger, produced much better high and mid-range torque (in fact, at just 2400 rpm - see The Toyota JZ Engine Guide below) while still producing the \"official\" of power \"and\" better fuel economy. While the Lexus SC300", "title": "Toyota Soarer" }, { "id": "3690898", "text": "Magnum was a badge engineered station wagon version of the Chrysler 300 manufactured at the same plant in Brampton, Ontario, Canada. The Magnum had four engine options; the \"SE\" features the 190 hp 2.72 L LH V6, the \"SXT\" had the 3.5 L V6, and the \"RT\" had the new 340 hp 5.7 L Hemi V8. The SRT-8 has a 425 hp 6.1 L Hemi engine. All-wheel drive became an option in 2005 on SXT and RT models. The SRT8, AWD SXT, and the RT use a Mercedes-Benz-derived 5-speed automatic transmission, while all other models use a four-speed automatic. The", "title": "Dodge Magnum" }, { "id": "1700580", "text": "power by a factor of ten or more. The so-called RAC horsepower rating was devised in 1910 by the RAC at the invitation of the British government. The formula is: The formula was calculated from total piston surface area (i.e., \"bore\" only). The factor of 2.5 accounts for characteristics that were widely seen in engines at the time, such as a mean effective pressure in the cylinder of 90psi (6.2 bar) and a maximum piston speed of 1000 feet per minute (5 metres per second). The system introduced a somewhat progressive way of taxing higher-value cars more than low-cost ones", "title": "Tax horsepower" }, { "id": "3997567", "text": "\"4N1\" engine. This engine has an aluminum cylinder block, four valves per cylinder and a common rail injection system with variable geometry turbocharger and variable valve timing. It develops and . In Ireland, the specifications are different from those of models sold in the United Kingdom. The Lancer is available in five-door hatchback (Sportback) or four-door sedan body styles. Engines are the 1.5- and 1.8-liter petrols and the 2.0-liter diesel—all available in the United Kingdom until 2012. Trim levels are GS2, GS3, and GS4 for the saloon, and GS2, GS3, and Juro (satellite navigation and rear-view camera) for the Sportback.", "title": "Mitsubishi Lancer" }, { "id": "7742510", "text": "and Toyota Hilux. Appearing in 2001, the 2KD-FTV is the 2nd generation of the KD series of engine with a smaller 2.5 L (2494 cc) displacement. The displacement of this engine is based on the previous 2L engine. Bore remains the same 92 mm but stroke is increased to 93.8 mm. It has 16 valves and is a DOHC engine with a turbocharger and intercooler. It produces 102 horsepower (75 kW) at 3400 rpm and of torque at 1600-2400 rpm with 4 speed Automatic ECT transmission without intercooler and 191.7 lb·ft (200 N·m) of torque at 1600-3600 rpm with manual", "title": "Toyota KD engine" }, { "id": "9654743", "text": "Toyota H engine The H is a 3.6 L (3,576 cc) inline 6, 12-valve OHV diesel engine. Bore is 88 mm and stroke is 98 mm, with a compression ratio of 21:1. Output is at 3,600 rpm with of torque at 2,200 rpm. Applications The 2H is a 4.0 L (3,980 cc) inline 6, 12 valve OHV indirect injection diesel engine. Bore is 91 mm and stroke is 102 mm, with a compression ratio of 20.7:1. Output is at 3,500 rpm - later production years 107 hp (80 kW) with 177 lb·ft (240 N·m) of torque at 2,000 rpm. Applications", "title": "Toyota H engine" }, { "id": "13678755", "text": "phone makers – Nokia, Samsung, LG Electronics, Motorola and Sony Ericsson - announced their own five star energy rating system to help consumers more easily identify the most energy-efficient chargers. Chargers are being labeled with no stars for no-load consumptions exceeding 0.5 W, up to five stars for consumption of not more than 0.03 W. No load power No load power consumption is the electric power consumed by a power charger when it is plugged into a wall socket but without the mobile phone or other handheld device being connected. Furthermore, it must be switched on at the plugs. This", "title": "No load power" }, { "id": "4241647", "text": "a cross-flow pattern with a \"tumble\" intake port for both strong breathing and low emissions. Spark plugs are centered in the combustion chambers. The intake valves are in diameter while exhaust valves are . The SOHC 24 valve version of the 6g72 uses these same cylinder heads. A toothed timing belt is used. The output of 6G73 is 161 hp (122 kW; 163 PS) at 5,900 rpm with 221 Nm (163 lb-ft) of torque at 4,350 rpm. The 6G74 is a 24-valve unit available with either SOHC, DOHC, or MIVEC DOHC. Output for the SOHC version varies from at 4,750", "title": "Mitsubishi 6G7 engine" }, { "id": "9654744", "text": "The 12H-T is a 4.0 L (3,980 cc) inline 6, 12 valve OHV turbocharged direct injection diesel engine. Bore is 91 mm and stroke is 102 mm, with a compression ratio of 18.6:1. Output is 134 hp (100 kW) at 3500 rpm with 232 lb·ft (315 N·m) of torque at 1,800 rpm, on the stock configuration of 7PSI of boost. Toyota H engine The H is a 3.6 L (3,576 cc) inline 6, 12-valve OHV diesel engine. Bore is 88 mm and stroke is 98 mm, with a compression ratio of 21:1. Output is at 3,600 rpm with of torque", "title": "Toyota H engine" }, { "id": "4958395", "text": "between 3000 and 5500 rpm. The compression ratio is 10.0:1. Applications: The E26 is a 2.6 L (2,597 cc) version. Bore is 89.9 mm and stroke is 68.2 mm. Output is 170 hp ECE (125 kW) at 5500 rpm with 240 Nm (177 ft.lbf) of torque at 4500 rpm. The compression ratio is raised to 11.0:1. Applications: The E28 is a 2.8 L (2,799 cc) version. Bore is 89.9 mm and stroke is 73.5 mm. It produces 204 hp at 5700 rpm and 270 Nm of torque between 3000 and 5000 rpm. The compression ratio is 10.0:1. Applications: The E32", "title": "Mercedes-Benz M112 engine" }, { "id": "1805954", "text": "preset before each run according to various conditions, in particular track surface. Wheelbases are between . The car must maintain a ground clearance. Horsepower claims vary widely—from 6,978 to 8,897—but are probably around 8,000 HP. Supercharged, nitromethane-fueled motors of this type also have a very high torque, which is estimated at about . They routinely achieve a 6G acceleration from a standing start. Many safety rules are in place to protect the driver and fans. The more visible safety devices are the twin parachutes to help stabilize and decelerate the car after crossing the finish line. Less visible precautions include", "title": "Funny Car" }, { "id": "17654823", "text": "valve springs with unique Tickford EEC programming. A press bent 2.5-inch exhaust was also added, a minor upgrade over the standard 2.25-inch system. The six-cylinder Ghia version also received the motor out of the XR6, with a quieter exhaust system. The XR6 delivers 164 kW (220 hp) at 5000 rpm up from 161 kW (216 hp) in the ED Falcon. The XR8 has a 5.0-litre OHV (over head valve) V8 delivering 170 kW (230 hp) at 4500 rpm up from the 165 kW (221 hp). LPG was not offered as a factory option on the XR6 and XR8 models New", "title": "Tickford Vehicle Engineering" }, { "id": "3770408", "text": "rpm, compression ratio of 10.2 to 1, bore of 93 mm and stroke of 82.7 mm, dimensions: 890 mm(L) x 740 mm(W) x 725 mm(H). The 4.5 L VH45DE featured variable valve timing, also known as VTC, from 1990 until 1995. This was during the time that the \"Gentleman's Agreement\" between Japan's automotive manufacturers was in effect, requiring all cars sold in their home market to (on paper, at least) produce no more than 280 hp. Nissan got around this by publishing the hp rating without VTC, meaning its actual power rating is closer to 310 hp and 330 lb·ft.", "title": "Nissan VH engine" }, { "id": "1853148", "text": "a naturally aspirated, fuel injected 13B-VDEI producing 146 hp (108 kW) in North American spec. An optional turbocharged model, (1985–1988) known as the Turbo II in the American market, had 182 hp / 185 PS (136 kW). The Series 5 (1989–1992) featured updated styling and better engine management, as well as lighter rotors and a higher compression ratio 9.7:1 for the naturally aspirated model, and 9.0:1 for the turbo model. The naturally aspirated Series 5 FC made 160 hp (119 kW), while the Series 5 Turbo made at 6,500 rpm and at 3,500 rpm of torque. The rotary engine had", "title": "Mazda RX-7" }, { "id": "7293375", "text": "to in 4.9 seconds, whereas the Quad Cab, weighing , achieved 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 5.3 seconds and reached a top speed of . The regular cab could complete the in 13.6 seconds at , the Quad Cab in 13.7 seconds at . The engine produced one horsepower for every 10.3 lbs of vehicle weight in the regular cab. The regular cab generated .86 g of grip on a skidpad, while the Quad Cab generated .83 g. The regular cab was rated by the EPA at 9 MPG city/15 highway, while the Quad Cab was rated at 9 city/12", "title": "Dodge Ram SRT-10" }, { "id": "10753975", "text": "Throttle and ignition levers are mounted on the top of the steering wheel, a foot accelerator is also being fitted. The petrol tank is mounted on the dash. The high-speed type \"T\"-head vertical straight four-cylinder engine has a bore and stroke of giving a capacity of 1615 cc and an RAC and fiscal rating of 14.32 horsepower. The cylinders are cast separately in spite of the general trend to monobloc engines. As before the engine is arranged to have interchangeable exhaust and inlet valves on opposing sides of the engine. Engine output was quoted as 12.5 brake horsepower at 1,000", "title": "Austin 10 hp" }, { "id": "2222124", "text": "The six-cylinder version ran $90 less. Powertrain options included the 175-horsepower 350-cubic-inch V8 and 240-horsepower 402-cubic-inch (still known as a 396), as well as a 454 that produced under the net rating system. Chevelles sold in California were not available with the 307 V8, but had a 350-cubic-inch engine. Through the 1970s, California cars often had different powertrains than those marketed in states with less-stringent emissions regulations. The 1972 Chevelle SS had a top engine rated at 270 net hp (201 kW) conforming with GM's decree that all engines were to be rated at their net engine ratings. All other", "title": "Chevrolet Chevelle" }, { "id": "6127078", "text": "\"Fifth Gear\" on October 30, 2006. \"Motorcycle USA\" road tested the bike in its October 10, 2006 issue and posted the following stock results: 2008 saw a minor update. The launch of the 2012 ZX-14R saw a second-generation revision along with getting the R designation. A displacement increase which produced more horsepower, along with three variable power modes and KTRC. Kawasaki traction control and ignition-management system that was lifted from the ZX-10R. Also with cosmetic updates and incremental chassis upgrades and suspension revised internals. There was also a slipper clutch added for the first time. The motor gets cylinder heads", "title": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14" } ]

[ "June 2017" ]

[ { "id": "18163164", "text": "Art and background theme. A collaboration with \"Summer Lesson\", Bandai Namco's foray into PlayStation VR debuted on April 4, 2018. All female characters received costumes modeled after either of the game's three protagonists: Hikari Miyamoto, Allison Snow, and Chisato Shinjo. Characters then exclusive for the console version: Eddy Gordo, Eliza, Kuma, Lee Chaolan, Miguel Caballero Rojo, and Panda, were announced on July 12, 2017 to be added for arcades on July 27, 2017. Three out of ten stages added in the console version: G Corp. Helipad, Infinite Azure, and Violet Systems were added for arcades as part of the Ver.Q", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163177", "text": "the end of the year, \"Tekken 7\" sold over 2.5 million copies. By March 31, 2018 the sales for the game had reached 2.8 million. Harada later revealed that the game sold over 3 million copies before its one year anniversary. Tekken 7 Set shortly after the events of \"Tekken 6\", the plot focuses on the events leading up to the final battle between martial artist Heihachi Mishima and his son, Kazuya. \"Tekken 7\" introduces elements for the fighting system such as the Rage and the Power Crush to increase the characters' powers. \"Tekken 7\" was a critical and commercial", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163154", "text": "include certain characters with differing nationalities, such as Xiaoyu, Alisa, Lars, Lee, and Lei who continue to speak Japanese and English respectively due to their character backgrounds, along with newcomer Josie, who also speaks in English instead of Filipino. In January 2014, \"Tekken\" series director and producer Katsuhiro Harada expressed interest in continuing the series on PlayStation 4, and later said that PlayStation was the primary platform of development for the new installment. \"Tekken 7\" was announced by Harada on July 13, 2014 during EVO 2014. The announcement was not initially planned, but was done as a last minute response", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163168", "text": "for female characters, fundoshi for male characters, and Vintage 1920's bathing suits was made available on August 31, 2017. The second major batch of DLC, adding Geese Howard as a playable character and the stage Howard Estate, was released on November 30, 2017. The third major batch of DLC, adding Noctis Lucis Caelum as a playable character and the stage Hammerhead, was released on March 20, 2018. These three batches can also be bought together with a season pass. A free DLC, Season 2, was released on September 6, 2018. It focused on balance changes, several modifications to the characters'", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163166", "text": "27, 2015. Bandai Namco also announced that the PlayStation 4 version would feature exclusive content, as well as PlayStation VR support. In addition to previous graphical upgrades in the arcade version, the console versions also received one. Exclusive content on the PlayStation 4 version were released in the form of classic costumes for Jin, Xiaoyu and King, as well as a \"Tekken\" jukebox with classic musical tracks. At E3 2016, \"Tekken 7\" was announced to be released for the Xbox One and Windows platforms in 2017, in addition to the PlayStation 4 version. An official trailer, revealed during same event,", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163176", "text": "PlayStation 4 sales. It fell to number 2 in the second week, behind \"Mario Kart 8 Deluxe\". It was number 1 in both Australia and New Zealand. \"Tekken 7\" was also the best selling physical software in North America in the month of June 2017, as well as the 8th best selling download on the US PlayStation Store. It was the 5th most downloaded game on the EU PlayStation Store. Within the first two months of release, \"Tekken 7\" had sold over two million copies worldwide. Harada was satisfied with these sales as they surpassed the team's own expectations. By", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163169", "text": "moves, the addition of Wall Bound mechanic for every character, as well as Simple Combo and Assist, which were previously exclusive to the Story Mode. On the same date, the fourth and fifth major batches of DLC, adding characters Anna Williams and Lei Wulong, respectively, were also made available for purchase. The sixth and seventh batches of DLC, containing characters Craig Marduk and Armor King, respectively, were released on December 3, 2018. The four, as well as Julia Chang and Negan, were packaged into the second season pass for a cheaper price. \"Tekken 7\" received \"generally favorable\" reviews, according to", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163175", "text": "2017, and for \"Best Fighting Game\" in IGN's Best of 2017 Awards. It was also a runner-up each for \"Best Multiplayer\" and \"Game of the Year\" in Giant Bomb's 2017 Game of the Year Awards. In the UK, \"Tekken 7\" was the best selling software in the week of release; this is a first for the series in 19 years, since the debut of \"Tekken 3\" on the original PlayStation. It remained at number 1 in the second week. The game also topped the Japanese charts in its first week, selling 58,736 copies. The release of the game also boosted", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163152", "text": "death in the first place, Kazuya finally kills Heihachi in battle and throws his body into the volcano. Akuma appears and attacks Kazuya; the result of their battle is unknown. In the aftermath, Jin awakes and meet up with Lee, Lars, and Alisa, promising to put an end to the war once and for all by killing Kazuya. The reporter, reflecting on all he has learned, completes and publishes his exposé. The game has 48 playable fighters (including palette swaps), 20 of whom make up the default cast on launch; other characters are to be added over time. Eight make", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163153", "text": "their debut in this version, along with a new form of Jack, and four guest characters from Capcom's \"Street Fighter\", SNK's fighting game franchises, Square Enix's \"Final Fantasy\", and Image Comics' \"The Walking Dead\". <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> Continuing the trend from \"Tekken Tag Tournament 2\", in addition to Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean, several characters speak with their native languages, including the new characters; thus Eddy, Leo, Lili, and Miguel speak Portuguese, German, French, and Spanish respectively, while newcomers Claudio, Katarina, and Shaheen speak with their native Italian, Portuguese, and Arabic, respectively. This still does not", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163156", "text": "in the Nexon Arena in Seoul, South Korea known as \"Tekken 7 Crash\". During the Japan Amusement Expo (JAEPO) 2015, a newer build of the game was showcased, offering Lucky Chloe and Shaheen as part of the character roster for the first time as well as the traditional stage-based gameplay progression. Negative reactions to the character Lucky Chloe from several message boards has led to Harada tweeting that he may consider removing her from the North American version of the game, making her exclusive to the East Asian and European versions, and instead replace her with a new well-muscled skinhead", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17309209", "text": "Festival, Carmel International Film Festival, Virginia Film Festival Boulder International Film Festival, and Bermuda International Film Festival. It won the Audience Award for Best American Film at the Traverse City Film Festival, and was nominated for Best Narrative Feature at the Bermuda International Film Festival. IFC Films acquired the United States distribution rights to the film in June 2014. It was released theatrically on April 3, 2015 in New York and Los Angeles, grossing $18,006 from two locations on its opening weekend. It later expanded to 27 theaters and earned a total of $162,685 from six weeks in American theaters.", "title": "5 to 7" }, { "id": "17261212", "text": "and Walker, and an initial release date was set. Principal photography began in Atlanta, Georgia, in September 2013, resumed in April 2014 and ended in July 2014, with other filming locations including Los Angeles, Colorado, Abu Dhabi, and Tokyo. \"Furious 7\" premiered in Los Angeles on April 1, 2015, and was theatrically released in the United States on April 3, 2015, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX internationally. Upon release, the film became a critical and commercial success, with praise being aimed at the film's action sequences and its tribute to Walker. The film grossed $397.6 million worldwide during", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "1739513", "text": "version of the \"Tekken\" Ball mode from \"Tekken 3\". In early 2014, Harada expressed interest in continuing the series on PlayStation 4. \"Tekken 7\" was released in Japanese and Korean arcades in 2015. It is the first game in the series to be powered by the Unreal Engine. The game received an update, subtitled \"Fated Retribution\" and released to arcades on July 5, 2016, and featured the series' second, third, and fourth guest characters, the second guest character to appear are Akuma from the \"Street Fighter\" franchise by Capcom, Geese Howard from SNK's fighting game franchises, and Noctis Lucis Caelum", "title": "Tekken" }, { "id": "429949", "text": "release, largely due to its cast (several of whom were to go on to become superstars over the decade following its release) and its music score. As of September 19, 2018, it has a score of 88% on Rotten Tomatoes based on ratings of 41 critics. It is the second most shown film in U.S. television history, behind only \"The Wizard of Oz\". The film is also ranked 79 on the AFI's list of American cinema's 100 most-thrilling films. The film was a box office disappointment in the United States, but proved to be such a smash hit in Europe", "title": "The Magnificent Seven" }, { "id": "5151114", "text": "video game have been positive. A sequel, \"Tekken 7\" was released to Japanese arcades on March 18, 2015, and was ported to PlayStation 4 and Xbox One and released internationally on June 2, 2017. \"Tekken 6\" features bigger stages with more interactivity than its predecessors, such as walls or floors that can be broken to reveal new fighting areas. The character customization feature has been enhanced, and certain items have implications in some aspects of gameplay. A new \"rage\" system has been added, giving characters more damage per hit when their vitality is below a certain point. Once activated, a", "title": "Tekken 6" }, { "id": "5151137", "text": "180,000 units. In May 2011, Namco Bandai reported it became its best-selling game from 2010 with 1.5 million units sold. The game got to #3 in th UK sales charts. As of May 2011, Tekken 6 has sold more than 3.5 million copies worldwide. In 2009, \"Tekken 6\" was nominated for a Spike Fighting Game of the Year award but lost to \"Street Fighter IV\". A sequel, titled \"Tekken 7\", was announced on July 13, 2014. More information on the sequel was made available to the public during Bandai Namco's panel at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International event. The", "title": "Tekken 6" }, { "id": "17261245", "text": "from $115 million to $150 million. It opened on Friday, April 3, 2015, across 4,004 theaters, including 365 IMAX theaters, which made it the widest opening for a \"Fast and Furious\" film and Universal's widest opening release ever (until first surpassed by \"Jurassic World\" and \"Minions\"). and earned $67.3 million, marking the tenth-biggest opening day. The film's Friday gross included a $15.8 million late-night run (which began at 7 p.m.), from 3,069 theaters, marking Universal's highest late-night run, of which $2.2 million came from IMAX showings, marking the third largest IMAX preview gross ever. Based on pure Friday gross (with", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "18163150", "text": "of Jack-6's at the Mishima Dojo, and proceeds to G Corporation's Millennium Tower. Heihachi survives, but declares himself dead to the public to continue his plans in secret. He then captures and spreads images of a transformed Kazuya worldwide before using a satellite to obliterate Millennium Tower. Kazuya survives the attack and destroys the satellite, with the wreckage destroying a town and once again slandering the Zaibatsu. The reporter uses this opportunity to inform the Zaibatsu about his exposé, but to his surprise, Heihachi offers to meet him in person. Heihachi recounts his love of Kazumi and the night he", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163157", "text": "for the North American market. It was later revealed that Harada did not intend for the tweets to be taken seriously. Although reaction to the revelation of new character Shaheen was largely positive, the reveal eventually led to Harada making a statement on his Twitter in response to those criticizing the inclusion of an Arab character in the game. While the announcement and reveal of the Filipina Josie Rizal character was also met with mostly positive feedback, her revelation was also met with a mix of excitement and derision among Filipino netizens. Among the criticisms around the net were the", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17261249", "text": "theatrical runs, although this highly depends on many factors, including the release time and the competition around. It ended its theatrical run on July 24, 2015, playing in theaters for a total of 112 days and became the thirty-first highest-grossing film of all time, the fifth highest-grossing film of 2015, the highest-grossing film in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise, the second highest-grossing Universal film of 2015 (behind \"Jurassic World\" and \"Minions\"), and the fifth highest-grossing film distributed by Universal. Outside the US and Canada, the film became the third highest-grossing film, the highest-grossing Universal distributed film, and the highest-grossing", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "18163162", "text": "were introduced in the game, including Rage Drive and an adjusted Rage Art. It features an expanded content, including new customization and stages. Returning characters who have not received newer default costumes are accorded one. Additionally, new characters are featured, including the series' second guest character: Akuma from the \"Street Fighter\" series, who has a dedicated EX meter designed to limit some of his special moves. The console and PC versions were based on this update. After \"The Idolmaster\" series, a collaboration with another Bandai Namco property, this time the \"Taiko no Tatsujin\" rhythm game series on August 31, 2016", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17261244", "text": "million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film. Worldwide, \"Furious 7\" was released across 810 IMAX theaters, which was the largest worldwide rollout in IMAX's history, Its worldwide opening of $397.6 million was the fifth-highest opening of all time. The film had an IMAX opening weekend total of $20.8 million. \"Furious 7\" also became the first of three films distributed by Universal Pictures with Jurassic World and Minions to earn more than $1 billion in its original run. Predictions for the opening weekend of \"Furious 7\" in the United States and Canada were continuously revised upwards, starting", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "18163148", "text": "and the death of his wife Kazumi both occurred in the same year he threw his son Kazuya off a ravine. Meanwhile, the United Nations intelligence group has located Jin, but he evades capture long enough to be rescued by his half-uncle Lars Alexandersson. Lars takes Jin to recuperate at Violet Systems, where Jin's adoptive uncle Lee Chaolan has repaired Alisa Bosconovitch following her seemingly permanent shutdown in the previous game. The Zaibatsu attacks the compound, but the trio are able to secure Jin. The reporter, having rendezvoused with Lee and Lars, tries to kill Jin in his sleep, but", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163161", "text": "in all regions, effectively ending support for the game. An update patch was issued which allowed the game to run offline. An arcade update title in the same vein as \"Tekken Tag Tournament 2 Unlimited\" and \"Tekken 6 Bloodline Rebellion\", titled Tekken 7: Fated Retribution was announced in a trailer released during the grand final of \"The King of Iron Fist Tournament 2015\" tournament, which was held on December 12, 2015, and was released in Japan on July 5, 2016. The location test was held on February 12–14, 2016 in three arcades of Tokyo, Osaka, and Fukuoka. Several gameplay mechanics", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17261209", "text": "Furious 7 Furious 7 (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 7 and Fast Seven) is a 2015 American action film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan. It is the seventh installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris \"Ludacris\" Bridges, Jordana Brewster, Djimon Hounsou, Kurt Russell, and Jason Statham. \"Furious 7\" follows Dominic Toretto (Diesel), Brian O'Conner (Walker), and the rest of their team, who have returned to the United States to live normal lives after securing amnesty for their past crimes in", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "10406541", "text": "America; later on October 8, 2008, it was announced that \"Tekken 6\" would also be releasing on the Xbox 360. After the multiplatform releases of these games, the fifth installment of the \"Metal Gear\" series, \"\", has also been announced for the Xbox 360; \"L.A. Noire\", which was announced as an exclusive since the beginning of its development, has also been released for the Xbox 360; \"Dark Souls,\" the spiritual successor to \"Demon's Souls\", has also been released on Xbox 360; the \"Persona\" series, which has a long history of being PlayStation exclusive, found the seventh generation installment, \"Persona 4", "title": "Seventh generation of video game consoles" }, { "id": "18163167", "text": "showcased some of new features that was included in \"Fated Retribution\", such as graphical updates and stages, as well as a story mode, which adds cutscenes and dialogue during battles. The game is supported by downloadable content. Players who pre-ordered the game received a code that downloads the character Eliza. She is otherwise available as paid DLC starting on July 28, 2017. \"Taiko no Tatsujin\" collaboration items were also made available as free DLC on the same date. The first major batch of DLC, containing the Tekken Bowl minigame, \"The Idolmaster\" collaboration outfits, \"\" uniforms for Xiaoyu and Alisa, swimsuits", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17261238", "text": "on November 30, 2013. The production resumed in April 2014. In October 2014, Universal revealed that the film was officially titled \"Furious 7\", and that the debut trailer would be released during an interactive fan event over social media. In the days leading up to the event, seven-second, behind-the-scenes videos were released, titled \"7 Seconds of 7\". On February 1, 2015, a new trailer featuring all-new footage debuted during Super Bowl XLIX. The film was originally scheduled for release on April 10, 2015, but it was announced that the film's release date had been brought forward a week to April", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "18163170", "text": "review aggregator Metacritic. Chris Carter said on \"Destructoid\", \"Impressive effort with a few noticeable problems holding it back. Won't astound everyone, but is worth your time and cash,\" and awarded it a score of 8/10. \"Electronic Gaming Monthly\"s Evan Slead scored the game a 7.5/10 with the consensus \"\"Tekken 7\", the latest entry in the long-running franchise, delivers what fighting genre fans love about multiplayer battles, but there isn’t enough new material to make it truly stand out from the increasingly competitive options in the fighting genre.\" The game was rated 36 out of 40 for both the PlayStation 4", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17261239", "text": "3, 2015 (the same release date from the 2009 film \"Fast & Furious\"). The official announcement in change of date was made in July 2014. \"Furious 7\" premiered at the SXSW Film Festival at 12:07 a.m. at Austin's Paramount Theatre on March 16, 2015. On March 27, 2015, a free standalone expansion for the video game \"Forza Horizon 2\", titled \"Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious\", was released to help promote the film. For its global premiere at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on April 1, 2015, IMAX Corporation installed a new laser projection which was the", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "18163165", "text": "update on November 14, 2017. The rest were added as part of the Ver.T update on April 3, 2018. An update titled \"Tekken 7: Fated Retribution Round 2\" was announced at the \"Tekken MASTERCUP.10\" event on October 20, 2018 to be released for arcades in February 2019. The update will bring all content from the console version yet to be added to the arcades at that time, including four characters (Anna Williams, Geese Howard, Lei Wulong, and Noctis Lucis Caelum) and two stages (Hammerhead and Howard Estate). The PlayStation 4 version was confirmed at Paris Games Week 2015 on October", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18391998", "text": "superhero movie, behind \"Furious 7\", and is Universal's highest-grossing live-action release since \"Jurassic World\" back in June 2015. Like many of its predecessors, \"The Fate of the Furious\" was released in the United States and Canada in the month of April, and like its immediate predecessor, occupied the lucrative Easter week holiday period slot, where it was expected to open with $100–125 million. It received the widest pre-summer release ever, at an estimated 4,304 venues, besting the 4,242 opening theater count of \"\" the previous March. The film made $10.4 million from Thursday night previews from 3,310 theaters, the second-highest", "title": "The Fate of the Furious" }, { "id": "1739514", "text": "from the \"Final Fantasy\" franchise by Square Enix. The PlayStation 4 version was confirmed at Paris Games Week 2015, and features exclusive content as well as virtual reality support. The Xbox One and Microsoft Windows versions were released on June 2, 2017 alongside the PlayStation 4 version, and are based on the \"Fated Retribution\". In the canonical ending, considered the conclusion of the Mishima saga, Heihachi takes control of the Zaibatsu, and attempts to expose Kazuya of the Devil Gene. In the end, in their final battle, Kazuya kills Heihachi and throws him into an erupting volcano, whereas Jin, who", "title": "Tekken" }, { "id": "19720705", "text": "IPhone 7 iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the tenth generation of the iPhone. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "id": "12011776", "text": "to promote the film. Due to its poor reception, the film never saw a wide theatrical release in the United States, and was released direct-to-video instead. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Japan on August 11, 2010. In the United Kingdom, Optimum Released and distributed the film on May 2, 2011. Anchor Bay Entertainment released the film in the United States on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on July 19, 2011. \"Tekken\" received generally negative reviews. It holds a 0% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 5 critic reviews, with an average rating of 2.4/10. Katsuhiro", "title": "Tekken (2009 film)" }, { "id": "18163141", "text": "Tekken 7 Set shortly after the events of \"Tekken 6\", the plot focuses on the events leading up to the final battle between martial artist Heihachi Mishima and his son, Kazuya. \"Tekken 7\" introduces elements for the fighting system such as the Rage and the Power Crush to increase the characters' powers. \"Tekken 7\" was a critical and commercial success, selling three million copies before the games first anniversary. \"Tekken 7\" focuses on 1v1 battles. Two mechanisms are introduced in the game. The first, Rage Art, allows the player to execute critical attacks that deal roughly 30% damage depending on", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17261253", "text": "weekend, it topped the box office outside of North America for three consecutive weekends, until surpassed by \"\" in its fourth weekend. The film was a massive box office hit in China. It opened there on April 12 and set an all-time midnight run record with $8.05 million and an opening day record with $68.8 million. Its opening day included a record breaking $5 million from IMAX run (also breaking \"Transformers 4\"s former record of $3.4 million). Through its opening week (April 12–19), it earned $245.9 million. For the weekend alone, it took in $88.7 million from 5,454 screens (Friday", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "12011775", "text": "who is holding him at gunpoint. His final words are: \"I am Heihachi Mishima. I...am...Tekken. You will obey.\" The Jackhammer lowers down his gun and obeys his command. The film was screened at the Mann's Criterion Theatre in Santa Monica on November 5, 2009, as part of the AFM Film Festival to find a solid distributor. It was released in Japan on March 20, 2010 through Warner Bros. Pictures (Japan). The film also premiered on July 27, 2010 in Singapore and August 4, 2010 in the Philippines (via Pioneer Films). One week before the Philippine premiere, Jon Foo visited Manila", "title": "Tekken (2009 film)" }, { "id": "18163173", "text": "in the few concessions \"Tekken 7\" did make to become more traditional, it did so with its own flair. Its smooth release on PC only goes to bolster the fact that the \"Tekken\" series will be around for quite some time, doing its own thing and doing it well. Matt Elliott of GamesRadar awarded it 4 out of 5 stars stating that \"Despite some narrative missteps, \"Tekken 7\" is still a compelling, exhilarating experience. Find the right sparring partner and it will entertain you indefinitely.\" Polygon stated that the \"unforgettable characters and fluid fights are worth the work.\" Darry Huskey's", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "1739536", "text": "illustrated by Andie Tong, and published in mid-2017. The series takes place between \"Tekken 6\" and \"7\", and deals with Jin struggling against the Devil within him. Characters and settings from the series also appear in the collectible card game \"Universal Fighting System\" by Fantasy Flight Games and in \"Epic Battles\" by Score Entertainment. Critical reception to the games has been positive with, the series peaking in 1997 with \"Tekken 3\" receiving an average of 96% at Metacritic and GameRankings, and to this day considered one of the greatest fighting games of all time. Developers of non-\"Tekken\" games have commented", "title": "Tekken" }, { "id": "1739533", "text": "was released at the AFI Film Festival on November 5, 2009 and in Japan on March 20, 2010 through Warner Bros.. The film focuses on Jin Kazama who enters into the King of Iron Fist Tournament after his mother's death. Katsuhiro Harada, director of the \"Tekken\" video game series, has panned the film. A prequel to the 2009 film titled \"\" was released direct-to-DVD on August 12, 2014. It is directed by Wych Kaosayananda and stars Kane Kosugi and Kelly Wenham, with Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa and Gary Daniels returning from the first film. Variety reports that Paul Stevens will produce a", "title": "Tekken" }, { "id": "18163155", "text": "to a leak of the game's announcement trailer that morning. The game was developed using the Unreal Engine 4, which allows for it to be developed for multiple platforms. While \"Tekken\" games historically have been PlayStation-based in arcades, Harada stated that \"Tekken 7\" runs on an arcade board based on PC architecture. Location tests of the game were held in Tokyo and Osaka from October 3 to 5, 2014. Trailers released in late 2014 showed the game running in 1080p and 60 frames per second. On January 27, 2015, a live-televised tournament based off the same game build was held", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163147", "text": "Jin's absence, attempting to locate him, but Heihachi Mishima takes advantage of the vacuum of power and forces Nina to work for him, regaining control of the Zaibatsu. Heihachi makes a deal with Claudio Serafino, head of the powerful Sirius Marksmen organization, to help him expose his son, G Corporation head Kazuya Mishima, believing public opinion will shift in the Zaibatsu's favor if Kazuya's Devil Gene is revealed. Claudio senses a powerful force in the Far East that is unconnected to either Jin or Kazuya. The reporter researches the Mishima family history, learning that Heihachi's coup against his father Jinpachi", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18163160", "text": "by the company, involving \"Idolmaster\" costumes for the female characters of \"Tekken 7\". The male characters, meanwhile, are given the option to fight barechested. A Bandai Namco-sponsored tournament, \"The King of Iron Fist Tournament 2015, took place in November–December 2015 as well, with a prize of ¥10,000,000 (~$81,000) awarded to the finalists. Two top placers from EVO 2015 were also reserved seats, as were select players from South Korea, North America, and other places. On March 29, 2018, Bandai Namco announced that the online Tekken-Net service for the original arcade version of \"Tekken 7\" would cease on May 31, 2018", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17261213", "text": "its opening weekend, which is the sixth highest-grossing opening of all time. The film has grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film of the franchise after just twelve days, the third highest-grossing film of 2015 and the seventh highest-grossing film of all time. A sequel, \"The Fate of the Furious\", was released on April 14, 2017. After defeating Owen Shaw and his crew and securing amnesty for their past crimes (depicted in \"Fast & Furious 6\"), Dominic \"Dom\" Toretto, Brian O'Conner and the rest of their team have returned to the United States to live normal lives", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "17261257", "text": "million after \"The Avengers\". In total earnings, the largest countries outside the U.S. and Canada are China ($391.2 million), the UK, Ireland and Malta ($60 million), Mexico ($50.9 million), Brazil, ($46.5 million) and Germany ($40.3 million). It grossed a total of $39 million in IMAX ticket sales in China, the biggest ever in the market. \"Furious 7\" received positive reviews, with critics praising the film's action set pieces, performances, and its poignant tribute to Walker. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an 80% rating based on 241 reviews, and an average rating of 6.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Serving", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "18531930", "text": "August 8, 2016, the film's release was pushed to September 29, 2017, and its title changed from \"Mena\" to \"American Made\". It was released in Europe on August 23, 2017, and in the United States on September 29, 2017, and also screened at the Deauville Film Festival on September 1, 2017. \"American Made\" grossed $51.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $83.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $134.9 million, against a production budget of $50 million. In North America, \"American Made\" was released alongside the openings of \"Flatliners\" and \"'Til Death Do Us Part\",", "title": "American Made (film)" }, { "id": "19720737", "text": "for the phones\". IPhone 7 iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the tenth generation of the iPhone. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8", "title": "IPhone 7" }, { "id": "3589511", "text": "him at the cost of her own life. This act of faith ends the apocalypse. Jesus appears in the hospital and tells Russell that Abby's sacrifice has refilled the Hall of Souls, ensuring that humanity will continue to survive. The film was released theatrically in the United States by TriStar Pictures in April 1988. It grossed $18,875,011 at the box office. It received negative reviews from critics, and holds a 15% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 20 reviews. The film was released on DVD in the United States by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment in 1998. Scream Factory released the", "title": "The Seventh Sign" }, { "id": "18673318", "text": "top of the chart. The song received a nomination for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards. In the United States, the album debuted at number 12 on the chart, dipped 5 spots to 17, before gaining traction and moving up 15 positions marks the largest jump into the top 2 of the chart, since \"\", which moved 31 positions (33–2) in the week ending January 22, 2013. The album peaked at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart for one week in its fourth week, in the week ending April 12, 2015, earning 111,000 album-equivalent", "title": "Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack" }, { "id": "17261242", "text": "Blu-ray and DVD version include behind-the-scene footage of the \"Race Wars\" scene including rapper Iggy Azalea and making of the cars featured in the film. In the U.S. and Canada, it sold roughly 2.5 million units on Blu-ray and DVD in its first week of release, making it the highest-selling home entertainment live-action film of 2015. This record was later surpassed by \"Jurassic World\" the following month, which in turn was surpassed by \"\" by the end of the year. \"Furious 7\" made $353 million in the United States and Canada and $1.163 billion in other countries, for a worldwide", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "632041", "text": "American and European online stores on August 14, 2012. It included high resolution support, cloud saves, achievements and a character booster. It would later be released via Steam on July 4, 2013, replacing the version available on Square Enix's North American and European online stores. The PC version would be released in Japan for the first time on May 16, 2013, exclusively via Square Enix's Japanese online store with the \"International\" version title. It has features unavailable in the western version including high speed mode, no random encounters mode and a max stats command. A release for iOS, based on", "title": "Final Fantasy VII" }, { "id": "17695791", "text": "Tegra Note 7 The Tegra Note 7 is a mini tablet computer and the second Tegra 4 based mobile device designed by Nvidia that runs the Android operating system. Revealed on September 18, 2013, EVGA was the first to partner with Nvidia for release on November 19, 2013. Other manufacturers Nvidia has partnered with include Advent, ZOTAC, PNY, Gigabyte, Xolo HP and Cherry Mobile. The device is known as EVGA Tegra Note 7 in the US, Advent Vega Tegra Note 7 in the United Kingdom, Gradiente Tegra Note 7 in Brazil, Gazer Tegra Note 7 in Ukraine and Russia, Gigabyte", "title": "Tegra Note 7" }, { "id": "19085949", "text": "The film has its world premiere at the Austin Film Festival on October 26, 2014. The film then premiered at the Sarasota Film Festival on April 16, 2015. In January 2015, Starz Digital Media acquired the North American rights. The film was finally released in the US with a limited release and through video-on-demand on June 26, 2015. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Anchor Bay Entertainment on September 1, 2015. \"7 Minutes\" received negative reviews from film critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator website, it received a 19% approval rating and an average rating of 3.7", "title": "7 Minutes" }, { "id": "13803924", "text": "Noonbory and the Super Seven Noonbory and the Super Seven () is an animated television series that is co-produced by Daewon Media and Cookie Jar Entertainment in association with Knowledge, Access TV, BBC Kids, and SCN. It aired in the U.S. on August 15, 2008 (Pilot) and September 19, 2009 (Series) on CBS' KEWLopolis in August, and on CBS' Cookie Jar TV in September. It airs in Canada on BBC Kids, and in South Korea on SCN. It also airs in Spanish in the United States on Sorpresa and UltraKidz. The pilot episode aired on KEWLopolis on CBS on August", "title": "Noonbory and the Super Seven" }, { "id": "17261262", "text": "it has to be as good as or better [than \"Furious 7\"]\". At the 2015 CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Diesel announced the film for an April 14, 2017 release date. On August 16, 2015, at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards (where \"Furious 7\" received the award for Choice Movie – Action and Walker received the award for Choice Movie Actor – Action), Diesel gave the film the initial title \"Fast 8\". In September 2015, Diesel stated that the script had almost been completed, and expressed interest in Rob Cohen, who directed the first film, to direct the eighth installment. On", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "16707534", "text": "for Microsoft Windows the same year, and for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One at E3 2018, where they revealed a second trailer and a media-exclusive, pre-alpha gameplay demonstration, released to the public in August of that year, following its appearance at Gamescom. The game will be distributed in North America by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. Bilkom is publishing it in Turkey. Bandai Namco Entertainment will act as publisher for twenty-four European countries. The teaser trailer received the People's Choice award for Best Animation at the 2013 FITC Awards, the award for Best Trailer at the 2013 Machinima Inside Gaming Awards,", "title": "Cyberpunk 2077" }, { "id": "15472757", "text": "aired first on January 21 on mtv.com, and broadcast on MTV2 at 10:00am and 10:00pm. Upon the album's release, \"Fuck Food\" featuring Krizz Kaliko, Lil Wayne and T-Pain debuted at number 47 on the Rap Digital Songs chart. The album debuted at number 4 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with approximately 56,000 copies sold in its first week. The album also reached number 24 on the Canadian Albums Chart. It currently holds a score of 81 on professional review site Metacritic, indicating 'widespread acclaim.' The Best Buy Edition also contains a Strange Music pendant. The iTunes deluxe edition also contains", "title": "All 6's and 7's" }, { "id": "18391978", "text": "City, continuing the franchise's tradition of filming in exotic locations around the world. \"The Fate of the Furious\" premiered in Berlin on April 4, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D and 4DX internationally. The film received mixed reviews from critics, many of whom praised the action sequences and acting performances but criticized the storyline. The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide, making it the thirtieth film (and the second in the franchise, after \"Furious 7\") to gross over $1 billion, the third highest-grossing film of 2017 and the", "title": "The Fate of the Furious" }, { "id": "17261250", "text": "2015 film. On April 26, 2015, it became the third film in cinematic history to earn over $1 billion overseas. It opened on Wednesday, April 1, 2015, in 12 countries, earning $16.9 million (including previews from 22 countries). It opened in 33 more countries on Thursday, April 2, for a total of 45 countries, earning $43 million from 8,407 screens, marking Universal Pictures overseas' highest-grossing Thursday ever, and for a two-day total of $60 million. It added 20 more countries on Friday, April 3, earning $59.2 million from 9,935 screens in 63 countries, for a three-day total of $120.6 million.", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "770074", "text": "Pictures film to surpass the $1 billion mark until 2015, when the studio had three such films, \"Furious 7\", \"Minions\", and the fourth installment of the \"Jurassic Park\" franchise, \"Jurassic World\". It currently ranks as the 29th highest-grossing film of all time in North America (not adjusted for inflation), the highest-grossing film of 1993 and the twenty-eighth highest-grossing film of all time. High praise was given to the film's visual effects, musical score, and Spielberg's direction, although there was some criticism leveled at the script and departures from the book's plot. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively gave the film", "title": "Jurassic Park (film)" }, { "id": "15887790", "text": "premiered at Sitges Film Festival on 10 October 2010. It was released theatrically in Argentina 3 March 2011, where it grossed $158,421. The U.S. premiere was at SXSW in March 2011, after which it received a limited theatrical release in July. It was released on DVD on October 4, 2011 as part of the Bloody Disgusting Selects line. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 71% of seven surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 6.1/10. Rob Nelson of \"Variety\" wrote that the film \"lacks sufficient satiric energy to distinguish itself from countless other entries", "title": "Phase 7" }, { "id": "18163145", "text": "inversely proportional to the player's current health bar. The update introduces meter-type characters, who utilize jump-in attacks and special cancels, and use an EX/Super meter as a limiter for some special attacks in place of Rage Drive. However, they have no 10-hit combo moves. This type is reserved for three characters: Eliza, and the guest characters Akuma from \"Street Fighter\", and Geese Howard from the SNK fighting game series. Meanwhile, Noctis Lucis Caelum from \"Final Fantasy XV\" incorporates both aspects of preexisting gameplay types (he has Tekken-type gameplay but possesses jump-in moves). The update also added Wall Bound, which initially", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17868215", "text": "Angeles on October 10, 2017, and its Australian premiere took place on October 13, on the Gold Coast. It was released in the United Kingdom on October 24, 2017, with additional international releases on October 25, and in Australia on October 26. The film was released in the United States and Canada on November 3, in 4,080 theaters, of which over 3,400 were 3D, 381 were IMAX and IMAX 3D, and 204 were D-Box. The film opened in 1,187 IMAX theaters globally, which was a November opening weekend record. It was originally scheduled for release on July 28, 2017. \"Thor:", "title": "Thor: Ragnarok" }, { "id": "8305988", "text": "mm film in that still supported those formats, including at least theaters. A IMAX projector was installed at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles to display the format. The film's wide release expanded to theaters that showed it digitally. Paramount Pictures distributed the film in North America, and Warner Bros. distributed it in the remaining territories. The film was released in over 770 IMAX screens worldwide, which was the largest global release in IMAX cinemas, until surpassed by Universal Pictures' \"Furious 7\" (2015) with 810 IMAX theaters. \"Interstellar\" was an exception to Paramount Pictures' goal to stop releasing films", "title": "Interstellar (film)" }, { "id": "5536494", "text": "trilogy will take place before and during the events of the original series, as well as having an original story. The second film was announced to be released on November 10, 2018 under the title . At Anime Boston, Masahiko Minami confirmed that the first film of the trilogy will premiere in Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand in Fall 2017, and that Funimation will distribute the film in the United States. Madman Entertainment will distribute the film in Australia and New Zealand. Anime Limited will distribute the film in the UK.", "title": "Eureka Seven" }, { "id": "12011762", "text": "Tekken (2009 film) On November 5, 2009 \"Tekken\" was shown at American Film Market. On January 14, 2010, an international trailer was released, and the film premiered in Japan on March 20, 2010. \"Tekken\" is followed by the 2014 prequel \"\". In the late 2010s, after the Terror War has destroyed much of civilization, 8 megacorporations survived and divided up the world around them; the biggest being Tekken Corporation, which controls North America. In order to placate the masses, the corporation's Chairman, Heihachi Mishima, sponsors the King of Iron Fist Tournament, or \"Iron Fist\" - in which fighters from the", "title": "Tekken (2009 film)" }, { "id": "18285235", "text": "States Canada, and $68.9 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $162.4 million, against a net production budget of $90 million. The film had a global 2D IMAX opening of $4.3 million from 606 theaters. In the United States and Canada, \"The Magnificent Seven\" was released alongside \"Storks\", and was projected to open to around $30 million, with some estimates going as high as $50 million, which would have made it one of the biggest September debuts of all-time. The film opened in 3,674 theaters, and had the benefit of playing in all IMAX theaters for one week,", "title": "The Magnificent Seven (2016 film)" }, { "id": "1739532", "text": "his father Heihachi in the King of Iron Fist Tournament. \"\", a full-length CGI-animated film in Digital 3D directed by Youichi Mouri, premiered in the United States in 2011 and was released in Japan two months later that same year. Digital Frontier developed and Bandai Entertainment distributed the film. \"Blood Vengeance\" is an alternate retelling between the events of \"Tekken 5\" and \"Tekken 6\". It was released in Japan in December 2011 as a part of the \"Tekken Hybrid\" collection. \"Tekken\", a live-action film directed by Dwight H. Little and starring Jon Foo, Ian Anthony Dale and Kelly Overton. It", "title": "Tekken" }, { "id": "1724871", "text": "American.' Russell appeared in \"The Battered Bastards of Baseball\", a documentary about his father and the Portland Mavericks, which debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in 2014. He co-starred in the action thriller \"Furious 7\" in 2015. On May 4, 2017, Russell and Goldie Hawn received stars in a double star ceremony on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for their achievements in motion pictures, located at 6201 Hollywood Boulevard. Russell married actress Season Hubley, whom he met while filming \"Elvis\", in 1979, and had a son, Boston (born February 16, 1980). After his divorce from Hubley in 1983, Russell began", "title": "Kurt Russell" }, { "id": "12462489", "text": "United States premiere on 10 October 2008 in Honolulu at the Hawaii International Film Festival, where it won the Halekulani Golden Orchid Award for Best Narrative. Its premiere in the Continental United States was on 12 December 2008 in Los Angeles. On 14 November 2008, Cape No. 7's distributors announced that the film's official DVD/BD release date will be 19 December 2008. On 30 November 2008 the number of copies ordered in advance had reached 23,000, far surpassing the runner-up record holder in Taiwan's cinematic history, \"The Lion King\"'s 12,000 reservations in 1995. Cape No. 7 Cape No. 7 (;", "title": "Cape No. 7" }, { "id": "18953782", "text": "for four non-consecutive weeks, being held off of the top spot by Rihanna and Drake's \"Work\" and Desiigner's \"Panda\". \"7 Years\" also debuted at number 28 on the US Digital Songs chart with 26,000 digital copies sold. During 2016, the song sold 2.089 million copies in the US, making it the fourth best-selling song of the year, behind The Chainsmokers' \"Closer\", Flo Rida's \"My House\" and Justin Timberlake's \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\". \"7 Years\" was biggest hit in the US by a foreign-born act since Gotye's \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" in 2012. On 12 February 2016, \"7 Years\"", "title": "7 Years (Lukas Graham song)" }, { "id": "14899858", "text": "released \"Stuck on a Feeling\" featuring Snoop Dogg as the first single from his fourth studio album, \"Double Vision\". The single is Royce's best-performing single in the United States to date, having reached number forty-three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In early 2015, he contributed the song \"My Angel\" to the soundtrack album for the blockbuster film \"Furious 7\". In March 2015, it was announced that Royce would join Ariana Grande's The Honeymoon Tour as the opening act for 40 dates in the United States. Royce's first album primarily in the English language, \"Double Vision\" was released on July 24,", "title": "Prince Royce" }, { "id": "13619578", "text": "Age 7 in America Age 7 in America is a 1991 American documentary film produced by Michael Apted, co-produced by Vicky Bippart, directed by Phil Joanou, and narrated by Meryl Streep. It details the lives of 7-year-old Americans from across the continental United States, of varying social classes and ethnicities. Patterned after the Up series of the United Kingdom, \"Age 7 in America\" has been succeeded by the films \"14 Up in America\" (1998), also directed by Joanou and produced by Vicky Bippart, and \"21 Up in America\" (2006), directed by Christopher Dillon Quinn and produced by Vicky Bippart. Luis", "title": "Age 7 in America" }, { "id": "19736712", "text": "received by both critics and the fighting game community. \"Injustice: Gods Among Us\" failed to impress audiences at Evo 2013, and Ozzie Mejia of \"Shack News\" suggested that, if the game were to disappoint again, it was likely it wouldn't return in 2015. Bandai Namco revealed the first trailer for \"Tekken 7\" at Evo 2014. NetherRealm Studios announced that the character Raiden would return in \"Mortal Kombat X\", which was to be released the following year. Meanwhile Microsoft announced that Maya would be the next character to be added to \"Killer Instinct\". Nintendo showed a video of Reggie Fils-Aimé thanking", "title": "Evo 2014" }, { "id": "18163158", "text": "lack of respect towards the martyred Philippine national hero José Rizal, as well as misrepresentation of Filipino Martial Arts. According to Tekken chief producer Katsuhiro Harada, Mad Catz community manager Mark Julio, and Josie's character designer Mari Shimazaki, Josie Rizal practiced kickboxing and Eskrima, but the move set in her reveal video consisted of mostly generic and recycled moves from earlier existing characters in the \"Tekken\" series. Someone claiming to be an official of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts was not quite happy with the way the character of Josie was depicted and stated that they would", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "17261255", "text": "in Mexico ($21.5 million), the UK, Ireland and Malta ($18.7 million), Germany ($15.9 million), Russia and the CIS ($15.9 million), Brazil ($11.4 million), France ($11.4 million), Australia ($11.3 million), Taiwan ($10.3 million), Argentina ($9.3 millon), Korea ($8.9 million), India ($8.7 million), Italy ($8.2 million), Malaysia ($7.3 million), Spain ($6.3 million), Venezuela ($6 million), Thailand ($6 million), and Colombia ($5.2 million). In the UAE, where parts of the film was shot, it opened with $4.8 million. Out of the 68 countries it was released in, the only country not to open at number one was Japan (locally released with the title,", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "20298262", "text": "When Was the Last Time When Was the Last Time is the seventh studio album and fifth in the country genre by American country music singer Darius Rucker. It was released on Capitol Records Nashville on October 20, 2017. \"If I Told You\" was released as the album's lead single on July 5, 2016. It reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart dated June 24, 2017, becoming his first No. 1 since \"Wagon Wheel\" in 2013. The album's second single, \"For the First Time,\" was released on July 24, 2017. It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Country", "title": "When Was the Last Time" }, { "id": "18163151", "text": "learned that she possessed the Devil Gene and was sent by her family to kill him, regretfully being forced to kill her in self-defense, which eventually marked the feud amongst the Mishima clansmen as of the present. Suspecting that Kazuya had inherited the Devil Gene, Heihachi threw him off a cliff, believing the boy's survival would confirm his fears. Heihachi has the reporter escorted out back to Lars before traveling to a volcano for a final battle with Kazuya. Vengeful over his parents' betrayals, with Heihachi being the one who never told him about Kazumi's assassinations on them before her", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "13178231", "text": "Soldier of the latest type, along with fellow fighter Mike Pyle as Capt. Kevin Burke. \"Tekken\" star Jon Foo appears as a cameo in the film as one of the four UniSols. The film was released theatrically in the Middle East and Southeast Asia and directly to video in the United States and other parts of the world. The film has received average to mixed reviews, but it has since developed a notable cult following. A group of terrorists led by Commander Topov (Zahari Baharov) kidnap the Ukrainian Prime Minister's son and daughter and hold them hostage, demanding the release", "title": "Universal Soldier: Regeneration" }, { "id": "1458614", "text": "the first studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with \"Furious 7\", \"Jurassic World\" and \"Minions\". Universal Pictures Universal Pictures (also known as Universal Studios, formerly Universal Film Manufacturing Company) is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. Founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour, it is the oldest surviving film studio in the United States, the world's fifth oldest", "title": "Universal Pictures" }, { "id": "18163143", "text": "Screw Attack cannot be used to do wall combos. With a new display system, the game's multiplayer allows players to choose which side of the screen to play on. Movement has undergone some changes and is similar to the movement mechanics found in \"Tekken Revolution\", most notably when characters walk backwards. The arcade version features the traditional stage-based playthrough, in which the player progresses by beating five different opponents one by one, ending with a fixed penultimate and final stage. Matches may be interrupted if another player joins the game. Online mode is available for both local and international play.", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18285233", "text": "and they would have to leave the set. Since his grandmother was the prime influence on the film, every day after filming, Fuqua would ask himself if she would have had fun watching it. The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, and served as the closing-night film at the Venice Film Festival on September 9, 2016. The film was originally set to be released on January 13, 2017; however in February 2016, Sony Pictures Entertainment moved the release date to September 23, 2016. Sony kicked off its campaign on April 20,", "title": "The Magnificent Seven (2016 film)" }, { "id": "632042", "text": "the PC version and adjusted for mobile devices by D4 Enterprise, was released on August 19, 2015, with an auto-save feature. After being announced at PlayStation Experience 2014, the PC version was released for PlayStation 4 on December 5, 2015. DotEmu developed the PS4 version. A version for Android was released on July 7, 2016. A version for the PlayStation Classic will be released on December 3, 2018. A version for the Nintendo Switch and Xbox One will be released worldwide in 2018 or 2019. Within three days of its release in Japan, \"Final Fantasy VII\" sold over two million", "title": "Final Fantasy VII" }, { "id": "16321185", "text": "DeGeneres Show,\" The Late Late Show with James Corden, and Good Morning America. By the end of March 2016, \"7 Years\" had achieved around 225 million total listens on Spotify worldwide with 17.2 million listeners per month, making the band the 20th most popular artist on the service. On 1 April 2016, the self-titled global debut was officially released in the United States by Warner Bros. Records. The US release of the album received new artwork, a reworked track listing, and a wider global audience in countries including, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. The album reached No.", "title": "Lukas Graham" }, { "id": "19593529", "text": "Filmmaker Labs, an annual yearlong fellowship for first-time feature directors. The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 7, 2015, and received a theatrical release in the United States on July 22, 2016. Film Movement acquired the rights to distribute the film in the United States. Metrodome distributed the film in the United Kingdom on May 13, 2016. \"The Seventh Fire\" went on to play in over 50 markets, including New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Toronto, Vancouver, Minneapolis, Boston, and San Diego. The film was selected to screen at the White House on March 24, 2016", "title": "The Seventh Fire" }, { "id": "20053753", "text": "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 7) The seventh season of the animated television series \"\", developed by Lauren Faust, originally aired on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or \"G4\", of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 7 of the series premiered on April 15, 2017 on Discovery Family, an American pay television channel partly owned by Hasbro, and concluded on October 28, twenty-two days after \"\" was released in", "title": "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 7)" }, { "id": "17308052", "text": "and animating, storyboarding, the whole thing just adds up to about three years.\" In January 2015, the release date was pushed back to June 29, 2018 following corporate restructuring, massive lay-offs, and to maximize the company's \"creative talent and resources, reduce costs, and drive profitability.\" On June 18, 2016, the release date was moved up to May 18, 2018, taking over the release date of Warner Animation Group's \"\". On December 5, 2016, the US release date was pushed back again to March 1, 2019. The release date was moved again on September 27, 2018, to February 22, 2019, taking", "title": "How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World" }, { "id": "20874416", "text": "genre. The movie is the highest-grossing movie in the saga, created by George Lucas and directed by J. J. Abrams. The Force Awakens is the 7th episode out of 9 since 1977 and the first of the last trilogy since 2015. The film series is currently owned by \"LucasFilm, Ltd.\" and \"The Walt Disney Company\". The movie won 62 awards (5 Academy Awards). The cost of making it 253 million dollars. The gross was about 2 billion dollars worldwide: 45.3% was domestic and 53.7% was international. Talking about Academy Awards in adventure genre, British-American The Lord of the Rings (film", "title": "Hollywood cinema in 21st century" }, { "id": "18163146", "text": "only applied to guest character Geese Howard. The Season 2 update eventually added the mechanic for every character. Further game modes were released as post-release downloadable content (DLC), such as a bowling minigame. After the events of \"Tekken 6\", though Azazel was destroyed by Jin Kazama, the war between the Mishima Zaibatsu and G Corporation continues to ravage the world. The game's story is told from the perspective of a reporter whose wife and son are killed in the crossfire, leading him to begin writing an exposé on the Mishima Zaibatsu and G Corporation. Nina Williams leads the Zaibatsu in", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18471982", "text": "in Philadelphia, Rocky's hometown. \"Creed\" was released in the United States on November 25, 2015, the 40th anniversary of the date of the opening scene in 1976's \"Rocky\". The seventh installment of the series and sequel to 2006's \"Rocky Balboa\", the film received acclaim from critics, who called it the best \"Rocky\" film in many years, and was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2015. For his performance, Stallone was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, his first Oscar nomination since the original film. He also won the National", "title": "Creed (film)" }, { "id": "17261227", "text": "on a break for the Thanksgiving holiday, Walker, who portrayed Brian O'Conner, died in a single-vehicle accident. The next day, Universal announced that production would continue after a delay that would allow the filmmakers to rework the film. On December 4, 2013, Universal put production on hold indefinitely. Wan later confirmed that the film had not been cancelled. On December 22, 2013, Diesel announced on his Facebook page that the film would be released on April 10, 2015. On February 27, 2014, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" reported that filming would resume on April 1, and that the cast and crew had", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "19621131", "text": "primarily at Cinespace Film Studios' Kipling Avenue facility; and concluded on September 7. The film went into post-production on October 4. Sony Pictures released the film on September 29, 2017. \"Flatliners\" grossed $16.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $28.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $45 million, against a production budget of $19 million. In North America, the film was released alongside \"American Made\" and \"'Til Death Do Us Part\", as well as the wide expansion of \"Battle of the Sexes\", and was projected to gross $8–12 million from 2,552 theaters in its opening", "title": "Flatliners (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18285236", "text": "and in a number of premium large formats and D-Box screens. It made $1.75 million from Thursday previews and $12.7 million on its first day. The film went on to gross $35.7 million in its opening weekend, of which $2.9 million came from 372 IMAX theaters, and topped the box office. It scored the third biggest Western opening (not accounting for inflation), behind \"Rango\" ($38.1 million) and \"Cowboys & Aliens\" ($36.4 million). It is also director Fuqua's second biggest opening and Washington's third biggest. According to the \"Los Angeles Times\", the film was released in theaters at a time when", "title": "The Magnificent Seven (2016 film)" }, { "id": "17261256", "text": "\"Wild Speed: Skymission\") where it earned $6.2 million in its opening weekend, behind \"\" ($7.6 million). and \"\" ($7.4 million). It became the highest-grossing film of all time in Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Africa, the UAE, Uruguay, Trinidad and Vietnam and Universal Pictures' highest-grossing film of all time in 29 countries including Argentina, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Thailand, Turkey, UAE and Vietnam. In Latin America, it became the second highest-grossing film ($200 million), the first time Universal has reached the milestone and the second film in history to earn more than $200", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "17261243", "text": "total of $1.516 billion, against its $190 million production budget. Worldwide, it is the seventh highest-grossing film of all time, the third highest-grossing film of 2015, the highest-grossing film in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise and the second highest-grossing Universal Pictures film. It was also the fastest film to reach the $1 billion mark at the time, doing so in 17 days; It is also the 20th film to gross over $1 billion. It also became the first film to pass 1 million in 4DX admissions worldwide. \"Deadline Hollywood\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $354.03", "title": "Furious 7" }, { "id": "1659125", "text": "two days and five further weeks to edit. The credits were hand-etched onto black scratchboard and manipulated by the camera, rather than using digital effects. The final sequence used a remix of \"Closer\" created by the band Coil. \"Seven\" was released on September 22, 1995, in 2,441 theaters where it grossed US$13.9 million on its opening weekend. It went on to gross $100.1 million in North America and $227.1 million in the rest of the world for a total of $327.3 million, making \"Seven\" the seventh-highest-grossing film in 1995. The film also spent 4 consecutive weeks in the top spot", "title": "Seven (1995 film)" }, { "id": "18163163", "text": "added player icons, customization, and other aesthetic features. A collaboration with New Japan Pro-Wrestling was announced during the \"an presents Dai Pro-Wres Matsuri 2017\" event on January 2, 2017. An attire inspired by IWGP Heavyweight champion Kazuchika \"Rainmaker\" Okada was added as an outfit for King. A new Rage Art for King inspired by Rainmaker would accompany the outfit. Additionally, NJPW-themed T-shirts were added for other characters. The event ran from January 23 to February 22, 2017. Another collaboration with NJPW started on November 18, 2017, this time providing a Hiroshi Tanahashi-inspired outfit for Lars accompanied by a new Rage", "title": "Tekken 7" }, { "id": "18391994", "text": "installment. Filming also took place in Atlanta and New York City. Brian Tyler, who scored the third, fourth, fifth, and seventh installments, was tapped to compose the film score for the eighth picture. A soundtrack album by Atlantic Records was released on April 14, 2017, coinciding with the film's US theatrical release. The film's score album was released on April 27, by Back Lot Music. \"The Fate of the Furious\" had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4, 2017. The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX", "title": "The Fate of the Furious" } ]

[ "Olivia Cooke" ]

[ { "id": "15873223", "text": "led to Spielberg signing Alan Silvestri for the score. The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, Simon Pegg, Hannah John-Kamen and Mark Rylance. It premiered at South by Southwest on March 11, 2018, and was theatrically released by Warner Bros. in the United States on March 29, 2018. It received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised its visuals and brisk pacing, and noted it as an improvement over the book. This film received criticism for its lack of character development and its \"achingly regressive\" view of pop culture fans. Ready Player One Ready Player One", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "18683122", "text": "in a visual format, such as when Wade beats a high score in \"Pac-Man\", or recites all the lines from the film \"WarGames\". Three actresses were top-runners for the role of Art3mis: Elle Fanning, Olivia Cooke, and Lola Kirke; In September 2015, Cooke was announced as having been cast in the coveted female lead role. In January 2016, Ben Mendelsohn joined the cast. In February 2016, Tye Sheridan was confirmed as playing the lead role of Wade, after a lengthy nationwide casting call failed to produce an unknown for the part. In March 2016, Simon Pegg joined the cast. In", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683112", "text": "Ready Player One (film) Ready Player One is a 2018 American science fiction film produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Zak Penn and Ernest Cline, based on Cline's 2011 novel of the same name. The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, T.J. Miller, Simon Pegg, and Mark Rylance. The film takes place in 2045, when much of humanity uses the virtual reality software OASIS to escape the desolation of the real world. Orphaned teenager Wade Watts (Sheridan) discovers clues to a hidden game within the program that promises the winner full ownership of", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683123", "text": "April 2016, Mark Rylance joined the cast, and in June 2016, T.J. Miller, Hannah John-Kamen and Win Morisaki also joined. In July 2016, Philip Zhao joined the cast, and Lena Waithe, Ralph Ineson, McKenna Grace, and Letitia Wright were later also announced to have been cast. Production was set to begin in July 2016. Screenwriter Zak Penn tweeted on July 1, 2016 that the first week of filming had been completed. In August and September 2016, filming took place in Birmingham, England; this included Livery Street in the Jewellery Quarter area of the city, which was extensively used, including the", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683146", "text": "know what he is getting into. He's said that it's the third-hardest film he's made, out of dozens and dozens of movies\". Co-star Olivia Cooke, and presumably the rest of the cast, is \"contracted to sequels\". Ready Player One (film) Ready Player One is a 2018 American science fiction film produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Zak Penn and Ernest Cline, based on Cline's 2011 novel of the same name. The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, T.J. Miller, Simon Pegg, and Mark Rylance. The film takes place in 2045, when much of", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683113", "text": "the OASIS, and joins several allies to try to complete the game before a large company run by businessman Nolan Sorrento (Mendelsohn) can do so. \"Ready Player One\" premiered at South by Southwest in Austin, Texas on March 11, 2018, was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on March 29, 2018, in 2D, Real D 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D. It grossed $582 million worldwide, making it the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2018. The film received generally positive reviews, critics praised its visuals, brisk pacing, both Sheridan's and Rylance's performances, and the many cultural references from various", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683120", "text": "into servitude and to shut down the OASIS twice a week for everyone to spend more time in the real world. Meanwhile, he and Samantha move into an apartment together. Additionally, Susan Lynch portrays Alice, Wade's aunt; Ralph Ineson portrays Rick, Alice's abusive boyfriend; Perdita Weeks portrays Karen \"Kira\" Underwood, Morrow's wife; and Clare Higgins portrays Mrs. Gilmore, Wade's neighbor. Warner Bros. and De Line Pictures won an auction for the rights to Ernest Cline's novel \"Ready Player One\" in 2010, before it had been published. Cline was set to write the script for the film, which Donald De Line", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "2090015", "text": "Squad 2\" and \"Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)\". The \"\" version of Harley makes a cameo appearance in the 2018 film \"Ready Player One\". This version of Quinn appears in The Distracted Globe nightclub sequence. Harley Quinn appears in the \"\" franchise. Arleen Sorkin initially reprises her role in the first game, whereas Tara Strong assumes the role for the remainder of the series. Harley Quinn has been interpreted as having dependent personality disorder as well as showing typically villainous antisocial behavior. Kate Roddy describes Harley Quinn as an \"ambitious career woman who gives", "title": "Harley Quinn" }, { "id": "15873204", "text": "was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters. In 2012, the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association and won the 2012 Prometheus Award. A film adaptation, screenwritten by Cline and Zak Penn and directed by Steven Spielberg, was released on March 29, 2018. In the 2040s, the world has been gripped by an energy crisis from the depletion of fossil fuels and the consequences of global warming and overpopulation, causing widespread social problems and economic stagnation. To escape the decline their world", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "18683134", "text": "2018. The film had its world premiere at the Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas on March 11, 2018 (as part of the South by Southwest Film Festival). Warner Bros. Pictures distributed the film worldwide, with Village Roadshow Pictures distributing in several overseas territories. \"Ready Player One\" was released on digital copy on July 3, 2018, and on 4K UHD Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Blu-Ray, and DVD on July 24, 2018. The film debuted at the top of the NPD VideoScan First Alert chart for the week ending on July 27, 2018. It retained the No. 1 spot on the chart for", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "371486", "text": "of \"The Washington Post\"'s printing of the Pentagon Papers. Production began in New York on May 30, 2017. The film began a limited release on December 22, 2017, with a wide release following on January 12, 2018. Spielberg directed the film adaptation of the popular sci-fi novel \"Ready Player One\", by Ernest Cline. The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Simon Pegg and Mark Rylance. It began production in London in July 2016, a year before \"The Post\", which was filmed, edited and released during the lengthy, effects-heavy post-production period for \"Ready Player One\". \"Ready Player One\" was", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "id": "19802043", "text": "and Chadwick Boseman. She reprised the role in the next Marvel Cinematic Universe film, \"\", which was released in April 2018. Also in 2018, Wright appeared as Reb in Steven Spielberg's film adaptation of the novel \"Ready Player One\". Wright features as one of the cameos in Drake's music video for \"Nice for What\". Wright has been vocal about her struggles with depression. In 2018 she told \"Vanity Fair\", \"I was in the dark going through so many bad things, when the world didn’t know about Shuri and Letitia and whatever is happening now.\" Wright took a break from acting", "title": "Letitia Wright" }, { "id": "15873222", "text": "on to direct in March 2015. Spielberg and Kristie Macosko Krieger of Amblin Partners also joined Deline and Farah as producers. Warner Bros. initially announced a release date of December 15, 2017. On February 9, 2016, the release date was pushed back to March 30, 2018, to avoid competition with \"\". The movie began production in the spring of 2016 and was filmed in both the United States and the United Kingdom. On June 9, 2016, \"Variety\" stated that Spielberg's regular collaborator John Williams was planning on composing the film's score. However, scheduling conflicts with another Spielberg film, \"The Post\",", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "18683121", "text": "and Dan Farah would produce. Eric Eason rewrote Cline's script, and Zak Penn was hired to rewrite the previous drafts by Cline and Eason. Village Roadshow Pictures came aboard to co-finance and co-produce the film with Warner Bros. Steven Spielberg signed on to direct and produce the film, which Kristie Macosko Krieger also produced, along with De Line and Farah. \"Ready Player One\" is Spielberg's first action-fantasy film since \"The Adventures of Tintin\" in late 2011. Cline and Penn made several revisions while adapting the novel to film. Most of these changes were to eliminate scenes that would be uninteresting", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "17253860", "text": "Birds\", opposite Alden Ehrenreich, Jack Huston and Jennifer Aniston. Also that year, Sheridan co-starred with Kaitlyn Dever in \"Grass Stains\", a film written and directed by Kyle Wilamowski. He plays a teen discovering his first love (Dever). When a prank goes awry and causes the death of his girlfriend's older brother, the boy must balance his secret guilt with his feelings for the girl. In 2018, Sheridan played Wade Watts, a.k.a. Parzival, the lead character, in Steven Spielberg's science fiction film \"Ready Player One\", which was released on March 29. Sheridan will reprise the role of Scott Summers / Cyclops", "title": "Tye Sheridan" }, { "id": "18683138", "text": "for Warner Bros in said territory. The film's other major opening weekend territories were South Korea ($8.1 million), United Kingdom ($7.3 million), Russia ($6.1 million) and France ($6 million). In its second weekend in China it grossed $42 million, and in third weekend grossed $13.9 million. The film grossed $81.7 million in its second weekend overseas, dropping only 35% and is ahead of other newcomers \"A Quiet Place\" and \"Blockers\". In its third weekend it grossed $33.8 million overseas dropping 58.6%. On April 21, 2018, the film topped $200 million in China, becoming the tenth-biggest U.S. release ever in the", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "19619783", "text": "at the end of the same year. Morisaki made his film debut in the Yutaka Ozaki movie \"Sherry\" in 2012. He was selected as the first radio personality at FM Yokohama in April 2015. Morisaki played the role of Daito in the Hollywood film \"Ready Player One\", directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the 2011 novel by Ernest Cline. Morisaki joins a cast that includes Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Simon Pegg, Ben Mendelsohn, T.J. Miller and Mark Rylance. Morisaki played a small supporting role alongside Wutt Hmone Shwe Yi in an Burmese language film, \"Zati Myay\" (ဇာတိမြေ), directed by", "title": "Win Morisaki" }, { "id": "15873221", "text": "of several classic arcade or Atari 2600 games. This was completed on August 9, 2012 by Craig Queen, who set a new world record in \"Joust\". He was awarded the DeLorean on the TV show \"X-Play\". The film rights were purchased by Warner Bros. on the same day Cline finalized his publishing deal with Random House, one year prior to the novel's publication. Dan Farah brought the project into the studio and produced it with Donald De Line. Cline adapted his novel into a screenplay. Over the years, Eric Eason and Zak Penn assisted Cline with rewrites. Steven Spielberg signed", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "15873203", "text": "Ready Player One Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopia in 2044, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which will lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The book was published on August 16, 2011. An audiobook was released the same day; it", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "18683117", "text": "retaliation, Sorrento has IOI's head of operations F'Nale Zandor bomb Wade's stack, killing Alice. Art3mis' player, Samantha Cook, rescues Wade, but they are soon found by IOI. Samantha is captured and forced into IOI's servitude, while Wade is extracted by the other High Five – Helen (Aech), Toshiro (Daito), and Zhou (Sho). The group tracks down Samantha's location at IOI, and they remotely help her escape, allowing her to assist them in the OASIS as Art3mis. The third challenge requires one to play Halliday's favorite Atari 2600 game, in a castle on Planet Doom, which Sorrento has protected with a", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "5535543", "text": "in Christopher Nolan's 2017 action-thriller \"Dunkirk\", based on the British military evacuation of the French city of Dunkirk in 1940 during World War II. The film co-starred Tom Hardy, Kenneth Branagh, Cillian Murphy and Harry Styles. Rylance played James Haliday in \"Ready Player One\", which was also directed by Spielberg. He will next film \"Waiting for Barbarians\", alongside Johnny Depp and Robert Pattinson, in late October 2018. In 1995, Rylance became the first artistic director of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, a post he held until 2005. Rylance directed and acted in every season, in works by Shakespeare and others, including an", "title": "Mark Rylance" }, { "id": "18683136", "text": "first day, including $3.75 million from Wednesday night previews. It ended up grossing $41.8 million in its opening weekend (for a four-day total of $53.7 million), marking Spielberg's biggest debut since 2008's \"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull\". In its second weekend it grossed $25.1 million (a drop of 40%), finishing second behind newcomer \"A Quiet Place\" ($50 million). In its third weekend the film made $11.2 million, coming in fourth behind \"Rampage\", \"A Quiet Place\" and \"Blumhouse's Truth or Dare\". In its fourth weekend the film made $7.4 million, finishing sixth at the box office In", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "17564452", "text": "appeared in season two of the UK series \"The Tunnel\". On John-Kamen's role in Steven Spielberg's \"Ready Player One,\" Kristen Tauer wrote: \"While much of \"Ready Player One\" takes place in a virtual reality world, John-Kamen's character is unique in that she is rooted in the reality throughout the film.\" Also in 2018, Kamen played Ava Starr / Ghost in the superhero film \"Ant-Man and the Wasp\". John-Kamen plays the piano and is trained in ballet, cabaret, jazz dance, salsa, and tap dance. Hannah John-Kamen Hannah Dominique E. John-Kamen (born 7 September 1989) is a British actress. She is known", "title": "Hannah John-Kamen" }, { "id": "17580754", "text": "Olivia Cooke Olivia Kate Cooke (born 27 December 1993) is an English actress. She played Emma Decody in A&E's drama-thriller series \"Bates Motel from 2013 to 2017\", and in 2018 she starred as Becky Sharp in the miniseries, \"Vanity Fair\". Cooke has also starred in the horror films \"The Quiet Ones\" (2014) and \"Ouija\" (2014), the science fiction film \"The Signal\" (2014), the comedy-drama \"Me and Earl and the Dying Girl\" (2015), the horror-mystery \"The Limehouse Golem\" (2016), the thriller \"Thoroughbreds\" (2017), and the Steven Spielberg-directed science-fiction film \"Ready Player One\" (2018). Cooke was born and raised in Oldham, Greater", "title": "Olivia Cooke" }, { "id": "2751717", "text": "fellow \"Street Fighter\" character Sakura Kasugano and played after the movie. Chun-Li was played by a cross-dressing Jackie Chan in the 1993 live-action adaptation of \"City Hunter\" during the \"Street Fighter II\" spoof scene. Chun-Li appears in the second season of \"\" titled \"Street Fighter: World Warrior\" in a significant role. In addition, she also makes cameo appearances in the 2008 Korean film \"My Mighty Princess\" (on a poster) and in the 2018 film \"Ready Player One.\" Chun-Li is a central character in the 1994 anime film \"\", voiced by Miki Fujitani in the original Japanese version and by Lia", "title": "Chun-Li" }, { "id": "18683135", "text": "the week ending on August 4, 2018. \"Ready Player One\" has grossed $137 million in the United States and Canada, and $445.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $582.2 million. Made on a production budget of $175 million, with about $150 million more spent on global marketing costs, the film needed to gross at least $440 million in order to break-even. In the United States and Canada, \"Ready Player One\" was released alongside \"\" and \"Acrimony\", and was projected to gross $40–50 million from 4,100 theaters over its first four days. It made $12.1 million on its", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "17580762", "text": "Belushi, Mireille Enos, Christopher Abbott, and Mary Steenburgen. The film revolves around Katie, a 17-year-old waitress attempting to overcome poverty and start a new life in San Francisco by resorting to prostitution. She next starred in the film adaptation of \"Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem\", a gothic murder mystery, opposite Bill Nighy and Douglas Booth. Both films premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival. Cooke then starred in the thriller film \"Thoroughbreds\", alongside Anya Taylor-Joy and Anton Yelchin, which premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival. Cooke starred as Art3mis in Steven Spielberg's science fiction adventure \"Ready Player", "title": "Olivia Cooke" }, { "id": "18683140", "text": "the last session. The total there is currently at $17.5M. In its sixth weekend in China, it bumped up 10% from last session to lift the local cume to $220.2M. The film's largest markets after China are Japan ($23.4 million), United Kingdom ($21.3 million), France ($21.5 million), South Korea ($18.6 million), and Russia-CIS ($13.1 million). On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 73% based on 382 reviews, and an average rating of 6.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Ready Player One\" is a sweetly nostalgic thrill ride that neatly encapsulates Spielberg's strengths while", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683133", "text": "the Future\" within the film's score, as well as quoting the music by Wendy Carlos and Rachel Elkind from \"The Shining\" for the film's sequence at the Overlook Hotel. The film also includes licensed music from the 1970s and 1980s, which appears on the digital-only soundtrack album \"Ready Player One: Songs from the Motion Picture\". \"Ready Player One\" was initially scheduled to be released on December 15, 2017, but was pushed back to March 30, 2018, to avoid competition with \"\". In January 2018, it was announced the film's release date had been moved up one day to March 29,", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "17564449", "text": "Hannah John-Kamen Hannah Dominique E. John-Kamen (born 7 September 1989) is a British actress. She is known for her roles as Dutch in the Syfy television series \"Killjoys\", Ornela in the HBO series \"Game of Thrones\", F'Nale Zandor in Steven Spielberg's \"Ready Player One\", and Ghost in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film \"Ant-Man and the Wasp\". John-Kamen was born in Anlaby, East Yorkshire, England, the youngest of three children of a Nigerian forensic psychologist father and a Norwegian former fashion model mother. She has an older brother and an older sister. She attended primary school in Kirk Ella, received her", "title": "Hannah John-Kamen" }, { "id": "15873215", "text": "he announces that if he wins he will share his fortune with his three friends. With Sorrento and his Sixers on his heels, Parzival plays \"Tempest,\" role-plays King Arthur and various characters in \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\", and retrieves the Easter egg in \"Adventure\". His victory grants him control of the OASIS, including wiping out his enemies' avatars, resurrecting his friends, and a Big Red Button that would wipe OASIS. Sorrento is arrested for the murder of Daito and for conspiring to kill Wade and the others. Back in Oregon, Wade and Art3mis, whose actual name is Samantha,", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "18683141", "text": "adding another solidly engrossing adventure to his filmography.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100, based on 54 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A–\" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 82% overall positive score and a 65% \"definite recommend\". In a review for RogerEbert.com, Brian Tallerico wrote that the film's \"overwhelming\" nature and non-stop action will likely thrill fans of pop culture; while he observed narrative weaknesses, such as a lack of depth among the", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683125", "text": "that overlooks the Birmingham City Centre skyline. Some of the city's landmark buildings were erased and replaced with CGI buildings to create a dystopian Ohio in the year 2045. Principal photography ended on September 27, 2016. Spielberg worked with Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) to oversee the film's visual effects, meeting with ILM for 3 hours three times a week. He has stated that \"[t]his is the most difficult movie I've done since \"Saving Private Ryan\".\" A significant part of the film takes place in a virtual space based on the Overlook Hotel in the film \"The Shining\". This was", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "19531648", "text": "Figma lines, which included figures of Tracer. Tracer appeared in Steven Spielberg's film \"Ready Player One\", based on the novel of the same name by Ernest Cline. Tracer has been cited as the \"poster girl\" for the \"Overwatch\" video game; the magazine \"Hardcore Gamer\" described her as \"\"Overwatch's\" single most iconic character\". Many publications refer to her as the game's mascot or note that she essentially fills that role. Before the game's official release, \"VentureBeat\" wrote, \"if you've paid any attention to the early fan culture for \"Overwatch\", you've likely noticed that Tracer seems especially popular\". \"Kotaku\"s Nathan Grayson described", "title": "Tracer (Overwatch)" }, { "id": "18019445", "text": "Chart, it became PrizmaX's best performing single. In June 2016, it was announced member Win Morisaki will be featured in the movie adaptation of \"Ready Player One\", directed by Steven Spielberg, as the character Daito. He took a temporary leave for the second half of 2016 to focus on the project. The movie is set to launch early 2018. At the same time, the remaining members formed the subgroup . The members include Tim Kurokawa, Daiki Shimizu, Yuki Fukumoto, and Tsubasa Shimada. They participated in a tribute album for The Beatles titled \"Hello Goodbye\" with the song \"Magical Mystery Tour\".", "title": "PrizmaX" }, { "id": "18683143", "text": "as well as Penn's screenplay, particularly with respect to Mendelsohn's character. Nevertheless, he remarked that the film \"drags a bunch in its final third\". Alissa Wilkinson, writing for Vox, praised both the quality and quantity of the world building. She also commented on just how dystopian the future portrayed is, where the main characters fight to save the OASIS and the escape from reality it represents, with arguably less concern for the problems of the real world. Monica Castillo was more critical of the film in her review for \"The Guardian\" and drew attention to the absence of character arcs,", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683115", "text": "the interest of Nolan Sorrento, the CEO of Innovative Online Industries (IOI) who seeks to control OASIS himself. IOI uses a number of indentured servants and employees called \"Sixers\" to find the egg. Wade Watts is an orphaned teenager living in the slums, or ‘stacks’, of Columbus, Ohio, with his Aunt Alice. In the OASIS, his avatar, Parzival, is best friends with Aech, a virtual mechanic. One day, Parzival befriends Art3mis, a well-known Gunter, sharing a common interest in Halliday's history. They review Halliday's life from the Archives with help of its Curator. They learn Halliday had several regrets in", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683114", "text": "media. The film was noted to have significant differences from the book; some critics said the film's plot was an improvement over the source material. In 2045, people seek regular escape from life through the virtual reality entertainment universe OASIS, co-created by James Halliday and Ogden Morrow of Gregarious Games. After Halliday's death, a pre-recorded message left by his avatar Anorak announces a game, granting ownership of OASIS to the first to find the Golden Easter egg within it, which is locked behind a gate requiring three keys. The contest has lured a number of ‘gunters’, or egg hunters, and", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683144", "text": "the lack of resolution for plot holes in the novel, and the bloating of scenes in the film by trivia. Matt Bobkin scored the film a 6 out of 10 for \"Exclaim!\" saying the film \"is not so much a groundbreaking recontextualizing, more doe-eyed affection with no critical commentary\". \"Movie Metropolis\" noted that the film \"is an absolute thrill-ride from start to finish and is pure Spielberg in the very best way\" and awarded it 4 out of 5 stars. Film and television critic Matt Zoller Seitz praised \"Ready Player One\" and noted the undercurrent of sadness present in the", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "5535533", "text": "Dahl, and appeared in Christopher Nolan's \"Dunkirk\" (2017), based on the British evacuation in World War II. He appeared as James Halliday in Spielberg's 2018 film \"Ready Player One\", based on the novel of the same name. After training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, Rylance made his professional debut at the Citizens Theatre, Glasgow in 1980. He appeared in the West End productions of \"Much Ado About Nothing\" in 1994 and \"Jerusalem\" in 2010, winning the Olivier Award for Best Actor for both. He has also appeared on Broadway, winning three Tony Awards: two for Best", "title": "Mark Rylance" }, { "id": "18683126", "text": "mostly a digital recreation of the film using high-quality telecine of the original film, giving them some freedom of new camera angles and shots that could be generated from this recreation. The final film includes a combination of the original footage from \"The Shining\" and ILM's additional work. Only a few scenes in this sequence which involved real actors, such as the appearance of the Grady twins, required them to construct a faithful reproduction of \"The Shining\"s set for the actors to interact with. Finally, the sequence was post-processed to introduce film grain and other aging effects to make the", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683137", "text": "its fifth weekend it grossed $2.4 million, a drop of 67% from previous weekend and finishing ninth. Worldwide, the film was released in 62 countries, including China, where it was expected to make $100–120 million in its opening weekend. It grossed $2.9 million on its first day from 11 countries, including $980,000 from Korea. In China the film made $14.75 million on its first day and earned a score of 9.2 from audiences on Douban (compared to the average 6–7 earned by Hollywood films). It grossed $61.7 million in China in its opening weekend which is the highest opening ever", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "17253861", "text": "in the 2019 film \"\". Tye Sheridan Tye Kayle Sheridan (born November 11, 1996) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Cyclops/Scott Summers in \"X-Men film series\" (2016–present), as well as Wade Watts in \"Ready Player One\" (2018). He made his feature film debut in Terrence Malick's experimental drama film \"The Tree of Life\" (2011) and had his first leading role in Jeff Nichols's film \"Mud\" (2012). He also co-starred in David Gordon Green's drama \"Joe\" (2013) and the period thriller \"The Stanford Prison Experiment\" (2015). Sheridan was born in Elkhart, Texas. His mother, Stephanie (Wright) Sheridan,", "title": "Tye Sheridan" }, { "id": "18683132", "text": "to \"Last Action Hero\", one of Penn's first screenplays, without Penn's knowledge. On June 9, 2016, \"Variety\" stated that Spielberg's regular collaborator John Williams was planning to compose the film's score. However, in July 2017, it was reported that Williams had left the project to work on Spielberg's \"The Post\" instead, with Alan Silvestri hired to take over scoring duties for \"Ready Player One\". The official score was released by WaterTower Music as a two-CD set on March 30, 2018, with vinyl and cassette releases projected for the summer. At Spielberg's request, Silvestri references his own music from \"Back to", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "15873217", "text": "\"The book gets off to a witty start\" but noted that it lacks at least one dimension, stating that gaming had overwhelmed everything else about this book. Rebecca Serle of \"HuffPost\" described the book as \"the grown-up's \"Harry Potter\"\" and that it \"has it all – nostalgia, trivia, adventure, romance, heart and, dare I say it, some very fascinating social commentary.\" The book has been translated into over 20 languages. In an interview with \"Fortune\", Cline said that his book had inspired designers at companies such as Oculus VR which recommended the book for their new employees. Oculus has also", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "3489811", "text": "Ben Mendelsohn Paul Benjamin Mendelsohn (born 3 April 1969) is an Australian actor, who first rose to prominence in Australia for his role in \"The Year My Voice Broke\" (1987) and internationally for his role in the crime drama \"Animal Kingdom\" (2010). Since then he has had roles in films such as \"The Dark Knight Rises\" (2012), \"Starred Up\" (2013), \"Mississippi Grind\" (2015), \"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\" (2016), \"Darkest Hour\" (2017) and Steven Spielberg's adaptation of \"Ready Player One\" (2018). In 2017, he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe and is slated to appear in \"Captain Marvel\" (2019). Mendelsohn", "title": "Ben Mendelsohn" }, { "id": "1270592", "text": "creators. Parzival, the main character of the movie \"Ready Player One\", appears in a Buckaroo Banzai costume for a date. Aech says to Parzival, \"You're going to wear the outfit from your favorite movie.\" The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension, often shortened to Buckaroo Banzai, is a 1984 American science fiction action/adventure film produced and directed by W. D. Richter and written by Earl Mac Rauch. The premise centers upon the efforts of the polymath Dr. Buckaroo Banzai, a physicist, neurosurgeon, test pilot, and rock musician, to save", "title": "The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension" }, { "id": "15873218", "text": "invited Cline several times to sign books and demo hardware. The Ready Player One: Oasis beta, developed by Directive Games Limited, was released on March 23, 2018 alongside the Steven Spielberg movie and consists of four experiences made for virtual reality headsets. The game is currently available for free on Steam and Viveport. \"Lacero\", a fan-fiction story by Andy Weir, was published in the 2016 edition of \"Ready Player One\". It follows the story of Nolan Sorrento and functions as a precursor to the main novel, and is considered canonical to the \"Ready Player One\" fictional universe. In 2015, in", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "15873207", "text": "the same virtual world as his own online high school, in a re-creation of the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" module \"Tomb of Horrors\". He meets Art3mis, a famous female gunter and blogger who has been exploring the place, and advances further than she does when he defeats the AI Acererak at the video game \"Joust\". He is awarded the Copper Key, and Parzival appears on the \"Scoreboard\", attracting the world's attention. Parzival completes the Copper Gate's puzzles by teleporting to planet Middletown, playing through the \"Dungeons of Daggorath\" video game in a recreation of Halliday's parents's house and then role-playing Matthew", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "2706429", "text": "\"Street Fighter x Tekken: The Devil Within\". Ryu appears as a main lead alongside Ken in \"\" portrayed by martial arts actor/stuntman Mike Moh. The film is set before the events of the games, and focuses on Ryu and Ken's training under Gouken, while flashbacks show Gouken's past with his brother Gouki/Akuma and their mentor, Goutetsu. Moh reprised his role as Ryu in the 5 part mini series \"\" and is slated to return in the direct follow-up to \"Assassin's Fist\" titled \"\". Ryu appears in the 2018 film \"Ready Player One\", based on the book of the same name", "title": "Ryu (Street Fighter)" }, { "id": "17253855", "text": "Tye Sheridan Tye Kayle Sheridan (born November 11, 1996) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Cyclops/Scott Summers in \"X-Men film series\" (2016–present), as well as Wade Watts in \"Ready Player One\" (2018). He made his feature film debut in Terrence Malick's experimental drama film \"The Tree of Life\" (2011) and had his first leading role in Jeff Nichols's film \"Mud\" (2012). He also co-starred in David Gordon Green's drama \"Joe\" (2013) and the period thriller \"The Stanford Prison Experiment\" (2015). Sheridan was born in Elkhart, Texas. His mother, Stephanie (Wright) Sheridan, owns a beauty salon, and", "title": "Tye Sheridan" }, { "id": "18683124", "text": "van chase that takes place towards the film's end. The chase was edited to make the street appear longer than it actually is. The backpackers hostel Hatters, also on Livery Street, was used for internal filming for a basement scene. The Ludgate Hill Car Park lot on Lionel Street, in which caravan homes were partially built was also used and a planned explosion there caused some local business and homes to call emergency services, as no prior notification were given by the production team. Other locations in the city included the former industrial area of Digbeth, in a rooftop scene", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "1519223", "text": "series, based on the trilogy of novels by Suzanne Collins, \"The Divergent Series\" based on Veronica Roth's Divergent trilogy, and the \"Maze Runner\" series, based on James Dashner's \"The Maze Runner\" novels. Several adult adaptations have also been produced, including \"The Martian\" (2015), based on Andy Weir's 2011 novel, \"Cloud Atlas\" (2012), based on David Mitchell's 2004 novel, \"World War Z\", based on Max Brooks' 2006 novel, and \"Ready Player One\" (2018), based on Ernest Cline's 2011 novel. Independent productions have also increased in the 2010s, with the rise of digital filmmaking making it easier for amateur filmmakers to produce", "title": "Science fiction film" }, { "id": "15873216", "text": "meet in person and rekindle their relationship with a kiss. \"Ready Player One\" was a \"New York Times\" bestseller. Among those praising the book were \"Entertainment Weekly\", \"The Boston Globe\", \"The A.V. Club\", CNN.com, io9, and \"Boing Boing\". \"USA Today\" wrote that the novel \"undoubtedly qualifies Cline as the hottest geek on the planet right now.\" NPR said that the book was \"ridiculously fun and large-hearted\". Cline \"takes a far-out premise and engages the reader instantly\" with a \"deeply felt narrative [that] makes it almost impossible to stop turning the pages.\" Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" wrote that", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "18683130", "text": "Player One\"; as a replacement, the creative team had the players play through the events of \"The Shining\", which Spielberg was able to secure the rights to as an homage to his friend Stanley Kubrick. While Cline's original work heavily used the character of Ultraman, the rights over the character were still under legal dispute, requiring them to replace Ultraman with the titular robot from \"The Iron Giant\" and RX-78-2 Gundam. Spielberg recognized that his past films were a significant part of the 1980s popular culture cited in the book, and to avoid being accused of \"vanity\", he opted to", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683119", "text": "Morrow signed to turn over his part of Gregarious and refuses. Anorak changes form, becomes Halliday, and reveals that the contract was the final test to make sure Parzival would not make the same mistakes he did. Parzival is given the Golden Egg and control of OASIS. In the real world, Sorrento and Zandor fail to stop Parzival before he wins; they are quickly arrested for the bombing. Morrow, revealed to have been the Curator, offers his services to Wade; he gladly accepts. Wade decides to run OASIS with the other High Five, agreeing to ban IOI from forcing people", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683116", "text": "life, including his unrequited love for Morrow’s wife Kira and losing Morrow as a friend after forcing him to sign away his part of Gregarious Games. Using this information, they solve the first two challenges of Anorak's game: a car race across an ever-shifting Manhattan cityscape and a search for Kira in the Overlook Hotel from \"The Shining\". Aech and his friends Daito and Sho follow suit, the group becoming known as the \"High Five\" on the OASIS scoreboards. Sorrento learns of Parzival's identity through OASIS mercenary i-R0k, and attempts to sway Wade into joining IOI, but he refuses. In", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "18683139", "text": "country. In its fourth weekend in China, it grossed $8.24 million finishing third at the box office and has a total gross of $207 million. It grossed $23 million overseas from 67 territories in its fourth weekend. It opened in Japan, its final major market and grossed $4.4 million. In its fifth weekend overseas, it grossed $8.6 million from 63 territories. In China, the weekend was $2.4M to push it past \"Avatar\" as the no. 9 Hollywood title ever in the market with $213.8M (RMB 1.34B). Japan's third frame held well during Golden Week with just a 6% drop from", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "9080897", "text": "for commercial development. According to the Franklinton Area Commission: The neighborhood appeared on the FX television show \"30 Days\" when the series did a show on living on the minimum wage. This is likely because of the poverty suffered in The Bottoms. The neighborhood is generally working class. The Steven Spielberg/Warner Brothers movie \"Ready Player One\" released in 2018 is set in The Bottoms. The movie is set in the year 2044 where people live in trailers stacked on top of each other forming high towers. Crime can be very high in the Bottoms, as it is in most of", "title": "The Bottoms" }, { "id": "5912896", "text": "first big part. She lost out for roles in \"The Player\" (1992), \"Dracula\" (1992) and \"Goldeneye\" (1995). She has one son, Aleksander (b. 1987), with former husband Jan Chmielewski. Her first daughter, Koko Claire Figura-Schoenhals, was born 24 October 2002 in New York, USA. Her second daughter, Kashmir Amber, was born 27 February 2005 in Warsaw, Poland. Katarzyna Figura Katarzyna Figura (born 22 March 1962) is a Polish actress. She is sometimes billed as \"Kasia Figura\", as in \"Prêt-à-Porter\"(\"Ready to Wear\"), Robert Altman's 1994 film. Figura was born in Warsaw, Poland. She graduated from the National Academy of Dramatic Art", "title": "Katarzyna Figura" }, { "id": "18683142", "text": "supporting characters, he felt that they ultimately do not hinder the film from working \"on the level of technical, blockbuster mastery that Spielberg helped define\". Writing for \"Variety\", Owen Gleiberman called the film a \"coruscating explosion of pop-culture eye candy\", and found the sequence based on \"The Shining\" to be \"irresistible\". However, he also criticized Spielberg's dichotomization of fantasy and reality, as well as the film having \"more activity than it does layers\". \"IndieWire\"s Eric Kohn characterized the film as \"an astonishing sci-fi spectacle and a relentless nostalgia trip at once\" and praised both the sequence based on \"The Shining\"", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "15873209", "text": "lab accident. Wade escapes and moves to Columbus, Ohio, where he lies low, assuming the pseudonym Bryce Lynch and living in an anonymous apartment designed for hardcore OASIS users. He considers an alliance with Aech, Art3mis, and Daito and Shoto, two Japanese gunters who have also earned the Copper Key. Instead, he and Art3mis begin a wary friendship, but when he asks her out, Art3mis declines. IOI operatives, called Sixers, attempt to assassinate Wade and Art3mis at the birthday party of OASIS co-founder Ogden Morrow. They are stopped by Morrow, who has special privileges and powers within the OASIS. Art3mis", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "3464945", "text": "\"Ready Player One\", replacing Ultraman from the book due to licensing issues, where he fights alongside the RX-78-2 Gundam against Mechagodzilla. A remastered and extended cut of the film, named the \"Signature Edition\", was shown in one-off screenings across the United States and Canada on September 30, 2015, and October 4, 2015. The edition is approximately two minutes longer than the original cut, and features a brief scene with Annie and Dean and the sequence of the Giant's dream. Both scenes were storyboarded by Bird during the production on the original film but never finished due to time and budget", "title": "The Iron Giant" }, { "id": "9417459", "text": "to write the film version of his novel \"Armada\". In 2016, Cline wrote an episode for the 14th season of the web show \"Red vs. Blue\". The episode, titled \"Mr. Red vs. Mr. Blue\", was a parody of the 1992 film \"Reservoir Dogs\". In June 2010, Cline sold his first novel, \"Ready Player One\", in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House). The film rights to the novel were sold the following day, to Warner Bros., with Cline co-writing the screenplay. Ten months later, with the hardcover release coinciding with the paperback release, Cline", "title": "Ernest Cline" }, { "id": "20300312", "text": "French 75 to create his first co-produced venture which aired on BBC Points West and ITV News . It was also sent to the Sundance Film Festival. In summer 2016 Potter was brought on board to Steven Spielberg's \"Ready Player One\" to work as part of the second team as a stand-in/double for Tye Sheridan, working with main unit on the live-action segments of the film. He was also cast as Leonard in , a film based upon the friendly \"invasion\" of Norfolk by the USAF in WW2 and was invited to attend the 73rd Venice International Film Festival. In", "title": "Guy Potter" }, { "id": "6225006", "text": "Carrey will be playing the role of Dr. Eggman, James Marsden will play a police officer named Tom Wachowski, while Tika Sumpter and Natasha Rothwell are currently in unannounced roles. Ben Schwartz will voice Sonic in the upcoming film. Sonic, Tails and Eggman appear in the 2012 Disney animated film \"Wreck-It Ralph\". In the movie, Sonic has a small speaking role and Tails briefly appears as an image, while Eggman makes a non-speaking appearance. Sonic also has a small cameo in the 2018 film \"Ready Player One\" as a character avatar, and will return in the 2018 sequel to \"Wreck-It", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog" }, { "id": "12046140", "text": "Rooney Mara Patricia Rooney Mara ( ; born April 17, 1985) is an American actress. She began her career playing supporting roles in several independent films, including the coming-of-age drama film \"Tanner Hall\" (2009), before starring as Nancy Holbrook in the 2010 remake of \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\" and as Erica Albright in the biographical drama film \"The Social Network\" (2010). In 2011, Mara had a career breakthrough when she portrayed Lisbeth Salander, the title character in David Fincher's \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\", based on Stieg Larsson's \"Millennium\" book series. She received critical acclaim for her performance", "title": "Rooney Mara" }, { "id": "4204708", "text": "of Mechagodzilla has appeared in other media associated with the series, such as video games, television shows or comics. In the 5th-season episode of \"30 Rock\", \"Chain Reaction of Mental Anguish\", Kiryu appears as one of the characters in a theme restaurant. In Ernest Cline's novel \"Ready Player One\" and its film adaptation, the main antagonist controls a full size Mechagodzilla replica during the climatic battle in a virtual reality environment. In the book, it is the Kiryu model that fights against Ultraman. In the movie, it is an original design that fights against the Iron Giant and the RX-78-2", "title": "Mechagodzilla" }, { "id": "11822747", "text": "actors involved a year-long process with open castings held all over Sweden. In the end, the 11-year-olds Kåre Hedebrant and Lina Leandersson were chosen for the leading roles. They were subsequently commended by both Alfredson and film reviewers for their performances. The film received critical acclaim and won several awards, including the \"Founders Award for Best Narrative Feature\" at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival and the European Fantastic Film Festivals Federation's 2008 Méliès d'Or (Golden Méliès) for the \"Best European Fantastic Feature Film\", as well as four Guldbagge Awards from the Swedish Film Institute and the Saturn Award for Best", "title": "Let the Right One In (film)" }, { "id": "16549640", "text": "Priyanka Chopra was initially reported to be in talks for the female lead. Later, Asin's name was suggested along with Chopra. It was reported that Deepika Padukone was also approached. Padukone denied her involvement in the film. More than a week after the film's release, model-turned-actress Evelyn Sharma claimed that she auditioned for the role and eventually landed the role but opted out of it due to language barrier. Samantha Ruth Prabhu was then signed on, but was forced to opt out citing date issues and health problem as the reasons. The role finally went to Amy Jackson, who was", "title": "I (film)" }, { "id": "18683127", "text": "new footage indistinguishable from the original film. ILM also had to faithfully produce digital recreations of several of the cultural references that appear throughout the film, including the DeLorean time machine, the Iron Giant, Chucky, and King Kong that was modeled after the 1933 version of the character. The \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" from \"Jurassic Park\" was also recreated using the same base model that ILM had previously created during the original film production. \"Ready Player One\", as in the book, pays homage to popular culture from various time periods, mainly the 1970s and 1980s but also extending to the 1990s, 2000s,", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "15873206", "text": "announcement, when he discovers one of the three keys which unlock three successive gates leading to the treasure. Teenager Wade Watts lives with his aunt in Oklahoma City in the \"stacks\", a poverty-stricken district constructed of trailer homes piled on top of each other. He spends his spare time as a \"gunter\" (\"egg hunter\"), logging on to the OASIS as an avatar under the moniker Parzival, reading Halliday's journal \"Anorak's Almanac\", and researching details of the 1980s pop culture, mainly classic video games and movies, that Halliday loved. One day, he realizes that the first key is located on Ludus,", "title": "Ready Player One" }, { "id": "18441051", "text": "New York Times\" bestseller list. \"The Wall Street Journal\" called the novel, \"the best pure sci-fi novel in years\". It was made into a film starring Matt Damon and Jessica Chastain, which was released October 2, 2015. A fan-fiction story written by Weir, \"Lacero\", was published in the 2016 edition of \"Ready Player One\", making it canonical to the book's fictional universe. The work functions as a prequel to the main novel. In 2015 Weir announced he was working on his second novel, provisionally titled \"Zhek\", which he described as \"a more traditional sci-fi novel with aliens, telepathy, faster-than-light travel,", "title": "Andy Weir" }, { "id": "20549694", "text": "film. In October 2016, Hannah sent the finished script, titled \"The Post\", out to agents, with the hope of finding representation. On October 28, she received a call from producer Amy Pascal, the former chair of Sony Pictures. The script appeared at number two on the 2016 Black List, an annual Hollywood survey of the 'most liked' film screenplays not yet produced. Pascal won an auction for the script soon after, and quickly enlisted Steven Spielberg, Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks as director and stars, respectively. Spielberg, who was in post-production on \"Ready Player One\", decided to make the film", "title": "Liz Hannah" }, { "id": "18683128", "text": "and 2010s; reviewers have identified well over a hundred references to films, television shows, music, toys, video games, anime and comics from these eras. Cline did not have any issues with these copyrighted elements when he published the book, but was aware that securing all necessary rights would be a major obstacle for a film adaptation. This task was eventually made easier thanks to Spielberg's reputation in the film industry. Spielberg and producer Kristie Macosko Krieger spent several years securing the rights for the copyrighted elements used in the film long before filming began, knowing that some scenes would not", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "8318575", "text": "the Sinclair ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64. The game's plot separated the two characters and had Edison Carter avoiding criminals armed with guns, while rescuing Max from the office block. That same year, Art of Noise featured Max Headroom in their \"Paranoimia\" single. In the 2011 science-fiction novel, \"Ready Player One\", the main character uses an upgraded version of the Max Headroom AI as his home automation software. In Eminem's 2013 music video for the song \"Rap God\", Eminem appears several times dressed as Max Headroom. The 2015 movie release Pixels (2015 film), cameos Max Headroom voiced again by original", "title": "Max Headroom (character)" }, { "id": "19531903", "text": "movie reviews, writing on subjects as varied as \"BlacKkKlansman\" as 2018's \"Ready Player One\" She has also compiled the \"One Hundred Years of Must-See Films\" movies index F. Scott Fitzgerald award nomination for Best American Essays and a Pushcart Award. For \"Azadi\" published by Belfond in 2015, Ms. Pakravan earned the following French awards: Prix de la Closerie des Lilas, 2015 (France), Prix du roman Marie-Claire, 2015 (France), Prix Atouts-Sud, 2015 (France), Prix LirEnThelle, 2015 (France) Saïdeh Pakravan Saïdeh Pakravan, born in Iran in a French-speaking family, is a French-American author of fiction and non-fiction, a poet, film critic, and", "title": "Saïdeh Pakravan" }, { "id": "11822770", "text": "as much as necessary, but the origin has to be natural\". Sundström designed the soundscape to come as close to the actors as possible, with audible heartbeats, breathing, and swallowing. Late in production it was also decided to overdub actress Lina Leandersson's voice with a less feminine one, to underline the backstory. \"She's 200 years old, not twelve. We needed that incongruity. Besides, it makes her menacing\", Sundström said. Both men and women up to the age of forty auditioned for the role. After a vote, the film team ended up selecting Elif Ceylan, who provides all of Eli's spoken", "title": "Let the Right One In (film)" }, { "id": "3175964", "text": "or Television Film and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. In 1997, she won the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actress for her role in \"Ulee's Gold\". She is known for her role as Erin Hardesty in \"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre\" (2003). Biel has since starred in many films, including \"The Rules of Attraction\" (2002), \"\" (2004), \"Stealth\" (2005), \"The Illusionist\" (2006), \"The A-Team\" (2010) and \"Total Recall\" (2012). Biel was born on March 3, 1982, in Ely, Minnesota, to Kimberly (née Conroe),", "title": "Jessica Biel" }, { "id": "9269028", "text": "Facebook that she would be guest starring in \"The Fosters\". In 2015, she was cast in a voice role in the Disney Channel animated series \"The Lion Guard\" and its television movie precursor \"The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar\". Madison Pettis Madison Michelle Pettis (born July 22, 1998) is an American actress, voice actress and model. She is known for her roles as Sophie Martinez on the Disney Channel comedy series \"Cory in the House\", as Peyton Kelly in the 2007 film \"The Game Plan\", and as Allie Brookes in the 2011 Canadian comedy series \"Life with Boys\". Madison", "title": "Madison Pettis" }, { "id": "3946825", "text": "Moira Kelly Moira Kelly (born March 6, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Kate Moseley in the 1992 film \"The Cutting Edge\", as well as single mother Karen Roe on the teen drama \"One Tree Hill\". She is also known for playing the role of Donna Hayward in \"\", replacing Lara Flynn Boyle in the prequel to the 1990 TV series \"Twin Peaks\". Other roles include Dorothy Day in \"\", White House media consultant Mandy Hampton in the first season of \"The West Wing\", and the voice of Simba's love interest Nala in \"The Lion", "title": "Moira Kelly" }, { "id": "13361756", "text": "Briana Lane Briana Lane (born October 27, 1985) is an American actress and musician. She is known for her recurring roles on NBC's \"The New Normal\", Freeform's \"Switched at Birth\"\", Freeform's \"Young & Hungry\"\" and her lead role in Disney's . In 2018, she guest starred in FOX's \"9-1-1\", CBS's \"NCIS\", Disney's \"Stuck in The Middle\" and Hulu's \"All Night.\" In January 2018, she starred in Lifetime's \"Blood, Sweat in Lies\" and will star in indie \"One Nation Under God\" opposite Caspar Van Dien and Kevin Sorbo this fall. Other notable roles include her lead role as Roxanne in Nerdist's", "title": "Briana Lane" }, { "id": "3454311", "text": "her the National Film Award for Best Actress. Chopra gained wider recognition for portraying a range of characters in the films \"Kaminey\" (2009), \"7 Khoon Maaf\" (2011), \"Barfi!\" (2012), \"Mary Kom\" (2014), and \"Bajirao Mastani\" (2015), and featured in the commercially successful sequels \"Don 2\" (2011) and \"Krrish 3\" (2013). From 2015 to 2018, she starred as Alex Parrish in the ABC thriller series \"Quantico\", becoming the first South Asian to headline an American network drama series. Chopra has since appeared in the Hollywood films \"Baywatch\" (2017) and \"A Kid Like Jake\" (2018). As a philanthropist, Chopra has worked with", "title": "Priyanka Chopra" }, { "id": "9269024", "text": "Madison Pettis Madison Michelle Pettis (born July 22, 1998) is an American actress, voice actress and model. She is known for her roles as Sophie Martinez on the Disney Channel comedy series \"Cory in the House\", as Peyton Kelly in the 2007 film \"The Game Plan\", and as Allie Brookes in the 2011 Canadian comedy series \"Life with Boys\". Madison Pettis was born on July 22, 1998 in Arlington, Texas to Steven and Michelle Pettis. Her father is African American and her mother is of Italian, French, and Irish descent. Pettis was first noticed when her mother entered into an", "title": "Madison Pettis" }, { "id": "15098139", "text": "Nargis Fakhri Nargis Fakhri (born October 20, 1979) is an American actress and model, who mainly appears in Hindi films. Her first role in film came with the 2011 blockbuster romantic drama \"Rockstar\", for which she received a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut nomination. She subsequently received praise for portraying a war correspondent in the political thriller \"Madras Cafe\" (2013), and achieved further success with starring roles in the highly successful comedies \"Main Tera Hero\" (2014), \"Spy\" (2015) and \"Housefull 3\" (2016), the second of which was a Hollywood production. Fakhri was born in Queens, New York, to Mohammed", "title": "Nargis Fakhri" }, { "id": "5676227", "text": "Kimberly Elise Kimberly Elise Trammel (born April 17, 1967), professionally known as Kimberly Elise, is an American film and television actress. She made her feature film debut in \"Set It Off\" (1996), and later received critical acclaim for her performance in \"Beloved\" (1998). During her career, Elise has appeared in films such as \"John Q.\" (2002), \"The Manchurian Candidate\" (2004), \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\" (2005), \"The Great Debaters\" (2007), \"For Colored Girls\" (2010), \"Dope\" (2015), \"Almost Christmas\" (2016) and \"Death Wish\" (2018). She received a nomination for Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead for her performance in", "title": "Kimberly Elise" }, { "id": "18011777", "text": "pilot was not picked up to series. She had recurring roles in \"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\" and \"Better Call Saul\". Later in 2017, Hebert Gregory was cast in a female leading role in the ABC comedy-drama \"Kevin (Probably) Saves the World\". Kimberly Hebert Gregory Kimberly Hébert Gregory (born December 7, 1973) is an American actress. She began her career in theatre before her breakthrough role as Dr. Belinda Brown in the HBO comedy series \"Vice Principals\" in 2016. Born Kimberly Hebert on December 7, 1973 the youngest of three. She graduated from The High School for the Performing and Visual Arts in", "title": "Kimberly Hebert Gregory" }, { "id": "3208454", "text": "stopped modelling after deciding to pursue a career in acting. Kruger became interested in acting and took lessons at the Cours Florent. She made her film debut in 2002, opposite Dennis Hopper and Christopher Lambert in \"The Piano Player\", a TV film by Jean-Pierre Roux. The same year, she also starred in her then husband's directorial début \"Mon Idole\". She played Julie Wood in 2003's \"Michel Valliant\" and Lisa in \"Wicker Park\" (2004), alongside Josh Hartnett and Rose Byrne. One of her more high-profile roles to date is her portrayal of Helen of Sparta in Wolfgang Petersen's epic \"Troy\". She", "title": "Diane Kruger" }, { "id": "5236076", "text": "Her other stage credits include the original Off-Broadway productions of \"Song of Singapore\" (1991) and \"Hello Again\" (1993), as well as the alternate to Bette Midler as the title character in \"Hello, Dolly!\" (2017–18). In 1997, she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children's Special for her role in \"Someone Had to be Benny\", an episode of the HBO series \"\". Her film roles include Anij in \"\" (1998); Rosalie Octavius in \"Spider-Man 2\" (2004); Mother Gothel in the animated film \"Tangled\" (2010), and one of the government secretaries in \"The Bourne Legacy\" (2012). Murphy, the", "title": "Donna Murphy" }, { "id": "20949906", "text": "Levy Tran Vy Le Tran (born April 08, 1983), professionally known as Levy Tran, is an American actress and model, primarily known for her role as Roenick in the 2018 film \"The First Purge\", the guest hostess to MTV's \"Guy Code\", for her appearance as the race starter in the 2015 film \"Furious 7\", and as a tattooed model. Vy Le Tran was born April 08, 1983 in San Jose, California to Vietnamese parents. She can speak English and Vietnamese After she graduated from high school, she received a Bachelor’s Degree in Child and Adolescent Development while minoring in Mathematics.", "title": "Levy Tran" }, { "id": "5613624", "text": "makes life miserable for the teen daughters of her new husband. Banks based her character, Rachel, on Rebecca De Mornay's character in \"The Hand That Rocks the Cradle\". \"It was very important to me that every line reading I gave could be interpreted two ways,\" says Banks of her role, \"So that when you go back through the movie you can see that\". Banks is a frequent co-star of actor Paul Rudd, the two having appeared in five films together to date (\"Wet Hot American Summer\", \"The Baxter\", \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\", \"Role Models\", and \"Our Idiot Brother\"). She is also", "title": "Elizabeth Banks" }, { "id": "3436856", "text": "Joely Richardson Joely Kim Richardson (born 9 January 1965) is an English actress, known for her role as Julia McNamara in the FX drama series \"Nip/Tuck\" (2003–10), and Queen Catherine Parr in the Showtime series \"The Tudors\" (2010). She has also appeared in films such as \"101 Dalmatians\" (1996), \"Event Horizon\" (1997), \"The Patriot\" (2000), \"Return to Me\" (2000), \"Anonymous\" (2011), the Hollywood film adaptation \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" (2011), and the remake of \"Endless Love\" (2014). Richardson was born in Marylebone, London, to the theatrical Redgrave family, the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and director Tony Richardson,", "title": "Joely Richardson" }, { "id": "9003709", "text": "One\" and \"Ready For Love\" have been used on episodes of two daytime dramas, the NBC TV series \"Passions\" and the ABC TV series \"One Life to Live\", respectively. \"We Are One\" was also featured on the NBC series \"Las Vegas\" in the spring of 2007. Sweet opened for Paul Simon on tour in July and October 2006, and her debut album, \"We Are One\", was released by the Razor and Tie label on March 6, 2007. Sweet was the highest-charting indie label artist at the AC format in 2007 with airplay audience well exceeding 80 million. Remixes for Sweet's", "title": "Kelly Sweet" }, { "id": "18683145", "text": "film, stating that \"I don't think Spielberg gets enough credit for making sad films that most people interpret as happy, and complex films that are immediately dismissed as simple or confused\". Seitz concluded that the film \"is a mess, but it is a fascinating and complex one...\" Cline is working on a sequel to the novel. For a sequel to the film, he stated, \"[...] I think there's a good chance that, if this one does well, Warner Bros. will want to make a sequel. I don't know if Steven [Spielberg] would want to dive back in, because he would", "title": "Ready Player One (film)" }, { "id": "17269330", "text": "Aiysha Hart Aiysha Hart (born 8 August 1990) is an actress and screenwriter best known for her leading roles as Ariadne in the BBC drama series \"Atlantis\", Mona in independent thriller \"Honour\", and Polaire in upcoming film \"Colette\". She also plays DC Sam Railston in \"Line of Duty\". In September 2017, it was announced that she'd been cast as Miriam in Sky One's adaptation of \"A Discovery of Witches\". Hart has mixed parentage; British and Saudi. She grew up in Saudi Arabia, Berkshire, and Surrey. She graduated with First Class Honours in English Literature from King's College London before attending", "title": "Aiysha Hart" }, { "id": "9417458", "text": "Chris Marquette, Dan Fogler, Jay Baruchel, and Kristen Bell as the main characters. \"Fanboys\" was released on February 6, 2009. Also in the summer of 2008, Lakeshore Entertainment announced that they would be producing Cline's screenplay, \"Thundercade\". \"Thundercade\" follows the story of a video game junkie in his mid-30s who learns that a young gamer has beaten a record he set when he was a teenager and who then travels with his friends to the world's largest gaming championship, Thundercade, to restore his former glory. Cline co-wrote the film adaptation of his novel, \"Ready Player One\", and has been hired", "title": "Ernest Cline" }, { "id": "1345850", "text": "Mae Whitman Mae Margaret Whitman (born June 9, 1988) is an American actress and singer. After making her film debut in \"When a Man Loves a Woman\" (1994), she had other supporting roles in films such as \"One Fine Day\" (1996), \"Independence Day\" (1996), and \"Hope Floats\" (1998). Thereafter, Whitman ventured into television, with her most notable roles including Ann Veal on the Fox sitcom \"Arrested Development\" (2004–2013) and Amber Holt on the NBC drama \"Parenthood\" (2010–2015). She also had supporting roles in the films \"Scott Pilgrim vs. the World\" (2010) and \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012). Whitman", "title": "Mae Whitman" }, { "id": "17721223", "text": "Gina Rodriguez Gina Alexis Rodriguez (born July 30, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her starring role as Jane Villanueva in The CW comedy-drama series \"Jane the Virgin\" (2014–present), for which she has received three Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy, winning once, in 2015. Rodriguez began her career in theater productions and made her screen debut in an episode of \"Law & Order\". Her breakthrough came in 2012, in the independent musical-drama film \"Filly Brown\". She has gone on to star in the disaster drama film \"Deepwater Horizon\"", "title": "Gina Rodriguez" }, { "id": "20983956", "text": "Paige Bailey-Gayle Paige Bailey-Gayle (born 12 November 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Arsenal. Bailey-Gayle started her senior career with Arsenal. She was promoted into the club's first-team squad in November 2018 under manager Joe Montemurro, with the forward making her professional debut on 18 November during a 0–4 win away to Everton at Haig Avenue. Bailey-Gayle represented England at U17 level. She was called up for the 2018 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship in Lithuania, having previously won four caps in qualifying; in the tournament proper, Bailey-Gayle featured four further times as England finished", "title": "Paige Bailey-Gayle" }, { "id": "3009956", "text": "bike from the film, Kaneda's Motorbike, appears in \"Steven Spielberg\"'s film \"Ready Player One\", and CD Projekt's video game \"Cyberpunk 2077\". \"\" video game developer Eidos Montréal also paid homage to the film's poster. When Tokyo was chosen to host the 2020 Summer Olympics in the 2013 bidding process, several commentators claimed that \"Akira\" predicted the future event. \"Akira\" was one of the four nominees for the 2007 American Anime Awards' \"Best Anime Feature\" award, but it lost to \"\". Johnny Yong Bosch, Kaneda's voice actor in the Pioneer English dub, was nominated for Best Actor and Best Actor in", "title": "Akira (1988 film)" } ]

[ "cerebrum" ]

[ { "id": "2708407", "text": "Human brain The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into two", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708513", "text": "primates. Human brain The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708427", "text": "the largest cells (by size of cell body) in the nervous system. The adult human brain is estimated to contain 86±8 billion neurons, with a roughly equal number (85±10 billion) of non-neuronal cells. Out of these neurons, 16 billion (19%) are located in the cerebral cortex, and 69 billion (80%) are in the cerebellum. Types of glial cell are astrocytes (including Bergmann glia), oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells (including tanycytes), radial glial cells and microglia. Astrocytes are the largest of the glial cells. They are stellate cells with many processes radiating from their cell bodies. Some of these processes end as perivascular", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708416", "text": "is the outermost membrane of the cortex. The living brain is very soft, having a gel-like consistency similar to soft tofu. The cortical layers of neurons constitute much of the brain's grey matter, while the deeper subcortical regions of myelinated axons, make up the white matter. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, and is divided into nearly symmetrical left and right hemispheres by a deep groove, the longitudinal fissure. The outer part of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, made up of grey matter arranged in layers. It is thick, and deeply folded to give a", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "9977917", "text": "Paleocortex In anatomy of animals, the paleopallium or paleocortex is a region within the telencephalon in the brain which is younger in an evolutionary sense (i.e. phylogenetically) than archicortex (or archipallium), but phylogenetically older than neocortex (or neopallium). Paleocortex (or paleopallium) and the archicortex (or the archipallium, which is a synonym) of the cerebral cortex together constitute the allocortex or the heterogenetic cortex. The distinction for what is called neocortex or isocortex, which comprises most of the human brain (about 90%), is made from the number of cellular layers that comprise the structure. Neocortical tissue comprises six distinct cell layers,", "title": "Paleocortex" }, { "id": "44888", "text": "Brain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "2708421", "text": "fluid is produced and circulated. Below the corpus callosum is the septum pellucidum, a membrane that separates the lateral ventricles. Beneath the lateral ventricles is the thalamus and to the front and below this is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus leads on to the pituitary gland. At the back of the thalamus is the brainstem. The basal ganglia, also called basal nuclei, are a set of structures deep within the hemispheres involved in behaviour and movement regulation. The largest component is the striatum, others are the globus pallidus, the substantia nigra and the subthalamic nucleus. Part of the dorsal striatum, the", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708414", "text": "variation. Neurological differences between the sexes have not been shown to correlate in any simple way with IQ or other measures of cognitive performance. The cerebrum, consisting of the cerebral hemispheres, forms the largest part of the brain and is situated above the other brain structures. The outer region of the hemispheres, the cerebral cortex, is grey matter, consisting of cortical layers of neurons. Each hemisphere is divided into four main lobes, although Terminologia Anatomica (1998) and Terminologia Neuroanatomica (2017) also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe. The brainstem, resembling a stalk, attaches to", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708425", "text": "although debate exists as to its cognitive, behavioural and motor functions. The brainstem lies beneath the cerebrum and consists of the midbrain, pons and medulla. It lies in the back part of the skull, resting on the part of the base known as the clivus, and ends at the foramen magnum, a large opening in the occipital bone. The brainstem continues below this as the spinal cord, protected by the vertebral column. Ten of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves emerge directly from the brainstem. The brainstem also contains many cranial nerve nuclei and nuclei of peripheral nerves, as well", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2700139", "text": "cerebellum, the cerebrum controls all voluntary actions in the body. The Latin word cerebrum comes . The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. Depending upon the position of the animal it lies either in front or on top of the brainstem. In humans, the cerebrum is the largest and best-developed of the five major divisions of the brain. The cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices, (the outer layers of grey matter), and the underlying regions of white matter. Its subcortical structures include the hippocampus, basal ganglia and olfactory bulb. The cerebrum consists", "title": "Cerebrum" }, { "id": "2708417", "text": "convoluted appearance. Beneath the cortex is the white matter of the brain. The largest part of the cerebral cortex is the neocortex, which has six neuronal layers. The rest of the cortex is of allocortex, which has three or four layers. The hemispheres are connected by five commissures that span the longitudinal fissure, the largest of these is the corpus callosum. The surface of the brain is folded into ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci), many of which are named, usually according to their position, such as the frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe or the central sulcus separating the central", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708410", "text": "produced and circulated. Underneath the cerebral cortex are several important structures, including the thalamus, the epithalamus, the pineal gland, the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the subthalamus; the limbic structures, including the amygdala and the hippocampus; the claustrum, the various nuclei of the basal ganglia; the basal forebrain structures, and the three circumventricular organs. The cells of the brain include neurons and supportive glial cells. There are more than 86 billion neurons in the brain, and a more or less equal number of other cells. Brain activity is made possible by the interconnections of neurons and their release of neurotransmitters", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708511", "text": "of an intracranial aneurysm. The human brain has many properties that are common to all vertebrate brains. Many of its features are common to all mammalian brains, most notably a six-layered cerebral cortex and a set of associated structures, including the hippocampus and amygdala. The cortex is proportionally larger in greater mammals and humans than many other mammals. Humans have more association cortex, sensory and motor parts than smaller mammals such as the rat and the cat. As a primate brain, the human brain has a much larger cerebral cortex, in proportion to body size, than most mammals, and a", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708426", "text": "as nuclei involved in the regulation of many essential processes including breathing, control of eye movements and balance. The reticular formation, a network of nuclei of ill-defined formation, is present within and along the length of the brainstem. Many nerve tracts, which transmit information to and from the cerebral cortex to the rest of the body, pass through the brainstem. The human brain is primarily composed of neurons, glial cells, neural stem cells, and blood vessels. Types of neuron include interneurons, pyramidal cells including Betz cells, motor neurons (upper and lower motor neurons), and cerebellar Purkinje cells. Betz cells are", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708408", "text": "cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter. The cortex is split into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, while the allocortex has three or four. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought, while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708415", "text": "and leaves the cerebrum at the start of the midbrain area. The brainstem includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. Behind the brainstem is the cerebellum (). The cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord are covered by three membranes called meninges. The membranes are the tough dura mater; the middle arachnoid mater and the more delicate inner pia mater. Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is the subarachnoid space, which contains the cerebrospinal fluid. In the cerebral cortex, close to the basement membrane of the pia mater, is a limiting membrane called the glia limitans; this", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "1777350", "text": "Brainstem The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord. In the human brain the brainstem includes the midbrain, and the pons and medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. Sometimes the diencephalon, the caudal part of the forebrain, is included. The brainstem provides the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves, ten pairs come from the brainstem. The brainstem is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from", "title": "Brainstem" }, { "id": "1936885", "text": "Corpus callosum The corpus callosum (Latin for \"tough body\"), also callosal commissure, is a wide, thick, nerve tract consisting of a flat bundle of commissural fibers, beneath the cerebral cortex in the brain. The corpus callosum is only found in placental mammals. It spans part of the longitudinal fissure, connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, enabling communication between them. It is the largest white matter structure in the human brain, about ten centimetres in length and consisting of 200–300 million axonal projections. A number of separate nerve tracts, classed as subregions, of the corpus callosum connect different parts of", "title": "Corpus callosum" }, { "id": "2700138", "text": "Cerebrum The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In the human brain, the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central nervous system. The prosencephalon is the embryonic structure from which the cerebrum develops prenatally. In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, becomes the basal ganglia. The cerebrum is also divided into approximately symmetric left and right cerebral hemispheres. With the assistance of the", "title": "Cerebrum" }, { "id": "44907", "text": "vessels enter the central nervous system through holes in the meningeal layers. The cells in the blood vessel walls are joined tightly to one another, forming the blood–brain barrier, which blocks the passage of many toxins and pathogens (though at the same time blocking antibodies and some drugs, thereby presenting special challenges in treatment of diseases of the brain). Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "44916", "text": "the groove merge to enclose the neural tube, a hollow cord of cells with a fluid-filled ventricle at the center. At the front end, the ventricles and cord swell to form three vesicles that are the precursors of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. At the next stage, the forebrain splits into two vesicles called the telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon (which will contain the thalamus and hypothalamus). At about the same time, the hindbrain splits into the metencephalon (which will contain the cerebellum and pons) and the myelencephalon (which will", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "2708424", "text": "the cranial cavity, lying beneath the occipital lobes, and is separated from these by the cerebellar tentorium, a sheet of fibre. It is connected to the midbrain of the brainstem by the superior cerebellar peduncles, to the pons by the middle cerebellar peduncles, and to the medulla by the inferior cerebellar peduncles. The cerebellum consists of an inner medulla of white matter and an outer cortex of richly folded grey matter. The cerebellum's anterior and posterior lobes appear to play a role in the coordination and smoothing of complex motor movements, and the flocculonodular lobe in the maintenance of balance", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "11310957", "text": "place during 24 and 32 weeks of gestation. Cortical white matter increases from childhood (~9 years) to adolescence (~14 years), most notably in the frontal and parietal cortices. Cortical grey matter development peaks at ~12 years of age in the frontal and parietal cortices, and 17 years in the temporal lobes (with the superior temporal cortex being last to mature) for women and they have reached full maturity at age 16-17. For men, they become fully mature at age 18. In terms of grey matter loss, the sensory and motor regions mature first, followed by other cortical regions. Human brain", "title": "Development of the human brain" }, { "id": "2708442", "text": "basal ganglia, and related structures. The diencephalon gives rise to the thalamus and hypothalamus. The hindbrain also splits into two areas – the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The metencephalon gives rise to the cerebellum and pons. The myelencephalon gives rise to the medulla oblongata. Also during the fifth week, the brain divides into repeating segments called neuromeres. These are known as rhombomeres seen in the hindbrain. A characteristic of the brain is gyrification (wrinkling of the cortex). In the womb, the cortex starts off as smooth but starts to form fissures that begin to mark out the different lobes of", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2696611", "text": "Forebrain In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the forebrain or prosencephalon is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain. The forebrain (prosencephalon), the midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon) are the three primary portions of the brain during early development of the central nervous system. It controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and any display of emotions. At the five-vesicle stage, the forebrain separates into the diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, and pretectum) and the telencephalon which develops into the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of the cerebral cortex, underlying white matter, and the basal ganglia. By 5 weeks", "title": "Forebrain" }, { "id": "2708420", "text": "input from the sensory areas and lower parts of the brain and are involved in the complex cognitive processes of perception, thought, and decision-making. The main functions of the frontal lobe are to control attention, abstract thinking, behaviour, problem solving tasks, and physical reactions and personality. The occipital lobe is the smallest lobe; its main functions are visual reception, visual-spatial processing, movement, and colour recognition. There is a smaller occipital lobule in the lobe known as the cuneus. The temporal lobe controls auditory and visual memories, language, and some hearing and speech. The cerebrum contains the ventricles where the cerebrospinal", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "44970", "text": "the tanning of their own hides. Brain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "12023644", "text": "the structures responsible for basic behaviors. A long term human study comparing the human brain to the primitive brain found that the modern human brain contains the primitive hindbrain region – what most neuroscientists call the protoreptilian brain. The purpose of this part of the brain is to sustain fundamental homeostatic functions. The pons and medulla are major structures found there. A new region of the brain developed in mammals about 250 million years after the appearance of the hindbrain. This region is known as the paleomammalian brain, the major parts of which are the hippocampi and amygdalas, often referred", "title": "Evolution of the brain" }, { "id": "2708446", "text": "area. The hands and mouth have a much larger area dedicated to them than other body parts, allowing finer movement; this has been visualised in a motor cortical homunculus. Impulses generated from the motor cortex travel along the corticospinal tract along the front of the medulla and cross over (decussate) at the medullary pyramids. These then travel down the spinal cord, with most connecting to interneurons, in turn connecting to lower motor neurons within the grey matter that then transmit the impulse to move to muscles themselves. The cerebellum and basal ganglia, play a role in fine, complex and coordinated", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2700400", "text": "Neocortex The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language. The neocortex is further subdivided into the true isocortex and the proisocortex. In the human brain, the neocortex is the largest part of the cerebral cortex which is the outer layer of the cerebrum, with the allocortex making up the rest. The neocortex is made up of six layers, labelled from the outermost inwards, I to VI. Of all the mammals studied to date (including humans),", "title": "Neocortex" }, { "id": "2708501", "text": "traditionally attributed to Hippocrates, believed the brain to be the seat of intelligence. Aristotle, in his biology initially believed the heart to be the seat of intelligence, and saw the brain as a cooling mechanism for the blood. He reasoned that humans are more rational than the beasts because, among other reasons, they have a larger brain to cool their hot-bloodedness. Aristotle did describe the meninges and distinguished between the cerebrum and cerebellum. Herophilus of Chalcedon in the fourth and third centuries BC distinguished the cerebrum and the cerebellum, and provided the first clear description of the ventricles; and with", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "12023648", "text": "change is called the cerebrum, or neocortex. In reptiles and fish, this area is called the pallium, and is smaller and simpler relative to body mass than what is found in mammals. According to research, the cerebrum first developed about 200 million years ago. It's responsible for higher cognitive functions - for example, language, thinking, and related forms of information processing. It's also responsible for processing sensory input (together with the thalamus, a part of the limbic system that acts as an information router). Most of its function is subconscious, that is, not available for inspection or intervention by the", "title": "Evolution of the brain" }, { "id": "2708465", "text": "and lateral prefrontal cortex, appeared to be involved in generating the emotions, while weaker evidence was found for the ventral tegmental area, ventral pallidum and nucleus accumbens in incentive salience. Others, however, have found evidence of activation of specific regions, such as the basal ganglia in happiness, the subcallosal cingulate cortex in sadness, and amygdala in fear. The brain is responsible for cognition, which functions through numerous processes and executive functions. Executive functions include the ability to filter information and tune out irrelevant stimuli with attentional control and cognitive inhibition, the ability to process and manipulate information held in working", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "91131", "text": "been shown by the use of medical imaging techniques such as fMRI and PET. The body of the cerebellum holds more neurons than any other structure of the brain including that of the larger cerebrum (or cerebral hemispheres), but is also more extensively understood than other structures of the brain, and includes fewer types of different neurons. It handles and processes sensory stimuli, motor information as well as balance information from the vestibular organ. The two structures of the diencephalon worth noting are the thalamus and the hypothalamus. The thalamus acts as a linkage between incoming pathways from the peripheral", "title": "Central nervous system" }, { "id": "2708512", "text": "highly developed visual system. As a hominid brain, the human brain is substantially enlarged even in comparison to the brain of a typical monkey. The sequence of human evolution from \"Australopithecus\" (four million years ago) to \"Homo sapiens\" (modern humans) was marked by a steady increase in brain size. As brain size increased, this altered the size and shape of the skull, from about 600 cm in \"Homo habilis\" to an average of about 1520 cm in \"Homo neanderthalensis\". Differences in DNA, gene expression, and gene–environment interactions help explain the differences between the function of the human brain and other", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "608135", "text": "newly generated in the adult brain, initiating the organization of new cerebellar lobules. Cerebellar granule cells, in contrast to Purkinje cells, are among the smallest neurons in the brain. They are also easily the most numerous neurons in the brain: In humans, estimates of their total number average around 50 billion, which means that about 3/4 of the brain's neurons are cerebellar granule cells. Their cell bodies are packed into a thick layer at the bottom of the cerebellar cortex. A granule cell emits only four to five dendrites, each of which ends in an enlargement called a \"dendritic claw\".", "title": "Cerebellum" }, { "id": "44936", "text": "pattern generators for rhythmic movements such as walking or swimming. The descending connections from the brain allow for more sophisticated control. The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coordinating movements of the arms and legs. At a higher level yet is the primary motor cortex, a strip of tissue located at the posterior edge", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "44914", "text": "for primates than for other species, and an especially large fraction of the human brain. The brain develops in an intricately orchestrated sequence of stages. It changes in shape from a simple swelling at the front of the nerve cord in the earliest embryonic stages, to a complex array of areas and connections. Neurons are created in special zones that contain stem cells, and then migrate through the tissue to reach their ultimate locations. Once neurons have positioned themselves, their axons sprout and navigate through the brain, branching and extending as they go, until the tips reach their targets and", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "1777351", "text": "the main part of the brain to the rest of the body pass through the brainstem. This includes the corticospinal tract (motor), the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway (fine touch, vibration sensation, and proprioception), and the spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature, itch, and crude touch). The brainstem also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function. It also regulates the central nervous system, and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle. The brainstem has many basic functions including heart rate, breathing, sleeping, and eating. The midbrain is divided into three parts: tectum, tegmentum, and the", "title": "Brainstem" }, { "id": "12023647", "text": "by wadding it up. The degree of convolution is generally greater in more evolved species, which benefit from the increased surface area. The cerebellum, or \"little brain,\" is behind the brainstem and below the occipital lobe of the cerebrum in humans. Its purposes include the coordination of fine sensorimotor tasks, and it may be involved in some cognitive functions, such as language. Human cerebellar cortex is finely convoluted, much more so than cerebral cortex. Its interior axon fiber tracts are called the \"arbor vitae\", or Tree of Life. The area of the brain with the greatest amount of recent evolutionary", "title": "Evolution of the brain" }, { "id": "2708423", "text": "producing the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, which is then distributed widely throughout the brain. The basal forebrain, in particular the nucleus basalis, is considered to be the major cholinergic output of the central nervous system to the striatum and neocortex. The cerebellum is divided into an anterior lobe, a posterior lobe, and the flocculonodular lobe. The anterior and posterior lobes are connected in the middle by the vermis. The cerebellum has a much thinner outer cortex that is narrowly furrowed horizontally. Viewed from underneath between the two lobes is the third lobe the flocculonodular lobe. The cerebellum rests at the back of", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2700152", "text": "and their therapsid ancestors. Cerebrum The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In the human brain, the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central nervous system. The prosencephalon is the embryonic structure from which the cerebrum develops prenatally. In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, becomes the basal ganglia. The cerebrum is also divided into approximately symmetric left and right cerebral hemispheres. With", "title": "Cerebrum" }, { "id": "2708445", "text": "action of muscles. The corticospinal tract carries movements from the brain, through the spinal cord, to the torso and limbs. The cranial nerves carry movements related to the eyes, mouth and face. Gross movement – such as locomotion and the movement of arms and legs – is generated in the motor cortex, divided into three parts: the primary motor cortex, found in the prefrontal gyrus and has sections dedicated to the movement of different body parts. These movements are supported and regulated by two other areas, lying anterior to the primary motor cortex: the premotor area and the supplementary motor", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "44911", "text": "In mammals, the pallium evolves into a complex six-layered structure called neocortex or \"isocortex\". Several areas at the edge of the neocortex, including the hippocampus and amygdala, are also much more extensively developed in mammals than in other vertebrates. The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of mammals contains a large portion (the", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "2708469", "text": "and large elaborate network systems such as the salience network and the default mode network, and the activity between them is driven by the process of neurotransmission. The brain consumes up to 20% of the energy used by the human body, more than any other organ. In humans, blood glucose is the primary source of energy for most cells and is critical for normal function in a number of tissues, including the brain. The human brain consumes approximately 60% of blood glucose in fasted, sedentary individuals. Brain metabolism normally relies upon blood glucose as an energy source, but during times", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "6947045", "text": "European descent, found an average brain volume of 1273.6 cm for men, with a range of 1052.9 to 1498.5 cm, and 1131.1 cm for women, with a range of 974.9 to 1398.1 cm. The right cerebral hemisphere is typically larger than the left, whereas the cerebellar hemispheres are typically closer in size. The adult human brain weighs on average about . Brain size has increased considerably over the course of humans' recent evolutionary history. \"Homo erectus\", a relative of humans, had a brain size of 1,100 cm. \"Homo floresiensis\", with a brain size of 380 cm. Neanderthals had a slightly", "title": "Brain size" }, { "id": "2700413", "text": "variables such as group size and the complexity of social mating behaviors. (See Dunbar's number) Humans have a large neocortex as a percentage of total brain matter when compared with other mammals. For example, there is only a 30:1 ratio of neocortical gray matter to the size of the medulla in the brainstem of chimpanzees, while the ratio is 60:1 in humans. Neocortex The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language. The neocortex is further", "title": "Neocortex" }, { "id": "11310956", "text": "Development of the human brain Studies report that three primary structures are formed in the sixth gestational week. These are the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain, also known as the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and the rhombencephalon respectively. Five secondary structures from these in the seventh gestational week. These are the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon which later become the lateral ventricles, third ventricles, aqueduct, and upper and lower parts of the fourth ventricle from the telencephalon to the myelencephalon, during adulthood. One of the most intriguing facts of human brains is the appearance of cortical folds which first takes", "title": "Development of the human brain" }, { "id": "14121764", "text": "Cerebellar granule cell Cerebellar granule cells form the thick granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and are among the smallest neurons in the brain. (The term granule cell is used for several unrelated types of small neurons in various parts of the brain.) Cerebellar granule cells are also the most numerous neurons in the brain: in humans, estimates of their total number average around 50 billion, which means that they constitute about 3/4 of the brain's neurons. The cell bodies are packed into a thick granular layer at the bottom of the cerebellar cortex. A granule cell emits only four", "title": "Cerebellar granule cell" }, { "id": "8592770", "text": "hubs and many alternative paths between them. This exchange of sensory information allows the brain to construct a complex perception of the real world and to react to and manipulate its environment. The thalamus of the cat includes a hypothalamus, an epithalamus, a lateral geniculate nucleus, and additional secondary nuclear structures. The domestic cat brain also contains the hippocampus, amygdala, frontal lobes (which comprise 3 to 3.5% of the total brain in cats compared to about 25% in humans), corpus callosum, anterior commissure, pineal gland, caudate nucleus, septal nuclei and midbrain. Grouse \"et al.\" 1979 ascertained the neuroplasticity of kittens'", "title": "Cat intelligence" }, { "id": "11310958", "text": "maturation continues to around 20 to 25 years of age. Development of the human brain Studies report that three primary structures are formed in the sixth gestational week. These are the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain, also known as the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and the rhombencephalon respectively. Five secondary structures from these in the seventh gestational week. These are the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon which later become the lateral ventricles, third ventricles, aqueduct, and upper and lower parts of the fourth ventricle from the telencephalon to the myelencephalon, during adulthood. One of the most intriguing facts of human", "title": "Development of the human brain" }, { "id": "2708466", "text": "memory, the ability to think about multiple concepts simultaneously and switch tasks with cognitive flexibility, the ability to inhibit impulses and prepotent responses with inhibitory control, and the ability to determine the relevance of information or appropriateness of an action. Higher order executive functions require the simultaneous use of multiple basic executive functions, and include planning and fluid intelligence (i.e., reasoning and problem solving). The prefrontal cortex plays a significant role in mediating executive functions. Planning involves activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, angular prefrontal cortex, right prefrontal cortex, and supramarginal gyrus. Working memory manipulation involves", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "44898", "text": "is widely believed that activity-dependent modification of synapses is the brain's primary mechanism for learning and memory. Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called \"nerve fiber tracts\". A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making parts of the brain filled exclusively with nerve fibers appear as light-colored white matter, in contrast to the darker-colored grey matter that marks areas with high densities of", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "91133", "text": "such as hunger, thirst and maternal bonding. This is regulated partly through control of secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland. Additionally the hypothalamus plays a role in motivation and many other behaviors of the individual. The cerebrum of cerebral hemispheres make up the largest visual portion of the human brain. Various structures combine to form the cerebral hemispheres, among others: the cortex, basal ganglia, amygdala and hippocampus. The hemispheres together control a large portion of the functions of the human brain such as emotion, memory, perception and motor functions. Apart from this the cerebral hemispheres stand for the cognitive", "title": "Central nervous system" }, { "id": "2708422", "text": "putamen, and the globus pallidus, lie separated from the lateral ventricles and thalamus by the internal capsule, whereas the caudate nucleus stretches around and abuts the lateral ventricles on their outer sides. At the deepest part of the lateral sulcus between the insular cortex and the striatum is a thin neuronal sheet called the claustrum. Some sources include this with the basal ganglia. Below and in front of the striatum are a number of basal forebrain structures. These include the nucleus accumbens, nucleus basalis, diagonal band of Broca, substantia innominata, and the medial septal nucleus. These structures are important in", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708497", "text": "hippocampi, and the cerebellum, but these only account for a relatively small amount of variance in IQ, which itself has only a partial relationship to general intelligence and real-world performance. Other animals, including whales and elephants have larger brains than humans. However, when the brain-to-body mass ratio is taken into account, the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. However, a high ratio does not of itself demonstrate intelligence: very small animals have high ratios and the treeshrew has the largest quotient of any", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708409", "text": "and association regions. Although the left and right hemispheres are broadly similar in shape and function, some functions are associated with one side, such as language in the left and visual-spatial ability in the right. The hemispheres are connected by commissural nerve tracts, the largest being the corpus callosum. The cerebrum is connected by the brainstem to the spinal cord. The brainstem consists of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by pairs of tracts. Within the cerebrum is the ventricular system, consisting of four interconnected ventricles in which cerebrospinal fluid is", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "16087296", "text": "The second phase is limbic or paleo-mammalian brain and performs the four functions needed for animal survival – fighting, feeding, fleeing, and fornicating. The third phase is the neocortex or the neo-mammalian brain. The higher cognitive functions which distinguish humans from other animals are primarily in the cortex. The reptilian brain controls muscles, balance, and autonomic functions, such as breathing and heartbeat. This part of the brain is active, even in deep sleep. The limbic system includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. The neocortex includes the cortex and the cerebrum. It corresponds to the brain of primates and, specifically, the", "title": "Nervous system network models" }, { "id": "3191156", "text": "language. Humans' brains are about three times bigger than in chimpanzees. More importantly, the brain to body ratio is much higher in humans than in chimpanzees, and humans have a significantly more developed cerebral cortex, with a larger number of neurons. The mental abilities of humans are remarkable compared to other apes. Humans' ability of speech is unique among primates. Humans are able to create new and complex ideas, and to develop technology, which is unprecedented among other organisms on Earth. It is estimated that the worldwide average height for an adult human male is about , while the worldwide", "title": "Human" }, { "id": "15343806", "text": "Granule cell The name granule cell has been used for a number of different types of neuron whose only common feature is that they all have very small cell bodies. Granule cells are found within the granular layer of the cerebellum, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the superficial layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the olfactory bulb, and the cerebral cortex. Cerebellar granule cells account for the majority of neurons in the human brain. These granule cells receive excitatory input from mossy fibers originating from pontine nuclei. Cerebellar granule cells project up through the Purkinje layer into the molecular", "title": "Granule cell" }, { "id": "44900", "text": "At a schematic level, that basic worm-shape continues to be reflected in the body and nervous system architecture of all modern bilaterians, including vertebrates. The fundamental bilateral body form is a tube with a hollow gut cavity running from the mouth to the anus, and a nerve cord with an enlargement (a ganglion) for each body segment, with an especially large ganglion at the front, called the brain. The brain is small and simple in some species, such as nematode worms; in other species, including vertebrates, it is the most complex organ in the body. Some types of worms, such", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "2708467", "text": "the DLPFC, inferior frontal gyrus, and areas of the parietal cortex. Inhibitory control involves multiple areas of the prefrontal cortex, as well as the caudate nucleus and subthalamic nucleus. Brain activity is made possible by the interconnections of neurons that are linked together to reach their targets. A neuron consists of a cell body, axon, and dendrites. Dendrites are often extensive branches that receive information in the form of signals from the axon terminals of other neurons. The signals received may cause the neuron to initiate an action potential (an electrochemical signal or nerve impulse) which is sent along its", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708441", "text": "the crescent-shaped cerebral hemispheres at the head. The cerebral hemispheres first appear on day 32. Early in the fourth week the cephalic part bends sharply forward in a cephalic flexure. This flexed part becomes the forebrain (prosencephalon); the adjoining curving part becomes the midbrain (mesencephalon) and the part caudal to the flexure becomes the hindbrain (rhombencephalon). These three areas are formed as swellings known as the primitive vesicles. In the fifth week of development five brain vesicles have formed. The forebrain separates into two vesicles an anterior telencephalon and a posterior diencephalon. The telencephalon gives rise to the cerebral cortex,", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708503", "text": "of animal spirits through the ventricles. In 1316, Mondino de Luzzi's \"Anathomia\" began the modern study of brain anatomy. Niccolò Massa discovered in 1536 that the ventricles were filled with fluid. Archangelo Piccolomini of Rome was the first to distinguish between the cerebrum and cerebral cortex. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published his seven-volume \"De humani corporis fabrica\". The seventh book covered the brain and eye, with detailed images of the ventricles, cranial nerves, pituitary gland, meninges, structures of the eye, the vascular supply to the brain and spinal cord, and an image of the peripheral nerves. Vesalius rejected the common", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "1777354", "text": "The pons houses the respiratory pneumotaxic center and apneustic center that make up the pontine respiratory group in the respiratory center. The pons co-ordinates activities of the cerebellar hemispheres. The pons and medulla oblongata are parts of the hindbrain that form much of the brainstem. The medulla oblongata often just referred to as the medulla, is the lower half of the brainstem continuous with the spinal cord. Its upper part is continuous with the pons. The medulla contains the cardiac, dorsal and ventral respiratory groups, and vasomotor centres, dealing with heart rate, breathing and blood pressure. Another important medullary structure", "title": "Brainstem" }, { "id": "44894", "text": "cells (also known as \"glia\" or \"neuroglia\") come in several types, and perform a number of critical functions, including structural support, metabolic support, insulation, and guidance of development. Neurons, however, are usually considered the most important cells in the brain. The property that makes neurons unique is their ability to send signals to specific target cells over long distances. They send these signals by means of an axon, which is a thin protoplasmic fiber that extends from the cell body and projects, usually with numerous branches, to other areas, sometimes nearby, sometimes in distant parts of the brain or body.", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "44905", "text": "mammals departs from it to some degree, in a way that reflects in part the complexity of their behavior. For example, primates have brains 5 to 10 times larger than the formula predicts. Predators tend to have larger brains than their prey, relative to body size. All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, respectively). At the earliest", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "2708419", "text": "a sensory cortex. The primary motor cortex, which sends axons down to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord, occupies the rear portion of the frontal lobe, directly in front of the somatosensory area. The primary sensory areas receive signals from the sensory nerves and tracts by way of relay nuclei in the thalamus. Primary sensory areas include the visual cortex of the occipital lobe, the auditory cortex in parts of the temporal lobe and insular cortex, and the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe. The remaining parts of the cortex, are called the association areas. These areas receive", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "12023645", "text": "to as the limbic system. The limbic system deals with more complex functions including emotional, sexual and fighting behaviors. Of course, animals that are not vertebrates also have brains, and their brains have undergone separate evolutionary histories. The brainstem and limbic system are largely based on nuclei, which are essentially balled-up clusters of tightly-packed neurons and the axon fibers that connect them to each other, as well as to neurons in other locations. The other two major brain areas (the cerebrum and cerebellum) are based on a cortical architecture. At the outer periphery of the cortex, the neurons are arranged", "title": "Evolution of the brain" }, { "id": "2708418", "text": "regions of the hemispheres. There are many small variations in the secondary and tertiary folds. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes; the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe, named according to the skull bones that overlie them. Each lobe is associated with one or two specialised functions though there is some functional overlap between them. The cortex is mapped by divisions into about fifty different functional areas known as Brodmann's areas. These areas are distinctly different when seen under a microscope. The cortex is divided into two main functional areas – a motor cortex and", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "11542383", "text": "portions of the cranial vault, and the skull roof. These are not fused in fishes, and a proper neurocranium is only found in land vertebrates. Evolutionarily, the human neurocranium has expanded from comprising the back part of the mammalian skull to being also the upper part: during the evolutionary expansion of the brain, the neurocranium has overgrown the splanchnocranium. The upper-frontmost part of the cranium also houses the evolutionarily newest part of the human brain, the frontal lobes. Neurocranium In human anatomy, the neurocranium, also known as the braincase, brainpan, or brain-pan is the upper and back part of the", "title": "Neurocranium" }, { "id": "2708449", "text": "connect with \"second order\" neurons that immediately swap sides. These neurons then travel upwards into the ventrobasal complex in the thalamus where they connect with \"third order\" neurons, and travel up to the sensory cortex.The spinothalamic tract carries information about pain, temperature, and gross touch. Neurons travel up the spinal cord and connect with second-order neurons in the reticular formation of the brainstem for pain and temperature, and also at the ventrobasal complex of the medulla for gross touch. Vision is generated by light that hits the retina of the eye. Photoreceptors in the retina transduce the sensory stimulus of", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "11000", "text": "the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals. A bundle of axons make a nerve tract in the central nervous system, and a fascicle in the peripheral nervous system. In placental mammals the largest white matter tract in the brain is the corpus callosum, formed of some 20 million axons in the human brain. Axons are the primary transmission lines of the nervous system, and as bundles they form nerves. Some axons can extend up to one meter or more while others extend as little as one millimeter. The longest axons in the human body are those of the sciatic", "title": "Axon" }, { "id": "2708502", "text": "Erasistratus of Ceos experimented on living brains. Their works are now mostly lost, and we know about their achievements due mostly to secondary sources. Some of their discoveries had to be re-discovered a millennium after their deaths. Anatomist physician Galen in the second century AD, during the time of the Roman Empire, dissected the brains of sheep, monkeys, dogs, and pigs. He concluded that, as the cerebellum was denser than the brain, it must control the muscles, while as the cerebrum was soft, it must be where the senses were processed. Galen further theorized that the brain functioned by movement", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708428", "text": "end-feet on capillary walls. The glia limitans of the cortex is made up of astrocyte foot processes that serve in part to contain the cells of the brain. Mast cells are white blood cells that interact in the neuroimmune system in the brain. Mast cells in the central nervous system are present in the meninges; they mediate neuroimmune responses in inflammatory conditions and help to maintain the blood–brain barrier, particularly in brain regions where the barrier is absent. Across systems, mast cells serve as the main effector cell through which pathogens can affect the gut–brain axis. Some 400 genes are", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "10127254", "text": "convoluted hippocampus, a brain structure in the limbic system that is much bigger than that of any human, primate or cetacean. The hippocampus of an elephant takes up about 0.7% of the central structures of the brain, comparable to 0.5% for humans and with 0.1% in Risso's dolphins and 0.05% in bottlenose dolphins. The hippocampus is linked to emotion through the processing of certain types of memory, especially spatial. This is thought to be possibly why elephants suffer from psychological flashbacks and the equivalent of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The encephalization quotient (EQ) (the size of the brain relative to", "title": "Elephant cognition" }, { "id": "2708440", "text": "the fourth week in the neurulation stage the neural plate folds and closes to form the neural tube, bringing together the neural crest cells at the neural crest. The neural crest runs the length of the tube with cranial neural crest cells at the cephalic end and caudal neural crest cells at the tail. Cells detach from the crest and migrate in a craniocaudal (head to tail) wave inside the tube. Cells at the cephalic end give rise to the brain, and cells at the caudal end give rise to the spinal cord. The tube flexes as it grows, forming", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "12030800", "text": "Frontal lobe injury The frontal lobe of the human brain is both relatively large in mass and less restricted in movement than the posterior portion of the brain. It is a component of the cerebral system, which supports goal directed behavior. This lobe is often cited as the part of the brain responsible for the ability to decide between good and bad choices, as well as recognize the consequences of different actions. Because of its location in the anterior part of the head, the frontal lobe is arguably more susceptible to injuries. Following a frontal lobe injury, an individual’s abilities", "title": "Frontal lobe injury" }, { "id": "2696612", "text": "in utero, it is visible as a single portion toward the front of the fetus. At 8 weeks in utero, the forebrain splits into the left and right cerebral hemispheres. When the embryonic forebrain fails to divide the brain into two lobes, it results in a condition known as holoprosencephaly. Forebrain In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the forebrain or prosencephalon is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain. The forebrain (prosencephalon), the midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon) are the three primary portions of the brain during early development of the central nervous system. It controls body temperature,", "title": "Forebrain" }, { "id": "2784887", "text": "to neuron-ratio varies from one part of the brain to another. The glia to neuron-ratio in the cerebral cortex is 3.72 (60.84 billion glia (72%); 16.34 billion neurons), while that of the cerebellum is only 0.23 (16.04 billion glia; 69.03 billion neurons). The ratio in the cerebral cortex gray matter is 1.48, with 3.76 for the gray and white matter combined. The ratio of the basal ganglia, diencephalon and brainstem combined is 11.35. The total number of glia cells in the human brain is distributed into the different types with oligodendrocytes being the most frequent (45–75%), followed by astrocytes (19–40%)", "title": "Glia" }, { "id": "2706950", "text": "Rhinencephalon In animal anatomy, the rhinencephalon (from the Greek, ῥίς, \"rhis\" = \"nose\", and ἐγκέφαλος, \"enkephalos\" = \"brain\") also called the smell-brain or olfactory brain is a part of the brain involved with smell (i.e. olfaction). It forms the paleocortex and is rudimentary in the human brain. The term \"rhinencephalon\" has been used to describe different structures at different points in time. One definition includes the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior perforated substance, medial olfactory stria, lateral olfactory stria, parts of the amygdala and prepyriform area. Some references classify other areas of the brain related to perception", "title": "Rhinencephalon" }, { "id": "5109051", "text": "Upper motor neuron Upper motor neurons (UMNs) are the main source of voluntary movement. They are found in the brain and carry motor information down the spinal cord to activate the lower motor neurons, which in turn directly signal muscles to contract. They are a type of giant pyramidal cell called \"Betz cells\" and are found just below the surface of the cerebral cortex within layer V of the primary motor cortex. The cell bodies of \"Betz cell\" neurons are the largest in the brain, approaching nearly 0.1mm in diameter. The primary motor cortex, or precentral gyrus, is one of", "title": "Upper motor neuron" }, { "id": "4595682", "text": "an important role in mood regulation. The gigantocellular nuclei are involved in motor coordination. The parvocellular nuclei regulate exhalation. The reticular formation is essential for governing some of the basic functions of higher organisms and is one of the phylogenetically oldest portions of the brain. The human reticular formation is composed of almost 100 brain nuclei and contains many projections into the forebrain, brainstem, and cerebellum, among other regions. It includes the reticular nuclei, reticulothalamic projection fibers, diffuse thalamo-cortical projections, ascending cholinergic projections, descending non-cholinergic projections, and descending reticulospinal projections. The reticular formation also contains two major neural subsystems, the", "title": "Reticular formation" }, { "id": "44897", "text": "and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. The functions of these synapses are very diverse: some are excitatory (exciting the target cell); others are inhibitory; others work by activating second messenger systems that change the internal chemistry of their target cells in complex ways. A large number of synapses are dynamically modifiable; that is, they are capable of changing strength in a way that is controlled by the patterns of signals that pass through them. It", "title": "Brain" }, { "id": "5906338", "text": "Lobes of the brain The lobes of the brain were originally a purely anatomical classification, but have been shown also to be related to different brain functions. The cerebrum, the largest portion of the human brain, is divided into lobes, but so is the cerebellum. If not specified, the expression \"lobes of the brain\" refers to the cerebrum. Terminologia Anatomica (1998) and Terminologia Neuroanatomica (2017) divides cerebrum into 6 lobes. The frontal lobe is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere and positioned in front of the parietal lobe and above and in front of the temporal lobe. It", "title": "Lobes of the brain" }, { "id": "1957821", "text": "acting as channels, that connect the ventricles. The interventricular foramina (also called the foramina of Monro) connect the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle through which the cerebrospinal fluid can flow. The four cavities of the human brain are called ventricles. The two largest are the lateral ventricles in the cerebrum; the third ventricle is in the diencephalon of the forebrain between the right and left thalamus; and the fourth ventricle is located at the back of the pons and upper half of the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. The ventricles are concerned with the production and circulation of cerebrospinal", "title": "Ventricular system" }, { "id": "2708510", "text": "described a region associated with language comprehension and production. Korbinian Brodmann divided regions of the brain based on the appearance of cells. By 1950, Sherrington, Papez, and MacLean had identified many of the brainstem and limbic system functions. The capacity of the brain to re-organise and change with age, and a recognised critical development period, were attributed to neuroplasticity, pioneered by Margaret Kennard, who experimented on monkeys during the 1930-40s. Harvey Cushing (1869–1939) is recognised as the first proficient brain surgeon in the world. In 1937, Walter Dandy began the practice of vascular neurosurgery by performing the first surgical clipping", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "2708471", "text": "blood–brain barrier and be metabolized by brain cells. Although the human brain represents only 2% of the body weight, it receives 15% of the cardiac output, 20% of total body oxygen consumption, and 25% of total body glucose utilization. The brain mostly uses glucose for energy, and deprivation of glucose, as can happen in hypoglycemia, can result in loss of consciousness. The energy consumption of the brain does not vary greatly over time, but active regions of the cortex consume somewhat more energy than inactive regions: this fact forms the basis for the functional brain imaging methods PET and fMRI.", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "11094031", "text": "optical vesicle (which will eventually become the optic nerve, retina and iris) forms at the basal plate of the prosencephalon. In the fifth week, the alar plate of the prosencephalon expands to form the cerebral hemispheres (the telencephalon). The basal plate becomes the diencephalon. The diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon constitute the brain stem of the embryo. It continues to flex at the mesencephalon. The rhombencephalon folds posteriorly, which causes its alar plate to flare and form the fourth ventricle of the brain. The pons and the cerebellum form in the upper part of the rhombencephalon, whilst the medulla oblongata forms", "title": "Development of the nervous system in humans" }, { "id": "7578383", "text": "Sulcus (neuroanatomy) In neuroanatomy, a sulcus (Latin: \"furrow\", pl. \"sulci\") is a depression or groove in the cerebral cortex. It surrounds a gyrus (pl. gyri), creating the characteristic folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals. The larger sulci are usually called fissures. Sulci, the grooves, and gyri, the folds or ridges, make up the folded surface of the cerebral cortex. Larger or deeper sulci are termed fissures, and in many cases the two terms are interchangeable. The folded cortex creates a larger surface area for the brain in humans and other mammals. When looking at the human", "title": "Sulcus (neuroanatomy)" }, { "id": "2877425", "text": "Claustrum The claustrum (Latin for: to close or shut) is a thin, bilateral structure which connects to cortical (ex. pre-frontal cortex) and subcortical regions (ex. thalamus) of the brain. It is located between the insula laterally and the putamen medially, separated by the extreme and external capsules respectively. The blood supply to the claustrum is fulfilled via the middle cerebral artery. It is considered to be the most densely connected structure in the brain allowing for integration of various cortical inputs (ex. colour, sound and touch) into one experience rather than singular events. The claustrum is difficult to study given", "title": "Claustrum" }, { "id": "1575111", "text": "anterior part of the neural tube forms a series of bulges called vesicles, which become the primary anatomical regions of the brain: the forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon). These simple, early vesicles enlarge and further divide into the telencephalon (future cerebral cortex and basal ganglia), diencephalon (future thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (future colliculi), metencephalon (future pons and cerebellum), and myelencephalon (future medulla). The CSF-filled central chamber is continuous from the telencephalon to the spinal cord, and constitutes the developing ventricular system of the CNS. Because the neural tube gives rise to the brain and spinal cord any mutations", "title": "Development of the nervous system" }, { "id": "2700143", "text": "considered a cortex. Note: As the cerebrum is a gross division with many subdivisions and sub-regions, it is important to state that this section lists the functions that the cerebrum \"as a whole\" serves. See main articles on cerebral cortex and basal ganglia for more information. The cerebrum is a major part of the brain, controlling emotions, hearing, vision, personality and much more. It controls all voluntary actions. The cerebrum directs the conscious or volitional motor functions of the body. These functions originate within the primary motor cortex and other frontal lobe motor areas where actions are planned. Upper motor", "title": "Cerebrum" }, { "id": "7881533", "text": "Commissural fiber The commissural fibers or transverse fibers are axons that connect the two hemispheres of the brain. In contrast to commissural fibers, association fibers connect regions within the same hemisphere of the brain, and projection fibers connect each region to other parts of the brain or to the spinal cord. The commissural fibers make up tracts that include the corpus callosum, the anterior commissure, and the posterior commissure. The corpus callosum is the largest commissural tract in the human brain. It consists of about 200-300 million axons that connect the two cerebral hemispheres. The corpus callosum is essential to", "title": "Commissural fiber" }, { "id": "6840583", "text": "led by Shanghai-based East China Normal University's Department of Physics, \"The Corpus Callosum of Albert Einstein's Brain: Another Clue to His High Intelligence\", published in the journal \"Brain\" on September 24, 2013, showed a new technique to conduct the study, which is the first to detail Einstein's corpus callosum, the brain's largest bundle of fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication. Einstein's corpus callosum was thicker than those in control groups, possibly indicating better cooperation between the hemispheres. Scientists currently cannot tell how far the unusual features above were innate or how far they were due", "title": "Albert Einstein's brain" }, { "id": "9977919", "text": "to be an intermediate between neocortex and archicortex in both aspects. Paleocortex is present in the parahippocampal gyrus, olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, periamygdalar area, anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior perforated substance, and prepyriform area. Parent, A. (1996). Carpenter's human neuroanatomy (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Williams &Wilkins. Paleocortex In anatomy of animals, the paleopallium or paleocortex is a region within the telencephalon in the brain which is younger in an evolutionary sense (i.e. phylogenetically) than archicortex (or archipallium), but phylogenetically older than neocortex (or neopallium). Paleocortex (or paleopallium) and the archicortex (or the archipallium, which is a synonym)", "title": "Paleocortex" }, { "id": "5836705", "text": "Dentate nucleus The dentate nucleus is a cluster of neurons, or nerve cells, in the central nervous system that has a dentate – tooth-like or serrated – edge. It is located within the deep white matter of each cerebellar hemisphere, and it is the largest single structure linking the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. It is the largest and most lateral, or farthest from the midline, of the four pairs of deep cerebellar nuclei, the others being the fastigial nucleus and the globose and emboliform nuclei which together are referred to as the interposed nucleus. The dentate nucleus", "title": "Dentate nucleus" }, { "id": "12023643", "text": "that for a primate of equivalent size, we would expect a larger brain size. Humans lie well above the line indicating that humans are more encephalized than lemurs. In fact, humans are more encephalized than all other primates. The human brain uses 2.5 petabytes, which is one million gigabytes, of storage. Scientists can infer that the first brain structure appeared at least 521 million years ago, with fossil brain tissue present in sites of exceptional preservation. A trend in brain evolution according to a study done with mice, chickens, monkeys and apes concluded that more evolved species tend to preserve", "title": "Evolution of the brain" }, { "id": "2708438", "text": "to the same degree as they do in other capillaries, thereby creating the blood–brain barrier. Pericytes play a major role in the formation of the tight junctions. The barrier is less permeable to larger molecules, but is still permeable to water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and most fat-soluble substances (including anaesthetics and alcohol). The blood–brain barrier is not present in areas of the brain that may need to respond to changes in body fluids, such as the pineal gland, area postrema, and some areas of the hypothalamus. There is a similar blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, which serves the same purpose as the", "title": "Human brain" }, { "id": "3259865", "text": "is closely associated with the mesolimbic pathway, which is also known as the mesolimbic reward pathway. Other major dopamine pathways include: Mesocortical pathway The mesocortical pathway is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the ventral tegmentum to the prefrontal cortex. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain. It is essential to the normal cognitive function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (part of the frontal lobe), and is thought to be involved in cognitive control, motivation, and emotional response. This pathway may be the brain system that is abnormal or functioning abnormally in psychoses, such as schizophrenia.", "title": "Mesocortical pathway" } ]

[ "Shanghai Tower", "Burj Khalifa" ]

[ { "id": "13570325", "text": "tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) Warsaw radio mast. Since the completion of the Washington Monument in 1884, the world's tallest building has not usually also been the world's tallest \"structure\". The exceptions are 1930–1954, when the Chrysler Building and then the Empire State building surpassed the Eiffel Tower (to be surpassed in turn by a succession of broadcast masts, starting with the Griffin Television Tower in Oklahoma), and from 2010 with the completion of Burj", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "13570315", "text": "moved to the Eastern Hemisphere. Malaysia was the first country to break the United States' record of constructing the tallest buildings in the world when the Petronas Twin Towers were completed in 1998. Taiwan's Taipei 101 was the next building to hold the record, beginning in 2004. Before the modern skyscraper era, many Christian churches and cathedrals, built mainly in England and Germanic territories between 1250–1894, comprised the tallest buildings in the world. Before the 13th century, the tallest buildings in the world cannot be conclusively determined. For instance, the Lighthouse of Alexandria (completed about 280 BC) has been estimated", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "3401669", "text": "Burj Khalifa The Burj Khalifa (, Arabic for \"Khalifa Tower\"; pronounced ), known as the Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration in 2010, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. With a total height of and a roof height (excluding antenna) of , the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in late 2008. Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed five years later in 2009. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. The building was opened in 2010 as part of a new development called", "title": "Burj Khalifa" }, { "id": "766242", "text": "surface. The area that was cleared for construction of the original World Trade Center complex was previously occupied by various electronics stores in what was called Radio Row. These streets and stores were demolished in the 1960s to make way for the World Trade Center. At the time of their completion the \"Twin Towers\"—the original 1 World Trade Center (the North Tower), at 1,368 ft (417 metres), and 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower)—were the tallest buildings in the world. The other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC), 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6", "title": "World Trade Center site" }, { "id": "13570327", "text": "skyscraper was the World Trade Center, which was completed in 1971. The north tower was and the south tall. It surpassed the height of the Empire State Building by . Two years later the Sears Tower was built in Chicago, standing at with 110 floors, surpassing the height of the World Trade Center by . The Petronas Towers rose 10 meters above the Sears Tower, standing at a height of and each having 88 floors. In 2004, the construction of Taipei 101 brought the height of skyscrapers to a new level, standing at with 101 floors. It is taller than", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "111185", "text": "The tower is tall, about the same height as an 81- building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by . Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest free-standing", "title": "Eiffel Tower" }, { "id": "13570314", "text": "History of the world's tallest buildings The tallest building in the world, as of 2019, is Burj Khalifa. The title of \"world's tallest building\" has been borne by various buildings, such as the Rouen Cathedral and the Empire State Building. The skyscraper was invented in Chicago in 1884 when the Home Insurance Building was constructed using a steel-frame with curtain walls instead of load-bearing walls. For the next hundred years, the world's tallest building was always in the United States with New York City accumulating 86 years, and Chicago accumulating 30 years. After just over a century (1885–1998), the distinction", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "13570332", "text": "History of the world's tallest buildings The tallest building in the world, as of 2019, is Burj Khalifa. The title of \"world's tallest building\" has been borne by various buildings, such as the Rouen Cathedral and the Empire State Building. The skyscraper was invented in Chicago in 1884 when the Home Insurance Building was constructed using a steel-frame with curtain walls instead of load-bearing walls. For the next hundred years, the world's tallest building was always in the United States with New York City accumulating 86 years, and Chicago accumulating 30 years. After just over a century (1885–1998), the distinction", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "403143", "text": "Düsseldorf, Germany; the Kungstornen \"(Kings' Towers)\" in Stockholm, Sweden, which were built 1924–25, the Edificio Telefónica in Madrid, Spain, built in 1929; the Boerentoren in Antwerp, Belgium, built in 1932; the Prudential Building in Warsaw, Poland, built in 1934; and the Torre Piacentini in Genoa, Italy, built in 1940. After an early competition between Chicago and New York City for the world's tallest building, New York took the lead by 1895 with the completion of the tall American Surety Building, leaving New York with the title of the world's tallest building for many years. Modern skyscrapers are built with steel", "title": "Skyscraper" }, { "id": "13570328", "text": "the previous record holders, the Petronas Towers. Burj Khalifa surpassed the height of Taipei 101 by in 2009, making it 60% taller. It has broken several skyscraper records, and it is almost twice as tall as the Empire State Building. Burj Khalifa has also broken the record of the world's tallest structure. Since the early skyscraper boom that took place in North America, the significant number of skyscrapers in North America have dominated the 100 tallest buildings in the world. In 1930, 99 of the 100 tallest buildings in the world were located in North America. In the future, this", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "9200595", "text": "Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou International Finance Centre or Guangzhou West Tower, is a 103-storey, skyscraper at Zhujiang Avenue West in the Tianhe District of Guangzhou, Guangdong. One half of the Guangzhou Twin Towers, it is the 17th tallest building in the world, completed in 2010. As of March 2018, it is the world's tallest building with a roof-top helipad, at 439 m (1,439 feet) high. The world's second-tallest building with a roof-top helipad was also completed in 2010: Beijing's China World Trade Center Tower III, whose roof-top helipad is 330 m (1,083 feet) high. Both buildings are taller than", "title": "Guangzhou International Finance Center" }, { "id": "2471364", "text": "Jin Mao Tower The Jin Mao Tower (), also known as the or , is an 88-story (93 if counting the floors in the spire) landmark skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai, China. It is tall and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. It contains a shopping mall, offices and the Grand Hyatt Shanghai hotel, which at the time of completion was the highest hotel in the world. Along with the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center and the Shanghai Tower it is part of the Lujiazui skyline seen from the Bund. It was the tallest", "title": "Jin Mao Tower" }, { "id": "377310", "text": "of the four categories in 2004 to become recognized as the tallest building in the world. Taipei 101 surpassed the Petronas Twin Towers in spire height and the Sears Tower in roof height and highest occupied floor. The Sears Tower retained one record: its antenna exceeded Taipei 101's spire in height. In 2008, the Shanghai World Financial Center claimed the records of tallest building by roof and highest occupied floor. On August 12, 2007, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates was reported by its developers to have surpassed the Sears Tower in all height categories. Upon completion, One", "title": "Willis Tower" }, { "id": "1963330", "text": "Upon its completion, it will be the tallest skyscraper in the world. The building has been scaled down from its initial proposal, since the ground proved unsuitable for a building that tall, to a height of at least (the exact height is being kept private while in development, similar to the Burj Khalifa), which, at about one kilometre (), would still make it by far the tallest building or structure in the world to date, standing at least taller than the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Construction began in April 2013 and is scheduled for completion in 2019. King Road Tower", "title": "Jeddah" }, { "id": "7730678", "text": "tower's spire brings it to a pinnacle height of , a figure intended to symbolize the year 1776, when the United States Declaration of Independence was signed. When the spire is included in the building's height, as stated by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), One World Trade Center surpasses the height of Taipei 101 (), is the world's tallest all-office building, and the sixth-tallest skyscraper in the world, behind the Burj Khalifa, Abraj Al Bait, Shanghai Tower, Ping An Finance Centre and Lotte World Tower. One World Trade Center is the second-tallest freestanding structure in the", "title": "One World Trade Center" }, { "id": "377285", "text": "Willis Tower The Willis Tower, built as and still commonly referred to as the Sears Tower, is a 110-story, skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. At completion in 1973, it surpassed the World Trade Center towers in New York to become the tallest building in the world, a title it held for nearly 25 years; it remained the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere until the completion of a new building at the rebuilt World Trade Center site in 2014. The building is considered a seminal achievement for its designer Fazlur Rahman Khan. The Willis Tower is the second-tallest building in the", "title": "Willis Tower" }, { "id": "7086798", "text": "Europe. The tallest building in China as of 2015 is the Shanghai Tower by the U.S. architectural and design firm of Gensler. It is 632-meters (2,073 ft) tall, with 127 floors, making it in 2016 the second-tallest building in the world. It also features the fastest elevators, which reach a speed of 20.5 meters (40 feet) per second or 74 kilometers an hour. Most skyscrapers are designed to express modernity; the most notable exception is the Abraj Al Bait, a complex of seven skyscraper hotels build by the government of Saudi Arabia to house pilgrims coming the holy shrine of", "title": "Contemporary architecture" }, { "id": "403153", "text": "tallest\" in the 1920s and early 1930s, culminating with the completion of the Chrysler Building in 1930 and the Empire State Building in 1931, the world's tallest building for forty years. The first completed tall World Trade Center tower became the world's tallest building in 1972. However, it was overtaken by the Sears Tower (now Willis Tower) in Chicago within two years. The tall Sears Tower stood as the world's tallest building for 24 years, from 1974 until 1998, until it was edged out by Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, which held the title for six years. The design", "title": "Skyscraper" }, { "id": "76075", "text": "in 2009 by the Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China, which stands at tall, as the world's tallest tower; which in turn was surpassed by the Tokyo Skytree in 2011, which currently is the tallest tower at in height. The CN Tower, as of 2018, stands as the ninth-tallest free-standing structure on land, remains the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, and is the third-tallest tower. Since the construction of the tower had been completed, it has gained the following world height records: The CN Tower has been and continues to be used as a communications tower for a number", "title": "CN Tower" }, { "id": "10757000", "text": "structure with 825 rooms. It had a roof height of . Construction began in 1979 and it opened in July 1981 as the Vista International Hotel. The entire World Trade Center complex was destroyed during the September 11 attacks in 2001. Construction originally began in 2010, but was delayed until 2014 because of a lack of an anchor tenant. The building's concrete core was topped out to maximum height in August 2016, with the perimeter steel structure following on October 6, 2016. The building opened on June 11, 2018. The building was designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, and", "title": "3 World Trade Center" }, { "id": "13570331", "text": "plant space do not contribute towards mixed-use status. Skyscrapers used primarily or exclusively as hotels or residential space are generally shorter than office and mixed-use buildings, with only a few supertall buildings of the residential or hotel types among the 100 tallest skyscrapers. The tallest completed residential building (minimum 85% residential) is 432 Park Avenue in New York City, followed by the Princess Tower and 23 Marina, both in Dubai. The tallest completed hotels (primarily hotel space) are the Gevora Hotel, the JW Marriott Marquis Dubai twin towers, the Rose Tower, and the Burj Al Arab, all located in Dubai.", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "20312143", "text": "Leeza SOHO Leeza SOHO (also known as Li Ze Tower) is a Skyscraper located in the Lize Financial Business District in Beijing, China. SOHO China acquired land use rights in 2013 for ¥1.922 billion RMB ($288 million USD). Construction began in 2015 and is set to be completed in 2018. The Leeza SOHO features a huge tall twisting atrium at its centre, which when completed will be the tallest in the world, a title currently held by the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai. The atrium 'twists' 45° over the length of the building to allow natural light to all", "title": "Leeza SOHO" }, { "id": "3825419", "text": "application in megatall skyscrapers. It was the tallest building in the country in 2004 but surpassed in height by the Northeast Asia Trade Tower in Incheon when it was topped out in 2009. It was designed by United States-based architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The building is high. Its shape is formed by three oval lobes joined together. It is the eighth-tallest all-residential building in the world. Samsung Tower Palace 3 – Tower G Tower Palace Three, Tower G, or simply Tower Palace Three, is a 73-floor luxury residential skyscraper in Seoul, South Korea. The structure was originally designed", "title": "Samsung Tower Palace 3 – Tower G" }, { "id": "17708297", "text": "2 World Trade Center 2 World Trade Center (also known as 200 Greenwich Street) is a skyscraper under construction (though halted) as part of the World Trade Center complex in Manhattan, New York City. It will replace the original 2 World Trade Center, which was completed in 1972, and subsequently destroyed during the September 11 attacks in 2001. The foundation work was completed in 2013. When completed in 1973, 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower) became the second tallest building in the world—outmatched only by its twin, 1 World Trade Center. The South Tower's rooftop observation deck was high", "title": "2 World Trade Center" }, { "id": "76070", "text": "Structure\". Emporis and the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat both listed the CN Tower as the world's tallest free-standing structure on land, and specifically state that the CN Tower is not a true building, thereby awarding the title of world's tallest building to Taipei 101, which is shorter than the CN Tower. The issue of what was tallest became moot when Burj Khalifa, then under construction, exceeded the height of the CN Tower in 2007 (see below). Although the CN Tower contains a restaurant, a gift shop and multiple observation levels, it does not have floors continuously from", "title": "CN Tower" }, { "id": "1643983", "text": "Taipei 101 Taipei 101 / TAIPEI 101, formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center – is a landmark supertall skyscraper in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building was officially classified as the world's tallest in 2004, and remained such until the completion of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010. In 2011, the building was awarded the LEED platinum certification, the highest award according to the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, and became the tallest and largest green building in the world. At one point it had the fastest elevator in the world, traveling at", "title": "Taipei 101" }, { "id": "3401708", "text": "Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. On 28 September 2010 Burj Khalifa won the award for best project of the year at the Middle East Architect Awards 2010. Awards Chair Gordon Gill, of Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, said: Burj Khalifa was also the recipient of following awards. Burj Khalifa The Burj Khalifa (, Arabic for \"Khalifa Tower\"; pronounced ), known as the Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration in 2010, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. With a total height of and a roof height (excluding antenna) of , the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure", "title": "Burj Khalifa" }, { "id": "83667", "text": "the skyscraper era, which would then be followed by many other cities around the world. Today, Chicago's skyline is among the world's tallest and densest. Some of the United States' tallest towers are located in Chicago; Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) is the second tallest building in the Western Hemisphere after One World Trade Center, and Trump International Hotel and Tower is the third tallest in the country. The Loop's historic buildings include the Chicago Board of Trade Building, the Fine Arts Building, 35 East Wacker, and the Chicago Building, 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by Mies van der Rohe.", "title": "Chicago" }, { "id": "7208303", "text": "Heide was Global Leader of Arup Lighting. The Canton Tower's main body stands at . Combined with the tower's antenna, the Canton Tower has a total height of , making it the second tallest tower in the world, second tallest in Asia, and the tallest in the People's Republic of China. The tower has 37 floors, and 2 basement floors. The Canton Tower weighs a total of , including the tower's antenna which weighs and the main body, which includes all the features of the tower, which weighs a total of . The Canton Tower occupies a total floor area", "title": "Canton Tower" }, { "id": "2217182", "text": "Korea. Construction of the Ryugyong Hotel was intended to be completed in time for the 13th World Festival of Youth and Students in June 1989; had this been achieved, it would have held the title of world's tallest hotel. The unfinished building was not surpassed in height by any new hotel until the 2009 completion of the spire atop the Rose Tower in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The Ryugyong Hotel is the world's 63rd tallest building (tied with the China World Trade Center Tower III, Zhuhai St. Regis Hotel & Office Tower, and Yuexiu Fortune Center l in height) and", "title": "Ryugyong Hotel" }, { "id": "377309", "text": "than Toronto's CN Tower. Willis Tower is the eighth-tallest freestanding structure in the world by pinnacle height. At tall, including decorative spires, the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, laid claim to replacing the Sears Tower as the tallest building in the world in 1998. Not everyone agreed, and in the ensuing controversy, four different categories of \"tallest building\" were created. Of these, Petronas was the tallest in the first category (height to top of architectural elements, meaning spires but not antennas), giving it the title of world's tallest building. Taipei 101 in Taiwan claimed the record in three", "title": "Willis Tower" }, { "id": "2850785", "text": "the taller. When the Q1 was completed it overtook the 21st Century Tower in Dubai, United Arab Emirates to become the world's tallest residential tower. It is in the top 50 tallest buildings in the world when measured to its structural point, dwarfing the Gold Coast skyline with the closest buildings to Q1's height being the North Tower of Circle on Cavill and the Soul building. Q1 Tower was designed by SDG & The Buchan Group, and its form was inspired by the Sydney 2000 Olympic torch and the Sydney Opera House. The name was given in honour of members", "title": "Q1 (building)" }, { "id": "11788655", "text": "Chilton, Pelli Clarke Pelli, and Foster + Partners, as well as the firm Smith formerly worked for Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, which was the final competitor in the competition before AS + GG was chosen. In addition to Burj Khalifa, Adrian Smith has designed several other recent towers; the Zifeng Tower in Nanjing, China, the Trump International Hotel & Tower in Chicago, and the Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai, as well as the Pearl River Tower in Guangzhou, China. The four buildings are all among the top eleven tallest in the world. Furthermore, the Pearl River Tower is a unique", "title": "Jeddah Tower" }, { "id": "7730631", "text": "December 4, 1970, One World Trade Center became the tallest building in the world, surpassing the Empire State Building, which had held the record for 40 years. The North Tower was tall, and in 1978, a telecommunications antenna was added to the top of the roof; by itself, the antenna was tall. With the -tall antenna, the highest point of the North Tower reached . However, the tower only held its record until , when Chicago's Sears Tower (now Willis Tower), which was tall at the rooftop, was completed. At 110 floors, the World Trade Center towers had more floors", "title": "One World Trade Center" }, { "id": "2274470", "text": "KVLY-TV mast The KVLY-TV mast (formerly the KTHI-TV mast) is a television-transmitting mast in Blanchard, Traill County, North Dakota, United States, used by Fargo station KVLY-TV channel 11. Completed during 1963, it was the tallest structure in the world until succeeded by the Warsaw radio mast during 1974, which collapsed in 1991, again making the KVLY-TV mast the tallest structure in the world until the Burj Khalifa exceeded it in 2008. It remains the fourth-tallest structure in the world (since the construction of the Tokyo Skytree and the Shanghai Tower), the tallest structure in the Western Hemisphere, and the tallest", "title": "KVLY-TV mast" }, { "id": "5341347", "text": "Emirates Towers The Emirates Towers () is a building complex in Dubai that contains the Emirates Office Tower and Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel. The two towers, which rise to and , respectively, stand as the 42nd and 100th tallest buildings in the world. The two towers are connected by a 9,000 m² (96,875 ft²) two-storey retail complex known as \"The Boulevard\". The Emirates Towers complex is located on the Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is a symbol of the city of Dubai. The Emirates Towers was constructed by the construction wing of Al Ghurair Investment group.", "title": "Emirates Towers" }, { "id": "18646309", "text": "When completed in 1973, the South Tower, Two World Trade Center (the South Tower) became the second tallest building in the world at ; the South Tower's rooftop observation deck was high and its indoor observation deck was high. Each tower stood over high, and occupied about of the total of the site's land. During a press conference in 1973, Yamasaki was asked, \"Why two 110-story buildings? Why not one 220-story building?\" His tongue-in-cheek response was: \"I didn't want to lose the human scale.\" When completed in 1972, 1 World Trade Center became the tallest building in the world for", "title": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)" }, { "id": "7086795", "text": "Adrian Smith, then of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). He also was lead architect on the Jin Mao Tower, Pearl River Tower, and Trump International Hotel & Tower Adrian Smith and his own firm are the architects for the building which, in 2020, will replace the Burj-Khalifa as the tallest building in the world. The Jeddah Tower in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is planned to be 1,008 meters, or (3,307 ft) tall, which will make it the tallest building in the world, and the first building to be more than one kilometer in height. Construction began in 2013, and the project", "title": "Contemporary architecture" }, { "id": "2749298", "text": "Place ended the gentlemen's agreement which had limited building heights to no higher than William Penn's hat. The tallest statue atop any building in the world is the tall statue of William Penn, sculpted by Alexander Milne Calder. Approximately 88 million bricks and several thousand tons of stone were used in construction. There are four bronze eagles, each weighing three tons with wingspans, perched above the tower's four clocks. The building was voted #21 on the American Institute of Architects' list of Americans' 150 favorite U.S. structures in 2007. City Hall is situated on land that was reserved as a", "title": "Philadelphia City Hall" }, { "id": "174403", "text": "Wetland Park on 22 August 2017, and at Tai Mo Shan on 24 January 2016. Hong Kong has the world's largest number of skyscrapers, with 317 towers taller than , and the third-largest number of high-rise buildings in the world. The lack of available space restricted development to high-density residential tenements and commercial complexes packed closely together on buildable land. Single-family detached homes are extremely rare, and generally only found in outlying areas. The International Commerce Centre and Two International Finance Centre are the tallest buildings in Hong Kong and among the tallest in the Asia-Pacific region. Other distinctive buildings", "title": "Hong Kong" }, { "id": "503105", "text": "in Chicago and the ninth-tallest in the United States, after One World Trade Center, the Willis Tower, 432 Park Avenue, the Trump Tower Chicago, the Empire State Building, the Bank of America Tower, 30 Hudson Yards and the Aon Center. When measured to the top of its antenna masts, it stands at . The building is home to several offices and restaurants, as well as about 700 condominiums. It also contains the third-highest residence in the world, after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai and the Trump Tower in Chicago. The building was named for John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company,", "title": "875 North Michigan Avenue" }, { "id": "7208291", "text": "Canton Tower The Canton Tower (), formally Guangzhou TV Astronomical and Sightseeing Tower (), is a tall multi-purpose observation tower in the Haizhu District of the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton). The tower was topped out in 2009 and it became operational on 29 September 2010 for the 2010 Asian Games. The tower briefly held the title of tallest tower in the world, replacing the CN Tower, before being surpassed by the Tokyo Skytree. It was the tallest structure in China prior to the topping out of Shanghai Tower on 3 August 2013. It is now the second", "title": "Canton Tower" }, { "id": "2080857", "text": "he climbed the world's tallest building, the 830-meter Burj Khalifa tower in Dubai. On that occasion, he used a harness in accordance with safety procedure, but most of his climbs have been free soloing. Other well-known structures that Robert has climbed include the Empire State Building in New York City, the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, the Sears Tower in Chicago, the Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai, The Doha Torch in Doha, Taipei 101 in Taiwan, and each of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He has also climbed a number of famous landmarks, including the Eiffel Tower", "title": "Buildering" }, { "id": "13570316", "text": "to be tall, but its true height is not known. For thousands of years, the Great Pyramid in Egypt was the tallest \"structure\" in the world, but the Great Pyramid is not considered a building since it is not habitable. The earliest structures now known to be the tallest in the world were the Egyptian pyramids, with the Great Pyramid of Giza, at an original height of , being the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years, until the construction of Lincoln Cathedral in 1300. From then until the completion of the Washington Monument (capped in 1884)", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "11788647", "text": "building has been scaled down from its initial (about one mile) proposal, which was never fully designed, to a height of at least (the exact height is being kept private while in development, similar to the Burj Khalifa). At about one kilometre, Jeddah Tower would still be by far the tallest building or structure in the world to date, standing taller than the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Jeddah Tower's plot with surrounding buildings will be the first of a three phase Jeddah Economic City development. The three phase project proposed for a large area of undeveloped waterfront", "title": "Jeddah Tower" }, { "id": "13570317", "text": "the world's tallest buildings were churches or cathedrals. Later, the Eiffel Tower and, still later, some radio masts and television towers were the world's tallest structures. However, though all of these are \"structures\", some are not \"buildings\" in the sense of being regularly inhabited or occupied. It is in this sense of being regularly inhabited or occupied that the term \"building\" is generally understood to mean when determining what is the world's tallest building. The non-profit international organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), which maintains a set of criteria for determining the height of tall buildings, defines", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "2901561", "text": "landmarks. Prominent examples include Elizabeth Tower built in 1859, which houses the Great Bell (generally known as \"Big Ben\") in London, the tower of Philadelphia City Hall, the Rajabai Tower in Mumbai, the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin, the Torre dell'Orologio in the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Italy, and the Zytglogge clock tower in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. The tallest freestanding clock tower in the world is the Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower (Old Joe) at the University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. The tower stands at tall and was completed in 1908. The clock", "title": "Clock tower" }, { "id": "2789446", "text": "Studio City, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai Industrial City and Dubai Knowledge Village. Developed by Nakheel Properties, part of Dubai World, the development of the three planned Palm Islands was halted by the global financial crisis of 2009. The first of the islands, the Palm Jumeirah, has been completed and developed, while the second, the Palm Jebel Ali, has completed land reclamation but not been further developed. The third and largest Palm, the Palm Deira, has been scaled back and re-launched as the Deira Islands. On 4 January 2010, Sheikh Mohammed opened Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building, with a display", "title": "Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum" }, { "id": "7086794", "text": "A new construction technology, the framed tube structure, was first developed in the United States in 1963 by structural engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan of Skimore, Owings and Merrill, which permitted the construction of super-tall buildings, which needed fewer interior walls, had more window space, and could better resist lateral forces, such as strong winds. The Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates is the tallest structure in the world, standing at . Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed 5 years later in 2009. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. Burj Khalifa was designed by", "title": "Contemporary architecture" }, { "id": "10211679", "text": "whose 254 metre-tall Tower I became the tallest residential buildings in India (with Tower II slightly behind) upon completion in 2010 - a distinction it held until it was displaced by One Avighna Park (266 metre) in 2017. Contractor is the architect for The 42 in Kolkata, which is expected to be completed in 2018, but has architecturally topped out at 268m. He also designed 23 Marina in Dubai, which was briefly the world's tallest all-residential building, and currently third behind the nearby Princess Tower and 432 Park Avenue in New York City. Contractor's other projects include the domestic terminal", "title": "Hafeez Contractor" }, { "id": "7963918", "text": "Cayan Tower Cayan Tower, known as Infinity Tower before it was inaugurated, is a , 75-story skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates by Cayan Real Estate Investment and Development. The tower is designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill SOM architectural group, the same group who did the concept design for the Burj Khalifa, also in Dubai, and Trump Tower in Chicago. Upon its opening on 10 June 2013, the tower became world's tallest high-rise building with a twist of 90 degrees. This record has since been surpassed by the Shanghai Tower, which opened in February 2015. In 2018 Rotana Hotels", "title": "Cayan Tower" }, { "id": "18646310", "text": "two years, surpassing the Empire State Building after a 40-year reign. The North Tower stood tall and featured a telecommunications antenna or mast that was added at the top of the roof in 1978 and stood tall. With the -tall antenna/mast, the highest point of the North Tower reached . Chicago's Sears Tower, finished in , reached at the rooftop. Throughout their existence, the WTC towers had more floors (at 110) than any other building. This number was not surpassed until the advent of the Burj Khalifa, which opened in 2010. Each tower had a total mass of around 500,000", "title": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)" }, { "id": "1643986", "text": "green building. Upon its completion, Taipei 101 was the world's tallest inhabited building, at as measured to its height architectural top (spire), exceeding the Petronas Towers, which were previously the tallest inhabited skyscraper at . The height to the top of the roof, at , and highest occupied floor, at , surpassed the previous records of and , respectively; the Willis Tower had previously held that distinction. It also surpassed the 85-story, Tuntex Sky Tower in Kaohsiung as the tallest building in Taiwan and the 51-story, Shin Kong Life Tower as the tallest building in Taipei. Taipei 101 claimed the", "title": "Taipei 101" }, { "id": "85076", "text": "Chrysler Building The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco–style skyscraper located on the East Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan. At , the structure was the world's tallest building for 11 months before it was surpassed by the Empire State Building in 1931. It is the tallest brick building in the world with a steel framework. , the Chrysler is the eighth-tallest building in the city, tied with The New York Times Building. Originally a project of real estate developer and former", "title": "Chrysler Building" }, { "id": "10757001", "text": "is managed by Silverstein Properties through a ground lease with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, who owns the land. It is high, with 80 stories. , it is the sixth-tallest building in the city. The Marriott World Trade Center was a 22-story steel-framed hotel building with 825 rooms. It had a roof height of 73.7 m (242 ft) and was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Its structural engineer was Leslie E. Robertson Associates with Tishman Construction serving as the main contractor. Construction began in 1979. It opened in July 1981 as the Vista International Hotel", "title": "3 World Trade Center" }, { "id": "12675364", "text": "the building was expected to earn LEED Silver certification, but along the way improvements were made and the building ultimately earned LEED Gold certification. The building was designed by architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM.) SOM has also designed buildings such as the Willis Tower, the world's current tallest building - the Burj Khalifa - in the United Arab Emirates, and the Air Force Academy Chapel in Colorado Springs. SOM also designed the One World Trade Center, which was built near where the destroyed World Trade Center once stood. The shape of the building is designed to optimize", "title": "222 Main" }, { "id": "403179", "text": "better construction and engineering technology became available as the century progressed, New York City and Chicago became the focal point of the competition for the tallest building in the world. Each city's striking skyline has been composed of numerous and varied skyscrapers, many of which are icons of 20th-century architecture: Momentum in setting records passed from the United States to other nations with the opening of the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1998. The record for the world's tallest building has remained in Asia since the opening of Taipei 101 in Taipei, Taiwan, in 2004. A number", "title": "Skyscraper" }, { "id": "14969503", "text": "the monument was completed in mid-October 2018; and the inaugural ceremony was held on 31 October 2018, presided over by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The statue has been described as a tribute to Indian engineering skills. The Statue of Unity is the world's tallest statue at . It rises higher than the previous record holder, the Spring Temple Buddha in China's Henan province. Within India, the record was earlier held by the statue of Hanuman at the Paritala Anjaneya Temple near Vijayawada in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The statue can be seen within a radius. The monument is constructed", "title": "Statue of Unity" }, { "id": "13570330", "text": "percent, but in the future it is expected to be as low as 46 percent. By 2010, less than half of the 100 tallest buildings in the world were office towers with the majority utilized as residential and mixed use. Presently, only four out of the ten tallest buildings in the world, and twenty eight out of the fifty tallest in the world, are used primarily as offices. A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (uses), where each of the functions occupies a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "13570323", "text": "was destroyed by a 1953 tornado and rebuilt. If the original spire was as tall as is claimed, then the Mole Antonelliana was the world's tallest building from 1889 to 1908, surpassing Philadelphia City Hall by . The buildings that were the tallest secular skyscrapers, which excludes religious buildings, were: The list of tallest buildings is based on the default metric of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), that of measuring to the highest architectural element. Other criteria would generate a different list. Shanghai World Financial Center is not on the above list, but it surpassed Taipei", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "1850912", "text": "Petronius (oil platform) Petronius is a deepwater compliant tower oil platform operated by Chevron in the Gulf of Mexico, 210 km southeast of New Orleans, United States. A compliant piled tower design, it is 609.9 metres (2,001 ft) high, and was arguably the tallest free-standing structure in the world, until surpassed by the Burj Khalifa in 2010, although this claim is disputed since only 75 metres of the platform are above water. The multi-deck topsides are 64 metres by 43 metres by 18.3 metres high and hold 21 well slots, and the entire structure weighs around 43,000 tons. Around 8,000", "title": "Petronius (oil platform)" }, { "id": "11202971", "text": "(Tregunter) tower 3 was designed by Rocco Yim Architects Ltd and constructed by Hip Hing Construction Co. Ltd. Tregunter 3 stands significantly taller than the first two buildings of the complex at 220 m (721 feet) with 66 stories. The top floor of Tregunter 3 stands above sea level. Upon its completion, Tregunter 3 was the world's tallest all-residential building, taking the title from the Lake Point Tower in Chicago. Tregunter 3 held this distinction until the completion of Trump World Tower in 2001. The three Tregunter towers share the common facilities which often regarded as one of the most", "title": "Tregunter Towers" }, { "id": "2891063", "text": "KXTV/KOVR tower The KXTV/KOVR Tower is a guyed communication tower in Walnut Grove, California, United States, which rises to 2,049 feet (624.5 m) in height from sea level. Built in 1986, it is the tallest structure in California, the third-tallest guyed mast in the world (as of 2001), and the seventh tallest structure to have ever existed if the destroyed Warsaw radio mast, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, and the Tokyo Sky Tree in Tokyo are included. Omni-directional TV transmitters on the tower carry the over-the-air (OTA) broadcast signals for KXTV-TV channel 10 (virtual and transmit) and KOVR-TV channel 13", "title": "KXTV/KOVR tower" }, { "id": "76073", "text": "thus partially supported by its buoyancy. Like the CN Tower, none of these taller structures are commonly considered buildings. On September 12, 2007, Burj Khalifa, which is a hotel, residential and commercial building in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and was formerly known as Burj Dubai before opening, passed the CN Tower's 553.33-metre height. The CN Tower held the record of tallest free-standing structure on land for over 30 years. After Burj Khalifa had been formally recognized by the Guinness World Records as the world's tallest freestanding structure, Guinness re-certified CN Tower as the world's tallest freestanding tower. The tower definition", "title": "CN Tower" }, { "id": "2199203", "text": "building in the world with a roof-top heliport from its completion in 1989 to 2010 when the China World Trade Center Tower III opened. It is also the third-tallest building in a major active seismic region; its structure was designed to resist an earthquake of 8.3 on the Richter scale. It consists of 73 stories above ground and two parking levels below ground. Construction began in 1987 with completion in 1989. The building was designed by Henry N. Cobb of the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners and cost $350 million to build. It is one of the most", "title": "U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)" }, { "id": "16698604", "text": "One Raffles Place One Raffles Place, formerly Overseas Union Bank Centre or OUB Centre is one of the tallest skyscrapers in the city of Singapore. It was the tallest together with the UOB Plaza and Republic Plaza until the construction of Tanjong Pagar Centre in 2016. At , it was also the tallest building in the world outside North America at the time of its completion in 1986, surpassing South Korea's 63 Building completed one year earlier, until it was succeeded by the Bank of China Tower. The building sits at the city centre of Raffles Place. Frenchman Alain Robert,", "title": "One Raffles Place" }, { "id": "13570321", "text": "of world's tallest building was borne by shorter buildings. St. Mary's Church in Stralsund became the world's tallest building after the collapse of Lincoln Cathedral's spire. The central tower of St. Pierre's Cathedral was tallest from 1569 until it collapsed in 1573, making St. Mary's the tallest once again. In 1647, the bell tower of St. Mary's burned down, making the shorter Strasbourg Cathedral the world's tallest building. It was not until the completion of the Ulm Minster in 1890 that the world's tallest building was again also the tallest building ever constructed, surpassing the original configuration of Lincoln Cathedral.", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "770547", "text": "Burj Khalifa Tower in Dubai (present tallest tower in the world) and The Imperial Twin Towers, Tardeo, Mumbai, India. He has also been consulted on the design of a bonfire at Texas A & M University. National Academy of Engineering, American Concrete Institute, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Institute of Steel Construction. He received the Distinguished Alumni Award in 2002 from the College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is a registered professional engineer in Illinois, Georgia, Texas, Missouri, Colorado, California (Civil) California (Structural Authority), Florida, Michigan, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Minnesota, Washington, D.C., United", "title": "Joseph Colaco" }, { "id": "18646276", "text": "World Trade Center (1973–2001) The original World Trade Center was a large complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. It featured the landmark Twin Towers, which opened on April 4, 1973 and were destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks. At the time of their completion, the Twin Towers — the original 1 World Trade Center, at ; and 2 World Trade Center, at — were the tallest buildings in the world. Other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC), 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6 WTC, and 7 WTC.", "title": "World Trade Center (1973–2001)" }, { "id": "2172777", "text": "tour in which audience questions and on-stage participation guided the show, and Yanni played a piano without a band. In addition to performing at historic venues such as Royal Albert Hall (London; 1995 & 2014), Yanni has been permitted to perform at such world landmarks as the Acropolis of Athens (Greece; 1993), the Taj Mahal (Agra, India; 1997), the Forbidden City (Beijing, China; 1997), the Burj Khalifa (the world's tallest building; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 2011), the Kremlin (Moscow, Russia; 2011), the Castillo San Felipe del Morro (\"El Morro\" UNESCO World Heritage Site, in San Juan, Puerto Rico, U.S. territory;", "title": "Yanni" }, { "id": "11134286", "text": "the Cusseta Richland Towers Tower, a 538.2 meter guyed mast situated at 32°19′16.4″N, 84°47′28.2″W, surpassed it in height. WTVM/WRBL-TV & WVRK-FM Tower WTVM/WRBL-TV & WVRK-FM Tower, also known as the WTVM TV Mast, is a 533-meter guyed mast used for television broadcasting by WTVM/WRBL and FM radio broadcasting by WVRK-FM. It is located near Cusseta, Georgia, USA at 32°19′26.0″N, 84°46′46″W. At the time of its completion during 1962, the WTVM/WRBL-TV & WVRK-FM Tower was the tallest structure in the world. However, during 1963 WIMZ-FM-Tower in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA exceeded it. Presently, despite being comparable in height to the Willis Tower", "title": "WTVM/WRBL-TV & WVRK-FM Tower" }, { "id": "85158", "text": "modern tenants include: Chrysler Building The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco–style skyscraper located on the East Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan. At , the structure was the world's tallest building for 11 months before it was surpassed by the Empire State Building in 1931. It is the tallest brick building in the world with a steel framework. , the Chrysler is the eighth-tallest building in the city, tied with The New York Times Building. Originally a project of real estate", "title": "Chrysler Building" }, { "id": "14640438", "text": "of India for height in 2010 and height in 2015, so as of 2018 World One still has approval for height only (approximately 76 floors). There are 2 other towers under this project: The World View is a 82 floor residential tower with a height of 291 metres. The construction of building has begun. The World Crest is a 57 floor residential tower with a height of 223 metres. Construction on the tower began in 2011, and was completed in 2017. World One World One is a supertall residential skyscraper on hold in Mumbai, India. It is located in Lower", "title": "World One" }, { "id": "403182", "text": "spot where they stand. The following list measures height of the roof. The more common gauge is the \"highest architectural detail\"; such ranking would have included Petronas Towers, built in 1996. Many skyscrapers were never built due to financial problems, politics and culture. The Chicago Spire was to be the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, but it was on hold due to the global financial crisis of 2008. One year later, the project was cancelled. Proposals for such structures have been put forward, including the Burj Mubarak Al Kabir in Kuwait and Azerbaijan Tower in Baku. Kilometer-plus structures present", "title": "Skyscraper" }, { "id": "8149839", "text": "altered over the last generation with new high-rise 'skyscrapers' erected reflecting London's predominance as a global financial centre. Renzo Piano's 310m The Shard is the tallest building in the European Union, the fourth-tallest building in Europe and the 96th-tallest building in the world Other notable modern buildings include City Hall in Southwark with its distinctive ovular shape, the Postmodernist British Library in Somers Town and No 1 Poultry by James Stirling, the Great Court of the British Museum, and the striking Millennium Dome next to the Thames east of Canary Wharf. The 1933 Battersea Power Station and the Tate Modern", "title": "Architecture of London" }, { "id": "85101", "text": "the building was declared complete, but the New York City Department of Construction did not mark it as finished until February 1932. The added height of the spire allowed the Chrysler Building to surpass 40 Wall Street as the tallest building in the world and the Eiffel Tower as the tallest structure. The Chrysler Building was thus the first man-made structure to be taller than ; and as one newspaper noted, the tower was also taller than the highest points of five states. The Chrysler Building was appraised at $14 million, but was exempt from city taxes per an 1859", "title": "Chrysler Building" }, { "id": "369670", "text": "in the world. The Shanghai Tower, completed in 2015, is the tallest building in China, as well as the second tallest in the world. With a height of , the building has 128 floors and a total floor area of above ground. The distinctive Oriental Pearl Tower, at , is located nearby, as is One Lujiazui, standing at . The extensive public park system in Shanghai offers the citizens some reprieve from the urban jungle. By the year 2012, the city had 157 parks, with 138 of them free of charge. Some of the parks, aside from offering a green", "title": "Shanghai" }, { "id": "13570320", "text": "with no iron nails. It had a standing total height of 68 m (223 ft) or 80 m (262 ft), making it the tallest structure in East Asia and the tallest wooden structure in the world at the time of its construction. From the 13th century until 1894, the world's tallest building was always a church or cathedral. Old St Paul's Cathedral with its spire was completed in the 13th century. The central spire of Lincoln Cathedral surpassed Old St Paul's in the early 14th century. The Lincoln Cathedral's spire collapsed in 1549, beginning a long interval where the status", "title": "History of the world's tallest buildings" }, { "id": "18800787", "text": "Burj Mubarak al-Kabir The Burj Mubarak al-Kabir is a proposed megatall skyscraper in Kuwait City, Kuwait. It will be part of the future city called Madinat al-Hareer. Expected completion is likely to be around in 2030. If built, it would become the world's tallest building, surpassing the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Its height is in order to reflect the folk tale collection One Thousand and One Arabian Nights If built, The tower would be the tallest skyscraper in Kuwait, surpassing Al Hamra Tower. Skyscrapers do not normally exceed 80 floors due to the amount of space that would be taken", "title": "Burj Mubarak al-Kabir" }, { "id": "18800784", "text": "Burj Mubarak al-Kabir The Burj Mubarak al-Kabir is a proposed megatall skyscraper in Kuwait City, Kuwait. It will be part of the future city called Madinat al-Hareer. Expected completion is likely to be around in 2030. If built, it would become the world's tallest building, surpassing the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Its height is in order to reflect the folk tale collection One Thousand and One Arabian Nights If built, The tower would be the tallest skyscraper in Kuwait, surpassing Al Hamra Tower. Skyscrapers do not normally exceed 80 floors due to the amount of space that would be taken", "title": "Burj Mubarak al-Kabir" }, { "id": "7086817", "text": "airports in the world. The new Terminal Three was designed by Norman Foster to handle the increased number of passengers coming for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The terminal is the second largest in the world, after the Dulles Airport terminal near Washington, DC, and in 2008 was the sixth largest building in the world. The flat-roofed building looks like part of the runway from above. The World Trade Center Transportation Hub is a station constructed beneath fountain and plaza honoring the victims of the 2001 terrorist attacks in 2001 in New York City, It was designed by Spanish architect Santiago", "title": "Contemporary architecture" }, { "id": "5327819", "text": "facilities were often mentioned in propaganda. Other examples were the Deutschlandsender Herzberg/Elster and the Warsaw Radio Mast. KVLY-TV's tower located near Blanchard, North Dakota was the tallest artificial structure in the world when it was completed in 1963. It was surpassed in 1974 by the Warszawa radio mast, but regained its title when the latter collapsed in 1991. It was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa skyscraper in early 2009, but the KVLY-TV mast is still the tallest transmitter. Broadcast transmitter A broadcast transmitter refers to an installation used for broadcasting, including radio transmitter or television transmitter equipment, the antenna, and", "title": "Broadcast transmitter" }, { "id": "3452123", "text": "most distinctive pairs of skyscrapers. Emirates Office Tower The Emirates Office Tower, also known as Emirates Tower One, is a 54-floor office building along Sheikh Zayed Road in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Connected with the 56-floor Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel by a retail boulevard, the two towers form what is commonly referred to as the Emirates Towers complex. The tower has a total structural height of and roof height of , making it the 41st-tallest building in the world. The Emirates Office Tower One is taller than the neighboring Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel, but has two fewer", "title": "Emirates Office Tower" }, { "id": "16789680", "text": "in Pudong Park in Lujiazui, Shanghai, China, is the world’s third tallest TV and radio tower at , the tallest such building in Asia. The tower houses restaurants, theaters, a conference hall, and a hotel and is a significant tourist attraction in the city. The tower has been met a mixed reception, however. \"The New York Times\" described it as a \"great phallic monster of truly monumental ugliness, a bit like an enormous asparagus with a silver ball on top.\" The long steel column tower is considered by some to be proof of the city's phallic worship, and that such", "title": "Phallic architecture" }, { "id": "10756999", "text": "3 World Trade Center 3 World Trade Center (also known as 175 Greenwich Street) is a skyscraper constructed as part of the rebuilding of the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The tower is located on the east side of Greenwich Street, on the eastern side of the World Trade Center site. The current 3 World Trade Center is the second building at the site to bear this name. The original building was the Marriott World Trade Center, a hotel located in the southwest corner of the World Trade Center complex. The hotel was a 22-story steel-framed", "title": "3 World Trade Center" }, { "id": "76040", "text": "world's tallest tower until 2009 being overtaken by Burj Khalifa and Canton Tower, respectively. It is now the ninth tallest free-standing structure in the world and remains the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. In 1995, the CN Tower was declared one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It also belongs to the World Federation of Great Towers. It is a signature icon of Toronto's skyline and attracts more than two million international visitors annually. The original concept of the CN Tower originated in 1968 when the Canadian National Railway", "title": "CN Tower" }, { "id": "3401670", "text": "Downtown Dubai. It is designed to be the centrepiece of large-scale, mixed-use development. The decision to construct the building is based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy, and for Dubai to gain international recognition. The building was originally named \"Burj Dubai\" but was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts. The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world. Burj Khalifa was", "title": "Burj Khalifa" }, { "id": "7103916", "text": "2016. The following is a breakdown of floors of the 151 Incheon Tower: 102 Incheon Tower The 102 Incheon Tower was a supertall twin tower proposed for construction in Songdo International City, Incheon, South Korea. The design consists of two 151 floor, supertall skyscrapers connected by three skybridges. the building will become the tallest twin towers in the world, surpassing the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and one of the tallest buildings in Asia. After the late-2000s recession, the tower was postponed with the possibility of a redesign at a lower height. The height of the supertall was reduced", "title": "102 Incheon Tower" }, { "id": "12867350", "text": "the United States' experience. He dismissed overall construction and investment statistics, focusing only on record-breaking projects. The first notable example was the Panic of 1907. Two record-breaking skyscrapers, the Singer Building and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, were launched in New York before the panic and completed in 1908 and 1909, respectively. Met Life remained the world's tallest building until 1913. Another string of supertall towers – 40 Wall Street, the Chrysler Building, the Empire State Building – was launched shortly before the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The next record holders, the World Trade Center towers and the", "title": "Skyscraper Index" }, { "id": "6503767", "text": "Tower running Tower running is a sport which involves running up tall man-made structures. Usually the races take place on the internal staircases of skyscrapers, but the term can cover any foot race which involves a course that ascends a man-made structure. Tower running races often take place at the world's tallest structures, including Taipei 101 (Taipei), Menara Tower (Kuala Lumpur), Willis Tower (Chicago), CN Tower (Toronto), Eiffel Tower (Paris) Eureka Tower (Melbourne), Swissotel (Singapore), Tower 42 (London), the Empire State Building (New York), the Bitexco Financial Tower (Ho Chi Minh City), and the Colpatria Tower (Colombia). Races are held", "title": "Tower running" }, { "id": "2750394", "text": "when measured to its highest floor, until surpassed by Ocean Heights and the HHHR Tower in Dubai. It is the second tallest building in Australia, behind Q1, Queensland, and is the tallest to roof (excluding spire). As of 2016 it was the 15th tallest residential building in the world. Eureka Tower is named after the Eureka Stockade, a rebellion during the Victorian gold rush in 1854. This has been incorporated into the design, with the building's gold crown representing the gold rush and a red stripe representing the blood spilt during the revolt. The blue glass cladding that covers most", "title": "Eureka Tower" }, { "id": "7292406", "text": "1974. Construction began in 1982 and finished on 11 March 1988. The Mosque is also known as the Blue Mosque owing to its blue dome. The building has the distinction of having the largest religious dome in the world, it measures 51.2 m (167 ft) in diameter and reaches 106.7 m (350 ft) above ground level. The four minarets, each reaching 142.3 m (460 ft) above ground level are the 2nd tallest in the world, the distinction of the world's highest being held by the Hassan II Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الحسن الثاني) in Casablanca, Morocco. In its early years, the", "title": "Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque" }, { "id": "2244985", "text": "Palace of the Parliament The Palace of the Parliament () is the seat of the Parliament of Romania. Located on Dealul Arsenalului in the national capital city of central Bucharest (Sector 5), it is the second largest administrative building in the world after The Pentagon. The Palace has a height of , a floor area of and a volume of . The Palace of the Parliament is the heaviest building in the world, weighing about . A colossal building, designed and supervised by chief architect Anca Petrescu (1949–2013), with a team of approximately 700 architects, and constructed over a period", "title": "Palace of the Parliament" }, { "id": "2199210", "text": "2010 and whose roof-top helipad is 330 m (1,083 feet) high. As of March 2018, the world's tallest building with a roof-top helipad was the Guangzhou International Finance Center, which also was completed in 2010 and whose roof-top helipad is 439 m (1,439 feet) high. U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles) U.S. Bank Tower, formerly Library Tower and First Interstate Bank World Center, is a skyscraper at 633 West Fifth Street in downtown Los Angeles, California, United States. It is the third-tallest building in California, the second-tallest building in Los Angeles, the fifteenth-tallest in the United States, the third-tallest west of", "title": "U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)" }, { "id": "13950171", "text": "shot off fireworks to celebrate its official opening. On Jan 1, 2018, Lotte shot off fireworks with LED laser show for 7 minutes to celebrate New Year's Day and the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. On March 17, 2016, prior to the final phase of external construction, the Diagrid lantern-shaped roof structure was completed. The roof structure was constructed with steel counterparts that are each 12 meters and weigh 20 tons. The counterparts were made up of bent metal panels that are 6 cm thick, and the structure itself is 120 meters high, and it covers floors 107–123. Approximately 3,000 tons", "title": "Lotte World Tower" }, { "id": "13464576", "text": "Emaar announced, based on results of a naming contest, the fountain would be named the Dubai Fountain. Address Downtown Dubai is a supertall skyscraper rising 306 meters (1,004 feet) alongside the Dubai Mall, the Old Town, and the Burj Khalifa Lake in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. This hotel and residential tower contains a total of 63 floors. The tower is another supertall structure in the massive development of Downtown Dubai, which includes the centerpiece supertall building, Burj Khalifa. The tower was topped out in April 2008, becoming the 6th-tallest building in Dubai and the 36th-tallest in the world. In September", "title": "Downtown Dubai" }, { "id": "7765093", "text": "The Marina Torch The Marina Torch, also known as Dubai Torch, Dubai Torch Tower, and The Torch, is a residential skyscraper in Dubai Marina in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The tower is tall, with 79 floors above ground. It became the tallest residential building in the world in 2011, surpassing Q1 in Gold Coast, Australia. It lost the record in 2012 to Dubai's Elite Residence. The Marina Torch was damaged by fire on 21 February 2015 and again on 4 August 2017, while it was undergoing restorative work. The original concept design by architects Khatib and Alami was 74 floors,", "title": "The Marina Torch" }, { "id": "7730623", "text": "One World Trade Center One World Trade Center (also known as One WTC, 1 World Trade Center, 1 WTC, or Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City. One WTC is the tallest building in the United States, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, and the sixth-tallest in the world. The supertall structure has the same name as the North Tower of the original World Trade Center, which was destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The new skyscraper stands on the northwest corner of the", "title": "One World Trade Center" }, { "id": "7730706", "text": "One World Trade Center One World Trade Center (also known as One WTC, 1 World Trade Center, 1 WTC, or Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City. One WTC is the tallest building in the United States, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, and the sixth-tallest in the world. The supertall structure has the same name as the North Tower of the original World Trade Center, which was destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The new skyscraper stands on the northwest corner of the", "title": "One World Trade Center" }, { "id": "7103914", "text": "102 Incheon Tower The 102 Incheon Tower was a supertall twin tower proposed for construction in Songdo International City, Incheon, South Korea. The design consists of two 151 floor, supertall skyscrapers connected by three skybridges. the building will become the tallest twin towers in the world, surpassing the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and one of the tallest buildings in Asia. After the late-2000s recession, the tower was postponed with the possibility of a redesign at a lower height. The height of the supertall was reduced from 613 metres to 490 metres while keeping the design the same. The", "title": "102 Incheon Tower" } ]

[ "July 2, 2013" ]

[ { "id": "386341", "text": "Pence, who had broken his arm in spring training, back to the lineup, with a fine debut performance in a lopsided win in Cincinnati. The victory gave the Giants a winning record and another boost to their morale. On June 9, 2015, Chris Heston pitched the 17th no-hitter in Giants history against the New York Mets, making 110 pitches, striking out 11 including three called strikeouts in the 9th inning, with the only baserunners being 3 hit batsmen. Heston also had two hits and drove in two runs in the game. The no-hitter was the third by a Giants rookie", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "12046372", "text": "Series MVP award. Early in the 2013 season, the Giants were in first place in the National League West. However, in May, during a road trip to Toronto, the Giants began a slide into last place. They struggled both offensively and defensively due to several players being injured throughout the season, most notably Ángel Pagán, who suffered a hamstring injury mid-season and was out for 12 weeks, and were no-hit against the Cincinnati Reds. Buster Posey, who had won the previous year's National League batting title, experienced a significant drop-off, hitting just 15 home runs (and just two in the", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "12046375", "text": "the 2013 season with a 76-86 record. The Giants' .469 record marked their first losing record since 2008 and one of the worst records ever for a team that had won the World Series the previous year, behind only the 1998 Florida Marlins. One notable highlight was Tim Lincecum throwing his first no-hitter against the San Diego Padres at Petco Park in a 9-0 victory. A notable oddity happened during a doubleheader with the Cincinnati Reds on July 23 in which the Reds were the designated home team for Game 2 even though the Giants were playing at home. The", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "19807760", "text": "with major injuries to the team, including star wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr., had the Giants suffer to a franchise worst 3–13 record. By Week 10, after losing to the previously winless 49ers, the Giants were standing at 1–8, their worst record since 1980. The Giants were officially eliminated from playoff contention on November 26, 2017 when the Falcons defeated the Buccaneers 34-20, the Panthers defeated the Jets 35–27 and the Eagles defeated the Bears 31-3. On November 28, it was announced that Geno Smith was to start against the Raiders, which snapped Eli Manning's 210 consecutive games started streak,", "title": "2017 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "19807763", "text": "record for most losses in a single season in franchise history, eclipsing the previous record of 12, done five times: 1966, 1974, 1980, 1983 and 2003 and the worst under a 16-game schedule format. The Giants ultimately finished the season 3–13, their worst record in a 16-game season, worst winning percentage since 1974, the worst record in the Eli Manning era, their worst record since 2003, finished dead last in the NFC East for the first time since 2003, and second-worst in the league behind the winless Browns. The Giants also went 1-11 against the NFC in 2017 and 1-5", "title": "2017 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "7698366", "text": "defeated the Dodgers 1–0. On September 29, 1976, Montefusco threw a no-hitter for the Giants in a 9-0 victory versus the Atlanta Braves. It was the last no-hitter to be thrown by a Giant until Jonathan Sánchez threw one on July 10, 2009. In October 1997, Montefusco was arrested and charged with beating his former wife of 23 years Doris, whom he had recently divorced, in her Colts Neck, New Jersey home. He was held on $60,000 bail and was charged with aggravated sexual assault, making terroristic threats, assault, burglary and criminal mischief. Montefusco was indicted in December 1997 and", "title": "John Montefusco" }, { "id": "386332", "text": "May, during a road trip to Toronto, the Giants began a slide into last place. They struggled both offensively and defensively due to several players being injured throughout the season, most notably Ángel Pagán, who suffered a hamstring injury mid-season and was out for 12 weeks, and were no-hit against the Cincinnati Reds. Buster Posey, who had won the previous year's National League batting title, experienced a significant drop-off, hitting just 15 home runs (and just two in the second half of the season) and slumping to a .294 average. Although the Giants won the season series over every team", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "19127752", "text": "season in 2011. The Giants' first playoff game since Super Bowl XLVI ended in disaster, as they were upended by the Green Bay Packers in the Wild Card round at Lambeau Field. The Giants only managed to score 13 points and allowed a season high 38 points, ending their season. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Giants won at AT&T Stadium for the first time since 2012 and started 1–0 for the first time since 2010. With the return of Victor Cruz, the Giants fought hard with Dak Prescott and his game. Cruz had 4 catches for 34", "title": "2016 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "12046376", "text": "Reds won Game 1, 9-3, and the Giants prevailed in Game 2, 5-3. The Giants acquired outfielder Michael Morse and starting pitcher Tim Hudson in the offseason. At one point, the Giants had twice as many wins as they had losses, sporting a 42-21 record. However, their 9.5 game lead over the Dodgers dissipated. Lincecum pitched his second no-hitter, also against the Padres. With a won-loss record of 12-9, Lincecum achieved more wins than his previous 2 seasons, though second-half struggles put Lincecum out of the starting rotation. The Giants finished the season with an 88-74 record, the first time", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "19807765", "text": "record. After a 31-21 loss to the previously winless San Francisco 49ers, the Giants were at 1-8, their worst record since going 1-9 in 1980. After losing to the Washington Redskins on Thanksgiving Day in Week 12, the Giants were mathematically eliminated from playoff contention three days later after the Panthers defeated the Jets 35-27 and their rival Eagles defeated the Bears 31-3. Quarterback Eli Manning's benching snapped a record 210 games started by Manning, with Geno Smith playing as starter against the Raiders. After a 24-17 loss to the Raiders, it was revealed that both head coach Ben McAdoo", "title": "2017 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "12053145", "text": "seventeenth no-hitter in Giants franchise history. This was the third no-hitter during which Posey played catcher and the fourth overall, as he started at first base in Tim Lincecum's second career no-hitter. This puts him one behind the record for no-hitters caught, held by the Philadelphia Phillies' Carlos Ruiz and the Boston Red Sox' Jason Varitek. On June 19, 2015, in a 9–5 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers at Dodger Stadium, Posey hit a grand slam and stole a base, becoming the first Giants catcher in 112 years since Roger Bresnahan to accomplish the feat. Four days later, in", "title": "Buster Posey" }, { "id": "19807780", "text": "to 3-13. With the Colts victory, the Giants locked in the #2 pick in the 2018 NFL draft. This was the Giants' only win against a division rival or an NFC team during the season. 2017 New York Giants season The 2017 New York Giants season was the franchise's 93rd season in the National Football League, the eighth playing their home games at MetLife Stadium and the second and final under head coach Ben McAdoo. Coming fresh off an 11–5 season from one year ago, the Giants had high hopes of a Super Bowl Championship and were an expected playoff", "title": "2017 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "5497909", "text": "and missed the playoffs in 2015. On June 26, 2016, Bochy recorded his 800th win as Giants manager. On June 30, Bochy became the first manager since 1976 to intentionally forfeit the designated hitter, allowing Madison Bumgarner to bat for himself against the Oakland Athletics. With an 87–75 record, the Giants made the 2016 postseason as the second wild-card team, clinching on the final day of the regular season. The Giants defeated the New York Mets 3–0 in the NL Wild Card Game, their 11th straight postseason series win, dating back to 2010. The Giants lost the 2016 NLDS in", "title": "Bruce Bochy" }, { "id": "386336", "text": "pitcher Tim Hudson in the offseason. At one point, the Giants had twice as many wins as they had losses, sporting a 42-21 record. However, their 9.5 game lead over the Dodgers dissipated. Lincecum pitched his second no-hitter, also against the Padres. With a won-loss record of 12–9, Lincecum achieved more wins than his previous 2 seasons, though second-half struggles put Lincecum out of the starting rotation. The Giants finished the season with an 88–74 record, the first time in baseball's modern era that they had reached the postseason with under 90 wins. The Giants defeated the Pirates in the", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "289098", "text": "and with a losing record for the first time since 2004. The Giants drafted rookie wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr. in the 2014 NFL Draft, who would later go on to win the AP Offensive Rookie of the Year award. However, the Giants missed the playoffs for a third straight season, finishing with a 6–10 record. The 2015 New York Giants season was another disappointing campaign, as the Giants showcased a struggling defense and several late-game collapses. The Giants finished the season with a 6–10 record and missed the playoffs. On January 14, 2016, the Giants announced that Ben McAdoo", "title": "New York Giants" }, { "id": "289100", "text": "fractured his fibula, an injury that ended his season. During the same game, the Giants also lost wide receivers Brandon Marshall and Dwayne Harris to season-ending injuries. The season was also marred by suspensions of Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie and Janoris Jenkins. The Giants finished the 2017 season with a 3–13 record, marking the first time since 1983 in which the Giants finished the regular season with three or less wins. The Giants earned the second overall pick in the 2018 NFL Draft with the second lowest winning percentage during the 2017 season, and used it to pick Saquon Barkley from Penn", "title": "New York Giants" }, { "id": "386346", "text": "Giants' recent post-season successes and posting the seventh highest payroll in the league in 2017, they finished 64–98 and fifth in the NL west in a season that was rife with injuries to several key players in the bullpen, lineup, and rotation. This, combined with the failure of the front office to address glaring defensive issues in the outfield, as well as the lowest power-hitting performance in the league at a time when home runs are on the rise, resulted in one of the poorest seasons in Giants history. Before the 2018 season, the Giants acquired Evan Longoria and Andrew", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "16181172", "text": "2012 New York Giants season The New York Giants season was the franchise's 88th season in the National Football League, the ninth under head coach Tom Coughlin and the third playing their home games at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Giants began the 2012 season as defending Super Bowl Champions for the fourth time in their history, by virtue of their 21–17 victory in Super Bowl XLVI over the New England Patriots. The Giants finished 9–7 for the second straight year, but failed to make the playoffs. This would be the last time the Giants had a", "title": "2012 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "16915994", "text": "the same game, Heston logged his first career RBIs with a two-run single. For his efforts, Heston was honored his first career National League Player of the Week Award as well as the key to the city by the mayor of Palm Bay, Florida. On July 23, 2015, Heston carried a no-hitter into the sixth inning against the San Diego Padres, ultimately allowing only one hit and no runs in 7 innings pitched. The 9–3 victory over the Padres was Heston's 10th win, making him the first Giants rookie to reach 10 wins since Matt Cain in 2006. Heston was", "title": "Chris Heston" }, { "id": "289099", "text": "would become the team's head coach. He replaced Tom Coughlin, who had resigned the previous week. The Giants turned it around in 2016, ending their five-year playoff drought. The Giants later lost to the Green Bay Packers 38–13 in the Wild Card round. After having high expectations due to their 11–5 record in 2016, the Giants had an unexpected 0–5 start to the season, before pulling a massive upset versus the Broncos at Sports Authority Field at Mile High for their first win of the season. However, during the Week 5 game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Odell Beckham Jr.", "title": "New York Giants" }, { "id": "11105145", "text": "1902 New York Giants season The 1902 New York Giants season was the franchise's 20th season. The team finished in eighth place, last, in the National League with a 48–88 record, 53.5 games behind the Pittsburgh Pirates. Their .353 winning percentage remains (as of 2016) the worst in franchise history. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI =", "title": "1902 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "12733638", "text": "the playoffs for the first time since 2011, but lost to the Green Bay Packers 38–13. The Giants' 2017 season was marred by numerous player injuries and other known controversies, which included some players being suspended for team violations. McAdoo replaced Eli Manning with Geno Smith during Week 13, which ended Manning's 210-consecutive start streak. After a 2–10 start, McAdoo was fired by the Giants on December 4, 2017, along with general manager Jerry Reese. McAdoo is married to his wife Toni, a fellow native of Homer City. They have a daughter and a son. NFL head coaches under whom", "title": "Ben McAdoo" }, { "id": "14942639", "text": "was cut short by rain in the eighth inning for his 21st win of the season. The Giants had considered pitching Jack Sanford in that game due to Jones' recent heavy pitching workload. Because the game was shortened to less than nine innings it is no longer considered an official no-hitter. The rain also forced the second game of the Giants' scheduled doubleheader that day to be moved, leaving them with two games to play on the final day of the season. The Giants needed to win both games and have the Braves and Dodgers both lose to tie for", "title": "1959 National League tie-breaker series" }, { "id": "8513123", "text": "third base with only one out, but only the runner at third scored. Lincecum became the fifth pitcher since 1976 to pitch a no-hitter and record a save in the same season, joining Matt Garza, Chris Bosio, Jerry Reuss, and John Candelaria. Saves became an official MLB statistic in 1969, but according to Baseball-Reference.com, it would make Lincecum the ninth Giants' pitcher to toss a no-hitter and record a save in the same season, joining Gaylord Perry, Carl Hubbell, Jesse Barnes, Rube Marquard, Jeff Tesreau, Hooks Wiltse, Christy Mathewson, and Amos Rusie. The last time Lincecum pitched out of the", "title": "Tim Lincecum" }, { "id": "386327", "text": "2.74), Matt Cain (ERA 2.88), Ryan Vogelsong (ERA 2.71) and Madison Bumgarner (ERA 3.21) and a lights out bullpen kept the Giants in first place until the second week of August. San Francisco finished the 2011 season with an 86–76 record, winding up in second place in the NL West eight games behind the division-winning Arizona Diamondbacks for lack of hitting and other key injuries (such as to second baseman Freddy Sánchez in late May shortly before Posey's injury, and to closer Brian Wilson in August). The Giants started the season playing barely above .500, trailing the Dodgers in second", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "2167616", "text": "been scoreless up to that point. Of all the teams that have thrown at least one no-hit game, however, the Cleveland Indians, as of end of the 2017 MLB season, have had the longest drought; the last such game thrown by the team was by Len Barker on May 15, 1981, which was also a perfect game. The New York Mets, who began play in 1962, went without a no-hitter until Johan Santana pitched one on the night of June 1, 2012, against the St. Louis Cardinals at home at Citi Field. The 8–0 victory closed out their era as", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "19127768", "text": "The defense had a 4th down stop, and the offense quickly responded with a 41 yard touchdown pass from Manning to Tavarres King, making it 14-13. That was the closest the Giants would get. When Rodgers got the ball back, he carved the Giants top ranked defense to shreds, scoring the 24 unanswered points in the game's final 20 minutes. The Giants were subsequently knocked out the wild card round, thus ending their season. This was the final game Victor Cruz played as a Giant, as he was released on Feb 13. 2017. The Giants also drop to 2-1 in", "title": "2016 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "12046354", "text": "third baseman Juan Uribe) and struck out a career-high eleven hitters in the game, which was also his first major league complete game and shutout and the first no-hitter ever thrown at AT&T Park. He threw 110 pitches to complete the game, with a final score of 8–0 for the Giants. The team faced a tragic note on July 19, when the club announced that Sue Burns, the team's senior general partner who was a virtual fixture in her seat adjacent to the Giants' dugout, died early Sunday morning of cancer. Burns was the widow of Harmon Burns, a financier", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "5497908", "text": "2019 season. On June 10, 2015, Bochy recorded his 700th win as Giants manager, making him the fourth in history to win at least 700 games for two different teams, joining Sparky Anderson, Tony La Russa, and Jim Leyland. The milestone came on the same night that Chris Heston threw a no-hitter for the Giants, the fifth no-hitter by the Giants under Bochy (Jonathan Sánchez in 2009; Matt Cain's perfect game in 2012; and Tim Lincecum in 2013 and 2014). On September 27, 2015, Bochy became the 16th manager to record 1,700 wins. The Giants finished with an 84–78 record", "title": "Bruce Bochy" }, { "id": "9936821", "text": "a 31–24 victory, but was followed by a 45–38 loss to Philadelphia. The Giants nonetheless remained in the playoff picture until being defeated by the Panthers 41-9 in Week 16, in the last Giants home game at Giants Stadium. They then ended the year with an 8–8 record after a loss in Minnesota. In the spring of 2010, the new Meadowlands Stadium was completed and the Giants and Jets opened it in August with their annual preseason match. During the summer, Bob Sheppard, the Giants' public address announcer from 1956 to 2005, died on July 11. The 2010 season would", "title": "History of the New York Giants (1994–present)" }, { "id": "386343", "text": "again with an oblique strain in the middle of a brutal stretch in the schedule, the Giants faced a major uphill battle. They acquired outfielder Marlon Byrd to deal with Pagan and Pence's absences; he made an immediate impact, almost hitting for the cycle in a 6–4 win against the Wild Card-leading Pirates. However, the Giants still finished 84–78 and missed the playoffs. In 2016, the Giants started off strong, ending their first half at the All-Star break with the best record in the majors at 57–33. However, due to a struggling bullpen in the second half, they just barely", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "12046352", "text": "2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, good enough for second place in the NL West. In addition to the team's overall performance, the first half of the season provided several memorable moments for the players themselves. Highlights included Johnson earning his 300th career victory, becoming the twenty-fourth pitcher in Major League history to do so, as well as struggling starter Jonathan Sánchez tossing a no-hitter against the San Diego Padres on July 10, the first Giants no-hitter since 1976. 2009's pitching staff will go down as one of the strongest starting rotations in Giants history– the Giants sent two of", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "12053142", "text": ".307 to .322, had an on-base percentage of .560, a slugging percentage of 1.182, stroked four home runs, and drove in six. On July 13, 2013, Posey caught Tim Lincecum's first no-hitter against the San Diego Padres. The no-hitter also marks the 15th ever in Giants history as well as the second performed in an away ballpark. On July 16, 2013, Posey played in his second straight All-Star Game, striking out in his only at-bat. Posey's offense regressed in 2013 following his 2012 MVP season, especially in the second half of the season where he hit just 3 home runs.", "title": "Buster Posey" }, { "id": "386319", "text": "performance as a team, the first half of 2009 was memorable for several individuals: Johnson became the 24th major league pitcher to win 300 games, and phenomally gifted but perpetually struggling young southpaw starter Jonathan Sánchez tossed a nearly perfect no-hitter against the San Diego Padres on July 10 (the only Padre baserunner reached on Juan Uribe's late infield error, following the distant footsteps of Giants immortal Christy Mathewson, whose 1905 no-no was blemished by only two errors), the first Giants no-hitter since 1976. Incredibly, Sánchez accomplished his feat spot-starting in place of injured Randy Johnson and returning to the", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "16977329", "text": "contention for the second straight season, thus rendering them unable to play Super Bowl XLVIII on their home turf. Eli Manning threw a career high five interceptions during this game. This would be the second season in a row where the Giants were shutout by the top NFC seed in Week 15. With the win, the Giants placed the Lions out of post-season contention. 2013 New York Giants season The New York Giants season was the franchise’s 89th season in the National Football League, the fourth playing their home games at MetLife Stadium and the tenth under head coach Tom", "title": "2013 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "19127766", "text": "the Eagles 24–19, dropping them 10–5. The Giants also allowed the Dallas Cowboys to clinch the NFC East and clinch home field advantage through the playoffs. Despite the loss, the Giants clinched a playoff trip when the Tampa Bay Buccaneers fell to the New Orleans Saints 31–24 two days later. The Giants enter 2017 bouncing back from Week 16's loss against the Eagles. With this win, the Redskins were eliminated from the playoffs after previously winning the NFC East last season. The Giants finish 11-5 for the first time since the 2005 season and finish with at least 11 wins", "title": "2016 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "19127751", "text": "the Dallas Cowboys, the Giants clinched a winning season for the first time since 2012 and also swept the Cowboys for the first time since 2011. The Giants got their 10th win of the season in Week 15, having a 10 win season for the first time since 2010. Their 7–1 record at home is their best home record since MetLife Stadium opened in 2010. Despite losing to the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 16, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' loss to the New Orleans Saints meant the Giants clinched a playoff trip for the first time since their last Super Bowl", "title": "2016 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "2167599", "text": "also the latest calendar date for a no-hit game thus far. On September 28, 1975, four Oakland A's pitchers (Vida Blue, Glenn Abbott, Paul Lindblad, Rollie Fingers) combined for a season-ending no-hitter against the California Angels. Mike Witt of the California Angels threw a perfect game against the Texas Rangers on September 30, 1984. Henderson Álvarez of the Miami Marlins no-hit the Detroit Tigers on September 29, 2013, to close the regular season. Jordan Zimmermann of the Washington Nationals no-hit the Miami Marlins on the last day of the 2014 season, September 28. The latest regular-season no-hitter by calendar date", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "2167577", "text": "25 recorded no-hitters in MLB history, most recently by Ervin Santana of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in a 3–1 win against the Cleveland Indians on July 27, 2011. On two occasions, a team has thrown a nine-inning no-hitter and still lost the game. On a further four occasions, a team has thrown a no-hitter for eight innings in a losing effort, but those four games are not officially recognized as no-hitters by Major League Baseball because the outing lasted fewer than nine innings. It is theoretically possible for opposing pitchers to throw no-hitters in the same game, although", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "19807759", "text": "2017 New York Giants season The 2017 New York Giants season was the franchise's 93rd season in the National Football League, the eighth playing their home games at MetLife Stadium and the second and final under head coach Ben McAdoo. Coming fresh off an 11–5 season from one year ago, the Giants had high hopes of a Super Bowl Championship and were an expected playoff contender with high expectations. However, things quickly took a dark turn after key injuries and controversial decisions towards the team. A disastrous and unexpected 0–5 start to their season (their second in 5 years), coupled", "title": "2017 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "2167617", "text": "the oldest franchise without a no-hitter and ended a drought that lasted 8,019 regular-season and 74 post-season games. Mets pitchers have thrown 39 one-hitters. The longest no-hitter drought in Major League history was suffered by the Philadelphia Phillies between May 1, 1906, and June 21, 1964, a span that encompassed 8,945 games. The Washington Nationals achieved their first no-hitter on September 28, 2014. The franchise has four previous no-hitters in its history as the Montreal Expos, including a perfect game by Dennis Martínez. Six current NL teams—the Braves, Dodgers, Giants, Phillies, Cubs and Reds—all pitched their first no-hitters before the", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "4547057", "text": "2012), two National League Wild Cards (2002, 2014), and forced a National League Wild Card tie-breaker game with Chicago in 1998. On two other occasions, the club was eliminated from post season contention on the last day of the season. He guided the club to seven post season berths—the club's most since it made eight appearances in a 14-season span from 1911 to 1924. From 1997 to 2014, the Giants recorded the third-best winning percentage in the National League (.534, 1,556–1,358), behind only the Braves and Cardinals. His .534 career winning percentage ranks 10th all-time among all general managers since", "title": "Brian Sabean" }, { "id": "19807774", "text": "catch in the red zone to set up Aldrick Rosas kicked the game winning field goal in OT to improve the Giants to 2-8. This was the Giants first home win of the season. Eli Manning made his 209th consecutive start at quarterback, passing Peyton Manning for 2nd in NFL history, only trailing Brett Favre (297). NFL on Thanksgiving Day The Giants offense struggled the entire game and was held to only one first down in the second half. The Giants dropped to 2-9 and were eliminated from playoff contention on the following Sunday after the Panthers defeated the Jets", "title": "2017 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "386320", "text": "rotation after a brief demotion to the bullpen, striking out a career-high eleven hitters to boot. It was his first major league complete game and shutout, on only 110 pitches for an 8-0 Giants romp, and the first no-hitter ever thrown at AT&T Park. In fact, 2009's starting rotation was one of the strongest in Giants history, two of whom went to the All-Star Game including successfully defending Cy Young champ Tim Lincecum, who started the game. He won his second straight NL Cy Young Award even though he won only 15 games in 2009, finishing at 15-7, becoming the", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "19127750", "text": "2016 New York Giants season The 2016 season was the New York Giants' 92nd season in the National Football League, their seventh playing their home games at MetLife Stadium and the first under head coach Ben McAdoo. The Giants began 2–0 before falling into a three-game losing streak to the Redskins, Vikings and Packers. The Giants rebounded and went on a six-game winning streak for the first time since 2010, before falling to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Week 13. The Giants then upset the 11–1 Dallas Cowboys in Week 14 to improve to 9–4. With their Week 14 win over", "title": "2016 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "289096", "text": "record and on a four-game winning streak that included a 26–3 road victory against the eventual NFC champion San Francisco 49ers. Following the arrival of Hurricane Sandy in the Northeastern United States, the Giants lost back-to-back games against the Steelers and Bengals to fall to 6–4. Despite impressive blowout home victories over the Packers, Saints and Eagles, the Giants finished the season 9–7 and out of the playoffs. The Redskins won the division with a 10–6 record, only to lose to the Seahawks 24–14 in Wild Card Weekend. QB Eli Manning, DE Jason Pierre-Paul, WR Victor Cruz, and G Chris", "title": "New York Giants" }, { "id": "19127769", "text": "playoff games at Lambeau Field, having defeated the Packers at Lambeau Field in the 2007 and 2011 seasons en route to their Super Bowl XLII and XLVI victories. 2016 New York Giants season The 2016 season was the New York Giants' 92nd season in the National Football League, their seventh playing their home games at MetLife Stadium and the first under head coach Ben McAdoo. The Giants began 2–0 before falling into a three-game losing streak to the Redskins, Vikings and Packers. The Giants rebounded and went on a six-game winning streak for the first time since 2010, before falling", "title": "2016 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "12053144", "text": ".311 batting average, 22 home runs, and 89 RBIs. In the 2014 World Series, the Giants defeated the Kansas City Royals in seven games, giving Posey his third championship in five years. Posey caught Santiago Casilla's immaculate inning save in May 2015 against the Cincinnati Reds, the first time that the Giants had struck out all three opposing batters in an inning on nine pitches since Trevor Wilson accomplished the feat in 1992. On June 9, 2015, Posey caught rookie Chris Heston's no-hitter against the New York Mets at Citi Field, including the final out, a strikeout. It marks the", "title": "Buster Posey" }, { "id": "2167581", "text": "of games without a no-hitter anywhere in the Major Leagues is 6,364, between Randy Johnson's perfect game on May 18, 2004, for the Arizona Diamondbacks, and Aníbal Sánchez's no-hitter on September 6, 2006, for the Florida Marlins. The previous record was a 4,015-game streak without a no-hitter from September 30, 1984, to September 19, 1986. The pitcher who holds the record for the most no-hitters is Nolan Ryan, who threw seven in his long career. His first two came exactly two months apart, while he was with the California Angels: the first on May 15, 1973, and the second on", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "16915992", "text": "game against the Houston Astros, allowing only two hits and one run, with 10 strikeouts and no walks. Heston was the first Giants rookie to throw a complete game with at least 10 strikeouts since Roger Mason on October 4, 1985, and the first Giants rookie with double-digit strikeouts since Tim Lincecum on July 1, 2007. On June 9, 2015, Heston no-hit the New York Mets 5–0 at Citi Field, becoming the 22nd rookie pitcher since 1900 to throw a no-hitter in a major-league regular-season game. He struck out 11 and walked none; the only 3 runners to reach base", "title": "Chris Heston" }, { "id": "386335", "text": "the worst records ever for a team that had won the World Series the previous year, behind only the 1998 Florida Marlins. One notable highlight was Tim Lincecum throwing his first no-hitter against the San Diego Padres at Petco Park in a 9–0 victory. A notable oddity happened during a doubleheader with the Cincinnati Reds on July 23 in which the Reds were the designated home team for Game 2 even though the Giants were playing at home. The Reds won Game 1, 9–3, and the Giants prevailed in Game 2, 5–3. The Giants acquired outfielder Michael Morse and starting", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "19807768", "text": "in the first half. The loss dropped the Giants to 0-1. They are 1-9 in Week 1 games against the Cowboys, with their only win coming in 2016. Even with a limited Odell Beckham Jr. the Giants struggled mightily against the Lions. Rookie tight end Evan Engram scored his first career touchdown. However, an 88-yard punt return touchdown sealed the Giants fate. With the loss, the Giants dropped to 0-2. A huge rally in the 4th quarter was overshadowed by rookie kicker Jake Elliott when he kicked a game winning 61-yard field goal to drop the Giants to 0-3 and", "title": "2017 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "16585710", "text": "in which multiple perfect games were thrown. In June 1880, Lee Richmond and John Montgomery Ward both threw perfect games; in May 2010 Dallas Braden and Roy Halladay both accomplished the feat. Two notable defensive plays by Cain's teammates kept the perfect game intact. Melky Cabrera made a running catch at the wall in left field in the top of the sixth inning, while Gregor Blanco made a diving catch in right-center field to start the top of the seventh. It was the first Giants no-hitter since left-hander Jonathan Sánchez threw one on July 10, 2009, against the San Diego", "title": "Matt Cain's perfect game" }, { "id": "12853358", "text": "named to the Pro Bowl in the week leading up to the game. The 2009 Giants became the eighth team since the 1970 AFL-NFL merger to miss the playoffs after starting the season 5–0, and the first NFC team since the Vikings in 2003. 2009 New York Giants season The 2009 New York Giants season was the 85th season for the team in the National Football League. It was the team's final season in Giants Stadium; In 2010, the Giants moved into New Meadowlands Stadium. The Giants hoped to improve upon their 12–4 record, avenge their divisional round loss to", "title": "2009 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "2167574", "text": "No-hitter In baseball, a no-hitter (also known as a no-hit game and colloquially as a no-no) is a game in which a team was not able to record a single hit. Major League Baseball (MLB) officially defines a no-hitter as a completed game in which a team that batted in at least nine innings recorded no hits. A pitcher who prevents the opposing team from achieving a hit is said to have \"thrown a no-hitter\". This is a rare accomplishment for a pitcher or pitching staff: only 299 have been thrown in Major League Baseball history since 1876, an average", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "9926074", "text": "and drove in a career-high 7 RBIs, helping propel the Giants to a historic 19–3 rout of their longtime rival the Dodgers. With the help of Brandon Belt's first career five-hit game, they scored the most runs in the history of Dodger Stadium. On September 16, Pence was named National League Player of the Week for the third time in his career, after hitting .448 with 6 home runs and 19 RBI. On September 27, Pence won the Willie Mac Award. The next day, Pence agreed to a 5-year, $90 million contract extension with the Giants through the 2018 season.", "title": "Hunter Pence" }, { "id": "19067291", "text": "dealing with a hamstring injury and had to be left off the roster. Bumgarner then got the final three outs, completing the shutout just as he had done in the 2014 Wild Card Game. Bumgarner made 119 pitches, allowed just 6 total baserunners, striking out 6 and setting an MLB record of 23 consecutive scoreless innings pitched in postseason elimination games. With the win, the Giants equalled the Major League record for consecutive postseason series wins with 11, also extending their streak of postseason elimination game wins to 9. Wednesday, October 5, 2016 – 8:07 p.m. (EDT) at Citi Field", "title": "2016 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "386308", "text": "the two games following the ceremonies, the Giants wore uniforms with the word GIGANTES (Spanish for \"Giants\") on the front of their jerseys. On July 14, 2005, the franchise won its 10,000th game, defeating their longtime rival Dodgers, 4–3 and thereby becoming the first professional sports franchise to have a five-figure win total. On September 28, the Giants were officially eliminated from the NL West race after losing to the division champion San Diego Padres, finishing a distant third at 75–87, their worst, and first losing, season since 1996. Despite the disappointing finish, the Giants extended manager Felipe Alou's contract", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "15975506", "text": "Justin Verlander. Pablo Sandoval would hit a triple, and Melky Cabrera—who would wind up the All-Star Game MVP—hit a homerun during the game. The Giants finished the regular season atop the National League West with 94 wins and 68 losses, eight games ahead of the second place Los Angeles Dodgers. They defeated the Cincinnati Reds in the National League Division Series, a best-of-five series, in five games. They then defeated the defending 2011 World Series champions, the St. Louis Cardinals, in a seven-game series to capture the National League pennant. The manner in which the Giants defeated the Reds and", "title": "2012 World Series" }, { "id": "12513197", "text": "1981 New York Giants season The 1981 New York Giants season was the 57th season for the club in the National Football League. The Giants qualified for the playoffs for the first time in 18 years with a 9–7 record, which placed them third in the National Football Conference East Division. The Giants qualified for the postseason thanks to an overtime victory over the Dallas Cowboys in the last game of the season, coupled with a loss by the Green Bay Packers. In the Wild Card playoffs, the Giants defeated the Philadelphia Eagles 27–21 in Philadelphia's Veterans Stadium. New York's", "title": "1981 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "15975539", "text": "as the San Diego Padres manager in 1998. Miller Huggins, Walter Alston and Tony La Russa were the other three. To date, this is the most recent World Series sweep. An estimated crowd of over 1 million people attended a Halloween Day victory parade along Market Street in San Francisco. The Giants failed to defend their World Series championship in 2013. San Francisco led the National League West early in the season, but critical injuries (including the loss of Pagan for three months) and subpar play on both ends doomed the Giants. They were eliminated from the playoff race on", "title": "2012 World Series" }, { "id": "15790145", "text": "in St. Louis, Missouri Sunday, October 21, 2012 – 7:45 p.m. (EDT) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Monday, October 22, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California The Giants swept the Detroit Tigers 4–0 to win the World Series Championship. The sweep marks as the franchise's first-ever in a playoffs or championship while in San Francisco. Wednesday, October 24, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Thursday, October 25, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Saturday, October 27, 2012 at Comerica Park in Detroit, Michigan Sunday, October 28, 2012 – 8:15 p.m. (EDT) at", "title": "2012 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "15435124", "text": "Tony Watson Anthony Michael Watson (born May 30, 1985) is an American professional baseball relief pitcher for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Los Angeles Dodgers. He made his MLB debut in 2011 and was an MLB All-Star in 2014. Prior to playing professionally, Watson attended the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and played college baseball for the Nebraska Cornhuskers. Watson attended Dallas Center Grimes High School in Grimes, Iowa. In 2003, his senior year, Watson threw three no-hitters and had a 0.10 earned run average (ERA). He won the Bob", "title": "Tony Watson" }, { "id": "18419000", "text": "2015 New York Giants season The New York Giants season was the franchise's 91st season in the National Football League and their sixth season playing their home games at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. Tom Coughlin returned for his 12th and final season as the team's head coach. The Giants attempted to secure a playoff berth for the first time since their 2011 season, which concluded with their victory in Super Bowl XLVI. To honor the late Frank Gifford and Ann Mara, both of whom died earlier in 2015, the Giants added a number 16 decal on their", "title": "2015 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "2282934", "text": "the third member of baseball's 700 club. On May 28, 2006, Bonds hit his 715th home run at the park to pass Babe Ruth for second place on the all-time list. On August 7, 2007, Bonds hit his 756th home run, breaking Hank Aaron's record. The park hosted games three through five of the 2002 World Series against the Anaheim Angels, which the Giants lost four games to three. It also hosted the 2007 MLB All-Star Game, which the American League won 5–4 over the National League. On July 10, 2009, the Giants' Jonathan Sánchez pitched the first no-hitter at", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "5158784", "text": "Bedrosian and a player to be named later. On August 15, , Mulholland no-hit the Giants 6-0 at Veterans Stadium. In pitching this, the first no-hitter in the stadium's history, Mulholland became the first pitcher to no-hit a former team since the Houston Colt .45s' Ken Johnson did so against the Cincinnati Reds in (Johnson lost the game 1-0—the only game, to date, whose losing pitcher had pitched a nine-inning no-hitter). He faced the minimum of 27 batters. The only batter to reach base was on a throwing error by Hayes on Rick Parker's ground ball leading off the seventh", "title": "Terry Mulholland" }, { "id": "19766015", "text": "2017 San Francisco Giants season The 2017 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 135th year in Major League Baseball, their 60th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 18th at AT&T Park. They finished 64–98, last place in the NL West and the NL, their worst record in 32 years. Preseason predictions for the Giants were generally positive. Ahead of spring training, \"Sports Illustrated\" ranked the Giants 10th out of 30 teams in their preseason power rankings, saying that if the bullpen improves as expected, \"there's enough talent here for", "title": "2017 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "2167619", "text": "the longest period of time without being no-hit is held by the Chicago Cubs, who succeeded in getting at least one hit in every game since Sandy Koufax's perfect game against them on September 9, 1965, until they were no-hit by Cole Hamels of the Philadelphia Phillies on July 25, 2015, a period of (7951 games – including 31 Post Season games). The second-longest streak without having an official no-hitter pitched against them is held by the New York Yankees, who had a gap of between nine-inning no-hitters from September 21, 1958 to June 10, 2003. However, during this time,", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "16181190", "text": "The Giants ultimately lost 34–0 and fell to 8–6 overall. However, the loss did not eliminate them from either playoff contention or the NFC East title. The embarrassing loss was one of three shutouts on the same day, the other two being the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Kansas City Chiefs. The Giants visited Baltimore, where they were defeated by the Ravens 33–14. With the loss, the Giants fell to 8–7 and were eliminated from contention for the NFC East title. The Giants can still obtain a wild-card berth with a victory against the Eagles and Week 17 victories by", "title": "2012 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "16343273", "text": "a home run in the top of the eighth off of Mitchell Boggs. Zito pitched shutout ball into the bottom of the eighth inning, and the final four outs were recorded by Santiago Casilla and Sergio Romo as the Giants' 5–0 win forced a Game 6 in San Francisco. Sunday, October 21, 2012 – 7:45 p.m. (EDT) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Strong pitching by starting pitcher Ryan Vogelsong helped the Giants to a 6–1 victory. The Giants became the first team since the 2008 Boston Red Sox to come back from a 3–1 deficit to tie the", "title": "2012 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "11033283", "text": "(winning 103 games), the Atlanta Braves won 104 in what some call the last great pennant race (due to the Wild Card being instituted the following season). After going up by nine games on August 11 with a 77-38 record, the Giants went 12-18 and found themselves three-and-a-half games behind, a 12.5-game swing, by September 15. They then went on a 14-2 run, which left them tied with the Braves with one game remaining, which they lost 12-1 to the 80-81 Los Angeles Dodgers to become the only National League team to win 100 or more games and not make", "title": "1993 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "16977325", "text": "2013 New York Giants season The New York Giants season was the franchise’s 89th season in the National Football League, the fourth playing their home games at MetLife Stadium and the tenth under head coach Tom Coughlin. The Giants attempted to attain a playoff berth after failing to do so in 2012, and be the first team to play the Super Bowl on their own home field, which they share with the New York Jets. However, they failed to improve on their 9–7 record and were eliminated from playoff contention after their Week 14 loss to the Chargers. This season", "title": "2013 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "2167585", "text": "was considered a no-hitter. On August 19, a home run by Leo Cárdenas in the tenth inning allowed Maloney to earn a 1–0 10-inning no-hit win over the Chicago Cubs. Roy Halladay threw two no-hitters in 2010 – a perfect game during the regular season and a no-hitter in the 2010 National League Division Series. He is the only major leaguer to have thrown no-hitters in regular season and postseason play. Two pitchers missing their non-pitching hand have thrown no-hitters; Hugh Daily, of the Cleveland Blues, defeated the Philadelphia Quakers 1–0 on September 13, 1883, and Jim Abbott, of the", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "19766017", "text": "= Batting average; OPS = On base plus slugging percentage; SB = Stolen bases\" \"Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts\" Buster Posey won his fourth Silver Slugger Award as the best hitting catcher in the National League. 2017 San Francisco Giants season The 2017 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 135th year in", "title": "2017 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "386334", "text": "series 1-1), and against the Cubs in San Francisco (outscored 6-3, swept). This slide lasted until mid-August when the Giants began to play efficiently again (highlighted by a 19-3 romp over the rival Dodgers in Los Angeles) and ended the season in a tie for 3rd place with the San Diego Padres after a brief resurgence. At the conclusion of the season the Giants also signed right fielder Hunter Pence to a five-year, $90 million contract. The Giants finished the 2013 season with a 76-86 record. The Giants' .469 record marked their first losing record since 2008 and one of", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "7550248", "text": "and the team's single-season record with 1,860 yards in a victory over the Kansas City Chiefs . The Giants finished 11–5 and hosted the Carolina Panthers in the wild card playoffs, but lost 23–0. The Giants regressed to an 8–8 record in 2006. The season was characterized by inconsistent play, criticism of the coaching by the media and players, and Manning's struggles. They won five straight following a 1–2 start, giving them a two-game lead in the NFC East, but they lost six of their last seven games, and the players publicly clashed with Coughlin. One of the team's worst", "title": "History of the New York Giants" }, { "id": "15790144", "text": "Francisco, California Tuesday, October 9, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Wednesday, October 10, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Thursday, October 11, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati The San Francisco Giants defeated the St. Louis Cardinals for the National League title. Sunday, October 14, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Monday, October 15, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Wednesday, October 17, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Thursday, October 18, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Friday, October 19, 2012 at Busch Stadium", "title": "2012 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "11105146", "text": "Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" 1902 New York Giants season The 1902 New York Giants season was the franchise's 20th season. The team finished in eighth place, last, in the National League with a 48–88 record, 53.5 games behind the Pittsburgh Pirates. Their .353 winning percentage remains (as of 2016) the worst in franchise history. \"Note:", "title": "1902 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "8087012", "text": "at home. In their next 7 appearances, including the wildcard tiebreaker in 1998, they either lost the series on the road or won the World Series until finally losing at home in the 2016 NLDS. As of the 2016 season, this series is the last time the Giants were swept in the postseason. 1997 NLDS (3–0): Florida Marlins over San Francisco Giants The Houston Astros finally made it back to the postseason for the first time since the 1986 National League Championship Series. The Atlanta Braves were hosting their first postseason series at Turner Field. Turner Field in Atlanta Game", "title": "1997 National League Division Series" }, { "id": "2167610", "text": "are no longer considered no-hitters. If the home team leads after the top of the ninth, they do not bat in the bottom of the ninth, thus the visiting team only pitches 8 innings. Since it is possible to score runs without getting hits, a visiting team can complete a full game without allowing a hit but not be credited with an official no-hitter. This has happened four times in MLB history: Silver King (1890), Andy Hawkins (1990), and Matt Young (1992) pitched complete games without allowing a hit, but pitched only 8 innings as the losing pitcher from the", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "5502413", "text": "While the Dodgers have won the National League West fourteen times compared to the Giants' eight since the beginning of the Divisional Era in 1969, the Giants have more total wins, head-to-head wins, and World Series titles (8–6) in franchise history. Since moving to California, Los Angeles holds the edge in pennants (10–6) and World Series titles (5–3). Each team has advanced to the postseason as the wild card twice, the Giants most recently in 2016. The 2014 World Series was the Giants' most recent championship, while the Dodgers lost the 2017 World Series and the 2018 World Series. As", "title": "Dodgers–Giants rivalry" }, { "id": "386284", "text": "Rod Beck had 35 saves and a 3.34 ERA but nine losses and the rest of the bullpen was woeful. The low point came in late June when the Giants, after surging to three games over .500 and second place in the National League West, lost 10 straight games en route to a 68–94 record. Their long-time radio voice, Hank Greenwald, retired after the season. After three consecutive losing seasons, the Giants named Brian Sabean as their new general manager for 1997, replacing Bob Quinn. Sabean may have been acting as GM even before the announcement, and was rumored to", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "19807779", "text": "the series 84-82-2. Shutout for the first time since October 2014, the Giants offense couldn't get into the end zone and their only chance at points came on a miss field goal by Aldrick Rosas. The Giants dropped to 2-13 and clinched their worst record in franchise history. In a huge upset, led by their defense who allowed only 10 points and got 3 interceptions along with 3 sacks, along with a surging run game with over 250 yards on the ground. Orleans Darkwa set a new career high with 154 yards. The Giants defeated the Redskins 18-10 to improve", "title": "2017 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "5497904", "text": "2012 contract option. In 2011, the Giants finished 86–76 and missed the playoffs. After the season, the Giants extended Bochy's contract through 2013, with an option for 2014. In 2012, the Giants clinched the NL West for the second time in three years against the Padres, finishing with a 94–68 record. In the postseason, the Giants fell behind the Cincinnati Reds 0–2 in the 2012 NLDS before winning three straight games to stave off elimination. In the NLCS, the Giants fell behind the St. Louis Cardinals three games to one, but again won three straight elimination games to clinch their", "title": "Bruce Bochy" }, { "id": "20468754", "text": "undefeated 2007 Patriots, the Giants have lost 17 of their past 23 games against the Eagles. 2018 New York Giants season The 2018 season is the New York Giants' 94th in the National Football League, their ninth playing their home games at MetLife Stadium and their first under head coach Pat Shurmur. The Giants entered the season looking to improve on their 2017 campaign, which saw the team finish with a 3–13 record, their worst since the adoption of a 16-game regular season. Despite starting 1–7 for the second consecutive year, the Giants managed to improve on their 3–13 campaign", "title": "2018 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "17736443", "text": "was achieved despite Beckham missing the first four games of the season. With the loss, the Giants finished the season 6-10 and were swept by the Eagles for the first time since 2010. Also, their record against the Eagles fell to 3-11 dating back to 2008. 2014 New York Giants season The New York Giants season was the franchise's 90th season in the National Football League, the fifth playing their home games at MetLife Stadium and the eleventh under head coach Tom Coughlin. The team failed to improve on their 7–9 mark from 2013, finishing 6–10. To commemorate their ninetieth", "title": "2014 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "12490046", "text": "in October 1976. 1974 New York Giants season The 1974 New York Giants season was the 50th season for the club in the National Football League. The Giants finished in last place in the National Football Conference East Division with a 2–12 record, the team's worst since 1966. The Giants’ home venue in 1974 was the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut, and they were winless at home in seven games. They won only one of twelve games at the Yale Bowl in 1973 and 1974. The Giants played at Shea Stadium in Queens in 1975 and opened Giants Stadium", "title": "1974 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "5992526", "text": "June 13, 2012. He had a 16–5 record during the regular season, and he finished sixth in NL Cy Young Award voting. The Giants would win every series-clinching playoff game in which Cain started as they won the 2012 World Series. Cain faced injury difficulties during the latter years of his career. He retired from Major League Baseball at the end of the 2017 season. Cain was born to Tom and Dolores Cain in Dothan, Alabama. He lived in Vincent, Alabama, for a year when his mother taught at a school nearby. Cain also spent part of his childhood in", "title": "Matt Cain" }, { "id": "19127765", "text": "first time since 2012. The Giants also swept the Cowboys for the first time since their 2011 Super Bowl-winning season. The Giants forced two turnovers deep in the red zone. The offense struggled, but was helped by a spectacular catch by Beckham Jr. in the 4th quarter. With the win, the Giants clinched a 10 win season for the first time since 2010. The Giants were down 14-0 early after Manning threw a pick six. The Giants offense got going, but failed to convert on their scoring opportunities. Four Robbie Gould field goals weren't enough, and the Giants fell to", "title": "2016 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "11110051", "text": "= Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In\" All-Star Game 1996 San Francisco Giants season The 1996 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 114th season in Major League Baseball, their 39th season in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 37th at 3Com Park at Candlestick Point. The team finished in fourth place in the National League West with a 68-94 record, 23 games behind the San Diego Padres. Lou Seal is the official mascot of the", "title": "1996 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "6761145", "text": "NLCS against the Phillies, and hit a solo home run against Roy Oswalt in Game 2. Following the Giants' Game 6 win of the NLCS, Ross was awarded the MVP award for the series, in which he hit .350 with three home runs, three doubles and recorded five RBI. Three of his five postseason home runs broke up no-hitters. His home run off the Braves' Derek Lowe was the Giants' first hit in Game 4 of the NLDS. His first home run off Halladay in Game 1 of the NLCS, in addition to being the first hit off Halladay in", "title": "Cody Ross" }, { "id": "20468751", "text": "2018 New York Giants season The 2018 season is the New York Giants' 94th in the National Football League, their ninth playing their home games at MetLife Stadium and their first under head coach Pat Shurmur. The Giants entered the season looking to improve on their 2017 campaign, which saw the team finish with a 3–13 record, their worst since the adoption of a 16-game regular season. Despite starting 1–7 for the second consecutive year, the Giants managed to improve on their 3–13 campaign with a 30–27 win over the Chicago Bears. Since hitting their Week 9 bye week, the", "title": "2018 New York Giants season" }, { "id": "12554568", "text": "made back-to-back World Series appearances in the previous year) in the National League Championship Series. The Giants defeated the Texas Rangers in five games to win the World Series championship for the first time since moving to San Francisco in 1958, thus ending the 52-year Curse of Coogan's Bluff. Following their 2010 championship, the Giants would win two more world championships in the next four years—in 2012 and in 2014. However they have yet to win the World Series clincher while playing in San Francisco. Curse of Coogan's Bluff The Curse of Coogan's Bluff/Curse of Eddie Grant (1958–2010) was a", "title": "Curse of Coogan's Bluff" }, { "id": "11025681", "text": "2001 San Francisco Giants season The 2001 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 119th year in Major League Baseball, their 44th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their second at Pacific Bell Park. The team finished in second place in the National League West with a 90–72 record, 2 games behind the Arizona Diamondbacks. \"Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At", "title": "2001 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "2282937", "text": "3rd no hitter at AT&T Park against the San Diego Padres in a 4-0 win. It was his 2nd no hitter of his career, with both of them coming against the Padres. AT&T Park hosted Games 3, 4, and 5 of the 2014 World Series on October 24, 25, and 26. The Giants beat the Kansas City Royals 2 out of the 3 games played at AT&T Park, losing Game 3, 3–2, before winning Games 4 and 5, 11–4 and 5–0 respectively. They ultimately went on to win the series in seven games, with the clinching game played at Kauffman", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "7550254", "text": "who was the team's leading tackler. The Giants featured a balanced offense with no receiver topping 600 receiving yards. The Giants won their first five games in 2009, but lost their next four. After beating the Atlanta Falcons in overtime, they lost badly to Denver on Thanksgiving. They defeated Dallas 31–24 in Week 13, then lost 45–38 to Philadelphia the next week. At 8–6, they still had a chance to make the playoffs, but losses to Carolina and Minnesota to finish the season left them out of the playoffs at 8–8. In the spring of 2010, construction on the New", "title": "History of the New York Giants" }, { "id": "3076887", "text": "helping the Giants win the National League West title. He was awarded the NLCS MVP after tying the NLCS record with 14 hits and also batting .500 (14 for 28) with six runs scored and four runs batted in during the seven game series against the Cardinals. On October 28, in the tenth inning of Game 4 of the 2012 World Series, Scutaro drove in Ryan Theriot for the winning run, as the Giants swept the Detroit Tigers. After the 2012 season, Scutaro and the Giants agreed to a 3-year, $20 million contract which became official on December 7, 2012.", "title": "Marco Scutaro" }, { "id": "18290737", "text": "2015 San Francisco Giants season The 2015 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 133rd year in Major League Baseball, their 58th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 16th at AT&T Park. The team entered the season as the defending World Series champions and got second place in the NL West for the second straight year, but missed the playoffs with a record of 84-78 (.519). All schedule and scores taken from MLB.com. \"Through September 27, 2015\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored;", "title": "2015 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "386315", "text": "the Dodgers since 1985. The 2007 season continued discouraging for the Giants, with solid pitching but often without run support. Rookie starter Tim Lincecum, for instance, held the Chicago Cubs to two hits through eight innings on August 21, but the team scored only one run in a 5-1 loss. On September 22, 2007, the Giants officially announced they would not re-sign Barry Bonds for the 2008 season. After much speculation and debate, owner Peter Magowan announced Bonds' departure at a press conference, stressing the need for youth and offense throughout the lineup. Bonds played the last game of his", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "12046357", "text": "won the National League Western Division title for the first time since 2003 after trailing the San Diego Padres most of the season. (The \"torture\" slogan was coined on the April 21 edition of \"Kruk and Kuip on Baseball\" on KNBR radio, following a game which the Giants lost 1–0 despite a 1-hitter thrown by Jonathan Sánchez.) On July 4, after losing a four-game road series in Colorado, the Giants' record stood at 41–40 at the half-way point of the season. Boosted by a 21-game hitting streak by Buster Posey, called up in May from AAA Fresno, the Giants then", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" } ]

[ "Weekly" ]

[ { "id": "19956431", "text": "Pod Save America Pod Save America is an American progressive political podcast produced and distributed by Crooked Media. The podcast debuted in January 2017 and airs twice weekly, with the Tuesday edition hosted by former Barack Obama staffers Jon Favreau, Tommy Vietor and Jon Lovett, and the Thursday edition by Favreau and Dan Pfeiffer. It is the flagship podcast of Crooked Media, the progressive media company founded by Favreau, Vietor and Lovett. The show averages more than 1.5 million listeners an episode, and had been downloaded more than 120 million times by November 2017. Four \"Pod Save America\" one-hour HBO", "title": "Pod Save America" }, { "id": "19956433", "text": "of podcasts. Their goal is to inform, entertain, and inspire action or activism. Crooked Media took the podcast on its first live tour, \"Pod Tours America,\" in the fall of 2017. Live shows were recorded and released as podcasts. An international tour, \"Pod Tours the World\", was announced for 2018, with live shows in Stockholm, Oslo, Amsterdam and London. The podcast typically covers recent news items relating to politics, including the Trump administration, the US government and the Democratic Party, as well as leftwing grassroots activism. The show typically features interviews with politicians, activists and journalists, including Obama's last interview", "title": "Pod Save America" }, { "id": "19956432", "text": "TV specials aired in fall 2018 to cover the U.S. midterm elections. The podcast debuted in January 2017 as a successor to \"Keepin' it 1600\", a political podcast produced by Bill Simmons' The Ringer and hosted by Favreau, Vietor, Lovett and Pfeiffer which ran from March to December 2016. \"Pod Save America\" maintained the basic format of its predecessor. In an interview with Recode's Kara Swisher, the hosts have stated that, rather than continue the previous podcast, the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States spurred them to create a new, progressive media company with a network", "title": "Pod Save America" }, { "id": "19956434", "text": "as president. Other guests have included Hillary Clinton and senators Elizabeth Warren, Cory Booker, Kamala Harris and Chris Murphy. Guests are often referred to as \"friends of the pod\". The show averages more than 1.5 million listeners an episode, and had been downloaded more than 120 million times by November 2017. The \"New York Times\" described the podcast as \"one of the big breakout hits of the nascent resistance movement\", and \"the left’s answer to conservative talk radio... with a shoestring budget and no organizational backing, its hosts seem to have created something that liberals have spent almost two decades,", "title": "Pod Save America" }, { "id": "20207871", "text": "Save America/Pod Save the World), and Ziwe Fumudoh (Hysteria). Crooked Media produces and distributes a range of podcasts. An American progressive political podcast \"for people not yet ready to give up or go insane.\" \"Pod Save America\" airs twice weekly, with the Monday edition hosted by Favreau, Vietor, and Lovett, and the Thursday edition by Favreau and Pfeiffer. Pod Save America is noted for its focus on activism. Hosted by organizer and activist DeRay Mckesson, \"Pod Save the People\" talks about culture, social justice, and politics by exploring the history, the language, and the people who are shaping the struggle", "title": "Crooked Media" }, { "id": "19956435", "text": "and hundreds of millions of dollars, futilely searching for\". The \"San Francisco Chronicle\" called it \"one of the nation’s most popular podcasts\". \"GQ\" called it one of the \"most popular strategies for coping with the looming death of the republic\". \"Newsweek\" wrote that the show's hosts \"do something far more rare [than political analysis], which is to make politics entertaining and even fun, without ever downplaying what they see as the threat posed to American democracy by the man elected to defend it.\" Pod Save America Pod Save America is an American progressive political podcast produced and distributed by Crooked", "title": "Pod Save America" }, { "id": "20207867", "text": "Fall 2018, four \"Pod Save America\" one-hour specials will air on HBO. By November of its first year, the podcast had been downloaded over 120 million times, and 175 million times by February 2018. The company is headquartered in Los Angeles, California. Favreau, Lovett, Vietor, and Pfeiffer hosted The Ringer's \"Keepin' it 1600\" political podcast from March 2016 until December 2016. After Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 Presidential Election, Favreau, Lovett, and Vietor decided they wanted to do podcasting and activism on a full-time basis. In an interview with Recode's Kara Swisher, Vietor explained that “If Hillary had won,", "title": "Crooked Media" }, { "id": "20207866", "text": "Crooked Media Crooked Media is an American political media company. It was founded in 2017 by Jon Favreau, Jon Lovett, and Tommy Vietor, all former top Barack Obama staffers and co-hosts, with Dan Pfeiffer, of the \"Keepin' it 1600\" podcast. The company's offerings encompass a network of podcasts; a news and opinion website; live shows and tours; and a social media and live streaming presence. It aims to foster open conversation between liberals and support grassroots activism and political participation. The company's flagship podcast, \"Pod Save America\", airs twice weekly and averages more than 1.5 million listeners an episode. In", "title": "Crooked Media" }, { "id": "19955540", "text": "Tommy Vietor Thomas Frederick \"Tommy\" Vietor IV (born August 31, 1980) is an American political commentator and podcaster. He is a former spokesperson for President Obama and United States National Security Council from 2011 to 2013. He is a founder of Crooked Media and currently hosts the podcasts \"Pod Save America and Pod Save the World.\" Vietor was raised in Dedham, Massachusetts. He is a descendant of Ethan Allen, a noted American Revolutionary War patriot. He graduated from Kenyon College in 2002 with a BA in philosophy. While at Kenyon, he participated in campus Greek life as a member of", "title": "Tommy Vietor" }, { "id": "19871170", "text": "Lovett, Favreau and Vietor founded their own company, Crooked Media, and launched a new podcast, \"Pod Save America\". In March 2017, Lovett began hosting \"Lovett or Leave It\", a panel show podcast from Crooked Media, recorded in front of a live audience in Los Angeles. Lovett and Crooked Media have embarked on national and international tours featuring live versions of \"Pod Save America\" and \"Lovett or Leave It\". Lovett is gay. His partner is journalist Ronan Farrow. Jon Lovett Jon Ira Lovett (born August 17, 1982) is an American screenwriter, speechwriter, television producer, and podcaster. After working as a speech", "title": "Jon Lovett" }, { "id": "19871166", "text": "Jon Lovett Jon Ira Lovett (born August 17, 1982) is an American screenwriter, speechwriter, television producer, and podcaster. After working as a speech and joke writer for President Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, Lovett co-created the NBC White House sitcom \"1600 Penn\", and served as a writer and producer on the third season of HBO's \"The Newsroom\". He is a founder of Crooked Media and currently hosts the podcasts \"Pod Save America\" and \"Lovett or Leave It\". Lovett was born to a Reform Jewish family in Woodbury, Long Island that operated a box factory started by his grandfather. He attended", "title": "Jon Lovett" }, { "id": "19955544", "text": "to work doing something else.” Vietor also hosts a separate podcast covering global issues and policymaking decisions called \"Pod Save the World\". The podcast debuted at number one on the iTunes podcast chart on January 10, 2017. Tommy Vietor Thomas Frederick \"Tommy\" Vietor IV (born August 31, 1980) is an American political commentator and podcaster. He is a former spokesperson for President Obama and United States National Security Council from 2011 to 2013. He is a founder of Crooked Media and currently hosts the podcasts \"Pod Save America and Pod Save the World.\" Vietor was raised in Dedham, Massachusetts. He", "title": "Tommy Vietor" }, { "id": "20372067", "text": "Pod Save the World Pod Save the World is a weekly foreign policy podcast produced and distributed by Crooked Media, and hosted by former White House National Security Council spokesman Tommy Vietor. Vietor is joined each week by a guest to discuss foreign policy and international relations. Notable guests include former National Security Advisor Susan Rice, former White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough, and US Senator and Vice Presidential Candidate Tim Kaine. New episodes initially debuted on Wednesday; towards the end of 2017, this changed to Friday. While other Crooked Media podcasts tend to focus heavily on domestic issues", "title": "Pod Save the World" }, { "id": "19703020", "text": "advocacy of the belief that Jon Lovett is a \"Straight Shooter Widely Respected on Both Sides\". By election day, the show was averaging more than 400,000 viewers per episode. The podcast was named one of the '50 Best Podcasts of 2016' by The Atlantic and one of the 'seven best new podcasts of 2016' by GQ. Entertainment Weekly called it \"the hottest political show of campaign season\". \"Keepin' it 1600\" ended in December 2016. Favreau, Lovett and Vietor formed their own company, Crooked Media, and started a new podcast called \"Pod Save America\". The show airs twice weekly, with Favreau,", "title": "Keepin' it 1600" }, { "id": "19703018", "text": "Keepin' it 1600 Keepin' it 1600 was an American political podcast produced by The Ringer and hosted by former Barack Obama staffers Jon Favreau, Tommy Vietor, Jon Lovett, and Dan Pfeiffer. The podcast began in March 2016 during the US presidential primaries with weekly episodes hosted by Favreau and Pfeiffer, and continued with twice weekly episodes through the 2016 United States presidential election and the first weeks following Trump's election. The show ended in December 2016, and became the podcast Pod Save America through the hosts’ new media company, Crooked Media. The podcast aired as a livestream show on both", "title": "Keepin' it 1600" }, { "id": "20063771", "text": "and often feature interviews with major political and media figures including Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, Steve Bannon, Joe Biden, Paul Ryan, Bernie Sanders, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tomi Lahren, Elizabeth Warren, Scott Pruitt, John McCain, Kamala Harris, Lindsey Graham, the hosts of Pod Save America and others. The show is aimed at young people who are increasingly not watching TV news but are instead spending time on mobile platforms like Snapchat. On any given day, Snapchat reaches 41 percent of U.S. 18- to 34-year-olds. An average individual TV network only reaches 9 percent of the same demographic. According to a report from", "title": "Good Luck America" }, { "id": "20009302", "text": "music to show how those in the world of entertainment chose to help the nation heal after the attack. The documentary also delved into how the terrorist attacks changed pop culture on television and in films. The show premiered on September 5, 2011, and was aired several more times over the following week, including a prime time airing on September 11, with its final showing the following day. The show utilized Alan Kalter as its narrator. In the run-up to the anniversary of the attacks, both the \"New York Times\" and \"Entertainment Weekly\", named the documentary to their top 10", "title": "When Pop Culture Saved America" }, { "id": "20163738", "text": "Pod Save the People Pod Save the People is an American political podcast produced and distributed by Crooked Media and hosted by organizer and activist DeRay Mckesson with weekly appearances by Samuel Sinyangwe, Clint Smith, and Brittany Packnett. Mckesson talks about culture, social justice, and politics by exploring the history, language, and people who are shaping the struggle for progress — and talking about the steps that each of us can take to make a difference. When asked about the podcast's purpose, Mckessen said: \"It is about creating space for conversation about the most important issues of the week. It", "title": "Pod Save the People" }, { "id": "11783366", "text": "presidential election was won by Donald Trump, Favreau, Vietor and Jon Lovett founded Crooked Media. Favreau also writes for the \"Daily Beast\" and co-hosts a political podcast \"Pod Save America\" with Dan Pfeiffer, Vietor, and Lovett. In the wake of the new Republican healthcare bill, the AHCA, Jon coined the term \"Wealthcare.\" He currently serves on the Board of Advisors of Let America Vote, a voting rights organization founded by fellow Crooked Media host Jason Kander. Favreau was named one of the \"100 Most Influential People in the World\" by \"Time\" magazine in 2009. In the same year he was", "title": "Jon Favreau (speechwriter)" }, { "id": "12932762", "text": "Daniel Pfeiffer Howard Daniel Pfeiffer (born December 24, 1975) is an American activist, podcaster, and former Senior Advisor to U.S. President Barack Obama for Strategy and Communications. Pfeiffer was a long-time aide to Obama, serving in various press and communications roles throughout his 2008 campaign for the Presidency, on his presidential transition team, and in the Obama White House. He co-hosts the \"Pod Save America\" podcast with Jon Favreau, Jon Lovett, and Tommy Vietor. In 2015, Pfeiffer joined CNN as a political contributor. Pfeiffer was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the son of Vivian Lear (née Strange), a learning specialist, and", "title": "Daniel Pfeiffer" }, { "id": "19703021", "text": "Lovett and Vietor hosting a Monday show and Favreau and Pfeiffer hosting a Thursday show. Keepin' it 1600 Keepin' it 1600 was an American political podcast produced by The Ringer and hosted by former Barack Obama staffers Jon Favreau, Tommy Vietor, Jon Lovett, and Dan Pfeiffer. The podcast began in March 2016 during the US presidential primaries with weekly episodes hosted by Favreau and Pfeiffer, and continued with twice weekly episodes through the 2016 United States presidential election and the first weeks following Trump's election. The show ended in December 2016, and became the podcast Pod Save America through the", "title": "Keepin' it 1600" }, { "id": "19955543", "text": "administration alumni Dan Pfeiffer and Jon Lovett. Shortly after the November 2016 election, Vietor, Lovett and Favreau decided to pursue podcasting and activism on a full-time basis. They founded their own company, Crooked Media, and launched a new podcast, \"Pod Save America\". In an interview with Recode's Kara Swisher, Vietor explained that “If Hillary had won, we probably would’ve kept doing this as a hobby... But when she lost, I think we all had this existential crisis, where it didn’t feel right to wake up every day and obsess about politics and what’s happening in the country, and then go", "title": "Tommy Vietor" }, { "id": "20207877", "text": "the company launched \"The Crooked 7\" in partnership with Swing Left, a new initiative to raise money to flip seven California House districts held by Republicans in the 2018 midterm elections. All seven California districts targeted flipped to Democratic control after the 2018 midterms. The company's podcasts regularly sit near the top of the iTunes list of most popular podcasts. The \"New York Times\" has called Crooked Media 'the left's answer to conservative talk radio'. \"Pod Save America\" was called \"the nation’s most popular political podcast\" by \"Newsweek\". Reviewing the first episodes of the company's flagship podcast, \"The Guardian\" noted:", "title": "Crooked Media" }, { "id": "20009300", "text": "When Pop Culture Saved America When Pop Culture Saved America is an American documentary dealing with how American culture helped the country deal with the 9-11 terrorist attacks on the United States. Produced by David P. Levin, the film consists of interviews with stars and personalities such as Kristin Chenoweth, Idina Menzel, Denis Leary, Dan Rather, Regis Philbin, and Ray Romano. It was produced by Brainstorm, Inc. for The Biography Channel (now called FYI), as part of their remembrance of the attacks on their 10th anniversary. Which \"Entertainment Weekly\" cited as one of the 10 specials to watch on the", "title": "When Pop Culture Saved America" }, { "id": "20613573", "text": "7 May 2018. Airdates listed as per the Sky Atlantic broadcast. All episodes of this series were available to download from Sky Box Sets and Now TV from 28 February 2018. Save Me (UK TV series) Save Me (also known as Gone) is a six-part British television drama serial, written by, created by and starring Lennie James. It first broadcast on Sky Atlantic on 28 February 2018, with all six episodes being released via Sky Box Sets and Now TV on the same day. Sky Vision distributes the series worldwide. For the U.S., the series was picked up at Starz,", "title": "Save Me (UK TV series)" }, { "id": "20163739", "text": "is also about making sure people have the information they need to be the most thoughtful activists and organizers\". Notable guests have included Edward Snowden, Senator Cory Booker, and singers John Legend and Katy Perry. Pod Save the People debuted on the iTunes podcast chart at number four, and reached a peak of number two. The A.V. Club noted that \"For an audience increasingly hungry for quality discussion of deadly serious matters like health care, this show will likely be eagerly consumed\". Pod Save the People Pod Save the People is an American political podcast produced and distributed by Crooked", "title": "Pod Save the People" }, { "id": "20207878", "text": "\"\"Pod Save America\"'s commentators are sparky and funny—and they have a habit of talking a whole lot of sense.\" Crooked Media Crooked Media is an American political media company. It was founded in 2017 by Jon Favreau, Jon Lovett, and Tommy Vietor, all former top Barack Obama staffers and co-hosts, with Dan Pfeiffer, of the \"Keepin' it 1600\" podcast. The company's offerings encompass a network of podcasts; a news and opinion website; live shows and tours; and a social media and live streaming presence. It aims to foster open conversation between liberals and support grassroots activism and political participation. The", "title": "Crooked Media" }, { "id": "11783354", "text": "Robert Gibbs recommended Favreau to Obama as a speechwriter. Favreau was hired as Obama's speechwriter shortly after Obama's election to the United States Senate. Obama and Favreau grew close, and Obama referred to him as his \"mind reader.\" He went on the campaign trail with Obama during his successful presidential election campaign. In 2009, he was named to the White House staff as Director of Speechwriting. In January 2017, he co-founded liberal media company Crooked Media with fellow former Obama staffers Tommy Vietor and Jon Lovett, and began co-hosting the political podcast \"Pod Save America\" with Vietor, Lovett and Dan", "title": "Jon Favreau (speechwriter)" }, { "id": "20207870", "text": "from outside investors; instead using advertising revenue to fund the business. Alyssa Mastromonaco (Hysteria), Ana Marie Cox (With Friends Like These), Blair Imani (Hysteria), Brittany Packnett (Pod Save the People), Clint Smith III (Pod Save the People), Dan Pfeiffer (Pod Save America), DeRay Mckesson (Pod Save the People), Erin Ryan (Hysteria), Grace Parra (Hysteria), Ira Madison III (Keep It), Jason Kander (Majority 54), Jon Favreau (Pod Save America/The Wilderness), Jon Lovett (Pod Save America/Lovett or Leave It), Kara Brown (Keep It), Kiran Deol (Hysteria), Louis Virtel (Keep It), Megan Gailey (Hysteria), Samuel Sinyangwe (Pod Save the People), Tommy Vietor (Pod", "title": "Crooked Media" }, { "id": "19377323", "text": "20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \"Kim Possible\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014", "title": "Big Hero 6: The Series" }, { "id": "17729048", "text": "David P. Levin David P. Levin (born August 5, 1958) is an American producer, director, writer and editor. In the early days of MTV, he produced Rockumentaries on Madonna and Michael Jackson, and later went on to help create and develop the \"Uncensored\" brand for MTV. Later on he created, produced and directed TV Land Confidential for TV Land, and recently produced and directed \"When Pop Culture Saved America\", Which \"Entertainment Weekly\" cited as one of the 10 specials to watch on the tenth anniversary of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. He is the founder of BrainStorm Inc., a video production", "title": "David P. Levin" }, { "id": "19544916", "text": "the Ringer, the hosts of \"Keepin' it 1600\" created a new podcast called \"Pod Save America\" as part of their own new media company, Crooked Media. In 2017, \"The Ringer\" began the video podcast series \"Talk the Thrones\", an aftershow for \"Game of Thrones\" hosted by Ringer staff writers and live-streamed on Twitter. \"Talk the Thrones\" is a continuation of \"After the Thrones\", which aired on HBO. As of April 30, 2018, The Ringer's world-wide Alexa ranking is 2,077 with over 15 million views per month. Of those, 6,150,000 are unique visitors. In May 2018, The Ringer published a story", "title": "The Ringer (website)" }, { "id": "19125144", "text": "through November 12. The second chapter began streaming in January 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel Space before being streamed on Crave; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z. Subsequent episodes will be released through Space, Z, and Crave, with Space airing each episode 30 minutes before it's streamed on All Access. In the other countries, Netflix will", "title": "Star Trek: Discovery" }, { "id": "20372068", "text": "within the United States, Pod Save the World discusses global issues and international relations, with a focus on civic involvement. Vietor describes the podcast as a \"no bullshit\" approach to global news that tries to make complicated issues seem relatable and simple to understand. It debuted at number one on the iTunes podcast chart on January 10, 2017. Salon named \"Pod Save the World\" as one of its '15 indispensable policy podcasts'. Vogue called it one of spring 2017's best shows. Pod Save the World Pod Save the World is a weekly foreign policy podcast produced and distributed by Crooked", "title": "Pod Save the World" }, { "id": "20613571", "text": "Save Me (UK TV series) Save Me (also known as Gone) is a six-part British television drama serial, written by, created by and starring Lennie James. It first broadcast on Sky Atlantic on 28 February 2018, with all six episodes being released via Sky Box Sets and Now TV on the same day. Sky Vision distributes the series worldwide. For the U.S., the series was picked up at Starz, where the series is set to air starting September 6, 2018 The series stars James as Nelson \"Nelly\" Rowe, a down-and-out whose life is turned upside down when Jody, the estranged", "title": "Save Me (UK TV series)" }, { "id": "17729050", "text": "a director/producer/writer for a variety of companies, including American Movie Classics, USA Network and MTV. While at MTV, he produced several episodes of the \"Rockumentaries\" series, including Madonna, Elton John and Michael Jackson. Levin co-created the long-running, Emmy nominated series \"MTV Uncensored\" for the network. Later he went on to create \"TV Land Confidential\", \"The A-List\", for Animal Planet, and the pilot for the comedy series \"Take Two\" which starred Anson Williams, Don Most and Beth Littleford. In 2011, Levin wrote, directed and produced \"When Pop Culture Saved America\", a documentary commemorating the tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks.", "title": "David P. Levin" }, { "id": "16793555", "text": "2016 on TVNZ's TV2. In Japan, Disney Channel streamed the episode \"Stormy Weather\" through its mobile application on 1 July 2018, before the official premiere on 23 July in the same year. The second season premiere is scheduled for a global launch around September–November 2017 in Europe, At a panel at San Diego Comic-Con 2017, it was announced that the second season would have its North American release on Netflix in December 2017, with 13 episodes to be released. KidsClick will start airing season 2 of this show in the US starting 30 August 2018, marking the first time that", "title": "Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir" }, { "id": "20207868", "text": "we probably would’ve kept doing this as a hobby... But when she lost, I think we all had this existential crisis, where it didn’t feel right to wake up every day and obsess about politics and what’s happening in the country, and then go to work doing something else.” The quartet ended \"Keepin' it 1600\" in December 2016. Favreau, Lovett, and Vietor formed their own company, Crooked Media, and, the following month, launched a new podcast called \"Pod Save America\". Pfeiffer opted not to join the company, and instead co-host the Thursday edition of the show. Crooked Media is named", "title": "Crooked Media" }, { "id": "16502613", "text": "Save Me (U.S. TV series) Save Me is an American sitcom series starring Anne Heche as Beth Harper, a woman who, after nearly choking to death on a sandwich, becomes a direct pipeline to God. NBC placed a 13-episode series order in May 2012. It debuted on Thursday, May 23, 2013, at 8:00 p.m. Eastern/7:00 p.m. Central and ended on June 13, 2013, after the seventh episode. Mill Creek Entertainment announced the complete series on DVD. Censorship advocacy group One Million Moms (part of the American Family Association) complained about \"Save Me\"'s content in June 2013, accusing it of being", "title": "Save Me (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "20207875", "text": "Jon Favreau, it is a docuseries about the Democratic Party. Crooked Media embarked on its first tour, \"Pod Tours America\", in fall of 2017. The tour featured live versions of \"Pod Save America\" and \"Lovett or Leave it\", and appearances from McKesson, Cox, various members of the 'Crooked Contributors' network, and special guests. Live shows are recorded and released as podcasts. A second tour, \"Pod Tours the World\", was announced for 2018, with live shows in Stockholm, Oslo, Amsterdam, and London. Unlike more traditional media organisations, Crooked Media engages directly in political activism, including advocating for policies and candidates, supporting", "title": "Crooked Media" }, { "id": "18581479", "text": "September 1974–April 1975 September 1975–April 1976 September 1976–April 1977 September 1977–April 1978 September 1978–April 1979 September 1979–April 1980 September 1980–April 1981 September 1981–April 1982 September 1982–April 1983 September 1983–April 1984 September 1984–April 1985 September 1985–April 1986 September 1986–April 1987 September 1987–April 1988 October 1988–April 1989 September 1989–April 1990 September 1990–April 1991 September 1991–April 1992 September 1992–April 1993 September 1993–April 1994 September 1994–April 1995 September 1995–May 1996 September 1996–May 1997 September 1997–May 1998 September 1998–May 1999 September 1999–May 2000 September 2000–May 2001 September 2001–May 2002 September 2002–May 2003 September 2003–May 2004 September 2004–May 2005 September 2005–May 2006 September 2006–May 2007 September", "title": "Top-rated United States television programs by season" }, { "id": "9854100", "text": "aired on June 21, 2010. The 19 episodes that aired June–August 2009 and March–June 2010 were released collectively as a third and final season. UK: Season 1 began on More4 on Monday 29 August 2009 at 11:00 P.M. Season 2 began after a considerable gap on Thursday 26 January 2012 at 10:35 P.M. Portugal: Season 1 and 2 already have been broadcast on Fox Life. The third season is currently airing on Fox Next which is also rerunning the previous two seasons. In Australia, Season 1 has just begun airing on 9 August 2011 on Channel 10 at midnight most", "title": "Saving Grace (TV series)" }, { "id": "19872785", "text": "second season, premiered March 24, 2017, after a DCOM, called \"\", premiered March 10, 2017. \"Liv and Maddie\" aired its final episode on March 24, 2017 after four seasons. \"Andi Mack\", premiered April 7, 2017. \"\", a show based on the characters of the 2012 movie of the same name, premiered June 25, 2017. \"Raven's Home\", a spin-off of \"That's So Raven\", premiered July 21, 2017, after the premiere of \"Descendants 2\". On February 2 2018, \"K.C. Undercover\" aired its final episode (actually two produced episodes broadcast as a one-hour episode) after three seasons. Disney XD series \"DuckTales\", \"\", and", "title": "History of Disney Channel" }, { "id": "19313870", "text": "K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\" had its worldwide television premiere in the US on Cartoon Network on August 1, 2017, and aired on sister network Boomerang from August 7 to September 1, 2017. In Canada, it premiered on August 1 on Cartoon Network and on September 4 on Teletoon. In Africa, the shorts were released on September 11 and the full series premiered on November 18, 2017. It premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 9, 2017. It premiered in Australia and New Zealand and the Philippines on January 6, 2018 and in Southeast Asia on January 20, 2018. A", "title": "OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes" }, { "id": "17154804", "text": "episodes aired in the first season while the second season, premiering on April 11, 2014, consisting of 19 episodes. The third season premiered on July 17, 2015 with 20 episodes aired. The fourth season premiered on June 9, 2017 with 19 episodes aired. The fifth season premiered on October 6, 2018. As of March 2014, a total of 100 million viewers in the United States had seen the series, and it was airing in 160 countries. As of June 2014, the show, translated in 34 languages, had reached over 135 million viewers worldwide. \"Mickey Mouse\" is available on HD on", "title": "Mickey Mouse (TV series)" }, { "id": "19861860", "text": "Central, Mountain, Alaska, and Hawaii-Aleutian times. From February 8 to February 25, 2018, NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea aired live in all time zones, encompassing all of primetime those days. The East Coast late night coverage after the late local news (around midnight ET/11 p.m. CT) at approximately 12:35 a.m. ET/11:35 p.m. CT was carried on the West Coast in primetime under the \"Prime Time Plus\" banner. Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2016–17:", "title": "2017–18 United States network television schedule" }, { "id": "5789134", "text": "2017 on MTV. The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV. The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018. The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV. The 13th season had filmed in Atlanta from October 29 to November 11, 2018 and will air sometime in 2019 on MTV. Wild 'n Out Nick Cannon Presents:", "title": "Wild 'n Out" }, { "id": "16429849", "text": "Ben Rhodes (White House staffer) Benjamin J. Rhodes (born November 14, 1977) is a writer and political commentator. With Jake Sullivan, he is the co-chair of National Security Action, which promotes progressive foreign policy as an alternative to the Trump administration's approach. He contributes to NBC News and MSNBC regularly as a political commentator. He is also a Crooked Media contributor, and co-host of the foreign policy podcast Pod Save the World. In 2018, Random House published The World as It Is, a New York Times bestseller and revelatory behind-the-scenes account of Obama’s presidency. George Packer in the New Yorker", "title": "Ben Rhodes (White House staffer)" }, { "id": "5081521", "text": "WBT AM/FM, WLNK-FM and WFNZ-AM joined Entercom. On August 3, 2017, Entercom announced the purchase of a 45% stake in Cadence13 (formerly DGital Media), a startup that handles ad sales and distribution for podcasts, including \"Pod Save America\", \"Recode Decode\" and \"The Tony Kornheiser Show\". On February 2, 2017, Entercom announced that it had agreed to merge with CBS Radio. The purchase will give Entercom operations in 23 of the top 25 markets, and make it the second-largest owner of radio stations in the United States, behind only iHeartMedia; under the terms of the Reverse Morris Trust, the company would", "title": "Entercom" }, { "id": "19016610", "text": "rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research. Note: ABC aired \"Dancing with the Stars\" on Tuesday from September 20 to October 4. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: 2016–17 United States network television schedule The 2016–17 network television schedule for the five major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers prime time hours from September 2016 to August 2017. The schedule is", "title": "2016–17 United States network television schedule" }, { "id": "18757893", "text": "DeRay Mckesson DeRay Mckesson (born July 9, 1985) is an American civil rights activist, podcaster, and former school administrator. Mckesson is a supporter of the Black Lives Matter movement, often on social media outlets such as Twitter and Instagram, and has been active in the protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and Baltimore, Maryland. Mckesson has also written for \"HuffPost\" and \"The Guardian\". Along with Johnetta Elzie, Brittany Packnett, and Samuel Sinyangwe, Mckesson launched Campaign Zero, a policy platform to end police violence. He currently hosts the Crooked Media podcast Pod Save the People. On February 3, 2016, Mckesson announced his candidacy", "title": "DeRay Mckesson" }, { "id": "17079195", "text": "100, marking the band's first top twenty single since the group's 2008 cover of Michael Jackson's \"Beat It\". \"My Songs\" would shortly sell 5 million downloads in the US to be certified 5x Platinum by the RIAA, and also peak at number five on the UK Singles Chart. The band promoted the song with TV performances and in acoustic version at radio interviews. Fall Out Boy announced on June 24 that the next single would be \"The Phoenix\" via the group's Facebook page. It was released to American modern rock radio on July 16. A month later, the band announced", "title": "Save Rock and Roll" }, { "id": "15522990", "text": "\"bawdy and hilarious\", and a \"guilty pleasure\". The show has aired continuously since May 15, 2014, with an incarnation of the franchise airing nearly every Monday on VH1. In the US, \"\" usually airs in spring and through summer, followed by \"\" in the fall and \"\" and \"\" in the winter. As of November 26, 2018, 324 original episodes of \"New York\", \"Atlanta\", \"Hollywood\" and \"Miami\" have aired over twenty-two seasons. \"Love & Hip Hop\" had its origins as a 2006 pilot called \"Keeping Up With the Joneses\", which centered around rapper Jim Jones and was produced by Stefan", "title": "Love & Hip Hop" }, { "id": "1580860", "text": "(2014–15) it aired on digital channel, Eleven, a sister channel to Network Ten. Its final season (2016) aired on Fox8 hours after the original U.S. broadcast. The show enjoyed a lot of popularity in Australia throughout the 2000s before declining in the ratings. In the United Kingdom, episodes were aired one day after the U.S. broadcast on digital channel ITV2. In the twelfth season, the episodes aired on 5*. It was also aired in Ireland on TV3 two days after the telecast. In Brazil and Israel, the show airs two days after its original broadcast. In the instances where the", "title": "American Idol" }, { "id": "20009301", "text": "tenth anniversary of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. As the United States prepared to remember the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 on their tenth anniversary, many television networks developed specials. The Biography Channel (Bio), one of A&E Networks' channels prepared three to be aired in observance. with an additional production slated for the A&E channel. The three slated for Bio were: \"When Pop Culture Saved America\", \"I Survived ... 9/11\", and \"Beyond: Messages from 9/11\"; A&E's entry was \"Portraits from Ground Zero\". The producer, David P. Levin, interviewed almost two dozen celebrities from the worlds of television, film, theater and", "title": "When Pop Culture Saved America" }, { "id": "16502614", "text": "anti-Christian, while focusing its complaints on the character of Beth. The group urged others to protest to NBC to cancel the show. Save Me (U.S. TV series) Save Me is an American sitcom series starring Anne Heche as Beth Harper, a woman who, after nearly choking to death on a sandwich, becomes a direct pipeline to God. NBC placed a 13-episode series order in May 2012. It debuted on Thursday, May 23, 2013, at 8:00 p.m. Eastern/7:00 p.m. Central and ended on June 13, 2013, after the seventh episode. Mill Creek Entertainment announced the complete series on DVD. Censorship advocacy", "title": "Save Me (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "19721949", "text": "The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary. On May 1, 2018, the show moved to the Disney Channel, with new episodes airing on Fridays beginning May 4, 2018. In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017. The full series debuted on March 1, 2018 on Disney XD. In Indonesia,", "title": "DuckTales (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "19680155", "text": "Canada, premiering on November 22, and aired on Syfy in the United Kingdom premiering on April 18, 2018. The premiere episode made its broadcast debut in the United States on Freeform on August 2, 2018, following the airing of the first season finale of \"Cloak & Dagger\"; the airing is part of Freeform's ongoing marketing partnership with Hulu. The second season, consisting of 13 episodes, is scheduled to be released in its entirety on December 21, 2018. Cast members and Schwartz and Savage appeared at New York Comic Con 2017 to promote the series, where a trailer for the series", "title": "Runaways (TV series)" }, { "id": "16269497", "text": "Ion Television announced that they had secured the American broadcast rights to the show, and began airing it in 2016. Malcolm MacRury and Morwyn Brebner devised the concept of the series. MacRury had previously co-created the comedy series \"Republic of Doyle\" for CBC, while Brebner had previously co-created television drama \"Rookie Blue\" for the Global Television Network. Canadian broadcaster CTV had picked up the pilot episode in November 2011. Executive producers of the show went to Los Angeles, California, to pitch the series to U.S. broadcasters. Their efforts convinced NBC to pick up the series for airing in the United", "title": "Saving Hope" }, { "id": "247529", "text": "in HD, and are framed to their on director's preference. \"Jersey Shore\", despite being shot with widescreen HD cameras, was also presented with SD windowboxing (though the 2018 \"\" revival is in full HD). The vast majority of providers carry MTV HD. MTV Networks also operates MTV Live, a high-definition channel that features original HD music programming and HD versions of music related programs from MTV, VH1 and CMT. The channel was launched in January 2006 as MHD (Music: High Definition). The channel was officially rebranded as MTV Live on February 1, 2016. In 2005 and 2006, MTV launched a", "title": "MTV" }, { "id": "17079196", "text": "that \"Alone Together\" would be the album's third single, with a release to pop radio set for August 6, 2013. The single peaked at number 71 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and spent 8 weeks on the chart, and was certified Platinum by the RIAA. \"Young Volcanoes\" was later announced as the fourth single from the album. It officially impacted radio in the United Kingdom on November 4, coinciding with the band's performance at the O2 Academy Islington, and later peaked at number 64 on the UK Singles Chart. Inspired in part by Daft Punk's \"\", the band released a", "title": "Save Rock and Roll" }, { "id": "19477756", "text": "Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later is a satirical comedy web television series created by David Wain and Michael Showalter, and directed by Wain. The Netflix series, which is part of the Wet Hot American Summer franchise, is a sequel to both Wain's 2001 film \"Wet Hot American Summer\", and the 2015 prequel television series \"\". The series consists of eight episodes, and was released on August 4, 2017. The show is set in 1991 in both the camp and New York City. Showalter cited \"St. Elmo's Fire\", \"Singles\", and \"The Big", "title": "Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later" }, { "id": "16269501", "text": "television seasons. In Australia, the series premiered on SoHo on February 6, 2015. Saving Hope Saving Hope is a Canadian supernatural medical drama television series set in the fictional Hope Zion Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. The show's premise originated with Malcolm MacRury and Morwyn Brebner, who are both credited as creators and executive producers. The pilot was filmed in Toronto. \"Saving Hope\" initially aired from June 7, 2012, to August 3, 2017, on CTV, and on NBC for its first season. The protagonist of the show is Dr. Alex Reid (Erica Durance), a doctor whose fiancé, Dr. Charles Harris (Michael", "title": "Saving Hope" }, { "id": "19877198", "text": "Swim. (The rest of the season also aired on Adult Swim in a similar pattern.) On February 20, 2018, the first two episodes were released on iTunes; \"Chapter One\" was released for free while \"Chapter Two\" reached #1 in the Animation category. Over a month later, the entire season reached #3. Netflix handles the international distribution to the show and released it on its platform on July 20. On February 24, 2018, a premiere event of the first two episodes was held in Nashville, Tennessee, selling out four of the five showings. \"Final Space\" is also available on TBS's app.", "title": "Final Space" }, { "id": "18038076", "text": "2, 2018. In Canada, the series premiered on Family Channel on January 23, 2015, and moved to Disney Channel on September 1, 2015. During the launch week of Disney Channel, the episode \"Runaway Robot\" aired on September 1, 2015, a week before the U.S. The series premiered on Disney Channel in Australia and New Zealand on March 5, 2015. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the show premiered on March 27, 2015, on Disney Channel. On Disney Channel in Southeast Asia, it premiered in Singapore on March 13, 2015, and in the Philippines on April 10, 2015. The show debuted", "title": "K.C. Undercover" }, { "id": "1614736", "text": "with the original Law & Order but stopped after the first episode. The first season later moved to Nine's sister channel Gem on Sunday nights as of February 25, 2018 at 9:10pm with double episodes before moving to single episodes, and later reairing them in the early hours of Monday morning. Gem is currently airing the second season. Season 19 premiered on Network Ten on October 5, 2017 at 9:40pm. As of September 2017, the show is rerun on fellow NBCUniversal network USA, as well as Ion Television, MyNetworkTV's Monday evening lineup, and local stations. The show also briefly ran", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "16736792", "text": "finale to properly conclude the series, to air on December 20, 2018. Season 1 aired on NBC in the U.S. and on Global in Canada on Monday nights at 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific (9 p.m. Central). Season 2 aired on NBC and Global on Sunday nights at 10 p.m. EST/PST. (9 p.m. CST). Episodes can also be streamed online through NBC and Global's respective websites, as well as on Netflix in some countries. Episodes can also be streamed on Hulu in the United States. Starting from December 14, 2016, it aired in the UK on E4 every Wednesday at", "title": "Timeless (TV series)" }, { "id": "19263780", "text": "Freeform airs its original drama series on Monday and/or Tuesday nights, and since 2011 (beginning under the former ABC Family brand), has aired its comedy series on Wednesdays. The channel airs first-run episodes of its original series mainly between January and August, with films generally airing in their place during prime time on the aforementioned nights from September to December (the only exception since 2010, have been annual Halloween episodes of \"Pretty Little Liars\" that air as part of the 13 Nights of Halloween in October as well as the debut of the first third of season one of \"Ravenswood\"", "title": "Freeform (TV channel)" }, { "id": "16269493", "text": "Saving Hope Saving Hope is a Canadian supernatural medical drama television series set in the fictional Hope Zion Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. The show's premise originated with Malcolm MacRury and Morwyn Brebner, who are both credited as creators and executive producers. The pilot was filmed in Toronto. \"Saving Hope\" initially aired from June 7, 2012, to August 3, 2017, on CTV, and on NBC for its first season. The protagonist of the show is Dr. Alex Reid (Erica Durance), a doctor whose fiancé, Dr. Charles Harris (Michael Shanks), is in a coma after a car accident while on his way", "title": "Saving Hope" }, { "id": "6414169", "text": "Save Our History Save Our History is a television program sponsored by The History Channel. It is a national history education and preservation program that raises awareness and support for preserving local and national heritage. It partnered with Preserve America, a White House initiative created by Laura Bush on March 3, 2003, to encourage the preservation of the United States' cultural heritage. The show is hosted by Edward Herrmann, and \"Save Our History: America's Most Endangered 1999\" is hosted by Noah Wyle. In 2006, \"Save Our History\" added the Teacher and Student of the Year Awards, given to those who", "title": "Save Our History" }, { "id": "20045726", "text": "of bugs and glitches found at launch. Steven Universe: Save the Light Steven Universe: Save the Light is an action-adventure role-playing video game developed by Grumpyface Studios and published by Cartoon Network Games. Based on the television series \"Steven Universe\", it is a sequel to the 2015 mobile game \"\". It was released digitally on October 31, 2017 for PlayStation 4, and on November 3, 2017 for Xbox One, and was released on Windows and OS X in August 2018, and released on Nintendo Switch in October 2018. After the events of \"Attack of the Light!\", Steven, the Gems and", "title": "Steven Universe: Save the Light" }, { "id": "12894568", "text": "Thom Hartmann, Larry King, Lee Camp, Jesse Ventura and Ed Schultz. It is available nationally on Dish Network and DirecTV and regionally on Charter Spectrum and other cable providers, and through a limited number of terrestrial affiliates that carry RT on digital subchannels. Additionally, RT America is made available through several streaming apps across many different platforms such as Roku and Android TV as well as several Blu-ray players and smart TVs. The channel's live stream is also available free on RT's website. RT has been registered as a foreign agent since November 2017. i24NEWS is an English language international", "title": "United States cable news" }, { "id": "7019924", "text": "on pay-TV Foxtel from early January 2008, at 8.30pm on a Saturday night. It was also telecast on free-to-air Channel Seven from June 10, 2009, at midnight. In Italy, \"Saved\" was broadcast on Italia 1 from 12 September to 13 November 2007. Saved (TV series) Saved is a medical drama television series, which was broadcast on TNT in 2006. The series was created by David Manson. The series was premiered on June 12, 2006. The pilot episode, \"A Day in the Life\", received 5.1 million viewers. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" was the first to report that \"Saved\" would not be renewed", "title": "Saved (TV series)" }, { "id": "14845321", "text": "from various media outlets including \"The View\", \"The Huffington Post\", and \"Good Morning America\" for a breast cancer awareness video she wrote, and directed that went viral called \"Save the Boobs\". In 2010, she was selected as one of \"HELLO!\" Magazine's 50 most beautiful Canadians and the \"National Post\" newspaper's \"Worthy-30 to watch\" lists. She has her Social Media & Digital Marketing certificate from Harvard University, and her BA degree in Broadcast Communications from the University of Ottawa. Aliya Jasmine Sovani Aliya-Jasmine \"AJ\" Sovani (born November 18, 1982) is a television broadcaster and producer, initially known for her work on", "title": "Aliya Jasmine Sovani" }, { "id": "7846365", "text": "media insiders were not so confident. There was growing speculation on some news sites that NBC would cancel the series at the conclusion of its fourth season or that it might renew the show for a fifth and final season by ordering either 6 or 13 episodes and possibly airing them as a backup or mid-season replacement. On May 14, 2010, NBC made it official that \"Heroes\" was indeed cancelled. Following the debut of \"Heroes\" in 2006, the tagline \"Save the Cheerleader, Save the World\" was recognized within the television industry as an effective marketing device. In 2006, NBC also", "title": "Heroes (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "10411020", "text": "Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd", "title": "2007 Nashville Kats season" }, { "id": "7319731", "text": "and \"Kept Alive\". In September 2017, Oxygen and USA Network acquired off-network reruns of \"Chicago P.D.\", which were added to their schedules in October 2017. \"Homicide For The Holidays.\" Oxygen HD was launched in March 2011 as high definition simulcast feed, eventually becoming the main feed with the standard definition feed being originated at the cable provider headend through downscaling. It is available through most providers. Oxygen (TV channel) Oxygen is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment Group division of NBCUniversal, all owned by Comcast. The channel primarily airs true", "title": "Oxygen (TV channel)" }, { "id": "2030820", "text": "campaign on their website called \"Save The O.C.\", which garnered over 740,000 signatures. There were rumors that the show would be saved by The CW. The CW president Dawn Ostroff confirmed in January 2007 that while the move was discussed, it was decided against. The O.C. was syndicated on Soapnet from 2007 until 2012 in the United States, and the series began airing on Pop in 2016. The show became available for streaming on The CW Seed in 2015, and Hulu in 2016. All four seasons are available on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4. \"The O.C. The Complete", "title": "The O.C." }, { "id": "9854099", "text": "had originally ordered a split 15-episode third season, with nine episodes to be aired in the summer and six to be aired in the winter of 2009. Due to the show's cancellation, the summer season ended with ten episodes (one episode, , slated for season 2, was delayed until season 3, adding one to the nine originally ordered for the summer), and in March 2010 TNT began airing what were advertised as the final episodes. These were the six remaining episodes of the season, with three new episodes added to give the series closure. The final episode of \"Saving Grace\"", "title": "Saving Grace (TV series)" }, { "id": "15724322", "text": "streaming service Stan on February 9, 2015, acting as the service's flagship program. In New Zealand, the show is exclusive to the New Zealand-based subscription video-on-demand service, Lightbox. The episodes were available for viewing within three days of broadcast in the U.S. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the series was acquired by Netflix on December 16, 2013, and the first episode premiered on February 9, 2015, with the second episode released the following day. Every subsequent episode was released each week thereafter. In India, the series is broadcast on Colors Infinity within 24 hours of the U.S. broadcast. The", "title": "Better Call Saul" }, { "id": "20045722", "text": "Steven Universe: Save the Light Steven Universe: Save the Light is an action-adventure role-playing video game developed by Grumpyface Studios and published by Cartoon Network Games. Based on the television series \"Steven Universe\", it is a sequel to the 2015 mobile game \"\". It was released digitally on October 31, 2017 for PlayStation 4, and on November 3, 2017 for Xbox One, and was released on Windows and OS X in August 2018, and released on Nintendo Switch in October 2018. After the events of \"Attack of the Light!\", Steven, the Gems and their friends go on a quest to", "title": "Steven Universe: Save the Light" }, { "id": "14390819", "text": "at the ALMA Awards. That same year, she won the \"Margo Albert Award\" for \"Most Promising Actress\". Tracy Vilar Tracy Vilar (born Tracy Leigh Vilar April 12, 1968; and sometimes credited Tracy Villars) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Ro-Ro on the CBS sitcom \"Partners\", Sophia Ortiz on The WB sitcom \"The Steve Harvey Show\", and \"Angela de la Cruz\" on the TNT television show, \"Saved\". In 1996, Tracy was nominated for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Comedy Series for her role as \"Sophia Ortiz\" in \"The Steve Harvey Show\" at the NCLR Bravo", "title": "Tracy Vilar" }, { "id": "10416126", "text": "Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:", "title": "2007 Utah Blaze season" }, { "id": "11716433", "text": "best known as the convent of Immaculate Heart of Mary. \"90210\" first aired in the United States on The CW, Tuesdays at 8:00 pm Eastern/7:00 pm Central. In the United Kingdom, the series airs on Channel 4 and E4, after beating off competition from Channel 5, ITV2 and Living for the rights to broadcast the show. In November 2018, 90210 was made available on Channel 4's All 4. In Australia, it aired on Network Ten for 6 episodes until the network pulled it from their schedules due to low ratings. However, in January 2011 it started airing on Eleven as", "title": "90210 (TV series)" }, { "id": "20012774", "text": "T+E channel. In the United States, the series will premier the first episode – with a five-network simulcast across BBC America, AMC, IFC, WE tv and Sundance TV, while the remaining episodes will continue to be air every Saturday on BBC America. It is also available on BBCAmerica.com and the BBCA app. As for Australia, the series will premiere on Nine Network and 9Now on 17 February 2018. In New Zealand, it premiered on 12 November 2017 on TVNZ 1. For Singapore, the series premiered on MediaCorp Channel 5 on Sundays starting 27 May 2018. The programme has been credited", "title": "Blue Planet II" }, { "id": "20297782", "text": "Wet Hot American Summer (series) The Wet Hot American Summer series is an American satirical comedy film and two Netflix series' directed by David Wain and written by Wain and Michael Showalter. The series features an ensemble cast, including Janeane Garofalo, Molly Shannon, Paul Rudd, Christopher Meloni, Michael Showalter (and various other members of MTV's sketch comedy group The State), Elizabeth Banks, Ken Marino, Michael Ian Black, Bradley Cooper, Amy Poehler, Zak Orth, David Hyde Pierce and A. D. Miles. The film takes place during the last full day at a fictional summer camp in 1981, and spoofs the sex", "title": "Wet Hot American Summer (series)" }, { "id": "20291363", "text": "as of October 7 (the network commenced its regular Sunday schedule the following week, on October 14); programming airs on that night from 8 p.m.–10 p.m. ET/PT, making it the only broadcast television network to not program the Sunday 7 p.m. ET/PT hour since that hour was given to the broadcast networks through the implementation of a 1975 amendment to the since-repealed Prime Time Access Rule (PTAR). Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2017–18: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2017–18: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2017–18: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2017–18: Returning", "title": "2018–19 United States network television schedule" }, { "id": "3417636", "text": "NBC, NBC Tuesday Night at the Movies aired 8-10 p.m. from September till November. Note: The Greatest American Hero Debuts on March 18, 1981, at 8:00pm on ABC Note: NBC's Movie of the Week aired 9-11 p.m. between September and November. Note: \"The Facts of Life\" Season 2 begins Wednesday, November 19, 1980, at 9:30 on NBC. Note: CBS Thursday Movie Special aired 9-11 p.m. from September till the end of November. \"Magnum, P.I.\" had a 2-hour premiere on December 11, 1980. Note: NBC Friday Night at the Movies aired 8-10 p.m. through October and November. Note: \"The CBS Saturday", "title": "1980–81 United States network television schedule" }, { "id": "11519280", "text": "Search and Rescue (Stargate Atlantis) \"Search and Rescue\" is the fifth season premiere of science fiction television show \"Stargate Atlantis\", and is the 81st episode of the series. The episode premiered on July 11, 2008 in the United States on SCI FI channel, and was then shown on Canada's The Movie Network. The episode premiered over a month later in the United Kingdom on August 19 on Sky One. iTunes USA also made the episode available for download several days later. However, by the next episode, \"Seed\", shows will be added at the same time as they are scheduled to", "title": "Search and Rescue (Stargate Atlantis)" }, { "id": "2069570", "text": "episode, which could be streamed from the show's website using a proprietary Flash player. Since October 2006, the program has offered a free podcast feed to the public. Under this arrangement, each show is made available to podcast feeds and aggregation programs Sunday evening at 8 p.m. ET, allowing radio stations a 43-hour window of exclusivity to carry the episode. After seven days, the link to the MP3 is removed from the podcast feed. Older shows can be streamed online via the show's website, or purchased from Apple's iTunes Store for $0.95 per episode. Since the move to MP3 files", "title": "This American Life" }, { "id": "9854101", "text": "week nights. Japan: Season 1 began on 14 December 2008. Season 2 began on 11 December 2009. In Quebec, Canada, the series began airing in French on March 5, 2009, on Thursday nights at 9:00 P.M. On March 16, 2010, when season two of the series began, it had its timeslot changed to Tuesday nights at 9:00 P.M. replacing \"Bones\" after its fourth season concluded. The channel decided to air the 10 episodes of the final season following the second season. For calendar-year 2008 on a first-run basis, the series garnered 1.59 million adults in the 18-49 demo. Saving Grace", "title": "Saving Grace (TV series)" }, { "id": "7088316", "text": "then, it continually airs every day at 7am, 1pm and 4pm throughout the day, however since \"Pinky and the Brain\" premiered it is only shown at 7am, 09:30am, 11:30am and 3:30pm. It was announced on February 12, 2009 that Toei Animation has signed Well Go USA instead of Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment with the DVD rights to Digimon Data Squad, and the first thirteen US sub and dub episodes has been made available on May 26, 2009. The first DVD showed the North American edited TV version as seen on Disney XD. The second DVD set was available on", "title": "Digimon Data Squad" }, { "id": "7561940", "text": "2014, Country Music Television premiered \"Achmed Saves America\", an animated film starring Achmed the Dead Terrorist. Dunham's seventh special, \"Unhinged in Hollywood\", premiered on September 17, 2015. Rather than premiering on Comedy Central, the special instead aired on NBC. In January 2008, Dunham was voted by fans the Top Comic in Comedy Central's \"Stand-Up Showdown\". He is the only person ever to win the \"Ventriloquist of the Year\" Award twice, was nominated \"Comedian of the Year\" by the TNN Music City News Country Awards, and has drawn praise from the \"Dallas Morning News\" for his technique and timing. Critics, such", "title": "Jeff Dunham" }, { "id": "10409878", "text": "Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th", "title": "2007 New York Dragons season" }, { "id": "16912769", "text": "film \"Matter\" starring Amanda Righetti. In 2011, she directed the short film \"Bench Seat\" starring Cassie Scerbo and written by Neil LaBute. The film earned a Short Grand Prix nomination at the Warsaw International Film Festival. In 2012, she directed the \"Gossip Girl\" episode \"Save the Last Chance\", one of the final four episodes of the series. Anna Mastro Anna Mastro is an American film director, music video director and television producer. A native of Seattle, Washington, Mastro graduated from the University of Washington at the age of nineteen. She became a protege to director McG, working as his assistant", "title": "Anna Mastro" }, { "id": "838652", "text": "the series would not join Ion's schedule until March 2014, by which time Ion Television had entered into a co-production arrangement for the program. A similar deal reached in September 2014 with Entertainment One gave Ion the U.S. rights to the medical drama \"Saving Hope\" (which made its U.S. debut on NBC in the summer of 2012); Ion began airing first-run episodes and repeats of the series in October 2015. In December 2011, Ion Television acquired the syndication rights to \"Cold Case\", which debuted in 2012. On June 25, 2012, Ion Television entered into a deal with WWE to air", "title": "Ion Television" }, { "id": "4241537", "text": "Thursday nights on FOX. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2001-02: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2001-02: 2002–03 United States network television schedule This was the United States broadcast television schedule on all six commercial television networks for the fall season beginning in September 2002. All times are Eastern and Pacific, with certain exceptions, such as \"Monday Night Football\". New series are highlighted in bold.", "title": "2002–03 United States network television schedule" }, { "id": "12546764", "text": "News, BBC World News, The Smithsonian Channel (a venture by CBS-owned Showtime Networks and the Smithsonian Institution); Sundance TV (owned by AMC Networks); numerous sports channels; The Disney Channel (owned by The Walt Disney Company); and BBC America (jointly owned by AMC Networks and BBC Studios). YouTube TV members also have access to YouTube Premium original movies and shows (although a YouTube Premium subscription is not included with YouTube TV). Also in 2017, YouTube added Major League Baseball (MLB.tv) and regional deals with the Seattle Sounders and Los Angeles FC of Major League Soccer. YouTube TV subscribers can save TV", "title": "YouTube TV" }, { "id": "2952842", "text": "9:00 am to 12:00 noon), \"The Larry Kudlow Show\" (Saturday 9:00 am to 12:00 noon), \"The Money Pit\" (Saturday 9:00 to 11:00 pm), \"Made in America\" (Sunday 4:00 to 7:00 am), \"The Twilight Zone Radio Dramas\" (Sunday 7:00 to 9:00 pm), \"Live on Sunday Night, It's Bill Cunningham\" (Sunday 9:00 pm to 12:00 midnight), \"Moneytalk\" with Bob Brinker (Sunday 3:00 to 6:00 pm), \"Viewpoints\" (Saturday 11:00 to 11:30 pm), \"Eye on Illinois\" (Saturday 11:30 pm to 12:00 midnight), \"Stateline Sports Hour\" (Saturday 7:00 to 8:00 am), \"Saturday Morning Stateline\" (Saturday 8:00 to 9:00 am) and religious programming every Sunday from", "title": "WROK (AM)" }, { "id": "7845341", "text": "April 6, 2015, Dish Network removed it from the lineup. Ovation HD is a high definition simulcast feed of Ovation, which broadcasts in the 1080i resolution format; it was launched in July 2010. Ovation HD is currently available on DirecTV, Comcast, Time Warner Cable, Bright House Networks, Verizon FiOS, and AT&T U-verse. Ovation programming is a mix of original and selectively curated television series, films, documentaries and specials, targeting a multi-generational audience. In 2013, Ovation gained national attention when it announced the exclusive US premiere of a \"A Young Doctor’s Notebook,\" a four-part scripted series starring Jon Hamm and Daniel", "title": "Ovation (U.S. TV channel)" } ]

[ "Philippines", "Singapore" ]

[ { "id": "13041638", "text": "Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form South Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia. South Asia covers about 5.2 million km (2 million mi), which is 11.71% of the Asian continent or 3.5% of the world's land surface area. The population of South Asia is about 1.891 billion or about one fourth of the world's population, making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world. Overall, it accounts", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041676", "text": "Bengal and make landfall from June to September. This list includes dependent territories within their sovereign states (including uninhabited territories), but does not include claims on Antarctica. EEZ+TIA is exclusive economic zone (EEZ) plus total internal area (TIA) which includes land and internal waters. The population of South Asia is about 1.749 billion which makes it the most populated region in the world. It is socially very mixed, consisting of many language groups and religions, and social practices in one region that are vastly different from those in another. South Asia is home to some of the most populated cities", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041639", "text": "for about 39.49% of Asia's population, over 24% of the world's population, and is home to a vast array of people. In 2010, South Asia had the world's largest population of Hindus, Jains and Sikhs. It also has the largest population of Muslims in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as over 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists. The total area of South Asia and its geographical extent is not clear cut as systemic and foreign policy orientations of its constituents are quite asymmetrical. Aside from the central region of South Asia, formerly part of the British Empire, there is", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "20259265", "text": "serve as the principal gateways to the region. With more than 441 million inhabitants, Eastern South Asia is home to 6%of the world's population and 25% of South Asia's population. The Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative promotes economic integration in the region. The four countries are members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation. Yunnan Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Myanmar are historically, economically, and culturally interdependent on Eastern South Asia. The Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Forum seeks to establish an", "title": "Eastern South Asia" }, { "id": "13041674", "text": "in the plains down below. For most part, the climate of the region is called the Monsoon climate, which keeps the region humid during summer and dry during winter, and favours the cultivation of jute, tea, rice, and various vegetables in this region. South Asia is largely divided into four broad climate zones: Maximum relative humidity of over 80% has been recorded in Khasi and Jaintia Hills and Sri Lanka, while the area adjustment to Pakistan and western India records lower than 20%–30%. Climate of South Asia is largely characterized by monsoons. South Asia depends critically on monsoon rainfall. Two", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041637", "text": "South Asia South Asia or Southern Asia, is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. The current territories of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "1179158", "text": "been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo and Lagos in Africa also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on the definition of \"urban area\" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the central city area than when suburban settlements and the intervening rural areas are included, as in", "title": "Population density" }, { "id": "390615", "text": "percent growth, followed by Thailand's SET with 21 percent and Indonesia's JKSE with 19 percent. Southeast Asia's GDP per capita is US$3,853 according to a 2015 United Nations report, which is comparable to Guatemala and Tonga. Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,500,000 km (1.7 million square miles). As of , around /1e6 round 0 million people live in the region, more than a fifth live (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with /1e6 round 0 million people, and also the 4th", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "3182399", "text": "South India South India is the area including five Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as three union territories of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Puducherry, occupying 19% of India's area (). Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges–the Western and Eastern Ghats, bordering the plateau heartland. Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra and Vaigai rivers", "title": "South India" }, { "id": "13041668", "text": "West Bengal. East Pakistan became Bangladesh in 1971. According to Saul Cohen, early colonial era strategists treated South Asia with East Asia, but in reality the South Asia region excluding Afghanistan is a distinct geopolitical region separated from other nearby geostrategic realms, one that is geographically diverse. The region is home to a variety of geographical features, such as glaciers, rainforests, valleys, deserts, and grasslands that are typical of much larger continents. It is surrounded by three water bodiesthe Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Seaand has acutely varied climate zones. The tip of the Indian Peninsula", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041671", "text": "Afghanistan, and southern Uzbekistan. Most of this region is resting on the Indian Plate, the northerly portion of the Indo-Australian Plate, separated from the rest of the Eurasian Plate. The Indian Plate includes most of South Asia, forming a land mass which extends from the Himalayas into a portion of the basin under the Indian Ocean, including parts of South China and Eastern Indonesia, as well as Kunlun and Karakoram ranges, and extending up to but not including Ladakh, Kohistan, the Hindu Kush range and Balochistan. It may be noted that geophysically the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet is situated", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041644", "text": "India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The South Asia Free Trade Agreement incorporated Afghanistan in 2011, and the World Bank grouping of countries in the region also includes all eight members comprising South Asia and SAARC as well, and the same goes for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The United Nations Statistics Division's scheme of sub-regions include all eight members of the SAARC as part of Southern Asia, along with Iran only for statistical purposes. Population Information Network (POPIN) includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka as part of South Asia. Maldives, in view of", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041684", "text": "region in the world The Major Market stock exchanges in the region are Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) with market Capitalization of $2.298 trillion (11th largest in the world), National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) with market capitalization of $2.273 trillion (12th largest in the world), Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) with market capitalization of $72 billion. Economic data is sourced from the International Monetary Fund, current as of April 2017, and is given in US dollars. According to WHO, South Asia is home to two out of the three countries in the world still affected by", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "390620", "text": "approximately 240 million adherents, or about 40% of the entire population, concentrated in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Southern Thailand and in the Southern Philippines. Indonesia is the most populous Muslim-majority country around the world. Buddhism is predominant in Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Burma and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule. No individual Southeast Asian country is religiously", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "20259286", "text": "Hill Region (Pahad) abuts the mountains and varies from in altitude with progression from subtropical climates below to alpine climates above . The Lower Himalayan Range reaching is the southern limit of this region, with subtropical river valleys and \"hills\" alternating to the north of this range. The Mountain Region (Himal), situated in the Great Himalayan Range, makes up the northern part of Nepal. It contains the highest elevations in the world, including eight of the ten highest mountains. The climate of Nepal includes subtropical, temperate, subalpine and alpine zones. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous country, with a", "title": "Eastern South Asia" }, { "id": "13041641", "text": "Asia, in addition to Afghanistan, which was a British protectorate until 1919, after the Afghans lost to the British in the Second Anglo-Afghan war. The mountain countries of Nepal and Bhutan, and the island countries of Sri Lanka and Maldives are generally included as well. Myanmar (formerly Burma) is often added, and by various deviating definitions based on often substantially different reasons, the British Indian Ocean Territory and the Tibet Autonomous Region are included as well. The common concept of South Asia is largely inherited from the administrative boundaries of the British Raj, with several exceptions. The Aden Colony, British", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "390599", "text": "region of the Papua and West Papua, which shares the island of New Guinea with Papua New Guinea. The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon. The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon season. The rain forest is the second largest on earth (with the", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "13041643", "text": "countries, started in 1985 with seven countriesBangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lankaand added Afghanistan as an eighth member in 2007. China and Myanmar have also applied for the status of full members of SAARC. This bloc of countries include two independent countries that were not part of the British Raj – Nepal, and Bhutan. Afghanistan was a British protectorate from 1878 until 1919, after the Afghans lost to the British in the Second Anglo-Afghan war. The World Factbook, based on geo-politics, people, and economy defines South Asia as comprising Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, British Indian Ocean Territory,", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041640", "text": "a high degree of variation as to which other countries are included in South Asia. Modern definitions of South Asia are consistent in including Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives as the constituent countries. Myanmar is included by some scholars in South Asia, but in Southeast Asia by others. Some do not include Afghanistan, others question whether Afghanistan should be considered a part of South Asia or the Middle East. The current territories of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, which were the core of the British Empire from 1857 to 1947, form the central region of South", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "20259284", "text": "Nagaland, and Tripura. It has land borders with China, Myanmar, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. The region is usually categorised into the Eastern Himalaya and the Brahmaputra and the Barak valley plains. Northeast India has a predominantly humid sub-tropical climate with hot, humid summers, severe monsoons, and mild winters. The region is covered by the mighty Brahmaputra–Barak river systems and their tributaries. Geographically, apart from the Brahmaputra, Barak, and Imphal valleys and some flat lands in between the hills of Meghalaya and Tripura, the remaining two-thirds of the area is hilly terrain interspersed with valleys and plains; the altitude varies from almost", "title": "Eastern South Asia" }, { "id": "390560", "text": "Southeast Asia Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of Japan and China, east of India, west of Papua New Guinea, and north of Australia. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean. The region is the only part of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere, although the majority of it is in the Northern", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "20259267", "text": "several outstanding examples of medieval and early modern Hindu temple architecture, particularly the Newa architecture of Nepal and the architecture of Bengal. Eastern South Asia is a cradle of South Asian civilization. Historical states in the region include those recorded in Indian epics such as the Mahabharata, including ancient Nepal, Vanga, and Pundra; the Greek and Roman recorded kingdom of Gangaridai; major Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms including Kalinga, Kamarupa, Samatata, the Mauryan, Gupta, Pala, and Sena Empires, the Khadga, Candra, Deva, and Tripura kingdoms, and Cooch Behar State. Major Islamic empires in the region included the Delhi and Bengal Sultanates,", "title": "Eastern South Asia" }, { "id": "390562", "text": "volcanic eruptions. Southeast Asia covers about 4.5 million km (1.7 million mi), which is 10.5% of Asia or 3% of earth's total land area. Its total population is more than floor(/1e6) million, about 8.5% of the world's population. It is the third most populous geographical region in the world after South Asia and East Asia. The region is culturally and ethnically diverse, with hundreds of languages spoken by different ethnic groups. Ten countries in the region are members of ASEAN, a regional organisation established for economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members. The region, together with part", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "360978", "text": "South Australia South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, and fifth largest by population. It has a total of 1.7 million people, and its population is the most highly centralised of any state in Australia, with more than 75 percent of South Australians living in the capital, Adelaide, or its environs. Other population centres in the state are relatively small; Mount Gambier, the", "title": "South Australia" }, { "id": "13041672", "text": "at the outside of the border of the regional structure, while the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan are situated inside that border. It was once a small continent before colliding with the Eurasian Plate about 50–55 million years ago and giving birth to the Himalayan range and the Tibetan plateau. It is the peninsular region south of the Himalayas and Kuen Lun mountain ranges and east of the Indus River and the Iranian Plateau, extending southward into the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Sea (to the southwest) and the Bay of Bengal (to the southeast). The climate of this vast region", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "190282", "text": "are the highest forms of government recognition for athletic achievement; the Dronacharya Award is awarded for excellence in coaching. Overview Etymology History Geography Biodiversity Politics Foreign relations and military Economy Demographics Culture Government General information India India (IAST: ), also known as the Republic of India (IAST: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1,200 crore (1.2 billion) people), and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on", "title": "India" }, { "id": "390616", "text": "most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also as the Hoa in Vietnam. People of Southeast Asian origins are known as Southeast Asians or Aseanites. The Aslians and Negritos were believed as one of the earliest inhabitant in the region. They are genetically related to the Papuans in Eastern Indonesia and Australian Aborigines. The next waves of human migration to Southeast Asia", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "20259285", "text": "sea level to over above mean sea level. The region's high rainfall, averaging around and above, creates problems of ecosystem, high seismic activity, and floods. The states of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim have a montane climate with cold, snowy winters and mild summers. Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country. Nepal is commonly divided into three physiographic areas: mountain, hill, and southern lowland plains (the \"Terai\"). These ecological belts run east–west and are vertically intersected by Nepal's major, north to south-flowing river system. The southern lowland plains bordering India are part of the northern rim of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The", "title": "Eastern South Asia" }, { "id": "11339989", "text": "these dates are still controversial. The South Asian prehistory is explored in the articles about Prehistoric Sri Lanka, India and Tamil Nadu Bronze Age India timeline Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activity. Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions: (1) Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as Indochina, comprising Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, and Vietnam; and (2) Maritime Southeast Asia, comprising Brunei, Malaysia,", "title": "Prehistoric Asia" }, { "id": "13041669", "text": "had the highest quality pearls. The boundaries of South Asia vary based on how the region is defined. South Asia's northern, eastern, and western boundaries vary based on definitions used, while the Indian Ocean is the southern periphery. Most of this region rests on the Indian Plate and is isolated from the rest of Asia by mountain barriers. Much of the region consists of a peninsula in south-central Asia, rather resembling a diamond which is delineated by the Himalayas on the north, the Hindu Kush in the west, and the Arakanese in the east, and which extends southward into the", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "390569", "text": "discovered in the caves of Borneo. \"Homo floresiensis\" also lived in the area up until 12,000 years ago, when they became extinct. It has been proposed that the Austronesian people, who form the majority of the modern population in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, East Timor, and the Philippines, may have migrated to Southeast Asia from Taiwan. They arrived in Indonesia around 2000 BC, and as they spread through the archipelago, they often settled along coastal areas and confined indigenous peoples such as Orang Asli of peninsular Malaysia, Negritos of the Philippines or Papuans of New Guinea to inland regions. Archaeologists refer", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "20259264", "text": "Eastern South Asia Eastern South Asia is a subregion of South Asia. It includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (specifically east India and northeast India), and Nepal. Geographically, it lies between the Eastern Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal. Two of the world's largest rivers, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, flow into the sea through Eastern South Asia. The region includes the world's highest mountainous terrain and the world's largest delta, and has a climate ranging from alpine and subalpine to subtropical and tropical. Since Nepal, Bhutan, and northeast India are landlocked, the coastlines of Bangladesh and East India", "title": "Eastern South Asia" }, { "id": "603399", "text": "the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. Tropical rainforests exist in Southeast Asia (from Myanmar (Burma)) to the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Sri Lanka; also in Sub-Saharan Africa from the Cameroon to the Congo (Congo Rainforest), South America (e.g. the Amazon rainforest), Central America (e.g. Bosawás, the southern Yucatán Peninsula-El Peten-Belize-Calakmul), Australia, and on Pacific Islands (such as Hawaii). Tropical forests have been called the \"Earth's lungs\", although it is now known that rainforests contribute little net oxygen addition to the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Tropical forests cover a large part of the", "title": "Rainforest" }, { "id": "20259283", "text": "region is bounded by Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan in the north, Bangladesh in the east, the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh on the west, and the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh in the south. It is connected to the Seven Sister States of Northeast India by the narrow Siliguri Corridor. West Bengal is on the eastern bottleneck of India, stretching from the Himalayas in the north, to the Bay of Bengal in the south. The region lies in the humid-subtropical zone. The landlocked region of Northeast India includes the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya,", "title": "Eastern South Asia" }, { "id": "361943", "text": "as Union of South American Nations, seeks to establish free movement of people, economic development, a common defense policy and the elimination of tariffs. South America has over floor(/1e6) million inhabitants and a population growth rate of about 0.6% per year. There are several areas of sparse demographics such as tropical forests, the Atacama Desert and the icy portions of Patagonia. On the other hand, the continent presents regions of high population density, such as the great urban centers. The population is formed by descendants of Europeans (mainly Spaniards, Portuguese and Italians), Africans and indigenous peoples. There is a high", "title": "South America" }, { "id": "190193", "text": "India India (IAST: ), also known as the Republic of India (IAST: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1,200 crore (1.2 billion) people), and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of", "title": "India" }, { "id": "484514", "text": "History of Southeast Asia The term \"Southeast Asia\" has been in use since World War II. The region has been further divided into two distinct sub-regions: Mainland Southeast Asia (or Indochina), which comprises the modern states of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma) and West Malaysia, and Maritime Southeast Asia (or Insular Southeast Asia), which comprises the modern states of Indonesia, East Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, East Timor, Brunei, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Christmas Island. The earliest \"Homo sapiens\" presence in Mainland Southeast Asia can be traced back to 50,000 years ago and to at least 40,000 years ago in Maritime", "title": "History of Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "13041680", "text": "but the Persian Nastaliq script is very different. English, with British spelling, is commonly used in urban areas and is a major economic lingua franca of South Asia. In 2010, South Asia had the world's largest population of Hindus, Jains and Sikhs, about 510 million Muslims, as well as over 25 million Buddhists and 35 million Christians. Hindus make up about 68 percent or about 900 million and Muslims at 31 percent or 510 million of the overall South Asia population, while Buddhists, Jains, Christians and Sikhs constitute most of the rest. The Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs and Christians are", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041685", "text": "polio, Pakistan and Afghanistan, with 306 & 28 polio cases registered in 2014 respectively. Attempts to eradicate polio have been badly hit by opposition from militants in both countries, who say the program is cover to spy on their operations. Their attacks on immunization teams have claimed 78 lives since December 2012. According to the World Bank's 2011 report, based on 2005 ICP PPP, about 24.6% of the South Asian population falls below the international poverty line of $1.25/day. Afghanistan and Bangladesh rank the highest, with 30.6% and 43.3% of their respective populations below the poverty line. Bhutan, Maldives and", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041650", "text": "Indian Subcontinent occupies the major landmass of South Asia\", while the political science professor Tatu Vanhanen states, \"the seven countries of South Asia constitute geographically a compact region around the Indian Subcontinent\". According to Chris Brewster, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan constitute the Indian subcontinent; with Afghanistan and Maldives included it is more commonly referred to as South Asia. The geopolitical boundaries of Indian subcontinent, according to Dhavendra Kumar, include \"India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and other small islands of the Indian Ocean\". Maldives, the country consisting of a small archipelago southwest of the peninsula,", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041687", "text": "Saharan Africa with dire consequences for mobility, mortality, productivity and economic growth. According to the World Bank, 70% of the South Asian population and about 75% of South Asia's poor live in rural areas and most rely on agriculture for their livelihood according to the UN's Food and Agricultural Organisation. In 2015, approximately 281 million people in the region were malnourished. The report says that Nepal reached both the WFS target as well as MDG and is moving towards bringing down the number of undernourished people to less than 5% of the population. Bangladesh reached the MDG target with the", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "17239838", "text": "Africa. Top 10 sending countries: M.- Mexico, Ch.- China, I.- India, P.- Philippines, D.R.- Dominican Republic, Cu.- Cuba, V.- Vietnam, K.- Korea (South & North), Col.- Colombia, H. - Haiti, E.S. - El Salvador, J. - Jamaica, U- Ukraine, G. - Guatemala, R.- Russian Federation, N. - Nicaragua, B.-H. - Bosnia-Herzegovina, Can. - Canada, Ir - Iraq, Pa - Pakistan Americas: East and Southeast Asia: South Asia: North Africa and West/Central Asia: Europe: Sub-Saharan Africa: Australia and Oceania: Many Southern U.S. states historically had African Americans compose 35% or more of their total population(s), with three of them (Louisiana, Mississippi,", "title": "Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States" }, { "id": "390561", "text": "Hemisphere. In contemporary definition, Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions: The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activity. The Sunda Plate is the main plate of the region, featuring almost all Southeast Asian countries except Myanmar, northern Thailand, northern Vietnam, and northern Luzon of the Philippines. The mountain ranges in Myanmar, Thailand, and peninsular Malaysia are part of the Alpide belt, while the islands of the Philippines are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Both seismic belts meet in Indonesia, causing the region to have relatively high occurrences of earthquakes and", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "2470091", "text": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation <br> The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of nations in South Asia. Its member states include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC comprises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and 3.8% (US$2.9 trillion) of the global economy, as of 2015. SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in", "title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation" }, { "id": "390606", "text": "Ampat (Indonesia) is the highest recorded on Earth. Diversity is considerably greater than any other area sampled in the Coral Triangle composed of Indonesia, Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. The Coral Triangle is the heart of the world's coral reef biodiversity, the Verde Passage is dubbed by Conservation International as the world's \"center of the center of marine shorefish biodiversity\". The whale shark, the world's largest species of fish and 6 species of sea turtles can also be found in the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean territories of the Philippines. The trees and other plants of the region", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "11957794", "text": "South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini (Swaziland); and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th-largest country in the world by land area and, with over 57 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It", "title": "South Africa" }, { "id": "11717606", "text": "subcontinent and the temperate-climate Palearctic ecozone. The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka are important biodiversity hotspots. The Indochina bioregion includes most of mainland Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia, as well as the subtropical forests of southern China. It covers the richest part of the Indomalaya ecozone, with dominant biomes of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and dry broadleaf forests. New species and even families are often found there (e.g. Laotian rock rat).It is home to about 500 native mammal species. The bird fauna is also very diverse, with some 1,300 species. Over 500 reptile and", "title": "Fauna of Asia" }, { "id": "9557389", "text": "report. The region has exahusted its land reserves, and is farming soils that are unsuitable for cultivation. Some 35% of productive land is affected by land degradation. South Asia has a population that is vulnerable to risks in terms of sudden fluctations in markets and natural shocks arising from weather. This region is also marked by high disparities in income, health and education. Says the study (p. 1): \"2004-5 was the most appalling period in the history of South Asia. The region became a neighbourhood of disasters.\" Besides recurring flood and drought, it also had to cope with the December", "title": "South Asia Disaster Report" }, { "id": "13041653", "text": "c. 3300 to 1300 BCE in present-day Northern India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, was the first major civilization in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. The earliest prehistoric culture have roots in the mesolithic sites as evidenced by the rock paintings of Bhimbetka rock shelters dating to a period of 30,000 BCE or older, as well as neolithic times. According to anthropologist Possehl, the Indus Valley Civilization provides a logical, if somewhat arbitrary, starting point for South Asian religions, but these links from the Indus religion to", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13511242", "text": "publications for which no holding library is known to create a definitive statement on publishing in the South Asian subcontinent. The four phases of the project cover different geographic regions. Phase I covers south India and Sri Lanka, with most of the works in the Dravidian languages and Sinhala. Phase II covers eastern South Asia and colonial Burma, with the works being in Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, and Austroasiatic languages of the area. Phase III covers north central South Asia, including Nepal, with most of the material being in Nepali, Marathi, Gujarati, and Hindi. Phase IV covers western South Asia, including Afghanistan,", "title": "South Asia Union Catalogue" }, { "id": "20259288", "text": "Bhutan has a significant Nepali-speaking minority. Thimphu and Phuntsholing are the largest cities. With an estimated population of 226million, East India has a multi-lingual and multi-ethnic Indo-Aryan population. Kolkata, Patna, Asansol, Durgapur, Bhubaneshwar, Siliguri and Darjeeling are among the area's largest cities. Northeast India has a population of 45million. It has a multi-ethnic Tibeto-Burman population, except in Bengali-majority Tripura. Guwahati, Agartala, Shillong, Imphal, Aizawl, and Gangtok are the major towns and cities. Hindi and English are the federal official languages of India while most states also have their own official language. Nepal has a population of 25 million, which is", "title": "Eastern South Asia" }, { "id": "361022", "text": "Australian Open, with the most recent being in 1998. The state has hosted the Tour Down Under cycle race since 1999. Food and drink Lists South Australia South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, and fifth largest by population. It has a total of 1.7 million people, and its population is the most highly centralised of any state in Australia, with more than", "title": "South Australia" }, { "id": "13041681", "text": "concentrated in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan, while the Muslims are concentrated in Afghanistan (99%), Bangladesh (90%), Pakistan (96%) and Maldives (100%). Indian religions are the religions that originated in the India; namely Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. The Indian religions are distinct yet share terminology, concepts, goals and ideas, and from South Asia spread into East Asia and southeast Asia. Early Christianity and Islam were introduced into coastal regions of South Asia by merchants who settled among the local populations. Later Sindh, Balochistan, and parts of the Punjab region saw conquest by the Arab caliphates along with an", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "390566", "text": "East Timor is an observer state. Papua New Guinea has stated that it might join ASEAN, and is currently an observer. Sovereignty issues exist over some territories in the South China Sea. Some parts of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan (a disputed region or nation), are also considered as part of Southeast Asia by some authors. Southeast Asia is geographically divided into two subregions, namely Mainland Southeast Asia (or Indochina) and Maritime Southeast Asia (or the similarly defined Malay Archipelago) (). Mainland Southeast Asia includes: Maritime Southeast Asia includes: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India are geographically", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "13041649", "text": "rest of Eurasia. The Indian subcontinent is also a geological term referring to the land mass that drifted northeastwards from ancient Gondwana, colliding with the Eurasian plate nearly 55 million years ago, towards the end of Palaeocene. This geological region largely includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The use of the term Indian subcontinent began in the British Empire, and has been a term particularly common in its successors. This region has also been labelled as \"India\" (in its classical and pre-modern sense), \"Greater India\", or as South Asia. According to anthropologist John R. Lukacs, \"the", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "15768409", "text": "Southeast Asian Massif The term Southeast Asian Massif was proposed in 1997 by anthropologist Jean Michaud to discuss the human societies inhabiting the lands above approximately in the southeastern portion of the Asian landmass, thus not merely in the uplands of conventional Mainland Southeast Asia. It concerns highlands overlapping parts of 10 countries: southwest China, Northeast India, eastern Bangladesh, and all the highlands of Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, and Taiwan. The indigenous population encompassed within these limits numbers approximately 100 million, not counting migrants from surrounding lowland majority groups who came to settle in the highlands", "title": "Southeast Asian Massif" }, { "id": "4660859", "text": "South Asian Free Trade Area The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) is an agreement reached on January 6, 2004, at the 12th SAARC summit in Islamabad, Pakistan. It created a free trade area of 1.6 billion people in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (as of 2011, the combined population is 1.8 billion people). The seven foreign ministers of the region signed a framework agreement on SAFTA to reduce customs duties of all traded goods to zero by the year 2016. The SAFTA agreement came into force on January 1, 2006, and is operational following", "title": "South Asian Free Trade Area" }, { "id": "13041690", "text": "caring practices for young children\". India and Pakistan are the dominant political powers in the region. India is by far the largest country in the area covering around three-fourths the land area of the South Asian region. India has the largest population of around three times the combined population of the 6 other countries in the region. India is also the world's largest democracy India's annual defence budget for 2013–14 is $39.2 billion which is equal to the whole Pakistan's Federal budget of $39.3 billion for 2014–15. Bangladesh is a unitary state and parliamentary democracy. Bangladesh also stands out as", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "13041645", "text": "its characteristics, was admitted as a member Pacific POPIN subregional network only in principle. The Hirschman–Herfindahl index of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific for the region includes only the original seven signatories of SAARC. The British Indian Ocean Territory is connected to the region by a publication of Jane's for security considerations. The region may also include the disputed territory of Aksai Chin, which was part of the British Indian princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, but is now administered as part of the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang. The inclusion of Myanmar", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "361891", "text": "floor(/1e6) million. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). Brazil is by far the most populous South American country, with more than half of the continent's population, followed by Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela and Peru. In recent decades Brazil has also concentrated half of the region's GDP and has become a first regional power. Most of the population lives near the continent's western or eastern coasts while the interior and the far south are sparsely populated. The geography of western South America is dominated by", "title": "South America" }, { "id": "3182457", "text": "backwater cruises. The Eastern Naval Command and Southern Naval Command of the Indian Navy are headquartered at Visakhapatnam and Kochi respectively. The Indian Navy has its major operational bases in Visakhapatnam, Chennai, Kochi, Karwar and Kavaratti in the region. South India South India is the area including five Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as three union territories of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Puducherry, occupying 19% of India's area (). Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east,", "title": "South India" }, { "id": "361952", "text": "lifestyle based on subsistence agriculture or as hunter-gatherers. There are still some uncontacted tribes residing in the Amazon Rainforest. The most populous country in South America is Brazil with /1e6 round 1 million people. The second largest country is Colombia with a population of . Argentina is the third most populous country with . While Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia maintain the largest populations, large city populations are not restricted to those nations. The largest cities in South America, by far, are São Paulo, Bogotá, and Lima. These cities are the only cities on the continent to exceed eight million, and", "title": "South America" }, { "id": "390600", "text": "Amazon being the largest). An exception to this type of climate and vegetation is the mountain areas in the northern region, where high altitudes lead to milder temperatures and drier landscape. Other parts fall out of this climate because they are desert like. Climate change will have a big effect on agriculture in Southeast Asia such as irrigation systems will be affected by changes in rainfall and runoff, and subsequently, water quality and supply. The vast majority of Southeast Asia falls within the warm, humid tropics, and its climate generally can be characterised as monsoonal. The animals of Southeast Asia", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "6440215", "text": "(approx. 7%). Its highest frequency can be found in south western Balochistan province along the Makran coast (28%) to Indus River delta. L3a (PK3) is found in approximately 23% of Nuristani in northwest Pakistan. The clade is present in moderate distribution among the general Pakistani population (approx. 11.6%). In South Asia, R1a1 has been observed often with high frequency in a number of demographic groups, as well as with highest STR diversity which lead some to see it as the locus of origin. While R1a originated ca. 22,000 to 25,000 years ago, its subclade M417 (R1a1a1) diversified ca. 5,800 years", "title": "Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia" }, { "id": "4660866", "text": "Now it's 1036, said joint secretary at Ministry of Commerce and Supplies. The Maldives has 681 for all seven SAFTA nations. Pakistan had 1,169 in its sensitive list but has cut its sensitive list by 20% to 936. Sri Lanka has 1,042 and Afghanistan has 1,072 items on the negative list. South Asian Free Trade Area The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) is an agreement reached on January 6, 2004, at the 12th SAARC summit in Islamabad, Pakistan. It created a free trade area of 1.6 billion people in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka", "title": "South Asian Free Trade Area" }, { "id": "12590897", "text": "A Historical Atlas of South Asia A Historical Atlas of South Asia is a definitive historical chronology of the region of South Asia from prehistoric times through the present. It was edited and largely authored by Joseph E. Schwartzberg, professor emeritus of South Asian Studies at the University of Minnesota. Although much of the coverage in the atlas is principally focused on India and Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh are included and to some extent Myanmar (Burma). It is highly regarded by scholars of South Asian history for its vast amount of detail and coverage of the region's lengthy and complex", "title": "A Historical Atlas of South Asia" }, { "id": "13041683", "text": "BRICS from the region. It is the fastest growing major economy in the world and one of the world's fastest registering a growth of 7.3% in FY 2014–15. Pakistan has the next largest economy($304.3 billion) and the 5th highest GDP per capita in the region, followed by Bangladesh and then by Sri Lanka which has the 2nd highest per capita and is the 4th largest economy in the region. According to a World Bank report in 2015, driven by a strong expansion in India, coupled with favorable oil prices, from the last quarter of 2014 South Asia become the fastest-growing", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "6727611", "text": "rates are observed in East Africa (37.5%). All other Sub-Saharan sub-regions also have high rates, with 32.1% in West Africa, 31.2% in Central Africa, and 28.4% in Southern Africa. North Africa is at 18%, and the Middle East at 16.2%. In Asia, the highest rate is observed in South Asia at 34.4%. South-East Asia is at 26.3%. Pacific Islands also display a high rate at 38.2%. Central and South America are respectively at 15.6 and 9.9%. South Asia, given its very high population at over 1 billion and high prevalence rate of stunting, is the region currently hosting the highest", "title": "Stunted growth" }, { "id": "6523518", "text": "neighboring lands, before increasing in 1990 to , and is the largest national park in South Asia. The park lies within the Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe ecoregion, and contains pine forests, alpine shrublands and meadows, and alpine tundra. The park is home to a viable breeding population of about 200 snow leopards, especially in the Rumbak catchment area. The prey base for the apex predator in the Central Asian Highlands is primarily supported in Hemis by Argali (Great Tibetan Sheep), Bharal (Blue Sheep), Shapu (Ladakhi Urial), and livestock. A small population of the Asiatic ibex is also present in", "title": "Hemis National Park" }, { "id": "15422613", "text": "The monsoon is the primary bearer of fresh water to the area. The peninsular/Deccan rivers of India are mostly rain-fed and non-perennial in nature, depending primarily on the monsoon for water supply. Most of the coastal rivers of Western India are also rain-fed and monsoon-dependent. As such, the flora, fauna, and entire ecosystems of these areas rely heavily on the monsoon. Monsoon of South Asia The monsoon of South Asia is among several geographically distributed global monsoons. It affects the Indian subcontinent, where it is one of the oldest and most anticipated weather phenomena and an economically important pattern every", "title": "Monsoon of South Asia" }, { "id": "13041673", "text": "varies considerably from area to area from tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in the north. The variety is influenced by not only the altitude, but also by factors such as proximity to the sea coast and the seasonal impact of the monsoons. Southern parts are mostly hot in summers and receive rain during monsoon periods. The northern belt of Indo-Gangetic plains also is hot in summer, but cooler in winter. The mountainous north is colder and receives snowfall at higher altitudes of Himalayan ranges. As the Himalayas block the north-Asian bitter cold winds, the temperatures are considerably moderate", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "390619", "text": "city is a multicultural melting pot with Malays, Indians and Eurasian also called the island their home. The Chams forming a significant minority in Central and South Vietnam, also in Central Cambodia. While the Khmers are the majority in Cambodia, and forming a significant minority in Southern Vietnam and Thailand. The Hmong people are the minority in Vietnam, China and Laos. Within the Philippines, the Visayan (mainly Cebuanos and Hiligaynons), Tagalog, Ilocano, Bicolano and Central Luzon (mainly Kapampangan and Pangasinan) groups are significant. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. By population, Islam is the most practised faith, numbering", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "16095107", "text": "Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of). Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste. Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands,", "title": "WHO regions" }, { "id": "12774467", "text": "counting India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives as the constituent countries – the Indian subcontinent covers about 4.4 million km (1.7 million sq mi), which is 10% of the Asian continent or 3.3% of the world's land surface area. Overall, it accounts for about 45% of Asia's population (or over 25% of the world's population) and is home to a vast array of peoples. The Indian subcontinent is a natural physical landmass in South Asia, geologically the dry-land portion of the Indian Plate, which has been relatively isolated from the rest of Eurasia. Given the difficulty of", "title": "Indian subcontinent" }, { "id": "20259287", "text": "population of more than 160million. Bengalis are the largest ethnic group, with Bengali Muslim a majority, followed by Bengali Hindus, Bengali Buddhists, and Bengali Christians. The country has a significant Urdu-speaking minority and numerous minority indigenous ethnic groups. The Bengali language is the official language. Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, and Rajshahi are among the country's largest cities and towns. Bangladesh's life expectancy is ranked third in South Asia. Bhutan has the second-smallest population in South Asia after the Maldives. Bhutan's three main ethnic groups are the Ngalop, Sharchop, and Lhotshampa. The state religion is Buddhism. The official language is Dzongkha.", "title": "Eastern South Asia" }, { "id": "361896", "text": "high biodiversity, containing a major proportion of the Earth's species. Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone. Traditionally, South America also includes some of the nearby islands. Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Trinidad, Tobago, and the federal dependencies of Venezuela sit on the northerly South American continental shelf and are often considered part of the continent. Geo-politically, the island states and overseas territories of the Caribbean are generally grouped as a part", "title": "South America" }, { "id": "390611", "text": "that share common family and cultural ties. The origins of Chinese influence can be traced to the 16th century, when Chinese migrants from southern China settled in Indonesia, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries. Chinese populations in the region saw a rapid increase following the Communist Revolution in 1949, which forced many refugees to emigrate outside of China. The region's economy greatly depends on agriculture; rice and rubber have long been prominent exports. Manufacturing and services are becoming more important. An emerging market, Indonesia is the largest economy in this region. Newly industrialised countries include Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "7392988", "text": "have ethnic and linguistic ties with the region: National demographics: South Asian ethnic groups The ethno-linguistic composition of the population of South Asia, that is the nations of India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka is highly diverse. The majority of the population fall within two large linguistic groups, Indo-Aryan and Dravidian. Indian society is traditionally divided into castes or clans, not ethnicities, and these categories have had no official status since independence in 1947, except for the scheduled castes and tribes which remain registered for the purpose of affirmative action. In today's India, the population is", "title": "South Asian ethnic groups" }, { "id": "13041652", "text": "is no globally accepted definition on which countries are a part of South Asia or Indian subcontinent. While Afghanistan is not considered as a part of the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan is often included in South Asia. Similarly, Myanmar is included by some scholars in South Asia but not in Indian subcontinent. The history of core South Asia begins with evidence of human activity of \"Homo sapiens,\" as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including \"Homo erectus\" from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization, which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of South Asia from", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "7589019", "text": "and normative example (called the Sunnah and composed of hadith) of Muhammad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God. South Asia and Southeast Asia are home of the most populous Muslim countries, with Indonesia, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh having more than 100 million adherents each. According to U.S. government figures, in 2006 there were 20 million Muslims in China. In the Western Asia, the non-Arab countries of Iran and Turkey are the largest Muslim-majority countries. In South Asia, Pakistan and Bangladesh are the countries with the largest Muslim-majority. In Central Asia, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan are the countries", "title": "Religion in Asia" }, { "id": "13041670", "text": "Indian Ocean with the Arabian Sea to the southwest and the Bay of Bengal to the southeast. According to Robert M. Cutler – a scholar of Political Science at Carleton University, the terms South Asia, Southwest Asia and Central Asia are distinct, but the confusion and disagreements have arisen due to the geopolitical movement to enlarge these regions into Greater South Asia, Greater Southwest Asia and Greater Central Asia. The frontier of Greater South Asia, states Cutler, between 2001–2006 has been geopolitically extended to eastern Iran and western Afghanistan in the west, and in the north to northeastern Iran, northern", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "484522", "text": "ago and even older isolated finds date back to 1.8 million years ago. Java Man (\"Homo erectus erectus\") and \"Homo floresiensis\" attest for a sustained regional presence and isolation, long enough for notable diversification of the species' specifics. Ocean drops of up to below the present level during Pleistocene glacial periods revealed the vast lowlands known as Sundaland, enabling hunter-gatherer populations to freely access insular Southeast Asia via extensive terrestrial corridors. Modern human presence in the Niah cave on East Malaysia dates back to 40,000 years BP, although archaeological documentation of the early settlement period suggests only brief occupation phases.", "title": "History of Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "390598", "text": "can be found in northern Burma sharing the same range of its parent peak, Mount Everest. The South China Sea is the major body of water within Southeast Asia. The Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, and Singapore, have integral rivers that flow into the South China Sea. Mayon Volcano, despite being dangerously active, holds the record of the world's most perfect cone which is built from past and continuous eruption. Southeast Asia is bounded to the southeast by the Australian continent, a boundary which runs through Indonesia. But a cultural touch point lies between Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "3671588", "text": "number of people the increase was highest in India (350 million) and China (196 million). Population growth was among highest in the United Arab Emirates (315%) and Qatar (271%). Many of the world's countries, including many in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, South Asia and South East Asia, have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the Cold War. The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc. in some of the less fortunate countries. For example, the population of Chad has ultimately grown from", "title": "Population growth" }, { "id": "484527", "text": "and pushed indigenous people of Indonesia, the Philippines or New Guinea to the interior regions. Territorial principalities in both Insular and Mainland Southeast Asia, characterised as \"Agrarian kingdoms\" had by around 500 BCE developed an economy based on surplus crop cultivation and moderate coastal trade of domestic natural products. Several states of the Malayan-Indonesian \"thalassian\" zone shared these characteristics with Indochinese polities like the Pyu city-states in the Irrawaddy river valley, Van Lang in the Red River delta and Funan around the lower Mekong. Văn Lang, founded in the 7th century BCE endured until 258 BCE under the rule of", "title": "History of Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "363543", "text": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands known as the South Sandwich Islands. South Georgia is long and wide and is by far the largest island in the territory. The South Sandwich Islands lie about southeast of South Georgia. The territory's total land area is . The Falkland Islands are about north-west from its nearest point. No permanent native population lives in the", "title": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" }, { "id": "363583", "text": "of biodiversity. In a recent study (2009–2011), South Georgia has been discovered to contain one of the highest levels of biodiversity among all the ecosystems on Earth. In respect to species, marine inhabitants endemic to this ecosystem outnumber and (in respect to biodiversity) surpass well-known regions such as the Galápagos or Ecuador. The marine ecosystem is thought to be vulnerable because its low temperatures mean that it can repair itself only very slowly. On 23 February 2012, to protect marine biodiversity, the territory's government created the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Areacomprising . After the Falklands", "title": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" }, { "id": "634137", "text": "South East England South East England is the most populous of the nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It consists of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex. As with the other regions of England, apart from Greater London, the south east has no elected government. It is the third largest region of England, with an area of 19,096 km (7,373 sq mi), and is also the most populous with a total population of over eight and a half million (2011). The headquarters of", "title": "South East England" }, { "id": "13041648", "text": "in an older two-year survey across Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. However, modern definitions of South Asia are very consistent in including Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives as the constituent countries. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term \"subcontinent\" signifies a \"subdivision of a continent which has a distinct geographical, political, or cultural identity\" and also a \"large land mass somewhat smaller than a continent\". Historians Catherine Asher and Cynthia Talbot state that the term \"Indian subcontinent\" describes a natural physical landmass in South Asia that has been relatively isolated from the", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "15001879", "text": "Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia Listed here are notable groups and populations from South Asia by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with linguistic designations (IE=Indo-European, Dr=Dravidian, AA=Austro-Asiatic and ST=Sino-Tibetan), the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. R1a and H1 are the two most widespread genetic haplotype in South Asia, covering a large majority of population. \"Note\": The converted frequencies from some old studies conducted in the first decade of the 21st century may lead to unsubstantial", "title": "Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia" }, { "id": "13041642", "text": "Somaliland and Singapore, though administered at various times under the Raj, have not been proposed as any part of South Asia. Additionally Burma was administered as part of the Raj until 1937, but is now considered a part of Southeast Asia and is a member state of ASEAN. The 562 princely states that were protected by but not directly ruled by the Raj became administrative parts of South Asia upon joining Union of India or Dominion of Pakistan. Geopolitically, it had formed the whole territory of Greater India, The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), a contiguous block of", "title": "South Asia" }, { "id": "390618", "text": "dominated by the Javanese and Sundanese ethnic groups, with hundreds of ethnic minorities inhabited the archipelago, including Madurese, Minangkabau, Bugis, Balinese, Dayak, Batak and Malays. While Malaysia is split between more than half Malays and one-quarter Chinese, and also Indian minority in the West Malaysia however Dayaks is the most majority in Sarawak and Kadazan-dusun is the most majority in Sabah which are in the East Malaysia. The Malays are the majority in West Malaysia and Brunei, while they forming a significant minority in Indonesia, Southern Thailand, East Malaysia and Singapore. In city-state Singapore, Chinese are the majority, yet the", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "879738", "text": "swamp and river system in southern Iraq, traditionally inhabited in part by the Marsh Arabs. In Asia, tropical peat swamps are located in mainland East Asia and Southeast Asia. In Southeast Asia, peatlands are mainly found in low altitude coastal and sub-coastal areas and extend inland for distance more than along river valleys and across watersheds. They are mostly to be found on the coasts of East Sumatra, Kalimantan (Central, East, South and West Kalimantan provinces), West Papua, Papua New Guinea, Brunei, Peninsular Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, Southeast Thailand, and the Philippines (Riley \"et al.\",1996). Indonesia has the largest area of", "title": "Swamp" }, { "id": "390568", "text": "Philippines. The eastern half of Indonesia and East Timor (east of the Wallace Line) are considered to be biogeographically part of Oceania (Wallacea) due to its distinctive faunal features. New Guinea and its surrounding islands are geologically considered as a part of Australian continent, connected via the Sahul Shelf. The region was already inhabited by Homo erectus from 1,000,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene age. \"Homo sapiens\" reached the region by around 45,000 years ago, having moved eastwards from the Indian subcontinent. Rock art (parietal art) dating from 40,000 years ago (which is currently the world's oldest) has been", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "245394", "text": "homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants as of 2015 were: El Salvador 109, Honduras 64, Venezuela 57, Jamaica 43, Belize 34.4, St. Kitts and Nevis 34, Guatemala 34, Trinidad & Tobago 31, the Bahamas 30, Brazil 26.7, Colombia 26.5, the Dominican Republic 22, St. Lucia 22, Guyana 19, Mexico 16, Puerto Rico 16, Ecuador 13, Grenada 13, Costa Rica 12, Bolivia 12, Nicaragua 12, Panama 11, Antigua and Barbuda 11, and Haiti 10. Most of the top countries with the highest homicide rates are in Africa and Latin America. Countries in Central America, like El Salvador and Honduras, top", "title": "Latin America" }, { "id": "3182420", "text": "mangroves. It is home to Endangered aquatic species including dolphins, dugongs, whales and sea cucumbers. The region is home to one of the largest populations of endangered Indian elephant and Bengal Tiger in India. Elephant populations are found in eight fragmented sites in South India; in northern Karnataka, along the Western Ghats, in Bhadra–Malnad, in Brahmagiri–Nilgiris–Eastern Ghats, in Nilambur–Silent Valley–Coimbatore, in Anamalai–Parambikulam, in Periyar–Srivilliputhur and Agasthyamalai The region is home to one-third of the tiger population and more than half of the elephant population of India. There are 14 Project Tiger reserves and 11 Project Elephant reserves in the region.", "title": "South India" }, { "id": "3182400", "text": "are important non-perennial sources of water. Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Trivandrum, Coimbatore Visakhapatnam, Madurai and Kochi are the largest urban areas. The majority of the people in South India speak one of the four major Dravidian languages: Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam. During its history, a number of dynastic kingdoms ruled over parts of South India whose invasions across southern and southeastern Asia impacted the history and culture in those regions. Major dynasties that were established in South India include the Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas, Pallavas, Satavahanas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Vijayanagara. Europeans entered India through Kerala and the region was colonised by", "title": "South India" }, { "id": "484525", "text": "the first verified ritual burials in Southeast Asia. The earliest \"Homo sapiens\" immigrants, loosely identified as \"Australo-Melanesians\", \"Aboriginal\", \"Negritos\" and \"Hill Tribes\" are associated with the occupation of caves, rock shelters and isolated upland regions in Vietnam, Thailand and the Philippines or on remote islands, such as the Andaman Islands and although displaced from the coasts and plains they are present in all regions for at least 30,000 years. Subsequent Neolithic immigration waves are intensely debated considered dynamic and complex, and research has resorted to linguistic terms and argumentation for group identification and classification. The Austroasiatic migration wave centred around", "title": "History of Southeast Asia" }, { "id": "18942893", "text": "are of South Asian origin, therefore South Asia contains the largest population of Muslims in the world. Within this region, however, Muslims are second in numbers to Hindus, as Muslims are a majority in Pakistan and Bangladesh, but not India. The various Hamito-Semitic (including Arab, Berber), Turkic, and Iranic countries of the greater Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region, where Islam is the dominant religion in all countries other than Israel, hosts 23% of world Muslims. The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast Asia, which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims. Together,", "title": "Islam by country" }, { "id": "278372", "text": "Geography of Myanmar Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. Total Land Border Length: Total Land Area: Border Countries: Bangladesh: , India:, China: , Laos: , Thailand: Total coastline length: Total water area: Tropical monsoon in the lowlands below ; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers", "title": "Geography of Myanmar" } ]

[ "Dr APJ Abdul Kalam" ]

[ { "id": "10149938", "text": "orders of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, who was infamous for his religious oppression. Canadian writer and activist of Pakistani origin, Tarek Fatah, suggested renaming Aurangzeb Road to \"Dara Shikoh road\", after Dara Shikoh, the brother of Aurangzeb, who was executed by the latter. \"Aurangzeb road\" was renamed to \"Dr APJ Adbul Kalam Road\" by NDMC on request of Maheish Girri (BJP Member of the India Parliament for East Delhi) on 29 August 2015. \"\"As a tribute to the People's President, I propose to rename the 'Aurangzeb Road' in New Delhi to 'Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road'. In my opinion, this", "title": "Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road" }, { "id": "10149937", "text": "Max Healthcare's Analjit Singh. A single junction is formed at the crossing of Tughlaq road, land on this road is worth 500 Crore (roughly $80 million) per acre. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam road was earlier called \"Aurangzeb road\", named so by the British after the controversial Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb. In November 2014, Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee petitioned the Prime Minister of India to change the name of Aurangzeb road after Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh guru, as a tribute to him on his martyrdom anniversary observed on 24 November. Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed in Delhi on the", "title": "Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road" }, { "id": "14104719", "text": "the \"ashaba\", . Jala Rao, or Mahomed Islam Khan, a freebooter whom Shah Nasir converted, built the \"Khas bhag\", and on his death which happened in a religious war, Nasir Alla became possessed of the \"shish\" or mud fort. Nasir Alla died in the 8th century Hijri, and was buried on the Aurangabad road, not far from the \"shish.\" Shah Latif Shah Latif Kadari, one of the seven patron saints of Jalna, was a learned man of Delhi, who accompanied Burhanu-d din to the Dakhan, and separated from him at Pirbohra. He opened two \"maktabs\" or schools near the Jama", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "13552799", "text": "Aurangabad Cantonment Aurangabad Cantonment (Chawni), is a cantonment town in Aurangabad district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The Aurangabad City was founded in 1610 by Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of Murtuza Nizam Shah II, on the site of a village called Khadki. In 1653, Prince Aurangzeb son of Shahjahan, the Emperor of Delhi was appointed Viceroy of Deccan. Aurangzeb became emperor in 1658. From 1681 till his death in 1707, he was in the Deccan. Most of his time in the south was spent in Aurangabad. Along with Aurangzeb many RAJPUT Princes came from the north as his", "title": "Aurangabad Cantonment" }, { "id": "14153986", "text": "Salim Ali Lake Salim Ali Sarovar (lake) ( Marathi - पक्षीमित्र सलीम आली सरोवर ) is located near Delhi Gate, opposite Himayat Bagh, Aurangabad. It is located in the northern part of the city. During the Mughal period it was known as Khiziri Talab. It has been renamed after the great ornithologist, naturalist Salim Ali and also known as birdman of India. The office of Divisional Commissioner Aurangabad division is located near it, so is the collector's office of Aurangabad District. In Aurangzeb's time, a large marsh or tank extended the whole length of the northern wall, (extending from present", "title": "Salim Ali Lake" }, { "id": "621373", "text": "New Delhi New Delhi () is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of the Government of India. The foundation stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin. Although colloquially \"Delhi\" and \"New Delhi\" are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), these are two distinct", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "id": "16849344", "text": "average business at the Indian box office. The story is set in the town of Gurgaon, an industrial city near NCT Delhi. The film is presented from the view of ACP Arya Phogat (Prithviraj Sukumaran). ACP Arya, a police officer, has been brought up by his uncle, DCP Ravikant Phogat (Rishi Kapoor). His father, police inspector Vijaykant Phogat (Anupam Kher), had lost interest in life years back, after messing up an operation to kill Yashvardhan Singh (Jackie Shroff), due to lack of evidence against him. Yashvardhan's wife, Veera (Tanvi Azmi), had become a police informer against her own husband and", "title": "Aurangzeb (film)" }, { "id": "13552808", "text": "also seeking membership. This golf course was laid by the British and finds mention in the old revenue maps of Aurangabad Cantonment. The golf course was realigned and relaid in 1985. Since then this course has been improved further. Aurangabad Cantonment Aurangabad Cantonment (Chawni), is a cantonment town in Aurangabad district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The Aurangabad City was founded in 1610 by Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of Murtuza Nizam Shah II, on the site of a village called Khadki. In 1653, Prince Aurangzeb son of Shahjahan, the Emperor of Delhi was appointed Viceroy of Deccan. Aurangzeb", "title": "Aurangabad Cantonment" }, { "id": "14104716", "text": "descendant, is sealed by Amjad 'Ali Khan Fiawar, an employee of Shah 'Alam Badshah Ghazi. Shah Latif Tawizi came to Paithan and was invested with spiritual power by Maulana Muizzu-d din. His tomb on the bank of the Godavari, opposite to Maulana Sahib's darga, is without a dome. Dawal Shah Wali Dawal Shah Wali or Abdul Malik Latif is said to have been the groom of 'Ali. After the death of his master, Dawal Shah Wali travelled about; and monuments were erected to his memory in the different places which he visited. In this manner, there are about 360 \"chillas\"", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "14153990", "text": "the time being and declare it as a biodiversity hot spot for conservation. Salim Ali Lake Salim Ali Sarovar (lake) ( Marathi - पक्षीमित्र सलीम आली सरोवर ) is located near Delhi Gate, opposite Himayat Bagh, Aurangabad. It is located in the northern part of the city. During the Mughal period it was known as Khiziri Talab. It has been renamed after the great ornithologist, naturalist Salim Ali and also known as birdman of India. The office of Divisional Commissioner Aurangabad division is located near it, so is the collector's office of Aurangabad District. In Aurangzeb's time, a large marsh", "title": "Salim Ali Lake" }, { "id": "10149939", "text": "will be a great way of preserving his memories and legacy forever,\"\" wrote Maheish Girri for changing the name of the Road. The Renaming of \"Aurangzeb road\" to \"Dr APJ Adbul Kalam Road\" also got criticism from various sections of historians and politicians, such as Sharad Yadav of Janata Dal (United), Bahujan Samaj Party president Mayawati, Tariq Anwar of Nationalist Congress Party and Asaduddin Owaisi of AIMIM. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road (formerly known as Aurangzeb road) is a road in New Delhi's Lutyen's bungalow zone in Delhi, India. It lies at the north-east end,", "title": "Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road" }, { "id": "17830157", "text": "Ghalib Academy, New Delhi Ghalib Academy () is an educational and cultural institution of national importance in India. It was founded in 1969 by Hakeem Abdul Hameed and inaugurated by former president of India Dr. Zakir Hussain in Nizamuddin West area, Delhi. The Academy has been established in the memory of the 19th century Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib. The Academy is situated in the vicinity of the tomb of the 13th century Sufi saint Hazrat Khwaja Nizamuddin. The Academy consist of a museum in memory of the poet, a research library, an art gallery, an auditorium and a computerised calligraphy", "title": "Ghalib Academy, New Delhi" }, { "id": "17830152", "text": "Ghalib Academy, New Delhi Ghalib Academy () is an educational and cultural institution of national importance in India. It was founded in 1969 by Hakeem Abdul Hameed and inaugurated by former president of India Dr. Zakir Hussain in Nizamuddin West area, Delhi. The Academy has been established in the memory of the 19th century Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib. The Academy is situated in the vicinity of the tomb of the 13th century Sufi saint Hazrat Khwaja Nizamuddin. The Academy consist of a museum in memory of the poet, a research library, an art gallery, an auditorium and a computerised calligraphy", "title": "Ghalib Academy, New Delhi" }, { "id": "6229472", "text": "Lodi Road Lodi Road (Hindi: लोधी मार्ग, Urdu: لودھی مارگ) in New Delhi, India, is named after the Lodi Gardens located on it. Two Mughal mausoleums, Humayun's Tomb and Safdarjung's Tomb, lie at the eastern and western ends of the road respectively. A number of cultural, educational, and international institutions line the road. The Jor Bagh metro station lies under Aurobindo Marg near its intersection with Lodhi Road. Also located near it are Lodi colony and Lodi Estate built during British Raj in 1940s, and Lodhi Road Institutional Area. The road follows a 14th-century dirt track connecting Ghiyathpur (now Nizamuddin)", "title": "Lodi Road" }, { "id": "26917", "text": "at the age of 89, having outlived many of his children. His modest open-air grave in Khuldabad expresses his deep devotion to his Islamic beliefs. It is sited in the courtyard of the shrine of the Sufi saint Shaikh Burhan-u'd-din Gharib, who was a disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi. Many Indian historians consider his death year 1707 as the one which marks the end of Medieval Indian history and the start of Modern Indian history when classifying Indian history. This is because of the start of decline of the Mughal empire and the start of domination of European powers", "title": "Aurangzeb" }, { "id": "26919", "text": "monetary costs even on his own empire – consolidated and launched effective invasions of Mughal territory, seizing power from the weak emperor. Within decades of Aurangzeb's death, the Mughal Emperor had little power beyond the walls of Delhi. Aurangzeb's religious zeal exacted a heavy price both to himself and his nation. Will Durant states: During British rule of India, a road in Delhi was named Aurangzeb road. In November 2014, it was renamed to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road. His critics argue that his ruthless and vindictive religious bigotry made him unsuitable to rule the mixed population of his empire", "title": "Aurangzeb" }, { "id": "12442092", "text": "Empire. Aurangazeb the most intolerant of the Moghul lineage was ruling at Inpdraprastham(delhi). Dara was an exceptional one in the Mughuls. He was tolerant enough to seek what the other religions had to say and encouraged discussions among the religions. He dealt with respect the scholars of Hindu religion. He is said to have translated some of the Upanishads into Persian language. For a long time before, successive Muslim invaders ruined the holy city of Kasi and demolished the abode of Lord Vishwanath. At this point of time there was a critical urge to keep alive the spirituality of the", "title": "Kumaragurupara Desikar" }, { "id": "14104776", "text": "close by are the tombs of Pir Murshad Chatan Shah and of two others. \"Dewana nawab or the mad nawab was an athlete who had charge of the great doors of the Delhi darwaza. His tomb is near the Aiwaz-Khan-ki-baradari.\" Aplatun Khan came with Aurangzeb. He broke the tusk of a wild elephant that was set on him, and dashed it against the \"Hathi darwaza\". Shah Kuds Shah was a very strong man of Jalna, and a large boulder which he lifted is shown within the Nagar darwaza. This stone is chunamed every year, and is held in great reverence.", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "3179680", "text": "over the poor maintenance of the tomb. On 16 November 2005 the Delhi High Court ordered that the tomb of Maulana Azad in New Delhi be renovated and restored as a major national monument. Azad's tomb is a major landmark and receives large numbers of visitors annually. Jawaharlal Nehru referred to him as \"Mir-i- Karawan\" (the caravan leader), \"a very brave and gallant gentleman, a finished product of the culture that, in these days, pertains to few\". Mahatma Gandhi remarked about Azad by counting him as \"a person of the calibre of Plato, Aristotle and Pythagorus\". Azad was portrayed by", "title": "Abul Kalam Azad" }, { "id": "14104728", "text": "Mardan uddin Daulatabad Chishti Order contains some of the most famous saints of the Dakhan. Syed Shah Muntajabuddin Zar Zari Zar Baqsh Shah Muntajab ud din, surnamed Zar Zari Zar Baksh, meaning \"generous\", was one of the earliest of the Chishtias, and was sent to the Dakhan by Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi, in the beginning of the 8th century Hijri. He was accompanied by 700 disciples, and is said to have converted a Hindu princess near a well at Roza. The place is called \"Sohan baoli\" or \"pleasing well\", and the princess is buried close to the saint. The tomb", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "17036173", "text": "harem. On 28 September 1661, she gave birth to Aurangzeb's youngest daughter, Mihr-un-nissa Begum. She was the ninth child of her father, but the only child of her mother. In March 1680, Yalangtosh Khan Bahadur was sent to bring Aurangabadi, and Princess Zeb-un-nissa Begum from Delhi to Ajmer. Both of them reached there in May, and were welcomed by Prince Muhammad Azam Shah Mirza, who conducted them to the imperial harem. However, in February 1681, when Prince Muhammad Akbar Mirza had initiated a rebellion against his father, Aurangzeb, Aurangabadi was sent back to Delhi. She was accompanied by Akbar's wife", "title": "Aurangabadi Mahal" }, { "id": "16849354", "text": "them either.\" In the final scene we see Arya leaving Veera's home once he makes sure that Ajay is re-united with his family. \"Aurangzeb\" is \"about hunger for power and survival of the fittest.\" According to Arjun Kapoor, the film's title is a reference to the Mughal emperor of the same name, a tyrant who \"went to great extents to obtain power\". The response of critics and audience was positive. Meena Iyer of \"The Times of India\" gave the film 3.5/5 stars. Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com gave the film 3/5 stars, saying performances of Prithviraj Sukumaran, Rishi Kapoor and Arjun", "title": "Aurangzeb (film)" }, { "id": "621416", "text": "project was spearheaded by Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan, the managing director of DMRC and popularly known as the \"Metro Man\" of India. He famously resigned from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro bridge collapse which took five lives. Sreedharan was awarded with the prestigious Legion of Honour by the French Government for his contribution to Delhi Metro. Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th-century British architect Edwin Lutyens, was laid out to be the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial ambitions. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "id": "7447618", "text": "Khuldabad Khuldabad also known as Khultabad () is a city (municipal council) and a Taluka of Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Initially it was known as \"Rauzaa\" as meaning garden of paradise. It is known as the Valley of Saints, or the Abode of Eternity, because in the 14th century, several Sufi saints chose to reside here. The Bhadra Maroti and Dargah of Zar Zari Zar Baksh, Shaikh Burhan ud-din Gharib Chisti and Shaikh Zain-ud-din Shirazi, along with the tomb of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his trusted General Asif Jah I, the first Nizam of Hyderabad,", "title": "Khuldabad" }, { "id": "14104720", "text": "Masjid at Jalna, and his tomb lies close by. Students offer sugar on the threshold of the tomb, in the hope of improving their memories. Luta Ali Shah There is a mosque, reservoir, and tomb at Wakla in the Baijapur taluka, to Luta 'Ali Shah of the Kadari order, who arrived in the Dakhan about 400 years ago. Saiad Rahman Saiad Rahman or Saiad Rafi came with Aurangzeb, and settled at Jalna. The Malis or gardeners give an annual feast called \"kundun\" at his tomb in Anandi's garden beyond the 'Ambad darwaza. Taj ud din Tajud din and Saifud din", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "17036175", "text": "The plague was the cause of deaths of a number of people, and one of its victims was Aurangabadi Mahal. After her death, Saqi Must'ad Khan, the author of the \"Ma'asir-i-Alamgiri\" described her as 'the Emperor's parastar, the old and devoted hand-maid.' When Zeb-un-nissa Begum heard of her illness, she was deeply grieved for she had always been nice to everybody. Her death removed the last rival of Aurangzeb's youngest and most beloved cocubine, Udaipuri Mahal, the mother of Prince Kam Bakhsh. Aurangabadi Mahal Aurangabadi Mahal (; meaning \"The prosperity of the throne\"; died 1688) was a secondary wife of", "title": "Aurangabadi Mahal" }, { "id": "18666955", "text": "great grand father emperor Akbar ruled 50 years. The tomb is located in the village of Khuldabad, in the district of Aurangabad, from Aurangabad city. It is located in the south-eastern corner of the complex of the dargah of Sheikh Zainuddin. Aurangzeb died in 1707 at Ahmednagar. His body was then carried to Khuldabad after his son Azam Shah and daughter Zinat-un-Nissa came. There is a platform over the tomb made of red stone, less than three yards in length. There is also a \"cavity\" in the middle which measures a \"few fingers\". The tomb has been covered with soil", "title": "Tomb of Aurangzeb" }, { "id": "13259231", "text": "had 36 (thirty–six) slim columns (pillars), which is three times 12. In North India many cities have Barakhambas, like the one in Delhi. The Hazrat Nasiruddin tomb in Delhi is also said to be a 12 pillared square chamber. Barakhamba Road is one of the premier roads of Delhi that connects Mandi House circle, near Sahitya Akademi and Doordarshan Kendra (Television Centre), with Connaught Place, New Delhi also called Rajeev Gandhi Chowk. On both sides of the road many commercial complexes and several other landmarks are located. Some of the notable landmark buildings are the National Museum of Natural History,", "title": "Barakhamba" }, { "id": "6086186", "text": "BCE). The ancient rulers of the town included Bimbisara (late 5th century BCE), Ajatashatru (early 4th century BCE), Chandragupta Maurya (321 - 298 BCE) and Ashoka (268 - 232 BCE). During the rule of Sher Shah Suri (1486 - 1545 CE), Aurangabad became strategically important as part of the Rohtas Sirkar (district). After the death of Sher Shah Suri Aurangabad fell under the rule of Akbar. The Afghan upsurge in the area was suppressed by Todar Mal. Some elements of Afghan architecture remain. After the downfall of the Mughal Empire, Aurangabad was ruled by the zamindars. the wealthy land owners,", "title": "Aurangabad, Bihar" }, { "id": "6262489", "text": "Rahim was amongst the most important ministers in Akbar's court. He was one of the Navratnas and continued to serve Salim after his accession to the throne as Emperor Jahangir. The tomb sits prominently along the Mathura Road, formerly the Mughal Grand Trunk Road, and is in close proximity to the Dargah of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Humayun's Tomb in South Delhi. Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana Khanzada Mirza Khan Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Khana (17 December 1556 – 1627) (Urdu: ), also known as baba Rahim was a poet who lived during the rule of Mughal emperor Akbar. He was one of the", "title": "Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana" }, { "id": "9561511", "text": "Kingsway Camp Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar (GTB Nagar), since 1970, is a historic area located in North Delhi, near Civil Lines and Delhi University. It starts from Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar (GTB) intersection, and has residential areas like Hudson Lines and Outram Lines. Neighboring localities include Dhaka Village, Mukherjee Nagar and Hakikat Nagar. The foundation of the new capital of British India, New Delhi, was laid at Coronation Park by King George V in December, 1911, making this area historically significant. Originally named after Kingsway, an avenue which was built as a precursor to the construction of residence of the", "title": "Kingsway Camp" }, { "id": "14104725", "text": "Saiad Shah Azim Badshah, tutor to the Nizam. Syed Shahnoor Mohammed Hamvi Jeelani Qadri (Shahnoor miya) Shahnoor miya was the 9th grandson of Bade Peer Sarkar. He came from Baghdad and lived for some time at Burhanpur and then at Ahmadnagar. He visited Aurangabad after Aurangzeb's arrival, and initiated nawab Diyanut Khan, the emperor's minister, into the Kadaria order. He died in H. 1104, and was buried outside the Paithan gate of the city of Aurangabad. Shahoor miya's tomb was built by Diyanat Khan Sahab. His age was 350 years. He is left with only one descendant in Barely Syed", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "18477703", "text": "in the same vat of riotous emotions. Delhi has always held the mantle of being the capital of Hindustan. While it may have functionally shifted around the area a few times on the necessities and vanities of its many rulers, there is only one instance of India's capital having shifted over a full 1000 km south to the city of Daulatabad near present-day Aurangabad. This outrageous, much berated decision of Muhammad Tughlaq has created a legacy and an Ekaant that never fails to take your breath away. The incredible Gol Gumbaz is the calling card of the town of Bijapur", "title": "Ekaant" }, { "id": "11181428", "text": "Naraina Naraina is a village in the New Delhi of in India. The word Naraina is formed by combining two words: Nar (means 'Narayan' in Hindi) and Aana (means 'to arrive' in Hindi). It is believed that Lord Vishnu visited this palace. Naraina village is situated in south west Delhi, and mainly tanwar caste live here.. Kul Devta of Naraina is Baba Bagh Wala. The Tanwars ruled Delhi from 736 to 1192, their first emperor being Anangpal Dev Tanwar (736-754). Initially Anagpur was the Tanwar capital, but Anangpal Dev Tanwar the Second (1051–1081) relocated it to Dhillikapuri near Yoginipur and", "title": "Naraina" }, { "id": "14104721", "text": "of Baghdad, the descendants of 'Abdul Kadar Jilani, proceeded to Mecca, and then came to India, where they separated. Tajud din arrived at Aurangabad in H. 1070, and on his way, converted a band of robbers 14 miles north of the city, some of whom settled down on the spot and founded a village called Tajnanur. He subsequently became a recluse, and retired into a cave on Chaman Tekri, to the east of Daulatabad, where he was accidentally discovered by Aurangzeb when out hunting. The saint was taken out in a very emaciated state, and was attended by the emperor's", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "14321293", "text": "Urdu in Aurangabad Aurangabad is one of the historical cities of the Deccan, India. It is well known for its literary and cultural traditions. As this city was the stronghold of the Mughals, a number of civil and military officers, men of letters, citizens, etc., from Delhi came here with the result that Aurangabad was so much influenced by the North Indian culture that it was considered to be the Delhi of the Deccan. Thus, till 1763, Aurangabad was the seat of Government and the capital of the Deccan. Afterwards when Hyderabad was made the capital, poets, literary men and", "title": "Urdu in Aurangabad" }, { "id": "17632697", "text": "Sansad Marg Sansad Marg (; ) is a street located in New Delhi, India. The road leads to Parliament House or Sansad, hence the name. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the one end of Sansad Marg, which runs perpendicular to the Rajpath in Lutyens' Delhi and ends at Connaught Place Circle. Other notable buildings on Sansad Marg include, Jantar Mantar, Palika Kendra National Philatelic Museum, Reserve Bank of India, Akashvani Bhawan (All India Radio), Dak Bhawan (Department of Posts), Sardar Patel Bhawan (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation), Yojana Bhawan (Planning Commission of India), Press", "title": "Sansad Marg" }, { "id": "19915936", "text": "and new, ancient and modern, Delhi is a melting pot of cultures and religions. Old Delhi has been the capital of numerous empires that ruled India, making it rich in history. New Delhi, on the other hand, is a modern city designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker. The different rulers left behind their trademark architectural styles. Delhi currently has many renowned historic monuments and landmarks such as the Tughlaqabad fort, Qutub Minar, Purana Quila, Lodhi Gardens, Jama Masjid, Humayun's tomb, Red Fort, and Safdarjung's Tomb. Modern monuments include Jantar Mantar, India Gate, Rashtrapati Bhavan, Laxminarayan Temple, Lotus temple, Lal", "title": "Tourism in India by state" }, { "id": "7697412", "text": "Agra and Lahore. In the mid-16th century there was an interruption in the Mughal rule of India as Sher Shah Suri defeated Babur's son Humayun and forced him to flee to Persia. Sher Shah Suri built the sixth city of Delhi, as well as the old fort known as Purana Qila, even though this city was settled since the ancient era. After Sher Shah Suri’s death in 1545, his son Islam Shah took the reins of north India from Delhi. Islam Shah ruled from Delhi till 1553 when Hindu king Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called Hemu, became the Prime Minister", "title": "History of Delhi" }, { "id": "6255511", "text": "Kamla Nagar, New Delhi Kamla Nagar is a residential and commercial neighbourhood in North Delhi, India. It is one of Delhi's major shopping centres. Kamla Nagar is named after Kamala Nehru, a freedom fighter and wife of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister. The neighbourhood rose to prominence after the erection of Ram Swarup Clock Tower on the Grand Trunk Road in 1941, and the construction of Jaipuria and Birla textile mills. It was also a stop on the erstwhile Delhi Tram Service. In the 1950s, it was developed as an affluent residential area. Kamla Nagar, and its adjoining neighbourhoods,", "title": "Kamla Nagar, New Delhi" }, { "id": "14104756", "text": "an inscription, Nahir Khan built the 'Ambad darwaza with a bastion on each side, and a well and masjid for his spiritual director Shah Miran. There is another mosque close by, which was built by Sultan Mohammed, son of Malik 'Abdulla Beg, faujdar of Jalna. Nirgun shah Wali Nirgun Shah Wali came from Bengal, and lived as a recluse at Nidhara, two miles north of Jalna. His principle was, \"retirement from the eyes of the world, and cessation from seeking the honor and respect of any one.\" When Aurangzeb was at Jalna, he is said to have visited Nirgun Shah", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "2762820", "text": "Janpath Janpath (meaning People's Path, formerly known as Queensway), is one of the main roads in New Delhi. It starts out as Radial Road 1 in Connaught Place, adjacent to Palika Bazaar, and runs North-South perpendicular to, and past Rajpath (the \"Rulers' path\"). Originally called Queen's Way, it was an important part of Lutyens' design of the Lutyens' Delhi, upon the inauguration of new capital of India in 1931. Janpath Market is one of the most famous markets for tourists (both Indian and foreign) in New Delhi. The market essentially is a long line of boutique stores selling products which", "title": "Janpath" }, { "id": "11897524", "text": "Joseph Allen Stein Joseph Stein, (10 April 1912 – 6 October 2001) was an American architect and a major figure in the establishment of a regional modern architecture in the San Francisco Bay area in the 1940s and 1950s during the early days of the environmental design movement. In 1952 he moved to India. He is noted for designing several important buildings in India, most notably in Lodhi Estate in Central Delhi, nicknamed \"Steinabad\" after him, and where today the 'Joseph Stein Lane', is the only road in Delhi named after an architect. The Government of India awarded him the", "title": "Joseph Allen Stein" }, { "id": "6356920", "text": "Tughlaqabad Fort Tughlaqabad Fort is a ruined fort in Delhi, built by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, the founder of Tughlaq dynasty, of the Delhi Sultanate of India in 1321, as he established the third historic city of Delhi, which was later abandoned in 1327. It lends its name to the nearby Tughlaqabad residential-commercial area as well as the Tughlaqabad Institutional Area. Tughlaq also built Qutub-Badarpur Road, which connected the new city to the Grand Trunk Road. The road is now known as Mehrauli-Badarpur Road. Also nearby is the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary, Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range and Okhla Industrial Area. Ghazi", "title": "Tughlaqabad Fort" }, { "id": "13661010", "text": "A fortified wall was thrown round the suburb of Begampura in 1696 A. D. Shortly after the death of Aurangzeb, the city of Aurangabad slipped from the hands of the Moghals. In 1720, Nizam-ul-Mulk Asif Jah, a distinguished General of Aurangzeb with the intention of founding his own dynasty in the Deccan, arrived at Aurangabad. He paid a visit to Delhi in 1723, but returned in 1724 , defying the orders of Emperor Muhammad Shah. Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah II transferred his capital from Aurangabad to Hyderabad in 1763. The Emperor ordered Mubariz Khan, the Subhedar of the Deccan", "title": "History of Aurangabad, Maharashtra" }, { "id": "14104779", "text": "marriage bangles. Ehl-ul-Huk Hakkam Sahib accompanied Aurangzeb, and probably belonged to the \"Ehl-ul-Huk\" or People of Truth. His tomb is at Goraigaon in the Baijapur taluk. Kourgaon, an ancient village in the Baijapur taluk, has a tomb to Said Sahib under a \"bar\" tree (ficus indica). Bhikan Shah Wali accompanied Burhan ud din, and his tomb is under an old tree at Loni Khurd on the Nandgaon road. He came with his mother and his horse; and the latter is buried close to his master. The tomb is called \"Ghora-Pir-ki-kabar\", and the Kunbis make offerings to it when their cattle", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "13661005", "text": "History of Aurangabad, Maharashtra The history of Aurangabad, a city in Maharashtra, India, dates to 1610, when it was founded by Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of Murtaza Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar, on the site of a village called Kharki. In 1653 when Prince Aurangzeb was appointed the viceroy of the Deccan for the second time, he made Fatehnagar his capital and called it Aurangabad. Aurangabad is sometimes referred to as Khujista Bunyad by the Chroniclers of Aurangzeb's reign. Malik Ambar made it his capital and the men of his army raised their dwellings around it. Within a decade, Kharki", "title": "History of Aurangabad, Maharashtra" }, { "id": "26864", "text": "local rulers. With Shuja and Murad disposed of, and with his father immured in Agra, Aurangzeb pursued Dara Shikoh, chasing him across the north-western bounds of the empire. Aurangzeb claimed that Dara was no longer a Muslim and accused him of poisoning the Mughal Grand Vizier Saadullah Khan. After a series of battles, defeats and retreats, Dara was betrayed by one of his generals, who arrested and bound him. In 1658, Aurangzeb arranged his formal coronation in Delhi. On 10 August 1659, Dara was executed on grounds of apostasy and his head was sent to Shahjahan. Having secured his position,", "title": "Aurangzeb" }, { "id": "14154402", "text": "Himayat Baugh Aurangabad Himayat Bagh is a 17th-century garden that now houses the Fruit Research Station and Nursery, which is a part of the Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth,Parbhani(Maharashtra). It is located near Delhi Gate in Rauza Bagh area of Aurangabad. It is a sprawling complex spread over , naturally green and in the olden days it was known as the Mughal Garden. In Aurangzeb's time, Khizri Talao extended the whole length of the northern wall, (extending from present day Salim Ali Lake till Begumpura / Makbara) but the exhalation and dampness proved unhealthy and Aurangzeb ordered the portion immediately", "title": "Himayat Baugh Aurangabad" }, { "id": "621405", "text": "days later. Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the shape of large square platform with black marble was designed by architect Vanu Bhuta. Jantar Mantar located in Connaught Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of", "title": "New Delhi" }, { "id": "12970273", "text": "time. Bhadkal Gate is a building in Aurangabad City, India. This gate is the biggest gate of city. It was built by Ahmadnagar's, Murtaza Nizamshah's Vazir Malik Ambar. It was built in memory of victory against Mughal in 1612. It is also known as victory gate. Bhadkal Gate has unique architectural style. It is India's first column structural Building. The largest and the most stately, it was built by Aurangzeb. It is situated to the north of the city facing Delhi. It is similar to Lahore gate of Delhi’s Lal Quila (Red Fort). The gate is smaller in size and", "title": "Gates in Aurangabad, Maharashtra" }, { "id": "11181429", "text": "Mahipalpur. The last Brahmin emperor, Tejpal Dev tanwar Diveetiy (1192-1192), was overthrown by Qutubudin Aibak in 1192..Baba Bagh Wala temple is situated within the premises of Govt.Boys High Sec. School now adjacent to the Naraina Village. Naraina Naraina is a village in the New Delhi of in India. The word Naraina is formed by combining two words: Nar (means 'Narayan' in Hindi) and Aana (means 'to arrive' in Hindi). It is believed that Lord Vishnu visited this palace. Naraina village is situated in south west Delhi, and mainly tanwar caste live here.. Kul Devta of Naraina is Baba Bagh Wala.", "title": "Naraina" }, { "id": "2857937", "text": "name of Khadki to Fatehnagar. With the capture of Daulatabad by the imperial troops in 1633, the Nizam Shahi dominions, including Fatehnagar, came under the possession of the Moghals. In 1653 when Mughal prince Aurangzeb was appointed the viceroy of the Deccan for the second time, he made Fatehnagar his capital and renamed it Aurangabad. Aurangabad is sometimes referred to as Khujista Bunyad by the Chroniclers of Aurangzeb's reign. In 1724, Asif Jah, a Turkic general and Nizam al-Mulk of the Mughals in the Deccan region, decided to secede from the crumbling Mughal Empire, with the intention of founding his", "title": "Aurangabad, Maharashtra" }, { "id": "7392721", "text": "Rahul Khanna Rahul Khanna (born 20 June 1972) is an Indian actor. He is the son of late actor Vinod Khanna. Khanna was born and raised in Mumbai. His father was Bollywood star & politician, Vinod Khanna, his mother is ex-model Gitanjali Taleyarkhan, and his younger brother is Bollywood actor, Akshaye Khanna. Khanna studied at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute and the School of Visual Arts in New York City. He made his feature film debut in Deepa Mehta's \"1947 Earth\" (1999), alongside Aamir Khan. His performance earned him several awards including the Filmfare Best Male Debut Award. He has", "title": "Rahul Khanna" }, { "id": "18020517", "text": "Zar Zari Zar Baksh Zar Zari Zar Baksh, or Shah Muntajab ud din, was one of the earliest Sufis of the Chishti Order, the most dominant of all the Sufi orders in the Indian subcontinent. He was sent to the Deccan by Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi in the beginning of the 8th century Hijri (14th century AD). With 700 disciples, Zar Zari Zar Baksh came to Aurangabad, and is said to have converted a Hindu princess near a well at Khuldabad. The place is now called the \"\"Sohan baoli\"\" or \"pleasing well\", and the princess is buried close to the", "title": "Zar Zari Zar Baksh" }, { "id": "18074", "text": "Film Festivals, including the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 Asian Film Awards. In June 2000, he became the first living Asian to have been modeled in wax at London's Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. Another statue was installed in New York in 2009, Hong Kong in 2011, Bangkok in 2011, Washington, DC in 2012, and Delhi, in 2017. In 2003, he was conferred with the Honorary Citizenship of the French town of Deauville. The Government of India awarded him with the Padma Shri in 1984, the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2015. The then-President of Afghanistan", "title": "Amitabh Bachchan" }, { "id": "14104706", "text": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad Aurangabad furnished a genial soil for the spread of Islam, and was the centre of great missionary movements in the 8th century of the Hijri. The district is home to the earliest of Sufi saints of the Deccan. The town of Khuldabad contains the shrines of the most famous saints of the Dakhan. Initially it was known as Rauza meaning \"garden of paradise\". It is known as the Valley of Saints, or the Abode of Eternity, because in the 14th century, several Sufi saints chose to reside here. The tomb of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "17036174", "text": "Salima Banu Begum, daughter of Prince Sulaiman Shikoh Mirza. In March 1686, before Aurangzeb's march to capture the fort of Bijapur, Khan Jahan Bahadur was sent to Burhanpur to bring Aurangabadi. An emareld smarani was made over to him for her. She reached Aurangzeb's camp at Sholapur, from Delhi in May 1686, and was welcomed at the door of the fort near the deorhi by Prince Muhammad Kam Bakhsh Mirza. She followed Aurangzeb to Bijapur, and remained there after its conquest in September 1686. In November 1688, Aurangabadi was still living in Bijapur, when plague spread out in the city.", "title": "Aurangabadi Mahal" }, { "id": "17809171", "text": "built using traditional material including lakhori bricks and lime mortar. Located near Chawri Bazar metro station and Delhi Junction railway station it is open to all, with free entry and no photography charges, from 11 am till 6 pm on all days except Monday. Ghalib ki Haveli Ghalib ki Haveli ( \"lit.\" \"Ghalib's Mansion\") was the residence of the 19th century Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib and is now a heritage site located in the Gali Qasim Jan, Ballimaran, Old Delhi and reflects the period when the Mughal era was on the decline in India. Transliteration (ALA-LC): \"\"Ug rahā hai dar", "title": "Ghalib ki Haveli" }, { "id": "18666957", "text": "on a marble plate located in one of the corners of the tomb. The dargah also houses the tomb of the first Nizam, Asaf Jah I, his son Nasir Jung, and those of Aurangzeb's son Azam Shah and his wife. In her poem, \"The Tomb of Aurangzebe\", Letitia Elizabeth Landon may have been confused by the illustration she was given, as in it she justifies the construction of mighty tombs! Unless she was intending irony, there was a gap in her vast store of knowledge here. Tomb of Aurangzeb The Tomb of Aurangzeb, the last of the great Mughal emperors,", "title": "Tomb of Aurangzeb" }, { "id": "6262488", "text": "द्वात्रिंशद्योगावली). His tomb is situated in Nizamuddin East on the Mathura road near Humayun's Tomb in New Delhi. It was built by him for his wife in 1598, and his body was placed in it in 1627. In 1753-4, marble and sandstone from this tomb was used in the construction of Safdarjung's Tomb, also in New Delhi. New Delhi, Nov 4, 2014 (IANS) InterGlobe Foundation and the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) Tuesday announced they would collaborate to conserve and restore Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan's tomb in the capital. Popularly known as Rahim and immortalised through his dohas's or couplets,", "title": "Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana" }, { "id": "6269740", "text": "E. Sreedharan Elattuvalapil Sreedharan is an Indian civil engineer and a retired IES (IRSE) officer popularly known as the \"Metro Man\". He is credited for changing the face of public transport in India with his leadership in building the Konkan Railway and the Delhi Metro while he served as the managing director of Delhi Metro between 1995 and 2012. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2001, the Padma Vibhushan in 2008, the Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in 2005 by the French government and was named one of Asia's Heroes by TIME magazine in", "title": "E. Sreedharan" }, { "id": "13552800", "text": "allies. Such princes were called ‘Rajas’. These Rajas settled around Aurangabad in small camps called ‘Puras’. One of these was Rao Karansingh, the king of Bikaner (Rajasthan). He supported Aurangzeb in the Battle of Samugarh (1658) to annex the throne. Impressed by his act, Aurangzeb granted him three villages. He named them as Karanpura, Padampura & Kesrsingpura. After the decline of the Mughal Empire in the early eighteenth century, Aurangabad was ruled by Subedars of Mughals. One of them, Kamruddin Chin-Kulich Khan, famously known as Nizam Ul Mulk formed his own kingdom. He shifted his capital from Aurangabad to Hyderabad.", "title": "Aurangabad Cantonment" }, { "id": "8739181", "text": "remade in Hindi as \"Gabbar Is Back\" (2015) starring Akshay Kumar as well. Murugadoss won the Filmfare Award for Best Director for his 2014 Tamil action-drama film \"Kaththi\". Murugadoss was born in Kallakurichii, Tamil Nadu. The initials \"AR\" refer to his father's name Arunasalam and were added after Murugadoss signed his first film, \"Dheena\", in 2001. Murugadoss currently resides in Virugambakkam, Chennai. Murugadoss had his schooling at the Government Higher Secondary School and studied BA in Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirapalli. His brother, Dileepan made his acting debut with Vathikuchi, which is Murugadoss' production venture. During his college days, Murugadoss was", "title": "AR Murugadoss" }, { "id": "26916", "text": "mosque known as the Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) in the Red Fort complex in Delhi. However, his constant warfare, especially with the Marathas, drove his empire to the brink of bankruptcy just as much as the wasteful personal spending and opulence of his predecessors. The Indologist Stanley Wolpert, emeritus professor at UCLA, says that: Even when ill and dying, Aurangzeb made sure that the populace knew he was still alive, for if they had thought otherwise then the turmoil of another war of succession was likely. He died at his military camp in Bhingar near Ahmednagar on 20 February 1707", "title": "Aurangzeb" }, { "id": "14104723", "text": "at Chaman Tekri where he obtained news of Tijud din, and soon afterwards joined the latter at the Bharkal gate in the city. On the ensuing \"Urus\" of 'Abdul Kadar Jilani, Ruknud din, under the title of Mir Mahomed Shaikh Soliman, was appointed successor to his father. Tijud din had an aversion to music and singing, and earned his livelihood by carpet-weaving. He died in H. 1110, and his darga stands near the Bharkal gate of the city. Syed Qadar Auliya Syed Qadar Auliya is among the descendents of Huzoor Syed Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani baghdadi. His tomb lies in", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "5369993", "text": "also famous for its street food. Chandni Chowk and Chawri Bazaar areas have many street joints that sell spicy chaat (tangy and spicy snacks). Old Delhi has certain identifiable landmarks of food. These include: Pandit Gaya Prasad shifted from Agra to Delhi in 1876, in search of a better life. In Delhi, he set up a single shop business selling hot paranthas. The product gained popularity to an extent where he was required the aid of his family members for help in the production. Eventually, the lane in which the original shop was came to house 16 of them. It", "title": "Old Delhi" }, { "id": "14104786", "text": "man who came from Bidar to Ranjani in the 8th century Hijri. A mosque beyond Ranjani was built by his wife Ayisha Bi, and near it is the darga of Latif Shah Aulia. Gudar Shah Wali arrived in Aurangzeb's time, he erected a mosque. A mound called \"Islam tekri\" at 'Ambad contains an old Mahomedan building known as \"Fatehay Islam\" or the \"conquest of Islam\". A piece of land at the foot of the tekri is appropriated as a \"waqf\" in support of the mosque. Nur Shah Wili's tomb is outside the Shahgarh darwaza. He made lanterns, which the inhabitants", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "13738387", "text": "this shift, the new city of New Delhi was established and the sixth city of Shahajahanabad to its north became the Old Delhi. Based on the designs of Edwin Lutyens, New Delhi was built over 20 years. One of the important landmarks built during this period was the India Gate. Built in 1921, it is officially known as All India War Memorial (an arch) to the Indian soldiers killed in the World War I, the Northwest frontier operations of the same time and the 1919 Afghan fiasco. The gate has an impressive stone arch of height; the names of over", "title": "Gates of Delhi" }, { "id": "6086188", "text": "was the first district magistrate and Surjit Kumar Saha was the sub-divisional officer. Aurangabad town is located in north east India on the NH 2 now NH19 (Grand Trunk Road) at its crossing with NH98 now NH139. Its nearest large town is Gaya to the east. The capital of Bihar, Patna is to the north east. The area of the town is . Aurangabad rests on alluvial plain on the bank of Adri river. The larger son river is to the west. Other rivers such as the Punpun, Auranga, Bataane, Morhar, and Madaar flow through Aurangabad district. Aurangabad has an", "title": "Aurangabad, Bihar" }, { "id": "4812738", "text": "Additional monuments from this period are associated with women from Aurangzeb's imperial family. The construction of the elegant Zinat al-Masjid in Daryaganj was overseen by Aurangzeb's second daughter Zinat-al-Nissa. Aurangzeb's sister Roshan-Ara who died in 1671. The tomb of Roshanara Begum and the garden surrounding it were neglected for a long time and are now in an advanced state of decay. Bibi Ka Maqbara was a mausoleum built by Prince Azam Shah, son of Emperor Aurangzeb, in the late 17th century as a loving tribute to his mother, Dilras Bano Begam in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. The Alamgiri Gate, built in 1673,", "title": "Mughal architecture" }, { "id": "7195168", "text": "British India was officially moved to New Delhi, but the majority of the financial and political institutions in the area remained. During the first half of the 20th century, the Indian Independence Movement began to reach its peak and took a violent turn in Bengal. On the eighth of December 1930, three revolutionaries, Benoy, Badal, and Dinesh, stormed the building and fatally shot the Inspector General of Prisons, N.S. Simpson. The three committed suicide and the square was renamed B.B.D. Bagh in their honor after Indian independence. In 1947, the political establishments were officially handed over to the government of", "title": "B. B. D. Bagh" }, { "id": "9191181", "text": "\"adda\" (stray gossipping), \"jatra\" shows and the brass band playing \"He is a jolly good fellow\" to enliven wedding receptions. A part of Lower Chitpur Road rivalled the Chandni Chowk of Delhi before construction of Nakhoda Mosque in 1926. The last vestiges of Nawabi style were found along Chitpur Road. It was on this road that Raja Rammohun Roy built his Brahmo Sabha, which later became Adi Brahmo Samaj. The road was renamed Rabindra Sarani, after its most famous resident, Rabindranath Tagore. It is Kolkata’s museum with communities and social groups from various parts of country and beyond finding a", "title": "Chitpur" }, { "id": "15191847", "text": "of the fastest growing cities in the world. The city was founded in 1610 by Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of Murtaza. Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar on the site of a village called Khadki. He made it his capital and the men of his army raised their dwellings around it. Within a decade Khadki grew into a populous and imposing city. Malik Ambar died in 1626. He was succeeded by his son Fateh Khan who changed the name of Khadki to Fatehnagar. With the capture of Daulatabad in 1633, the Nizam Shahi dominions, including Fatehnagar, came under the possession of", "title": "Tourist attractions in Aurangabad, Maharashtra" }, { "id": "11117244", "text": "for National Integration, an award granted annually by the Indian National Congress party. Rajagopal P. V. Rajagopal P. V., a Gandhian activist, is a former Vice Chairman of the Gandhi Peace Foundation, New Delhi. and the president and founding member of Ekta Parishad, Rajagopal was born in 1948, the fourth of five children, in Thillenkery, a village in Kerala, south India. His full name is Rajagopal Puthan Veetil, but he now chooses to use only his first name in public in order to avoid any caste-related stereotyping that might be associated with his full name. Rajagopal's father was an activist", "title": "Rajagopal P. V." }, { "id": "2857936", "text": "Aurangabad, Maharashtra Aurangabad () is a city in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state in India.The city is a tourism hub, surrounded by many historical monuments, including the Ajanta Caves and Ellora Caves, which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as Bibi Ka Maqbara and Panchakki. Khadki was the original name of the village which was made a capital city by Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of Murtaza Nizam, Shah of Ahmadnagar. Within a decade, Khadki grew into a populous and imposing city. Malik Ambar died in 1626. He was succeeded by his son Fateh Khan, who changed the", "title": "Aurangabad, Maharashtra" }, { "id": "6609103", "text": "Baghdad to Mir Qasim al-Baghdadi, who eventually took him to south-central India. He was described by the Dutch merchant Pieter van den Broecke as, \"a black kafir from Abyssinia with a stern Roman face.\" Malik Ambar was the regent of the Nizamshahi dynasty of Ahmednagar from 1607 to 1626. I During this period he increased the strength and power of Murtaza Nizam Shah and raised a large army. He changed the capital from Paranda to Junnar and founded a new city, Khadki which was later on changed to Aurangabad by the Emperor Aurangzeb when he invaded Deccan around 1658 to", "title": "Malik Ambar" }, { "id": "10149872", "text": "Shahjahan Road Shahjahan Road (Hindi: शाहजहाँ मार्ग / रोड) is an important road of central New Delhi, India. It stretches from the India Gate junction on the north side and to the Taj Mansingh Hotel at the junction of Mansingh Road, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road, Humayun Road, Prithviraj Road and a road to Khan Market on the south. Also lined up on the Shahjahan Road are government houses for High Court Judges, Ministers and senior officials & bureaucrats in the Government of India. It is named after the Mughal Emperor of India, Shah Jahan.ᾴ It houses the famous UPSC", "title": "Shahjahan Road" }, { "id": "18671548", "text": "in Shaad Ali's Indian crime drama film \"Kill Dil\". In the television circuit, Jass featured as Happy in \"Rab Se Sona Ishq\" and played the character Bakshish in \"Firangi Bahu\". Jass was born on 29 June 1988 in Ludhiana, Punjab, to businessman Gurpal Bhatia and Pinky Bhatia. His elder brother Gagan Bhatia is a commercial pilot with Indigo Airlines. Bhatia's family moved to Delhi in 1991. He studied at Guru Nanak Public School. Bhatia comes from a non-film background and is the first one in his family to be a part of Bollywood. Bhatia uses his grandmother's first name \"Jass\"", "title": "Jass Bhatia" }, { "id": "8149137", "text": "Filmfare Awards and three Nandi Awards for best choreography. In 2015, after the death of former Indian president A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Lawrence set up a charity trust in his name and donated 1 crore to it. Lawrence had brain tumor when he was a child and rarely went to school. He became an ardent devotee of the deity, Raghavendra Swamy and added god's name to his name and reverted to Hinduism. He built the Raghavendra Swamy Brindavanam Temple at Thirumullaivayal on the Avadi-Ambattur route, which opened from 1 January 2010. He was working as a car cleaner for", "title": "Raghava Lawrence" }, { "id": "11272017", "text": "in Delhi in 1957. Her grandfather was Yusuf Dehlvi and father is Yunus Dehlvi who lived in Shama Ghar on Sardar Patel Road, in New Delhi where she was born. The one-time cultural hub of Delhi, today it houses Bahujan Samaj Party headquarters, (since 2002). Her surname 'Dehlvi\" (Dehlavi) means someone from Delhi reflecting her family's long association with this old city. For over thirty years Dehlvi has engaged in voicing concern on issues regarding heritage, culture, women and Muslim communities. She lives with her teenage son in New Delhi. In April 2009 Dehlvi published a book on Sufism entitled", "title": "Sadia Dehlvi" }, { "id": "16849343", "text": "Aurangzeb (film) Aurangzeb is an Indian action thriller film written and directed by Atul Sabharwal. The film stars Jackie Shroff, Rishi Kapoor, Amrita Singh, Arjun Kapoor in the lead role, along with Prithviraj Sukumaran, Sashaa Agha, Swara Bhaskar in pivotal roles, while Sikander Kher and Kavi Shastri play supporting characters. The film is produced and distributed by Aditya Chopra under his studio Yash Raj Films. The theatrical trailer was unveiled on 3 April 2013, and the film released on 17 May 2013. The film received mixed reviews from critics and audiences, it managed to do well in overseas but did", "title": "Aurangzeb (film)" }, { "id": "485489", "text": "given in 1927, and the new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931. New Delhi, also known as \"Lutyens' Delhi\", was officially declared as the capital of the Union of India after the country gained independence on 15 August 1947. During the partition of India, thousands of Hindu and Sikh refugees, mainly from West Punjab fled to Delhi, while many Muslim residents of the city migrated to Pakistan. Migration to Delhi from the rest of India continues (), contributing more to the rise of Delhi's population than the birth rate, which is declining. The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 and the", "title": "Delhi" }, { "id": "14104792", "text": "for travellers, within the precincts of the darga. Moiz ud din Moizu-d din the Bhandari came with the band of missionaries that accompanied Mantajabu-d din; and his duty was to take charge of the stores and distribute cooked provisions to the different members. He was also surnamed \"Nanpash\", or the bread-giver. After the party arrived at Roza, Moizu-d din and five others left for Gangapurbarri, the present Gangapur. A gosain was practising austerities in a \"mat\", from which he retired before the newcomers; and the Nanpash and his party dismantled the building and erected a mosque on the site. Gangapurbarri", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "12120721", "text": "main compound. The building was constructed by Khan Bahadur Taj Muhammad Khan OBE MLC of Badrashi Village, Nowshera. He was a famous colonial-era contractor and landlord whose father KB Abdul Hamid Khan had been in the service of the British Empire as well. Therefore, all the bricks used in construction of this building are marked with the word KB (Khan Bahadur). He was a wealthy man and was particularly fond of racehorses. He used to travel extensively in India and had built several grand mansions for his own comfort. The present National Defence College building in New Delhi, India was", "title": "Taj building, Nowshera" }, { "id": "14104740", "text": "Hijri.\" Farid ud din Maulana Farid ud din the Adib was one of the leading disciples of Burhdn ud din and died 17 days before his preceptor. His tomb lies to the west of that of Muntajab ud din. Haji Husain Haji Husain was born at Shiraz, and was a merchant. His son Zain ud din started for Mecca en route to India; and haji and his brother came to Delhi in search of Zain ud din. They then left for Daulatabad where they settled down and died, and were buried to the north-east of Roza. In former days, religious", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "5370000", "text": "Old Delhi Old Delhi or Purani Dilli was founded as a walled city of Delhi, India, founded as Shahjahanabad in 1639, when Shah Jahan, the Mughal emperor at the time, decided to shift the Mughal capital from Agra. The construction of the city was completed in 1648, and it remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until its fall in 1857, when the British Raj took over a paramount power in India. It was once filled with mansions of nobles and members of the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens. Today, despite having become extremely crowded and dilapidated,", "title": "Old Delhi" }, { "id": "5369980", "text": "Old Delhi Old Delhi or Purani Dilli was founded as a walled city of Delhi, India, founded as Shahjahanabad in 1639, when Shah Jahan, the Mughal emperor at the time, decided to shift the Mughal capital from Agra. The construction of the city was completed in 1648, and it remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until its fall in 1857, when the British Raj took over a paramount power in India. It was once filled with mansions of nobles and members of the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens. Today, despite having become extremely crowded and dilapidated,", "title": "Old Delhi" }, { "id": "14104739", "text": "Fawad.\" His \"Lataif-al-Ashrafi\" is full of jokes; and his writings were eulogized by Jami the Persian poet, by Shaikh Faizi, and by others. He left for Daulatabad on the transfer of the capital from Delhi, and died in H. 737. His tomb is outside of Roza, and is surrounded by a wall, but has no dome over it. Students offer sugar on the threshold of the tomb on Thursdays, to improve their memories. A mosque and \"tekkieh are attached to the tomb; and close by is the grave of the poet Mir Gholam Ali Azad Bilgrami of the 12th century", "title": "Sufi saints of Aurangabad" }, { "id": "7618037", "text": "was at his writing desk until fifteen days before he died – of carcinoma and a brief illness – at the Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre in New Delhi, India on 24 July 2004. He was 84 and is survived by his wife and five children. Azad was born on 5 December 1920 in the small town of Isa Khel in Mianwali District, Punjab. The District became part of Pakistan after the partition of India in 1947. He inherited his love of Urdu literature from his father, Tilok Chand Mehroom – was the close companion of syed Hashim", "title": "Jagan Nath Azad" }, { "id": "1995501", "text": "Hillary Clinton, in a speech to American Muslims. In the Indian city of Delhi, the popular Khan Market is named in his honour and another market in the Karol Bagh of New Delhi is named after him called Ghaffar Market. Bacha Khan Abdul Ghaffār Khān (6 February 1890 – 20 January 1988), nicknamed Fakhr-e-Afghān, lit. \"pride of Afghans\"), Bādshāh Khān, or Bāchā Khān, \"king of chiefs\"), was a Pashtun independence activist who worked to end the rule of the British Raj. He was a political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition; he was a lifelong pacifist and devout", "title": "Bacha Khan" }, { "id": "9711557", "text": "Yunus Parvez Yunus Parvez (c.1931 – 11 February 2007) was a Bollywood character actor who played supporting roles in over 200 films from the late 1960s to the 2000s. He is best known for his roles in films like \"Garm Hava\" (1974), \"Deewaar\" (1975), \"Trishul\" (1978) and \"Mr. India\" (1987). His last film role was in Shaad Ali's hit film \"Bunty Aur Babli\" (2005). He died on 11 February 2007 at the age of 75 at his home on Mira Road, Mumbai. He was survived by his wife and two children. He had been suffering from acute diabetes and was", "title": "Yunus Parvez" }, { "id": "1889138", "text": "Delhi, New York Delhi ( ) is a town in Delaware County, New York, United States. The population was 5,117 at the 2010 census. The town is in the east-central part of the county and contains the village of Delhi. The State University of New York at Delhi is located in the town. The town is named after the city of Delhi, the capital territory of India. The name was in honor of founder Ebenezer Foote, who was known as \"The Great Mogul\". Another founder, Erastus Root, a rival of Foote, is responsible for the pronunciation. Root preferred the name", "title": "Delhi, New York" }, { "id": "1248580", "text": "run by Lal Bahadur Shastri National Memorial Trust, is situated next to 10 Janpath his residence as Prime Minister, at 1, Motilal Nehru Place, New Delhi. In 2011, on Shastri's 45th death anniversary, Uttar Pradesh Government announced to renovate Shastri's ancestral house at Ramnagar in Varanasi and declared plans to convert it into a biographical museum. Varanasi International Airport is named after him. Lal Bahadur Shastri Centre for Indian Culture with a Monument and a street is named after him in the city of Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Few stadiums are named after him in the cities of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh Ahmadabad", "title": "Lal Bahadur Shastri" }, { "id": "4095434", "text": "brothers to depose him. Muhammad Farrukhsiyar was born on 20 August 1685 (9th Ramzan 1094 AH) in the city of Aurangabad on the Deccan plateau. He was the second son of Azim-ush-Shan. In 1696, Farrukhsiyar accompanied his father on his campaign to Bengal. Mughal emperor Aurangzeb recalled his grandson, Azim-ush-Shan, from Bengal in 1707 and instructed Farrukhsiyar to take charge of the province. Farrukhsiyar spent his early years in the capital city of Dhaka (in present-day Bangladesh); during the reign of Bahadur Shah I, he moved to Murshidabad (present-day West Bengal, India). In 1712 Azim-ush-Shan anticipated Bahadur Shah I's death", "title": "Farrukhsiyar" }, { "id": "13512894", "text": "for the Development of Marathwada\"; Vinoba Bhave's \"Teachers' Congress (आचार्य कुल)\"; and the \"Fear Not\" movement opposing the dictatorial \"national Emergency\" imposed in 1975 by the then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Kurundkar was a member of Maharashtra Government Literary Awards Committee. He represented Maharashtra in the Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi. Kurundkar died due to a massive heart attack on 10 February 1982 while giving a public speech on Indian music at Aurangabad. The following is a list of some of Kurundkar's works. Acharya Narhar Kurundkar was a multi-faceted, self-nurtured personality, famous in the entire region of Marathwada as Guruji.", "title": "Narhar Ambadas Kurundkar" }, { "id": "8178756", "text": "Ballabhgarh Balramgarh, formerly known as Ballabhgarh, is a town and a tehsil (subdistrict) in Faridabad District of Haryana, India, and is part of the National Capital Region. The town was founded by Raja Balram Singh , in 1739, who also built the Nahar Singh Mahal palace in the same year. Raja Nahar Singh (1823–1858) was the last king of the princely state, he was executed for taking part in the 1857 war of independence in 1858. The kingdom of Ballabhgarh was only from Delhi, and today lies on the National Highway 2, a major portion of historical Grand Trunk Road.", "title": "Ballabhgarh" }, { "id": "2779379", "text": "of approximately 70 years as a Sufi he saw the reign of seven rulers of the Delhi sultanate. The kings were very loyal to him and respectful of him. When he first arrived as the Qutb of Delhi he settled down at a lonely place on the outskirts of Delhi, Ghyaspur. But he became so famous that Ghyaspur became the main hub of Delhi and so densely populated that he wanted to leave that place but did not. He was buried in the campus of his khanqah. Ghyaspur is now a central locality of New Delhi, and is known after", "title": "Nizamuddin Auliya" }, { "id": "6122590", "text": "South Asia, as they felt that their linkage with rulers and the government would turn their mind towards worldly matters. During the lifetime of the Khwaja he was held in great esteem by the Delhi Sultan, Iltutmish. It is contended that the Qutb Minar, the worlds tallest brick minaret, partially built by Iltumish, was named so after him. He was also the favorite saint of the Lodhi dynasty which ruled over Delhi from 1451 to 1526. His importance continues to this day and can be gauged by the following historical fact. When Mahatma Gandhi launched his last fast-unto-death in Delhi", "title": "Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki" }, { "id": "621404", "text": "India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.The monument is barricaded now with entry to inside arch restricted. The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-Élysées in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India located in New Delhi. The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January. The Beating retreat takes place here 2", "title": "New Delhi" } ]

[ "Wendy Crewson" ]

[ { "id": "2669919", "text": "'88\" and \"Street Legal\". In 1991, Crewson appeared in her first breakthrough role in the feature film \"The Doctor\" and, in later years, appeared in films, such as \"The Good Son\" (1993); \"The Santa Clause\" (1994) and its two sequels, \"The Santa Clause 2\" (2002) and \"\" (2006), as Tim Allen's ex-wife/mother of Eric Lloyd's character; \"To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday\" (1996) as Peter Gallagher's unfortunate blind date; and \"Air Force One\" (1997) as Grace Marshall, First Lady to President James Marshall (Harrison Ford). Crewson co-starred in the science fiction films \"Bicentennial Man\" (1999) with Robin Williams and \"The", "title": "Wendy Crewson" }, { "id": "2599647", "text": "The Santa Clause 2 The Santa Clause 2 is a 2002 Christmas family comedy film directed by Michael Lembeck. It is a sequel to \"The Santa Clause\" (1994) and the second installment in the \"Santa Clause\" film series. All the principal actors from the first film, including Tim Allen, Eric Lloyd, Wendy Crewson and Judge Reinhold, reprise their roles. Released on November 1, 2002, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $172 million worldwide on a $65 million budget. It was followed by another sequel, \"\", released in 2006. Eight years have passed since Scott Calvin took on", "title": "The Santa Clause 2" }, { "id": "2554721", "text": "Aisha Tyler Aisha N. Tyler (born September 18, 1970) is an American actress and comedian. She is known for playing Andrea Marino in the first season of \"Ghost Whisperer\", Dr. Tara Lewis in \"Criminal Minds\", Mother Nature in the \"Santa Clause\" films and voicing Lana Kane in \"Archer\" as well as recurring roles in \"\", \"Talk Soup\" and \"Friends\". She is formerly the co-host of CBS's \"The Talk\" and currently \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\". She also hosted Ubisoft's E3 press conferences from 2012 to 2016 and has lent her voice and likeness to the video games \"\" and \"Watch", "title": "Aisha Tyler" }, { "id": "2599657", "text": "released as a 3-Movie Collection Blu-ray set on October 16, 2012. The Santa Clause 2 The Santa Clause 2 is a 2002 Christmas family comedy film directed by Michael Lembeck. It is a sequel to \"The Santa Clause\" (1994) and the second installment in the \"Santa Clause\" film series. All the principal actors from the first film, including Tim Allen, Eric Lloyd, Wendy Crewson and Judge Reinhold, reprise their roles. Released on November 1, 2002, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $172 million worldwide on a $65 million budget. It was followed by another sequel, \"\", released", "title": "The Santa Clause 2" }, { "id": "1286347", "text": "two head off into the night. This film was entirely shot in the Greater Toronto Area. Oakville served as the city of Lakeside, Illinois. \"The Santa Clause\" grossed over US$144 million in the United States and Canada, and over $189 million worldwide, making it a box-office hit. The film has since gone on to become a Christmas classic. Freeform and AMC have played the film during the holiday season with record ratings. The film received generally positive reviews from the critics. The film currently holds a \"Certified Fresh\" rating of 74% on Rotten Tomatoes, with 40 positive reviews from 54", "title": "The Santa Clause" }, { "id": "2554734", "text": "married attorney Jeff Tietjens in 1992 or 1994 (sources differ). The pair separated in January 2015 and Tietjens filed for divorce in April 2016. It was finalized in May 2017. Tyler stated on WTF with Marc Maron that she was married for 25 years. Tyler is a vocal advocate for the rights of the LGBTQ community. Aisha Tyler Aisha N. Tyler (born September 18, 1970) is an American actress and comedian. She is known for playing Andrea Marino in the first season of \"Ghost Whisperer\", Dr. Tara Lewis in \"Criminal Minds\", Mother Nature in the \"Santa Clause\" films and voicing", "title": "Aisha Tyler" }, { "id": "6553750", "text": "The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause is a 2006 American Christmas fantasy comedy adventure film directed by Michael Lembeck. It is the third and final film in the \"Santa Clause\" film series following \"The Santa Clause\" and \"The Santa Clause 2\". The film stars Tim Allen returning as Scott Calvin/Santa Claus and Martin Short as Jack Frost. Allen and Short had previously worked together in the 1997 Disney comedy feature film, \"Jungle 2 Jungle\". Most of the supporting actors from the first two films reprise their roles, with the exception of David", "title": "The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause" }, { "id": "3121044", "text": "Nickelodeon show, \"The Loud House\". Liliana Mumy Liliana Berry Davis Mumy (born April 16, 1994) is an American former child actress and ongoing voice actress. Between 2002 and 2006, Mumy appeared as Jessica Baker in the two \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" movies, Lucy Miller in two films of \"The Santa Clause\" trilogy and performed the voice of Mertle Edmonds in the \"Lilo & Stitch\" franchise. Her father is actor Bill Mumy. Among his many roles, her father appeared as a child in the 1961 \"The Twilight Zone\" episode \"It's a Good Life\", and Liliana appeared with her father, as his", "title": "Liliana Mumy" }, { "id": "2669917", "text": "Wendy Crewson Wendy Jane Crewson (born May 9, 1956) is a Canadian actress and producer. She began her career appearing on Canadian television, before her breakthrough role in 1991 dramatic film \"The Doctor\". Crewson has appeared in many Hollywood films, including \"The Good Son\" (1993), \"The Santa Clause\" (1994) and its sequels \"The Santa Clause 2\" (2002) and \"\" (2006), as well as \"Air Force One\" (1997), \"Bicentennial Man\" (1999), \"What Lies Beneath\" (2000), \"The 6th Day\" (2000), and \"Eight Below\" (2006). She also starred in a number of independent movies, such as \"Better Than Chocolate\" (1999), \"Suddenly Naked\" (2001),", "title": "Wendy Crewson" }, { "id": "1286338", "text": "The Santa Clause The Santa Clause (stylized as The Santa Claus) is a 1994 American Christmas fantasy family comedy film written by Leo Benvenuti and Steve Rudnick, and directed by John Pasquin. The first film in the \"Santa Clause\" film series, it stars Tim Allen as Scott Calvin, an ordinary man who accidentally causes Santa Claus to fall from his roof on Christmas Eve. When he and his young son, Charlie, finish St. Nick's trip and deliveries, they go to the North Pole where Scott learns that he must become the new Santa and convince those he loves that he", "title": "The Santa Clause" }, { "id": "3121039", "text": "Liliana Mumy Liliana Berry Davis Mumy (born April 16, 1994) is an American former child actress and ongoing voice actress. Between 2002 and 2006, Mumy appeared as Jessica Baker in the two \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" movies, Lucy Miller in two films of \"The Santa Clause\" trilogy and performed the voice of Mertle Edmonds in the \"Lilo & Stitch\" franchise. Her father is actor Bill Mumy. Among his many roles, her father appeared as a child in the 1961 \"The Twilight Zone\" episode \"It's a Good Life\", and Liliana appeared with her father, as his child, in the revival series’", "title": "Liliana Mumy" }, { "id": "1286348", "text": "counted and an average rating of 6/10. The consensus from the site is \"\"The Santa Clause\" is utterly undemanding, but it's firmly rooted in the sort of good old-fashioned holiday spirit missing from too many modern yuletide films.\" Note that songs listed here (and in the movie credits) cannot always be found on CD soundtracks. The film's soundtrack was released on October 10, 1994 in the United States. This film was first released on Home Video (VHS) on October 20, 1995. The first DVD was released in October 29, 2002. \"The Santa Clause\" along with its sequels were released in", "title": "The Santa Clause" }, { "id": "3121041", "text": "High School in Sherman Oaks, California in 2012. She is a fan of the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Los Angeles Lakers . Since 2008, she has been dating her \"Chowder\" co-star Nicky Jones Mumy has appeared in several motion pictures. Her most notable film appearances are in \"Cheaper by the Dozen\", \"Cheaper by the Dozen 2\", \"The Santa Clause 2\", as well as \"\". In 2002, Mumy played Audrey Fremont, the daughter of her father Bill's character Anthony, in a sequel to the classic \"The Twilight Zone\" episode \"It's a Good Life\" called \"It's Still a Good Life\". Mumy provided", "title": "Liliana Mumy" }, { "id": "5747941", "text": "Santa Claus: The Movie Santa Claus: The Movie (known on-screen as simply Santa Claus) is a 1985 British-American Christmas film starring Dudley Moore, John Lithgow, and David Huddleston in the title role. It is the last major fantasy film produced by the Paris-based father-and-son production team of Alexander and Ilya Salkind. The film was directed by Jeannot Szwarc and released in North America on November 27, 1985, by TriStar Pictures. The 2005 DVD release was released by Anchor Bay Entertainment, under license from the film's current owner, StudioCanal; the 25th Anniversary home video release (which also now includes Blu-ray) was", "title": "Santa Claus: The Movie" }, { "id": "17225874", "text": "The Santa Clause (film series) The Santa Clause (also known as The Santa Clause Trilogy) is a series of comedy films starring Tim Allen. The film series began with \"The Santa Clause\" (1994). It was followed by \"The Santa Clause 2\" (2002) and \"\" (2006). The series experienced a diminishing critical reception with each subsequent film. Divorced dad Scott Calvin (Tim Allen) has custody of his son Charlie (Eric Lloyd) on Christmas Eve. After he accidentally causes the death of a man in a Santa suit, they are magically transported to the North Pole, where an elf explains that Scott", "title": "The Santa Clause (film series)" }, { "id": "8739775", "text": "Steve Vinovich Steve Vinovich (born January 22, 1945) is an American actor. Vinovich was born in Peoria, Illinois, the son of Jennie J. (née Kuhel), a secretary, and Stephen J. Vinovich, an insurance salesman. Vinovich has a speared in several feature films such as B.J Wert in 1987's \"Mannequin\", and Dr. Novos in the 1994 comedy \"The Santa Clause\". He also voiced Puffin in the 1994 animated film \"The Swan Princess\" and one of the only two actors of the original cast to reprise his role for the two direct-to-video sequels (the other being Michelle Nicastro as Odette). He appeared", "title": "Steve Vinovich" }, { "id": "2599656", "text": "reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale. \"The Santa Clause 2\" was nominated for Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film. \"The Santa Clause 2\" grossed $139.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $33.6 million in other territories, for a total of $172.8 million, against a production budget of $65 million. It was the fifth-highest-grossing holiday movie. Original Release Date: November 1, 2002 The film was released on DVD and VHS on November 18, 2003. It was re-released as 3-Movie Collection DVD set in 2007 and first", "title": "The Santa Clause 2" }, { "id": "2655592", "text": "told Mencia how he felt about him. Starting in late 2005, Boyle and former TV wife Doris Roberts appeared in TV commercials for the 75th anniversary of Alka-Seltzer, reprising the famous line, \"I can't believe I ate that whole thing!\" Although this quote has entered into popular culture, it is often misquoted as, \"\"...the\" whole thing.\" Boyle had a role in all three of \"The Santa Clause\" films. In the original, he plays Scott Calvin's boss. In the sequels, he plays Father Time. On December 12, 2006, Boyle died at the age of 71 at New York Presbyterian Hospital in", "title": "Peter Boyle" }, { "id": "6553759", "text": "to reveal their baby boy, Buddy Claus. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 17% based on 65 reviews, with an average rating of 3.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Playing Jack Frost as an evil cross between Liza Minnelli and Liberace, Martin Short is a welcome presence, but this tired series continues drawing from its bag of bland gags and dumb slapstick.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 32 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B+\"", "title": "The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause" }, { "id": "8095292", "text": "magic to look the part. Reluctant at first, he falls in love with his newfound role. This film spawned two sequels. In 2002's \"The Santa Clause 2\", he must find a wife (the \"Mrs. Clause\") and in 2006's \"\", he must battle Jack Frost for control of the North Pole. A recent and unique television special also draws upon the succession theme. In \"Call Me Claus\" (2001), Lucy Cullins (Whoopi Goldberg) is an African American woman destined to become the next Santa Claus. She, too, is reluctant to take on the role. In \"The Hebrew Hammer\" (2003), the role of", "title": "Santa Claus in film" }, { "id": "1286350", "text": "the number (which turned out to be an actual, working sex line number) and racked up a $400 phone bill. On television airings, the phone number is changed to \"1-800-POUND\". The line remains intact on the 1995 VHS release. The Santa Clause The Santa Clause (stylized as The Santa Claus) is a 1994 American Christmas fantasy family comedy film written by Leo Benvenuti and Steve Rudnick, and directed by John Pasquin. The first film in the \"Santa Clause\" film series, it stars Tim Allen as Scott Calvin, an ordinary man who accidentally causes Santa Claus to fall from his roof", "title": "The Santa Clause" }, { "id": "1286349", "text": "a three movie DVD collection in 2007. All three movies were released as a Blu-ray set on October 16, 2012. Towards the beginning of the film a brief exchange between Scott and Laura takes place in which Laura hands Scott a piece of paper with Neil's mother's phone number on it. Scott then says \"1-800-SPANK-ME. I know that number.\" In the United States, the exchange was removed from the 1999 DVD release as well as the 2002 Special Edition DVD and VHS releases and the 2012 Blu-ray release after a 1996 incident in which a child from Steilacoom, Washington called", "title": "The Santa Clause" }, { "id": "5747974", "text": "the original soundtrack were all represented, including the Kaja song \"Shouldn't Do That.\" Marvel Comics published a comic book adaptation of the film by writer Sid Jacobson and artist Frank Springer in \"Marvel Super Special\" #39. Santa Claus: The Movie Santa Claus: The Movie (known on-screen as simply Santa Claus) is a 1985 British-American Christmas film starring Dudley Moore, John Lithgow, and David Huddleston in the title role. It is the last major fantasy film produced by the Paris-based father-and-son production team of Alexander and Ilya Salkind. The film was directed by Jeannot Szwarc and released in North America on", "title": "Santa Claus: The Movie" }, { "id": "1286339", "text": "is indeed Father Christmas. This was Pasquin and Allen's first movie collaboration after they both worked together on the TV series \"Home Improvement\". Pasquin and Allen would later work again on the films \"Jungle 2 Jungle\" and \"Joe Somebody\", and on the television series \"Last Man Standing\". The film was followed by two sequels, \"The Santa Clause 2\" (2002) and \"\" (2006). In comparison to the original, the former received mixed critical response while the latter was panned by most critics. Scott Calvin (Tim Allen), a successful toy salesman, prepares to spend Christmas Eve with his son Charlie (Eric Lloyd).", "title": "The Santa Clause" }, { "id": "2599655", "text": "2: The Escape Clause\", scheduled for release in November 2001. The subtitle would later become the subtitle of the following sequel in 2006. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 113 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Though it's harmless as family entertainment and has moments of charm, \"The Santa Clause 2\" is also predictable and forgettable.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating \"mixed or average", "title": "The Santa Clause 2" }, { "id": "4691557", "text": "David Krumholtz David Krumholtz (born May 15, 1978) is an American actor. He played Charlie Eppes in the CBS drama series \"Numb3rs\" from 2005 to 2010. He also played Seth Goldstein in the \"Harold & Kumar\" film trilogy and Bernard the Elf in the \"Santa Clause\" film franchise. Krumholtz was born in Queens, New York City. He is the son of Michael and Judy Krumholtz. He grew up in a \"very working-class, almost poor\" Jewish family. His paternal grandparents had emigrated from Poland, and his mother moved from Hungary to the U.S. in 1956. At the age of 13, Krumholtz", "title": "David Krumholtz" }, { "id": "17225876", "text": "son, Charlie (Eric Lloyd), landed on this year's naughty list, but Scott discovers that he must marry by Christmas Eve -- just a month away! -- or he will stop being Santa Claus forever. Christmas cheer turns into holiday chaos when Scott Calvin (Tim Allen), aka Santa, invites his in-laws (Ann-Margret, Alan Arkin) for a visit and must, simultaneously, contend with Jack Frost's (Martin Short) scheme to take over the North Pole. Scott, his family and Head Elf Curtis (Spencer Breslin) must join forces to foil the nefarious plot. Scott Foundas of \"Variety\" called the 1994 film was \"a full-on", "title": "The Santa Clause (film series)" }, { "id": "20617360", "text": "Tom Woodruff Jr. Tom Woodruff Jr. (born January 21, 1959) is an American actor, director, producer and special effects supervisor. He won an Academy Award for Best Special Effects for his work on the 1992 dark fantasy film \"Death Becomes Her\"; that same year he was also nominated for the same award for \"Alien 3\". Some of his most notable works include: \"The Santa Clause\" (1994), \"Starship Troopers\" (1997), \"Cast Away\" (2000), \"It\" (2017) and \"\" (2018). Woodruff Jr. was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania on January 21, 1959. He grew up in nearby Loyalsock Township, Pennsylvania and attended Loyalsock Township", "title": "Tom Woodruff Jr." }, { "id": "6553761", "text": "had become box-office successes during their opening weekends, but \"The Santa Clause 3\" was beaten by \"\" for the No. 1 spot. \"The Santa Clause 3\" made $84,500,122 in North America and a worldwide gross of $110,768,122. The first film made $189,833,357 worldwide at the box-office while the second film made $172,855,065. The film was released on both standard DVD and high-definition Blu-ray Disc on November 20, 2007. A tie-in video game was released on November 1, 2006 for the Game Boy Advance, developed by 1st Playable Productions and published by Buena Vista Games. The Santa Clause 3: The Escape", "title": "The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause" }, { "id": "12733689", "text": "(originally portrayed by Dick Shawn who died in 1987) was voiced by Juan Chioran, while Mrs. Claus (voiced in the original by Shirley Booth who died in 1992) was portrayed by Catherine Disher. The movie aimed to emulate the Rankin/Bass animation style. This is the last Christmas special to feature Mickey Rooney as Santa Claus, as he died in 2014, as well as the last time George Irving voiced Heat Miser, as he died in 2016. The feuding Miser Brothers attend their family reunion with Mother Nature and their fellow siblings North Wind, Earthquake, Thunder and Lightning, and the Tides.", "title": "A Miser Brothers' Christmas" }, { "id": "6338849", "text": "member of Girl Scouts of America, The National Council of Negro Women, Sigma Alpha Lambda (a national leadership and honors organization) and Jack and Jill of America. Suzzanne Douglas Suzzanne Douglas (born April 12, 1957) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as matriarch Jerri Peterson on the WB sitcom \"The Parent 'Hood\", starring Robert Townsend which ran from 1995–1999. Douglas portrayed Amy Simms in the 1989 dance/drama film \"Tap\" alongside Gregory Hines and Sammy Davis, Jr; for which she received an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture. In addition to", "title": "Suzzanne Douglas" }, { "id": "5747942", "text": "by Lionsgate Home Entertainment, again under StudioCanal's license. \"Santa Claus: The Movie\" is a straightforward attempt to explore the mysteries of Santa Claus with the key objective being to answer some of the basic questions many children have about the Santa mythos, such as how his reindeer fly, how he and his wife made it to the North Pole, and how he ascends chimneys, among other things. The film chronicles the origins of Santa Claus, who, along with his wife Anya (Judy Cornwell), goes from being a simple working man to becoming an international icon of Christmas. At the same", "title": "Santa Claus: The Movie" }, { "id": "6913212", "text": "Marcella Lowery Marcella Lowery (born April 27, 1946) is an American actress. Marcella Lowery is known for her roles as Geoffrey Owens' mother, Francine Tibideaux, on \"The Cosby Show\", Jamal Jenkins' grandmother on \"Ghostwriter\" from 1992 to 1995, Anna Eldridge in the 1996 film, \"The Preacher's Wife\" and as Principal Karen Noble on the NBC sitcom \"City Guys\". Lowery was born in Queens, New York. She had a recurring role on \"The Cosby Show\" as Francine Tibideaux, the mother of Elvin Tibideaux and mother-in-law of Sondra Huxtable, as well as a brief role in \"What About Bob?\". She was also", "title": "Marcella Lowery" }, { "id": "8739776", "text": "in \"The Foreigner\" at Corn Stock Theatre in Peoria, IL the summer of 2013. Steve Vinovich Steve Vinovich (born January 22, 1945) is an American actor. Vinovich was born in Peoria, Illinois, the son of Jennie J. (née Kuhel), a secretary, and Stephen J. Vinovich, an insurance salesman. Vinovich has a speared in several feature films such as B.J Wert in 1987's \"Mannequin\", and Dr. Novos in the 1994 comedy \"The Santa Clause\". He also voiced Puffin in the 1994 animated film \"The Swan Princess\" and one of the only two actors of the original cast to reprise his role", "title": "Steve Vinovich" }, { "id": "5849152", "text": "\"The Santa Clause 2\" and \"The Santa Clause 3\". He was also an annual guest on \"The Late Show with David Letterman\" during the Christmas season, where he told a story about how he met Clayton Moore, who portrayed the title character on \"The Lone Ranger\". Beginning in 2005, he hosted \"The Jay Thomas Show\" on SiriusXM Satellite Radio, which aired every Friday afternoon on Howard 101. Thomas was born in Kermit, Texas, to Katharine (née Guzzino) and Timothy Harry Terrell. He was raised in his Italian American mother's Catholic religion; his father was Protestant. Thomas was raised in New", "title": "Jay Thomas" }, { "id": "1285828", "text": "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians Santa Claus Conquers the Martians is a 1964 American science fiction comedy film directed by Nicholas Webster, produced and written by Paul L. Jacobson based on a story by Glenville Mareth, starring John Call as Santa Claus, and featuring an eight-year-old Pia Zadora as one of the Martian children. The film also marks the first documented appearance of Mrs. Claus in a motion picture (Doris Rich plays the role), coming three weeks before the television special \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\", which also featured the character. The film regularly appears on lists of the worst films", "title": "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians" }, { "id": "7307562", "text": "Verna Bloom Verna Bloom (born August 7, 1939) is an American actress. She co-starred in Clint Eastwood's 1973 film, \"High Plains Drifter\" and in the 1974 made-for-TV movie \"Where Have All The People Gone?\" with Peter Graves and Kathleen Quinlan. She has had roles in more than 30 films and television episodes since the 1960s, including playing Mary, mother of Jesus, in \"The Last Temptation of Christ\" in 1988 and Marion Wormer in \"Animal House\" in 1978. Bloom was born in Lynn, Massachusetts and attended the School of Fine Arts in Boston University, graduating with a BFA. She also studied", "title": "Verna Bloom" }, { "id": "15184353", "text": "Single Santa Seeks Mrs. Claus Single Santa seeks Mrs Claus is a 2004 film starring Steve Guttenberg, Crystal Bernard and Dominic Scott Kay. A sequel \"Meet the Santas\" was released in 2005. A single mother whose faith in love died with her former husband learns that Christmas miracles can still happen in director Harvey Frost's warmhearted tale of winter magic. Beth Sawtelle (Crystal Bernard) is a devoted single mother and advertising executive whose current campaign could put her on the fast track to the big time. The holiday season is here, and in order to sell the latest in video", "title": "Single Santa Seeks Mrs. Claus" }, { "id": "7846747", "text": "Eric Lloyd Eric Lloyd (born David Eric Lloyd Morelli; May 19, 1986) is an American actor, comedian, musician and producer. Lloyd is best known for work as a child actor in such roles as Charlie Calvin in Disney's \"The Santa Clause\" film trilogy, and as \"Little John\" Warner in the NBC television series \"Jesse\". His television career began when, between ages 2 and 5, he was cast as a young Kevin Arnold (Fred Savage) in episodes of \"The Wonder Years\". His film credits include \"Batman & Robin\", \"Dunston Checks In\", \"My Giant\", \"The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars\", and", "title": "Eric Lloyd" }, { "id": "20617363", "text": "effects and make-up crews. Tom Woodruff Jr. Tom Woodruff Jr. (born January 21, 1959) is an American actor, director, producer and special effects supervisor. He won an Academy Award for Best Special Effects for his work on the 1992 dark fantasy film \"Death Becomes Her\"; that same year he was also nominated for the same award for \"Alien 3\". Some of his most notable works include: \"The Santa Clause\" (1994), \"Starship Troopers\" (1997), \"Cast Away\" (2000), \"It\" (2017) and \"\" (2018). Woodruff Jr. was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania on January 21, 1959. He grew up in nearby Loyalsock Township, Pennsylvania", "title": "Tom Woodruff Jr." }, { "id": "2554725", "text": "season. She also filmed her own sitcom pilot for CBS, which was not picked up. She has guest-starred on \"MADtv\". Following her regular role on the CBS series \"Ghost Whisperer\" during its first season, Tyler appeared in several films, including \"The Santa Clause 2\", \"\", \".45\", and the comedy \"Balls of Fury\". In 2007, she filmed the thriller \"Death Sentence\" and the crime drama \"Black Water Transit\". She also continues to appear on television, with appearances on \"Boston Legal\", \"Reno 911!\", \"The Boondocks\", and as a guest film critic on several episodes of \"At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper\",", "title": "Aisha Tyler" }, { "id": "6553753", "text": "along with Scott's former wife, Laura, her husband, Neil, their daughter, Lucy, and Scott's son, Charlie. Meanwhile, he is summoned to a meeting of the Council of Legendary Figures, consisting of Mother Nature, Father Time, the Easter Bunny, Cupid, the Tooth Fairy, and the Sandman, concerning the behavior of Jack Frost, who is jealous that he has no holiday or special occasion in his honor. Because he has been promoting himself during the Christmas season, Mother Nature suggests sanctions against him. When Scott says he is dealing with how to get the in-laws to come without revealing that he is", "title": "The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause" }, { "id": "6553751", "text": "Krumholtz, who played Bernard the Arch-elf. As a result of his absence, Curtis (played by Spencer Breslin), who was previously the Assistant Head Elf, has now been promoted to Bernard's former position. Like the previous film, this film was shot in the Canadian cities of Vancouver and Calgary. This was Peter Boyle's final film to be released before he died from cancer one month after its release. (The 2008 film \"All Roads Lead Home\" would be released posthumously.) Its production was completed in February 2006. The movie was released in theaters on November 3, 2006 in the US followed by", "title": "The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause" }, { "id": "7307563", "text": "at the HB Studio in New York City. She is Jewish. Verna Bloom Verna Bloom (born August 7, 1939) is an American actress. She co-starred in Clint Eastwood's 1973 film, \"High Plains Drifter\" and in the 1974 made-for-TV movie \"Where Have All The People Gone?\" with Peter Graves and Kathleen Quinlan. She has had roles in more than 30 films and television episodes since the 1960s, including playing Mary, mother of Jesus, in \"The Last Temptation of Christ\" in 1988 and Marion Wormer in \"Animal House\" in 1978. Bloom was born in Lynn, Massachusetts and attended the School of Fine", "title": "Verna Bloom" }, { "id": "1285842", "text": "in attendance. Santa Claus Conquers the Martians Santa Claus Conquers the Martians is a 1964 American science fiction comedy film directed by Nicholas Webster, produced and written by Paul L. Jacobson based on a story by Glenville Mareth, starring John Call as Santa Claus, and featuring an eight-year-old Pia Zadora as one of the Martian children. The film also marks the first documented appearance of Mrs. Claus in a motion picture (Doris Rich plays the role), coming three weeks before the television special \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\", which also featured the character. The film regularly appears on lists of the", "title": "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians" }, { "id": "6165525", "text": "(1959), opposite Denny Miller as Tarzan. In Disney's original 1961 version of \"The Parent Trap\" starring Hayley Mills, Barnes played gold-digger Vicki Robinson, who temporarily comes between Maureen O'Hara and Brian Keith. In the 1998 remake starring Lindsay Lohan, she played Vicki Blake, the mother of the child-hating gold-digger fiancee Meredith Blake (Elaine Hendrix). In the 1960s, she appeared in \"The War Wagon\", a lavish western movie starring John Wayne and Kirk Douglas. Barnes was also a writer and columnist. In 1973, she told newspaper columnist Dick Kleiner that she liked writing because \"it is something you do yourself. With", "title": "Joanna Barnes" }, { "id": "11448480", "text": "Diana Sowle Diana Mae Sowle (née Laumer; June 19, 1930 – October 19, 2018) was an American actress of film and theater and voice artist, best known for playing Mrs. Bucket (Charlie Bucket's mother) in the 1971 film \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\" and her performance of \"Cheer up Charlie\" in that film, although her voice in the song was dubbed by Diana Lee. Sowle joined the cast while in Germany, where it was filmed. At the time of her death in 2018, she was the last surviving parent from the film. Sowle's death left three remaining adult cast", "title": "Diana Sowle" }, { "id": "6553752", "text": "a release date of November 24 for the UK. The DVD and Blu-ray were released on November 20, 2007 in the U.S. and November 12, 2007 for the UK. Twelve years have passed since Scott Calvin took on the mantle of Santa Claus and became subject to the Santa Clause and married Carol Newman, who has now become a teacher in the North Pole. On Christmas Eve, she tells a group of young elves a story from her life with Scott Calvin/Santa Clause while expecting their first child. Scott invites his in-laws, Sylvia and Bud Newman, to the North Pole,", "title": "The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause" }, { "id": "16557207", "text": "Carol Ann Susi Carol Ann Susi (February 2, 1952 – November 11, 2014) was an American actress. She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz, mother of Howard Wolowitz, on the television series \"The Big Bang Theory\". Susi made her first screen appearance in \"\", where she played the recurring role of intern Monique Marmelstein. Other television and film credits included: \"McMillan & Wife\", \"Coyote Ugly\", \"Just Go with It\", \"The Big Bang Theory\", \"Becker\", \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"That '70s Show\", \"Out of Practice\", \"Cats & Dogs\", \"Just Shoot Me\", \"Married... with Children\", \"Night Court\", \"The", "title": "Carol Ann Susi" }, { "id": "6246124", "text": "Joey in the Disney Channel Original Movie \"The Ultimate Christmas Present\", a comedy, and garnered a 2000 Young Artist Award nomination for Best Performance in a TV Movie (Comedy or Drama) Young Actor Age 10 or Under. He played whiz-kid Curtis the Elf in the 2002 romantic comedy-drama-fantasy film \"The Santa Clause 2: The Mrs. Clause\", marking the first of four films in which he co-starred alongside actor Tim Allen. The movie was a great financial success, raking in $173 million in gross sales, and was the fifth-highest-grossing holiday movie ever and the 28th-highest-grossing movie worldwide of the year, making", "title": "Spencer Breslin" }, { "id": "1286340", "text": "Scott convinces Charlie that Santa Claus is real, despite not believing himself. Scott's ex-wife, Laura (Wendy Crewson) and her psychiatrist husband Dr. Neil Miller (Judge Reinhold) both stopped believing in Santa at a young age and feel that Charlie needs to face reality. After Scott reads the The Night Before Christmas to Charlie and tucks him into bed, Santa's sleigh lands on their roof and wakes Charlie. Charlie wakes up Scott, who hears Santa's footsteps on the roof and assumes that it is an intruder. Rushing outside, Scott startles Santa, causing him to lose his balance and fall off the", "title": "The Santa Clause" }, { "id": "7180140", "text": "Mrs. Santa Claus Mrs. Santa Claus is a 1996 American made-for-television musical fantasy-comedy film starring Angela Lansbury in the title role as Mrs. Claus, the wife of Santa Claus. The film was billed as the first original musical written for television since \"Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella\" in 1957. It was originally broadcast as a Hallmark Entertainment presentation on CBS on December 8, 1996. The movie is set in December 1910. Mrs. Santa Claus is trying to convince her husband, Santa Claus, to take a new route, but he is preoccupied with the Christmas rush and won't listen. Disgruntled, she takes", "title": "Mrs. Santa Claus" }, { "id": "9035434", "text": "Fred Claus Fred Claus is a 2007 American fantasy comedy adventure film directed by David Dobkin, written by Dan Fogelman and Jessie Nelson, and starring Vince Vaughn and Paul Giamatti. The film was released on November 9, 2007, in the US and later released in the UK on November 30, 2007, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is loosely based on the poem \"A legend of Santa and his brother Fred\" written by Donald Henkel. A baby is born, and within a few minutes of his birth, he starts saying: \"Ho, ho, ho!\". Mother Claus calls her son, Frederick, over to", "title": "Fred Claus" }, { "id": "5747964", "text": "novel also describes how, on a certain long-winter's night, the oldest and wisest elf of all, the Ancient One, foresaw the arrival of a man whose love for children would be equal to that of the elves. The Ancient One believed that this man would be the one to whom the elves would grant full immortality, along with the ability to deliver the elves' gifts to children all over the world. In addition to Patch, Dooley, Puffy, Boog, Honka, and Vout, the film's screenplay and cast listing features three additional elves: Groot, the Elves' Senior Chef; Goober, the head of", "title": "Santa Claus: The Movie" }, { "id": "8821916", "text": "What We've Got,\" written by Hal David and performed by Marilyn McCoo. It appears in the opening credits while clips from the original \"The Parent Trap\" movie play, and is reprised in the closing credits when the final scene (Nicki and Mary, as junior bridesmaids/flower girls, walk up the aisle after their parents' wedding) is frozen. Other songs in the film include \"Nothin' At All,\" sung by Andrea Robinson, who would later voice Ariel's mother, Athena, in Disney's \"\", and \"Stand Back,\" sung by Stephanie Mills. The Parent Trap II The Parent Trap II is a 1986 American made-for-television comedy", "title": "The Parent Trap II" }, { "id": "6652158", "text": "Dotty West, the mother of Kate Jackson's character, in the CBS television series \"Scarecrow and Mrs. King\". She had a recurring role as Ginger Jackson on \"7th Heaven\". In 1958–1959, she starred in the TV crime-drama \"Decoy\", which ran for 39 episodes. Beverly Garland was born Beverly Lucy Fessenden on October 17, 1926, in Santa Cruz, California, the daughter of Amelia Rose (née Scherer), a businesswoman, and James Atkins Fessenden, a singer and salesman. Garland grew up in Glendale, California. She was a drama student of Anita Arliss. She was a student at Glendale City College, and she honed her", "title": "Beverly Garland" }, { "id": "7180143", "text": "on October 21, 1997 and again on VHS September 18, 2001. It was first released on DVD on September 23, 2003 and was long been out of print until a 2018 re-release by Sonar Entertainment. Mrs. Santa Claus Mrs. Santa Claus is a 1996 American made-for-television musical fantasy-comedy film starring Angela Lansbury in the title role as Mrs. Claus, the wife of Santa Claus. The film was billed as the first original musical written for television since \"Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella\" in 1957. It was originally broadcast as a Hallmark Entertainment presentation on CBS on December 8, 1996. The movie", "title": "Mrs. Santa Claus" }, { "id": "5547656", "text": "the mother of child-hating gold-digger Meredith. The characters of Marva Kulp Sr. and Marva Kulp Jr. were most likely named after actress Nancy Kulp, who played the camp counselor in the original film 37 years earlier. The scene where Nick sees Elizabeth and leans over in the elevator is a repeat of Cary Grant and Irene Dunne's classic scene from \"My Favorite Wife\". Principal photography started on July 15, 1997, in London, United Kingdom, and continued in Napa Valley AVA, San Francisco, Lake Arrowhead, and Los Angeles, California. The song used in the opening sequence in which glimpses of Nick", "title": "The Parent Trap (1998 film)" }, { "id": "9432770", "text": "Eve Gordon Eve Gordon (also known as Eve Bennett-Gordon; born June 25, 1960) is an American actress. Her television roles include playing Marilyn Monroe in the Emmy Award-winning miniseries \"A Woman Named Jackie\", Congressional aide Jordan Miller in the short-lived sitcom \"The Powers That Be\", the mother of the title character in the drama series \"Felicity\", and Monica Klain, the wife of Ron Klain (played by Kevin Spacey) in the 2008 Emmy Award-winning HBO film \"Recount\". She also starred in the 1997 film \"Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves\", starring opposite Rick Moranis. Gordon was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the daughter of", "title": "Eve Gordon" }, { "id": "6246115", "text": "Spencer Breslin Spencer Breslin (born May 18, 1992) is an American actor and musician. He is the older brother of actress Abigail Breslin. Beginning at the age of three, Breslin acted in over 50 commercials. He is best known for his roles in the feature films \"Disney's The Kid\" (co-starring at the age of eight with Bruce Willis), \"The Santa Clause 2: The Mrs. Clause\" and \"\" (as Curtis the Elf), \"Return to Neverland\", \"The Cat in the Hat\", \"Raising Helen\", \"\", \"The Shaggy Dog\", \"Harold\", \"\"The Happening\"\", and \"Perfect Sisters\". His television credits include \"Teamo Supremo\", \"Stephen King's Storm", "title": "Spencer Breslin" }, { "id": "6802811", "text": "Elizabeth Hoffman (actress) Elizabeth Hoffman (born February 8, 1927) is an American character actress. Hoffman was born in Corvallis, Oregon. She is best known for her regular role as Beatrice Reed Ventnor, Swoosie Kurtz', Sela Ward's, Patricia Kalember's and Julianne Phillips' characters' mother, on the NBC drama series \"Sisters\" (1991-1996). Hoffman also guest-starred in a number of television shows and mini-series such as \"Little House on the Prairie\", \"War and Remembrance\", \"Matlock\" and \"thirtysomething\", and well as several movies including playing the role of Grandma Ruth in \"Dante's Peak\". She also played the role of Catherine Langford in \"Stargate SG-1\".", "title": "Elizabeth Hoffman (actress)" }, { "id": "6802810", "text": "Elizabeth Hoffman (actress) Elizabeth Hoffman (born February 8, 1927) is an American character actress. Hoffman was born in Corvallis, Oregon. She is best known for her regular role as Beatrice Reed Ventnor, Swoosie Kurtz', Sela Ward's, Patricia Kalember's and Julianne Phillips' characters' mother, on the NBC drama series \"Sisters\" (1991-1996). Hoffman also guest-starred in a number of television shows and mini-series such as \"Little House on the Prairie\", \"War and Remembrance\", \"Matlock\" and \"thirtysomething\", and well as several movies including playing the role of Grandma Ruth in \"Dante's Peak\". She also played the role of Catherine Langford in \"Stargate SG-1\".", "title": "Elizabeth Hoffman (actress)" }, { "id": "5642766", "text": "Jennifer Coolidge Jennifer Audrey Coolidge (born August 28, 1961) is an American actress, comedian and activist. She is best known for playing Jeanine Stifler, (Stifler's Mom), in the \"American Pie\" franchise (1999–2012), Sophie in the CBS sitcom \"2 Broke Girls\" (2011–2017), Bobbie in the sitcom \"Joey\" (2004–2006), Paulette Bonafonté Parcelle in \"Legally Blonde\" (2001) and its , Hilary Duff's character's evil stepmother in \"A Cinderella Story\" (2004) and Betty in \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" (2008–2012). She is also a regular actor in Christopher Guest's mockumentary films. Coolidge is an alumna of The Groundlings, an improv and sketch", "title": "Jennifer Coolidge" }, { "id": "10486546", "text": "known for playing Felice Martin, the cheating and domineering mother of Donna Martin (Tori Spelling), on the long-running teen series, \"Beverly Hills, 90210\". In 1974, Cannon married commercial director Richard Chambers. The couple had one son, Colin Thomas Chambers, before divorcing in 1980. In 2001, she remarried, to actor Dean Butler who played Almanzo Wilder for several seasons on Little House on the Prairie. Katherine Cannon Katherine Cannon (born September 6, 1953) is an American actress. Her early roles included \"Fools' Parade\" (1971), \"Private Duty Nurses\" (1971), \"Women in Chains\" (1972), Emergency! (1973), Baa Baa Black Sheep (TV series) (1977–1978)", "title": "Katherine Cannon" }, { "id": "3946825", "text": "Moira Kelly Moira Kelly (born March 6, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Kate Moseley in the 1992 film \"The Cutting Edge\", as well as single mother Karen Roe on the teen drama \"One Tree Hill\". She is also known for playing the role of Donna Hayward in \"\", replacing Lara Flynn Boyle in the prequel to the 1990 TV series \"Twin Peaks\". Other roles include Dorothy Day in \"\", White House media consultant Mandy Hampton in the first season of \"The West Wing\", and the voice of Simba's love interest Nala in \"The Lion", "title": "Moira Kelly" }, { "id": "8095280", "text": "capture their father who abandoned them and their mother but tries to burglarize the house after he discovers she inherited a fortune. A 29-minute 1925 silent film production titled \"Santa Claus\", by explorer/documentarian Frank E. Kleinschmidt, filmed partly in northern Alaska, feature Santa in his workshop, visiting his Eskimo neighbors, and tending his reindeer. A year later, another movie titled \"Santa Claus\" was produced with sound on De Forest Phonofilm. Over the years, various actors have donned the red suit (aside from those discussed below), including Monty Woolley in \"Life Begins at Eight-thirty\" (1942), Alberto Rabagliati in \"The Christmas That", "title": "Santa Claus in film" }, { "id": "16953241", "text": "\"Quantum Leap\", \"The Tracey Ullman Show\", \"Baywatch\", \"In The Heat of the Night\", and most recently, \"\". She currently lives in Los Angeles with her husband Ian Duncan (whom she married in 2011) and their daughter, Cosette. Juliet Sorci Juliet Sorci (born July 4, 1979) is an American actress best known for her roles in \"A Mom for Christmas\", and several other television films. Born and raised in Bakersfield, California, Sorci graduated from William S. Hart High School in Newhall, California in 1997. Sorci studied with many top acting teachers which include Howard Fine, Lesly Kahn, and Stan Kirsch; she", "title": "Juliet Sorci" }, { "id": "8095290", "text": "as his wife Anya, shows how Santa and Anya are discovered by a clan of elves called the Vendequm. (Dudley Moore portrays Patch, the central character and main focus of the story; Burgess Meredith portrays their wise leader, the Ancient One, who reveals that Claus represents the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy, whereby he has been designated as \"the Chosen One\", whose mission it will be to deliver the elves' toys to children all over the world. The film's prologue features Claus and Anya performing Santa-like duties in their home village, and strongly suggests Santa's saintly origins. In \"Ernest Saves", "title": "Santa Claus in film" }, { "id": "8307079", "text": "Joe Somebody Joe Somebody is a 2001 American comedy-drama film written by John Scott Shepherd and directed by John Pasquin. The film stars Tim Allen as an ordinary man forced into violence by a workplace bully. The film also stars Julie Bowen, Kelly Lynch, Greg Germann, Hayden Panettiere, Patrick Warburton and Jim Belushi. Screenwriter John Scott Shepherd wrote the script based on his experiences working in advertising. Though originally offered to Jim Carrey, the role of Joe Scheffer would eventually be taken by Allen. The film marked Allen and Pasquin's third feature together, after 1994's \"The Santa Clause\" and 1997's", "title": "Joe Somebody" }, { "id": "19217350", "text": "Family for Christmas Family for Christmas is a 2015 American-Canadian holiday romantic comedy directed by Amanda Tapping and starring Lacey Chabert and Tyron Leitso. Written by Bryar Freed, the film is about a successful single career woman who, after meeting a man playing Santa Claus during her office Christmas party, wakes up the following morning to find herself married to her college sweetheart and the mother of two daughters. The television film first aired on July 11, 2015 on the Hallmark Channel. After exposing a corrupt charity organization, successful investigative journalist Hannah Dunbar (Lacey Chabert) is made special correspondent for", "title": "Family for Christmas" }, { "id": "7334112", "text": "time soap opera, \"Dallas\". In 1992, Hirson was regular cast member on the short-lived NBC sitcom \"Home Fires\" starring Kate Burton. From 1994 to 1998, she played the role of Lois Morgan, the mother of Ellen DeGeneres' character on the ABC comedy series, \"Ellen\". From 1996 to 2006, she appeared in eight episodes of The WB family drama series, \"7th Heaven\" playing Jenny Jackson, mother of Annie Camden (Catherine Hicks), whose illness and death occurred as the series began in 1996. She also had the recurring roles on \"Murphy Brown\" and \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\", and guest-starred", "title": "Alice Hirson" }, { "id": "5014188", "text": "Showcase Waiting for Godot Equity Production, Resource Theatre Co., Santa Fe, NM Frankie and Johnny in Karen Grassle Karen Trust Grassle (born February 25, 1942) is an American actress, known for her role as Caroline Ingalls, the wife of Michael Landon's character and the mother of Melissa Sue Anderson’s and Melissa Gilbert's character, in the NBC television drama series \"Little House on the Prairie\". Grassle studied ballet, acted in school plays, sang in the Baptist choir, and was Vice President of the student body her senior year, when she graduated from Ventura High School in 1959. She attended Sophie Newcomb", "title": "Karen Grassle" }, { "id": "6338845", "text": "Suzzanne Douglas Suzzanne Douglas (born April 12, 1957) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as matriarch Jerri Peterson on the WB sitcom \"The Parent 'Hood\", starring Robert Townsend which ran from 1995–1999. Douglas portrayed Amy Simms in the 1989 dance/drama film \"Tap\" alongside Gregory Hines and Sammy Davis, Jr; for which she received an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture. In addition to Tap, Douglas has starred in several other motion pictures, among them \"How Stella Got Her Groove Back\" (1998), \"Jason's Lyric\" (1994), \"The Inkwell\" (1994) as well as", "title": "Suzzanne Douglas" }, { "id": "1689597", "text": "Sagal had a cameo on \"Glee\" as Nancy Abrams, Artie Abrams' mother. She co-starred in \"Pitch Perfect 2,\" released in 2015, as the mother of Hailee Steinfeld's character. She next appeared in the biography drama film \"Bleed for This,\" as the mother of Vinny Pazienza. On September 9, 2014, Sagal received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; most of the \"Married ... with Children\" cast – including Ed O'Neill, Christina Applegate, and David Faustino – were present to celebrate the actor's recognition. On September 20, 2016, Sagal appeared on \"The Big Bang Theory\" as Susan, the mother of", "title": "Katey Sagal" }, { "id": "15216712", "text": "has served as president and general manager of Artist & Repertoire, LLC. The company provides outsourced A&R support to artists and industry and is located in Nashville. Recent projects include representing Jim Labriola, whose many credits include: Recurring TV cast roles on \"Home Improvement\", A&E Specials \"Comedy On The Road\" / \"Caroline's Comedy Hour\" and Feature Film roles in Disney's \" The Santa Clause\" and \"Joe Somebody\" for 20th Century Fox. His development and production work landed Alecia Elliot a recording contact with MCA/Universal and on-screen roles with \"All About Us\" and \"Tom Sawyer\". Similar efforts led to the writing", "title": "Jeff Teague (music)" }, { "id": "5333048", "text": "two sons, Griffin, born in 2009, and Baker James, born in 2012. Leigh-Allyn Baker Leigh-Allyn Baker (born March 13, 1972) is an American actress and voice artist. She had recurring roles on \"Charmed\" and \"Will & Grace\", and a starring role as the matriarch Amy Duncan on the Disney Channel sitcom \"Good Luck Charlie\". She also provided the voice of Abby on the Nickelodeon animated series \"Back at the Barnyard\". Baker has done voice work in video games for the \"Star Trek\" and \"X-Men\" and guest starred in television shows such as \"That '70s Show\", \"Early Edition\", \"Yes, Dear\" and", "title": "Leigh-Allyn Baker" }, { "id": "6330478", "text": "2008, she voiced the character of Grandma Winifred Fletcher in the American Disney animated television series \"Phineas and Ferb\". She also voiced Lady Cecelia in Familias Regnant universe Heris Serrano trilogy graphic audio book. She also provides the voice of Cosmo's mother Mama Cosma in the Nickelodeon animated series \"The Fairly OddParents\". Jane Carr Ellen Jane Carr (born 13 August 1950) is an English actress. She is well known for the voice role of \"Pud'n\" on the animated \"The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy\" (US, 2001–2007). She also played a character called \"Pudding\" in the Jilly Cooper-penned BBC sitcom", "title": "Jane Carr" }, { "id": "20176619", "text": "Kim Roberts (actress) Kim Roberts is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Christine in \"The Handmaids Tale\" (2017), Regina from \"Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs\" (2017), Marnie in \"Schitt's Creek\" (2015), Neeva in \"The Strain\" (2014), Gloria in \"Lucky Seven\" (2013), Camilla in \"Being Erica\" (2010), Mazz in \"The Doodlebops\" (2004–05), Mrs. Arvin in \"I'm Not There\" (2007), Deborah in \"Saw III\" (2006) and \"Saw IV\" (2007) and Mrs. Bosco in \"The Cheetah Girls\" (2003). Kim’s parents are from the Caribbean. Her mother, Josephine (nee Charles), is from the creole island of Dominica and her late", "title": "Kim Roberts (actress)" }, { "id": "11777847", "text": "she appeared in two episodes of \"The Bill\", as Ella Whittaker; and was cast in \"Doctor Who\" as Sylvia Noble, the overbearing mother of Catherine Tate’s character Donna Noble. She has reprised this role in the 2008 series, in a two-part special, broadcast over the 2009 Christmas period., and in 2018 in a audio production for Big Finish Productions. In 2007, she appeared in \"House of Saddam\", playing real-life diplomat April Glaspie. 2009 saw her appear in one episode of \"Missing\", alongside Pauline Quirke. Appearances include: Jacqueline King Jacqueline King is a British stage and television actress known for her", "title": "Jacqueline King" }, { "id": "1366183", "text": "who is having an affair with the title character (played by Johnny Depp); the role of Hannah Nixon in the Oliver Stone biopic, \"Nixon\" (1995); and in the Will Ferrell 2003 comedy \"Elf,\" as a woman who discovers that her husband is the father of one of Santa's elves. She has appeared in the comedy films \"Step Brothers\" (2008), starring Will Ferrell, playing the mother of Ferrell's character; \"Four Christmases\" (2008) opposite Vince Vaughn and Reese Witherspoon; and \"The Proposal\" (2009) opposite Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds. \"Dirty Girl,\" which features Steenburgen along with Juno Temple, Milla Jovovich and William", "title": "Mary Steenburgen" }, { "id": "5747953", "text": "and Leslie Newman. David Newman, however, took sole screenplay credit. Pierre Spengler, Ilya's longtime partner, and the third key element of Team Salkind, joined Alexander's son as the project's producer. John Carpenter was originally offered the chance to direct, but also wanted a say in the writing, musical score and final cut of the movie. Carpenter's original choice for the role of Santa was Brian Dennehy. Among the original choices to direct the film other than Carpenter were Lewis Gilbert, who, despite initial interest, could not agree with the Salkinds over certain aspects of the script. Robert Wise was also", "title": "Santa Claus: The Movie" }, { "id": "5014181", "text": "Karen Grassle Karen Trust Grassle (born February 25, 1942) is an American actress, known for her role as Caroline Ingalls, the wife of Michael Landon's character and the mother of Melissa Sue Anderson’s and Melissa Gilbert's character, in the NBC television drama series \"Little House on the Prairie\". Grassle studied ballet, acted in school plays, sang in the Baptist choir, and was Vice President of the student body her senior year, when she graduated from Ventura High School in 1959. She attended Sophie Newcomb College (Tulane University, 1959–60) and then transferred to the University of California, Berkeley. She graduated with", "title": "Karen Grassle" }, { "id": "4237577", "text": "Dee Wallace Deanna \"Dee\" Wallace (née Bowers; born December 14, 1948), also known as Dee Wallace Stone, is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Mary, the mother, in the 1982 blockbuster film \"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial\". She is also known for her starring roles in several horror films including \"The Hills Have Eyes\" (1977), \"The Howling\" (1981), \"Cujo\" (1983) and \"Critters\" (1986), which earned her the title of \"scream queen\". Wallace was born in Kansas City, Kansas, the daughter of Maxine (née Nichols) and Robert Stanley Bowers. She attended Wyandotte High School, before attending the", "title": "Dee Wallace" }, { "id": "8650671", "text": "In 1979, she appeared in \"Real Life\". In the 1980s, she was cast in several major films, usually playing the mother of a main character. In 1984, she co-starred in the film \"Gremlins\" as Lynn Peltzer, the mother of main character, Billy Peltzer. Also that year, she played Ethel McCormack, mother to Kevin Bacon's character, in \"Footloose\". In 1985 she appeared in the film \"Back to the Future\" as Stella Baines, the mother to the character played by Lea Thompson. In 1986, she played Mrs. Lachance, the mother of Gordie Lachance (Wil Wheaton), in the drama film \"Stand by Me\".", "title": "Frances Lee McCain" }, { "id": "13465424", "text": "The ending takes a bit of a twist, though, when it turns out that Mary is Felice's birth mother, who had given her up for adoption. The movie incorporates a little extra magic with \"governor\" Les Turner whom Felice thinks is Santa Claus. Mary Christmas (film) Mary Christmas is a 2002 American Christmas movie written by Stanley M. Brooks and Betty G. Birney. It was directed by and stars John Schneider. Joel Wallace (Schneider), is a widower raising a daughter, Felice (Jenna Boyd). In her Christmas letter to Santa Claus, Felice wishes for a new mother for Christmas. The letter", "title": "Mary Christmas (film)" }, { "id": "3981782", "text": "Madge Blake Madge Blake (née Cummings; May 31, 1899 – February 19, 1969) was an American character actress best remembered for her roles as Larry Mondello's mother, Margaret Mondello, on the CBS/ABC sitcom \"Leave it to Beaver\", as Flora MacMichael on the ABC/CBS sitcom \"The Real McCoys\", and as Aunt Harriet Cooper in 96 episodes of ABC's \"Batman\". Gene Kelly had a special affection for her and included her in each of his films following her role in \"An American in Paris\". Blake was born in Kinsley in Edwards County, south-central Kansas, to Albert Cummings and the former Alice Stone.", "title": "Madge Blake" }, { "id": "4210321", "text": "Company's 20th Annual Young Playwrights Festival at the Stella Adler Theatre. In December 2012, she played Marla Sokoloff's character's mother in the ION Television original movie, \"A Christmas Wedding Date\". She played Linda, a mother whose young adult son has terminal cancer, in the 2013 film, \"Reach\". Hicks was one of the eight actresses in the Showtime documentary, \"That Gal... Who Was in That Thing\" (2015), as she shared her experiences and challenges of being a female actor. Hicks was engaged to journalist Jeff Silverman in the mid-1980s, but the engagement ended. She met her future husband, special effects make-up", "title": "Catherine Hicks" }, { "id": "3404306", "text": "John Pasquin John Pasquin (born November 30, 1944) is an American director of film, television and theatre. An alum of Beloit College and Carnegie Mellon University, Pasquin began directing Broadway theatre plays in the early 1980s. He moved on to television, directing episodes of the series \"Family Ties\", \"Growing Pains\", \"Alice\", \"Newhart\" and \"Roseanne\". His producing debut came in 1991 with the sitcom \"Home Improvement\" starring Tim Allen, also directing a number of episodes of the series. He also directed Allen in the films \"The Santa Clause\" (1994), also his feature film directing debut, \"Jungle 2 Jungle\" (1997) and \"Joe", "title": "John Pasquin" }, { "id": "2969757", "text": "Jane Wyatt Jane Waddington Wyatt (August 12, 1910 – October 20, 2006) was an American actress. She starred in a number of Hollywood films, but is likely best known for her role as the housewife and mother Margaret Anderson on the CBS and NBC television comedy series, \"Father Knows Best\", and as Amanda Grayson, the human mother of Spock on the science-fiction television series \"\". Wyatt was a three-time Emmy Award-winner. Wyatt was born on August 12, 1910, in Mahwah, New Jersey, but raised in Manhattan. Her father, Christopher Billopp Wyatt, Jr., was a Wall Street investment banker, and her", "title": "Jane Wyatt" }, { "id": "7284292", "text": "Clarice Taylor Clarice Taylor (September 20, 1917 – May 30, 2011) was an American stage, film and television actress. Born in Buckingham County, Virginia but raised in Harlem, New York, Taylor was best known for her recurring role on television on \"The Cosby Show\" as Dr. Heathcliff \"Cliff\" Huxtable's (Bill Cosby) mother, Anna Huxtable. She was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1986 for the role. She was also a regular on \"Nurse\", played Harriet on \"Sesame Street\", and appeared as Grady's cousin Emma on \"Sanford and Son\". Taylor started working in the theatre—with the American Negro Theatre—at a time", "title": "Clarice Taylor" }, { "id": "4076256", "text": "Madge Sinclair Madge Dorita Sinclair (née Walters; 28 April 1938 or 1940 – 20 December 1995) was a Jamaican actress, best known for her roles in \"Cornbread, Earl and Me\" (1975), \"Coming to America\" (1988), \"Trapper John, M.D.\" (1980-1986), and the ABC TV miniseries \"Roots\" (1977). Sinclair also voiced the character of Sarabi, Mufasa's wife and Simba's mother, in the animated feature film \"The Lion King\". Sinclair won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Drama Series for her role as Empress Josephine in \"Gabriel's Fire\" in 1991. Born Madge Dorita Walters in Kingston, Jamaica to Jamaican parents", "title": "Madge Sinclair" }, { "id": "5747952", "text": "dance party, where Cornelia and Joe have been adopted by Santa, his wife and his elves; the film ends showing that B.Z., in spite of his pleas for help, is doomed to float into the depths of space, among the remains of the Patchmobile -which were affected by the explosion- as the end credits roll. Conceived by Ilya Salkind in the wake of the apparently waning critical and U.S. box office success of 1983's \"Superman III\" and its immediate follow-up, 1984's \"Supergirl\", \"Santa Claus: The Movie\" was directed by Jeannot Szwarc, who had directed \"Supergirl\", from a story by David", "title": "Santa Claus: The Movie" }, { "id": "16167177", "text": "The Story of Santa Claus The Story of Santa Claus is a 1996 animated television special directed by Toby Bluth. It features the voices of Ed Asner, Betty White, and Tim Curry. The special presents an origin story for Santa Claus, who is depicted as a man named Nicholas Claus who wishes to give every child in the world a gift for Christmas. The elves of the North Pole become obligated to grant his wish, facing great obstacles. The story opens in \"Europe, a long time ago\". Nicholas Claus, nicknamed \"Santa\" by his wife Gretchen, is a toymaker who wishes", "title": "The Story of Santa Claus" }, { "id": "5333044", "text": "Leigh-Allyn Baker Leigh-Allyn Baker (born March 13, 1972) is an American actress and voice artist. She had recurring roles on \"Charmed\" and \"Will & Grace\", and a starring role as the matriarch Amy Duncan on the Disney Channel sitcom \"Good Luck Charlie\". She also provided the voice of Abby on the Nickelodeon animated series \"Back at the Barnyard\". Baker has done voice work in video games for the \"Star Trek\" and \"X-Men\" and guest starred in television shows such as \"That '70s Show\", \"Early Edition\", \"Yes, Dear\" and among other series. She also starred in the short-lived 1996 sitcom \"The", "title": "Leigh-Allyn Baker" }, { "id": "5815042", "text": "appearance came in the 1968 film \"Hang 'Em High\" where he portrays a store clerk with two spoken lines. He later acted in \"The In-Laws\". He directed \"The Santa Clause 2\" and \"\", as well as the Nia Vardalos film \"Connie and Carla\" and \"Tooth Fairy\". Lembeck now works as a full-time film and TV director. He won an Emmy for his work as a director on the \"Friends\", \"Mad About You\", and \"Friends\" episode \"The One After the Super Bowl\", and directed 20 other episodes of the series. Lembeck is married to his second wife, retired actress Lorna Patterson,", "title": "Michael Lembeck" }, { "id": "18216762", "text": "in the 1994 television film \"Without Consent\". In 1995, she appeared in \"The Big Green\" and in 1996 in \"\" and \"The Whole Wide World\" as the mother of Renée Zellweger. She has also appeared on the series \"Walker, Texas Ranger\" and in Robert Altman's \"Dr. T & the Women\". In 2014, Villari's film \"Boyhood\" by Richard Linklater opened at the Sundance Film Festival. She plays the mother of Patricia Arquette's character in the film. On stage she has acted in several productions with the Stage West Theatre Company, including her breakout role as Honey Bruce in \"Lenny\", and with", "title": "Libby Villari" }, { "id": "1559200", "text": "canceled after one season. In 1970, her name was listed as the voice of Tanta Kringle, in \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\". However the voice was really Joan Gardner. In 1974, Booth provided the voice for the character of Mrs. Claus in the animated television special \"The Year Without a Santa Claus\". It was Booth's final acting role after which she retired to her home in Cape Cod. On November 23, 1929, Booth married Ed Gardner, who later gained fame as the creator and host of the radio series \"Duffy's Tavern\". They divorced in 1942. She married United States", "title": "Shirley Booth" }, { "id": "8109259", "text": "Alley Mills Allison \"Alley\" Mills (born May 9, 1951), also known as Alley Bean, is an American actress best known for her role as Norma Arnold, the mother in the coming-of-age series \"The Wonder Years\", and her current role as Pamela Douglas, the sister of the late Forrester matriarch Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery), on the soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Mills was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her father, Ted Mills, a television executive, died in August 2003. Her stepmother, Genevieve, whose real name was Ginette Marguerite Auger, died in March 2004. Alley's mother, Joan (Paterson) Mills Kerr, an", "title": "Alley Mills" }, { "id": "4085049", "text": "Melina León Melina León (born 12 July 1973 as Yamillette Aponte Yunqué in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican merengue singer and actress. From an early age she performed with several groups including \"The Rubi\", \"Girls of Puerto Rico\" and \"The Cherries\", with whom she appeared in several San Juan hotels. Her first recording, \"Mujeres Liberadas\", appeared in 1997 on the Tropix Music label. This was followed in 1998 with a Sony release, \"Con Los Pies Sobre La Tierra\". By 2003 she was also performing as an actress on television movies such as: \"Yo Creo en Santa Claus\"", "title": "Melina León" }, { "id": "464833", "text": "film \"Santa Claus Story\" (1945), and an Emmy Award-winning animated television special aired in 1974 on ABC, animated by Bill Meléndez (who had worked on various \"Peanuts\" specials). In 1991, it was adapted into a made-for-TV movie starring Richard Thomas and Charles Bronson. The movie was a highly fictionalized account. In 1996, the story was adapted into an eponymous holiday musical by David Kirchenbaum (music and lyrics) and Myles McDonnel (book). The last two paragraphs of Church's editorial are read by actor Sam Elliott in the 1989 film \"Prancer\", about Jessica Riggs, a little girl who believes the wounded reindeer", "title": "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" } ]

[ "Phil Kiko" ]

[ { "id": "6683586", "text": "Trump, the winner of the 2016 presidential election, is serving as the 45th President of the United States. Leadership in the Senate includes Republican Vice President Mike Pence, Republican President Pro Tempore Orrin Hatch, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, and Minority Leader Chuck Schumer. Leadership in the House includes Speaker of the House Paul Ryan, Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, and Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi. In the 115th United States Congress, both the House of Representatives and the Senate are controlled by the Republican Party. The Senate consists of 51 Republicans, and 47 Democrats with 2 Independents who caucus with the Democrats;", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "9709926", "text": "Mike Pence, likewise holds a leadership role as both the second-highest executive officer as well as being the President of the Senate. The legislative branch, otherwise known as the United States Congress, is made up of the upper chamber, the Senate, and the lower chamber, the House of Representatives, with party-elected leaders in each. The leader of the party with most the representation (sometimes called the party-in-power) in each case is known as the majority leader, whereas the leader of the opposing party with the most members is known as the minority leader. Party leaders in the United States Senate", "title": "Party leader" }, { "id": "14925663", "text": "of major House committees: Major Senate committees Major House committees At the beginning of each two-year Congress, the House of Representatives elects a speaker. The speaker does not normally preside over debates, but is, rather, the leader of the majority party in the House. The Vice President of the United States is, ex officio, President of the Senate. The Senate also elects a President pro tempore. For decades the person elected has been the most senior member of the majority party in the Senate, and has held office until he or she ceases to be a senator or a new", "title": "Structure of the United States Congress" }, { "id": "13947689", "text": "is the Secretary of the Senate, who maintains public records, disburses salaries, monitors the acquisition of stationery and supplies, and oversees clerks. The Assistant Secretary of the Senate aids the secretary's work. Another official is the Sergeant at Arms who, as the Senate's chief law enforcement officer, maintains order and security on the Senate premises. The Capitol Police handle routine police work, with the sergeant at arms primarily responsible for general oversight. Other employees include the Chaplain, who is elected by the Senate, and Pages, who are appointed. The Senate uses Standing Rules for operation. Like the House of Representatives,", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "434130", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States. The legislature consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 435 representatives and 100 senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members representing Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the District of", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "id": "564980", "text": "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, \"de facto\" leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated", "title": "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "9709927", "text": "have been elected by popular vote since 1913. They currently include President of the Senate Mike Pence, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate Orrin Hatch, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senate Majority Whip John Cornyn on the Republican side, and Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer, Senate Minority Whip Dick Durbin. The Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in the House by secret ballot. The Republican Party is currently represented in the House by Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy and Majority Whip Steve Scalise, whereas the Democratic Party is represented", "title": "Party leader" }, { "id": "19075938", "text": "House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives, and is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President pro tempore of the United States Senate. Though the Constitution does not require that the Speaker be an elected member of the House of Representatives, every Speaker to date has been elected from House membership. The 435 members of the House of Representatives elect a Speaker by majority rule at the beginning of each session of the United States Congress, who serves until the end of", "title": "October 2015 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election" }, { "id": "565021", "text": "Congress assembled to count electoral votes and to certify the results of a presidential election. The Speaker is also responsible for overseeing the officers of the House: the Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, the Chief Administrative Officer, and the Chaplain. The Speaker can dismiss any of these officers. The Speaker appoints the House Historian and the General Counsel and, jointly with the Majority and Minority Leaders, appoints the House Inspector General. The Speaker is second in the presidential line of succession, immediately after the Vice President, under the Presidential Succession Act of 1947. The Speaker is followed in the line of succession", "title": "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "3384949", "text": "confidant of President Harry Truman; Carl Loeffler and J. Mark Trice, secretaries during the Eightieth and Eighty-third congresses; and Walter J. Stewart, secretary from 1987 to 1994. Secretary of the United States Senate The Secretary of the Senate is an elected officer of the United States Senate. The Secretary supervises an extensive array of offices and services to expedite the day-to-day operations of that body. The office is somewhat analogous to that of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. The first secretary was chosen on April 8, 1789, two days after the Senate achieved its first quorum", "title": "Secretary of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "13947654", "text": "majority of electors for Vice President, the duty falls to the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House. The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms, smaller size, and statewide constituencies, which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere. The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States, who is President of the Senate. In the", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "600729", "text": "current term, January 3, 2019. Iowa Republican Chuck Grassley is likely to succeed Orrin Hatch as the President pro tempore, when the 116th United States Congress convenes, assuming the Senate continues with the tradition of electing the longest-serving member of the majority party. Although the position is in some ways analogous to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the powers of the president pro tempore are far more limited. In the Senate, most power rests with party leaders and individual senators, but as the chamber's presiding officer, the president pro tempore is authorized to perform certain duties in the", "title": "President pro tempore of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "600728", "text": "of another. This tradition has been observed without interruption since 1949. Since enactment of the current Presidential Succession Act in 1947, the president pro tempore is third in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and ahead of the Secretary of State. The current President pro tempore of the Senate is Utah Republican Orrin Hatch. Elected on January 6, 2015, he is the 90th person to serve in this office. On January 2, 2018, Hatch announced that he will retire from the Senate at the end of his", "title": "President pro tempore of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "573363", "text": "and none beyond the presiding role. For these reasons, it is the Majority Leader who, in practice, manages the Senate. This is in contrast to the House of Representatives where the elected Speaker of the House has a great deal of discretionary power and generally presides over votes on bills. The Democratic Party first selected a leader in 1920. The Republican Party first formally designated a leader in 1925. Party leaders of the United States Senate The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. These leaders", "title": "Party leaders of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "12503521", "text": "who are sent to trial before the Senate, and in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for President, the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office, with one vote given to each state for that purpose. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party. The Speaker and other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference, depending on whichever party has more voting members.", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "13947652", "text": "United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The Senate is composed of senators, each of whom represents a single state in its entirety, with each state being equally represented by two senators, regardless of its population, serving staggered terms of six years; with 50 states currently in the Union, there are 100 U.S. Senators. From 1789 until", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "434179", "text": "identify problems. They propose solutions for consideration by the full chamber. In addition, they perform the function of \"oversight\" by monitoring the executive branch and investigating wrongdoing. At the start of each two-year session the House elects a speaker who does not normally preside over debates but serves as the majority party's leader. In the Senate, the Vice President is the ex officio \"president\" of the Senate. In addition, the Senate elects an officer called the President pro tempore. \"Pro tempore\" means \"for the time being\" and this office is usually held by the most senior member of the Senate's", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "id": "564981", "text": "to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates. The Constitution does not require the Speaker to be an elected member of the House of Representatives, although every Speaker thus far has been. The Speaker is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President \"pro tempore\" of the Senate. The current House Speaker is Congressman Paul Ryan from Wisconsin. He was elected to the office on October 29, 2015, and is the 54th person to serve as Speaker. On April 11,", "title": "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "434180", "text": "majority party and customarily keeps this position until there's a change in party control. Accordingly, the Senate does not necessarily elect a new president pro tempore at the beginning of a new Congress. In both the House and Senate, the actual presiding officer is generally a junior member of the majority party who is appointed so that new members become acquainted with the rules of the chamber. The Library of Congress was established by an act of Congress in 1800. It is primarily housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill, but also includes several other sites: the National Library Service", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "id": "12503566", "text": "is also a Sergeant at Arms, who as the House's chief law enforcement officer maintains order and security on House premises. Finally, routine police work is handled by the United States Capitol Police, which is supervised by the Capitol Police Board, a body to which the Sergeant at Arms belongs, and chairs in even-numbered years. Like the Senate, the House of Representatives meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. At one end of the chamber of the House is a rostrum from which the Speaker, Speaker Pro Tempore, or (when in the Committee of the Whole) the Chair", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "3384940", "text": "Secretary of the United States Senate The Secretary of the Senate is an elected officer of the United States Senate. The Secretary supervises an extensive array of offices and services to expedite the day-to-day operations of that body. The office is somewhat analogous to that of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. The first secretary was chosen on April 8, 1789, two days after the Senate achieved its first quorum for business at the beginning of the 1st United States Congress. From the start, the secretary was responsible for keeping the minutes and records of the Senate,", "title": "Secretary of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "12503564", "text": "Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. The House is also served by several officials who are not members. The House's chief such officer is the Clerk, who maintains public records, prepares documents, and oversees junior officials, including pages, until the discontinuation of the House pages in 2011. The Clerk also presides over the House at the beginning of each new Congress pending the election of a Speaker. Another officer is the Chief Administrative Officer, responsible for the day-to-day administrative support to the House of Representatives. This includes everything from", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "145367", "text": "within the Senate. The Floor Leaders are referred to as the Senate Majority Leader, who belongs to the party with the most Senators, and the Senate Minority Leader, who belongs to the other major party. Similar positions exist in the United States House of Representatives, except that role of majority leader normally goes to the second-highest member of the leadership of the majority party, because it traditionally elects its party leader to the position of speaker. Floor leader Floor Leaders, also known as a caucus leader, are leaders of their political parties in a body of a legislature. In the", "title": "Floor leader" }, { "id": "1772300", "text": "over the plenary assembly of the Senate, guides and controls debates in the assembly, is responsible for ensuring the democratic functioning of the Senate, maintains order and security in the assembly and for enforcing the Rules of the Senate, and represents the Senate at both the national (to the other institutions) and the international level. The President of the Senate, together with the President of the Chamber of Representatives, ranks immediately behind the King in the order of precedence. The elder of the two takes the second place in the order of precedence. The Presidents of the Senate and the", "title": "President of the Senate" }, { "id": "573360", "text": "of the Senate, if there is no floor leader present, the whip may become acting floor leader. Before 1969, the official titles were Majority Whip and Minority Whip. The Senate is currently composed of 51 Republicans, 47 Democrats, and 2 independents, both of whom caucus with the Democrats. The current leaders are Senators Mitch McConnell (R) from Kentucky and Chuck Schumer (D) from New York. The current Assistant Leaders/Whips are Senators John Cornyn (R) from Texas and Dick Durbin (D) from Illinois. Democrats began the practice of electing floor leaders in 1920 while they were in the minority. John W.", "title": "Party leaders of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "12503592", "text": "Aaron Burr. In 1824, it elected John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson and William H. Crawford. (If no vice-presidential candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes, the Senate elects the Vice President from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes.) United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they comprise the legislature of the United States. The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "13947679", "text": "\"senior senator\" is Bill Cassidy of Louisiana, who was sworn in January 3, 2015, and is currently 79th in seniority, ahead of senator John Neely Kennedy who was sworn in January 3, 2017, and is currently 95th in seniority. With the 116th Congress, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, who will be sworn in on January 3, 2019, will become the most-junior \"senior senator\", ahead of Martha McSally, who was appointed to replace retiring Jon Kyl . McSally will be sworn in after Sinema on January 3, 2019 . The Senate may expel a senator by a two-thirds vote. Fifteen senators have", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "8602711", "text": "Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives The Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives (CAO) is the chief administrative officer of the United States House of Representatives, charged with carrying out administrative functions for the House, including human resources, information resources, payroll, finance, procurement, and other business services. Along with the other House officers, the Chief Administrative Officer is elected every two years when the House organizes for a new Congress. The majority and minority party conferences (the Democratic Caucus of the United States House of Representatives and Republican Conference of the United", "title": "Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "12503547", "text": "a presidential candidate fails to get a majority of the Electoral College votes. The Senate and House are further differentiated by term lengths and the number of districts represented: the Senate has longer terms of six years, fewer members (currently one hundred, two for each state), and (in all but seven delegations) larger constituencies per member. The Senate is informally referred to as the \"upper\" house, and the House of Representatives as the \"lower\" house. , the annual salary of each Representative is $174,000. The Speaker of the House and the Majority and Minority Leaders earn more: $223,500 for the", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "12503519", "text": "United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they comprise the legislature of the United States. The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "13947688", "text": "ruling on points of order (objections by senators that a rule has been breached, subject to appeal to the whole chamber); and announcing the results of votes. Each party elects Senate party leaders. Floor leaders act as the party chief spokesmen. The Senate Majority Leader is responsible for controlling the agenda of the chamber by scheduling debates and votes. Each party elects an assistant leader (whip) who works to ensure that his party's senators vote as the party leadership desires. In addition to the Vice President, the Senate has several officers who are not members. The Senate's chief administrative officer", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "18355429", "text": "the outgoing Vice President (last in 1945) 12 times, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (last in 2017) 9 times, the Chief Justice of the United States (last in 2001) 6 times, U.S. Senators that are not President Pro Tempore of the Senate (last in 1969) 5 times, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (last in 2005) 4 times, a US judge twice, and a US Consul once with one time being unrecorded. Former Chief Justice Warren E. Burger has given the oath the most times with three. Of the 59 times", "title": "Oath of office of the Vice President of the United States" }, { "id": "8077291", "text": "Presiding Officer of the United States Senate The Presiding Officer of the United States Senate is the person who presides over the United States Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices, and precedents. Senate presiding officer is a role, not an actual office. The actual role is usually performed by one of three officials: the Vice President; an elected United States Senator; or, in special cases, the Chief Justice. Outside the constitutionally mandated roles, the actual appointment of a person to do the job of presiding over the", "title": "Presiding Officer of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "13947719", "text": "However, courts have upheld the validity of such agreements. The Constitution empowers the House of Representatives to impeach federal officials for \"Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors\" and empowers the Senate to try such impeachments. If the sitting President of the United States is being tried, the Chief Justice of the United States presides over the trial. During an impeachment trial, senators are constitutionally required to sit on oath or affirmation. Conviction requires a two-thirds majority of the senators present. A convicted official is automatically removed from office; in addition, the Senate may stipulate that the defendant be", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "16285500", "text": "private-sector members of the Council are appointed by the President. They serve, \"at the pleasure of the President,\" with no set term of office. Five United States Senators and five members of the House of Representatives are appointed to the Council by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House, respectively. The Secretaries of Commerce, Labor, Agriculture, Treasury, State, and Homeland Security; the Chairman of the Export-Import Bank of the United States; the U.S. Trade Representative; and the Administrator of the Small Business Administration are also members of the Council. President's Export Council The President's Export Council", "title": "President's Export Council" }, { "id": "6696852", "text": "meetings, the person presiding is said to be \"in the chair\" and is also referred to as \"the chair\". Parliamentary procedure requires that members address the \"chair\" as \"Mr. (or Madam) Chairman (or Chair or Chairperson)\" rather than using a name – one of many customs intended to maintain the presiding officer's impartiality and to ensure an objective and impersonal approach. In the United States, the presiding officer of the lower house of a legislative body, such as the House of Representatives, is frequently titled the \"Speaker\", while the upper house, such as the Senate, is commonly chaired by a", "title": "Chairman" }, { "id": "1772315", "text": "U.S. federal government was established in 1789. The vice president with the most tie breaking votes is John Adams (served 1789–1797) with 29. The current Vice President Mike Pence, in office since January 2017, has cast seven tie-breaking votes. In state governments of the United States, the presiding officer of the state senate (the upper house) is a matter decided by the state's constitution. Some states designate the lieutenant governor as president of the senate, while in other states, the Senate elects its own president. The Tennessee Senate elects a senator Speaker of the Senate, who is given the title", "title": "President of the Senate" }, { "id": "10771595", "text": "114th United States Congress The One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this", "title": "114th United States Congress" }, { "id": "4199827", "text": "Majority leader In U.S. politics, the majority floor leader is a partisan position in a legislative body. In the federal Congress, the role of the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives and the Majority Leader of the United States Senate differ slightly. In the United States Senate, the majority leader is the chief spokesperson for the majority party, as the president of the Senate is also the Vice-President of the United States, and the President pro tempore, though technically a substitute for the president of the Senate, is in reality a largely ceremonial position (albeit powerful nonetheless,", "title": "Majority leader" }, { "id": "573359", "text": "recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate. The Majority Leader customarily serves as the chief representative of their party in the Senate, and sometimes even in all of Congress if the House of Representatives and thus the office of Speaker of the House is controlled by the opposition party. The Assistant Majority and Minority Leaders of the United States Senate (commonly called Senate Majority and Minority Whips) are the second-ranking members of each party's leadership. The main function of the Majority and Minority Whips is to gather votes on major issues. Because they are the second ranking members", "title": "Party leaders of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "201621", "text": "governing the order of business. At the federal level, the impeachment process is a two-step procedure. The House of Representatives must first pass, by a simple majority of those present and voting, articles of impeachment, which constitute the formal allegation or allegations. Upon passage, the defendant has been \"impeached\". Next, the Senate tries the accused. In the case of the impeachment of a president, the Chief Justice of the United States presides over the proceedings. For the impeachment of any other official, the Constitution is silent on who shall preside, suggesting that this role falls to the Senate's usual presiding", "title": "Impeachment" }, { "id": "14418292", "text": "Floor Services Chief The Floor Services Chief is the title of the staff member in the Speaker's or Majority Leader's office who runs the Majority cloakroom in the United States House of Representatives. The current Floor Services Chief is Timothy J. Harroun, appointed by Republican Speaker John Boehner. His predecessor is Barry K. Sullivan, who was appointed by Democratic Speaker Nancy Pelosi. Sullivan's predecessor was Harroun, who was appointed by Republican Speaker Dennis Hastert. When Harroun is Floor Services Chief, Sullivan is Minority Cloakroom Manager. Similarly, when Sullivan was Floor Services Chief, Harroun was Minority Cloakroom Manager. The position is", "title": "Floor Services Chief" }, { "id": "565024", "text": "recent election for the post of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives took place on January 3, 2017, during the opening day of the 115th United States Congress. The incumbent speaker, Paul Ryan, was re-elected. The next election for the post of speaker is scheduled to take place on January 3, 2019, when the incoming 116th United States Congress convenes. The two official candidates for the office are: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789", "title": "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "16376174", "text": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Party leaders and whips of the United States House of Representatives, also known as floor leaders, are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door caucus by secret ballot. With the Republicans holding a majority of seats and the Democrats holding a minority, the current leaders are: Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, Majority Whip Steve Scalise, Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, and Minority Whip Steny Hoyer. Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of", "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "4383316", "text": "floor. During Lyndon Baines Johnson's tenure as Senate leader, the leader gained new powers over committee assignments. In 1971 Paulette Desell was appointed by Senator Jacob K. Javits as the Senate's first female page. In 2009 Kathie Alvarez became the Senate's first female legislative clerk. History of the United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. Like its counterpart, the Senate was established by the United States Constitution and convened", "title": "History of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "3877957", "text": "and supplies, and oversees clerks. The Secretary automatically presides over the House in the interim, once the term of the incumbent Speaker is finished, but before the House elects a new Speaker. Another official is the Serjeant-at-Arms of the House who maintains order and security on the Senate premises as the Senate's chief law enforcement officer. This officers are elected by the Senate, usually during its inaugural session, immediately after the election of the body's. The current Secretary is Manuel A. Torres while the current Serjeant At Arms is William Sánchez-Tosado. The current session is the 29th House of Representatives", "title": "House of Representatives of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "3384942", "text": "secretary's responsibilities include both legislative and administrative functions. Today, by agreement of the two parties, the Majority Leader selects the Secretary of the Senate, and the election is merely ceremonial. The current secretary (for the 115th United States Congress) is Julie E. Adams. The secretary regularly accompanies the chaplain into the Senate chamber for the opening of the day's session and a seat beside the presiding officer is reserved for the secretary. Every act passed by the Senate is examined and signed by the secretary. In certain parliamentary circumstances, the secretary may also preside over the Senate. The most recent", "title": "Secretary of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "2300089", "text": "Patrick Leahy Patrick Joseph Leahy (; born March 31, 1940) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Vermont, a seat to which he was first elected in 1974. A member of the Democratic Party, Leahy held the position of President pro tempore of the United States Senate from December 17, 2012, to January 6, 2015, and was thus during that time third in the presidential line of succession. Now in his eighth six-year term of office, he is currently (since the December 2012 death of Daniel Inouye) the most senior member of the Senate, and", "title": "Patrick Leahy" }, { "id": "341993", "text": "addition to the papers of Congressmen Harley O. Staggers Sr. and Harley O. Staggers Jr. and Scot Faulkner, the first Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives. The CLS is a founding institution of the Association of Centers for the Study of Congress, \"an independent alliance of organizations and institutions which promote the study of the U.S. Congress.\" Robert Byrd Robert Carlyle Byrd (born Cornelius Calvin Sale Jr.; November 20, 1917June 28, 2010) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from West Virginia for over 51 years, from 1959 until his death in", "title": "Robert Byrd" }, { "id": "12503560", "text": "consider bills. Each party elects a floor leader, who is known as the Majority Leader or Minority Leader. The Minority Leader heads their party in the House, and the Majority Leader is their party's second-highest-ranking official, behind the Speaker. Party leaders decide what legislation members of their party should either support or oppose. Each party also elects a Whip, who works to ensure that the party's members vote as the party leadership desires. The current majority whip in the House of Representatives is Steve Scalise, who is a member of the Republican Party. The current minority whip is Steny Hoyer,", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "20669660", "text": "did not run for re-election to the House. The Democratic caucus assuming control of the House in January will have a preponderance of voting influence in selecting the next Speaker. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives, and is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President pro tempore of the United States Senate. Though the Constitution does not require that the Speaker be an elected member of the House of Representatives, every Speaker to date has", "title": "2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election" }, { "id": "3384941", "text": "including the records of senators' election, and for receiving and transmitting official messages to and from the President and the House of Representatives, as well as for purchasing supplies. As the Senate grew to become a major national institution, numerous other duties were assigned to the secretary, whose jurisdiction now encompasses clerks, curators, and computers; disbursement of payrolls; acquisition of stationery supplies; education of the Senate pages; and the maintenance of public records. Today, the secretary coordinates two of the largest technology initiatives in Senate history, both designed to bring state-of-the-art efficiency to management of legislative and financial information. The", "title": "Secretary of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "13947686", "text": "legislation or nomination, or when a tie vote on an important issue is anticipated. The Constitution authorizes the Senate to elect a president pro tempore (Latin for \"president for a time\") who presides over the chamber in the vice president's absence, and is, by custom, the senator of the majority party with the longest record of continuous service. Like the vice president, the president pro tempore does not normally preside over the Senate, but typically delegates the responsibility of presiding to a majority-party senator who presides over the Senate, usually in blocks of one hour on a rotating basis. Frequently,", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "2305647", "text": "by the United States Constitution. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives presides over the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives, while the Vice President of the United States formally presides over the upper house, the Senate. In practise, the Vice President does not have a day presence in Congress given their responsibilities in the Executive branch, and in their absence, the role is delegated to the most Senior member of the majority party, the President pro tempore of the United States Senate. In the forty-nine states that have a bicameral legislature, the highest position in", "title": "Speaker (politics)" }, { "id": "225800", "text": "Agriculture. Kentucky's legislative branch consists of a bicameral body known as the Kentucky General Assembly. The Senate is considered the upper house. It has 38 members, and is led by the President of the Senate, currently Robert Stivers (R). The House of Representatives has 100 members, and is led by the Speaker of the House, currently David Osborne of the Republican Party. In November 2016, Republicans won control of the House for the first time since 1922, and currently have supermajorities in both the House and Senate. The judicial branch of Kentucky is called the Kentucky Court of Justice and", "title": "Kentucky" }, { "id": "435705", "text": "and agreements with foreign entities, and representing the United States at the United Nations. It is led by the Secretary of State, a member of the Cabinet who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. In addition to administering the Department, the Secretary of State serves as the nation's chief diplomat and representative abroad. The Secretary of State is the first Cabinet official in the order of precedence and in the presidential line of succession, after the Vice President of the United States, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and President pro tempore of the Senate. The", "title": "United States Department of State" }, { "id": "12503546", "text": "his conviction for corruption. The House also has the power to formally censure or reprimand its members; censure or reprimand of a member requires only a simple majority, and does not remove that member from office. As a check on the regional, popular, and rapidly changing politics of the House, the Senate has several distinct powers. For example, the \"advice and consent\" powers (such as the power to approve treaties) are a sole Senate privilege. The House, however, has the exclusive power to initiate bills for raising revenue, to impeach officials, and to choose the President in the event that", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "8077294", "text": "By tradition, the title of \"President pro tempore\" has come to be given more-or-less automatically to the most senior senator of the majority party. In actual practice in the modern Senate, the president pro tempore also does not often serve in the role (though it is their constitutional right to do so). Instead, as governed by Rule I, they frequently designate a junior senator to perform the function. When the Senate hears an impeachment trial of the President of the United States, by the procedure established in the Constitution, the Chief Justice is designated as the presiding officer. The Constitution", "title": "Presiding Officer of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "2442570", "text": "Paul Ryan Paul Davis Ryan Jr. (born January 29, 1970) is an American politician serving since 2015 as the 54th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He was the 2012 vice presidential nominee of the Republican Party, running alongside Mitt Romney. Ryan, a native of Janesville, Wisconsin, graduated from Miami University in 1992. He spent five years working for Republicans in Washington, D.C. and returned to Wisconsin in 1997 to work at his family's construction company. He successfully ran for Congress to represent the following year, replacing an incumbent Republican who ran for Senate. Ryan would represent the", "title": "Paul Ryan" }, { "id": "1772313", "text": "A Vice-President of the Senate is also elected from among the senators. The current President of the Senate is Christine Kangaloo. The Vice President of the United States is assigned the responsibility of presiding over the Senate and designated as its president by the United States Constitution. The vice president, as President of the Senate, has the authority (\"ex officio\", for he or she is not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a tie-breaking vote. Other than this, the rules of the Senate grant its president very little power (in contrast to the powerful office of Speaker of", "title": "President of the Senate" }, { "id": "565011", "text": "goal, the Speaker may use their power to determine when each bill reaches the floor. They also chair the majority party's steering committee in the House. While the Speaker is the functioning head of the House majority party, the same is not true of the President \"pro tempore\" of the Senate, whose office is primarily ceremonial and honorary. When the Speaker and the President belong to the same party, the Speaker tends to play the role in a more ceremonial light, as seen when Dennis Hastert played a very low-key role during the presidency of fellow Republican George W. Bush.", "title": "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "13947711", "text": "in most cases as the ranking member. In the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Select Committee on Ethics, however, the senior minority member is known as the vice chair. Recent criticisms of the Senate's operations object to what the critics argue is obsolescence as a result of partisan paralysis and a preponderance of arcane rules. Bills may be introduced in either chamber of Congress. However, the Constitution's Origination Clause provides that \"All bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives\". As a result, the Senate does not have the power to initiate bills imposing taxes. Furthermore,", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "434134", "text": "impeachment cases, while the Senate decides impeachment cases. A two-thirds vote of the Senate is required before an impeached person can be forcibly removed from office. The term \"Congress\" can also refer to a particular meeting of the legislature. A Congress covers two years; the current one, the 115th Congress, began on January 3, 2017, and will end on January 3, 2019. The Congress starts and ends on the third day of January of every odd-numbered year. Members of the Senate are referred to as senators; members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives, congresswomen, or congressmen.", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "id": "4199830", "text": "States House of Representatives. The state senate president pro tempores are typically not ceremonial, but instead are more akin to the Majority Leader of the United States Senate. Majority leader In U.S. politics, the majority floor leader is a partisan position in a legislative body. In the federal Congress, the role of the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives and the Majority Leader of the United States Senate differ slightly. In the United States Senate, the majority leader is the chief spokesperson for the majority party, as the president of the Senate is also the Vice-President of", "title": "Majority leader" }, { "id": "13947684", "text": "of the desk's drawer. Except for the President of the Senate, the Senate elects its own officers, who maintain order and decorum, manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate, and interpret the Senate's rules, practices and precedents. Many non-member officers are also hired to run various day-to-day functions of the Senate. Under the Constitution, the Vice President serves as President of the Senate. He or she may vote in the Senate (\"ex officio\", for he or she is not an elected member of the Senate) in the case of a tie, but is not required to.", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "13101421", "text": "Thomas B. Griffith Thomas Beall Griffith (born July 5, 1954) is a federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Before his appointment to the bench he was Senate Legal Counsel, the chief legal officer of the United States Senate. In November 2011, Griffith was included on \"The New Republic\"s list of Washington's most powerful, but least famous, people. Griffith graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Brigham Young University (BYU) with a bachelor's degree in 1978 and served on the \"Virginia Law Review\" at the University of Virginia School of Law, where he received", "title": "Thomas B. Griffith" }, { "id": "12503520", "text": "total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty-three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single representative: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming. The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. In addition to this basic power, the House has certain exclusive powers which include the power to initiate all bills related to revenue, the impeachment of federal officers,", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "201591", "text": "Senate, selected members of the House of Representatives act as the prosecutors and the Senators act as judges with the Senate President presiding over the proceedings (the Chief Justice jointly presides with the Senate President if the President is on trial). Like the United States, to convict the official in question requires that a minimum of two thirds (i.e. 16 of 24 members) of all the Members of the Senate vote in favor of conviction. If an impeachment attempt is unsuccessful or the official is acquitted, no new cases can be filed against that impeachable official for at least one", "title": "Impeachment" }, { "id": "573358", "text": "Party leaders of the United States Senate The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for the political parties respectively holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate, and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their respective party caucuses, the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference. By rule, the Presiding Officer gives the Majority Leader priority in obtaining", "title": "Party leaders of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "13947714", "text": "the Senate may advise and must consent to some of the president's government appointments; also the Senate must consent to all treaties with foreign governments; it tries all impeachments, and it elects the vice president in the event no person gets a majority of the electoral votes. The president can make certain appointments only with the advice and consent of the Senate. Officials whose appointments require the Senate's approval include members of the Cabinet, heads of most federal executive agencies, ambassadors, Justices of the Supreme Court, and other federal judges. Under Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution, a large", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "12503563", "text": "the opposition\". Some notable examples include Tip O'Neill in the 1980s, Newt Gingrich in the 1990s, and John Boehner in the 2010s. Since the Speaker is a partisan officer with substantial power to control the business of the House, the position is often used for partisan advantage. In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally takes a low profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a \"de facto\" \"leader of the opposition\", often more so than the Senate", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "13947720", "text": "banned from holding office. No further punishment is permitted during the impeachment proceedings; however, the party may face criminal penalties in a normal court of law. The House of Representatives has impeached sixteen officials, of whom seven were convicted. (One resigned before the Senate could complete the trial.) Only two presidents of the United States have ever been impeached: Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998. Both trials ended in acquittal; in Johnson's case, the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction. Under the Twelfth Amendment, the Senate has the power to elect", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "593215", "text": "case the smaller chamber is called the Senate and is usually referred to as the upper house. This chamber typically, but not always, has the exclusive power to confirm appointments made by the governor and to try articles of impeachment. (In a few states, a separate Executive Council, composed of members elected from large districts, performs the confirmation function.) Members of the smaller chamber represent more citizens and usually serve for longer terms than members of the larger chamber, generally four years. In 41 states, the larger chamber is called the House of Representatives. Five states designate the larger chamber", "title": "State legislature (United States)" }, { "id": "12503589", "text": "to frustrate Presidential appointments, the Senate is more powerful than the House. The Constitution empowers the House of Representatives to impeach federal officials for \"Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors\" and empowers the Senate to try such impeachments. The House may approve \"articles of impeachment\" by a simple majority vote; however, a two-thirds vote is required for conviction in the Senate. A convicted official is automatically removed from office and may be disqualified from holding future office under the United States. No further punishment is permitted during the impeachment proceedings; however, the party may face criminal penalties in", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "4432255", "text": "by its President, a post held \"ex officio\" by the Lieutenant Governor. The Senate President has a casting vote in the event of a tie, but otherwise may not vote. More often, the Senate is presided over by the \"Temporary President\", a post which is normally also held by the Majority Leader. The Senate has one additional officer outside those who are elected by the people. The Secretary of the Senate is a post that is chosen by a majority vote of the senators, and does not have voting power (he/she is allowed, though officially discouraged, from discussing and negotiating", "title": "New York State Senate" }, { "id": "13947653", "text": "1913, Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, they are now popularly elected. The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C. As the upper house, the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it; these include the approval of treaties and the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries, Supreme Court justices, federal judges, other federal executive officials, flag officers, regulatory officials, ambassadors, and other federal uniformed officers. In addition to these, in cases wherein no candidate receives a", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "12503562", "text": "Committee. For the Republicans it is the Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee, followed by the Campaign Committee Chairman (styled as the National Republican Congressional Committee). The chairs of House committees, particularly influential standing committees such as Appropriations, Ways and Means, and Rules, are powerful but not officially part of House leadership hierarchy. Until the post of Majority Leader was created, the Chair of Ways and Means was the \"de facto\" majority leader. When the Presidency and Senate are controlled by a different party from the one controlling the House, the Speaker can become the \"de facto\" \"leader of", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "12503593", "text": "House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often called a \"Senate\". In some countries, the House of Representatives is the sole chamber of a unicameral legislature. The functioning of a house of representatives can vary greatly from country to country, and depends on whether a country has a parliamentary or a presidential system. Members of a House of Representatives are typically apportioned according to population rather than geography. The", "title": "House of Representatives" }, { "id": "2172668", "text": "Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. The presiding officer in the upper house is the President of the Senate. The office of Speaker was created by section 35 of the Constitution of Australia. The authors of the Constitution intended that the House of Representatives should as nearly as possible be modelled on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Speaker is the presiding officer of House of Representatives debates, determining which members may", "title": "Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives" }, { "id": "2326696", "text": "is first taken by voice vote, as is the case in Parliament. Then, any member may demand a division. If a division is demanded, then the Speaker of the House of Representatives (or, more commonly, a Representative of the majority party designated by the Speaker to preside as Speaker pro tempore) or the Presiding Officer of the Senate asks those voting \"Yea\" to rise and remain standing until counted, and then asks those voting \"Nay\" to do the same. A division is the least common method of voting in the Senate. (The Vice President of the United States is constitutionally", "title": "Division of the assembly" }, { "id": "8602712", "text": "States House of Representatives) nominate candidates for the House officer positions after the election of the Speaker of the House. The full House adopts a resolution to elect the officers, who will begin serving the Membership after they have taken the oath of office. The office of the CAO was first created during the 104th Congress, which met from January 3, 1995 to January 3, 1997. It replaced the position of the Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives, which was abolished at the same time. Scot Faulkner of West Virginia served as the first CAO. During his tenure", "title": "Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "8602714", "text": "table lists the CAO who began each Congress; Term of Service may end before the sitting Congress if they resigned early. Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives The Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives (CAO) is the chief administrative officer of the United States House of Representatives, charged with carrying out administrative functions for the House, including human resources, information resources, payroll, finance, procurement, and other business services. Along with the other House officers, the Chief Administrative Officer is elected every two years when the House organizes for a new Congress. The", "title": "Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "6376234", "text": "of the Senate, a closed session may be called by any Senator through a simple motion. Once the motion is seconded, the presiding officer of the Senate directs the Capitol Police to clear the public galleries of spectators, and close all doors of the chamber. The Senate floor will be cleared of all persons except the Senators and listed parliamentary officers, including the Secretary, the Sergeant at Arms, the Parliamentarian, and certain clerks. These officers are sworn to secrecy. All sitting Senators present are called to the floor, and they must surrender any electronic communications equipment including mobile phones and", "title": "Closed session of the United States Congress" }, { "id": "12503558", "text": "could be elected as Speaker with the support of a fraction of members of the majority party). Under the Presidential Succession Act (1947), the Speaker is second in the line of presidential succession behind the Vice President. The Speaker is the presiding officer of the House but does not preside over every debate. Instead, s/he delegates the responsibility of presiding to other members in most cases. The presiding officer sits in a chair in the front of the House chamber. The powers of the presiding officer are extensive; one important power is that of controlling the order in which members", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "18389927", "text": "to become Chief Financial Officer of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on December 1, 2017. His nomination was returned unconfirmed to the President by the U.S. Senate on January 3, 2018, under Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XXXI, paragraph 6. The nomination was resubmitted to the Senate on January 8, 2018. He was confirmed by voice vote on March 14, 2018. He took office on April 3, 2018. DeWit is 43 years old, currently residing in Peoria, Arizona with his wife, Marina and his three daughters. As a part of his election campaign, his family appeared", "title": "Jeff DeWit" }, { "id": "13947677", "text": "are fewer of them, and because they serve for longer terms, usually represent larger constituencies (the exception being House at-large districts, which similarly cover entire states), sit on more committees, and have more staffers. Far more senators have been nominees for the presidency than representatives. Furthermore, three senators (Warren Harding, John F. Kennedy, and Barack Obama) have been elected president while serving in the Senate, while only one Representative (James Garfield) has been elected president while serving in the House, though Garfield was also a Senator-designate at the time of his election to the Presidency, having been chosen by the", "title": "United States Senate" }, { "id": "1602830", "text": "laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers\". Members of the House and Senate are elected by first-past-the-post voting in every state except Louisiana and Georgia, which have runoffs. Congress has the power to remove the president, federal judges, and other federal officers from office. The House of Representatives and Senate have separate roles in this process. The House must first vote to \"impeach\" the official. Then, a trial is held in the Senate to decide whether the official should be removed from office. Although two presidents have been impeached by the House of", "title": "Federal government of the United States" }, { "id": "437973", "text": "the federal government, state governments have three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The chief executive of a state is its popularly elected governor, who typically holds office for a four-year term (although in some states the term is two years). Except for Nebraska, which has unicameral legislature, all states have a bicameral legislature, with the upper house usually called the Senate and the lower house called the House of Representatives, the House of Delegates, Assembly or something similar. In most states, senators serve four-year terms, and members of the lower house serve two-year terms. The constitutions of the various states", "title": "Politics of the United States" }, { "id": "1602828", "text": "of two senators from each state, regardless of population. There are currently 100 senators (2 from each of the 50 states), who each serve six-year terms. Approximately one-third of the Senate stands for election every two years. The House and Senate each have particular exclusive powers. For example, the Senate must approve (give \"advice and consent\" to) many important presidential appointments, including cabinet officers, federal judges (including nominees to the Supreme Court), department secretaries (heads of federal executive branch departments), U.S. military and naval officers, and ambassadors to foreign countries. All legislative bills for raising revenue must originate in the", "title": "Federal government of the United States" }, { "id": "434137", "text": "to the federal government of a congressional district by representatives and a state's at-large representation to the federal government by senators. Most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent. The historical records of the House of Representatives and the Senate are maintained by the Center for Legislative Archives, which is a part of the National Archives and Records Administration. Congress is directly responsible for the governing of the District of Columbia, the current seat of the federal government. The First Continental Congress was a gathering of representatives from twelve of the thirteen British", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "id": "12503565", "text": "payroll to foodservice. The position of Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) was created by the 104th Congress following the 1994 mid-term elections, replacing the positions of Doorkeeper and Director of Non-Legislative and Financial Services (created by the previous congress to administer the non-partisan functions of the House). The CAO also assumed some of the responsibilities of the House Information Services, which previously had been controlled directly by the Committee on House Administration, then headed by Representative Charlie Rose of North Carolina, along with the House \"Folding Room\". The Chaplain leads the House in prayer at the opening of the day. There", "title": "United States House of Representatives" }, { "id": "2323897", "text": "Orrin Hatch leaves office on January 3, 2019, Grassley will be the most senior Republican in the Senate. On November 14, 2018, Grassley was nominated by the Republicans to be President pro tempore of the United States Senate for the 116th United States Congress. Grassley was born in New Hartford, Iowa, the son of Ruth (née Corwin) and Louis Arthur Grassley, and raised on a farm. He graduated from the town high school. At Iowa State Teachers College (now the University of Northern Iowa), he earned a B.A. in 1955 and an M.A. in Political Science in 1956. During his", "title": "Chuck Grassley" }, { "id": "8077302", "text": "trials. It does not include Presidents pro tempore who presided over sessions temporarily during an absence of the Senate President, or junior senators designated by the President pro tempore to preside temporarily. Presiding Officer of the United States Senate The Presiding Officer of the United States Senate is the person who presides over the United States Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices, and precedents. Senate presiding officer is a role, not an actual office. The actual role is usually performed by one of three officials: the Vice", "title": "Presiding Officer of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "20516337", "text": "States Attorney pursuant to its authority under 28 U.S.C Section 546(d). Berman has the appointment indefinitely until someone is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. In August 2018, U.S. Representative Chris Collins and his son Cameron were arrested by the FBI and charged with insider trading and making false statements by Berman. Following the charges, House Speaker Paul Ryan kicked Collins off of the House Energy and Commerce Committee and Collins suspended his reelection campaign. In April 2018, the office of Berman issued a search warrant of the office and hotel room of Michael Cohen, former lawyer", "title": "Geoffrey Berman" }, { "id": "10771597", "text": "115th United States Congress The One Hundred Fifteenth United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It meets in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final weeks of Barack Obama's presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump's presidency. Several political scientists described the legislative accomplishments of this Congress as modest, considering that Congress and the Presidency were under unified Republican control. According to a contemporary study, \"House and Senate GOP majorities struggled to legislate:", "title": "115th United States Congress" }, { "id": "16105261", "text": "U.S. senator bibliography (congressional memoirs) This is a bibliography of U.S. congressional memoirs by former and current U.S. Senators. The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each U.S. state is represented by two senators, regardless of population. Senators serve staggered six-year terms. The chamber of the United States Senate is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.,", "title": "U.S. senator bibliography (congressional memoirs)" }, { "id": "8588149", "text": "one senator has served in the same previous role, length of time in that prior office is used to break the tie. For instance, Ben Cardin, Bernie Sanders, Sherrod Brown, Bob Casey, Bob Corker, Claire McCaskill, Amy Klobuchar, Sheldon Whitehouse and Jon Tester took office on January 3, 2007, and the first three senators mentioned had previously served in the House of Representatives. Cardin, having served 20 years, is more senior than Sanders, who served 16 years, who in turn is more senior than Brown who served 14 years. Casey, Corker, McCaskill, Klobuchar, Whitehouse, and Tester rank in that order", "title": "Seniority in the United States Senate" }, { "id": "600731", "text": "is the designated legal recipient of various reports to the Senate, including War Powers Act reports under which he or she, jointly with the speaker, may have the president call Congress back into session. The officeholder is an ex officio member of various boards and commissions. With the secretary and sergeant at arms, the president pro tempore maintains order in Senate portions of the Capitol and Senate buildings. The office of president pro tempore was established by the Constitution of the United States in 1789. The first president pro tempore, John Langdon, was elected on April 6 the same year.", "title": "President pro tempore of the United States Senate" }, { "id": "17759006", "text": "of Michigan establishes an appointed state treasurer. However, most appointed positions are specifically established by statute or executive order. Similar to the United States Constitution, the constitution of each state may require that the legislature choose officers. For example, Article II of the Pennsylvania Constitution requires that the Senate elect a President pro tempore, who presides over the senate when the Lieutenant Governor is absent, and that the House of Representatives elect a Speaker. In contrast, Article V of the Montana Constitution only requires that each house choose its own officers from among members of that house. In many states,", "title": "State constitutional officer" }, { "id": "6149753", "text": "History of the United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States Senate—the upper chamber—comprises the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. Like its counterpart, the House was established by the United States Constitution and convened for its first meeting on March 4, 1789 at Federal Hall in New York City. The history of this institution begins several years prior to that date, at the dawn of the American Revolutionary War. The First Continental Congress was a meeting of", "title": "History of the United States House of Representatives" } ]

[ "10th century CE", "6th century" ]

[ { "id": "246907", "text": "Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or medieval period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246915", "text": "dates are sometimes used in the outer parts of Europe. For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used. English historians often use the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 to mark the end of the period. For Spain, dates commonly used are the death of King Ferdinand II", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824378", "text": "Early Middle Ages The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, formerly sometimes referred to as the Dark Ages, are typically regarded as lasting from the 5th or 6th century to the 10th century CE. They marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history. The term \"Late Antiquity\" is used to emphasize elements of continuity with the Roman Empire, while \"Early Middle Ages\" is used to emphasize developments characteristic of the later medieval period. As such it overlaps with Late Antiquity, following the decline of the Western Roman Empire, and precedes the High Middle Ages (c. 10th to", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246909", "text": "in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th century. It covered much of Western Europe but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions: Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south. During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "5605941", "text": "Late Middle Ages The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD. The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern era (and, in much of Europe, the Renaissance). Around 1300, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it was before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246914", "text": "two. The \"Middle Ages\" first appears in Latin in 1469 as \"media tempestas\" or \"middle season\". In early usage, there were many variants, including \"medium aevum\", or \"middle age\", first recorded in 1604, and \"media saecula\", or \"middle ages\", first recorded in 1625. The alternative term \"medieval\" (or occasionally \"mediaeval\" or \"mediæval\") derives from \"medium aevum\". Tripartite periodisation became standard after the German 17th-century historian Christoph Cellarius divided history into three periods: ancient, medieval, and modern. The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is around 500, with the date of 476 first used by Bruni. Later starting", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "4074131", "text": "Italy in the Middle Ages The history of the Italian peninsula during the medieval period can be roughly defined as the time between the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the Italian Renaissance. Late Antiquity in Italy lingered on into the 7th century under the Ostrogothic Kingdom and the Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty, the Byzantine Papacy until the mid 8th century. The \"Middle Ages\" proper begin as the Byzantine Empire was weakening under the pressure of the Muslim conquests, and the Exarchate of Ravenna finally fell under Lombard rule in 751. Lombard rule ended with the invasion", "title": "Italy in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2744260", "text": "High Middle Ages The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that commenced around 1000 and lasted until around 1250. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and were followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention, ended around 1500. Key historical trends of the High Middle Ages include the rapidly increasing population of Europe, which brought about great social and political change from the preceding era, and the Renaissance of the 12th century, including the first developments of rural exodus and of urbanization. By 1250, the robust population", "title": "High Middle Ages" }, { "id": "164762", "text": "was stopped after the intervention of the Bulgarian Empire (see Han Tervel). The Middle Ages are commonly dated from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (or by some scholars, before that) in the 5th century to the beginning of the early modern period in the 16th century, marked by the rise of nation states, the division of Western Christianity in the Reformation, the rise of humanism in the Italian Renaissance, and the beginnings of European overseas expansion which allowed for the Columbian Exchange. Many consider Emperor Constantine I (reigned 306–337) to be the first \"Byzantine Emperor\". It was he", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "id": "246969", "text": "expanded and colonised throughout Europe. Besides the settlements in Ireland, England, and Normandy, further settlement took place in what became Russia and in Iceland. Swedish traders and raiders ranged down the rivers of the Russian steppe, and even attempted to seize Constantinople in 860 and 907. Christian Spain, initially driven into a small section of the peninsula in the north, expanded slowly south during the 9th and 10th centuries, establishing the kingdoms of Asturias and León. In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246916", "text": "in 1516, the death of Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1504, or the conquest of Granada in 1492. Historians from Romance-speaking countries tend to divide the Middle Ages into two parts: an earlier \"High\" and later \"Low\" period. English-speaking historians, following their German counterparts, generally subdivide the Middle Ages into three intervals: \"Early\", \"High\", and \"Late\". In the 19th century, the entire Middle Ages were often referred to as the \"Dark Ages\", but with the adoption of these subdivisions, use of this term was restricted to the Early Middle Ages, at least among historians. The Roman Empire reached its", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "4074169", "text": "Renaissance. Italy in the Middle Ages The history of the Italian peninsula during the medieval period can be roughly defined as the time between the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the Italian Renaissance. Late Antiquity in Italy lingered on into the 7th century under the Ostrogothic Kingdom and the Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty, the Byzantine Papacy until the mid 8th century. The \"Middle Ages\" proper begin as the Byzantine Empire was weakening under the pressure of the Muslim conquests, and the Exarchate of Ravenna finally fell under Lombard rule in 751. Lombard rule ended with the", "title": "Italy in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824416", "text": "various nominal allegiances fought constantly over territory until events came to a head in the early 11th century with the coming of the Normans, who conquered the whole of the south by the end of the century. Roman Britain was in a state of political and economic collapse at the time of the Roman departure c. 400. A series of settlements (traditionally referred to as an invasion) by Germanic peoples began in the early fifth century, and by the sixth century the island would consist of many small kingdoms engaged in ongoing warfare with each other. The Germanic kingdoms are", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246953", "text": "They were the main and sometimes only outposts of education and literacy in a region. Many of the surviving manuscripts of the Latin classics were copied in monasteries in the Early Middle Ages. Monks were also the authors of new works, including history, theology, and other subjects, written by authors such as Bede (d. 735), a native of northern England who wrote in the late 7th and early 8th centuries. The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "612087", "text": "Middle English Middle English (ME) is a period when the English language, spoken after the Norman conquest (1066) until the late 15th century, underwent distinct variations and developments following the Old English period. Scholarly opinion varies but the Oxford English Dictionary specifies the period of 1150 to 1500. This stage of the development of the English language roughly followed the High to the Late Middle Ages. Middle English developed from Late Old English, and saw significant changes to its grammar, pronunciation, and orthography. Writing conventions during the Middle English period varied widely. Examples of writing from this period that have", "title": "Middle English" }, { "id": "11919982", "text": "Europe and the Mediterranean world: generally from the end of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century (c. AD 284) to the Islamic conquests and the re-organization of the Byzantine Empire under Heraclius. The Early Middle Ages are a period in the history of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500 to 1000. Not all historians agree on the ending dates of ancient history, which frequently falls somewhere in the 5th, 6th, or 7th century. Western scholars usually date the end of ancient history with the fall of Rome in", "title": "Timeline of ancient history" }, { "id": "246912", "text": "plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and the Western Schism within the Catholic Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period. The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period. Medieval writers divided history into", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "4289548", "text": "Early modern period The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era. Although the chronological limits of the period are open to debate, the timeframe spans the period after the late portion of the post-classical age (c. 1500), known as the Middle Ages, through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions (c. 1800) and is variously demarcated by historians as beginning with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, with the Renaissance period, and with the Age of Discovery (especially with the voyages of Christopher Columbus beginning in 1492, but also with Vasco da", "title": "Early modern period" }, { "id": "4253490", "text": "Middle age Middle age is the period of age beyond young adulthood but before the onset of old age. According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" middle age is between 45 and 65: \"The period between early adulthood and old age, usually considered as the years from about 45 to 65.\" The US Census lists the category middle age from 45 to 65. Merriam-Webster lists middle age from 45 to 64, while prominent psychologist Erik Erikson saw it starting a little earlier and defines middle adulthood as between 40 and 65. The \"Collins English Dictionary\" lists it between the ages of", "title": "Middle age" }, { "id": "2824379", "text": "13th centuries). The period saw a continuation of trends evident since late classical antiquity, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, a small rise in global warming and increased migration. The Early Middle Ages was labelled the \"Dark Ages\" in the 19th century, a characterization based on the relative scarcity of literary and cultural output from this time. However, the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, continued to survive, though in the 7th century the Islamic caliphates conquered swathes of formerly Roman territory. Many of these trends were reversed later in the period. In 800 the", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246937", "text": "6th century, the principal means of religious instruction in the Church had become music and art rather than the book. Most intellectual efforts went towards imitating classical scholarship, but some original works were created, along with now-lost oral compositions. The writings of Sidonius Apollinaris (d. 489), Cassiodorus (d. c. 585), and Boethius (d. c. 525) were typical of the age. Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "9108821", "text": "and CE is Common Era. This is done in order to standardize time periods across the world (ISO 8601). The Postclassical Era, also referred to as the Medieval period or, for Europe, the Middle Ages, begins around 500 CE after the fall of major civilizations, covering the advent of Islam. The period ends around 1450–1500, with events like the rise of moveable-type printing in Europe, the voyages of Christopher Columbus, and the Ottoman Empire's conquest of Constantinople. The Modern Period covers human history from the creation of a more global network (i.e. the colonization of the Americas by Europeans) to", "title": "History by period" }, { "id": "246922", "text": "crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, when various peoples, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain, and the Vandals went on to cross the strait of Gibraltar after which they conquered the province of Africa. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434–453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453,", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246943", "text": "early seventh centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it. Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later seventh century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714,", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247041", "text": "Eckhart and Johannes Tauler (d. 1361). Theatre also developed in the guise of miracle plays put on by the Church. At the end of the period, the development of the printing press in about 1450 led to the establishment of publishing houses throughout Europe by 1500. In the early 15th century, the countries of the Iberian peninsula began to sponsor exploration beyond the boundaries of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (d. 1460) sent expeditions that discovered the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Cape Verde during his lifetime. After his death, exploration continued; Bartolomeu Dias (d. 1500) went around", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246993", "text": "growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered England (r. 1066–87) and created a cross-channel empire that lasted, in various forms, throughout the rest of the Middle Ages. Normans also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became the Kingdom of Sicily. Under the Angevin dynasty of (r. 1154–89) and his son Richard I (r.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "8279542", "text": "Middle Stone Age The Middle Stone Age (or MSA) was a period of African prehistory between the Early Stone Age and the Later Stone Age. It is generally considered to have begun around 280,000 years ago and ended around 50–25,000 years ago. The beginnings of particular MSA stone tools have their origins as far back as 550–500,000 years ago and as such some researchers consider this to be the beginnings of the MSA. The MSA is often mistakenly understood to be synonymous with the Middle Paleolithic of Europe, especially due to their roughly contemporaneous time span, however, the Middle Paleolithic", "title": "Middle Stone Age" }, { "id": "2824460", "text": "art of writing, and preserving a centralized administration through its network of bishops ordained in succession. The Early Middle Ages are characterized by the urban control of bishops and the territorial control exercised by dukes and counts. The rise of urban communes marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages. The Christianization of Germanic tribes began in the 4th century with the Goths and continued throughout the Early Middle Ages, led in the 6th to 7th centuries by the Hiberno-Scottish mission and replaced in the 8th to 9th centuries by the Anglo-Saxon mission, with Anglo-Saxons like Alcuin playing an important", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "5605944", "text": "Ottoman Empire cut off trading possibilities with the East. Europeans were forced to seek new trading routes, leading to the Spanish expedition under Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 and Vasco da Gama’s voyage to Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modern history and of early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247028", "text": "son Edward, the Black Prince (d. 1376), won the battles of Crécy and Poitiers, captured the city of Calais, and won control of much of France. The resulting stresses almost caused the disintegration of the French kingdom during the early years of the war. In the early 15th century, France again came close to dissolving, but in the late 1420s the military successes of Joan of Arc (d. 1431) led to the victory of the French and the capture of the last English possessions in southern France in 1453. The price was high, as the population of France at the", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2012099", "text": "Middle kingdoms of India The Middle kingdoms of India were the political entities in India from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. The period begins after the decline of the Maurya Empire, and the corresponding rise of the Satavahana dynasty, beginning with Simuka, from 230 BCE. The \"Middle\" period lasted for about 1500 years and ended in the 13th century, with the rise of the Delhi Sultanate, founded in 1206, and the end of the Later Cholas (Rajendra Chola III, who died in 1279 CE). This period encompasses two eras: Classical India, from the Maurya Empire up", "title": "Middle kingdoms of India" }, { "id": "2824410", "text": "and divided. Impossible to guess at the time, but by the end of the century, the Lombardic kingdom would be extinct, while the Frankish kingdom would have nearly reassembled the Western Roman Empire. Though much of Roman civilization north of the Po River had been wiped out in the years after the end of the Western Roman Empire, between the 5th and 8th centuries, new political and social infrastructure began to develop. Much of this was initially Germanic and pagan. Arian Christian missionaries had been spreading Arian Christianity throughout northern Europe, though by 700 the religion of northern Europeans was", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246928", "text": "tribe, settled in Roman Italy in the late fifth century under Theoderic the Great (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last years of Theodoric's reign. The Burgundians settled in Gaul, and after an earlier realm was destroyed by the Huns in 436 formed a new kingdom in the 440s. Between today's Geneva and Lyon, it grew to become the realm of Burgundy in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. Elsewhere in Gaul, the Franks and Celtic Britons set up small polities. Francia was centred", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246989", "text": "new methods of dealing with money, and gold coinage was again minted in Europe, first in Italy and later in France and other countries. New forms of commercial contracts emerged, allowing risk to be shared among merchants. Accounting methods improved, partly through the use of double-entry bookkeeping; letters of credit also appeared, allowing easy transmission of money. The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity,", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247002", "text": "also remained outside Christian influence until the 11th century or later, and became a crusading venue as part of the Northern Crusades of the 12th to 14th centuries. These crusades also spawned a military order, the Order of the Sword Brothers. Another order, the Teutonic Knights, although founded in the crusader states, focused much of its activity in the Baltic after 1225, and in 1309 moved its headquarters to Marienburg in Prussia. During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of \"universals\".", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246966", "text": "of the Abbasid dynasty meant that the Islamic world fragmented into smaller political states, some of which began expanding into Italy and Sicily, as well as over the Pyrenees into the southern parts of the Frankish kingdoms. Efforts by local kings to fight the invaders led to the formation of new political entities. In Anglo-Saxon England, King Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) came to an agreement with the Viking invaders in the late 9th century, resulting in Danish settlements in Northumbria, Mercia, and parts of East Anglia. By the middle of the 10th century, Alfred's successors had conquered Northumbria, and", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "3723306", "text": "England in the Middle Ages England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the medieval period, from the end of the 5th century through to the start of the Early Modern period in 1485. When England emerged from the collapse of the Roman Empire, the economy was in tatters and many of the towns abandoned. After several centuries of Germanic immigration, new identities and cultures began to emerge, developing into kingdoms that competed for power. A rich artistic culture flourished under the Anglo-Saxons, producing epic poems such as \"Beowulf\" and sophisticated metalwork. The Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity", "title": "England in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824476", "text": "750. The end of the sudden Islamic Caliphate expansion ended around this time. The final Islamic dominion eroded the areas of the Iron Age Roman Empire in the Middle East and controlled strategic areas of the Mediterranean. At the end of the 8th century, the former Western Roman Empire was decentralized and overwhelmingly rural. The Islamic conquest and rule of Sicily and Malta was a process which started in the 9th century. Islamic rule over Sicily was effective from 902, and the complete rule of the island lasted from 965 until 1061. The Islamic presence on the Italian Peninsula was", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246908", "text": "large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Byzantine Empire—came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with classical antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire, Rome's direct continuation, survived in the Eastern Mediterranean and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the \"Corpus Juris Civilis\" or \"Code of Justinian\", was rediscovered", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246929", "text": "in northern Gaul, and the first king of whom much is known is Childeric I (d. 481). His grave was discovered in 1653 and is remarkable for its grave goods, which included weapons and a large quantity of gold. Under Childeric's son Clovis I (r. 509–511), the founder of the Merovingian dynasty, the Frankish kingdom expanded and converted to Christianity. The Britons, related to the natives of Britannia – modern-day Great Britain – settled in what is now Brittany. Other monarchies were established by the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, the Suebi in northwestern Iberia, and the Vandal Kingdom", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "11473943", "text": "England in the Late Middle Ages England in the Late Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the late medieval period, from the thirteenth century, the end of the Angevins, and the accession of Henry III – considered by many to mark the start of the Plantagenet dynasty – until the accession to the throne of the Tudor dynasty in 1485, which is often taken as the most convenient marker for the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the English Renaissance and early modern Britain. At the accession of Henry III only a remnant of English", "title": "England in the Late Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246917", "text": "greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to create the Crisis of the Third Century, with emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers. Military expenses increased steadily during the 3rd century, mainly in response to the war with the Sasanian Empire, which revived in the middle of the 3rd century. The army doubled in size, and cavalry and smaller units replaced the Roman legion as the main", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246965", "text": "I (r. 911–918) as king. The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from the Frankish King Charles the Simple (r. 898–922) to settle in what became Normandy. The eastern parts of the Frankish kingdoms, especially Germany and Italy, were under continual Magyar assault until the invader's defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955. The breakup", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246945", "text": "the Iberian Peninsula, the Aghlabids controlled North Africa, and the Tulunids became rulers of Egypt. By the middle of the 8th century, new trading patterns were emerging in the Mediterranean; trade between the Franks and the Arabs replaced the old Roman economy. Franks traded timber, furs, swords and slaves in return for silks and other fabrics, spices, and precious metals from the Arabs. The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246944", "text": "Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus. The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-eighth century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Tours in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate and its replacement by the Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad and were more concerned with the Middle East than Europe, losing control of sections of the Muslim lands. Umayyad descendants took over", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246913", "text": "periods such as the \"Six Ages\" or the \"Four Empires\", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being \"modern\". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as \"antiqua\" (or \"ancient\") and to the Christian period as \"nova\" (or \"new\"). Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodisation in his \"History of the Florentine People\" (1442). Bruni and later historians argued that Italy had recovered since Petrarch's time, and therefore added a third period to Petrarch's", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246920", "text": "encroach. For much of the 4th century, Roman society stabilised in a new form that differed from the earlier classical period, with a widening gulf between the rich and poor, and a decline in the vitality of the smaller towns. Another change was the Christianisation, or conversion of the empire to Christianity, a gradual process that lasted from the 2nd to the 5th centuries. In 376, the Goths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824479", "text": "was a Tajik state and had a Zoroastrian theocratic nobility. It was the next native Persian dynasty after the collapse of the Sassanid Persian empire, caused by the Arab conquest. Early Middle Ages The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, formerly sometimes referred to as the Dark Ages, are typically regarded as lasting from the 5th or 6th century to the 10th century CE. They marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history. The term \"Late Antiquity\" is used to emphasize elements of continuity with the Roman Empire, while \"Early Middle Ages\" is used to emphasize developments", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246932", "text": "of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with the Sasanian Empire, the traditional enemy of Rome, lasted throughout most of the 5th century. The Eastern Empire was marked by closer relations between the political state and Christian Church, with doctrinal matters assuming an importance in Eastern politics that they did not have in Western Europe. Legal developments included the codification of Roman law; the first effort—the \"Codex Theodosianus\"—was completed in 438. Under Emperor Justinian (r. 527–565), another compilation took place—the \"Corpus Juris Civilis\". Justinian also oversaw the construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824391", "text": "altered established society, including law, culture, religion, and patterns of property ownership. The \"pax Romana\" had provided safe conditions for trade and manufacture, and a unified cultural and educational milieu of far-ranging connections. As this was lost, it was replaced by the rule of local potentates, sometimes members of the established Romanized ruling elite, sometimes new lords of alien culture. In Aquitania, Gallia Narbonensis, southern Italy and Sicily, Baetica or southern Spain, and the Iberian Mediterranean coast, Roman culture lasted until the 6th or 7th centuries. The gradual breakdown and transformation of economic and social linkages and infrastructure resulted in", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246947", "text": "the goods carried were simple, with little pottery or other complex products. Around the Mediterranean, pottery remained prevalent and appears to have been traded over medium-range networks, not just produced locally. The various Germanic states in the west all had coinages that imitated existing Roman and Byzantine forms. Gold continued to be minted until the end of the 7th century, when it was replaced by silver coins. The basic Frankish silver coin was the denarius or denier, while the Anglo-Saxon version was called a penny. From these areas, the denier or penny spread throughout Europe during the centuries from 700", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824406", "text": "decisively conquered Syria and Mesopotamia, as well as Roman Palestine, Roman Egypt, parts of Asia Minor and Roman North Africa, while they entirely toppled the Sasanids. In the mid 7th century AD, following the Muslim conquest of Persia, Islam penetrated into the Caucasus region, of which parts would later permanently become part of Russia. This expansion of Islam continued under Umar's successors and then the Umayyad Caliphate, which conquered the rest of Mediterranean North Africa and most of the Iberian Peninsula. Over the next centuries Muslim forces were able to take further European territory, including Cyprus, Malta, Septimania, Crete, and", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824394", "text": "the number of shipwrecks dated from the 1st century). There were also reforestation and a retreat of agriculture centred around 500. The Romans had practiced two-field agriculture, with a crop grown in one field and the other left fallow and ploughed under to eliminate weeds. Systematic agriculture largely disappeared and yields declined. It is estimated that the Plague of Justinian which began in 541 and recurred periodically for 150 years thereafter killed as many as 100 million people across the world. Some historians such as Josiah C. Russell (1958) have suggested a total European population loss of 50 to 60", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "3723363", "text": "Æthelberht of Kent and his household, starting the process of converting Kent. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury and started to build new churches across the South-East, reusing existing pagan shrines. Oswald and Oswiu, kings of Northumbria, were converted in the 630s and 640s, and the wave of change carried on through the middle of the 7th century across the kingdoms of Mercia, the South Saxons and the Isle of Wight. The process was largely complete by the end of the 7th century, but left a confusing and disparate array of local practices and religious ceremonies. This new Christianity", "title": "England in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246923", "text": "when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire. By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustulus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire. By 493 the Italian peninsula was conquered by the Ostrogoths. The Eastern Roman Empire, often referred", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246968", "text": "Byzantine Emperor Romanos II (r. 959–963). By the late 10th century Italy had been drawn into the Ottonian sphere after a period of instability; Otto III (r. 996–1002) spent much of his later reign in the kingdom. The western Frankish kingdom was more fragmented, and although kings remained nominally in charge, much of the political power devolved to the local lords. Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms such as Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, which gained power and territory. Some kings converted to Christianity, although not all by 1000. Scandinavians also", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "4784554", "text": "BC, the Neo-Assyrian Empire forms in Mesopotamia. In 800 BC, the rise of Greek city-states begins. In 776 BC, the first recorded Olympic Games are held. The post-classical era, also known as the Middle Ages, is a historical period following the Iron Age, fully underway by the 5th century and lasting to the 15th century, and preceding the early Modern Era. The medieval history is the middle period, or the middle age, in a three-period division of history: Classic, Medieval, and Modern. The precise dates of the beginning, culmination, and end of the medieval history are more or less arbitrarily", "title": "Universal history" }, { "id": "164717", "text": "History of Europe The history of Europe covers the peoples inhabiting Europe from prehistory to the present. During the Neolithic era and the time of the Indo-European migrations Europe saw migrations from east and southeast and the following important cultural and material exchange. The period known as classical antiquity began with the emergence of the city-states of ancient Greece. Later, the Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin. The fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476 traditionally marks the start of the Middle Ages. Beginning in the 14th century a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "id": "247025", "text": "legislate a return to the economic conditions that existed before the Black Death. Non-clergy became increasingly literate, and urban populations began to imitate the nobility's interest in chivalry. Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824395", "text": "per cent between 541 and 700. After the year 750, major epidemic diseases did not appear again in Europe until the Black Death of the 14th century. The disease Smallpox, which was eradicated in the late 20th century, did not definitively enter Western Europe until about 581 when Bishop Gregory of Tours provided an eyewitness account that describes the characteristic findings of smallpox. Waves of epidemics wiped out large rural populations. Most of the details about the epidemics are lost, probably due to the scarcity of surviving written records. For almost a thousand years, Rome was the most politically important,", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824474", "text": "begin in 634 and would be complete by 638. The Muslim conquest of Egypt started in 639. Before the Muslim invasion of Egypt began, the Eastern Roman Empire had already lost the Levant and its Arab ally, the Ghassanid Kingdom, to the Muslims. The Muslims would bring Alexandria under control and the fall of Egypt would be complete by 642. Between 647 and 709, Muslims swept across North Africa and established their authority over that region. The Transoxiana region was conquered by Qutayba ibn Muslim between 706 and 715 and loosely held by the Umayyads from 715 to 738. This", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247026", "text": "needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans. Strong, royalty-based nation states rose throughout Europe in the Late Middle Ages, particularly in England, France, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula: Aragon, Castile, and Portugal. The long conflicts of the period strengthened royal control over their kingdoms and were extremely hard on the peasantry. Kings profited from warfare that extended royal legislation and increased the lands they directly controlled. Paying for the wars required that methods of taxation", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246995", "text": "Under (r. 1216–72), John's son, further concessions were made to the nobility, and royal power was diminished. The French monarchy continued to make gains against the nobility during the late 12th and 13th centuries, bringing more territories within the kingdom under the king's personal rule and centralising the royal administration. Under Louis IX (r. 1226–70), royal prestige rose to new heights as Louis served as a mediator for most of Europe. In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824430", "text": "of territorial sovereignty since allegiances were subject to change over time and were sometimes mutually contradictory. Feudalism allowed the state to provide a degree of public safety despite the continued absence of bureaucracy and written records. Even land ownership disputes were decided based solely on oral testimony. Territoriality was reduced to a network of personal allegiances. The Viking Age spans the period roughly between the late 8th and mid-11th centuries in Scandinavia and Britain, following the Germanic Iron Age (and the Vendel Age in Sweden). During this period, the Vikings, Scandinavian warriors and traders raided and explored most parts of", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246934", "text": "not just to over-taxation to pay for his wars but to the essentially civilian nature of the empire, which made raising troops difficult. In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their base on the north bank of the Danube; by the end of the 6th-century, they were the dominant power in Central Europe", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824417", "text": "now collectively referred to as Anglo-Saxons. Christianization began to take hold among the Anglo-Saxons in the sixth century, with 597 given as the traditional date for its large-scale adoption. Western Britain (Wales), eastern and northern Scotland (Pictland) and the Scottish highlands and isles continued their separate evolution. The Irish descended and Irish-influenced people of western Scotland were Christian from the fifth century onward, the Picts adopted Christianity in the sixth century under the influence of Columba, and the Welsh had been Christian since the Roman era. Northumbria was the pre-eminent power c. 600–700, absorbing several weaker Anglo-Saxon and Brythonic kingdoms,", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246931", "text": "settlement of peoples was accompanied by changes in languages. Latin, the literary language of the Western Roman Empire, was gradually replaced by vernacular languages which evolved from Latin, but were distinct from it, collectively known as Romance languages. These changes from Latin to the new languages took many centuries. Greek remained the language of the Byzantine Empire, but the migrations of the Slavs added Slavic languages to Eastern Europe. As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247010", "text": "of crossbows during the 12th and 13th centuries led to the use of closed-face helmets, heavy body armour, as well as horse armour. Gunpowder was known in Europe by the mid-13th century with a recorded use in European warfare by the English against the Scots in 1304, although it was merely used as an explosive and not as a weapon. Cannon were being used for sieges in the 1320s, and hand-held guns were in use by the 1360s. In the 10th century the establishment of churches and monasteries led to the development of stone architecture that elaborated vernacular Roman forms,", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246954", "text": "descended from Clovis. The 7th century was a tumultuous period of wars between Austrasia and Neustria. Such warfare was exploited by Pippin (d. 640), the Mayor of the Palace for Austrasia who became the power behind the Austrasian throne. Later members of his family inherited the office, acting as advisers and regents. One of his descendants, Charles Martel (d. 741), won the Battle of Poitiers in 732, halting the advance of Muslim armies across the Pyrenees. Great Britain was divided into small states dominated by the kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, and East Anglia, which were descended from the Anglo-Saxon", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246911", "text": "Muslims. Kings became the heads of centralised nation-states, reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant. Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason, and by the founding of universities. The theology of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the Gothic architecture of cathedrals such as Chartres are among the outstanding achievements toward the end of this period and into the Late Middle Ages. The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine,", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "8279576", "text": "likely be associated with such technologies, such as shifts in foraging behaviors, which are further supported by faunal data at these sites. Middle Stone Age The Middle Stone Age (or MSA) was a period of African prehistory between the Early Stone Age and the Later Stone Age. It is generally considered to have begun around 280,000 years ago and ended around 50–25,000 years ago. The beginnings of particular MSA stone tools have their origins as far back as 550–500,000 years ago and as such some researchers consider this to be the beginnings of the MSA. The MSA is often mistakenly", "title": "Middle Stone Age" }, { "id": "246998", "text": "Egypt and suffering from a series of internal civil wars. The Byzantines also faced a revived Bulgaria, which in the late 12th and 13th centuries spread throughout the Balkans. The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence to anyone who took part. Tens of thousands of people from all levels of society mobilised across Europe and captured", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247040", "text": "Boccaccio (d. 1375) in 14th-century Italy, Geoffrey Chaucer (d. 1400) and William Langland (d. c. 1386) in England, and François Villon (d. 1464) and Christine de Pizan (d. c. 1430) in France. Much literature remained religious in character, and although a great deal of it continued to be written in Latin, a new demand developed for saints' lives and other devotional tracts in the vernacular languages. This was fed by the growth of the \"Devotio Moderna\" movement, most prominently in the formation of the Brethren of the Common Life, but also in the works of German mystics such as Meister", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "618631", "text": "forms a major part of Scandinavian history, with a minor, yet significant part in European history. The term Late Antiquity is the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages in both mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world: generally from the end of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the 3rd century (c. 284) to the Islamic conquests and the re-organization of the Byzantine Empire under Heraclius that occurred in the seventh century. The beginning of the post-classical age (known as the Middle Ages for Europe) following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly from AD 500 to", "title": "Ancient history" }, { "id": "247000", "text": "12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between them and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from the crusader states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, which had been captured by Saladin (d. 1193) in 1187. In 1203, the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople, and captured the city in 1204, setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines recaptured the city in 1261, but never regained their former strength. By 1291 all the crusader", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247048", "text": "were around 30,000 different editions of incunabula, or works printed before 1500, by which time illuminated manuscripts were commissioned only by royalty and a few others. Very small woodcuts, nearly all religious, were affordable even by peasants in parts of Northern Europe from the middle of the 15th century. More expensive engravings supplied a wealthier market with a variety of images. The medieval period is frequently caricatured as a \"time of ignorance and superstition\" that placed \"the word of religious authorities over personal experience and rational activity.\" This is a legacy from both the Renaissance and Enlightenment when scholars favourably", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246946", "text": "few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of the Muslim conquests, African products were no longer found in Western Europe. The replacement of goods from long-range trade with local products was a trend throughout the old Roman lands that happened in the Early Middle Ages. This was especially marked in the lands that did not lie on the Mediterranean, such as northern Gaul or Britain. Non-local goods appearing in the archaeological record are usually luxury goods. In the northern parts of Europe, not only were the trade networks local, but", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247042", "text": "the Cape of Good Hope in 1486 and Vasco da Gama (d. 1524) sailed around Africa to India in 1498. The combined Spanish monarchies of Castile and Aragon sponsored the voyage of exploration by Christopher Columbus (d. 1506) in 1492 that discovered the Americas. The English crown under Henry VII sponsored the voyage of John Cabot (d. 1498) in 1497, which landed on Cape Breton Island. One of the major developments in the military sphere during the Late Middle Ages was the increased use of infantry and light cavalry. The English also employed longbowmen, but other countries were unable to", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247027", "text": "become more effective and efficient, and the rate of taxation often increased. The requirement to obtain the consent of taxpayers allowed representative bodies such as the English Parliament and the French Estates General to gain power and authority. Throughout the 14th century, French kings sought to expand their influence at the expense of the territorial holdings of the nobility. They ran into difficulties when attempting to confiscate the holdings of the English kings in southern France, leading to the Hundred Years' War, waged from 1337 to 1453. Early in the war the English under Edward III (r. 1327–77) and his", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "3723381", "text": "be cultivated relatively far north. The Warm Period was followed by several centuries of much cooler temperatures, termed the Little Ice Age; by the 14th century spring temperatures had dropped considerably, reaching their coldest in the 1340s and 1350s. This cold end to the Middle Ages significantly affected English agriculture and living conditions. Even at the start of the Middle Ages the English landscape had been shaped by human occupation over many centuries. Much woodland was new, the result of fields being reclaimed by brush after the collapse of the Roman Empire. Human intervention had established wood pastures, an ancient", "title": "England in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246925", "text": "end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as \"invasions\", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the Western Roman elites to support the army or pay the taxes that would have allowed the military to suppress the migration. The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Aetius (d. 454), Aspar (d. 471), Ricimer (d. 472), or Gundobad (d. 516), who were partly or fully of non-Roman", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "19965940", "text": "Agriculture in the Middle Ages Agriculture in the Middle Ages describes the farming practices, crops, technology, and agricultural society and economy of Europe from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE to approximately 1500 CE. The Middle Ages are sometimes called the Medieval Age or Period. The Middle Ages are also divided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. The early modern period followed the Middle Ages. Epidemics and climatic cooling caused a large decrease in the European population in the 6th century. Compared to the Roman period, agriculture in the Middle Ages in western Europe", "title": "Agriculture in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "3723311", "text": "military failure in France and an ongoing recession. More social unrest broke out, followed by the Wars of the Roses, fought between rival factions of the English nobility. Henry VII's victory in 1485 conventionally marks the end of the Middle Ages in England and the start of the Early Modern period. At the start of the Middle Ages, England was a part of Britannia, a former province of the Roman Empire. The local economy had once been dominated by imperial Roman spending on a large military establishment, which in turn helped to support a complex network of towns, roads, and", "title": "England in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "4289629", "text": "nationalism and the reorganization in military forces. The end of the early modern period is usually also associated with the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the mid-18th century. Early modern period The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era. Although the chronological limits of the period are open to debate, the timeframe spans the period after the late portion of the post-classical age (c. 1500), known as the Middle Ages, through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions (c. 1800) and is variously demarcated by historians as beginning with the", "title": "Early modern period" }, { "id": "19965987", "text": "most of the Middle Ages. Average height of men in Europe reached a low point of less than in the 17th century. Agriculture in the Middle Ages Agriculture in the Middle Ages describes the farming practices, crops, technology, and agricultural society and economy of Europe from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE to approximately 1500 CE. The Middle Ages are sometimes called the Medieval Age or Period. The Middle Ages are also divided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. The early modern period followed the Middle Ages. Epidemics and climatic cooling caused a large", "title": "Agriculture in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824432", "text": "parts of the continent. They also engaged in warfare, looting and enslaving numerous Christian communities of Medieval Europe for centuries, contributing to the development of feudal systems in Europe. The Early Middle Ages marked the beginning of the cultural distinctions between Western and Eastern Europe north of the Mediterranean. Influence from the Byzantine Empire impacted the Christianization and hence almost every aspect of the cultural and political development of the East from the preeminence of Caesaropapism and Eastern Christianity to the spread of the Cyrillic alphabet. The turmoil of the so-called Barbarian invasions in the beginning of the period gradually", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246991", "text": "early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor (r. 1084–1105) over Church appointments as part of the Investiture Controversy. His successors continued to struggle against the papacy as well as the German nobility. A period of instability followed the death of Emperor (r. 1111–25), who died without heirs, until Barbarossa (r. 1155–90) took the imperial throne. Although he ruled effectively, the basic problems", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824473", "text": "Armenia was begun in the 640s. In this time, the Islamic empire extended over the whole Sassanid Persian Empire and to more than two-thirds of the Eastern Roman Empire. The First Fitna, or the First Islamic Civil War, lasted for the entirety of Ali ibn Abi Talib's reign. After the recorded peace treaty with Hassan ibn Ali and the suppression of early Kharijites' disturbances, Muawiyah I acceded to the position of Caliph. The Muslim conquests of the Eastern Roman Empire and Arab wars occurred between 634 and 750. Starting in 633, Muslims conquered Iraq. The Muslim conquest of Syria would", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246957", "text": "a large portion of Europe, eventually controlling modern-day France, northern Italy, and Saxony. In the wars that lasted beyond 800, he rewarded allies with war booty and command over parcels of land. In 774, Charlemagne conquered the Lombards, which freed the papacy from the fear of Lombard conquest and marked the beginnings of the Papal States. The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the Western emperors. It", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2744275", "text": "century, in 1204 the Fourth Crusade treacherously captured Constantinople. This severely damaged the Byzantines, and their power was ultimately weakened by the Seljuks and the rising Ottoman Empire in the 14-15th century. The power of the Latin Empire, however, was short lived after the Crusader army was routed by Bulgarian Emperor Kaloyan in the Battle of Adrianople (1205). The Medieval Warm Period, the period from 10th century to about the 14th century in Europe, was a relatively warm and gentle interval ended by the generally colder Little Ice Age. Farmers grew wheat well north into Scandinavia, and wine grapes in", "title": "High Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246992", "text": "remained, and his successors continued to struggle into the 13th century. Barbarossa's grandson Frederick II (r. 1220–1250), who was also heir to the throne of Sicily through his mother, clashed repeatedly with the papacy. His court was famous for its scholars and he was often accused of heresy. He and his successors faced many difficulties, including the invasion of the Mongols into Europe in the mid-13th century. Mongols first shattered the Kievan Rus' principalities and then invaded Eastern Europe in 1241, 1259, and 1287. Under the Capetian dynasty the French monarchy slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility,", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247030", "text": "the elective nature of the imperial crown meant there was no enduring dynasty around which a strong state could form. Further east, the kingdoms of Poland, Hungary, and Bohemia grew powerful. In Iberia, the Christian kingdoms continued to gain land from the Muslim kingdoms of the peninsula; Portugal concentrated on expanding overseas during the 15th century, while the other kingdoms were riven by difficulties over royal succession and other concerns. After losing the Hundred Years' War, England went on to suffer a long civil war known as the Wars of the Roses, which lasted into the 1490s and only ended", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824470", "text": "regular trade fairs behind castle walls, a tentative return of economic life to western Europe. In the culture of Europe, several features surfaced soon after 1000 that mark the end of the Early Middle Ages: the rise of the medieval communes, the reawakening of city life, and the appearance of the burgher class, the founding of the first universities, the rediscovery of Roman law, and the beginnings of vernacular literature. In 1000, the papacy was firmly under the control of German Emperor Otto III, or \"emperor of the world\" as he styled himself. But later church reforms enhanced its independence", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "6762297", "text": "Crisis of the Late Middle Ages The crisis of the Late Middle Ages was a series of events in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that brought centuries of European prosperity and growth to a halt. Three major crises led to radical changes in all areas of society: demographic collapse, political instabilities and religious upheavals. A series of famines and plagues, beginning with the Great Famine of 1315–17 and especially the Black Death of 1347-1351, reduced the population perhaps by half or more as the Medieval Warm Period came to a close and the first century of the Little Ice Age", "title": "Crisis of the Late Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246951", "text": "the 7th centuries, going first to England and Scotland and then on to the continent. Under such monks as Columba (d. 597) and Columbanus (d. 615), they founded monasteries, taught in Latin and Greek, and authored secular and religious works. The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West. The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated with the Desert Fathers of Egypt and Syria. Most European monasteries were of the type that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobitism, which was pioneered by Pachomius (d. 348) in the", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2744279", "text": "Crusades occurred between the 11th and 13th centuries. They were conducted under papal authority with the intent of reestablishing Christian rule in \"The Holy Land\" by taking the area from the Muslim Fatimid Caliphate. The Fatimids had captured Palestine in AD 970, lost it to the Seljuk Turks in 1073 and recaptured it in 1098, just before they lost it again in 1099 as a result of the First Crusade. In the context of the crusades, monastic military orders were founded that would become the template for the late medieval chivalric orders. The Knights Templar were a Christian military order", "title": "High Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247039", "text": "of the letters and numbers remained the province of the family or a village priest, but the secondary subjects of the trivium—grammar, rhetoric, logic—were studied in cathedral schools or in schools provided by cities. Commercial secondary schools spread, and some Italian towns had more than one such enterprise. Universities also spread throughout Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. Lay literacy rates rose, but were still low; one estimate gave a literacy rate of ten percent of males and one percent of females in 1500. The publication of vernacular literature increased, with Dante (d. 1321), Petrarch (d. 1374) and Giovanni", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "2824446", "text": "in Italy, Spain, and the southern part of Gaul, where Roman influences were more long-lasting. In the 7th century, however, learning expanded in Ireland and the Celtic lands, where Latin was a foreign language and Latin texts were eagerly studied and taught. In the ancient world, Greek was the primary language of science. Advanced scientific research and teaching was mainly carried on in the Hellenistic side of the Roman empire, and in Greek. Late Roman attempts to translate Greek writings into Latin had limited success. As the knowledge of Greek declined, the Latin West found itself cut off from some", "title": "Early Middle Ages" }, { "id": "247020", "text": "vows of poverty and earned their living by begging, were approved by the papacy. Religious groups such as the Waldensians and the Humiliati also attempted to return to the life of early Christianity in the middle 12th and early 13th centuries, but they were condemned as heretical by the papacy. Others joined the Cathars, another heretical movement condemned by the papacy. In 1209, a crusade was preached against the Cathars, the Albigensian Crusade, which in combination with the medieval Inquisition, eliminated them. The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "id": "246973", "text": "dignity and classicism of imperial Roman and Byzantine art, but was also influenced by the Insular art of the British Isles. Insular art integrated the energy of Irish Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Germanic styles of ornament with Mediterranean forms such as the book, and established many characteristics of art for the rest of the medieval period. Surviving religious works from the Early Middle Ages are mostly illuminated manuscripts and carved ivories, originally made for metalwork that has since been melted down. Objects in precious metals were the most prestigious form of art, but almost all are lost except for a few", "title": "Middle Ages" } ]

[ "the Legislature" ]

[ { "id": "20652154", "text": "Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana The Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Ghana. The current speaker is Mike Oquaye. He was elected on 7 January 2017. The first speaker of the Parliament of Ghana was Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist who was Speaker of the National Assembly from independence on 6 March 1957 until December 1957. Prior to Ghana's independence, the Governor of Ghana presided over the legislative council. This changed in 1949 when Emmanuel Quist became its first African president. The Legislative Council elected Quist as its first speaker in 1951.", "title": "Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "6469210", "text": "serve four-year terms. The Speaker cannot be a Member of Parliament though he/she must possess the qualifications to stand for elections as a Member of Parliament, such person on appointment as Speaker must resign and declare the seat occupied in Parliament as vacant. The Speaker is assisted by two Deputy Speakers (First and Second Deputy Speakers), who are elected at the commencement of every Parliament. They must come from different political parties. The current Speaker is Prof. Aaron Mike Ocquaye former MP for Dome-Kwabenya constituency of Ghana. Pre-Independence (1951 – 1957)<br> Speaker of the National Assembly<br> Emmanuel Charles Quist (March", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "20652155", "text": "The longest serving speaker was Daniel Francis Annan who served from 7 January 1993 to 6 January 2001. In January 2009, Joyce Adeline Bamford-Addo became the first lady to be speaker of the Ghanaian parliament. Article 95 of the 1992 Ghana constitution provides for the election of a speaker from among the members of parliament or from persons who are qualified to be members of parliament. Where the speaker is elected from among the members of parliament, Article 97 of the constitution specifies that the speaker vacates his or her seat in parliament, triggering a by-election. The only person to", "title": "Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "20652158", "text": "vote in parliament. This means that when the votes are tied, the motion is lost. The speaker is also the chairman of the parliamentary service board. The speaker also appoints four additional members to this board. The sixth member of the board is the Clerk of Parliament. Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana The Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Ghana. The current speaker is Mike Oquaye. He was elected on 7 January 2017. The first speaker of the Parliament of Ghana was Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist who was Speaker of the", "title": "Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "20652156", "text": "have been in this position so far is Edward Adjaho who was the elected member for the then Akatsi South constituency. There are two deputy speakers who are elected from among the members of parliament by the members. Both deputy speakers cannot be from the same political party. The current deputy speakers are the MP for Bekwai, Joseph Osei-Owusu, of the National Patriotic Party and MP for Nadawli West, Alban Bagbin of the National Democratic Congress. Article 101 of the Ghana constitution stipulates that the speaker presides at all sittings of parliament. Where the speaker is not able to do", "title": "Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "20652157", "text": "so, one of the two deputies presides. No parliamentary business can take place without the speaker in the chair. The speaker also takes precedence over all people in Ghana except the President of Ghana and the Vice President. In view of this, the speaker may act on behalf of the president if neither the president nor the vice president is able to do so. The constitution stipulates that there should be an election within three months of the speaker assuming the presidency due to the death or removal of the president and vice president. The speaker does not have a", "title": "Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "5849102", "text": "Aaron Mike Oquaye Rt. Hon. Aaron Mike Oquaye (born April 4, 1944) is a Ghanaian politician and is the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana. Oquaye was sworn in as the Speaker of Parliament on 7 January 2017. A member of the New Patriotic Party, he was the Member of Parliament for Dome-Kwabenya from 2005 to 2013. He was Ghana's High Commissioner to India from 2001 to 2004, then Minister of Energy from 2005 to 2006 and Minister of Communications from 2006 to 2009. He served as the Second Deputy Speaker of Parliament from 2009 to 2013. Oquaye was born", "title": "Aaron Mike Oquaye" }, { "id": "5849111", "text": "2013, Mike Oquaye was the Second Deputy Speaker of Parliament. He was succeeded by Joe Ghartey in 2013. Aaron Mike Oquaye Rt. Hon. Aaron Mike Oquaye (born April 4, 1944) is a Ghanaian politician and is the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana. Oquaye was sworn in as the Speaker of Parliament on 7 January 2017. A member of the New Patriotic Party, he was the Member of Parliament for Dome-Kwabenya from 2005 to 2013. He was Ghana's High Commissioner to India from 2001 to 2004, then Minister of Energy from 2005 to 2006 and Minister of Communications from 2006", "title": "Aaron Mike Oquaye" }, { "id": "16360642", "text": "Edward Adjaho Edward Korbly Doe Adjaho (born 3 January 1957) is a Ghanaian politician and barrister who was Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana from 2013 to 2017. He was elected to the position of Speaker of Parliament in the morning of 7 January 2013, succeeding Joyce Adeline Bamford-Addo. He is the first speaker to have been elected speaker from among members of Ghana's parliament. He thus became the fifth Speaker of the Fourth Republic of Ghana. Following his elevation to the position of Speaker, he resigned his position as Member of Parliament for the Avenor-Ave constituency in the Parliament", "title": "Edward Adjaho" }, { "id": "6469211", "text": "1951 – December 1957) Independent State within the Commonwealth (1957 – 1960) / First Republic (1960 – 1966)<br> Speakers of the National Assembly<br> Augustus Molade Akiwumi (February 1958 – June 1960)<br> Joseph Richard Asiedu (July 1960 – June 1965)<br> Kofi Asante Ofori-Atta (10 June 1965 – 22 February 1966) Second Republic (1969 – 1972) <br> Speaker of the National Assembly<br> Nii Amaa Ollennu (October 1969 – December 1971) Third Republic (1979 – 1981)<br> Speaker of the National Assembly<br> Jacob Hackenbug Griffiths-Randolph (24 September 1979 – 31 December 1981) Fourth Republic (1992 – present)<br> Speakers of Parliament<br> Daniel Francis Annan (7", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "20452705", "text": "Joseph Tetteh Joseph Tetteh is a Ghanaian politician and a Member of Parliament of the Parliament of Ghana. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the Deputy Regional Minister of the Eastern Region of Ghana. In March 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo, name him one of the ten deputy regional ministers who would form part of his government. He was vetted by the Appointments Committee of the Parliament of Ghana in the same month. He was approved by the committee and his name was forwarded to Speaker of Parliament for further approval by the general house of parliament.", "title": "Joseph Tetteh" }, { "id": "20452706", "text": "Joseph Tetteh Joseph Tetteh is a Ghanaian politician and a Member of Parliament of the Parliament of Ghana. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the Deputy Regional Minister of the Eastern Region of Ghana. In March 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo, name him one of the ten deputy regional ministers who would form part of his government. He was vetted by the Appointments Committee of the Parliament of Ghana in the same month. He was approved by the committee and his name was forwarded to Speaker of Parliament for further approval by the general house of parliament.", "title": "Joseph Tetteh" }, { "id": "675883", "text": "of Ghana, which came out with the verdict that Mahama legally won the 2012 presidential election. Legislative functions are vested in Parliament, which consists of a unicameral 275-member body plus the Speaker. To become law, legislation must have the assent of the president, who has a qualified veto over all bills except those to which a vote of urgency is attached. The members are elected for a four-year term in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote. As it is predicted by Duverger's law, the voting system has encouraged Ghanaian politics into a two-party system, which means that there are two", "title": "Politics of Ghana" }, { "id": "20452709", "text": "Frank Fuseini Adongo Frank Fuseini Adongo is a Ghanaian politician and a Member of Parliament of the Parliament of Ghana. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the Deputy Regional Minister of the Upper East Region of Ghana. In March 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo, name him one of the ten deputy regional ministers who would form part of his government. He was vetted by the Appointments Committee of the Parliament of Ghana in the same month. He was approved by the committee and his name was forwarded to Speaker of Parliament for further approval by the general", "title": "Frank Fuseini Adongo" }, { "id": "20452710", "text": "house of parliament. Frank Fuseini Adongo Frank Fuseini Adongo is a Ghanaian politician and a Member of Parliament of the Parliament of Ghana. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the Deputy Regional Minister of the Upper East Region of Ghana. In March 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo, name him one of the ten deputy regional ministers who would form part of his government. He was vetted by the Appointments Committee of the Parliament of Ghana in the same month. He was approved by the committee and his name was forwarded to Speaker of Parliament for further approval", "title": "Frank Fuseini Adongo" }, { "id": "20452707", "text": "Solomon Namliit Boar Solomon Namliit Boar is a Ghanaian politician and a Member of Parliament of the Parliament of Ghana. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the Deputy Regional Minister of the Northern Region of Ghana. In March 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo, name him one of the ten deputy regional ministers who would form part of his government. He was vetted by the Appointments Committee of the Parliament of Ghana in the same month. He was approved by the committee and his name was forwarded to Speaker of Parliament for further approval by the general house", "title": "Solomon Namliit Boar" }, { "id": "16360644", "text": "in all four subsequent elections. By virtue of Article 97 of the 1992 Constitution, Edward Adjaho vacated his seat upon assumption of the office of Speaker of Parliament. He was sworn in by Chief Justice Georgina Theodora Woode at the first sitting of the new Parliament. His tenure ended on 6 January 2017 after the 6th Parliament was dissolved. He is a Christian. He is married and has five children. Edward Adjaho Edward Korbly Doe Adjaho (born 3 January 1957) is a Ghanaian politician and barrister who was Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana from 2013 to 2017. He was", "title": "Edward Adjaho" }, { "id": "6469204", "text": "This system continued until 1951 when the Legislature elected its first Speaker - Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist. 1951 was also the first year that elections based on universal suffrage were held. The Convention People's Party (CPP), which was formed in 1949 and led by Kwame Nkrumah, won the election. Another party, the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) led by J.B. Danquah, fared poorly, and was disbanded soon after. Nkrumah, who had been jailed in early 1950 for subversion, was released and appointed Leader of Government Business, becoming the country's first Prime Minister the following year. Legislative Assembly elections held in", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "16509705", "text": "Parliament House of Ghana The Parliament House of Ghana is the official seat of the Speaker of Parliament of the country and also serves as Parliament of Ghana. It also has offices which serve temporal offices of certain members of parliament. It was designed by Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana. The building was designed and built by Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana. In 2011 Alfred Kwame Agbeshie, Member of Parliament for Ashaiman called for the building of a new parliament house to accommodate the increasing number of parliamentarians in the country. His assertion was based on", "title": "Parliament House of Ghana" }, { "id": "20452708", "text": "of parliament. Solomon Namliit Boar Solomon Namliit Boar is a Ghanaian politician and a Member of Parliament of the Parliament of Ghana. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the Deputy Regional Minister of the Northern Region of Ghana. In March 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo, name him one of the ten deputy regional ministers who would form part of his government. He was vetted by the Appointments Committee of the Parliament of Ghana in the same month. He was approved by the committee and his name was forwarded to Speaker of Parliament for further approval by the", "title": "Solomon Namliit Boar" }, { "id": "6469203", "text": "Parliament of Ghana The Parliament of Ghana is the legislative body of the Government of Ghana. Legislative representation in Ghana dates back to 1950, when the country was a British colony known as Gold Coast. The body, called the Legislative Council, was purely advisory as the Governor exercised all legislative and executive powers. Reforms were introduced in 1916 and 1925, although the governor's power remained extensive. In 1946, a new constitution was introduced that allowed for an unofficial member of the Legislative Council to become its president while the governor ceased to be the \"ex officio\" president of the body.", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "675882", "text": "state, and an independent judiciary. Executive authority is established in the Office of the Presidency, together with his Council of State. The president is head of state, head of government, and commander in chief of the armed forces. He also appoints the vice president. According to the Constitution, more than half of the presidentially appointed ministers of state must be appointed from among members of Parliament. The outcome of the December 2012 elections, in which John Dramani Mahama was declared President by the Ghana Electoral Commission, was challenged by Nana Akuffo-Addo, Mahmoud Bawumia and Jake Obetsebi-Lamptey at the Supreme Court", "title": "Politics of Ghana" }, { "id": "6469212", "text": "January 1993 – 6 January 2001)<br> Peter Ala Adjetey (7 January 2001 – 6 January 2005)<br> Ebenezer Sekyi Hughes (7 January 2005 – 6 January 2009)<br> Joyce Adeline Bamford-Addo (7 January 2009 – 6 January 2013)<br> Edward Adjaho (7 January 2013 – 6 January 2017)<br> Aaron Mike Oquaye (7 January 2017 – Present) The composition of the Parliament has changed over the years. There were 140 members in both the Second and the Third Republic parliaments. In the current Fourth Republic, the number of MPs have increased first to 200 and subsequently to 275. There have been 6 parliaments so", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "6514282", "text": "as the Minister of Defense Alban Bagbin Honourable Alban Kingsford Sumani Bagbin (born 24 September 1957) is a Ghanaian politician who is currently the Second deputy speaker of Parliament. He was the Minister for Health in the Ghana government until February 2013 when Hanny-Sherry Ayittey took over the position. He is also the Member of Parliament for Nadowli West. Bagbin hails from the Upper West Region of Ghana and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Law and English at the University of Ghana in 1980. He proceeded to the Ghana School of Law at Makola in Accra after which", "title": "Alban Bagbin" }, { "id": "19953410", "text": "MPs elected in the Ghanaian parliamentary election, 2016 The election of Members of Parliament (MPs) to the 7th Parliament of the Fourth Republic was held on 7 December 2016. The Speaker is not an elected member of parliament though he/she is qualified to stand for election as such. There are a total of 275 constituencies in Ghana. 45 new constituencies were created prior to the 2012 election. The 7th Parliament had its first sitting on Sunday 7 January 2017 shortly after midnight to elect a Speaker and Deputy Speakers as well as for the administration of oaths to the Speaker", "title": "MPs elected in the Ghanaian parliamentary election, 2016" }, { "id": "6514280", "text": "Alban Bagbin Honourable Alban Kingsford Sumani Bagbin (born 24 September 1957) is a Ghanaian politician who is currently the Second deputy speaker of Parliament. He was the Minister for Health in the Ghana government until February 2013 when Hanny-Sherry Ayittey took over the position. He is also the Member of Parliament for Nadowli West. Bagbin hails from the Upper West Region of Ghana and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Law and English at the University of Ghana in 1980. He proceeded to the Ghana School of Law at Makola in Accra after which he was called to the", "title": "Alban Bagbin" }, { "id": "826037", "text": "Government of Ghana The Government of Ghana was created as a parliamentary democracy, followed by alternating military and civilian governments. In January 1993, military government gave way to the Fourth Republic after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution divides powers among a president, parliament, cabinet, council of state, and an independent judiciary. The government is elected by universal suffrage. Political parties became legal in mid-1992 after a ten-year hiatus. There are 20 political parties under the Fourth Republic. The two main parties are the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party. The National Democratic Congress", "title": "Government of Ghana" }, { "id": "9957372", "text": "by the President of Ghana acting in consultation with the Council of State and with the approval of the country's Parliament. The other Supreme Court Justices are appointed by the President acting on the advice of the Judicial Council and in consultation with the Council of State. This must also be with the approval of Parliament. The 1992 Constitution abolished all the public tribunals established under the PNDC and created the Regional Tribunal whose chairman was equated with the High Court judge. The following is a list of the judges of the Supreme Court. In July 2018, President Nana Akufo-Addo", "title": "Supreme Court of Ghana" }, { "id": "16509706", "text": "the fact that members of parliament sat at distances away from the Speaker, making it difficult for some members to be recognized and allowed to contribute to debates. Parliament House of Ghana The Parliament House of Ghana is the official seat of the Speaker of Parliament of the country and also serves as Parliament of Ghana. It also has offices which serve temporal offices of certain members of parliament. It was designed by Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana. The building was designed and built by Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana. In 2011 Alfred Kwame Agbeshie, Member", "title": "Parliament House of Ghana" }, { "id": "6469213", "text": "far in the Fourth Republic. The list of its members are below. Parliament of Ghana The Parliament of Ghana is the legislative body of the Government of Ghana. Legislative representation in Ghana dates back to 1950, when the country was a British colony known as Gold Coast. The body, called the Legislative Council, was purely advisory as the Governor exercised all legislative and executive powers. Reforms were introduced in 1916 and 1925, although the governor's power remained extensive. In 1946, a new constitution was introduced that allowed for an unofficial member of the Legislative Council to become its president while", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "19983967", "text": "Harvard University. Prior to parliament, he served as CEO of Keyedmap Security Services Limited from 2004 to 2009 and as a member of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of the United Kingdom from 1999 to 2003. He identifies as a Christian, and is a nephew of former president John Kufuor. In May, 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo named Matthew Opoku Prempeh as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet", "title": "Matthew Opoku Prempeh" }, { "id": "152609", "text": "and there are two main seasons: the wet season and the dry season. Ghana is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy with a parliamentary multi-party system. Ghana alternated between civilian and military governments until January 1993, when the military government gave way to the Fourth Republic of Ghana after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution of Ghana divides powers among a Commander-in-Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces (President of Ghana), parliament (Parliament of Ghana), cabinet (Cabinet of Ghana), council of state (Ghanaian Council of State), and an independent judiciary (Judiciary of Ghana). The Government of Ghana is", "title": "Ghana" }, { "id": "16418526", "text": "Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu Osei Kyei Mensah-Bonsu (born 3 February 1957) is a Ghanaian urban planner and politician. He is currently the majority leader in the Ghanaian Parliament and Minister for Parliamentary Affairs. Prior to the completion of the Parliament's Job 600 building, Mr. Mensah-Bonsu proposed the renaming of the main Job 600 building. He suggested the building be named after the first speaker of Ghana's fourth parliament, Justice D. F. Annan, to honour the contribution he made towards the development of parliamentary affairs and democracy in Ghana. He also proposed that one of the two new blocks that were", "title": "Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu" }, { "id": "20784538", "text": "one of the ten deputy regional ministers who would form part of his government. She was vetted by the Appointments Committee of the Parliament of Ghana in the same month. He was approved by the committee and his name was forwarded to Speaker of Parliament for further approval by the general house of parliament. She is married with three children. She identifies as a Christian. Elizabeth Agyemang Elizabeth Agyemang (born 13 May 1949) is a Ghanaian politician and a Member of Parliament of the Parliament of Ghana. She is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the Deputy Minister", "title": "Elizabeth Agyemang" }, { "id": "4272917", "text": "Elections in Ghana Elections in Ghana gives information on election and election results in Ghana. Ghana elects on national level a head of state, the president, and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. The Parliament of Ghana has 275 members, elected for a four-year term in single-seat constituencies. The presidential election is won by having more than 50% of valid votes cast, whilst the parliamentary elections is won by simple majority, and, as is predicted by Duverger's law, the voting system has encouraged Ghanaian politics into a two-party system, creating extreme difficulty for", "title": "Elections in Ghana" }, { "id": "826042", "text": "or area councils; 108 zonal councils; and 626 area councils. Over 16,000 unit committees exist on the lowest level. Ghana has 275 electoral constituencies. Government of Ghana The Government of Ghana was created as a parliamentary democracy, followed by alternating military and civilian governments. In January 1993, military government gave way to the Fourth Republic after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution divides powers among a president, parliament, cabinet, council of state, and an independent judiciary. The government is elected by universal suffrage. Political parties became legal in mid-1992 after a ten-year hiatus. There are 20", "title": "Government of Ghana" }, { "id": "5748126", "text": "January 1972. He also became the acting president of Ghana on 7 August 1970. He was officially the chairman of the Presidential Commission. He took over from the previous military leader, Lt. Gen. Afrifa and handed over on 31 August 1970 to Edward Akufo-Addo who was elected on 31 August 1970 by an electoral college. He polled 123 votes to 35 by Edward Asafu Adjaye. This was a ceremonial presidency as executive power was held by the prime minister, Kofi Abrefa Busia. During the Second Republic of Ghana, Ollennu served as Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana. Nii Amaa Ollennu", "title": "Nii Amaa Ollennu" }, { "id": "18816920", "text": "during the transition period after the 2016 elections. In May, 2017, Akufo-Addo named Ken Ofori-Atta as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted to the Parliament of Ghana and was announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet minister, Ken Ofori-Atta is an integral part of the inner circle of the president of Ghana,Nana Akuffo-Addo, and is to aid in the key decision making activities in the country. Ken is a fellow of the Aspen Institute. Ken was adjudged as the 2nd most", "title": "Ken Ofori-Atta" }, { "id": "20233608", "text": "his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted to the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a cabinet minister, Afriyie Akoto is part of the president's inner circle and is to aid in key decision-making activities in the country. Afriyie Akoto is married with seven children. He is a member of the Catholic Church of Ghana. Owusu Afriyie Akoto Owusu Afriyie Akoto (born 19 October 1949) is a Ghanaian agricultural economist and politician. He worked for more than a decade with the International Coffee Organization. He is", "title": "Owusu Afriyie Akoto" }, { "id": "19939543", "text": "worked as Associate Professor at Dollard University (USA) and previously as a Research Assistant at the Center for Policy Analysis (Ghana). In May, 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo named Anthony Akoto Osei as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted to the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet minister, Anthony Akoto Osei is part of the inner circle of the president and is to aid in key decision making activities in the country. Anthony Akoto Osei Anthony Akoto", "title": "Anthony Akoto Osei" }, { "id": "6469209", "text": "followed by the NDC's 92. Small political parties and independents won the remaining seats. Kufuor was re-elected in 2004 and the New Patriotic Party (NPP) won 128 out of 230 seats in the concurrent parliamentary election. The main opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC) won 94, while two other parties - The People's National Convention (PNC) and Convention People's Party (CPP) - won 4 and 3 seats, respectively. An Independent captured the remaining seat. The simple majority (or First Past the Post) voting system is used in Ghana's parliamentary elections. Since 2012, the country is divided into 275 single-member constituencies. Members", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "12612085", "text": "Amankwah was appointed by President John Mahama to replace Sarfo-Kantanka who had served for about 20 years. She is the first female Deputy Chairman of the Commission. There are four other members. Mrs. Paulina Adobea Dadzawa, an administrator and Ebenezer Aggrey Fynn, a Management Consultant were appointed by President Kufuor in consultation with the Council of State of Ghana in February 2004. In June 2018, the Chairman, Charlotte Osei and her two deputies were sacked by Nana Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana following an investigation by a committee set up by the Chief Justice, Sophia Akuffo, following various allegations of fraud", "title": "Electoral Commission of Ghana" }, { "id": "6469206", "text": "Assembly members were extended for another five years. A one-party state was introduced following a referendum in 1964. As a result, only CPP candidates stood in the National Assembly Election held in 1965. Nkrumah was overthrown in 1966 by the military, which banned political parties and dissolved the National Assembly. The country returned to civilian rule in 1969. Elections held on 29 August resulted in victory for the Progress Party (PP) of Kofi Abrefa Busia, which won 105 of the National Assembly's 140 seats. He took office as Prime Minister on 3 September 1969. His government was toppled in a", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "13895942", "text": "(the fourth Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana, a Minister of Communications and Minister of Local Government), Adeline Akufo-Addo, (First Lady under the Second Republic), William Ofori Atta (a Minister of Foreign Affairs, Presidential Candidate of the UNC), Dr Akwasi Amoako-Atta (Governor of Bank of Ghana and Finance Minister under the First Republic), Dr Jones Ofori-Atta (Deputy Minister of Finance), and Susan Ofori-Atta (the first female doctor in Ghana). He was the grandfather of Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, (Ghana's former Foreign Minister and now President), Ken Ofori-Atta, (Ghana’s current Finance Minister and founder of the Databank Group), and Osagyefuo Amoatia", "title": "Ofori Atta I" }, { "id": "4272918", "text": "anybody attempting to achieve electoral success under any banner other than those of the two dominant parties. Elections have been held every four years since 1992. Presidential and parliamentary elections are held alongside each other, generally on 7 December. Elections in Ghana Elections in Ghana gives information on election and election results in Ghana. Ghana elects on national level a head of state, the president, and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. The Parliament of Ghana has 275 members, elected for a four-year term in single-seat constituencies. The presidential election is won by", "title": "Elections in Ghana" }, { "id": "9541008", "text": "of students enrolling in their system. Akufo-Addo is from Akropong-Akuapem and Kyebi in the Eastern Region. He is married to Rebecca Akufo-Addo (née Griffiths-Randolph), the daughter of judge, Jacob Hackenburg Griffiths-Randolph, the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana during the Third Republic. They have three daughters; Gyankroma Funmi Akufo-Addo, Edwina Nana Douka Akufo-Addo and Valerie Obaze. Akufo-Addo was given an award for Exemplary Leadership in June 2018 by the Whitaker Group. In September 2018, the U.S. Africa Business Centre of the United States Chamber of Commerce presented Akufo-Addo with the 2018 Outstanding Leader's Award in recognition of regional, diplomatic, and", "title": "Nana Akufo-Addo" }, { "id": "12612083", "text": "Electoral Commission of Ghana The Electoral Commission of Ghana is the official body in Ghana responsible for all public elections. Made up of seven members, its independence is guaranteed by the 1992 Ghana constitution. The current commission was established by the Electoral Commission Act (Act 451) of 1993. Kwadwo Afari-Gyan was the first substantive Chairman of the Commission from 1993-2015. In December 5,2018 the Electoral commission chaired by Jean Adukwei Mensah reverted to the old logo Eagles with coat of arms after the controversy over the new logo The Commission is made up of seven members. The position of Chairman", "title": "Electoral Commission of Ghana" }, { "id": "6469205", "text": "1954 resulted in another CPP victory, with the party winning 71 out of a total of 104 seats. It also won 71 out of 104 seats in the 1956 Legislative Assembly election. The Gold Coast was renamed Ghana and granted independence on 6 March 1957, while retaining the British monarch as head of state. The Legislative Assembly was renamed National Assembly. After the approval of a new Republican constitution, Ghana officially became a republic on 1 July 1960 with Kwame Nkrumah as its President. The plebiscite was taken as a fresh mandate from the people and the terms of National", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "9859695", "text": "named Joseph Kofi Adda as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet minister, Joseph Kofi Adda is part of the inner circle of the president and is to aid in key decision making activities in the country. Joseph Adda hails from Navro-Pungu Wusungu. He is the son of Felix Adda and his second wife. Joseph Kofi Adda Joseph Kofi Kowe Adda (born 22 April 1956) was a Member of Parliament", "title": "Joseph Kofi Adda" }, { "id": "19718266", "text": "Nana Akufo-Addo named Shirley Botchway as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet minister, Shirley Botchway is part of the inner circle of the president and is to aid in key decision making activities in the country. Ayorkor Botchway is married with two children. She is a Christian who is an Anglican by denomination. Shirley Ayorkor Botchway Shirley Ayorkor Botchway (born 8 February 1963) is a Ghanaian politician. She was", "title": "Shirley Ayorkor Botchway" }, { "id": "19953411", "text": "and Members of Parliament. Results from 238 constituencies are shown in the table below. A complete list of MPs by constituency will be listed when available. MPs elected in the Ghanaian parliamentary election, 2016 The election of Members of Parliament (MPs) to the 7th Parliament of the Fourth Republic was held on 7 December 2016. The Speaker is not an elected member of parliament though he/she is qualified to stand for election as such. There are a total of 275 constituencies in Ghana. 45 new constituencies were created prior to the 2012 election. The 7th Parliament had its first sitting", "title": "MPs elected in the Ghanaian parliamentary election, 2016" }, { "id": "675979", "text": "elected government after Nkrumah's fall, illustrated the problems Ghana would continue to face. It has been argued that the coup was supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency; The National Liberation Council (NLC), composed of four army officers and four police officers, assumed executive power. It appointed a cabinet of civil servants and promised to restore democratic government as quickly as possible. These moves culminated in the appointment of a representative assembly to draft a constitution for the Second Republic of Ghana. Political parties were allowed to operate beginning in late 1968. In Ghana's 1969 elections, the first competitive nationwide", "title": "History of Ghana" }, { "id": "2383800", "text": "President of Ghana The President of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as Commander-in-Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces. The current President of Ghana is Nana Akufo-Addo, who won the 2016 presidential election against the incumbent, John Dramani Mahama, by a margin of 9.45%. Nana Akufo-Addo was sworn into office on 7 January 2017. According to Chapter 8, Article 62 of the 1992 Constitution of Ghana, a person shall not be qualified for election as the President of Ghana unless: The President of Ghana must be sworn in", "title": "President of Ghana" }, { "id": "675881", "text": "Ghanaian people. Intended to prevent future coups, dictatorial government, and one-party states, it is designed to establish the concept of powersharing. The document reflects lessons learned from the abrogated constitutions of 1957, 1960,69, and 1979, and incorporates provisions and institutions drawn from British and American constitutional models. One controversial provision of the Constitution indemnifies members and appointees of the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) from liability for any official act or omission during the years of PNDC rule. The Constitution calls for a system of checks and balances, with power shared between a president, a unicameral parliament, a council of", "title": "Politics of Ghana" }, { "id": "675880", "text": "Politics of Ghana Politics of Ghana takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Ghana is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. The seat of government is at Golden Jubilee House. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and Parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The constitution that established the Fourth Republic provided a basic charter for republican democratic government. It declares Ghana to be a unitary republic with sovereignty residing in the", "title": "Politics of Ghana" }, { "id": "12890206", "text": "Joyce Bamford-Addo Joyce Adeline Bamford-Addo (born 26 March 1937) was the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana from 2009 to 2013. The Speaker's position is the third most important in Ghana. She previously served as a Supreme Court Judge. She was also the first female Speaker in such a position in the West African sub-region. Born in 1937 to a white South African father and a Ga mother from Osu, Accra, Joyce Bamford-Addo attended St. Mary’s Boarding School and OLA Boarding School along with her sister Cynthia in Cape Coast for her basic education. She subsequently attended Holy Child School,", "title": "Joyce Bamford-Addo" }, { "id": "6469207", "text": "1972 military coup. During the Third Republic, which lasted from 1979 to 1981, the dominant party in the National Assembly was the People's National Party (PNP), which won 71 out of 104 seats in elections held on 18 June 1979. After the military intervened in 1981, all elected institutions were dissolved and political party activity was prohibited. After 11 years of military rule, a new constitution was approved in a 1992 referendum. Presidential elections were held in November and were won by Jerry Rawlings, leader of the 1981 coup and subsequent military ruler. The opposition contested the results and boycotted", "title": "Parliament of Ghana" }, { "id": "675956", "text": "position similar to that of prime minister. The start of Nkrumah's first term was marked by cooperation with the British governor. During the next few years, the government was gradually transformed into a full parliamentary system. The changes were opposed by the more traditionalist African elements, though opposition proved ineffective in the face of popular support for independence at an early date. On March 10, 1952 the new position of prime minister was created, and Nkrumah was elected to the post by the Assembly. At the same time the Executive Council became the cabinet. The new constitution of 5 May", "title": "History of Ghana" }, { "id": "12890208", "text": "by Jerry Rawlings as a Supreme Court Judge in 1991. She retired from the Supreme Court in October 2004 when she was bypassed, allegedly, for her junior, Justice George Kingsley Acquah, in the appointment of Chief Justice. In 1991, Bamford-Addo became the Second Deputy Speaker of Ghana's Consultative Assembly, set up to draft what became the 1992 constitution. Following the 2008 presidential and parliamentary elections, she was elected unopposed as the Speaker of the Fourth Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana. Joyce Bamford-Addo Joyce Adeline Bamford-Addo (born 26 March 1937) was the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana from", "title": "Joyce Bamford-Addo" }, { "id": "19939547", "text": "the same constituency in 2012 and 2016. He's therefore the current MP of the Sunyani West constituency. He served as the deputy minority chief whip from 2013-2017 In May, 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo named Ignatius Baffour-Awuah as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet minister, Ignatius Baffour-Awuah is part of the inner circle of the president and is to aid in key decision making activities in the country. Baffour-Awuah is", "title": "Ignatius Baffour-Awuah" }, { "id": "10085630", "text": "He remained speaker until parliament was suspended by the National Liberation Council, formed after the coup d'état that ended the First Republic. He died at Accra Military Hospital in 1978. Ofori-Atta is the uncle of Nana Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana. Kofi Asante Ofori-Atta Aaron Eugene Kofi Asante Ofori-Atta (12 December 1912 – July 1978) was a politician and also the fourth Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana. He was born on 12 December 1912 at Kyebi, Akyem Abuakwa and was a member of the Ofori-Atta royal family. After elementary school he entered Mfantsipim School in 1925 and later left in", "title": "Kofi Asante Ofori-Atta" }, { "id": "2383803", "text": "required to: Also, the President is given the powers: The President may execute or cause to be executed treaties, agreements or conventions in the name of the Republic of Ghana. The President shall take precedence over the populace of the Republic of Ghana and may refer important policy matters to a national referendum, declare war, conclude peace and other treaties, appoint senior public officials, and grant amnesty (with the concurrence of the Parliament of Ghana). In times of serious internal or external turmoil or threat, or economic or financial crises, the President may assume emergency powers \"for the maintenance of", "title": "President of Ghana" }, { "id": "4237656", "text": "him ahead of Afrifa and Kofi Abrefa Busia for the national elections due in August 1969. Afrifa was a supporter of Busia, the leader of the Progress Party who was a candidate in the forthcoming National Assembly elections. Afrifa handed over to Busia who became the Prime Minister of Ghana on inauguration of the Second Republic. He continued as Chairman of the newly created Presidential Commission until August 1970 when he was replaced by Nii Amaa Ollennu, the Speaker of Parliament in the Second Republic. After the overthrow of the democratically elected Busia government by Acheampong and the National Redemption", "title": "Akwasi Afrifa" }, { "id": "17026133", "text": "against the NDC's Ken Dzirasah, wanted to sponsor a PNC newcomer to the position instead. However, Joe Ghartey was eventually unanimously elected to the position by Members of Parliament on 7 January 2013. Since assuming office, he has championed the formulation of rules to guard against conflict of interest among Ghana's legislators. Until his rise to the position of 2nd Deputy Speaker of Parliament, he was the Ranking member of the Constitutional and Legal Affairs Committee, member of the Government Assurances Committee and a member of the Mines and Energy Committee. He currently chairs the Committee of Members Holding Offices", "title": "Joe Ghartey" }, { "id": "11618454", "text": "assembly. By election time in August 1969, the first competitive nationwide political contest since 1956, five parties had been organized. The assembly produced a document providing for a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. Largely in response to Nkrumah's authoritarian excesses, the president's powers were greatly reduced, to a point almost entirely ceremonial. Real power rested with the prime minister and cabinet. The major contenders were the Progress Party (PP), headed by Kofi A. Busia, and the National Alliance of Liberals (NAL), led by Komla A. Gbedemah. Critics associated", "title": "History of Ghana (1966–79)" }, { "id": "16271291", "text": "of Directors, consisting of both public and private sector experts, makes policy decisions to be implemented by GRA Management. The Board also makes recommendations to the Minister of Finance on tax policy, reforms and legislations. The Chairman of the Board as well as the Chief Executive Officer of the Authority called the Commissioner-General are appointed by the President of the Republic of Ghana. The Authority has three main divisions, namely Customs Division (CD) Domestic Tax Revenue Division (DTRD) and Support Services Division (SSD) which are all headed by Commissioners. GRA has been charged to perform amongst others, the following functions", "title": "Ghana Revenue Authority" }, { "id": "675961", "text": "the British Commonwealth. The opposition did not attend the debate, and the vote was unanimous. The British government accepted this motion as clearly representing a reasonable majority, so on 18 September 1956 the British set 6 March 1957, the 113th anniversary of the Bond of 1844, as the date the former British colony of the Gold Coast was to become the independent state of Ghana, and the nation's Legislative Assembly was to become the National Assembly. Nkrumah continued as prime minister, and Queen Elizabeth II as monarch, represented in the former colony by a governor general, Sir Charles Noble Arden-Clarke.", "title": "History of Ghana" }, { "id": "12612090", "text": "coups. At the time of the UNIGOV referendum in 1976, Justice Isaac K. Abban was appointed by the Supreme Military Council under Ignatius Kutu Acheampong. In 1979, Justice Joe Kingsley Nyinah was the Electoral Commissioner during the general election. For the Ghanaian presidential election and parliamentary election in 1992, the Electoral Commissioner was Justice Josiah Ofori Boateng. Electoral Commission of Ghana The Electoral Commission of Ghana is the official body in Ghana responsible for all public elections. Made up of seven members, its independence is guaranteed by the 1992 Ghana constitution. The current commission was established by the Electoral Commission", "title": "Electoral Commission of Ghana" }, { "id": "20194366", "text": "President Nana Akufo-Addo named Dominic Nitiwul as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet minister, Nitiwul is part of the inner circle of the president and is to aid in key decision making activities in the country. Nitiwul is married with four children. Dominic Nitiwul Hon. Dominc Aduna Bingab Nitiwul (born November 4, 1977) is a Ghanaian politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for the Bimbilla constituency in the Northern", "title": "Dominic Nitiwul" }, { "id": "10085397", "text": "of Lincoln's Inn in 1921. He was appointed Speaker of the Parliament in February 1958 in the First Republic of Ghana. Akiwumi married Grace Aryee and, subsequently, Helen Kabuki Ocansey, both Ghanaians. Augustus Molade Akiwumi Justice Augustus Molade Akiwumi (7 April 1891 – ?) was a judge and also the second Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana. Augustus Akiwumi was born in Nigeria but became a naturalised Ghanaian. In 1910 he was sent to live with guardians, a Smith family of Crosby, Cumbria in England. He attended Queen's College, Taunton, Somerset. He proceeded to the Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge University, where", "title": "Augustus Molade Akiwumi" }, { "id": "10086571", "text": "1966. He was appointed a Superior Court judge by the new government and served in Bolgatanga, Cape Coast, Tamale and finally Accra, where he was till he retired from the Bench in 1979. With the handover of power by the military in September 1979, the 3rd Republic was born, and he was unanimously selected to be Speaker of Parliament. He served as Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana from 24 September 1979 until 31 December 1981, during the presidency of Dr.Hilla Limann, whose government was overthrown by Flight Lieutenant J. J. Rawlings. Justice Griffiths-Randolph and his wife Frances Philippina (née", "title": "Jacob Hackenburg Griffiths-Randolph" }, { "id": "14608059", "text": "National House of Chiefs. Each region of Ghana also has an elected representative. The President of Ghana also appoints eleven members. Members stay in office until the term of office of the president ends. The current membership were sworn in by President Nana Akufo-Addo on 27 February 2017 at the State House in Accra. The vacant position reserved for former Chief Justice of Ghana was filled following the appointment of Georgina Theodora Wood following her retirement. Council of State (Ghana) The Council of State in Ghana is a small body of prominent citizens, analogous to the Council of Elders in", "title": "Council of State (Ghana)" }, { "id": "675886", "text": "divided into ten regions: Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, and Western. Ghana is member of ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Politics of Ghana Politics of Ghana takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Ghana is", "title": "Politics of Ghana" }, { "id": "18264223", "text": "declared that Akufo-Addo had defeated Mahama in a single round, the first time that a sitting president of Ghana had failed to win a second term. The president is elected using the two-round system, whilst the 275 members of Parliament are elected in single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. Eligible voters must be Ghanaian citizens who are at least 18 years old, although those declared insane are disenfranchised. Parliamentary candidates must be Ghanaian citizens at least 21 years old, and either be resident in their constituency or have lived there for at least five of the ten years prior to the", "title": "2016 Ghanaian general election" }, { "id": "12612089", "text": "President to bring it to its full complement of seven members. In June 2018, the chairperson, Charlotte Osei, and her two deputies, Amadu Sulley and Georgina Opoku Amankwah were removed from office by President Akufo-Addo on the recommendation of a committee set up by the chief justice. The Electoral Commission of Ghana established a biometric system of registration for the electoral register prior to the 2012 presidential and parliamentary elections to prevent double registration and to eliminate ghost names in the old register. The lives of Electoral Commissions prior to the Fourth Republic of Ghana were interrupted due to military", "title": "Electoral Commission of Ghana" }, { "id": "16980642", "text": "MPs elected in the Ghanaian parliamentary election, 2012 The election of Members of Parliament (MPs) to the 6th Parliament of the Fourth Republic was held on 7 and 8 December 2012. The Speaker is not an elected member of parliament though he/she is qualified to stand for election as such. There are a total of 275 constituencies in Ghana. 45 new constituencies were created prior to the 2012 election. The 6th Parliament shall have its first sitting on Monday 7 January 2013 at \"five minutes past twelve midnight\" (12:05 GMT) to elect a Speaker and Deputy Speakers as well as", "title": "MPs elected in the Ghanaian parliamentary election, 2012" }, { "id": "11851723", "text": "were submitted the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. Coming from a mixed Akan ancestry of the Asante and Fante ethnic subgroups, he speaks Twi and Fanti fluently. In addition, he speaks Ga and is proficient in French. He is married to Patricia Christabel Kyerematen (née Kingsley-Nyinah), the daughter of Justice Joseph Kingsley-Nyinah, Ghana's Electoral Commissioner during the 1979 presidential election. They have two children - Alexander and Victor.Alan Kyerematen’s sister Bridget Kyerematen – Darko died in a fatal gas explosion in January 2017. Alan Kyerematen along with his elder", "title": "Alan John Kyerematen" }, { "id": "11618458", "text": "when the National Assembly met in September. An interim three-member presidential commission, composed of Major Afrifa, Police Inspector General Harlley of the NLC, and the chief of the defense staff, Major General A.K. Ocran, served in place of an elected president for the first year and a half of civilian rule. The commission dissolved itself in August 1970. Before stepping down, Afrifa criticized the constitution, particularly provisions that served more as a bar to the rise of a dictator than as a blueprint for an effective, decisive government. The electoral college chose as president Chief Justice Edward Akufo Addo, one", "title": "History of Ghana (1966–79)" }, { "id": "20207756", "text": "Legislative Council from 1949 to 1951, Speaker of the National Assembly of the Gold Coast from 1951 to 1957, and Speaker of the National Assembly of Ghana from March 1957 to November 1957. Maternally, Clerk’s uncle was the Ghanaian barrister and judge, Nii Amaa Ollennu (1906 – 1986), elected the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana during the Second Republic as well as serving as the Chairman of the Presidential Commission and acting President of Ghana from 7 August 1970 to 31 August 1970. His other maternal uncle was Nathan Quao (1915 – 2005), a diplomat, educationist and public servant", "title": "Nicholas T. Clerk" }, { "id": "675998", "text": "the government, arguing that the referendum vote had not been free or fair. The Acheampong government reacted by banning several organizations and by jailing as many as 300 of its opponents. The agenda for change in the union government referendum called for the drafting of a new constitution by an SMC-appointed commission, the selection of a constituent assembly by November 1978, and general elections in June 1979. The ad hoc committee had recommended a nonparty election, an elected executive president, and a cabinet whose members would be drawn from outside a single-house National Assembly. The military council would then step", "title": "History of Ghana" }, { "id": "12612086", "text": "and corruption leveled against them. In July 2018,the President of Ghana, Nana Addo Dankwa Akuffo Addo nominated 4 EC top officials The new Electoral Commissioner, Jean Adukwei Mensa along with her two new deputies, Samuel Tettey and Eric Bossman as well as another new member Adwoa Asuama Abrefa were all sworn in by President Akufo-Addo on 1 August 2018. The acclaim that the commission received for successfully supporting the close elections of 2008, has made it a focus of African and international election reform organizations. In November 2009, a conference was held to analyze this election, and try to establish", "title": "Electoral Commission of Ghana" }, { "id": "6480276", "text": "Prime Minister of Ghana The Prime Minister of Ghana was the head of government of Ghana from 1957 to 1960 and again from 1969 to 1972. The country's first leader and Prime Minister was Kwame Nkrumah of the Convention People's Party (CPP). He held that post from the date of Ghanaian independence – 6 March 1957 to 1 July 1960, when a new constitution came into effect that abolished the position. Nkrumah became President of the Republic, but was later overthrown in a 1966 military coup. When Ghana returned to civilian rule in 1969, the parliamentary system was restored. The", "title": "Prime Minister of Ghana" }, { "id": "18264222", "text": "2016 Ghanaian general election General elections were held in Ghana on 7 December 2016 to elect a President and Members of Parliament. They had originally been scheduled for 7 November 2016, but the date was later rejected by Parliament. Former foreign minister Nana Akufo-Addo of the opposition New Patriotic Party was elected President on his third attempt, defeating incumbent President John Mahama of the National Democratic Congress. The election results were announced on 9 December 2016 due to a delay of voting in two areas. At 19:51 local time, Mahama called Akufo-Addo to concede defeat. At 20:45, the Electoral Commission", "title": "2016 Ghanaian general election" }, { "id": "12612088", "text": "Afreh is a former member of the Commission who left when he was appointed as a Justice of the Appeal Court in October 1994. Three of the members were appointed by President Kufuor in consultation with the Council of State of Ghana in February 2004 and sworn in on 5 March 2004. They are Mrs. Paulina Adobea Dadzawa, an administrator, Nana Amba Eyiiba I, Efutuhemaa and Krontihemaa of the Oguaa Traditional Area and Eunice Akweley Roberts, an Educationist and Human Resource Practitioner. They were all women. Ebenezer Aggrey Fynn, a Management Consultant was also appointed to the Commission by the", "title": "Electoral Commission of Ghana" }, { "id": "676044", "text": "held on 3 November and parliamentary elections on 29 December that year. Members of the opposition boycotted the parliamentary elections, however, which resulted in a 200-seat Parliament with only 17 opposition party members and two independents. The Constitution entered into force on 7 January 1993, to found the Fourth Republic. On that day, Rawlings was inaugurated as President and members of Parliament swore their oaths of office. In 1996, the opposition fully contested the presidential and parliamentary elections, which were described as peaceful, free, and transparent by domestic and international observers. Rawlings was re-elected with 57% of the popular vote.", "title": "History of Ghana" }, { "id": "415143", "text": "repression\" and engage in dialogue with the opposition. Gnassingbé promised talks with the opposition, but has yet to act on that promise. However, Ghana’s President Nana Akufo-Addo and Alpha Conde of Guinea are involved as mediators to facilitate the organization of a political dialogue to be held \"in a few weeks\". The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The prime minister is appointed by the president. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister. The National Assembly (\"Assemblée Nationale\") has 81 members, elected for a five-year term in", "title": "Politics of Togo" }, { "id": "17026134", "text": "of Profit. As well, he is a member of the Constitutional, Legal and Parliamentary Committee and the Standing Orders Committee. He was also appointed a Consultant to the Parliament of Sierra Leone and drafted a Code of Conduct for that Parliament. In May, 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo named Joe Ghartey as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet minister, Joe Ghartey is part of the inner circle of the president", "title": "Joe Ghartey" }, { "id": "20233937", "text": "Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a cabinet minister, Afeku is part of the president's inner circle and is to aid in key decision making activities in the country. Catherine is married to Seth Afeku with whom she has three children. She is a Christian and a member of the Catholic Church, Ghana. Catherine Afeku Catherine Ablema Afeku (born June 27, 1967) is a Ghanaian politician. She is a member of the New Patriotic Party and the Member of Parliament for the Evalue Gwira Constituency in the Western Region. She is currently a cabinet minister in", "title": "Catherine Afeku" }, { "id": "10085253", "text": "Emmanuel Charles Quist Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist, OBE, also known as Paa Quist (21 May 1880, Christiansborg, Accra – 30 March 1959) was a barrister, educator and judge who served as the first Speaker of the Gold Coast Legislative Assembly and the first Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana. Emmanuel Charles Quist was born in 1880 in Christiansborg, Accra. He was the son of the Reverend Carl Quist, a Basel Mission minister from Osu, Accra. His Ga-Danish mother, Paulina Richter, descended from the Royal House of Anomabo. Richter's ancestor was Henry Richter (died in 1849), a prominent Euro-African from Osu.", "title": "Emmanuel Charles Quist" }, { "id": "4897519", "text": "Ayariga received 0.22% of the vote. The party elected new officials in 2015, with Edward Mahama becoming its presidential candidate and General Secretary Bernard Mornah becoming the Chairman.The new National Treasurer is now Akane Adams who is taken over from his predecessor David Apasera, a former member of Parliament for Bolga Central. The PNC has contested all national elections since the inception of the fourth republic apart from the 1992 parliamentary election, which was boycotted along with other opposition parties. People's National Convention (Ghana) The People's National Convention is a political party in Ghana. At the elections held on 7", "title": "People's National Convention (Ghana)" }, { "id": "9970305", "text": "him Chairman of the National Commission for Democracy in 1984 which was to oversee preparations to return Ghana back to democracy. On the inauguration of the fourth republic, Justice Annan was elected Speaker of Parliament in January 1993, a position he held during the second parliament of the fourth republic as well till 2001. During this period, he got to act as President of Ghana when both the President and Vice President were out of the country. Justice Annan loved sports. He was Chairman of the Ghana Boxing Promotion Syndicate from 1973 to 1976 and Chairman of the Ghana Boxing", "title": "Daniel Francis Annan" }, { "id": "20217583", "text": "the division of several regions in the country in fulfillment of one of his political promises. The Volta region will be redrawn to create the Oti region, and the Western region will be redrawn to create the Western-north region. In May 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo named Dan Botwe as one of 19 ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted to the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet minister, Dan Botwe is part of the inner circle of the president and", "title": "Dan Botwe" }, { "id": "675946", "text": "a different political climate in London, which came about only with the postwar election of a British Labour Party government. The new Gold Coast constitution of March 29, 1946 (also known as the Burns constitution after the governor of the time, Sir Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns) was a bold document. For the first time, the concept of an official majority was abandoned. The Legislative Council was now composed of six ex-officio members, six nominated members, and eighteen elected members, however the Legislative Council continued to have purely advisory powers – all executive power remained with the governor. The 1946 constitution", "title": "History of Ghana" }, { "id": "17728798", "text": "Vice-President of Ghana The Vice-President of the Republic of Ghana is the second-highest executive official in Ghana. The vice-president, together with the President of Ghana, is directly elected by the people through popular vote to serve a four-year term of office. The vice-president is the first person in the presidential line of succession, and would ascend to the presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. The current vice-president is Mahamudu Bawumia, who took office on 7 January 2017, under President Nana Akufo-Addo. The provisions of article 62 of the 1992 Constitution apply to a candidate for election", "title": "Vice-President of Ghana" }, { "id": "2383810", "text": "or she is already in office and is not waiting to become president. Likewise, if a Vice President succeeds to the Presidency by way of the President's death, resignation or removal (via impeachment) from office, that person never holds the title of President-elect, as they would become President immediately. The most recent President-elect is former Minister of Foreign Affairs Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party, who won the presidential election on 9 December 2016. The Vice President-elect of Ghana is the running mate of presidential candidate who wins an election. First established after the adoption of the 3rd Constitution", "title": "President of Ghana" }, { "id": "17469855", "text": "Addae), Ghana’s first female foreign minister. They had three children. His younger brother, Gottfried Dzane Nikoi worked in the Attorney–General's Department as a state attorney. His maternal uncle was the Ghanaian barrister and judge, Nii Amaa Ollennu who was elected the Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana during the Second Republic as well as serving as the Chairman of the Presidential Commission and acting President of Ghana from 7 August 1970 to 31 August 1970. The diplomat and public servant, Nathan Quao was also his uncle. His first cousins were the brothers, Nicholas and George Clerk. Nikoi died of natural", "title": "Amon Nikoi" }, { "id": "19983856", "text": "on merit. In May, 2017, President Nana Akufo-Addo named Boakye Agyarko as part of nineteen ministers who would form his cabinet. The names of the 19 ministers were submitted the Parliament of Ghana and announced by the Speaker of the House, Rt. Hon. Prof. Mike Ocquaye. As a Cabinet minister, Agyarko is part of the inner circle of the president and is to aid in key decision making activities in the country. Boakye Agyarko Boakye Kyeremateng Agyarko (1956) is a Ghanaian economist and politician. He was the vice president of the Bank of New York. He was the former Minister", "title": "Boakye Agyarko" }, { "id": "675920", "text": "of the advantages offered by the British presence led to the initiation of another important step. In April 1852, local chiefs and elders met at Cape Coast to consult with the governor on means of raising revenue. With the governor's approval, the council of chiefs constituted itself as a legislative assembly. In approving its resolutions, the governor indicated that the assembly of chiefs should become a permanent fixture of the protectorate's constitutional machinery, but the assembly was given no specific constitutional authority to pass laws or to levy taxes without the consent of the people. The Second Anglo-Ashanti War broke", "title": "History of Ghana" }, { "id": "2383809", "text": "for the President costed 105 million cedis (about $55 mln). The jet aircraft planned location is in the Ghanaian Presidential Retreat's Peduase Lodge. The President-elect of Ghana is the apparent winner, as ascertained by the Chairperson of the Electoral Commission of Ghana, following the general election on 7 December. During the period between the presidential election and the inauguration, the outgoing president is a lame duck, while the incoming president heads a presidential transition team to ensure a smooth handover of power. If a sitting president has won re-election, the incumbent is not referred to as a president-elect as he", "title": "President of Ghana" }, { "id": "20272891", "text": "votes cast. Cecilia Dapaah was a member of the Parliament of Ghana from 2009 to 2013. She served on various parliamentary committees in Ghana including Works and Housing; Advisory Committee to the Speaker of the Parliament; Employment, Social welfare and Youth; Foreign Affairs; and Special Budget. On 7 January 2017, President Akuffo-Addo nominated her for the position of Minister of Aviation. She was vetted by the Appointments Committee of the Parliament of Ghana on 8 February 2017. During her vetting, she testified that she would improve the aviation industry in Ghana, and that her priority was to restart a national", "title": "Cecilia Dapaah" } ]

[ "Sub-Saharan nation in West Africa" ]

[ { "id": "238333", "text": "the civil war. Liberia is situated in West Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean to the country's southwest. It lies between latitudes 4° and 9°N, and longitudes 7° and 12°W. The landscape is characterized by mostly flat to rolling coastal plains that contain mangroves and swamps, which rise to a rolling plateau and low mountains in the northeast. Tropical rainforests cover the hills, while elephant grass and semi-deciduous forests make up the dominant vegetation in the northern sections. The equatorial climate is hot year-round with heavy rainfall from May to October with a short interlude in mid-July to August. During", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238308", "text": "Liberia Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its west, Guinea to its north and Ivory Coast to its east, the Atlantic Ocean to its south. It covers an area of and has a population of around 4,700,000 people. English is the official language and over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, representing the numerous ethnic groups who make up more than 95% of the population. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia. Liberia began as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), who", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238441", "text": "Geography of Liberia Liberia is a Sub-Saharan nation in West Africa located at 6 °N, 9 °W. It borders the north Atlantic Ocean to the southwest ( of coastline) and three other African nations on the other three sides. In total, Liberia comprises of which is land and is water. The total length of Liberia's land borders is : with Sierra Leone on the northwest, with Guinea to the north, and with Ivory Coast. Liberia currently claims a territorial sea of . Liberia has a mostly hilly terrain, from rolling plains along the coast to a rolling plateau and low", "title": "Geography of Liberia" }, { "id": "238443", "text": "species for bushmeat, the pollution of rivers and coastal waters from industrial run-off and raw sewage, and the burning and dumping of household waste. \"party to:\" Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands <br>\"signed, but not ratified:\" Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation This is a list of the extreme points of Liberia, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location. Geography of Liberia Liberia is a Sub-Saharan nation in West Africa located at 6", "title": "Geography of Liberia" }, { "id": "238376", "text": "with government reports concurrently using both United States Customary and metric units. In 2018 the Liberian Commerce and Industry Minister announced that the Liberian government are committed to adopting the metric system. Liberia Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its west, Guinea to its north and Ivory Coast to its east, the Atlantic Ocean to its south. It covers an area of and has a population of around 4,700,000 people. English is the official language and over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, representing the", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238337", "text": "the largest of the counties in size at , while Montserrado is the smallest at . Montserrado is also the most populous county with 1,144,806 residents as of the 2008 census. The fifteen counties are administered by superintendents appointed by the president. The Constitution calls for the election of various chiefs at the county and local level, but these elections have not taken place since 1985 due to war and financial constraints. Parallel to the administrative divisions of the country are the local and municipal divisions. Liberia currently does not have any constitutional framework or uniform statutes which deal with", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238336", "text": "forests opening onto a plateau of drier grasslands. The climate is equatorial, with significant rainfall during the May–October rainy season and harsh harmattan winds the remainder of the year. Liberia possesses about forty percent of the remaining Upper Guinean rainforest. It was an important producer of rubber in the early 20th century. Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into \"clans\". The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Nimba is", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238380", "text": "the country, who constitute the majority of the population. Years of civil war have disrupted the country and its economy. Historians believe that many of the indigenous peoples of Liberia migrated there from the north and east between the 12th and 16th centuries AD. Portuguese explorers established contacts with people of the land later known as \"Liberia\" as early as 1462. They named the area \"Costa da Pimentia\" (Pepper Coast), or Grain Coast, because of the abundance of melegueta pepper, which became desired in European cooking. In 1602 the Dutch established a trading post at Grand Cape Mount but destroyed", "title": "History of Liberia" }, { "id": "238334", "text": "the winter months of November to March, dry dust-laden harmattan winds blow inland, causing many problems for residents. Liberia's watershed tends to move in a southwestern pattern towards the sea as new rains move down the forested plateau off the inland mountain range of Guinée Forestière, in Guinea. Cape Mount near the border with Sierra Leone receives the most precipitation in the nation. Liberia's main northwestern boundary is traversed by the Mano River while its southeast limits are bounded by the Cavalla River. Liberia's three largest rivers are St. Paul exiting near Monrovia, the river St. John at Buchanan and", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238359", "text": "and Woodside Petroleum. As of the 2017 national census, Liberia was home to 4,694,608 people. Of those, 1,118,241 lived in Montserrado County, the most populous county in the country and home to the capital of Monrovia. The Greater Monrovia District has 970,824 residents. Nimba County is the next most populous county, with 462,026 residents. As revealed in the 2008 census, Monrovia is more than four times more populous than all the county capitals combined. Prior to the 2008 census, the last census had been held in 1984 and listed the country's population as 2,101,628. The population of Liberia was 1,016,443", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "13576829", "text": "Administrative divisions of Liberia Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into \"clans\". After independence in 1847, Liberia was divided into five counties - Grand Cape Mount, Montserrado, Grand Bassa, Sinoe, and Maryland Counties extending along the coast. The remaining area upcountry was administered by Americo-Liberian district commissioners. In 1964, under President William Tubman's 'Unification' policy, the three inland provinces were disestablished, and all the inland administrative divisions converted into counties: Grand Gedeh, Nimba, Bong, and Lofa. In 1984, under Samuel Doe, Grand Kru and Bomi counties", "title": "Administrative divisions of Liberia" }, { "id": "6359045", "text": "country has been divided into; each sector contains a full range of combat units, engineering and medical support. The force listing given below dates from before the reduction in force strength carried out in 2007-09; there are now two sectors, A covering former Sectors 1 and 2 and based at Bushrod Island, Monrovia, and B covering Sectors 3 and 4 and apparently based at Gbarnga. Force commander as of December 2015 is Major General Salihu Zaway Uba of Nigeria. General Luka Yusuf of Nigeria served as commander of Sector 1, before becoming Command Officer-in-Charge of the new Armed Forces of", "title": "United Nations Mission in Liberia" }, { "id": "18888409", "text": "Liberia, North Carolina Liberia is an unincorporated community in Warren County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located at the junction of North Carolina Highway 43 and North Carolina Highway 58, which connect Rocky Mount and Wilson respectively to the county seat at Warrenton. A predominantly African-American community, Liberia was founded after the Civil War; it was named for the African nation of Liberia, where many freed slaves migrated to after the war. The Liberia School and the Warren County Fire Tower, which are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places, are located in the vicinity of", "title": "Liberia, North Carolina" }, { "id": "238442", "text": "mountains in the northeast. The lowest point on Liberia is at sea level on the Atlantic Ocean. The highest point on Liberia is 1380 m above sea level at Mount Wuteve. Natural resources that are found in Liberia include iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold and hydropower. \"arable land:\" 4.04% <br>\"permanent crops:\" 1.62% <br>\"other:\" 94.34% (2011) 21 square kilometres of Liberia's land was irrigated as of 2003. The natural hazard that occurs in Liberia is a dust-laden harmattan wind that blows from the Sahara (December to March). Environmental issues in Liberia include the deforestation of tropical rainforest, the hunting of endangered", "title": "Geography of Liberia" }, { "id": "11604200", "text": "settled in Rhode Island, Staten Island, Philadelphia, Virginia, Georgia and Minnesota. By 2010, Liberians established another sizable community in California primarily in West Los Angeles and San Francisco-Oakland. Liberian American organizations estimate there are between 250,000 and 500,000 Liberians living in the United States. This figure includes Liberian residents that have a temporary status, and American of Liberian descent. Cities with large Liberian populations include Brooklyn Park, MN, Minneapolis, MN, St. Paul, MN, Brooklyn Center, MN, Providence, RI, Pawtucket, RI, Staten Island, NY, Newark, NJ, Trenton, NJ, Ewing, NJ, Willingboro, NJ, Morrisville, PA, Bristol, PA, Northeast Philadelphia, Southwest Philadelphia, Darby,", "title": "Liberian Americans" }, { "id": "238313", "text": "peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005, in which Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was elected President. Recovery proceeds but about 85% of the population lives below the international poverty line. Liberia's economic and political stability was threatened in the 2010s by an Ebola virus epidemic; it originated in Guinea in December 2013, entered Liberia in March 2014, and was declared officially ended on May 8, 2015. The Pepper Coast, also known as the Grain Coast, has been inhabited by indigenous peoples of Africa at least as far back as the 12th century. Mende-speaking people expanded westward from the", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "18888410", "text": "Liberia. Liberia, North Carolina Liberia is an unincorporated community in Warren County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located at the junction of North Carolina Highway 43 and North Carolina Highway 58, which connect Rocky Mount and Wilson respectively to the county seat at Warrenton. A predominantly African-American community, Liberia was founded after the Civil War; it was named for the African nation of Liberia, where many freed slaves migrated to after the war. The Liberia School and the Warren County Fire Tower, which are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places, are located in the vicinity", "title": "Liberia, North Carolina" }, { "id": "13576832", "text": "of the chiefs. The units of clans and chiefdoms gradually merged into the state. The County Council, affirmed in the Budget Act of 2012, replaced informal town hall meetings and includes a broad representation of citizen groups, districts, chiefdoms and clans. Administrative divisions of Liberia Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into \"clans\". After independence in 1847, Liberia was divided into five counties - Grand Cape Mount, Montserrado, Grand Bassa, Sinoe, and Maryland Counties extending along the coast. The remaining area upcountry was administered by Americo-Liberian", "title": "Administrative divisions of Liberia" }, { "id": "13576830", "text": "were established. In 1985, two more counties were created: Margibi and River Cess. The last two current counties were created under Charles Taylor: River Gee in 2000 and Gbarpolu in 2001. The fifteen counties are administered by superintendents appointed by the president. The Constitution calls for the election of various chiefs at the county and local level. These elections have not taken place since 1985 due to war and financial constraints. There are 15 counties in Liberia. Clans of Liberia were local political units created as part of an effort to extend influence to the hinterland of the country. The", "title": "Administrative divisions of Liberia" }, { "id": "5719217", "text": "River Gee County River Gee is a county in the southern portion of Liberia. One of 15 counties that constitute the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has six districts. Fish Town serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring . As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 66,789, making it the third-least populous county in Liberia. It was created in 2000. The tenth-largest area, it is bordered by Sinoe County to the west, Grand Gedeh County to the north, and Grand Kru and Maryland counties to the south. The eastern part", "title": "River Gee County" }, { "id": "7832101", "text": "Chinese language and is in cooperation with the Changsha University of Science and Technology. UL is a member of the Association of African Universities. The publicly funded university is divided into three campuses. The main, original campus in downtown Monrovia, a medical campus, and the Fendall campus, about 14 miles northeast of Monrovia. The College of Agriculture and Forestry is at the rural Fendell Campus. The university provides four buses to transport students between these campuses. The main campus was originally designed by J. Max Bond, Sr., who the president of the school in the early 1950s. Radio station LUX", "title": "University of Liberia" }, { "id": "238335", "text": "the Cestos River, all of which flow into the Atlantic. The Cavalla is the longest river in the nation at . The highest point wholly within Liberia is Mount Wuteve at above sea level in the northwestern Liberia range of the West Africa Mountains and the Guinea Highlands. However, Mount Nimba near Yekepa, is higher at above sea level but is not wholly within Liberia as Nimba shares a border with Guinea and Ivory Coast and is their tallest mountain as well. Forests on the coastline are composed mostly of salt-tolerant mangrove trees, while the more sparsely populated inland has", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "14466172", "text": "United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia The United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) was a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Liberia. It was established in Resolution 866 (1993) and headquartered in the capital Monrovia. UNOMIL was created as part of the Cotonou Agreement to support the efforts of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in Liberia during the First Liberian Civil War (1989–1996). Its initial mandate was to monitor the implementation of peace agreements between the Liberian parties, investigate ceasefire violations, assist in maintenance of assembly sites and demobilisation of combatants, facilitate humanitarian assistance, investigate violations of", "title": "United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia" }, { "id": "4667830", "text": "Cape Palmas Cape Palmas is a headland on the extreme southeast end of the coast of Liberia, Africa, at the extreme southwest corner of the northern half of the continent. The Cape itself consists of a small, rocky peninsula connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus. Immediately to the west of the peninsula is the estuary of the Hoffman River. Approximately 21 km (15 mi) further along the coast to the east, the Cavalla River empties into the sea, marking the border between Liberia and the Côte d'Ivoire. It marks the western limit of the Gulf of Guinea, according", "title": "Cape Palmas" }, { "id": "238314", "text": "Sudan, forcing many smaller ethnic groups southward toward the Atlantic Ocean. The Dei, Bassa, Kru, Gola and Kissi were some of the earliest documented peoples in the area. This influx of these groups was compounded by the decline of the Western Sudanic Mali Empire in 1375 and the Songhai Empire in 1591. Liberia was a part of the Kingdom of Koya from 1450 to 1898. As inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter coast. These new inhabitants brought skills such as cotton spinning, cloth weaving, iron smelting, rice and sorghum cultivation, and social and political institutions from the", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238387", "text": "Monrovia, from the indigenous ruler King Peter (perhaps with some threat of force). From the beginning, the colonists were attacked by indigenous peoples whose territory this was, such as the Malinké tribes. In addition, they suffered from disease, the harsh climate, lack of food and medicine, and poor housing conditions. Until 1835, five more colonies were started by American state colonization societies, and one by the U.S. government, all in the area of the ACS settlement. The first colony on Cape Mesurado was extended, along the coast as well as inland, sometimes by use of force against the native tribes.", "title": "History of Liberia" }, { "id": "238465", "text": "court and magistrate courts in the counties. There also are traditional courts and lay courts in the counties. Trial by ordeal is practiced in various parts of Liberia. The basic unit of local government is the town chief. There are clan chiefs, paramount chiefs, and district commissioners. The counties are governed by superintendents appointed by the President. There are fifteen counties in Liberia. ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU,", "title": "Politics of Liberia" }, { "id": "238315", "text": "Mali and Songhai empires. Shortly after the Mane conquered the region, the Vai people of the former Mali Empire immigrated into the Grand Cape Mount County region. The ethnic Kru opposed the influx of Vai, forming an alliance with the Mane to stop further influx of Vai. People along the coast built canoes and traded with other West Africans from Cap-Vert to the Gold Coast. Arab traders entered the region from the north, and a long-established slave trade took captives to north and east Africa. Between 1461 and the late 17th century, Portuguese, Dutch and British traders had contacts and", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "5719155", "text": "Bomi County Bomi is a county in the northwestern portion of the West African nation of Liberia established in 1984. One of 15 counties that comprise the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has four districts. Tubmanburg serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring . As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 82,036, making it the twelfth most populous county in Liberia. Bomi is bordered by Grand Cape Mount County to the west, Gbarpolu County to the north, Montserrado County to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. From", "title": "Bomi County" }, { "id": "18895914", "text": "at the expense of biodiversity. The nation consists of flat, coastal plains and dwarf mountains further inland in the north east. Three quarters of the country's land is made up of latosol, a reddish, mineral-rich but infertile soil found in tropical rainforest. While suitable for timber production, without leaf litter it quickly loses its fertility. This, in deforested area, combined with a lack of chemicals, causes Liberia's low yields. A tropical climate gives high temperatures all-year round (roughly 27 °C), relative humidity of 65-80%, and heavy rainfall, especially in coastal regions with 3,500-4,600 mm. The rainy season lasts from May", "title": "Agriculture in Liberia" }, { "id": "238356", "text": "3500 vessels registered under its flag accounting for 11% of ships worldwide. There are six major newspapers in Liberia, and 45% of the population has a mobile phone service. Much of Liberia's communications infrastructure was destroyed or plundered during the two civil wars (1989–1996 and 1999–2003). With low rates of adult literacy and high poverty rates, television and newspaper use is limited, leaving radio as the predominant means of communicating with the public. Liberia's economic main links to the outside world come through Monrovia, via the port and airport in the capital. Formal electricity services are provided solely by the", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "4667935", "text": "Sanniquellie Sanniquellie is a city and the capital of Nimba County and Sanniquellie-Mahn District, Liberia. It is located in the north-east of the country at coordinates 07°21'49\" N 008°42'40\" W. The average altitude of the city is 420 metres above the sea level. As of the 2008 national census, the population stood at 11,415. The most represented tribes are Mano, Gio and Mandingo. Sanniquellie is situated on the unpaved road connecting Yekepa, Ganta, Gbarnga, Kakata, and Monrovia. The average rainy season lasts from May to October, dry season from mid-October to April/May. The coldest month is the second half of", "title": "Sanniquellie" }, { "id": "238444", "text": "Demographics of Liberia The demographics of Liberia are examined on this page, including Liberia's population density, ethnic groups, education level, population health, economic status, religious affiliations and other demographic information. As of 2006, Liberia has the highest population growth rate in the world (4.50% per annum). 43.5% of Liberians were below the age of 15 in 2010. With recent civil wars being fought along ethnic lines, Liberia is a multiethnic and multicultural country. Diversity has always been celebrated in Liberian culture - ethnically based civil wars aside - in regard to cuisine, music, fashion, language and people. Despite individuals at", "title": "Demographics of Liberia" }, { "id": "4667835", "text": "annexation treaty with the Republic of Liberia. The city of Harper, Liberia (established 1835 by the Maryland State Colonization Society) extends to the northeast inland along the estuary of the Hoffman, providing a small harbor; the Hoffman Station settlement is on the right bank. The name \"Cape Palmas\" is generalized to indicate the entire surrounding region of Maryland County. It is also frequently applied in the vernacular as being virtually synonymous with the county seat, Harper. Cape Palmas Cape Palmas is a headland on the extreme southeast end of the coast of Liberia, Africa, at the extreme southwest corner of", "title": "Cape Palmas" }, { "id": "238344", "text": "and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate courts and justices of the peace. The judicial system is a blend of common law, based on Anglo-American law, and customary law. An informal system of traditional courts still exists within the rural areas of the country, with trial by ordeal remaining common despite being officially outlawed. Between 1877 and 1980, the government was dominated by the True Whig Party.", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238548", "text": "Nations (see Permanent Representative of Liberia to the United Nations) and its specialized agencies and is a member of the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), African Development Bank (ADB), Mano River Union (MRU) and the Non-Aligned Movement. Liberia is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98). Foreign relations of Liberia Liberian foreign relations were traditionally stable and cordial throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries. During the 1990s, Charles Taylor's presidency and the First and Second Liberian Civil", "title": "Foreign relations of Liberia" }, { "id": "11604201", "text": "PA, Upper Darby, PA, Folcroft, PA, Sharon Hill, PA, Baltimore, MD, Silver Spring, MD, Gaithersburg, MD, Johnson City, TN, Charlotte, NC, Lawrenceville, GA, Jacksonville, Fl, Fargo, ND, Des Moines, IA, Sioux Falls, SD, Columbus, OH, Fort Worth, TX, Phoenix, AZ Many Liberians have formed families in United States. However, some still vow to return to their country once the political and social situation stabilizes, which, according to the president of the Union of Liberian Associations in the Americas, Joseph D. Z. Korto, seems unlikely to happen in a \"near future.\" While there is a variety of languages spoken in Liberia", "title": "Liberian Americans" }, { "id": "238386", "text": "was founded in 1817 by Virginia politician Charles F. Mercer and Presbyterian minister Robert Finley of New Jersey. The goal of the ACS was to settle free blacks outside of the United States; its method was to help them relocate to Africa. From January 1820, the ACS sent ships from New York to West Africa. The first had 88 free black emigrants and three white ACS agents on board. The agents were to find an appropriate area for a settlement. Additional ACS representatives arrived in the . In December 1821, they acquired Cape Mesurado, a strip of land near present-day", "title": "History of Liberia" }, { "id": "1978335", "text": "Monrovia Monrovia is the capital city of the West African country of Liberia. Located on the Atlantic Coast at Cape Mesurado, Monrovia had a population of 1,010,970 as of the 2008 census. With 29% of the total population of Liberia, Monrovia is the country's most populous city. Founded on April 25, 1822, Monrovia was the second permanent Black American settlement in Africa after Freetown, Sierra Leone. Monrovia's economy is shaped primarily by its harbour and its role as the location of Liberia's government offices. Monrovia is named in honor of U.S. President James Monroe, a prominent supporter of the colonization", "title": "Monrovia" }, { "id": "5719158", "text": "36.6 persons per sq. mile. Bomi County Bomi is a county in the northwestern portion of the West African nation of Liberia established in 1984. One of 15 counties that comprise the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has four districts. Tubmanburg serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring . As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 82,036, making it the twelfth most populous county in Liberia. Bomi is bordered by Grand Cape Mount County to the west, Gbarpolu County to the north, Montserrado County to the southeast, and the Atlantic", "title": "Bomi County" }, { "id": "6503654", "text": "3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA). \"Click on the button in the header to sort each column.\" The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998: ISO 3166-2:LR ISO 3166-2:LR is the entry for Liberia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Liberia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 15 counties. Each code", "title": "ISO 3166-2:LR" }, { "id": "20746991", "text": "rainfall slowly leached away silicates, a process known as laterization, leaving highly enriched medium and high-grade ores. The Mount Nimba area once had the best reserves, but almost of it has been extracted. The banded iron formations also host lode gold deposits. Because of extensive laterization, Liberia may have significant nickel and cobalt deposits. Along with Guinea, Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast, Liberia has some of the best diamond potential in Africa, in kimberlite pipes in the underlying Archean Man Shield, although very large deposits of diamonds have not been discovered. Because of political turmoil and violence, most diamond mining", "title": "Geology of Liberia" }, { "id": "18817452", "text": "ore has witnessed substantial growth in recent years. Diamond and gold mines are under active development since 2010 under many agreements signed with the private sector. The New Liberty Gold (NLG) mine covering an area of is under exploration and extraction under a license granted to the private sector company, African Aura. The Gondoja Hills area which is located to the north east of Weaju is considered productive. In the Bea Mountain region, the Larjor and Kinjor camps are major hard rock artisanal mining locations. Gbarpolu County still remains one of Liberia most fertile county for gold mining. Mining industry", "title": "Mining industry of Liberia" }, { "id": "6359046", "text": "Liberia as a Major General in March 2006. From 2012 to 2013, United States Army Brigadier General Hugh Van Roosen, commanded the mission, the first for an American since 1996 in Bosnia. The Sector B area of responsibility covers Lofa, Bong, Nimba, Grand Gedeh, River Gee, Maryland and Grand Kru Counties. The sector headquarters is in Gbarnga, Bong County. Military units within this sector include one Pakistan infantry battalion, one Bangladesh infantry battalion and one Ghanaian infantry battalion, UNMO Teams 6-11, three level-2 hospitals (China, Bangladesh and Pakistan), Bangladesh signal company, Bangladesh logistics company and Bangladesh military police unit. The", "title": "United Nations Mission in Liberia" }, { "id": "6359023", "text": "United Nations Mission in Liberia The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was a peacekeeping force established in September 2003 to monitor a ceasefire agreement in Liberia following the resignation of President Charles Taylor and the conclusion of the Second Liberian Civil War. The peacekeeping mission formally withdrew on 30 March 2018. At its peak it consisted of up to 15,000 United Nations military personnel and 1,115 police officers, along with a civilian component. It superseded the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL). As of July 2016, 1,240 U.N. military and 606 police personnel remained on the ground, but", "title": "United Nations Mission in Liberia" }, { "id": "238420", "text": "fighters formed rebel group United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO), entered western Liberia in September ’91, and gained territories from the NPFL. In 1993, ECOWAS brokered a peace agreement in Cotonou, Benin. On 22 September 1993, the United Nations established the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) to support ECOMOG in implementing the Cotonou agreement. March 1994, the Interim Government of Amos Sawyer was succeeded by a Council of State of six members headed by David D. Kpormakpor. Renewed armed hostilities broke out in 1994 and held on. During the course of the year, ULIMO split into", "title": "History of Liberia" }, { "id": "238453", "text": "38.3% <br>\"male:\" 53.9% <br>\"female:\" 22.4% <br>\"note:\" these figures are increasing because of the improving school system Demographics of Liberia The demographics of Liberia are examined on this page, including Liberia's population density, ethnic groups, education level, population health, economic status, religious affiliations and other demographic information. As of 2006, Liberia has the highest population growth rate in the world (4.50% per annum). 43.5% of Liberians were below the age of 15 in 2010. With recent civil wars being fought along ethnic lines, Liberia is a multiethnic and multicultural country. Diversity has always been celebrated in Liberian culture - ethnically based", "title": "Demographics of Liberia" }, { "id": "4667979", "text": "Charles Taylor, Alhaji Kromah and George Boley, took control of the country preparatory to elections that were originally scheduled for 1996. Heavy fighting broke out again in April 1996. This led to the evacuation of most international Non-governmental organizations and the destruction of much of Monrovia. In August 1996, these battles were ended by the Abuja Accord in Nigeria, agreeing to disarmament and demobilization by 1997 and elections in July of that year. 3 September 1996, Sankawulo is followed by Ruth Perry as chairwoman of the ruling council, who served until 2 August 1997. Simultaneous elections for the presidency and", "title": "First Liberian Civil War" }, { "id": "15015476", "text": "Railways in Liberia Railways in Liberia comprised two lines from the port of Monrovia in the northeast, and one line from the port of Buchanan in the centre. The principal traffic is, or was, iron ore. In 2010, only the Bong mine railway was operational but the Lamco Railway was at least partially rebuilt by Arcelor Mittal and put back into service in 2011. The gauge Mano River railway primarily carried freight, but had a very limited passenger service between Monrovia, Mano River terminal, Brewerville, Klay, Tubmanburg, and Mano River Mine. These are now disused, due to exhaustion of the", "title": "Railways in Liberia" }, { "id": "238375", "text": "basketball. The Liberian national basketball team has reached the AfroBasket twice, in 1983 and 2007. In Liberia, the Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports Complex serves as a multi-purpose stadium. It hosts FIFA World Cup qualifying matches in addition to international concerts and national political events. Liberia is one of only three countries that have not officially adopted the International System of Units (short SI, also called the metric system), the others being the United States and Myanmar. The Liberian government has begun transitioning away from use of United States Customary Units to the metric system. However, this change has been gradual,", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238332", "text": "Mission in Liberia began arriving in September 2003 to provide security and monitor the peace accord, and an interim government took power the following October. The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-educated economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa. Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Nigeria and transferred him to the SCSL for trial in The Hague. In 2006, the government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address the causes and crimes of", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238445", "text": "power claim that 80% of the population is Christian, most of the population follow traditional African belief system and an other significant portion belong to Islamic faith. According to , Liberia's total population was in . This is compared to 911,000 in 1950. 43.5% of Liberians were below the age of 15 in 2010. 53.7% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.8% were 65 years or older. As of 2006, Liberia has the highest population growth rate in the world (4.50% per annum). Registration of vital events is in Liberia not complete. The Population Departement of the", "title": "Demographics of Liberia" }, { "id": "373284", "text": "and near the country's capital Freetown. Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, lying mostly between latitudes 7° and 10°N (a small area is south of 7°), and longitudes 10° and 14°W. The country is bordered by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Sierra Leone has a total area of , divided into a land area of and water of . The country has four distinct geographical regions. In eastern Sierra Leone the plateau is interspersed with high mountains, where Mount Bintumani reaches ,", "title": "Sierra Leone" }, { "id": "4667956", "text": "Ganta Ganta, also known as Gompa City, is a town approximately 201 miles from Monrovia in Nimba County of northern Liberia. It is located just south of the Guinea border. It is the second-most populous city in Liberia, with an estimated population of 41,106 as of 2008. A bustling market town, it contains a prominent white mosque, noted for its decorated minarets of carved stars. It is connected by highway to Zwedru, some to the southeast. The Mani River passes through the northern part of the town, marking the border between Liberia and Guinea. Ganta is an emerging city with", "title": "Ganta" }, { "id": "10624019", "text": "Liberia (canton) Liberia is the first canton in the province of Guanacaste in Costa Rica. The canton covers an area of 1,436.47 km², and has a population of 67,463. Prominent geologic features of Liberia include Cerro Cacao (Cacao Mountain) and Rincón de la Vieja. The latter is the center of the Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park. The canton also includes the most visited portion of Santa Rosa National Park on its northwest border. The Río Salto delineates the southwestern border as far as the Río Tempisque, and the Tempisque forms the border on the southeast as far as", "title": "Liberia (canton)" }, { "id": "4667983", "text": "claimed the lives of one out of every 17 people in the country, uprooted most of the rest, and destroyed a once-viable economic infrastructure. The strife also spread to Liberia's neighbors. It helped slow democratization in West Africa at the beginning of the 1990s and destabilized a region that already was one of the world's most unsteady. The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 and ended in October 2003, when ECOWAS intervened to stop the rebel siege on Monrovia and exiled Charles Taylor to Nigeria until he was arrested in 2006 and taken to The Hague for his trial.", "title": "First Liberian Civil War" }, { "id": "65510", "text": "torrential flooding is a danger. Extreme points are the geographic points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location in the country. Geography of Ivory Coast Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) is a sub-Saharan nation in southern West Africa located at 8 00°N, 5 00°W. The country is approximately square in shape. Its southern border is a coastline on the Gulf of Guinea on the north Atlantic Ocean. On the other three sides it borders five other African nations for a total of : Liberia to the southwest for , Guinea to the northwest for , Mali", "title": "Geography of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "4482050", "text": "first-past-the-post method. Senatorial elections are staggered, with one senator from each county being elected in elections held three years apart, followed by a six-year period in which no senatorial elections are held. All citizens who are 18 years or older may register to vote in elections. Under Article 83(a) of the Constitution, elections are held on the second Tuesday of October every election year, with presidential run-off elections being held on the second Tuesday following the announcement of the results of the first round. Elections are regulated by the National Elections Commission of Liberia (NEC). The first round of a", "title": "Elections in Liberia" }, { "id": "15337194", "text": "Rivercess County Rivercess County is a county in the south-central portion of the West African nation of Liberia. One of 15 counties that compose the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has six districts. Cesstos City serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring . As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 71,509, making it the third least most populous county in Liberia. Eighth largest in area, the county was created in 1984. It is bordered by Grand Bassa County to the west, Nimba County on the northeast, and Sinoe County to", "title": "Rivercess County" }, { "id": "1869537", "text": "representing the African continent. The Liberian flag is modeled after and resembles the American flag at the time in the 1820s and 1830s, (26 stars / states) because Liberia was founded, colonized, established, and controlled by freed African-American and Caribbean / West Indies slaves as settlers from the United States and the Caribbean with the help and support from the American Colonization Society (ACS), which was a private organization establishment that sent freed American and ex-Caribbean slaves as settlers from the United States and the Caribbean. When the freed American slaves arrived in Liberia in 1822, they identified themselves as", "title": "Flag of Liberia" }, { "id": "3370920", "text": "coastlines, let alone its interior regions, were known to any culture. New knowledge of the Earth's surface has been accumulating ever since and continues to this day. Maps of the world generally focus either on political features or on physical features. Political maps emphasize territorial boundaries and human settlement. Physical maps show geographic features such as mountains, soil type or land use. Geological maps show not only the surface, but characteristics of the underlying rock, fault lines, and subsurface structures. Choropleth maps use color hue and intensity to contrast differences between regions, such as demographic or economic statistics. A map", "title": "World map" }, { "id": "238377", "text": "History of Liberia Liberia is a country in West Africa which was founded, established, colonized, and controlled by citizens of the United States and ex-Caribbean slaves as a colony for former African American slaves and their free black descendants. It is one of only two sovereign countries in the world that were started by citizens and ex-Caribbean slaves of a political power as a colony for former slaves of the same political power, the other being Sierra Leone, established by Great Britain. Settlement of former slaves was organised by the American Colonization Society (ACS). The mortality rate of these settlers", "title": "History of Liberia" }, { "id": "6503653", "text": "ISO 3166-2:LR ISO 3166-2:LR is the entry for Liberia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Liberia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 15 counties. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Liberia. The second part is two letters. Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO", "title": "ISO 3166-2:LR" }, { "id": "5719172", "text": "Grand Gedeh County Grand Gedeh is a county in the eastern portion of the West African nation of Liberia. One of 15 counties that constitute the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has three districts. Zwedru (formerly Tchien) serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring . As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 126,146, making it the ninth most populous county in Liberia. Grand Chedah has lower tropical forests which has mid size hills composed of various valleys and water courses. These forests receive a very high rainfall ranging from to", "title": "Grand Gedeh County" }, { "id": "14295300", "text": "in 1822, the Maryland State Colonization Society decided to establish a new settlement of its own that could accommodate its emigrants. The first area to be settled was Cape Palmas, in 1834, somewhat south of the rest of Liberia. The Cape is a small, rocky peninsula connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus. Immediately to the west of the peninsula is the estuary of the Hoffman River. Approximately 21 km (15 mi) further along the coast to the east, the Cavalla River empties into the sea, marking the border between Liberia and the Côte d'Ivoire. It marks the western", "title": "Maryland State Colonization Society" }, { "id": "20848984", "text": "However, it was the geographical element that overlaid the entire venture as Liberian interior was all but entirely unknown to the West - meaning the Dr. Strong and his company had to make the maps as they journeyed; for the current ones, they found, were grossly inaccurate: \"\"The greater part of the country has not been surveyed from a geographical standpoint, and most of the prominent features are inaccurately placed on the various maps obtainable ... The sources and courses of rivers, the heights of mountains, and the situations and positions of towns are usually hypothetical. We found that names", "title": "Harvard Medical African Expedition (1926-1927)" }, { "id": "362112", "text": "Geography of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, between the 7th and 10th parallels north of the equator. Sierra Leone is bordered by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Sierra Leone has a total area of , divided into a land area of and water of . Sierra Leone has four distinct geographical regions: coastal Guinean mangroves, the wooded hill country, an upland plateau, and the eastern mountains. Eastern Sierra Leone is an interior region of large plateaus interspersed with high", "title": "Geography of Sierra Leone" }, { "id": "4953697", "text": "Gbarpolu County Gbarpolu is a county in the northern portion of Liberia. One of 15 counties that comprise the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has six districts. Bopulu serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring . As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 83,758, making it the eleventh-most populous county in Liberia. Created in 2001 when it was split from Lofa County, Gbarpolu is the youngest county in Liberia. , the County Superintendent was Allen Gbowee. The county is bordered by Grand Cape Mount County to the west, Bomi County", "title": "Gbarpolu County" }, { "id": "238513", "text": "stationed at Camp Schieffelin, the Second Infantry Battalion at Camp Todee in northern Montserrado County, and the Sixth Infantry Battalion at Bomi Hills—were tactical elements designed to operate against hostile forces. The other battalions, the Third Infantry Battalion based at the Barclay Training Centre in Monrovia, the Fourth Infantry Battalion at Zwedru in Grand Gedeh County, and the Fifth Infantry Battalion at Gbarnga in Bong County served mostly as providers of personnel for non-military duties. Soldiers in these units were used extensively as policemen, customs and immigration officials, and as tax collectors. In the aftermath of the rigged elections of", "title": "Armed Forces of Liberia" }, { "id": "20746988", "text": "the Pan-African orogeny. Gneiss rocks in both the Archean and the Pan-African rocks are metamorphosed to an intermediate amphibolite grade, part of the concept of metamorphic facies in which different metamorphic mineral assemblies form under similar temperature and pressure. The clastic sedimentary rocks Gibi Mountain Formation, 32 kilometers north of the Todi Shear Zone form two heavily forested hills, lying unconformably on top of Archean gneiss. The Gibi Mountain Formation, in turn is overlain by quartzite klippe features, a form of remnant thrust fault terrain, that contains itabirite. Based on similarities between the Gibi Mountain Formation and the Rokel River", "title": "Geology of Liberia" }, { "id": "18308363", "text": "Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia An epidemic of Ebola virus disease occurred in Liberia from 2014 to 2015, along with the neighbouring countries of Guinea and Sierra Leone. The first cases of virus were reported by late March 2014. The Ebola virus, a biosafety level four pathogen, is an RNA virus discovered in 1976. Before the outbreak of the Ebola epidemic the country had 50 doctors for its population of 4.3 million. The country's health system was seriously weakened by a civil war that ended in 2003. Researchers generally believe that a two-year-old boy, later identified as Emile Ouamouno, who", "title": "Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia" }, { "id": "18308400", "text": "returned and went into quarantine. Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia An epidemic of Ebola virus disease occurred in Liberia from 2014 to 2015, along with the neighbouring countries of Guinea and Sierra Leone. The first cases of virus were reported by late March 2014. The Ebola virus, a biosafety level four pathogen, is an RNA virus discovered in 1976. Before the outbreak of the Ebola epidemic the country had 50 doctors for its population of 4.3 million. The country's health system was seriously weakened by a civil war that ended in 2003. Researchers generally believe that a two-year-old boy, later", "title": "Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia" }, { "id": "5719224", "text": "(5,956), Nanee District (6,002), Nyenawliken District (5,159), Nyenebo District (5,703), Potupo District (7,337), Sarbo District (5,320) and Tuobo District (4,868). The Legislature of Liberia was modeled based on the Legislature of United States. It is bicameral in nature with a Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 13 counties in the country and based on the population, each county is defined to have at least two members, while the total number of members to the house including the Speaker being 64. Each member represents an electoral district and elected to a six year term based on popular vote. There", "title": "River Gee County" }, { "id": "238450", "text": "indicated. \"at birth:\" 1.03 male(s)/female <br>\"under 15 years:\" 1.01 male(s)/female <br>\"15–64 years:\" 0.98 male(s)/female <br>\"65 years and over:\" 1.03 male(s)/female <br>\"total population:\"1 male(s)/female (2011 est.) \"total population:\" 57 years <br>\"male:\" 55.44 years <br>\"female:\" 58.6 years (2011 est.) There are officially 17 ethnic groups that make up Liberia's indigenous African population, making up maybe 95% of the total: Kpelle, the largest group; Bassa, Gio, Kru, often fishermen; Grebo, Mandingo, often in trade and transport; Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Belleh, Mende and Dey. There are also more or less nomadic groups like the Fula, who engage mostly in trade,", "title": "Demographics of Liberia" }, { "id": "8831528", "text": "not changed since its founding. Cape Verde, Comoros, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe join the OAU. Zimbabwe joins the OAU. \"Most geographic data comes from the CIA World Factbook, 2006 edition.\" Geography of the African Union The African Union covers almost the entirety of continental Africa and several off-shore islands. Consequently, it is wildly diverse, including the world's largest hot desert (the Sahara), huge jungles and savannas, and the world's longest river (the Nile). The AU presently has an area of 29,922,059 km² (18,592,705 mi²), with 24,165 km² (15,015 mi²) of coastline. The vast majority of this area is", "title": "Geography of the African Union" }, { "id": "18371864", "text": "reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from humans. Liberia contains a significant portion of West Africa's remaining rainforest, with about 43% of the Upper Guinean forest - an important forest that spans several West African nations. Slash-and-burn agriculture is one of the human activities eroding Liberia's natural forests. A 2004 UN report estimated that between 1990 and 2004, forest cover in Liberia had fallen by around seven per cent to just over 31 per cent of Liberia's total area. Illegal logging has increased in Liberia since the end of the Second Civil War in 2003. In 2012 President Ellen", "title": "Environmental issues in Liberia" }, { "id": "6439669", "text": "as one of the three branches of government that ought to be equal and coordinated based on the Principle of checks and balances. The Constitution of Liberia defines legislature as a model of decentralization by defining counties, which are targeted to achieve national growth and development. The counties are further grouped into larger political subdivisions in the name provinces numbering four: Northern, Eastern, Western and Southern. The laws enacted by a province shall be applicable to its jurisdiction and all the provincial laws subordinate the national laws. The provincial capital is chosen by the provincial legislature. The executive administration of", "title": "Legislature of Liberia" }, { "id": "10624020", "text": "the Bahía Naranjo (Orange Bay). Besides hosting the provincial capital, Liberia Canton is the most populous of Guanacaste's nine cantons. The canton of Liberia is subdivided into 5 \"distritos\" (districts). The canton was established by a legislative decree of November 4, 1862. Liberia (canton) Liberia is the first canton in the province of Guanacaste in Costa Rica. The canton covers an area of 1,436.47 km², and has a population of 67,463. Prominent geologic features of Liberia include Cerro Cacao (Cacao Mountain) and Rincón de la Vieja. The latter is the center of the Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park.", "title": "Liberia (canton)" }, { "id": "238484", "text": "Transport in Liberia Transport in Liberia consist of railways, highways, seaports and airports. Historically, three railways were built in Liberia to export ore from mines; they were damaged during civil war, and as of August 2010 only one had been brought back into service. There are no rail connections with other countries, although there has been a proposal to extend the Bong mine railway to serve a mine across the border in Guinea. \"Total:\" 10,600 km (6,586 mi) (there is major deterioration on all highways due to heavy rains and lack of maintenance) \"Paved:\" 657 km (408 mi) \"Unpaved:\" 9,943", "title": "Transport in Liberia" }, { "id": "4667955", "text": "Danish Refugee Council, NRC - Norwegian Refugee Council, The MENTOR Initiative, religious ministries, Medecins Sans Frontieres, ICRC - International Committee of the Red Cross, LRC - Liberian Red Cross. Sanniquellie Sanniquellie is a city and the capital of Nimba County and Sanniquellie-Mahn District, Liberia. It is located in the north-east of the country at coordinates 07°21'49\" N 008°42'40\" W. The average altitude of the city is 420 metres above the sea level. As of the 2008 national census, the population stood at 11,415. The most represented tribes are Mano, Gio and Mandingo. Sanniquellie is situated on the unpaved road connecting", "title": "Sanniquellie" }, { "id": "7397467", "text": "court was originally authorized by the 1839 Constitution of the American Colonization Society signed on January 5, 1839, while subsequent constitutions continued to authorize a supreme court, with the 1984 Constitution as the most recent version. Powers and structure of the court are determined by Article VII of the 1984 constitution. The Supreme Court is granted original jurisdiction over constitutional questions, cases in which the country is a party, and for cases where ministers or ambassadors are involved by the Constitution of Liberia. The Supreme Court, as in other democratic countries, is found to be the weakest among the three", "title": "Supreme Court of Liberia" }, { "id": "3084762", "text": "Grand Cape Mount County Grand Cape Mount is a county in the northwestern portion of the West African nation of Liberia. One of 15 counties that constitute the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has five districts. Robertsport serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring . As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 129,817, making it the eighth most populous county in Liberia. The county is bordered by Gbarpolu County to the northeast and Bomi County to the southeast. The northern part of Grand Cape Mount borders the nation of Sierra", "title": "Grand Cape Mount County" }, { "id": "238446", "text": "United Nations prepared the following estimates. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Fertility data as of 2013 (DHS Program): The indigenous ethnic groups of Liberia can be linguistically divided into three groups who speak; to which must be added the immigrant communities; The Gola ethnic group originated somewhere in central Africa. During the Empire of Ancient Ghana they were involved in the land-surveying and jurisprudence of the empire. The other ethnic groups that fall under the Mande-Tan, Mande-Fu were also members of Ancient Ghana. Because of their influence in the judicial aspects of the", "title": "Demographics of Liberia" }, { "id": "238384", "text": "the period of the American Revolution, many white members of American society thought that African Americans could not succeed in living in their society as free people. Some considered blacks physically and mentally inferior to whites, and others believed that the racism and societal polarization resulting from slavery were insurmountable obstacles for integration of the races. Thomas Jefferson was among those who proposed colonization in Africa: relocating free blacks outside the new nation. In 1787, Britain had started to resettle the Black Poor of London in the colony of Freetown in modern-day Sierra Leone. Many were Black Loyalists, former American", "title": "History of Liberia" }, { "id": "238422", "text": "S. Sankawulo and with the factional heads Charles Taylor, Alhaji Kromah and George Boley in it. April 1996, followers of Taylor and Kromah assaulted the headquarters of Roosevelt Johnson in Monrovia, and the peace accord collapsed. In August 1996, a new ceasefire is reached in Abuja, Nigeria. September 3, 1996, Ruth Perry followed Sankawulo as chairwoman of the Council of State, with the same three militia leaders in it. Charles Taylor won the 1997 presidential elections with 75.33 percent of the vote, while the runner-up, Unity Party leader Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, received a mere 9.58 percent of the vote. Accordingly,", "title": "History of Liberia" }, { "id": "19297027", "text": "Ellen Corkrum Ellen Corkrum is a Liberian/ Ghanaian philanthropist politician and presidential candidate, who previously served as an officer in the United States military and as a commercial pilot. She served as the managing director of the Liberia Airports Authority, and was forced to flee the country after exposing alleged corruption in the government. She has announced her candidacy for President of Liberia in the 2017 election. Born in Liberia, she moved to Minnesota at age 13. Corkrum served as a U.S. military Black Hawk assault helicopter pilot, a major in the United States Armed Forces reserves, and a commercial", "title": "Ellen Corkrum" }, { "id": "14534774", "text": "stressed, with violations reported to the Committee established in Resolution 985 (1995). The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was instructed to report to the Council on the elections and situation in the country by 29 August 1997. It was the last Security Council resolution concerning the First Liberian Civil War. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1116 United Nations Security Council resolution 1116, adopted unanimously on 27 June 1997, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in Liberia, particularly Resolution 1100 (1997), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) until 30 September 1997 with the expectation", "title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1116" }, { "id": "4667699", "text": "Greenville, Liberia Greenville is the capital of Sinoe County in southeastern Liberia and lies on a lagoon near the Sinoe River and the Atlantic Ocean. It is located about 150 miles southeast of Monrovia. As of the 2008 national census, the population stood at 16,434. A hoard of bronze Kru currency rings discovered in the Sinoe river at Greenville is now in the British Museum. The town was built in about 1838 by colonists of the Mississippi Colonization Society. Part of what was then the Mississippi-in-Africa colony (now Sinoe County), Greenville was named after Judge James Green, one of the", "title": "Greenville, Liberia" }, { "id": "2882004", "text": "Montserrado County Montserrado County is a county in the northwestern portion of the West African nation of Liberia. One of 15 counties that comprise the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it is composed of five districts. As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 1,118,241, making it the most populous county in Liberia. The area of the county measures , the smallest in the country.Bensonville serves as the capital. Created in 1847 at the foundation of the country, the county is the oldest in Liberia. Montserrado’s County Superintendent is Nyenekon Beauty Snoh-Barcon. The county is bordered", "title": "Montserrado County" }, { "id": "5719188", "text": "Margibi County Margibi is a county on the north to central coast of Liberia. One of 15 counties that constitute the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has five districts. Kakata serves as the capital with the area of the county measuring . As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 199,689, making it the sixth most populous county in Liberia. Margibi's County Superintendent is John Zubah Buway. The county is bordered by Montserrado County to the west, Grand Bassa County to the east, and Bong County on the north. The southern part of Margibi lies", "title": "Margibi County" }, { "id": "238309", "text": "believed black people would face better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United States. The country declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The U.S. did not recognize Liberia's independence until February 5, 1862, during the American Civil War. Between January 7, 1822, and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born black people who faced legislated limits in the U.S., and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to the settlement. The black settlers carried their culture and tradition with them to Liberia. The Liberian constitution and flag were modeled after those of the U.S. On January", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "238367", "text": "number of public and private universities. The University of Liberia is the country's largest and oldest university. Located in Monrovia, the university opened in 1862. Today it has six colleges, including a medical school and the nation's only law school, Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law. Cuttington University was established by the Episcopal Church of the USA in 1889 in Suakoko, Bong County, as part of its missionary education work among indigenous peoples. It is the nation's oldest private university. In 2009, Tubman University in Harper, Maryland County was established as the second public university in Liberia. Since 2006, the", "title": "Liberia" }, { "id": "11719039", "text": "Cape Mesurado Cape Mesurado, also called Cape Montserrado, is a headland on the coast of Liberia near the capital Monrovia and the mouth of the Saint Paul River. It was named Cape Mesurado by Portuguese sailors in the 1560s. It is the promontory on which African American settlers established the city now called Monrovia on 25 April 1822. There is a lighthouse on Cape Mesurado, located in the Mamba Point neighborhood of Monrovia and in the cape's northwestern portion, that was established in 1855. It is currently inactive, although the Liberian government is seeking financial assistance to restore and reactivate", "title": "Cape Mesurado" }, { "id": "362113", "text": "mountains, where Mount Bintumani rises to . Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, between the 7th and 10th parallels north of the equator. Sierra Leone is bordered by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The country has a total area of , divided into a land area of and water of . Sierra Leone has four distinct geographical regions: coastal Guinean mangroves, the wooded hill country, an upland plateau, and the eastern mountains. Eastern Sierra Leone is an interior region of large plateaus", "title": "Geography of Sierra Leone" }, { "id": "1869539", "text": "of Panama), it is estimated that 1,700 foreign-owned ships fly the Liberian flag. This brings in much of the country's revenue. Liberia is subdivided into 15 counties, each of which is entitled to its own flag. Each county flag bears the national flag of Liberia in the canton. The county flags are flown at regional offices and together encircling the national flag of Liberia at the Presidential Palace. Flag of Liberia The Flag of Liberia or the Liberian flag bears a close resemblance to the flag of the United States, showing the freed American and ex-Caribbean slaves offspring and bloodline", "title": "Flag of Liberia" }, { "id": "20746987", "text": "Leonean Orogeny 3.5 to 2.9 billion years ago and the Liberian Orogeny 2.9 to 2.5 billion years ago both influenced the Archean rocks. Greenstone belts, sequences of metamorphic and volcanic rocks associated with cratons and used by geologists to study early tectonics are found in south-central Liberia, dating to 2.1 billion years ago. The Todi Shear Zone is a 400 kilometer shear zone extending into Liberia from Sierra Leone, where it separates the Kasila Group and the Kenema Assemblage, before continuing offshore. In Liberia, it separates the granite and greenstone Archean rocks from Neoproterozoic granulite and amphibolite rocks, dating to", "title": "Geology of Liberia" }, { "id": "7020907", "text": "Smith, Alfred Francis Russell, William D. Coleman, William Tolbert, and Moses Blah. There have been twelve vacancies in the office, the first of which occurred between October 26, 1871 and January 1, 1872; after the ascension of James Skivring Smith to the office of President. The most recent vacancy was between August 11, 2003 and January 16, 2006; after the ascension of Moses Blah to the office of President and prior to the election of Joseph Boakai. Vice President of Liberia The Vice President of the Republic of Liberia is the second-highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only", "title": "Vice President of Liberia" }, { "id": "65502", "text": "Geography of Ivory Coast Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) is a sub-Saharan nation in southern West Africa located at 8 00°N, 5 00°W. The country is approximately square in shape. Its southern border is a coastline on the Gulf of Guinea on the north Atlantic Ocean. On the other three sides it borders five other African nations for a total of : Liberia to the southwest for , Guinea to the northwest for , Mali to the north-northwest for , Burkina Faso to the north-northeast for , and Ghana to the east for . Ivory Coast comprises , of which is", "title": "Geography of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "4404464", "text": "worked in most of the world's major conflict zones since the late 1990s, including Kosovo, Angola, Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, Kashmir, the West Bank, Iraq, and Liberia. Hondros was awarded the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Photojournalism Grant in 1999. In 2001, Hondros was selected for the Pew Fellowship for International Reporting through Johns Hopkins University. Following the September 11 attacks, Hondros took photographs at ground zero. Hondros went to cover the Liberian Civil War in 2003. It was here that Hondros photographed Joseph Duo in an image that graced the front cover of publications worldwide. Hondros also followed", "title": "Chris Hondros" }, { "id": "362118", "text": "km; (2011) Natural hazards: dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms. Geography of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, between the 7th and 10th parallels north of the equator. Sierra Leone is bordered by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Sierra Leone has a total area of , divided into a land area of and water of . Sierra Leone has four distinct geographical regions: coastal Guinean mangroves, the wooded hill country, an upland", "title": "Geography of Sierra Leone" } ]

[ "May 11, 2011" ]

[ { "id": "6128133", "text": "Congress continued to consider the DREAM Act bill throughout 2010. , a new version of the DREAM Act, includes numerous changes to address concerns raised about the bill. The DREAM Act, along with a repeal of \"Don't Ask, Don't Tell\", was incorporated into the National Defense Authorization Act for the Fiscal Year 2011. On September 21, 2010, the Senate filibuster of the bill was maintained in a 56–43 vote; it would have taken 60 votes to stop the filibuster and continue the progress of the bill. The following day, Durbin introduced the bill once again along with Richard Lugar. Only", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128134", "text": "two senators co-sponsored the bill and it was defeated again. Less than a month later, on November 16, President Barack Obama and top Democrats pledged to introduce the Dream Act into the House by November 29. The House of Representatives passed the DREAM Act on December 8, 2010, but the bill failed to reach the 60-vote threshold necessary to end debate on the Senate floor (55-41—Motion to invoke cloture on the motion to concur in the House amendment to the Senate amendment No. 3 to H.R. 5281). On May 11, 2011, then Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid reintroduced the DREAM", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128119", "text": "DREAM Act The DREAM Act (acronym for Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act) is an American legislative proposal for a multi-phase process for qualifying alien minors in the United States that would first grant conditional residency and, upon meeting further qualifications, permanent residency. The bill was first introduced in the Senate on August 1, 2001, by United States Senators Dick Durbin (D- Illinois) and Orrin Hatch (R- Utah), and has since been reintroduced several times but has failed to pass. The beneficiaries of the proposed DREAM Act would have had to meet the following requirements to qualify: During", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128126", "text": "of age and garnered 62 cosponsors. On August 1, 2001 a mirror bill to the \"Student Adjustment Act of 2001\" was introduced in the Senate by Senator Orrin Hatch, also a Republican from Utah. This legislation, , was the first bill given the short title of \"Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act\" or \"DREAM Act.\" Since that time the DREAM Act has been introduced in both the Senate and the House at various times. The text of the bill was placed in various other immigration-related bills, including the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 () and the Comprehensive", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128136", "text": "state of California enacted the California DREAM Act, giving undocumented immigrant students access to private college scholarships for state schools. In August, the state of Illinois authorized a privately funded scholarship plan for children of immigrants both documented and undocumented. On June 15, 2012, President Barack Obama announced that his administration would stop deporting undocumented immigrants who match certain criteria included in the proposed DREAM Act. On August 15, 2012, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) began accepting applications under the Obama administration's new Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. Thousands applied for the new program. Because DACA", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128128", "text": "leaders embraced the bill, which included the promise of resident status to members of the military, as a means of boosting recruitment. On October 18, 2007, Durbin, along with Republican co-sponsors Charles Hagel of Nebraska and Richard Lugar of Indiana, introduced the DREAM Act as . Although nearly identical to the revised amendment to the Defense Bill, opponents continued to cite previous arguments. To bring the DREAM Act up for debate, a vote was scheduled on October 24 that would require a filibuster-proof count of 60 \"yes\" votes, but that failed. Senate opponents cited a variety of reasons for their", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "15217466", "text": "2009, SB 160 was held in Senate Appropriations Committee in 2009. In 2010 Gil Cedillo introduced the bill as SB 1460. It passed the State Senate on 3 June 2010 and the State Assembly on 20 August 2010. It went back to both houses again and passed in both on 31 August 2010. On January 11, 2011 Assemblyman Cedillo reintroduced the legislation as two separate bills, AB130, and AB131. AB 130 was signed into law by Jerry Brown on July 25, 2011, granting undocumented students access to an estimated $88 million in private financial aid in the form of scholarships", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128146", "text": "rights. One advocacy group that advocates for more high-skilled migration from India, Immigration Voice, calls this a major contradiction in US immigration policy. DREAM Act The DREAM Act (acronym for Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act) is an American legislative proposal for a multi-phase process for qualifying alien minors in the United States that would first grant conditional residency and, upon meeting further qualifications, permanent residency. The bill was first introduced in the Senate on August 1, 2001, by United States Senators Dick Durbin (D- Illinois) and Orrin Hatch (R- Utah), and has since been reintroduced several times", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128137", "text": "was designed in large measure to address the immigration status of the same people as the DREAM Act, the two programs are often debated together, with some making little distinction between them and others focusing on the difference between the DREAM Act's legislative approach in contrast to the implementation of DACA through executive action. , 740,000 people have registered through DACA. On September 5, 2017 the Trump administration rescinded the program. In a December 2010 report, the federal Congressional Budget Office and the Joint Committee on Taxation estimated that the November 30, 2010 version of the DREAM Act would reduce", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128122", "text": "of six years. The individual must: If these requirements are not fulfilled the conditional resident will lose their legal status and be subject to deportation. Members of Congress have introduced several forms of this bill in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. Members in the House passed one such bill on December 8, 2010 by a vote of 216–198; Senators debated a version of the DREAM Act on September 21, 2010. A previous version of the bill, , which required 60 votes to gain cloture, failed on a 52–44 vote in 2007, eight votes short of overcoming a", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "12648942", "text": "executive actions. In the 2010 lame-duck session, Obama supported passage of the DREAM Act, which passed the House but failed to overcome a Senate filibuster in a 55-41 vote in favor of the bill. In 2013, the Senate passed an immigration bill with a path to citizenship, but the House did not vote on the bill. In 2012, Obama implemented the DACA policy, which protected roughly 700,000 illegal immigrants from deportation; the policy applies only to those who were brought to the United States before their 16th birthday. In 2014, Obama announced a new executive order that would have protected", "title": "Presidency of Barack Obama" }, { "id": "6128131", "text": "Senators Dick Durbin (D-IL), Richard Lugar (R-IN), Harry Reid (D-NV), Mel Martinez (R-FL), Patrick Leahy (D-VT), Joseph Lieberman (I-CT), Ted Kennedy (D-MA), and Russ Feingold (D-WI) and U.S. Representative Howard Berman (D-CA). To date, 128 representatives and 39 senators (not including former Senator Edward Kennedy) co-sponsored the bill. Under this version of the DREAM Act, immigrants could qualify in part, by meeting the following requirements: In addition to the temporary Residency, illegal immigrant students who qualified would also be entitled to apply for student loans and work study but would not be eligible for Pell grants. In certain circumstances, the", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128125", "text": "from Illinois, as the \"Immigrant Children's Educational Advancement and Dropout Prevention Act of 2001\" () during the 107th Congress. This bill received 34 cosponsors, and would have allowed illegal immigrant students to first apply to be protected from deportation and then apply for and receive lawful permanent residency if they met the criteria. One month later, on May 21, 2001, Gutiérrez's version of the bill was scrapped in favor of a more limited version entitled \"Student Adjustment Act of 2001\" (), introduced by Representative Chris Cannon, Republican from Utah. This version of the bill lowered age eligibility to 21 years", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128130", "text": "Durbin announced that the first amendment that would be considered, should debate of the DREAM Act begin, would completely re-write the bill in favor of the language that Hutchison suggested. According to her suggestions, illegal immigrant students should be allowed to hold a temporary student visa with a renewable work permit instead of conditional permanent residency. Although 52 Senators voted in favor of considering the DREAM Act, this fell eight votes short of breaking filibuster and the legislation was not considered. The act was re-introduced in both chambers of Congress on Thursday, March 26, 2009, during the 111th Congress by", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "7755007", "text": "or both parents deported in the years 2005–2007. The DREAM Act (acronym for Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) was an American legislative proposal for a multi-phase process for illegal immigrants in the United States that would first grant conditional residency and upon meeting further qualifications, permanent residency. The bill was first introduced in the Senate on August 1, 2001 and has since been reintroduced several times but did not pass. It was intended to stop the deportation of people who had arrived as children and had grown up in the U.S. The Act would give lawful permanent residency", "title": "Illegal immigration to the United States" }, { "id": "11324270", "text": "a large majority of illegal entrants in the country, significantly increased legal immigration and increased enforcement. The bill failed to pass a cloture vote, essentially killing it. Individual components of various reform packages have been separately introduced and pursued in the Congress. The DREAM Act is a bill initially introduced in 2001, incorporated in the various comprehensive reform bills, and then separately reintroduced in 2009 and 2010. The bill would provide legal residency and a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants who graduate from U.S. high schools and attend college or join the military. Immigrant visa limits set by Congress", "title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States" }, { "id": "15217463", "text": "California DREAM Act The California DREAM (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) Act is a package of California state laws that allow children who were brought into the US under the age of 16 without proper visas/immigration documentation who have attended school on a regular basis and otherwise meet in-state tuition and GPA requirements to apply for student financial aid benefits. It and past similarly named legislation have been authored by California State Senator Gil Cedillo. In 2011, the California Dream Act was divided into two bills, AB130 and AB131. AB130 was signed by Governor Jerry Brown on July", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "15217476", "text": "the age of 16 to receive state funded financial aid for higher education. Currently the state of California allows undocumented students to pay in-state tuition if they have lived and attended school in California for the past three years. That bill was signed into legislation in 2001. Assemblyman Gil Cedillo, D-Los Angeles, the original sponsor of the bill, has tried to introduce newer versions of the bill since 2006. There are only two other states that offer financial aid to undocumented students, Texas and New Mexico. Cedillo has tried to find ways around concerns that critics have raised about the", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128135", "text": "Act in the Senate. Some Republicans who had supported the bill in the past, including Sen. John Cornyn of Texas, Jon Kyl of Arizona, John McCain of Arizona, and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, withheld their votes, objecting that such a bill should not be granted without increasing immigration enforcement. Reid indicated that he would consider adding a workplace enforcement measure in the DREAM Act that would require every employer to use E-Verify, the government's Internet-based work eligibility verification system. President Obama supported the bill as one of his efforts to reform the US immigration system. In July 2011, the", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128127", "text": "Immigration Reform Act of 2007 (). With the failure of these comprehensive reform bills, Senator Richard Durbin, Democrat from Illinois, made its passage a top priority for 2007. In September 2007, Durbin filed to place the DREAM Act as an amendment to the 2008 Department of Defense Authorization Bill (). In light of the criticism, Durbin tabled the amendment in favor of a rewritten DREAM Act amendment to the Defense Bill. In consideration of their opponents, all language regarding in-state tuition was removed from the amendment and an age cap of 30 was put in place for potential beneficiaries. Military", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "2452728", "text": "over 200,000 people. Gutiérrez was the first elected official to sponsor a version of the DREAM Act – legislation to allow undocumented youth brought to the United States as minors a pathway to citizenship – in 2001. In 2009 Gutiérrez introduced CIR-ASAP – Comprehensive Immigration Reform for America's Security and Prosperity Act – a bill to create a pathway to citizenship for non-criminal undocumented immigrants and improve border security. The bill received over 100 co-sponsors and was endorsed by members of the business community and organized labor unions, including the AFL-CIO, United Food and Commercial Workers, and the Service Employees", "title": "Luis Gutiérrez" }, { "id": "15217474", "text": "introduced in the Senate on August 1, 2001. It was a plan for joint immigration and education reform aimed at granting young undocumented immigrants access to both higher education, and citizenship. The Act would grant these students legal residence if they attend college or serve in the military.[14] While this legislation has not yet been passed, it is the product of much deliberation and debate over the issue of immigration in the U.S. As more and more undocumented immigrants enter the U.S. each year, the U.S. has become more and more divided over policies aimed at addressing the causes and", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "12866322", "text": "options on the ObamaCare marketplaces\". In September 2009, Bennet cosponsored the DREAM Act (S. 729), which proposed amending the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 by giving residency to immigrants enrolled in higher education programs or serving in the military. In 2013, Bennet was a member of the Gang of Eight, a bipartisan group of four Democratic and four Republican U.S. Senators who introduced comprehensive immigration reform legislation. Their bill, the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013, passed the U.S. Senate with a vote of 68-32, but stalled in the House due to", "title": "Michael Bennet" }, { "id": "6488433", "text": "important since undocumented immigrants are also unable to obtain governmental financial aid and are unable to legally work, leaving them without sources to help pay for out-of-state tuition. The DREAM Act was introduced in 2001 and aims to give more access to higher education for undocumented immigrants by repealing the law 1996 law. It also aimed to set up pathways for students who obtain higher education to become legal residents. The act has been introduced in many states and many different times, but has still not been passed. Critics of the act argue that it encourages more undocumented immigration, that", "title": "Higher education in the United States" }, { "id": "15217465", "text": "students would have been given a fee waiver for California Community Colleges. It passed in both houses but was vetoed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. In 2007, during the next session of the legislature, another version of the bill in the form of \"SB 1\". This bill would have offered similar fee waivers for high school graduates who met non-resident in-state tuition requirements. Again, the bill passed both houses of the California state legislature. Schwarzenegger vetoed it again on 14 October 2007 citing cost concerns. In 2008, SB 1301, which remained unchanged from SB 1, was vetoed by the Governor. In", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "15217478", "text": "Fee Waivers. Another bill that included 19 million dollars for Cal-Grants, AB 1413 Fuented-Coto Cal-Grants was voted out in the assembly. California DREAM Act The California DREAM (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) Act is a package of California state laws that allow children who were brought into the US under the age of 16 without proper visas/immigration documentation who have attended school on a regular basis and otherwise meet in-state tuition and GPA requirements to apply for student financial aid benefits. It and past similarly named legislation have been authored by California State Senator Gil Cedillo. In 2011,", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128123", "text": "filibuster by senators opposed to the bill. The United States military faced challenges in enlistment, which in 2005 were described as a \"crisis\", though the economic downturn of 2007–2010 did away with many of the enlistment challenges. Immigrants without a United States Permanent Resident Card (also known as a green card) are not allowed to enlist. In 2007, several senior officials at the Department of Defense have spoken in favor of promising resident status to members of the military as a means of boosting recruitment. The bill also restores the option for states to determine residency for purposes of higher", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "17524508", "text": "character to become legal permanent residents. The DREAM Act initially allowed beneficiaries to qualify for federal student aid but was changed in the 2010 version of the bill. In order to be eligible, individuals must have come to the U.S. as children (under the age of 16), graduated from a U.S. high school and be a long-term resident (at least 5 years). An age cap of 35 was also set. The latest version of the DREAM Act does not grant legal immigrant status to anyone for at least two years. Previous versions of the Act would have immediately granted legal", "title": "Undocumented youth in the United States" }, { "id": "6128121", "text": "have met all of the conditions at the end of the 6-year conditional period, they would be granted permanent residency, which would eventually allow them to become U.S. citizens. It is not known how many of those eligible would go on to complete the further requirements. One organization estimated that only 7,000–13,000 college students nationally can fulfill the further obligations. A different analysis found that over 2 million individuals could benefit under the Act. The individual must: After having obtained and held conditional resident status, permanent residency may be granted if the following requirements have been met in a period", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128124", "text": "education benefits by repealing Section 505 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) of 1996 (. The majority of states interpret this provision as disqualifying illegal immigrant students from certain higher education benefits such as in-state tuition rates. Some states have enacted laws aimed at making illegal state residents eligible for in-state tuition rates without violating this IIRIRA provision. However, some students paying out-of-state tuition have filed lawsuits in these states, claiming state education officials violated this federal law. The original version of the DREAM Act was introduced on April 25, 2001 by Representative Luis Gutiérrez, Democrat", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "16777296", "text": "decision for 90 days to allow the Department of Homeland Security to explain why the program was being canceled. On August 3, 2018, Judge Bates said the Trump administration has failed to justify its proposal to end DACA; however, he stayed the ruling for 20 days to allow the Trump administration time to respond and appeal, if it chooses. In announcing the rescission, the Trump Administration delayed implementation for six months to allow Congress to pass the DREAM Act or otherwise settle the status of Dreamers legislatively. Multiple proposals were introduced in Congress but none passed. Proposals included: In February", "title": "Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals" }, { "id": "10373541", "text": "bill would have gone forward until these measures had been implemented. A group of conservative Republican senators, led by Jim DeMint, claimed that a majority of the enforcement provisions in the bill were already required under previous law, including the 2005 REAL ID Act and the 2006 Secure Fence Act. The bill contained within it the entirety of the DREAM Act, a bill that has been introduced unsuccessfully several times in the House and Senate, that would provide a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants brought into the country as minors who either go to college or serve in the", "title": "Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007" }, { "id": "6128139", "text": "the expected increase in educational attainment, earnings, and buying power for \"DREAMers\". Luis Miranda, White House Director of Hispanic Media, has spoken in support of the 2010 version of the DREAM Act. He argues that passage of the Act would make the U.S. more competitive in the global economy by allowing illegal immigrants \"to live up to their fullest potential and contribute to the economic growth of our country.\" Miranda argues that the DREAM Act would not create an \"amnesty program\" because it requires a \"lengthy and rigorous process\" to be eligible for benefits, requiring, for example, a criminal background", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "16777236", "text": "the Senate. It was considered again in 2011. The bill passed the House, but did not get the 60 votes needed to overcome a Republican filibuster in the Senate. In 2013, legislation had comprehensively reformed the immigration system, including allowing Dreamers permission to stay in the country, work and attend school; this passed the Senate but was not brought up for a vote in the House. The \"New York Times\" credits the failure of Congress to pass the DREAM Act bill as the driver behind Obama's decision to sign DACA. President Barack Obama announced this policy with a speech in", "title": "Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals" }, { "id": "17524507", "text": "authority to provide state financial aid. If states do not pass specific legislation regarding these matters then federal legislation superseded and inherently prohibits state financial aid for unauthorized immigrants. The Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act is a federal bill that would permit states to determine state residency for higher education or military purposes. This bill was first introduced in the Senate on August 1, 2001, and was most recently re-introduced in Congress on March 26, 2009. A Senate filibuster blocked it on December 18, 2010. It would provide a mechanism for undocumented students of good moral", "title": "Undocumented youth in the United States" }, { "id": "13006154", "text": "the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 (S. 1348), (\"[which] would have provided legal status and a path to citizenship for the approximately 12 to 20 million illegal immigrants currently residing in the United States.\") but pulled it from the Senate floor because he believed too many amendments to the legislation were being introduced. Reid supports the DREAM Act which would make it easier for young people who are not citizens of the United States, but are permanent residents, to attend college or university in the United States. The DREAM Act was introduced to the Senate by Senators Orrin Hatch", "title": "Political positions of Harry Reid" }, { "id": "10373542", "text": "U.S. military; it would also restore states rights in determining eligibility for in-state tuition. The DREAM Act has four basic requirements, which are: The bills received heated criticism from both the right wing and the left wing. Conservatives rejected providing a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants, as it would reward them for disregarding United States immigration laws. Liberals criticized the points-based system and provisions limiting family reunification visas available to only nuclear family members of US citizens as unfair. Labor unions, human rights, and some Hispanic organizations attacked the guest workers program, claiming that it would create a group", "title": "Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007" }, { "id": "3863001", "text": "Proposition A on adopting a right-to-work law in Missouri, McCaskill endorsed a \"no\" vote on the proposition. In 2010, McCaskill voted for the DREAM Act, which would have given undocumented immigrants who entered the United States as children a pathway to citizenship provided that they fulfilled certain conditions. McCaskill has said that \"protecting the DREAMers has to be a very top priority.\" McCaskill opposed the Trump administration's policy of separating immigrant families who crossed the border illegally. McCaskill supported legislation to end the family separation policy. She co-sponsored the Saving Federal Dollars Through Better Use of Government Purchase and Travel", "title": "Claire McCaskill" }, { "id": "1451477", "text": "expansion of H-1B visas and has generally been an advocate of tougher enforcement immigration policy including voting for 1,500 new law enforcement agents to patrol the border. His 2010 Immigration Bill titled Strengthening Our Commitment to Legal Immigration and America's Security Act has received the support of the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS). He also proposed the DREAM Act, which would provide a pathway to citizenship for the children of undocumented immigrants, who were children when their parents came to the United States. Hatch critiqued President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to temporarily shut down seven Muslim countries entered until", "title": "Orrin Hatch" }, { "id": "17524472", "text": "children face an economic barrier when pursuing a higher education and find that because of this they are unable to attend a University (Abrego; Shields and Behrman, 2004; Gonzales, 2011; Crosnoe and Turley, 2011). Due to this, The Dream Act was proposed to the Senate and the House of Representatives and was only 13 states that include California, Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin passed their state laws. These states allow undocumented children to pay in-state tuition based on their attendance and graduation from a state high school (Schmid 2013). The", "title": "Undocumented youth in the United States" }, { "id": "16777233", "text": "hold for six months to allow Congress time to pass the Dream Act or some other legislative protection for Dreamers. Congress failed to act and the time extension expired on March 5, 2018, but the phase-out of DACA has been put on hold by several courts. Research has shown that DACA increased the wages and employment status of DACA-eligible immigrants, and improved the mental health outcomes for DACA participants and their children. It also reduced the number of illegal immigrant households living in poverty. DACA has not been shown to have any major adverse impacts on the employment of native-born", "title": "Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals" }, { "id": "15217464", "text": "25, 2011, and AB131 was signed by Brown on October 8, 2011. AB 130 allows students who meet AB 540 criteria to apply for non-state funded scholarships for colleges and universities. AB 131 allows students who meet AB 540 criteria to apply for state-funded financial aid. In 2006, the California DREAM Act was proposed in the form of SB 160. Under SB 160, students who were eligible for in-state tuition would have been given access to public financial assistance (undocumented students had already been eligible for private assistance) for higher education at California State Colleges and Universities. In addition, those", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "6128140", "text": "check and proof that the applicant has not committed any crimes that would make him ineligible for residency. Miranda also argues the Act would not encourage more students to immigrate because it only applies to illegal immigrants who are already in the country. Furthermore, the Act would create a waiting period before DREAM Act applicants could sponsor green card applications for their relatives. Miranda also notes that Defense Secretary Robert Gates has stated that the DREAM Act would provide an expanded pool of military recruits. A 2010 study by UCLA's North American Integration and Development Center, an advocacy and research", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "15843963", "text": "also supports an earned path to citizenship for illegal immigrants. In 2010 she was a co-sponsor of the DREAM Act, which would have provided pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants who arrived under the age of 16, complete at least 2 years of college or 2 years of military service and are under age of 35 at the time of enactment; the proposal was subsequently filibustered in the Senate in December 2010. She also supports a moratorium on home raids until comprehensive immigration reform is passed. In 2018, Gillibrand announced that she was in favor of abolishing ICE, making her", "title": "Political positions of Kirsten Gillibrand" }, { "id": "20544082", "text": "Administration through executive action in June 2012 in response to Congress' failure to pass the DREAM Act. The Trump Administration rescinded DACA in September 2017, setting an expiration date of March 2018, with the stated preference that Congress adopt a legislative solution. As of January 19, 2018, the Extension of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (H.R. 195) was under consideration to extend funding through February 16, 2018. The bill passed the House on January 18, but a cloture vote in the Senate failed 50–49, with 60 votes required to end a Democratic-led filibuster, at around 10:45 pm EST, shortly before the", "title": "United States federal government shutdowns of 2018" }, { "id": "12206364", "text": "the United States illegally. Along with his academic and political supporters Padilla campaigned unsuccessfully in 2006 for passage of the DREAM Act, which would have allowed highly qualified high school graduates who had been illegal immigrants since childhood, to become legal residents if they agreed to attend college or served in the United States Armed Forces. The bill had been introduced several times since 2001, but never obtained enough support to overcome filibusters. Padilla's story attracted the attention of Hollywood, leading to interest in movie rights and a book deal. Padilla's younger brother, Yando, is a United States citizen, by", "title": "Dan-el Padilla Peralta" }, { "id": "6128145", "text": "throughout the country where undocumented youth have been actively involved in promoting the DREAM Act. Furthermore, the movement has had influence in other policies such as DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) which is an executive order made by former President Barack Obama on June 15, 2012. DACA protections, including deportation relief, do not extend to children of migrants with certain temporary visas (e.g. H1-B, J and O visas). Those temporary visa-holders, especially from certain countries like India, can face long wait times for green cards. As the children of these visa-holders become 21 years old, they can face limited", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "5318953", "text": "immigrants living in the United States and direct resources away from enforcement. In 2010, she voted for the DREAM Act which passed the House but was blocked in the Senate. Clarke has voted against legislative proposals to constrain immigration. She praised the Obama administration's DACA program and condemned the Trump administration's termination of the program, calling the move \"cruel and vindictive.\" She has also called for extending the Temporary Protected Status that was granted to Haitian immigrants seeking refuge after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. She has also called for the abolition of ICE. On the \"Colbert Report\", in its", "title": "Yvette Clarke" }, { "id": "15321391", "text": "by some of the participants, have become the official historical record of this initiative. In December 2010, Moline was one of the religious leaders who urged the Senate to pass the DREAM Act (Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors), stating that \"We have a special responsibility to these young people who wish no longer to be resident strangers but to take their place among us.\" In 2011, when the newly installed Republican leadership in the House of Representatives considered a number of bills to restrict abortion, Moline worked with the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice to ensure religious voices", "title": "Jack Moline" }, { "id": "7755008", "text": "under certain conditions which include: good moral character, enrollment in a secondary or post-secondary education program, and having lived in the United States at least 5 years. Those in opposition of the DREAM Act believe that it encourages illegal immigration. Although the DREAM Act has not been enacted by federal legislation, a number of its provisions were implemented by a memorandum issued by Janet Napolitano of the Department of Homeland Security during the Obama administration. To be eligible for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), one must show that they were under 31 years of age ; that they came", "title": "Illegal immigration to the United States" }, { "id": "6128143", "text": "an important category to include because aspects of life taken for granted by most documented Americans such as healthcare, education, and employment opportunities are not as accessible. In a research article written by Roger M. Mahony, it is stated that the DREAM Act aims to repeal a provision of law that penalizes states for offering these students in-state tuition rates. Depending on eligibility standards, the DREAM Act could benefit as many as 1.2 million young people in the United States, giving them an opportunity to reach their educational, economic, and human potential. The DREAMers movement emerged during the time that", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "16777235", "text": "individuals with good behavior. \"Dreamers\" get their name from the DREAM Act, a bill that aimed to grant legal status to young immigrants brought to the U.S. illegally by their parents. The illegal immigrant student population was rapidly increasing; approximately 65,000 illegal immigrant students graduate from U.S. high schools on a yearly basis. The vast majority of Dreamers are from Mexico. The DREAM Act bill, which would have provided a pathway to permanent residency for illegal immigrants brought to the United States upon meeting certain qualifications, was considered by Congress in 2007. It failed to overcome a bipartisan filibuster in", "title": "Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals" }, { "id": "16777239", "text": "a reference to the DREAM Act bill) are in their 20s, and about 80% arrived in the United States when they were 10 or younger. In November 2014, Obama announced his intention to expand DACA to make more people eligible. However, in December 2014, Texas and 25 other states, all with Republican governors, sued the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas asking the court to enjoin implementation of both the DACA expansion and Deferred Action for Parents of Americans,(a similar program). In February 2015, Judge Andrew S. Hanen issued a preliminary injunction blocking the expansion from going", "title": "Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals" }, { "id": "15217472", "text": "undocumented students could cause further strain on this system. One source cited that AB 131 could cost the state between $23 and $65 million a year. Also, even with access to higher education, undocumented graduates would still not be eligible to work legally in the U.S., as Congress has yet to pass a Federal law allowing undocumented persons to work legally in the U.S. There is a possibility, however, that Congress will pass such legislation. The federal DREAM Act aims to provide a pathway to citizenship for those students who meet a list of federal requirements. Other critics argue that", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "12421236", "text": "emphasized that more border enforcement should come first and said that current attempts at reform should \"learn from history\", with reference to the amnesty granted by Ronald Reagan, which she believed was \"botched\". On June 1, 2011, Palin stated her opposition to the DREAM Act, a bill that would provide conditional permanent residency to certain illegal and deportable alien students who graduate from U.S. high schools, who are of good moral character, arrived in the U.S. legally or illegally as minors and have been in the country continuously for at least five years prior to the bill's enactment: \"The immigrants", "title": "Political positions of Sarah Palin" }, { "id": "15217469", "text": "students. AB 131 would also require California Community Colleges who are under the administration of the “Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges” to waive certain fees for those students who are exempt from paying out of state tuition. (info. Sen. Pg 3) Some students are excluded from the benefits associated with AB 131 as stipulated by the bill. Graduates of technical schools and adult schools would not be considered eligible under the new law. Governor Jerry Brown also made an amendment to the bill that postponed implementation until January 2013. Some argue that AB 131 would not be", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "11060577", "text": "the bill, thus moving forward the bill's chance of passage. She introduced a failed amendment to facilitate legal immigrants bringing other family members into the country. After not announcing her position until a week before the vote, she ayed on a cloture motion to bring the overall bill to a vote, which failed. When the bill was again brought forward, she continued to vote in favor of cloture motions to consider it. In October, Clinton voted in favor of a small subset of the failed bill, the DREAM Act, but it too failed to gain cloture. In October 2007, Clinton", "title": "United States Senate career of Hillary Clinton" }, { "id": "6128129", "text": "opposition. Some labeled the DREAM Act as amnesty that would encourage chain migration and further illegal immigration in anticipation of new versions of the DREAM Act. Others stated that the DREAM Act, though worthy legislation, should be enacted only as part of a comprehensive immigration reform. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, who had previously stated that she would oppose consideration of the DREAM Act, announced on the Senate floor that she had expressed reservations to Durbin and he had made a verbal commitment to work with her to make changes that she saw necessary to garner greater Republican support. In response,", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "7079582", "text": "a high bar for becoming a citizen.\" In May and June 2007, Clinton cast preliminary votes (in terms of amendments and cloture) in support of the high-profile, compromise-based but very controversial, comprehensive immigration reform bill known as the Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Reform Act of 2007. When the bill was again brought forward, she continued to vote in favor of cloture motions to consider it. In October 2007, Clinton voted in favor of a small subset of the previous bill, the DREAM Act. In 2007, Clinton called for an increase in the number of H-1B visas. At a", "title": "Political positions of Hillary Clinton" }, { "id": "15217473", "text": "AB 131 would only attract more undocumented immigrants to the U.S. by offering them financial assistance. While others argue, AB 131 creates greater competition for U.S. citizens who depend on public financial aid to pay their college or university tuition. The movement to repeal the AB131 was tried. It was led by Tim Donnelly, the assemblyman, and Tom Del Beccaro, chairman of the state's Republican Party. The bill would have been held and put to the general election. At the same time, the recalling effort for the governor, Jerry Brown, is also in process. The federal DREAM ACT was first", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "15217475", "text": "effects of immigration. While some states such as Georgia and Alabama have adopted strict immigration laws in order to keep undocumented immigrants out, others have looked for ways to address the needs of immigrants. The proposal for the federal DREAM ACT was quickly followed by the California DREAM Act, a state initiative aimed at providing a pathway for young undocumented immigrants already in the state. Each year about 25,000 undocumented students graduate from high school in California. The California Dream (Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors) Act would allow children who were brought to the United States illegally before", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "17782504", "text": "communities. Mitsch Bush wants to ban racial profiling, end arbitrary and infinite detention, and fight for the right to harassment-free workplace, school, and community. One Colorado has given Mitsch Bush a 100% rating for her support of LGBTQ issues. In 2013, Mitsch Bush cosponsored legislation to allow recipients of the DREAM act to receive in-state college tuition in Colorado, and currently supports a clean passage of the DREAM Act. Mitsch Bush wants to create a predictable path to citizenship, and end practices of family detention and separation. Mitsch Bush supports collective bargaining and is for the repeal of Taft-Hartley. Mitsch", "title": "Diane Mitsch Bush" }, { "id": "18378724", "text": "of the Problem Solvers Caucus for withholding details of a potential bipartisan compromise on immigration policy. He introduced \"a slightly more conservative version of the DREAM Act\" but said that he would vote for the DREAM Act or more liberal proposals if they ever came up for a vote. He filed the Recognizing America's Children Act (RAC) and said he would \"support any bill that has a chance of putting DACA protections into law.\" In April 2018, he became a co-sponsor of the DREAM Act. On July 6, 2018, Curbelo was denied entry by the Department of Health and Human", "title": "Carlos Curbelo" }, { "id": "2421558", "text": "or disability. In December 2010, Diaz-Balart was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of repealing the United States military's \"Don't Ask, Don't Tell\" ban on openly gay service members. He was a sponsor of the Homeland Security Act. He was a sponsor of the DREAM Act which seeks to facilitate access for illegal immigrant students to post-secondary education by allowing states to have power to determine requirements for in-state tuition. He achieved passage into law of historic pieces of legislation – such as the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA), and the codification of", "title": "Lincoln Díaz-Balart" }, { "id": "5165468", "text": "it easier for them to provide credit\". Chuck Schumer and Elizabeth Warren vehemently oppose the legislation. Tester became the first Democrat endorsed by Friends of Traditional Banking, a political action committee that had previously endorsed Republicans. In December 2010, Tester voted against the DREAM Act, which would have created a pathway to citizenship for the foreign-born children of illegal immigrants. He has said, \"Illegal immigration is a critical problem facing our country, but amnesty is not the solution. I do not support legislation that provides a path for citizenship for anyone in this country illegally.\" In 2017, he criticized President", "title": "Jon Tester" }, { "id": "4099083", "text": "cross party lines in voting to disapprove fellow South Carolina Republican Joe Wilson for a lack of decorum during President Obama's address to a joint session of Congress. He was one of eight House Republicans to support the DREAM Act. In the 111th Congress: South Carolina's 4th congressional district, 1992: South Carolina's 4th congressional district, 1994: South Carolina's 4th congressional district, 1996: United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1998 – Republican primary: United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1998: South Carolina's 4th congressional district, 2004: South Carolina's 4th congressional district, 2006: South Carolina's 4th congressional district, 2008 –", "title": "Bob Inglis" }, { "id": "16997945", "text": "800,000 Dreamers who were brought to the United States as kids\" when his administration ended DACA. Warren stated that the solution to this issue was in the hands of Congress and could be achieved through passing the Dream Act, advocating against Congress adjourning \"so that we can celebrate the holidays with our families while nearly 800,000 Dreamers fear being ripped apart from their brothers, their sisters, their mothers, their fathers and deported to a country they barely know\". She stated that the Dream Act had enough bipartisan support to pass and questioned what Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell was waiting", "title": "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren" }, { "id": "5703167", "text": "life. Sandoval introduced a resolution \"condemning the defamatory language used by talk radio host Michael Savage\" after Savage criticized undocumented immigrant protesters who were fasting in support of the controversial DREAM Act, which would give qualifying undocumented immigrants a path to US citizenship as well as enable them to receive tax payer funded in-state college tuition. While the original 9-1 vote on August 14, 2007 failed to receive the required unanimous vote, the Board’s second attempt on October 2, 2007 passed after the one dissenting supervisor had been suspended from the Board by the Mayor. Gerardo Sandoval Gerardo Compos Sandoval", "title": "Gerardo Sandoval" }, { "id": "2375499", "text": "or non-citizens performing active service in the Armed Forces. In 2010, Pence voted against the DREAM Act, which would grant the undocumented children of illegal immigrants conditional non-immigrant status if they met certain requirements. In 2010, Pence stated that Arizona S.B. 1070, which at the time of passage in 2010 was the nation's broadest and strictest anti-illegal immigration legislation, was \"a good faith to try and restore order to their communities\". Pence supported President George W. Bush's unsuccessful 2005 proposal to partially privatize Social Security by allowing workers to invest part of their Social Security payroll taxes in private investment", "title": "Mike Pence" }, { "id": "4269092", "text": "we have a choice\". In the September 9 CNN GOP debate, Huntsman suggested that the country needed more legal immigration, claiming that it will revive America's housing market, citing Vancouver's quickly growing real estate market as evidence. Huntsman also supports granting more H-1B visas to foreigners. Huntsman supported the DREAM Act, which proposed a path to citizenship for young people brought to the United States by their parents illegally. Huntsman is the co-head of the Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual Property, along with Dennis C. Blair. From 1993 to 2001, Huntsman served as an executive for the Huntsman", "title": "Jon Huntsman Jr." }, { "id": "8486937", "text": "created the Education Legacy Trust Fund, which supports \"expanding access to higher education through funding for new enrollments and financial aid, and other educational improvement efforts.\" Chopp led efforts to expand the Opportunity Grant program and Opportunity Scholarship Fund to make college more affordable for students. In the 2015-17 budget, Chopp supported a tuition freeze, as well as lowering tuition costs. In 2014, Chopp helped enact the DREAM Act, which provided access to college for students from immigrant families. Chopp is a proponent of taking action to address climate change. He has led efforts in reducing and banning toxic chemicals,", "title": "Frank Chopp" }, { "id": "15217467", "text": "and grants. AB 131, which allows undocumented students who meet criteria for in-state tuition to apply for financial aid, was signed by Brown on October 8. AB 131 directly affects those students who are exempt from paying out of state tuition at California Community Colleges and the California State University as stated in Section 68130.7 of the California Education Code Those students would include undocumented immigrants who graduate from High School and who show “merit and need”. Under AB 131, those students mentioned above and those students who meet the requirements are “eligible to apply for and participate in all", "title": "California DREAM Act" }, { "id": "13281183", "text": "2011 essay in \"The New York Times Magazine\", Vargas revealed his status as an undocumented immigrant in an effort to promote dialogue about the immigration system in the U.S. and to advocate for the DREAM Act, which would provide children in similar circumstances with a path to citizenship. A year later, a day after the publication of his \"Time\" cover story about his continued uncertainty regarding his immigration status, the Obama administration announced it was halting the deportation of undocumented immigrants age 30 and under, who would be eligible for the DREAM Act. Vargas, who had just turned 31, did", "title": "Jose Antonio Vargas" }, { "id": "14584333", "text": "of Colotl were agitating for passage of the DREAM Act, which would have given illegal immigrants who were brought to the US as children a path to citizenship through education; however, the Act did not pass. Colotl supporters are also calling for an end to 287(g). An InsiderAdvantage poll taken on May 17, 2010, for Atlanta's WSB-TV station showed that most Georgians who were aware of the case wanted for Colotl to be deported: 46% wanted her deported, 16% did not want her deported, and 38% were unaware of the case. Colotl's case sparked concerns in Georgia that illegal immigrants", "title": "Jessica Colotl controversy" }, { "id": "6128120", "text": "the first six years, qualifying people would be granted \"conditional\" status and would be required to (a) graduate from a two-year community college or (b) complete at least two years towards a four-year degree or (c) serve two years in the US military. After this six-year period, those who meet at least one of these three conditions would be eligible to apply for permanent resident status. During this six-year conditional period, they would not be eligible for federal higher education grants such as Pell grants but they would be able to apply for student loans and work study. If they", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "16357265", "text": "Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act, is a law intended to encourage funding of small businesses in the United States by easing many of the country's securities regulations. It passed with bipartisan support, and was signed into law by President Barack Obama on April 5, 2012. Title III, also known as the CROWDFUND Act, has drawn the most public attention because it creates a way for companies to use crowdfunding to issue securities, something that was not previously permitted. Title II went into effect on September 23, 2013. On October 30, 2015,", "title": "Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act" }, { "id": "12421237", "text": "in the past, they had to literally and figuratively stand in line and follow rules to become U.S. citizens. I'd like to see that continue, but unfortunately, the Dream Act kind of usurps that, the system, that is a legal system, to make sure that immigrants who want to be here legally, working hard, producing and supplying revenue and resources for their family, that they're able to do that right and legally. Unfortunately, the DREAM act doesn't accomplish that.\" On June 15, 2013, Palin delivered an address at the Faith and Freedom Coalition's Road to Majority Conference. She condemned the", "title": "Political positions of Sarah Palin" }, { "id": "4473603", "text": "facing a strong primary challenge, Lipinski expressed support for creating a pathway to citizenship for DREAMers (undocumented immigrants who were brought into the United States as minors). Previously, he voted against the DREAM Act, which would have created a pathway to citizenship for those individuals. Lipinski opposed recognition of same-sex marriage until the Supreme Court legalized it nationwide in \"Obergefell v. Hodges\". In 2011, he supported the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which denied federal benefits to gay couples. The portion of DOMA that prohibited gay marriage was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 2013; by 2015, Lipinski had", "title": "Dan Lipinski" }, { "id": "2452729", "text": "International Union. He described the bill before a Washington DC rally: Following CIR-ASAP's defeat in the Congress, Gutiérrez has been a main backer of the DREAM Act in the House. Gutiérrez called former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley a \"champion\" of immigration in 2014 when the two were working to oppose the White House's deportation policy. While Gutiérrez was a member of the Veterans' Affairs Committee, the House passed legislation introduced by Gutiérrez that made treatment and counseling available to veterans who have been victims of sexual trauma. Gutiérrez also successfully expanded healthcare coverage to those exposed to Agent Orange and", "title": "Luis Gutiérrez" }, { "id": "18118470", "text": "bill's passage in the Senate, the House and the Senate spent several months debating compromise positions to find a bill they could agree on. The House then voted on July 9, 2014 to agree to the amendments that the Senate had made. The amended bill passed the House 415-6 in Roll Call Vote 378. President Barack Obama supported the bill. He signed it into law on July 22, 2014 and it became . The Departments of Labor and Education issued draft regulations on how to carry out the law on April 16, 2015, considered thousands of comments, and issued the", "title": "Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act" }, { "id": "15564915", "text": "\"The Washington Post\" awarded Wilson's claim \"Four Pinocchios.\" In July 2017, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton led a group of Republican Attorneys General from nine other states, including Wilson, plus Idaho Governor Butch Otter, in threatening that they would litigate against the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy that had been put into place by President Barack Obama. Tennessee Attorney General Herbert H. Slatery, III subsequently reversed his position and withdrew his participation from the proposed suit on August 31st. Slatery went further to urge passage of the DREAM Act. The other Attorneys General who joined in making the", "title": "Alan Wilson (South Carolina politician)" }, { "id": "13532085", "text": "Repeal Act of 2010 and the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 were both signed into law. The former ended the military's don't ask, don't tell policy, while the latter bill extended the Bush tax cuts for two years and extended unemployment benefits and a FICA payroll tax cut for one year. Democrats also tried to pass the DREAM Act, but the bill failed to pass the 60-vote hurdle needed to invoke cloture. During the lame duck session of the 112th Congress, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 was signed into law. The act", "title": "Lame-duck session" }, { "id": "2594553", "text": "Hagan voted for the Children's Health Insurance Reauthorization Act of 2009, a successful $32.8 billion measure which funded increased health coverage for children while raising the cigarette tax by 62 cents a pack. Hagan opposed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, which was signed into law in 2009. On December 18, 2010, Hagan was one of only five Democrats to vote against the DREAM Act. The bill failed in the Senate. In June 2013, Hagan voted against an amendment to require the completion of 350 miles of fence described in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act", "title": "Kay Hagan" }, { "id": "6128144", "text": "the DREAM Act was being pushed in Congress. The individuals that make up the group are primary undocumented students/youth. The DREAMers movement have been seen tackling issues in regards to immigration, education, and citizenship. The DREAMers have partaken in many activists activities to demonstrate their support for the DREAM Act. On May 1, 2006, there was a demonstration that involved a collective group of students taking a stand to voice their concerns. There was an occasion on June 5, 2012, when DREAMers participated in a nonviolent civil disobedience which included picket-lines, sit-ins, hunger strikes, etc. There have been other scenarios", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "3210964", "text": "Protection Act, granting a pathway to citizenship for the undocumented widowers and orphans of deceased U.S. Citizens. Menendez is a strong supporter of the DREAM Act, saying that, \"Children should not be punished for the actions of their parents. These kids have grown up as Americans, worked hard in school and now they want to serve our country in the military or pursue a college education. This is the only home many of them have known and they should be encouraged to pursue the American dream.\" He voted for the DREAM Act in 2007 and was a cosponsor along with", "title": "Bob Menendez" }, { "id": "20601998", "text": "stored on servers in the U.S., potentially allowing such data to be used in bad faith in those countries. After being introduced in the 115th United States Congress as H.R.4943, the act was included as section 105 of H.R.1625, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, an omnibus spending bill, which passed both houses of Congress and was signed into law, P.L. 115-141, on March 23, 2018. On April 17 2018, the Supreme Court, based on concurring briefs submitted by the Department of Justice, vacated the \"United States v. Microsoft Corp.\" and remanded it back to lower court to do the same,", "title": "CLOUD Act" }, { "id": "16275339", "text": "Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act. The purpose of the DREAM Act is to \"help those individuals who meet certain requirements, have an opportunity to enlist in the military or go to college and have a path to citizenship which they otherwise would not have without this legislation\". The DREAM Act would give illegal aliens conditional permanent residency if they meet the criteria: enter the United States before the age of sixteen, be present in the United States for at least five (5) consecutive years prior to enactment of the bill, either graduate from a United States high", "title": "North Carolina Community College System policy on admission of undocumented students" }, { "id": "2282354", "text": "he supported the DREAM Act, which would have provided a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants brought to the United States as minors. In 2013, he supported the Gang of Eight's comprehensive immigration reform bill after advocating for the provision of a $1.5 billion youth jobs program, which he argued would offset the harms of labor market competition with immigrants. Sanders focuses on economic issues such as income and wealth inequality, poverty, raising the minimum wage, universal healthcare, reducing the burden of student debt, making public colleges and universities tuition-free by taxing financial transactions, and expanding Social Security benefits by", "title": "Bernie Sanders" }, { "id": "2172860", "text": "creates a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants already in the country. The bill, with support from Republican Party leadership, passed 62–36. Debate would have also commenced on the DREAM Act, though this was halted due to a Republican filibuster. Cantwell supports health care reform in the United States and was a co-sponsor of Senator Ron Wyden's (D-OR) Healthy Americans Act. In her role as a member of the Finance Committee, she had an influential role in crafting health care reform legislation. On September 29, 2009, when the Finance Committee considered health care reform legislation, Cantwell supported amendments to establish", "title": "Maria Cantwell" }, { "id": "8547963", "text": "need.\" In 2010, Heller voted against the DREAM Act, which would have provided a path to citizenship for unauthorized immigrant minors provided that they join the military or go to university. He voted for the comprehensive immigration reform bill created by the \"Gang of Eight\" in 2013. By February 2018, Heller had moved further to the right on immigration. Heller suggested that he was supportive of Trump's proposed immigration reforms, saying \"I have a tendency to support what the president’s trying to do, and that’s probably the position that’s closest to where I am.\" Trump's proposed immigration reforms would cut", "title": "Dean Heller" }, { "id": "2323416", "text": "budget, outside contractors, privacy and civil liberties relating to the National Cybersecurity Center, the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative and United States Department of Homeland Security plans to enhance Einstein, the program which protects federal networks. Citing improved security and the benefits of information sharing, as of mid-2008, Collins was satisfied with the response the committee received from Secretary Michael Chertoff. In 2007, she voted against the McCain-Kennedy proposal which would have given amnesty to undocumented immigrants. In 2010, Collins voted against the DREAM Act. However, in 2013, Collins was one of fourteen Republicans who voted in favor of a comprehensive", "title": "Susan Collins" }, { "id": "6128138", "text": "(federal) direct deficits by about $1.4 billion over the 2011–2020 period and increase federal government revenues by $2.3 billion over the next 10 years. Indirect federal costs (about 80% of the federal budget) and state and local tax impacts were not considered. However, the same report also notes that the Act \"would \"increase\" projected deficits by more than $5 billion in at least one of the four consecutive 10-year periods starting in 2021\" (emphasis added). A study conducted by the Center for American Progress estimates that if passed, the DREAM Act would create 1.4 million jobs by 2030, primarily through", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "18750913", "text": "children be vaccinated against common communicable diseases, but said that districts should not be permitted to require that children receive \"some of these more esoteric immunizations\" in order to attend public schools. In California, Fiorina supported the DREAM Act, which would allow children brought to the U.S. by their parents when they were under the age of 16 to secure permanent U.S. residency and a path to citizenship if they graduate from college or serve in the armed forces. In a May 2015 interview with Katie Couric, Fiorina said that she does not support a path for citizenship \"for those", "title": "Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign" }, { "id": "11328344", "text": "support a blanket travel ban, for people solely based on ethnic or religious grounds.\" In 2017, Coffman petitioned the House to pass a law protecting DREAMers. In September of that year, however, Representative Bob Goodlatte chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, said he would not act on any such legislation before addressing criminal foreign gangs and border security. Coffman then withdrew his petition, saying, “'With all the other things going on right now, it's kind of put on the back burner.” He said, though, that he would sign a Democratic petition to force a vote on the DREAM Act. In", "title": "Mike Coffman" }, { "id": "2300182", "text": "vote of 12-11 to allow the Senate to vote on DeVos. In 2007, Lisa Murkowski voted against the McCain-Kennedy proposal to offer amnesty to undocumented immigrants. Later, Murkowski was one of two Republicans who voted for the DREAM Act in 2010. She was also one of fourteen Republicans in 2013 who voted for a comprehensive immigration bill that offered a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants. In 2018, Murkowski voted in favor of the McCain/Coons comprehensive immigration bill which did not include funding for a border wall as well as in favor of the bill proposed by Collins to grant", "title": "Lisa Murkowski" }, { "id": "6128132", "text": "person could lose temporary immigration residency if he or she did not meet the educational or military service requirement within the six-year time period or if they committed any crimes (other than those considered non-drug related misdemeanors) regardless of whether or not they had already been approved for permanent status at the end of their six years. If an individual were convicted of a major crime or drug-related infraction, (except for a single offense of possession of 30 g or less of marijuana) they would automatically lose the six-year temporary residence status and be immediately subject to deportation. The 111th", "title": "DREAM Act" }, { "id": "14713948", "text": "being named Public Official of the Year by the National Association of Social Workers. For most of the time he served in the legislature, Lujan also held a second elected office, serving as a school board member for the Phoenix Union High School District. He was first elected to the school board in 2002 and he was re-elected to a second four-year term in 2006. He served as Board President from 2007-2008. Upon becoming Board President, Lujan lead efforts to unanimously pass a resolution urging Congress to pass the Dream Act, providing a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrant students.", "title": "David Lujan" }, { "id": "2184309", "text": "2002 from classified information that the American people were being misled by the Bush Administration into a war on Iraq, but he could not reveal this because, as an intelligence committee member, he was sworn to secrecy. This revelation prompted an online attack ad against Durbin by the National Republican Senatorial Committee. Durbin authored the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, a legislation that corrected some of the imbalance in cocaine sentencing. Durbin is the chief proponent for the Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act, a piece of proposed federal legislation. This bill would provide certain students who", "title": "Dick Durbin" }, { "id": "19014802", "text": "reduce existing student debt and refinance loans to lower rates. Along with his support for free educational material on the Internet, Lessig would also push Congress to support open materials for scientific and educational pursuits. His Citizen's Equality Act proposes to weaken the influence of lobbyists on the education system. Lessig supported passage of the DREAM Act and the ending of inhumane detention centers, as well as comprehensive immigration reform including a \"speedy\" path to citizenship. Lessig supports copyright laws but believes that there must be fundamental changes. If elected, he pledged to convene an impartial Creative Rights Commission to", "title": "Lawrence Lessig 2016 presidential campaign" }, { "id": "9870529", "text": "stop hiring undocumented immigrants, with the result that fewer immigrants would choose to come to the U.S. illegally, and many of those who are already in the U.S. would \"self-deport.\" In June 2012, President Obama issued an executive order instructing officers of the federal government to defer deporting young undocumented immigrants who had been brought to the U.S. as children and who met certain requirements, such as serving in the military or being successful students. The executive order was intended to temporarily implement parts of the DREAM Act until a permanent fix could being agreed upon by Congress and the", "title": "Political positions of Mitt Romney" } ]

[ "April 11, 1899" ]

[ { "id": "12444917", "text": "at Guánica, located in the southern coast of the island, on July 25, 1898, with the first contingent of American troops. Opposition was met in the southern and central regions of the island but by the end of August the island was under United States control. On August 12, peace protocols were signed in Washington and Spanish Commissions met in San Juan on September 9 to discuss the details of the withdrawal of Spanish troops and the cession of the island to the United States. On October 1, an initial meeting was held in Paris to draft the Peace Treaty", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "13025636", "text": "Puerto Rico is a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands. It was ceded to the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris during the Spanish–American War. In 1952, the U.S. Congress ratified the Constitution of Puerto Rico, proclaiming Puerto Rico as an insular commonwealth. However, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to United States congressional authority under the Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution, \"to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory", "title": "Puerto Rico Democracy Act" }, { "id": "12444918", "text": "and on December 10, 1898, the Treaty of Paris was signed (ratified by the US Senate February 6, 1899). Spain renounced all claim to Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico and its dependent islets to the United States, and transferred sovereignty over the Philippines to the United States and in turn was paid $20,000,000 ($ in dollars) by the U.S. General John R. Brooke became the first United States military governor of the island. After the ratification of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, Puerto Rico came under the military control of the United States of America. This brought about", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "12444880", "text": "they swear their loyalty to the Spanish Crown and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. In 1898, during the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States remains The settlement of Puerto Rico began with the", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "16890432", "text": "6, the first elections under the Foraker Act were held and on December 3, the first Legislative Assembly took office. Federico Degetau took office in Washington as the first Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico on March 14, 1901. The Jones Act was approved by the U.S. Congress on December 5, 1916, and signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on March 2, 1917. The law made Puerto Rico a United States territory which is \"organized but unincorporated.\" Puerto Ricans were also collectively given a restricted U.S. citizenship. This implied that Puerto Ricans in the island did not have full American", "title": "Proposed political status for Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "13869676", "text": "Paris. Puerto Rico became an unincorporated, organized territory of the US with Commonwealth status through a series of judicial decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States, collectively known as \"The Insular Cases\" and the enactment of several statutes by Congress. In 1900, the US Congress enacted the Foraker Act, establishing a civil government in the territory and then in 1917, Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship, by the enactment of the Jones-Shafroth Act. The Office of the President is responsible for policy relations between the United States and Puerto Rico, although according to the Territorial Clause of Constitution", "title": "Statehood movement in Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "19970826", "text": "of the United States since the conclusion of the Spanish–American War in 1898, and its residents were granted U.S. citizenship in 1917. Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the United States in 1898 as part of the Treaty of Paris after the end of the Spanish–American War. Since then, the island has been an unincorporated territory of the United States. Because of this territorial status, the island is neither a state of the United States nor a sovereign one. Although Puerto Ricans were granted United States citizenship with the 1917 Jones–Shafroth Act, the American citizens residing on the island cannot vote", "title": "2017 Puerto Rican status referendum" }, { "id": "311461", "text": "a naval station, and recognized that it and Cuba generated lucrative crops of sugar – a valuable commercial commodity which the United States lacked, before the development of the sugar beet industry in the United States. On July 25, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, the U.S. invaded Puerto Rico with a landing at Guánica. As an outcome of the war, Spain ceded Puerto Rico, along with the Philippines and Guam, then under Spanish sovereignty, to the U.S. under the Treaty of Paris, which went into effect on April 11, 1899. Spain relinquished sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede it", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "4962856", "text": "and St. Louis. During the mid-19th century, Puerto Ricans residing in the United States fought in the American Civil War. In the 1800s, the quest for Latin American independence from Spain spread to Puerto Rico, in the short lived revolution known as the \"Grito de Lares\" and culminating with the \"Intentona de Yauco\". The island was invaded by the United States during the Spanish–American War. After the war ended, Spain officially ceded the island to the United States under the terms established in the Treaty of Paris of 1898. Puerto Rico became a United States territory and the \"Porto Rico", "title": "Military history of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "311431", "text": "New Spain. Spain's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century, producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous, African, and European elements. In 1898, following the Spanish–American War, the United States acquired Puerto Rico under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. Puerto Ricans have been citizens of the United States since 1917, and enjoy freedom of movement between the island and the mainland. As it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress, which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "17839314", "text": "debt. Prior to 1898, the people of Puerto Rico had Spanish citizenship; after Puerto Rico stopped being part of Spain, the people of Puerto Rico had neither independent nor colonial citizenship. In April 1900, President William McKinley signed the Foraker Act, which allowed popular election of only the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico. The Insular Cases, a series of Supreme Court Opinions passed in the early 1900's defined Puerto Rico as an unincorporated territory, \"a territory appurtenant and belonging to the United States, but not a part of the United States within the revenue clauses of the Constitution.” (1)", "title": "Puerto Rican government-debt crisis" }, { "id": "12415280", "text": "was classified as an \"unincorporated territory\" which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution — including the right of citizenship — did not automatically apply, because the island belonged to the U.S., but was not part of the U.S. On January 15, 1899, the military government changed the name of Puerto Rico to Porto Rico (On May 17, 1932, the U.S. Congress changed the name back to \"Puerto Rico\") and the island's currency was changed from the Puerto Rican peso to the American dollar, integrating the island's currency into the U.S. monetary system. The United States exerted its", "title": "Isabel González" }, { "id": "12444958", "text": "a state. The referendum was controversial as opponents had tried to persuade people to abstain from voting altogether and argued the vote was invalid. As the U.S. Constitution empowers Congress to admit new states, the referendum could be taken only as a sign of popular opinion. Legally the island remains a territory of the United States, under congressional supervision. After the 1967 plebiscite, the Partido Nuevo Progresista (New Progressive Party or New Party for Progress) was organized under Ferré's leadership. The party campaigned for Puerto Rico to become the 51st state of the Union. Luis A. Ferré was elected governor", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "4962921", "text": "brutally suppressed the uprising The total casualties of the Puerto Rican Campaign were 450 dead or wounded Spanish and Puerto Ricans, and 4 dead and 39 wounded Americans. Upon the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, Puerto Rico became a territory of the United States. The Spanish troops had already left by October 18, and the United States named General Nelson A. Miles military governor of the island. On July 1, 1899, \"The Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry, United States Army\" was created, and approved by the U.S. Congress on May 27, 1908. The regiment was a", "title": "Military history of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "3459953", "text": "Velez fled to St. Thomas where he lived in exile. Mattei Lluberas went into exile in New York City, joining a group known as the \"Puerto Rican Commission\". After four hundred years of colonial rule by the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico finally received its sovereignty in 1897 through a \"Carta de Autonomía\" (Charter of Autonomy). It was signed by Spanish Prime Minister Práxedes Mateo Sagasta and ratified by the Spanish Cortes. A few months later, the United States claimed ownership of the island as part of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, which concluded the Spanish–American War, which they had", "title": "Independence movement in Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "851253", "text": "Maite Oronoz Rodríguez. The legal system is a mix of the civil law and the common law systems. Members of the judicial branch are appointed by the governor with advice and consent from the Senate. Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States by Spain at the end of the Spanish–American War by the Treaty of Paris of 1898. The Foraker Act of 1900 provided for an organization of the civilian government. The Jones–Shafroth Act of 1917 re-organized the government. The United States government authorized Puerto Rico to draft its own constitution by . On 4 June 1951 the Puerto", "title": "Government of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "17381476", "text": "was proclaimed the national flag of the \"Republic of Puerto Rico\" by Francisco Ramírez Medina, who was sworn in as Puerto Rico's first president, and placed on the high altar of the Catholic Church of Lares. Upon the failure of the revolution, Bracetti was imprisoned in Arecibo along with the other survivors, but was later released. Puerto Rico became an unincorporated territory of the United States or an American colony as defined by the United Nations decolonization committee after Spain ceded the island to the United States. This was in accordance with the Treaty of Paris of 1898 after the", "title": "History of women in Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "3878121", "text": "seven were named by the Governor General in representation of the Spanish monarch. After Puerto Rico was granted to the United States on July 25, 1898 as part of the Spanish–American War, a military government took over the island. This was until April 12, 1900 when the U.S. Congress approved the first civil government for Puerto Rico under the federal Foraker Act. The act granted the island with a civil governor (named by the U.S. President) and a House of Delegates composed of 35 members elected by the people of Puerto Rico, as well as an Executive Council of 11", "title": "Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "3785456", "text": "party dissolved into factions and members joined other parties, but some continue to follow the party's ideals in one form or another, often informally or ad hoc, to this day. After four hundred years of colonial domination under the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico finally received its sovereignty in 1898 through a \"Carta de Autonomía\" (Charter of Autonomy). This Charter of Autonomy was signed by Spanish Prime Minister Práxedes Mateo Sagasta and ratified by the Spanish Cortes. Despite this, just a few months later, the United States claimed ownership of the island as part of the Treaty of Paris which concluded", "title": "Puerto Rican Nationalist Party" }, { "id": "316242", "text": "1978, guaranteeing the right of self-determination to the People of Puerto Rico. Under the Constitution of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico is described as a Commonwealth and Puerto Ricans have a degree of administrative autonomy similar to that of a U.S. state. Puerto Ricans \"were collectively made U.S. citizens\" in 1917 as a result of the Jones–Shafroth Act. The act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on March 2, 1917. U.S. Federal law approved by the President Harry S. Truman on June 27, 1952 declared all persons born in Puerto Rico on or after January 13, 1941 to be", "title": "Politics of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "16191828", "text": "in 1998. Puerto Rico has been an unincorporated territory of the United States since the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898. Although Puerto Ricans were granted United States citizenship with the 1917 Jones–Shafroth Act, they cannot vote for the President of the United States unless registered to vote in one of the United States. In addition, the US retains the exclusive right to create and manage foreign policy, including any that affects the island. In June 2011 the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization asked the United States to expedite the process for political status self-determination in Puerto Rico.", "title": "2012 Puerto Rican status referendum" }, { "id": "2041015", "text": "1917, Puerto Ricans became full U.S. citizens. The US government declared Puerto Rico the territory was no longer a colony and stopped transmitting information about it to the United Nations Decolonization Committee. As a result, the UN General Assembly removed Puerto Rico from the U.N. list of non-self-governing territories. Four referenda showed little support for independence, but much interest in statehood such as Hawaii and Alaska received in 1959. The Monroe Doctrine was expanded by the Roosevelt Corollary in 1904, providing that the United States had a right and obligation to intervene \"in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence\"", "title": "Decolonization" }, { "id": "15356150", "text": "Court and lower court decisions\". Almost immediately after Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States, Puerto Rico's political status was defined by a series of landmark decisions made by the U.S. Supreme Court in what are collectively known as \"The Insular Cases\". From 1901 to 1905, the Supreme Court held that the Constitution extended \"ex proprio vigore\" to the territories. However, the Court in these cases also established the doctrine of territorial incorporation. Under the same, the Constitution only applied fully in incorporated territories such as Alaska and Hawaii, whereas it only applied partially in the new unincorporated territories", "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "17905290", "text": "was presented before the US House of Representatives as requested. After a sister project was presented in the US Senate by James E. Murray, the collective bills became known as the Fernós-Murray Project. This initiative intended to replace the Federal Relation Statute of Public Law 600 with a series of \"association articles\" and requested Congress to make it clear that Puerto Rico was no longer a territory or possession of the United States. The Fernós-Murray Project also included the multilateral economy, as stated in the original concept of the \"Estado Libre Asociado\". Another straggled proposal that it intended to revive", "title": "Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War" }, { "id": "4164402", "text": "explained his intentions in writing the pamphlet, and all parties were satisfied. Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, ratified on December 10, 1898, Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States. Spain had lost its last colony in the Western Hemisphere and the United States gained imperial strength and global presence. The United States established a military government and appointed Miles the first head of the military government established on the island, acting as both head of the army of occupation and administrator of civil affairs. Members of the Spanish forces and civilians who were loyal", "title": "Puerto Rican Campaign" }, { "id": "9023504", "text": "study at the University of Provence, France, receiving a master's degree in French literature in 1971, and a doctorate in French literature in 1978. Puerto Rico's history plays a role in Vega's writings. The country became a U.S. territory under the Treaty of Paris (1898), after the Spanish–American War. Remorse still exists toward one of the leading causes of the war, and many people believe that the bombing of the US battleship \"Maine\" (ACR-1) was a conspiracy. This sentiment is present in Vega's works. Puerto Rico became a commonwealth after adopting a constitution on July 25, 1952. Because of the", "title": "Ana Lydia Vega" }, { "id": "7039381", "text": "Puerto Rico\", was replaced by the profile of Maria Christina of Austria. The Ministerio de Ultramar issued 1 \"peso\" notes in 1895. On August 13, 1898, Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris, bringing the Puerto Rican Campaign to an end. The \"Banco Español de Puerto Rico\" was then transferred to invading investors. However, the terms signed in the armistice, stated that the United States would have to respect all the charters that were previously granted by Spain to its former colonies. This was certified by the United States Congress on June", "title": "Currencies of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "1970823", "text": "and droughts. The economy also suffered from increasing tariffs and taxes imposed by the Spanish Crown. Furthermore, Spain had begun to exile or jail any person who called for liberal reforms. The Spanish–American War broke out in 1898, in the aftermath of the explosion of USS \"Maine\" in Havana harbor. The U.S. defeated Spain by the end of the year, and won control of Puerto Rico in the ensuing peace treaty. In the Foraker Act of 1900, the U.S. Congress established Puerto Rico's status as an unincorporated territory. New France was the vast area centered on the Saint Lawrence river,", "title": "Colonial history of the United States" }, { "id": "2255154", "text": "of its present limits, the station shall continue to have the territorial area that it now has, with the limits that it has on the date of the signature of the present Treaty.\" On July 25, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was invaded by the United States with a landing at Guánica. As an outcome of the war, the Jones–Shafroth Act granted all the inhabitants of Puerto Rico U.S. citizenship in 1917. The U.S. granted Puerto Ricans the right to democratically elect their own governor in 1948. In 1950, the Truman Administration allowed for a democratic referendum in", "title": "United States territorial acquisitions" }, { "id": "13914215", "text": "to serve in World War II and the Korean War, as the only segregated Army unit, where its members distinguished themselves in combat. On July 25, 1952, the Constitution of Puerto Rico was proclaimed by Gov. Luis Muñoz Marín and the island, which continues to be an unincorporated territory of the United States, adopted the name of \"Estado Libre Asociado\" (\"Free Associated State\"). Despite this \"free association,\" the Puerto Rican government and military remained under complete U.S. jurisdiction. The 65th Infantry was deactivated in 1956, however the Department of the Army was persuaded to transfer the 65th Infantry from the", "title": "Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War" }, { "id": "12415279", "text": "live. Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 which was ratified on December 10, 1898, Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States after the 1898 Spanish–American War. Spain had lost its last colony in the Western Hemisphere. The United States established a military government which acted as both head of the army of occupation and administrator of civil affairs. Almost immediately, the United States began the \"Americanization\" process of Puerto Rico. The U.S. occupation brought about a total change in Puerto Rico's economy and polity and did not apply democratic principles in their colony. Puerto Rico", "title": "Isabel González" }, { "id": "13468989", "text": "in 1898, and the island was annexed by the U.S. under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 which was ratified on December 10, 1898. Almost immediately, the United States began the \"Americanization\" process of Puerto Rico. The U.S. occupation brought about a total change in Puerto Rico's economic and political life. Amongst the many industries appropriated and controlled by the U.S. Government, were Puerto Rico's financial and banking institutions. In 1913, the United States Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act which created The Federal Reserve System. All national banks were required to join the system and Congress", "title": "Rafael Carrión Sr." }, { "id": "4693021", "text": "it had not incorporated Puerto Rico into the Union. Although Puerto Rico had been under the control of the United States since the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898, the territory had not been designated for ultimate statehood, and Congress could determine which parts of the Constitution would apply. Taft distinguished Puerto Rico from the territory in the Alaska purchase, acquired from Russia in 1867, which had been held to be incorporated in \"Rasmussen v. United States\". Thus, particular constitutional provisions were applied based on location, rather than on citizenship. Taft's grounds for denying jury trial specifically echoed earlier", "title": "Balzac v. Porto Rico" }, { "id": "15356144", "text": "81-600) authorizing Puerto Rico to hold a constitutional convention and in 1952, the people of Puerto Rico ratified a constitution establishing a republican form of government for the island. After being approved by Congress and the President in July 1952 and thus given force under federal law (P.L. 82-447), the new constitution went into effect on July 25, 1952. Puerto Rico has been under U.S. sovereignty for over a century and Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917. Since the promulgation of the current Commonwealth constitution in 1952, further local attempts to change the island's political status took place", "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "12939982", "text": "The United States established a military government, which acted as both head of the army of occupation and administrator of civil affairs. Almost immediately, the United States began the \"Americanization\" process of Puerto Rico. The U.S. occupation brought about a total change in Puerto Rico's economy and polity and did not apply democratic principles in their colony. Puerto Rico was classified as an \"unincorporated territory,\" which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution — including the right of citizenship — did not automatically apply, because the island belonged to the U.S., but was not part of the U.S.", "title": "Manuel Olivieri Sanchez" }, { "id": "15356164", "text": "the United States Constitution () allows for Congress to \"dispose of\" Puerto Rico and allow it to become independent of the U.S. (in the same way as the Philippines did in 1945) or, under the authority of the Admissions Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 3, cl. 1) for it to be admitted as a state of the United States (with a vote of Congress in the same way that Alaska and Hawaii were admitted in 1958 and 1959 respectively). Since Congress must approve of any political status change for Puerto Rico, some argue that \"congressional agreement to the options [on a", "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "13869681", "text": "(Treaty of Paris) became effective, and established a military government in Puerto Rico. This was short lived, since the following year (April 2, 1900) Congress enacted the Foraker Act, which established a civil government and free trade between Puerto Rico and the USA. Puerto Ricans, although incapable of electing members of the territory's executive branch, but were now able to elect their local representatives and a resident commissioner to the US Congress, who had voice but no vote. In 1917, the enactment of the Jones-Shafroth Act the territory of Puerto Rico was organized and statutory US citizenship was granted to", "title": "Statehood movement in Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "2100870", "text": "in the United States. Puerto Rico participates in the Olympics as an independent nation even though it is a territory of the United States. Puerto Rico has participated as such since the 1948 Summer Olympics celebrated in London. On March 2, 1917, Puerto Ricans became citizens of the United States as a result of the enactment of the Jones–Shafroth Act (Pub.L. 64–368, 39 Stat. 951) and as such Puerto Ricans who resided in the United States mainland were and still are permitted to participate and represent that country in international sports events. However, their achievements representing the United States is", "title": "Sports in Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "2255155", "text": "Puerto Rico to determine whether Puerto Ricans desired to draft their own local constitution without affecting the unincorporated territory status with the U.S. A local constitution was approved by a Constitutional Convention on February 6, 1952, ratified by the U.S. Congress, approved by President Truman on July 3 of that year, and proclaimed by Gov. Muñoz Marín on July 25, 1952, the anniversary of the 1898 arrival of U.S. troops. Puerto Rico adopted the name of \"Estado Libre Asociado\" (literally translated as \"Free Associated State\"), officially translated into English as Commonwealth, for its body politic. In Guam, settlement by foreign", "title": "United States territorial acquisitions" }, { "id": "12444886", "text": "door to the settlement of the southeastern United States. They introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language and more to the land (Florida) that later became the United States of America. This settlement occurred 107 years before the Pilgrims landed. During the 1520s, the island took the name of Puerto Rico while the port became San Juan. The Spanish settlers established the first repartimiento system, under which natives were distributed to Spanish officials to be used as slave labor. On December 27, 1512, under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church, Ferdinand II of Aragon issued the Burgos' Laws, which", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "4164405", "text": "suddenly placed in charge of this our first real colony, upon which their policy could be based.\" The administration of Puerto Rico was the responsibility of the United States Department of War's Division of Insular Affairs which was molded after the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Almost immediately, the United States began the 'Americanization\" process of Puerto Rico. The U.S. occupation brought about a total change in Puerto Rico's economy and polity and did not apply democratic principles to the colony. Puerto Rico was classified as an 'unincorporated territory\" which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution did not", "title": "Puerto Rican Campaign" }, { "id": "316268", "text": "House's Presidential Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status on the Bush administration, former governor Acevedo Vilá stated: On December 21, 2007, the Bush Administration's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status reiterated and confirmed that Puerto Rico continues to be a territory of the United States under the plenary powers of the U.S. Congress. On June 15, 2009, the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization approved a draft resolution calling on the Government of the United States to expedite a process that would allow the Puerto Rican people to exercise fully their inalienable right to self-determination and independence. U.S. citizens residing", "title": "Politics of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "2762554", "text": "Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The other eleven territories are small islands, atolls, and reefs with no native or permanent population. Of those eleven, only one is classified as an incorporated territory. Two territories (Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank) are administered by Colombia. Historically, territories were created to govern newly acquired land. Most territories eventually attained statehood. Other territories at some point administered by the U.S., such as the Philippines, Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Palau, eventually became independent countries. Many organized incorporated territories of the United States existed from 1789 to 1959. The first were the", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "id": "3127998", "text": "Coll y Toste, in the \"\"Boletín histórico de Puerto Rico\"\", maintains that it was founded on June 22, 1772. On August 14, 1898, The United States Armed Forces entered and took the town of Moca finding no resistance. On August 8, 1898, after the Spanish–American War officially ended, Puerto Rico became a United States territory as an outcome of the Treaty of Paris of 1898. Localization: 18° 23'N and 67° 06'W of the Meridian of Greenwich. It is located in a small valley, in the skirts of \"The Tuna\" mountains, at 141 feet (43 m) above sea level. Climate: Tropical", "title": "Moca, Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "2762570", "text": "express the purpose to incorporate acquired territory into the United States, especially in the absence of other provisions showing an intention to the contrary.\" Part of the act of incorporation is on the people of the territory, not on the territory per se, by extending the privileges and immunities clause of the constitution to them, such as when it was extended to Puerto Rico in 1947 (despite this, Puerto Rico remains officially unincorporated). The 2016 Supreme Court case \"Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle\" ruled that territories don't have their own sovereignty. In 2016, the Supreme Court declined to rule on", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "id": "12444911", "text": "the island, was approved in Spain. In the past 400-plus years, after centuries of colonial rule, Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, the Prime Minister of Spain granted the island an autonomous government on November 25, 1897 in the empire's legislative body in Cádiz, Spain, and trade was opened up with the United States and European colonies. The charter maintained a governor appointed by Spain, who held the power to veto any legislative decision he disagreed with, and a partially elected parliamentary structure. That same year, the \"Partido Autonomista Ortodoxo\" (Orthodox Autonomist Party), led by José Celso Barbosa and Manuel Fernández Juncos, was", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "311643", "text": "United Nations (U.N.) Declaration on Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (Spanish for \"Rich Port\"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (, \"Free Associated State of Puerto Rico\") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately southeast of Miami, Florida. An archipelago among the Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques. The capital and most populous city is San Juan. The territory's total population is approximately 3.4 million. Spanish and English are the official languages, although", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "6749844", "text": "Panama Canal, and it also served as an economic and political link to the rest of Latin America. Prevailing racist attitudes made Puerto Rican statehood unlikely, so the U.S. carved out a new political status for the island. The Foraker Act and subsequent Supreme Court cases established Puerto Rico as the first unincorporated territory, meaning that the United States Constitution would not fully apply to Puerto Rico. Though the U.S. imposed tariffs on most Puerto Rican imports, it also invested in the island's infrastructure and education system. Roosevelt and his successors incorporated Puerto Rico into the American Empire, but nationalist", "title": "Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "id": "316251", "text": "purpose. The application of the Constitution to Puerto Rico is limited by the Insular Cases. On December 21, 2007, the Bush Administration's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status reiterated and confirmed that Puerto Rico continues to be a territory of the U.S. under the plenary powers of the U.S. Congress, a position shared by the remaining two-major parties: New Progressive Party and the Puerto Rican Independence Party. Following the reports recommendations the 2009 bill (), was introduced in the United States House of Representatives on May 19, 2009 by Pedro Pierluisi (D-Puerto Rico). The bill would provide for a referendum", "title": "Politics of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "15356140", "text": "political status of the island thus stems from how different Puerto Rico is politically from sovereign nations and from U.S. states. The status of the island is the result of various political activities within both the United States and Puerto Rican governments. The United Nations removed it from the list of non-self-governing territories in 1953. But it remains subject to the Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution. According to the Insular Cases, Puerto Rico is \"a territory appurtenant and belonging to the United States, but not a part of the United States within the revenue clauses of the Constitution\". American", "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "311500", "text": "of a state. That is because \"the Government of a territory owes its existence wholly to the United States\". Congress's plenary authority over federal territories includes the authority to permit self-government, whereby local officials administer a territory's internal affairs. On June 9, 2016, in Commonwealth of Puerto Rico vs Sanchez Valle, a 6–2 majority of the Supreme Court of the United States determined that Puerto Rico is a territory and lacks Sovereignty. On June 30, 2016, the President of the United States of America signed a new law approved by U.S. Congress, H.R. 5278: PROMESA, establishing a Control Board over", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "2875854", "text": "political status of Puerto Rico, as stated under the Territorial Clause. Despite the Spanish translation of the term \"commonwealth\", Puerto Rico's relationship with United States is not a Compact of Free Association (which is the case for the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Marshall Islands). As sovereign states, these islands have full right to conduct their own foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is part of the United States as a territory. The Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico says that in 1952 there was a pact between Puerto Rico and the United States that gave", "title": "Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)" }, { "id": "5950301", "text": "Magoon prepared a report to Alger in May 1899 that would have established the official departmental policy as \"the Constitution follows the flag.\" Under this view, the moment the treaty transferring the territories to U.S. sovereignty was signed, the residents of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and other territories became subject to all the rights granted by the Constitution. For the new territories following the Spanish–American War, this would have been from the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898. With the resignation of Secretary Alger, this incomplete report was not released to Congress. In August 1899, Elihu", "title": "Charles Edward Magoon" }, { "id": "4189641", "text": "Coat of arms of Puerto Rico The coat of arms of Puerto Rico was first granted by the Spanish Crown in 1511, making it the oldest heraldic achievement still currently in use in the Americas. The territory was ceded by Spain to the United States in accordance to the peace treaty that ended the Spanish–American War in 1899, after which two interim arms were adopted briefly. A law was passed in 1905 that re-established the historical armorial bearings as the arms of the territory; after numerous investigations and amendments, the current version was adopted in 1976. The major symbolism of", "title": "Coat of arms of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "20527567", "text": "As a part of the Spanish–American War, the U.S. invaded the island with a landing at Guánica on July 25, 1898. The Puerto Rican Campaign resulted in a total defeat for Spanish armed forces. U.S. troops led by Nelson A. Miles experienced only seven deaths, yet they took control over the entire island in a matter of weeks. As an outcome of the war and the comprehensive American victory, the nation of Spain ceded Puerto Rico as well as the territories of Guam and the Philippines held under Spanish sovereignty to the U.S., the 1898 Treaty of Paris establishing the", "title": "Crime in Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "311472", "text": "1957. In 1950, the U.S. Congress granted Puerto Ricans the right to organize a constitutional convention via a referendum that gave them the option of voting their preference, \"yes\" or \"no\", on a proposed U.S. law that would organize Puerto Rico as a \"commonwealth\" that would continue United States sovereignty over Puerto Rico and its people. Puerto Rico's electorate expressed its support for this measure in 1951 with a second referendum to ratify the constitution. The Constitution of Puerto Rico was formally adopted on July 3, 1952. The Constitutional Convention specified the name by which the body politic would be", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "3746203", "text": "Lower East Side, known to much of its Puerto Rican community as Loisaida, is long and extensive. From early 1400s to the end of the 1800s, Puerto Rico had slavery and was dutiful to the Spanish Crown. With granted autonomy from Spain in 1897, Puerto Rico was allowed to elect and print their own currency for a year as a territory. In 1898, The United States seized control over the territory. Being a sugar cane and coffee dependent nation allowed for the United States to intervene and rule Puerto Rico politically and economically, with no intention of giving Puerto Ricans", "title": "Nuyorican Movement" }, { "id": "1695106", "text": "to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in Political Union with the United States was approved in 1976. The Covenant was fully implemented November 3, 1986, pursuant to Presidential Proclamation no. 5564, which conferred United States citizenship on legally qualified CNMI residents. Under the Constitution of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico is described as a Commonwealth and Puerto Ricans have a degree of administrative autonomy similar to citizens of a U.S. state. Puerto Ricans \"were collectively made U.S. citizens\" in 1917 as a result of the Jones-Shafroth Act. The commonly used name in Spanish of the Commonwealth of", "title": "Dependent territory" }, { "id": "660819", "text": "Foraker Act The Foraker Act, , officially known as the Organic Act of 1900, is a United States federal law that established civilian (albeit limited popular) government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had recently become a possession of the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War. Section VII of the Foraker Act also established Puerto Rican citizenship. President William McKinley signed the act on April 12, 1900 and it became known as the \"Foraker Act\" after its sponsor, Ohio Senator Joseph B. Foraker. Its main author has been identified as Secretary of War Elihu Root. The", "title": "Foraker Act" }, { "id": "14775593", "text": "occupation and administrator of civil affairs. Many Puerto Ricans, among them Maldonado, believed that Puerto Rico would gain its independence however, almost immediately, the United States began the \"Americanization\" process of Puerto Rico. The U.S. occupation brought about a total change in Puerto Rico's economy and polity and did not apply democratic principles to the colony. Puerto Rico was classified as an \"unincorporated territory\" which meant that the protections of the United States Constitution did not automatically apply because the island belonged to the U.S., but was not part of the U.S. In 1899, the New York Times published a", "title": "José Maldonado Román" }, { "id": "16890430", "text": "the island (and several other possessions) to the United States. The U.S. Congress enacted the Foraker Act (also known as the Organic Act of 1900) sponsored by Senator Joseph B. Foraker, signed by President McKinley on April 2, 1900. This act established a civil government and free commerce between Puerto Rico and the United States. The structure of the insular government included a governor appointed by the president, an executive council (the equivalent of a senate), and a legislature with 35 members, though the executive veto required a two-thirds vote to override. The first appointed civil governor, Charles Herbert Allen,", "title": "Proposed political status for Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "311478", "text": "and he was released in 1979. Pedro Albizu Campos served many years in a federal prison in Atlanta, for seditious conspiracy to overthrow the U.S. government in Puerto Rico. The Constitution of Puerto Rico was approved by a Constitutional Convention on February 6, 1952, and 82% of the voters in a March referendum. It was modified and ratified by the U.S. Congress, approved by President Truman on July 3 of that year, and proclaimed by Gov. Muñoz Marín on July 25, 1952. This was the anniversary of July 25, 1898, landing of U.S. troops in the Puerto Rican Campaign of", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "15356173", "text": "speak at the UN. The U.S. position has not been that Puerto Rico is not a territory; rather, the U.S. position of record, based on General Assembly Resolution 748, is that the Decolonization Committee lacks jurisdiction, that the matter is one for the United States and Puerto Rico to resolve, and that Puerto Rico has not sought a new status.\" In 1972, the UN set a precedent when, after approving Puerto Rico's association with the United States in 1953 as sufficient evidence to remove PR from the list of Colonized Countries, the United Nations reopened the matter in 1972 and", "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "17905287", "text": "Non-Self-Governing Territories Commission while the situation was being overseen. Following a prolonged debate, the United States managed to convince the United Nations to remove Puerto Rico from the Commission's scope with the argument that a new status -in association by mutual agreement [and] invested with political sovereignty – had been reached. Parallel to this, Fernós presented Joint Resolution 252 in the US House of Representatives, also known as the \"Cosmetic Project\", it was the first step to \"perfect\" his model. The bill intended to \"fortify\" the notion that Puerto Rico was no longer a territory or possession and directly focused", "title": "Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War" }, { "id": "2140963", "text": "The framers had to follow only two basic requirements established under . The first was that the document must establish a republican form of government for the island. The second was the inclusion of a Bill of Rights. The constitution was approved overwhelmingly by nearly 82% of the voters in a popular referendum and ratified by the United States Congress with a few amendments. The United States maintains ultimate sovereignty over Puerto Rico while giving Puerto Ricans a high degree of . Under this Constitution, Puerto Rico officially identifies as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. A continuing debate has dealt", "title": "Constitution of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "16928202", "text": "Capital punishment in Puerto Rico Capital punishment in Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States, is abolished. However, a number of people were executed in the territory before abolition. From the 16th century until 1898, Puerto Rico was a part of the Spanish Empire. The number of people executed in Puerto Rico by the Spanish authorities is: 289 in the 16th Century, 70 in 17th Century, 44 in the 18th Century and 144 in 19th Century. In result of the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico became U.S. territory. 27 people were executed under American administration during the 20th century.", "title": "Capital punishment in Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "16928200", "text": "Capital punishment in Puerto Rico Capital punishment in Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States, is abolished. However, a number of people were executed in the territory before abolition. From the 16th century until 1898, Puerto Rico was a part of the Spanish Empire. The number of people executed in Puerto Rico by the Spanish authorities is: 289 in the 16th Century, 70 in 17th Century, 44 in the 18th Century and 144 in 19th Century. In result of the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico became U.S. territory. 27 people were executed under American administration during the 20th century.", "title": "Capital punishment in Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "17538100", "text": "Rico became subject to the Commercial and Territory Clause of the U.S. Constitution, clauses that restrict how and with whom can Puerto Rico engage internationally. The territory also became, as a byproduct, subject to the different treaties and trade agreements ratified by the United States. In 1920, after the enactment of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (also known as the Jones Act), Puerto Rico became restricted on which merchant marine it can use to import and export products. This is because the Jones Act prevents foreign-flagged ships from carrying cargo between two American ports (a practice known as cabotage).", "title": "Foreign and intergovernmental relations of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "16918823", "text": "State\") was adopted as the official Spanish name, while the official English name avoided naming any form of association or freedom, simply being called \"Commonwealth\". Unsatisfied with the model approved, Fernós spent the following years attempting to \"perfect\" the Commonwealth to reflect the eponymous model in which it was based. The first project towards that goal was presented in 1953 and pursued the derogation of Puerto Rico's status as a United States possession. Despite receiving support from the United States Department of the Interior, at the moment directly in charge of territorial affairs, and the Congressional commissions that studied it,", "title": "Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)" }, { "id": "12444939", "text": "U.S. citizenship in 1912 if it didn't make Puerto Rico a state. If they didn't become a state, U.S. citizenship would be interpreted as an attempt to block independence of the Puerto Ricans. For them, the promise of citizenship didn't affirm the promise of statehood, it excluded any considerations of independence. The act made Puerto Rico an \"organized but unincorporated\" United States territory, Puerto Ricans were also collectively given This implied that As U.S. citizens, conscription could be extended to the island. A few months later, 20,000 Puerto Rican soldiers were sent to the United States Army during the First", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "316255", "text": "Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, a group of 119 Democratic and 12 Republican members of Congress cosponsored H.R. 2000, the Puerto Rico Status Resolution Act to Congress, requesting a process for voting to admit Puerto Rico as a State to be approved and a vote to ratify Puerto Rico as a state. Puerto Rico is an organized unincorporated U.S. territory which has been given internal self-governing powers which are referred to as \"Commonwealth\" status. (The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, located in the western Pacific Ocean, has a similar delegation of self-government powers by the United States.) Puerto Rico has more", "title": "Politics of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "16918822", "text": "voluntary relegation, in line with the United Nations Trusteeship Council. At the moment Fernós expected that the territorial clause would not apply after reclaiming sovereignty, due to the fact that the United States never incorporated Puerto Rico. During the original negotiation process in Congress, Fernós was aware that several key elements of his project were being removed, but opted to focus on its initial approval, believing that he would not be able to accomplish everything at once. Under these arguments, the adoption of Law 600 was approved on June 5, 1951. The name of \"Estado Libre Asociado\" (lit. \"Associated Free", "title": "Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)" }, { "id": "6021882", "text": "Olmsted Amendment The Olmsted Amendment was a modification to the Foraker Act of 1900, and became law on July 16, 1909. The law was designed to modify several perceived weaknesses in Puerto Rico's government at the request of President William Howard Taft and Governor Regis Henri Post. It was the Foraker Act that established the United States controlled civilian government on the island of Puerto Rico after the Spanish–American War. The act also regulated the political and economic relationship between Puerto Rico and the U.S. Nevertheless, the Olmsted Amendment was passed by both houses of U.S. Congress in response to", "title": "Olmsted Amendment" }, { "id": "13319958", "text": "Puerto Rico. After 400 years of colonial domination under the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico received sovereignty in 1898 through a \"Carta de Autonomía\" (Charter of Autonomy). This Charter of Autonomy was signed by the Spanish Prime Minister Práxedes Mateo Sagasta and ratified by the Spanish Cortes. However, at the conclusion of the Spanish–American War, it was still the age of imperialism and Manifest Destiny. The United States claimed rule over the island under the Treaty of Paris, and the US demanded cessions from its defeated foe, Spain. The Puerto Rican Nationalist Party arose among opponents to this action, who said", "title": "Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s" }, { "id": "17361881", "text": "Bills in U.S. Congress regarding the political status of Puerto Rico The Territories Clause of the United States Constitution () allows for Congress to \"dispose of\" Puerto Rico and allow it to become independent of the U.S. (in the same way as the Philippines did in 1945) or, under the authority of the Admissions Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 3, cl. 1) for it to be admitted as a state of the United States (with a vote of Congress in the same way that Alaska and Hawaii were admitted in 1958 and 1959 respectively). Since Congress must approve of any political", "title": "Bills in U.S. Congress regarding the political status of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "13226968", "text": "Executive Order 13183 and extended by President George W. Bush on April 30, 2001 via an Executive Order by the same 13183 number, and dated December 2005, and a second new one commissioned by President George W. Bush himself on December 3, 2003, as an amendment to Executive Order 13183, and dated December 2007. Both reports recognized that Puerto Rico does not have a status of a permanent nature, and despite being granted wide autonomy over local issues, that it continues to be a territory of the United States subject to Congress’s plenary powers. The reports also affirmed that the", "title": "President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status" }, { "id": "311489", "text": "the United Nations approved Resolution 748, removing Puerto Rico's classification as a non-self-governing territory. The General Assembly did not apply the full list of criteria which was enunciated in 1960 when it took favorable note of the cessation of transmission of information regarding the non-self-governing status of Puerto Rico. According to the White House Task Force on Puerto Rico's Political Status in its December 21, 2007 report, the U.S., in its written submission to the UN in 1953, never represented that Congress could not change its relationship with Puerto Rico without the territory's consent. It stated that the U.S. Justice", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "311436", "text": "the capital city. The island's name was changed to \"Porto Rico\" by the United States after the Treaty of Paris of 1898. The anglicized name was used by the U.S. government and private enterprises. The name was changed back to Puerto Rico by a joint resolution in Congress introduced by Félix Córdova Dávila in 1931. The official name of the entity in Spanish is \" (\"free associated state of Puerto Rico\"), while its official English name is Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The ancient history of the archipelago which is now Puerto Rico is not well known. Unlike other indigenous cultures", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "13319959", "text": "that, as a matter of international law, the Treaty of Paris could not empower the Spanish to give what was no longer theirs. The US administered Puerto Rico as a territory, initially with a military government. It was also the age of banana republics, and here was an opportunity to create a banana republic on US occupied territory. (It was not the first one, though, as Big Five-dominated Hawaii had been annexed in 1898.) In 1901, the first civilian U.S. governor of Puerto Rico, Charles Herbert Allen, became the president of the largest sugar-refining company in the world, the American", "title": "Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s" }, { "id": "16918888", "text": "- and only 33% voted for it in 2012 - and if it were granted by the US Congress, Puerto Rico would become a Free Associated State, a virtually independent nation. It would have a political and economical treaty of association with the U.S. that would stipulate all delegated agreements. This could give Puerto Rico a similar status to Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau, countries which currently have a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Those Free Associated States use the American dollar, receive some financial support and the promise of military defense if they refuse military", "title": "Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)" }, { "id": "4565814", "text": "Jones Act were superseded in 1948, after which the Governor was popularly elected. In 1948, U.S. Congress mandated Puerto Rico to draft its own Constitution which, when ratified by the electorate and implemented in 1952, provided greater autonomy as a Commonwealth. Jones–Shafroth Act The Jones–Shafroth Act () —also known as the Jones Act of Puerto Rico, Jones Law of Puerto Rico, or as the Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act of 1917— was an Act of the United States Congress, signed by President Woodrow Wilson on March 2, 1917. The act superseded the Foraker Act and granted U.S. citizenship to anyone", "title": "Jones–Shafroth Act" }, { "id": "12444956", "text": "subject to striking Sec. 20 of Article II and adding text to Sec. 3 of Article VII of the final draft, amendments that were finally ratified in November of that year. The island organized as the \"Estado Libre Asociado\" (Commonwealth of Puerto Rico). That same year marked the first time that the Flag of Puerto Rico could be publicly displayed, after having been criminalized in 1948 by the Popular Democratic Party-controlled government. In March 1954, four Nationalists fired guns from the visitors gallery in the US House of Representatives at the Capitol, to protest the lack of Puerto Rican independence,", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "871412", "text": "his Letter to the Sovereigns of 4 March 1493. The federal Naturalization Act, signed into law on March 26, 1790 by George Washington, explicitly barred anyone not of the White \"race\" from applying for U.S. citizenship. This law remained in effect until the 1950s, although its enforcement was tightened in the late nineteenth century regarding Asian immigrants, and by the Johnson-Reed act of 1924 imposing immigration quotas. In short, until late in the twentieth century, only immigrants of the White \"race\" could hope to become naturalized citizens. The people of Puerto Rico were declared U.S. citizens in 1917. Puerto Ricans", "title": "Puerto Ricans" }, { "id": "311487", "text": "United States Congress would be necessary to implement changes to the status of Puerto Rico under the Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution. Since 1953, the UN has been considering the political status of Puerto Rico and how to assist it in achieving \"independence\" or \"decolonization\". In 1978, the Special Committee determined that a \"colonial relationship\" existed between the U.S. and Puerto Rico. The UN's Special Committee on Decolonization has often referred to Puerto Rico as a \"nation\" in its reports, because, internationally, the people of Puerto Rico are often considered to be a Caribbean nation with their own", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "15356176", "text": "of equality). The report concluded that Puerto Rico \"remains an unincorporated territory and does not have the status of 'free association' with the United States as that status is defined under United States law or international practice\", and that the establishment of local self-government with the consent of the people can be unilaterally revoked by the U.S. Congress. The application of the U.S. Constitution applies partially to Puerto Rico by the Insular Cases. Since 1953, the UN has been considering the political status of Puerto Rico and how to assist it in achieving \"independence\" or \"decolonization\". In 1978, the United", "title": "Political status of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "17905303", "text": "resulting in the momentary creation of a Republic of Puerto Rico, which would then negotiate with Congress directly. This concept, known then as the \"culminated\" or \"perfected \"Estado Libre Asociado\"\" was consistent with the definition of free association approved by the United Nations on December 14, 1960, through UN General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV). However, the inclusion of statehood as an option in the referendum contemplated in the project did not sit well with Fernós. The failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion further complicated matters with the United States military, which was now focusing on reinforcing its presence in", "title": "Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War" }, { "id": "16890427", "text": "Proposed political status for Puerto Rico The proposed political status for Puerto Rico encompasses the different schools of thought on whether Puerto Rico, currently a Commonwealth of the United States, should change its current political status. Although there are many differing points of view, there are four that emerge in principle: that Puerto Rico maintains its current status, becomes a state of the United States, becomes fully independent, or becomes a freely associated state. Even though Puerto Rico was granted local autonomy in 1952, it remains a territory of the United States. Its ambiguous status continues to spark political debates", "title": "Proposed political status for Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "12120202", "text": "parliament and the municipal councils occurred in early 1898. The island legislature first met in July, only eight days before the US invasion of the island. Following Spain's defeat, the US annexed Puerto Rico as a territory. Captaincy General of Puerto Rico The Captaincy General of Puerto Rico () was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire, created in 1580 to provide better military management of the island of Puerto Rico, previously under the direct rule of a simple governor and the jurisdiction of Audiencia of Santo Domingo. Its creation was part of the, ultimately futile, Habsburg attempt in the", "title": "Captaincy General of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "16890429", "text": "status referendum, 2012, when for the first time, the majority (54%) of Puerto Ricans voted against it. Full statehood was the preferred option of those who wanted a change. The results were highly controversial: many ballots were left blank and the results were criticized by several parties. The federal government took no action except to provide funding for a subsequent referendum. The Puerto Rican status referendum, 2017 was the fifth, held on June 11, 2017. Puerto Rico became an American territory in 1898 when, as per the terms of the Treaty of Paris which concluded the Spanish–American War, Spain ceded", "title": "Proposed political status for Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "6187955", "text": "In 1896, Coll y Cuchí's family sent him to Spain where he earned his degree in law from the University of Barcelona. During his stay in Spain, he became interested in politics and became involved with the Puerto Rico's independence movement. When Coll y Cuchí returned to Puerto Rico, he found himself with a totally different political situation. The island, which once belonged to the Spanish Crown, was now a territory of the United States. This came about as part of the Treaty of Paris as a consequence of the outcome of the Spanish–American War. In 1904, he joined the", "title": "José Coll y Cuchí" }, { "id": "12415277", "text": "Puerto Ricans by writing letters published in \"The New York Times\". González was born and raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico when the island was still a possession of the Spanish Crown. Therefore, she was a native inhabitant of Puerto Rico and a Spanish subject, though not of the Peninsula (Spain). Her parents were Severo González and Antonia Dávila. She was residing in the island on April 11, 1899, the date of the proclamation of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 which ceded the island to the United States. One of the conditions of the treaty was to transfer by", "title": "Isabel González" }, { "id": "13727813", "text": "Puerto Ricans in World War I Puerto Ricans and people of Puerto Rican descent have participated as members of the United States Armed Forces in every conflict in which the United States has been involved since World War I. One of the consequences of the Spanish–American War was that Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, ratified on December 10, 1898. On January 15, 1899, the military government changed the name of Puerto Rico to Porto Rico (On May 17, 1932, the U.S. Congress changed the name", "title": "Puerto Ricans in World War I" }, { "id": "316248", "text": "particular arrangement for Puerto Rico as a Commonwealth\". This determination was based on articles in the U.S. Constitution regarding territories. Prominent leaders in the pro-statehood and pro-independence political movements agree with this assessment. In 2005 and 2007, two reports were issued by the U.S. President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status. Both reports conclude that Puerto Rico continues to be a territory of U.S. under the plenary powers of the U.S. Congress. Reactions from Puerto Rico's two major political parties were mixed. The Popular Democratic Party (PPD) challenged the task force's report and committed to validating the current status in", "title": "Politics of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "13025645", "text": "a close relationship with the U.S., perhaps akin to a concept known as \"free association.\" Free association generally implies negotiated legal, economic, or defense ties between two independent nations. Three former territories – the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau – are currently engaged in free association with the United States. (Following World War II, the U.S. administered all three of those territories on behalf of the United Nations, although they were never U.S. territories per se but United Nations Trust Territories.) Based on current compact agreements with the Republic of", "title": "Puerto Rico Democracy Act" }, { "id": "1695108", "text": "differs from that of the Pacific Islands that entered into Compacts of Free Association with the United States. As sovereign states, these islands have full right to conduct their own foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to United States congressional authority under the Constitution's Territory Clause, \"to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory… belonging to the United States.\". Puerto Rico does not have the right to unilaterally declare independence, and at the last referendum (1998) the narrow majority voted for \"none of the above\", which was a formally", "title": "Dependent territory" }, { "id": "17361900", "text": "admission of the territory of Puerto Rico into the Union as a State, and for other purposes.\" The bill has been referred to the House Committee on Natural Resources. Bills in U.S. Congress regarding the political status of Puerto Rico The Territories Clause of the United States Constitution () allows for Congress to \"dispose of\" Puerto Rico and allow it to become independent of the U.S. (in the same way as the Philippines did in 1945) or, under the authority of the Admissions Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 3, cl. 1) for it to be admitted as a state of the", "title": "Bills in U.S. Congress regarding the political status of Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "311462", "text": "to the U.S. The United States and Puerto Rico began a long-standing metropolis-colony relationship. In the early 20th century, Puerto Rico was ruled by the military, with officials including the governor appointed by the President of the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900 gave Puerto Rico a certain amount of civilian popular government, including a popularly elected House of Representatives. The upper house and governor were appointed by the United States. Its judicial system was constructed to follow the American legal system; a Puerto Rico Supreme Court and a United State District Court for the territory were established. It", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "311465", "text": "army as American entry into World War I grew likely. The same Act provided for a popularly elected Senate to complete a bicameral Legislative Assembly, as well as a bill of rights. It authorized the popular election of the Resident Commissioner to a four-year term. Natural disasters, including a major earthquake and tsunami in 1918 and several hurricanes, as well as the Great Depression, impoverished the island during the first few decades under U.S. rule. Some political leaders, such as Pedro Albizu Campos, who led the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, demanded a change in relations with the United States. He", "title": "Puerto Rico" }, { "id": "4164340", "text": "After about an hour of fighting, Spanish artillery batteries had been silenced. American guns advanced some 2,150 yards and set up positions, but soldiers reported seeing Spanish reinforcements nearby and the guns were withdrawn back to the main line. Shortly before the launch of a flanking movement on the Spanish, all military actions in Puerto Rico were suspended on August 13, after U.S. President William McKinley and French Ambassador Jules Cambon, acting on behalf of the Spanish government, signed an armistice whereby Spain relinquished its sovereignty over the territories of Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines and Guam. In 1890, Captain", "title": "Puerto Rican Campaign" }, { "id": "311429", "text": "Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (Spanish for \"Rich Port\"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (, \"Free Associated State of Puerto Rico\") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately southeast of Miami, Florida. An archipelago among the Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques. The capital and most populous city is San Juan. The territory's total population is approximately 3.4 million. Spanish and English are the official languages, although though Spanish predominates. Puerto Rico's unique heritage,", "title": "Puerto Rico" } ]

[ "Dan Stevens" ]

[ { "id": "18553291", "text": "were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively, and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through tweets. The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor and Stanley Tucci were announced between March and April to play LeFou, Mrs. Potts, Maurice, Madame de Garderobe, Cogsworth, Plumette, Lumière and Cadenza, respectively. Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as \"perfect\". Paige O'Hara, who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553276", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's 18th-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "20071633", "text": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) \"Evermore\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast, \"Evermore\" was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version became available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's cover is played during", "title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)" }, { "id": "1208691", "text": "the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a \"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\". In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\") would re-write the script. In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film. In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively. The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "18553277", "text": "McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles. Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England on May 18, 2015, and ended on August 21. With an estimated budget of around $255 million, it is one of the most expensive films ever made. \"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered at Spencer House in London on February 23, 2017, and was released in the United States in standard, Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D formats, along with Dolby Cinema on March 17, 2017. The film received generally favorable reviews, with many praising the performances and its faithfulness to the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "8316034", "text": "beautiful young woman named Belle who he imprisons in his castle. All this must be done before the last petal falls from the enchanted rose on his twenty-first birthday. In all animated film appearances, the Beast is voiced by American actor Robby Benson. The 1991 animated film was adapted into a Broadway musical in 1994, with the role being originated by American actor Terrence Mann. Dan Stevens portrays the character in a 2017 live-action adaptation of the original 1991 film. Determining a suitable appearance for the Beast proved challenging. Although entirely fictional, supervising animator Glen Keane felt it essential for", "title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "19955601", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on March 10, 2017. The songs feature vocal performances by the film's ensemble cast including Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor,", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)" }, { "id": "16247435", "text": "Stuart Gillard, Steven A. Adelson, Morris Claiborne, Mairzee Almas, Bradley Walsh, Fred Gerber, Kevin Fair, Mike Rohl, Gary Fleder, Paul Fox, P.J. Pesce, Paul A. Kaufman, Scott Peters, Jeff Renfroe, Michael Robison, Lee Rose, Rick Rosenthal, Bobby Roth, Norma Bailey, Grant Harvey, Allan Kroeker, Rich Newey, and Sudz Sutherland. Casting announcements began in February 2012, when Kristin Kreuk was first cast in the lead role of Catherine Chandler. Austin Basis was then cast in the role of J.T. Forbes, Vincent's best friend. Nina Lisandrello and Nicole Gale Anderson were then added to the cast, with Lisandrello landing the role of", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)" }, { "id": "1208689", "text": "became the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions. The original Broadway cast included Terrence Mann as the Beast, Susan Egan as Belle, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumière, Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, and Stacey Logan as Babette the feather duster. Many well-known actors and singers also starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, including Kerry Butler, Deborah Gibson, Toni Braxton, Andrea McArdle, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Christy Carlson Romano, Ashley Brown, and Anneliese van der Pol as Belle; Chuck Wagner, James Barbour, and Jeff McCarthy as", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "20084381", "text": "Days in the Sun \"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017 film. It was released on March 10, 2017, as", "title": "Days in the Sun" }, { "id": "8316068", "text": "of \"the Beast\" is actually another fairy tale character, Rumplestiltskin (played by Robert Carlyle), who gains possession of Belle as part of a deal to save Belle's kingdom from losing a war. Indian actor Vikram portrayed Beast for sequences in a dreamy song \"Ennodu Nee Irundhal\" in the 2015 Tamil language film \"\"I\"\" opposite Amy Jackson who portrayed Belle. The original prosthetic make-up for the characters were provided by Sean Foot (Shaun) and Davina Lamont and additional works were done by National Film Award winners—Christien Tinsley and Dominie Till. In March 2015, English actor Dan Stevens was cast as the", "title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "18553278", "text": "original animated film, as well as elements from the Broadway musical, visual style, production values, and score, though it received criticism for some of the character designs and its excessive similarity to the original. The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing live-action musical film, and making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2017, the tenth-highest-ever-grossing film in North America and the 14th-highest-grossing film of all time. The film received four nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards and two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. It also received Academy Award nominations for Best Production Design and", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1208690", "text": "the Beast; Meshach Taylor, Patrick Page, Bryan Batt, Jacob Young, and John Tartaglia as Lumière; and Marc Kudisch, Christopher Sieber, and Donny Osmond as Gaston. The show ended its Broadway run on July 29, 2007 after 46 previews and 5,461 performances. , it is Broadway's tenth-longest-running show in history. In June 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action film adaptation of the original film was in the works, with Bill Condon directing and Evan Spiliotopoulos writing the script. Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the original film, but also to include most, if not all, of", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "3746045", "text": "25th anniversary. O'Hara reprised the role of Belle in the 2018 film \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\". O'Hara is married to actor Michael Piontek. The couple first met in 1989; after six years of dating, they married in 1995. Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical \"Showboat\". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", in which she voiced the", "title": "Paige O'Hara" }, { "id": "17628851", "text": "of Friendship\" is a live-action/animated direct-to-video installment of the film series. It was directed by Jimbo Mitchell, and released on August 17, 1999. It is set during the original film, and was released in part to help promote Disney Channel's television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle. On March 17, 2017, Disney released a live-action adaptation of the film, which was directed by Bill Condon. The movie stars Emma Watson as Belle, Dan Stevens as the Beast, Luke Evans as Gaston, Ewan McGregor as Lumière, Ian McKellen as Cogsworth, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts, Kevin Kline as Maurice, and", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "id": "18553292", "text": "to help Watson with her singing lessons. According to \"The Hollywood Reporter\", Emma Watson was reportedly paid $3 million upfront, together with an agreement that her final take-home pay could rise as high as $15 million if the film generated gross box office income similar to \"Maleficent\"'s $759 million worldwide gross. Principal photography on the film began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, on May 18, 2015. Filming with the principal actors concluded on August 21. Six days later, co-producer Jack Morrissey confirmed that the film had officially wrapped production. The Beast was portrayed with a \"more traditional motion capture", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "4755008", "text": "Choice Award for Best Dramatic Movie. Chbosky re-wrote Evan Spiliotopoulos's original script for the 2017 live action reboot of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Bill Condon and starring Emma Watson as Belle. Chbosky and Watson developed a close relationship during the production of \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower.\" The adaptation was faithful to the original 1991 animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\", with all the original musical numbers included. The film was released on March 17, 2017. Chbosky directed the 2017 film \"Wonder\", co-written by Chbosky, Jack Thorne, and Steve Conrad and based on the 2012 novel", "title": "Stephen Chbosky" }, { "id": "3135251", "text": "Benson also starred in the movie \"Tribute\" opposite Jack Lemmon. In 1981, he costarred in the film \"The Chosen\", based on the book of the same name by Chaim Potok. \"The New York Times\" gave the film a mixed review, but noted that Benson's character was \"full of a gentle inquisitiveness that cannot help but win the audience's sympathy.\" Benson played Olympic 10,000-meter gold medalist Billy Mills in the 1983 film \"Running Brave\". In 1991, he starred as the voice of Beast in the acclaimed animated Disney film \"Beauty and the Beast\". Later in the 1990s he voiced lead character", "title": "Robby Benson" }, { "id": "18070435", "text": "Something There \"Something There\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Sung by the majority of the film's main cast, the song was recorded by American actors Paige O'Hara as Belle and Robby Benson as the Beast via voice over, featuring actors Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and David Ogden Stiers as Lumiere, Mrs. Potts and Cogsworth, respectively. The only song performed by the Beast, \"Something There\" is heard midway through \"Beauty and the Beast \"during a scene in which Belle and the", "title": "Something There" }, { "id": "16247429", "text": "Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series) Beauty & the Beast is an American television series filmed in Toronto, Canada, very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS series of the same name, developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin that premiered October 11, 2012, on The CW. Kristin Kreuk and Jay Ryan star in the title roles alongside Austin Basis, Nina Lisandrello, Nicole Gale Anderson, Sendhil Ramamurthy, Max Brown, Brian J. White, Amber Skye Noyes, and Michael Roark. Catherine Chandler witnessed her mother's murder and was almost killed herself until someone—or something—saved her. After nine years, now working as a", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)" }, { "id": "4159114", "text": "at Emerson's Bar and Grill\" for HBO in which McDonald portrayed jazz legend Billie Holiday. She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program in 2015 for her work hosting the program \"Live from Lincoln Center\". On film she is best known for her portrayals of Maureen in \"Ricki and the Flash\" (2015) opposite Meryl Streep and Madame de Garderobe in the 2017 film version of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\". She has been nominated five times for the NAACP Image Awards for her work in television and film. McDonald was born in West Berlin, Germany, the daughter", "title": "Audra McDonald" }, { "id": "17511492", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2014 film) Beauty and the Beast () is a 2014 Franco-German romantic fantasy film based on the traditional fairy tale of the same name by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve. Written by Christophe Gans and Sandra Vo-Anh and directed by Gans, the film stars Léa Seydoux as Belle and Vincent Cassel as the Beast. The film was screened out of competition at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival and was released in France on 12 February 2014 to positive reviews, becoming a box office success. International reviews were more mixed. It was nominated for the People's Choice", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)" }, { "id": "728625", "text": "Linda Hamilton Linda Carroll Hamilton (born September 26, 1956) is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Sarah Connor in \"The Terminator\" film series and Catherine Chandler in the television series \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1987-1990), for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and an Emmy Award. She also starred as Vicky in the horror film \"Children of the Corn\". Hamilton had a recurring role as Mary Elizabeth Bartowski on NBC's \"Chuck\". Hamilton was born in Salisbury, Maryland. Hamilton's father, Carroll Stanford Hamilton, a physician, died when she was five, and her mother later married", "title": "Linda Hamilton" }, { "id": "18553294", "text": "due to confusion among test audiences caused by actress Harriet Jones, who looked similar to Hattie Morahan, who portrayed Agathe. In the original version of the scene, it was Jones's character, the Prince's mother, who sings the first verse of the song, with Rudi Goodman playing the young Prince and Henry Garrett playing his father; but in the reshot version of the scene, the singing part is given to the Prince (now played by Adam Mitchell). The King was also recast to Tom Turner, although Harriet Jones was still the Queen, albeit with dark hair. Both Goodman and Garrett's names", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "9978609", "text": "its songs have also been influenced by French, classical, pop and Broadway music. Credited to Various Artists, \"Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\" features performances by the film's main cast – Paige O'Hara, Richard White, Jesse Corti, Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and Robby Benson – in order of appearance. Additionally, the album features recording artists Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, who perform a pop rendition of the film's title and theme song, \"Beauty and the Beast\", which simultaneously serves as the soundtrack's only single. Following a difficult period during where Walt Disney Feature Animation struggled to release successful", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)" }, { "id": "1478947", "text": "Best Picture nomination: \"Mary Poppins\" (1964), \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991), \"Up\" (2009), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010). Walt Disney Pictures has produced four films that have grossed over $1 billion at the worldwide box office: \"\" (2006), \"Alice in Wonderland\" (2010), \"\" (2011), and \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017); and has released five animated films that have reached that milestone: \"Toy Story 3\" (2010), \"Frozen\" (2013), \"Zootopia\", \"Finding Dory\" (both 2016), and \"Incredibles 2\" (2018). —Includes theatrical reissue(s). Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Pictures, formally known as Buena Vista Pictures, is an American film studio and a subsidiary of", "title": "Walt Disney Pictures" }, { "id": "9424040", "text": "Rex Everhart Rex Everhart (June 13, 1920 – March 13, 2000) was an American film and musical theatre actor and singer. Everhart appeared in such films as \"Superman\", in 1978. He was also known for his role as Enos the Truck-Driver in the horror film, \"Friday the 13th\" (1980) and its sequel. He provided the voice of Maurice, Belle's father, in the 1991 musical animated Disney film, \"Beauty and the Beast\". Everhart performed in numerous roles on Broadway including \"1776\", \"Chicago\", \"Woman of the Year\" and the revival of \"Anything Goes\". He was nominated for a 1978 Tony Award as", "title": "Rex Everhart" }, { "id": "18553336", "text": "satisfied.\" In her A- review, Nancy Churnin of \"The Dallas Morning News\" praised the film's emotional and thematic depth, remarking: \"There's an emotional authenticity in director Bill Condon's live-action Beauty and the Beast film that helps you rediscover Disney's beloved 1991 animated film and 1994 stage show in fresh, stirring ways.\" James Berardinelli of ReelViews described the 2017 version as \"enthralling\". Brian Truitt of \"USA Today\" commended the performances of Evans, Gad, McGregor and Thompson alongside Condon's affinity with musicals, the production design, visual effects featured in some of the song numbers including new songs made by the composers Alan", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "20084394", "text": "as \"uninspired and hard to recall after the fact\". Days in the Sun \"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017", "title": "Days in the Sun" }, { "id": "12330932", "text": "Jeremy Irons. In January 2015, Evans officially exited \"The Crow\" to pursue other projects. The same year, he was named one of \"GQ\"s 50 best dressed British men. In 2016, Evans appeared in the thriller film \"The Girl on the Train\", co-starring Emily Blunt. In 2017, he had the villainous role of Gaston in Disney's live action remake, \"Beauty and the Beast\", which co-stars Emma Watson; and also played the lead role, William Moulton Marston, the creator of Wonder Woman, in the film \"Professor Marston and the Wonder Women\". In 2018, Evans stars in TNT drama \"The Alienist\", as newspaper", "title": "Luke Evans (actor)" }, { "id": "11548195", "text": "that we all can do this,\" she said. In 2017, Greenwood worked on Disney's live action version of \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Bill Condon and released in March, and the biopic \"Darkest Hour\", directed by Joe Wright; receiving Oscar nominations for both. Sarah Greenwood Sarah Greenwood is a British production designer. She has been nominated six times for an Academy Award – in 2006 for \"Pride & Prejudice\", in 2008 for \"Atonement\", in 2010 for \"Sherlock Holmes\", in 2013 for \"Anna Karenina\" and in 2018 for both \"Beauty and the Beast\", and \"Darkest Hour\". In 2013, she was", "title": "Sarah Greenwood" }, { "id": "1320544", "text": "She also appeared in an episode of \"The Vicar of Dibley\", in which she played Reverend Iris. In February 2016, Watson announced she was taking a year-long break from acting. She planned to spend the time on her \"personal development\" and her women's rights work. Watson played Belle in the 2017 live action Disney adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" directed by Bill Condon, and starring opposite Dan Stevens as the Beast. The film earned over $1.2 billion at the box office and emerged as the second highest-grossing film of 2017, behind only \"\", and the 14th highest-grossing film of", "title": "Emma Watson" }, { "id": "12330926", "text": "Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's \"The Hobbit\". Evans also portrayed the vampire Dracula in the character's film origin story, \"Dracula Untold\". In 2017, Evans starred as Gaston in Disney's live action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\", and portrayed American psychologist William Moulton Marston, creator of fictional character Wonder Woman, in the biographical drama \"Professor Marston and the Wonder Women\". Evans was born on Easter Sunday, 15 April 1979, in Pontypool, and brought up in Aberbargoed, a small town in the Rhymney Valley, Wales, the only child of Yvonne and David Evans. He was raised as", "title": "Luke Evans (actor)" }, { "id": "18553331", "text": "\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\"). \"Beauty and the Beast\" received generally positive reviews, with praise for its ensemble cast, visuals, production values, musical score, songs, and faithfulness to the original film with a few elements of the Broadway musical version, while the designs of the Beast and the servants' household object forms received mixed reviews. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 71% based on 336 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"With an enchanting cast, beautifully crafted songs, and a painterly eye for detail, \"Beauty and the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18571033", "text": "the feature dancer in the music video for \"Wide Open\" by The Chemical Brothers and Beck. In August 2016, she appeared in the music video for Frank Ocean's song \"Nikes\". In 2016 Mizuno was in \"La La Land\", playing the role of Caitlin, one of the three roommates of Mia, played by Emma Stone. In 2017, Mizuno appeared in a small role as the debutante in Disney's live-action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\", and in 2018, she acted in the Warner Bros. film \"Crazy Rich Asians\", opposite Constance Wu and Michelle Yeoh. Sonoya Mizuno Sonoya Mizuno (born 1 July", "title": "Sonoya Mizuno" }, { "id": "7125781", "text": "Dan Stevens Daniel Jonathan Stevens (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He first drew international attention for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series \"Downton Abbey\" (2010–12). He also starred as David in the thriller film \"The Guest\" (2014), Sir Lancelot in the adventure film \"\" (2014), The Beast/Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), Lorin Willis in the biographical legal drama \"Marshall\" (2017), and Charles Dickens in the biographical drama \"The Man Who Invented Christmas\" (2017). Since 2017, he has starred as David Haller in the FX", "title": "Dan Stevens" }, { "id": "1208692", "text": "Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively. Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical. Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015. The film was released on March 17, 2017. \"Beauty and the Beast\" merchandise cover a wide variety of products, among them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic book based on the film", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "958938", "text": "Kristin Kreuk Kristin Laura Kreuk (; born December 30, 1982) is a Canadian actress. Debuting on Canadian teen drama \"Edgemont\", she became most known for her roles as Lana Lang in the superhero television series \"Smallville\" (2001–2008), and as Catherine Chandler in The CW sci-fi series \"Beauty & the Beast\" (2012–2016). She has also starred in movies such as \"\" (2001), \"\" (2009), and \"Irvine Welsh's Ecstasy\" (2011). Kreuk was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, to Peter Kreuk and Deanna Che, two landscape architects. Her father is of Dutch descent, her mother is of Chinese descent, born in Indonesia, and", "title": "Kristin Kreuk" }, { "id": "1208630", "text": "the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara), a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle to become a prince again. To break the curse, Beast must learn to love Belle and earn her love in return before the last petal falls from an enchanted rose or else the Beast will remain a monster forever. The film also features the voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, and Angela Lansbury. Walt Disney first", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "12566271", "text": "Copperbottom in \"Robots\" (2005), Camerlengo Father Patrick McKenna in \"Angels and Demons\" (2009), \"the ghost\" in Roman Polanski's political thriller \"The Ghost Writer\" (2010), Dr. Alfred Jones in the romantic comedy-drama \"Salmon Fishing in the Yemen\" (2011), Lumière in a live-action adaptation of the musical romantic fantasy \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), and the adult version of the titular character in the fantasy comedy-drama \"Christopher Robin\" (2018). In 2018, McGregor won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film for his performance as brothers in the third season of FX anthology series \"Fargo\", and received Golden", "title": "Ewan McGregor" }, { "id": "13140539", "text": "Nicole Gale Anderson Nicole Gale Anderson (born August 29, 1990) is a Filipino-American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series \"Beauty & the Beast\". She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel Original Series \"Jonas\", and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family series \"Make It or Break It\" and \"Ravenswood\". Anderson was born in Rochester, Indiana. Her father is an American who served as a Commander in the United States Navy, and her mother is of Filipino ethnicity. As a child,", "title": "Nicole Gale Anderson" }, { "id": "18553300", "text": "Grande and Legend's updated version of the title song is faithful to the original, Grammy-winning duet, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson for the 1991 Disney film. Disney debuted the music video for Ariana Grande and John Legend's interpretation of the title song on Freeform television network on March 5, 2017, and it has since been viewed over 100 million views on the Vevo video-hosting service. Emma Thompson also performed a rendition of the title song, which was performed by Angela Lansbury in the original 1991 animated film. On March 16, 2015, Disney announced the film would be released", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "16777204", "text": "Julie Nathanson Julie Nathanson (born May 10, 1975) is an American actress, voice actress and singer who can be heard as Silver Banshee and Jewelee in DC's animated film \"\" and as Jess Black in Ubisoft's \"Far Cry 5\". She has been voicing Belle from Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", replacing Paige O'Hara in various media since the 2011 video game \"\". Nathanson graduated from Tufts University before beginning her career in acting. She was first seen in the 1997 TV movie \"Kiss & Tell\" and subsequently appeared on several television series and movies such as \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" (1996–97),", "title": "Julie Nathanson" }, { "id": "3489794", "text": "Ron Perlman Ronald Perlman (born April 13, 1950) is an American actor and voice actor. He played the role of Vincent on the television series \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1987–1990), for which he won a Golden Globe Award, the comic book character Hellboy in both \"Hellboy\" (2004) and its sequel \"\" (2008), and Clay Morrow on the television series \"Sons of Anarchy\" (2008–2013). Perlman is known as a collaborator of \"Hellboy\" director Guillermo del Toro, having roles in the del Toro films \"Cronos\" (1993), \"Blade II\" (2002), and \"Pacific Rim\" (2013). He is also known for his voice-over work as", "title": "Ron Perlman" }, { "id": "20071673", "text": "ounces of shame.\" 34th Street Magazine contributor Haley Weiss preferred Groban's version to Stevens' original, calling it \"breathtaking and downright lovely to listen to\" while dismissing the film version as \"downright mediocre in comparison.\" Weiss questioned why Disney hadn't cast Groban as the Beast instead of Stevens due to the former's acting and musical theatre background. Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) \"Evermore\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for", "title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)" }, { "id": "19955602", "text": "Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson. The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 chart with 57,000 units, 48,000 of which are traditional album sales. It has sold 337,000 copies in the United States as of July 2017. Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)" }, { "id": "18553301", "text": "in 3D on March 17, 2017. The first official presentation of the film took place at Disney's three-day D23 Expo in August 2015. The world premiere of \"Beauty and the Beast\" took place at Spencer House in London, England on February 23, 2017; and the film later premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, on March 2, 2017. The stream was broadcast onto YouTube. A sing along version of the film released in over 1,200 US theaters nationwide on April 7, 2017. The United Kingdom received the same version on April 21, 2017. The film was re-released in", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "9446008", "text": "Hattie Morahan Harriet Jane ″Hattie″ Morahan (born 7 October 1978) is an English television, film, and stage actress. Her roles include Alice in \"The Bletchley Circle\", Gale Benson in \"The Bank Job\" (2008), Ann in \"Mr. Holmes\" (2015), Rose Coyne in \"My Mother and Other Strangers\" (2016), and Agathe/The Enchantress in \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017). Morahan was born at Lambeth, London, England. She is the younger daughter of television and film director Christopher Morahan and actress Anna Carteret. Her older sister Rebecca is a theatre director, and her half-brother Andy is a music video and film director. As a", "title": "Hattie Morahan" }, { "id": "20574228", "text": "Miss Saigon won many awards around the world, including the Tony Awards, the premier award for American theater. In 2009, once again starring in a blockbuster Broadway hit, Lissah played the character Belle, \"Beauty and the Beast\". Based on Walt Disney's two-Oscars design and the first animation to run for the main prize (Best Picture), Broadway's stage set has surpassed 13,000 performances worldwide, seen by 16 million viewers in more than 13 countries, including Canada, Japan, Mexico, and Argentina. In 2010, Lissah also appeared in \"Jekyll & Hyde - The Doctor and the Monster\". Another Broadway musical, based on the", "title": "Li Martins" }, { "id": "18553319", "text": "28, the film had earned over $500 million in ticket sales becoming the first film of 2017 (until it was later surpassed by \"The Last Jedi\"), the third female-fueled film (after \"The Force Awakens\" and \"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\" followed by \"Wonder Woman\" and \"The Last Jedi\") and the eighth overall film in cinematic history to pass the mark. It has already become the biggest March release, dethroning \"The Hunger Games\" (2012), the biggest musical film (both animated and live-action), as well as the biggest film of 2017 (alongside \"The Last Jedi\"). Outside the US and Canada, the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "5282175", "text": "on Broadway on April 18, 1994, starring Susan Egan and Terrence Mann as the eponymous Belle and Beast, respectively. The musical opened to mixed reviews from theatre critics, but was a massive commercial success and well received by audiences. \"Beauty\" ran on Broadway for 5,461 performances for thirteen years (1994 - 2007), becoming Broadway's tenth longest-running production in history. The musical has grossed more than $1.4 billion worldwide and played in thirteen countries and 115 cities. It has also become a popular choice for junior, amateur & high school productions. Still recovering from Walt Disney's demise, Disney's animated films continued", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "17935698", "text": "Ritch Brinkley Ritch Brinkley (March 18, 1944 – November 5, 2015) was an American character actor best known for playing William in \"Beauty and the Beast\" who appeared in over 50 films and television programs from 1972 to 2002 in a film and television career that spanned three decades. He is best known for roles in films such as \"Cabin Boy\" (1994) and \"Breakdown\" (1997) and television shows such as \"Dolly\" and \"Murphy Brown\". He had small roles in such films as \"Rhinestone\" (1984), starring Sylvester Stallone and Dolly Parton and \"The Man with One Red Shoe\" (1985), starring Tom", "title": "Ritch Brinkley" }, { "id": "3135248", "text": "Robby Benson Robin David Segal (born January 21, 1956), known by the stage name Robby Benson, is an American actor, voice actor, musician, singer, director, producer and educator. He is known as the voice of Beast in the Disney animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\" and its numerous sequels and spin-offs, and directed several episodes of the sitcom \"Friends\". Benson was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Freda Ann (\"née\" Benson), a singer, actor, and business promotions manager, and Jerry Segal, a writer. His family is Jewish. Benson was raised in New York City and took his mother's maiden", "title": "Robby Benson" }, { "id": "12279459", "text": "Josette Day Josette Day (Paris, July 31, 1914 - Paris, June 27, 1978) was a French film actress. Born Josette Noëlle Andrée Claire Dagory, she began her career as an actress in 1919 at the age of five. Day was in a relationship with famous French writer and director Marcel Pagnol, whom she met in January 1939 and lasted part of World War II. She did not marry him In 1946, she played her best-known role, alongside Jean Marais, as Belle in Jean Cocteau's 1946 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". Her films include \"Allo Berlin? Ici Paris!\" (1932), \"The Merry", "title": "Josette Day" }, { "id": "210759", "text": "Orson Welles set the record in 1941 with \"Citizen Kane\" being nominated for Best Picture, Director, Actor, and Screenplay (with Herman J. Mankiewicz). Warren Beatty received the same nominations, first for \"Heaven Can Wait\" in 1978 and again in 1981 with \"Reds\". Alan Menken also then achieved the same feat when he was nominated for Best Score and triple-nominated for Best Song for \"Beauty and the Beast\" in 1991. The Coen brothers frequently cast certain actors in their films, most frequently Frances McDormand, Steve Buscemi, John Goodman, Jon Polito, George Clooney, and John Turturro. They have worked twice with Jeff", "title": "Coen brothers" }, { "id": "18553307", "text": "shot of passing $1 billion worldwide from theatrical earnings. On April 12, it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the first film of 2017, the fourteenth Disney film, and the twenty-ninth film overall to pass the mark. It became the first film since \"Rogue One\" (also a Disney property) in December 2016 to make over a billion dollars, and did so on its 29th day of release. It is currently the second-highest-grossing film of 2017 (behind \"\"), the highest-grossing March release, the highest-grossing remake of all time, and the sixth-biggest Disney film. Even after inflation adjusted, it is still ahead", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "3746039", "text": "Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical \"Showboat\". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of \"Beauty and the Beast\", O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct-to-video follow-ups, \"\" (1997) and \"Belle's Magical World\" (1998), and for a cameo appearance", "title": "Paige O'Hara" }, { "id": "5282242", "text": "as Maurice, and Drew Varley as LeFou. Madison Sqaure Garden Starrs Alan Bosley as Gaston A Los Angeles production opened at the Shubert Theatre on April 12, 1995, and closed on September 29, 1996. Most of the original Broadway cast, including Susan Egan, Terrence Mann, Gary Beach, Beth Fowler, Burke Moses and Tom Bosley reprised their roles. Notable replacements included James Stacy Barbour as the Beast. The sets in this production were widely considered to be the largest out of all the musical's productions in the world. After the show closed in Los Angeles, all of the sets were transferred", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "17309095", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1962 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 1962 American romantic fantasy film directed by Edward L. Cahn and starring Joyce Taylor and Mark Damon. It is based on the 18th century fairy tale \"Beauty and the Beast\" written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont and features title creature make-up by the legendary Jack Pierce. Shot in Technicolor and distributed by United Artists, the film is the first English language live action screen adaptation of the fairy tale story. Edward Small, the film's executive producer, described it as a \"fairytale for everybody - no messages, no menace.\"", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1962 film)" }, { "id": "17309096", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1962 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 1962 American romantic fantasy film directed by Edward L. Cahn and starring Joyce Taylor and Mark Damon. It is based on the 18th century fairy tale \"Beauty and the Beast\" written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont and features title creature make-up by the legendary Jack Pierce. Shot in Technicolor and distributed by United Artists, the film is the first English language live action screen adaptation of the fairy tale story. Edward Small, the film's executive producer, described it as a \"fairytale for everybody - no messages, no menace.\"", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1962 film)" }, { "id": "5282238", "text": "on December 11, 1999. The production won the 1998 American Express Award for Best New Musical Olivier Award, against other nominees \"Enter the Guardsman\", \"The Fix\" and \"Lady in the Dark\". The show had four US national tours. The first opened on November 15, 1995, and closed in 1999. It featured Kim Huber as Belle, Fred Inkley as the Beast, Patrick Page as Lumiere and Paige Davis as Babette. Patrick Page and Paige Davis met and fell in love during the tour and married. A second national tour opened in 1999 with Susan Owen as Belle and Grant Norman as", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "2950908", "text": "and Julian Marsh in the original \"42nd Street\" (1980–1985). Nominated for multiple Tony Awards, Orbach won for his performance as Chuck Baxter in \"Promises, Promises\" (1968–1972). Later in his career, Orbach played supporting roles in films such as \"Prince of the City\" (1981), \"Dirty Dancing\" (1987), \"Crimes and Misdemeanors\" (1989) and Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). He also made frequent guest appearances on television, including a recurring role on \"Murder, She Wrote\" (1985–1991) as private detective Harry McGraw. However, he gained worldwide fame for his starring role as NYPD Detective Lennie Briscoe on the long-running NBC crime drama \"Law", "title": "Jerry Orbach" }, { "id": "1208632", "text": "served as the film's executive producer, died of AIDS-related complications six months before the film's release, and the film is thus dedicated to his memory. \"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered as an unfinished film at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 1991, followed by its theatrical release as a completed film at the El Capitan Theatre on November 13. The film grossed $425 million at the box office worldwide on a $25 million budget. \"Beauty and the Beast\" won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first animated film to ever win", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "12566281", "text": "and Julia Roberts in \"\", which was based on Tracy Letts's Pulitzer Prize-winning . McGregor starred in the action comedy film \"Mortdecai\" (2015), alongside Johnny Depp and Paul Bettany. Robbie Collin of \"The Daily Telegraph\" felt the film was \"psychotically unfunny\". He made his directorial debut with \"American Pastoral\" (2016), in which he also starred. In 2017, he reprised his role as Mark Renton in \"T2 Trainspotting\". McGregor played Lumiere in the live action adaptation of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Bill Condon with an ensemble cast featuring Emma Watson in a leading role alongside Dan Stevens, Luke", "title": "Ewan McGregor" }, { "id": "7125792", "text": "Eden (born 2016), and a son, Aubrey (born 2012). Actress Rebecca Hall is godmother to his daughter Willow. Stevens endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Dan Stevens Daniel Jonathan Stevens (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He first drew international attention for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series \"Downton Abbey\" (2010–12). He also starred as David in the thriller film \"The Guest\" (2014), Sir Lancelot in the adventure film \"\" (2014), The Beast/Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), Lorin Willis", "title": "Dan Stevens" }, { "id": "18553290", "text": "we just couldn't get it to click and it was Alan Horn who championed the idea of owning the Disney of it all. We realized there was a competitive advantage in the songs. What is wrong with making adults feel like kids again?\" In January 2015, Emma Watson announced that she would be starring as Belle, the female lead. She was the first choice of Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan F. Horn, as he had previously overseen Warner Bros. which released the eight \"Harry Potter\" films that co-starred Watson as Hermione Granger. Two months later, Luke Evans and Dan Stevens", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "3489804", "text": "a requested handshake with Harvey Weinstein at a charity event. Ron Perlman Ronald Perlman (born April 13, 1950) is an American actor and voice actor. He played the role of Vincent on the television series \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1987–1990), for which he won a Golden Globe Award, the comic book character Hellboy in both \"Hellboy\" (2004) and its sequel \"\" (2008), and Clay Morrow on the television series \"Sons of Anarchy\" (2008–2013). Perlman is known as a collaborator of \"Hellboy\" director Guillermo del Toro, having roles in the del Toro films \"Cronos\" (1993), \"Blade II\" (2002), and \"Pacific Rim\"", "title": "Ron Perlman" }, { "id": "18553333", "text": "effects, costume designs and the sets, while commending the inclusion of Gad's character of LeFou as the first LGBT character in Disney. Owen Gleiberman of \"Variety\", in his positive review of the film, wrote: \"It's a lovingly crafted movie, and in many ways a good one, but before that it's an enraptured piece of old-is-new nostalgia.\" Gleiberman compared Steven's character of the Beast to a royal version of the titular character in \"The Elephant Man\" and the 1946 version of the Beast in Jean Cocteau's original adaptation. A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" praised the performances of both", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "7125788", "text": "\"The Guest\", winning critical acclaim for his portrayal of a recently discharged army veteran who goes on a killing spree to protect his true identity. He earned a Saturn Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance. Also in 2014, he appeared in the magic realism comedy-drama film \"The Cobbler\", and in the dark action film \"A Walk Among the Tombstones\". He played a simulacrum of Sir Lancelot in the 2014 comedy film \"\". Stevens played the Beast, opposite Emma Watson as Belle, in Disney's live action remake adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\". The film was released in March", "title": "Dan Stevens" }, { "id": "2950914", "text": "Dancing\" as Dr. Jake Houseman, the father of Jennifer Grey's character \"Baby\". He made further TV appearances on popular shows such as \"The Golden Girls\" (for which he received his first Emmy nomination), \"Who's the Boss?\", and \"Frasier\" (as a guest caller). In 1991, Orbach starred in Disney's Academy Award-winning animated musical \"Beauty and the Beast\", as the voice (both singing and speaking) of the French-accented candelabrum Lumière, which according to Orbach, he played \"halfway between Maurice Chevalier and Pepé Le Pew\". At the 64th Academy Awards, Orbach performed a live-action stage rendition of the Oscar-nominated song, \"Be Our Guest\",", "title": "Jerry Orbach" }, { "id": "2037655", "text": "Susan Egan Susan Farrell Egan (born February 18, 1970) is an American actress, singer and dancer, known for her work on the Broadway stage. She is best known for originating the role of Belle in the Broadway musical adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1994), as well as for providing the voice of Megara in \"Hercules\" (1997), and the voice for Rose Quartz on \"Steven Universe\". Egan was born in Seal Beach, California on February 18, 1970. She attended Los Alamitos High School and the co-located Orange County High School of the Arts and UCLA. Having long desired to become", "title": "Susan Egan" }, { "id": "6915977", "text": "and Bryson duetted at the JT Super Producers 94 tribute concert to David Foster, and as part of Dion's 1994-95 The Colour of My Love Tour, though they have also often sung with different duet partners. Dion has sung with Tommy Körberg, Brian McKnight, Terry Bradford, Maurice Davis, Barnev Valsaint, and René Froger among others; Peabo has sung with Coko and Regine Velasquez. Ariana Grande and John Legend covered \"Beauty and the Beast\" for the 2017 live-action adaption of the same name. The accompanying music video, directed by Dave Meyers premiered on Freeform on March 5, 2017. In March 2017,", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "8316033", "text": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast) The Beast is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). He also appears in the film's two direct-to-video followups \"\" and \"Belle's Magical World\". Based on the hero of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, the Beast was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and animated by Glen Keane. A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love of a", "title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "3135254", "text": "practices Transcendental Meditation. Robby Benson Robin David Segal (born January 21, 1956), known by the stage name Robby Benson, is an American actor, voice actor, musician, singer, director, producer and educator. He is known as the voice of Beast in the Disney animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\" and its numerous sequels and spin-offs, and directed several episodes of the sitcom \"Friends\". Benson was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Freda Ann (\"née\" Benson), a singer, actor, and business promotions manager, and Jerry Segal, a writer. His family is Jewish. Benson was raised in New York City and took", "title": "Robby Benson" }, { "id": "16247433", "text": "on June 2, 2016, before concluding on September 15, 2016. Sherri Cooper-Landsman, Jennifer Levin, Ron Koslow, Gary Fleder, Paul Junger Witt, Frank Siracusa, Tony Thomas, John Weber, Bill Haber, C. Anthony Thomas and current showruner Brad Kern have served as executive producers. Roger Grant, Kevin Lafferty, Thom J. Pretak, Mairzee Almas and Michael J. Maschio serve as producers. Other producers on the show include Stuart Gillard, John A. Norris, Holly Henderson, Don Whitehead, Courtney Kemp Agboh, and Eric Tuchman as co-executive producers; Bill Goddard, Blair Singer, and Melissa Glenn as co-producers; Sean Sforza, Julie Lawrence, Kyle MacDonald, and Larry Goldstein", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)" }, { "id": "8316067", "text": "the events that occurred between \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Kingdom Hearts II\", such as Belle and Beast attempting to resume their normal lives and Beast's first encounter with Xaldin. The Beast appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", originally portrayed by Terrence Mann. Other actors who have taken on the role include Chuck Wagner (1997), James Barbour (1998), Jeff McCarthy (2004), and Steve Blanchard. The movie and others never made mention of his real name. A CD-ROM game said \"The Prince's name is Adam.\" In the 2011 ABC series \"Once Upon a Time\", the show's version", "title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "6915958", "text": "acknowledged Ashman in his acceptance speech, while thanking Lansbury, Dion, Bryson and Afanasieff for their contributions. Ashman's domestic partner Bill Lauch accepted the award on his behalf. The following year, \"Beauty and the Beast\" garnered two wins out of eight nominations at the 35th Grammy Awards, one for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television. An instrumental version arranged and conducted by Richard S. Kaufman won the 1993 Grammy for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. This rendition was performed by the Nurenberg Symphony Orchestra for the album \"Symphonic Hollywood\", under the record company Varèse Sarabande. The James Galway", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "7426417", "text": "heroes in film ranking. The character also appears in the film's several sequels and spin-offs, as well as her own live-action television series. American actress Susan Egan originated the role of Belle in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. Emma Watson plays a live-action version of the character in a 2017 live action adaptation of the original 1991 film. After the success of Walt Disney Productions' first feature-length animated film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937), filmmaker Walt Disney himself made several attempts", "title": "Belle (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "5282250", "text": "time. In 2007, a second version produced by Stage Entertainment premiered on October 3, at Teatro Coliseum, Madrid, for a limited run of six months, but the closing was postponed due to a successful season. The original cast included Julia Möller reprising her role as Belle (later replaced by María Adamuz), David Ordinas as Beast, Pablo Puyol as Gaston, Raúl Peña as LeFou, Armando Pita as Lumière, Angels Jiménez as Mrs. Potts (later replaced by Rita Barber), Esteban Oliver as Cogsworth, Silvia Luchetti as Babette, María José Oquendo as Madame de la Grande Bouche and Lorenzo Valverde as Maurice. The", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "18553309", "text": "the time the film's release was 10 days away, analysts raised projections to as high as $150 million. It earned $16.3 million from Thursday previews night, marking the biggest of 2017 (breaking \"Logan\"'s record), the biggest ever for a Disney live-action film (breaking \"Maleficent\"'s record), the second-biggest ever for both a G- or PG-rated film (behind the sixth \"Harry Potter\" film \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" which also starred Watson), and the third-biggest ever in the month of March (behind \"\" and \"The Hunger Games\"). An estimated 41% of the gross came from IMAX, 3D and premium large format", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "16247436", "text": "Tess Vargas, Catherine's partner and best friend. Anderson signed on to the recurring role of Heather Chandler, Catherine's younger sister. Jay Ryan joined the series in the second lead role, Vincent Keller (the character was originally called Vincent Koslow, though in the original series, Vincent had no last name). Max Brown signed on for the role of Dr. Evan Marks, a medical examiner who has feelings for Catherine. Brian White was the last actor to sign onto the series. White joined in the role of Joe Bishop, Catherine and Tess' commanding officer at the NYPD, who becomes romantically involved with", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)" }, { "id": "3790078", "text": "The Beautician and the Beast The Beautician and the Beast is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Ken Kwapis. It stars Fran Drescher as a New York City beautician who is hired, under the false assumption she is a science teacher, to tutor the four children of a dictator, played by Timothy Dalton, of a fictional Eastern European nation. Ian McNeice, Patrick Malahide, Lisa Jakub, Michael Lerner, Adam LaVorgna, Phyllis Newman, and Heather DeLoach appear in supporting roles. Produced by Drescher's company High School Sweethearts in partnership with Paramount Pictures, \"The Beautician and the Beast\" is her first", "title": "The Beautician and the Beast" }, { "id": "18553315", "text": "from audiences, good reviews from critics, effective marketing which sold the title not just as a family film but also as a romantic drama, the cast's star power (especially Emma Watson), lack of competition, being the first family film since \"The Lego Batman Movie\" a month earlier, nostalgia, and the success and ubiquity of the first film and Disney's brand. On Monday, its fourth day of release, the film fell precipitously by 72% earning $13.5 million. The steep fall was due to a limited marketplace where only 11% K-12 and 15% colleges were off per ComScore. Nevertheless, it is the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18589436", "text": "moved by The CW to June 11, 2015. Nicole Gale Anderson, who has been recurring as Heather Chandler for the past two seasons, was upgraded to series regular for season three. Alan Van Sprang and Natasha Henstridge played recurring characters this season Bob and Carol, married Professional Homeland Security Agents whose relationship mirrors that of Vincent and Catherine's. Charlotte Arnold guest starred in the season premiere as Marissa, a distraught Midwestern woman whose stockbroker husband suddenly begins displaying erratic, violent behavior. Jason Gedrick also appeared this season as Liam, who poses a threat to Catherine and Vincent. Brandon Gill guest", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (season 3)" }, { "id": "2599773", "text": "leading roles in Screen Gems horror-thriller film \"Patient Zero\", along with Matt Smith and Natalie Dormer. Tucci played the role of the composer Maestro Cadenza in the live-action remake of \"Beauty and the Beast\". Tucci played the husband of Dame Fiona Maye, a British High Court judge, opposite Emma Thompson in \"The Children Act\", based on the novel by Ian McEwan (2017). Tucci's first wife, Kathryn \"Kate\" Tucci (b. 1962), died of breast cancer in 2009. She was a social worker and former wife of actor and stage manager Alexander R. Scott, the elder son of actors Colleen Dewhurst and", "title": "Stanley Tucci" }, { "id": "2424154", "text": "to hold various fan conventions around the world. CBS Television Studios, which owns the rights to the series, developed a reboot for the series. Ron Koslow, the creator of the original, is executive producing, along with the earlier show's producers, Paul Junger Witt and Tony Thomas. The reboot has been described as a \"modern day romantic love story with a procedural twist.\" In the United States, it airs on The CW. The television series stars New Zealand actor Jay Ryan as Vincent (the \"beast\") and Canadian actress Kristin Kreuk as Catherine (the \"beauty\"). The pilot was filmed in Toronto, Ontario,", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series)" }, { "id": "18553334", "text": "Watson and Stevens, and wrote: \"It looks good, moves gracefully and leaves a clean and invigorating aftertaste. I almost didn't recognize the flavor: I think the name for it is joy.\" Likewise, \"The Washington Post\"s Ann Hornaday complimented Watson's performance, describing it as \"alert and solemn\" while noting her singing ability as \"serviceable enough to get the job done\". Richard Roeper of \"Chicago Sun-Times\" awarded the film three and a half stars, lauded the performances of Watson and Thompson which he drew a comparison to Paige O'Hara's and Angela Lansbury's performances in the 1991 animated version while appreciating the performances", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "728635", "text": "filming \"Terminator 2: Judgment Day\", Hamilton suffered permanent hearing damage in one ear when she fired a gun inside an elevator without using her ear plugs. Linda Hamilton Linda Carroll Hamilton (born September 26, 1956) is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Sarah Connor in \"The Terminator\" film series and Catherine Chandler in the television series \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1987-1990), for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and an Emmy Award. She also starred as Vicky in the horror film \"Children of the Corn\". Hamilton had a recurring role as Mary Elizabeth Bartowski", "title": "Linda Hamilton" }, { "id": "16247441", "text": "in some regions and on iTunes. In Greece Alpha TV premiered in March 27, 2018 the series. A series of tie-in novels, written by Nancy Holder, have been published through Titan Books. Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series) Beauty & the Beast is an American television series filmed in Toronto, Canada, very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS series of the same name, developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin that premiered October 11, 2012, on The CW. Kristin Kreuk and Jay Ryan star in the title roles alongside Austin Basis, Nina Lisandrello, Nicole Gale Anderson, Sendhil Ramamurthy, Max", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)" }, { "id": "19350027", "text": "Beauty & the Beast (season 4) The fourth and final season of \"Beauty & the Beast\" (an American television series developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin and very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS television series of the same name) consists of 13 episodes. It premiered in the United States on The CW on June 2, 2016. On February 13, 2015, The CW renewed the series for a fourth season. On October 13, 2015, it was announced that the fourth season of \"Beauty & the Beast\" would be the final season. Filming began on May 29, 2015, and ended", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (season 4)" }, { "id": "12299870", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1983 film) Beauty and the Beast () is a 1983 Danish drama film written and directed by Nils Malmros. The film stars Line Arlien-Søborg as a sexually active 16-year-old and Jesper Klein as the father who struggles to accept his daughter's relationships with boys as well as his own jealousy. Malmros, who had worked with the young Arlien-Søborg on his coming-of-age drama, \"Tree of Knowledge\", wrote the role of the daughter specifically for her. Both Arlien-Søborg and Klein won the 1984 Bodil and Robert awards for acting. \"Beauty and the Beast\" received the 1984 Bodil Award", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1983 film)" }, { "id": "8316073", "text": "the villagers. Beast (Beauty and the Beast) The Beast is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). He also appears in the film's two direct-to-video followups \"\" and \"Belle's Magical World\". Based on the hero of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, the Beast was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and animated by Glen Keane. A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love", "title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "7426433", "text": "which the studio agreed despite its costliness. O'Hara credited the filmmaker's decision with developing both the film and Belle and the Beast's relationship. O'Hara and Benson became the first Disney voice actors to record together. In total, the recording process took over two years to complete. O'Hara had already been friends with co-star Richard White, who voices Gaston, for 15 years. Despite her successful stage career, O'Hara was virtually unknown to Hollywood audiences when she was cast in \"Beauty and the Beast\"; she was one of the last obscure actresses to be cast in a feature-length Disney animated film before", "title": "Belle (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "14573736", "text": "in \"Blue Is the Warmest Colour\" and \"Grand Central\". She was also nominated for the BAFTA Rising Star Award and the César Award for Best Actress in the same year. Her role in \"Blue Is the Warmest Colour\" earned her raves reviews, numerous accolades, and international attention. Seydoux co-starred with Vincent Cassel in \"Beauty and the Beast\", a Franco-German romantic fantasy film directed by Christophe Gans. Her other 2014 films were \"The Grand Budapest Hotel\", a Wes Anderson film in which she cameoed as a maid; and Bertrand Bonello's \"Saint Laurent\", in which she played the role of the titular", "title": "Léa Seydoux" }, { "id": "5282244", "text": "Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United States. Over 35 million people have seen the show worldwide and it has grossed more than $1.7 billion. On July 15, 1995, the musical began its original Australian run in Melbourne at The Princess Theatre, before moving on to Sydney. The original Australian cast included Michael Cormick as The Beast, Rachael Beck as Belle, Hugh Jackman as Gaston, and Ernie Bourne as Maurice. In 1995, the musical", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "958949", "text": "time in the group. In 2014 and 2015, Kreuk won a People's Choice Award for Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress for her role in \"Beauty & the Beast\". In 2015, she was ranked as Canada's most beautiful person in an online poll organized by ET Canada. Kristin Kreuk Kristin Laura Kreuk (; born December 30, 1982) is a Canadian actress. Debuting on Canadian teen drama \"Edgemont\", she became most known for her roles as Lana Lang in the superhero television series \"Smallville\" (2001–2008), and as Catherine Chandler in The CW sci-fi series \"Beauty & the Beast\" (2012–2016). She has also starred", "title": "Kristin Kreuk" }, { "id": "1208647", "text": "early 1990, Katzenberg had approved the revised script, and storyboarding began again. The production flew story artists back and forth between California and New York for storyboard approvals from Ashman, though the team was not told the reason why. Disney had originally considered casting Jodi Benson from \"The Little Mermaid\" as Belle. They eventually decided upon Broadway actress and singer Paige O'Hara in favor of having a heroine who sounded \"more like a woman than a girl\". According to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara was given the role because she \"had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "18553286", "text": "to the Beast, Agathe reveals herself as the enchantress and undoes the curse, repairing the crumbling castle, and reviving the Beast then turning him and his servants' human making the villagers' remember their loved ones. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the villagers, where they dance happily. In the initial theatrical release, Mitchell was miscredited as Rudi Goodman in the cast, but listed under his real name in the soundtrack credits Stephen Merchant also appeared in the film as Monsieur Toilette, a servant who was turned into a toilet. This character was cut from the film, but is", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1208648", "text": "her special\", reminiscent to that of American actress and singer Judy Garland. O'Hara, who, after reading about the film in \"The New York Times\", competed for the role against 500 hopefuls, believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her cast recording of the musical \"Show Boat\" proved integral in her being cast. Production of \"Beauty and the Beast\" was to be completed on a compressed timeline of two years rather than the traditional four-year Disney Feature Animation production schedule; this was due to the loss of production time spent developing the earlier Purdum version of the film. Most of", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "4310789", "text": "back to Burbank after Disney decided to shutter the London satellite office and retool the film into a musical-comedy format similar to \"The Little Mermaid\". Alan Menken and Howard Ashman were retained to write the song score, though Ashman died before production was completed. Debuting first in a work-in-progress version at the 1991 New York Film Festival before its November 1991 wide release, \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale, was an unprecedented critical and commercial success, and would later be seen as one of the studio's best films. The film earned six Academy Award nominations,", "title": "Walt Disney Animation Studios" } ]

[ "Stefon Washington" ]

[ { "id": "19232801", "text": "All Eyez on Me (film) All Eyez on Me is a 2017 American biographical drama film about rapper Tupac Shakur, directed by Benny Boom and written by Jeremy Haft, Eddie Gonzalez and Steven Bagatourian. Titled after Shakur's 1996 fourth studio album, the film stars Demetrius Shipp Jr. as Shakur with Kat Graham, Lauren Cohan, Hill Harper and Danai Gurira in supporting roles. Talks of a Tupac biopic began in 2011 by Morgan Creek Entertainment Group. The film languished in development hell for several years with various directors, including Antoine Fuqua and John Singleton, attached at different points before Boom was", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "19232802", "text": "confirmed in November 2015. That December, Shipp Jr., whose father worked on music videos with Shakur, was cast as the singer and principal photography began that month. It lasted until April 2016, filming in Atlanta, Las Vegas and Los Angeles. \"All Eyez on Me\" premiered on June 14, 2017 at the Fox Bruin Theater and was released in the United States on June 16, 2017, on what would have been Shakur's 46th birthday. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, but a more positive response from audiences, and grossed $55 million worldwide. At the Clinton Correctional Facility in 1995,", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "19232813", "text": "Ray Luv. On January 19, TheWrap reported that Grace Gibson had been cast to play Biggie Smalls' wife, Faith Evans, and on January 22, 2016, Keith Robinson was cast as Atron Gregory, a TNT Records founder, who first helped Tupac become a dancer and a solo artist. Annie Ilonzeh was added to the cast in February 2016 to play Kidada Jones, who was engaged to Tupac at the time of his death. Principal photography on the film began in mid-December 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia. Filming wrapped on April 12, 2016, in Las Vegas, Nevada. On June 16, 2016, on what", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "19232820", "text": "was no backstage argument. She did, however, praise the performances of Shipp and Graham. Both Sean Combs and Suge Knight gave blessings to the film, praising their respective portrayals. All Eyez on Me (film) All Eyez on Me is a 2017 American biographical drama film about rapper Tupac Shakur, directed by Benny Boom and written by Jeremy Haft, Eddie Gonzalez and Steven Bagatourian. Titled after Shakur's 1996 fourth studio album, the film stars Demetrius Shipp Jr. as Shakur with Kat Graham, Lauren Cohan, Hill Harper and Danai Gurira in supporting roles. Talks of a Tupac biopic began in 2011 by", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "19232812", "text": "on to play Jada Pinkett, a friend of Tupac from the Baltimore School for the Arts. It was later revealed that Dominic L. Santana had been cast as record producer Suge Knight. On January 13, Jamie Hector signed on to play Mutulu Shakur, Tupac's stepfather. On January 15, Lauren Cohan joined the cast to play Leila Steinberg, a key figure in Tupac's life, as his mentor. Money B appeared in the film as himself, Tupac's coworker at Digital Underground, while Clifton Powell was cast as Floyd, an inmate at the Clinton Correctional Facility, and Johnell Young as Tupac's close friend", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "19232811", "text": "2015, it was reported that music director Benny Boom would direct the film, replacing Franklin. In early December 2015, the film's title was confirmed to be \"All Eyez On Me\". Newcomer Demetrius Shipp, Jr. was set to play Tupac. Jamal Woolard joined the film to play The Notorious B.I.G., Tupac's friend turned rival, reprising his starring role in the 2009 film \"Notorious\". On January 11, 2016, Danai Gurira was added to the film's cast to play Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur, a political activist and member of the Black Panther Party. \"Variety\" reported the next day that Kat Graham had signed", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "19232808", "text": "announced that Morgan Creek Productions was developing, and would finance and produce, \"Tupac\", a biographical film about rap legend Tupac Shakur, which would follow his entire life, from growing up in East Harlem to becoming a legendary songwriter and hip-hop artist, to his death in Las Vegas at the age of 25. Antoine Fuqua was attached as the director of the film, and the script was written by Steven Bagatourian, Stephen J. Rivele, and Christopher Wilkinson. James G. Robinson and David C. Robinson were set to produce the film, along with Program Pictures' L.T. Hutton, and Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "9493724", "text": "since been certified 2x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. \"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted\" featuring rapper Snoop Dogg, was released as the second single on, May 7, 1996. The video was directed by one of 2Pac's production partners, Gobi M. Rahimi and was filmed four months prior to the September 1996 shooting of 2Pac. The prelude for the song shows a parody of Biggie Smalls (\"Piggie\") and Puff Daddy (\"Buff Daddy\") in discussion with Shakur about the November 1994 shooting. The beginning of the scene where Tupac is speaking to Biggie is in reference to the movie", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "9471102", "text": "directed by Chris Robinson and primarily filmed in Hollywood, California between July 14, and 15 2002. \"The theme of the video is me just getting up, going about a normal day,\" Monica said. \"I got a chance to just go shopping and stuff like that, but this scene is more of me dancing and having a good time, like the song says, in the club. So that's basically the whole theme of it. Just to have a good time.\" The video features guest appearances by rappers Missy Elliott, Jermaine Dupri, Ludacris, Trina, and Mia X, and Monica's younger brother Montez", "title": "All Eyez on Me (song)" }, { "id": "19232821", "text": "Demetrius Shipp Jr. Demetrius Shipp Jr. (born November 20, 1988) is an American actor. He portrayed rapper and actor Tupac Shakur in the 2017 biopic \"All Eyez on Me\". Shipp was cast in the role of Tupac in 2011, after a friend suggested he audition given his strong resemblance to the legendary hip-hop artist. Shipp remarked in an interview that he \"never aspired to act.\" Principal photography did not begin until 2015, and the film was released in June 2017. Shipp's father worked with Tupac Shakur on the 1996 album \"\" on the song \"Toss It Up\". Shipp worked at", "title": "Demetrius Shipp Jr." }, { "id": "9493726", "text": "distinguished by MPAA rating (one is certified adult material). The video portrays a wild sex party with jacuzzi, mechanical bull riding, cage dancing and pole stripping. All actors and actresses are dressed in renaissance-age costumes, though all clothes are removed for the nude clip. The adult-material video also features numerous porn stars, including Nina Hartley, Heather Hunter, and Angel Kelly. The limousine segment seen in the clean version is the same except no nudity. The third one is the concert version, mostly them performing on stage. There are cameo appearances by K-Ci & JoJo, and fellow group member of Digital", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "12569179", "text": "over $8 million worldwide. In June 2011, the film was released Straight-to-DVD in North America to negative reviews from critics though Graham's performance and dancing was praised. That same year Graham starred in another Dance film this time a Kung Fu Dance Action film called \"Dance Fu\" in which Graham appeared as the female lead. In 2017, she played actress Jada Pinkett Smith in the Tupac biopic \"All Eyez On Me\". In 2002, she wrote a song titled \"Derailed\", which was featured in the Jean-Claude Van Damme film of the same title. In 2006, Graham pursued a career as a", "title": "Kat Graham" }, { "id": "19232822", "text": "Target and Dish Network prior to his acting career. Demetrius Shipp Jr. Demetrius Shipp Jr. (born November 20, 1988) is an American actor. He portrayed rapper and actor Tupac Shakur in the 2017 biopic \"All Eyez on Me\". Shipp was cast in the role of Tupac in 2011, after a friend suggested he audition given his strong resemblance to the legendary hip-hop artist. Shipp remarked in an interview that he \"never aspired to act.\" Principal photography did not begin until 2015, and the film was released in June 2017. Shipp's father worked with Tupac Shakur on the 1996 album \"\"", "title": "Demetrius Shipp Jr." }, { "id": "19232815", "text": "for a worldwide total of $55.5 million, against a production budget of $40 million. In North America, \"All Eyez on Me\" was released on June 16, 2017, alongside \"Rough Night\", \"47 Meters Down\" and \"Cars 3\", and was projected to gross $17–20 million from 2,471 theatres in its opening weekend. It took in $12.8 million on Friday (including $3.1 million from Thursday night previews), increasing weekend estimates to $31 million. It ended up debuting to $26.4 million, finishing 3rd at the box office, behind \"Cars 3\" ($53.7 million) and \"Wonder Woman\" ($41.3 million). Deadline Hollywood attributed the film's success to", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "9471097", "text": "All Eyez on Me (song) \"All Eyez on Me\" is a song by American recording artist Monica. It was written in collaboration with Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins and LaShawn Daniels for her original third studio album, \"All Eyez on Me\", released in 2002. Produced by Jerkins, it incorporates excerpts of Michael Jackson's 1983 hit \"P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing),\" penned by Quincy Jones and James Ingram. Picked as the album's leading single and Monica's first release on Clive Davis' then newly founded J Records label, \"All Eyez on Me\" was released in June 2002 to US radios. Its impact on the charts,", "title": "All Eyez on Me (song)" }, { "id": "9493720", "text": "changed to \"All Eyez on Me\" during the recording process. Shakur explained to MTV's Bill Bellamy in December 1995 saying: \"All Eyez on Me\" was originally intended for a Christmas 1995 release but was pushed back as Shakur continued to record music and shoot music videos for the album. The album features guest spots from 2Pac's regulars, such as former-Thug Life members and The Outlawz, as well as Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Tha Dogg Pound, Nate Dogg, and George Clinton, Rappin' 4-Tay, The Click, Method Man, and Redman among others. The song \"Heartz of Men\" samples a portion of Richard", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "19232814", "text": "would have been Shakur's 45th birthday, a teaser trailer for the film was released, and a second trailer premiered on September 13, 2016, the 20th anniversary of Shakur's death. The film's release date was set as June 16, 2017. On February 10, 2017, a third teaser trailer was released, confirming Summit, Morgan Creek, Program Pictures, and Codeblack Films as producers and distributors. On April 6, 2017, a fourth trailer was released. No official soundtrack album was released to accompany the film. \"All Eyez on Me\" grossed $44.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $10.7 million in other territories,", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "9471105", "text": "39 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart as well as inside the lower halves of the national top 100 charts in Germany and Switzerland. The track would eventually become Monica's latest-charting single in years as no further single has been released or charted there ever since. All Eyez on Me (song) \"All Eyez on Me\" is a song by American recording artist Monica. It was written in collaboration with Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins and LaShawn Daniels for her original third studio album, \"All Eyez on Me\", released in 2002. Produced by Jerkins, it incorporates excerpts of Michael Jackson's 1983 hit \"P.Y.T.", "title": "All Eyez on Me (song)" }, { "id": "19232809", "text": "was set as executive producer, with production initially scheduled to begin that summer. On September 19, 2013, Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films came on board to co-finance and co-produce the $45 million-budgeted film, along with Morgan Creek. On February 12, 2014, John Singleton signed on to rewrite, direct and produce the film, and on April 16, 2014, Open Road Films acquired the United States distribution rights. Ed Gonzalez, Jeremy Haft, and Singleton wrote the then-latest draft of the script. On April 7, 2015, it was revealed that Singleton had exited the film due to major creative differences, while Carl Franklin was being eyed", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "19232817", "text": "17%, based on 81 reviews, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Despite Demetrius Shipp Jr.'s fine lead performance, \"All Eyez on Me\" is mostly a surface-skimming, by-the-numbers biopic of a larger-than-life icon.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score of 38 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews.\" Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A–\" on an A+ to F scale, and PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 82% overall positive score. Glenn Kenny of \"The New York Times\"", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "4365120", "text": "Benny Boom Benny Douglas, (born July 22, 1971), professionally known as Benny Boom, is an American director of film and music videos. He is best known for directing the comedy film \"Next Day Air\" (2009) and \"All Eyez on Me\" (2017), a biopic of late rapper Tupac Shakur, for Morgan Creek Productions. Shortly after finishing studies at Temple University, Douglas entered the music industry in 2000 directing music videos for platinum-selling artists such as Nicki Minaj, Sean “P. Diddy” Combs, Keyshia Cole, Akon and 50 Cent. For his efforts, Douglas was awarded B.E.T.’s \"Video Director of the Year\" in 2009", "title": "Benny Boom" }, { "id": "4365123", "text": "Kelly Rowland Keyshia Cole Benny Boom Benny Douglas, (born July 22, 1971), professionally known as Benny Boom, is an American director of film and music videos. He is best known for directing the comedy film \"Next Day Air\" (2009) and \"All Eyez on Me\" (2017), a biopic of late rapper Tupac Shakur, for Morgan Creek Productions. Shortly after finishing studies at Temple University, Douglas entered the music industry in 2000 directing music videos for platinum-selling artists such as Nicki Minaj, Sean “P. Diddy” Combs, Keyshia Cole, Akon and 50 Cent. For his efforts, Douglas was awarded B.E.T.’s \"Video Director of", "title": "Benny Boom" }, { "id": "9493723", "text": "\"California Love\" featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman was released, December 28, 1995. This is perhaps 2Pac's best-known song and his most successful, reaching number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for eight weeks (as a double A-side single with \"How Do U Want It\") and 12 weeks at number one in New Zealand. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award as a Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (with Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman) in 1997. A remix version also produced by Dr. Dre appeared on the album. The song has", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "9493727", "text": "Underground Shock G both in the concert and studio segments. \"I Ain't Mad at Cha\" featuring singer Danny Boy, was released shortly after Shakur's death as the final single from the album, on September 15, 1996. For the video the song was re-recorded with a live band. The new track was recorded at Can-Am Studios by Conley Abrams. The video was shot weeks before Shakur's death. \"All Eyez on Me\" received widespread acclaim. \"Spin\" magazine gave it 7 out of 10 and said: \"As long as you don't expect philanthropy from Tupac, you'll find honesty and some pleasurably twisted scenarios.\"", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "423078", "text": "inspired by Shakur to return to school and that Shakur was like a \"father figure\" to some. Demetrius Shipp Jr. played Shakur in the biopic \"All Eyez on Me\", which started filming in Atlanta in December 2015. Music video director Benny Boom helmed \"All Eyez on Me\", which had been hamstrung by production problems. With distribution from Morgan Creek Productions, the film had been in development since 2013, with producers Randall Emmett and George Furla having sued Morgan Creek for $10 million, claiming breach-of-contract after the production company allegedly picked a lead, and set a budget and a production schedule", "title": "Tupac Shakur" }, { "id": "19018190", "text": "originally set to direct before director George Tillman, Jr. signed on to direct the project. The film was distributed by Fox Searchlight Pictures. Producers on \"Notorious\" include Sean Combs, Voletta Wallace and Biggie's former managers Wayne Barrow and Mark Pitts. In early October 2007, open casting calls for the role of The Notorious B.I.G. began. Actors, rappers and members of the public all participated. Rapper Beanie Sigel auditioned for the role but was not picked. Eventually it was announced that rapper Jamal Woolard was cast as Biggie (he would also play Biggie in the Tupac biopic \"All Eyez on Me\").", "title": "Notorious (2009 film)" }, { "id": "9493725", "text": "Scarface where Tony speaks to his alleged killer before shooting him. The song peaked at number 46 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart. The third single, \"How Do U Want It\" featuring R&B duo K-Ci & JoJo, was released, June 4, 1996. It was a Double A-side single to \"California Love\" in America. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. There were three videos filmed for the song: two in the same set for the single in April 1996. The video was directed by Ron Hightower and produced by Tracy D. Robinson. These two are", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "8113466", "text": "released. However, this never happened in real life, as Dr. Dre left Death Row Records before the actual song itself was recorded. It was played in the 2015 boxing film \"Creed\", as the entrance music to Adonis Creed (Michael B. Jordan), Apollo Creed's son, during his final match within the film. It was played in the 2Pac's Biopic, \"All Eyez on Me\", (2017) with 2Pac performing the song at The House Of Blues in July 1996. However, this scene has never happened in real life. In 2001, rapper Ja Rule remade 2Pac's song \"Pain\" from the \"Above the Rim\" sessions,", "title": "Hail Mary (2Pac song)" }, { "id": "9471103", "text": "Arnold. \"All Eyez on Me\" was partially choreographed by Devyne Stephens. The video world premiered at the end of BET's \"Access Granted\" on July 26, 2002. First released stateside, \"All Eyez on Me\" debuted at number-one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart in the week of June 29, 2002. A week later the song entered Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks as the \"Hot Shot Debut\" of the week, debuting at number 67. However, it took until mid-August 2002 the single was released to mainstream audiences, and it could enter the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart as another \"Hot", "title": "All Eyez on Me (song)" }, { "id": "14299282", "text": "had a recurring roles on \"Person of Interest\" and \"Empire\". In 2017, Ilonzeh had her first major film role, playing Kidada Jones in the biographical drama \"All Eyez on Me\", about hip-hop artist Tupac Shakur. Later that year, appeared in the psychological thriller \"'Til Death Do Us Part\". In 2018, Ilonzeh appeared in the action thriller \"Peppermint\", and was cast in a lead role on the ABC drama pilot \"Staties\", which has yet to air as of October 2018. Annie Ilonzeh Annette Ngozi Ilonzeh is an American actress. From 2010 to 2011, she played Maya Ward on the ABC daytime", "title": "Annie Ilonzeh" }, { "id": "19232804", "text": "Under manager Leila Steinberg, he begins to have hip-hop albums produced. Although his music becomes popular, some songs' controversial lyrics cause tensions between him and his record producers. Tupac begins acting in movies such as \"Juice\", as well as collaborating with performers including Biggie Smalls. He generates both praise and controversy. Tupac finds himself beaten by police officers over jaywalking. Another time, after he and E.D.I. Mean, a member of 2Pac's group called, \"Outlaws\" intervene when two white off-duty officers men assault a black man, Tupac is arrested for shooting at the cops. Tupac develops a contentious relationship with drug", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "19232816", "text": "the release corresponding with Tupac's birthday, as well as to audience interest in the subject matter, following the success of rap biopic \"Straight Outta Compton\" in 2015; 47% of the opening weekend audience was black, 25% Hispanic, and 19% white. Despite its opening weekend success, the film declined 78% to $5.8 million in its second weekend, the 16th largest such decline in history. In its third weekend, the film, which had dropped down to 1,258 theatres, declined another 68.6% to $1.8 million, finishing 11th at the box office. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "14299279", "text": "Annie Ilonzeh Annette Ngozi Ilonzeh is an American actress. From 2010 to 2011, she played Maya Ward on the ABC daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\", and later starred as Kate Prince in the short-lived ABC reboot of \"Charlie's Angels\". She later had a recurring roles on shows such as \"Arrow\", \"Drop Dead Diva\" and \"Empire\". In 2017, Ilonzeh played Kidada Jones in the biographical drama film \"All Eyez on Me\", and starred in the thriller \"'Til Death Do Us Part\". Ilonzeh was born in Grapevine, Texas. Her father is a Nigerian of Igbo descent, and her mother is white. In", "title": "Annie Ilonzeh" }, { "id": "12705721", "text": "a signed client. On June 7, 2016, Woolard was arrested in Snellville, Georgia on charges of battery. In 2016, he starred in the movie \"\" as Marquese. Woolard reprised his role as The Notorious B.I.G. in \"All Eyez on Me\", a biopic about Tupac Shakur, which was released in June 2017. Jamal Woolard Jamal \"Gravy\" Woolard (born July 8, 1975) is an American actor, rapper, and comedian. He is best known for portraying musician The Notorious B.I.G. in the film \"Notorious\", and, as a supporting character, in the Tupac Shakur biopic \"All Eyez On Me\". Woolard, like Christopher Wallace, is", "title": "Jamal Woolard" }, { "id": "19232818", "text": "gave the film a negative review, saying: \"Almost all the dialogue is that flat-footed. It’s a stark contrast to the almost always vivid power of Shakur’s own words, which could be profoundly empathetic and pettily profane.\" Owen Gleiberman of \"Variety\" wrote: \"Comprehensive but sketchy, richly atmospheric but often under-dramatized, it is not, in the end, a very good movie (there are a few scenes, like Tupac’s initial meeting with Ted Field of Interscope Records, that are embarrassingly bad). Yet it’s highly worth seeing because in its volatility and hunger, and the desperation of its violence, it captures something about the", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "6746982", "text": "Up In Smoke Tour. The performance included a sample of the 2Pac verse. On April 15, 2012, the song was played at the Coachella Festival with Snoop Dogg performing with a hologram of 2Pac. The song featured in the first episode of the TV series \"Gang Related\". The song was played on 2Pac's Biopic, All Eyez On Me,\" (2017) with 2Pac and Snoop in the studio recording the song. 2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted \"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted\" is a West Coast hip hop song written by 2Pac, Snoop Doggy Dogg and Daz Dillinger for 2Pac's 1996 double album", "title": "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" }, { "id": "19232805", "text": "dealer and music partner Nigel. In 1993, Tupac goes on trial for rape and harassment charges. On November 30, 1994, he is attacked by three men in the lobby of Quad Recording Studios, is shot five times before the men flee, and is hospitalized. The following day, Tupac is found not guilty of rape, but found guilty of illegal touching, and sentenced to eighteen months in prison. While in prison, Tupac hears Biggie's song \"Who Shot Ya?\", and interprets it as a diss track bragging about Biggie's alleged involvement in his shooting. Tupac, who is assaulted by two guards while", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "9636056", "text": "Greenidge the alias E.D.I. Mean after former Ugandan president Idi Amin. On February 13, 1996, Tupac's double LP, \"All Eyez on Me\", was released. E.D.I. Mean appeared on \"Tradin' War Stories,\" \"When We Ride,\" and \"Thug Passion.\" On June 4, 1996, Tupac's \"How Do U Want It\" single was released. Its b-side, \"Hit 'Em Up\", featured E.D.I. Mean, Fatal and Kadafi. It is considered the most aggressive diss song in history, dissing Bad Boy Entertainment, Chino XL, Junior M.A.F.I.A. and Mobb Deep. On September 7, 1996, Tupac was shot four times in a drive-by-shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada. He was", "title": "E.D.I. Mean" }, { "id": "4365121", "text": "and 2013. While building a catalog of over 200 music videos, Douglas also helmed commercial spots for Jeep, Honda, Gatorade, Sears and others. In 2009, Douglas made his feature film debut with the comedy, \"Next Day Air\", starring Mike Epps, Omari Hardwick and Mos Def. His second film, the action drama \"\" was released in 2011. His third film, \"All Eyez on Me\", a biopic about rapper and actor Tupac Shakur, was released in June 2017. Douglas made his television directorial debut in 2013, with an episode of \"90210\" (Season 5) for the CW Network, followed by the entire Season", "title": "Benny Boom" }, { "id": "423018", "text": "on the Hot Rap Singles charts. \"All Eyez on Me\" was the fourth studio album by 2Pac, recorded in October 1995 and released on February 13, 1996, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records. The album is frequently recognized as one of the crowning achievements of 1990s rap music. Steve Huey of AllMusic stated that \"despite some undeniable filler, it is easily the best production 2Pac's ever had on record\". It was certified 5× platinum after just two months in April 1996 and 9× platinum in 1998. The album featured the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one singles \"How Do U", "title": "Tupac Shakur" }, { "id": "9012423", "text": "Mann\" featuring Miguel Núñez, Vivica A. Fox, Kevin Polk and Tommy Davidson. His productions appear on rapper 2Pac's album, \"Pac's Life\", and he did production for BTNHResurrection and Thug World Order for the rap group, Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. He worked with Ashanti on her fourth studio album \"The Declaration\" which was released in early 2008. He co-owns an indie record label \"The Program\" with former NBA player Elton Brand. With Morgan Creek Productions, Hutton co-produced the Tupac Shakur biopic \"All Eyez on Me\". The film was released in North American theaters on June 16, 2017, on what would have been Shakur's", "title": "L.T. Hutton" }, { "id": "7609218", "text": "before the release of the film, \"The Perfect Match\". In September 2016, Codeblack announced that it was partnering with Queen Latifah's Flavor Unit Entertainment to co-produce and co-finance several films including \"The Love Playbook: Rules for Love, Sex, and Happiness\" based on the book by La La Anthony. In April 2017, the first trailer was released for \"All Eyez on Me\", a biopic about rapper Tupac Shakur distributed by Codeblack which would be released in June on what would have been his 46th birthday. The movie was featured as the closing film at the 2017 American Black Film Festival. Codeblack", "title": "Codeblack Films" }, { "id": "9493717", "text": "All Eyez on Me All Eyez on Me is the fourth studio album by American rapper 2Pac (and the last to be released during his lifetime), released on February 13, 1996 by Death Row and Interscope Records. The album features the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one singles \"How Do U Want It\" and \"California Love\". It featured five singles in all, the most of any of Shakur's albums. Moreover, \"All Eyez on Me\" made history as the first double-full-length hip-hop solo studio album released for mass consumption globally. \"All Eyez on Me\" was the second album by 2Pac to chart at", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "19232803", "text": "a documentary filmmaker arrives to interview Tupac Shakur. In flashback to 1971, Tupac's mother, Afeni Shakur and other Black Panther Party members are released from prison following acquittal. From an early age, Tupac, instilled with black pride, witnesses multiple injustices in his neighborhood. His stepfather, Mutulu, a revolutionary, is caught by the FBI for an armored-truck robbery and murder. As Tupac gets older, he distances himself from his mother's revolutionary ideals. He attends the Baltimore School for the Arts, where he becomes friends with Jada Pinkett. Tupac's music career begins when he joins Digital Underground for their hit \"Same Song\".", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "7407739", "text": "chose \"Dear Mama\" in particular. It is a song that spoke not just to me, but every mother that has been in that situation, and there have been millions of us. Tupac recognized our struggle, and he is still our hero.\" The song was played in the Tupac biopic, \"All Eyez On Me\", with Tupac's mother, Afeni Shakur, exiting Clinton Correctional Facility, after visiting 2Pac, who was serving 18 months to 4.5 years for sexual abuse. The song has impacted numerous rappers. Eminem stated that the song played constantly in his car in the year following its release. \" 'Dear", "title": "Dear Mama" }, { "id": "13093149", "text": "the film \"Brotherly Love\" alongside Keke Palmer and Eric D. Hill Jr. In 2017, he played Jacques Agnant in the Tupac Shakur biopic titled \"All Eyez on Me\", alongside Demetrius Shipp Jr., Danai Gurira and Money-B. After dating for six years, Hardrict and actress Tia Mowry were engaged on Christmas Day 2006. They married on April 20, 2008 in Santa Barbara, California. In 2011, Mowry's first pregnancy was chronicled on the reality TV show \"Tia & Tamera\" starring her and her twin sister on the Style Network. Hardrict and Mowry have a son born in 2011 and a daughter born", "title": "Cory Hardrict" }, { "id": "16733739", "text": "to ride horses for the series, which she enjoyed because it was a physical challenge. In 2013, Gurira played a lead role in director Andrew Dosunmu's independent drama film \"Mother of George\", which premiered at 2013 Sundance Film Festival. Gurira received critical acclaim for her performance as a Nigerian woman struggling to live in the United States. In June 2013, Gurira won the Jean-Claude Gahd Dam award at the 2013 Guys Choice Awards. Gurira played rapper Tupac Shakur's mother, Afeni Shakur, in \"All Eyez on Me\" (2017), a biopic about the rap star. She then starred in Marvel's film \"Black", "title": "Danai Gurira" }, { "id": "8036101", "text": "Darris Love Darris Love (born April 26, 1980) is an American actor, most notable for his role as Raymond 'Ray' Alvarado in Nickelodeon's \"The Secret World of Alex Mack\". Since the show's ending in 1998, he has made appearances in episodes of numerous American television shows, including \"Angel\", \"ER\", \"\", \"Without a Trace\", and \"Undressed\", \"It's Not Fair\" by singer Glenn Lewis, Janet Jackson's music video All For You (song) \"Someone to Call My Lover\" and in the Monica music video \"All Eyez On Me\". His other credits include the films \"Gang Tapes\" (2001), \"Sucker Free City\" (2004), and \"Janky", "title": "Darris Love" }, { "id": "18878479", "text": "All Eyes on You \"All Eyes on You\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Meek Mill, released as the first single from his second studio album \"Dreams Worth More Than Money\", on June 26, 2015. The song features Trinidadian rapper, recording artist Nicki Minaj with additional vocals from American recording artist Chris Brown. It was produced by Danny Morris, Alex Delicata, and co-produced by The Monarch, Kevin Cossom and DJ Khaled. \"All Eyes on You\" entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 81 for the chart dated July 11, 2015. Its chart debut was aided in part", "title": "All Eyes on You" }, { "id": "12705719", "text": "Jamal Woolard Jamal \"Gravy\" Woolard (born July 8, 1975) is an American actor, rapper, and comedian. He is best known for portraying musician The Notorious B.I.G. in the film \"Notorious\", and, as a supporting character, in the Tupac Shakur biopic \"All Eyez On Me\". Woolard, like Christopher Wallace, is from Brooklyn, specifically L.G., Lafayette Gardens. In real life he raps under the name \"Gravy\". He is featured in the song \"Untouchable\" by Tupac Shakur on the \"Pac's Life\" album. He had to add over 50 pounds to his already large frame to play The Notorious B.I.G. in the film \"Notorious\".", "title": "Jamal Woolard" }, { "id": "9493732", "text": "It has charted on Billboard 200 for 105 weeks in total. \"All Eyez on Me\" is 2Pac's best selling album. It was re-released in 2001 as enhanced CDs containing the \"California Love\" music video. Both discs contained the same data track. It was also re-released as a Dual-Disc in 2005. Credits for \"All Eyez on Me\" adapted from AllMusic and CD booklet. All Eyez on Me All Eyez on Me is the fourth studio album by American rapper 2Pac (and the last to be released during his lifetime), released on February 13, 1996 by Death Row and Interscope Records. The", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "9493721", "text": "Pryor's comedy album \"That Nigger's Crazy\". Most of the album was produced by Johnny \"J\" and Daz Dillinger, with help from Dr. Dre on the songs \"California Love\", which he himself appeared in also as an album guest spot, and \"Can't C Me\", which was Clinton's appearance. DJ Quik also produced, mixed and made an appearance on the album, but had to use his real name on the credits because his contract with Profile Records prevented him from using his stage name. The songs on \"All Eyez on Me\" are, in general, unapologetic celebrations of living the \"Thug Lifestyle\". Though", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "19232807", "text": "boxing match at the MGM Grand Las Vegas. They confront the gang member who had jumped a friend, and Tupac knocks him to the ground, leading to a brawl. Tupac stops by his hotel to change clothes, and tells Kidada he will return in an hour. With Suge in his car, Tupac is at the intersection of Flamingo Road and Koval Lane when a Cadillac pulls alongside Tupac's BMW and shoots Tupac multiple times before fleeing the scene. Onscreen text states that Tupac died six days later at age 25. His murder remains unsolved. On February 10, 2011, it was", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "7467707", "text": "How Do U Want It \"How Do U Want It\" is a song performed by Tupac Shakur. The third single from his album \"All Eyez on Me\", it features R&B duo K-Ci & JoJo, who at the time were best known as the lead singers of Jodeci. The song was released on June 4, 1996. It was a Double A-side single to \"California Love\" in the United States, and the song reached #1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #17 in the UK in 1996. It samples Quincy Jones's \"Body Heat\" from his 1974 album, \"Body Heat\". The song", "title": "How Do U Want It" }, { "id": "2579149", "text": "Apple, taunting their East Coast rivals. In the October that followed, towards the end of the same year, Tupac Shakur had been bailed out of jail by Death Row's Suge Knight in exchange for releasing his following four albums on Death Row Records. In 1996, Tha Dogg Pound were featured on 2Pac's widely acclaimed Death Row Records debut album \"All Eyez on Me\" with Kurupt featured in \"Got My Mind Made Up\" and \"Check Out Time\" and Daz Dillinger producing the hit songs \"2 Of Amerikaz Most Wanted\", \"Ambitionz Az A Ridah\", and \"I Ain't Mad At Cha\" among other", "title": "Tha Dogg Pound" }, { "id": "9471104", "text": "Shot Debut\" at number 70. It eventually peaked at number 69 a week later, thus making it Monica's lowest-charting leading single to date as well as her least-successful, video-accompanied single release since 1999's \"Street Symphony.\" Although the track suffered from low sales, \"All Eyez on Me\" was slightly more successful on \"Billboard\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s component charts: It reached number 19 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart and the top 40 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, and Top 40 Mainstream charts. Outside the United States, \"All Eyez on Me\" charted at number 29 in New Zealand and number", "title": "All Eyez on Me (song)" }, { "id": "18878481", "text": "took place in late June 2015. The video was released on July 27, 2015. It was directed by Benny Boom. All Eyes on You \"All Eyes on You\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Meek Mill, released as the first single from his second studio album \"Dreams Worth More Than Money\", on June 26, 2015. The song features Trinidadian rapper, recording artist Nicki Minaj with additional vocals from American recording artist Chris Brown. It was produced by Danny Morris, Alex Delicata, and co-produced by The Monarch, Kevin Cossom and DJ Khaled. \"All Eyes on You\" entered the", "title": "All Eyes on You" }, { "id": "12549652", "text": "Playa Cardz Right \"Playa Cardz Right\" is a song by American R&B recording artist Keyshia Cole. The song features late rapper 2Pac and was originally included on his sixth posthumously released album \"Pac's Life\" (2006), with most of his vocals initially recorded for his fifth studio album \"All Eyez on Me\" (1996). Cole's reworked version, produced by Ron Fair and Carvin & Ivan for Karma Productions, was released as the lead single from her third album \"A Different Me\" (2008). The music video premiered on BET's Access Granted on October 30, 2008. The song was originally produced by Johnny J", "title": "Playa Cardz Right" }, { "id": "19232810", "text": "to direct instead. On October 28, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Emmett/Furla/Oasis had sued Morgan Creek over $10 million for breaking the companies' co-production agreement, signed in September 2013. In the agreement, terms included not raising the production budget above $30 million, mutual approval for the lead actor's selection, a filming schedule, and agreements on distribution and sales. Randall Emmett and George Furla also stated that they had all first signed a distribution deal with Open Road, which Morgan Creek rejected, and that Morgan Creek had inked a new deal with Open Road without mutual approval. On November 30,", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "9493730", "text": "make his creative fires burn even hotter—he raps here with a passion and skill matched in gangsta rap only by Snoop Doggy Dogg and the Notorious B.I.G. And with such producers as DJ Pooh, DJ Quik, Dr. Dre and Johnny J laying down the tracks, he finally has a musical team worthy of his talent.\" \"It's like a Cali thug-life version of Pink Floyd's \"The Wall\" – pure gangsta ego run amok over two CDs,\" complained \"Rolling Stone\". \"At that length, the album's all-hard-all-the-time tone approaches caricature.\" Nonetheless, the album was included in the magazine's essential recordings of the 1990s.", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "7467710", "text": "appearances by K-Ci & JoJo, and fellow group member of Digital Underground Shock G both in the concert and studio segments. Hot 100 number-one hits of 1996 (USA) How Do U Want It \"How Do U Want It\" is a song performed by Tupac Shakur. The third single from his album \"All Eyez on Me\", it features R&B duo K-Ci & JoJo, who at the time were best known as the lead singers of Jodeci. The song was released on June 4, 1996. It was a Double A-side single to \"California Love\" in the United States, and the song reached", "title": "How Do U Want It" }, { "id": "9471100", "text": "summer,\" stylistically comparing it with Michael Jackson's 1983 hit single \"P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)\", which the song partially samples. \"The same way that 'P.Y.T.' was, I was hoping 'All Eyez on Me' would be - more relaxing and you could have a good time. It's not based on anything emotional or anything sad.\" Jackson hand-delivered the original masters of the song for the production. The song's title also is a nod to Tupac Shakur, whose same titled song from 1996 was \"somewhat of an inspiration\", Monica explained. \"I always liked the idea of 'all eyes on me,' even from his", "title": "All Eyez on Me (song)" }, { "id": "19882606", "text": "All Eyes On Me (song) \"All Eyes On Me\" is a song by South African rapper and record producer AKA featuring Burna Boy, Da L.E.S and JR, released as the fifth single from his second studio album Levels. The song is produced by award winning producer Tweezy. On 30 November 2016, \"All Eyes On Me\" was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry of South Africa. \"All Eyes On Me\" contains a sample of \"Ngiyakusaba\" as performed and written by Brenda Fassie. The music video was released on AKA's Vevo account on December 10, 2014 and has over 2 million views", "title": "All Eyes On Me (song)" }, { "id": "5798258", "text": "Bay Area rapper Too Short, and serves as a diss track towards Too Short. The album peaked at #54 on the Billboard 200, and was critically praised, receiving a 4/5 star rating from Allmusic. That same year, Dru Down began his acting career, appearing in the movie \"Original Gangstas\" as Kayo. He also appeared on the 2Pac song \"\"All About You\"\" from 2Pac's fourth studio album All Eyez on Me, where he performs the intro. In 2001, he signed with Ruthless Records, but did not release any albums, instead releasing his fourth and fifth studio albums through American Recordings and", "title": "Dru Down" }, { "id": "19882607", "text": "on.The video features guest appearance of Cashtimelife YouTube. On July 30, 2015, the official Dancehall/Afrobeat infused remix of \"All Eyes On Me\" was released, featuring Burna Boy, Stonebwoy, and Redsan. All Eyes On Me (song) \"All Eyes On Me\" is a song by South African rapper and record producer AKA featuring Burna Boy, Da L.E.S and JR, released as the fifth single from his second studio album Levels. The song is produced by award winning producer Tweezy. On 30 November 2016, \"All Eyes On Me\" was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry of South Africa. \"All Eyes On Me\" contains", "title": "All Eyes On Me (song)" }, { "id": "19232806", "text": "in prison, eventually is released and signs to Death Row Records under Suge Knight. Tupac and label-mate Dr. Dre work on the hit song \"California Love\". He releases the track \"Hit Em Up\" as a response to \"Who Shot Ya?\" in which Tupac brags about supposedly having an affair with Biggie's wife Faith Evans. Tupac parts ways with Death Row to launch his own company. Later, Suge offers Tupac a chance to become partners, and Tupac agrees to head Death Row's East Coast operations. On September 7, 1996, Tupac, Suge, and others are leaving the Mike Tyson vs. Bruce Seldon", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "8289802", "text": "total. This song just flowed out of everyone that was a part of it. No one thought twice no one doubted anything. It was full speed ahead until it was done--as if it was guided or meant to be. Ever since recording like that, without thinking twice like that, I have changed the way I look at making music. The song samples Prince - Do Me, Baby. 2Pac was a big Prince fan. The song is played in 2Pac's Biopic, \"All Eyez On Me,\" (2017) with 2Pac and Kidada Jones, Tupac's fiancee chilling and having fun with 2Pac & Outlaws.", "title": "To Live & Die in L.A. (song)" }, { "id": "9493731", "text": "\"All Eyez on Me\" debuted at number-one on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. It was the second album from 2Pac to do so, selling 566,000 copies in the first week. \"All Eyez on Me\" has shipped 10 million copies in the United States as of July 23, 2014, and has been certified Diamond by the RIAA, which makes it one of the best-selling albums in the US. In the UK, BPI certified the album Silver (300,000 copies sold) on January 1, 1997, followed by Gold on July 22, 2013, and Platinum on November 14, 2014.", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "4242659", "text": "his stage DJ/music conductor on a 2-month extensive Definitive Jux label U.S. and Canada tour. On January 20, 2009, Shock G's single \"Cherry Flava'd Email\" was renamed and released as a special edition called \"Cherry Flava'd Election\" to commemorate the inauguration of President Barack Obama. Shock G has worked, and finished a voice over for his character in the 2017 Tupac Shakur biopic \"All Eyez on Me\". year, \"title\", artist, (description) Shock G Gregory Jacobs, known professionally as Shock G (and his alter ego Humpty Hump), is an American musician, rapper, and lead vocalist for the hip hop group Digital", "title": "Shock G" }, { "id": "9493718", "text": "number one on both the \"Billboard\" 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, selling 566,000 copies in the first week. The album won the 1997 Soul Train R&B/Soul or Rap Album of the Year Award posthumously. Shakur also won the Award for Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist at the 24th Annual American Music Awards. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA on July 23, 2014, eighteen years after Shakur's death, with shipments of over 5 million copies (each disc in the double album counted as a separate unit for certification). Tupac Shakur died exactly seven months after the release of this", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "9312901", "text": "Derek R. Hill Derek Hill is an American production designer. Hill has numerous feature films and Emmy nominated television series to his credit and collaborated with other such acclaimed Directors as Antoine Fuqua, Kevin Costner, Oliver Stone, Sean Penn, Gore Verbinski, Joe and Anthony Russo, Kevin Reynolds, Bruce Beresford and Jason Bateman to name a few. He has also been honored with several Emmy nominations for his designs on television and recognition for his feature films such as \"Ozark\", \"The Gifted\", \"All Eyez on Me\", \"The Magnificent Seven\", \"Southpaw\", \"Surviving Compton\", \"Cleveland Abduction\", \"The Forger\", \"Olympus Has Fallen\", \"Hatfields &", "title": "Derek R. Hill" }, { "id": "11986187", "text": "Direction. Deyo's pen and vocal skills went into Ginuwine's fourth album entitled \"The Senior\" with the songs \"Chedda Brings\" a co-write with longtime collaborator Antonio McClendon and \"Big Plans\" which featured Method Man. Deyo's vocal backgrounds can be heard on each of these records and is credited on the album. mrDEYO also lent his hand and vocal production to Monica's only #1 album \"After the Storm\", which was the long-awaited rerelease of \"All Eyez on Me\". The song \"Go To Bed Mad\" was a duet featuring label mate Tyrese (selected by Apple's Larry Jackson and RCA CEO Peter Edge). Deyo", "title": "Andre Deyo" }, { "id": "12770249", "text": "Way\". The beat for \"Better Off\" would later be recycled for 2Pac's \"Picture Me Rollin'\" in his 1996 album \"All Eyez On Me\". \"I Gotta Be Me\" is now out of print and hard to find. After 2Pac's release in late 1995, the two began collaborating for 2Pac's Death Row Records debut \"All Eyez On Me\". The double album was released early next year, and Johnny J produced the chart topping hits \"All Bout U\", \"How Do U Want It\" and \"Life Goes On\". He also produced \"Thug Passion\", \"Shorty Wanna Be A Thug\", \"Wonda Why They Call U Bitch\",", "title": "Johnny \"J\"" }, { "id": "10027226", "text": "also has the lead role in the 2016 supernatural-horror \"The Boy\". In 2016 she also had a cameo as Martha Wayne in \"\" and in 2017 she played Leila Steinberg in the biographical drama \"All Eyez on Me.\" In 2018 she starred in the action thriller film \"Mile 22\" directed by Peter Berg. In 2007, Cohan gained her first major supporting role – partially also described as a season lead, when she was cast for season three of \"Supernatural\" as Bela Talbot, a thief who procures valuable supernatural objects and sells them to very rich, very powerful people in the", "title": "Lauren Cohan" }, { "id": "9471099", "text": "good' flavor to it [...] So when you go out and have a good time, if you get dressed up in the right thing, all eyes will be on you — it doesn't matter if it's Monica or whoever else.\"—Monica Arnold, \"MTV News\" \"All Eyez on Me\" was one of the first songs Monica, Rodney Jerkins, and his Darkchild crew worked on in the Patchwerk recording studios in Atlanta, Georgia, and is one out of nine songs the singer wrote or co-wrote for the album. Monica has described the track as a \"party record\" and \"a feel-good song for the", "title": "All Eyez on Me (song)" }, { "id": "7439869", "text": "percussion is sampled from The Honey Drippers' 1973 track \"Impeach the President.\" In the 2009 book \"How to Rap\", Shock G recalled that 2Pac wrote the lyrics to the beat after hearing it for a while (rather than with no beat), and that 2Pac also ghostwrote Shock G's verse. Brian McKnight sampled the song on \"Hold Me\" on his 1997 \"Anytime\" album Nicole Wray sampled the song on her single, \"I Like It\". Part of the video was shown in the Tupac biopic, \"All Eyez On Me,\" released June 16th 2017. \"I Get Around\" peaked at number 11 on the", "title": "I Get Around (Tupac Shakur song)" }, { "id": "13775164", "text": "\"Nixon\" (1995) and including \"Ali\" (2001) and \"Copying Beethoven\" (2006). He was a writer and executive producer on \"Pawn Sacrifice\" (2014) and \"Miles Ahead\" (2015), and wrote and directed the PBS film \"Virtuosity\" (2014). Wilkinson worked on the screenplays for \"Mercury\", a biopic about Queen lead singer Freddie Mercury, the long-planned \"All Eyez on Me\", about rapper Tupac Shakur, and \"Birth of the Dragon\", inspired by the real-life no-rules fight between Bruce Lee and Chinese kung fu master Wong Jack Man. Wilkinson resides in Los Angeles, California, with his son. He was formerly married to cartoonist Cathy Guisewite (creator of", "title": "Christopher Wilkinson" }, { "id": "14513491", "text": "Leila Steinberg Leila Steinberg (born December 18, 1961) is an American manager, business woman, educator, writer, poet, and founder of AIM4TheHeART, a 501(c)(3) non-profit dedicated to helping at-risk youth find their voice using an emotional literacy curriculum and writing workshops. She is best known as the artist mentor and first manager for superstar rapper Tupac Shakur. They met when he was a student in her writing workshop, The Microphone Sessions, in the Oakland Bay area. Today Leila manages the rapper Earl Sweatshirt, formerly of Odd Future. In the 2017 Tupac biopic \"All Eyez On Me\", Leila was played by actress", "title": "Leila Steinberg" }, { "id": "9493729", "text": "the sober self-recognition of \"Me Against the World\". Sure, there are a few reflective numbers and dead-homiez tributes, but they're much more romanticized this time around\".\"Despite some undeniable filler, it is easily the best production 2Pac's ever had on record\". In the \"Los Angeles Times\", Cheo Hodari Coker praised the album: \"\"All Eyez on Me\", a 27-song, 133-minute gangster's paradise, finds the rapper even more venomous than he was before his 11-month incarceration for sexual abuse. He displays no remorse for his tough life, and even less feeling for his enemies. The only thing jail time did for 2Pac was", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "12770242", "text": "Johnny \"J\" Johnny Lee Jackson (August 28, 1969 – October 3, 2008), professionally known as Johnny \"J\", was a Mexican American multi-platinum songwriter, music producer and rapper best known for his early career with Death Row Records and for his work with 2Pac for \"Me Against the World\", \"All Eyez on Me\" as well as his posthumous albums. He was born in Juárez, Mexico, in 1969 and raised in South Central Los Angeles. Johnny \"J\" was co-owner and CEO of Klock Work Entertainment. Johnny \"J\" was raised on 103rd and Budlong in South Central, Los Angeles, by his adoptive parents.", "title": "Johnny \"J\"" }, { "id": "9471098", "text": "however, was moderate in comparison with previous releases as it reached the top 20 in Belgium and the top 40 in Australia and New Zealand but completely failed to enter the higher half of the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The lukewarm response to the track and its follow-up \"Too Hood\" eventually resulted in the reconstruction of the same-titled album, which received a Japan-wide release only and was subsequently retooled into a new version, branded \"After the Storm\" (2003). \"The world has had plenty of tragedy to deal with recently so I wanted to do something that had a 'feel", "title": "All Eyez on Me (song)" }, { "id": "12569172", "text": "Kat Graham Katerina Alexandre Hartford \"Kat\" Graham (born September 5, 1989) is a Swiss-born American actress, singer, dancer and model. She is best known for her role as Bonnie Bennett on The CW supernatural drama series \"The Vampire Diaries\". Her film credits include \"The Parent Trap\" (1998), \"17 Again\" (2009), \"The Roommate\" (2011), \"Honey 2\" (2011), \"Addicted\" (2014), and \"All Eyez on Me\" (2017). In music, Graham was previously signed to A&M/Octone and Interscope Records, and has released two extended plays and two studio albums. Graham was born in Geneva, Switzerland and raised in Los Angeles, California. Her father, Joseph,", "title": "Kat Graham" }, { "id": "9493984", "text": "Too Hood \"Too Hood\" is a song by American recording artist Monica. It was written by Monica along with Bryan Michael Cox, Harold Lilly, and Jermaine Dupri for the singer's original third studio album \"All Eyez on Me\" (2002), featuring production by the latter and additional production by Cox. The song was released as a promotional single only in the United States during the third quarter of 2002. It reached minor success with a peak position of number 11 on the official US Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles. In September 2002, the single following the mediocre chart success of the album's", "title": "Too Hood" }, { "id": "1680728", "text": "featured on his debut album \"Ready to Die\". He was also featured on Spice 1's album \"AmeriKKKa's Nightmare\" on the track \"Hard 2 Kill\". In 1995, he was also featured on \"Got the Flava\" off Showbiz and A.G.'s album \"Goodfellas\". In 1996, Method Man appeared on Tupac Shakur's album \"All Eyez on Me\", on the song \"Got My Mind Made Up\" alongside his rhyme partner Redman, the Dogg Pound (Daz and Kurupt) and Inspectah Deck, whose verse did not make the released album version (although his nickname \"Rebel INS\" can be heard as the song fades). He was also featured", "title": "Method Man" }, { "id": "1468867", "text": "'G' Thang\" peaking at Number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Other Death Row releases such as Snoop Doggy Dogg's \"Doggystyle\" (1993) and 2Pac's \"All Eyez on Me\" (1996) became huge sellers and were also critically acclaimed. The popularity of hip hop was undoubtedly assisted by the ensuing feud between Death Row Records and the East Coast's Bad Boy Records, fronted by Puff Daddy and The Notorious B.I.G. The East-West feud gained particular traction when Shakur was shot on November 30, 1994 outside Quad Recording Studios in New York, coincidentally where Biggie Smalls and Puff Daddy had been recording that", "title": "West Coast hip hop" }, { "id": "6494181", "text": "successful chart performances of previous singles \"All Eyez on Me\" and \"Too Hood\", J Records released the song on April 8, 2003, as the lead single from \"After the Storm\" in the United States. The song was lauded by critics, who praised its vintage touches and sparse hip hop influences. \"So Gone\" became Monica's biggest commercial success in years, reaching number 10 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the top of both the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and Hot Dance Club Play charts, becoming her first chart topper since 1998's \"The First Night\". The song's music video, directed", "title": "So Gone" }, { "id": "5038601", "text": "the song after reading a story in the newspaper of a 12-year-old girl getting pregnant by her cousin and trying to dispose of the baby in a trash can. Parts of the video were included in \"\", a 2003 documentary on 2Pac's life, in a television show later in the music video of \"Ghetto Gospel\", in the music video of \"Changes\" and appears as a bonus in its entirety on the film's DVD. Part of the video and song was played in 2Pac's biopic film, \"All Eyez on Me\", released on June 16, 2017. The video was directed by the", "title": "Brenda's Got a Baby" }, { "id": "9493986", "text": "Hood.\" Too Hood \"Too Hood\" is a song by American recording artist Monica. It was written by Monica along with Bryan Michael Cox, Harold Lilly, and Jermaine Dupri for the singer's original third studio album \"All Eyez on Me\" (2002), featuring production by the latter and additional production by Cox. The song was released as a promotional single only in the United States during the third quarter of 2002. It reached minor success with a peak position of number 11 on the official US Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles. In September 2002, the single following the mediocre chart success of the", "title": "Too Hood" }, { "id": "19232819", "text": "space in which Tupac Shakur lived: a place that wanted to be all about pride and power, but was really about flying over the abyss.\" On her Twitter account, Jada Pinkett Smith stated that the film contained inaccuracies about her relationship with Tupac, and why he left for Los Angeles. Smith specified that Tupac never read the poem he read to her character in the film, and that she had no knowledge that it even existed until it was published in his book. She also stated that she never attended one of Tupac's shows at his request, and that there", "title": "All Eyez on Me (film)" }, { "id": "1002107", "text": "\"Space Ghost Coast to Coast\". Clinton also appeared as the voice of The Funktipus, the DJ of the Funk radio station Bounce FM in the 2004 video game, \"\", in which his song \"Loopzilla\" also appeared. Rapper Dr. Dre sampled most of Clinton's beats to create his G-Funk music era. In 1999, Clinton collaborated with Lil' Kim, Fred Durst, and Mix Master Mike for Methods of Mayhem's single \"Get Naked\". Displaying his influence on rap and hip hop, Clinton also worked with Tupac Shakur on the song \"Can't C Me\" from the album \"All Eyez on Me\"; Ice Cube on", "title": "George Clinton (musician)" }, { "id": "6494180", "text": "So Gone \"So Gone\" is a song by American R&B recording artist Monica. It was one out of several tracks rapper-producer Missy Elliott wrote and produced along with Kenneth Cunningham and Jamahl Rye from production duo Spike & Jamahl for Monica's fourth studio album, \"After the Storm\" (2003), following the delay and subsequent reconstruction of her 2002 album, \"All Eyez on Me\". Incorporating elements of hip hop and 1970s-style smooth jazz as well as soul music, it features a sample from the 1976 song \"You Are Number One\", penned by Zyah Ahmonuel and performed by The Whispers. Following the less", "title": "So Gone" }, { "id": "5310841", "text": "Storch, Teddy Bishop, B. Cox, and musical guests Slim Thug, Mike Jones, Paul Wall, and Bun B. \"All Eyes on Me\" was originally chosen as Luckett's debut single, but \"Torn\" was ultimately selected instead. The ballad (produced by Teddy Bishop) was released March 2006 and became an R&B hit. The song climbed the \"Billboard\" charts, peaking at number two on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. Although \"Torn\" was still receiving airplay, her second single, \"She Don't\" was released to radio, and the video premiered on BET's \"Access Granted\" in July 2006, featuring Luckett's ex-boyfriend, Slim Thug. The single received moderate success,", "title": "LeToya Luckett" }, { "id": "6494428", "text": "while mastering was overseen by Tom Coyne. Elliott also provided additional vocals. The song is one out of three Elliott-produced records on \"After the Storm\", commissioned by J Records head and executive producer Clive Davis after the release of Elliott's acclaimed studio album \"Under Construction\" (2002) and the delay of Monica's original third studio album \"All Eyez on Me\" the year before. It was conceived during a studio session week in Miami in early 2003, and was produced as a sequel to \"So Gone,\" another Elliott track. In an interview with \"MTV News\" at the 2003 BET Awards, Monica stated", "title": "Knock Knock (Monica song)" }, { "id": "6642191", "text": "on BET's Access Granted. It charted well on several video-chart countdowns, including BET's \"106 & Park\" and MTV's \"TRL\". Credits for \"After the Storm\" adapted from the album's liner notes. U Should've Known Better \"U Should've Known Better\" is a song by American recording artist Monica. It was written in collaboration with Harold Lilly and Jermaine Dupri, and produced by the latter along with frequent co-producer Bryan Michael Cox for her original third studio album, \"All Eyez on Me\" (2002). When the album was shelved for release outside Japan, the song was one out of five original records that were", "title": "U Should've Known Better" }, { "id": "12770246", "text": "\"Death Around the Corner,\" which would appear on Me Against the World. The partnership was derailed, though, when Tupac was sent to prison in February 1995. After his release that October, the pair reunited at Can-Am Studios in L.A.. Tupac felt very secure with him in the studio. 2Pac and Johnny J recorded more than a hundred songs together—11 of them, including \"How Do U Want It\" and \"All About U\", ended up on \"All Eyez on Me\"; the rest composed the bulk of 2Pac’s posthumous work. Throughout producer Johnny J's career, he had sold over 100 million albums. He", "title": "Johnny \"J\"" }, { "id": "7763109", "text": "From Where??? From Where??? is the debut album by underground Hip Hop artist Mad Skillz, now known as Skillz. The album was praised for its strong lyrical content and production, however, suffered from low sales, possibly due to being released the same day as 2Pac's \"All Eyez On Me\" and The Fugees's \"The Score\". Producers for the album included Jay Dee, The Beatnuts, Buckwild, Large Professor, and DJ Clark Kent. The singles \"The Nod Factor\" and \"Move Ya Body\" received moderate radio and video airplay. It's Goin' Down The Nod Factor VA in the House Tongues of the Next Shit", "title": "From Where???" }, { "id": "9493728", "text": "The record ranked No. 3 on \"Entertainment Weekly\"s list of Top 10 albums of 1996. AllMusic stated, \"Maybe it was his time in prison, or maybe it was simply his signing with Suge Knight's Death Row label. Whatever the case, 2Pac re-emerged hardened and hungry with \"All Eyez on Me\", the first double-disc album of original material in hip-hop history. With all the controversy surrounding him, 2Pac seemingly wanted to throw down a monumental epic whose sheer scope would make it an achievement of itself. But more than that, it's also an unabashed embrace of the gangsta lifestyle, backing off", "title": "All Eyez on Me" }, { "id": "6494433", "text": "2003. It charted well on several video-chart countdowns, including peak positions of number 3 on BET's \"106 & Park\". There are two versions of the video, both featuring the same premise but with certain different scenes. CD single Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"After the Storm\". Knock Knock (Monica song) \"Knock Knock\" is a song by American recording artist Monica, taken from her fourth studio album \"After the Storm\" (2003). It was written and produced by rapper-producer Missy Elliott and commissioned following the delay and subsequent reconstruction of Monica's 2002 album, \"All Eyez on Me\". One out of", "title": "Knock Knock (Monica song)" }, { "id": "12770250", "text": "\"Run tha Streetz\", \"All Eyez on Me\", \"What'z Ya Phone #\" and \"Picture Me Rollin'\" The album is one of the most influential albums in hip hop history, and according to the RIAA, nine million copies of the album were sold in the United States alone by June 18, 1998. According to 2pacworld.com, Johnny J. \"co-wrote and helped produce 11 songs on All Eyez on Me and was never paid the $100,000 advance or the per song royalties of 3% he was supposed to receive.\" This financial dispute has led some to believe Death Row was somehow responsible for his", "title": "Johnny \"J\"" }, { "id": "12569185", "text": "December 12, 2014. Kat Graham Katerina Alexandre Hartford \"Kat\" Graham (born September 5, 1989) is a Swiss-born American actress, singer, dancer and model. She is best known for her role as Bonnie Bennett on The CW supernatural drama series \"The Vampire Diaries\". Her film credits include \"The Parent Trap\" (1998), \"17 Again\" (2009), \"The Roommate\" (2011), \"Honey 2\" (2011), \"Addicted\" (2014), and \"All Eyez on Me\" (2017). In music, Graham was previously signed to A&M/Octone and Interscope Records, and has released two extended plays and two studio albums. Graham was born in Geneva, Switzerland and raised in Los Angeles, California.", "title": "Kat Graham" } ]

[ "the CCP" ]

[ { "id": "654541", "text": "of the Communist Party grew considerably. Their main force grew to 1.2 million troops, backed with additional militia of 2 million, totalling 3.2 million troops. Their \"Liberated Zone\" in 1945 contained 19 base areas, including one-quarter of the country's territory and one-third of its population; this included many important towns and cities. Moreover, the Soviet Union turned over all of its captured Japanese weapons and a substantial amount of their own supplies to the Communists, who received Northeastern China from the Soviets as well. In March 1946, despite repeated requests from Chiang, the Soviet Red Army under the command of", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "7666513", "text": "many others ended up in Siberian prisons for up to 20 years, and some made their way to the Japanese home islands, where they were also treated as foreigners. Manchuria was \"cleansed\" by Soviet forces of any potential military resistance. With Soviet support for the spread of communism, Manchuria provided the main base of operations for Mao Zedong's forces, who proved victorious in the following four years of the Chinese Civil War. These military successes in Manchuria and China by the Communist Chinese led to the Soviet Union giving up their rights to bases in China — promised by the", "title": "Soviet–Japanese War" }, { "id": "4794629", "text": "Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War The Allied intervention was a multi-national military expedition launched during the Russian Civil War in 1918. The stated goals were to help the Czechoslovak Legion, to secure supplies of munitions and armaments in Russian ports, and to re-establish the Eastern Front. After the Bolshevik government withdrew from World War I, the Allied Powers militarily backed the anti-communist White forces in Russia. Allied efforts were hampered by divided objectives, war-weariness from the overall global conflict, and a lack of domestic support. These factors, together with the evacuation of the Czechoslovak Legion, compelled the Allied", "title": "Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "4356695", "text": "leader of the Soviet invasion of Poland. Despite Stalin's isolationist policies, and even though the Soviet Union's borders would remain static for fifteen years following Lenin's death, the Soviets continued to involve themselves in international affairs, and the Comintern was instrumental in establishing the Communist parties of China in 1921 and Indochina in 1930. Additionally, the Red Army played a crucial role in the Spanish Civil War, supplying over 1,000 aircraft, 900 tanks, 1,500 artillery pieces, 300 armored cars, hundreds of thousands of small arms and 30,000 tons of ammunition to the Republican cause. Soviet participation in the Spanish Civil", "title": "Military history of the Soviet Union" }, { "id": "7392742", "text": "over by a communist group called the Bolsheviks, through October Revolution. This caused a civil war in Russia between the Bolshevik Red Army and the anti-communist White forces. China's Beiyang government sided with the Whites, and along with most of the colonial powers, sent troops to fight against the Reds. In 1922 the Reds won the civil war and established a new country: the Soviet Union, or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). From 1923 onward the USSR provided aid and support to the Kuomintang, a Chinese faction opposed to the Beiyang government. In alliance with the small Communist Party", "title": "History of Sino-Russian relations" }, { "id": "2786407", "text": "resulted in many Japanese casualties. The Soviet Union won these two battles and a peace agreement was signed. However, the regional unrest endured. After the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in August 1945, the Soviet Union invaded from Soviet Outer Manchuria as part of its declaration of war against Japan. From 1945 to 1948, Inner Manchuria was a base area for the Chinese People's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War. With the encouragement of the Soviet Union, Manchuria was used as a staging ground during the Chinese Civil War for the Communist Party of China, which emerged victorious in 1949.", "title": "History of Manchuria" }, { "id": "654510", "text": "a series of movements. Sun's efforts to obtain aid from the Western countries were ignored, thus he turned to the Soviet Union in 1921. For political expediency, the Soviet leadership initiated a dual policy of support for both Sun and the newly established Communist Party of China, which would eventually found the People's Republic of China. Thus the struggle for power in China began between the KMT and the CPC. In 1923, a joint statement by Sun and Soviet representative Adolph Joffe in Shanghai pledged Soviet assistance to China's unification. The Sun-Joffe Manifesto was a declaration of cooperation among the", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "16543594", "text": "Soviet Union in the Korean War Though not officially belligerent during the Korean War (1950–1953), the Soviet Union played a significant, covert role in the conflict. It provided material and medical services, as well as Soviet pilots and aircraft, most notably MiG 15 fighter jets, to aid the North Korean-Chinese forces against the United Nations Forces. The Soviet 25th Army took part in the Soviet advance into northern Korea immediately after World War II had ended, and was headquartered at Pyongyang for a period. Like the American forces in the south, Soviet troops remained in Korea after the end of", "title": "Soviet Union in the Korean War" }, { "id": "654539", "text": "territory. KMT troops were then airlifted by the US to occupy key cities in North China, while the countryside was already dominated by the CPC. On 15 November 1945, an offensive began with the intent of preventing the CPC from strengthening its already strong base. The Soviets spent the extra time systematically dismantling the extensive Manchurian industrial base (worth up to $2 billion) and shipping it back to their war-ravaged country. Yang Kuisong, a Chinese historian, said that in 1945–46, during the Soviet Red Army Manchurian campaign, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin commanded Marshal Rodion Malinovsky to give Mao Zedong most", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "7392774", "text": "joined the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. They sent forces numbering 2,300 in Siberia and North Russia beginning in 1918, after the Chinese community in the area requested it. Mongolia and Tuva became contested territories. After being occupied by the Chinese General Xu Shuzheng in 1919, and then by the Russian White Guard General turned independent warlord, Ungern von Sternberg in 1920, Soviet troops with support of Mongolian guerrillas led by Damdin Sükhbaatar, defeated the White warlord and established a new pro-Soviet Mongolian client state, which by 1924 became the Mongolian People's Republic. In 1921, the Soviet Union", "title": "History of Sino-Russian relations" }, { "id": "3394169", "text": "by the Japanese for being too independent. The last Qing dynasty emperor, Puyi, was then placed on the throne to lead a Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. After the atomic bombing of Japan in 1945, the Soviet Union invaded the region as part of its declaration of war against Japan. From 1945 to 1948, Northeast China was a base area for the Communist People's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War. With the encouragement of the Soviet Union, the area was used as a staging ground during the Civil War for the Chinese Communists, who were victorious in 1949 and", "title": "Northeast China" }, { "id": "8628943", "text": "leader Chiang Kai-shek abruptly dismissed his Soviet advisers and imposed restrictions on CCP participation in the government. By 1927, after the conclusion of the Northern Expedition, Chiang purged the CCP from the KMT-CCP alliance, resulting in the Chinese Civil War which would last until 1949, a few months after the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, led by Mao Zedong. During the war the Soviets gave some support to the CCP, which in 1934 suffered a crushing blow when the KMT brought an end to the Chinese Soviet Republic, thus causing the CCP's Long March from Shaanxi. The Soviet", "title": "Sino-Soviet relations" }, { "id": "654536", "text": "dictated by the United States, Japanese troops were ordered to surrender to KMT troops and not to the CPC, which was present in some of the occupied areas. In Manchuria, however, where the KMT had no forces, the Japanese surrendered to the Soviet Union. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Japanese troops to remain at their post to receive the Kuomintang and not surrender their arms to the Communists. The first post-war peace negotiation was attended by both Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong in Chongqing from 28 August 1945 and concluded on 10 October 1945 with the signing of Double Tenth Agreement.", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "8628941", "text": "Sino-Soviet relations Sino-Soviet relations (; , \"Sovetsko-kitayskiye otnosheniya\") refers to the diplomatic relationship between the Chinese Republic and the various forms of Soviet Power which emerged from the Russian Revolution of 1917 to 1991, when the Soviet Union ceased to exist. The Beiyang government in north China joined the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, sending forces to Siberia and North Russia beginning in 1918. Mongolia and Tuva became contested territories. After being occupied by the Chinese General Xu Shuzheng in 1919, they came under the sway of the Russian White Guard General turned independent warlord, Ungern von Sternberg", "title": "Sino-Soviet relations" }, { "id": "366131", "text": "Soviets engaged non-Russian peoples in Central Asia, like Magaza Masanchi, commander of the Dungan Cavalry Regiment, to fight against the Basmachis. The Communist Party did not completely dismantle this group until 1934. Gen. Anatoly Pepelyayev continued armed resistance in the Ayano-Maysky District until June 1923. The regions of Kamchatka and Northern Sakhalin remained under Japanese occupation until their treaty with the Soviet Union in 1925, when their forces were finally withdrawn. The results of the civil war were momentous. Soviet demographer Boris Urlanis estimated the total number of men killed in action in the Civil War and Polish–Soviet War as", "title": "Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "91303", "text": "providing training and funding to promote Communist elements abroad, leading to the establishment of the Cominform in 1947. In 1949, the Communists emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War, causing an extreme shift in the global balance of forces and greatly escalating tensions between the Communists and the western powers, fueling the Cold War. In Europe, Yugoslavia, under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito, acquired the territory of Trieste, causing conflict both with the western powers and with the Stalin administration who opposed such a provocative move. Furthermore, the Yugoslav Communists actively supported the Greek Communists during their civil war,", "title": "Communist Party of the Soviet Union" }, { "id": "8628947", "text": "and on the week of the American Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Soviet Union launched the invasion of Manchuria, a massive military operation mobilizing 1.5 million soldiers against one million Kwantung Army troops, the last remaining Japanese military presence. Soviet forces won a decisive victory while the Kwantung suffered massive casualties, with 700,000 having surrendered. The Soviet Union distributed some of the weapons of the captured Kwantung Army to the CCP, who were still battling the KMT in the Chinese Civil War. While the Republic of China was concentrating on the Second Sino-Japanese War, the USSR supported Uyghur", "title": "Sino-Soviet relations" }, { "id": "579838", "text": "in 1945, the Soviet Union invaded from Soviet Outer Manchuria as part of its declaration of war against Japan. Soon afterwards, the Communist Party of China and Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) started fighting for control over Manchuria. The communists won in the Liaoshen Campaign and took complete control over Manchuria. With the encouragement of the Soviet Union, Manchuria was then used as a staging ground during the Chinese Civil War for the Communist Party of China, which emerged victorious in 1949. Ambiguities in the treaties that ceded Outer Manchuria to Russia led to dispute over the political status of several", "title": "Manchuria" }, { "id": "8781149", "text": "and all Japanese settlers were forced to leave China. The Soviet Union dismantled the industrial base in Manchuria built up by the Japanese in the preceding years. Manchuria also became a base for the Communist Chinese forces because of the Soviet presence. After the war, the Kuomintang (KMT) party (led by generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek) and the Communist Chinese forces resumed their civil war, which had been temporarily suspended when they fought together against Japan. The fight against the Japanese occupiers had strengthened popular support among the Chinese for the Communist guerrilla forces while it weakened the KMT, who depleted their", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "id": "7666793", "text": "was sent to the frontier, the largest Red Army combat force fielded between the Russian Civil War (1917-1922) and the Soviet Union’s entry into the Second World War. In 1929, the Chinese Northeastern Army took over the Chinese Eastern Railway to regain solo control of the railway. The Soviet Union quickly responded with a military intervention, eventually forcing the Chinese to return the railway to the previous format of joint administration. On 25 July 1919, the Soviet government’s Assistant Commissar of Foreign Affairs, Lev Karakhan, had issued a manifesto to the Chinese government promising the return of the Chinese Eastern", "title": "Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)" }, { "id": "9984524", "text": "Soviet Volunteer Group The Soviet Volunteer Group was the volunteer part of the Soviet Air Forces sent to support the Republic of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War between 1937 and 1941. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was signed and strong Soviet support was given to China by the Soviet Union, including the volunteer squadrons. China paid for the support in the form of raw materials. In the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent worldwide economic crisis, the Empire of Japan pursued an expansionist policy against its weakened neighbors in", "title": "Soviet Volunteer Group" }, { "id": "16543610", "text": "certainly influenced by the Korean War shaped relations between the two countries until 1989. Soviet Union in the Korean War Though not officially belligerent during the Korean War (1950–1953), the Soviet Union played a significant, covert role in the conflict. It provided material and medical services, as well as Soviet pilots and aircraft, most notably MiG 15 fighter jets, to aid the North Korean-Chinese forces against the United Nations Forces. The Soviet 25th Army took part in the Soviet advance into northern Korea immediately after World War II had ended, and was headquartered at Pyongyang for a period. Like the", "title": "Soviet Union in the Korean War" }, { "id": "7392775", "text": "began supporting the Kuomintang, and in 1923, the Comintern instructed the Communist Party of China to sign a military treaty with the KMT. But in 1926, KMT leader, Chiang Kai-shek abruptly dismissed his Soviet advisers, and imposed restrictions on CCP participation in the government. By 1927, when the Northern Expedition was nearly concluded, Chiang purged the CCP from the KMT-CCP alliance, resulting in the Chinese Civil War which was to last until 1950, a few months after the People's Republic of China, led by Mao Zedong, was proclaimed. During the war, some Soviet support was given to the CPC, who", "title": "History of Sino-Russian relations" }, { "id": "8781150", "text": "strength fighting a conventional war. Full-scale war between the opposing forces broke out in June 1946. Despite U.S. support to the Kuomintang, Communist forces were ultimately victorious and established the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the mainland. The KMT forces retreated to the island of Taiwan in 1949. Hostilities had largely ceased in 1950. With the Communist victory in the civil war, the Soviet Union gave up its claim to military bases in China that it had been promised by the Western Allies during World War II. The defeat of the US-backed KMT led to a debate in the", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "id": "11204275", "text": "Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance. Under this agreement, China gave the Soviet Union certain rights, such as the continued use of a naval base at Luda, Liaoning Province, in return for military support, weapons, and large amounts of economic and technological assistance, including technical advisers and machinery. China acceded, at least initially, to Soviet leadership of the world communist movement and took the Soviet Union as the model for development. China's participation in the Korean War (1950–53) seemed to strengthen Sino-Soviet relations, especially after the UN-sponsored trade embargo against China. The Sino-Soviet alliance appeared to unite Moscow and", "title": "History of foreign relations of the People's Republic of China" }, { "id": "346621", "text": "Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of \"Soviet Army\", until its dissolution in December 1991. The Red Army is credited as being the decisive land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria contributed heavily to the ultimate unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan. During operations on the Eastern Front, it accounted for 75–80% of casualties the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS suffered during the war and ultimately captured the Nazi", "title": "Red Army" }, { "id": "4794655", "text": "Government decided on 21 January to withdraw the force, and the last troops left for Persia on 5 April. The Allied Powers withdrew in 1920. The Japanese stayed in the Maritime Provinces of the Russian Far East until 1922 and in northern Sakhalin until 1925, when the Red Army's military success forced Japan's withdrawal from Russia. Historical assessment of the intervention has been universally negative. Frederick L. Schuman wrote that the consequences of the expedition \"were to poison East-West relations forever after, to contribute significantly to the origins of World War II and the later 'Cold War,' and to fix", "title": "Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "9984538", "text": "renovated in 2008. Soviet Volunteer Group The Soviet Volunteer Group was the volunteer part of the Soviet Air Forces sent to support the Republic of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War between 1937 and 1941. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was signed and strong Soviet support was given to China by the Soviet Union, including the volunteer squadrons. China paid for the support in the form of raw materials. In the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent worldwide economic crisis, the Empire of Japan pursued an expansionist policy against its", "title": "Soviet Volunteer Group" }, { "id": "654511", "text": "Comintern, KMT and CPC. Comintern agent Mikhail Borodin arrived in China in 1923 to aid in the reorganization and consolidation of the KMT along the lines of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CPC joined the KMT to form the First United Front. In 1923, Sun sent Chiang Kai-shek, one of his lieutenants from his Tongmenghui days, for several months of military and political study in the Soviet capital Moscow. By 1924, Chiang became the head of the Whampoa Military Academy, and rose to prominence as Sun's successor as head of the KMT. The Soviets provided the academy", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "654559", "text": "aid. After the Burmese government appealed to the United Nations in 1953, the US began pressuring the ROC to withdraw its loyalists. By the end of 1954 nearly 6,000 soldiers had left Burma and General Li declared his army disbanded. However, thousands remained, and the ROC continued to supply and command them, even secretly supplying reinforcements at times to maintain a base close to China. After the ROC complained to the United Nations against the Soviet Union for violating the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance to support the CPC, the UN General Assembly Resolution 505 was adopted on 1", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "6272018", "text": "the territorial dispute over the Kurils, which are known as the \"Northern Territories\" in Japan. The poor relations between the Soviet Union and Japan from the 1920s until the late 1940s originated in Japan's victory over imperial Russia, the predecessor state of the Soviet Union, in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. During the Russian Civil War (1918–21), Japan (as a member of the Allied interventionist forces) occupied Vladivostok from 1918 until 1922, using as many as 70,000 troops. Japan formally recognized the Soviet Union in January 1925 with the Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention. They agreed that the 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth", "title": "Japan–Soviet Union relations" }, { "id": "10253032", "text": "The Cheka utilized them for the arrest and execution of anti-Soviet soldiers. The Beiyang government in north China joined the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. They sent forces numbering 2,300 in Siberia and North Russia beginning in 1918, after the Chinese community in the area requested aid. Many of these soldiers later defected to the Red Army. Ren Fuchen (任辅臣) (1884–1918) from Tieling was the first Bolshevik in North Liaoning and a commander of the Chinese regiment of the Soviet Red Army. He is commemorated as a revolutionary hero in the People's Republic of China. There is a", "title": "Chinese in the Russian Revolution and in the Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "212283", "text": "and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936. When the Spanish Civil War broke out in July 1936, the Soviets sent 648 aircraft and 407 tanks to the left-wing Republican faction; these were accompanied by 3000 Soviet troops and 42,000 members of the International Brigades set up by the Communist International. Stalin took a strong personal involvement in the Spanish situation. Germany and Italy backed the Nationalist faction, which was ultimately victorious in March 1939. With the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in July 1937, the Soviet Union and China signed a non-aggression pact the following August. Stalin aided", "title": "Joseph Stalin" }, { "id": "281712", "text": "War were the Soviet and Yugoslav, Bulgarian and Albanian military interventions to the Greek Civil War (1944–1949), in behalf of the Greek Communists; and the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949) by the Soviet Union. In continental Asia, the event that precipitated the Cold War was the resumption of the Chinese Civil War (1930–34; 1945–1950) fought between the anti-communist Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party; after the military defeat of the Kuomintang, and expelling General Chiang Kai-shek to the island of Taiwan, Mao Zedong proclaimed and established the People's Republic of China (1 October 1949). In Eastern Asia, the Cold War produced the", "title": "Marxism–Leninism" }, { "id": "7309184", "text": "with the United States and its allies in the event of war. One of the first actual conflicts of the Cold War took place in China. Following the withdrawal of Japanese troops after World War II, China was plunged into civil war, pitting Chinese Communists against Nationalists, who opposed Communism. The Soviets supported the Communists while the Americans supported the Nationalists. In 1949, the Communists were victorious, proclaiming the People's Republic of China. However, the Nationalists continued to rule the island of Taiwan off the coast. With American guarantees of protection for Taiwan, China did not make an attempt to", "title": "History of Western civilization" }, { "id": "17642492", "text": "Communists in mainland China. They did so by signing a Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Soviet Union on August 14, 1945, which affirmed Chinese sovereignty over Manchuria in exchange for Chinese recognition of the Soviet-aligned Mongolian People's Republic. The Soviets began withdrawing from Manchuria within three weeks of Japan's surrender -- although they would delay the process several times. The resumption of the Chinese Civil War in early 1946 prompted the Red Army to finish the withdrawal, but not before secretly turning Manchuria over to the Chinese Communists in March in violation of the Agreement. Soviet occupation of", "title": "Soviet occupation of Manchuria" }, { "id": "8628948", "text": "nationalists in their uprise in Xinjiang and set up Second East Turkestan Republic against Kuomintang. After the Chinese Communist Party defeated Kuomintang in 1949, USSR terminated support for the Second East Turkestan Republic. The Soviets tried to spread anti-Chinese propaganda among minorities in Xinjiang, but this backfired when Uyghur mobs attacked White Russians and called for them to be expelled from Xinjiang. Chinese Muslim forces fought against Soviet and Mongol troops in this incident. After 1946, the CCP was increasingly successful in the Civil War. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed by Mao Zedong, and", "title": "Sino-Soviet relations" }, { "id": "454805", "text": "end the Italian invasion. Italy subsequently dropped its objections to Germany's goal of absorbing Austria. When civil war broke out in Spain, Hitler and Mussolini lent military support to the Nationalist rebels, led by General Francisco Franco. The Soviet Union supported the existing government, the Spanish Republic. Over 30,000 foreign volunteers, known as the International Brigades, also fought against the Nationalists. Both Germany and the Soviet Union used this proxy war as an opportunity to test in combat their most advanced weapons and tactics. The Nationalists won the civil war in April 1939; Franco, now dictator, remained officially neutral during", "title": "World War II" }, { "id": "2865293", "text": "China began border talks. In spite of the fact that the Soviet Union had granted all of the territory of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo to Mao's communists in 1945, decisively assisting the communists in the Chinese Civil War, the Chinese now indirectly demanded territorial concessions on the basis that the 19th-century treaties transferring ownership of the sparsely populated Outer Manchuria, concluded by Qing dynasty China and the Russian Empire, were \"unequal\", and amounted to annexation of rightful Chinese territory. Moscow would not accept this interpretation, but by 1964 the two sides did reach a preliminary agreement on the", "title": "Sino-Soviet border conflict" }, { "id": "10253027", "text": "in order to gain rights as workers in a foreign country. Dungans fought alongside Kyrgyz rebels in attacking Przheval'sk during the 1916 Basmachi revolt. A Dungan Muslim and communist Commander Magaza Masanchi of the Dungan Cavalry Regiment fought for the Soviet Union against the Basmachis. He also took part in other actions in central Asia. The Chinese with the Red Army were recruited from factory workers who had been attracted into Russia before the war and sided with the urban proletariat with whom they worked. Separate Chinese units fought for the Bolsheviks in the Ukraine, Trancaucasia and Siberia. One estimate", "title": "Chinese in the Russian Revolution and in the Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "2836075", "text": "dispute. When the Viet Minh hastily sought to establish the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the remaining French acquiesced while waiting for the return of French forces to the region. The Kuomintang supported French restoration, but Viet Minh efforts towards independence were helped by Chinese communists under the Soviet Union's power. The Soviet Union at first indirectly supported Vietnamese communists, but later directly supported Hồ Chí Minh. The Soviets nonetheless remained less supportive than China until after the Sino-Soviet split, during the time of Leonid Brezhnev when the Soviet Union became communist Vietnam's key ally. The war itself involved numerous events", "title": "Sino-Vietnamese War" }, { "id": "7666515", "text": "Far Eastern Soviet Territories. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China the bulk of the Soviet economic assistance went to Manchuria to help rebuilding the region's industry. As agreed at Yalta, the Soviet Union had intervened in the war with Japan within three months of the German surrender, and they were therefore entitled to annex the territories of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands and also to preeminent interests over Port Arthur and Dalian, with its strategic rail connections, via the China Changchun Railway, a company owned jointly by China and the Soviet Union that operated all the", "title": "Soviet–Japanese War" }, { "id": "654519", "text": "Army consisting of mutinous former National Revolutionary Army (NRA) soldiers as well as armed peasants established control over several areas in southern China. KMT forces continued to attempt to suppress the rebellions. Then, in September, Wang Jingwei was forced out of Wuhan. September also saw an unsuccessful armed rural insurrection, known as the Autumn Harvest Uprising, led by Mao Zedong. Borodin then returned to the USSR in October via Mongolia. In November, Chiang Kai-shek went to Shanghai and invited Wang to join him. On December 11, the CPC started the Guangzhou Uprising, establishing a soviet there the next day, but", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "4794641", "text": "was also intensely hostile to communism. The Italians created the special \"\"Corpo di Spedizione\"\" with Alpini troops sent from Italy and ex-POWs of Italian ethnicity from the former Austro-Hungarian army who were recruited to the \"Italian Legione Redenta\". They were initially based in the Italian Concession in Tientsin and numbered about 2,500. Romania, Greece, Poland, China, and Serbia also sent contingents in support of the intervention. Numbers of Allied soldiers who were present in the indicated regions of Russia: Although the Estonian Army had attained control over its country, the opposing 7th and Estonian Red Armies were still active. The", "title": "Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "10707611", "text": "Assembly adopted Resolution 505 on 1 February 1952, which confirmed that the Soviet Union had violated the terms of the treaty by assisting the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War. On 24 February 1953, the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China voted to officially terminate its commitments to the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance as well, thereby rescinding its recognition of the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic. Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance The Treaty of Friendship and Alliance (Traditional Chinese:中蘇友好同盟條約) is a 1945 treaty signed by the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China", "title": "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" }, { "id": "366091", "text": "elites formed an autonomous government in Turkestan, commonly called the \"Kokand autonomy\" (or simply Kokand). The White Russians supported this government body, which lasted several months because of Bolshevik troop isolation from Moscow. In January 1918 the Soviet forces under Lt. Col. Muravyov invaded Ukraine and invested Kiev, where the Central Council of the Ukrainian People's Republic held power. With the help of the Kiev Arsenal Uprising, the Bolsheviks captured the city on 26 January. The Bolsheviks decided to immediately make peace with the German Empire and the Central Powers, as they had promised the Russian people before the Revolution.", "title": "Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "5500595", "text": "supported by the Soviet Union since the 1920s, though the Soviet Union diplomatically recognised the Republic of China, Joseph Stalin supported cooperation between the Nationalists and the Communists—including pressuring the Nationalist Government to grant the Communists state and military positions in the government. This was continued into the 1930s that fell in line with the Soviet Union's subversion policy of popular fronts to increase communists' influence in governments. The Soviet Union urged military and cooperation between Soviet China and Nationalist China during China's war against Japan. Initially Mao Zedong accepted the demands of the Soviet Union and in 1938 had", "title": "Allies of World War II" }, { "id": "366080", "text": "Churchill declared that Bolshevism must be \"strangled in its cradle\". The British and French had supported Russia during World War I on a massive scale with war materials. After the treaty, it looked like much of that material would fall into the hands of the Germans. Under this pretext began the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War with the United Kingdom and France sending troops into Russian ports. There were violent clashes with troops loyal to the Bolsheviks. The German Empire created several short-lived satellite buffer states within its sphere of influence after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: the United", "title": "Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "654568", "text": "groups, such as peasants, and brought them to its corner. Chiang wrote in his diary in June 1948 that the KMT had failed not because of external enemies but because of rot from within. The USSR generally supported Chiang's forces. Stalin distrusted Mao, tried to block him from leadership as late as 1942, and worried that Mao would become an independent rival force in world communism. Strong American support for the Nationalists was hedged with the failure of the Marshall Mission, and then stopped completely mainly because of KMT corruption (such as the notorious Yangtze Development Corporation controlled by H.H.", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "363765", "text": "In March, the Soviets ended involvement in the war for good and signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. A long and bloody Civil War ensued between the Reds and the Whites, starting in 1917 and ending in 1923 with the Reds' victory. It included foreign intervention, the execution of the former tsar and his family, and the famine of 1921, which killed about five million people. In March 1921, during a related conflict with Poland, the Peace of Riga was signed, splitting disputed territories in Belarus and Ukraine between the Republic of Poland and Soviet Russia. Soviet Russia had to resolve", "title": "Soviet Union" }, { "id": "12324185", "text": "The USSR sent 2,000–3,000 military advisers to Spain; while the Soviet commitment of troops was fewer than 500 men at a time, Soviet volunteers often operated Soviet-made tanks and aircraft, particularly at the beginning of the war. The Republic paid for Soviet arms with official Bank of Spain gold reserves, 176 tonnes of which was transferred through France and 510 directly to Russia, which was called Moscow gold. Also, the Soviet Union directed Communist parties around the world to organize and recruit the International Brigades. Another significant Soviet involvement was the activity of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD)", "title": "Spanish Civil War" }, { "id": "366082", "text": "the war was fought across three main fronts: the eastern, the southern and the northwestern. It can also be roughly split into the following periods. The first period lasted from the Revolution until the Armistice. Already on the date of the Revolution, Cossack General Alexey Kaledin refused to recognize it and assumed full governmental authority in the Don region, where the Volunteer Army began amassing support. The signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk also resulted in direct Allied intervention in Russia and the arming of military forces opposed to the Bolshevik government. There were also many German commanders who offered", "title": "Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "17840370", "text": "chief target remained throughout the Chinese Republic. Consequently this regional conflict tipped the balance in the preexisting civil war in favor of the insurgent Communist Party of China under Mao Zedong, despite Japan's continually reiterated state policy of hostility to communism. Paine writes that during the 1920s Soviet Russia had recognized the importance of China, and understood that its interests required political, diplomatic, and military involvement. Accordingly, the Soviets dealt extensively with the Kuomintang (KMT) party which led the Chinese Republic, and with the KMT's Chinese Communists allies, rivals, and eventual enemies. Soviet Russia also contended directly with Japan. Here", "title": "The Wars for Asia 1911–1949" }, { "id": "654560", "text": "February 1952, condemning the Soviet Union. Though viewed as a military liability by the US, the ROC viewed its remaining islands in Fujian as vital for any future campaign to defeat the PRC and retake mainland China. On 3 September 1954, the First Taiwan Strait Crisis began when the PLA started shelling Quemoy and threatened to take the Dachen Islands in Zhejiang. On 20 January 1955, the PLA took nearby Yijiangshan Island, with the entire ROC garrison of 720 troops killed or wounded defending the island. On January 24 of the same year, the United States Congress passed the Formosa", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "17381084", "text": "came between the Nationalists and the Communists in a full-scale civil war. American general George C. Marshall tried to broker a truce but he failed. The Kuomintang (Nationalist) military position steadily worsened and by 1949, the Communists were victorious and drove the Nationalists from the mainland onto the island of Taiwan and other islands. Mao Zedong established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in mainland China, while the Republic of China remains in Taiwan to this day. Joseph Stalin controlled the foreign policy of the Soviet Union, with Vyacheslav Molotov as his foreign minister. Their policy was neutrality until August", "title": "Diplomatic history of World War II" }, { "id": "784678", "text": "Operation Zet, the formation of a secret Soviet volunteer air force, in which Soviet technicians upgraded and ran some of China's transportation systems. Bombers, fighters, supplies and advisors arrived, including Soviet general Vasily Chuikov, future victor in the Battle of Stalingrad. Prior to the Western Allies, the Soviets provided the most foreign aid to China: some $250 million in credits for munitions and other supplies. In April 1941, Soviet aid ended with the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact and the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. This pact enabled the Soviet Union to avoid fighting against Germany and Japan at the same", "title": "Second Sino-Japanese War" }, { "id": "4794650", "text": "towns in the Russian Maritime Provinces and Siberia east of the city of Chita. The Allied Powers lent their support to White Russian elements from the summer of 1918. There were tensions between the two anti-Bolshevik factions; the White Russian government led by Admiral Alexander Kolchak and the Cossacks led by Grigory Semyonov and Ivan Kalmykov which also hampered efforts. All Allied forces were evacuated by 1920, apart from the Japanese who stayed until 1922. In 1917, Dunsterforce, an Allied military mission of under 1,000 Australian, British, and Canadian troops (drawn from the Mesopotamian and Western Fronts), accompanied by armoured", "title": "Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "6326176", "text": "explained the international moves that the Soviet Union undertook during the cold war. In 1979, however, the Soviet Army intervened in a civil war raging in Afghanistan. The Soviet Army came to back a Soviet-friendly communist government threatened by a multinational, mainly afghan, insurgent groups called the mujahideen. The insurgents received military training in neighboring Pakistan, China, and billions of dollars from the United States, Saudi Arabia, and other countries. Technically superior, the Soviets did not have enough troops to establish control over the countryside and to secure the border. This resulted from hesitancy in the Politburo, which allowed only", "title": "Soviet Armed Forces" }, { "id": "2251539", "text": "myth that monolithic Communism was an actor in 1947–50 in the Vietnam War, and in world politics — such Chinese \"Realpolitik\" established the tri-polar geopolitics of the latter part of the Cold War. In taking Communism to China, the leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Mao Zedong, fought against Imperial Japan, and especially the Chinese Civil War (1927–1949), against the Nationalist Kuomintang, led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. Stalin played both sides and Mao ignored most of his advice. During the Second World War (1939–1945), Stalin advised Mao to enter an anti-Japanese-coalition with Chiang Kai-shek. After the war, Stalin", "title": "Sino-Soviet split" }, { "id": "4794631", "text": "the Eastern Front. The Allied Powers had been shipping supplies to Russia since the beginning of the war in 1914 through the ports of Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, and Vladivostok. In 1917, the United States entered the war on the Allied side. US President Woodrow Wilson dropped his reservations about joining the war with the despotic Tsar as an ally, and the United States began providing economic and technical support to Kerensky's government. The war became unpopular with the Russian populace. Political and social unrest increased, with the Marxist anti-war Bolshevik Party under Vladimir Lenin gaining widespread support. Large numbers of common", "title": "Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "3108445", "text": "Manchuria formed part of the far eastern provinces of the Soviet Union and was used as the launch-pad for the Soviet assault on Japanese-occupied Inner Manchuria in 1945. During the Chinese Civil War, Chinese communist forces began the war with large amounts of Inner Manchuria already in their hands; in 1949, the victorious communists established the present-day People's Republic of China. In 2004, Russia agreed to transfer Yinlong Island and half of Heixiazi Island to China, ending a longstanding border dispute between Russia and China. Both islands are found at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers, and were", "title": "Outer Manchuria" }, { "id": "8628945", "text": "Russian allies when the Soviets attempted to seize Xinjiang. The Soviet Union intervened again in Xinjiang in 1937. In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria and created the puppet state of Manchukuo (1932), which signaled the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. In August 1937, a month after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Soviet Union established a non-aggression pact with the Republic of China. The Republic of China received credits for $250 million for the purchase of Soviet weapons. There followed big arms deliveries, including guns, artillery pieces, more than 900 aircraft and 82 tanks. More than 1,500 Soviet military advisers", "title": "Sino-Soviet relations" }, { "id": "7666792", "text": "Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) The Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929 (, ) was an armed conflict between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang of the Republic of China over the Chinese Eastern Railway (also known as CER). The conflict was the first major combat test of the reformed Soviet Red Army – one organized along the latest professional lines – and ended with the mobilization and deployment of 156,000 troops to the Manchurian border. Combining the active-duty strength of the Red Army and border guards with the call-up of the Far East reserves, approximately one-in-five Soviet soldiers", "title": "Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)" }, { "id": "654533", "text": "States and the Soviet Union attempted to prevent a disastrous civil war. After the New Fourth Army incident, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent special envoy Lauchlin Currie to talk with Chiang Kai-shek and KMT party leaders to express their concern regarding the hostility between the two parties, with Currie stating that the only ones to benefit from a civil war would be the Japanese. In 1941 the Soviet Union, with its closer alliance to the CPC, also sent an imperative telegram to Mao warning that the civil war would also make the situation easier for the Japanese military. Due", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "366083", "text": "support against the Bolsheviks, fearing a confrontation with them was impending as well. During this first period the Bolsheviks took control of Central Asia out of the hands of the Provisional Government and White Army, setting up a base for the Communist Party in the Steppe and Turkestan, where nearly two million Russian settlers were located. Most of the fighting in this first period was sporadic, involving only small groups amid a fluid and rapidly shifting strategic situation. Among the antagonists were the Czechoslovak Legion, the Poles of the 4th and 5th Rifle Divisions and the pro-Bolshevik Red Latvian riflemen.", "title": "Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "654540", "text": "Imperial Japanese Army weapons that were captured. Chiang Kai-shek's forces pushed as far as Chinchow (Jinzhou) by 26 November 1945, meeting with little resistance. This was followed by a Communist offensive on the Shantung (Shandong) Peninsula that was largely successful, as all of the peninsula, except what was controlled by the US, fell to the Communists. The truce fell apart in June 1946 when full-scale war between CPC and KMT forces broke out on June 26. China then entered a state of civil war that lasted more than three years. By the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the power", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "654537", "text": "Both sides stressed the importance of a peaceful reconstruction, but the conference did not produce any concrete results. Battles between the two sides continued even as peace negotiations were in progress, until the agreement was reached in January 1946. However, large campaigns and full-scale confrontations between the CPC and Chiang's troops were temporarily avoided. In the last month of World War II in East Asia, Soviet forces launched the huge Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation to attack the Japanese 2 million strong Kwantung Army in Manchuria and along the Chinese-Mongolian border. This operation destroyed the fighting capability of Japan's Kwantung Army", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "654558", "text": "Liaoning. Since mainland China's railroad network was underdeveloped, north-south trade depended heavily on sea lanes. ROC naval activity also caused severe hardship for mainland China fishermen. After losing mainland China, a group of approximately 3,000 KMT Central soldiers retreated to Burma and continued launching guerrilla attacks into south China during the Kuomintang Islamic Insurgency in China (1950–1958) and Campaign at the China–Burma Border. Their leader, Gen. Li Mi, was paid a salary by the ROC government and given the nominal title of Governor of Yunnan. Initially, the US supported these remnants and the Central Intelligence Agency provided them with military", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "366095", "text": "which Lenin viewed as temporary in the light of aspirations for a world revolution. The Soviets acceded to a peace treaty, and the formal agreement, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, was ratified on 6 March. The Soviets viewed the treaty as merely a necessary and expedient means to end the war. Therefore, they ceded large amounts of territory to the German Empire. In Ukraine the German-Austrian Operation Faustschlag had by April 1918 removed the Bolsheviks from Ukraine. The German/Austro-Hungarian victories in Ukraine were due to the apathy of the locals and the inferior fighting skills of Bolsheviks troops compared to their", "title": "Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "62644", "text": "main rivals then sought bases of support in the new national political alignments. In Latin America, the first major confrontation took place in Guatemala in 1954. When the new Castro government of Cuba turned to Soviets support in 1960, Cuba became the center of the anti-American Cold War forces, supported by the Soviet Union. As Japan collapsed in 1945 the civil war resumed in China between the Kuomintang (KMT) led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong. The USSR had signed a Treaty of Friendship with the Kuomintang in 1945 and disavowed support", "title": "Cold War (1947–1953)" }, { "id": "654553", "text": "December 10. By late 1949 the People's Liberation Army was pursuing remnants of KMT forces southwards in southern China, and only Tibet was left. In addition, the Ili Rebellion was a Soviet-backed revolt by the Second East Turkestan Republic against the KMT from 1944–49, as the Mongolians in the People's Republic were in a border dispute with the Republic of China. A Chinese Muslim Hui cavalry regiment, the 14th Tungan Cavalry, was sent by the Chinese government to attack Mongol and Soviet positions along the border during the Pei-ta-shan Incident. The Kuomintang made several last-ditch attempts to use Khampa troops", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "2836077", "text": "recently founded communist People's Republic of China continued the Russian mission to expand communism. Therefore, they aided the Viet Minh and became the connector between Soviets and the Vietminh. In early 1950, The Viet Minh fought independently from the 'Chinese Military Advisory Group' under Wei Guoqing. This was one of the reasons for China to cut the arms support for the Viet Minh. After the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953, relations between the Soviet Union and China began to deteriorate. Mao Zedong believed the new Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev had made a serious error in his Secret Speech", "title": "Sino-Vietnamese War" }, { "id": "654542", "text": "Marshal Malinovsky continued to delay pulling out of Manchuria, while Malinovsky secretly told the CPC forces to move in behind them, which led to full-scale war for the control of the Northeast. These favorable conditions also facilitated many changes inside the Communist leadership: the more radical hard-line faction who wanted full military bloodshed and warfare to take-over China finally gained the upper hand and defeated the careful opportunists. Prior to giving control to Communist leaders, on March 27 Soviet diplomats requested a joint venture of industrial development with the Nationalist Party in Manchuria. Although General Marshall stated that he knew", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "12761654", "text": "Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet The Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet (commonly called the Jiangxi Soviet) was the largest component territory of the Chinese Soviet Republic, an unrecognized state established in November 1931 by Mao Zedong and Zhu De during the Chinese civil war. Geographically, the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet occupied the mountainous parts of Jiangxi and Fujian provinces of China and was home to the town of Ruijin, the county seat and headquarters of the Chinese Soviet government. The Jiangxi-Fujian base area was defended ably by the First Red Front Army but in 1934 was finally overrun by the Kuomintang government's National Revolutionary Army in the Fifth", "title": "Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet" }, { "id": "366130", "text": "but after withdrawal of Japanese soldiers from Transbaikalia, Semenov's position became untenable, and in November 1920 he was driven by the Red Army from Transbaikalia and took refuge in China. The Japanese, who had plans to annex the Amur Krai, finally pulled their troops out as Bolshevik forces gradually asserted control over the Russian Far East. On 25 October 1922 Vladivostok fell to the Red Army, and the Provisional Priamur Government was extinguished. In central Asia Red Army troops continued to face resistance into 1923, where \"basmachi\" (armed bands of Islamic guerrillas) had formed to fight the Bolshevik takeover. The", "title": "Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "654546", "text": "great hardship for the residents of cities such as Shanghai, where the unemployment rate rose dramatically to 37.5%. The US strongly supported the Kuomintang forces. About 50,000 US soldiers were sent to guard strategic sites in Hupeh and Shandong. The US equipped and trained KMT troops, and transported Japanese and Koreans back to help KMT forces to occupy liberated zones as well as to contain Communist-controlled areas. According to William Blum, American aid included substantial amounts of mostly surplus military supplies, and loans were made to the KMT. Within less than two years after the Sino-Japanese War, the KMT had", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "784705", "text": "Manchuria in the belief that the Soviet Union would cooperate only with the Nationalist government after the war. However, the Soviet occupation of Manchuria was long enough to allow the Communist forces to move in en masse and arm themselves with the military hardware surrendered by the Imperial Japanese Army, quickly establish control in the countryside and move into position to encircle the Nationalist government army in major cities of northeast China. Following that, the Chinese Civil War broke out between the Nationalists and Communists, which concluded with the Communist victory in mainland China and the retreat of the Nationalists", "title": "Second Sino-Japanese War" }, { "id": "654547", "text": "received $4.43 billion from the US—most of which was military aid. As postwar negotiations between the Nationalist government in Nanjing and the Communist Party failed, the civil war between these two parties resumed. This stage of war is referred to in mainland China and Communist historiography as the \"War of Liberation\" (). On 20 July 1946, Chiang Kai-shek launched a large-scale assault on Communist territory in North China with 113 brigades (a total of 1.6 million troops). This marked the first stage of the final phase in the Chinese Civil War. Knowing their disadvantages in manpower and equipment, the CPC", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "7392778", "text": "KMT in the Chinese Civil War. was signed by Soviet and ROC, which stated the possible Independence of Mongolia in the premise of Soviet not supporting the Communist China. Between 1946 and 1950, the CCP was increasingly enjoying massive support from the Chinese people in the \"War of Liberation,\" effectively implementing a People's war, while the KMT became increasingly isolated, only belatedly attempting to stem corruption and introduce popular reforms. On October 1, 1949 the People's Republic of China was proclaimed by Mao Zedong, and by May 1950 the Civil War was brought to an end in the Battle of", "title": "History of Sino-Russian relations" }, { "id": "9984528", "text": "beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. On 21 August, China and the Soviet Union signed a non–aggression pact. Although the pact made no mention of Soviet military support, it de facto established a tacit understanding that the Soviets would provide both military and material aid. In September 1937, a secret decree issued by the Soviet Orgburo ordered that 225 aircraft, including 62 Polikarpov I-15, 93 Polikarpov I-16 and 8 Yakovlev UT-4 trainers, be sent to China. In March and July 1938 as well as in July 1939, China received loans of 50, 50 and 150 million $ respectively, with an", "title": "Soviet Volunteer Group" }, { "id": "654565", "text": "new regime along its borders\". The second was by \"formalising a comprehensive military alliance with the Soviet Union\", which would dedicate Soviet power to directly defending China against its enemies; this aspect became extensively significant given the backdrop of the start of the Cold War. And finally the regime had to \"root out its domestic opponents : the heads of secret societies, religious sects, independent unions, or tribal and ethic organisations.\" By destroying the basis of domestic reaction, Mao believed a safer world for the Chinese revolution to spread in would come into existence. Under the new ROC president Lee", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "4524566", "text": "pacts with France and Czechoslovakia. In the League the Soviets were active in demanding action against imperialist aggression, a particular danger to them after the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria, which eventually resulted in the Soviet-Japanese Battle of Khalkhin Gol. Ignoring the agreement it signed to avoid involvement in the Spanish Civil War, the USSR sent arms and troops and organized volunteers to fight for the republican government. Communist forces systematically killed their old enemies the Spanish anarchists, even though they were on the same Republican side. The Spanish government sent its entire treasury to Moscow for safekeeping, but it", "title": "Foreign relations of the Soviet Union" }, { "id": "654543", "text": "of no evidence that the CPC was being supplied by the Soviet Union, the CPC was able to utilize a large number of weapons abandoned by the Japanese, including some tanks, but it was not until large numbers of well-trained KMT troops began surrendering and joining the Communist forces that the CPC was finally able to master the hardware. However, despite the disadvantage in military hardware, the CPC's ultimate trump card was its land reform policy. The CPC continued to make the irresistible promise in the countryside to the massive number of landless and starving peasants that by fighting for", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "1523857", "text": "Soviet troops captured Shenyang. British and US reports indicate that the Soviet troops that occupied Northeast China and Eastern Inner Mongolia region looted and terrorized the people of Shenyang, and were not discouraged by Soviet authorities from \"three days of rape and pillage\". The Soviets were replaced by the Nationalist Chinese, who were flown in on U.S. transport planes. During the Chinese Civil War, Shenyang remained a Kuomintang stronghold from 1946 to 1948, although the Chinese communists controlled the surrounding countryside. It was captured by the communists on October 30, 1948, following a series of offensives known as the Liaoshen", "title": "Shenyang" }, { "id": "366072", "text": "White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. The war ended in 1923 in the sense that Bolshevik communist control of the newly formed Soviet Union was now assured, although armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,000–12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians. The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greatest national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen. Many pro-independence movements emerged after the break-up of the Russian Empire and fought in the war. Several parts of the former Russian Empire—Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,", "title": "Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "784677", "text": "NRA. While 30 German-trained divisions were proposed originally, the plan failed to materialize as Germany withdrew its support in 1938 in favor of an alliance with Japan against the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union defeated Japan in the Battles of Khalkhin Gol in May – September 1939, leaving the Japanese reluctant to fight the Soviets again. After Germany and Japan signed the anti-communist Anti-Comintern Pact, the Soviet Union hoped to keep China fighting, in order to deter a Japanese invasion of Siberia and save itself from a two-front war. In September 1937, they signed the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact and approved", "title": "Second Sino-Japanese War" }, { "id": "16543595", "text": "the war to rebuild the country. Soviet soldiers were instrumental in the creation and early development of the North Korean People's Army and Korean People's Air Force, as well as for stabilizing the early years of the Northern regime. The Shineuiju Air Force Academy was founded under Soviet leadership on 25 October 1945 in order to train new pilots. Because at the time the war broke out in 1950, the Communist Soviet Union, China and their allies were already locked into a \"Cold War\" with capitalist countries, both sides felt that the Korean Conflict carried the potential to further destabilize", "title": "Soviet Union in the Korean War" }, { "id": "8628944", "text": "Union tried and failed in an attempt to make the Hui hostile to China. The Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929 was a minor armed conflict between the Soviet Union and the Republic of China over the Manchurian Chinese Eastern Railway. The Chinese seized the Manchurian Chinese Eastern Railway in 1929, swift Soviet military intervention quickly put an end to the crisis and forced the Chinese to accept restoration of joint Soviet-Chinese administration of the railway. In 1934 the Republic of China 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army), which was composed of Muslims, severely mauled the Soviet Union Red Army and their White", "title": "Sino-Soviet relations" }, { "id": "366100", "text": "extended their gains westwards, capturing Ekaterinburg on 26 July 1918. Shortly before the fall of Yekaterinburg on 17 July 1918, the former Tsar and his family were murdered by the Ural Soviet to prevent them from falling into the hands of the Whites. Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries supported peasants fighting against Soviet control of food supplies. In May 1918, with the support of the Czechoslovak Legion, they took Samara and Saratov, establishing the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly—known as the \"Komuch\". By July the authority of the Komuch extended over much of the area controlled by the Czechoslovak Legion.", "title": "Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "11749132", "text": "The Soviet Union's strong relations with India had a negative impact upon both Soviet relations with the People's Republic of China and Indian relations with the PRC, during the Khrushchev period. The Soviet Union declared its neutrality during the 1959 border dispute and the Sino-Indian war of October 1962, although the Chinese strongly objected. The Soviet Union gave India substantial economic and military assistance during the Khrushchev period, and by 1960 India had received more Soviet assistance than China had. This disparity became another point of contention in Sino-Soviet relations. In 1962 the Soviet Union agreed to transfer technology to", "title": "India–Russia relations" }, { "id": "13054026", "text": "the total Allied war machine would eventually stop Germany, and with Lend Lease from the West, the Soviets stopped the Wehrmacht some 30 kilometres from Moscow. Over the next four years, the Soviet Union repulsed Axis offensives, such as at the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Kursk, and pressed forward to victory in large Soviet offensives, such as the Vistula–Oder Offensive. The bulk of Soviet fighting took place on the Eastern Front—including a continued war with Finland—but it also invaded Iran (August 1941) in cooperation with the British and late in the war attacked Japan (August 1945), with", "title": "Soviet Union in World War II" }, { "id": "654506", "text": "Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was a war fought between the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China (CPC). Although particular attention is paid to the four years of Chinese Communist Revolution from 1945 to 1949, the war actually started in August 1927, with the White Terror at the end of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's Northern Expedition, and essentially ended when major hostilities between the two sides ceased in 1950. The conflict took place in two stages: the first between 1927 and 1937, and the second from 1946 to 1950, with the", "title": "Chinese Civil War" }, { "id": "7666807", "text": "to take control of the region. After observing how easily Soviet forces beat the Chinese, the Japanese employed a similar technique to defeat the Chinese and occupy Manchuria following the Mukden Incident in 1931. Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) The Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929 (, ) was an armed conflict between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang of the Republic of China over the Chinese Eastern Railway (also known as CER). The conflict was the first major combat test of the reformed Soviet Red Army – one organized along the latest professional lines – and ended with", "title": "Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)" }, { "id": "10707610", "text": "and that the Soviet Union ceased aiding the Chinese Communist Party. Furthermore, the two nations agreed upon joint control of the Chinese Eastern Railway and to facilitate its eventual return to full Chinese sovereignty. However, the ROC noticed that the Soviet Union secretly and continuously supported Chinese Communist Party and People's Liberation Army which were opposed to the ruling Kuomintang and the government of ROC, as well as the Mongolian People's Republic. The relation collapsed when Chinese Communist Party claimed the People's Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949 and the Soviet Union recognized it. The UN General", "title": "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" }, { "id": "4794648", "text": "than 70,000 troops eventually being deployed. The Japanese were joined by British and later American, Canadian, French, and Italian troops. Elements of the Czechoslovak Legion that had reached Vladivostok, greeted the Allied forces. The Americans deployed the 27th Infantry and 31st Infantry regiments out of the Philippines, plus elements of the 12th, 13th and 62nd Infantry Regiments out of Camp Fremont. The Japanese were expected to send only around 7,000 troops for the expedition, but by the end of their involvement in Siberia had deployed 70,000. The deployment of such a large force for a rescue operation made the Allied", "title": "Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War" }, { "id": "2865290", "text": "Shicai (1933–1944) in northwest China's Xinjiang (then \"Sinkiang)\" province, China's nationalist Kuomintang recognized for the first time the existence of a \"Uyghur people\", following Soviet ethnic policy. This ethnogenesis of a \"national\" people eligible for territorialized autonomy broadly benefited the Soviet Union, which organized conferences in Fergana and Semirechye (in Soviet Central Asia), in order to cause \"revolution\" in Altishahr (southern Xinjiang) and Dzungaria (northern Xinjiang). Both the Soviet Union and the White movement covertly armed and fought with the Ili National Army which fought against the Kuomintang in the Three Districts Revolution. Although the mostly Muslim Uyghur rebels participated", "title": "Sino-Soviet border conflict" }, { "id": "784679", "text": "time. In August 1945, the Soviet Union annulled the neutrality pact with Japan and invaded Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, the Kuril Islands, and northern Korea. The Soviets also continued to support the Chinese Communist Party. In total, 3,665 Soviet advisors and pilots served in China, and 227 of them died fighting there. From December 1937, events such as the Japanese attack on USS \"Panay\" and the Nanjing Massacre swung public opinion in the West sharply against Japan and increased their fear of Japanese expansion, which prompted the United States, the United Kingdom, and France to provide loan assistance for war supply", "title": "Second Sino-Japanese War" }, { "id": "7392744", "text": "Japan had been defeated in 1945, the two Chinese factions signed a truce, but the Chinese Civil War soon erupted again between them. In 1949, with Soviet support, the CCP won the Chinese Civil War and established the People's Republic of China, which made an alliance with the USSR. Mao became the PRC's first leader. Mao's most radical supporters, who became known as 'the Gang of Four', gradually eliminated most of Mao's rivals throughout his twenty-seven years in power. Ideological tension between the two countries emerged after Stalin's death in 1953. Nikita Khrushchev denounced Stalin's crimes in 1956, and the", "title": "History of Sino-Russian relations" }, { "id": "9705242", "text": "Soviet Union and the United States from 1917 to 1991. In 1921, after the Bolsheviks took over Russia, won a Civil War, killed the royal family, repudiated the tsarist debt, and called for a world revolution by the working class, it became a pariah nation. U.S. hostility towards the Bolsheviks was not only due to countering the emergence of an anti-capitalist revolution. The Americans, as a result of the fear of Japanese expansion into Russian held territory and their support for the Allied-aligned Czech legion, sent a small number of troops to Northern Russia and Siberia. After Lenin came to", "title": "Soviet Union–United States relations" }, { "id": "8628942", "text": "in 1920. Soviet troops, with support from Mongolian guerrillas led by Damdin Sükhbaatar, defeated the White warlord and established a new pro-Soviet Mongolian client state, which by 1924 became the Mongolian People's Republic. In 1921 the Soviet Union began supporting the Kuomintang (KMT), and in 1923 the Comintern instructed the Chinese Communist Party (commonly abbreviated as CCP) to sign a military treaty with the KMT. On May 31, 1924, the two governments signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations, while the Soviet government renounced in that agreement all privileges granted to the Tsarist government in China. But in 1926 KMT", "title": "Sino-Soviet relations" } ]

[ "English" ]

[ { "id": "14091134", "text": "is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of \"Hindi\" as a broad variety of \"Hindi languages\". According to 2001 Census, 53.6% of Indian population know Hindi, in which 41% of them have declared Hindi as their native language or mother tongue. English is known to 12.5% Indians in the 2001 census. The number of bilingual speakers in India is 25.50 crore, which is 24.8% of the population in 2001. India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839). 2001 Census of India", "title": "2001 Census of India" }, { "id": "190262", "text": "while Bihar the least with 63.82%. India is home to two major language families: Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spoken by 24% of the population). Other languages spoken in India come from the Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan language families. India has no national language. Hindi, with the largest number of speakers, is the official language of the government. English is used extensively in business and administration and has the status of a \"subsidiary official language\"; it is important in education, especially as a medium of higher education. Each state and union territory has one or more", "title": "India" }, { "id": "1951625", "text": "Languages of India Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians. Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839). Article 343 of the Indian constitution stated that the official language of the Union should become Hindi in Devanagari script instead of the extant English. But this was", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "1951639", "text": "group are Hindi (or more correctly, Hindustani, which includes Hindi and Urdu), Bengali, Konkani, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Kashmiri, Rajasthani, Sindhi, Assamese (Asamiya), Maithili and Odia. Aside from the Indo-Aryan languages, other Indo-European languages are also spoken in India, the most prominent of which is English, as a \"lingua franca\". The second largest language family is the Dravidian language family, accounting for some 277 million speakers, or approximately 20.5% as per 2018 estimate The Dravidian languages are spoken mainly in southern India and parts of eastern and central India as well as in parts of northeastern Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal and", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "18509374", "text": "Bengal are Ol Chicki (Santhal), Kol Ho, Barangh Kshiti, Lepcha, Sadri and Limbu besides Bengali, Urdu and Nepali. Languages with increasing numbers of speakers are Byari in Karnataka, Bhojpuri in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Khasi in Meghalaya, Mizo in Mizoram, Kumouni in Uttarakhand, Kutchhi in Gujarat and Mewati in Rajasthan. 400 million of the Indian population speak Hindi and it remains the most popular language of India, while the number of Indian people with English as their mother language has gone up from one hundred eighty-seven thousand in 1971 to 10 million in 2011. People's Linguistic Survey of India The", "title": "People's Linguistic Survey of India" }, { "id": "1951652", "text": "resolution to that effect was passed by the legislature of every state that had not adopted Hindi as its official language, and by each house of the Indian Parliament. The Constitution of India does not give any language the status of national language. Hindi, written in Devanagari script, is the most prominent language spoken in the country. In the 2001 census, 422 million (422,048,642) people in India reported Hindi to be their native language. This figure not only included Hindi speakers of Hindustani, but also people who identify as native speakers of related languages who consider their speech to be", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "441090", "text": "received recognition and patronage under British rule when the British replaced the local official languages with English and Hindustani written in Nastaʿlīq script, as the official language in North and Northwestern India. Religious, social, and political factors pushed for a distinction between Urdu and Hindi in India, leading to the Hindi–Urdu controversy. According to Nationalencyklopedin's 2010 estimates, Urdu is the 21st most spoken first language in the world, with approximately 66 million speakers. According to Ethnologue's 2017 estimates, Urdu, along with standard Hindi and the languages of the Hindi belt (as Hindustani), is the 3rd most spoken language in the", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "765188", "text": "Hindustani language Hindustani (, ,), also known as Hindi-Urdu, and historically also known as Hindavi, Dehlavi, and Rekhta, is the \"lingua franca\" of Northern India and Pakistan. It is an Indo-Aryan language, deriving its base primarily from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi. The language incorporates a large amount of vocabulary from Prakrit, Persian as well as Sanskrit (via Prakrit and Tatsama borrowings) and Arabic (via Persian). It is a pluricentric language, with two official forms, Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard Urdu, which are its standardised registers. According to Ethnologue's 2017 estimates Hindustani is the 3rd most spoken language in", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "177090", "text": "Spanish and English. Alongside Urdu as Hindustani, it is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. The term \"Hindī\" originally was used to refer to inhabitants of the region east of the Indus. It was borrowed from Classical Persian \"Hindī\" (Iranian Persian \"Hendi\"), meaning \"Indian\", from the proper noun \"Hind\" \"India\". The name \"Hindavī\" was used by Amir Khusrow in his poetry. Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi is a direct descendant of an early form of Vedic Sanskrit, through Sauraseni Prakrit and Śauraseni Apabhraṃśa (from Sanskrit \"apabhraṃśa\" \"corrupted\"), which emerged in the 7th century A.D. Modern", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "12744305", "text": "Languages of South Asia South Asia is home to several hundred languages. Most languages spoken in India belong either to the Indo-European (c. 74%), the Dravidian (c. 24%), the Austroasiatic (Munda) (c. 1.2%), or the Tibeto-Burman (c. 0.6%) families, with some languages of the Himalayas still unclassified. The SIL Ethnologue lists 461 living languages for India. Hindustani is the most widespread language of India. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of \"Hindi\" as the broad variety of the Hindi languages. The native speakers of Hindi so defined account for 39% of Indians. Indian English is recorded as the", "title": "Languages of South Asia" }, { "id": "14227134", "text": "are third language speakers. Hindi is the lingua franca of the majority of Indians in the subcontinent, along with Pakistan (as Urdu), Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal, with its importance as a global language increasing day by day. Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English. In 2007, it was reported that the government would \"make immediate diplomatic moves to seek the status of an official language for Hindi at the United Nations\". According to a 2009 press release from its Ministry of External Affairs, the Government of India has been \"working actively\"", "title": "Official languages of the United Nations" }, { "id": "1951628", "text": "million native speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people. Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian and English. Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation. English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, the most commonly spoken language in India today, serves as the \"lingua franca\" across much of North and Central India. However,", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "9640303", "text": "contender for \"Global language\" status. Incidentally, India has the world's largest English speaking/understanding population. It claims one of the largest workforce of engineers, doctors and other key professionals, all comfortable with English. It has the 2nd largest population of \"fluent English\" speakers, second only to the United States, with estimates ranging from 150 to 250 million speakers, and is expected to have the largest in coming decades. Indians are also learning Dutch, Italian, French, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin Chinese, Russian, and Spanish. India is the world's largest democratic republic, more than three times bigger than the next largest (the United States).", "title": "India as an emerging superpower" }, { "id": "177101", "text": "Trinidad and Tobago; 3,000 in Singapore. Linguistically, Hindi and Urdu are two registers of the same language and are mutually intelligible. Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and uses more Sanskrit words, whereas Urdu is written in the Perso-Arabic script and uses more Arabic and Persian words. Hindi is the most commonly used official language in India. Urdu is the and \"lingua franca\" of Pakistan and is one of 22 official languages of India. The splitting of Hindi and Urdu into separate languages is largely motivated by politics, namely the Indo-Pakistani rivalry. Hindi is written in the Devanagari script,", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "7133525", "text": "Dhar (9th century CE), Pushpadanta of Manikhet (9th century CE), Dhanapal, Muni Ramsimha, Hemachandra of Patan, Raighu of Gwalior (15th century CE). An early example of the use of Apabhraṃśa is in Vikramūrvashīiya of Kalidasa, when Pururava asks the animals in the forest about his beloved who had disappeared. Hindustani is right now the most spoken language in the Indian subcontinent and the fourth most spoken language in the world. The development of Hindustani revolves around the various Hindi dialects originating mainly from Sauraseni Apabhramsha. A Jain text Shravakachar written in 933AD is considered the first Hindi book. Modern Hindi", "title": "Linguistic history of India" }, { "id": "1951667", "text": "must for officials. Hindustani was made the second language of British Indian Empire after English and considered as the language of administration. The British introduced the use of Roman script for Hindustani as well as other languages. Urdu had 70 million speakers in India (as per the Census of 2001), and, along with Hindi, is one of the 22 officially recognised regional languages of India and also an official language in the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Telangana that have significant Muslim populations. Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the west", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "485525", "text": "as defined by the 2001 plan to \"Central National Capital Region (CNCR)\". Hinduism is Delhi's predominant religious faith, with 81.68% of Delhi's population, followed by Islam (12.86%), Sikhism (3.40%), Jainism (0.99%), Christianity (0.87%), and Buddhism (0.11%). Other minority religions include Zoroastrianism, Baha'ism and Judaism. According to the 50th report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in India, which was submitted in 2014, Hindi is Delhi's most spoken language, with 80.94% speakers, followed by Punjabi (7.14%), Urdu (6.31%) and Bengali (1.50%). 4.11% of the Delhites speak other languages. Hindi is also the official language of Delhi while Urdu and Punjabi have", "title": "Delhi" }, { "id": "629181", "text": "form the majority, followed by Muslims. The statistics are: Hindu (80.5%), Muslim (13.4%), Christian (2.3%), Sikh (2.1%), Buddhist, Bahá'í, Jain, Jew and Parsi populations. Linguistically, the two main language families in India are Indo-Aryan (a branch of Indo-European) and Dravidian. In India's northeast, people speaking Sino-Tibetan group of languages such as Meitei (Meitei-lon) recognized by the Indian constitution and Austroasiatic languages are commonly found. India (officially) follows a three-language policy. Hindi (spoken in the form of Hindustani) is the official federal language, English has the federal status of associate/subsidiary official language and each state has its own state official language", "title": "Multiculturalism" }, { "id": "6298475", "text": "83.66% of the population is Hindu, 10.12% Muslim, 4% Buddhist with Christians in Goa and Maharashtra making up the majority of the remainder. Marathi, with about 73 million speakers is the most widely spoken language, followed by Gujarati with about 46 million speakers and Konkani 2.5 million speakers, all of which are Indo-Aryan languages. As in other parts of India, a high level of multilingualism is seen with English and Hindi being spoken as additional languages in urban areas. The average literacy rate of West India is around 76%, higher than the national average of 70.5%. The population density is", "title": "Western India" }, { "id": "847358", "text": "Indo-Aryan languages The Indo-Aryan or Indic languages is the dominant language family of the Indian subcontinent. They constitute a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, itself a branch of the Indo-European language family. In the early 21st century, Indo-Aryan languages were spoken by more than 800 million people, primarily in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. There are 219 Indo-Aryan languages. The largest in terms of speakers are Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu, about 329 million), Bengali (242 million), Punjabi (about 100 million), and other languages, with a 2005 estimate placing the total number of native speakers at nearly 900 million. Proto-Indo-Aryan, or", "title": "Indo-Aryan languages" }, { "id": "191154", "text": "castes: 16.6% (2011 census); scheduled tribes: 8.6% (2011 census) See Languages of India and List of Indian languages by total speakers. There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million, and the second largest is Bengali with 238 million. 22 languages are recognised as official languages. In India, there are 1,652 languages and dialects in total. India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2030. India's population growth has raised concerns that it would lead to widespread unemployment and political instability. Note", "title": "Demographics of India" }, { "id": "4365674", "text": "History of Hindustani Hindustani (Hindi: हिंदुस्तानी Urdu: ) is one of the predominant languages of South Asia, with federal status in India and Pakistan in its standardized forms of Hindi and Urdu. It is widely spoken and understood as a second language in Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Persian Gulf and as such is considered a lingua franca in the Indian subcontinent. It is also one of the most widely spoken languages in the world by total number of speakers. It developed in North India, principally during the Mughal Empire, when the Persian language exerted a strong influence on", "title": "History of Hindustani" }, { "id": "1951664", "text": "and Urdu) with official status in more than one state. It is also spoken by a significant number of people in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and by the Sri Lankan Gypsy people. It is one of six languages with classical status in India. Telugu ranks fourth by the number of native speakers in India (81 million in the 2011 Census), fifteenth in the \"Ethnologue\" list of most-spoken languages worldwide and is the most widely spoken Dravidian language. Tamil (also spelt as \"Thamizh\": தமிழ்) is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken in Tamil Nadu,", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "177089", "text": "pidginized variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi). Outside India, several other languages are recognized officially as \"Hindi\" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects of Hindustani, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri. Such languages include \"Fiji Hindi\", which is official in Fiji, and Caribbean Hindustani, which is a recognized language in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname. Apart from specialized vocabulary, spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with Urdu, another recognized register of Hindustani. As a linguistic variety, Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin,", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "1951627", "text": "languages, which have been referred to as \"scheduled\" languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of \"classical language\" to Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu. Classical language status is given to languages which have a rich heritage and independent nature. According to the Census of India of 2001, India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However, figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in definition of the terms \"language\" and \"dialect\". The 2001 Census recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "7133527", "text": "Khariboli with the name 'Gora Badal ki Katha'. The establishment of British rule in the subcontinent saw the clear division of Hindi and Urdu registers. This period also saw the rise of modern Hindi literature starting with Bharatendu Harishchandra. This period also shows further Sanskritization of the Hindi language in literature. Hindi is right now the official language in nine states of India— Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh—and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Post-independence Hindi became the official language of the Central Government of India along with English. Urdu has been", "title": "Linguistic history of India" }, { "id": "441097", "text": "census and 16 million in 2006 estimates; and several hundred thousand in the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, United States, and Bangladesh (where it is called \"Bihari\"). However, a knowledge of Urdu allows one to speak with far more people than that, because Hindustani, of which Urdu is one variety, is the third most commonly spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English . Because of the difficulty in distinguishing between Urdu and Hindi speakers in India and Pakistan, as well as estimating the number of people for whom Urdu is a second language, the estimated number of speakers is", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "177098", "text": "Uttar Pradesh, for instance, depending on the political formation in power, this language is generally Urdu. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of official language in the following Union Territories: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, National Capital Territory. National language status for Hindi is a long-debated theme. In 2010, the Gujarat High Court clarified that Hindi is not the national language of India because the constitution does not mention it as such. Outside Asia, the Awadhi language (A Hindi dialect) with influence from Bhojpuri, Bihari languages, Fijian and English is spoken in Fiji.", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "19988238", "text": "Information Technology (Also known as MeitY) of India has done many projects for OCR. Their projects include OCR for Malayalam, Odia, Punjabi, Telugu and Devanagari script. In India, there are 22 officially recognized languages. Among these Hindi, Bengali and Punjabi are most spoken languages in India and fourth, seventh and tenth most popular languages in the world. Two or more languages can be written with same script. For example, Devanagiri is used to write Hindi, Marathi, Rajasthani, Bhojpuri and many more. While Bengali Script is used to write Sanskrit, Manipuri etc. Apart from basic characters as consonants and vowels, most", "title": "OCR in Indian languages" }, { "id": "1951665", "text": "Puduchery and many parts of Sri Lanka. It is also spoken by large minorities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius and throughout the world. Tamil ranks fifth by the number of native speakers in India (61 million in the 2001 Census) and ranks 20th in the list of most spoken languages. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and was the first Indian language to be declared a classical language by the Government of India in 2004. Tamil is one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world. It", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "1951653", "text": "a dialect of Hindi, the Hindi belt. Hindi (or Hindustani) is the native language of most people living in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan. \"Modern Standard Hindi\", a standardised language is the official language of the Union of India. In addition, it is one of only two languages used for business in Parliament however the Rajya Sabha now allows all 22 official languages on the Eighth Schedule to be spoken. Hindustani, evolved from \"khari boli\" (खड़ी बोली), a prominent tongue of Mughal times, which itself evolved from Apabhraṃśa, an intermediary", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "177100", "text": "from, or has its origin from the \"Hindi Belt\" of India. A substantially large North Indian diaspora lives in countries like the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, South Africa, Fiji and Mauritius, where it is natively spoken at home and among their own Hindustani-speaking communities. Outside India, Hindi speakers are 8 million in Nepal; 863,077 in United States of America; 450,170 in Mauritius; 380,000 in Fiji; 250,292 in South Africa; 150,000 in Suriname; 100,000 in Uganda; 45,800 in United Kingdom; 20,000 in New Zealand; 20,000 in Germany; 16,000 in", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "1951654", "text": "transition stage from Prakrit, from which the major North Indian Indo-Aryan languages have evolved. Varieties of Hindi spoken in India include Rajasthani, Braj Bhasha, Haryanvi, Bundeli, Kannauji, Hindustani, Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Nagpuri and Chhattisgarhi. By virtue of its being a \"lingua franca\", Hindi has also developed regional dialects such as Bambaiya Hindi in Mumbai. In addition, a trade language, Andaman Creole Hindi has also developed in the Andaman Islands. In addition, by use in popular culture such as songs and films, Hindi also serves as a \"lingua franca\" across both North and Central India Hindi is widely taught both", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "739997", "text": "different varieties of Hindi spoken outside the Indian Subcontinent, such as Fiji Hindi of Fiji and the Caribbean Hindustani of Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, and the rest of the Caribbean. Hindustani is also spoken by a small number of people in Mauritius and South Africa. Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. Varieties of Arabic are spoken by immigrants from the Middle East as well as many Muslim Americans. The highest concentrations of native Arabic speakers reside in heavily urban areas like Chicago, New York City, and Los Angeles. Detroit and the surrounding", "title": "Languages of the United States" }, { "id": "2001900", "text": "languages in the 8th schedule of Indian constitution. Oriya's importance to Indian culture, from ancient times, is evidenced by its presence in Ashoka's Rock Edict X, dated to be from 2nd century BC. The language with the largest number of speakers in India is Hindi and it's various dialects. Early forms of present-day Hindustani developed from the Middle Indo-Aryan \"apabhraṃśa\" vernaculars of present-day North India in the 7th–13th centuries. During the time of Islamic rule in parts of India, it became influenced by Persian. The Persian influence led to the development of Urdu, which is more Persianized and written in", "title": "Culture of India" }, { "id": "191151", "text": "in mothers of different age groups and gestation periods in the United States. 41.03% of the Indians speak Hindi while the rest speak Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Maithili, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and a variety of other languages. There are a total of 122 languages and 234 mother tongues. The 22 languages are Languages specified in the Eighth Schedule of Indian Constitution and 100 non-specified languages. The table immediately below excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results. Source: \"UN World Population Prospects\" Structure of the population", "title": "Demographics of India" }, { "id": "12269747", "text": "language come from both India and Sri Lanka. Hindi, as India's most spoken language, is now the language primarily used by new Indian immigrants, especially ones with ties to Northern India and Central India. As an official language used by the Government of India and by almost half of India's population, Hindi plays a key role as a lingua franca between Indo-Canadians who don't necessarily feel comfortable to speak in English. Urdu is primarily spoken by Muslim South Asians from Northern India and Pakistan. However, individuals of Indian descent from Africa and the Caribbean may also speak it as well.", "title": "Indo-Canadians" }, { "id": "1880506", "text": "of 72 countries in the 2016 EF English Proficiency Index published by the EF Education First. The index gives the country a score of 57.30 indicating \"moderate proficiency\". India ranks 4th out of 19 Asian countries included in the index. Among Asian countries, Singapore (63.52), Malaysia (60.70) and the Philippines (60.33) received higher scores than India. English, according to the Indian Constitution, is the language of the Supreme Court and all the High Courts of India. The Indian parliament has the power to change this law, but it has yet to do so. However, in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,", "title": "Indian English" }, { "id": "177097", "text": "of Hindi on non-native speakers, especially in South India (such as the those in Tamil Nadu) led to the passage of the Official Languages Act of 1963, which provided for the continued use of English indefinitely for all official purposes, although the constitutional directive for the Union Government to encourage the spread of Hindi was retained and has strongly influenced its policies. At the state level, Hindi is the official language of the following Indian states: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal. Each may also designate a \"co-official language\"; in", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "190263", "text": "official languages, and the constitution recognises in particular 22 \"scheduled languages\". The 2011 census reported that the religion in India with the largest number of followers was Hinduism (79.80% of the population), followed by Islam (14.23%); the remaining were Christianity (2.30%), Sikhism (1.72%), Buddhism (0.70%), Jainism (0.36%) and others (0.9%). India has the world's largest Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Zoroastrian, and Bahá'í populations, and has the third-largest Muslim population—the largest for a non-Muslim majority country. Indian cultural history spans more than 4,500 years. During the Vedic period (c. 1700 – 500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, theology and literature", "title": "India" }, { "id": "14435483", "text": "faiths- 4.957 million-strong Sarnaism, 1.026 million-strong Gond, 506,000-strong Sari, Donyi-Polo (302,000) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahism (222,000) in Manipur, Khasi (138,000) in Meghalaya dominate. Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Kerala. Hindi is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of \"Hindi\" as a broad variety of \"Hindi languages\". According to 2011 Census, 57.1% of Indian population know Hindi, in which 43.63% of Indian people have declared Hindi as their native language or mother tongue. The language data was", "title": "2011 Census of India" }, { "id": "14435484", "text": "released on 26 June 2018. Bhili/Bhilodi was the most spoken unscheduled language with 10.4 million speakers, followed by Gondi with 2.9 million speakers. 96.71% of India's population speaks one of the 22 scheduled languages as their mother tongue in the 2011 census. The 2011 census report on bilingualism and trilingualism, which provides data on the two languages in order of preference in which a person is proficient other than the mother tongue, was released in September 2018. The number of bilingual speakers in India is 31.49 crore, which is 26% of the population in 2011. 7% of Indian population is", "title": "2011 Census of India" }, { "id": "2489000", "text": "Languages with official status in India The Constitution of India designates the official language of the Government of India as Hindi written in the Devanagari script, as well as English. There is no national language as declared by the Constitution of India. Hindi is used for official purposes such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the Central Government and a State Government. States within India have the liberty and powers to specify their own official language(s) through legislation and therefore there are 22 officially recognized languages in India of which Hindi is the most used. The number of native Hindi", "title": "Languages with official status in India" }, { "id": "765189", "text": "the world, with approximately 329.1 million native speakers, and 697.4 million total speakers. The colloquial registers are mostly indistinguishable, and even though the official standards are nearly identical in grammar, they differ in literary conventions and in academic and technical vocabulary, with Urdu adopting stronger Persian and Arabic influences, and Hindi relying more heavily on Sanskrit. Before the partition of India, the terms \"Hindustani,\" \"Hindi,\" and \"Urdu\" were synonymous; they all covered what would be mostly called Hindi and Urdu today. The term \"Hindustani\" is still used for the colloquial language and the \"lingua franca\" of North India and Pakistan,", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "3046387", "text": "Sudan, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. There also are countries where in a part of the territory English became a co-official language, e.g. Colombia's San Andrés y Providencia and Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast. This was a result of the influence of British colonization in the area. India has the largest number of second-language speakers of English (\"see\" Indian English); Crystal (2004) claims that, combining native and non-native speakers, India has more people who speak or understand English than any other country in the world. However, most scholars and research that has been conducted dispute his assertions. English", "title": "English-speaking world" }, { "id": "1951635", "text": "language Hindi. Separate figures for Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi were not issued, due to the fact the returns were intentionally recorded incorrectly in states such as East Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, PEPSU, and Bilaspur. The 1961 census recognised 1,652 mother tongues spoken by 438,936,918 people, counting all declarations made by any individual at the time when the census was conducted. However, the declaring individuals often mixed names of languages with those of dialects, subdialects and dialect clusters or even castes, professions, religions, localities, regions, countries and nationalities. The list therefore includes languages with barely a few individual speakers as well", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "4651765", "text": "Sanskrit and the various Prakrits are thought to have evolved. The most widely spoken language in this region is Hindi. It has official status in the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh as well as in the union territory of Delhi. Punjabi has predominance in the state of Punjab where it is the official language. It also has significant presence in the nearby regions. Urdu enjoys official status in Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh. Further north in Jammu and Kashmir, major languages are Dogri and Kashmiri. Languages like Bengali, Bhili and Nepali are also", "title": "North India" }, { "id": "177088", "text": "Hindi Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, \"Hindī\"), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, \"Mānak Hindī\") is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Hindi written in the Devanagari script is one of the official languages of India, along with the English language. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India. However, it is not the national language of India because no language was given such a status in the Indian constitution. Hindi is the \"lingua franca\" of the \"Hindi belt\", and to a lesser extent other parts of India (usually in a simplified or", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "1951638", "text": "language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians. The languages of India belong to several language families, the most important of which are : The largest of the language families represented in India, in terms of speakers, is the Indo-Aryan language family, a branch of the Indo-Iranian family, itself the easternmost, extant subfamily of the Indo-European language family. This language family predominates, accounting for some 1035 million speakers, or over 76.5 of the population, as per 2018 estimate. The most widely spoken languages of this", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "185596", "text": "the population as a lingua franca. English is given the status of an additional official language. Most of the languages spoken natively belong to the group of the Himachali languages. According to the 2001 Census of India, the languages spoken in the state in descending order of native speakers are Hindi, spoken by 89.01% of the population (including Himachali languages as dialects of Hindi); followed by Punjabi (5.99%), Nepali (1.16%) and Kinnauri (1.06%). Hinduism is the major religion in Himachal Pradesh. More than 95% of the total population adheres to the Hindu faith, the distribution of which is evenly spread", "title": "Himachal Pradesh" }, { "id": "2943628", "text": "most spoken language in India. According to the Ethnologue 2005 estimate, there are 130 million native speakers of the Punjabi language, which makes it the ninth most widely spoken language in the world. According to a 2008 estimate, there are approximately 76,335,300 native speakers of Punjabi in Pakistan, and according to the Census of India, there are over 29,102,477 Punjabi speakers in India. Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers, such as the United Kingdom (where it is the second most commonly used language) and Canada, in which", "title": "Punjabis" }, { "id": "1951673", "text": "32 million speakers. In Pakistan it is spoken by over 80 million people and is written in the Shahmukhi alphabet. It is mainly spoken in Punjab but also in neighboring areas. It is an official language of Delhi and Punjab. Asamiya or Assamese language is most popular in the state of Assam and Brahmaputra Valley. It's an Eastern Indo-Aryan language having more than 10 million speakers as per world estimates by Encarta. Maithili (; \"Maithilī\") is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bihar and Jharkhand states of India. In Nepal, it is spoken in the eastern Terai, and is the", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "9376971", "text": "is also widely used in media and literature, and the number of English language books published annually in India is the third largest in the world after the US and UK. However English is rarely spoken as a first language, numbering only around a couple hundred-thousand people, and less than 5% of the population speak fluent English in India. David Crystal claimed in 2004 that, combining native and non-native speakers, India now has more people who speak or understand English than any other country in the world, but the number of English speakers in India is very uncertain, with most", "title": "English language" }, { "id": "1951655", "text": "as a primary language and language of instruction, and as a second tongue in most states. British colonial legacy has resulted in English being a language for government, business and education. English, along with Hindi, is one of the two languages permitted in the Constitution of India for business in Parliament. Despite the fact that Hindi has official Government patronage and serves as a \"lingua franca\" over large parts of India, there was considerable opposition to the use of Hindi in the southern states of India, and English has emerged as a \"de facto\" \"lingua franca\" over much of India.", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "190427", "text": "sometimes a fourth independent branch, Dardic, is posited, but recent scholarship in general places Dardic languages as archaic members of the Indo-Aryan branch. The Indo-Iranian languages consist of three groups: Most of the largest languages (in terms of speakers) are a part of the Indo-Aryan group: Hindustani (Urdu, ~590 million), Bengali (205 million), , Punjabi (100 million), Marathi (75 million), Gujarati (50 million), Bhojpuri (40 million), Awadhi (40 million), Maithili (35 million), Odia (35 million), Marwari (30 million), Sindhi (25 million), Assamese (24 million), Rajasthani (20 million), Chhattisgarhi (18 million), Sinhalese (19 million), Nepali (17 million),Bishnupuriya (12 million) and Rangpuri", "title": "Indo-Iranian languages" }, { "id": "16417841", "text": "Bible translations into the languages of India Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 75% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 20% of Indians. Other languages belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. India has the world's second-highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (839). A Gujarati translation of the Bible had been issued by the Serampore Mission Press in 1820, and William Carey had contributed to it. James Skinner and William Fyvie of the London Missionary", "title": "Bible translations into the languages of India" }, { "id": "273461", "text": "Marathi language Marathi (; ; ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by around 83 million Marathi people of Maharashtra, India. It is the official language and co-official language in the Maharashtra and Goa states of Western India, respectively, and is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. There were 83 million speakers in 2011; Marathi ranks 19th in the list of most spoken languages in the world. Marathi has the third largest number of native speakers in India, after Hindi and Bengali. Marathi has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages, dating from about 900", "title": "Marathi language" }, { "id": "191141", "text": "is 1.13%, ranking 112th in the world in 2017. India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4. India has more than two thousand , and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan languages) as well as two language isolates (the", "title": "Demographics of India" }, { "id": "1951663", "text": "of Prakrit, Maharashtri, Dravidian languages, Apabhraṃśa and Sanskrit is understandable. At least 50% of the words in Marathi are either taken or derived from Sanskrit. Many scholars claim that Sanskrit has derived many words from Marathi. Marathi has also shared directions, vocabulary and grammar with languages such as Indian Dravidian languages, and foreign languages such as Persian, Arabic, English and a little from Portuguese. Telugu is the most widely spoken Dravidian language in India and around the world. Telugu is an official language in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Yanam, making it one of the few languages (along with Hindi, Bengali,", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "1951631", "text": "(of Turco-Mongol origin), influenced the art, history and literature of the region for more than 500 years, resulting in the Persianisation of many Indian tongues, mainly lexically. In 1837, the British replaced Persian with English and Hindustani in Perso-Arabic script for administrative purposes, and the Hindi movement of the 19th Century replaced Persianised vocabulary with Sanskrit derivations and replaced or supplemented the use of Perso-Arabic script for administrative purposes with Devanagari. Each of the northern Indian languages had different influences. For example, Hindustani was strongly influenced by Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic, leading to the emergence of Modern Standard Hindi and", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "765205", "text": "declared by the Constitution of India as the \"official language (राजभाषा, \"rājabhāśā\") of the Union\" (Art. 343(1)) (In this context, \"Union\" means the Federal Government and not the entire country – India has 23 official languages). At the same time, however, the definitive text of federal laws is officially the English text and proceedings in the higher appellate courts must be conducted in English. At the state level, Hindi is one of the official languages in 9 of the 29 Indian states and three Union Territories (respectively, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, and Haryana;", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "4442601", "text": "proper, Hindi can be equated with the Central Zone Indic languages. These are conventionally divided into Western Hindi and Eastern Hindi. An even narrower definition of Hindi is that of the official language, Modern Standard Hindi or \"Manak Hindi\", a standardised register of Hindustani, one of the varieties of Western Hindi. Standardised Hindustani—including both Manak Hindi and Urdu—is historically based on the Khariboli dialect of 17th-century Delhi. Population data from the 16th (2009) edition of \"Ethnologue\" is as follows, counting languages with two million or more speakers: According to the 2001 Indian census, 258 million people in India (25% of", "title": "Hindi Belt" }, { "id": "1951678", "text": "the Congress party in Tamil Nadu. Strong cultural pride based on language is also found in other Indian states such as Karnataka, Bengal, Punjab and Maharashtra. To express disapproval of the imposition of Hindi on its states' people as a result of the central government, the government of Maharashtra made the state languages mandatory in educational institutions. The Government of India attempts to assuage these conflicts with various campaigns, coordinated by the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, a branch of the Department of Higher Education, Language Bureau, and the Ministry of Human Resource Development. Most languages in India are", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "177092", "text": "a standardised form of Hindustani separate from Urdu took form. In 1881, Bihar accepted Hindi as its sole official language, replacing Urdu, and thus became the first state of India to adopt Hindi. Modern Standard Hindi is one of the youngest Indian languages in this regard. After independence, the government of India instituted the following conventions: On 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted Hindi written in the Devanagari script as the official language of the Republic of India replacing Urdu's previous usage in British India. To this end, several stalwarts rallied and lobbied pan-India in favor of", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "2956334", "text": "people across India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. Most of its speakers live in India, the 2001 census listing 6,469,600 speakers in the states of Jharkhand (2.8 million), West Bengal (2.2 million), Odisha (0.70 million), Bihar (0.39 million), Assam (0.24 million), and a few thousand in each of Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura. Santali is one of India's 22 scheduled languages. Dialects of Santali include Kamari-Santali, Karmali (Khole), Lohari-Santali, Mahali, Manjhi, Paharia. Santali has 21 consonants, not counting the 10 aspirated stops which occur almost only in Indo-Aryan loanwords and are given in parentheses in the table below. In native words,", "title": "Santali language" }, { "id": "1951661", "text": "in 1952. Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language.It is the official language and co-official language in Maharashtra and Goa states of Western India respectively, and is one of the official languages of India. There were 83 million speakers in 2011 and 72 million speakers in 2001. Marathi has the third largest number of native speakers in India. Marathi has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indo-Aryan languages, dating from about 1200 AD (Mukundraj's \"Vivek Sindhu\" from the close of the 12th century). The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and the Varhadi dialect. There are other related languages", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "1590608", "text": "third with 26 countries and Spanish is fourth with 19 countries, Portuguese is the official language of 9 countries and German is official in 6. Some countries—like Australia, United Kingdom and the United States—have no official language recognized as such at national level. On the other extreme, Bolivia officially recognizes 37 languages, the most by any country in the world. Second to Bolivia is India with 23 official languages. South Africa is the country with the most official languages, all at equal status to one another, in the world. As Bolivia gives primacy to Spanish and India gives primacy to", "title": "Official language" }, { "id": "14227133", "text": "of the official languages of India and Fiji and is also spoken in Suriname, Mauritius, Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana. It is mutually intelligible to a high degree with Urdu which is spoken in Pakistan and together they are often considered the same language, referred to as Hindustani or Hindi-Urdu. Although very similar verbally, they do have different written scripts; Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and Urdu is written in the Nastaʿlīq script. Hindi has more than 550 million speakers in India alone, of whom 422 million are native, 98.2 million are second language speakers, and 31.2 million", "title": "Official languages of the United Nations" }, { "id": "1951640", "text": "Bangladesh. The Dravidian languages with the most speakers are Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam. Besides the mainstream population, Dravidian languages are also spoken by small scheduled tribe communities, such as the Oraon and Gond tribes. Only two Dravidian languages are exclusively spoken outside India, Brahui in Pakistan and Dhangar, a dialect of Kurukh, in Nepal. Families with smaller numbers of speakers are Austroasiatic and numerous small Sino-Tibetan languages, with some 10 and 6 million speakers, respectively, together 3% of the population. The Austroasiatic language family (\"austro\" meaning South) is the autochthonous language in South Asia and Southeast Asia, other language", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "765208", "text": "the majority of the population, Urdu is the \"lingua franca\". \"Hindustani\" was the official language of the British Raj and was synonymous with both Hindi and Urdu. After India's independence in 1947, the Sub-Committee on Fundamental Rights recommended that the official language of India be Hindustani: \"Hindustani, written either in Devanagari or the Perso-Arabic script at the option of the citizen, shall, as the national language, be the first official language of the Union.\" However, this recommendation was not adopted by the Constituent Assembly. Besides being the \"lingua franca\" of North India and Pakistan in South Asia, Hindustani is also", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "1951637", "text": "major languages. Of these, 29 languages have more than a million native speakers, 60 have more than 100,000 and 122 have more than 10,000 native speakers. There are a few languages like Kodava that do not have a script but have a group of native speakers in Coorg (Kodagu). The language-related data results of the 2011 Census have not yet been released by the Government of India. Ethnolinguistically, the languages of South Asia, echoing the complex history and geography of the region, form a complex patchwork of language families, language phyla and isolates. Languages spoken in India belong to several", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "1951659", "text": "of Bangladesh and the states of West Bengal, Tripura and Barak Valley region of Assam. Bengali (also spelt as \"Bangla\": বাংলা) is the fifth most spoken language in the world. After the partition of India (1947), refugees from East Pakistan were settled in Tripura, and Jharkhand and the union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. There is also a large number of Bengali-speaking people in Maharashtra and Gujarat where they work as artisans in jewellery industries. Bengali developed from Abahatta, a derivative of Apabhramsha, itself derived from Magadhi Prakrit. The modern Bengali vocabulary contains the vocabulary base from Magadhi Prakrit", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "4442598", "text": "Hindi Belt The Hindi Belt or Hindi Desh, sometimes referred to as the Hindi-Urdu Region, is a linguistic region in north-central India where Hindi (and the various languages/dialects grouped under it) and Urdu are widely spoken. Hindi belt is sometimes also used to refer to nine Indian states whose official language is Hindi and have a Hindi-speaking majority, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand , Uttar Pradesh and National Capital Territory of Delhi. Hindi is part of the Indo-Aryan dialect continuum that lies within the cultural Hindi Belt in the northern plains of India. Hindi", "title": "Hindi Belt" }, { "id": "2064776", "text": "the Southern dialects; these dialects are spoken mainly in the Peloponnese, the Ionian Islands, Attica, Crete and the Cyclades. Two standardised registers of the Hindustani language have legal status India: Standard Hindi (one of 23 co-official national languages) and Urdu (Pakistan’s official tongue), resultantly, Hindustani often called “Hindi-Urdu\". \"An Caighdeán Oifigiúil\" (\"The Official Standard\"), often shortened to \"An Caighdeán\", is official standard of the Irish language. It is taught in most schools in Ireland, though with strong influences from local dialects. It was first published by the translators in Dáil Éireann in the 1950s. As of September 2013, the first", "title": "Standard language" }, { "id": "1880509", "text": "universities modelled on the University of London and using English as the medium of instruction were established in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. During subsequent Crown Rule in India, or the British Raj, lasting from 1858 to 1947, English language penetration increased throughout India. This was driven in part by the gradually increasing hiring of Indians in the civil services. At the time of India's independence in 1947, English was the only functional lingua franca in the country. After Indian Independence in 1947, Hindi was declared the first official language, and attempts were made to declare Hindi the sole national language", "title": "Indian English" }, { "id": "441096", "text": "and Hindi, by purging Urdu of Sanskrit words, and Hindi of Persian loanwords, and new vocabulary draws primarily from Persian and Arabic for Urdu and from Sanskrit for Hindi. English has exerted a heavy influence on both as a co-official language. There are over 100 million native speakers of Urdu in India (more than 80% of it) and Pakistan together: there were 52 million and 80.5 million Urdu speakers in India (some 5% and 6.5% of the total population of India) as per the 2001 and 2011 censuses respectively; approximately 10 million in Pakistan or 7.57% as per the 1998", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "198134", "text": "Indo-European languages There are about 445 living Indo-European languages, according to the estimate by \"Ethnologue\", with over two thirds (313) of them belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch. The most widely spoken Indo-European languages by native speakers are Spanish, Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), English, Portuguese, Bengali, Punjabi, and Russian, each with over 100 million speakers, with German, French, Marathi, Italian, and Persian also having more than 50 million. Today, nearly 42% of the human population (3.2 billion) speaks an Indo-European language as a first language, by far the highest of any language family. The Indo-European family includes most of the modern languages of", "title": "Indo-European languages" }, { "id": "20537182", "text": "instability in some African countries has made it difficult to attract foreign teachers. There has been increasing government investment in education and a growing private sector. Additional English instruction takes place at levels of public and private schools. Beginning as early as 1759, English language teaching in India has been occurring for more than two hundred and fifty years. After Hindi, English is the most commonly spoken, written and read language of India, as it is used most commonly for inter-state and intrastate communication, acting as a ‘link’ language. In India, it is a very important language in some fields", "title": "Teaching English as a second or foreign language" }, { "id": "198169", "text": "on the Internet are Indo-European, with English continuing to lead the group; English in general has in many respects become the \"lingua franca\" of global communication. Indo-European languages There are about 445 living Indo-European languages, according to the estimate by \"Ethnologue\", with over two thirds (313) of them belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch. The most widely spoken Indo-European languages by native speakers are Spanish, Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), English, Portuguese, Bengali, Punjabi, and Russian, each with over 100 million speakers, with German, French, Marathi, Italian, and Persian also having more than 50 million. Today, nearly 42% of the human population (3.2 billion)", "title": "Indo-European languages" }, { "id": "15323650", "text": "- 75,683 (+19.22%), Meghalaya - 54,716 (+4.91%), Manipur - 63,756 (+38.61%), Nagaland - 43,481 (+27.06%), and Mizoram - 8,994 (+0.51%). Apart from this, there are additional speakers of languages such as Limbu (40,835), Rai (15,644), Sherpa (16,012) and Tamang (20,154). So the combined strength of Nepali and the other four Gorkha languages comes to 3,018,813. As per the 2001 Census, a total of 2,871,749 people in India spoke Nepali as mother tongue. As per the 1991 Census, this figure was 2,076,645. The largest populations can be found in West Bengal - 1,022,725 (+18.87% from 1991 Census), Assam - 564,790 (+30.58%),", "title": "Indian Gorkha" }, { "id": "1951657", "text": "their own official languages, depending on their linguistic demographics. The official languages chosen reflect the predominant as well as politically significant languages spoken in that state. Certain states having a linguistically defined territory may have only the predominant language in that state as its official language, examples being Karnataka and Gujarat, which have Kannada and Gujarati as their sole official language respectively. Telangana, with a sizeable Urdu-speaking Muslim population, has two languages, Telugu and Urdu, as its official languages. Some states buck the trend by using minority languages as official languages. Jammu and Kashmir uses Urdu, which is spoken by", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "188785", "text": "being the largest minorities. Muslims are mainly found in the Mewat or Nuh district. Haryana has the second largest Sikh population in India after Punjab, and they mostly live in the districts adjoining Punjab, such as Sirsa, Jind, Fatehabad, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Ambala and Panchkula. Hindi was the sole official language of Haryana until 2010 and it is spoken by the majority of the population (87.31%). Haryana has 70% rural population who primarily speak Haryanvi dialect of Hindi, as well as other related dialects, such as Bagri and Mewati. Significant minority languages spoken in Haryana are Punjabi (10.57%), Urdu (1.23%), Bengali", "title": "Haryana" }, { "id": "2166195", "text": "of about 80 million copies. English, the second language in terms of number of daily newspapers, has about 250 dailies with a circulation of about 40 million copies. The prominent Hindi newspapers are \"Dainik Jagran\", \"Dainik Bhaskar\", \"Amar Ujala\", \"Navbharat Times\", \"Hindustan Dainik\", \"Prabhat Khabar\", \"Rajasthan Patrika\", and \"Nai Dunia\". In terms of readership, \"Dainik Jagran\" is the most popular Hindi daily with a total readership (TR) of 54,583,000, according to IRS Round One 2009. \"Dainik Bhaskar\" is the second most popular with a total readership of 33,500,000. \"Amar Ujala\" with TR of 28,674,000, \"Hindustan Dainik\" with TR of 26,769,000", "title": "Media of India" }, { "id": "1951666", "text": "has been described as \"the only language of contemporary India which is recognisably continuous with a classical past.\" The two earliest manuscripts from India, acknowledged and registered by UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 and 2005, are in Tamil. Tamil is an official language of Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka and Singapore. It is also recognized as minority language in Canada, Malaysia, Mauritius and South Africa. After independence, Modern Standard Urdu, the Persianised register of Hindustani became the national language of Pakistan. During British colonial times, a knowledge of Hindustani or Urdu was a", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "12744306", "text": "native language of 226,449 Indians in the 2001 census. English is the second \"language of the Union\" besides Hindi. Thirteen languages account for more than 1% of Indian population each, and between themselves for over 95%; all of them are \"scheduled languages of the constitution.\" Scheduled languages spoken by less than 1% of Indians are Santali (0.64%), Manipuri (0.14%), Bodo (0.13%), Dogri (0.01%, spoken in Jammu and Kashmir). The largest language that is not \"scheduled\" is Bhili (0.95%), followed by Gondi (0.27%), Tulu (0.17%) and Kurukh (0.099%) Languages of South Asia South Asia is home to several hundred languages. Most", "title": "Languages of South Asia" }, { "id": "1880503", "text": "Indian English Indian English refers to dialects of the English language characteristic of the Republic of India. The Constitution of India designates the co-official language of the Government of India as English, along with Hindi. Today many regional varieties of English, or Englishes, exist around the globe and are slowly but steadily gaining recognition. Hindi is one of the official languages of the Union Government of India. However, even after 70 years of Indian Independence from Britain, English is still retained as an official language. Only a few hundred thousand Indians, or less than 0.1% of the total population, have", "title": "Indian English" }, { "id": "5124826", "text": "of the World's Languages in Danger designates Garhwali as a language which is in the \"unsafe\" category and requires consistent conservation efforts. Almost all people who can speak and understand Garhwali can also speak and understand Hindi, one of the most commonly spoken languages of India. As per a study, Garhwali is only 50% intelligible for Hindi speakers and there is one-way full intelligibility of Hindi for Garhwali speakers because of the high rate of Hindi literacy in Uttarakhand and the popularity of Hindi in Northern India. Garhwali is spoken primarily by people in Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Chamoli,", "title": "Garhwali language" }, { "id": "6965547", "text": "and Bhojpuri are the dominant language of Bihar. Hindi, Santali, Khortha and Nagpuri are the dominant language of Jharkhand; however, some tribals speak their own tribal languages. Jharkhand has accorded second language status to Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Ho, Kharia, Kurukh, Khortha, Kurmali, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali and Urdu. Odia is the dominant language of Odisha. Odia is the only major classical language in east India and sixth Indian language to be considered as a classical language in the basis of being old and not borrowed from other languages. According to Indian National Mission for Manuscripts, after Sanskrit, Odia", "title": "East India" }, { "id": "190193", "text": "India India (IAST: ), also known as the Republic of India (IAST: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1,200 crore (1.2 billion) people), and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of", "title": "India" }, { "id": "3416320", "text": "Census Department of India, there were 2,489,016 Konkani speakers in India. The Census Department of India, 2011 figures put the number of Konkani speakers in India as 2,256,502 making up 0.19% of India's population. Out of these, 788,294 were in Karnataka, 964,305 in Goa, 399,255 in Maharashtra, and 69,449 in Kerala. It ranks 19th on the List of Scheduled Languages by strength. The number of Konkani speakers in India fell by 9.34% in the decade 2001-2011. It is the only scheduled language apart from Urdu to have a negative growth rate in the decade. A very large number of Konkanis", "title": "Konkani language" }, { "id": "216180", "text": "peoples of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Nehru also championed secularism and religious harmony, increasing the representation of minorities in government. Nehru led the faction of the Congress party which promoted Hindi as the lingua-franca of the Indian nation. After an exhaustive and divisive debate with the non-Hindi speakers, Hindi was adopted as the official language of India in 1950 with English continuing as an associate official language for a period of fifteen years, after which Hindi would become the sole official language. Efforts by the Indian Government to make Hindi the sole official language after 1965 were not", "title": "Jawaharlal Nehru" }, { "id": "2489001", "text": "speakers is about 25% of the total Indian population; however, including dialects of Hindi termed as Hindi languages, the total is around 44% of Indians, mostly accounted from the states falling under the Hindi belt. Other Indian languages are each spoken by around 10% or less of the population. States specify their own official language(s) through legislation. The section of the Constitution of India dealing with official languages therefore includes detailed provisions which deal not just with the languages used for the official purposes of the union, but also with the languages that are to be used for the official", "title": "Languages with official status in India" }, { "id": "2943629", "text": "Punjabi has now become the fourth most spoken language after English, French and Chinese, due to the rapid growth of immigrants from Pakistan and India. There are also sizeable communities in the United States, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Persian Gulf countries, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand. Punjabis are an ethno-linguistic group with Indo-Aryan roots, and are culturally related to the other Indo-Aryan peoples of the Indian subcontinent. There are an estimated 102 million Punjabi speakers around the world. If regarded as an ethnic group, they are among the world's largest. In South Asia, they are the second largest", "title": "Punjabis" }, { "id": "2001901", "text": "the Perso-Arabic script. Modern standard Hindi has a lesser Persian influence and is written in the Devanagari script. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Indian English literature developed during the British Raj, pioneered by Rabindranath Tagore, Mulk Raj Anand and Munshi Premchand. In addition to Indo-European and Dravidian languages, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman languages are in use in India. The 2011 Linguistic Survey of India states that India has over 780 languages and 66 different scripts, with its state of Arunachal Pradesh with 90 languages. The Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa are the oldest preserved and well-known epics of India. Versions have", "title": "Culture of India" }, { "id": "16594086", "text": "other computations involving text. Indian languages form a very significant component of the languages landscape of the world. There are 4 streams of language typology operative in the Indian subcontinent- Indo European, Dravidian, Tibeto Burman and Austro Asiatic. Many languages rank within top 10 in the world in terms of the population speaking them, e.g., Hindi-Urdu 5th, Bangla 7th, Marathi 12th and so on as per the List of languages by number of native speakers. Creating wordnets of Indian languages is therefore a highly important techno-scientific and linguistic project. Such project indeed took off in 2000 with Hindi WordNet being", "title": "IndoWordNet" }, { "id": "9679656", "text": "large number of languages spoken in the country (415 are listed in the SIL Ethnologue). Variation between Indian languages has been noted for millennia: by Tolkāppiyar (Tamil) in his \"Tolkāppiyam\"(5 BCE);Yaska in his \"Nirutka\" (500 BCE); Patanjali (200 BCE); Bharata in his \"Natyasastra\" (500 CE);and Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak in his \"Ain-e-Akbari\" (16th century). The classification of languages, particularly with regard to regional differences and to so-called 'hybrid' languages, continued to progress during the 19th century. From 1881, language information was explicitly sought in the census, which found a total of 162 languages in the country (116 Indian languages and 46", "title": "Sociolinguistics research in India" }, { "id": "1951656", "text": "Until the Twenty-first Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1967, the country recognised 14 official regional languages. The Eighth Schedule and the Seventy-First Amendment provided for the inclusion of Sindhi, Konkani, Meitei and Nepali, thereby increasing the number of official regional languages of India to 18. The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India, as of 1 December 2007, lists 22 languages, which are given in the table below together with the speaking population and the regions where they are used. The individual states, the borders of most of which are or were drawn on socio-linguistic lines, can legislate", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "13432392", "text": "Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and the union territory of Chandigarh. Currently India publishes about 1,000 Hindi dailies that have a total circulation of about 80 million copies. English, the second language in terms of number of daily newspapers, has about 250 dailies with a circulation of about 40 million copies. Prominent Hindi newspapers include \"Dainik Jagran\", \"Dainik Bhaskar\", \"Amar Ujala\", \"Navbharat Times\", \"Hindustan Dainik\", \"Rajasthan Patrika\", Prabhasakshi and \"Nai Dunia\". In terms of readership, \"Dainik Jagran\" is the most popular Hindi daily, with a total readership (TR) of 54,583,000, according to IRS Round", "title": "Hindi media" }, { "id": "1951668", "text": "Indian region of Gujarat. Gujarati is part of the greater Indo-European language family. Gujarati is descended from Old Gujarati (c. 1100 – 1500 CE), the same source as that of Rajasthani. Gujarati is the chief language in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is also an official language in the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. According to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 4.5% of population of India (1.21 billion according to 2011 census) speaks Gujarati. This amounts to 54.6 million speakers in India. Kannada language is a Dravidian language which branched off from Kannada-Tamil", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "337771", "text": "Punjabi language Punjabi (; Gurmukhi: ; Shahmukhi: ) is an Indo-Aryan language with more than 100 million native speakers in the Indian subcontinent and spread with the Punjabi diaspora worldwide. It is the native language of the Punjabi people, an ethnic group of the cultural region of Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, which extends from northwest India through eastern Pakistan. As of 2015, Punjabi is the 10th most widely spoken language in the world. It is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan, the 11th most widely spoken language in India, and the third most-spoken native language in the", "title": "Punjabi language" } ]

[ "French victory" ]

[ { "id": "12390772", "text": "Edward induced the former to confiscate the latter's lands in France, and in turn prompted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne. Several overwhelming English victories in the war—especially at Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt—raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph, and convinced the English to continue pouring money and manpower into the war over many decades. However, the greater resources of the French monarchy prevented the English kings from ever completing the conquest of France. Starting in 1429, decisive French victories at Orléans, Patay, Formigny, and Castillon concluded the war in favour of the House of", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390768", "text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the French House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France. Each side drew many allies into the war. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe. The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline, and the development of", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "8520430", "text": "brother John, Duke of Bedford, brought the English to the height of their power in France, with an English king crowned in Paris. The second half of this phase of the war was dominated by the Kingdom of France. With charismatic leaders such as Joan of Arc and La Hire, and with England losing its main allies, the French forces counterattacked. Charles VII of France was crowned in Notre-Dame de Reims in 1429, and from then a slow but steady reconquest of English-held French territories ensued. Ultimately the English would be expelled from France and lose all of their continental", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)" }, { "id": "12390833", "text": "of France died two months later on 21 October 1422. Henry left an only child, his nine-month-old son, Henry, later to become Henry VI. On his deathbed, Henry V had given the Duke of Bedford responsibility for English France (as Henry VI was only an infant). The war in France continued under Bedford's generalship and several battles were won. The English won an emphatic victory at the Battle of Verneuil (17 August 1424). At the Battle of Baugé, Clarence had rushed into battle without the support of his archers. At Verneuil, the archers fought to devastating effect against the Franco-Scottish", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390850", "text": "through difficult or boggy terrain where heavier cavalry would struggle. Rather than fight while seated on the horse, they would dismount to engage the enemy. <br> Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the French House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France. Each side drew many allies into the war. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390795", "text": "The English fleet deceived the French into believing they were withdrawing. When the wind turned in the late afternoon, the English attacked with the wind and sun behind them. The French fleet was almost completely destroyed in what became known as the Battle of Sluys. England dominated the English Channel for the rest of the war, preventing French invasions. At this point, Edward's funds ran out and the war probably would have ended were it not for the death of the Duke of Brittany precipitating a succession dispute between the duke's half brother John of Montfort and Charles of Blois,", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "8520429", "text": "of Agincourt, coupled with divisions among the French ruling class, allowed the English to gain control of large parts of France. In 1420, the Treaty of Troyes was signed, by which the English king married the French princess Catherine and was made regent of the kingdom and heir to the throne of France. A victory on paper was thus achieved by the English, with their claims now having legal standing. Some of the French nobility refused to recognize the agreement, however, and so military subjugation was still necessary to enforce its provisions. King Henry V and, after his death, his", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)" }, { "id": "8209806", "text": "Death, England and France went to war in what would become known as the Hundred Years' War. The exact boundaries changed greatly with time, but French landholdings of the English Kings remained extensive for decades. With charismatic leaders, such as Joan of Arc and La Hire, strong French counterattacks won back English continental territories. Like the rest of Europe, France was struck by the Black Death; half of the 17 million population of France died. The French Renaissance saw a spectacular cultural development and the first standardisation of the French language, which would become the official language of France and", "title": "France" }, { "id": "12390815", "text": "treaty at Brétigny left Edward III and England with enlarged holdings in France; however, a small professional French army under the leadership of du Guesclin pushed the English back and, by the time of Charles V's death in 1380, the English only held Calais and a few other coastal cities. It was usual to appoint a regent in the case of a child monarch, but no regent was appointed for Richard II, who nominally exercised the power of kingship from the date of his accession in 1377. However, between 1377 and 1380, actual power was in the hands of a", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "4640205", "text": "Hundred Years' War (1337–1360) The Edwardian War was the first phase of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. It was named after King Edward III of England, who claimed the French throne in defiance of King Philip VI of France. The dynastic conflict was caused by disputes over the French feudal sovereignty over Aquitaine and the English claims over the French royal title. The Kingdom of England and its allies dominated this phase of the war. Edward had inherited the duchy of Aquitaine, and as Duke of Aquitaine he was a vassal to Philip VI of France. Edward", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1337–1360)" }, { "id": "12390819", "text": "Charles V had abolished many of these taxes on his deathbed, but subsequent attempts to reinstate them stirred up hostility between the French government and populace. Difficulties in raising taxes and revenue hampered the ability of the French to fight the English. At this point, the war's pace had largely slowed down, and both nations found themselves fighting mainly through proxy wars, such as during the 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum. The independence party in the Kingdom of Portugal, which was supported by the English, won against the supporters of the King of Castile's claim to the Portuguese throne, who in turn", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "8487868", "text": "Hundred Years' War (1369–89) The Caroline War was the second phase of the Hundred Years' War between France and England, following the Edwardian War. It was so-named after Charles V of France, who resumed the war nine years after the Treaty of Brétigny (signed 1360). The Kingdom of France dominated this phase of the war. The Black Prince, eldest son and heir of Edward III of England, spent a huge sum of money in order to restore Peter the Cruel to the throne of Castile. The Castilian King was unable to repay him, however, so the Black Prince raised the", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1369–89)" }, { "id": "12390783", "text": "legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in taking control of much of the Angevin continental possessions. Following John's reign, the Battle of Bouvines (1214), the Saintonge War (1242), and finally the War of Saint-Sardos (1324), the English king's holdings on the continent, as Duke of Aquitaine (Guyenne), were limited roughly to provinces in Gascony. The dispute over Guyenne is even more important than the dynastic question in explaining the outbreak of the war. Guyenne posed a significant problem to the kings of France and England: Edward III was a vassal of Philip VI of France because of his", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "16268303", "text": "a dynastic struggle between the House of Plantagenet and the House of Valois for control of the French throne. The conflict, known as the Hundred Years War, dragged on for decades. England won several famous military victories, but was unable to fully overcome French resistance. Yet in the aftermath of the Battle of Agincourt, Henry V of England, great-grandson of Edward III, became the heir to the French throne in accordance to the Treaty of Troyes. He would marry Catherine, daughter of King Charles VI of France, while Charles' son, the Dauphin Charles was declared illegitimate and disinherited. Yet Henry", "title": "Succession to the French throne" }, { "id": "12390840", "text": "family (the future Arthur III, Duke of Brittany), caught an English army attempting to relieve Caen and defeated it at the Battle of Formigny. Richemont's force attacked the English army from the flank and rear just as they were on the verge of beating Clermont's army. After Charles VII's successful Normandy campaign in 1450, he concentrated his efforts on Gascony, the last province held by the English. Bordeaux, Gascony's capital, was besieged and surrendered to the French on 30 June 1451. Largely due to the English sympathies of the Gascon people, this was reversed when John Talbot and his army", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390771", "text": "of the deceased king. Isabella claimed the throne of France for her son, but the French rejected it, maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right she did not possess. Furthermore, political sentiment favoured a Frenchman for the crown rather than a foreign prince. The throne passed instead to Philip, Count of Valois, a patrilineal cousin of Charles IV, who would become Philip VI of France, the first king of the House of Valois. The English had not expected their claim to meet with success, and did not press the matter when it was denied. However, disagreements between Philip and", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "8520431", "text": "territories, except the Pale of Calais (which would be captured in 1558). The Battle of Castillon (1453) was the final action of the Hundred Years' War, but France and England remained formally at war until the Treaty of Picquigny in 1475. English, and later British monarchs would continue to nominally claim the French throne until 1801, though they would never again seriously pursue it. Henry V of England asserted a claim of inheritance through the female line, with female agency and inheritance recognized in English law but prohibited in France by the Salic law of the Salian Franks. He thus", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)" }, { "id": "12390844", "text": "of instability that had started with the Norman Conquest (1066), when William the Conqueror added \"King of England\" to his titles, becoming both the vassal to (as Duke of Normandy) and the equal of (as king of England) the king of France. When the war ended, England was bereft of its Continental possessions, leaving it with only Calais on the continent. The war destroyed the English dream of a joint monarchy and led to the rejection in England of all things French, but the French language in England, which had served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390843", "text": "Louis XI. Louis managed to isolate the Burgundians by buying Edward IV of England off with a large cash sum and an annual pension, in the Treaty of Picquigny (1475). The treaty formally ended the Hundred Years' War with Edward renouncing his claim to the throne of France. However, future Kings of England (and later of Great Britain) continued to claim the title until 1803, when they were dropped in deference to the exiled Count of Provence, titular King Louis XVIII, who was living in England after the French Revolution. The French victory marked the end of a long period", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390827", "text": "Henry accredited envoys to the French king to make clear his territorial claims in France; he also demanded the hand of Charles VI's youngest daughter Catherine of Valois. The French rejected his demands, leading Henry to prepare for war. In August 1415, Henry V sailed from England with a force of about 10,500 and laid siege to Harfleur. The city resisted for longer than expected, but finally surrendered on 22 September 1415. Because of the unexpected delay, most of the campaign season was gone. Rather than march on Paris directly, Henry elected to make a raiding expedition across France toward", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "8487870", "text": "Brétigny, Edward III renounced his claim to the French throne in exchange for the duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty. Between the nine years of formal peace between the two kingdoms, the English and French clashed in Brittany and Castile. In the War of the Breton Succession, the English backed the heir male, the House of Montfort (a cadet of the House of Dreux, itself a cadet of the Capetian dynasty) while the French backed the heir general, the House of Blois. Since Brittany allowed female succession, the French considered the Blois side to be the rightful heir. The war", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1369–89)" }, { "id": "12390812", "text": "burned Gravesend, while the Londoners watched the flames from a distance. In August 1373, John of Gaunt, accompanied by John de Montfort, Duke of Brittany led a force of 9,000 men out from Calais on a major chevauchée. While initially successful as French forces were insufficiently concentrated to oppose them, the English began to meet further resistance as they moved south. French forces began to concentrate around the English force but, under specific orders from King Charles V, the French avoided a set battle. Instead, they fell on forces detached from the main body to raid or forage. The French", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "5038883", "text": "the Dauphin was crowned as King Charles VII of France on 17 July. Battle of Patay The Battle of Patay (18 June 1429) was the culminating engagement of the Loire Campaign of the Hundred Years' War between the French and English in north-central France. It was a decisive victory for the French and with heavy losses inflicted on the corps of veteran English longbowmen. This victory was to the French what Agincourt was to the English. Although credited to Joan of Arc, most of the fighting was done by the vanguard of the French army as English units fled, and", "title": "Battle of Patay" }, { "id": "17137790", "text": "and taken to England for ransom. The Treaty of Brétigny was signed ceding nearly a third of France to Edward. England became rich through ransom and plunder of nobles land, buoyed on by their astonishing victories including the Battle of Agincourt. France had no king, English freebooters led by knights ravaged the countryside. In 1364 John died and was succeeded by his eldest son Charles V determined to expel the English. Charles declares the Treaty of Brétigny void and appointed Bertrand du Guesclin knowing he would forgo any chivalric tradition to conduct a guerrilla war. Charles also gained control of", "title": "Chivalry and Betrayal: The Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390807", "text": "after the dauphin's accession and three days before his coronation as Charles V, the Navarrese suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Cocherel. In 1366 there was a civil war of succession in Castile (part of modern Spain). The forces of the ruler Peter of Castile were pitched against those of his half-brother Henry of Trastámara. The English crown supported Peter; the French supported Henry. French forces were led by Bertrand du Guesclin, a Breton, who rose from relatively humble beginnings to prominence as one of France's war leaders. Charles V provided a force of 12,000, with du Guesclin", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "4640206", "text": "initially accepted the succession of Philip, but the relationship between the two kings soured when Philip allied with Edward's enemy, King David II of Scotland. Edward in turn provided refuge to Robert III of Artois, a French fugitive. When Edward refused to obey Philip's demands for the expulsion of Robert from England, Philip confiscated the duchy of Aquitaine. This precipitated war, and soon, in 1340, Edward declared himself king of France. Edward III and his son Edward the Black Prince, led their armies on a largely successful campaign across France with notable victories at Auberoche (1345), Crécy (1346), Calais (1347)", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1337–1360)" }, { "id": "4857456", "text": "War of Saint-Sardos The War of Saint-Sardos was a short war fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France in 1324. The war was a clear defeat for the English, and led indirectly to the overthrowing of Edward II of England. The war can also be seen as one of the precursors of the Hundred Years' War. During the reign of King Philip IV of France and his sons, France's monarchy gradually expanded its authority, as the power of the king grew at the expense of the nobles. One of the chief tools in this process was", "title": "War of Saint-Sardos" }, { "id": "8487880", "text": "of Bordeaux succeeded to the throne of England. It was not until Richard had been deposed by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke that the English, under the House of Lancaster, could forcefully revive their claim to the French throne. The war nonetheless continued until the first of a series of truces was signed in 1389. Charles V died in September 1380 and was succeeded by his underage son, Charles VI, who was placed under the joint regency of his three uncles. With his successes, Charles may have believed that the end of the war was at hand. On his deathbed Charles", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1369–89)" }, { "id": "4640259", "text": "and within a week they had agreed to a draft treaty. The Treaty of Brétigny was later ratified by the two kings John and Edward as the Treaty of Calais on 24 October 1360. Under the terms of the treaty Edward agreed to renounce the French crown. In return he obtained full sovereign rights over an expanded Aquitaine and Calais. Hundred Years' War (1337–1360) The Edwardian War was the first phase of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. It was named after King Edward III of England, who claimed the French throne in defiance of King Philip VI", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1337–1360)" }, { "id": "5038876", "text": "Battle of Patay The Battle of Patay (18 June 1429) was the culminating engagement of the Loire Campaign of the Hundred Years' War between the French and English in north-central France. It was a decisive victory for the French and with heavy losses inflicted on the corps of veteran English longbowmen. This victory was to the French what Agincourt was to the English. Although credited to Joan of Arc, most of the fighting was done by the vanguard of the French army as English units fled, and the main portions of the French army (including Joan herself) were unable to", "title": "Battle of Patay" }, { "id": "8520433", "text": "V pacified the realm by conciliating the remaining enemies of the House of Lancaster, and suppressing the heresy of the Lollards. In 1415, Henry V invaded France and captured Harfleur. Decimated by diseases, Henry's army marched to Calais to withdraw from the French campaign. French forces harassed the English, but refrained from making an open battle while amassing their numbers. The French finally gave battle at Agincourt, which proved to be the third great English victory and an overwhelming disaster for the French. The Armagnac and Burgundian factions of the French court began negotiations to unite against the foreign enemy.", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)" }, { "id": "13535456", "text": "kite shaped shields. The Hundred Years' War was a series of big and small wars fought between France and England from 1337 to 1453. In the year 1337, the French King Philip VI demanded that the provinces under the English rule, Gascony and Guyenne be given back to the French. However, English king, Edward III denied this demand which led to a war between the two. The English had their eyes on the wool industry in Flanders, moreover they had a stable government and efficient soldiers ready to fight the French. During this period, most of the Europeans armies relied", "title": "History of weapons" }, { "id": "182479", "text": "of England, the Plantagenet claimant to the French throne. Despite early Plantagenet victories, including the capture and ransom of John II of France, fortunes turned in favor of the Valois later in the war. Among the notable figures of the war was Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl who led French forces against the English, establishing herself as a national heroine. The war ended with a Valois victory in 1453. Victory in the Hundred Years' War had the effect of strengthening French nationalism and vastly increasing the power and reach of the French monarchy. During the period known as", "title": "History of France" }, { "id": "12390826", "text": "French responded in kind and French pirates, under Scottish protection, raided many English coastal towns. The domestic and dynastic difficulties faced by England and France in this period quieted the war for a decade. Henry IV of England died in 1413 and was replaced by his eldest son Henry V. The mental illness of Charles VI of France allowed his power to be exercised by royal princes whose rivalries caused deep divisions in France. Henry V was well aware of these divisions and hoped to exploit them. In 1414 while he held court at Leicester, he received ambassadors from Burgundy.", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390818", "text": "Charles VI succeeded his father as king of France at the age of 11, and he was thus put under a regency led by his uncles, who managed to maintain an effective grip on government affairs until about 1388, well after Charles had achieved royal majority. With France facing widespread destruction, plague, and economic recession, high taxation put a heavy burden on the French peasantry and urban communities. The war effort against England largely depended on royal taxation, but the population was increasingly unwilling to pay for it, as would be demonstrated at the Harelle and Maillotin revolts in 1382.", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "8487871", "text": "began in 1341, but the English continued backing the Montforts even after the Peace of Brétigny. The English-supported claimant John of Montfort defeated and killed the French claimant, Charles of Blois, at the Battle of Auray in 1364. By that time, however, Edward III no longer had a claim to the throne of France, so John had to accept the suzerainty of the French king in order to hold his duchy in peace. Thus, the English derived no benefit from their victory. In fact, the French received the benefit of improved generalship in the person of the Breton commander Bertrand", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1369–89)" }, { "id": "7308991", "text": "million people – up to a third of Europe's population – died from the plague before it receded. The plague periodically returned over coming centuries. The last centuries of the Middle Ages saw the waging of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. The war began in 1337 when the king of France laid claim to English-ruled Gascony in southern France, and the king of England claimed to be the rightful king of France. At first, the English conquered half of France and seemed likely to win the war, until the French were rallied by a peasant girl, who", "title": "History of Western civilization" }, { "id": "8487875", "text": "had been imperfect. In consequence, the King of France retained his suzerainty over Aquitaine. Charles V summoned the Black Prince to answer the complaints of his vassals but Edward refused. The Caroline phase of the Hundred Years' War began. Charles V resumed the war in favorable conditions. France, after all, was still the foremost kingdom in Western Europe; England had also lost its most capable military leaders — Edward III was too old, while the Black Prince was languishing in sickness. Just before New Year's Day 1370, the English seneschal of Poitou, John Chandos, was killed at the bridge at", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1369–89)" }, { "id": "6893507", "text": "style until 1 January 1801 ( after the Battle of Castillon). Timeline of the Hundred Years' War This is a timeline of the Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337 to 1453 as well as some of the events leading up to the war. (The Hundred Years' War actually spanned for 116 years.) The Battle of Castillon is generally considered the end of the Hundred Years' War as Henry VI's insanity and the Wars of the Roses left England in no position to wage war in France. However Calais remained an English possession until 1558 and the title", "title": "Timeline of the Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390774", "text": "of these events, thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history. The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors. By its end, feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops, and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies. Although primarily a dynastic conflict, the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism. The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated, and artillery became important. The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "8487877", "text": "fought, Auray (1364) and Nájera (1367), he was on the losing side and was captured but released for ransom. The English response to du Guesclin was to launch a series of destructive military expeditions, called chevauchées, in an effort at total war to destroy the countryside and the productivity of the land. But du Guesclin refused to be drawn into open battle. He continued his successful command of the French armies until his death in 1380. In 1372, English command of the sea, which had been kept since the Battle of Sluys, came to an end at La Rochelle. An", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1369–89)" }, { "id": "12390838", "text": "the duke of Beaufort was mediator, the English were unrealistic in their demands. A few days after the congress ended in September, Philip III, duke of Burgundy, deserted to Charles VII, signing the Treaty of Arras that returned Paris to the King of France. This was a major blow to English sovereignty in France. The Duke of Bedford died on 14 September 1435 and was later replaced by Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York. The allegiance of Burgundy remained fickle, but the English focus on expanding their domains in the Low Countries left them little energy to intervene in the", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "15806313", "text": "William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, conquered England, making the Duchy a Crown land of the English throne. Through the remainder of the Middle Ages the kings of England held extensive territories in France, based on their history in this Duchy. Under the Angevin Empire, England formed part of a collection of lands in the British Isles and France held by the Plantagenet dynasty. The collapse of this dynasty led to the Hundred Years' War between England and France. At the outset of the war the Kings of England ruled almost all of France, but by the end of it", "title": "English overseas possessions" }, { "id": "6893506", "text": "Timeline of the Hundred Years' War This is a timeline of the Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337 to 1453 as well as some of the events leading up to the war. (The Hundred Years' War actually spanned for 116 years.) The Battle of Castillon is generally considered the end of the Hundred Years' War as Henry VI's insanity and the Wars of the Roses left England in no position to wage war in France. However Calais remained an English possession until 1558 and the title of King of France was not omitted from the English royal", "title": "Timeline of the Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "4820345", "text": "Edward paid homage to Phillip as Duke of Aquitaine. In 1337 Phillip confiscated Aquitaine and Ponthieu from Edward alleging he was harbouring Phillip's fugitive cousin and enemy, Robert of Artois. In response, Edward proclaimed himself king of France to encourage the Flemish to rise in open rebellion against the French king. The conflict, later known as the Hundred Years' War, included a significant English naval victory at the Battle of Sluys, and a victory on land at Crécy, leaving Edward free to capture the important port of Calais. A subsequent victory against Scotland at the Battle of Neville's Cross resulted", "title": "House of Plantagenet" }, { "id": "17137796", "text": "France as Charles VI outlived him by seven weeks. Henry's heir to the two thrones was his nine-month-old son Henry VI and Henry's brothers would act as Regents. John, Duke of Bedford became Regent of France and continued the war and maintained the peace with the Burgundians. The Dauphin, desperate for a victory discovered the 17-year-old peasant girl, Joan of Arc, sent by God to rid France of the English and using her to head and inspire an army defeat the English at Orleans. Inspired by the God sent Joan the French made inroads into English territory and the Dauphin", "title": "Chivalry and Betrayal: The Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "18772539", "text": "Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry The Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry is a series of conflicts and disputes that covers a period of 100 years (1159-1259), during which the House of Capet, rulers of the Kingdom of France, fought against the House of Plantagenet also known as the House of Anjou, rulers of the Kingdom of England in order to suppress the growing power of the Plantagenet-controlled Angevin Empire. This conflict is also called by some historians, the \"First Hundred Years War.\" During this period, the English king's continental possessions were considered more important than his island possessions, and significantly greater than even those of the", "title": "Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry" }, { "id": "12390845", "text": "there from the time of the Norman conquest, left many vestiges in English vocabulary. English became the official language in 1362 and French was no longer used for teaching from 1385. National feeling that emerged from the war unified both France and England further. Despite the devastation on its soil, the Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralised state. In England the political and financial troubles which emerged from the defeat were a major cause of the War of the Roses (1455–1487). Lowe (1997) argued that opposition to the war helped", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "714151", "text": "lifting of the siege and V-E Day (Victory in Europe, the day that Nazi Germany surrendered to the Allies to end World War II in Europe.) <br> Siege of Orléans The Siege of Orléans (12 October 1428 – 8 May 1429) was the watershed of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. It was the French royal army's first major military victory to follow the crushing defeat at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, and also the first while Joan of Arc was with the army. The siege took place at the pinnacle of English power during the later", "title": "Siege of Orléans" }, { "id": "8487878", "text": "English fleet carrying supplies and reinforcements for the English forces in Aquitaine was destroyed by the Castilians who had cannon and who sprayed oil on the decks of the English ships and then fired flaming arrows to ignite it. This defeat undermined English seaborne trade and supplies and isolated their Gascon possessions. The Treaty of Bruges was a treaty signed in 1375 between France and England in Bruges, present-day Belgium. The conference leading to the treaty was called at the instigation of Pope Gregory XI. France was represented in the negotiations by Philip II, Duke of Burgundy and England by", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1369–89)" }, { "id": "2327102", "text": "as several civil wars. The French population suffered much from these wars. In 1420 by the Treaty of Troyes Henry V was made heir to Charles VI. Henry V failed to outlive Charles so it was Henry VI of England and France who consolidated the Dual-Monarchy of England and France. It has been argued that the difficult conditions the French population suffered during the Hundred Years' War awakened French nationalism, a nationalism represented by Joan of Arc (1412–1431). Although this is debatable, the Hundred Years' War is remembered more as a Franco-English war than as a succession of feudal struggles.", "title": "France in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "4640207", "text": "and La Roche-Derrien (1347). Hostilities were paused in the mid-1350s for the deprivations of the Black Death. Then war continued, and the English were victorious at the Battle of Poitiers (1356) where the French king, John II, was captured and held for ransom. The Truce of Bordeaux was signed in 1357 and was followed by two treaties in London in 1358 and 1359. After the treaties of London failed Edward launched the Rheims campaign which, though largely unsuccessful, led to the Treaty of Brétigny which settled certain lands in France on Edward for renouncing his claim to the French throne.", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1337–1360)" }, { "id": "12390835", "text": "She raised the morale of the troops, and they attacked the English redoubts, forcing the English to lift the siege. Inspired by Joan, the French took several English strongholds on the Loire. The English retreated from the Loire Valley, pursued by a French army. Near the village of Patay, French cavalry broke through a unit of English longbowmen that had been sent to block the road, then swept through the retreating English army. The English lost 2,200 men, and the commander, John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, was taken prisoner. This victory opened the way for the Dauphin to march", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390780", "text": "and paid him homage for his French fiefs. He made concessions in Guyenne, but reserved the right to reclaim territories arbitrarily confiscated. After that, he expected to be left undisturbed while he made war on Scotland. Tensions between the French and English monarchies can be traced back to the 1066 Norman conquest of England, in which the English throne was seized by the Duke of Normandy, a vassal of the King of France. As a result, the crown of England was held by a succession of nobles who already owned lands in France, which put them among the most powerful", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390782", "text": "Henry, the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Empress Matilda and great-grandson of William the Conqueror, became the first of the Angevin kings of England in 1154 as Henry II. The Angevin kings directly ruled over more French territory than the kings of France. However, they still owed homage for these territories to the French king. From the 11th century onward, the Angevins had autonomy within their French domains, effectively neutralising the issue. King John of England inherited the Angevin domains from his brother Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of John, both", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390784", "text": "French possessions and was required to recognise the suzerainty of the King of France over them. In practical terms, a judgment in Guyenne might be subject to an appeal to the French royal court. The King of France had the power to revoke all legal decisions made by the King of England in Aquitaine, which was unacceptable to the English. Therefore, sovereignty over Guyenne was a latent conflict between the two monarchies for several generations. During the War of Saint-Sardos, Charles of Valois, father of Philip VI, invaded Aquitaine on behalf of Charles IV and conquered the duchy after a", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "2327098", "text": "between England and the Flemish cloth towns, led to the Hundred Years' War of 1337–1453. The following century was to see devastating warfare and peasant revolts (the English peasants' revolt of 1381 and the \"Jacquerie\" of 1358 in France). French losses in the first phase of the conflict (1337–60) were partly reversed in the second (1369–96); but Henry V's shattering victory at the battle of Agincourt in 1415 against a France now bitterly divided between rival Armagnac and Burgundian factions of the royal house was to lead to his son Henry VI's recognition as king in Paris seven years later", "title": "France in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "714098", "text": "Siege of Orléans The Siege of Orléans (12 October 1428 – 8 May 1429) was the watershed of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. It was the French royal army's first major military victory to follow the crushing defeat at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, and also the first while Joan of Arc was with the army. The siege took place at the pinnacle of English power during the later stages of the war. The city held strategic and symbolic significance to both sides of the conflict. The consensus among contemporaries was that the English regent, John", "title": "Siege of Orléans" }, { "id": "4640209", "text": "as only men could be monarch. An assembly of the French aristocracy decided that the nearest heir through male ancestry was Charles IV's first cousin, Philip, Count of Valois, and that he should be crowned Philip VI. The establishment of a legal succession to the French crown was central to the war and Edward III and succeeding generations of English monarchs laid claim to it. After some initial reluctance, the seventeen-year-old Edward III (in his capacity as duke of Aquitaine) paid homage to Philip VI in 1329. Gascony formed the ancestral core of English, which had been incorporated into Aquitaine.", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1337–1360)" }, { "id": "13292923", "text": "in France; the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) escalated, and the conflict between the two nations reached its peak in an intermittent series of belligerent phases, with each phase usually ending with a temporary truce lasting for a few years. In the first phase Edward III won some extraordinary victories against the French, most notably at Crécy and Sluys. His son Edward, the Black Prince also captured the French king John II at the battle of Poitiers in 1356, and routed the French army. The year 1360 marked the end of the first phase and an opportunity for peace. In the", "title": "Dual monarchy of England and France" }, { "id": "12390828", "text": "English-occupied Calais. In a campaign reminiscent of Crécy, he found himself outmanoeuvred and low on supplies and had to fight a much larger French army at the Battle of Agincourt, north of the Somme. Despite the problems and having a smaller force, his victory was near-total; the French defeat was catastrophic, costing the lives of many of the Armagnac leaders. About 40% of the French nobility was killed. Henry was apparently concerned that the large number of prisoners taken were a security risk (there were more French prisoners than there were soldiers in the entire English army) and he ordered", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "7215223", "text": "the English language. In the medieval period, the countries were often bitter enemies, with both nations' monarchs claiming control over France. The Hundred Years' War stretched from 1337 to 1453 resulting in French victory. Britain and France fought a series of five major wars, culminating in the Coalition victory over Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815. After that there were some tensions, especially after 1880 over such issues as the Suez Canal and rivalry for African colonies. Despite some brief war scares, peace always prevailed. Friendly ties between the two began with the 1904 Entente Cordiale, particularly via the alliances in", "title": "France–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "12390770", "text": "power, stripping away lands as the opportunity arose, particularly whenever England was at war with Scotland, an ally of France. Over the centuries, English holdings in France had varied in size, at some points dwarfing even the French royal domain; by 1337, however, only Gascony was left to the English. In 1316, a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne (later retroactively attributed to the ancient Salic law). In 1328, Charles IV of France died without sons or brothers. His closest male relative was his nephew Edward III of England, whose mother, Isabella of France, was sister", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390800", "text": "1355, after the plague had passed and England was able to recover financially, King Edward's son and namesake, the Prince of Wales, later known as the Black Prince, led a Chevauchée from Gascony into France, during which he pillaged Avignonet and Castelnaudary, sacked Carcassonne, and plundered Narbonne. The next year during another Chevauchée he ravaged Auvergne, Limousin, and Berry but failed to take Bourges. He offered terms of peace to King John II of France (known as John the Good), who had outflanked him near Poitiers, but refused to surrender himself as the price of their acceptance. This led to", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "8520445", "text": "1450 the Count of Clermont and Arthur de Richemont, Earl of Richmond, of the Montfort family (the future Arthur III, Duke of Brittany) caught an English army attempting to relieve Caen at the Battle of Formigny and defeated it. The English army was attacked from the flank and rear by Richemont's force just as they were on the verge of beating Clermont's army. The French proceeded to capture Caen on July 6 and Bordeaux and Bayonne in 1451. The attempt by Talbot to retake Guyenne, though initially welcomed by the locals, was crushed by Jean Bureau and his cannons at", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)" }, { "id": "8520438", "text": "and II of France. The Armagnacs did not acknowledge Henry and remained loyal to Charles VI's son, the dauphin Charles. The war thus continued in central France. In 1423, the Earl of Salisbury completely defeated another Franco-Scottish force at Cravant on the banks of the Yonne river. He personally led the crossing of the river, successfully assaulting a very strong enemy position, and in the resulting battle the Scots took very heavy losses. The same year saw a French victory at the Battle of La Brossinière. In the following year, Bedford won what has been described as a \"second Agincourt\"", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)" }, { "id": "8520441", "text": "defended cities in Europe, with more cannons than the English. One of these cannons managed to kill the English commander, the Earl of Salisbury. The English force maintained several small fortresses around the city, concentrated in areas where the French could move supplies into the city. In 1429, Joan of Arc convinced the Dauphin to send her to the siege, saying she had received visions from God telling her to drive out the English. She raised the morale of the local troops and they attacked the English redoubts, forcing the English to lift the siege. At the same time the", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)" }, { "id": "12390804", "text": "causing over 1,000 English deaths – the so-called Black Monday on Easter 1360. This devastated Edward's army and forced him to negotiate when approached by the French. A conference was held at Brétigny that resulted in the Treaty of Brétigny (8 May 1360). The treaty was ratified at Calais in October. In return for increased lands in Aquitaine, Edward renounced Normandy, Touraine, Anjou and Maine and consented to reduce King John's ransom by a million crowns. Edward also abandoned his claim to the crown of France. The French king, John II, had been held captive in England. The Treaty of", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390842", "text": "considered the last battle of the Hundred Years' War, England and France remained formally at war for another 20 years, but the English were in no position to carry on the war as they faced unrest at home. Following defeat in the Hundred Years' War, English landowners complained vociferously about the financial losses resulting from the loss of their continental holdings; this is often considered a major cause of the Wars of the Roses, that started in 1455. The Hundred Years' War almost resumed in 1474, when the duke Charles of Burgundy, counting on English support, took up arms against", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "182527", "text": "French nationalism, a nationalism represented by Joan of Arc (1412–1431). Although this is debatable, the Hundred Years' War is remembered more as a Franco-English war than as a succession of feudal struggles. During this war, France evolved politically and militarily. Although a Franco-Scottish army was successful at the Battle of Baugé (1421), the humiliating defeats of Poitiers (1356) and Agincourt (1415) forced the French nobility to realise they could not stand just as armoured knights without an organised army. Charles VII (reigned 1422–61) established the first French standing army, the Compagnies d'ordonnance, and defeated the Plantagenets once at Patay (1429)", "title": "History of France" }, { "id": "8520442", "text": "French king had updated and enhanced his army and took advantage of the lack of common goal between allies. Inspired by Joan, the French took several English strong points on the Loire and then broke through English archers at Patay commanded by John Fastolf and John Talbot. This victory helped Joan to convince the Dauphin to march to Reims for his coronation as Charles VII. Although a number of other cities were opened to Charles in the march to Reims and after, Joan never managed to capture Paris, equally well defended as Orléans. She was captured during the siege of", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)" }, { "id": "17137788", "text": "Poitiers, Agincourt, Mont Saint Michel, Carcassonne, Saint Denis, Tower of London, Gloucester Cathedral, St. Gregory’s with St. Peter’s Church in Sudbury, Suffolk, The National Archives (United Kingdom) and the National Library of Wales. Edward III of England believed he had a right to the Kingdom of France and not as a vassal of his cousin Philip VI. Philip confiscated the English lands in France and Edward takes an army and lands in Normandy sacking Caen. Philip gathers an even larger force and follows Edward to Crécy and in the ensuing battle the low-born archers of England defeated the knights and", "title": "Chivalry and Betrayal: The Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390779", "text": "and her lover Roger Mortimer, who were widely suspected of having murdered the previous English king, Edward II. The assemblies of the French barons and prelates and the University of Paris decided that males who derive their right to inheritance through their mother should be excluded. Thus the nearest heir through male ancestry was Charles IV's first cousin, Philip, Count of Valois, and it was decided that he should be crowned Philip VI. In 1340 the Avignon papacy confirmed that under Salic law males should not be able to inherit through their mothers. Eventually, Edward III reluctantly recognized Philip VI", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "4640228", "text": "in what became known as the Battle of Sluys. England dominated the English Channel for the rest of the war, preventing French invasions. In spring 1340, Philip VI had planned to smash the anti-French coalition by attacking Edward III's allies. French forces invaded Hainaut in May. But when news reached him about the disaster at Sluys, he turned his attention to counter the new threat. Edward III split his army in two. The first, led by Robert of Artois invaded the province of Artois. But in a battle with the garrison of Saint-Omer 26 June, most of this army was", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1337–1360)" }, { "id": "12390836", "text": "to Reims for his coronation as Charles VII, on 16 July 1429. After the coronation, Charles VII's army fared less well. An attempted French siege of Paris was defeated on 8 September 1429, and Charles VII withdrew to the Loire Valley. Henry VI was crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey on 5 November 1429 and king of France at Notre-Dame, in Paris, on 16 December 1431. Joan of Arc was captured by the Burgundians at the siege of Compiègne on 23 May 1430. The Burgundians transferred her to the English, who organised a trial headed by Pierre Cauchon, Bishop", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "2433974", "text": "language, continued to be spoken by the majority of the population of Wales for at least another 500 years, and is still a majority language in parts of the country. Edward III was the first English king to have a claim to the throne of France. His pursuit of the claim resulted in the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), which pitted five kings of England of the House of Plantagenet against five kings of France of the Capetian House of Valois. Extensive naval raiding was carried out by all sides during the war, often involving privateers such as John Hawley of", "title": "Kingdom of England" }, { "id": "7215243", "text": "identity, while the French united politically. Several of the most famous Anglo-French battles took place during the Hundred Years' War: Crécy, Poitiers, Agincourt, Orléans, Patay, Formigny and Castillon. The English under King Henry VIII invaded and defeated France in 1544-46. Major sources of French pride stemmed from their leadership during the war. Bertrand du Guesclin was a brilliant tactician who forced the English out of the lands they had procured at the Treaty of Brétigny, a compromising treaty that most Frenchmen saw as a humiliation. Joan of Arc was another unifying figure who to this day represents a combination of", "title": "France–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "6033259", "text": "a part of France. Initially, West Frankish kings were elected by the secular and ecclesiastic magnates, but the regular coronation of the eldest son of the reigning king during his father's lifetime established the principle of male primogeniture, which became codified in the Salic law. During the Late Middle Ages, the Kings of England laid claim to the French throne, resulting in a series of conflicts known as the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453). Subsequently, France sought to extend its influence into Italy, but was defeated by Spain in the ensuing Italian Wars (1494–1559). France in the early modern era was", "title": "Kingdom of France" }, { "id": "12390781", "text": "subjects of the French king, as they could now draw upon the economic power of England to enforce their interests in the mainland. To the kings of France, this dangerously threatened their royal authority, and so they would constantly try to undermine English rule in France, while the English monarchs would struggle to protect and expand their lands. This clash of interests was the root cause of much of the conflict between the French and English monarchies throughout the medieval era. The Anglo-Norman dynasty that had ruled England since the Norman conquest of 1066 was brought to an end when", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390810", "text": "lord and the Black Prince to hear the case in his High Court in Paris. The Black Prince answered that he would go to Paris with sixty thousand men behind him. War broke out again and Edward III resumed the title of King of France. Charles V declared that all the English possessions in France were forfeited, and before the end of 1369 all of Aquitaine was in full revolt. With the Black Prince gone from Castile, Henry de Trastámara led a second invasion that ended with Peter's death at the Battle of Montiel in March 1369. The new Castilian", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390829", "text": "their deaths. Henry retook much of Normandy, including Caen in 1417, and Rouen on 19 January 1419, turning Normandy English for the first time in two centuries. A formal alliance was made with the Duchy of Burgundy, which had taken Paris after the assassination of Duke John the Fearless in 1419. In 1420, Henry met with King Charles VI. They signed the Treaty of Troyes, by which Henry finally married Charles' daughter Catherine of Valois and Henry's heirs would inherit the throne of France. The Dauphin, Charles VII, was declared illegitimate. Henry formally entered Paris later that year and the", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390777", "text": "of Burgundy, had been exposed as an adulterer in the Tour de Nesle affair. Philip, Count of Poitiers, brother of Louis X, positioned himself to take the crown, advancing the stance that women should be ineligible to succeed to the French throne. Through his political sagacity he won over his adversaries and succeeded to the French throne as Philip V. By the same law that he procured, his daughters were denied the succession, which passed to his younger brother, Charles IV, in 1322. Charles IV died in 1328, leaving a daughter and a pregnant wife. If the unborn child was", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390769", "text": "strong national identities in both countries. Tensions between the crowns of France and England can be traced back to the origins of the English royal family itself, which was French (Norman, and later, Angevin) in origin. For this reason, English monarchs had historically held not only the English crown, but also titles and lands within France, the possession of which made them vassals to the kings of France. The status of the English king's French fiefs was a major source of conflict between the two monarchies throughout the Middle Ages. French monarchs systematically sought to check the growth of English", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390841", "text": "retook the city on 23 October 1452. However, the English were decisively defeated at the Battle of Castillon on 17 July 1453. Talbot had been persuaded to engage the French army at Castillon near Bordeaux. During the battle the French appeared to retreat towards their camp. The French camp at Castillon had been laid out by Charles VII's ordnance officer Jean Bureau and this was instrumental in the French success as when the French cannon opened fire, from their positions in the camp, the English took severe casualties losing both Talbot and his son. Although the Battle of Castillon is", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "831879", "text": "\"king's mortal enemy\", Robert of Artois. Thus began the Hundred Years' War, complicated by Edward's renewed claim to the throne of France in retaliation for the forfeiture of Aquitaine. Philip entered the Hundred Years' War in a position of comparative strength. France was richer and more populous than England and was at the height of its medieval glory. The opening stages of the war, accordingly, were largely successful for the French. At sea, French privateers raided and burned towns and shipping all along the southern and southeastern coasts of England. The English made some retaliatory raids, including the burning of", "title": "Philip VI of France" }, { "id": "3723326", "text": "for the French throne. Over the next century, English forces fought many campaigns in a long-running conflict that became known as the Hundred Years' War. Despite the challenges involved in raising the revenues to pay for the war, Edward's military successes brought an influx of plundered wealth to many parts of England and enabled substantial building work by the king. Many members of the English elite, including Edward's son the Black Prince, were heavily involved in campaigning in France and administering the new continental territories. Edward's grandson, the young Richard II, faced political and economic problems, many resulting from the", "title": "England in the Middle Ages" }, { "id": "12390785", "text": "local insurrection, which the French believed had been incited by Edward II of England. Charles IV grudgingly agreed to return this territory in 1325. To recover his duchy, Edward II had to compromise: he sent his son, the future Edward III, to pay homage. The King of France agreed to restore Guyenne, minus Agen. But the French delayed the return of the lands, which helped Philip VI. On 6 June 1329, Edward III finally paid homage to the King of France. However, at the ceremony, Philip VI had it recorded that the homage was not due to the fiefs detached", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "723039", "text": "that he was the rightful King of France. These events helped launch the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) between England and France. Though England failed to win that prolonged conflict, English and British Monarchs until the late 18th Century continued to maintain, at least formally, a claim to the French throne. The Hundred Years' War could be considered a lengthy war of succession between the houses of Valois and Plantagenet. The early reign of Philip VI was a promising one for France. The new king fought the Flemings on behalf of his vassal, the count of Flanders, and restored that count", "title": "House of Valois" }, { "id": "8209786", "text": "major European power in the Late Middle Ages following its victory in the Hundred Years' War (1337 to 1453). During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established, which by the 20th century would become the second largest in the world. The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). France became Europe's dominant cultural, political, and military power in the 17th century under Louis XIV. In the late 18th century, the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy, established one of modern history's earliest republics, and saw the drafting of the", "title": "France" }, { "id": "177506", "text": "king's success in putting down these rebellions was due partly to the military ability of his eldest son, Henry of Monmouth, who later became king (though the son managed to seize much effective power from his father in 1410). Henry V succeeded to the throne in 1413. He renewed hostilities with France and began a set of military campaigns which are considered a new phase of the Hundred Years' War, referred to as the Lancastrian War. He won several notable victories over the French, including at the Battle of Agincourt. In the Treaty of Troyes, Henry V was given the", "title": "History of England" }, { "id": "12390776", "text": "political crises of 14th century Europe. The outbreak of war was motivated by a gradual rise in tension between the kings of France and England about Gascony, Flanders and Scotland. The dynastic question, which arose due to an interruption of the direct male line of the Capetians, was the official pretext. The question of female succession to the French throne was raised after the death of Louis X in 1316. Louis X left only a daughter, and his posthumous son John I lived only a few days. Furthermore, the paternity of his daughter was in question, as her mother, Margaret", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "13523708", "text": "Germany, at the end of the Middle Ages. The duchy of Burgundy's holdings in the Netherlands were the precursor of the modern Belgium. However, the kings of England remained dukes of Aquitaine. When Philip IV died, his nephew, Philip I count of Valois mounted the throne of France in the end, as Philip VI. Philip IV had married Jean of Champagne, who brought Champagne with her into the royal domain (1284). They had two sons but a new series of conflicts, known as the Hundred Years' War, was provoked by the claim of Edward III of England, grandson of Philip", "title": "Territorial evolution of France" }, { "id": "12390799", "text": "army was defeated and he was captured at the Battle of Neville's Cross, on 17 October 1346. This greatly reduced the threat from Scotland. In France, Edward proceeded north unopposed and besieged the city of Calais on the English Channel, capturing it in 1347. This became an important strategic asset for the English, allowing them to safely keep troops in northern France. Calais would remain under English control, even after the end of the Hundred Years' War, until the successful French siege in 1558. In 1348, the Black Death, which had just arrived in Paris, began to ravage Europe. In", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "12390811", "text": "regime provided naval support to French campaigns against Aquitaine and England. In 1373, the combined Castilian and French fleets sacked the Isle of Wight. In 1377, they burned Rye and Hastings and sacked Lewes, Folkestone, Portsmouth, Dartmouth, and Plymouth. In 1378, the Castilian galleys raided Cornwall, burning coastal towns and levying tribute. The following year the Castilians conquered the Castle of La Roche Guyon on the Breton coast. In July 1380, Fernando Sánchez de Tovar led a Franco-Castilian fleet from La Rochelle in an attack on Jersey and Guernsey, followed by an August raid into the Thames Estuary. The raiders", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "10324919", "text": "sought to oppose Louis XIV's Catholic regime and styled himself as a Protestant champion. Tensions continued in the following decades, during which France protected Jacobites who sought to overthrow the later Stuarts and, after 1715, the Hanoverians. After William III, the opposition of France and Britain shifted from religion to economy and trade: the two nations vied for colonial domination in the Americas and Asia. The Seven Years' War was one of the greatest and most decisive conflicts. France's alliance and backing of the colonists in the American Revolutionary War against Britain was successful in undermining British colonial hegemony in", "title": "Second Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "8487884", "text": "closely, and there was fierce fighting between French and English forces. When John of Gaunt's forces finally reached Bordeaux on Christmas Eve in 1373, they were half-starved and weary. \"Grandes Chroniques de France\" says the chevauchée had lost most of their men and many knights had lost their armors because they were unable to carry them. The Great Chevauchée was over. The Great Chevauchée's defeat caused tremendous anger and resentment in Britain. John of Gaunt continued to be a powerful political player, but he was not popular and his efforts to promote peace with France were unsuccessful. In 1378 Charles", "title": "Hundred Years' War (1369–89)" }, { "id": "12390773", "text": "Valois, with England permanently losing most of its possessions on the continent. Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces: the Edwardian War (1337–1360), the Caroline War (1369–1389), and the Lancastrian War (1415–1453). Local conflicts in neighbouring areas, which were contemporarily related to the war, including the War of the Breton Succession (1341–1365), the Castilian Civil War (1366–1369), the War of the Two Peters (1356–1369) in Aragon, and the 1383–85 crisis in Portugal, were availed by the parties to advance their agendas. Later historians adopted the term \"Hundred Years' War\" as a historiographical periodization to encompass all", "title": "Hundred Years' War" }, { "id": "6092887", "text": "largely stopped teaching their children French\". The Hundred Years' War with France (1337–1453) aroused English nationalist feeling. May McKisack has claimed that \"The most lasting and significant consequences of the war should be sought, perhaps, in the sphere of national psychology...For the victories were the victories, not only of the king and of the aristocracy, but of the nation\". When the Ordinance of Normandy (in which the French King called for the elimination of the English nation and language in a second Norman conquest of England) was discovered in 1346 it was used for propaganda purposes by England. After the", "title": "English nationalism" }, { "id": "1738734", "text": "Nine Years' War The Nine Years' War (1688–97)—often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg—was a conflict between Louis XIV of France and a European coalition of the Holy Roman Empire (led by Austria), the Dutch Republic, Spain, England and Savoy. It was fought in Europe and the surrounding seas, North America and in India. It is sometimes considered the first global war. The conflict encompassed the Williamite war in Ireland and Jacobite risings in Scotland, where William III and James II struggled for control of England and Ireland, and a campaign", "title": "Nine Years' War" }, { "id": "2433975", "text": "Dartmouth or the Castilian Pero Niño. Though the English won numerous victories, they were unable to overcome the numerical superiority of the French and their strategic use of gunpowder weapons. England was defeated at the Battle of Formigny in 1450 and finally at the Battle of Castillon in 1453, retaining only a single town in France, Calais. During the Hundred Years' War an English identity began to develop in place of the previous division between the Norman lords and their Anglo-Saxon subjects. This was a consequence of sustained hostility to the increasingly nationalist French, whose kings and other leaders (notably", "title": "Kingdom of England" } ]

[ "John Joseph Haley Jr" ]

[ { "id": "2758007", "text": "Jack Haley John Joseph Haley Jr (August 10, 1897 – June 6, 1979) was an American vaudevillian, actor, radio host, comedian, singer and dancer best known for his portrayal of the Tin Man and his farmhand counterpart \"Hickory\" in the classic 1939 MGM film \"The Wizard of Oz\". Haley was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Canadian-born parents John Joseph Haley Sr. and Ellen Curley Haley. His father was a sailor by trade and died in a ship wreck off the coast of Nova Scotia on February 1, 1898, when Jack was only six months old. He had one older brother,", "title": "Jack Haley" }, { "id": "2888825", "text": "Oz,\" a television film for ABC, starring Ashanti as Dorothy, Jeffrey Tambor as the Wizard, David Alan Grier as Uncle Henry, and Queen Latifah as Aunt Em. Kermit the Frog portrayed the Scarecrow, Gonzo portrayed the Tin Thing (Tin Man), Fozzie Bear portrayed the Lion and Miss Piggy portrayed all the Witches of the West, East, North and South. In 2007, The Sci-Fi Channel released the three-part miniseries \"Tin Man\", a science fiction continuation starring Zooey Deschanel as DG. Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice wrote a stage musical of the same name, which opened in 2011 at the West", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2758016", "text": "week before his death. On June 6, 1979, Haley died of a heart attack at the UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California at the age of 81. He is buried in Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California. Haley's autobiography, \"Heart of the Tin Man\", was published in 2000. Jack Haley John Joseph Haley Jr (August 10, 1897 – June 6, 1979) was an American vaudevillian, actor, radio host, comedian, singer and dancer best known for his portrayal of the Tin Man and his farmhand counterpart \"Hickory\" in the classic 1939 MGM film \"The Wizard of Oz\". Haley was born", "title": "Jack Haley" }, { "id": "2888770", "text": "unhappy with his role as the Tin Man (reportedly claiming, \"I'm not a tin performer; I'm fluid\"), Bolger convinced producer Mervyn LeRoy to recast him in the part he so desired. Ebsen did not object; after going over the basics of the Scarecrow's distinctive gait with Bolger (as a professional dancer, Ebsen had been cast because the studio was confident he would be up to the task of replicating the famous \"wobbly-walk\" of Stone's Scarecrow), he recorded all of his songs, went through all the rehearsals as the Tin Man and began filming with the rest of the cast. Bert", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "1512957", "text": "would play any part the studio chose. However, he was unhappy when he was originally cast as the Tin Woodman in the studio's 1939 feature film adaptation of \"The Wizard of Oz\". The role of the Scarecrow had already been assigned to another dancing studio contract player, Buddy Ebsen. In time, the roles were shuffled around. Bolger's face was permanently lined by wearing the Scarecrow's makeup. Following \"The Wizard of Oz\", Bolger moved to RKO Pictures. In 1941, he was a featured act at the Paramount Theatre in New York, working with the Harry James Band. He would do tap", "title": "Ray Bolger" }, { "id": "2888748", "text": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.\" It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled \"Gone with the Wind\" production). It stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale, alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, Frank Morgan, Billie Burke, and Margaret Hamilton, with Charley Grapewin, Pat", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2888769", "text": "\"Every Sunday\". The film was most notable for exhibiting Durbin's operatic style of singing against Garland's jazzier style. Durbin was possibly passed over once it was decided to bring on Jaynes, also an operatic singer, to rival Garland's jazz in the aforementioned discarded subplot of the film. Ray Bolger was originally cast as the Tin Man and Buddy Ebsen was to play the Scarecrow. Bolger, however, longed to play the Scarecrow, as his childhood idol Fred Stone had done on stage in 1902; with that very performance, Stone had inspired him to become a vaudevillian in the first place. Now", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2888777", "text": "was found. No full footage of him as the Tin Man has ever been releasedonly photographs taken during filming and makeup test photos. His replacement, Jack Haley, simply assumed he had been fired. Author and screen-writer George MacDonald Fraser offers an alternative story, told to him by Burt Lancaster's producing partner, Jim Hill, that Ebsen had refused to be painted silver and was fired. LeRoy, after reviewing the footage and feeling Thorpe was rushing the production, adversely affecting the actors' performances, had Thorpe replaced. During reorganization on the production, George Cukor temporarily took over, under LeRoy's guidance. Initially, the studio", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "1520431", "text": "have been a reason filmmaker Walt Disney chose Ebsen to be filmed dancing in front of a grid as an aid to animating Mickey Mouse's dancing in Disney's 1929 to 1939 Silly Symphonies animated short films. When Ebsen turned down studio head Louis B. Mayer's offer of an exclusive MGM contract, Mayer warned him that he would never work in Hollywood again. Nonetheless, MGM did cast Ebsen as the Scarecrow in its 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". Ebsen then swapped roles with actor Ray Bolger, who was originally cast as the Tin Man. Bolger wanted to play the Scarecrow,", "title": "Buddy Ebsen" }, { "id": "2316741", "text": "be the dream of a little girl who has fallen asleep listening to the story of Kynd and Kruel, said to be the story of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". The film also introduced the idea of the farmhands also being the Scarecrow, Tin Woodsman and Cowardly Lion, albeit as costumes they don in order to conceal themselves in Oz. In the 1939 movie \"The Wizard of Oz\", Dorothy was played by Judy Garland, who received an Academy Juvenile Award for her performance. Since she was sixteen years old at the time of filming, Garland's maturing figure was bound into", "title": "Dorothy Gale" }, { "id": "2401199", "text": "a divorce settlement, Sammy Shore's ex-wife Mitzi Shore began operating the club in 1973, and she was able to buy the building in 1976. She immediately renovated and expanded the club to include a 450-seat main room. In 1974, The Comedy Store hosted the wedding reception of newlyweds Liza Minnelli (daughter of Judy Garland) and Jack Haley, Jr., (son of Jack Haley who played \"the Tin Man\" in the 1939 movie, \"The Wizard of Oz\" which starred Liza's mother). The Comedy Club signage was covered, for the evening, by signs reading \"Ciro's\", denoting the venue's prior identity. The event was", "title": "The Comedy Store" }, { "id": "6981961", "text": "Gordon from \"Sesame Street\"), Matthew Lillard, Bill Cosby, Al Roker, Terrell Owens, Tyler Perry, Robin Antin, Keith Richards, Eddie Murphy (as his character James \"Thunder\" Early from the movie \"Dreamgirls\"), Sherman Hemsley (as his character George Jefferson on \"The Jeffersons\"), Charles Barkley, Sendhil Ramamurthy (as Mohinder Suresh), Tyson Beckford, Seal (originally played by Peele until Peele left the show at the end of season 13), Sidney Poitier, Lionel Richie, Barack Obama, Kobe Bryant and Jack Haley (as the Tin Man from \"The Wizard of Oz\"). He also played female celebrities, including Phylicia Rashād and Eva Longoria (as Gabrielle Solis on", "title": "Keegan-Michael Key" }, { "id": "6430750", "text": "despite being less featured than she in the film, \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939). Ruth Plumly Thompson gave him only two brief mentions, in \"The Royal Book of Oz\" and \"Grampa in Oz\". He had somewhat larger roles in John R. Neill's \"The Wonder City of Oz\" and \"The Scalawagons of Oz\", Jack Snow's \"The Magical Mimics in Oz\", and Eric Shanower's \"The Giant Garden of Oz\". Frank Alexander portrayed him as a villain in Larry Semon's \"Wizard of Oz\". In MGM's 1939 musical adaptation \"The Wizard of Oz\", Uncle Henry is played by Charley Grapewin. Hickory (Tin Man's alter", "title": "Uncle Henry (Oz)" }, { "id": "10215729", "text": "The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True is a 1995 television musical performance based on the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\" (starring Judy Garland). The book and score of the film were performed on stage at Lincoln Center to benefit the Children's Defense Fund. The concert featured guest performers including Jackson Browne as the Scarecrow, Roger Daltrey as the Tin Man, Natalie Cole as Glinda, Joel Grey as the Wizard (a role he reprised in \"Wicked\"), Jewel as Dorothy, Nathan Lane as the Cowardly Lion, Debra Winger as", "title": "The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True" }, { "id": "2888749", "text": "Walshe, and Clara Blandick, Terry (billed as Toto), and Singer's Midgets as the Munchkins. Legendary for its use of Technicolor, fantasy storytelling, musical score and memorable characters, the film has become an icon of American popular culture. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, but lost to \"Gone with the Wind\". It did win in two other categories: Best Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow\" and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart. While the film was considered a critical success upon release in August 1939, it failed to make a profit for MGM until the 1949 re-release,", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "5503402", "text": "(1922 version), Ronald Colman (1937 version), Stewart Granger (1952 version), and Peter Sellers (1979 version). An early and unusual example of double casting was the 1925 silent film \"Lady of the Night\", in which two women were portrayed by Norma Shearer to spotlight their very different social classes, and nobody took any notice of their identical appearance. In \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939), the actors who played the Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion, and the Scarecrow also played farmhands in scenes set in Kansas. Margaret Hamilton played both the roles of Miss Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West,", "title": "Dual role" }, { "id": "10503608", "text": "Tin Man (America song) \"Tin Man\" is a 1974 song by the pop rock band America. It was written by band member Dewey Bunnell and produced by George Martin, who also plays the piano part on the recorded version. The song was included on the band's album \"Holiday\", also from 1974. The song's title and some of its lyrics refer to the Tin Woodman from \"The Wizard of Oz\". Songwriter Bunnell was quoted describing the parallel: \"My favorite movie, I guess. I always loved it as a kid. Very obscure lyrics. Great grammar - 'Oz never did give nothing to", "title": "Tin Man (America song)" }, { "id": "2888778", "text": "had made Garland wear a blond wig and heavy \"baby-doll\" makeup, and she played Dorothy in an exaggerated fashion; now, Cukor changed Garland's and Hamilton's makeup and costumes, and told Garland to \"be herself\". This meant that all the scenes Garland and Hamilton had already completed had to be discarded and reshot. Cukor also suggested that the studio cast Jack Haley, on loan from Fox, as the Tin Man. To keep down on production costs, Haley only rerecorded \"If I Only Had a Heart\" and solo lines during \"The Jitterbug\" and \"If I Only Had the Nerve\"; as such, Ebsen's", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "4456368", "text": "Inspiration. Prior to \"The Wizard of Oz\", Grapewin appeared in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's \"Broadway Melody of 1938\" with Judy Garland (Oz's Dorothy) and Buddy Ebsen (Oz's original Tin Man). He also appeared with Garland in \"Listen, Darling.\" Charley Grapewin Charles Ellsworth Grapewin (December 20, 1869 – February 2, 1956) was an American vaudeville performer, circus performer, writer and a stage and silent and sound actor, and comedian who was best known for portraying Uncle Henry in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939) as well as Grandpa Joad in \"The Grapes of Wrath\" (1940) and Jeeter Lester in \"Tobacco Road\" (1941). He usually", "title": "Charley Grapewin" }, { "id": "3079038", "text": "supervising the automated farms on the planet Trantor. A tik-tok revolt against the forces of the Galactic Empire play a major role in the novel. Tik-Tok was played by Wallace Illington in the 1908 film, \"The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays\", which is now known only from a production still or two. In 1913, the comedian James C. Morton played Tik-Tok in \"The Tik-Tok Man of Oz\", a musical play by Baum, Louis F. Gottschalk, Victor Schertzinger, and Oliver Morosco. The role of Tik-Tok was a straight man role similar to that of David C. Montgomery's Tin Woodman in \"The Wizard of", "title": "Tik-Tok (Oz)" }, { "id": "2888776", "text": "rescue (which, though unreleased, comprises the only footage of Ebsen's Tin Man). According to most sources, ten days into the shoot, Ebsen suffered a reaction to the aluminum powder makeup he wore, though he did recall taking a breath one night without suffering any immediate effect. He was hospitalized in critical condition, and subsequently was forced to leave the project; in a later interview (included on the 2005 DVD release of \"The Wizard of Oz\"), he recalled the studio heads appreciated the seriousness of his illness only after seeing him in the hospital. Filming halted while a replacement for him", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "12306815", "text": "Jackson Browne, Roger Daltrey and Nathan Lane played the Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion, respectively. Debra Winger was the Wicked Witch. A cast album was made that includes more of the music from the show than the 1989 RSC recording as well as some dialogue. The Madison Square Garden, New York production opened in May 1997 for 48 performances. Co-produced by the Paper Mill Playhouse, it used a shorter version of the show, 90 minutes long, and score designed for younger audiences. Directed by Paper Mill artistic director Robert Johanson, the cast included Roseanne Barr as the Wicked Witch of", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)" }, { "id": "8155663", "text": "and later moved to the Majestic Theatre on Broadway on January 21, 1903, where it ran for 293 performances until December 31, 1904, followed by traveling tours of the original cast. It starred Anna Laughlin as Dorothy Gale, Fred Stone as the Scarecrow and David C. Montgomery as the Tin Woodman (who is called Niccolo Chopper in the musical; he had no name in the original book, but would be called Nick Chopper in the sequels). Arthur Hill played the Cowardly Lion, but in this version his role was reduced to a bit part. The Wicked Witch of the West", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1902 musical)" }, { "id": "2888832", "text": "at auction with the rest of her collections by owner actress Debbie Reynolds for $510,000 (not including the buyer's premium) in June 2011. The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.\" It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled \"Gone with the Wind\" production). It stars", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "9386098", "text": "Junius Matthews Junius Conyers Matthews (June 12, 1890 – January 18, 1978) was an American actor and voice actor. He was the original voice of Rabbit in the \"Winnie the Pooh\" franchise from 1966 to 1977. He was a private in World War I before becoming an actor, and determined to become a popular radio and television actor, his career began on stage where he got his first role in a silent film called \"The Silent Witness\" (1917). He later played the role of the Tin Woodsman on a radio version of \"The Wizard of Oz\". His distinctive voice can", "title": "Junius Matthews" }, { "id": "5313317", "text": "space, fleeing a toaster, which fires toast at it. Two robots named 4-Q-2 (who looks like the Tin Man from the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\") and Arty-Deco (a canister vacuum cleaner), escape from the evil Empire. After launching from the ship (a cassette player) in an escape pod (a cassette tape), they land on a desert planet (a watermelon). They are found by young Fluke Starbucker (played by future multi-platinum award-winning music producer Scott Mathews) who finds a video message saved on Arty-Deco. It is a loop of Princess Anne-Droid saying \"Help me, Augie Ben Doggie, you're my", "title": "Hardware Wars" }, { "id": "10503611", "text": "+ Things + Flowers\" (2006) which features singer Carleen Anderson. Tin Man (America song) \"Tin Man\" is a 1974 song by the pop rock band America. It was written by band member Dewey Bunnell and produced by George Martin, who also plays the piano part on the recorded version. The song was included on the band's album \"Holiday\", also from 1974. The song's title and some of its lyrics refer to the Tin Woodman from \"The Wizard of Oz\". Songwriter Bunnell was quoted describing the parallel: \"My favorite movie, I guess. I always loved it as a kid. Very obscure", "title": "Tin Man (America song)" }, { "id": "1512962", "text": "daughter of his \"Oz\" costar Judy Garland, starred in \"That's Dancing!\", a film also written by Jack Haley, Jr., the son of Jack Haley, who portrayed the Tin Woodman in \"The Wizard of Oz\". In 1998, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him. He was a Roman Catholic, and a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California. Bolger was a staunch Republican who campaigned for Richard Nixon in 1968. Bolger died of bladder cancer on January 15, 1987, in Los Angeles, five", "title": "Ray Bolger" }, { "id": "2888793", "text": "her hands and face when there was an accident with the fire while filming her exit from Munchkinland. Hamilton was wearing her green makeup at the time, which was usually removed with acetone due to the toxicity of its copper content. In this case, due to Hamilton's burns, makeup artist Jack Young removed the makeup with alcohol instead to prevent infection. The Tin Man's costume was made of leather-covered buckram and the oil used to grease his joints was made from chocolate syrup. The Cowardly Lion's costume was made from real lion skin and fur. For the \"horse of a", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2888771", "text": "Lahr was signed for the Cowardly Lion on July 25, 1938; the next month, Charles Grapewin was cast as Uncle Henry on August 12. W. C. Fields was originally chosen for the title role of the Wizard, a role turned down by Ed Wynn as he thought the part was too small, but the studio ran out of patience after protracted haggling over Fields' fee. Wallace Beery lobbied for the role, but the studio refused to spare him during the long shooting schedule. Instead, another contract player, Frank Morgan, was cast on September 22. An extensive talent search produced over", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "18075298", "text": "played by Pa Grape. His Kansas counterpart from the 1939 film also appeared in this Christian cartoon. In the 2007 Sci Fi television miniseries \"Tin Man\", the Lion is re-imagined as a character named Raw, a member of the race of Viewers - half-man, half-lion beings with telekinetic and empathic abilities. He is played by Raoul Trujillo The Cowardly Lion appears in \"Dorothy and the Witches of Oz\" played by Barry Ratcliffe. He appears on Earth in the form of Dorothy Gale's lawyer Bryan Jennings. The Cowardly Lion appears in the direct-to-DVD animated film \"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard", "title": "Cowardly Lion" }, { "id": "13756802", "text": "of \"The Wonder Show\" starring Jack Haley (best remembered as the Tin Woodman in \"The Wizard of Oz\", 1939). There began her 50-year professional relationship with the show's announcer, Gale Gordon. \"The Wonder Show\" lasted one season, with the final episode airing on April 7, 1939. MGM producer Arthur Freed purchased the Broadway hit musical play \"DuBarry Was a Lady\" (1943) especially for Ann Sothern, but when she turned down the part, that plum role went to Ball, Sothern's real-life best friend. In 1946, Ball starred in \"Lover Come Back\". In 1947, she appeared in the murder mystery \"Lured\" as", "title": "Lucille Ball" }, { "id": "8757691", "text": "the role of the Wicked Witch of the West, at The Municipal Opera Association of St. Louis, in the first ever stage production of \"The Wizard of Oz\" to use the songs from the 1939 MGM film. Evelyn Wyckoff played Dorothy Gale, Donald Burr played the Tin Man, Edmund Dorsey played the Cowardly Lion, Lee Dixon played the Scarecrow, Patricia Bowman played the Sorceress of the North, aka Glinda, and John Cherry played the Wizard of Oz. Miss Raymond made her first motion picture in 1920. The feature, \"Dangerous To Men\", starred Viola Dana and Milton Sills. She next starred", "title": "Helen Raymond" }, { "id": "2888762", "text": "the script was completed on October 8, 1938, following numerous rewrites. All in all, it was a mish-mash of many creative minds, but Langley, Ryerson, and Woolf got the film credits. Along with the contributors already mentioned, others who assisted with the adaptation without receiving credit include: Irving Brecher, Herbert Fields, Arthur Freed, Yip Harburg, Samuel Hoffenstein, Jack Mintz, Sid Silvers, Richard Thorpe, Cukor and Vidor. In addition, songwriter Harburg's son (and biographer) Ernie Harburg reported: The original producers thought that a 1939 audience was too sophisticated to accept Oz as a straight-ahead fantasy; therefore, it was reconceived as a", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "3455191", "text": "Surrender Dorothy \"Surrender Dorothy\" is a famous special effect used in the movie \"The Wizard of Oz\", which later attained local fame as a graffito in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. The first appearance of the phrase is in the 1939 version of \"The Wizard of Oz\" (it is not in the novel or any previous adaptations). In the scene, Dorothy Gale (Judy Garland) has reached the Emerald City with her companions The Scarecrow (Ray Bolger), Tin Woodsman (Jack Haley) and Cowardly Lion (Bert Lahr), whereupon they are treated to the hospitality and technological comforts of the fantastic city. As", "title": "Surrender Dorothy" }, { "id": "6138664", "text": "dementia. Maren left no immediate survivors. Maren was the last survivor of \"The Wizard of Oz\"s adult Munchkin cast; his death left stunt doubles (Caren Marsh Doll and Ambrose Schindler) as the last two known people to appear on-screen during the film. A small number of anonymous female extras are also reported to survive, but they were children, rather than adults with dwarfism. He outlived all the major cast members of the film, as well as Buddy Ebsen, who originally played the Tin-Man. Maren was also the last surviving actor who co-starred in a film starring the Marx Brothers. Jerry", "title": "Jerry Maren" }, { "id": "2888751", "text": "the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14. \"The Wizard of Oz\" is the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, but uncredited contributions were made by others. The songs were written by Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg (lyrics) and Harold Arlen (music). The musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart. Dorothy Gale lives with her Cairn Terrier dog Toto on the Kansas farm of her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry. Toto bites witchy neighbor Miss Almira", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2758010", "text": "Ball as regular radio performers. Haley returned to musical comedies in the 1940s. Most of his '40s work was for RKO Radio Pictures. He left the studio in 1947 when he refused to appear in a remake of RKO's \"Seven Keys to Baldpate\". Phillip Terry took the role. He subsequently went into real estate, taking guest roles in television series over the next couple of decades. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer hired Haley for the part of the Tin Man in \"The Wizard of Oz\" after its contracted song-and-dance comedian Buddy Ebsen suffered an almost fatal allergic reaction. He had unwittingly inhaled some of", "title": "Jack Haley" }, { "id": "2888779", "text": "voice can still be heard in the remaining songs featuring the Tin Man in group vocals. The makeup used for Haley was quietly changed to an aluminum paste, with a layer of clown white greasepaint underneath to protect his skin; although it did not have the same dire effect on Haley, he did at one point suffer an eye infection from it. In addition, Bolger's original recording of \"If I Only Had a Brain\" had been far more sedate compared to the version heard in the film; during this time, Cukor and LeRoy decided that a more energetic rendition would", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "12132902", "text": "Mickey Carroll Mickey Carroll (July 8, 1919 – May 7, 2009) was an American actor, who worked in radio and film, and was one of the last surviving actors who portrayed a munchkin in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". Born Michael Finocchiaro in St. Louis, Missouri, Carroll was the son of Italian immigrants. He was born along with a twin sister, who, unlike Carroll, was of average size. As a child Carroll began dance lessons at the Fox Theater in St. Louis. At 17 he was one of six bellhops in the 'Call for Phillip Morris' live radio", "title": "Mickey Carroll" }, { "id": "886049", "text": "starred as the Tin Man in the \"Wizard of Oz\". Also that year he was in the film \"Yes, Yes, Nanette!\", starring Jimmy Finlayson and directed by Stan Laurel. (In later, years Finlayson frequently was a supporting actor in the Laurel and Hardy film series.) He also continued playing supporting roles in films featuring Clyde Cooke and Bobby Ray. In 1926, Hardy was scheduled to appear in \"Get 'Em Young\", but he was unexpectedly hospitalized after being burned by a hot leg of lamb. Laurel had been working as a gag man and a director at Roach Studios, so he", "title": "Oliver Hardy" }, { "id": "2763064", "text": "Tin Woodman The Tin Woodman, better known as either the Tin Man or (incorrectly) the Tin Woodsman (the third name appears only in adaptations, the first—and in rare instances, the second—was used by Baum), is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum. Baum's Tin Woodman first appeared in his classic 1900 book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", and reappeared in many other subsequent Oz books in the series. In late 19th-century America, men made out of various tin pieces were used in advertising and political cartoons. Baum, who was editing a magazine", "title": "Tin Woodman" }, { "id": "9729034", "text": "Harry Wilson (actor) Harry Wilson (22 November 1897 – 6 September 1978) was a British character actor who appeared in over 300 films from 1928 to 1965 and proudly proclaimed himself \"Hollywood's ugliest man\". His distinctive facial features and voice (often said to be the result of acromegaly, a disorder of the pituitary gland, although they do not fully meet the criteria) often led to him being cast as various henchmen, thugs, convicts and brawlers. His best-known roles include a Winkie Guard in \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939); the female monster in \"Frankenstein's Daughter\" (1958); and together with Mike Mazurki", "title": "Harry Wilson (actor)" }, { "id": "2763078", "text": "country, which occurred long before the arrival of any outsiders such as the Wizard. (It should be noted, however, that although the living creatures of Oz do not die of age or disease, they may die of accidents or be killed by others.) In the 1998 novel \"The Tin Man\", by Dale Brown, the eponymous protagonist is a power-armored vigilante whom the media and police have dubbed \"The Tin Man\" for his physical resemblance to the \"Wizard of Oz\" character. The Tin Woodman is a minor character in author Gregory Maguire's 1995 revisionist novel \"\", its 2003 Broadway musical adaptation", "title": "Tin Woodman" }, { "id": "12306813", "text": "used in the first U.S. stage touring production based on the film, beginning in 1993. The \"Boston Herald\" reported that the show was \"complete with all the beloved songs by Harold Arlen and E. Y. Harburg. It's well-acted and extremely well-sung by a cast that draws on the movie classic's indelible characterizations of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion, etc.\" This Kenneth Feld production toured from 1995 to 1999. The ice show followed \"the familiar story largely intact from the 1939 MGM film\" and was choreographed by Robin Cousins. It featured a pre-recorded soundtrack with the voices", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)" }, { "id": "1382306", "text": "Victor Fleming Victor Lonzo Fleming (February 23, 1889 – January 6, 1949) was an American film director, cinematographer, and producer. His most popular films were \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939), and \"Gone with the Wind\" (1939), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director. Fleming has those same two films listed in the top 10 of the American Film Institute's 2007 AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list. Victor Fleming was born at the Banbury Ranch near what is now La Cañada Flintridge, California, the son of Eva (née Hartman) and William Richard Lonzo Fleming. He served in the photographic", "title": "Victor Fleming" }, { "id": "2888795", "text": "Association of America's \"365 Songs of the Century\". MGM composer Herbert Stothart, a well-known Hollywood composer and songwriter, won the Academy Award for Best Original Score in recognition of his original score. Georgie Stoll was associate conductor and screen credit was given to George Bassman, Murray Cutter, Ken Darby and Paul Marquardt for orchestral and vocal arrangements (as usual, Roger Edens was also heavily involved as an unbilled musical associate to Freed.) The songs were recorded in the studio's scoring stage before filming. Several of the recordings were completed while Ebsen was still with the cast. Therefore, while he had", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2888756", "text": "and surround them. When the Witch sets fire to the Scarecrow, Dorothy tosses a bucket of water at him; water also splashes the Witch, who melts away. The guards rejoice and give Dorothy the broomstick. Back in the Emerald City, as the Wizard stalls in fulfilling his promises Toto pulls back a curtain and exposes the \"Wizard\" as a middle-aged man speaking through a microphone. He denies Dorothy's accusation that he is a bad man, but admits to being a humbug. He then gives the Scarecrow a diploma, the Lion a medal, and the Tin Man a ticking heart-shaped watch,", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2841242", "text": "in the late 1960s. Storch continued his association with Filmation as a voiceover actor in other series the company produced including \"Journey Back to Oz\" where he voiced Aunt Em and Uncle Henry's farmhand Amos. He provided the Tin Man's speaking voice while Danny Thomas provided the character's singing voice. Storch has appeared in more than 25 Hollywood films, including \"Who Was That Lady?\" (1960), \"40 Pounds of Trouble\" (1962), \"Captain Newman, M.D.\" (1963), \"Wild and Wonderful\" (1964), \"Sex and the Single Girl\" (1964) and \"The Great Race\" (1965), all starring Tony Curtis. He also appeared in \"Bus Riley's Back", "title": "Larry Storch" }, { "id": "2888754", "text": "for her sister's death, then vanishes. Glinda tells Dorothy to follow the yellow brick road to the Emerald City, where she can ask the Wizard of Oz to help her get back home. On her journey Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, who wants a brain; the Tin Woodman, who desires a heart; and the Cowardly Lion, who needs courage. Dorothy invites them to accompany her to the Emerald City, where they can ask the Wizard to help them too. Despite harassment from the Witch they reach the Emerald City and are eventually permitted to see the Wizard, who appears as a", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "12306816", "text": "the West and Ken Page, Lara Teeter and Michael Gruber as the Cowardly Lion, Scarecrow and Tin Man. This production was repeated in May 1998 at Madison Square Garden. It featured Mickey Rooney as the Wizard and Eartha Kitt as the Wicked Witch of the West. She was later replaced by Jo Anne Worley. Most of the 1997 cast returned, and it was this cast that made the cast recording associated with this version. This engagement was part of a US tour that ended in 1999. From November 2001 to February 2002, a production directed by Nancye Hayes was staged", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)" }, { "id": "9935907", "text": "upon perfection.\" She also avoided watching the musical \"Wicked\". While she may not have wanted to repeat past performances of Dorothy Gale, Deschanel has had an interest in playing the character for much of her life. When asked by TechTelevision, \"Did you ever dream in a million years that you would ever play Dorothy in a version of \"The Wizard of Oz\"?\" Deschanel replied, \"I'd hoped. It was always one of my favorite characters since I was two years old.\" Actress Kathleen Robertson, who plays the adult Azkadellia, deliberately portrayed the character as a quiet menace, self-restrained rather than gregarious:", "title": "Tin Man (miniseries)" }, { "id": "13343031", "text": "Prince Denis Prince Denis (January 26, 1900 – June 20, 1984) was a French-born American actor of sideshows and film with dwarfism, best known for his role as the Munchkin Sergeant-at-Arms in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". Originally from France, Denis moved to the United States and changed his name to Dennison before eventually legally changing it to Prince Denis. Denis toured various circuses, including the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey, with his two sisters, Princess Marguerite and Lady Little. Denis would later go on to appear in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\" at the", "title": "Prince Denis" }, { "id": "4986916", "text": "was supported by Christian voters because Savol frequently thanked God after his performances, or by voters who saw him as an underdog or \"regular Joe\" due to his lack of stereotypical pop star looks. Often, he would draw comparisons to actors Mark Addy and Kevin James. Savol performed for a brief stint at the Lubbock Memorial Civic Center in Lubbock, Texas, as the Cowardly Lion, in Todrick Hall's retelling of \"The Wizard of Oz\". Oz, the Musical sold out both nights. He starred alongside Season Two alumni Rickey Smith as the Tinman, Season 4 alumna Mikalah Gordon as Dorothy, and", "title": "Scott Savol" }, { "id": "10254582", "text": "film, narrated by Art Carney. The music was sung and played by the Mitch Miller Chorus and Orchestra. Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz The songs from the 1939 musical fantasy film \"The Wizard of Oz\" have taken their place among the most famous and instantly recognizable American songs of all time, and the film's principal song, \"Over the Rainbow\", is perhaps the most famous song ever written for a film. Music and lyrics were by Harold Arlen and E.Y. \"Yip\" Harburg, who won an Academy Award for Best Song for \"Over the Rainbow\". Herbert Stothart, who underscored the", "title": "Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "2888759", "text": "number of writers and revisions before the final shooting. Mervyn LeRoy's assistant William H. Cannon had submitted a brief four-page outline. Because recent fantasy films had not fared well, he recommended that the magical elements of the story be toned down or eliminated. In his outline, the Scarecrow was a man so stupid that the only employment open to him was literally scaring crows from cornfields, and the Tin Woodman was a criminal so heartless he was sentenced to be placed in a tin suit for eternity; this torture softened him into someone gentle and kind. His vision was similar", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "6377279", "text": "version. Another major departure from the book and the later film is that the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion are not actually characters, but are only disguises donned by the three farm hands after they are swept into Oz by a tornado. Dorothy in the film is also identified as being 18 years old, an appreciably older character than in the 1939 production, where Judy Garland's Dorothy is presented as a preadolescent, a girl just beginning to enter her teenage years. In an even more radical departure from the original book, the Tin Man is portrayed as", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1925 film)" }, { "id": "13750511", "text": "14-0 victory over a Tennessee Volunteers team that had previously gone undefeated for 23 games and unscored upon for the previous 16 games (including the entire 1939 regular season); he was named the game's most valuable player. He went on to be the MVP in the 1940 College All-Star Game, held at Soldier Field in Chicago. During the end of his college career, he appeared in \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939) as a Winkie guard and as Jack Haley's Tin Man stunt double. He also appeared in \"Sailor's Lady\" (1940). Although selected by the Green Bay Packers in the 1940", "title": "Ambrose Schindler" }, { "id": "7239051", "text": "filmmaker. Other reported cast members include Hobart Bosworth, Robert Z. Leonard, Eugenie Besserer, Winifred Greenwood, Lillian Leighton, Olive Cox, Marcia Moore, and Alvin Wycoff. Swartz suggests Bosworth was the Scarecrow and Leonard the Tin Woodman, but photographs of the actors make this appear unlikely and suggest that Bosworth was the Wizard and Leonard the Scarecrow. Based on photographs, and assuming the cast list is correct, it appears that Cox is Glinda and Leighton is the servant who pulls out a list of Union rules. Besserer is most likely Momba, and Greenwood likely to be Aunt Em. There is quite a", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)" }, { "id": "4257348", "text": "Gregory Maguire's novel \"\", Toto is a minor character who is only described as being vile and annoying. In the musical adaption \"Wicked\", he is only mentioned briefly when Glinda mistakenly calls him \"Dodo\". In the 1939 movie \"The Wizard of Oz\", Toto was played by a female brindle Cairn Terrier named Terry. She was paid a $125 salary each week, which was more than some of the human actors (the Singer Midgets who played the Munchkins reportedly received $50 to $100 a week). During production, Terry's foot was broken when one of the Winkie guards accidentally stepped on it.", "title": "Toto (Oz)" }, { "id": "8091384", "text": "The Jitterbug \"The Jitterbug\" was a song sung by Dorothy, together with the Scarecrow, Tin Man and Cowardly Lion, that was cut from the soundtrack of the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". It was both a jazzy development of the plot and a nod to the then-popular bobby-soxer dance craze. As the song begins, the four friends see a jitterbug flitting in the shadows from tree to tree and become frightened. The refrain that they sing is: \"Oh, the bats and the bees and the breeze in the trees have a terrible, horrible buzz/But the bats and the bees", "title": "The Jitterbug" }, { "id": "10284371", "text": "\"New Faces of 1956\". He is best known for his portrayal of the Tin Man in the original Broadway cast of \"The Wiz\" (a role assumed by Nipsey Russell in the 1978 film adaptation). He also made several television appearances on programs such as \"The Cosby Show\" (1989) and \"In the Heat of the Night\" (1989), as well as numerous minor film appearances in films such as \"All That Jazz\" (1979) and \"Ratboy\" (1986). Tiger Haynes George \"Tiger\" Haynes (December 13, 1914 - February 14, 1994), sometimes billed as Colonel Tiger Haynes, was an American actor of musical theatre, television", "title": "Tiger Haynes" }, { "id": "2455574", "text": "Bert Lahr Irving Lahrheim (August 13, 1895 – December 4, 1967) stage name Bert Lahr, was an American actor of stage and screen, vaudevillian and comedian. Lahr is best known for his role as the Cowardly Lion, as well as his counterpart Kansas farmworker \"Zeke\", in the MGM adaptation of \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939). He was well known for his explosive humor, but also adapted well to dramatic roles and his work in burlesque, vaudeville, and on Broadway. Lahr was born as Irving Lahrheim, in New York City, the son of Augusta (1871-1932) and Jacob Lahrheim (1870-1947). His parents", "title": "Bert Lahr" }, { "id": "2888794", "text": "different color\" scene, Jell-O powder was used to color the white horses. Asbestos was used to achieve some of the special effects like the witch's burning broomstick and the fake snow that covers Dorothy as she sleeps in the field of poppies. The film is widely noted for its musical selections and soundtrack. The music was composed by Harold Arlen, and the lyrics were written by Yip Harburg, both of whom won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow\". The song was ranked first in two lists: the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs and the Recording Industry", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "1265261", "text": "Katherine Dunham, the Andrews Sisters, Ted Lewis, Judy Garland, the Mills Brothers, Billy Cotton, Guy Lombardo, Chick Webb, Louis Jordan, Bob Crosby, Bill Kenny & the Ink Spots, the Dorsey Brothers (and subsequently Jimmy Dorsey after the brothers split), Connee Boswell and Jack Hylton, Victor Young, Earl Hines, Claude Hopkins, Ethel Smith, and Sister Rosetta Tharpe. In 1940, American Decca released the first album of songs from the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". However, it was not a soundtrack album but a cover version featuring only Judy Garland from the film, with other roles taken by the Ken Darby", "title": "Decca Records" }, { "id": "2888823", "text": "it left the stage and an unsuccessful motion picture made in 1978, starring Diana Ross as Dorothy and Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow. In 1985, Walt Disney Productions released the live-action fantasy film \"Return to Oz\", which starred (and introduced) Fairuza Balk as a young Dorothy Gale. Based loosely on \"The Marvelous Land of Oz\" (1904) and \"Ozma of Oz\" (1907), it fared rather poorly with critics who were unfamiliar with the \"Oz\" books and was not successful at the box office, although it has since become a popular cult film, with many considering it a more loyal and faithful", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "1382312", "text": "at the time of the casting, Fleming was working on the film \"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde\", which featured a British producer and a cast largely composed of British or British Commonwealth actors. Furthermore, Revere did not know Fleming beyond their professional relationship. Victor Fleming Victor Lonzo Fleming (February 23, 1889 – January 6, 1949) was an American film director, cinematographer, and producer. His most popular films were \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939), and \"Gone with the Wind\" (1939), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director. Fleming has those same two films listed in the top 10", "title": "Victor Fleming" }, { "id": "8862350", "text": "Billy Curtis Billy Curtis (born Luigi Curto, June 27, 1909 – November 9, 1988) was an American film and television actor with notably remembered as a midget, who had a 50-year career in the entertainment industry. The bulk of his work was in the western and science fiction genres. One of his early roles was uncredited as a Munchkin city father in \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939). He had a featured role as part of the circus troupe in Alfred Hitchcock's \"Saboteur\" (1942). He also appeared in \"Superman and the Mole Men\" (1951), a B-Picture intended as the pilot for", "title": "Billy Curtis" }, { "id": "2888801", "text": "at the Strand Theatre in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, on August 12. The Hollywood premiere was on August 15, 1939, at Grauman's Chinese Theatre. The New York City premiere, held at Loew's Capitol Theatre on August 17, 1939, was followed by a live performance with Garland and her frequent film co-star Mickey Rooney. They continued to perform there after each screening for a week, extended in Rooney's case for a second week and in Garland's to three (with \"Oz\" co-stars Ray Bolger and Bert Lahr replacing Rooney for the third and final week). The film opened nationwide on August 25, 1939. According", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "10254559", "text": "Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz The songs from the 1939 musical fantasy film \"The Wizard of Oz\" have taken their place among the most famous and instantly recognizable American songs of all time, and the film's principal song, \"Over the Rainbow\", is perhaps the most famous song ever written for a film. Music and lyrics were by Harold Arlen and E.Y. \"Yip\" Harburg, who won an Academy Award for Best Song for \"Over the Rainbow\". Herbert Stothart, who underscored the film, won an Academy Award for Best Original Score. Some of that underscoring was, of course, based on", "title": "Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "1520434", "text": "See the Wizard\". Ebsen's recording of the Tin Man's only solo song, \"If I Only Had a Heart\", still exists and is included on the two-CD Deluxe Edition of the film's soundtrack, while a still photo recreation of the sequence featuring shots of Ebsen as the Tin Man was included as an extra with all VHS and DVD releases of the film since 1989. For the rest of his life, Ebsen complained of breathing problems from his involvement in \"that damned movie\". Nonetheless, he outlived all of the major cast members of \"The Wizard of Oz.\" After recovering from the", "title": "Buddy Ebsen" }, { "id": "8862352", "text": "had a starring role in American International Pictures' \"Little Cigars\" (1973), about a gang of small people on a crime spree. Curtis died November 9, 1988, in Dayton, Nevada of a heart attack. Billy Curtis Billy Curtis (born Luigi Curto, June 27, 1909 – November 9, 1988) was an American film and television actor with notably remembered as a midget, who had a 50-year career in the entertainment industry. The bulk of his work was in the western and science fiction genres. One of his early roles was uncredited as a Munchkin city father in \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939).", "title": "Billy Curtis" }, { "id": "10254568", "text": "the album was conducted by Victor Young. In the \"Munchkinland\" medley, the Ken Darby Singers provided the voices of the Munchkins, but they were not altered to sound \"chipmunk\"-like, as in the film. The role of Glinda was sung by an unnamed soprano with an operatic voice, and in the song \"If I Only Had A Heart\", the role of the Tin Man was sung by a tenor whose voice bordered on falsetto. The two songs Garland sang on the album, \"Over the Rainbow\" and \"The Jitterbug\", had already been released as a 78-rpm single in 1939 only a month", "title": "Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "13138877", "text": "The Wizard of A.I.D.S. The Wizard of A.I.D.S.: Aware Individuals Deserving Survival is a short musical play created by the AIDS Educational Theatre (now HealthWorks Theatre) in Chicago in 1987. The play, which parodies the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\", is an AIDS education piece that follows Dorothy Gale and her friends from the \"Land of AIDS\" as they battle the \"Wicked Witch of Unsafe Sex\" and learn how to prevent the spread of HIV. Along the way, the Scarecrow learns to use his brain to make good choices to avoid infection, the Tin Man finds it in his", "title": "The Wizard of A.I.D.S." }, { "id": "3667201", "text": "able to finish the project, copyrighted 1971, released in 1972 in the UK and 1974 in the U.S. It features Liza Minnelli voicing Dorothy (played in the 1939 film by her mother Judy Garland, and in what would have been her first major role had the film been released as originally intended). Other voices were by Ethel Merman, Milton Berle, Mickey Rooney, Paul Lynde, Herschel Bernardi, Paul Ford, Danny Thomas, Margaret Hamilton (also from the 1939 film, but now playing Aunt Em rather than the Wicked Witch of the West, who died in the earlier film), and opera singer Risë", "title": "Journey Back to Oz" }, { "id": "7439952", "text": "Force\" (1943). Terry died at age 11 in Hollywood on September 1, 1945, and was buried at Spitz's ranch in Studio City, Los Angeles. The grave was destroyed during the construction of the Ventura Freeway in 1958. On June 18, 2011, a permanent memorial for Terry was dedicated at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles. Terry (dog) Terry (November 17, 1933 – September 1, 1945) was a female Cairn Terrier performer who appeared in 16 different movies, most famously as Toto in the film \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939). It was her only credited role, though she was credited", "title": "Terry (dog)" }, { "id": "2888775", "text": "presented to her. But Baum biographer Michael Patrick Hearn says the Baum family denies ever seeing the coat or knowing of the story; Hamilton considered it a concocted studio rumor. Filming commenced October 13, 1938, on the MGM lot in Culver City, California, under the direction of Richard Thorpe (replacing original director Norman Taurog, who filmed only a few early Technicolor tests and was then reassigned). Thorpe initially shot about two weeks of footage (nine days in total) involving Dorothy's first encounter with the Scarecrow, as well as a number of sequences in the Wicked Witch's castle, such as Dorothy's", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "13339090", "text": "Lewis Croft Lewis Croft (May 2, 1919 – April 29, 2008) was an American actor with dwarfism, best known for his role as a Munchkin soldier in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". Lewis Croft was born in Shelley, Idaho in 1919 to Samuel and Roseland Crofts. Growing up in a large family, he was the fourth of 14 children. He left home when he turned 16 to work in circuses and sideshows under the stage name \"Idaho Lewis\" in order to support himself and his other siblings. Shortly after, he was offered a role in The Wizard of", "title": "Lewis Croft" }, { "id": "6524577", "text": "1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\", the monkeys are apparently intelligent enough to obey commands, but do not speak, though they do in the book. They abduct Dorothy and dismantle the Scarecrow, but do nothing to the Tin Man or the Cowardly Lion, leaving them free to put the Scarecrow back together and rescue Dorothy. There is no mention of any three wishes in the film, suggesting that the monkeys serve the witch unconditionally. Nikko (the head monkey) is shown again after the Witch orders him to throw a basket containing the dog Toto in the river (an order that", "title": "Winged monkeys" }, { "id": "11251900", "text": "Earth\" in 1937. Two years later, Dawn was assigned the task of giving life to three non-human characters - a scarecrow, a tin man, and a lion - in MGM's now-classic musical film \"The Wizard of Oz\", based on L. Frank Baum's novel. He also created the green makeup for Wicked Witch of the West Margaret Hamilton and multiple looks for Frank Morgan, who portrayed five different characters in the film, as well as for the Munchkins. His work resulted in some of the most recognizable makeup designs ever created for a Hollywood production. In 1943, Dawn approached the San", "title": "Jack Dawn" }, { "id": "2888805", "text": "can they, without a few betraying jolts and split-screen overlappings, bring down from the sky the great soap bubble in which Glinda rides and roll it smoothly into place.\" According to Nugent, \"Judy Garland's Dorothy is a pert and fresh-faced miss with the wonder-lit eyes of a believer in fairy tales, but the Baum fantasy is at its best when the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Lion are on the move.\" Writing in \"Variety\", John C. Flinn predicted that the film was \"likely to perform some record-breaking feats of box-office magic,\" noting, \"Some of the scenic passages are so", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "13339093", "text": "Cemetery. Lewis Croft Lewis Croft (May 2, 1919 – April 29, 2008) was an American actor with dwarfism, best known for his role as a Munchkin soldier in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". Lewis Croft was born in Shelley, Idaho in 1919 to Samuel and Roseland Crofts. Growing up in a large family, he was the fourth of 14 children. He left home when he turned 16 to work in circuses and sideshows under the stage name \"Idaho Lewis\" in order to support himself and his other siblings. Shortly after, he was offered a role in The Wizard", "title": "Lewis Croft" }, { "id": "1320477", "text": "Samuels (formerly of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Manassas) was called to fill in for Dickey, who was not available. The trio soon found themselves in the Top Ten once again with the first single from \"Holiday\", the Bunnell-penned \"Tin Man\", which reached No. 4, featuring cryptic lyrics set to a Wizard of Oz theme. \"Lonely People\" (a song written by the newly wed Dan and Catherine Peek) followed \"Tin Man\" into the top ten in early 1975, becoming Dan Peek's only credited song to reach there, peaking at No. 5. Martin worked with the trio again for their", "title": "America (band)" }, { "id": "19341454", "text": "\"Return to Oz\" (1985), \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\", \"Tin Man\" (a re-imagining of the story televised in late 2007 on the Sci Fi Channel), and a variety of animated productions. Today's most successful Broadway show \"Wicked\" provides a history to the two Oz witches used in the classic MGM film. Gregory Maguire, author of the novel \"Wicked\" on which the musical is based, chose to honor L. Frank Baum by naming his main character Elphaba—a phonetic play on Baum's initials. The film \"Oz the Great and Powerful\" (2013) pays homage to MGM's film \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939) and", "title": "L. Frank Baum bibliography" }, { "id": "7405992", "text": "Tales of the Wizard of Oz Tales of the Wizard of Oz is a 1961 animated television series produced by Crawley Films for Videocraft (later known as Rankin/Bass Productions). This is the second animated series produced by the studio, and the first by Rankin/Bass to feature traditional animation. The series features stories derived from characters created in L. Frank Baum's book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". Several characters are given additional names, including Dandy the Cowardly Lion, Rusty the Tin Man, and Socrates the Scarecrow. Artistic renditions of the Oz characters created for this series were later featured in the", "title": "Tales of the Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "15759129", "text": "Oz the Great and Powerful Oz the Great and Powerful is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi and written by David Lindsay-Abaire and Mitchell Kapner. Based on L. Frank Baum's \"Oz\" novels and set 20 years before the events of the original novel, the film is a spiritual prequel to the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film \"The Wizard of Oz\". Starring James Franco, Michelle Williams, Rachel Weisz, Mila Kunis, Zach Braff, Bill Cobbs, Joey King and Tony Cox, the film tells the story of Oscar Diggs, a deceptive magician who arrives in the Land of Oz and encounters", "title": "Oz the Great and Powerful" }, { "id": "2888750", "text": "earning only $3,017,000 on a $2,777,000 budget, not including promotional costs, which made it MGM's most expensive production at that time. The 1956 television broadcast premiere of the film on the CBS network reintroduced the film to the public; watching it became an annual tradition and, according to the Library of Congress, it is the most seen film in movie history. It was among the first 25 films that inaugurated the National Film Registry list in 1989. It is also one of the few films on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film is among the top ten in", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "13093628", "text": "early 1990s Kearney was commissioned by the Oz Park Advisory council to create the first of the four statues. He later went on to create a total of four: The Tin Man, The Cowardly Lion, The Scarecrow, and Dorothy & Toto. Installed in October 1995 the Tin Man sculpture stands at the northeast corner of the park near the intersection of Lincoln, Webster, and Larrabee. It is made from old automobile parts, which is Kearney's signature medium. The plaque below the statue reads \"The Tin Man from \"The Wizard of Oz\" by Frank Baum welcomes you to Oz Park. A", "title": "Oz Park" }, { "id": "1512954", "text": "Ray Bolger Raymond Wallace Bolger (January 10, 1904 – January 15, 1987) was an American film and television actor, vaudevillian, TV presenter, singer, dancer (particularly of tap) and stage performer (particularly musical theatre) who started in the silent film era. He was a major Broadway performer in the 1930s and beyond (see below). He is best known for his role as the Scarecrow and his Kansas counterpart farm worker \"Hunk\" in MGM's classic \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939) and the villainous Barnaby in Walt Disney's musical fantasy \"Babes in Toyland\". He was also the host of his eponymous television show,", "title": "Ray Bolger" }, { "id": "12132887", "text": "Clarence Swensen August Clarence Swensen (December 29, 1917 – February 25, 2009) was an American actor and was one of the last surviving Munchkins from the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". Swensen was born in 1917 and grew up in Austin, Texas. He was not allowed to attend a public school until he was nine because of his size. At 4ft 6in, he played one of the 25 Munchkin soldiers in the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\". He also appeared in \"The Terror of Tiny Town\" as a preacher. Many of his \"Oz\" co-stars were cast members of", "title": "Clarence Swensen" }, { "id": "9935906", "text": "to the \"International Herald Tribune\", \"Wide-eyed or no, Deschanel didn't want to reprise Garland's pigtailed Dorothy in \"Tin Man\". 'That was such an incredible performance that there's no need to repeat it,' she said. 'I wanted to make this role my own. In another interview, Deschanel elaborated that when preparing for her role she did not re-watch the 1939 film, because the \"whole point was to reinvent it. I wouldn't be interested in just re-making the film because it is such a classic film. I love that film. Plus, it's so great, you don't want to be trying to improve", "title": "Tin Man (miniseries)" }, { "id": "7439949", "text": "Terry (dog) Terry (November 17, 1933 – September 1, 1945) was a female Cairn Terrier performer who appeared in 16 different movies, most famously as Toto in the film \"The Wizard of Oz\" (1939). It was her only credited role, though she was credited not as Terry but as Toto. She was owned and trained by Carl Spitz. Terry, born in the midst of the Great Depression, was trained and owned by Carl Spitz. Her first film appearance was in \"Ready for Love\" (1934) which was released on November 30, 1934, roughly one month before her first major film appearance,", "title": "Terry (dog)" }, { "id": "2888827", "text": "at the Capitol Theatre, Sydney beginning December 2017. An animated film called \"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz\" was released in 2011 by Warner Home Video, incorporating Tom and Jerry into the story as Dorothy's \"protectors\". A sequel titled \"\" was released on DVD on June 21, 2016. In 2013, Walt Disney Pictures released a spiritual prequel titled \"Oz the Great and Powerful\". It was directed by Sam Raimi, and starred James Franco, Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz and Michelle Williams. It was the second film based on Baum's \"Oz\" series to be produced by Disney, after \"Return to", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "1474639", "text": "with the Wind\"), contemporary affairs (\"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\" and \"Of Mice and Men\"), love stories, classic novels (\"Wuthering Heights\"), fantasies/musicals, (\"The Wizard of Oz\"), tragic plays (\"Dark Victory\"), westerns (\"Stagecoach\"), and comedies (\"Ninotchka\"). Each of the five nominees for Best Director of 1939 went on to become a legendary film director with multiple acclaimed films to his credit: Frank Capra, Victor Fleming, John Ford, Sam Wood, and William Wyler. These figures, as reported in the \"Box Office Digest\" of March 1940, are not necessarily the sums that were taken in during 1939 – and in particular for films", "title": "1939 in film" }, { "id": "1622064", "text": "Ruby slippers The ruby slippers are the magic pair of shoes worn by Dorothy Gale as played by Judy Garland in the classic 1939 MGM musical movie \"The Wizard of Oz\". Because of their iconic stature, the ruby slippers are now considered among the most treasured and valuable items of film memorabilia. As is customary for important props, a number of pairs were made for the film, though the exact number is unknown. Five pairs are known to have survived; one pair was stolen from a museum in Grand Rapids, MN in August 2005 and was finally recovered in September", "title": "Ruby slippers" }, { "id": "2888796", "text": "to be dropped from the cast due to illness from the aluminum powder makeup, his singing voice remained in the soundtrack (as noted in the notes for the CD Deluxe Edition). In the group vocals of \"We're Off to See the Wizard\", his voice can be heard. Haley spoke with a distinct Boston accent, thus did not pronounce the \"r\" in \"wizard\". By contrast, Ebsen was a Midwesterner, like Garland, and pronounced it. Haley rerecorded Ebsen's solo parts later. Some musical pieces filmed were deleted in the editing process. The song \"The Jitterbug\", written in a swing style, was intended", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2763065", "text": "on decorating shop windows when he wrote \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", was reportedly inspired to invent the Tin Woodman by a figure he had built out of metal parts for a shop display. Originally an ordinary man by the name of Nick Chopper (the name first appearing in \"The Marvelous Land of Oz\"), the Tin Woodman used to make his living chopping down trees in the forests of Oz, as his father had before him. The Wicked Witch of the West enchanted his axe to prevent him from marrying his sweetheart, after being bribed by the lazy old woman", "title": "Tin Woodman" }, { "id": "8096775", "text": "The Merry Old Land of Oz \"The Merry Old Land of Oz\" is a song from the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\" and the musical. It is sung by the townspeople of the Emerald City, who are joined at appropriate times by the group of four travelers: Dorothy (with Toto), Scarecrow, Tin Man and Cowardly Lion. It was written by lyricist E.Y. Harburg and composer Harold Arlen. The verse of the song suggests that the people of the city do no actual work, since they \"get up at twelve, and start to work at one, take an hour for", "title": "The Merry Old Land of Oz" }, { "id": "9935911", "text": "most-watched telecast in the network's history and the top rated cable mini-series of 2007. The second part averaged 4.4 million viewers, and the final part had 5.1 million. \"Tin Man\" was a Critics' Choice Television Award nominee. It was nominated for nine Primetime Emmy Awards in 2008 including the Outstanding Mini-series category and multiple categories related to films special effects, costuming, editing, and sound editing. Of those nominations, it won only one award, for \"Outstanding Makeup For A Mini-series Or A Movie (non-prosthetic)\". \"Variety\" called it a \"semi-surreal adaptation of \"The Wizard of Oz\" stitched together from bits of \"The", "title": "Tin Man (miniseries)" }, { "id": "2888780", "text": "better suit Dorothy's initial meeting with the Scarecrow (initially, it was to contrast with his lively manner in Thorpe's footage), and was rerecorded as such. At first thought to be lost for over seven decades, a recording of this original version was rediscovered in 2009. Cukor did not actually shoot any scenes for the film, merely acting as something of a \"creative advisor\" to the troubled production, and, because of his prior commitment to direct \"Gone with the Wind\", he left on November 3, 1938, when Victor Fleming assumed directorial responsibility. As director, Fleming chose not to shift the film", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" } ]

[ "isolationist" ]

[ { "id": "6354903", "text": "assuage the suspicions and alleviate the resentments of Asian neighbors who had suffered from Japanese colonial rule and imperialist aggression in the past. Japan's diplomacy toward its Asian neighbors, therefore, tended to be extremely low-key, conciliatory, and nonassertive. With respect to the world at large, the nation avoided political issues and concentrated on economic goals. Under its omnidirectional diplomacy, it sought to cultivate friendly ties with all nations, proclaimed a policy of \"separation of politics and economics,\" and adhered to a neutral position on some East-West issues. During the 1950s and 1960s, foreign policy actions were guided by three basic", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "6354900", "text": "to as the \"peace constitution\"; and generally took a passive, low-profile role in world affairs. Relations with other countries were governed by what the leadership called \"omnidirectional diplomacy,\" which was essentially a policy of maintaining political neutrality in foreign affairs while expanding economic relations wherever possible. This policy was highly successful and allowed Japan to prosper and grow as an economic power, but it was feasible only while the country enjoyed the security and economic stability provided by its ally, the United States. When Japan regained its sovereignty in 1952 and reentered the international community as an independent nation, it", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "6354904", "text": "principles: close cooperation with the United States for both security and economic reasons; promotion of a free-trade system congenial to Japan's own economic needs; and international cooperation through the United Nations (UN)—to which it was admitted in 1956—and other multilateral bodies. Adherence to these principles worked well and contributed to phenomenal economic recovery and growth during the first two decades after the end of the occupation. In the 1970s, the basic postwar principles remained unchanged but were approached from a new perspective, owing to the pressure of practical politics at home and abroad. There was growing domestic pressure on the", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "6316349", "text": "of the emperor.” In time, Japan formed a corps of professional diplomats through education. Modern Japan's foreign policy was shaped at the outset by its need to reconcile its Asian identity with its desire for status and security in an international order dominated by the West. The principal foreign policy goals of the Meiji period (1868–1912) were to protect the integrity and independence of the nation against Western domination and to win equality of status with the leading nations of the West by reversing the unequal treaties. Because fear of Western military power was the chief concern of the Meiji", "title": "Foreign relations of Meiji Japan" }, { "id": "6354933", "text": "policy of pacifism and passivism. This began to change in the late eighties and early nineties, in tandem with a shift in national identity, as understood via a change in its conception of its international role as a great economic power. Among the major catalysts were a shift in Japan’s national security objectives, and widespread criticism of its “checkbook diplomacy” policy during the first Gulf War. This shift, ultimately, moved Japan from the realm of pacifism into a more activist assertive power. It was characterized by increased participation in international and regional organizations (monetarily) and by increased participation in global", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "2983999", "text": "borders between Japan and Russia. Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. This policy had two main objectives. One was the fear that trade with western powers and the spread of Christianity would serve as a pretext for the invasion of Japan by imperialist forces, as had been the case with most of the nations of Asia. The second objective was fear that foreign trade", "title": "Treaty of Shimoda" }, { "id": "6354902", "text": "continued to maintain bases and troops on Japanese soil. Japan's foreign policy goals during most of the early postwar period were essentially to regain economic viability and establish its credibility as a peaceful member of the world community. National security was entrusted to the protective shield and nuclear umbrella of the United States, which was permitted under the security pact that came into effect in April 1952 to deploy its forces in and about Japan. The pact provided a framework governing the use of United States forces against military threats—internal or external—in the region. A special diplomatic task was to", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "3999226", "text": "Japanese warship Shōhei Maru \"Shōhei Maru\" should not be confused with the World War II passenger/cargo vessel of the same name, sunk by the submarine off of Korea. Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate ruling Japan pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. No foreigners were allowed to set foot in Japan, and no Japanese was permitted to travel abroad. In June 1635 a law was proclaimed prohibiting the construction of", "title": "Japanese warship Shōhei Maru" }, { "id": "6354910", "text": "especially those that provided Japan with vital energy and raw material supplies. Soon after, in the troublesome year of 1979, Japan's leaders welcomed the reassertion of United States military power in Asian and world affairs following the Islamic revolution in Iran, the Teheran hostage crisis, and the Soviet military invasion of Afghanistan. Japanese leaders played a strong supporting role in curbing economic and other interaction with the Soviet Union and its allies in order to help check the expansion of Soviet power in sensitive areas among the developing world countries. Japanese thinking on foreign policy was also influenced by the", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "6316340", "text": "Foreign relations of Meiji Japan During the Meiji period, the new Government of Meiji Japan also modernized foreign policy, an important step in making Japan a full member of the international community. The traditional East Asia worldview was based not on an international society of national units but on cultural distinctions and tributary relationships. Monks, scholars, and artists, rather than professional diplomatic envoys, had generally served as the conveyors of foreign policy. Foreign relations were related more to the sovereign's desires than to the public interest. When the Tokugawa seclusion (the sakoku policy) was forcibly breached in 1853–54 by Commodore", "title": "Foreign relations of Meiji Japan" }, { "id": "875004", "text": "of Japan during this time. Isolationism was the foreign policy of Japan and trade was strictly controlled. Merchants were outsiders to the social hierarchy of Japan and were thought to be greedy. The visits of the Nanban ships from Portugal were at first the main vector of trade exchanges, followed by the addition of Dutch, English and sometimes Spanish ships. From 1603 onward, Japan started to participate actively in foreign trade. In 1615, an embassy and trade mission under Hasekura Tsunenaga was sent across the Pacific to Nueva España (New Spain) on the Japanese-built galleon \"San Juan Bautista\". Until 1635,", "title": "Tokugawa shogunate" }, { "id": "6261661", "text": "Japanese warship Asahi Maru Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate ruling Japan pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. No foreigners were allowed to set foot in Japan, and no Japanese was permitted to travel abroad. In June 1635 a law was proclaimed prohibiting the construction of large, ocean-capable vessels. However, by the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1846, an official American expedition led", "title": "Japanese warship Asahi Maru" }, { "id": "2020375", "text": "Ryūkyū), while Tsushima Domain handled diplomatic and trade relations with Joseon-dynasty Korea, and Matsumae Domain managed communications with the Ainu, the indigenous people of Hokkaido, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, as well as limited communication with related peoples on the mainland close to Sakhalin. Japan in this period has often been described as \"closed\", or under \"sakoku\" (鎖国, \"chained country\"), but since the 1980s, if not earlier, scholars have argued for the use of terms such as \"maritime restrictions\" or \"kaikin\" (海禁, \"maritime restrictions\"), emphasizing the fact that Japan was not \"closed\" to the outside world, but was in fact", "title": "Tokugawa Iemitsu" }, { "id": "2020383", "text": "period of \"maritime restrictions\", from the 1630s until the 1850s, is, as described above, very commonly referred to as \"sakoku\", or as \"the Closed Country\", but many scholars today argue against the notion that Japan was \"closed\". They argue that Japan's international relations policies during this period should be understood, rather, as simply being aimed at keeping international interactions under tight control; furthermore, they emphasize that Japan was not alone in seeking to control, and limit, international interactions, and that in fact nearly every major power at the time had policies in place dictating who could trade, at which ports,", "title": "Tokugawa Iemitsu" }, { "id": "8175164", "text": "Japanese warship Chōyō Maru Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate ruling Japan pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. No foreigners were allowed to set foot in Japan, and no Japanese was permitted to travel aboard. In June 1635 a law was proclaimed prohibiting the construction of large, ocean-capable vessels. However, by the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1844, King William II of the", "title": "Japanese warship Chōyō Maru" }, { "id": "6261549", "text": "Japanese warship Hōō Maru Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate ruling Japan pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. No foreigners were allowed to set foot in Japan, and no Japanese was permitted to travel abroad. In June 1635 a law was proclaimed prohibiting the construction of large, ocean-capable vessels. However, by the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1846, an official American expedition led", "title": "Japanese warship Hōō Maru" }, { "id": "14214728", "text": "abroad, return from overseas, or build ocean-going vessels. The only Europeans allowed on Japanese soil were the Dutch, who were granted a single trading post on the island of Dejima. China and Korea were the only other countries permitted to trade, and many foreign books were banned from import. During the first century of Tokugawa rule, Japan's population doubled to thirty million, due in large part to agricultural growth; the population remained stable for the rest of the period. The shogunate's construction of roads, elimination of road and bridge tolls, and standardization of coinage promoted commercial expansion that also benefited", "title": "History of Japan" }, { "id": "4077205", "text": "barely any foreign trade from other countries, with exception to Chinese and Dutch merchant. Japanese residences were strictly monitored by the Government. People were not allowed to leave the country, with consequence of death penalty. Foreigners were in the same situation, anyone who attempted to enter Japan's territory would be killed by the soldiers right away. The entire country was dictated by Tokugawa government. The Sakoku policy was adopted by the ruler for preventing invaders, and keeping their national characteristics and national religion. This policy was banned after the Edo Period (1603–1868). The country was re-opened to the world in", "title": "Jōō (Edo period)" }, { "id": "8920059", "text": "century, the ruling Tokugawa shogunate of Japan pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki. However, by the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. Following the Perry Expedition and with the increased threat to Japanese sovereignty posed by the European powers and their Black ships, the Japanese government turned towards the Dutch for technical and military assistance. The Nagasaki Naval Training Center was opened in 1855 with Dutch military advisors to teach the Japanese about steam", "title": "Jan Karel van den Broek" }, { "id": "14214674", "text": "and was appointed \"shōgun\" by the Emperor. The Tokugawa shogunate, which governed from Edo (modern Tokyo), presided over a prosperous and peaceful era known as the Edo period (1600–1868). The Tokugawa shogunate imposed a strict class system on Japanese society and cut off almost all contact with the outside world. Portugal and Japan started their first affiliation in 1543, making the Portuguese the first Europeans to reach Japan by landing in the southern archipelago of Japan. The Netherlands was the first to establish trade relations with Japan, Japan–Netherlands relations dating back to 1609. The American Perry Expedition in 1853–54 more", "title": "History of Japan" }, { "id": "10017556", "text": "Heian Era, if not before then). Westerners had been termed \"barbarians\" by the Japanese since their arrival in the 16th century. The first Tokugawa Shōgun, Tokugawa Ieyasu, expelled all foreign powers from Japan and closed it off from the rest of the world. The Dutch were allowed one trading port at Nagasaki which was under strict regulation. Aside from this one small Dutch trading port, Japan remained closed off until 1854 when the shogunate signed a treaty allowing the \"barbarians\" access to the country of Japan for the purpose of trade. Of course it would be the duty of the", "title": "Mito Domain" }, { "id": "1788243", "text": "During 1853 and 1854, American warships under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry entered Edo Bay and made demonstrations of force requesting trade negotiations. After two hundred years of seclusion the 1854 Convention of Kanagawa led to the opening of Japan to international trade and interaction. This was soon followed by the 1858 Treaty of Amity and Commerce and treaties with other powers. As soon as Japan opened up to foreign influences, the Tokugawa shogunate recognized the vulnerability of the country from the sea and initiated an active policy of assimilation and adoption of Western naval technologies. In 1855, with", "title": "Imperial Japanese Navy" }, { "id": "4382863", "text": "threat. Based on work conducted by Japanese historians in the 1970s, some scholars have challenged this view, believing it to be only a partial explanation of political reality. The motivations for the gradual strengthening of the maritime prohibitions during the early 17th century should be considered within the context of the Tokugawa bakufu's domestic agenda. One element of this agenda was to acquire sufficient control over Japan's foreign policy so as not only to guarantee social peace, but also to maintain Tokugawa supremacy over the other powerful lords in the country, particularly the \"tozama daimyōs\". These \"daimyōs\" had used East", "title": "Sakoku" }, { "id": "16395155", "text": "Sun Shin. The invasion was a failure but severely damaged the Korean cities, culture and countryside with huge civilian casualties (the Japanese massacred civilians in captured Korean cities). The invasions also drained Ming China's treasury and left it weak against the Manchus, who eventually destroyed the Ming Dynasty and created the Qing dynasty in 1644. Afterwards, Japan, under the Tokugawa shogunate adopted a policy of isolationism until forced open by Commodore Perry in the 1850s. After the arrival of Commodore Perry and the forced opening of Japan to western trading, Japan realized it needed to modernize to avoid the humiliation", "title": "History of China–Japan relations" }, { "id": "208057", "text": "part in the Western world's confrontation of the Soviet Union in East Asia. In the rapid economic developments in the 1960s and 1970s, Japan recovered its influences and became regarded as one of the major powers in the world. However, Japanese influences are regarded as negative by two particular countries: China and South Korea. During the Cold War, Japanese foreign policy was not self-assertive, relatively focused on their economic growth. However, the end of the Cold War and bitter lessons from the Gulf War changed the policy slowly. Japanese government decided to participate in the Peacekeeping operations by the UN,", "title": "Foreign relations of Japan" }, { "id": "6202699", "text": "Japanese barque Kankō Maru Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate ruling Japan pursued a policy of isolating the country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. No foreigners were allowed to set foot in Japan, and no Japanese was permitted to travel aboard. In June 1635 a law was proclaimed prohibiting the construction of large, ocean-capable vessels. However, by the early nineteenth century, this policy of isolation was increasingly under challenge. In 1844, King William II of the", "title": "Japanese barque Kankō Maru" }, { "id": "6354911", "text": "rise of a new postwar generation to leadership and policy-making positions. The differences in outlook between the older leaders still in positions of power and influence and the younger generation that was replacing them complicated formulation of foreign policy. Under Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone, a more hawkish stance on foreign policy was introduced. Japan built up a close political-military relationship with the United States as part of a de facto international front of a number of developed and developing countries intent on checking Soviet expansion. Japan's defense spending continued to grow steadily despite overall budgetary restraint. Japan became increasingly active", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "4649828", "text": "important matter of trading rights to Townsend Harris, another US envoy who negotiated with the Tokugawa shogunate; the treaty is therefore often referred to as the \"Harris Treaty\". It took two years to break down Japanese resistance, but with the threat of looming British demands for similar privileges, the Tokugawa government eventually capitulated. Among the most important points were: The agreement served as a model for similar treaties signed by Japan with other foreign countries in the ensuing weeks. These Unequal Treaties curtailed Japanese sovereignty for the first time in its history; more importantly, it revealed Japan's growing weakness, and", "title": "Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan)" }, { "id": "1441412", "text": "Korea to retreat. Tokugawa Ieyasu, one of the regents, took control of most of the former leader's forces. In 1600, he won the battle of Sekigahara and solidified his rule. In 1603, he received the title of \"shōgun\", making him the nominal ruler of the entire country. This period was one of relative peace under the authority of the Tokugawa shogunate, a forced peace that was maintained through a variety of measures that weakened the \"daimyōs\" and ensured their loyalty to the shogunate. The Tokugawa peace was ruptured only rarely and briefly prior to the violence that surrounded the Meiji", "title": "Military history of Japan" }, { "id": "6354918", "text": "governments centers on how Japan will employ this growing economic power. Inside Japan, both elite and popular opinion expressed growing support for a more prominent international role, proportionate to the nation's economic power, foreign assistance, trade, and investment. But the traditional post–World War II reluctance to take a greater military role in the world remained. A firm consensus continued to support the 1960 Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security and other bilateral agreements with the United States as the keystones of Japan's security policy. However, Japanese officials were increasingly active in using their economic and financial resources in seeking a", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "13718393", "text": "bow and sterns to devastating effect, but the Japanese used them also in fortifications. After 1601 and the reunification of Japan under Tokugawa Ieyasu and the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate, a policy of seclusion was progressively enforced, leading to the expulsion of foreigner and the interdiction of trade with Western countries other than the Dutch from 1631. Following the Meiji Restoration, Japan would pursue a policy of \"Rich country, strong army\" (富国強兵), which led to a general rearmament of the country. During the 1877 Satsuma rebellion artillery was widely deployed, and an average of 1,000 artillery shells were fired", "title": "Artillery of Japan" }, { "id": "80896", "text": "country from outside influences. Foreign trade was maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese and was conducted exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. This policy had two main objectives. One was the fear that trade with western powers and the spread of Christianity would serve as a pretext for the invasion of Japan by imperialist forces, as had been the case with most of the nations of Asia. The second objective was fear that foreign trade and the wealth developed would lead to the rise of a \"daimyō\" powerful enough to overthrow the ruling Tokugawa clan. By", "title": "Convention of Kanagawa" }, { "id": "16175392", "text": "was to prepare for conquering China in the future. Although he failed in the end, this action symbolized the starting of Japan's expansion. In the late Tokugawa shogunate, many advisers had thoughts of conquering different lands and setting up colonies. Honda Toshiaki mentioned that Japan should begin conquering the world and become the world's strongest nation to be their ultimate aim. For this, he suggested they occupy Manchuria, Sakhalin, and Kamchatka Peninsula first, and follow the lead of Europe in setting up overseas colonies. Nobuhiro Sato also suggested that the procedure for ruling Asia is to capture Manchuria first, then", "title": "Continental Policy (Japan)" }, { "id": "20169492", "text": "recovery. By 1954, the MITI system was in full effect. It coordinated industry and government action and fostered cooperative arrangements, and sponsored research to develop promising exports as well as imports for which substitutes would be sought (especially dyestuffs, iron and steel, and soda ash). Yoshida's successor, Hayato Ikeda, began implementing economic policies which removed much of Japan's anti-monopoly laws. Foreign companies were locked out of the Japanese market and strict protectionist laws were enacted. Meanwhile, the United States under President Eisenhower saw Japan as the economic anchor for Western Cold War policy in Asia. Japan was completely demilitarized and", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "2020373", "text": "Thousands were killed in the shogunate's suppression of the revolt and countless more were executed afterwards. The fact that many of the rebels were Christians was used by the Bakufu as a convenient pretext for expelling the Portuguese and restricting the Dutch East India Company to Dejima in Nagasaki. Over the course of the 1630s, Iemitsu issued a series of edicts restricting Japan's dealings with the outside world. Japanese, who had since the 1590s traveled extensively in East and Southeast Asia (and, in rare instances, much farther afield), were now forbidden from leaving the country or returning, under pain of", "title": "Tokugawa Iemitsu" }, { "id": "3830627", "text": "Japanese nationalism In Meiji period Japan, nationalist ideology consisted of a blend of native and imported political philosophies, initially developed by the Meiji government to promote national unity and patriotism, first in defense against colonization by Western powers, and later in a struggle to attain equality with the Great Powers. It evolved throughout the Taishō and Shōwa periods to justify an increasingly totalitarian government and overseas expansionism, and provided a political and ideological foundation for the actions of the Japanese military in the years leading up to World War II. During the final days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the perceived", "title": "Japanese nationalism" }, { "id": "20169461", "text": "favored internationalism. By 1930, however, Japan was rapidly reversing itself, rejecting democracy at home, as the Army seized more and more power, and rejecting internationalism and liberalism. By the late 1930s it had joined the Axis military alliance with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Japan put heavy pressure on China in 1915, especially in the \"Twenty-One Demands.\" The U.S. helped China push back, thus moderating the pressure. As the Russian pro-Allied state collapsed into Bolshevik central control and multiple civil wars on the Russian periphery, United States sent 8000 troops to Siberia, and Japan, sent 80,000. Japan's goal was to", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "6354916", "text": "importance of economic competition, rather than military power, to Japan. These formerly communist countries were anxiously seeking aid, trade, and technical benefits from the developed countries, such as Japan. The power of Japan's ally, the United States, was also seen by many as waning. The United States was forced to look increasingly to Japan and others to shoulder the financial burdens entailed in the transformation of former communist economies in Eastern Europe and other urgent international requirements that fall upon the shoulders of world leaders. Japanese industries and enterprises were among the most capable in the world. High savings and", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "6354908", "text": "had been developing since the early 1970s, took the form of questioning the credibility of the United States nuclear umbrella, as well as its ability to underwrite a stable international currency system, guarantee Japan's access to energy and raw materials, and secure Japan's interests in a stable political order. The shift therefore required a reassessment of omnidirectional diplomacy. Changes in world economic relations during the 1970s also encouraged a more independent stance. Japan had become less dependent on the Western powers for resources. Oil, for example, was obtained directly from the producing countries in the Middle East and not from", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "20169486", "text": "(1883–1944). It was based in Nanjing. The Japanese were in full control; the puppet state declared war on the Allies in 1943. Wang was allowed to administer the International Settlement in Shanghai. The puppet state had an army of 900,000 soldiers, and was positioned against the Nationalist army under Chiang Kai-shek. It did little fighting. The Americans under General Douglas MacArthur were in ultimate command of Japanese affairs 1945-51. The other allies and former colonial possessions of Japan demanded revenge, but MacArthur operated a highly favorable system in which harsh measures were limited to war criminals, who were tried and", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "1549592", "text": "war in Europe, Japan dispatched a Naval fleet to the Mediterranean Sea to aid Allied shipping. Japan sought further to consolidate its position in China by presenting the Twenty-One Demands to China in January 1915. In the face of slow negotiations with the Chinese government, widespread anti-Japanese sentiment in China, and international condemnation, Japan withdrew the final group of demands, and treaties were signed in May 1915. The Anglo-Japanese Alliance was renewed and expanded in scope twice, in 1905 and 1911, before its demise in 1921. It was officially terminated in 1923. After the fall of the Tsarist regime and", "title": "Empire of Japan" }, { "id": "207715", "text": "in 1590 and launched two unsuccessful invasions of Korea in 1592 and 1597. Tokugawa Ieyasu served as regent for Hideyoshi's son and used his position to gain political and military support. When open war broke out, Ieyasu defeated rival clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Tokugawa Ieyasu was appointed \"shōgun\" by Emperor Go-Yōzei in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo (modern Tokyo). The shogunate enacted measures including \"buke shohatto\", as a code of conduct to control the autonomous \"daimyōs\"; and in 1639 the isolationist \"sakoku\" (\"closed country\") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries", "title": "Japan" }, { "id": "14663431", "text": "Japan change from being a feudal society to having a market economy and left the Japanese with a lingering influence of Modernity. The Tokugawa government had been founded in the 17th century and initially focused on reestablishing order in social, political and international affairs after a century of warfare. The political structure, established by Ieyasu and solidified under his two immediate successors, his son Hidetada (who ruled from 1616–23) and grandson Iemitsu (1623–51), bound all daimyōs to the shogunate and limited any individual daimyō from acquiring too much land or power. The Tokugawa shogunate came to its official end on", "title": "Meiji Restoration" }, { "id": "2722944", "text": "economic boom of the late 1980s revived many troubled industries. Complex economic and institutional factors affected Japan's post-war growth. First, the nation's prewar experience provided several important legacies. The Tokugawa period (1600–1867) bequeathed a vital commercial sector in burgeoning urban centers, a relatively well-educated elite (although one with limited knowledge of European science), a sophisticated government bureaucracy, productive agriculture, a closely unified nation with highly developed financial and marketing systems, and a national infrastructure of roads. The buildup of industry during the Meiji period to the point where Japan could vie for world power was an important prelude to post-war", "title": "Economic history of Japan" }, { "id": "875015", "text": "They were charged with overseeing trade and diplomatic relations with foreign countries, and were based in the treaty ports of Nagasaki and Kanagawa (Yokohama). The late Tokugawa shogunate ( \"Bakumatsu\") was the period between 1853 and 1867, during which Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy called \"sakoku\" and modernized from a feudal shogunate to the Meiji government. It is at the end of the Edo period and preceded the Meiji era. The major ideological and political factions during this period were divided into the pro-imperialist \"Ishin Shishi\" (nationalist patriots) and the shogunate forces, including the elite shinsengumi (\"newly selected corps\")", "title": "Tokugawa shogunate" }, { "id": "5425774", "text": "first representing Prussia, and after 1866 representing the North German Confederation, and by 1871 representing the newly established German Empire. In 1868 the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown and the Empire of Japan under Emperor Meiji was established. With the return of power to the Tennō dynasty, Japan demanded a revocation of the \"unequal treaties\" with the western powers and a civil war ensued. During the conflict, German weapons trader Henry Schnell counselled and supplied weapons to the \"daimyō\" of Nagaoka, a land lord loyal to the Shogunate. One year later, the war ended with the defeat of the Tokugawa and", "title": "Germany–Japan relations" }, { "id": "16395156", "text": "suffered by China during the First and Second Opium Wars. Anti-Tokugawa \"tozama daimyōs\" led by the Shimazu and Mori clans overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate during the Meiji Restoration and restored the Japanese Emperor as head of state. Afterwards, Japan initiated structural reforms resulting in rapid modernization, industrialization, militarization and imperialism modeled after the imperialistic Western powers. As Japan modernized and built a strong economy and military, the smaller country grew in power. Friction between China and Japan arose from the 1870s from Japan's control over the Ryukyu Islands, rivalry for political influence in Korea and trade issues. Japan, having built", "title": "History of China–Japan relations" }, { "id": "6354899", "text": "the Ministry of Foreign Affairs structure as its senior career official, and the other in charge of political liaison with the Diet. Other key positions in the ministry include members of the ministry's Secretariat, which has divisions handling consular, emigration, communications, and cultural exchange functions, and the directors of the various regional and functional bureaus in the ministry. Throughout the post–World War II period, Japan concentrated on economic growth. It accommodated itself flexibly to the regional and global policies of the United States while avoiding major initiatives of its own; adhered to pacifist principles embodied in the 1947 constitution, referred", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "5425806", "text": "whose relationships with Germany and Italy, the three soon to be called \"Axis powers\", were cemented with the Tripartite Pact of 27 September 1940. The purpose of the Pact, directed against an unnamed power presumed to be the United States, was to deter that power from supporting Britain, thereby not only strengthening Germany's and Italy's cause in the North African Campaign and the Mediterranean theatre, but also weakening British colonies in South-East Asia in advance of a Japanese invasion. The treaty stated that the three countries would respect each other's \"leadership\" in their respective spheres of influence, and would assist", "title": "Germany–Japan relations" }, { "id": "16175395", "text": "in 1937 and they tried to finish the Continental Policy. But Japan failed to conquer China and had lost in World War II, costing Japan all of her overseas land. This also symbolized the end of Japan’s expansion and the failure of Continental Policy. Continental Policy (Japan) Japan's Continental Policy refers to a Pan-Asian strategy pursued by Japan, especially the Imperial Japanese Army, between the Meiji Restoration and Japan's expansion during World War II. The policy's major aim was to conquer Japan’s neighboring countries such as Korea and China to dominate East Asia. There were already thoughts about expansion in", "title": "Continental Policy (Japan)" }, { "id": "20169458", "text": "victory over Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. During his tenure, the Taft–Katsura agreement with the U.S. acknowledged Japanese hegemony over Korea. His second term (1908-1911) was noteworthy for the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty of 1910. The Japanese modelled their industrial economy closely on the most advanced European models. They started with textiles, railways, and shipping, expanding to electricity and machinery. the most serious weakness was a shortage of raw materials. Industry ran short of copper and coal became a net importer. A deep flaw in the aggressive military strategy was a heavy dependence on imports including 100 percent of", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "14214675", "text": "completely ended Japan's seclusion; this contributed to the fall of the shogunate and the return of power to the Emperor in 1868. The new national leadership of the following Meiji period transformed the isolated feudal island country into an empire that closely followed Western models and became a great power. Although democracy developed and modern civilian culture prospered during the Taishō period (1912–26), Japan's powerful military had great autonomy and overruled Japan's civilian leaders in the 1920s and 1930s. The military invaded Manchuria in 1931, and from 1937 the conflict escalated into a prolonged war with China. Japan's attack on", "title": "History of Japan" }, { "id": "6354906", "text": "the other hand, Japan's burgeoning economic growth and expansion into overseas markets had given rise to foreign charges of \"economic aggression\" and demands that it adopt more balanced trade policies. Changes in the power relationships in the Asia-Pacific quadrilateral—made up of Japan, the People's Republic of China, the United States, and the Soviet Union—also called for reexamination of policies. The deepening Sino-Soviet split and confrontation, the dramatic rapprochement between the United States and China, the rapid reduction of the United States military presence in Asia following the Vietnam War (Second Indochina War, 1954–75), and the 1970s expansion of Soviet military", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "2020365", "text": "Tokugawa Iemitsu Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川 家光 August 12, 1604 – June 8, 1651) was the third \"shōgun\" of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Iemitsu ruled from 1623 to 1651, and during this period he crucified Christians, expelled all Europeans from Japan and closed the borders of the country, a foreign politics policy that continued for over 200 years after its institution. It is debatable whether Iemitsu can be considered a kinslayer for making his younger brother Tadanaga commit suicide by seppuku. Iemitsu also had well-known homosexual preferences, and", "title": "Tokugawa Iemitsu" }, { "id": "893656", "text": "Occupation of Japan The Allied occupation of Japan at the end of World War II was led by General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, with support from the British Commonwealth. Unlike in the occupation of Germany, the Soviet Union was allowed little to no influence over Japan. This foreign presence marks the only time in Japan's history that it has been occupied by a foreign power. The country became a parliamentary democracy that recalled \"New Deal\" priorities of the 1930s by Roosevelt. The occupation, codenamed Operation \"Blacklist\", was ended by the San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed", "title": "Occupation of Japan" }, { "id": "20169438", "text": "devastate major Japanese cities. The final blow came in August 1945 with two American atomic bombs and the Russian invasion. Japan surrendered, and was occupied by the Allies, or more particularly by the United States. Its political and economic system was rebuilt on the basis of greater democracy, no military capability, and a weakening of traditional monopolistic corporations. Japan was a very minor player in international affairs in the late 1940s, but its economy revived in part as a supply base for the Korean War. Non-involvement became the central focus of Japanese foreign policy, together with very rapid growth of", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "1549553", "text": "of Kanagawa in 1854. Thus, the period known as Bakumatsu began. The following years saw increased foreign trade and interaction; commercial treaties between the Tokugawa shogunate and Western countries were signed. In large part due to the humiliating terms of these unequal treaties, the shogunate soon faced internal hostility, which materialized into a radical, xenophobic movement, the \"sonnō jōi\" (literally \"Revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians\"). In March 1863, the Emperor issued the \"order to expel barbarians\". Although the shogunate had no intention of enforcing the order, it nevertheless inspired attacks against the shogunate itself and against foreigners in Japan.", "title": "Empire of Japan" }, { "id": "14214759", "text": "Imperial Japan's ultranationalist ideology, and was a major turning point in Japanese history. Japan experienced dramatic political and social transformation under the Allied occupation in 1945–1952. US General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers, served as Japan's \"de facto\" leader and played a central role in implementing reforms, many inspired by the New Deal of the 1930s. The occupation sought to decentralize power in Japan by breaking up the \"zaibatsu\", transferring ownership of agricultural land from landlords to tenant farmers, and promoting labor unionism. Other major goals were the demilitarization and democratization of Japan's government and society. Japan's", "title": "History of Japan" }, { "id": "6015126", "text": "Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty The was the first treaty between the United Kingdom and the Empire of Japan, then under the administration of the Tokugawa shogunate. Signed on October 14, 1854, it paralleled the Convention of Kanagawa, a similar agreement between Japan and the United States six months earlier which effectively ended Japan's 220-year-old policy of national seclusion (\"sakoku\"). As a result of the treaty, the ports of Nagasaki and Hakodate were opened to British vessels, and Britain was granted most favored nation status with other western powers. Anglo-Japanese relations began in 1600 at the start of the Tokugawa shogunate with", "title": "Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty" }, { "id": "1424282", "text": "Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japanese society was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional \"daimyō\". The period was characterized by economic growth, strict social order, isolationist foreign policies, a stable population, \"no more wars\", and popular enjoyment of arts and culture. The shogunate was officially established in Edo on March 24, 1603, by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration on May 3, 1868, after the fall of Edo. A revolution took place from the time of", "title": "Edo period" }, { "id": "6352035", "text": "were subject to such restraints at various times. Japan began the postwar period with heavy import barriers. Virtually all products were subject to government quotas, many faced high tariffs, and MITI had authority over the allocation of the foreign exchange that companies needed to pay for any import. These policies were justified at the time by the weakened position of Japanese industry and the country's chronic trade deficits. By the late 1950s, Japan's international trade had regained its prewar level, and its balance of payments displayed sufficient strength for its rigid protectionism to be increasingly difficult to justify. The IMF", "title": "Trade policy of Japan" }, { "id": "20169481", "text": "ideology of Japan's colonial empire, as it expanded dramatically during the war, contained two contradictory impulses. On the one hand, it preached the unity of the Co-Prosperity Sphere, a coalition of Asian races, directed by Japan, against the imperialism of Britain, France, the Netherlands, United States, and Europe in general. This approach celebrated the spiritual values of the East in opposition to the crass materialism of the West. In practice, it was a euphemistic title for grabbing land and acquiring essential natural resources. The Japanese installed organizationally-minded bureaucrats and engineers to run their new empire, and they believed in ideals", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "2020380", "text": "year. Iemitsu's policies on this matter were reinforced after the execution of two Portuguese men who came to plead for the re-establishment of Japan's earlier foreign trade policy. By the end of the 1630s, Iemitsu had issued a series of edicts more extensively detailing a system of restrictions on the flow of people, goods, and information in and out of the country. The most famous of those edicts was the so-called Sakoku Edict of 1635. It contained the main restrictions introduced by Iemitsu. With it, he forbade every Japanese ship and person to travel to another country, or to return", "title": "Tokugawa Iemitsu" }, { "id": "207716", "text": "of tenuous political unity known as the Edo period (1603–1868). The study of Western sciences, known as \"rangaku\", continued through contact with the Dutch enclave at Dejima in Nagasaki. The Edo period also gave rise to \"kokugaku\" (\"national studies\"), the study of Japan by the Japanese. On March 31, 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry and the \"Black Ships\" of the United States Navy forced the opening of Japan to the outside world with the Convention of Kanagawa. Subsequent similar treaties with Western countries in the Bakumatsu period brought economic and political crises. The resignation of the \"shōgun\" led to the Boshin", "title": "Japan" }, { "id": "16175393", "text": "East Asia, then South Asia. This became the strategy used by Japan in World War II. In the mid-19th century, Japan had been strengthened by the Meiji Restoration and had built a modernized and centralized Japanese government. The Meiji Government greatly encouraged people to help modernize Japan, setting up industrial enterprises and starting their industrial revolution in mid-1880s. Due to many factors affecting Japan, Japan decided to be a military-based country, creating the Continental Policy. In 1927, Tanaka Giichi presented the procedures of Continental Policy. The Main idea of Continental Policy is, \"If we want to conquer the World, we", "title": "Continental Policy (Japan)" }, { "id": "2646233", "text": "States), and subsequently other Unequal Treaties (including the Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty, and Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce) which broke the \"sakoku\" (isolation) policy and opened Japan to foreign influences. Kōmei, the reigning emperor at the time, was a major opponent of his policies. This strengthened the \"sonnō jōi\" movement. Ii Naosuke was appointed \"tairō\" from April 23, 1858. A widespread cholera outbreak from 1858 to 1860 is believed to have killed between 100,000 and 200,000 people in Edo alone. Iesada died childless in 1858, possibly from the cholera outbreak. His grave is at the Tokugawa clan temple of Kan'ei-ji", "title": "Tokugawa Iesada" }, { "id": "16175391", "text": "Continental Policy (Japan) Japan's Continental Policy refers to a Pan-Asian strategy pursued by Japan, especially the Imperial Japanese Army, between the Meiji Restoration and Japan's expansion during World War II. The policy's major aim was to conquer Japan’s neighboring countries such as Korea and China to dominate East Asia. There were already thoughts about expansion in Japan before the Meiji Restoration. Emperor Jimmu, the first Emperor of Japan, had thoughts of ruling the world. Also, Empress Jingū mentioned conquering Samhan. In the late 16th century, Toyotomi Hideyoshi finished unifying Japan and he invaded Korea twice. The aim of the attack", "title": "Continental Policy (Japan)" }, { "id": "6354915", "text": "likely to strike out independently there first, translating its economic power into political and perhaps, eventually, military influence. Still, the image of Japan as a \"military dwarf\" was in a sense ironic, as Japan had one of the biggest defense budgets in the world throughout the 1980s and 1990s and defense expenditure is one of the most frequently used indicators of military power. It also had very advanced naval and air self-defense capabilities. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the growing preoccupation of its former republics and the East European nations with internal political and economic problems increased the", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "540234", "text": "of parts of China resulted in numerous atrocities against civilians, such as the Nanking massacre and the Three Alls Policy. The Japanese also fought skirmishes with Soviet–Mongolian forces in Manchukuo in 1938 and 1939. Japan sought to avoid war with the Soviet Union by signing a non-aggression pact with it in 1941. Japan's military leaders were divided on diplomatic relationships with Germany and Italy and the attitude towards the United States. The Imperial Japanese Army was in favour of war with the United States, but the Imperial Japanese Navy was generally strongly opposed. When Prime Minister of Japan General Hideki", "title": "Axis powers" }, { "id": "6352048", "text": "of the Allied Powers. Initially, the United States' main goal for post-war Japan was to demilitarize the Japanese economy. During the early phase of post-war Japan, private foreign trade had been prohibited by SCAP, and all trade was state conducted. There were restrictions to heavy industry outputs such as steel, aluminium, and copper; which limited Japan's shipbuilding, machinery, and chemical industries. Imports were only allowed when they were judged to be indispensable to the sustenance of the Japanese economy. However, the SCAP policies to Japanese industry would be quickly reversed due to Cold War politics. On August 15, 1947, the", "title": "Trade policy of Japan" }, { "id": "1424309", "text": "financial crisis provoked a reactionary solution near the end of the \"Tempo era\" (1830-1843) promulgated by the chief counselor Mizuno Tadakuni. He raised taxes, denounced luxuries and tried to impede the growth of business; he failed and it appeared to many that the continued existence of the entire Tokugawa system was in jeopardy. During the period, Japan studied Western sciences and techniques (called \"rangaku\", \"Dutch studies\") through the information and books received through the Dutch traders in Dejima. The main areas that were studied included geography, medicine, natural sciences, astronomy, art, languages, physical sciences such as the study of electrical", "title": "Edo period" }, { "id": "11543645", "text": "translated to their local languages. Japanese electronic products and food are found throughout East Asia (except for North Korea) and Singapore In terms of World War II and military conquests, Japanization takes a negative meaning because of military conquests and forced introduction of Japanese culture by the government. During pre-imperial (pre-1868) period a peaceful diplomacy was practiced during which Japan did not expand much in territories beyond its own islands. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japan began to follow the way of the western imperialism and expansionism. in 1879, Japan officially annexed the Ryūkyū Kingdom, which was a tributary", "title": "Japanization" }, { "id": "6015128", "text": "the Tokugawa shogunate announced a policy of isolating the country from outside influences with foreign trade to be maintained only with the Dutch and the Chinese exclusively at Nagasaki under a strict government monopoly. The isolation policy was challenged several times by the British, most notably in 1673, when an English ship named \"Returner\" visited Nagasaki harbor, and was refused permission to renew trading relations, and in 1808, when the warship entered Nagasaki during the Napoleonic War to attack Dutch shipping and threatened to destroy the town unless it was provided with supplies. By the early nineteenth century, the policy", "title": "Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty" }, { "id": "14214724", "text": "the hope of founding a new dynasty, Hideyoshi had asked his most trusted subordinates to pledge loyalty to his infant son Toyotomi Hideyori. Despite this, almost immediately after Hideyoshi's death, war broke out between Hideyori's allies and those loyal to Tokugawa Ieyasu, a \"daimyō\" and a former ally of Hideyoshi. Tokugawa Ieyasu won a decisive victory at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, ushering in 268 uninterrupted years of rule by the Tokugawa clan. The Edo period was characterized by relative peace and stability under the tight control of the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled from the eastern city of Edo", "title": "History of Japan" }, { "id": "1424323", "text": "controversial but is recounted as the forcing of Japan's opening to the world by Commodore Matthew Perry of the US Navy, whose armada (known by Japanese as \"the black ships\") fired weapons from Edo Bay. Several artificial land masses were created to block the range of the armada, and this land remains in what is presently called the Odaiba district. The Tokugawa did not eventually collapse simply because of intrinsic failures. Foreign intrusions helped to precipitate a complex political struggle between the \"bakufu\" and a coalition of its critics. The continuity of the anti-\"bakufu\" movement in the mid-19th century would", "title": "Edo period" }, { "id": "1549607", "text": "(principally Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Sumitomo, and Yasuda) looked towards great future expansion. Their main concern was a shortage of raw materials. Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe combined social concerns with the needs of capital, and planned for expansion. The main goals of Japan's expansionism were acquisition and protection of spheres of influence, maintenance of territorial integrity, acquisition of raw materials, and access to Asian markets. Western nations, notably Great Britain, France, and the United States, had for long exhibited great interest in the commercial opportunities in China and other parts of Asia. These opportunities had attracted Western investment because of the availability", "title": "Empire of Japan" }, { "id": "540233", "text": "expansionism. As the Japanese home islands lacked natural resources needed for growth, Japan planned to establish hegemony in Asia and become self-sufficient by acquiring territories with abundant natural resources. Japan's expansionist policies alienated it from other countries in the League of Nations and by the mid-1930s brought it closer to Germany and Italy, who had both pursued similar expansionist policies. Cooperation between Japan and Germany began with the Anti-Comintern Pact, in which the two countries agreed to ally to challenge any attack by the Soviet Union. Japan entered into conflict against the Chinese in 1937. The Japanese invasion and occupation", "title": "Axis powers" }, { "id": "2544279", "text": "Dynasty gave way (1644) to the Qing, the last Chinese imperial dynasty, which would rule until 1912. Japan experienced its Azuchi–Momoyama period (1568–1603), followed by the Edo period (1603–1868). The Korean Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910) ruled throughout this period, successfully repelling 16th- and 17th-century invasions from Japan and China. Japan and China were significantly affected during this period by expanded maritime trade with Europe, particularly the Portuguese in Japan. During the Edo period, Japan would pursue isolationist policies, to eliminate foreign influences. On the Indian subcontinent, the Delhi Sultanate and the Deccan sultanates would give way, beginning in the 16th century,", "title": "History of the world" }, { "id": "6354922", "text": "the United States and the West to his advantage in the successful LDP effort to sustain control of the House of Representatives in February 1990. In 1993 the coalition government of Prime Minister Hosokawa Morihiro pledged to continue the LDP policy of economic and security ties with the United States; of responding to domestic and international expectations of greater Japanese political and economic contributions; and of international cooperation through the UN and other international organizations in the cause of world peace, disarmament, aid to developing countries, and educational and technical cooperation. Foreign policy speeches by the prime minister and the", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "1549549", "text": "Empire of Japan The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan. Japan's rapid industrialization and militarization under the slogan and led to its emergence as a world power and the establishment of a colonial empire following the First Sino-Japanese War, the Boxer Rebellion, the Russo-Japanese War, and World War I. Economic and political turmoil in the 1920s led to the rise of militarism, eventually culminating in Japan's membership in the Axis alliance and the conquest of a large part of the Asia-Pacific", "title": "Empire of Japan" }, { "id": "208056", "text": "Foreign relations of Japan The are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Japanese foreign relations had to begin anew in 1945 and, when it was defeated in war and stripped of all of its foreign conquests and possessions. See History of Japanese foreign relations. The United States, acting for the Allied powers, occupied Japan 1945-51. Since gaining full independence with the Treaty of San Francisco, Japanese diplomatic policy has been based on close partnership with the United States and the emphasis on the international cooperation such as the United Nations. In the Cold War, Japan took a", "title": "Foreign relations of Japan" }, { "id": "20169462", "text": "take control of the trans-Siberian Railroad, and adjacent properties, giving it massive control over Manchuria. The Americans were originally sent to help check prisoners escape, but increasingly, their role was to watch and block Japanese expansion. Both nations remove their troops in 1920, as Lenin's Bolsheviks solidified their control over Russia. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Japan was given the mandate over a number of smaller islands that had been part of the German Empire. Japan was disappointed when it's draft resolution condemning racism in international affairs, was dropped from the agenda. However, its main demand, which it", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "6352036", "text": "and GATT strongly pressured Japan to free its commerce and international payments system. Beginning in the 1960s, the government adopted a policy of gradual trade liberalization, easing import quotas, reducing tariff rates, freeing transactions in foreign exchange, and admitting foreign capital into Japanese industries, which continued through the 1980s. The main impetus for change throughout has been international obligation, that is, response to foreign, rather than domestic, pressure. The result has been a prolonged, reluctant process of reducing barriers, which has frustrated many of Japan's trading partners. Japan has been a participant in the major rounds of tariffcutting negotiations under", "title": "Trade policy of Japan" }, { "id": "1549560", "text": "action to be followed during Emperor Meiji's reign, setting the legal stage for Japan's modernization. The Meiji leaders also aimed to boost morale and win financial support for the new government. Japan dispatched the Iwakura Mission in 1871. The mission traveled the world in order to renegotiate the unequal treaties with the United States and European countries that Japan had been forced into during the Tokugawa shogunate, and to gather information on western social and economic systems, in order to effect the modernization of Japan. Renegotiation of the unequal treaties was universally unsuccessful, but close observation of the American and", "title": "Empire of Japan" }, { "id": "14214753", "text": "aspired to have Japan acquire new territory for resource extraction and settlement of surplus population. These ambitions led to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. After their victory in the Chinese capital, the Japanese military committed the infamous Nanjing Massacre. The Japanese military failed to defeat the Chinese government led by Chiang Kai-shek and the war descended into a bloody stalemate that lasted until 1945. Japan's stated war aim was to establish the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, a vast pan-Asian union under Japanese domination. Hirohito's role in Japan's foreign wars remains a subject of controversy, with", "title": "History of Japan" }, { "id": "20169487", "text": "executed. Japan lacked sovereignty and had no diplomatic relations--its people were not allowed to travel abroad. MacArthur worked to democratize Japan along the lines of the American New Deal, with the destruction of militarism and monopolistic corporations, and the inculcation of democratic values and electoral practices. MacArthur worked well with Emperor Hirohito, who was kept on the throne as a symbolic constitutional ruler. In practice, the actual administration of national and government was handled by the Japanese themselves under Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru. His policy, known as the Yoshida Doctrine was to focus Japanese energies on rebuilding the economy, while", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "6491513", "text": "Naval history of Japan The naval history of Japan can be said to begin in early interactions with states on the Asian continent in the early centuries of the 1st millennium, reaching a pre-modern peak of activity during the 16th century, a time of cultural exchange with European powers and extensive trade with the Asian mainland. After over two centuries of relative seclusion under the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan's naval technologies were seen to be no match for Western navies when the country was forced by American intervention in 1854 to abandon its maritime restrictions. This and other events led to", "title": "Naval history of Japan" }, { "id": "5269863", "text": "against the United States. Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka, who withdrew Japan from the League of Nations in 1933, engineered the April 13, 1941 Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact. Special envoy Saburō Kurusu and Japanese ambassador to the United States Kichisaburō Nomura attempted to negotiate peace in Washington weeks before the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese were initially successful in the Pacific and Southeast Asia, sinking the Royal Navy's \"Prince of Wales\" and the \"Repulse\" three days after Pearl Harbor, invading the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, Malaya and Burma and threatening northern Australia and eastern India. Hideki Tojo", "title": "Empire of Japan (internal politics 1914–1944)" }, { "id": "4382869", "text": "other East Asian countries such as China (3%), Vietnam (7%), South Korea (29%) and the Philippines (over 90%). The \"sakoku\" policy was also a way of controlling commerce between Japan and other nations, as well as asserting its new place in the East Asian hierarchy. The Tokugawa had set out to create their own small-scale international system where Japan could continue to access the trade in essential commodities such as medicines, and gain access to essential intelligence about happenings in China, while avoiding having to agree to a subordinate status within the Chinese tributary system. Japan's generally constructive official diplomatic", "title": "Sakoku" }, { "id": "199655", "text": "policy to ban all maritime shipping in 1371. The Qing dynasty that came after the Ming dynasty often continued the Ming dynasty's isolationist policies. Wokou, which literally translates to \"Japanese pirates\" or \"dwarf pirates\", were pirates who raided the coastlines of China, Japan, and Korea, and were one of the key primary concerns, although the maritime ban was not without some control. From 1641 to 1853, the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan enforced a policy which it called \"kaikin\". The policy prohibited foreign contact with most outside countries. However, the commonly held idea that Japan was entirely closed is misleading. In", "title": "Isolationism" }, { "id": "6354917", "text": "investment rates and high-quality education solidified the international leadership of these enterprises during the mid- to late 1990s. Its economic power gave Japan a steadily growing role in the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and other international financial institutions. Investment and trade flows give Japan by far the dominant economic role in Asia, and Japanese aid and investment were widely sought after in other parts of the world. It appears to be only a matter of time before such economic power would be translated into greater political power. The crucial issue for the United States and many other world", "title": "Foreign policy of Japan" }, { "id": "20169434", "text": "History of Japanese foreign relations History of Japanese foreign relations dêals with the international relations in terms of diplomacy, economics and political affairs from about 1850 to 2000. The kingdom was Virtually isolated before the 1850s, with limited contacts through Dutch traders. The Meiji Restoration was a political revolution that installed a new leadership that was eager to borrow Western technology and organization. The government in Tokyo carefully monitored and controlled outside interactions. Japanese delegations to Europe brought back European standards which were widely imposed across the government and the economy. Trade flourished, as Japan rapidly industrialized. European-style imperialism and", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "20825866", "text": "dominate China through the Twenty-One Demands of 1915. Japan's occupation of Siberia against the Bolsheviks proved unproductive. Japan's wartime diplomacy and limited military action had produced few results, and at the Paris Versailles peace conference, at the end of the war, Japan was largely frustrated in its ambitions. Japan transformed dramatically in the latter 19th century from an almost totally closed in society to a modern industrialized, Empire building and militarily aggressive new nation. It seized colonies such as Okinawa, it defeated China in a major war in 1890s, and to the astonishment of the world it defeated Russia in", "title": "Japanese entry into World War I" }, { "id": "6491539", "text": "trade, would comment that \"\"the people of this land (Japan) are very stout seamen\"\". The Tokugawa shogunate had, for some time, planned to invade the Philippines in order to eradicate Spanish expansionism in Asia, and its support of Christians within Japan. In November 1637 it notified Nicolas Couckebacker, the head of the Dutch East India Company in Japan, of its intentions. About 10,000 samurai were prepared for the expedition, and the Dutch agreed to provide four warships and two yachts to support the Japanese ships against Spanish galleons. The plans were cancelled at the last minute with the advent of", "title": "Naval history of Japan" }, { "id": "5735285", "text": "for a decisive battle (\"tennōzan\"), replied that it was premature to seek peace \"unless we make one more military gain\". Also in February, Japan's treaty division wrote about Allied policies towards Japan regarding \"unconditional surrender, occupation, disarmament, elimination of militarism, democratic reforms, punishment of war criminals, and the status of the emperor.\" Allied-imposed disarmament, Allied punishment of Japanese war criminals, and especially occupation and removal of the Emperor, were not acceptable to the Japanese leadership. On April 5, the Soviet Union gave the required 12 months' notice that it would not renew the five-year Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact (which had been", "title": "Surrender of Japan" }, { "id": "20169460", "text": "Japan's efforts to dominate China through the Twenty-One Demands of 1915. Its occupation of Siberia proved unproductive. Japan's wartime diplomacy and limited military action had produced few results, and at the Paris Versailles peace conference. at the end of the war, Japan frustrated in its ambitions. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, its demands for racial parity, and an increasing diplomatic isolation. The 1902 alliance with Britain was not renewed in 1922 because of heavy pressure on Britain from Canada and the United States. In the 1920s Japanese diplomacy was rooted in an largely liberal democratic political system, and", "title": "History of Japanese foreign relations" }, { "id": "421303", "text": "shohatto\" (), a document setting out the future of the Tokugawa regime. As Ōgosho, Ieyasu also supervised diplomatic affairs with the Netherlands, Spain and England. Ieyasu chose to distance Japan from European influence starting in 1609, although the shogunate did still grant preferential trading rights to the Dutch East India Company and permitted them to maintain a \"factory\" for trading purposes. From 1605 until his death, Ieyasu consulted frequently with English shipwright and pilot, William Adams, Adams, fluent in Japanese, assisted the shogunate in negotiating trading relations, but was cited by members of the competing Jesuit and Spanish-sponsored mendicant orders", "title": "Tokugawa Ieyasu" }, { "id": "5201006", "text": "to gain respect and power. With a more aggressive foreign policy, and victory over China in the First Sino-Japanese War and over Russia in the Russo-Japanese War, Japan joined the imperialist powers. The need for a strong military to secure Japan's new overseas empire was strengthened by a sense that only through a strong military would Japan earn the respect of western nations, and thus revision of the unequal treaties. During the 19th century, Great Power status was considered dependent on resource-rich colonial empires, both as a source of raw materials for military and industrial production, and international prestige. Due", "title": "Japanese militarism" }, { "id": "1549587", "text": "Russians, the Japanese forces were significantly more aggressive than their Russian counterparts and gained a political advantage that culminated with the Treaty of Portsmouth, negotiated in the United States by the American president Theodore Roosevelt. As a result, Russia lost the part of Sakhalin Island south of 50 degrees North latitude (which became Karafuto Prefecture), as well as many mineral rights in Manchuria. In addition, Russia's defeat cleared the way for Japan to annex Korea outright in 1910. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, various Western countries actively competed for influence, trade, and territory in East Asia, and", "title": "Empire of Japan" }, { "id": "893670", "text": "most sources, was the work of Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara. The clause was intended to prevent the country from ever becoming an aggressive military power again. However, the United States was soon pressuring Japan to rebuild its army as a bulwark against communism in Asia after the Chinese Civil War and the Korean War. During the Korean War, US forces largely withdrew from Japan to redeploy to South Korea, leaving the country almost totally defenseless. As a result, a new National Police Reserve armed with military-grade weaponry was created. In 1954, the Japan Self-Defense Forces were founded as a full-scale", "title": "Occupation of Japan" } ]

[ "Gabriel Luna" ]

[ { "id": "14955583", "text": "\"Ghost Rider\" film. The Robbie Reyes incarnation of the character appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe through the television series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", where he is portrayed by Gabriel Luna. Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics antihero Ghost Rider. It is the stand-alone sequel to the 2007 film \"Ghost Rider\" and stars Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze / Ghost Rider with supporting roles portrayed by Ciarán Hinds, Violante Placido, Johnny Whitworth, Christopher Lambert, and Idris Elba. The film was directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian", "title": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance" }, { "id": "19655704", "text": "Ghost Rider (Robbie Reyes) Ghost Rider (Roberto \"Robbie\" Reyes) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the fifth Marvel character to use the name Ghost Rider, after Carter Slade (the Western comics hero later known as the Phantom Rider), Johnny Blaze, Danny Ketch, and Alejandra Jones. The character is portrayed by Gabriel Luna in the televisions series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Robbie Reyes first appeared in \"All-New Ghost Rider\" #1 (March 2014), created by writer Felipe Smith and artist Tradd Moore. When Marvel Comics was getting retooled", "title": "Ghost Rider (Robbie Reyes)" }, { "id": "3222070", "text": "Blaze's long lost siblings. In 2000s comics, Blaze again became the Ghost Rider, succeeding Ketch. In 2013, Robbie Reyes became Ghost Rider as part of the Marvel NOW! initiative. Nicolas Cage starred as the Johnny Blaze iteration of the character in the 2007 film \"Ghost Rider\" and its 2012 sequel, \"\". Gabriel Luna plays Robbie Reyes in the television series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Following the western comics character who originally used the name, the first superhero Ghost Rider, Johnny Blaze, debuted in \"Marvel Spotlight\" #5 (August 1972), created by Marvel editor-in-chief Roy Thomas, writer", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "19655716", "text": "alternate version of Carnage. Ghost Rider (Robbie Reyes) Ghost Rider (Roberto \"Robbie\" Reyes) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the fifth Marvel character to use the name Ghost Rider, after Carter Slade (the Western comics hero later known as the Phantom Rider), Johnny Blaze, Danny Ketch, and Alejandra Jones. The character is portrayed by Gabriel Luna in the televisions series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Robbie Reyes first appeared in \"All-New Ghost Rider\" #1 (March 2014), created by writer Felipe Smith and artist Tradd Moore. When Marvel", "title": "Ghost Rider (Robbie Reyes)" }, { "id": "14955565", "text": "its wide commercial release on February 17, 2012 in 2D and 3D. Critical reception was largely negative; critics criticized the script, CGI, and acting. The film grossed more than $132 million, against its $57 million production budget. Nicolas Cage has said that he is \"done\" with the \"Ghost Rider\" films and a planned sequel was canceled. By May 2013, the film rights to Ghost Rider had reverted to Marvel Studios, and the Robbie Reyes version of Ghost Rider appeared in \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\". In Romania, a French priest named Moreau warns the monks of a monastery about an impending attack", "title": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance" }, { "id": "19719794", "text": "from the film series, and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen, Chloe Bennet as Quake, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, Henry Simmons, and John Hannah. A fourth season was ordered in March 2016, with Gabriel Luna as Ghost Rider being a major introduction as the series began to deal with mystical and supernatural elements leading up to the release of the MCU film \"Doctor Strange\". Mallory Jansen and Lilli Birdsell are also introduced as major recurring characters for the season. With the episode, the series started airing at the later time of 10:00pm, allowing it to be darker and", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719799", "text": "that it only murders people that deserve to die. She thinks this should include her, but it refuses to kill her. She later sees the Ghost Rider's human form, Robbie Reyes, looking after his disabled brother Gabe. The series was renewed for a fourth season on March 3, 2016, to air at the later time of 10:00pm. At the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con it was revealed that the series would be adapting the character of Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider. In September 2016, Marvel announced that the premiere episode of the season would be titled \"The Ghost\". The episode is", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719806", "text": "on July 21, 2016, in Los Angeles. Filming for \"The Ghost\" was completed by August 16. The episode's cold open was filmed at Mariachi Plaza over four nights, and introduces Ghost Rider in a recreation of Robbie Reyes' comic introduction: his car, a 1969 Dodge Charger, is hit by a rocket, flips in the air, and lands with its Ghost Rider flames on driving towards some gang members. A CG double of the car was used for several shots in this sequence, while stunt driver Eric Norris drove the physical stunt car, and a third version was used for \"beauty\"", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "17960976", "text": "Gabriel Luna Gabriel Isaac Luna (born December 5, 1982) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider on the ABC action superhero series \"Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", Tony Bravo on the El Rey Network drama series \"Matador\", and Paco Contreras on the ABC crime drama series \"Wicked City\". He has starred in the films \"Bernie\" (2011), \"Balls Out\" (2014), \"Freeheld\" (2015), \"Gravy\" (2015), and \"Transpecos\" (2016). Gabriel Isaac Luna was born in Austin, Texas, to Deborah Ann (née Perez) and Gabriel Lopez Luna (1962–1982), both of whom are of Mexican parentage. His", "title": "Gabriel Luna" }, { "id": "19719795", "text": "more mature. It is the first (of eight) in the initial \"pod\" of episodes for the season, subtitled \"Ghost Rider\". \"The Ghost\" originally aired on ABC on September 20, 2016, and was watched by 6.24 million viewers within a week of its release. The episode received mostly positive reviews, with critics generally highlighting the new status quo, darker tone, introduction of Ghost Rider, and climactic fight scene. Some criticized the sexualized opening featuring Bennet. Former S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Daisy Johnson, now the vigilante \"Quake\", is hunting gang affiliates of the anti-Inhuman terrorist group Watchdogs in Los Angeles when members of the", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719805", "text": "Max Osinski as Agent Red, Ricardo Walker as Agent Prince, Edward Gelhaus as skinhead, Ian Hutton as Blondie, Blaise Miller as lab tech, Samuel Barajas as Felix, Bryan Rasmussen as warehouse manager, Wilson Ramirez as Diego, Jen Kuo Sung as Chen, and Jerry Ying as thug #1. Cordova-Buckley, Venskus, and Osinski reprise their roles from earlier in the series. The thugs introduced as Ghost Rider's victims in the episode's cold open were intended to immediately come across as Nazi-like characters, to imply to the audience that they deserved to be killed by the Ghost Rider. Production for the season began", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "14955564", "text": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics antihero Ghost Rider. It is the stand-alone sequel to the 2007 film \"Ghost Rider\" and stars Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze / Ghost Rider with supporting roles portrayed by Ciarán Hinds, Violante Placido, Johnny Whitworth, Christopher Lambert, and Idris Elba. The film was directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor, from a screenplay written by Scott M. Gimple, Seth Hoffman, and David S. Goyer. Released publicly for one night in December 11, 2011, \"Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance\" had", "title": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance" }, { "id": "19789072", "text": "is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, and Henry Simmons. José Zúñiga guest stars as Morrow, while Gabriel Luna portrays his nephew Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider. The episode is part of the first \"pod\" of eight episodes for the season, subtitled \"Ghost Rider\", and uses flashbacks to tell the origin story of how Reyes became the Ghost Rider. This included the surprise appearance of the Marvel character Johnny Blaze as the titular \"Good Samaritan\", introducing him to the MCU. FuseFX was the main visual effects vendor for the episode. \"The Good Samaritan\"", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "5559544", "text": "Ghost Rider (film) Ghost Rider is a 2007 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. The film was written and directed by Mark Steven Johnson, and stars Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze / Ghost Rider, with Eva Mendes, Wes Bentley, Sam Elliott, Donal Logue, Matt Long, and Peter Fonda in supporting roles. \"Ghost Rider\" was released on February 16, 2007 in the United States. The film was met with negative reviews from critics, but was a box office success, earning $228.7 million worldwide on a $110 million budget. \"Ghost Rider\" was released on DVD,", "title": "Ghost Rider (film)" }, { "id": "17960981", "text": "was cancelled following its third episode; the remaining episodes were later released through Hulu. The following year, he starred as border patrol agent Lance Flores in the thriller film \"Transpecos\", opposite Clifton Collins, Jr. and Johnny Simmons. The film had its premiere at South by Southwest in March 2016. Luna next appeared as motorcycle racer Eddie Hasha in the Discovery Channel miniseries \"Harley and the Davidsons\". In July of the same year, it was announced that he would join the cast of \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" in season 4 as Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider. He was nominated for Choice TV:", "title": "Gabriel Luna" }, { "id": "19719803", "text": "intentions, keeping stuff from her, I suppose. It's going to get interesting. Lying is a strong word. I'm just keeping stuff from\" her. In August 2016, Marvel confirmed that series regulars for the season would include the returning Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson, Ming-Na Wen as Melinda May, Bennet as Daisy Johnson / Quake, De Caestecker as Leo Fitz, Elizabeth Henstridge as Jemma Simmons, and Henry Simmons as Alphonso \"Mack\" MacKenzie. They are joined by John Hannah as Holden Radcliffe, promoted from his third season recurring role. When Ghost Rider was confirmed to be joining the season at Comic-Con, after", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719810", "text": "of those watching television at the time of the broadcast. It was watched by 3.44 million viewers. This was down from previous season premieres, but average for the series. Within a week of its release, \"The Ghost\" had been watched by 6.24 million U.S. viewers, above the season average of 4.22 million. Terri Schwartz of IGN scored the premiere 8 out of 10, indicating a \"great\" episode, and praising the introduction of Ghost Rider and subsequent darker tone which \"will eventually allow [the series] to sit more comfortably beside its corporate cousins over on Netflix\". Schwartz was positive about the", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19368070", "text": "explicit. This Ghost Rider was portrayed by Tom McComas during filming. Given the disparity between the other science-based aspects of the series and the mystical Ghost Rider in the season, Whedon noted that \"some very advanced technology [would be developed] this season, and maybe–as that becomes more advanced and we have strange people… possessed people–those things somehow merge down the line.\" As part of combining technology and mysticism, the series depicts Hell as another dimension that can be reached through a portal, and the Ghost Rider's Spirit of Vengeance as a being from that other dimension. Marvel trusted the producers", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" }, { "id": "19368099", "text": "three pod story structure, which Tancharoen said \"has made our lives easier, to break it down in that way.\" In July 2016, members of the cast and the executive producers attended San Diego Comic-Con to promote the season. The trolly used to transport attendees at San Diego Comic-Con was covered in advertisements for the series, highlighting the addition of Ghost Rider. Also, Ghost Rider's 1969 Dodge Charger was revealed on the show floor. The first teaser trailer for the season was released in early September 2016, as \"found footage\" showing Ghost Rider's car \"peeling out\", followed shortly after by a", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" }, { "id": "19719809", "text": "to be the subtitle for the first \"pod\" of episodes for the season. The premiere episode was first shown, before its ABC airing, at a special fan screening event held for the season on September 19, 2016, at Pacific Theatres at The Grove in Los Angeles. The episode began streaming on Netflix, along with the rest of the fourth season, on June 15, 2017. In the United States the episode received a 1.1/4 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, meaning that it was seen by 1.1 percent of all households, and 4 percent of all", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719804", "text": "months of speculation, Gabriel Luna was revealed to be cast in the role. Lorenzo James Henrie was later revealed to be cast as his younger brother Gabe Reyes. Shortly after Comic-Con, Lilli Birdsell was revealed to be cast as the mysterious Lucy. In August, Mallory Jansen was cast as the android Aida, whose artificial intelligence was briefly voiced by Amanda Rea during the third-season finale. In September 2016, Marvel confirmed that Luna, Henrie, Jansen, and Birdsell would guest star in \"The Ghost\", and that they would be joined by Natalia Cordova-Buckley as Elena \"Yo-Yo\" Rodriguez, Briana Venskus as Agent Piper,", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "3222083", "text": "to prevent the corruption of the powers with their human hosts. Zadkiel has other motives he keeps to himself, of which he needs the powers of the riders to tear down the walls of New Jerusalem and wage war on the heavens. A version of Ghost Rider appeared in the miniseries \"Ghost Rider: Trail of Tears\" #1–6 (April–Sept. 2007) by writer Garth Ennis and artist Clayton Crain. Set during the American Civil War, it finds Confederate officer Travis Parham avenging the murders of his friend, an ex-slave named Caleb and Caleb's family. Parham meets a horse-riding Ghost Rider who seeks", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "16747791", "text": "a little darker because of\" this change, with Loeb adding that \"It absolutely offers opportunities. I don't know that it changes things all that dramatically [though]. I mean, at the end of the day, Marvel is always going to make shows that run somewhere between PG-13 and PG-16. We're not going to be making \"Deadpool\" anytime soon on [ABC].\" Marvel \"had a long talk with ABC about what can we get away with, so to speak\" in the new timeslot, which led to the inclusion of Ghost Rider in the season over one of Marvel's Netflix series, because Marvel felt", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." }, { "id": "19789073", "text": "originally aired on ABC on November 1, 2016, and was watched by 4.57 million viewers within a week of its release. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised the handling of the Ghost Rider origin story and the reveal that Morrow is a villain. Many reviewers highlighted the introduction of Johnny Blaze, and the potential ramifications of his appearance for the MCU. \"Back in the day\", scientists Joseph and Lucy Bauer build a machine that can create matter from nothing, violating the first law of thermodynamics. After having some drinks to celebrate, Lucy reveals to their co-worker", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719814", "text": "deserves to lose her life in battle, only for the Rider to silently disagree.\" Rob Leane at \"Den of Geek\" compared the series' new status quo to \"Red Dwarf VIII\" and called it and many of the season's storylines being set up as \"pretty strong\", but \"nothing grabbed [his] attention\" like the introduction of Ghost Rider, which Leane felt was \"a complete slam-dunk\". He praised the effects for Ghost Rider and his car, and Luna's performance. Evan Valentine, writing for Collider, gave the episode a \"good\" rating of 3 stars out of 5, saying that the series \"certainly benefits somewhat", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719815", "text": "from taking a page from\" \"Daredevil\" and \"Jessica Jones\", highlighting the number of more mature elements in the episode's opening as \"a nice introduction that shows you this may not exactly be the same show you’ve gotten to know over the years.\" Valentine called Robbie Reyes \"satisfactory\" and the Ghost Rider \"where things really shined\"; \"ABC pretty much nail the look [of Ghost Rider], and while he's obviously been tweaked to more accurately portray this new interpretation of the Spirit of Vengeance, he looks great in motion all the same ... his car has a particularly cool scene where it", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19368088", "text": "but remains \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" during \"The Return\". The \"Ghost Rider\" title card was used again for the season finale. For the Framework setting, the production team chose a specific, more \"washed\" out palette to clearly differentiate those scenes from the real world. This was realized through a combination of production and costume design, and cinematography. Ghost Rider was designed by Marvel Television creative director Joshua Shaw, based on Felipe Smith's design from the comics. His jacket was then custom made by costume designer Ann Foley and her team. The character's skull design includes exhaust-type jets of flames coming from", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" }, { "id": "3222088", "text": "of Cochrane's mind. He encounters a futuristic counterpoint to Michael Badilino's Vengeance. The Ghost Rider of 2099 appears to drop out of existence during the consolidation of the 2099 books into a single title called \"2099 World of Tomorrow.\" He subsequently appears in the 2099 \"epilogue\" book \"Manifest Destiny\", arguing with the AI that empowers him. This version of Ghost Rider, known as the Spirit of Vengeance, debuted in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", set in an alternate future of the Marvel Universe. He has the ability to traverse space and fire spike projectiles from his forearms. This Ghost Rider is", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "14955573", "text": "Rider and Nadya give pursuit. After a vehicular struggle, Ghost Rider manages to defeat Carrigan and causes the SUV carrying Roarke and Danny to crash. The Ghost Rider sends Roarke back into Hell while Danny, who had died in the accident, is returned to his mother. Channeling the blue flame of Zarathos, Johnny manages to revive Danny and assures him of his safety. As the film closes, the angelic blue flaming Ghost Rider rides off on his motorcycle, saying: \"My name is Johnny Blaze. I'm the Ghost Rider.\" On February 9, 2007, Marvel producer Avi Arad announced the development of", "title": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance" }, { "id": "19719796", "text": "Aryan Brotherhood are murdered by the fiery \"Ghost Rider\" in front of her. Agents Phil Coulson and Mack, who were forbidden from searching for Johnson by the new Director of S.H.I.E.L.D, are tipped off to her location by Agent Melinda May. They fly to Los Angeles under the guise of checking in on Inhuman asset Elena \"Yo-Yo\" Rodriguez, who has signed the controversial Sokovia Accords and is now under the jurisdiction of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the United Nations. Agent Leo Fitz visits friend and S.H.I.E.L.D. ally Holden Radcliffe, a transhumanist doctor who is on probation after previous illegal experimentation. Fitz discovers", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "3222078", "text": "his woolly mastodon getting killed in action. Ghost Rider swore revenge and assisted his teammates in defeating the Fallen and sealing it away underground in what would become South Africa. Ghost Rider later assisted the prehistoric Avengers in fighting the First Host. The Ghost Rider is a human who can transform into a skeletal superhuman wreathed in ethereal flame and given supernatural powers. The motorcycle he rides can travel faster than any conventional vehicle and can perform such seemingly impossible feats as riding up a vertical surface, across water surfaces and leaping across great distances that normal motorcycles cannot. The", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "19368100", "text": "teaser with actual footage from the series. The premiere episode \"The Ghost\" was first screened on September 19, 2016, and the episode \"Uprising\" was screened on October 7, when Gregg, Bennet, and Luna were promoting the series at New York Comic Con. A six-part web series, \"\", debuted on ABC.com on December 13, 2016. It follows Elena \"Yo–Yo\" Rodriguez on a secret mission, with Cordova-Buckley reprising her role, shortly before the start of season four. Gregg, O'Mara, Simmons, Bennet, Wen, De Caestecker and Henstridge all reprise their roles in the series. In March 2017, Marvel re-released previous posters for the", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" }, { "id": "5559545", "text": "Blu-ray and UMD on June 12, 2007. A stand-alone sequel, titled \"\", was released on February 17, 2012, with Cage reprising his role. Over one hundred years ago, the devil Mephistopheles sent his bounty hunter of the damned, the Ghost Rider, to retrieve a document known as the Contract of San Venganza, a list of a thousand corrupt souls. Seeing that the contract would give Mephistopheles the power to unleash hell on Earth, the rider refuses to give him the contract. In 1986, Mephistopheles reaches out to 17-year-old stunt motorcycle rider Johnny Blaze, offering to cure his father's cancer in", "title": "Ghost Rider (film)" }, { "id": "3222079", "text": "Ghost Riders are virtually indestructible and notoriously hard to injure by any conventional means, as bullets and knives usually pass through them without causing pain (knives are seen to melt while in their body). It is possible that they are genuinely immortal, as it is said that God created them and only God can destroy them. Despite being composed of bone and hellfire, the Ghost Riders possess formidable superhuman strength, enough to easily pick up a truck and hurl it across a road. It has been stated that Johnny Blaze as Ghost Rider can press around 25 tons (50,000 lbs)", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "19368055", "text": "was ordered in March 2016, with production taking place from that July until the following April. Alongside Clark Gregg, who reprises his role as Coulson from the film series, principal cast members Ming-Na Wen, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, and Henry Simmons return from previous seasons while John Hannah was promoted to the principal cast after appearing in a recurring role in season three. Due to its broadcast schedule, the season was split into three \"pods\": \"Ghost Rider\" for the first eight episodes, featuring recurring guest star Gabriel Luna as the supernatural Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider to", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" }, { "id": "19719812", "text": "feels a bit more organic to the show as it continues\". \"The A.V. Club\"s Alex McCown-Levy graded the episode a \"B\", calling it \"a standard first episode back, in that it once again does a lot of table-setting, and not always in the most compelling manner\". Levy felt that Ghost Rider's introduction was handled well for non-comic fans discovering the character with the show, but that the new positions of the series' main characters were more interesting and should have been focused on more. Kevin Fitzpatrick of Screen Crush said, \"I'm nervous for Season 4 overall, especially if said reinvention", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719813", "text": "doesn't goose the ratings like Marvel and ABC hope, but 'The Ghost' is reason enough for some casual optimism.\" He was positive about the new similarities to the darker series \"Daredevil\", but felt that the series \"doesn’t have the firmest handle\" on Ghost Rider, either \"who Reyes himself is in relation to his murderous alter-ego\", or in the blend of practical and digital effects—\"the finished product isn't seamless just yet\". He said, \"The junkyard battle with Daisy [and Ghost Rider] was an understandable highlight\", and praised the episode's smaller character moments like \"the moment of Daisy feeling as though she", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "3222086", "text": "Rider. The Avengers are recruited for the mission with no knowledge of the Ghost Rider except that he is 7 ft tall and has the strength of Thor. When the Avengers are unsuccessful in stopping the Ghost Rider from killing his next target, the truth behind the Ghost Rider's selection of targets is learned, and the Vice President of the United States, Michael Blackthorne is revealed to be the former leader of the motorcycle gang, who sold his soul to become a Ghost Rider, AKA Vengeance, into which Blackthorne now transforms. During their confrontation, the Ghost Rider drags Vengeance into", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "5559555", "text": "the lead role. The following August, Dimension Films joined Crystal Sky to co-finance the film, which would be directed by Stephen Norrington. Producer Avi Arad approached Eric Bana on the possibility of playing Ghost Rider, but opted to cast him in \"Hulk\" instead. In June 2001, actor and Ghost Rider fan Nicolas Cage entered talks to be cast into the lead role, after having found out about Depp being a possibility for the role and contacted the director to express his own interest. Norrington would drop out within a few months due his commitment to \"Tick Tock\" and Cage eventually", "title": "Ghost Rider (film)" }, { "id": "3222081", "text": "fangs protruding from his upper jaw, and backswept curved horns on the top of his skull. In his superhuman form, Badilino was called Vengeance, and originally attempted to kill the Ghost Rider, believing him to be Zarathos. Vengeance later became the ally of Ghost Rider and Johnny Blaze. Vengeance would also take on the role of the Ghost Rider and even semi-seriously referred to himself by that name when confronted by Spider-Man shortly after the apparent death of Ghost Rider in battle with Zarathos and acolytes The Fallen. Vengeance killed himself, along with the villain Hellgate, by triggering a massive", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "5559554", "text": "Blaze then rides away on his motorcycle, resuming his new role as the Ghost Rider. Marvel Studio began development for \"Ghost Rider\" as early as 1992 and were in discussions with potential distributors. In 1997 Gale Anne Hurd was listed as producer, with Jonathan Hensleigh attached to write the script. David S. Goyer developed a script and in May 2000 Marvel announced an agreement with Crystal Sky Entertainment to film \"Ghost Rider\" with actor Jon Voight attached as a producer. Production was scheduled to start in early 2001 with a budget of $75 million and Johnny Depp expressing interest in", "title": "Ghost Rider (film)" }, { "id": "5559557", "text": "slated to tentatively begin in May or June 2004. \"Ghost Rider\" had again been delayed to begin in late 2004, but the lack of a workable script continued to delay production. In January 2005, actor Wes Bentley was cast as the villain Blackheart, having been introduced to Johnson by Colin Farrell, who had worked with the director in \"Daredevil\". Actress Eva Mendes was also cast opposite Cage as Roxanne Simpson. On February 14, 2005, \"Ghost Rider\" commenced filming in Australia at the Melbourne Docklands film studios. Then in March 2005, actor Peter Fonda (who starred in \"Easy Rider\") was cast", "title": "Ghost Rider (film)" }, { "id": "19719816", "text": "transforms mid air and lands in a fiery blast.\" He called the Ghost Rider/Quake fight a highlight, and the latter's health issues \"an interesting twist\". He concluded saying, \"the show still has all the flaws and strengths that [it] is known for ... [but] if you're looking to rejoin your favorite agents for another solid romp with the added twist of throwing Ghost Rider into the mix, this one's for you.\" Marc Buxton, also of \"Den of Geek\", gave the episode 3.5 stars out of 5, calling it \"a fun way to kick off the new season\". He criticized the", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719808", "text": "... something along those lines.\" On how it will affect May now that she is infected by it, Wen said, \"You never want May out of control. You don't want her to be paranoid.\" Whedon added, \"You can assume that what happened to those other people might happen to her. It's not good.\" \"The Ghost\" was first aired in the United States on ABC on September 20, 2016. Promotion for the season and its premiere focused heavily on Ghost Rider, through promos and viral marketing teasers, with the season promoted as \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Ghost Rider\"; this was later revealed", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "14955577", "text": "In an interview with Superhero Hype!, Eva Mendes revealed that she would not be back as Roxanne for the sequel. The film was shot in Romania and Turkey. The film started principal photography in Sibiu, Romania in November 2010, using mostly local talent. Principal photography was completed on January 24, 2011. On March 16, 2011, it was confirmed that Johnny Whitworth would be playing the antagonist, which was also confirmed to be Blackout. The film was converted in post-production to 3D. Three scenes were shot on set Castel Film Romania. Among the places in the country chosen were Transfăgărăşan, Targu-Jiu,", "title": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance" }, { "id": "16747844", "text": "100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average score of 8.17/10 based on 15 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"Still evolving in its third season, \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" further hits its stride with a blend of thrills, humor, and heart.\" The fourth season has a 95% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average score of 7.61/10 based on 18 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" explores darker territory in its fourth season with the thrilling introduction of Ghost Rider, setting up an action-packed new chapter of Marvel's edgier mythologies.\" The fifth season has a 100% approval", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." }, { "id": "19789077", "text": "2016 San Diego Comic-Con it was revealed that the series would be adapting the character of Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider during its fourth season, with the first eight episodes making up the opening \"pod\" of episodes for the season, subtitled \"Ghost Rider\". That October, executive producer Jed Whedon said that the series' use of Reyes and his supporting characters and mythology was \"definitely pivoting from the storyline in the comics. We’re pulling the characters, the character names and the relationships, but I think you can already feel that we’ve changed it. Those dynamics will be entirely different. We’re using", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719807", "text": "shots. The effect of Ghost Rider and his flaming skull was imitated on set by Luna wearing a hood fitted with flickering lights that could be adjusted to match different temperature fire for different situations. The skull was then produced using CGI, with Luna wearing tracking markers on his face to provide performance-reference for these sequences. Flames were also produced digitally. On the mystical weapon released from the box in the episode, Whedon said, \"We are introducing a different supernatural element of the MCU, which happens to coincide with the release of \"Doctor Strange\". So that's what's in the box", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "5559559", "text": "to February 16, 2007 to help relieve the studio's crowded 2006 calendar. Instead of a \"hard drinking and smoking bad ass\" Johnny Blaze, Nicolas Cage decided to give him more depth. \"I'm playing him more as someone who... made this deal and he's trying to avoid confronting it, anything he can do to keep it away from him\". Cage also explained that Blaze's stunt riding was a form of escape and a way to keep him connected to his deceased father, who taught him to ride. Cage rode a Buell motorcycle for Blaze's stunt cycle, and a heavily customized hardtail", "title": "Ghost Rider (film)" }, { "id": "5559549", "text": "and that it will happen again, especially at night when he is near an evil soul. When he arrives home, Blaze finds Simpson and reveals himself as the devil's bounty hunter. Unconvinced, she walks away in disbelief. After a brief imprisonment for the murders which Blackheart committed, where when the inmates try to beat him up, Blaze transforms into the Ghost Rider and knocks them all out when he does, escapes the jail. The air demon, Abigor, attacks Blaze while Simpson and police watch, and is killed when Blaze traps him in a fiery tornado. The cops open fire on", "title": "Ghost Rider (film)" }, { "id": "3222080", "text": "(or more as seen in World War Hulk). Each Ghost Rider entity also had abilities specific to him or her. Michael Badilino, an ex-member of the New York City Police Department, is one-third of an \"Organic Medallion of Power\"; the other two are Ketch and Blaze (the Medallion itself was never explained in any true detail). He possesses powers more in line with those of the Zarathos version of Ghost Rider, although he also possesses the Penance Stare and his motorcycle seemed to share characteristics with the Noble Kale version. His appearance is distinguished by a deep purple skull, large", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "3222090", "text": "Phoenix IX and Mainframe. The heroes, rallied by Martinex, stay together as the new Galactic Guardians. Ghost Rider is seen in \"\" (Marvel One-Shot 1, May 2007) as one of the uninfected; he then appears briefly in \"Marvel Zombies\" at the point in which the zombie heroes of New York are making their assault on The Silver Surfer. He later appears in \"Marvel Zombies 3\" as an infected while chasing Machine Man and is then easily decapitated. In the second volume of the series in issue number 45, Daniel Ketch's sister, Barbara, becomes the Ghost Rider after Danny is killed", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "1470255", "text": "a notable return to the big screen as the bounty hunter Byron McElroy in the of the 1957 Western, \".\" He appeared together with Christian Bale and Russell Crowe. The film received two Academy Award nominations, and positive reviews from critics. He also appeared in the last scenes of the biker comedy \"Wild Hogs\" as Damien Blade, founder of the biker gang Del Fuegos and father of Jack, played by Ray Liotta. Fonda also portrayed Mephistopheles, one of two main villains in the 2007 film \"Ghost Rider.\" Although he wanted to play the character in , he was replaced by", "title": "Peter Fonda" }, { "id": "19368104", "text": "Terri Schwartz of IGN praised the introduction of Ghost Rider and subsequent darker tone which \"will eventually allow [the series] to sit more comfortably beside its corporate cousins over on Netflix\", but did feel that there were some \"growing pains\" with the transition to more mature material. \"The A.V. Club\"s Alex McCown-Levy called it \"a standard first episode back, in that it once again does a lot of table-setting, and not always in the most compelling manner\". Levy felt that Ghost Rider's introduction was handled well for non-comic fans discovering the character with the show, but that the new positions", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" }, { "id": "14955574", "text": "\"Ghost Rider 2\" at a press event. Peter Fonda had also expressed a desire to return as Mephistopheles. In early December, 2007, Nicolas Cage also expressed interest to return in the lead role as Ghost Rider. Shortly after, in another interview he went on further to mention that he would enjoy seeing a darker story, adding, \"He's not eating jelly beans anymore; he's getting drunk\". He suggested that the film could do with newly created villains. It was also rumored that the sequel would feature Danny Ketch, another Marvel character who took up the Ghost Rider mantle in the comics.", "title": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance" }, { "id": "19719802", "text": "had a rough couple of years. She's taking some time and I think it's kind of her way of protecting the people that she cares about. Everyone she's gotten close to, something bad has happened to them. It's her weird, selfish way of protecting them\". This, the character's assertion in the episode to Ghost Rider that she \"deserves to die\". Concerning the character Fitz keeping the android Aida a secret from his girlfriend Simmons, actor Iain De Caestecker said, \"They're trying to maintain a healthy relationship while being secret undercover spies that have secret assignments ... it's with the best", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "3222074", "text": "which reprints the last issue and the previously unpublished #94. During the 2011 storyline \"Fear Itself\", a Nicaraguan woman named Alejandra Jones becomes Ghost Rider through a ritual performed by a man named Adam. Though she demonstrates many previously unknown powers of the Ghost Rider entity, she is deprived of its full power when Johnny Blaze takes back most of this power. In 2013, a new character took on the \"Ghost Rider\" mantle: a Mexican-American resident of East Los Angeles named Roberto \"Robbie\" Reyes, who drives a black classic muscle car reminiscent of a modified 1969 Dodge Charger rather than", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "19368067", "text": "additional connection. While planning the fourth season, Marvel suggested that the series introduce Ghost Rider, after the character's film rights had returned to Marvel from Sony in May 2013. Loeb felt that this made the season unquestionably \"the series' biggest\" with the \"most ambitious story yet\". He added that \"one of the things that we talked about is, S.H.I.E.L.D. always looked out for the weird, the unusual, the things that were and could be a problem for the public,\" and Marvel realized that Ghost Rider's abilities, which are more mystical than anything seen in the series to date, opened up", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" }, { "id": "19789090", "text": "This was later confirmed by others involved with the episode, with Luna later attributing the lack of onscreen clarification to legal issues. The producers did not intend to explore Blaze beyond his brief appearance in the episode, but Bell did state that he was no longer the Ghost Rider after passing on the Spirit of Vengeance to Reyes, saying that \"there is a tradition within the comics that there's been many Ghost Riders and our take on that was they're not simultaneously a tribe of Ghost Riders but that it's passed ... That's as far as we're going to take", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719798", "text": "potential targets of Quake. The gangsters have bought a weapon off the Brotherhood which can help them fight against Inhumans. They open the box containing the weapon, and unleash a mystical being who turns the gangsters berserk. She secretly infects May as well, as the strike force takes out the gangsters. Johnson meets with Rodriguez, who stole medication from S.H.I.E.L.D. during their brief check with her which can help Johnson heal—her recent over use of her Inhuman abilities as Quake has been fracturing her bones. Johnson then tracks down the Ghost Rider and confronts it, but it defeats her, explaining", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "14955576", "text": "the sequel. Goyer spoke to MTV about the sequel, stating that the story would pick up eight years after the events of the first film and that he hopes to start filming by 2010. On July 14, 2010 it was confirmed that Nicolas Cage would return, and Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor were announced to direct the film, with editor Brian Berdan and cinematographer Brandon Trost reuniting with the directors from the \"Crank\" films. Christopher Lambert underwent three months of sword training and shaved his head for his role. In July 2010, Cage revealed shooting was to start in November.", "title": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance" }, { "id": "19719793", "text": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) \"The Ghost\" is the first episode of the fourth season of the American television series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they deal with the enhanced individuals Quake and Ghost Rider. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. The episode was written by Jed Whedon and Maurissa Tancharoen, and directed by Billy Gierhart. Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19789089", "text": "older idea associated with the comic character in which the mantle is passed from one version of the Ghost Rider to another. They decided to show another Ghost Rider arrive on a motorcycle and \"hand off\" the mantle to Robbie, which Bell said \"promised more story to come possibly, whether now or later. It also plugged into the larger universe.\" The other Ghost Rider is only referred to as a \"Good Samaritan\" by Gabe in the episode, but the producers hinted with the character's design and an Easter egg in the previous episode that this was the Johnny Blaze version.", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "17960982", "text": "Action Actor at the 2017 Teen Choice Awards for his role as Ghost Rider. Luna will have a supporting role as Mr. Lawrence in the coming-of-age film \"Hala\", alongside Jack Kilmer and Anna Chlumsky. In April 2018, he was cast as a Terminator in the next installment of the \"Terminator\" franchise. Luna married Romanian actress Smaranda Luna (née Ciceu) on February 20, 2011. The couple resides in Los Angeles, California. Gabriel Luna Gabriel Isaac Luna (born December 5, 1982) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Robbie Reyes / Ghost Rider on the ABC action superhero", "title": "Gabriel Luna" }, { "id": "9445267", "text": "in at least one issue communicated via messages written on a mirror in lipstick. In the Ultimate Marvel reality, Danny Ketch, known as \"The Ghost\" was a master spy and one of the many newest recruits of General Nick Fury's Howling Commandos in order to battle Reed Richards and his Dark Ultimates, who violently started remolding the world their own shape. He is entirely normal in his appearance but has the ability to breathe fire. During the events of Cataclysm, he sacrificed himself to save those infected by the Gah Lak Tus virus and destroy the City of Tomorrow. Though", "title": "Ghost Rider (Danny Ketch)" }, { "id": "3222068", "text": "Ghost Rider Ghost Rider is the name of many antiheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Marvel had previously used the name for a Western character whose name was later changed to Phantom Rider. The first supernatural Ghost Rider is stunt motorcyclist Johnny Blaze, who, in order to save the life of his father, agreed to give his soul to \"Satan\" (later revealed to be an arch-demon named Mephisto). At night and when around evil, Blaze finds his flesh consumed by hellfire, causing his head to become a flaming skull. He rides a fiery motorcycle and wields", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "9445222", "text": "his soul in exchange for the assured safety of Roxanne. For twenty years Blaze was trained to become the Ghost Rider, and was sent into the world to get his revenge. He tracks down and kills the members of the motorcycle gang—now rich and in positions of power—individually. Due to these deaths an executive order comes down from the White House: kill the Ghost Rider. The Avengers are recruited into the mission with no knowledge of the Ghost Rider except that he is 7 feet tall and has the strength of Thor. When the Avengers were unsuccessful in stopping the", "title": "Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze)" }, { "id": "3222089", "text": "a religious zealot, embittered toward a church (a version of the Universal Church of Truth) proclaiming it would produce its god in the flesh. That being, the Protege, is destroyed by the Celestial Scathan the Approver. This Ghost Rider refers to himself simply as the Spirit of Vengeance, although his real name is given as Autocylus, from the planet Sarka. After answering a distress call from Firelord, the Guardians of the Galaxy help a planet in peril, this Ghost Rider eventually helps to destroy the threat. The Spirit of Vengeance joins several other powerful beings including Martinex, Hollywood, Replica, Firelord,", "title": "Ghost Rider" }, { "id": "19719797", "text": "that Radcliffe has secretly transferred his artificial intelligence AIDA into a human-like body, which he intends to be the first in a line of decoys for field agents in danger. Believing Radcliffe's altruistic intentions, Fitz agrees to help him perfect Aida, and to keep her a secret from his girlfriend Agent Jemma Simmons, who is in the paranoid Director's inner circle, and takes daily lie-detector tests. Simmons realizes that Coulson and Mack are investigating Johnson, and orders May to stop them; May and her new strike force arrive to find Coulson and Mack surveilling Chinese gangsters, who they believe are", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "16747792", "text": "\"that this character was right to tell [darker and more violent] stories right now\" and having him on \"S.H.I.E.L.D.\" aided that because \"it was so unexpected\". Loeb hoped that the combination of the later timeslot and the introduction of Ghost Rider would lead to some viewers who had stopped watching the series over the previous seasons giving it another chance. In May 2017, ahead of the fifth season renewal, Jed Whedon said the writers were not sure what would happen in the season, and that it would be \"by the seat of our pants.\" While beginning to write the final", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." }, { "id": "19789088", "text": "as Morrow, the guest cast includes Jason O'Mara as Mace, Maximilian Osinski as Agent Davis, Patrick Cavanaugh as Burrows, Kerr Smith as Joseph Bauer, Lili Birdsell as Lucy Bauer, Dan Donohue as Frederick, Ward Roberts as Hugo, Usman Ally as Vincent and Shaun Clay as Tac Agent Wilder. O'Mara, Osinski, Cavanaugh, Smith, Birdsell, Donohue, Roberts, and Ally reprise their roles from earlier in the series. The writers felt that it would be more interesting if Reyes was given the Ghost Rider mantle physically rather than by making a deal \"with some disembodied spirit\", and decided to tie in with an", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "9220817", "text": "Raquel Alessi Raquel Nazzerena Alessi (born March 7, 1983) is an American actress and model who starred on the FOX series \"Standoff\" and the film \"Ghost Rider\". She portrays the title character in the 2009 film \"Miss March\", alongside Zach Cregger and Trevor Moore from the comedy troupe Whitest Kids U Know. Raquel Alessi was born in Bayonne, New Jersey. In 1992, she was replaced by Ashley Nation (who has blonde hair) on Kidsongs when she had blonde hair and was departed from that in 1990 because she replaced 1987 departed Alanna Mulhern (who has blonde hair) in 1990. She", "title": "Raquel Alessi" }, { "id": "5559569", "text": "the film, he also criticized it, calling it a \"clumsy, lifeless outing\". IGN named the film the worst comic book film of the decade. The film was nominated for one Razzie Award for Nicolas Cage as Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor. A stand-alone sequel, entitled \"Spirit of Vengeance\", started filming in November 2010 and was released on February 17, 2012. Cage reprised his role as Johnny Blaze and also portrayed Johnny Blaze in his Ghost Rider form. \"Crank\" filmmakers Neveldine/Taylor directed the film. The film opened to worse reviews than the first but was a box office success. Ghost", "title": "Ghost Rider (film)" }, { "id": "19719801", "text": "for us will be in the sexual nature\". This is evidenced by the episode's opening, a \"sexy\" look at the character Quake getting dressed. Executive producer Jeph Loeb added, \"what it does is give us the chance to tell different stories. The idea is some of the material might be more mature, there may be more grit, what we're doing might be darker. It certainly made a lot more sense when we wanted to introduce a character like Ghost Rider into this world.\" Discussing Quake's mindset when the episode picks up, actress Chloe Bennet said, \"She's not doing well. She's", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19368105", "text": "of the series' main characters were more interesting and should have been focused on more. Kevin Fitzpatrick of Screen Crush said, \"I’m nervous for Season 4 overall, especially if said reinvention doesn’t goose the ratings like Marvel and ABC hope, but “The Ghost” is reason enough for some casual optimism.\" He was positive about the new similarities to the darker series \"Daredevil\", but felt that the series \"doesn’t have the firmest handle\" on Ghost Rider yet. Evan Valentine, writing for Collider, said that the series \"certainly benefits somewhat from taking a page from\" the Marvel Netflix series, highlighting the number", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" }, { "id": "19789078", "text": "them as inspiration.\" Marvel soon revealed that the sixth episode of the season would be titled \"The Good Samaritan\", and would tell the series' version of Reyes' origin story. It is written by executive producer Jeffrey Bell, with Billy Gierhart directing. Gabriel Luna, who portrays Reyes, explained at the end of October 2016 that the confrontation between his character and the last member of the Fifth Street Locos gang in the episode \"Lockup\" revealed to Reyes that the accident that caused him to become Ghost Rider \"wasn’t just random, it was a hit, somebody ordered that, these guys were just", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19764338", "text": "with them when he hears that Lucy has the \"Darkhold\". Morrow is directed to safety, while Reyes stops to confront one of the prisoners, a member of the gang who were responsible for him becoming the Ghost Rider. The prisoner reveals that they were hired to carry out the job, but does not know who by, before the Ghost Rider murders him. Outside the prison, Morrow is found by Lucy who needs his help to read the \"Darkhold\" and revert her ghostly state. May talks to Johnson about her recent isolationist approach to their group, and tries to convince her", "title": "Lockup (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19719817", "text": "Ghost Rider transformation scene as \"way too CGI cartoony\" and negatively compared it to \"Grimm\", but otherwise said that \"Ghost Rider feels right\" and much improved over the Nicolas Cage \"Ghost Rider\" films. He also criticized the opening shots of Johnson, calling them \"misogynistic\" and saying, \"Seriously Marvel, you’re better than that.\" Comic Book Resources named \"The Ghost\" as the 15th best episode in 2016 among comic book-related television series. The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) \"The Ghost\" is the first episode of the fourth season of the American television series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "6763389", "text": "series was canceled in 2010. In 2010 he was seen on an Episode of \"\". In 2013 he began playing the recurring role of Ian Quinn in the first season of \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\". Conrad has been a visiting professor of Literature and Drama at the University of Pittsburgh. David Conrad David Conrad (born August 17, 1967) is an American actor. From 2005 to 2010, he starred in the television series \"Ghost Whisperer\" alongside Jennifer Love Hewitt. Conrad, the youngest of three boys, is the son of James Watson Conrad, an engineer, and Margaret Clement Conrad, a librarian. He is", "title": "David Conrad" }, { "id": "19719800", "text": "written by executive producers Jed Whedon and Maurissa Tancharoen, with Billy Gierhart directing. It serves as the beginning of the season's \"Ghost Rider\" \"pod\" of episodes, which consists of the first eight episodes. \"The Ghost\" also introduces a new title card for the series. On how much more \"mature\" the episode is from previous episodes given the later air time, Whedon explained that ABC \"haven't really ever given us a note on violence. We've cut people into pieces and hacked them up and shot people point blank in the head. Never got any notes on that. So pushing the envelope", "title": "The Ghost (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19368095", "text": "is shown experimenting on extra-dimensional energy using the \"Darkhold\", the Book of Sins from the comics. In December, Whedon said that Peggy Carter \"is a part of the universe, and she’s a character we care about\", and that there was a good chance of having bigger connections to her show moving forward after the \"Ghost Rider\" pod. The season's exploring of supernatural and mystical concepts ties-in with the release of \"Doctor Strange\", the first MCU film to explore magic. In addition to the \"Darkhold\", this includes the introduction of Ghost Rider, with Whedon explaining in July 2016, that \"the Marvel", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" }, { "id": "9445165", "text": "Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze) Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze) is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the second Marvel character to use the name Ghost Rider, following Carter Slade (the Western comics hero later known as the Phantom Rider) and preceding Daniel Ketch, Alejandra Jones, and Robbie Reyes. The character's story begins when motorcycle stuntman Johnny Blaze becomes bound to the Spirit of Vengeance Zarathos after making a deal with Mephisto to spare his surrogate father. With his supernatural powers, Johnny seeks vengeance as the \"Ghost Rider\". The character has been", "title": "Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze)" }, { "id": "19789076", "text": "help find Morrow. The Ghost Rider attacks and defeats Mace, only sparing his life because of Gabe's pleading. Coulson convinces Mace that Robbie can be prosecuted later, and that they need to stop Lucy now. When they find Lucy, Robbie destroys her, but not before she reveals that Morrow wanted the \"Darkhold\"s power for himself and had intentionally turned her into this ghostly state. Coulson finds Morrow, to see him attempt an experiment on himself. An energy blast from the experiment makes Coulson, Robbie, and agent Leo Fitz disappear, and Morrow successfully displays the ability to create matter. At the", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "20578902", "text": "B.J. Britt B.J. Britt (born May 7, 1982) (sometimes spelled as BJ Britt) is an American actor best known for his role as Antoine Triplett on \"Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" Born in Wilson, North Carolina, Britt made his television debut in 2003 appearing in the recurring role of Devon Fox in \"One Tree Hill\". Subsequently, he appeared in TV shows such as \"Veronica Mars\", \"\", \"Cold Case\" and \"The Vampire Diaries\". He has also acted in movies such as the Victor Salva film \"Peaceful Warrior\" and in the \"Twilight\" parody film \"Vampires Suck\". In 2014 he was cast as Agent", "title": "B.J. Britt" }, { "id": "9445216", "text": "Riders. As a primal agent of Heaven, empowered by the Spirits of Vengeance, created by the power of God Himself ages past to enact vengeance upon the sinners of mankind, Johnny Blaze is one of the most powerful entities within the mortal and immortal realms. The common theme of the Ghost Rider is a human host who transforms into a flaming-headed skeleton with a vehicle and supernatural powers. When riding their vehicles, they can travel faster than conventional vehicles and can maneuver impossible feats such as riding straight up a vertical surface or across water. Initially when transformed, Blaze's motorcycle", "title": "Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze)" }, { "id": "18302345", "text": "role as Coulson from the film series, and is joined by principal cast members Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, and Nick Blood. The series was renewed for a second season in May 2014, and production began that July. That month, guest star Lucy Lawless's role was revealed, building hype for her appearance, although her character was always intended to be killed off at the end of the episode. Other guest stars include Hayley Atwell, Neal McDonough, and Kenneth Choi, reprising their roles from previous MCU projects in a sequence that ties-in with another MCU", "title": "Shadows (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "6344287", "text": "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend \"(Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend\" is a cowboy-styled country/western song written in 1948 by American songwriter, film and television actor Stan Jones. A number of versions were crossover hits on the pop charts in 1949, the most successful being by Vaughn Monroe. The ASCAP database lists the song as \"Riders in the Sky\" (title code 480028324), but the title has been written as \"Ghost Riders\", \"Ghost Riders in the Sky\", and \"A Cowboy Legend\". Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100", "title": "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend" }, { "id": "5559547", "text": "motorcycle rider known for surviving numerous deadly crashes. Blaze meets his lifelong sweetheart Roxanne Simpson, now a news reporter, whom he abandoned after his father's death. He convinces her to attend a dinner date. Meanwhile, Blackheart, the demonic son of Mephistopheles, comes to Earth, along with three fallen angels who bonded with the elements air, earth, and water. They seek to find the Contract of San Venganza. In response, Mephistopheles makes Blaze the new Ghost Rider and offers to return his soul if he defeats Blackheart, though he is also told he has no choice since he signed a contract", "title": "Ghost Rider (film)" }, { "id": "18727409", "text": "respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would include Henry Simmons as Alphonso “Mack” Mackenzie, Ruth Negga as Raina, Patton Oswalt as Sam/Billy Koenig, Kyle MacLachlan as Cal, Edward James Olmos as Robert Gonzales, Jamie Harris as Gordon, Christine Adams as Agent Weaver, Mark Allan Stewart as Agent Oliver, Maya Stojan as Kara/Agent 33, Dichen Lachman as Jiaying, Luke Mitchell as Lincoln Campbell, Alicia Vela-Bailey as Alisha, David Douglas as Michael and Crystal Coney as scientist. Vela-Bailey, Douglas, and Coney did not receive guest star credit in the episode. Simmons, Negga, Oswalt, MacLachlan, Olmos, Harris,", "title": "Scars (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "12485094", "text": "United States, peaking at number 37 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. Her most successful single on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 was the 1999 release \"How Do I Deal\", which peaked at number 59. From 2005 to 2010, Hewitt starred as Melinda Gordon on the CBS supernatural drama \"Ghost Whisperer\", for which she received two Saturn Awards in 2007 and 2008. She later starred on the Lifetime drama series \"The Client List\" from 2012 to 2013, and was previously nominated for a Golden Globe Award for the pilot film. From 2014 to 2015, she starred as Special Agent Kate Callahan on", "title": "Jennifer Love Hewitt" }, { "id": "3436680", "text": "custody. Phantom Rider Phantom Rider is the name of several fictional characters, Old West heroic gunfighters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was originally called Ghost Rider, and was renamed following the introduction of Marvel's motorcycle-riding character called Ghost Rider. Marvel's first Ghost Rider look was based on the Magazine Enterprises character Ghost Rider (Rex Fury), created by writer Ray Krank and artist Dick Ayers for editor Vincent Sullivan in \"Tim Holt\" #11 (1949). The character appeared in horror-themed Western stories through the run of \"Tim Holt\", \"Red Mask\", and \"A-1 Comics\" up until the", "title": "Phantom Rider" }, { "id": "9445224", "text": "Rider, to which he agrees. The Johnny Blaze version of the Ghost Rider was ranked #5 on a listing of Marvel Comics' monster characters in 2015. Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze) Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze) is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the second Marvel character to use the name Ghost Rider, following Carter Slade (the Western comics hero later known as the Phantom Rider) and preceding Daniel Ketch, Alejandra Jones, and Robbie Reyes. The character's story begins when motorcycle stuntman Johnny Blaze becomes bound to the Spirit of Vengeance Zarathos", "title": "Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze)" }, { "id": "19756356", "text": "on October 18, 2016. Ahead of the episode's airing, Marvel released a teaser poster depicting Ghost Rider and his Hellcharger, with the pod's promotional title \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Ghost Rider\". The poster was drawn by comic book artist Francesco Francavilla. Luna promoted the episode as Lola vs. Lucy, referring to the episode's car chase. The episode began streaming on Netflix, along with the rest of the fourth season, on June 15, 2017. In the United States the episode received a 0.7/3 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, meaning that it was seen by 0.7 percent", "title": "Let Me Stand Next to Your Fire" }, { "id": "14955580", "text": "was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards: Worst Actor (Nicolas Cage; also for \"Seeking Justice\") and Worst Remake, Rip-off or Sequel. The film opened in 3,174 theaters at #3, with North American box office receipts of $22.1 million, behind \"Safe House\", which moved to #1 on its second weekend. \"The Vow\", the holdover from the previous week, made less than half of \"Ghost Rider\"s opening weekend of $45.4 million. It went on to gross $51.8 million at the U.S. box office and $80.8 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $132.6 million. In February 2012, directors Mark Neveldine and Brian", "title": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance" }, { "id": "19789084", "text": "to \"the past of the other\" Ghost Rider characters, which was described as \"the best of both worlds\". The episode also explores the idea that Reyes made a deal that involved becoming the Ghost Rider, and now he has \"this thing in\" him that wants to murder people which Reyes is \"ambivalent\" about. Bell said that this is the main aspect of their version that grounds him in \"a sadness ... and a weight\", particularly when interacting with his brother Gabe. In terms of the season's overarching plot, Bell said it was important to tell Reyes' origin story in the", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)" }, { "id": "19620216", "text": "Ghosthunters (film) Ghosthunters is a 2016 American direct-to-video horror film written and directed by Pearry Reginald Teo. The film stars Francesca Santoro, Stephen Manley and David O'Donnell. The film was released by The Asylum on July 5, 2016. In the tradition of The Asylum's catalog, \"Ghosthunters\" is a mockbuster of the 2016 film reboot \"Ghostbusters. A group of paranormal investigators, Neal, Henry, Jessica, Neal's girlfriend Amy, and Jessica's girlfriend Devon, have arrived at a house where Henry's wife and daughter were murdered by a serial killer known only as the Night Stalker. The team hopes to free the pair's souls", "title": "Ghosthunters (film)" }, { "id": "3436670", "text": "Phantom Rider Phantom Rider is the name of several fictional characters, Old West heroic gunfighters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was originally called Ghost Rider, and was renamed following the introduction of Marvel's motorcycle-riding character called Ghost Rider. Marvel's first Ghost Rider look was based on the Magazine Enterprises character Ghost Rider (Rex Fury), created by writer Ray Krank and artist Dick Ayers for editor Vincent Sullivan in \"Tim Holt\" #11 (1949). The character appeared in horror-themed Western stories through the run of \"Tim Holt\", \"Red Mask\", and \"A-1 Comics\" up until the institution", "title": "Phantom Rider" }, { "id": "4990385", "text": "GhostRider (roller coaster) GhostRider is a wooden roller coaster at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. It is located in the Ghost Town section of the park, south of the main entrance. It is the tallest and longest wooden coaster on the West Coast of the United States. The ride was formerly manufactured by the defunct Custom Coasters International. Construction on the attraction proceeded so quickly that the coaster was completed and opened nearly six months ahead of schedule. In August 1999, an unsecured piece of wood from the track was lifted by a passing train and thrown into", "title": "GhostRider (roller coaster)" }, { "id": "7950723", "text": "cyberspace, thus blocking access to the knowledge he had stolen from his enemies. Cochrane's mind is discovered by the artificial intelligence dwelling in a hidden section of cyberspace known as the Ghostworks. The Ghostworks ask Zero to be their avatar in the real world, feeling his brash and rebellious attitude will make him the ideal candidate. Cochrane accepts and is downloaded into a robotic Cybertek 101 body. Due to his similarity to the 20th-century superhero, the robot becomes known as the Ghost Rider. The Ghost Rider proceeds to avenge his own death and struggles against the plans of the D/Monix", "title": "Ghost Rider 2099" }, { "id": "19368103", "text": "This led to the renewal of the series for a fifth season. The season averaged 4.22 million total viewers, including from DVR, ranking 110th among network series in the 2016–17 television season. It also had an average total 18-49 rating of 1.5, which was 70th. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 94% approval rating with an average score of 7.61/10, based on 18 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" explores darker territory in its fourth season with the thrilling introduction of Ghost Rider, setting up an action-packed new chapter of Marvel's edgier mythologies.\" Reviewing the premiere,", "title": "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)" } ]

[ "Benjamin Franklin", "John Jay", "James Madison", "John Adams", "George Washington", "Alexander Hamilton", "Thomas Jefferson" ]

[ { "id": "2840379", "text": "Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay were authors of", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840410", "text": "Hancock, Henry, Morris, Marshall, Rush, and Paine). Founding Fathers of the United States The Founding Fathers of the United States were a group of philosophers, politicians, and writers who led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Most were descendants of colonists settled in the Thirteen Colonies in North America. Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson, and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840380", "text": "\"The Federalist Papers\", advocating ratification of the Constitution. The constitutions drafted by Jay and Adams for their respective states of New York (1777) and Massachusetts (1780) were heavily relied upon when creating language for the US Constitution. Jay, Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of Paris (1783) that would end the American Revolutionary War. Washington was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and was President of the Constitutional Convention. All held additional important roles in the early government of the United States, with Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison serving as President. Jay was the nation's first Chief Justice, Hamilton was the", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840382", "text": "of Founding Fathers include: 1) those who signed the Continental Association, a trade ban and one of the colonists' first collective volleys protesting British control and the Intolerable Acts in 1774 or 2) those who signed the Articles of Confederation, the first U.S. constitutional document. The phrase \"Founding Fathers\" is a 20th-century appellation, coined by Warren G. Harding in 1916. Prior to, and during the 19th century, they were referred to as simply the \"Fathers\". The term has been used to describe the founders and first settlers of the original royal colonies. The First Continental Congress met briefly in Philadelphia,", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840404", "text": "both died on the same day – July 4, 1826. The last remaining founders, also called the \"Last of the Romans\", lived well into the nineteenth century. The following men and women are also recognized by many as having been founders of the United States, based upon their contributions to the formation of American nation and democracy. Several Founding Fathers were instrumental in establishing schools and societal institutions that still exist today: Articles and books by twenty-first century historians combined with the digitization of primary sources like handwritten letters continue to contribute to an encyclopedic body of knowledge about the", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840388", "text": "schools established in the U.S., Founders also sought advanced degrees from traditional institutions in England and Scotland such as the University of Edinburgh, the University of St. Andrews, and the University of Glasgow. Several like John Jay, James Wilson, John Williams and George Wythe were trained as lawyers through apprenticeships in the colonies while a few trained at the Inns of Court in London. Franklin, Washington, John Williams and Henry Wisner had little formal education and were largely self-taught or learned through apprenticeship. The great majority were born in the Thirteen Colonies. But at least nine were born outside: Many", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840390", "text": "of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence and concluded: Several of the Founding Fathers had extensive national, state, local and foreign political experience prior to the adoption of the Constitution in 1787. Some had been diplomats. Several had been members of the Continental Congress or elected President of that body. Nearly all of the 55 Constitutional Convention delegates had some experience in colonial and state government, and the majority had held county and local offices. Those who lacked national congressional experience were Bassett, Blair, Brearly, Broom, Davie, Dayton, Alexander Martin, Luther Martin, Mason, McClurg, Paterson, Charles Pinckney, Strong, and", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840400", "text": "and Wythe) married more than once. George Washington, \"The Father of our Country,\" had no biological descendants. The National Archives and Records Administration also known as NARA, defines U.S. Founding Documents, or Charters of Freedom, as the Declaration of Independence (1776), The Constitution (1787) and the Bill of Rights (1791). These original instruments which represent the philosophy of the United States are housed in Washington, D.C. in the NARA Rotunda. The Library of Congress further identifies the Articles of Confederation, also preserved at NARA, as a primary U.S. document. The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution of the", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840392", "text": "Historian Gregg L. Frazer argues that the leading Founders (John Adams, Jefferson, Franklin, Wilson, Morris, Madison, Hamilton, and Washington) were neither Christians nor Deists, but rather supporters of a hybrid \"theistic rationalism\". Many Founders deliberately avoided public discussion of their faith. Historian David L. Holmes uses evidence gleaned from letters, government documents, and second- hand accounts to identify their religious beliefs. The founding fathers were not unified on the issue of slavery. In her study of Thomas Jefferson, historian Annette Gordon-Reed discusses this topic, \"Others of the founders held slaves, but no other founder drafted the charter for freedom, \"", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840386", "text": "Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset for some including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton was to create a new frame of government rather than amending the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the United States Constitution and the replacement of the Continental Congress with the United States Congress. The Founding Fathers represented a cross-section of 18th-century U.S. leadership. According to a study of the biographies by Caroline Robbins: Many of the Founding Fathers attended or held degrees from the colonial", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840381", "text": "first Secretary of the Treasury, and Franklin was America's most senior diplomat, and later the governmental leader of Pennsylvania. The term Founding Fathers is sometimes used to refer to the Signers of the embossed version of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. \"Signers\" should not be confused with the term \"Framers\"; the Framers are defined by the National Archives as those 55 individuals who were appointed to be delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention and took part in drafting the proposed Constitution of the United States. Of the 55 Framers, only 39 were signers of the Constitution. Two further groupings", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840403", "text": "Hamilton was 21, Aaron Burr was 20, Gouverneur Morris was 24. The oldest were Benjamin Franklin, 70, and Samuel Whittemore, 81. Secretary Charles Thomson lived to the age of 94. Johnson died at 92. John Adams lived to the age of 90. A few – Franklin, Jay, Jefferson, Madison, Hugh Williamson, and George Wythe – lived into their eighties. Approximately 16 died in their seventies, 21 in their sixties, 8 in their fifties, and 5 in their forties. Three (Alexander Hamilton, Richard Dobbs Spaight and Button Gwinnett) were killed in duels. Friends and political adversaries John Adams and Thomas Jefferson", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840389", "text": "of them had moved from one state to another. Eighteen had already lived, studied or worked in more than one state or colony: Baldwin, Bassett, Bedford, Davie, Dickinson, Few, Franklin, Ingersoll, Hamilton, Livingston, Alexander Martin, Luther Martin, Mercer, Gouverneur Morris, Robert Morris, Read, Sherman, and Williamson. Several others had studied or traveled abroad. The Founding Fathers practiced a wide range of high and middle-status occupations, and many pursued more than one career simultaneously. They did not differ dramatically from the Loyalists, except they were generally younger and less senior in their professions. Historian Caroline Robbins in 1977 examined the status", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840383", "text": "Pennsylvania in 1774, consisting of fifty-six delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies (not including Georgia) that became the United States of America. Among them was George Washington, who would soon be drawn out of military retirement to command the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Also in attendance was Patrick Henry, and John Adams, who like all delegates were elected by their respective colonial assemblies. Other delegates included Samuel Adams from Massachusetts, John Dickinson from Pennsylvania and New York's John Jay. This congress in addition to formulating appeals to the British crown, established the Continental Association to administer", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840391", "text": "Yates. Franklin T. Lambert (2003) has examined the religious affiliations and beliefs of some of the Founders. Of the 55 delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention, 28 were Anglicans (in the Church of England; or Episcopalian, after the American Revolutionary War was won), 21 were Protestants, and two were Roman Catholics (D. Carroll, and Fitzsimons). Among the Protestant delegates to the Constitutional Convention, eight were Presbyterians, seven were Congregationalists, two were Lutherans, two were Dutch Reformed, and two were Methodists. A few prominent Founding Fathers were anti-clerical Christians such as Thomas Jefferson, who constructed the \"Jefferson Bible\", and Benjamin Franklin.", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840384", "text": "boycott actions against Britain. When the Second Continental Congress convened on May 10, 1775, it essentially reconstituted the First Congress. Many of the same 56 delegates who attended the first meeting participated in the second. New arrivals included Benjamin Franklin and Robert Morris of Pennsylvania, John Hancock of Massachusetts, and John Witherspoon of New Jersey. Hancock was elected Congress President two weeks into the session when Peyton Randolph was recalled to Virginia to preside over the House of Burgesses. Thomas Jefferson replaced Randolph in the Virginia congressional delegation. The second Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon was the only", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840401", "text": "United States until its replacement by the present Constitution on March 4, 1789. Signatories of the Continental Association (CA), Declaration of Independence (DI), Articles of Confederation (AC), and the United States Constitution (USC)): Subsequent events in the lives of the Founding Fathers after the adoption of the Constitution were characterized by success or failure, reflecting the abilities of these men as well as the vagaries of fate. Washington, Adams, Jefferson and Madison served in highest U.S. office of President. Jay would be appointed as Chief Justice of the United States and later elected to two terms as Governor of New", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840406", "text": "the 1820s and 1830s – men like Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun – \"the founders\" represented a heroic but anonymous abstraction whose long shadow fell across all followers and whose legendary accomplishments defied comparison. We can win no laurels in a war for independence,\" Webster acknowledged in 1825. \"Earlier and worthier hands have gathered them all. Nor are there places for us ... [as] the founders of states. Our fathers have filled them. But there remains to us a great duty of defence and preservation. Joanne B. Freeman Freeman's area of expertise is the life", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840405", "text": "Founding Fathers. Ron Chernow won the Pulitzer Prize for his biography of George Washington. His bestselling book about Alexander Hamilton inspired the blockbuster musical of the same name. Joseph J. Ellis – According to Ellis, the concept of the Founding Fathers of the U.S. emerged in the 1820s as the last survivors died out. Ellis says \"the founders\", or \"the fathers\", comprised an aggregate of semi-sacred figures whose particular accomplishments and singular achievements were decidedly less important than their sheer presence as a powerful but faceless symbol of past greatness. For the generation of national leaders coming of age in", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840385", "text": "active clergyman to sign the Declaration. He also signed the Articles of Confederation and attended the New Jersey (1787) convention that ratified the Federal Constitution. The newly founded country of the United States had to create a new government to replace the British Parliament. The U.S. adopted the Articles of Confederation, a declaration that established a national government with a one-house legislature. Its ratification by all thirteen colonies gave the second Congress a new name: the Congress of the Confederation, which met from 1781 to 1789. The Constitutional Convention took place during the summer of 1787, in Philadelphia. Although the", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840402", "text": "York. Seven (Fitzsimons, Gorham, Luther Martin, Mifflin, Robert Morris, Pierce, and Wilson) suffered serious financial reversals that left them in or near bankruptcy. Robert Morris spent three of the last years of his life imprisoned following bad land deals. Two, Blount and Dayton, were involved in possibly treasonous activities. Yet, as they had done before the convention, most of the group continued to render public service, particularly to the new government they had helped to create. Many of the Founding Fathers were under 40 years old at the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776: Alexander", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "739753", "text": "fear of corruption. For the Founding Fathers, according to one team of historians, \"republicanism represented more than a particular form of government. It was a way of life, a core ideology, an uncompromising commitment to liberty, and a total rejection of aristocracy.\" The Thirteen Colonies began a rebellion against British rule in 1775 and proclaimed their independence in 1776 as the United States of America. In the American Revolutionary War (1775–83) the Americans captured the British invasion army at Saratoga in 1777, secured the Northeast and encouraged the French to make a military alliance with the United States. France brought", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "id": "2840408", "text": "position and actions on slavery. She points out \"the central dilemma at the heart of American democracy: the desire to create a society based on liberty and equality\" that yet does not extend those privileges to all.\" Jack N. Rakove – Thomas Jefferson Peter S. Onuf – Thomas Jefferson The Founding Fathers were portrayed in the Tony Award winning musical \"1776\", a stage production about the debates over, and eventual adoption of, the Declaration of Independence; the popular performance was later turned into the 1972 film More recently, several of the Founding Fathers – Hamilton, Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Laurens and", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840399", "text": "of Baptist affiliation among those who did attend. Of the 55 who did attend at some point, no more than 38 delegates showed up at one time. Only four (Baldwin, Gilman, Jenifer, and Alexander Martin) were lifelong bachelors. Many of their spouses, like Eliza Schuyler Hamilton, Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, Sarah Livingston Jay, Dolley Madison, Mary White Morris and Catherine Alexander Duer were strong women who made significant contributions of their own to the fight for liberty. Sherman fathered the largest family: 15 children by two wives. At least nine (Bassett, Brearly, Johnson, Mason, Paterson, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Sherman, Wilson,", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840393", "text": "In addition to Jefferson, George Washington, John Jay and many other of the Founding Fathers practiced slavery but were also conflicted by the institution which many saw as immoral and politically divisive. Conversely, many founders such as Samuel Adams and John Adams were against slavery their entire lives. Benjamin Rush wrote a pamphlet in 1773 which harshly condemned slavery and beseeched the colonists to petition the king and put an end to the British African Company of Merchants which kept slavery and the slave trade going. Franklin, though he was a key founder of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society originally owned", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840394", "text": "slaves whom he later manumitted. While serving in the Rhode Island Assembly, Stephen Hopkins introduced one of the earliest anti-slavery laws in the colonies, and John Jay would try unsuccessfully to abolish slavery as early as 1777 in the State of New York. He nonetheless founded the New York Manumission Society in 1785, for which Hamilton became an officer. They and other members of the Society founded the African Free School in New York City, to educate the children of free blacks and slaves. When Jay was governor of New York in 1798, he helped secure--an signed into law an", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "6683488", "text": "from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the French and Indian War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to gain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, with the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "2840409", "text": "Burr – were reimagined in \"Hamilton\", an acclaimed production about the life of Alexander Hamilton, with music, lyrics and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda.The show was inspired by the 2004 biography \"Alexander Hamilton\" by historian Ron Chernow. The rap musical won 11 Tony Awards and a Pulitzer Prize for Drama. In their 2015 children's book, \"The Founding Fathers\" author Jonah Winter and illustrator Barry Blitt categorized 14 leading patriots into two teams based on their contributions to the formation of America - the Varsity Squad (Washington, Franklin, Jefferson, John Adams, Madison, Jay, and Hamilton) and the Junior Varsity Squad (Sam Adams,", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840387", "text": "colleges, most notably Columbia known at the time as \"King's College\", Princeton originally known as \"The College of New Jersey\", Harvard College, the College of William and Mary, Yale College and University of Pennsylvania. Some had previously been home schooled or obtained early instruction from private tutors or academies. Others had studied abroad. Ironically, Benjamin Franklin who had little formal education himself would ultimately establish the College of Philadelphia based on European models (1740); \"Penn\" would have the first medical school (1765) in the thirteen colonies where another Founder, Benjamin Rush would eventually teach. With a limited number of professional", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "2840407", "text": "and legacy of Alexander Hamilton as well as political culture of the revolutionary and early national eras. Freeman has documented the often opposing visions of the Founding Fathers as they tried to build a new framework for governance, \"Regional distrust, personal animosity, accusation, suspicion, implication, and denouncement—this was the tenor of national politics from the outset.\" Annette Gordon-Reed is an American historian and Harvard Law School professor. She is noted for changing scholarship on Thomas Jefferson regarding his relationship with Sally Hemings and her children. She has studied the challenges facing the Founding Fathers particularly as it relates to their", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "46930", "text": "Philadelphia Convention. He held an honorary position and seldom engaged in debate. He is the only Founding Father who is a signatory of all four of the major documents of the founding of the United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Alliance with France, the Treaty of Paris and the United States Constitution. In 1787, a group of prominent ministers in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, proposed the foundation of a new college named in Franklin's honor. Franklin donated £200 towards the development of Franklin College (now called Franklin & Marshall College). Between 1771 and 1788, he finished his autobiography. While", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "13110563", "text": "James Wilson James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress, where he represented Pennsylvania, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States. Born near St Andrews, Scotland, Wilson immigrated to Philadelphia in 1766, becoming a teacher at the College", "title": "James Wilson" }, { "id": "9592005", "text": "May 14 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was purportedly intended only to revise the Articles, the intention of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The convention convened in the Pennsylvania State House, and George Washington of Virginia was unanimously elected as president of the convention. The 55 delegates who drafted the Constitution are among the men known as the Founding Fathers of the new nation. Thomas Jefferson, who was Minister to France", "title": "United States Bill of Rights" }, { "id": "9989271", "text": "McCullough, \"Popular symbolism has not been very generous toward Adams. There is no memorial, no statue ... in his honor in our nation's capital, and to me that is absolutely inexcusable. It's long past time when we should recognize what he did, and who he was.\" John Adams John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, its first Vice President (1789–1797) and second President (1797–1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, and leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist, and correspondent with", "title": "John Adams" }, { "id": "11494945", "text": "1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States (1789–97), the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He presided over the convention that drafted the current United States Constitution and during his lifetime was called the \"father of his country\", and widely considered so by many historians today. Washington left volumes of letters, diaries and other documents that historians continue to draw on for insight into Washington's life and early American history overall. Biographies of George Washington number", "title": "Bibliography of George Washington" }, { "id": "2840395", "text": "abolition law; fully ending forced labor as of 1827. He freed his own slaves in 1798. Alexander Hamilton opposed slavery, as his experiences in life left him very familiar with slavery and its effect on slaves and on slaveholders, although he did negotiate slave transactions for his wife's family, the Schuylers. John Adams, Samuel Adams, and Thomas Paine never owned slaves. Slaves and slavery are mentioned only indirectly in the 1787 Constitution. For example, Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 prescribes that \"three fifths of all other Persons\" are to be counted for the apportionment of seats in the House", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "151169", "text": "George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732 – , 1799) was one of the Founding Fathers and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). He commanded Patriot forces in the new nation's American Revolutionary War and led them to victory over the British. Washington also presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the new federal government. For his leadership he has been called the \"Father of His Country\". Washington was born to a successful family of planters and slaveholders in colonial Virginia. He had educational opportunities and at age seventeen launched a successful career as a land", "title": "George Washington" }, { "id": "1896550", "text": "Roger Sherman Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an early American statesman and lawyer, as well as a Founding Father of the United States. He is the only person to have signed all four great state papers of the United States: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Sherman established a legal career in Litchfield County, Connecticut despite a lack of formal education. After a period in the Connecticut House of Representatives, he served as a Justice of the Superior Court of Connecticut from 1766", "title": "Roger Sherman" }, { "id": "209809", "text": "James Madison James Madison Jr. (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Born into a prominent Virginia planting family, Madison served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the Continental Congress during and after the American Revolutionary War. In the late 1780s, he helped organize the Constitutional Convention, which produced", "title": "James Madison" }, { "id": "1896582", "text": "Archibald Cox served as a U.S. Solicitor General and special prosecutor during President Richard Nixon's Watergate scandal; he was the great-grandson of William M. Evarts. Roger Sherman Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 – July 23, 1793) was an early American statesman and lawyer, as well as a Founding Father of the United States. He is the only person to have signed all four great state papers of the United States: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Sherman established a legal career in Litchfield County, Connecticut despite a lack", "title": "Roger Sherman" }, { "id": "12406336", "text": "American Creation American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic is a 2007 non-fiction book written by American historian Joseph Ellis and published by Alfred A. Knopf, examining the successes and failures of the Founding Fathers. Structured episodically, the book examines six turning points in the early history of the United States: the writing of the Declaration of Independence, George Washington's winter at Valley Forge, James Madison's debate with Patrick Henry over Constitutional ratification, Washington's treaty with Creek leader Alexander McGillivray, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's founding of the Democratic-Republican Party, and the Louisiana Purchase. Ellis, who", "title": "American Creation" }, { "id": "1762228", "text": "Robert Morris (financier) Robert Morris, Jr. (January 20, 1734 – May 8, 1806) was an English-born merchant and a Founding Father of the United States. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania legislature, the Second Continental Congress, and the United States Senate, and he was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. From 1781 to 1784, he served as the Superintendent of Finance of the United States, becoming known as the \"Financier of the Revolution.\" Along with Alexander Hamilton and Albert Gallatin, he is widely regarded as one of the", "title": "Robert Morris (financier)" }, { "id": "1806203", "text": "Charles Carroll of Carrollton Charles Carroll (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton or Charles Carroll III to distinguish him from his similarly-named relatives, was a wealthy Maryland planter and an early advocate of independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and one of the signers of the American Declaration of Independence. He is sometimes referred to as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America, although he was not involved in framing the United States Constitution. He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and Confederation Congress and later", "title": "Charles Carroll of Carrollton" }, { "id": "13102552", "text": "John Jay John Jay (December 23, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States (1789–1795). He directed U.S. foreign policy for much of the 1780s and was an important leader of the Federalist Party after the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788. Jay was born into a wealthy family of merchants and New York City government officials of French and Dutch descent.", "title": "John Jay" }, { "id": "1806233", "text": "Templar Knights. Carroll is mentioned in the movie \"Gone with the Wind\". . Retrieved November 2010. Charles Carroll of Carrollton Charles Carroll (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton or Charles Carroll III to distinguish him from his similarly-named relatives, was a wealthy Maryland planter and an early advocate of independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and one of the signers of the American Declaration of Independence. He is sometimes referred to as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America, although he was not involved in framing the United", "title": "Charles Carroll of Carrollton" }, { "id": "6683501", "text": "1492, other explorers followed. The first Europeans to arrive in the territory of the modern United States were Spanish conquistadors such as Juan Ponce de León, who made his first visit to Florida in 1513; however, if unincorporated territories are accounted for, then credit would go to Christopher Columbus who landed in Puerto Rico on his 1493 voyage. The Spanish set up the first settlements in Florida and New Mexico such as Saint Augustine and Santa Fe. The French established their own as well along the Mississippi River. Successful English settlement on the eastern coast of North America began with", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "9066599", "text": "Founding Brothers Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation is a Pulitzer Prize-winning book written by Joseph Ellis, a professor of history at Mount Holyoke College, which won the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for History. It explores selected interactions among a group of individuals both gifted and flawed; interactions that profoundly influenced the early development of the United States. Ellis constructed his book by assessing certain events during the decade following the 1787 Constitutional Convention, He chooses to do this not in any systematic or comprehensive manner, but by focusing on a half-dozen political personages (John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, James Madison,", "title": "Founding Brothers" }, { "id": "9989110", "text": "John Adams John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, its first Vice President (1789–1797) and second President (1797–1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, and leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist, and correspondent with his wife and advisor Abigail, and recorded important historical information on the era. A political activist prior to the American Revolution, Adams was devoted to the right to counsel and presumption of innocence. He defied anti-British sentiment and successfully defended British soldiers against murder charges arising", "title": "John Adams" }, { "id": "13110589", "text": "England.\" He made it quite clear that he thought the American items to be \"materially better.\" (First lecture.) James Wilson James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress, where he represented Pennsylvania, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United", "title": "James Wilson" }, { "id": "434485", "text": "independence until after Congress had made its decision. Political maneuvering was setting the stage for an official declaration of independence even while a document was being written to explain the decision. On June 11, 1776, Congress appointed a \"Committee of Five\" to draft a declaration, consisting of John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, Robert R. Livingston of New York, and Roger Sherman of Connecticut. The committee took no minutes, so there is some uncertainty about how the drafting process proceeded; contradictory accounts were written many years later by Jefferson and Adams, too many years", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "739711", "text": "History of the United States The history of the United States began with the settlement of Indigenous people before 15,000 BC. Numerous cultures formed. The arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 started the European colonization of the Americas. Most colonies formed after 1600. By the 1770s, thirteen British colonies contained 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains. After defeating France, the British government imposed a series of new taxes after 1765, rejecting the colonists' argument that new taxes needed their approval (see Stamp Act 1765). Tax resistance, especially the Boston Tea Party (1773), led to", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "id": "2844081", "text": "arriving from Europe, especially British, Irish, and Germans. Many settled in the cities, which were starting to emerge as a major factor in the economy and society. The Whigs had warned that annexation of Texas would lead to a crisis over slavery, and they were proven right by the turmoil of the 1850s that led to the Civil War. George Washington, a renowned hero of the American Revolutionary War, commander of the Continental Army, and president of the Constitutional Convention, was unanimously chosen as the first President of the United States under the new U.S. Constitution. All the leaders of", "title": "History of the United States (1789–1849)" }, { "id": "3733423", "text": "of the United States' sovereignty at the end of the American Revolutionary War. In the original 13 colonies, most laws contained elements found in the English common law system. The majority—97%-- of the Founding Fathers of the United States were of mixed British extraction. English extraction characterised 57%, Scottish were 16%, 19% were Irish or Scots-Irish, and 5% were Welsh. A minority were of high social status and can be classified as White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP). Many of the prewar WASP elite were Loyalists who left the new nation. Nevertheless, longstanding cultural and historical ties have, in more modern times,", "title": "British Americans" }, { "id": "2447872", "text": "Rochambeau, Charles Hector, comte d'Estaing, Casimir Pulaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko. Irish born, Commodore John Barry from Co Wexford Ireland, often credited as \"the Father of the American Navy,\" also played an important military role. In 1787 two Catholics, Daniel Carroll of the Irish O'Carrolls and Irish born Thomas Fitzsimons, helped draft the new United States Constitution. In 1791, the First Amendment stated, \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...\" John Carroll was appointed by the Vatican as Prefect Apostolic, making him superior of the missionary church in the thirteen states, and", "title": "Catholic Church in the United States" }, { "id": "656789", "text": "the American colonies, influenced the Founding Fathers in drafting the United States Constitution. Montesquieu was born at the Château de la Brède in southwest France, south of Bordeaux. His father, Jacques de Secondat, was a soldier with a long noble ancestry. His mother, Marie Françoise de Pesnel, who died when Charles was seven, was an heiress who brought the title of Barony of La Brède to the Secondat family. After the death of his mother he was sent to the Catholic College of Juilly, a prominent school for the children of French nobility, where he remained from 1700 to 1711.", "title": "Montesquieu" }, { "id": "1722358", "text": "consent of the governed\", as well as listing the main colonial grievances against the crown. July 4 ever since has been celebrated as the birthday of the United States. The Founding Fathers represented a cross-section of Patriot leadership. According to a study of the biographies of the 56 men who signed the Declaration of Independence: The British returned in force in August 1776, landing in New York and defeating the fledgling Continental Army at the Battle of Long Island in one of the largest engagements of the war. They quickly seized New York City and nearly captured General Washington and", "title": "History of the United States (1776–1789)" }, { "id": "1594032", "text": "Robert R. Livingston (chancellor) Robert Robert Livingston (November 27, 1746 (Old Style November 16) – February 26, 1813) was an American lawyer, politician, diplomat from New York, and a Founding Father of the United States. He was known as \"The Chancellor\", after the high New York state legal office he held for 25 years. He was a member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence, along with Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Roger Sherman. Livingston administered the Oath of Office to George Washington when he assumed the presidency in 1789. Livingston was the eldest", "title": "Robert R. Livingston (chancellor)" }, { "id": "434458", "text": "United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the Thirteen Colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York,", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "2890361", "text": "Luther Martin Luther Martin (February 20, 1748, Piscataway, New Jersey – July 8, 1826, New York, New York) was a politician and one of the United States' Founding Fathers, who left the Constitutional Convention early because he felt the Constitution violated states' rights. He was a leading Anti-Federalist, along with Patrick Henry and George Mason, whose actions helped passage of the Bill of Rights. Martin was an early advocate of American independence from Great Britain. In the fall of 1774, as a resident of Somerset County, Maryland, he served on the county's patriot committee, and in December attended a convention", "title": "Luther Martin" }, { "id": "19633047", "text": "signer had taken part in the Revolution; at least 29 had served in the Continental forces, most of them in positions of command. All but seven were native to the thirteen colonies: Pierce Butler, Thomas Fitzsimons, James McHenry, and William Paterson were born in Ireland, Robert Morris in England, James Wilson in Scotland, and Alexander Hamilton in the West Indies. When the Constitutional Convention adjourned on September 17, 1787 William Jackson was ordered to carry the Constitution to Congress in New York City. He also carried two letters with him. One was a resolution, adopted by the delegates, that the", "title": "Signing of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "2840396", "text": "of Representatives and direct taxes. Additionally, in Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3, slaves are referred to as \"persons held in service or labor\". The Founding Fathers, however, did make important efforts to contain slavery. Many Northern states had adopted legislation to end or significantly reduce slavery during and after the American Revolution. In 1782 Virginia passed a manumission law that allowed slave owners to free their slaves by will or deed. As a result, thousands of slaves were manumitted in Virginia. Thomas Jefferson, in 1784, proposed to ban slavery in all the Western Territories, which failed to pass Congress", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "id": "11410180", "text": "\"Assassin's Creed III\" and is portrayed by Mark Lindsay Chapman. Samuel Adams Samuel Adams ( – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to his fellow Founding Father, President John Adams. Adams was born in Boston, brought up in a religious and politically active family. A", "title": "Samuel Adams" }, { "id": "739712", "text": "punitive laws by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts. Armed conflict began in 1775. In 1776, the Second Continental Congress declared the independence of the colonies as the United States of America. Led by General George Washington, it won the Revolutionary War with large support from France. The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River (except Canada and Florida). The Articles of Confederation established a central government, but it was ineffectual at providing stability, as it could not collect taxes and had no executive officer. A convention in 1787 wrote a", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "id": "512588", "text": "on the $10 bill. Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the \"New York Post\" newspaper. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration. He took the lead in the Federal government's funding of the states' debts, as well as", "title": "Alexander Hamilton" }, { "id": "1722354", "text": "3,800 militia who had prepared an ambush. The Battle of Lexington and Concord ignited the American Revolutionary War. As news spread, local shadow governments (called \"committees of correspondence\") in each of the 13 colonies drove out royal officials and sent militiamen to Boston to besiege the British there. The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the aftermath of armed clashes in April. With all thirteen colonies represented, it immediately began to organize itself as a central government with control over the diplomacy and instructed the colonies to write constitutions for themselves as states. On June 1775, George Washington,", "title": "History of the United States (1776–1789)" }, { "id": "1896354", "text": "George Clymer George Clymer (March 16, 1739 – January 23, 1813) was an American politician and Founding Father of the United States. He was one of the first Patriots to advocate complete independence from Britain. As a Pennsylvania representative, Clymer was, along with five others, a signatory of both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He attended the Continental Congress, and served in political office until the end of his life. Clymer was born in Philadelphia on 16 March 1739. Orphaned when only a year old, he was apprenticed to his maternal aunt and uncle, Hannah and William", "title": "George Clymer" }, { "id": "2544284", "text": "secretly ceded most of its North American claims to Spain in the Treaty of Fontainebleau. Thirteen of the British colonies declared independence as the United States of America in 1776, ratified by the Treaty of Paris in 1783, ending the American Revolutionary War. Napoleon Bonaparte won France’s claims back from Spain in the Napoleonic Wars in 1800, but sold them to the United States in 1803 as the Louisiana Purchase. In Russia, Ivan the Terrible was crowned (1547) the first Tsar of Russia, and by annexing the Turkic Khanates in the east, transformed Russia into a regional power. The countries", "title": "History of the world" }, { "id": "13399801", "text": "Congress. About the time of the Stamp Act, interest rose in civil and political philosophy. Many of the Founding Fathers wrote extensively on political issues, including John Adams, John Dickinson, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison. In continuing with the chief concerns of the Puritans in the 17th century, the Founding Fathers debated the interrelationship between God, the state, and the individual. Resulting from this were the \"United States Declaration of Independence\", passed in 1776, and the \"United States Constitution\", ratified in 1788. The Constitution sets forth a federated republican form of government that is", "title": "American philosophy" }, { "id": "20405", "text": "London but at home, as well. The colonists associated it with luxury, and especially with inherited aristocracy, which they condemned. The Founding Fathers were strong advocates of republican values, particularly Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, George Washington, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, which required men to put civic duty ahead of their personal desires. Men had a civic duty to be prepared and willing to fight for the rights and liberties of their countrymen. John Adams wrote to Mercy Otis Warren in 1776, agreeing with some classical Greek and Roman thinkers in that", "title": "American Revolution" }, { "id": "739895", "text": "between the Trump campaign and Russian officials, led to the launch of investigations into the matter by the FBI, and the Senate and the House Intelligence Committees. History of the United States The history of the United States began with the settlement of Indigenous people before 15,000 BC. Numerous cultures formed. The arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 started the European colonization of the Americas. Most colonies formed after 1600. By the 1770s, thirteen British colonies contained 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains. After defeating France, the British government imposed a series of new", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "id": "2733965", "text": "burning down the offending tyrant's home. The government of the First and Second Continental Congress, the period from September 1774 to March 1, 1781 is referred to as the Revolutionary Congress. Beginning in 1777, the substantial powers assumed by Congress \"made the league of states as cohesive and strong as any similar sort of republican confederation in history\". The process created the United States \"by the people in collectivity, rather than by the individual states\", because only four had state constitutions at the time of the Declaration of Independence founding the nation, and three of those were provisional. Prior to", "title": "History of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "17836845", "text": "fathering, and fatherhood. Father's Day was founded in Spokane, Washington at the YMCA in 1910 by Sonora Smart Dodd, who was born in Arkansas. Its first celebration was in the Spokane YMCA on June 19, 1910. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who raised his six children there. After hearing a sermon about Jarvis' Mother's Day at Central Methodist Episcopal Church in 1909, she told her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them. Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors did not have enough time to", "title": "Father's Day (United States)" }, { "id": "1970819", "text": "from Cádiz. On November 19, 1493 he landed on the island of Puerto Rico, naming it \"San Juan Bautista\" in honor of Saint John the Baptist. The first European colony, Caparra, was founded on August 8, 1508 by Juan Ponce de León, a lieutenant under Columbus, who was greeted by the Taíno Cacique Agüeybaná and who later became the first governor of the island. Ponce de Leon was actively involved in the Higuey massacre of 1503 in Puerto Rico. In 1508, Sir Ponce de Leon was chosen by the Spanish Crown to lead the conquest and slavery of the Taíno", "title": "Colonial history of the United States" }, { "id": "512440", "text": "Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the \"New York Post\" newspaper. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration. He took the lead in the Federal government's funding of the states' debts, as well as establishing a national bank,", "title": "Alexander Hamilton" }, { "id": "2336965", "text": "Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C., dedicated to Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence, member of the Continental Congress, governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia, American minister to King Louis XVI, and the Kingdom of France, first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington, the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams, and also the third President (1801–1809), as well as being the founder of the", "title": "Jefferson Memorial" }, { "id": "11410095", "text": "Samuel Adams Samuel Adams ( – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to his fellow Founding Father, President John Adams. Adams was born in Boston, brought up in a religious and politically active family. A graduate of Harvard College, he was an unsuccessful businessman and", "title": "Samuel Adams" }, { "id": "20810161", "text": "family's extensive estates. He married twice, fathering many children. His eldest son Henry Darnall III (c1702-c1783) inherited the bulk of what remained of his estates, and one of his grandchildren, Daniel Carroll, would become one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A small portion of Darnall's former property, now called Darnall's Chance, can still be visited today. Henry Darnall II was born in 1682 in Maryland, the son of the wealthy Roman Catholic planter and politician Henry Darnall (1645 – 17 June 1711) and his wife Eleanor Hatton Brooke (1642–1725). During the Protestant Revolution of 1689 Darnall was", "title": "Henry Darnall II" }, { "id": "151317", "text": "and Benjamin Franklin appeared on the nation's first postage stamps in 1847. Since that time, Washington has appeared on many postage issues, more than any other person. Print sources <br>Primary sources <br>Online sources George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732 – , 1799) was one of the Founding Fathers and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). He commanded Patriot forces in the new nation's American Revolutionary War and led them to victory over the British. Washington also presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the new federal government. For his leadership he has been called the", "title": "George Washington" }, { "id": "12759702", "text": "England and their descendants often held positions of power and made and enforced laws, often because many had been involved in government back in England. In the original 13 colonies, most laws contained elements found in the English common law system. The majority—57%-- of the Founding Fathers of the United States were of English extraction. Scottish extraction characterized 16%, 19% were Irish or Scots-Irish, and 5% were Welsh. A minority were of high social status and can be classified as White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP). Many of the prewar WASP elite were Loyalists who left the new nation. While WASPs (White", "title": "English Americans" }, { "id": "6683513", "text": "of July is celebrated annually as Independence Day. The Second Continental Congress declared on September 9 \"where, heretofore, the words 'United Colonies' have been used, the stile be altered for the future to the 'United States' \". In 1777, the Articles of Confederation established a weak government that operated until 1789. Britain recognized the independence of the United States following their defeat at Yorktown in 1781. In the peace treaty of 1783, American sovereignty was recognized from the Atlantic coast west to the Mississippi River. Nationalists led the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in writing the United States Constitution, ratified in", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "3217407", "text": "designated by a historical marker. His death left John Marshall and James Madison as the only surviving Founding Fathers of the United States. Egbert's oldest brother was Clerk of the New York State Senate Robert Benson (1739–1823). In a small letter belonging to the Arthur D. Benson manuscript collection (found at the Queens Central Library Archives), Benson's great-grandnephew, Hevlyn Dirck Benson, noted that Egbert was the \"last important tenant\" who resided at the Richmond Hill House, in which the site is now occupied by the Butterick Building. According to manuscripts and notes found in the Arthur D. Benson manuscript collection", "title": "Egbert Benson" }, { "id": "15333848", "text": "met in the autumn of 1774, the true antecedent of the United S die ss was convened on May 10, 1775 with twelve colonies in attendance. A year later, on July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress declared the thirteen colonies free and independent states, referring to them as the \"United States of America.\" The Second Continental Congress was the national government until March 1, 1781, supervised the war and diplomacy, and adopted the Articles of Confederation before the States ratified it in 1781. One common term for patriot was \"Congress Man\"—a supporter of Congress against the King. The Congress of", "title": "History of the United States Congress" }, { "id": "1896471", "text": "John Witherspoon John Knox Witherspoon (February 5, 1723 – November 15, 1794) was a Scottish-American Presbyterian minister and a Founding Father of the United States. Witherspoon embraced the concepts of Scottish common sense realism, and while president of the College of New Jersey (1768–1794; now Princeton University), became an influential figure in the development of the United States' national character. Politically active, Witherspoon was a delegate from New Jersey to the Second Continental Congress and a signatory to the July 4, 1776, Declaration of Independence. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration.", "title": "John Witherspoon" }, { "id": "431119", "text": "Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain) – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary. One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, he authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution and inspired the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Britain. His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era ideals of transnational human rights. Saul K. Padover described him as \"a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination\". Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies", "title": "Thomas Paine" }, { "id": "46966", "text": "the first woman to join the American Philosophical Society; she was the only woman so honored for another 80 years. Later, Dashkova reciprocated by making him the first American member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As a founding father of the United States, Franklin's name has been attached to many things. Among these are: Biographies For young readers Scholarly studies Historiography Primary sources Biographical and guides Online writings Autobiography In the arts Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading author,", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "11283359", "text": "Schuyler Hamilton Schuyler Hamilton (July 22, 1822 – March 18, 1903) was an American soldier, farmer, engineer, and a grandson of Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton was born on July 22, 1822 in New York City. He was the fifth of fourteen children born to John Church Hamilton (1792–1882) and Maria Eliza van den Heuvel. His paternal grandparents were Alexander Hamilton (1755/7–1804), a Founding Father of the United States, and Elizabeth Schuyler (1757–1854). His maternal grandfather was Baron John Cornelius van den Heuvel, the one-time governor of Dutch Guiana. Through his sister, Elizabeth Hamilton (1831–1884), he was the brother-in-law of Gen. Henry", "title": "Schuyler Hamilton" }, { "id": "8506988", "text": "Virginia, and were among the most wealthy and prosperous people in the state. Benjamin Harrison VI's father was Benjamin Harrison V, a wealthy planter and slave owner, who would later become one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. His mother, Elizabeth Basset (13 December 1730 – 1792), was a descendant of Captain William Bassett II, who was an officer in the King's Army, during the English Civil War. When Harrison VI became a young adult, his father lost a considerable amount of property, supposedly due to his lack of mercantile skills, and sent his son away", "title": "Benjamin Harrison VI" }, { "id": "2890192", "text": "Daniel Carroll Daniel Carroll (July 22, 1730May 7, 1796) was an American politician and plantation owner from Maryland, considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He supported the American Revolution, served in the Confederation Congress, was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 which wrote the Constitution, and was a U.S. Representative in the First Congress. Daniel Carroll was one of five men to sign both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. He was one of the very few Roman Catholics among the Founders. Carroll was born in Upper Marlboro, Maryland, county seat of Prince", "title": "Daniel Carroll" }, { "id": "12429779", "text": "John Church Hamilton John Church Hamilton (August 22, 1792 − July 25, 1882) was a historian, biographer, and lawyer. He was a son of Alexander Hamilton, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Hamilton was born on August 22, 1792, in Philadelphia. He was the fourth son, and the fifth of eight children, born to Alexander Hamilton and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton. His maternal grandparents were Philip Schuyler, a Revolutionary War hero and United States senator from New York, and Catherine Van Rensselaer. He was eleven years old when his father was killed in a duel with Vice President", "title": "John Church Hamilton" }, { "id": "3109459", "text": "the Scottsboro Nine. After his attorneys secured release through an appeal on June 25, 1932, he declared that the foundational documents of the United States of America, such as the Constitution and Declaration of Independence, were inspired. Father Divine also taught that contemporary leaders strayed from these ideals, but he would become increasingly patriotic through his life. Father Divine moved to Harlem, New York, where he had accumulated significant following in the black community. Members, rather than Father Divine himself, held most deeds for the movement, but they contributed toward Father Divine's comfortable lifestyle. Purchasing several hotels, which they called", "title": "Father Divine" }, { "id": "739757", "text": "On July 4, 1776 they adopted the Declaration of Independence and this date is celebrated as the nation's birthday. Historian George Billias says: On September 9, 1776, Congress officially changed the nation's name to the United States of America. Until this point, the nation was known as the \"United Colonies of America\" The new nation was founded on Enlightenment ideals of liberalism in what Thomas Jefferson called the unalienable rights to \"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness\", and dedicated strongly to republican principles. Republicanism emphasized the people are sovereign (not hereditary kings), demanded civic duty, feared corruption, and rejected", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "id": "9847580", "text": "City (codename: Culper Jr), were written in what Washington termed \"white ink\"; the second liquid was used to make the secret writing visible. James Jay Sir James Jay (1732–1815) was an American physician and politician. He was brother of John Jay, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. While initially a supporter of American independence, he later changed his views becoming a Loyalist and went into exile in London after the Treaty of Paris recognised independence. The Jays were a prominent merchant family in New York City, descended from Huguenots who had come to New York to escape", "title": "James Jay" }, { "id": "6683525", "text": "The United States purchased the U.S. Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917. Rapid economic development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries fostered the rise of many prominent industrialists. Tycoons like Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie led the nation's progress in railroad, petroleum, and steel industries. Banking became a major part of the economy, with J. P. Morgan playing a notable role. Edison and Tesla undertook the widespread distribution of electricity to industry, homes, and for street lighting. Henry Ford revolutionized the automotive industry. The American economy boomed, becoming the world's largest, and the United States", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "1900104", "text": "and William Nelson Page. The circa 1730 Nelson House built by \"Scotch Tom\" Nelson in Yorktown, Virginia, and occupied by Thomas Nelson Jr. during the Revolutionary War is a National Historical Landmark maintained by the Colonial National Historical Park of the U.S. National Park Service. Archival Records Thomas Nelson Jr. Thomas Nelson Jr. (December 26, 1738 – January 4, 1789) was an American planter, soldier, and statesman from Yorktown, Virginia. He represented Virginia in the Continental Congress and was its Governor in 1781. He is regarded as one of the U.S. Founding Fathers. He signed Declaration of Independence as a", "title": "Thomas Nelson Jr." }, { "id": "2733961", "text": "a framework for how politics would be carried out. It was the Articles of Confederation that provided the necessary structure to the new nation during and after the American Revolution. The Declaration, however, did set forth the ideas of natural rights and the social contract that would help form the foundation of constitutional government. The era of the Declaration of Independence is sometimes called the \"Continental Congress\" period. John Adams famously estimated as many as one-third of those resident in the original thirteen colonies were patriots. Scholars such as Gordon Wood describe how Americans were caught up in the Revolutionary", "title": "History of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "75113", "text": "had been reformed, held overwhelmingly Reformed views. They are often cited among the primary founders of the United States of America. Dutch Calvinist settlers were also the first European colonizers of South Africa, beginning in the 17th century, who became known as Boers or Afrikaners. Sierra Leone was largely colonized by Calvinist settlers from Nova Scotia, who were largely Black Loyalists, blacks who had fought for the British during the American War of Independence. John Marrant had organized a congregation there under the auspices of the Huntingdon Connection. Some of the largest Calvinist communions were started by 19th- and 20th-century", "title": "Calvinism" }, { "id": "1779614", "text": "the most prominent among the Founding Fathers, had been U.S. Presidents; his maternal grandfather, Peter Chardon Brooks, was a millionaire; and another great-grandfather, Nathaniel Gorham, signed the Constitution. After his graduation from Harvard University in 1858, he embarked on a grand tour of Europe, during which he also attended lectures in civil law at the University of Berlin. He was initiated into the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity as honorary member at the 1893 Columbian Exposition by Harris J. Ryan, a judge for the exhibit on electrical engineering. Through that organization, he was a member of the Irving Literary Society. Adams", "title": "Henry Adams" }, { "id": "2825103", "text": "called the estimated crowd of 8,000–10,000 the largest-ever US gathering of atheists in one place. In the United States, Enlightenment philosophy (which itself was heavily inspired by deist ideals) played a major role in creating the principle of religious freedom, expressed in Thomas Jefferson's letters and included in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. American Founding Fathers, or Framers of the Constitution, who were especially noted for being influenced by such philosophy of deism include Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Cornelius Harnett, Gouverneur Morris, and Hugh Williamson. Their political speeches show distinct deistic influence. Other notable Founding Fathers may", "title": "Religion in the United States" }, { "id": "431194", "text": "memorial has not yet been built. The University of East Anglia's Norwich Business School is housed in the Thomas Paine Study Centre on its Norwich campus in Paine's home county of Norfolk. The Cookes House is reputed to have been his home during the Second Continental Congress at York, Pennsylvania. Works Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain) – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary. One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, he authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution and inspired the patriots", "title": "Thomas Paine" }, { "id": "739713", "text": "new Constitution that was adopted in 1789. In 1791, a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights. With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief adviser, a strong central government was created. Purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 doubled the size of the United States. A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812, which solidified national pride. Encouraged by the notion of manifest destiny, U.S. territory expanded all the way to the Pacific coast. While the United States was large in terms of area, its population in 1790 was", "title": "History of the United States" } ]

[ "Miko John Hughes" ]

[ { "id": "20554843", "text": "cast as Creed daughter Ellie, and that twins Hugo and Lucas Lavoie had been cast as Creed son Gage. On October 8, 2018, it was reported that Obssa Ahmed had been cast as college student Victor Pascow. Principal photography commenced on June 18, 2018 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Filming had wrapped by October 2018. The film was originally slated to be released on April 19, 2019, but was later brought forward to April 5, 2019. On October 10, 2018, the film's first trailer was released and it was followed by a 3D photo posted November 1, 2018 through Facebook's 3D", "title": "Pet Sematary (2019 film)" }, { "id": "2833737", "text": "both di Bonaventura and the studio were in talks with Juan Carlos Fresnadillo in talks to direct the remake. In October 2017, Paramount announced that Dennis Widmyer and Kevin Kolsch, the team that wrote and directed the 2014 thriller \"Starry Eyes,\" would helm the new adaptation. A readaptation of the novel is set for release on April 5, 2019. The film stars Jason Clarke as Louis Creed, Amy Seimetz as Rachel Creed, John Lithgow as Jud Crandall, Jeté Laurence as Ellie Creed, and twins Hugo and Lucas Lavoie as Gage Creed. On October 10, 2018, the film's first trailer was", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "4973567", "text": "Miko Hughes Miko John Hughes (born February 22, 1986) is an American actor known for his film roles; as a child, as Gage Creed in \"Pet Sematary\" (1989), as astronaut Jim Lovell's son Jeffrey in \"Apollo 13\" (1995), as a child on the autism spectrum named Simon opposite Bruce Willis in \"Mercury Rising\" (1998), and as Dylan (Heather Langenkamp's son) in \"Wes Craven's New Nightmare\" (1994),he also starred in Unspeakable Acts, as well as his recurring role as Aaron on \"Full House\" from 1990 to 1995. Hughes was born in Apple Valley, California the son of Mary (née Phelps) and", "title": "Miko Hughes" }, { "id": "4973571", "text": "Hughes directed the segment \"See\" in the horror anthology film \"\". Miko Hughes Miko John Hughes (born February 22, 1986) is an American actor known for his film roles; as a child, as Gage Creed in \"Pet Sematary\" (1989), as astronaut Jim Lovell's son Jeffrey in \"Apollo 13\" (1995), as a child on the autism spectrum named Simon opposite Bruce Willis in \"Mercury Rising\" (1998), and as Dylan (Heather Langenkamp's son) in \"Wes Craven's New Nightmare\" (1994),he also starred in Unspeakable Acts, as well as his recurring role as Aaron on \"Full House\" from 1990 to 1995. Hughes was born", "title": "Miko Hughes" }, { "id": "2833723", "text": "Pet Sematary Pet Sematary is a 1983 horror novel by American writer Stephen King, nominated for a World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 1986, and adapted into a 1989 film of the same name. In November 2013, PS Publishing released \"Pet Sematary\" in a limited 30th Anniversary Edition. Louis Creed, a doctor from Chicago, is appointed director of the University of Maine's campus health service. He moves to a large house near the small town of Ludlow with his wife Rachel, their two young children, Ellie and Gage, and Ellie's cat, Church. From the moment they arrive, the family", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "20554840", "text": "Pet Sematary (2019 film) Pet Sematary is an upcoming American supernatural horror film directed by Kevin Kölsch and Dennis Widmyer and written by Jeff Buhler. It is the second adaptation of the novel of the same name by Stephen King, after the 1989 film. The film stars Jason Clarke, Amy Seimetz, and John Lithgow. It is set to be released on April 5, 2019. \"Pet Sematary\" follows \"a doctor who moves his family out of the big city to the country. There he discovers that they have moved near a pet cemetery that rests on an ancient burial ground, and", "title": "Pet Sematary (2019 film)" }, { "id": "7739404", "text": "Pet Sematary (1989 film) Pet Sematary (sometimes referred to as Stephen King's Pet Sematary) is a 1989 American horror film adaptation of Stephen King's 1983 novel of the same name. Directed by Mary Lambert and written by King, the film features Dale Midkiff as Louis Creed, Denise Crosby as Rachel Creed, Blaze Berdahl as Ellie Creed, Miko Hughes as Gage Creed, and Fred Gwynne as Jud Crandall. Andrew Hubatsek was cast for Zelda's role. King, who scripted from his own book, also has a cameo as a minister. A sequel, \"Pet Sematary Two\", was met with less financial and critical", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "7739424", "text": "on April 5th 2019. Pet Sematary (1989 film) Pet Sematary (sometimes referred to as Stephen King's Pet Sematary) is a 1989 American horror film adaptation of Stephen King's 1983 novel of the same name. Directed by Mary Lambert and written by King, the film features Dale Midkiff as Louis Creed, Denise Crosby as Rachel Creed, Blaze Berdahl as Ellie Creed, Miko Hughes as Gage Creed, and Fred Gwynne as Jud Crandall. Andrew Hubatsek was cast for Zelda's role. King, who scripted from his own book, also has a cameo as a minister. A sequel, \"Pet Sematary Two\", was met with", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "20554844", "text": "photo function. Pet Sematary (2019 film) Pet Sematary is an upcoming American supernatural horror film directed by Kevin Kölsch and Dennis Widmyer and written by Jeff Buhler. It is the second adaptation of the novel of the same name by Stephen King, after the 1989 film. The film stars Jason Clarke, Amy Seimetz, and John Lithgow. It is set to be released on April 5, 2019. \"Pet Sematary\" follows \"a doctor who moves his family out of the big city to the country. There he discovers that they have moved near a pet cemetery that rests on an ancient burial", "title": "Pet Sematary (2019 film)" }, { "id": "7739414", "text": "the site of the Micmac ground itself. Other locations included a forest near Ellsworth for the pet sematary, the hospital of the University of Maine at Orono, and Mount Hope Cemetery in Bangor for the graveyard scenes. Initially, Paramount executives wanted a pair of twins to play the role of Gage, like those chosen to play Ellie, which was the more cost-effective option. However, Lambert was very impressed with three-year old Miko Hughes, whom she felt was a natural talent despite his young age, so she lobbied the studio to accept her choice. She also cast Andrew Hubatsek in the", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "2833739", "text": "revealed it was a love song dedicated to the Pet Sematary character Zelda. Pet Sematary Pet Sematary is a 1983 horror novel by American writer Stephen King, nominated for a World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 1986, and adapted into a 1989 film of the same name. In November 2013, PS Publishing released \"Pet Sematary\" in a limited 30th Anniversary Edition. Louis Creed, a doctor from Chicago, is appointed director of the University of Maine's campus health service. He moves to a large house near the small town of Ludlow with his wife Rachel, their two young children, Ellie", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "20554842", "text": "greenlit the film which was expected to be directed by Dennis Widmyer and Kevin Kolsch from a screenplay by Jeff Buhler and David Kajganich. Producers were slated to include Di Bonaventura, Schneider, and Mark Vahradian. On April 16, 2018, it was announced that Jason Clarke had been cast in the lead role of Louis Creed. On May 4, 2018, it was reported John Lithgow had joined the cast in the role of Jud Crandall. In June 2018, it was announced that Amy Seimetz had been cast in the film's lead female role as Rachel Creed, that Jeté Laurence had been", "title": "Pet Sematary (2019 film)" }, { "id": "7726342", "text": "Blaze Berdahl Blaze Autumn Berdahl (born September 6, 1980) is an American actress, singer, rapper, voice-over actor, announcer, and narrator. She is perhaps best known for her roles as Lenni Frazier in the children's television series \"Ghostwriter\" and Ellie Creed in the film \"Pet Sematary\" (1989). Berdahl was born in New York City, the youngest daughter of Rita, a teacher, and Roger Berdahl, an actor. She was born just one minute after her twin sister, Beau Dakota Berdahl, a talent agent. She also has an older brother, Sky Ashley Berdahl, a periodontist. Berdahl was a student at Bucknell University in", "title": "Blaze Berdahl" }, { "id": "20554841", "text": "when his toddler son is killed in an auto accident, he takes the boy's body to the cemetery, where it is resurrected in demonic form.\" On March 5, 2010, it was announced that Paramount Pictures was developing a new adaptation of Stephen King's novel \"Pet Sematary\" and that Matt Greenberg had been hired to write the screenplay. On October 31, 2013, it was reported that Lorenzo di Bonaventura and Steven Schneider would serve as producers for the production and that Juan Carlos Fresnadillo was in talks to direct. On October 30, 2017, it was announced that Paramount Pictures had officially", "title": "Pet Sematary (2019 film)" }, { "id": "2833730", "text": "Two-year-old Gage is run over by a speeding truck in a horrible accident several months later. Overcome with despair, Louis considers bringing his son back to life with the help of the burial ground. Jud, guessing what Louis is planning, attempts to dissuade him by telling him the gruesome story of the last person who was resurrected by the burial ground, Timmy Baterman. Baterman died while coming home from World War II. His father Bill buried Timmy in that cemetery. Timmy came back as a malevolent zombie, terrorizing the townsfolk, before the men of the town realized that they must", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "2833735", "text": "and I don’t really believe that.” King has gone on record stating that of all the novels he has written, Pet Sematary is the one which genuinely scared him the most. \"Pet Sematary\" was made into a film in the autumn of 1988 and released on April 1989. It is directed by Mary Lambert, starring Dale Midkiff as Louis, Fred Gwynne as Jud, Denise Crosby as Rachel and Miko Hughes as Gage. A man, Andrew Hubatsek, was chosen for Zelda's role because the filmmakers could not find a woman bony enough to portray the terminally ill girl. A sequel, \"Pet", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "2833724", "text": "runs into trouble: Ellie hurts her knee after falling off a swing, and Gage is stung by a bee. Their new neighbor, an elderly man named Jud Crandall, comes to help. He warns Louis and Rachel about the highway that runs past their house; it is constantly used by speeding trucks. Jud and Louis quickly become close friends. Since Louis' father died when he was three, he sees Jud as a surrogate father. A few weeks after the Creeds move in, Jud puts the friendship on the line when he takes the family on a walk in the woods behind", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "7739423", "text": "behind the 2017 adaptation of Stephen King's \"It\", Andrés and Barbara Muschietti, told the \"Toronto Sun\" that they hoped to adapt \"Pet Sematary\" after the sequel of \"It\". After years of rumored reboots of \"Pet Sematary\", Paramount Pictures announced in December 2017 that it was remaking the film with Jeff Buhler penning the script and Kevin Kolsch and Dennis Widmyer set to direct. The new movie stars Jason Clarke and Amy Seimetz as Louis and Rachel Creed, with John Lithgow appearing as Jud Crandall. The movie began filming in Montreal, Canada in June 2018 and is set to be released", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "7726344", "text": "Mountain House in Boiceville, New York. Blaze Berdahl Blaze Autumn Berdahl (born September 6, 1980) is an American actress, singer, rapper, voice-over actor, announcer, and narrator. She is perhaps best known for her roles as Lenni Frazier in the children's television series \"Ghostwriter\" and Ellie Creed in the film \"Pet Sematary\" (1989). Berdahl was born in New York City, the youngest daughter of Rita, a teacher, and Roger Berdahl, an actor. She was born just one minute after her twin sister, Beau Dakota Berdahl, a talent agent. She also has an older brother, Sky Ashley Berdahl, a periodontist. Berdahl was", "title": "Blaze Berdahl" }, { "id": "7739405", "text": "success. An upcoming second film adaptation of the same name is scheduled for release in 2019. The Creed family—Louis, Rachel, and their children Ellie and Gage—move from Chicago to rural Ludlow, Maine, after Louis is offered a job as a doctor with the University of Maine. They befriend their elderly neighbor Jud Crandall, who takes them to an isolated pet cemetery (misspelled \"sematary\") in the forest behind the Creeds' new home. On his first day at work, Louis meets Victor Pascow, a jogger who is brought in with severe injuries from a car accident. He warns Louis about the pet", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "6313822", "text": "Pet Sematary Two Pet Sematary Two is a 1992 American horror film directed by Mary Lambert. The screenplay was written by Richard Outten. It is the sequel to the 1989 film \"Pet Sematary\". The film stars Edward Furlong, Anthony Edwards, and Clancy Brown. Following the accidental death of his mother, 13-year-old Jeff Matthews and his veterinarian father, Chase, move to Ludlow, Maine. Ludlow had been his mother's hometown. He's introduced to the belligerent town sheriff, Gus Gilbert, and his stepson, Drew, whom Gus abuses relentlessly. Jeff also draws the ire of local bully Clyde Parker, who tells him about the", "title": "Pet Sematary Two" }, { "id": "5942080", "text": "Dale Midkiff Dale Alan Midkiff (born July 1, 1959) is an American actor, best known for playing Louis Creed in the horror film \"Pet Sematary\" and Captain Darien Lambert in the TV series \"Time Trax\". Midkiff acted in off-Broadway plays like Mark Medoff's \"The Wager\". His first movie role was in Roger Corman's \"Streetwalkin'\" playing a pimp named Duke. Dale's acting was called \"grittily impressive\" in what some consider a B-movie classic. He has said in interviews that while his family never quite understood his interest in acting, they never discouraged him: \"I love them for allowing a kid to", "title": "Dale Midkiff" }, { "id": "7739422", "text": "revealed it was a love song dedicated to the \"Pet Sematary\" character Zelda. A documentary, \"Unearthed & Untold: The Path to Pet Sematary\", premiered in September 2014, and was released in January 2017. \"Pet Sematary\" was ranked #16 on IFC's list of the best Stephen King film and television adaptations, and also placed at 16 on \"Rolling Stone\"s Top 30 King adaptations. There has been intermittent buzz about a possible adaptation of \"Pet Sematary\", but as of 2017 none has been commissioned. Juan Carlos Fresnadillo was announced as directing the adaptation in October 2013. In August 2017, the brother-sister team", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "6313829", "text": "return and direct. She has stated that her original concept for the film would have involved Ellie Creed as the central character, the only survivor from the first film. However, Paramount was not confident in making the film's lead a teenage girl, so the story was written with completely new characters and a male protagonist. Thirteen-year-old Furlong was cast in the lead role, capitalizing on his rise to fame in the previous year's blockbuster \"\". Shooting took place in Coweta County, Georgia. Stephen King, who wrote the novel the first film was based on, had his name removed from the", "title": "Pet Sematary Two" }, { "id": "2833738", "text": "released. In 1997 BBC Radio 4 broadcast a dramatization of the story in six half-hour episodes, later re-edited into three hour-long episodes. It was adapted by Gregory Evans and starred John Sharian as Louis Creed, Briony Glassco as Rachel Creed and Lee Montague as Jud Crandall. The production was directed by Gordon House. In 2002, New York horrorcore rapper Cage wrote the song \"Ballad of Worms\" which was featured on the album \"Eastern Conference All Stars III\" for the independent hip-hop label Eastern Conference Records. Once thought to be about his relationship and struggle with the hip-hop community, he later", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "7739444", "text": "video featuring Dee Dee Ramone, which would depart the band and be replaced with C. J. Ramone. The video features cameos by Debbie Harry and Chris Stein of Blondie, and members of The Dead Boys. Reception for the song was not entirely positive, as it was nominated for the now-defunct Razzie Award for Worst Original Song in 1989. Pet Sematary (song) \"Pet Sematary\" is a single by American punk rock band Ramones from their 1989 album \"Brain Drain\". The song, originally written for the Stephen King movie adaptation of the same name, became one of the Ramones' biggest radio hits", "title": "Pet Sematary (song)" }, { "id": "6313832", "text": "a sequel. Patrick Naugle of DVD Verdict wrote, \"Everything about \"Pet Sematary Two\" stinks like the dead.\" Pet Sematary Two Pet Sematary Two is a 1992 American horror film directed by Mary Lambert. The screenplay was written by Richard Outten. It is the sequel to the 1989 film \"Pet Sematary\". The film stars Edward Furlong, Anthony Edwards, and Clancy Brown. Following the accidental death of his mother, 13-year-old Jeff Matthews and his veterinarian father, Chase, move to Ludlow, Maine. Ludlow had been his mother's hometown. He's introduced to the belligerent town sheriff, Gus Gilbert, and his stepson, Drew, whom Gus", "title": "Pet Sematary Two" }, { "id": "2833733", "text": "Maine at Orono, to teach for a year as a gesture of gratitude for the education he had received there. During this time his family rented a house on a busy road in Orrington. The road claimed the lives of a number of pets, and the neighborhood children had created a pet cemetery in a field near the Kings' home. King's daughter Naomi buried her cat \"Smucky\" there after it was hit, and shortly thereafter their son Owen had a close call running toward the road. King wrote the novel based on their experiences, but feeling he had gone too", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "7739409", "text": "Bill to perish with his son. Jud insists that the burial ground is evil and Louis must never try to bury his son there. After the funeral, Rachel and Ellie leave for Chicago while Louis remains home. Despite Pascow and Jud's warnings, Louis exhumes his son's body and buries him at the ritual site. In Chicago, Pascow appears to Ellie in a dream and warns her that Louis is about to do something terrible. Rachel is unnerved by her daughter's dream, but is only able to reach Jud when she calls, who tells her Louis is not home. She decides", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "1935433", "text": "Tim Conway Thomas Daniel \"Tim\" Conway (born December 15, 1933) is an American actor, writer, director, and comedian. He portrayed the inept Ensign Parker in the 1960s World War II situation comedy \"McHale's Navy\", co-starred on the 1970s variety and sketch comedy program \"The Carol Burnett Show\", starred as the title character in the \"Dorf\" series of comedy films, and provided the voice of Barnacle Boy in the animated series \"SpongeBob SquarePants\". Conway was born in Willoughby, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, and grew up in nearby Chagrin Falls. He is Irish on his father's side and Romanian on his", "title": "Tim Conway" }, { "id": "2833732", "text": "son and sends him back to the grave with a lethal injection of chemicals from his medical supply stock. After burning the Crandall house down, he returns to the burial ground with his wife's corpse, thinking that if he buries the body faster than he did Gage's there will be a different result. The book ends with Louis sitting with his back to the door playing solitaire, listening to Rachel's reanimated corpse walk up behind him to drop a cold hand on his shoulder while her voice rasps, \"Darling.\" In 1978, King returned to his alma mater, the University of", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "6852090", "text": "Jared Rushton Jared Michael Rushton (born March 3, 1974) is an American musician and former actor. He is best known for his roles in several films from the late 1980s, including \"Honey, I Shrunk the Kids\", \"Big\", and \"Overboard\". He has been nominated for a total of two Saturn Awards and two Young Artist Awards. He is also known for his roles in \"Pet Sematary Two\" and as Chip on the comedy sitcom \"Roseanne\". Rushton currently plays guitar in the rock band Deal by Dusk. Rushton was born in Provo, Utah. His first acting job was as a rocker in", "title": "Jared Rushton" }, { "id": "7739408", "text": "same highway. The family is devastated, and Jud anticipates that Louis is considering burying his son in the Micmac ground, although Louis denies it. Jud believes that introducing Louis to the ritual ground aroused the malevolent forces present there, which caused Gage's death. He tells him the story of a local named Bill Baterman who buried his son Timmy in the Micmac ground after he was killed in World War II. Timmy returned as a malevolent zombie, terrifying the townsfolk. A group of men including Jud tried destroying Timmy by lighting the Baterman house on fire, only for the deranged", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "7726343", "text": "Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Berdahl made her film debut in the 1989 Stephen King adaptation \"Pet Sematary.\" She did voice-over work for \"Richard Scarry's Best ABC Video Ever!\" in 1989. From 1992 to 1995 she played Lenni Frazier on the PBS children's show \"Ghostwriter.\" She also appeared on the TV series \"Are You Afraid of the Dark?,\" \"Aliens in the Family,\" and \"Third Watch.\" As an adult, Berdahl is primarily a voice-over actor, announcer, and narrator. On July 15, 2007, Berdahl married Stephen M. Tvardek of Hoboken, New Jersey. Tvardek is an S&P futures trader. The ceremony was held at the Onteora", "title": "Blaze Berdahl" }, { "id": "7739410", "text": "to return to Maine, much to Jud's alarm. That night, Gage returns home and steals a scalpel from his father's bag. He taunts Jud before slashing his Achilles tendon and throat, killing him. Rachel returns home and is lured into Jud's house by the voice and specter of her dead sister Zelda, only to discover that she is actually seeing Gage, holding a scalpel. In shock and disbelief, Rachel reaches down to hug her son and he kills her. Waking up from his sleep, Louis notices Gage's muddy footprints in the house and discovers that his scalpel is missing. Receiving", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "7739411", "text": "a phone call from Gage that he has \"played\" with Jud and Mommy, he fills three syringes with morphine and heads to Jud's house. Encountering Church, he kills the cat with an injection before entering the house. Gage taunts him further and Louis is startled by Rachel's corpse falling hanged from the attic before he is attacked by his son. After a brief battle, Louis kills Gage with the morphine injection. He then lights the house on fire, leaving it to burn as he carries Rachel's body from the fire. Pascow appears and warns Louis not to \"make it worse\"", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "7739415", "text": "role of Zelda, because she felt having a grown man playing the role of a teenage girl deformed by spinal meningitis made the character more frightening. \"Pet Sematary\" was director Mary Lambert's second feature film. She was better known for her work directing music videos, especially those for Madonna including \"Like a Prayer\" and \"Material Girl\". Through her work in the music industry Lambert was friends with the Ramones, who were one of Stephen King's favorite bands. She approached them about recording a song for the film and they agreed to write and perform \"Pet Sematary\", which is featured in", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "7739407", "text": "they reach an abandoned Micmac burial ground. Without explanation Jud instructs Louis to bury the cat and warns him not to tell anyone else about what they have done. The next day Church comes back to life, though a shell of what he was before; he stinks, moves sluggishly, and is vicious towards Louis. Jud explains that he himself revived his beloved pet dog in the Micmac ground as a boy, and that although the cat might be different, it will save Ellie the grief of losing her favorite pet. Sometime later, Gage is killed by a truck along the", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "7739417", "text": "the Ramones' biggest charting hits, reaching number four on \"Billboard\"s \"Modern Rock Tracks\" list, despite being, in the words of AMG, \"reviled by most of the band's hardcore fans\". The \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that the film \"defied the critics and opened at blockbuster levels\". The film grossed $57 million in North America. Released in 1989 by Paramount Home Video, \"Pet Sematary\" was a best-selling video. Paramount released it on DVD in 2006 and on Blu-ray in 2012. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 50% of 28 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review, and the average rating", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "6313825", "text": "moves stiffly and rarely speaks, but treats Drew better. Over time, Gus becomes increasingly crude and sadistic, sexually assaulting Drew's mother and brutally skinning the pet rabbits for supper. Zowie breaks out of the veterinary clinic and kills three cats before entering Chase's home and attacking him. A day later, Jeff encounters Clyde, who is about to sever Jeff's nose using the wheel spokes of his own bicycle when Gus shows up. He sends Jeff home, then murders Clyde as Drew looks on. Gus then pursues Drew to their house, where the boy is trapped with the savage Zowie. He", "title": "Pet Sematary Two" }, { "id": "7831630", "text": "Cameron Finley Joseph Cameron Finley (born August 30, 1987) is an American former child actor. While receiving accolades for his work in \"Hope Floats\", \"Baywatch\", \"One True Love\", and \"Perfect Game\", he is most known for his role as Theodore 'Beaver' Cleaver in the 1997 film \"Leave It to Beaver\" based upon the television series by the same name. Finley was born in Garland, Texas, the son of Lexa Iann (née Aulgur), a spiritual healer, and Charles David \"Chuck\" Finley, a software developer. He has two siblings, Taz and Stopher. When he was three, he was taken by his parents", "title": "Cameron Finley" }, { "id": "6313824", "text": "turns out that Zowie's cells have completely deteriorated and are no different from those of a dead canine. Jeff and Drew go to the pet cemetery on Halloween for a night of horror stories with local boys. When Gus finds out that Drew's mother allowed him to go despite being grounded, he rushes to the cemetery and breaks up the party. He attacks his stepson, but just as he is about to hit him with a grave marker, Zowie appears. The dog fatally mauls Gus, whom the boys subsequently bury at the Indian cemetery. Gus returns to life; he now", "title": "Pet Sematary Two" }, { "id": "5942082", "text": "in \"The Magnificent Seven\". He is also well known for having played the lead role of Louis Creed in the 1989 film version of Stephen King's \"Pet Sematary\". Dale Midkiff Dale Alan Midkiff (born July 1, 1959) is an American actor, best known for playing Louis Creed in the horror film \"Pet Sematary\" and Captain Darien Lambert in the TV series \"Time Trax\". Midkiff acted in off-Broadway plays like Mark Medoff's \"The Wager\". His first movie role was in Roger Corman's \"Streetwalkin'\" playing a pimp named Duke. Dale's acting was called \"grittily impressive\" in what some consider a B-movie classic.", "title": "Dale Midkiff" }, { "id": "20425209", "text": "Asher Angel Asher Angel (born September 6, 2002) is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor in the 2008 film \"Jolene\", starring Jessica Chastain. He is known for his role as Jonah Beck in the 2017 Disney Channel series \"Andi Mack\". Angel was born in Arizona, and lived in Paradise Valley. His parents are Jody and Coco Angel, and he is the oldest of three, with a younger brother and sister. He is Jewish. He sings and plays the guitar. Angel became interested in acting at the age of five, and appeared in the 2008 film", "title": "Asher Angel" }, { "id": "17787830", "text": "to Distributions Manager. For 10 months he worked in the same capacity for Pearson Books and in 2014 was the Distribution Director for the free newspaper \"City A.M.\". Bond-Owen lives with his wife Heidi. He has two sons. Nicholas Bond-Owen Nicholas Bond-Owen (born 13 November 1968) (sometimes billed as Nick or Nicholas Owen) is a child actor of the 1970s and 1980s best known for playing Tristram Fourmile in all five series of the popular comedy \"George and Mildred\" and in the film of the same name. Born in Ashford, Surrey in 1968 as Nicholas Owen to Diane and Sid", "title": "Nicholas Bond-Owen" }, { "id": "2833729", "text": "that the cat is not the same as before. While he used to be vibrant and lively, he now acts ornery and \"a little dead\", in Louis' words. Church hunts for mice and birds much more often, but he rips them apart without eating them. The cat also smells so bad that Ellie no longer wants him in her room at night. Jud confirms that this condition is the rule, rather than the exception, for animals who have been resurrected in this fashion. Louis is deeply disturbed by Church's resurrection and begins to wish that he had never done it.", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "15234613", "text": "Terrell Ransom Jr. Terrell Louis Ransom Jr. , also known as Kid Prodigy, is an American child actor and model, singer, musician and rapper. He is mostly known for his role on \"The Amazing World of Gumball\" as Darwin Watterson. Ransom was born in Royal Oak, Michigan as the son of Terrell Ransom and Katrina Ransomware 88. Ransom showed an interest in acting and modeling very early on from watching the Disney series \"Hannah Montana\" as a child. He then enrolled in acting classes where teachers were reluctant to work with him because of his young age. Katrina later relocated", "title": "Terrell Ransom Jr." }, { "id": "6123608", "text": "Zachery Ty Bryan Zachery Ty Bryan (born October 9, 1981) is an American actor and producer best known for his role as Brad Taylor on the American sitcom \"Home Improvement\". Bryan was born in Aurora, Colorado, to Jenny and Dwight Bryan. He has a younger sister named Ciri. He attended La Salle High School, graduating with the class of 2000. In 2007, he married Carly Matros, whom he met while attending La Canada Junior High School. He is the father of three daughters, including a set of twins born in 2014. He and his wife are expecting a baby boy", "title": "Zachery Ty Bryan" }, { "id": "6313830", "text": "film prior to its release. The film debuted at number three. Paramount Home Video released it on VHS in April 1993, and on DVD in September 2001. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 25% of 20 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review, and the average rating was 3.8/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100 based on 11 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". Stephen Holden of \"The New York Times\" wrote that the film \"is much better at special effects than at creating characters or telling a coherent story\". Kevin", "title": "Pet Sematary Two" }, { "id": "2835140", "text": "that earned him an MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Role and a Saturn Award for best young actor. He was discovered for the part by casting director Mali Finn while visiting the Pasadena Boys and Girls Club in September 1990. He followed this role with a string of moderately successful high-profile films and indies, sharing the screen with Meryl Streep and Liam Neeson in \"Before and After\"; Tim Roth, Maximilian Schell, and Vanessa Redgrave in \"Little Odessa\"; Jeff Bridges in \"American Heart\"; and Anthony Edwards and Clancy Brown in \"Pet Sematary Two\". In 1993, Furlong was featured in Aerosmith's", "title": "Edward Furlong" }, { "id": "6313827", "text": "been robbed, he rushes to the Gilbert house. There, he is attacked by Zowie and Gus, and he shoots and kills them both. Upon coming back to life, Renee stabs and kills Marjorie Hargrove, the Matthews' housekeeper. Jeff confronts his undead mother in the attic, and they embrace. Chase arrives home and urges Jeff to get away from Renee, who says she wants to spend quality time with her husband. An undead Clyde arrives and, after knocking Chase out, tries to kill Jeff — first with an axe and then with an ice skate. Renee locks Chase and both boys", "title": "Pet Sematary Two" }, { "id": "13454645", "text": "Scott McCord William Scott McCord (born April 19, 1971) is a Canadian actor, voice actor and musician. He has appeared in the films \"16 Blocks\", \"Shoot 'Em Up\", and the animated feature \"The Nut Job\". On television, he is best known for his voice over work in popular animated series. He plays Dan Kuso in \"Bakugan Battle Brawlers\", Tetsuya Watarigani in \"Beyblade Metal Fusion\", Owen and Trent in Fresh Animation's \"Total Drama\" series, Skull Boy in \"Ruby Gloom\", McGee in \"Camp Lakebottom\", and Jake in the animated TVOKids/Nickelodeon television series, \"PAW Patrol\". In 2016, he won the Canada Screens Award", "title": "Scott McCord" }, { "id": "7739421", "text": "\"Pet Sematary Two\", was released in 1992 to poor reviews and a disappointing box office. Although it references the events of the first film, the sequel focused on all-new characters. \"Pet Sematary\" has acquired a cult following in recent years, and members of the cast occasionally appear at horror conventions to discuss it. In 2002, New York horrorcore rapper Cage wrote the song \"Ballad of Worms\" which was featured on the album \"Eastern Conference All Stars II\" for the independent hip-hop label Eastern Conference Records. Before thought to be about his relationship and struggle with the hip-hop community, he later", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "13674815", "text": "association with the Random House Group in 2011, . Pet Sematary A book by Stephen King, later made into a film, which has a similar plot. Wake Wood Wake Wood (sometimes marketed as The Wake Wood) is a 2009 supernatural horror film directed by David Keating. An international co-production between Ireland and the United Kingdom by Hammer Film Productions, the film is set in Northern Ireland and stars Timothy Spall, Eva Birthistle, Ella Connolly and Aidan Gillen. Little Alice Daley is mauled to death by a German Shepherd dog in the yard of her father Patrick's veterinary practice. After her", "title": "Wake Wood" }, { "id": "6903609", "text": "The Oz Kids The Oz Kids is an American animated fantasy comedy-drama television series produced by Hyperion Animation based on \"The Wizard of Oz\", L. Frank Baum's classic children's novel, and its various sequels, and was first broadcast on September 14, 1996 on ABC. The two main characters of this series are both human: Dot and Neddie (the children of Dorothy and Zeb). The minor characters are Boris and Bela (the children of the Cowardly Lion), Tin Boy (the son of the Tin Woodman), Scarecrow Jr. (the son of the original Scarecrow), Jack Pumpkinhead, Jr. (son of the original Jack", "title": "The Oz Kids" }, { "id": "12948894", "text": "Tanay Chheda Tanay Hemant Chheda (born 27 June 1996) is an Indian actor. He is best known for his child performances in the critically acclaimed films \"Taare Zameen Par\" (2007) and \"Slumdog Millionaire\" (2008), with the latter earning him the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture and a nomination for Best Ensemble at the Black Reel Awards of 2008. Chheda is a Gujarati Jain with roots in Mandvi, Kutch who was born in Mumbai, India, where he currently lives. He used to study in Campion School, but changed to Dhirubhai Ambani International", "title": "Tanay Chheda" }, { "id": "17787827", "text": "Nicholas Bond-Owen Nicholas Bond-Owen (born 13 November 1968) (sometimes billed as Nick or Nicholas Owen) is a child actor of the 1970s and 1980s best known for playing Tristram Fourmile in all five series of the popular comedy \"George and Mildred\" and in the film of the same name. Born in Ashford, Surrey in 1968 as Nicholas Owen to Diane and Sid Owen, he got into acting by accident after his older brother signed with a child model agency. As there were already several Nicholas Owens registered as actors with Equity, he needed to pick a new name. As a", "title": "Nicholas Bond-Owen" }, { "id": "7739420", "text": "final bloodletting. Emaciated, then, rather than enhanced by its adaptation, \"Pet Semetary\" as a movie is nevertheless strikingly well-told.\" Bloody Disgusting rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, \"The plot alone would make for a scary movie, but by injecting excellent atmosphere, capable acting and generally nightmarish scenes, \"Pet Sematary\" is a truly effective horror flick and well worth the price of admission.\" At Dread Central, Steve Barton rated it 4/5 stars and called it one of the best King adaptations; Jason Jenkins rated it 3.5/5 stars and called it \"one of the better King adaptations of the period\". A sequel,", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "10214773", "text": "Tom Stevens (actor) Thomas James \"Tom\" Stevens (born June 24, 1987) is a Canadian actor, producer, and musician. He is best known for his role as Jason Higgins on Fox TV's \"Wayward Pines\". Stevens regularly performs in theatre in Vancouver and received critical acclaim for his role as \"Jerry\" in \"The Zoo Story\" during Vancouver's 2014 Fringe Festival season. In 2016, he won a Leo Award for Best Actor in a Guest Starring Role for \"Wayward Pines\". Stevens was born on June 24, 1987, in Vancouver, British Columbia. The child of a writer, Diane Stevens (née Ried) and a visual", "title": "Tom Stevens (actor)" }, { "id": "7739441", "text": "Pet Sematary (song) \"Pet Sematary\" is a single by American punk rock band Ramones from their 1989 album \"Brain Drain\". The song, originally written for the Stephen King movie adaptation of the same name, became one of the Ramones' biggest radio hits and a staple in their concerts during the 1990s. King is a huge Ramones fan and invited the band to his Bangor, Maine home as they played in New England. During the visit, he handed Dee Dee Ramone a copy of the \"Pet Sematary\" novel, and the bassist retreated to the basement. One hour later, he showed up", "title": "Pet Sematary (song)" }, { "id": "13454647", "text": "Awards. Scott McCord William Scott McCord (born April 19, 1971) is a Canadian actor, voice actor and musician. He has appeared in the films \"16 Blocks\", \"Shoot 'Em Up\", and the animated feature \"The Nut Job\". On television, he is best known for his voice over work in popular animated series. He plays Dan Kuso in \"Bakugan Battle Brawlers\", Tetsuya Watarigani in \"Beyblade Metal Fusion\", Owen and Trent in Fresh Animation's \"Total Drama\" series, Skull Boy in \"Ruby Gloom\", McGee in \"Camp Lakebottom\", and Jake in the animated TVOKids/Nickelodeon television series, \"PAW Patrol\". In 2016, he won the Canada Screens", "title": "Scott McCord" }, { "id": "7739412", "text": "but Louis, now grief-stricken to the point of insanity, believes that because Rachel was not dead as long as Gage was, burying her \"will work this time\". Pascow cries out in frustration and vanishes as Louis passes through him. That night, the horribly mutilated Rachel returns to Louis and the couple embrace. Rachel takes a large knife from the counter; Louis screams as the screen cuts to black. The film rights were sold to George A. Romero in 1984 for $10,000. King had previously declined several other offers for a film adaptation. Romero eventually had to pull out of the", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "2833731", "text": "kill him again for good. That was when they realized that \"Sometimes, dead is better\". Jud concludes that \"the place has a power... its own evil purpose,\" and may have caused Gage's death because Jud introduced Louis to it. Despite Jud's warning and his own reservations about the idea, Louis's grief and guilt spur him to carry out his plan. Louis exhumes Gage's body from his grave and inters him in the burial ground. Gage returns from the dead as a monstrous, demonic shadow of his former self and kills both Jud and Rachel. After killing Church, Louis confronts his", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "2833726", "text": "with her parents, who left Rachel at home alone with her sister when she died.) Louis himself has a traumatic experience during the first week of classes. Victor Pascow, a student who has been fatally injured in an automobile accident, addresses his dying words to Louis personally, even though the two men are strangers. On the night following Pascow's death, Louis experiences what he believes is a very vivid dream in which he meets Pascow, who leads him to the deadfall at the back of the \"sematary\" and warns Louis to not \"go beyond, no matter how much you feel", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "19596531", "text": "has appeared in films such as \"American Sniper\" and \"Devil's Knot\". In 2016 he appeared in the Disney Channel film \"Adventures in Babysitting\", playing Bobby the middle son of one the sets of children being babysat. The same year Jurgensmeyer was cast in Nickelodeon's \"Legends of the Hidden Temple\" television film, playing Dudley the youngest of the three siblings who travel through temple. Jet Jurgensmeyer Jet Jurgensmeyer (born ) is an American child actor. He played the role of Spanky in the 2014 film \"The Little Rascals Save the Day\", and Bobby Anderson in the 2016 Disney Channel television film", "title": "Jet Jurgensmeyer" }, { "id": "19026817", "text": "The Babysitter (2017 film) The Babysitter is a 2017 American teen horror-comedy film directed by McG and written by Brian Duffield. The film stars Samara Weaving, Judah Lewis, Hana Mae Lee, Robbie Amell and Bella Thorne. It was released by Netflix on October 13, 2017, and received positive reviews from critics. Twelve-year-old Cole Johnson is bullied by his neighbor Jeremy, but his babysitter Bee stands up for him and scares Jeremy off. The following day, when his parents go out for an overnight stay at a hotel, Bee and Cole spend quality time together until he has to go to", "title": "The Babysitter (2017 film)" }, { "id": "6261666", "text": "Sean Frye Sean Anthony Frye (born September 16, 1966) is an American former child actor. His best-known role was as Steve, the sunglass-toting friend of Elliot's older brother in \"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial\". His last made-for-television film was \"Toughlove\" (1985), where he played the role of a drug-involved teenager whose addiction caused him to steal from his family. Frye's last feature film was Molly Ringwald's \"For Keeps?\" (1988) about teen-age pregnancy. Beyond acting, Frye was wardrobe consultant on the 1983 film \"Valley Girl\". Frye was born in Hollywood, California. Actress Soleil Moon Frye is his half-sister; their father was actor Virgil", "title": "Sean Frye" }, { "id": "16310691", "text": "Police tech Nat (Jay Seals) confirms that someone hacked the clinic computer system and deleted a number of patient records. The IP address belongs to Laura Harvison, one of the clinic clients. Nat figures she does not have the computer skills to pull it off, but confirms that her 17-year-old son Sam (Brian Norris) might have. Britten and Bird go to see Sam at his home; he claims that he was trying to find out about his father, who had cancer. Britten asks how tall he was; outside, Bird asks for an explanation and Britten tries to spin a story", "title": "The Little Guy" }, { "id": "6261667", "text": "Frye. Sean Frye Sean Anthony Frye (born September 16, 1966) is an American former child actor. His best-known role was as Steve, the sunglass-toting friend of Elliot's older brother in \"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial\". His last made-for-television film was \"Toughlove\" (1985), where he played the role of a drug-involved teenager whose addiction caused him to steal from his family. Frye's last feature film was Molly Ringwald's \"For Keeps?\" (1988) about teen-age pregnancy. Beyond acting, Frye was wardrobe consultant on the 1983 film \"Valley Girl\". Frye was born in Hollywood, California. Actress Soleil Moon Frye is his half-sister; their father was actor", "title": "Sean Frye" }, { "id": "12627737", "text": "Roger Mobley Roger Lance Mobley (born January 16, 1949, in Evansville, Indiana) was a child actor in the 1950s and 1960s who made more than one hundred television appearances and co-starred in nine feature films in a nine-year career. He joined the Green Berets (46th Special Forces Company) during the Vietnam War and was subsequently a police officer in Beaumont, Texas. Mobley is one of eight children of Arthur Lance Mobley (April 1, 1922 – August 24, 2002) and Charlene V. Mobley (July 23, 1924 – November 23, 2012). Lance Mobley, as the father was known, was born in Centralia", "title": "Roger Mobley" }, { "id": "15010339", "text": "Noah then takes over as babysitter so his mother can go to the party. When Noah arrives at the house, he meets all of the kids immediately. The oldest son Slater (Max Records) is a kid with a severe anxiety disorder, their second oldest son Rodrigo (Kevin Hernandez) is a pyromaniac who was adopted from El Salvador. The youngest child is their daughter Blithe (Landry Bender) who is obsessed with pop culture and loves to wear makeup. As soon as the Pedulas leave, the children start to act obnoxious (smashing vases, making fart noises, and attempting to grab the TV", "title": "The Sitter" }, { "id": "7451974", "text": "Jerry Supiran Jerry Michael Supiran (born March 21, 1973) is an American former child actor. Supiran is best known for playing Jamie Lawson on the science-fiction sitcom \"Small Wonder\", which aired from 1985 to 1989. He has been credited with roles in 19 television and movie performances, including guest-starring roles in several noted series of the era, including \"Galactica 1980\", \"Little House on the Prairie\", \"Mr. Belvedere\", \"Newhart\", \"Highway to Heaven\", \"Trapper John, M.D.\", \"St. Elsewhere\", and \"Archie Bunker's Place\", along with several made-for-TV movies and a feature film called \"Uncommon Valor\". In 2012 it was reported that Supiran put", "title": "Jerry Supiran" }, { "id": "17320699", "text": "was co-produced by Metanoia Films and Santa Fé Films and was released on April 24, 2015, by Open Road Films. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18, 2015, by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. The film received negative reviews from mainstream critics and earned $17 million on a $20 million budget. An Indian adaptation of the film, \"Tubelight\" starring Salman Khan in the lead role, opened to mixed reviews in 2017. In the seaside town of O'Hare, California, an 8-year-old boy who is small for his age, Pepper Flynt Busbee (Jakob Salvati), has a very close relationship with", "title": "Little Boy (film)" }, { "id": "18008028", "text": "Ellar Coltrane Ellar Coltrane Kinney Salmon (born August 27, 1994), known professionally as Ellar Coltrane, is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Mason Evans Jr. in Richard Linklater's film \"Boyhood\" (2014), for which he won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer. Coltrane was born in Austin, Texas to Genevieve (née Kinney), an equine-assisted therapist for people with autism, and Bruce Salmon, a musician. His parents divorced when he was nine, and his mother subsequently remarried. Coltrane's half-sister, Evelyn, was born when he was eleven. He was largely homeschooled as a child, with", "title": "Ellar Coltrane" }, { "id": "9441716", "text": "Jomo (born 1991) now resides at the Cincinnati Zoo. Both Jomo and Sekani are parents to two boys. His third adult son Subira resides at the Dallas Zoo. He also has four younger offspring, Johari (female, born 2001), Sadiki (male, born 2005), Nassir (male, born September 2, 2009), and Nneka (female, born January 9, 2014.) living with him at the Toronto Zoo. His mate Ngozi recently gave birth to his sixteenth child, named Charlie after her father. Another of Charles' offspring was sent to the Dallas Zoo where in March 2004, Jabari (born 1990) escaped his enclosure and injured 3", "title": "Charles the Gorilla" }, { "id": "7572131", "text": "Richard Outten Richard Outten is an American screenwriter who works in both motion pictures and television. Among his writing credits is the 2012 Warner Bros. hit film \"\", starring Dwayne Johnson. After receiving his MFA from the USC School of Cinematic Arts, he co-authored (with Chris Columbus) the screenplay to the award-winning animated film \"\". Other motion picture credits include \"Lionheart\", helmed by Oscar-winning director Franklin J. Schaffner, and \"Pet Sematary Two\". Based on Outten's early work, Steven Spielberg selected him to do a rewrite of \"\". Although he didn't receive credit on the film, the assignment led to an", "title": "Richard Outten" }, { "id": "2833728", "text": "Church is run over outside his home at Thanksgiving. Rachel and the kids are visiting Rachel's parents in Chicago, but Louis frets over breaking the bad news to Ellie. Sympathizing with Louis, Jud takes him to the pet sematary, supposedly to bury Church. But instead of stopping there, Jud leads Louis farther on a frightening journey to \"the real cemetery\": an ancient burial ground that was once used by the Micmac Indians. There Louis buries the cat on Jud's instruction. Louis thinks that the subject is finished – until the next afternoon when Church returns home. It is, however, obvious", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "673568", "text": "he played an investigative reporter. Fred Gwynne's performance as Jud Crandall in \"Pet Sematary\" was based on author Stephen King himself, who is only an inch shorter than the actor, and uses a similarly thick Maine dialect. Gwynne also had roles in the movies \"Simon\", \"On the Waterfront\", \"So Fine\", \"Disorganized Crime\", \"The Cotton Club\", \"Captains Courageous\", \"The Secret of My Success\", \"Water\", \"Ironweed\", \"Fatal Attraction\" and \"The Boy Who Could Fly\". Despite his misgiving about having been typecast, he also agreed to reprise the role of Herman Munster for the 1981 TV reunion movie \"The Munsters' Revenge\". Gwynne played", "title": "Fred Gwynne" }, { "id": "8521612", "text": "his college sweetheart Zoe Henry in 2003. Henry co-stars alongside Hordley in \"Emmerdale\" as Veterinary Surgeon Rhona Goskirk. The couple have two children; a daughter named Violet, born in 2005, and a son called Stan, born in April 2008. They live in Boston Spa in West Yorkshire. In 1996, Hordley was diagnosed with Crohn's disease, an incurable and potentially life-threatening illness. He has experienced symptoms since age 20. He has been hospitalized three times from his condition. He is currently in remission. Jeff Hordley Jeff Hordley (born Jeffrey Thomas Percy, 7 March 1970 in Crumpsall, Manchester) is an English actor", "title": "Jeff Hordley" }, { "id": "18141326", "text": "12, 2017, and was released by 20th Century Fox on March 31, 2017. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $528 million worldwide against its $125 million budget. The film received Best Animated Feature nominations at both the Academy Awards and Golden Globes (losing both to \"Coco\"). A sequel is scheduled to be released on March 26, 2021, while a Netflix TV series, \"\" premiered April 6, 2018. A man named Tim Templeton tells a story about his 7-year-old self and his parents, Ted and Janice. One day, Tim is surprised when an infant wearing a", "title": "The Boss Baby" }, { "id": "7739406", "text": "cemetery before he dies, calling Louis by name despite the fact they have not previously met. After he dies, Pascow comes to Louis in the night and leads him to the Pet Sematary, warning him not to cross the barrier because the ground beyond is \"sour\". Louis awakens assuming it was a dream, but notices his feet are covered in dirt. During Thanksgiving while the family is gone, Ellie's cat, Church, is run down on the highway in front of the house. Realizing that Ellie will be devastated, Jud takes Louis beyond the cemetery and deep into the woods, where", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "12122080", "text": "born onscreen May 21, 2018. Sally Brown was cast as James Malcolm West. Unknown Infants replaced Sally Brown. James is delivered with the help of his half-uncle, Peter August. Maxie's water breaks in Peter's car after leaving The Nurses' Ball. After only a few pushes, Maxie delivers a premature but healthy baby boy on the side of the road. Maxie names him after his late father, Nathan (his given name) and her stepfather, Mac Scorpio. Lila Rae Alcazar is the daughter of Lorenzo Alcazar and Skye Quartermaine. She is named after Skye's adoptive grandmother, Lila Quartermaine, and Skye's mother, Dr.", "title": "Children of General Hospital" }, { "id": "673560", "text": "Fred Gwynne Frederick Hubbard Gwynne (July 10, 1926July 2, 1993) was an American actor, artist and author. Gwynne was best known for his roles in the 1960s sitcoms \"Car 54, Where Are You?\" and as Herman Munster in \"The Munsters\", as well as his later roles in \"The Cotton Club,\" \"Pet Sematary\" and \"My Cousin Vinny\". Fred Gwynne was born on July 10, 1926, in New York City, son of Frederick Walker Gwynne, a partner in the securities firm Gwynne Brothers, and his wife, Dorothy (Ficken). His paternal grandfather was an Episcopal priest born in Camus, near Strabane, County Tyrone,", "title": "Fred Gwynne" }, { "id": "11566657", "text": "then takes the baby, whom he names Napoleon, into his custody, stating that they can see him every other century, as well as a magic rattle to enable it to control its magic. Fortunately, in truth, Cosmo and Wanda replaced the real baby with the fake baby. Afterwards, when they take the baby home, they discover that their baby is a boy, because he's holding a water squirter (According to Timmy, boys love water squirters). Timmy then names him Baby Poof, because it's the only word he says. Poof then goes flying around, transforming everything in sight, before the house", "title": "Fairly OddBaby" }, { "id": "13375487", "text": "Brian Part Brian Part (born March 24, 1962 in Los Angeles, California) was an American child actor best known for his role of the adopted son of Mr. Edwards (Victor French) on television's \"Little House on the Prairie\". He now writes and performs music with his wife Melody Part. Part first developed an interest in acting at the age of five. Right before Part's father died, he made his wife promise that their son could become an actor. Part told his dad that he would make his name famous. Part's first acting job was in an episode of \"Lucas Tanner\"", "title": "Brian Part" }, { "id": "20948981", "text": "the screenplay for Guadagnino's remake of the horror film \"Suspiria\". Kajganich served as the writer of \"The Terror\" (2018), a television series based on the Dan Simmons novel of the same name. In 2016, Kajganich began co-writing a new adaptation of Stephen King's \"Pet Sematary\", due for release in 2019. David Kajganich David Kajganich (born November 15, 1969) is an American screenwriter and producer. He has written several works in the horror genre, including the film \"Blood Creek\" (2009), and the network series \"The Terror\" (2018). He has also collaborated on two films with the Italian director Luca Guadagnino, \"A", "title": "David Kajganich" }, { "id": "7739418", "text": "was 5.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Pet Sematary\" is a bruising horror flick that wears its quirks on its sleeves, to the detriment of its scare factor.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 38 out of 100 based on 12 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". \"Variety\" called it \"undead schlock dulled by a slasher-film mentality\". Vincent Canby of \"The New York Times\" wrote that the film \"has some effectively ghoulish moments\" but \"fails mostly because it doesn't trust the audience to do any of the work\". Gene Siskel of the \"Chicago Tribune\" gave the film", "title": "Pet Sematary (1989 film)" }, { "id": "10542324", "text": "time of year in captivity. Gestation lasts 29 days, and results in the birth of between one and five, but typically three, young. The young are initially blind and helpless, with thin black fur over most of the body, and naked undersides. The teeth are already erupted at birth, and the eyes open after 10 to 14 days. Newborn young weigh only around , and measure in head-body length, but they grow rapidly, being weaned between 24 and 33 days, by which time they have already attained the adult coat and general appearance. The young attain the full adult dimensions", "title": "Red rock rat" }, { "id": "17785597", "text": "Bimby Aquino Yap James Aquino Yap (born April 19, 2007), better known as Bimby, and previously known as Baby James Yap, is a Filipino child actor, TV-media personality and the son of Kris Aquino and James Yap. He made his film debut in \"My Little Bossings\" (2013). Yap was born to television host and actress Kris Aquino and James Yap. Yap is currently home schooled. In 2016, he experienced a concussion to the head that left millions of fans traumatized. Before Yap's movie debut in \"My Little Bossings\", he first appeared in TV commercials and billboards together with his mother,", "title": "Bimby Aquino Yap" }, { "id": "4973569", "text": "in \"Pet Sematary\" (1989), \"Kindergarten Cop\" (1990), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Spawn\" (1997), \"Zeus and Roxanne\" (1997), and \"Mercury Rising\" (1998) alongside Bruce Willis. Hughes has also appeared in numerous television movies. He has been a series regular, recurring character or guest star on many television series. He played Aaron Bailey on \"Full House\" from 1990 to 1995. Other appearances have been in \"Baywatch\" (1989), \"Sister Kate\" (1989–90), \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" (1991), \"Melrose Place\" (1992), \"Touched by an Angel\" (1994), and \"The Nanny\" (1994). Hughes received an Emmy Award certificate for his participation as the voice of Tommy in the number-one-rated", "title": "Miko Hughes" }, { "id": "6852093", "text": "appeared on an episode of \"Midnight Caller\" and filmed \"A Cry in the Wild\" as Brian Robeson, a film based on the book \"Hatchet\". In 1992, Rushton guest-starred in an episode of \"\". He also had a starring role in \"Pet Sematary Two\", as the school bully, Clyde Parker, a main enemy of Edward Furlong`s character. He also guest-starred in the \"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman\" episode entitled \"Bad Water\". Jared Rushton Jared Michael Rushton (born March 3, 1974) is an American musician and former actor. He is best known for his roles in several films from the late 1980s, including", "title": "Jared Rushton" }, { "id": "6963060", "text": "Meeno Peluce Miro Fiore \"Meeno\" Peluce (born February 26, 1970) is an American photographer and former child actor. Peluce was born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the son of Sandra N. (née Londy), a personal manager and caterer, and Floyd N. Peluce, a certified public accountant. He has one half-sister, actress Soleil Moon Frye, whose father is actor Virgil Frye. With dark curly hair and pixieish looks, Peluce made guest appearances on American television programs during the 1970s and early 1980s, including \"Starsky and Hutch\", \"Kojak\", \"Benson\", \"The Love Boat\", \"Diff'rent Strokes\", \"The Incredible Hulk\", \"Happy Days\", \"The A-Team\", \"Silver Spoons\",", "title": "Meeno Peluce" }, { "id": "17249802", "text": "Tender Taps in the \"\" season six episode \"On Your Marks\". He is the voice of Trip Hamston in the Littlest Pet Shop series, \"\", which premiered in April 2018. He also provides the voice of the Robot Master Ice Man in \".\" Travis Turner Travis Turner (born May 9, 1987), also known as \"Little T\"or “T” is a Canadian film and television actor, voice artist, rapper, songwriter and singer. Turner began his career at the age of 6. Turner was born in the small town of Oliver, British Columbia. He is also a business owner and entrepreneur in Vancouver,", "title": "Travis Turner" }, { "id": "4882491", "text": "Hank Patterson Hank Patterson (born Elmer Calvin Patterson; October 9, 1888 – August 23, 1975) was an American actor and musician. He is known foremost for playing two recurring characters on three television series: the stableman Hank Miller on \"Gunsmoke\" and farmer Fred Ziffel on both \"Petticoat Junction\" and \"Green Acres\". Patterson was born in Springville, Alabama, one of seven children of Green Davis Patterson, an insurance agent, and Mary Isabell \"Mollie\" Newton Patterson. By the 1890s his family had moved to Taylor, Texas, where he spent most of his boyhood and attended school through 8th grade. In 1917 he", "title": "Hank Patterson" }, { "id": "5670337", "text": "went from modest means to wealth. Macaulay became extremely popular due to his starring roles in the \"Home Alone\" feature films, and he was the first child in Hollywood to receive a million dollar salary (for \"My Girl\" (1991)). From 1995 to 1997, Kit was part of a child custody trial. He has fathered eight children: Jennifer Adamson (1970–2000) with Adeena VanWagoner; Shane (b. 1976), Dakota (1978–2008), Macaulay (b. 1980), Kieran (b. 1982), Quinn (b. 1984), Christian (b. 1987) and Rory (b. 1989) with Patricia Brentrup (b. 1954). Culkin and Brentrup were together for 21 years from 1974–1995, but never", "title": "Kit Culkin" }, { "id": "7846747", "text": "Eric Lloyd Eric Lloyd (born David Eric Lloyd Morelli; May 19, 1986) is an American actor, comedian, musician and producer. Lloyd is best known for work as a child actor in such roles as Charlie Calvin in Disney's \"The Santa Clause\" film trilogy, and as \"Little John\" Warner in the NBC television series \"Jesse\". His television career began when, between ages 2 and 5, he was cast as a young Kevin Arnold (Fred Savage) in episodes of \"The Wonder Years\". His film credits include \"Batman & Robin\", \"Dunston Checks In\", \"My Giant\", \"The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars\", and", "title": "Eric Lloyd" }, { "id": "16061380", "text": "Steve Reevis Steve Reevis (August 14, 1962 – December 7, 2017) was a Native American actor and member of the Blackfoot tribe known for his roles in the films \"Fargo\", \"Last of the Dogmen\", and \"Dances with Wolves\". Steve Reevis was born on August 14, 1962 in Browning, Montana to father Lloyd \"Curley\" and mother Lila Reevis. The third oldest of seven children, he had two brothers and four sisters. Reevis grew up on the Blackfeet Reservation in northwestern Montana. Reevis attended and graduated from Flandreau Indian School in Flandreau, South Dakota. Following high school graduation, he attended Haskell Indian", "title": "Steve Reevis" }, { "id": "2833736", "text": "Sematary Two,\" was released in 1992. In March 2010, it was announced that a remake was in the works, with Matt Greenberg (writer of another King adaptation, \"1408\") currently working on the screenplay. On 21 September 2010, Guillermo del Toro announced that he would like to direct the \"Pet Sematary\" remake, along with a new adaptation of another Stephen King novel, \"It\", but stated that his busy schedule made it unlikely that he would be able to work on either film any time soon. As of October 31, 2013, Lorenzo di Bonaventura and Steven Schneider were producing the remake and", "title": "Pet Sematary" }, { "id": "3312944", "text": "other episodes as four other characters. Hawkins played Jimmy Stewart's son in the film \"It's A Wonderful Life\". In season seven, Steve and Betty Jo's baby Kathy Jo was played by Elna Danelle Hubbell. In season six, Kathy Jo was played (uncredited) by infant twins Heather and Barbara Whiter. Heather said her sister and she landed the role when their mother heard that the producers were looking for red-haired babies. She also said that she has no first-hand memories of working on the show. Billie Jo was originally to be played by Sharon Tate. Though a cast photo was taken", "title": "Petticoat Junction" }, { "id": "11023353", "text": "Nicholas Braun Nicholas Joseph Braun (born May 1, 1988) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his role in the HBO series \"Succession\" (2018). He has appeared in several films, including \"Sky High\" (2005), \"Princess Protection Program\" (2009), \"Red State\" (2011), \"Prom\" (2011), \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" (2012), \"Date and Switch\" (2014), and \"How to Be Single\" (2016). Braun was born in Bethpage, New York, the son of Elizabeth Lyle and actor Craig Braun (born 1939). He has a brother, musician Christopher Deyo Braun, and half-brothers, actor Guillaume Rumiel and producer Timothy Braun. In", "title": "Nicholas Braun" } ]

[ "Pakistan" ]

[ { "id": "441089", "text": "Urdu Urdu (; )—or, more precisely, Modern Standard Urdu—is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language. It is the official and \"lingua franca\" of Pakistan. In India, it is one of the 22 official languages recognized in the Constitution of India, having official status in the six states of Jammu and Kashmir, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, as well as the national capital territory of Delhi. It is a registered regional language of Nepal. Apart from specialized vocabulary, spoken Urdu is mutually intelligible with Standard Hindi, another recognized register of Hindustani. The Urdu variant of Hindustani", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "441109", "text": "the cultural and social heritage of the country. Although English is used in most elite circles, and Punjabi has a plurality of native speakers, Urdu is the lingua franca and national language of Pakistan. In practice English is used instead of Urdu in the higher echelons of government. Urdu is also one of the officially recognized languages in India and the official language of Jammu and Kashmir, one of the two official languages of Telangana and also has the status of \"\"additional official language\"\" in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and the national capital, New", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "1951657", "text": "their own official languages, depending on their linguistic demographics. The official languages chosen reflect the predominant as well as politically significant languages spoken in that state. Certain states having a linguistically defined territory may have only the predominant language in that state as its official language, examples being Karnataka and Gujarat, which have Kannada and Gujarati as their sole official language respectively. Telangana, with a sizeable Urdu-speaking Muslim population, has two languages, Telugu and Urdu, as its official languages. Some states buck the trend by using minority languages as official languages. Jammu and Kashmir uses Urdu, which is spoken by", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "441110", "text": "Delhi. In Jammu and Kashmir, section 145 of the Kashmir Constitution provides: \"The official language of the State shall be Urdu but the English language shall unless the Legislature by law otherwise provides, continue to be used for all the official purposes of the State for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of the Constitution.\" Urdu has a few recognised dialects, including Dakhni, Rekhta, and Modern Vernacular Urdu (based on the Khariboli dialect of the Delhi region). Dakhni (also known as Dakani, Deccani, Desia, Mirgan) is spoken in Deccan region of southern India. It is distinct by", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "8972072", "text": "to be known as the Bengali Language Movement. Although politicians like Khwaja Nazimudin supported the cause of Urdu, a vast majority of Bengali nationalists saw the government policy as a symbol of racial discrimination. This wedge in Pakistani society would ultimately lead to the Bangladesh Liberation War and the establishment of Bangladesh in 1971. Independent India adopted Urdu as one of its 23 scheduled languages although its counterpart, Hindi, enjoys the status of official language. Urdu is also officially recognised by the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar and Delhi. Urdu is widely used by Indian Muslims", "title": "Urdu movement" }, { "id": "765207", "text": "in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India and is an official language of the Indian states of Telangana, Bihar, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, and Uttar Pradesh. Although the government school system in most other states emphasises Modern Standard Hindi, at universities in cities such as Lucknow, Aligarh and Hyderabad, Urdu is spoken and learnt, and \"Saaf\" or \"Khaalis\" Urdu is treated with just as much respect as \"Shuddha\" Hindi. Urdu is also the national language of Pakistan, where it shares official language status with English. Although English is spoken by many, and Punjabi is the native language of", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "13984419", "text": "States of India by Urdu speakers As per Government of India census data of 2001, the total number of Urdu speakers in India were 81,061,078 and as per report of 2001, the total number of Urdu speakers in India were 51,536,111 (of which 51,533,954 spoke Urdu and 2,157 other dialects such as Bhojpuri,Maithili,Awadhi,Magadhi & many other forms of Hindustani. Urdu is officially recognised in India and has official status in the National Capital Territory of Delhi to which the language has remained deeply attached through its medieval history of Muslim sultanates and empires, and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh,", "title": "States of India by Urdu speakers" }, { "id": "5957289", "text": "Persian and Urdu The Persian language historically influenced many of the modern languages and dialects of the Middle East, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, South Asia including Urdu, a language having its origin in India during the Mughal reign, it is the national language of Pakistan and an official language in seven states/territories of India. Following the Turko-Persian Ghaznavid conquest of South Asia, the speech based in Delhi's Khariboli dialect and other dialects of South Asia received a large influx of Persian, Chagatai and Arabic vocabulary. The subsequent Turko-Afghan Delhi Sultanate gave way for a further continuation of this. The basis", "title": "Persian and Urdu" }, { "id": "1951667", "text": "must for officials. Hindustani was made the second language of British Indian Empire after English and considered as the language of administration. The British introduced the use of Roman script for Hindustani as well as other languages. Urdu had 70 million speakers in India (as per the Census of 2001), and, along with Hindi, is one of the 22 officially recognised regional languages of India and also an official language in the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Telangana that have significant Muslim populations. Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the west", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "441108", "text": "was downplayed by these disputes when English and Bengali were also accepted as official languages in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Urdu is the national and one of the two official languages of Pakistan, along with English, and is spoken and understood throughout the country, whereas the state-by-state languages (languages spoken throughout various regions) are the provincial languages. Only 7.57% of Pakistanis have Urdu as their first language, but Urdu is mostly understood and spoken all over Pakistan as a second or third language. It is used in education, literature, office and court business. It holds in itself a repository of", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "441100", "text": "the vast majority in some form or another, including a majority of urban dwellers in such cities as Karachi, Lahore, Okara District, Sialkot, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Multan, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Quetta, Jhang, Sargodha and Skardu. It is written, spoken and used in all provinces/territories of Pakistan although the people from differing provinces may have different indigenous languages, as from the fact that it is the \"base language\" of the country. For this reason, it is also taught as a compulsory subject up to higher secondary school in both English and Urdu medium school systems. This has produced millions of Urdu speakers", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "4651765", "text": "Sanskrit and the various Prakrits are thought to have evolved. The most widely spoken language in this region is Hindi. It has official status in the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh as well as in the union territory of Delhi. Punjabi has predominance in the state of Punjab where it is the official language. It also has significant presence in the nearby regions. Urdu enjoys official status in Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh. Further north in Jammu and Kashmir, major languages are Dogri and Kashmiri. Languages like Bengali, Bhili and Nepali are also", "title": "North India" }, { "id": "618188", "text": "state. Hindustani is widely understood by peoples. Many speakers of these languages use Urdu or English as a second language. Urdu occupies a central space in media, education, religious and political discourses, and the legislature of Jammu and Kashmir. The language is said to function as a symbol of identity among Muslims of South Asia. Additionally, as the language is regarded as a \"neutral\" and non-native language of the multilingual region, its acceptance was broadly accepted by Kashmiri Muslims. The use of Urdu as the official language of Jammu and Kashmir has also been criticised by Rajeshwari V. Pandharipande of", "title": "Jammu and Kashmir" }, { "id": "441130", "text": "in which he compares himself to his great predecessor, the master poet Mir: The following is a sample text in Urdu, of the Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (by the United Nations): Note: \"*('s) represents a possessive case that, when written, is preceded by the possessor and followed by the possessed, unlike the English \"of\".\" Urdu Urdu (; )—or, more precisely, Modern Standard Urdu—is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language. It is the official and \"lingua franca\" of Pakistan. In India, it is one of the 22 official languages recognized in the Constitution of", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "177098", "text": "Uttar Pradesh, for instance, depending on the political formation in power, this language is generally Urdu. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of official language in the following Union Territories: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, National Capital Territory. National language status for Hindi is a long-debated theme. In 2010, the Gujarat High Court clarified that Hindi is not the national language of India because the constitution does not mention it as such. Outside Asia, the Awadhi language (A Hindi dialect) with influence from Bhojpuri, Bihari languages, Fijian and English is spoken in Fiji.", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "441103", "text": "\"Nawa-i-Waqt\", \"Millat\", among many others (see List of newspapers in Pakistan#Urdu language newspapers). In India, Urdu is spoken in places where there are large Muslim minorities or cities that were bases for Muslim Empires in the past. These include parts of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra (Marathwada), Karnataka and cities such as Lucknow, Delhi, Bareilly, Meerut, Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Roorkee, Deoband, Moradabad, Azamgarh, Bijnor, Najibabad, Rampur, Aligarh, Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Agra, Kanpur, Badaun, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Kolkata, Mysore, Patna, Gulbarga, Parbhani, Nanded, Kochi, Malegaon, Bidar, Ajmer, and Ahmedabad. Some Indian schools teach Urdu as a first language", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "4526144", "text": "language of Pakistan is Urdu, and arrangements shall be made for its being used for official and other purposes within fifteen years from the commencing day.\" Although Urdu has been declared an official language, so far all government documents, legislation, legal orders, and other official records are written in Pakistani English. Most higher education instruction is in English.\" The National Language Authority is an organization established to make arrangements to promote Urdu since 1979. The 1973 Philippine constitution hegemonically imposed Tagalog national language at the expense of all other ethnic nationalities in the country and mandated development and formal adoption", "title": "National language" }, { "id": "8972070", "text": "nations. Advocates of the Pakistan movement sought to make Urdu a key argument in drawing distinctions with India's Hindu-majority population. Muslim religious leaders such as Maulana Mohammad Ali, Maulana Shaukat Ali and Maulana Maududi emphasised the knowledge of Urdu as essential for ordinary and religious Muslims. In Pakistan, Urdu has been so far, the National language and the Lingua franca, while English holds the status of the official language of the state. However, this policy caused considerable political turmoil in East Bengal, which was home to Bengali-speaking population who constituted the majority of the population of Pakistan. Jinnah, most West", "title": "Urdu movement" }, { "id": "3765046", "text": "Urdu literature Urdu literature (, ) is literature in the Urdu language. has a history that is inextricably tied to the development of Urdu, the register of the Hindustani language written in the Perso-Arabic script. While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the \"ghazal\" and \"nazm\", it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana. Urdu literature is mostly popular in Pakistan, where Urdu is the national language and India, where it is an official language. It is also widely understood in Afghanistan. Urdu Developed in Malegaon.", "title": "Urdu literature" }, { "id": "177097", "text": "of Hindi on non-native speakers, especially in South India (such as the those in Tamil Nadu) led to the passage of the Official Languages Act of 1963, which provided for the continued use of English indefinitely for all official purposes, although the constitutional directive for the Union Government to encourage the spread of Hindi was retained and has strongly influenced its policies. At the state level, Hindi is the official language of the following Indian states: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal. Each may also designate a \"co-official language\"; in", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "7133527", "text": "Khariboli with the name 'Gora Badal ki Katha'. The establishment of British rule in the subcontinent saw the clear division of Hindi and Urdu registers. This period also saw the rise of modern Hindi literature starting with Bharatendu Harishchandra. This period also shows further Sanskritization of the Hindi language in literature. Hindi is right now the official language in nine states of India— Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh—and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Post-independence Hindi became the official language of the Central Government of India along with English. Urdu has been", "title": "Linguistic history of India" }, { "id": "765208", "text": "the majority of the population, Urdu is the \"lingua franca\". \"Hindustani\" was the official language of the British Raj and was synonymous with both Hindi and Urdu. After India's independence in 1947, the Sub-Committee on Fundamental Rights recommended that the official language of India be Hindustani: \"Hindustani, written either in Devanagari or the Perso-Arabic script at the option of the citizen, shall, as the national language, be the first official language of the Union.\" However, this recommendation was not adopted by the Constituent Assembly. Besides being the \"lingua franca\" of North India and Pakistan in South Asia, Hindustani is also", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "1768829", "text": "Dwivedi, Acharya Kuber Nath Rai, Bharatendu Harishchandra, Kamleshwar Prasad Saxena, Shivmangal Singh Suman, Mahadevi Varma, and Vibhuti Narain Rai. The state is sometimes called the 'Hindi heartland of India'. Hindi became the language of state administration with the Uttar Pradesh Official Language Act of 1951. A 1989 amendment to the act added Urdu, as an additional language of the state. Linguistically, the state spreads across the Central, East-Central, and Eastern zones of the Hindi Belt, the major Hindi dialects of the state being Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Bundeli, Braj Bhasha, Kannauji and the vernacular form of Khariboli. Uttar Pradesh has produced musicians,", "title": "Uttar Pradesh" }, { "id": "8597755", "text": "in five states of India with a substantial percentage of Hindustani-speaking Muslims: Bihar, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh. Other than the Indian subcontinent, the Urdu script is also used by Pakistan's large diaspora, including in the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates, the United States, Canada, Saudi Arabia, and other places. The Nastaʿlīq calligraphic writing style began as a Persian mixture of scripts Naskh and Ta'liq. After the Mughal conquest, Nasta'liq became the preferred writing style for Urdu. It is the dominant style in Pakistan, and many Urdu writers elsewhere in the world use it. Nastaʿlīq is", "title": "Urdu alphabet" }, { "id": "3763549", "text": "are from other regions. The religious makeup of Telangana is about 85.1% Hindu, 12.7% Muslim, and 1.3% Christian, and 0.9% others. Telugu is the official language of Telangana and Urdu is the second official language of the state. About 77% of the population of Telangana speak Telugu, 12% speak Urdu, and 13% speak other languages. Before 1948, Urdu was the official language of Hyderabad State, and due to a lack of Telugu-language educational institutions, Urdu was the language of the educated elite of Telangana. After 1948, once Hyderabad State joined the new Republic of India, Telugu became the language of", "title": "Telangana" }, { "id": "13043195", "text": "Languages of Uttar Pradesh The languages of Uttar Pradesh generally belong to two zones in the Indo-Aryan languages, Central and East. Hindi is the state's official language (Urdu is co-official), and according to census data, it is spoken by 91.32% of the population. However, Hindi is a wide label that covers many dialects, which may or not be considered separate languages and may or may not be fully mutually intelligible. These include Awadhi, Braj Bhasha, Bundeli, Bagheli, Kannauji, Khariboli (all of these belonging Central zone, considered to be the core of the Hindi belt) and Bhojpuri. Bhojpuri belongs to the", "title": "Languages of Uttar Pradesh" }, { "id": "12894857", "text": "Provincial languages of Pakistan The provincial languages of Pakistan are a set of languages that are spoken and used in the fourProvinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan). However, provincial languages have no official status in Pakistan, except Sindhi in Sindh, given the fact that Urdu and English are the official languages of the country. Shown below are the main languages of each the provinces: Urdu is spoken and understood by nearly all Pakistanis, as it is the national language and is officially used in formal governmental, educational purposes, etc. It is the symbol of muslim identity and", "title": "Provincial languages of Pakistan" }, { "id": "13043197", "text": "tongues' with tens of millions of speakers that are officially grouped under the 'language' Hindi. The languages of state administration are Hindi, established by the Uttar Pradesh Official Language Act, 1951, and Urdu, established by the Amendment to the same in 1989. Devanagari is the main script used to write Uttar Pradesh languages, although Urdu is written in the Nastaliq style of the Perso-Arabic script. Kaithi was widely used historically. The Nagari Pracharini Sabha was formed in 1893 to promote the usage of the Devanagari script. Languages of Uttar Pradesh The languages of Uttar Pradesh generally belong to two zones", "title": "Languages of Uttar Pradesh" }, { "id": "16546466", "text": "also houses Urdu research center's collection. In 2017, Urdu was declared the second official language of the state of Telangana. (after Telugu) This move was praised by many, especially Muslims of Hyderabad who spoke Urdu as their mother tongue. Since inception of Hyderabad, the nobles have a tradition of courtesans dance and poetry, which had led to a unique style of dance form in court dance in Hyderabad, the Taramati of the early 16th century and Mah Laqa Bai 18th century are some of the early courtesans who popularised Kathak dance and poetry culture in the early history of Hyderabad.", "title": "Culture of Hyderabad" }, { "id": "337781", "text": "language in Pakistan after Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. It is, however, the official provincial language of Punjab, Pakistan, the second largest and the most populous province of Pakistan as well as in Islamabad Capital Territory. The only two official national languages in Pakistan are Urdu and English, which are considered the lingua francas of Pakistan. The Majhi (ماجھی ਮਾਝੀ) dialect spoken around Amritsar and Lahore is Punjabi's prestige dialect. Majhi is spoken in the heart of Punjab in the region of Majha, which spans Lahore, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Kasur, Tarn Taran, Faisalabad, Nankana Sahib, Pathankot, Okara, Pakpattan, Sahiwal, Narowal,", "title": "Punjabi language" }, { "id": "765205", "text": "declared by the Constitution of India as the \"official language (राजभाषा, \"rājabhāśā\") of the Union\" (Art. 343(1)) (In this context, \"Union\" means the Federal Government and not the entire country – India has 23 official languages). At the same time, however, the definitive text of federal laws is officially the English text and proceedings in the higher appellate courts must be conducted in English. At the state level, Hindi is one of the official languages in 9 of the 29 Indian states and three Union Territories (respectively, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, and Haryana;", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "12894858", "text": "unity. Provincial languages of Pakistan The provincial languages of Pakistan are a set of languages that are spoken and used in the fourProvinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan). However, provincial languages have no official status in Pakistan, except Sindhi in Sindh, given the fact that Urdu and English are the official languages of the country. Shown below are the main languages of each the provinces: Urdu is spoken and understood by nearly all Pakistanis, as it is the national language and is officially used in formal governmental, educational purposes, etc. It is the symbol of muslim identity", "title": "Provincial languages of Pakistan" }, { "id": "1951697", "text": "announced that there were plans to promote Urdu in official business, but Pakistan's Minister of Planning Ahsan Iqbal stated,\"Urdu will be a second medium of language and all official business will be bilingual.\" He also went on to say that English would be taught alongside Urdu in schools. In the history, Arabic (عربي) was the official language when the territory of the modern state Islamic Republic of Pakistan was a part of the Umayyad Caliphate between 651 and 750. The Arabic language is mentioned in the constitution of Pakistan. It declares in article 31 No. 2 that \"\"The State shall", "title": "Languages of Pakistan" }, { "id": "8945605", "text": "the Delhi Sultanate as well as Mughal Empire (1526–1858) in South Asia. Urdu was mainly developed in Delhi and its surrounding areas which was the seat of Royal court of the Indian Subcontinent. It also became a language of Muslim nobility. After Persian language, it was most widely used in the Mughal Royal Court. It was declared the official language, and all official records were written in this language. In 1876, some Hindus began to demand that Hindi should be made an official language in place of Urdu, and they started a movement in Banaras in which they demanded the", "title": "Urdu Defence Association" }, { "id": "177092", "text": "a standardised form of Hindustani separate from Urdu took form. In 1881, Bihar accepted Hindi as its sole official language, replacing Urdu, and thus became the first state of India to adopt Hindi. Modern Standard Hindi is one of the youngest Indian languages in this regard. After independence, the government of India instituted the following conventions: On 14 September 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted Hindi written in the Devanagari script as the official language of the Republic of India replacing Urdu's previous usage in British India. To this end, several stalwarts rallied and lobbied pan-India in favor of", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "765202", "text": "grade. It is also an official language in the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Telangana that have significant Muslim populations. In a specific sense, \"Hindustani\" may be used to refer to the dialects and varieties used in common speech, in contrast with the standardised Hindi and Urdu. This meaning is reflected in the use of the term \"bazaar Hindustani\", in other words, the \"language of the street or the marketplace\", as opposed to the perceived refinement of formal Hindi, Urdu, or even Sanskrit. Thus, the Webster's New World Dictionary defines", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "8972068", "text": "leaders Mohsin-ul-Mulk and Maulvi Abdul Haq developed organisations such as the Urdu Defence Association and the Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu, committed to the perpetuation of Urdu. Sir Syed's protege Shibli Nomani led efforts that resulted in the adoption of Urdu as the official language of the Hyderabad State and as the medium of instruction in the Osmania University. This political campaign was criticised for making the use of Urdu a political issue that served as a wedge between Muslims and Hindus, who saw Sir Syed's advocacy as an effort to re-establish Muslim hegemony. To Muslims in northern and western India, Urdu became", "title": "Urdu movement" }, { "id": "6391162", "text": "administration and education. Other notable poets, scholars and writers of the early 20th century are Amjad Hyderabadi, Makhdoom Mohiuddin, Sayyid Shamsullah Qadri, Mohiuddin Qadri Zore and Sulaiman Areeb. Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad, although not a Muslim himself, was steeped in Hyderabadi Muslim Culture and wrote poetry under the pen name \"Shad\". In 2017, Urdu was declared the second official language of the state of Telangana. (after Telugu) This move was praised by many, especially Muslims of Hyderabad who spoke Urdu as their mother tongue. Though, the once great dance traditions among the Hyderabadi Muslims are almost lost, two distinct, cultural", "title": "Hyderabadi Muslims" }, { "id": "2489003", "text": "continues to be used today, in combination with other (at the central level and in some states) State official languages at the state level. The legal framework governing the use of languages for official purpose currently includes the Constitution, the Official Languages Act, 1963, Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) Rules, 1976, and various state laws, as well as rules and regulations made by the central government and the states. The Indian constitution, in 1950, declared Hindi in Devanagari script to be the official language of the union. Unless Parliament decided otherwise, the use of English for", "title": "Languages with official status in India" }, { "id": "8597752", "text": "script. The National Language Authority of Pakistan has developed a number of systems with specific notations to signify non-English sounds, but these can only be properly read by someone already familiar with the loan letters. The Urdu language emerged as a distinct register of Hindustani well before the Partition of India. It is distinguished most by its extensive Persian influences (Persian having been the official language of the Mughal government and the most prominent lingua franca of the Indian subcontinent for several centuries before the solidification of British colonial rule during the 19th century). The standard Urdu script is a", "title": "Urdu alphabet" }, { "id": "14499363", "text": "Constitution apply to Jammu and Kashmir only insofar as they relate to (i) the official language of the Union; (ii) the official language for communication between one state and another; or between a state and the Union; and (iii) language of the proceedings in the Supreme Court. Urdu is the official language of the state but use of English is permitted for official purposes unless the state legislature provides otherwise. Certain special rights have been granted to the permanent residents of Jammu and Kashmir with regard to employment under the state, acquisition of immovable property in the state, settlement in", "title": "Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir" }, { "id": "441111", "text": "its mixture of vocabulary from Marathi and Konkani, as well as some vocabulary from Arabic, Persian and Chagatai that are not found in the standard dialect of Urdu. Dakhini is widely spoken in all parts of Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Urdu is read and written as in other parts of India. A number of daily newspapers and several monthly magazines in Urdu are published in these states. In terms of pronunciation, the easiest way to recognize native speakers is by their pronunciation of the letter () as (). Many bilingual or multi-lingual Urdu speakers, being familiar with both", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "177101", "text": "Trinidad and Tobago; 3,000 in Singapore. Linguistically, Hindi and Urdu are two registers of the same language and are mutually intelligible. Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and uses more Sanskrit words, whereas Urdu is written in the Perso-Arabic script and uses more Arabic and Persian words. Hindi is the most commonly used official language in India. Urdu is the and \"lingua franca\" of Pakistan and is one of 22 official languages of India. The splitting of Hindi and Urdu into separate languages is largely motivated by politics, namely the Indo-Pakistani rivalry. Hindi is written in the Devanagari script,", "title": "Hindi" }, { "id": "441093", "text": "Turkic language from Central Asia. Urdu and Turkish borrowed from Arabic and Persian, hence the similarity in pronunciation of many Urdu and Turkish words. Arabic influence in the region began with the late first-millennium Muslim conquests of the Indian subcontinent. The Persian language was introduced into the subcontinent a few centuries later by various Persianized Central Asian Turkic and Afghan dynasties including that of Mahmud of Ghazni. The Turko-Afghan Delhi Sultanate established Persian as its official language, a policy continued by the Mughal Empire, which extended over most of northern South Asia from the 16th to 18th centuries and cemented", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "2697293", "text": "the Urdu Defence Association and the Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu, committed to the perpetuation of Urdu. All these colleagues led efforts that resulted in the adoption of Urdu as the official language of the Hyderabad State and as the medium of instruction in the Osmania University. To Muslims in northern and western India, Urdu had become an integral part of political and cultural identity. However, the division over the use of Hindi or Urdu further provoked communal conflict between Muslims and Hindus in India. On 1 April 1869 he went, along with his son Syed Mahmood, to England, where he was awarded", "title": "Syed Ahmad Khan" }, { "id": "4442598", "text": "Hindi Belt The Hindi Belt or Hindi Desh, sometimes referred to as the Hindi-Urdu Region, is a linguistic region in north-central India where Hindi (and the various languages/dialects grouped under it) and Urdu are widely spoken. Hindi belt is sometimes also used to refer to nine Indian states whose official language is Hindi and have a Hindi-speaking majority, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand , Uttar Pradesh and National Capital Territory of Delhi. Hindi is part of the Indo-Aryan dialect continuum that lies within the cultural Hindi Belt in the northern plains of India. Hindi", "title": "Hindi Belt" }, { "id": "1590614", "text": "lists 22 languages, which have been referred to as scheduled languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and Odia. On 19 July 2018, the Knesset passed a basic law under the title , which defines Hebrew as \"the State's language\" and Arabic as a language with \"a special status in the State\" (article 4). The law further says that it should not be interpreted as compromising the status of the Arabic language in practice prior to the enactment of the", "title": "Official language" }, { "id": "8972074", "text": "of Urdu's counterpart Hindi as the Indian union's official language since 1950, the higher number of Hindi-speakers in India leading to the suppression of Urdu, the partition of India and Urdu's national language status in Pakistan overshadowing the language's prospects in India, as well as the lack of many schools in India teaching Urdu as a medium of instruction. Urdu movement The Urdu movement was a socio-political movement aimed at making Urdu the universal language and symbol of the cultural and political identity of the Muslim communities of the South Asia during the British Raj. The movement began with the", "title": "Urdu movement" }, { "id": "8945614", "text": "India its adoption as the official language of Pakistan. Urdu Defence Association The Urdu Defence Association was an organisation developed by Mohsin-ul-Mulk, starting in 1900, for the advocacy of Urdu as the \"lingua franca\" of the Muslim community of India. The association is regarded as an offshoot of the Aligarh Movement. Main article, Urdu During the last days of the Muslim rule in Indian Sub-continent, Urdu (with Perso-Arabic script) emerged as the most common language of the northwestern provinces of India. Its vocabulary developed under Persian, Arabic, Turkic, Sanskrit, and Pashto influence. Urdu had taken almost 900 years to develop", "title": "Urdu Defence Association" }, { "id": "441107", "text": "of Pakistan was established with the intent to construct a homeland for Islamic believers. Several languages and dialects spoken throughout the regions of Pakistan produced an imminent need for a uniting language. Because Urdu was the symbol of Islamic identity in Northern India, it was selected as the national language for Pakistan. While Urdu and Islam together played important roles in developing the national identity of Pakistan, disputes in the 1950s (particularly those in East Pakistan), challenged the necessity for Urdu as a national symbol and its practicality as the lingua franca. The significance of Urdu as a national symbol", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "2489018", "text": "The Official Languages Act gives the Governor a similar power, subject to similar conditions, in relation to the language in which the High Court's judgments will be delivered. Four states—Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan— have been granted the right to conduct proceedings in their High Courts in their official language, which, for all of them, was Hindi. However, the only non-Hindi state to seek a similar power—Tamil Nadu, which sought the right to conduct proceedings in Tamil in its High Court—had its application rejected by the central government earlier, which said it was advised to do so by", "title": "Languages with official status in India" }, { "id": "8945613", "text": "committed to the perpetuation of Urdu. Sir Syed's protégé Shibli Nomani led efforts that resulted in the adoption of Urdu as the official language of the Hyderabad State and as the medium of instruction in the Osmania University. To Muslims in northern and western India, Urdu had become an integral part of political and cultural identity. However, the division over the use of Hindi or Urdu further provoked communal conflict between Muslims and Hindus in India. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk's patronage of Urdu led to its widespread use amongst Indian Muslim communities and following the partition of", "title": "Urdu Defence Association" }, { "id": "12092994", "text": "entire Ramayana), Nautanki, Naqal (mimicry) and Qawwali. The Bhatkhande Music Institute is situated in Lucknow. The common state-languages of Uttar Pradesh are standard Hindi. While standard Hindi (Khari boli) is the official language, several important regional Hindi 'dialects' are spoken in the state and among these are: Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Braj, Bagheli and Bundeli, besides several local dialects that do not have a formal name. Urdu is prominent in Uttar Pradesh as Lucknow was once the centre of Indo-Persianate culture in north India. The language of Lucknow (\"Lakhnavi Urdu\") is a form of high literary Urdu. Dr. Parichay Das is path-breaker", "title": "Culture of Uttar Pradesh" }, { "id": "4897330", "text": "of India, based on the unanimous recommendation of a panel of linguists. (Indian Express, New Delhi, 3 August 1969). Dogri is one of the state languages of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. On 22 December 2003, in a major milestone for the official status of the language, Dogri was recognized as a national language of India in the Indian constitution. In Pakistan, the language (under the name \"Pahari\") continues to thrive, but is not known to have received official patronage to date. The Alami Pahari Adabi Sangat (Global Pahari Cultural Association) is a Pakistani organization dedicated to the", "title": "Dogri language" }, { "id": "2064776", "text": "the Southern dialects; these dialects are spoken mainly in the Peloponnese, the Ionian Islands, Attica, Crete and the Cyclades. Two standardised registers of the Hindustani language have legal status India: Standard Hindi (one of 23 co-official national languages) and Urdu (Pakistan’s official tongue), resultantly, Hindustani often called “Hindi-Urdu\". \"An Caighdeán Oifigiúil\" (\"The Official Standard\"), often shortened to \"An Caighdeán\", is official standard of the Irish language. It is taught in most schools in Ireland, though with strong influences from local dialects. It was first published by the translators in Dáil Éireann in the 1950s. As of September 2013, the first", "title": "Standard language" }, { "id": "2158882", "text": "Sindhi language Sindhi (, , , ਸਿੰਧੀ), is an Indo-Aryan language of the historical Sindh region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, spoken by the Sindhi people. It is the official language of the Pakistani province of Sindh. In India, Sindhi is one of the scheduled languages officially recognized by the central government, though Sindhi is not an official language of any of the states in India. Most Sindhi speakers are concentrated in Pakistan in the Sindh province, and in India, the Kutch region of the state of Gujarat and in the Ulhasnagar region of the state of", "title": "Sindhi language" }, { "id": "14794606", "text": "Empire, the development of Urdu was further strengthened and started to emerge as a new language. The official language of the Ghurids, Delhi Sultanate, the Mughal Empire, and their successor states, as well as the cultured language of poetry and literature, was Persian, while the language of religion was Arabic. Most of the Sultans and nobility in the Sultanate period were Turks from Central Asia who spoke Turkic as their mother tongue. The Mughals were also from Central Asia, they spoke Turkish as their first language; however the Mughals later adopted Persian. Persian became the preferred language of the Muslim", "title": "Islam in Uttar Pradesh" }, { "id": "2661917", "text": "of Pakistan's government, civil services, and military, however, were dominated by personnel from the western wing of the Dominion of Pakistan. In 1947, a key resolution at a national education summit in Karachi advocated Urdu as the sole state language, and its exclusive use in the media and in schools. Opposition and protests immediately arose. Students from Dhaka rallied under the leadership of Abul Kashem, the secretary of Tamaddun Majlish, a Bengali Islamic cultural organisation. The meeting stipulated Bengali as an official language of the Dominion of Pakistan and as a medium of education in East Bengal. However, the Pakistan", "title": "Language Movement Day" }, { "id": "1951685", "text": "was a Persianized form of the language known only by its previous and currently less common name Hindustani. This was shortened to 'Urdu' and this term was used for the first time in written records by the poet Mushafi in 1780 (Rahman 2011: 49). It is widely used, both formally and informally, for personal letters as well as public literature, in the literary sphere and in the popular media. It is a required subject of study in all primary and secondary schools. It is the first language of most Muhajirs (Muslim refugees who fled from different parts of India after", "title": "Languages of Pakistan" }, { "id": "314185", "text": "designed to institute a universal language throughout the then British Raj in South Asia as well as minimize the influence that Persia, the Ottoman Empire and Afghanistan had on this transitional region. Urdu is a relatively new language but has undergone considerable modification and development, with many borrowings from older languages such as Persian, Arabic, Turkish and local South Asian languages. It is a standardized register of Hindustani and in its spoken form. It is widely used, both formally and informally, for personal letters as well as public literature, in the literary sphere and in the popular media. It is", "title": "Demographics of Pakistan" }, { "id": "2489000", "text": "Languages with official status in India The Constitution of India designates the official language of the Government of India as Hindi written in the Devanagari script, as well as English. There is no national language as declared by the Constitution of India. Hindi is used for official purposes such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the Central Government and a State Government. States within India have the liberty and powers to specify their own official language(s) through legislation and therefore there are 22 officially recognized languages in India of which Hindi is the most used. The number of native Hindi", "title": "Languages with official status in India" }, { "id": "1951666", "text": "has been described as \"the only language of contemporary India which is recognisably continuous with a classical past.\" The two earliest manuscripts from India, acknowledged and registered by UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 and 2005, are in Tamil. Tamil is an official language of Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka and Singapore. It is also recognized as minority language in Canada, Malaysia, Mauritius and South Africa. After independence, Modern Standard Urdu, the Persianised register of Hindustani became the national language of Pakistan. During British colonial times, a knowledge of Hindustani or Urdu was a", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "20676939", "text": "News18 Urdu News 18 Urdu () is an Indian television network that broadcasts in Urdu and is owned by Network 18 which is owned and operated by Reliance Industries. It was launched on 15 August 2001 by Media Baron Ramoji Rao. It is the first Urdu Language channel of India. On 16 March 2018 ETV Urdu was re-branded News18 Urdu. The Urdu language has long been an integral part of the cultural fabric of India. Some of the Bollywood film industry's legacies come from this language. It is one of the official languages of India. It is not given the", "title": "News18 Urdu" }, { "id": "13984420", "text": "Bihar, Telangana, and Jammu and Kashmir. Following is a list of States and Union Territories of India by speakers of Urdu census data with estimated 2001 speakers. For census data of 1991:GOI census 1991: DISTRIBUTION OF 10,000 PERSONS BY LANGUAGE - INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES - 1991 Following is speaker's strength data of Urdu language for decades of 1971, 1981, 1991 & 2001: Following is ranking data of Urdu language for decades of 1971, 1981, 1991 & 2001: States of India by Urdu speakers As per Government of India census data of 2001, the total number of Urdu speakers", "title": "States of India by Urdu speakers" }, { "id": "15525519", "text": "Khowar alphabet The Khowar alphabet is the right-to-left alphabet used for the Khowar language. It is a modification of the Urdu alphabet, which is itself a derivative of the Persian alphabet and Arabic alphabet, and uses the calligraphic Nastaʿlīq script. The Khowar language developed during the rule of Mehtar of Chitral State.Since the early twentieth century Khowar has been written in the Khowar alphabet, which is based on the Urdu alphabet and uses the Nasta'liq script. Prior to that, the language was carried on through oral tradition. Today Urdu and English are the official languages and the only major literary", "title": "Khowar alphabet" }, { "id": "441090", "text": "received recognition and patronage under British rule when the British replaced the local official languages with English and Hindustani written in Nastaʿlīq script, as the official language in North and Northwestern India. Religious, social, and political factors pushed for a distinction between Urdu and Hindi in India, leading to the Hindi–Urdu controversy. According to Nationalencyklopedin's 2010 estimates, Urdu is the 21st most spoken first language in the world, with approximately 66 million speakers. According to Ethnologue's 2017 estimates, Urdu, along with standard Hindi and the languages of the Hindi belt (as Hindustani), is the 3rd most spoken language in the", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "7586314", "text": "is a literary register of the Hindustani language, derived from the Khariboli dialect of the Hindi languages. A Persianized variant of Hindustani began to take shape during the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 AD) and Mughal Empire (1526–1858 AD) in South Asia. Urdu, along with English, became the first official language of British India in 1850. Urdu was being written, spoken and translated to and from English in all courts, schools, official documents, and government institutes. Although the need to have a language for Hindus developed in the 1850s, the irrevocable momentum of the Hindi language movement occurred around 1880. Urdu is", "title": "Hindi–Urdu controversy" }, { "id": "14056996", "text": "the Kannada language. Kannada is one of the official languages of India and the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka. Based on the recommendations of the Committee of Linguistic Experts, appointed by the Ministry of Culture, the Government of India officially recognised Kannada as a classical language. Tuluvas are the native speakers of Tulu language. They form the dominant ethnic community in the districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi of Karnataka and Kasargod Taluk of Kerala, which is often termed as a single region called as Tulu Nadu. Yakshagana, Nagaradhane, Bootha Kola and Aati kalenja are the", "title": "Karnataka ethnic groups" }, { "id": "13418165", "text": "revised the sultanate's legal code and its justice system, and initiated translation of portions of the Qur'an and several legal and religious into the local language. He strongly urged his government to observe their religion faithfully, and wanted all panditas to learn Arabic, initiating the drafting of a vocabulary of Islamic terms as a preliminary step into making Arabic the official language of the state. Azim ud-Din I of Sulu Muhammad Azim ud-Din I (, Jawi:محمدعلیم الدیند also Muhammad Alimuddin; Christian Name: Don Fernando de Alimuddin) was Sultan of Sulu from 1735 to 1748, and again from 1764 until his", "title": "Azim ud-Din I of Sulu" }, { "id": "441106", "text": "a distinct spiritual identity, Urdu was employed to create a definitive Islamic identity for the Muslim population in India. As Urdu and Hindi became means of religious and social construction for Muslims and Hindus respectively, each register developed its own script. According to Islamic tradition, Arabic, the language spoken by the prophet Muhammad and uttered in the revelation of the Qur'an, holds spiritual significance and power. Because Urdu was intentioned as means of unification for Muslims in Northern India and later Pakistan, it adopted an Arabic script. Urdu continued its role in developing a Muslim identity as the Islamic Republic", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "2489013", "text": "offices. In 2016, the Modi government announced plans to promote Hindi in government offices in Southern and Northeast India. The Indian constitution does not specify the official languages to be used by the states for the conduct of their official functions, and leaves each state free to, through its legislature, adopt Hindi or any language used in its territory as its official language or languages. The language need not be one of those listed in the Eighth Schedule, and several states have adopted official languages which are not so listed. Examples include Kokborok in Tripura and Mizo in Mizoram. The", "title": "Languages with official status in India" }, { "id": "8597754", "text": "computer-based composition. There are efforts under way to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and the internet. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals, and periodicals are composed on computers with Urdu software programs. Urdu and Hindi, an official federal language of India, are different registers of the same language, and thus they are mutually intelligible and can use each other's script to write the other's language. Usage of script generally signifies the user's faith: Muslims generally use the Urdu (Perso-Arabic) script, while Hindus use the Devanagari script. In addition to Pakistan, the Urdu script is official", "title": "Urdu alphabet" }, { "id": "618187", "text": "been internally displaced due to the ongoing violence. The pre-independence Census of 1941 recorded Muslims as constituting 72.41% of the population, and Hindus 25.01%. In the 1961 census, the first one to be conducted after the partition of the State, Muslims constituted 68.31% of the population and Hindus 28.45%. The proportion of Muslims fell to 64.19% by 1981 but recovered afterward, reaching 68.31% again by 2011. In Jammu and Kashmir, the principal spoken languages are Kashmiri, Urdu, Dogri, Hindi, Punjabi, Pahari, Balti, Ladakhi, Gojri, Shina and Pashto. However, Urdu written in the Persian script is the official language of the", "title": "Jammu and Kashmir" }, { "id": "11105915", "text": "golf course. The decrease in violence in the state has boosted the states economy specifically tourism. It was reported that 7.36 lakh tourists visited Kashmir in 2010 including 23,000 foreigners. In 2011, the number of tourist arrivals in Kashmir touched the mark of 10 lakh. The state's official language is Urdu. However, the main languages spoken are Kashmiri in the Kashmir Valley, Ladakhi in Ladakh and Dogri in Jammu. Most people can speak Hindi as a second language. As elsewhere in India, English is fairly widely spoken among the educated classes and those involved in the tourist industry. Flights operate", "title": "Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir" }, { "id": "765206", "text": "Delhi, Chandigarh, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands). In the remaining states Hindi is not an official language. In states like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, studying Hindi is not compulsory in the state curriculum. However an option to take the same as second or third language does exist. In many other states, studying Hindi is usually compulsory in the school curriculum as a third language (the first two languages being the state's official language and English), though the intensiveness of Hindi in the curriculum varies. Urdu, also a major standardized register of Hindustani, is also one of the languages recognized", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "8972065", "text": "to change the Perso-Arabic script of the official language to Devanagari and adopt Hindi as the second official language on demand of Hindu activists. Muslim politician Sir Syed Ahmed Khan became the most vocal opponent of this change. He viewed Urdu as the \"lingua franca\" of Muslims. Having been developed by Muslim rulers of India, Urdu was used as a secondary language to Persian, the official language of the Mughal court. Since the decline of the Mughal dynasty, Sir Syed promoted the use of Urdu through his own writings. Under Sir Syed, the Scientific Society of Aligarh translated Western works", "title": "Urdu movement" }, { "id": "508682", "text": "Telugu language Telugu (; ) is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and the union territories of Puducherry (Yanam) by the Telugu people and it is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. It stands alongside Hindi, English and Bengali as one of the few languages with official primary language status in more than one Indian state. There are also significant linguistic minorities in neighbouring states. It is one of six languages designated a classical language of India by the country's government. Telugu ranks fourth among the languages with the highest number of native", "title": "Telugu language" }, { "id": "765201", "text": "a wide spectrum of dialects and registers, with the highly Persianised Urdu at one end of the spectrum and a heavily Sanskrit-based dialect, spoken in the region around Varanasi, at the other end. In common usage in India, the term \"Hindi\" includes all these dialects except those at the Urdu spectrum. Thus, the different meanings of the word \"Hindi\" include, among others: Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and an officially recognised regional language of India. Urdu is the official language of all Pakistani provinces and is taught in all schools as a compulsory subject up to the 12th", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "9617175", "text": "met. Pakistan uses English (Pakistani English) and Urdu as official languages. Although Urdu serves as the national language and lingua franca and is understood by most of the population, it is natively spoken by only 8% of the population. English is not natively used as a first language, but, for official purposes, about 49% of the population is able to communicate in some form of English. However, major regional languages like Punjabi (spoken by the majority of the population), Sindhi, Pashto, Saraiki, Hindko, Balochi, Brahui and Shina have no official status at the federal level. Article XIV, Sections 6–9 of", "title": "Linguistic rights" }, { "id": "2616209", "text": "the plateau, and speak various languages that belong to both the Indo-Aryan and Dravidian families of languages. Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language, is the main language of the north-western Deccan in the state of Maharashtra. Speakers of Telugu and Kannada, the predominant languages of Andhra Pradesh,and Karnataka respectively, occupy those states' portions of the plateau. The city of Hyderabad is an important center of the Urdu language in the Deccan; its surrounding areas also host a notable population of Urdu speakers. The Urdu dialect spoken in this region is also known as Dakhini or as \"Deccani,\" named after the region itself.", "title": "Deccan Plateau" }, { "id": "1951653", "text": "a dialect of Hindi, the Hindi belt. Hindi (or Hindustani) is the native language of most people living in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan. \"Modern Standard Hindi\", a standardised language is the official language of the Union of India. In addition, it is one of only two languages used for business in Parliament however the Rajya Sabha now allows all 22 official languages on the Eighth Schedule to be spoken. Hindustani, evolved from \"khari boli\" (खड़ी बोली), a prominent tongue of Mughal times, which itself evolved from Apabhraṃśa, an intermediary", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "408337", "text": "Tamil is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka, along with Sinhala. It was once given nominal official status in the Indian state of Haryana, purportedly as a rebuff to Punjab, though there was no attested Tamil-speaking population in the state, and was later replaced by Punjabi, in 2010. In Malaysia, 543 primary education government schools are available fully in Tamil medium. The establishments of Tamil medium schools have been currently in process in Myanmar to provide education completely in Tamil language by the Tamils who settled there 200 years ago. Tamil is taught in Canada for", "title": "Tamil language" }, { "id": "1951681", "text": "Languages of Pakistan Pakistan is home to many dozens of languages spoken as first languages. Five languages have more than 10 million speakers each in Pakistan – Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki and Urdu. Almost all of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. Pakistan's national language is Urdu, which, along with English, is also the official language. The country also has several regional languages, including Punjabi, Saraiki, Pashto, Sindhi, Balochi, Kashmiri, Hindko, Brahui, Shina, Balti, Khowar, Dhatki, Haryanvi, Marwari, Wakhi and Burushaski. Four of these are provincial languages – Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, and Balochi. The", "title": "Languages of Pakistan" }, { "id": "337794", "text": "some of the more prominent poets and writers from India. When Pakistan was created in 1947, although Punjabi was the majority language in West Pakistan and Bengali the majority in East Pakistan and Pakistan as whole, English and Urdu were chosen as the national languages. The selection of Urdu was due to its association with South Asian Muslim nationalism and because the leaders of the new nation wanted a unifying national language instead of promoting one ethnic group's language over another. Broadcasting in Punjabi language by Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation decreased on TV and radio after 1947. Article 251 of the", "title": "Punjabi language" }, { "id": "765199", "text": "\"Hindi\" and \"Urdu\" speakers. Minor subtleties in region will also affect the 'brand' of Hindustani, sometimes pushing the Hindustani closer to Urdu or to Hindi. One might reasonably assume that the Hindustani spoken in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (known for its usage of Urdu) and Varanasi (a holy city for Hindus and thus using highly Sanskritised Hindi) is somewhat different. Standard Hindi, one of the official languages of India, is based on the Kharibol dialect of the Delhi region and differs from Urdu in that it is usually written in the indigenous Devanagari of India and exhibits less Persian and Arabic", "title": "Hindustani language" }, { "id": "1951686", "text": "independence of Pakistan in 1947), who form nearly 8% of Pakistan's population, and is an acquired second language for the rest. As Pakistan's national language, Urdu has been promoted to promote national unity. It is written with a modified form of the Perso-Arabic alphabet—usually in Nastaliq script. Punjabi (پنجابی) is spoken as a first language by more than 44% of Pakistanis, mostly in Punjab. Speakers of Saraiki and Hindko have previously been included in the Punjabi totals. The standard Punjabi variety is from the Lahore, Sialkot, Gujranwala and Sheikhupura districts and it is written in the Shahmukhi script with the", "title": "Languages of Pakistan" }, { "id": "2661922", "text": "Amin refused the requests. On 7 May 1954, the constituent assembly resolved, with the Muslim League's support, to grant official status to Bengali. Bengali was recognised as the second official language of Pakistan on 29 February 1956, and article 214(1) of the constitution of Pakistan was reworded to \"The state language of Pakistan shall be Urdu and Bengali.\" However, the military government formed by Ayub Khan made attempts to re-establish Urdu as the sole national language. On 6 January 1959, the military regime issued an official statement and reinstated the official stance of supporting the 1956 constitution's policy of two", "title": "Language Movement Day" }, { "id": "2641074", "text": "Pakistan's national unity, Urdu must be the official language of Pakistan–East and West. On 21 February 1952, a demonstration in the Bengali Language movement demanding equal and official status to the Bengali language turned bloody, with many fatalities caused by police firings. This demonstration was held when he declared Urdu the National Language of Pakistan, following the previous statement of Muhammad Ali Jinnah that Urdu shall be 'one and only' language of Pakistan. In 1953, a violent religious movement led by far-right Jamaat-e-Islami began to agitate for the removal of the Ahmadi religious minority from power positions, and demanded a", "title": "Khawaja Nazimuddin" }, { "id": "14794607", "text": "elite of north India before the Mughals entered the scene. Babur's mother tongue was a Turkic language and he wrote exclusively in Turkish. His son and successor Humayun also spoke and wrote in this Turkic language. Muzaffar Alam, a noted scholar of Mughal and Indo-Persian history, asserts that Persian became the \"lingua franca\" of the empire under Akbar for various political and social factors due to its non-sectarian and fluid nature. Urdu's vocabulary remains heavily influenced by the Persian language. Since the 1800s, English started to replace Persian as the official language in India and it also contributed to influence", "title": "Islam in Uttar Pradesh" }, { "id": "9772325", "text": "National Language Promotion Department The National Language Promotion Department ( — , ), formerly known as the National Language Authority (or Urdu Language Authority) is an autonomous regulatory institution established in 1979 to support the advancement and promotion of Urdu which is the national language of Pakistan. Its status now has been changed to attached department. Initially it was aimed at creating a synergy between national and provincial governments and institutions for using Urdu language. However, with time, it expanded its horizons to include standardisation and linguistic aspects such as orthography and lexicography. It also provides recommendations for maximizing use", "title": "National Language Promotion Department" }, { "id": "19331478", "text": "1972 Language violence in Sindh 1972 Language violence in Sindh occurred starting on 7 July, 1972 when the Sindh Assembly passed The Sind Teaching, Promotion and Use of Sindhi Language Bill, 1972 which established Sindhi language as the sole official language of the province resulting in language violence in Sindh, Pakistan. The proclamation of Sindhi as the official language of Sindh resulted in the \"Daily Jang\", a Urdu from Karachi, publishing a full-page story on their front page surrounded by a banner with the statement \"Urdu ka janaza hai zara dhoom se nikle\" (It is the funeral of Urdu thus", "title": "1972 Language violence in Sindh" }, { "id": "18000582", "text": "has pointed out that partisan treatment is being meted out to Urdu language in many states of India. One such glaring example highlighted is that in spite of the status of official language in Uttar Pradesh, Urdu is now totally absent from government offices. There are now too few schools in the state where Urdu teaching has remained intact because Urdu teachers have not been inducted since the last 14 years. All this information was furnished in a press statement issued by Irshad Ahmad, the general secretary of the state unit of ‘Urdu Bachao Tahreek’ (Save Urdu Movement) in Uttar", "title": "Save Urdu Movement" }, { "id": "1951678", "text": "the Congress party in Tamil Nadu. Strong cultural pride based on language is also found in other Indian states such as Karnataka, Bengal, Punjab and Maharashtra. To express disapproval of the imposition of Hindi on its states' people as a result of the central government, the government of Maharashtra made the state languages mandatory in educational institutions. The Government of India attempts to assuage these conflicts with various campaigns, coordinated by the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, a branch of the Department of Higher Education, Language Bureau, and the Ministry of Human Resource Development. Most languages in India are", "title": "Languages of India" }, { "id": "7586313", "text": "Hindi–Urdu controversy The Hindi–Urdu controversy is an ongoing dispute—dating back to the 19th century—regarding the status of Hindi and Urdu as a single language, Hindustani (lit \"of \"Hindustan\"\"), or as two dialects of a single language, and the establishment of a single standard language in certain areas of North India. Although this debate was officially settled by a government order in 1950, declaring Hindi as the official language, some resistance remains. The present notion among some Muslims about this dispute is that Hindus abandoned the Urdu language, whereas some Hindus claim that Urdu was artificially created during Muslim rule. Hindi", "title": "Hindi–Urdu controversy" }, { "id": "441095", "text": "policies to counter the previous emphasis on Persian. This triggered a Hindu backlash in northwestern India, which argued that the language should be written in the native Devanagari script. This literary standard called \"Hindi\" replaced Urdu as the official language of Bihar in 1881, establishing a sectarian divide of \"Urdu\" for Muslims and \"Hindi\" for Hindus, a divide that was formalized with the division of India and Pakistan after independence (though there are Hindu poets who continue to write in Urdu to this day, with post-independence examples including Gopi Chand Narang and Gulzar). There have been attempts to \"purify\" Urdu", "title": "Urdu" }, { "id": "5002433", "text": "because of his clout with the Muslims that he had earned by making Urdu as the second official language of the state in 1980. A deft practitioner of populism, Jagannath had earned popularity of lakhs of teachers by taking over hundreds of private primary, middle and high schools across the state in 1977. After leaving Congress, he joined the Nationalist Congress Party and now is a member of Janata Dal (United). On 30 September 2013 a special Central Bureau of Investigation court in Ranchi convicted him, along with 44 others, in the Fodder Scam. He was sentenced to four years", "title": "Jagannath Mishra" }, { "id": "2489023", "text": "states other than Tamil Nadu, by the Official Languages Rules. Communication between states who use Hindi as their official language is required to be in Hindi, whereas communication between a state whose official language is Hindi and one whose is not, is required to be in English, or, in Hindi with an accompanying English translation (unless the receiving state agrees to dispense with the translation). Communication between the union and states which use Hindi as their official language (classified by the Official Language Rules as \"the states in Region A\"), and with persons who live in those states, is generally", "title": "Languages with official status in India" }, { "id": "2649324", "text": "standard Urdu, as well as Dakhini, and most will put Urdu as their mother tongue on official censuses, and surveys as Dakhini has not been recognized as an official language by India. The Urdu language from Delhi was introduced in the Deccan region during Alauddin Khalji invasion in between 1295 AD to 1316 AD. It became more popular in the Deccan plateau during and after Muhammad bin Tughluq shifted the Sultanate capital from Delhi, making the city of Daulatabad the new capital in 1327 AD. As a revolt against the Sultanate, the Bahmani Sultanate was formed in 1347 AD with", "title": "Dakhini" }, { "id": "4651753", "text": "monuments, Qutb Minar, Red Fort, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri and the Taj Mahal. The languages that have official status in one or more of the states and union territories located in North India are Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and English. Different authorities and sources define North India differently. The Northern Zonal Council is one of the advisory councils, created in 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act to foster interstate cooperation under the Ministry of Home Affairs, which included the states of Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Rajasthan. The Ministry of Culture established the \"North Culture Zone\"", "title": "North India" }, { "id": "10113173", "text": "to be 15.54 births and 1.99 deaths per 1,000 people. Dubai has a culture that is Arabian, Emirati, and Islamic. Dubai's official language is Arabic, but English is the lingua franca and is more commonly used than Arabic in the daily communications between the city's residents. Malayalam, Sindhi, Hindi, Tamil, Balochi, Tagalog, Persian, Urdu, Bengali and Kurdish are also widely spoken. Article 7 of the UAE's Provisional Constitution declares Islam the official state religion of the Union. The Government funds or subsidizes almost 95 percent of Sunni mosques and employs all Sunni imams; approximately 5 percent of Sunni mosques are", "title": "Demographics of Dubai" } ]

[ "Alex Rodriguez" ]

[ { "id": "9764175", "text": "Dodgers agreed on a seven-year, $215 million, contract extension. The deal was the richest in MLB history for a pitcher, eclipsing the seven-year, $180 million, contract signed by Justin Verlander the previous year. The average annual value of $30.7 million was also the largest ever for a baseball player, beating the $28 million Roger Clemens received in 2007 and the 10-year, $275 million contract that Alex Rodriguez signed that same year. Kershaw made his fourth straight opening day start for the Dodgers in 2014, only the fourth Dodger ever to do so. This season the game was played at the", "title": "Clayton Kershaw" }, { "id": "1721168", "text": "February 2012, Henry returned to Red Bulls to prepare for the 2012 season. His base salary of $5 million ($5.6 million guaranteed) made him the highest-paid player in the MLS—surpassing David Beckham, who had taken a salary cut for his last year with the Los Angeles Galaxy. In 2013, Henry's base salary dropped to $3.75 million setting him behind Robbie Keane's $4 million base salary. With bonuses, however, Henry remained the highest-paid player with $4.35 million compared to Keane's $4.33 million. On 31 March 2012, Henry scored his first MLS hat-trick in a 5–2 Red Bulls win over the Montreal", "title": "Thierry Henry" }, { "id": "20729616", "text": "at the time. Katz also helped Aaron Boone successfully transition to the managerial side of baseball, negotiating a three-year, $4 million contract for Boone as manager of the New York Yankees in 2018. Today, Katz represents over 30 current Major and Minor League Baseball players, including Hanley Ramirez, Jeff Samardzija, Kenley Jansen, Bartolo Colon, Kenta Maeda, Yuli Gurriel, Edinson Volquez, Julio Teheran, Jose Quintana and Addison Reed. In 2017, Katz was the 10th-highest-earning baseball agent, according to Forbes. Notable recent contracts negotiated Addison Reed (2018) 2 years, $16.5 million Kenley Jansen (2016) 5 years, $80 million Yulieski Gurriel (2016) 5", "title": "Adam Katz" }, { "id": "2292822", "text": "than $100 million was the 2008 Philadelphia Phillies (payroll $98.26 million); this can be explained by the fact that the majority of elite players require high salaries when they hit free agency (unless their team extends their contract beforehand), and teams with those players generally perform better. While a top tier payroll increases a team's chances of making the playoffs, it does not guarantee they will consistently win championships. On the other hand, the New York Yankees have consistently had the highest total payroll in MLB, and they have appeared in 40 of the 113 World Series for 27 wins", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "41874", "text": "American and National Leagues. The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979, when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received an equal number of points. There have been 18 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes. The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22, followed by the St. Louis Cardinals with 17 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following three teams: Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Mets, and Tampa Bay Rays. In recent decades, pitchers have rarely won the award. When Justin Verlander won the AL award in 2011,", "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "10454400", "text": "(first overall in 2007). In December 2015, McKinnis negotiated the largest contract in Major League Baseball history for a pitcher when David Price received a seven-year $217 million contract from the Boston Red Sox. This also tied the record for largest average salary ever received by any player at $31 million per year, tying with Miguel Cabrera of the Detroit Tigers. This contract is also the largest contract ever in the history of the Boston Red Sox franchise. In 2012, McKinnis became the first, and only, agent ever to represent both Cy Young Award winners in the same year. David", "title": "Bo McKinnis" }, { "id": "7756268", "text": "during the 30-day negotiation period. The five highest-profile players that have been acquired by MLB teams through the posting system are Ichiro Suzuki, Daisuke Matsuzaka, Yu Darvish, Masahiro Tanaka, and Shohei Ohtani. The first three attracted high bids of $13.125 million, $51.1 million, and $51.7 million respectively. Tanaka was the first player posted under a revised procedure that was in place from 2013 to 2017; he was posted for the maximum $20 million allowed under the new rules. Ohtani was the first player posted under the current procedure; his posting fee of $20 million was grandfathered in under the previous", "title": "Posting system" }, { "id": "6543246", "text": "Uno, merengue hip-hop group; Anthony Romeo Santos, singer and songwriter; Rosanna Tavarez, Rita Indiana, singer and songwriter, singer and television host; Ivan Barias, music producer and songwriter. In September 2017, New York-based rapper Cardi B became the first person of Dominican Republic descent to reach number one in the history of the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, since it was launched in 1958. Dominican Americans have made great strides in the field of baseball, the community's favored sport. Alex Rodriguez, New York-born, is the most well-known Dominican American in this field. He is the highest-paid player in Major League Baseball", "title": "Dominican Americans" }, { "id": "17237595", "text": "successive seasons. In addition, he became the sixth player in MLB history to win Rookie of the Year and MVP within his first two seasons, joining Fred Lynn (both in 1975), Cal Ripken Jr. (1982–83), Ichiro Suzuki (both in 2001), Ryan Howard (2005–06), and Dustin Pedroia (2007–08). Bryant also won the Hank Aaron Award as the National League's most outstanding hitter. Bryant and the Cubs agreed to a $1.05 million contract before the 2017 season, a new record salary for a pre-arbritation player, previously held by Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels who earned $1 million in 2014. In", "title": "Kris Bryant" }, { "id": "374848", "text": "the time. However, Kirk Cousins' new contract average of $28 million per year surpassed Garoppolo's $27.5 million in March 2018, and the Atlanta Falcons' Matt Ryan set the record at $30 million annually. However, Aaron Rodgers' new contract average of $33.5 million per year set the new record for highest paid NFL player in August 2018. During the third week matchup between the 49ers and Kansas City Chiefs, Jimmy Garoppolo tore his ACL, and was ruled out for the rest of the 2018 season. The 49ers have won five Super Bowls, their first three under Bill Walsh. Walsh retired after", "title": "San Francisco 49ers" }, { "id": "797250", "text": "has served as the league's President and Deputy Commissioner since 2006. The average salary for MLS players is $373,094, lower than the average salaries in England's second-tier EFL Championship ($420,000 in 2015), Holland's Eredivisie ($445,000), or Mexico's Liga MX ($418,000 in 2015). The league's minimum player salary increased in 2017 to $65,000 for most players, and roster players #25–30 saw their minimum salary increased to $53,000. MLS salaries are limited by a salary cap, which MLS has had in place since the league's inception in 1996. The purpose of the salary cap is to prevent the team's owners from unsustainable", "title": "Major League Soccer" }, { "id": "9605590", "text": "Giancarlo Stanton's contract with the Miami Marlins (13 years, $325 million), Alex Rodriguez's contracts with New York (10 years, $275 million) and Texas (10 years, $252 million) and Albert Pujols' deal with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (10 years, $240 million). It is the longest guaranteed contract in MLB history. The contract made Votto the highest paid athlete from Canada. On May 13, Votto went 4-for-5 with three home runs and six RBIs, including a walk-off grand slam against the Washington Nationals in a 9–6 win. It was the first time in major league history that a player hit", "title": "Joey Votto" }, { "id": "2402918", "text": "was instituted, each team had one \"Designated Player\" slot with a salary cap charge of $400,000, but no limit on actual salary paid. Since then, the number of Designated Players per team has increased to three, with each counting for $504,375 of cap room in 2018. The league's average salary was about $283,000 per year in 2015, but the median salary was then closer to $110,000. MLS' minimum player salary in 2018 is $67,500 for most players, and for players on the reserve roster (slots #25-28) the minimum salary is $54,500. In 1970, the average salary in Major League Baseball", "title": "Professional sports" }, { "id": "9651924", "text": "million. In the same season, the league's salary cap was US $59.4 million per team, with the salary floor set at US $16 million under the cap. For the , the cap has been set as US $79.5 million, with the floor at US $58.8 million. MLS has lower average salaries and smaller payrolls than the other leagues. MLS kept a strict rein on player salaries until 2007, when MLS introduced the Designated Player Rule, which allows MLS teams to pay higher wages for star players. David Beckham was the first player signed under this rule. The highest MLS payroll", "title": "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada" }, { "id": "2851594", "text": "and after the 1914 season Mack sold Collins to the White Sox for $50,000, the highest price ever paid for a player up to that point and the first of only three times that a reigning MVP was sold or traded (the others being Alex Rodriguez in 2003, and Giancarlo Stanton in 2017 both to the New York Yankees). The Sox paid Collins $15,000 for 1915, making him the third highest paid player in the league, behind Ty Cobb and Tris Speaker. In Chicago, Collins continued to post top-ten batting and stolen base numbers, and he helped the Sox capture", "title": "Eddie Collins" }, { "id": "7714073", "text": "was increased to $368,750 for 2013, $387,500 in 2014, $436,250 in 2015, $457,500 in 2016, and $480,625 in 2017. The budget charge for those who join during the midseason transfer window has remained at one-half of the full-season cap charge since the inception of the rule. The budget charges for younger players have not changed since 2012. The rule is informally named after soccer star David Beckham, in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players of Beckham's caliber. Beckham was the first player to be signed under this rule, signing a lucrative contract with the Los", "title": "Designated Player Rule" }, { "id": "2292820", "text": "the penalty rate decreases to 17.5%, 25% or 40% (depending on prior record over the previous five years) for the next time the tax is paid. The threshold for 2018 is $210 million. The following teams have been subject to luxury tax since 2003: As of 2017, the New York Yankees have paid 61.75% of all luxury tax collected by MLB. Money collected under the MLB luxury tax are apportioned as follows: The first $2,375,400 and 50% of the remaining total are used to fund player benefits, 25% goes to the Industry Growth Fund, and the remaining 25% is used", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "16831285", "text": "contracts in 2011, including Carlos Beltran's $26 million deal with the Cardinals, and Jimmy Rollins’ $33 million deal with the Phillies. Lozano also negotiated a massive 10 year, $225 million extension for Cincinnati Reds first baseman Joey Votto on the eve of the start to the 2012 regular season. Including the 2 years remaining on his previous deal, the total value of the contract is reported to be 12 years and $251.5 million (plus a team option for the 2024 season). It's the largest contract ever awarded to a National League player and the longest guaranteed contract in major league", "title": "Dan Lozano" }, { "id": "3563324", "text": "named the 2009 American League Most Valuable Player by the Baseball Writers' Association of America, with 27 of 28 first place votes. This made Mauer the third catcher in 33 years to win the AL MVP. On March 21, 2010, Mauer agreed to an eight-year contract extension with the Twins worth $184 million, which took effect in the 2011 and ran through the 2018 season. It remains the richest contract in the history of Major League Baseball for a catcher. On July 26, 2010, Mauer hit a home run and drove in a career-high seven runs in the Twins' 19-1", "title": "Joe Mauer" }, { "id": "19765839", "text": "person was responsible for hacking into the Astros' database. Correa has been placed on baseball's permanently ineligible list. Former Cubs' center fielder and free agent Dexter Fowler signed with the Cardinals on December 9, 2016, for $82.5 mil. over 5 years. The contract includes a full no-trade clause. Yadier Molina reached an agreement for a 3-year contract extension on April 2, for a reported $60 million, making him the highest-paid catcher in baseball. He wasn't interested in exercising his 2018 mutual option, which would have been worth $15 million. The average annual value of Giants' catcher Buster Posey's contract is", "title": "2017 St. Louis Cardinals season" }, { "id": "41872", "text": "postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what \"most valuable\" means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters. First basemen, with 34 winners, have won the most MVPs among infielders, followed by second basemen (16), third basemen (15), and shortstops (15). Of the 25 pitchers who have won the award, 15 are right-handed while 10 are left-handed. Walter Johnson, Carl Hubbell, and", "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "2402917", "text": "the average salary of a player in the Championship (the second tier of the English football pyramid) made £195,750 while the average salary for League One and League Two (tiers 3 and 4) combined were £49,600. The highest salary in Major League Soccer in 2018 is the $7.1 million paid to Italian international Sebastian Giovinco, who plays for Toronto FC. Giovinco was signed as a beneficiary of MLS' Designated Player Rule, which was instituted in 2007 for the express purpose of attracting international stars. Now-retired English star David Beckham was the first player signed under its provisions. When the rule", "title": "Professional sports" }, { "id": "2292836", "text": "was that each team could now sign one player whose salary did not count against the cap, similar to the Designated Player Rule in MLS. The player so designated, which the Premiership calls an \"excluded player\", had to meet one of the following three criteria: For the 2014–15 season, the cap increased to £4.76 million before academy credits and up to £5 million with credits. Other features of the cap remained unchanged. Several significant changes were introduced for the 2015–16 season: The cap later increased to a base of £6.5 million with maximum academy credits of £600,000 for the 2016–17", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "15220676", "text": "$9 million to Tottenham Hotspur for Clint Dempsey, captain of the U.S. national team and considered one of the best American players to date. The Sounders agreed to pay Dempsey the fourth-largest salary to date in MLS, approximately $5 million per year until 2016. Seattle Sounders continued breaking the MLS attendance record for the fourth and fifth consecutive year in 2012 and 2013 with the average crowd of 43,144 and 44,038 respectively. After a disappointing 2013 season, the Sounders replaced starting goalkeeper Michael Gspurning with Toronto's Stefan Frei. Several veteran players, including Eddie Johnson, Patrick Ianni, Jhon Kennedy Hurtado, Mauro", "title": "History of professional soccer in Seattle" }, { "id": "274558", "text": "Year for 2014. In 2017, he became a part owner of the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball. \"Forbes\" designated Jordan as the athlete with the highest career earnings in 2017. From his Jordan Brand income and endorsements, Jordan's 2015 income was an estimated $110 million, the most of any retired athlete. , his current net worth is estimated at $1.7 billion by \"Forbes\". Jordan is the third-richest African-American as of 2018, behind Robert F. Smith and Oprah Winfrey. Jordan co-owns an automotive group which bears his name. The company has a Nissan dealership in Durham, North Carolina, acquired in", "title": "Michael Jordan" }, { "id": "1689094", "text": "Most Valuable Player (MVP) Awards, ten Silver Slugger Awards, and two Gold Glove Awards. Rodríguez is the career record holder for grand slams with 25. He signed two of the most lucrative sports contracts in history, but his career was highly controversial. He incurred criticism from the media for his use of performance-enhancing drugs. The Mariners selected Rodriguez first overall in the 1993 MLB draft, and he debuted in the major leagues the following year at the age of 18. In 1996, he became the Mariners' starting shortstop, won the major league batting championship, and finished second in voting for", "title": "Alex Rodriguez" }, { "id": "14643524", "text": "supplement their strong pitching and defense, including Garrett Jones, Casey McGehee, Jarrod Saltalamacchia and Rafael Furcal. The Marlins finished 77–85 in 2014, losing both José Fernández and Giancarlo Stanton to major injuries. After the season's conclusion, Stanton was signed to the largest contract in MLB history: 13 years and $325 million. The Marlins then acquired Aaron Crow from the Kansas City Royals, Dee Gordon and Dan Haren from the Los Angeles Dodgers, and Mat Latos from the Cincinnati Reds and then signed free agents Michael Morse and Ichiro Suzuki, who became the first-ever Japanese-born Marlin in franchise history. With the", "title": "History of the Miami Marlins" }, { "id": "7642029", "text": "Marlins for reigning National League Most Valuable Player Giancarlo Stanton. A right fielder who bats right-handed, Stanton hit 59 home runs and drove in 132 runs--both major league highs--in 2017; his contract is the largest player contract in the history of professional sports in North America. On December 12, the Yankees traded third baseman Chase Headley and right-handed pitcher Bryan Mitchell to the San Diego Padres for outfielder Jabari Blash; following the move, Yankees GM Brian Cashman stated that the trade \"create[d] payroll flexibility\".On September 28, 2018 the Yankees tied the record for the most HR's in a season with", "title": "New York Yankees" }, { "id": "2292818", "text": "originally a 10-year deal but allowed either side to opt out in 2017. The \"amnesty\" provision was eliminated in the 2017 CBA, which was agreed to by the owners and players shortly before the opt-out date. The salary floor, previously 75% of the cap, increased to 85% in 2011–12 and 2012–13, and 90% in future years. Instead of a salary cap, Major League Baseball implements a luxury tax (also called a competitive balance tax), an arrangement in which teams whose total payroll exceeds a certain figure (determined annually) are taxed on the excess amount in order to discourage large market", "title": "Salary cap" }, { "id": "5230902", "text": "Arizona Diamondbacks, Brendan Donnelly of the 2002 Anaheim Angels and Kevin Millar of the 2004 Boston Red Sox. The names or likenesses of replacement players may also not be published in officially licensed video and tabletop games. Arguably the largest impact was to the Montreal Expos. The strike nearly destroyed the franchise. Not only did their dream season (first in MLB, six games ahead of the Atlanta Braves in the NL East) end abruptly, they were forced to lower payroll and sell off their four highest paid stars (Marquis Grissom, Ken Hill, Larry Walker, and John Wetteland) in the span", "title": "1994–95 Major League Baseball strike" }, { "id": "9605589", "text": "led the NL in doubles (40), bases on balls (110) and on-base percentage (.416). On November 1, Votto won his first Gold Glove Award. He finished sixth in the NL MVP voting. On April 2, 2012, Votto signed a 10-year, $225 million contract extension with the Reds, running through the 2024 season. The deal includes the two years that remained on his previous contract and pushes the total worth of the contract to 12 years and $251.5 million, the longest active deal in baseball. The deal (including the one-year team option), is the fifth-largest deal in MLB history, behind only", "title": "Joey Votto" }, { "id": "4921440", "text": "choosing between two cars. , NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared", "title": "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "10727744", "text": "the 2008 team. On December 6, 2013 the Seattle Mariners came to an agreement with former Yankee superstar second baseman Robinson Canó. The contract was to last for 10 years at approximately $240 million, making Cano the third highest paid baseball player in history, trailing Alex Rodriguez' 10-year, $275 million deal in 2008, and tied with Albert Pujols' 10-year, $240 million deal in 2012. In 2014, the Mariners had their first winning season since 2009, putting up an 87–75 record, and stayed in playoff contention until the final game of the season, when the Oakland Athletics beat the Texas Rangers", "title": "History of the Seattle Mariners" }, { "id": "9651923", "text": "enacted only modest forms of revenue sharing and luxury taxes. Compared to the other leagues, there is a far greater disparity between MLB payrolls. The New York Yankees had the highest payroll of any American sports team in 2006 when they paid $194 million in players' salaries – nearly twice the NFL salary cap and nearly thirteen times the payroll of the Florida Marlins who spent about $15 million (significantly less than the mandatory minimum team payrolls in the NFL and NHL). For the 2010–11 NHL season, the average player salary was slightly above the pre-lockout level of US $1.8", "title": "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada" }, { "id": "5904654", "text": "one-year contract worth the average value of the top 120 player contracts for that year (in 2015, the value of the qualifying offer was $15.8 million). The 2013 draft saw major changes to the compensation rules. This was implemented as part of the most recent collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between MLB and its players' union, which took effect with the 2012 season. Before the 2013 draft, free agents were ranked by the Elias Sports Bureau based on their previous two years of playing, and against players of similar positions. Players were categorized as either Type A or Type B, or", "title": "Major League Baseball draft" }, { "id": "7642043", "text": "behind Real Madrid of La Liga, Manchester United of the Premier League and Barcelona of La Liga, a value of $2.3 billion. In 2017, \"Forbes\" magazine ranked the Yankees as the most valuable MLB team at $3.7 billion, up 9% from 2016, with the average MLB team worth $1.54 billion. With the long-term success of the franchise and a large Yankee fanbase, many fans of other teams have come to dislike the Yankees. The organization is sometimes referred to by detractors as \"the Bronx Zoo\" (echoing the title of Sparky Lyle's book) or \"the Evil Empire.\" When the Yankees are", "title": "New York Yankees" }, { "id": "5761669", "text": "previous deal and including a team option for 2020. The contract made him the highest paid pitcher in Major League history, until he was surpassed by the $180 million extension signed by Justin Verlander of the Detroit Tigers in March 2013. On April 22 in a 7–1 win against the Houston Astros, Hernández recorded his 100th career win. In that game Hernández pitched six innings allowed five hits, walked one and struck out nine. On July 6, 2013, Hernández was selected to his fourth All-star game. He pitched in the fourth inning, and let up one hit, but no runs", "title": "Félix Hernández" }, { "id": "4676382", "text": "Rawlings Platinum Glove Award, bestowed upon one player in each league. For the second time in his career, he won MVP consideration; he finished tied for 21st for the NL MVP balloting. On March 1, 2012, Molina signed a five-year extension with the Cardinals worth $75 million through 2017. The contract included a $1 million signing bonus, no-trade clause, and a mutual option for 2018 worth another $15 million. The deal made him the second-highest-paid catcher in the majors. He collected his tenth career four-hit game against the Brewers on April 29 with a two-run home run that led the", "title": "Yadier Molina" }, { "id": "19732799", "text": "14 as part of a day-night Sunday doubleheader. Glover and Kelley were activated from the disabled list on May 12, with Cole and Grace being optioned to Syracuse, but Grace returned days later after reliever Joe Blanton was placed on the disabled list with right shoulder inflammation on May 17 after a string of poor performances out of the bullpen. On May 13, the Nationals announced they had reached a one-year deal for the 2018 season with right fielder Bryce Harper at $21.625 million — the highest salary for an arbitration-eligible player in MLB history — effectively buying out Harper's", "title": "2017 Washington Nationals season" }, { "id": "6831377", "text": "AL Cy Young Award race. Verlander collected 149 points (12 first-place votes) to Price's 153 points (13 first-place votes). Verlander won (tie with David Price) his second consecutive AL Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award. Prior to the 2013 season, Verlander and the Tigers reached an agreement on a seven-year, $180 million contract, with a $22 million vesting option for 2020 if he finishes in the top five in Cy Young Award voting in 2019. This contract made him the highest-paid pitcher in MLB history. Verlander made his sixth-consecutive Opening Day start for the Tigers against the Minnesota Twins", "title": "Justin Verlander" }, { "id": "20729615", "text": "his clients winning MVP awards: Sammy Sosa (1998), Ken Caminiti (1996), Mo Vaughn (1995) and Willie McGee (1985). As part of the Reich, Katz & Landis Baseball Group, Katz also represented Hall of Famer Tim Raines as well as All-Stars Andy Ashby, Bret Boone, Chili Davis, Tony Fernandez, Steve Sax, Aaron Sele, Omar Vizquel and John Wetteland. Among Katz's notable contracts are Carlos Lee’s $100 million contract with the Houston Astros in 2007, the largest in franchise history at the time, and Mo Vaughn's $80 million contract with the Angels in 1999, which made Vaughn the highest-paid player in baseball", "title": "Adam Katz" }, { "id": "2381614", "text": "won his first Silver Slugger, Gold Glove, and Player of the Year Awards from \"The Sporting News\", Associated Press, \"Baseball Digest\", and \"USA Today\" \"Baseball Weekly.\" \"Crazy stuff happened that year\", Bagwell recalled of his 1994 season. \"Every pitch that I was looking for, I got. And when I got it, I didn't miss it.\" The Astros and Bagwell agreed to a four-year contract on November 23, 1994, worth $27.5 million (USD, $ million today) with the three option years. The average annual value of $6.875 million ($ million today) made him the fifth-highest paid player in the majors. The", "title": "Jeff Bagwell" }, { "id": "41873", "text": "Hal Newhouser are the only pitchers who have won multiple times, Newhouser winning consecutively in 1944 and 1945. Hank Greenberg, Stan Musial, Alex Rodriguez, and Robin Yount have won at different positions, while Rodriguez is the only player who has won the award with two different teams at two different positions. Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times) and the most consecutively (four: 2001–04). Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win multiple times; 9 players have won three times, and 19 have won twice. Frank Robinson is the only player to win the award in both the", "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "4298177", "text": "\"always\" wanted to play in the United States, and cited the Brazilian owner Flávio Augusto da Silva as a reason for signing. Until Orlando entered the league in 2015, Kaká was loaned to his first club São Paulo, which he called \"really satisfying.\" By signing for Orlando City, Kaká became the highest-paid player in MLS history, with a base salary of US$6.6 million per year, and with a guaranteed compensation of $7.2 million per year. On 3 July 2014, Kaká arrived at São Paulo and began training the next day. He made his comeback in a league match against Goiás", "title": "Kaká" }, { "id": "20185834", "text": "unavailable. Sixteen players from the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers Major League Baseball (MLB) organization have won the MVP Award, more than any other, followed by the San Diego Padres organization (7); the California/Los Angeles Angels, Minnesota Twins, and San Francisco Giants organizations (5); the St. Louis Cardinals organization (4); the Kansas City/Oakland Athletics and Milwaukee Brewers organization (3); the Arizona Diamondbacks, Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, Cincinnati Reds, Pittsburgh Pirates, Seattle Mariners, and Tampa Bay Devil Rays organizations (2); and the Chicago Cubs, Cleveland Indians, Colorado Rockies, Florida Marlins, Houston Astros, and New York Mets organizations (1). Six players competed for", "title": "California League Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "7641939", "text": "have been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, including Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, and Whitey Ford. In pursuit of winning championships, the franchise has used a large payroll to attract talent, particularly during the Steinbrenner era. According to \"Forbes\", the Yankees are the second highest valued sports franchise in the United States and the fifth in the world, with an estimated value of approximately $4 billion. The Yankees have garnered enormous popularity and a dedicated fanbase, as well as widespread enmity from fans of other MLB teams. The team's rivalry with the", "title": "New York Yankees" }, { "id": "3603547", "text": "Awards. From 1992 to 1994, Bonilla was the highest-paid player in the league, earning more than $6 million per year. Since 2011, Bonilla has been paid approximately $1.19 million by the New York Mets each year. The 25 payments come every July 1, which some fans refer to as \"Bobby Bonilla Day\". This was part of a deal made when the Mets released Bonilla before the 2000 season while still owing him $5.9 million for the final year of his contract. The deal expires in 2035, at which point Bonilla will have been paid $29.8 million for a season in", "title": "Bobby Bonilla" }, { "id": "2402919", "text": "in the U.S. and Canada was $20,000 ($ inflation-adjusted). By 2005, the average salary had increased to $2,632,655 ($ inflation-adjusted) and the minimum salary was $316,000 (adjusted: $). In 2012 the average MLB salary was $3,440,000, the median salary was $1,075,000, and the minimum salary had grown to four times the inflation-adjusted average salary in 1970 ($480,000). Professional sports Professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, are sports in which athletes receive payment for their performance. Professional athleticism has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, so that sports", "title": "Professional sports" }, { "id": "10727247", "text": "defensive efforts in 2010, in which he only committed one error in the outfield, González won his first Gold Glove. On the offensive side, González received his first Silver Slugger Award. González signed a seven-year, $80.5 million contract extension with the Rockies on January 11, 2011. The contract included a $3 million signing bonus and yearly salaries through 2017 that ramp up to $20 million. It is the largest contract in MLB history for a two-year player. On May 21, 2012, he became the 22nd player in MLB history to hit a home run in four consecutive at-bats, doing this", "title": "Carlos González (baseball)" }, { "id": "49704", "text": "In 2007, Aaron felt the whole steroid use issue was very controversial and decided that he would not attend any possible record-breaking games. Aaron congratulated Bonds through the media including a video played on the scoreboard when Bonds eventually broke Aaron's record in August 2007. Bonds's salary for the 2005 season was $22 million, the second-highest salary in Major League Baseball (the Yankees' Alex Rodriguez earned the highest, $25.2 million). Bonds endured a knee injury, multiple surgeries, and rehabilitation. He was activated on September 12 and started in left field. In his return against the San Diego Padres, he nearly", "title": "Barry Bonds" }, { "id": "5552146", "text": "seasons, joining Cal Ripken, Jr and later joined by Dustin Pedroia and Kris Bryant. Howard received the Babe Ruth Home Run Award for leading MLB in home runs. He also received the Pride of Philadelphia Award from the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame. Howard received the NLBM Oscar Charleston Legacy Award (NL MVP) and the NLBM Josh Gibson Legacy Award (NL home-run leader). The Philadelphia Baseball Writers' Association of America awarded him the third annual Mike Schmidt Most Valuable Player honor. On March 2, 2007, the Phillies renewed Howard's contract in a one-year deal for $900,000, the highest salary ever", "title": "Ryan Howard" }, { "id": "3402411", "text": "the MLB. Against the $195 million threshold + $13 million for player benefits, payrolls for the Los Angeles Dodgers ($244 million), New York Yankees ($209.3 million ), Boston Red Sox ($187.9 million), Detroit Tigers ($190.4 million), San Francisco Giants ($186.4 million) and Chicago Cubs ($199.5 million) were in excess. This was the 15th straight year the New York Yankees paid the luxury tax. In 2018 only two teams met the luxury tax by the MLB: The Boston Red ($9.4 million) and The Washington Nationals ($1.2 million). Several teams came just under the $197 million tax threshold: The San Francisco Giants", "title": "Luxury tax (sports)" }, { "id": "9651922", "text": "larger than the other three leagues (many players on NFL rosters see little actual game play), and teams play far fewer games, making their players the lowest paid of the Big Four major leagues. After a brief lockout during the 2011 off-season, the owners and union signed a new CBA that imposed a hard salary cap of $120 million in the 2011 season, but temporarily suspended the salary floor, which returned in the 2013 season at 89% of the cap. MLB is now alone among the major leagues in that it lacks any form of a salary cap and has", "title": "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada" }, { "id": "7714071", "text": "salary using one of the club's Designated Player slots. As of December 2015, there have been 114 designated players in the MLS. The rule is informally named after David Beckham, in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players of Beckham's caliber. Beckham was the first player signed under this rule, signing a five-year contract with the Los Angeles Galaxy with guaranteed annual salary of $6.5 million. The team salary cap was estimated to be around US$1.9 million in 2006, was $2.1 million in 2007, and was raised to $2.3 million for the 2008 season. As part", "title": "Designated Player Rule" }, { "id": "13850750", "text": "their season. In 15 starts in the 2016 season, Carr recorded 3,937 passing yards on a career-high 357 completions and a career-low 560 attempts and 28 touchdowns. He was ranked 11th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. On June 22, 2017, Carr signed a five-year, $125 million contract extension with $40 million fully guaranteed, $70 million in total guarantees and a $12.5 million signing bonus. This deal surpassed Indianapolis Colts quarterback Andrew Luck's contract as the league's highest paid player in terms of average money per year. Carr himself was surpassed that August by", "title": "Derek Carr" }, { "id": "5904648", "text": "routinely exploited this advantage to increase the contracts of his clients. In 1990, Boras client Todd Van Poppel signed a $1.2 million ($ today) contract with Oakland Athletics, after committing to play for the University of Texas. The following year, Boras negotiated a $1.55 million ($ today) contract for Yankees first round pick Brien Taylor, who had said he would attend junior college if he did not receive a contract equal to Van Poppel's. By June 2009, a figure as high as $15 million was floated for collegian pitcher Stephen Strasburg. Increasingly, teams drafted based on whether or not a", "title": "Major League Baseball draft" }, { "id": "2821346", "text": "Lexicon\", written by the 28-year-old \"New York Evening Mail\" newspaper columnist Franklin Pierce Adams in July 1910. Chance helped Evers develop an underhanded throw. Chance took over as Chicago's manager in 1905. His playing time decreased towards the end of the decade. The Cubs won the NL pennant in 1906, 1907, 1908 and 1910, and won the World Series in 1907 and 1908—the team's last World Series titles prior to 2016. He became the highest paid player in baseball, earning as much as $25,000 ($ in current dollar terms) in 1910. Chance's lifetime record as a manager was 946–648 (", "title": "Frank Chance" }, { "id": "1622687", "text": "life. In 2012, Rooney's reported income of US$32.6 million listed him as the world's fifth highest-paid footballer, following Lionel Messi, David Beckham, Cristiano Ronaldo, and Samuel Eto'o. In July 2011, jerseys with Rooney's name and number (Rooney, 10) were the best-selling sports product under the auspices of the Premier League – taking over top spot from Liverpool striker Fernando Torres (Torres, 9) and becoming the first United player to top the list since Cristiano Ronaldo’s number 7 jersey in 2008. During the 2009–10 season, Manchester United sold between 1.2 million and 1.5 million shirts and it is estimated that of", "title": "Wayne Rooney" }, { "id": "19334407", "text": "standard manner. The first $13 million will be used to defray clubs' funding obligations under the MLB Players Benefits Agreements. Of the remaining sum, 50% of the remaining proceeds collected for each Contract Year, with accrued interest, will be used to fund player compensation as described in the MLB Players Benefits Plan Agreements and the other 50% shall be distributed to clubs that did not exceed the Base Tax Threshold in that Contract Year. Major League Baseball also has policies improving the competitive balance off of the field. As a part of their base plan of revenue sharing, each team", "title": "Major League Baseball luxury tax" }, { "id": "10454401", "text": "Price won the award in the American League and R.A. Dickey won the award in the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs. In January 2015, McKinnis negotiated the largest one-year contract in the history of Major League Baseball salary arbitration when David Price received a 2015 salary of $19,750,000 from the Detroit Tigers. McKinnis is one of only two agents to have twice set the record for the largest signing bonus ever given to a drafted pitcher. In 2001, he set the record for the largest signing bonus ever given to a drafted pitcher with Dewon Brazelton receiving $4.2 million", "title": "Bo McKinnis" }, { "id": "2048513", "text": "the Home Run Derby in his home stadium. In , Sandberg batted .291 with 26 home runs and batted in 100 runs for the second consecutive season. He also won his ninth consecutive Gold Glove at second base, breaking a tie he had shared with Bill Mazeroski for most Gold Gloves at that position (Roberto Alomar has since broken this record). On March 2, , Sandberg became the highest paid player in baseball at the time, signing a $28.4 million ($ today) four-year extension worth $7.1 million ($ today) a season. He earned a spot on the NL All-Star roster", "title": "Ryne Sandberg" }, { "id": "20345560", "text": "MLB Network insider Jon Heyman said Ozuna's contract is worth $9 million up from $3.5 million. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reporter Derrick Goold said Wacha's salary almost doubled from $2.775 million to $5.3 million. Tyler Lyons earned $549,800 in 2017, and will receive $1.2 million in 2018. President of Baseball Operations, John Mozeliak said on January 13, that (RHP) Luke Gregerson, 33, will be the new closer, \"going into the season. ... He has experience doing it.\" The former Houston Astro pitcher returns to the Cards' organization with 66 career saves, including 31 for the 2015 Houston Astros that made", "title": "2018 St. Louis Cardinals season" }, { "id": "7714074", "text": "Angeles Galaxy worth up to $250 million over five years, with direct guaranteed compensation from MLS and Galaxy at $6.5 million a year. The rest of Beckham's increased earnings would come from Beckham regaining the entirety of his image rights, of which Real Madrid had owned fifty percent, effectively doubling his existing endorsement income, as well as new endorsement deals, a share of jersey sales, bonuses, etc. Notes Notes Designated Player Rule The Designated Player Rule, nicknamed the Beckham Rule, was adopted as part of the salary cap regulations of Major League Soccer for the 2007 season. The rule allows", "title": "Designated Player Rule" }, { "id": "7118681", "text": "local broadcasters. The Sunday games remain on ESPN only, and with ESPN gaining the rights to \"Monday Night Football\" telecasts, \"Sunday Night Baseball\" currently runs uninterrupted throughout the season. The sport averages $296 million under the new agreement, a television and a baseball official said, speaking on condition of anonymity because of a confidentiality agreement in the deal. ESPN paid baseball $273.5 million in , increasing to $293.5 million in each of the following four years, $308.5 million in 2011 and $306 million in each of the final two seasons. After weeks of speculation and rumors, on July 11, at", "title": "Major League Baseball on cable television" }, { "id": "16831280", "text": "Mets, Albert Pujols’ $240 million deal with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and Joey Votto's $225 million extension with the Cincinnati Reds. Lozano began working as an intern for Beverly Hills Sports Council in 1989, and was made a partner at the firm in 1996 where he remained until his departure in May 2010. During his tenure at the firm, Lozano represented many of the highest profile players in baseball, and negotiated several record setting contracts. In 1998, Lozano negotiated what at the time was the largest contract ever awarded in MLB, Mike Piazza's 7-year $91 million contract with", "title": "Dan Lozano" }, { "id": "734401", "text": "games, getting two walks in the first and a single in the second game. On January 16, 1961, Mantle became the highest-paid player in baseball by signing a $75,000 ($ today) contract. DiMaggio, Hank Greenberg, and Ted Williams, who had just retired, had been paid over $100,000 in a season, and Ruth had a peak salary of $80,000. Mantle became the highest-paid active player of his time. Mantle's top salary was $100,000, which he reached for the 1963 season. Having reached that pinnacle in his 13th season, he never asked for another raise. During the 1961 season, Mantle and teammate", "title": "Mickey Mantle" }, { "id": "386345", "text": "Posey all received Gold Glove awards at the close of the season. On December 6, 2016, the Giants signed closer Mark Melancon to a four-year, $62 million contract. The deal was briefly the largest in MLB history for a relief pitcher, until the signing of Aroldis Chapman to the New York Yankees for five years and $86 million later that offseason. On April 2, 2017, Madison Bumgarner became the first pitcher in MLB history to hit two home runs in an Opening Day matchup, in what would be a 6–5 loss on the road to the Arizona Diamondbacks. Despite the", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "41879", "text": "only significant change since then occurred in 1961, when the number of voters was reduced to two per league city. Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, which became the official name of the award in 1944, in honor of the first MLB commissioner,", "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "797251", "text": "spending on player salaries and to prevent a competitive imbalance among teams. The salary cap survived a legal challenge by the players in the \"Fraser v. Major League Soccer\" lawsuit. The 2017 salary cap increased to $3.845 million per team. Teams may augment their squads by signing players from other leagues. MLS has two transfer windows—the primary pre-season transfer window lasts three months from mid February until mid May, and the secondary mid season transfer window runs one month from early July to early August. When an MLS club sells one of its players overseas, the club and the league", "title": "Major League Soccer" }, { "id": "1537028", "text": "a putting green in the locker room at the newly built Turner Field following the World Series victory. From 1996 to 1998, Maddux finished fifth, second, and fourth in the Cy Young voting. In August 1997, Maddux signed a $57.5-million, five-year contract extension that made him the highest-paid player in baseball. In February 2003, he avoided arbitration by signing a one-year $14.75-million deal. Maddux's production remained consistent: a 19–4 record in 1997, 18–9 in 1998, 19–9 in both 1999 and 2000, 17–11 in 2001, 16–6 in 2002, and 16–11 in 2003, his last season as a Brave. From 1993 to", "title": "Greg Maddux" }, { "id": "865367", "text": "for major league players had nearly doubled. By 2015, the minimum salary was over $500,000 and the average salary was over $4 million. Over time, the MLBPA also succeeded at eliminating the reserve clause and Major League Baseball's exemption from antitrust laws. As a result, players were able to negotiate for the right to veto trades, as well as the right to declare free agency and offer their services to the highest bidder. At the time of Bunning's death, Tony Clark, then serving as MLBPA's executive director, praised Bunning's union activities: \"Recognizing the need to ensure that all players receive", "title": "Jim Bunning" }, { "id": "15772044", "text": "#2 player in baseball, trailing only Trout. On March 16, 2018, Altuve and the Astros agreed to a five-year, $151 million contract extension that would span the 2020–24 seasons. His current contract included a $6 million salary in 2018 and a $6.5 million team option in 2019. It was the largest contract in team history, and he became the sixth player to agree to a contract with an average annual value of $30 million per season or greater. Altuve reached 1,000 games played in his career on April 17, 2018, versus the Seattle Mariners. He became the 20th player to", "title": "José Altuve" }, { "id": "18295600", "text": "February, but selected him for the major league roster out of spring training. In March 2015, \"Forbes\" appraised the Cardinals' outright value at $1.4 billion, making them the 27th-most valuable sports franchise in the world, and sixth-principal franchise in Major League Baseball (MLB). It was an increase from an $800 million pricing and eighth in the echelon in 2014. Their revenue was $294 million while their operating income was $73.6 million, and their overall assessment was approximately $200 million higher than the MLB average of $1.2 billion. Mike Ozanian of \"Forbes\" remarked that the Cardinals were \"baseball's biggest anamoly\", with", "title": "2015 St. Louis Cardinals season" }, { "id": "797253", "text": "the salary cap. Rules concerning Designated Players and allocation money allow for additional wage spending that is exempt from the salary cap. These initiatives have brought about an increase in on-field competition. The designated player (DP) rule allows teams to sign a limited number of players whose salary exceeds the maximum cap, each DP player only counts as $480,625 (the maximum non-DP salary) against the cap in 2017. Instituted in 2007, England's David Beckham was the first signing under the DP rule. The DP rule has led to large income inequality in MLS with top DPs earning as much as", "title": "Major League Soccer" }, { "id": "5170288", "text": "sports. In 1970, players gained the right to have grievances heard by an impartial arbitrator. In 1973, they achieved a limited right to have salary demands subjected to arbitration. MLB is the only professional sport in the U.S. not to have a salary cap. (Although a competitive balance tax has been implemented since 2002, whereby any teams that exceed a mutually agreed upon amount in total salaries are assessed the tax which is paid to MLB and put in an industry growth fund to keep the sport competitive.) Former MLB Commissioner Fay Vincent said upon learning of Miller's death in", "title": "Marvin Miller" }, { "id": "7544029", "text": "announced they had agreed a deal with the team over the transfer of England international Jermain Defoe for a reported fee of £6 million, and an Advertising Rights Agreement with Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. Defoe would earn a reported £90,000 a week, making him the highest earner in MLS. These moves required the trade of Matias Laba to Vancouver to comply with MLS's maximum of three designated players per team. On February 7, 2014, Brazil national team keeper Júlio César joined on loan from Queens Park Rangers. The team started the year with promise, but much like 2010,", "title": "Toronto FC" }, { "id": "3791358", "text": "Joseph Acaba, Fernando Caldeiro, Sidney Gutierrez, José M. Hernández, Michael López-Alegría, John Olivas, and George Zamka, who are current or former astronauts. The large number of Hispanic and Latino American stars in Major League Baseball (MLB) includes players like Ted Williams (considered by many to be the greatest hitter of all time), Alex Rodriguez, Alex Rios, Miguel Cabrera, Lefty Gómez, Iván Rodríguez, Carlos González, Roberto Clemente, Adrian Gonzalez, Jose Fernandez, David Ortiz, Fernando Valenzuela, Nomar Garciaparra, Albert Pujols, Omar Vizquel, managers Al López, Ozzie Guillén and Felipe Alou, and General Manager Omar Minaya. There have been far fewer football and", "title": "Hispanic and Latino Americans" }, { "id": "7780604", "text": "17, Hamels and the Philadelphia Phillies agreed to a one-year, $15 million contract to avoid arbitration. This was the highest salary ever paid to a pitcher eligible for arbitration before free agency. On May 6, Hamels was suspended for five games after hitting Bryce Harper in his lower back with a pitch, after admitting that it was intentional. On July 21, 2012, Hamels hit his first career home run off San Francisco Giants pitcher Matt Cain, who had homered off of him in the top half of the same inning, the first time in MLB since 1990 that two pitchers", "title": "Cole Hamels" }, { "id": "5688173", "text": "Valuable Player category, which was renamed the Most Valuable Major Leaguer in 2014; its current name is the \"Esurance MLB Awards\" Best Major Leaguer. Several players have won the award more than once. Ted Williams, Joe Morgan, Albert Pujols, Miguel Cabrera, and Jose Altuve are the only players to win the award in consecutive years. Ted Williams won the award five times. Sandy Koufax is the only pitcher to win the award more than once. Alex Rodriguez and Barry Bonds are the only players to win the award while playing with different teams. Stan Musial and Alex Rodriguez are the", "title": "Sporting News Player of the Year Award" }, { "id": "7714072", "text": "of the 2010 Collective Bargaining Agreement between MLS and the MLS Players' Union, the 2010 salary cap was $2.55 million, with an automatic five percent increase each year until the expiration of the agreement at the end of the 2014 season. Under the 2007 rule: The 2010 changes: The 2012 changes: Starting with the 2012 season, the rule was changed with respect to younger players. MLS announced the changes in August 2011 after clubs expressed concern about signing young international players with no guarantees that they would develop into stars. The maximum budget charge for Designated Players over age 23", "title": "Designated Player Rule" }, { "id": "7756279", "text": "for two-way star Shohei Ohtani, whom they posted shortly after approval of the new agreement. Future posting fees will be based on the type of contract a player signs and the deal's value. For players signed to MLB contracts, the posting fee is based on the amount of guaranteed money in the initial contract: For players signed to minor-league contracts, the fee will be a flat 25% of the contract's value. The system only applies to players currently under contract with a Japanese team, although players who have nine or more years of playing service with NPB are exempt. It", "title": "Posting system" }, { "id": "16768060", "text": "first time on September 4, 2012. In 2014, Ramos had a 7-0 win-loss record with a 2.11 earned run average. Ramos became the Marlins' closing pitcher in 2015, due to the struggles of Steve Cishek. In 2016, Ramos successfully converted his first 24 save opportunities, setting a franchise record. He was named to appear in the 2016 MLB All-Star Game. Ramos and the Marlins agreed on a $6.55 million salary for the 2017 season. The New York Mets acquired Ramos from the Marlins in exchange for minor leaguers Merandy González and Ricardo Cespedes on July 28, 2017. A.J. Ramos is", "title": "A. J. Ramos" }, { "id": "2041690", "text": "complete games is Warren Spahn, whose total of 382 places him 21st all-time. Through August 27, 2018, the top 10 active players who lead MLB in career complete games are: All pitchers right-handed except Matt Kilroy and Toad Ramsey. The record for complete games in a live-ball season is 33, set at the dawn of the era by Grover Cleveland Alexander in 1920 and Burleigh Grimes in 1923, and also by Dizzy Trout in 1944, when baseball's player pool was severely diluted due to World War II. Complete game In baseball, a complete game (denoted by CG) is the act", "title": "Complete game" }, { "id": "3347305", "text": "Blanco ventured on to Major League Soccer in the United States and signed with Chicago Fire. He was welcomed by 5,000 fans at Toyota Park as he conducted interviews with the media, signed autographs and greeted with fans. He was later voted as a finalist for both the M.V.P. and Newcomer of the Year awards in 2007. Blanco was the 2007 Sierra Mist Goal of the Year Winner which was his first season, goal came in week 20 against RSL. Blanco was the second-highest paid player in Major League Soccer, after Los Angeles Galaxy midfielder David Beckham, earning $2.7 million", "title": "Cuauhtémoc Blanco" }, { "id": "9651930", "text": "(England, Germany, Spain, Italy, and France) have annual revenues in excess of $1 billion. The top players from MLS often move to Europe in search of tougher competition and higher salaries. However, MLS has steadily improved in international stature in recent years. The league implemented the Designated Player Rule in 2007, allowing MLS to attract and retain international stars such as David Beckham. MLS attendance has increased to the point where MLS average attendance is among the top ten soccer leagues worldwide. The introduction of soccer-specific stadiums had improved revenue growth. In the late 1940s and 1950s, the Canadian Football", "title": "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada" }, { "id": "16831279", "text": "Dan Lozano Dan Lozano (born March 3, 1967) is a professional sports agent, specializing in baseball. He is the founder of MVP Sports Group, a sports agency based in Los Angeles, CA. His current clients include many notable MLB players such as Albert Pujols, Joey Votto, Alex Rodriguez, Jimmy Rollins, Carlos Beltrán, Manny Machado, Nick Swisher, Michael Young, Brian Wilson and Mike Piazza. He has worked professionally as an agent for over 23 years, and has negotiated numerous deals including some of the largest deals in baseball history such as Mike Piazza's 7-year $91 million deal with the New York", "title": "Dan Lozano" }, { "id": "11172381", "text": "Santana from the Minnesota Twins. Minaya agreed to trade outfielder Carlos Gómez and pitchers Philip Humber, Kevin Mulvey, and Deolis Guerra to the Twins. Three days later, to complete the trade, Santana agreed to a contract extension worth $137.5 million over the course of six years, with an option worth an extra $19.5 million for 2014, which can be triggered by performance. This contract is a record amount for a Major League Baseball pitcher. Starting pitcher Óliver Pérez's arbitration case was settled on February 22 and scored a win for Pérez, as the Mets found out they would have to", "title": "2008 New York Mets season" }, { "id": "20397196", "text": "December 4, 2017. On December 9, 2017, the Yankees traded All-star second baseman Starlin Castro and two minor league prospects to the Miami Marlins for reigning NL MVP Giancarlo Stanton. The deal was made official December 11. After the deal was announced, General Manager Brian Cashman received a contract extension for 5 years, reportedly worth $25 million. On December 12, 2017, the first day of the MLB Winter Meetings, the Yankees traded Chase Headley and Bryan Mitchell to the San Diego Padres for Jabari Blash. This will be Headley's second stint with the Padres. On February 20, 2018, the Yankees", "title": "2018 New York Yankees season" }, { "id": "352943", "text": "the season after the Houston Astros offered salary arbitration. The Astros submitted an offer of $13.5 million, and Clemens countered with a record $22 million demand. On January 21, 2005, both sides agreed on a one-year, $18,000,022 contract, thus avoiding arbitration. The deal gave Clemens the highest yearly salary earned by a pitcher in MLB history. Clemens's 2005 season ended as one of the finest he had ever posted. His 1.87 ERA was the lowest in the major leagues, the lowest of his 22-season career, and the lowest by any National Leaguer since Greg Maddux in 1995. He finished with", "title": "Roger Clemens" }, { "id": "2402906", "text": "players who were actually full-time athletes hired as regular workers of a company (aircraft industry, food workers, tractor industry) or organization (KGB, Red Army, Soviet Air Force) that sponsored what would be presented as an after-hours social sports society team for their workers. Men involved in professional sports can earn a great deal of money at the highest levels. For instance, the highest-paid team in professional baseball is New York Yankees. Tiger Woods is the highest-paid athlete, totaling $127,902,706, including his endorsement income, which massively exceeds what he earns from tournament golf. Woods recently became the world's first athlete to", "title": "Professional sports" }, { "id": "2402916", "text": "million in that season. Premier League salaries have boomed in more recent years thanks to massive television deals and wealthy new investors in clubs. Terry's and Gerrard's 2010–11 salaries would not have placed them among the top 25 earners in 2017–18. In that season, more than 20 players earned more than £10 million, led by Alexis Sánchez (£21.5 million) and Mesut Özil (£20.9 million). The Premier League's two Manchester clubs had the highest average salaries in 2017–18, with players for both Manchester United and Manchester City averaging over £5.2 million. Players in lower divisions make significantly less money. In 2006–07", "title": "Professional sports" }, { "id": "8998755", "text": "the Anaheim Angels defeated the Yankees in the ALDS. The Yankees' major acquisition in the offseason was leading Japanese hitter Hideki Matsui of the Yomiuri Giants. Another signing, that of Cuban pitcher José Contreras, led to complaints from Red Sox CEO Larry Lucchino, who dubbed his team's rivals \"the Evil Empire\". Tensions between the rivals increased in the coming seasons, and writers called the rivalry one of the most intense and well known in North American professional sports. By 2003, New York's overall payroll had reached almost $153 million, more than the Padres, Brewers, Royals, and Tampa Bay Devil Rays", "title": "History of the New York Yankees" }, { "id": "9349340", "text": "League Baseball, a payment granted to those who had played between 1947 and 1979, which had been held up due to issues surrounding the United States's embargo on Cuba. Marrero was a fan of the current Cienfuegos team. Marrero died on April 23, 2014, at his home in Havana just 2 days shy of his 103rd birthday. According to Wikipedia's List of MLB player Centenarians, Marrero is the second oldest living major league baseball player of all time (102 years, 363 days). Source: Figueredo, pp. 279, 284–286, 293–295, 309, 324, 339–342, 356, 370, 381, 396, 412, 423, 435. Source: Figueredo,", "title": "Connie Marrero" }, { "id": "3200265", "text": "$275 million the New York Yankees tendered to Alex Rodriguez in 2007. Cabrera's contract has since been surpassed by Giancarlo Stanton's 13-year, $325 million contract in 2014, the largest contract in sports. Many analysts criticized the contract as excessive and short-sighted, with \"The Washington Post\" calling it \"the worst.\" On April 4, in a game against the Baltimore Orioles, Cabrera hit a two-run home run to notch his 2,000th career hit, becoming the ninth player to reach 2,000 hits before his 31st birthday and the seventh-youngest to reach the mark. On July 6, it was announced that Cabrera had won", "title": "Miguel Cabrera" }, { "id": "41871", "text": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, which became the official name of the award in 1944, in honor of the first MLB commissioner, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944. MVP voting takes place before the", "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "4676028", "text": "Tampa Bay Rays. Sabathia was sixth in the voting for the 2008 NL MVP award, behind Albert Pujols of the Cardinals, Ryan Howard of the Phillies, Ryan Braun also of the Brewers, Manny Ramirez of the Dodgers, and Lance Berkman of the Astros. He was also awarded the Warren Spahn Award for the second year in a row and became the first pitcher in history to win the award after being traded to another team during the season. On December 18, 2008, Sabathia signed a seven-year, $161 million contract with the New York Yankees. It was the largest contract for", "title": "CC Sabathia" }, { "id": "6727295", "text": "Octavio Dotel Octavio Eduardo Dotel Diaz (born November 25, 1973) is a Dominican former professional baseball pitcher. Dotel played for thirteen major league teams, more than any other player in the history of Major League Baseball (MLB), setting the mark when he pitched for the Detroit Tigers on April 7, 2012, breaking a record previously held by Mike Morgan, Matt Stairs, and Ron Villone. Edwin Jackson tied this record in 2018. He was a member of the Houston Astros for 5 seasons. Dotel made his MLB debut on June 26, 1999, for the New York Mets and lost. His first", "title": "Octavio Dotel" }, { "id": "6727309", "text": "Octavio Dotel Octavio Eduardo Dotel Diaz (born November 25, 1973) is a Dominican former professional baseball pitcher. Dotel played for thirteen major league teams, more than any other player in the history of Major League Baseball (MLB), setting the mark when he pitched for the Detroit Tigers on April 7, 2012, breaking a record previously held by Mike Morgan, Matt Stairs, and Ron Villone. Edwin Jackson tied this record in 2018. He was a member of the Houston Astros for 5 seasons. Dotel made his MLB debut on June 26, 1999, for the New York Mets and lost. His first", "title": "Octavio Dotel" }, { "id": "14516753", "text": "revealed as the cover athlete for \"MLB The Show 16\". In February 2016, Donaldson and the Blue Jays appeared to be heading to salary arbitration for the second consecutive year. Donaldson had asked for $11.8 million for the 2016 season, while the Blue Jays had countered at $11.35 million. On February 10, Donaldson signed a two-year, $28.65 million extension that paid him $11.65 million in 2016 and $17 million in 2017. In the first half of 2016, Donaldson resumed the high level of play from his MVP season. He won the June 19 Player of the Week Award after hitting", "title": "Josh Donaldson" }, { "id": "5181688", "text": "provided to these volunteers caused them to work less than volunteers who were not given any payment. The overjustification effect has also been linked to professional sports. The performance of numerous athletes has diminished following the signing of a lucrative, multimillion-dollar contract. Some notable professional athletes whose performances have diminished following a large contract include Alex Rodriguez (MLB), Albert Pujols (MLB), Wayne Rooney (Premier League) and Albert Haynesworth (NFL). Overjustification effect The overjustification effect occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task. Overjustification is an explanation for the", "title": "Overjustification effect" } ]

[ "19 BCE" ]

[ { "id": "819438", "text": "Western Wall The Western Wall, Wailing Wall, or Kotel, known in Islam as the Buraq Wall, is an ancient limestone wall in the Old City of Jerusalem. It is a relatively small segment of a far longer ancient retaining wall, known also in its entirety as the \"Western Wall\". The wall was originally erected as part of the expansion of the Second Jewish Temple begun by Herod the Great, which resulted in the encasement of the natural, steep hill known to Jews and Christians as the Temple Mount, in a large rectangular structure topped by a huge flat platform, thus", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819540", "text": "property.\" The U.S. State Department noted that the United States rejects such a claim as \"factually incorrect, insensitive and highly provocative.\" Western Wall The Western Wall, Wailing Wall, or Kotel, known in Islam as the Buraq Wall, is an ancient limestone wall in the Old City of Jerusalem. It is a relatively small segment of a far longer ancient retaining wall, known also in its entirety as the \"Western Wall\". The wall was originally erected as part of the expansion of the Second Jewish Temple begun by Herod the Great, which resulted in the encasement of the natural, steep hill", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819441", "text": "wall's total height, including its 17 courses located below street level, dates from the end of the Second Temple period, and is commonly believed to have been built around 19 BCE by Herod the Great, although recent excavations indicate that the work was not finished by the time Herod died in 4 BCE. The very large stone blocks of the lower courses are Herodian, the courses of medium-sized stones above them were added during the Umayyad era, while the small stones of the uppermost courses are of more recent date, especially from the Ottoman period. The term Western Wall and", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "14927268", "text": "Walls of Jerusalem The Walls of Jerusalem (; ) surround the Old City of Jerusalem (approx. 1 km²). In 1535, when Jerusalem was part of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Suleiman I ordered the ruined city walls to be rebuilt. The work took some four years, between 1537 and 1541. The length of the walls is 4,018 meters (2.4966 mi), their average height is 12 meters (39.37 feet) and the average thickness is 2.5 meters (8.2 feet). The walls contain 34 watchtowers and seven main gates open for traffic, with two minor gates reopened by archaeologists. In 1981, the Jerusalem walls", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "14927276", "text": "remained without protective walls, the Temple Mount/Haram ash-Sharif and the citadel then being the only well-fortified areas. In the 16th century, during the reign of the Ottoman Empire in the region, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent decided to rebuild the city walls fully, partly on the remains of the ancient walls. Being built 1535 and 1538, they are the walls that exist today. An inscription in Arabic from the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent states: Has decreed the construction of the wall he who has protected the home of Islam with his might and main and wiped out the tyranny of", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819459", "text": "it was probably to the perforated stone or the Rock of Moriah, \"to which the Jews come every year and anoint it, bewail themselves with groans, rend their garments, and so depart\". This was because an imperial decree from Rome barred Jews from living in Jerusalem. Just once per year they were permitted to return and bitterly grieve about the fate of their people. Comparable accounts survive, including those by the Church Father, Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329–390) and by Jerome in his commentary to Zephaniah written in 392 CE. In the 4th century, Christian sources reveal that the Jews", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819463", "text": "mention of the Islamic tradition that Buraq was tethered at the site is from the 14th century. A manuscript by Ibn Furkah, (d. 1328), refers to Bab al-Nab (lit. \"Gate of the Prophet\"), an old name for a gate along the southwestern wall of the Haram al-Sharif. In 1517, the Turkish Ottomans under Selim I conquered Jerusalem from the Mamluks who had held it since 1250. Selim's son, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, ordered the construction of an imposing wall to be built around the entire city, which still stands today. Various folktales relate Suleiman's quest to locate the Temple site", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819457", "text": "Stoa and the monumental staircase leading up to it could not have been completed during Herod's lifetime. Also surprising was the fact that the usually very thorough Herodian builders had cut corners by filling in the ritual bath, rather than placing the foundation course directly onto the much firmer bedrock. Some scholars are doubtful of the interpretation and have offered alternative explanations, such as, for example, later repair work. Herod's Temple was destroyed by the Romans, along with the rest of Jerusalem, in 70 CE, during the First Jewish–Roman War. During much of the 2nd–5th centuries of the Common Era,", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "14927272", "text": "of Persia allowed the Jews to return to Judea and rebuild the Temple. The construction was finished in 516 BCE or 430 BCE. Then, Artaxerxes I or possibly Darius II allowed Ezra and Nehemiah to return and rebuild the city's walls and to govern Judea, which was ruled as Yehud province under the Persians. During the Second Temple period, especially during the Hasmonean period, the city walls were expanded and renovated, constituting what Josephus calls the First Wall. Herod the Great added what Josephus called the Second Wall somewhere in the area between today's Jaffa Gate and Temple Mount. Agrippa", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "8521535", "text": "Western Wall Tunnel The Western Wall Tunnel (, translit.: \"Minheret Hakotel\") is an underground tunnel exposing the full length of the Western Wall. The tunnel is adjacent to the Western Wall and is located under buildings of the Old City of Jerusalem. While the open-air portion of the Western Wall is approximately long, the majority of its original length is hidden underground. The tunnel allows access to an additional of the wall. In 19 BCE, King Herod undertook a project to double the area of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem by incorporating part of the hill on the Northwest. In", "title": "Western Wall Tunnel" }, { "id": "14927273", "text": "I (r. 41–44 CE) later began the construction of the Third Wall, which was completed just at the beginning of the First Jewish–Roman War. Some remains of this wall are located today near the Mandelbaum Gate gas station. In 70 CE, as a result of the Roman siege during the First Jewish–Roman War, the walls were almost completely destroyed. Jerusalem would remain in ruins for some six decades and without protective walls for over two centuries. The pagan Roman city, Aelia Capitolina, which was built after 130 by Emperor Hadrian, was at first left without protective walls. After some two", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819454", "text": "the upper of wall were thick and served as the outer wall of the double colonnade of the Temple platform. This upper section was decorated with pilasters, the remainder of which were destroyed when the Byzantines reconquered Jerusalem from the Persians in 628. The next four courses, consisting of smaller plainly dressed stones, are Umayyad work (8th century, Early Muslim period). Above that are 16–17 courses of small stones from the Mamluk period (13–16th century) and later. According to the Hebrew Bible, Solomon's Temple was built atop what is known as the Temple Mount in the 10th century BCE and", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819458", "text": "after the Roman defeat of the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE, Jews were banned from Jerusalem. There is some evidence that Roman emperors in the 2nd and 3rd centuries did permit them to visit the city to worship on the Mount of Olives and sometimes on the Temple Mount itself. When the empire started becoming Christian under Constantine I, they were given permission to enter the city once a year, on the ninth day of the month of Av, to lament the loss of the Temple at the wall. The Bordeaux Pilgrim, who wrote in 333 CE, suggests that", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819455", "text": "destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE, and the Second Temple completed and dedicated in 516 BCE. Around 19 BCE Herod the Great began a massive expansion project on the Temple Mount. In addition to fully rebuilding and enlarging the Temple, he artificially expanded the platform on which it stood, doubling it in size. Today's Western Wall formed part of the retaining perimeter wall of this platform. In 2011, Israeli archaeologists announced the surprising discovery of Roman coins minted well after Herod's death, found under the foundation stones of the wall. The excavators came upon the coins inside a ritual", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "206480", "text": "a continuous source of friction and controversy. Jerusalem has been sacred to the Jews since King David proclaimed it his capital in the 10th century BCE. Jerusalem was the site of Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple. Although not mentioned in the Torah / Pentateuch, it is mentioned in the Bible 632 times. Today, the Western Wall, a remnant of the wall surrounding the Second Temple, is a Jewish holy site second only to the \"Holy of Holies\" on the Temple Mount itself. Synagogues around the world are traditionally built with the Holy Ark facing Jerusalem, and Arks within Jerusalem", "title": "Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819439", "text": "creating more space for the Temple itself and its auxiliary buildings. For Muslims, it is the site where the Islamic Prophet Muhammad tied his steed, al-Buraq, on his night journey to Jerusalem before ascending to paradise, and constitutes the Western border of \"al-Haram al-Sharif\". The Western Wall is considered holy due to its connection to the Temple Mount. Because of the Temple Mount entry restrictions, the Wall is the holiest place where Jews are permitted to pray, though the holiest site in the Jewish faith lies behind it. The original, natural, and irregular-shaped Temple Mount was gradually extended to allow", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819443", "text": "period of non-Jewish control between the establishment of British Rule in 1920 and the Six-Day War in 1967. The term \"Wailing Wall\" is not used by Jews, and increasingly not by many others who consider it derogatory. In a broader sense, \"Western Wall\" can refer to the entire 488-metre-long (1,601 ft) retaining wall on the western side of the Temple Mount. The classic portion now faces a large plaza in the Jewish Quarter, near the southwestern corner of the Temple Mount, while the rest of the wall is concealed behind structures in the Muslim Quarter, with the small exception of", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819442", "text": "its variations are mostly used in a narrow sense for the section traditionally used by Jews for prayer; it has also been called the \"Wailing Wall\", referring to the practice of Jews weeping at the site over the destruction of the Temples. During the period of Christian Roman rule over Jerusalem (ca. 324–638), Jews were completely barred from Jerusalem except to attend Tisha be-Av, the day of national mourning for the Temples, and on this day the Jews would weep at their holy places. The term \"Wailing Wall\" was thus almost exclusively used by Christians, and was revived in the", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819500", "text": "is used for worship and public gatherings, including Bar mitzvah celebrations and the swearing-in ceremonies of newly full-fledged soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces. Tens of thousands of Jews flock to the wall on the Jewish holidays, and particularly on the fast of Tisha B'Av, which marks the destruction of the Temple and on Jerusalem Day, which commemorates the reunification of Jerusalem in 1967 and the delivery of the Wall into Jewish hands. Conflicts over prayer at the national monument began a little more than a year after Israel’s victory in the Six-Day War, which again made the site accessible", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "9198454", "text": "Western Stone The Western Stone is a monolithic stone ashlar block forming part of the lower level of the Western Wall in Jerusalem. This largest stone in the Western Wall is visible within the Western Wall Tunnel. With an estimated weight of 517 tonnes (570 short tons), it is one of the largest building blocks in the world. The stone, located in the wall section north of Wilson's Arch, is 13.6 meters (44.6 feet) long and 3 metres (9.8 feet) high and has an estimated width of 3.3 meters (10.8 feet). In June 2006, Harry M. Jol, from the University", "title": "Western Stone" }, { "id": "2048339", "text": "of refugees. Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BCE, it was rebuilt on a smaller scale in about 440 BCE, during the Persian period, when, according to the Bible, Nehemiah led the Jews who returned from the Babylonian Exile. An additional, so-called Second Wall, was built by King Herod the Great. In 41–44 CE, Agrippa, king of Judea, started building the so-called \"Third Wall\" around the northern suburbs. The entire city was totally destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE. The northern part of the city was rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian around 130, under the name Aelia Capitolina. In the", "title": "Old City (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "19697909", "text": "Eastern Wall The Eastern Wall is an ancient structure in Jerusalem that is both part of the eastern side of the city wall of Jerusalem and the eastern wall of the ancient Temple Mount. The Eastern Wall is the oldest of the four visible walls of the Temple Mount; the Northern, Western and Southern Walls date from the period of Herod the Great, who expanded the area of the Temple Mount to the north, west and south. Older walls on these sides are presumed to survive underground. The Eastern Wall now visible was built in at least four stages, during", "title": "Eastern Wall" }, { "id": "14146519", "text": "the City of David. Avigad's dig demonstrated that by the late eighth century the city had expanded to include the hill to the west of the Temple Mount. The motivation for building the walls was the expected invasion of Judea by Sennacherib. The wall is referred to in Nehemiah 3:8 and Isaiah 22:9–10. Broad Wall (Jerusalem) The Broad Wall is an ancient defensive wall in the Old City of Jerusalem. The wall was unearthed in the 1970s by Israeli archaeologist Nahman Avigad and dated to the reign of King Hezekiah (late eighth century BCE). The Broad Wall is a massive", "title": "Broad Wall (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "11280562", "text": "Little Western Wall The Little Western Wall, also known as HaKotel HaKatan (or just Kotel Katan) and the Small Kotel, (), is a Jewish religious site located in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem near the Iron Gate to the Temple Mount. The wall itself dates from the Second Temple period, (516 BCE – 70 CE). It is the continuation of the larger part of the Western Wall and almost exactly faces the Holy of Holies. HaKotel HaKatan is not as well-known and not as crowded as the larger part of the Western Wall. This section of", "title": "Little Western Wall" }, { "id": "819447", "text": "Eastern portion of Jerusalem was occupied by Jordan. Under Jordanian control Jews were completely expelled from the Old City including the Jewish quarter, and Jews were barred from entering the Old City for 19 years, effectively banning Jewish prayer at the site of the Western Wall. This period ended on June 10, 1967, when Israel gained control of the site following the Six-Day War. Three days after establishing control over the Western Wall site the Moroccan Quarter was bulldozed by Israeli authorities to create space for what is now the Western Wall plaza. Early Jewish texts referred to a \"western", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "14927274", "text": "centuries without walls, a new set was erected around the city, probably during the reign of Emperor Diocletian, sometime between 289 and the turn of the century. The walls were extensively renewed by the Empress Aelia Eudocia during her banishment to Jerusalem (443–460). In 1033, most of the walls constructed by Eudocia were destroyed by an earthquake. They had to be rebuilt by the Fatimids, who left out the southernmost parts that had been previously included: Mount Zion with its churches, and the southeastern hill (the City of David) with the Jewish neighborhoods which stood south of the Temple Mount.", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "14146518", "text": "Broad Wall (Jerusalem) The Broad Wall is an ancient defensive wall in the Old City of Jerusalem. The wall was unearthed in the 1970s by Israeli archaeologist Nahman Avigad and dated to the reign of King Hezekiah (late eighth century BCE). The Broad Wall is a massive defensive structure, seven meters thick. The unbroken length of wall uncovered by Avigad's dig runs long and is preserved in places to a height of . It was long believed that the city in this period was confined to the fortified, narrow hill running to the south of the Temple Mount known as", "title": "Broad Wall (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "14927277", "text": "idols with his power and strength, he whom alone God has enabled to enslave the necks of kings in countries (far and wide) and deservedly acquire the throne of the Caliphate, the Sultan son of the Sultan son of the Sultan son of the Sultan, Suleyman. Walls of Jerusalem The Walls of Jerusalem (; ) surround the Old City of Jerusalem (approx. 1 km²). In 1535, when Jerusalem was part of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Suleiman I ordered the ruined city walls to be rebuilt. The work took some four years, between 1537 and 1541. The length of the walls", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "14927269", "text": "were added, along with the Old City of Jerusalem, to the UNESCO World Heritage Site List. The city of Jerusalem has been surrounded by walls for its defense since ancient times. In the Middle Bronze Age, a period also known in biblical terms as the era of the Patriarchs, a city named Jebus was built on the southeastern hill of Jerusalem, relatively small (50,000 square meters) but well fortified. Remains of its walls are located above the Siloam Tunnel. The identification of Jebus with Jerusalem has been disputed, principally by Niels Peter Lemche. Supporting his case, every non-biblical mention of", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "19697916", "text": "Mount. Eastern Wall The Eastern Wall is an ancient structure in Jerusalem that is both part of the eastern side of the city wall of Jerusalem and the eastern wall of the ancient Temple Mount. The Eastern Wall is the oldest of the four visible walls of the Temple Mount; the Northern, Western and Southern Walls date from the period of Herod the Great, who expanded the area of the Temple Mount to the north, west and south. Older walls on these sides are presumed to survive underground. The Eastern Wall now visible was built in at least four stages,", "title": "Eastern Wall" }, { "id": "2048377", "text": "Jerusalem. The gate is located in the northern third of the Temple Mount's eastern wall. The present gate was probably built in the 520s AD, as part of Justinian I's building program in Jerusalem, on top of the ruins of the earlier gate in the wall. An alternative theory holds that it was built in the later part of the 7th century by Byzantine artisans employed by the Umayyad khalifs. The Ottoman Turks transformed the walled-up gate into a watchtower. On the ground floor level a vaulted hall is divided by four columns into two aisles, which lead to the", "title": "Golden Gate (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "819450", "text": "al-Buraq. The tradition on which this is based only states that the Prophet, or the angel Jibra'il (Gabriel), tethered the steed at the gate of the mosque, meaning: at the gate of the Temple Mount. The location of the entry gate identified as the one used by Muhammad varied throughout the centuries, from the eastern and southern walls, to the southwest corner, and finally to the western wall, and specifically to Barclay's Gate immediately adjacent to the \"Wailing Place\" of the Jews. Israeli archaeologist Meir Ben-Dov concluded that the Muslim association with Western Wall began in the late nineteenth century", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819464", "text": "and his order to have the area \"swept and sprinkled, and the Western Wall washed with rosewater\" upon its discovery. At the time, Jews received official permission to worship at the site and Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan built an oratory for them there. In 1625 organised prayers at the Wall are mentioned for the first time. Over the centuries, land close to the Wall became built up. Public access to the Wall was through the Moroccan Quarter, a labyrinth of narrow alleyways. In May 1840 a firman issued by Ibrahim Pasha forbade the Jews to pave the passageway in front", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "14927271", "text": "the low southeastern hill, outside today's Old City area. Solomon, David's son, built the First Temple on the hilltop rising right above the city he had inherited, the Temple Mount, and then extended the city walls in order to protect the temple. During the First Temple period the city walls were extended to include the northwest hill as well, i.e. the area where today's Jewish and Armenian Quarter (Jerusalem) Quarters are located. The entire city was destroyed in 587/86 BCE during the siege led by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. After the Babylonian captivity and the Persian conquest of Babylonia, Cyrus II", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "2277051", "text": "near Gihon Spring between 4500–3500 BCE. The first known mention of the city was in c. 2000 BCE in the Middle Kingdom Egyptian Execration Texts in which the city was recorded as \"Rusalimum\". The root S-L-M in the name is thought to refer to either \"peace\" (compare with modern Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew) or Shalim, the god of dusk in the Canaanite religion. Archaeological evidence suggests that by the 17th century BCE, the Canaanites had built massive walls (4 and 5 ton boulders, 26 feet high) on the eastern side of Jerusalem to protect their ancient", "title": "History of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819460", "text": "encountered great difficulty in buying the right to pray near the Western Wall, at least on the 9th of Av. In 425 CE, the Jews of the Galilee wrote to Byzantine empress Aelia Eudocia seeking permission to pray by the ruins of the Temple. Permission was granted and they were officially permitted to resettle in Jerusalem. Several Jewish authors of the 10th and 11th centuries write about the Jews resorting to the Western Wall for devotional purposes. Ahimaaz relates that Rabbi Samuel ben Paltiel (980-1010) gave money for oil at \"the sanctuary at the Western Wall.\" Benjamin of Tudela (1170)", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "2277070", "text": "In 66 CE, the Jewish population rebelled against the Roman Empire in what is now known as the First Jewish–Roman War or \"Great Revolt\". Roman legions under future emperor Titus reconquered and subsequently destroyed much of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Also the Second Temple was burnt and all that remained was the great external (retaining) walls supporting the esplanade on which the Temple had stood, a portion of which has become known as the Western Wall. Titus' victory is commemorated by the Arch of Titus in Rome. Agrippa II died c. 94 CE, which brought the Herodian dynasty to an", "title": "History of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819472", "text": "taken up by the Chacham Bashi who managed to get the ban overturned. In 1915 it was reported that Djemal Pasha, closed off the wall to visitation as a sanitary measure. Probably meant was the \"Great\", rather than the \"Small\" Djemal Pasha. In December 1917, Allied forces under Edmund Allenby captured Jerusalem from the Turks. Allenby pledged \"that every sacred building, monument, holy spot, shrine, traditional site, endowment, pious bequest, or customary place of prayer of whatsoever form of the three religions will be maintained and protected according to the existing customs and beliefs of those to whose faith they", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "9282532", "text": "shouted to make the walls fall down (). This account from the Book of Joshua is one event in the larger narrative of the Israelite conquest of the biblical Canaan. Wall of Jericho The Wall of Jericho was a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) defensive or flood protection wall suggested to date to approximately 8000 BCE. If interpreted as an \"urban fortification\", the Wall of Jericho is the oldest city wall discovered by archaeologists anywhere in the world. It is built of undressed stones and is located at the archaeological mound known as Tell es-Sultan, in the city of Jericho on", "title": "Wall of Jericho" }, { "id": "9282522", "text": "Wall of Jericho The Wall of Jericho was a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) defensive or flood protection wall suggested to date to approximately 8000 BCE. If interpreted as an \"urban fortification\", the Wall of Jericho is the oldest city wall discovered by archaeologists anywhere in the world. It is built of undressed stones and is located at the archaeological mound known as Tell es-Sultan, in the city of Jericho on the West Bank. The topic of this article is the unique Neolithic-age stone wall, the earliest one of its kind. Other walls, such as contemporary \"house\" walls, or later, Bronze", "title": "Wall of Jericho" }, { "id": "7542367", "text": "Jerusalem stone Jerusalem stone (Arabic: حجر القدس ; Hebrew: אבן ירושלמית ) is a name applied to various types of pale limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone, common in and around Jerusalem that have been used in building since ancient times. One of these limestones, \"meleke\", has been used in many of the region's most celebrated structures, including the Western Wall. Jerusalem stone continues to be used in construction and incorporated in Jewish ceremonial art such as menorahs and seder plates. The highlands of Israel are primarily underlain by sedimentary limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone. The stone quarried for building purposes,", "title": "Jerusalem stone" }, { "id": "206398", "text": "of Seti I (r. 1290–1279 BCE) and Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BCE), major construction took place as prosperity increased. Archaeological remains from the ancient Israelite period include the Siloam Tunnel, an aqueduct built by Judahite king Hezekiah and once containing an ancient Hebrew inscription, known as the Siloam Inscription; the so-called Broad Wall, a defensive fortification built in the 8th century BCE, also by Hezekiah; the Silwan necropolis with the Monolith of Silwan and the Tomb of the Royal Steward, which were decorated with monumental Hebrew inscriptions; and the so-called Israelite Tower, remnants of ancient fortifications, built from large, sturdy", "title": "Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819537", "text": "inseparable part of the al-Aqsa compound...The Western Wall is part of Al-Aqsa's western tower, which the Israeli establishment fallaciously and sneakily calls the 'Wailing Wall'. The wall is part of the holy al-Aqsa Mosque\". According to the Palestinian National Authority, the Jews did not consider the Wall as a place for worship until after the Balfour Declaration was issued in 1917. The PA-appointed Mufti of Jerusalem, Sheikh Ekrima Sa'id Sabri, believes that the Wall belongs to the Muslims alone. In 2000 he related that A year later he stated: In 2006, Dr. Hassan Khader, founder of the Al Quds Encyclopedia,", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "14927275", "text": "In preparation for the expected Crusader siege of 1099, the walls were strengthened yet again but to little avail. The conquest brought some destruction followed by reconstruction, as did the reconquest by Saladin in 1187. In 1202 to 1212 Saladin's nephew, Al-Malik al-Mu'azzam 'Isa, ordered the reconstruction of the city walls, but later on, in 1219, he reconsidered the situation after most of the watchtowers had been built and had the walls torn down, mainly because he feared that the Crusaders would benefit of the fortifications if they managed to reconquer the city. For the next three centuries, the city", "title": "Walls of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819536", "text": "flies over the Kotel is the Israeli flag... Our holy places, the Temple Mount – will remain under Israeli sovereignty forever.\" In December 1973, King Faisal of Saudi Arabia stated that \"Only Muslims and Christians have holy places and rights in Jerusalem\". The Jews, he maintained, had no rights there at all. As for the Western Wall, he said, \"Another wall can be built for them. They can pray against that\". Raed Salah, leader of the northern branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel wrote that: \"The Western Wall – all its various parts, structures and gates – are an", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819493", "text": "Pilgrimage Festivals. During the Jordanian rule of the Old City, a ceramic street sign in Arabic and English was affixed to the stones of the ancient wall. Attached up, it was made up of eight separate ceramic tiles and said \"Al Buraq Road\" in Arabic at the top with the English \"Al-Buraq (Wailing Wall) Rd\" below. When Israeli soldiers arrived at the wall in June 1967, one attempted to scrawl Hebrew lettering on it. The \"Jerusalem Post\" reported that on June 8, Ben-Gurion went to the wall and \"looked with distaste\" at the road sign; \"this is not right, it", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "17997491", "text": "requested of Vespasian that he spare the western-most gates of the city () that lead to Lydda (Lod). When the city was eventually taken, the Arab auxiliaries who had fought alongside the Romans under their general, Fanjar, also spared the wall from destruction. The chronicler who brings down the historical record adds: \"And it was decreed in heaven that it should never be destroyed, seeing that the Divine Presence dwells in the West.\" Damascus Gate Damascus Gate (, , \"Sha'ar Sh'khem\") is one of the main entrances to the Old City of Jerusalem. It is located in the wall on", "title": "Damascus Gate" }, { "id": "7542373", "text": "180 feet tall. Jerusalem stone Jerusalem stone (Arabic: حجر القدس ; Hebrew: אבן ירושלמית ) is a name applied to various types of pale limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone, common in and around Jerusalem that have been used in building since ancient times. One of these limestones, \"meleke\", has been used in many of the region's most celebrated structures, including the Western Wall. Jerusalem stone continues to be used in construction and incorporated in Jewish ceremonial art such as menorahs and seder plates. The highlands of Israel are primarily underlain by sedimentary limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone. The stone quarried", "title": "Jerusalem stone" }, { "id": "819452", "text": "close to the Iron Gate. The wall functions as a retaining wall, supporting and enclosing the ample substructures built by Herod the Great around 19 BCE. Herod's project was to create an artificial extension to the small quasi-natural plateau on which the First and Second Temples stood, transforming it into the almost rectangular, wide expanse of the Temple Mount visible today. At the Western Wall Plaza, the total height of the Wall from its foundation is estimated at , with the exposed section standing approximately high. The Wall consists of 45 stone courses, 28 of them above ground and 17", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "9198455", "text": "of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, performed GPR measurements to determine the depth of the stone. The conclusion of his team was that its depth ranges from approximately 1.8 to 2.5 metres (5.9 to 8.2 feet). Western Stone The Western Stone is a monolithic stone ashlar block forming part of the lower level of the Western Wall in Jerusalem. This largest stone in the Western Wall is visible within the Western Wall Tunnel. With an estimated weight of 517 tonnes (570 short tons), it is one of the largest building blocks in the world. The stone, located in the wall section north of", "title": "Western Stone" }, { "id": "13761886", "text": "work to build the walls and encircle Mount Zion with squared stones, for better fortification; and they did so.\", while according to chapter 13, 10, Simon Maccabeus \"assembled all the warriors and hastened to complete the walls of Jerusalem, and he fortified it on every side.\" These date the construction of the Hasmonean city wall, also known as the first wall, between 142 and 134 BCE. Encompassing the City of David and the western hill, the walls were not entirely new but also incorporated elements of the earlier fortifications, such as the Iron Age \"Israelite Tower\" unearthed in the Jewish", "title": "Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period" }, { "id": "819469", "text": "the Ottoman Governor of Jerusalem, Rauf Pasha, and by the Mufti of Jerusalem, Mohammed Tahir Husseini. Even after permission was obtained from the highest secular and Muslim religious authority to proceed, the transaction was shelved after the authorities insisted that after demolishing the quarter no construction of any type could take place there, only trees could be planted to beautify the area. Additionally the Jews would not have full control over the area. This meant that they would have no power to stop people from using the plaza for various activities, including the driving of mules, which would cause a", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819513", "text": "wall, is made up of two parts: \"Ko\", which has the numerical value of God’s name, and \"Tel\", meaning mount, which refers to the Temple and its Western Wall. Eighteenth-century scholar Jonathan Eybeschutz writes that \"after the destruction of the Temple, God removed His Presence from His sanctuary and placed it upon the Western Wall where it remains in its holiness and honour\". It is told that great Jewish sages, including Isaac Luria and the Radvaz, experienced a revelation of the Divine Presence at the wall. Many contemporary Orthodox scholars rule that the area in front of the Wall has", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "2048357", "text": "a new regulation was set into place by which the only access point for non-Muslims to the Temple Mount is through the Gate of the Moors, which is reached via the so-called Mughrabi Bridge. During different periods, the city walls followed different outlines and had a varying number of gates. During the era of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem for instance, Jerusalem had four gates, one on each side. The current walls were built by Suleiman the Magnificent, who provided them with six gates; several older gates, which had been walled up before the arrival of the Ottomans, were left", "title": "Old City (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "819511", "text": "in 1995, Rabbi Shmuel Rabinowitz was given the position. Rabbinic tradition teaches that the western wall was built upon foundations laid by the biblical King Solomon from the time of the First Temple. A Midrash compiled in Late Antiquity refers to a western wall of the Temple which \"would never be destroyed\", and Lamentations Rabbah mentions how Rome was unable to topple the western wall due to the Divine oath promising its eternal survival. Another Midrash quotes a 4th-century scholar: \"Rav Acha said that the Divine Presence has never departed from the Western Wall\", and the Zohar similarly writes that", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819522", "text": "forefathers praised You, was burned and all of our delights were destroyed\". The Sages of the Talmud stated that anyone who prays at the Temple in Jerusalem, \"it is as if he has prayed before the throne of glory because the gate of heaven is situated there and it is open to hear prayer.\" Jewish Law stipulates that the Silent Prayer should be recited facing towards Jerusalem, the Temple and ultimately the Holy of Holies, as God's bounty and blessing emanates from that spot. It is generally believed that prayer by the Western Wall is particularly beneficial since it was", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "9411845", "text": "Jadon Jadon is a Hebrew name meaning \"God has heard,\" \"thankful\" (according to Strong's Concordance), \"a judge,\" or \"whom God has judged\" and the name of two characters in biblical history. Jadon the Meronothite was one of the builders of the wall of Jerusalem in the Book of Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible. According to Flavius Josephus, Jadon was the name of a minor prophet referred to in his Antiquities of the Jews VIII,8,5 who is thought to have been \"the man of God\" mentioned in . In the Lives of the Prophets he is called \"Joad\". A Rabbinic tradition", "title": "Jadon" }, { "id": "20563867", "text": "Western Wall Plaza The Western Wall Plaza is a large public square situated adjacent to the Western Wall in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. It was formed in 1967 as a result of the razing of the Moroccan Quarter neighborhood in the immediate aftermath of the Six-Day War. The Western Wall Plaza abuts the Western Wall, part of the ancient retaining wall erected by Herod the Great to surround and increase the surface area of the Temple Mount. Apart from the Western Wall to the east, the plaza is bordered on its north side by the", "title": "Western Wall Plaza" }, { "id": "819445", "text": "Whilst the wall was considered Muslim property as an integral part of the Haram esh-Sharif and waqf property of the Moroccan Quarter, a right of Jewish prayer and pilgrimage existed as part of the Status Quo. The earliest source mentioning this specific site as a place of worship is from the 16th century. The previous sites used by Jews for mourning the destruction of the Temple, during periods when access to the city was prohibited to them, lay to the east, on the Mount of Olives and in the Kidron Valley below it. From the mid-19th century onwards, attempts to", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "2277101", "text": "walls of Jerusalem was undertaken by Jews, who built a small complex on the hill overlooking Zion Gate, across the Valley of Hinnom. This settlement, known as Mishkenot Sha'ananim, eventually flourished and set the precedent for other new communities to spring up to the west and north of the Old City. In time, as the communities grew and connected geographically, this became known as the New City. In 1882, around 150 Jewish families arrived in Jerusalem from Yemen. Initially they were not accepted by the Jews of Jerusalem and lived in destitute conditions supported by the Christians of the Swedish-American", "title": "History of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819496", "text": "way, the words of the Kaddish prayer heard by Western Wall's stones after 19 years of silence, tears of mourning, shouts of joy, and the singing of \"Hatikvah\"\". Forty-eight hours after capturing the wall, the military, without explicit government order, hastily proceeded to demolish the entire Moroccan Quarter, which stood from the Wall. The Sheikh Eid Mosque, which was built over one of Jerusalem's oldest Islamic schools, the Afdiliyeh, named after one of Saladin's sons, was pulled down to make way for the plaza. It was one of three or four that survived from Saladin's time. 650 people consisting of", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819533", "text": "Pro-Jerusalem Council. Some scholars believe that when Jerusalem came under Christian rule in the 4th century, there was a purposeful \"transference\" of respect for the Temple Mount and the Western Wall in terms of sanctity to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, while the sites around the Temple Mount became a refuse dump for Christians. However, the actions of many modern Christian leaders, including Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI, who visited the Wall and left prayer messages in its crevices, have symbolized for many Christians a restoration of respect and even veneration for this ancient religious site.", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819524", "text": "The Scroll of Ahimaaz, a historical document written in 1050 CE, distinctly describes the Western Wall as a place of prayer for the Jews. In around 1167 CE during the late Crusader Period, Benjamin of Tudela wrote that \"In front of this place is the western wall, which is one of the walls of the Holy of Holies. This is called the Gate of Mercy, and hither come all the Jews to pray before the Wall in the open court\". In 1625 \"arranged prayers\" at the Wall are mentioned for the first time by a scholar whose name has not", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "15436216", "text": "CE during the Roman siege of Jerusalem. In 1968, only a few months after the Six-Day War, Israel began excavations to uncover the portion of the Western Wall that was not exposed. As the excavations continued, the opening to the arch was uncovered, and rubble began to be removed. It would take 17 years, until 1985, until the entire length of the wall would be cleared. In 2005, the Western Wall Heritage Foundation initiated a major renovation effort under Rabbi Rabinovich, then-rabbi of the wall (\"Rabbi of the Kotel,\" as the title is usually referenced, using the Hebrew word for", "title": "Wilson's Arch (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "2048343", "text": "and the walls were repaired. The Kharezmian Tatars took the city in 1244 and Sultan Malik al-Muazzam razed the walls, rendering it again defenseless and dealing a heavy blow to the city's status. The current walls of the Old City were built in 1535–42 by the Ottoman Turkish sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. The walls stretch for approximately , and rise to a height of between 5 and 15 metres (16.4–49 ft), with a thickness of at the base of the wall. Altogether, the Old City walls contain 35 towers, of which 15 are concentrated in the more exposed northern wall.", "title": "Old City (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "13761907", "text": "The \"second wall\" run from north from the Antonia, east to the area where the present Damascus Gate stands, and then south along the eastern bank of the Tyropoeon to the Garden Gate (near the point at which the four quarters of the Old City currently meet). This path excludes the Calvary (Golgotha), where the crucifixion of Jesus took place, as this would have taken place outside the city walls. As much is testified by the New Testament: The Temple built upon the end of the Babylonian Captivity was a modest one, small and simple. Herod, seeking to ingratiate himself", "title": "Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period" }, { "id": "2277065", "text": "Judah and rebuild the Temple. The books of Ezra-Nehemiah record that the construction of the Second Temple was finished in the sixth year of Darius the Great (516 BCE), following which Artaxerxes I sent Ezra and then Nehemiah to rebuild the city's walls and to govern the Yehud province within the Eber-Nari satrapy. These events represent the final chapter in the historical narrative of the Hebrew Bible. During this period, Aramaic-inscribed \"Yehud coinage\" were produced – these are believed to have been minted in or near Jerusalem, although none of the coins bear a mint mark. When Alexander the Great", "title": "History of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819453", "text": "underground. The first seven visible layers are from the Herodian period. This section of wall is built from enormous meleke limestone blocks, possibly quarried at either Zedekiah's Cave situated under the Muslim Quarter of the Old City or at Ramat Shlomo northwest of the Old City. Most of them weigh between each, but others weigh even more, with one extraordinary stone located slightly north of Wilson's Arch measuring and weighing approximately 517 tonnes (570 short tons). Each of these ashlars is framed by fine-chiseled borders. The margins themselves measure between wide, with their depth measuring . In the Herodian period,", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "20193350", "text": "Paratroopers at the Western Wall Paratroopers at the Western Wall is an iconic photograph taken on June 7, 1967, by David Rubinger. Shot from a low angle, the photograph depicts three Israeli paratroopers framed against the Western Wall in the Old City of Jerusalem, shortly after its recapture by Israeli forces in the Six-Day War. From left to right, the Israeli soldiers photographed are Zion Karasenti, Yitzhak Yifat, and Haim Oshri. The soldiers were reservists of the 66th Battalion, 55th Paratroopers Brigade. Prior to taking the photograph, Israeli photographer and photojournalist Rubinger had been at el-Arish on the Sinai Peninsula", "title": "Paratroopers at the Western Wall" }, { "id": "819531", "text": "authorities in 1840 for permission to re-pave the ground in front of the Western Wall, the governor of Syria wrote: Carl Sandreczki, who was charged with compiling a list of place names for Charles Wilson's Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem in 1865, reported that the street leading to the Western Wall, including the part alongside the wall, belonged to the \"Hosh\" (court/enclosure) of \"al Burâk\", \"not \"Obrâk\", nor \"Obrat\"\". In 1866, the Prussian Consul and Orientalist Georg Rosen wrote that \"The Arabs call Obrâk the entire length of the wall at the wailing place of the Jews, southwards down to the", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819473", "text": "are sacred\". In 1919 Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann approached the British Military Governor of Jerusalem, Colonel Sir Ronald Storrs, and offered between £75,000 and £100,000 (approx. £5m in modern terms) to purchase the area at the foot of the Wall and rehouse the occupants. Storrs was enthusiastic about the idea because he hoped some of the money would be used to improve Muslim education. Although they appeared promising at first, negotiations broke down after strong Muslim opposition. Storrs wrote two decades later: \"The acceptance of the proposals, had it been practicable, would have obviated years of wretched humiliations, including the", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819535", "text": "he did visit the site during his visits to the Holy Land in the 1920s. In 1994, Shlomo Goren wrote that the tradition of the wall as a Jewish prayer site was only 300 years old, the Jews being compelled to pray there after being forbidden to assemble on the mount itself. A poll carried out in 2007 by the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies indicated that 96% of Israeli Jews were against Israel relinquishing the Western Wall. During a speech at Israel's Mercaz HaRav yeshivah on Jerusalem Day in 2009, Israeli Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu declared: \"The flag that", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "2214236", "text": "East Jerusalem East Jerusalem or Eastern Jerusalem ( \"al-Quds al-Sharqit‎\"; ) is the sector of Jerusalem that was occupied by Jordan in 1948 and was excluded from the Israeli-held West Jerusalem at the end of the 1948–49 Arab–Israeli War. Since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, East Jerusalem has been, along with the rest of the West Bank, occupied by Israel. This area includes Jerusalem's Old City and some of the holiest sites of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, such as the Temple Mount, Western Wall, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Dome of the Rock and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, as well as a", "title": "East Jerusalem" }, { "id": "206379", "text": "besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. The part of Jerusalem called the City of David was settled in the 4th millennium BCE. Jerusalem was named as \"\"Urusalim\"\" on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning \"City of Shalem\" after a Canaanite deity, during the Canaanite period (14th century BCE). During the Israelite period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE (Iron Age II), and in the 8th century the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah. In 1538, the city walls were rebuilt for a last", "title": "Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819462", "text": "a synagogue existed at the site. Obadiah of Bertinoro (1488) states \"the Westen Wall, part of which is still standing, is made of great, thick stones, larger than any I have seen in buildings of antiquity in Rome or in other lands.\" Shortly after Saladin's 1187 siege of the city, in 1193, the sultan's son and successor al-Afdal established the land adjacent to the wall as a charitable trust. It was named after an important mystic Abu Madyan Shu'aib and dedicated to Moroccan settlers who had taken up residence there. Houses were built only away from the wall. The first", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "819470", "text": "disturbance to worshippers. Other reports place the scheme's failure on Jewish infighting as to whether the plan would foster a detrimental Arab reaction. In 1895 Hebrew linguist and publisher Rabbi Chaim Hirschensohn became entangled in a failed effort to purchase the Western Wall and lost all his assets. The attempts of the Palestine Land Development Company to purchase the environs of the Western Wall for the Jews just before the outbreak of World War I also never came to fruition. In the first two months following the Ottoman Empire’s entry into the First World War, the Turkish governor of Jerusalem,", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "14943712", "text": "Placing notes in the Western Wall Placing notes in the Western Wall refers to the practice of placing slips of paper containing written prayers to God into the cracks of the Western Wall, a Jewish holy site in the Old City of Jerusalem. It is claimed that occurrence of such a phenomenon dates from the early 18th century and stems from the Jewish tradition that the Divine Presence rests upon the Western Wall. There is however a dispute as to whether it is permissible according to Jewish law to insert slips of paper in to the crevices. Some argue that", "title": "Placing notes in the Western Wall" }, { "id": "2048344", "text": "Suleiman's wall had six gates, to which a seventh, the New Gate, was added in 1887; several other, older gates, have been walled up over the centuries. The Golden Gate was at first rebuilt and left open by Suleiman's architects, only to be walled up a short while later. The New Gate was opened in the wall surrounding the Christian Quarter during the 19th century. Two secondary gates were reopened in recent times on the southeastern side of the city walls as a result of archaeological work. In 1980, Jordan proposed that the Old City be listed as a UNESCO", "title": "Old City (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "2048378", "text": "Door of Mercy, Bab al-Rahma, and the Door of Repentance, Bab al-Taubah; an upper floor room has the two roof domes as its ceiling. Closed by the Muslims in 810, reopened in 1102 by the Crusaders, it was walled up by Saladin after regaining Jerusalem in 1187. Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilt it together with the city walls, but walled it up in 1541, and it stayed that way. Suleiman may have taken this decision purely for defensive reasons, but in Jewish tradition this is the gate through which the Anointed One (Messiah) will enter Jerusalem. In relation to", "title": "Golden Gate (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "15436206", "text": "Wilson's Arch (Jerusalem) Wilson's Arch is the modern name for the ancient stone arch whose top is still visible today, where it is supported against the Northeast corner of Jerusalem's Western Wall, so that it appears on the left to visitors facing the Wall. It once spanned , supporting a road that continued for and allowed access to a gate that was level with the surface of the Temple Mount during the Second Temple period. The arch was identified in 1864 by 19th-century explorer and surveyor Charles William Wilson, for whom it is now named. Wilson had joined the Ordnance", "title": "Wilson's Arch (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "9411846", "text": "identifies him with Iddo. Jadon Jadon is a Hebrew name meaning \"God has heard,\" \"thankful\" (according to Strong's Concordance), \"a judge,\" or \"whom God has judged\" and the name of two characters in biblical history. Jadon the Meronothite was one of the builders of the wall of Jerusalem in the Book of Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible. According to Flavius Josephus, Jadon was the name of a minor prophet referred to in his Antiquities of the Jews VIII,8,5 who is thought to have been \"the man of God\" mentioned in . In the Lives of the Prophets he is called", "title": "Jadon" }, { "id": "2048373", "text": "Golden Gate (Jerusalem) The Golden Gate, as it is called in Christian literature, is the only eastern gate of the Temple Mount and one of only two that used to offer access into the city from that side. It has been walled up since medieval times. The date of its construction is disputed and no archaeological work is allowed at the gatehouse, but opinions are shared between a late Byzantine and an early Umayyad date. The Hebrew name of the Golden Gate is Sha'ar HaRachamim (שער הרחמים), Gate of Mercy. In Jewish sources the eastern gate of the Temple compound", "title": "Golden Gate (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "17997498", "text": "Dung Gate The Dung Gate ( Sha'ar Ha'ashpot), known in Arabic historically as the Moroccan or Mughrabi Gate () and since medieval times also known as Silwan Gate, is one of the gates in the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. It was built in the 16th century. The gate is situated near the southeast corner of the Old City, southwest of the Temple Mount. Directly behind the gate lies the entrance to the Western Wall Plaza. Dung Gate is a main passage for vehicles coming out of the Old City and for buses headed to the Western Wall.", "title": "Dung Gate" }, { "id": "206383", "text": "heaven where he speaks to God, according to the Quran. As a result, despite having an area of only , the Old City is home to many sites of seminal religious importance, among them the Temple Mount with its Western Wall, Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Outside the Old City stands the Garden Tomb. Today, the status of Jerusalem remains one of the core issues in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, West Jerusalem was among the areas captured and later annexed by Israel while East Jerusalem, including the", "title": "Jerusalem" }, { "id": "819494", "text": "should come down\" and he proceeded to dismantle it. This act signaled the climax of the capture of the Old City and the ability of Jews to once again access their holiest sites. Emotional recollections of this event are related by David ben Gurion and Shimon Peres. Following Israel's victory during the 1967 Six-Day War, the Western Wall came under Israeli control. Brigadier Rabbi Shlomo Goren proclaimed after its capture that \"Israel would never again relinquish the Wall\", a stance supported by Israeli Minister for Defence Moshe Dayan and Chief of Staff General Yitzhak Rabin. Rabin described the moment Israeli", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "2048342", "text": "by the Western Christian army of the First Crusade and it remained in their hands until recaptured by the Arab Muslims, led by Saladin, on October 2, 1187. He summoned the Jews and permitted them to resettle in the city. In 1219, the walls of the city were razed by Mu'azzim Sultan of Damascus; in 1229, by treaty with Egypt, Jerusalem came into the hands of Frederick II of Germany. In 1239 he began to rebuild the walls, but they were demolished again by Da'ud, the emir of Kerak. In 1243, Jerusalem came again under the control of the Christians,", "title": "Old City (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "327225", "text": "Temple, the obligation to visit Jerusalem and to make sacrifices no longer applied. The obligation was restored with the rebuilding of the Temple, but following its destruction in 70 CE, the obligation to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and offer sacrifices again went into abeyance. The western retaining wall of the Temple Mount, known as the Western Wall or \"Wailing\" Wall, is the remaining part of Second Jewish Temple in the Old City of Jerusalem is the most sacred and visited site for Jews. Pilgrimage to this area was off-limits to Jews from 1948 to 1967, when East Jerusalem was", "title": "Pilgrimage" }, { "id": "179883", "text": "living in Jerusalem, but were allowed to visit, and it is in this period that the surviving Western Wall of the Temple became sacred to Judaism. In 351–2, another Jewish revolt in the Galilee erupted against a corrupt Roman governor. In 362, the last pagan Roman Emperor, Julian the Apostate, announced plans to rebuild the Jewish Temple. He died while fighting the Persians in 363 and the project was discontinued. The Roman Empire split in 390 CE and the region became part of the (Christian) East Roman Empire, known as the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Christianity was dominated by the (Greek)", "title": "History of Israel" }, { "id": "819446", "text": "purchase rights to the wall and its immediate area were made by various Jews, but none was successful. With the rise of the Zionist movement in the early 20th century, the wall became a source of friction between the Jewish and Muslim communities, the latter being worried that the wall could be used to further Jewish claims to the Temple Mount and thus Jerusalem. During this period outbreaks of violence at the foot of the wall became commonplace, with a particularly deadly riot in 1929 in which 133 Jews were killed and 339 injured. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War the", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "14320693", "text": "about.\" (New Revised Standard Version). The dig is a joint project of Hebrew University, in cooperation with the Israel Antiquities Authority, the Israel Nature and Parks Authority, and the East Jerusalem Development Company, with funding provided by Jewish American couple, Daniel Mintz and Meredith Berkman. Although consensus on the dating of the wall has not been reached by the archaeological community, Mazar maintains that, \"It's the most significant construction we have from First Temple days in Israel,\" and \"It means that at that time, the 10th century (BCE), in Jerusalem there was a regime capable of carrying out such construction.\"", "title": "Ancient city walls around the City of David" }, { "id": "14943719", "text": "On May 22, 2017, Donald Trump became the first sitting U.S. President to visit the Wall; he also inserted a note. Trump's Vice President, Mike Pence, visited the Wall and deposited a prayer note on January 23, 2018, at the conclusion of his four-day visit to Israel. Placing notes in the Western Wall Placing notes in the Western Wall refers to the practice of placing slips of paper containing written prayers to God into the cracks of the Western Wall, a Jewish holy site in the Old City of Jerusalem. It is claimed that occurrence of such a phenomenon dates", "title": "Placing notes in the Western Wall" }, { "id": "2277075", "text": "brief period of Persian rule from 614 to 629. Although the Qur'an does not mention the name \"Jerusalem\", the hadith assert that it was from Jerusalem that Muhammad ascended to heaven in the Night Journey, or Isra and Miraj. The city was one of the Arab Caliphate's first conquests in 638 CE; according to Arab historians of the time, the Rashidun Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab personally went to the city to receive its submission, cleaning out and praying at the Temple Mount in the process. Sixty years later the Dome of the Rock was built, a structure enshrining a stone", "title": "History of Jerusalem" }, { "id": "2048338", "text": "Jerusalem in the 11th century BCE the city was home to the Jebusites. The Bible describes the city as heavily fortified with a strong city wall, a fact confirmed by archaeology. The Bible names the city ruled by King David as the City of David, in Hebrew Ir David, which was identified southeast of the Old City walls, outside the Dung Gate. In the Bible, David's son, King Solomon, extended the city walls to include the Temple and Temple Mount. The city was largely extended westwards after the Neo-Assyrian destruction of the northern Kingdom of Israel and the resulting influx", "title": "Old City (Jerusalem)" }, { "id": "819467", "text": "Jewish sage Abdullah of Bombay who tried to purchase the Western Wall in the 1850s. In 1869 Rabbi Hillel Moshe Gelbstein settled in Jerusalem. He arranged that benches and tables be brought to the Wall on a daily basis for the study groups he organised and the minyan which he led there for years. He also formulated a plan whereby some of the courtyards facing the Wall would be acquired, with the intention of establishing three synagogues – one each for the Sephardim, the Hasidim and the Perushim. He also endeavoured to re-establish an ancient practice of \"guards of honour\",", "title": "Western Wall" }, { "id": "12473611", "text": "the eighteenth year of his reign (20–19 BC), Herod rebuilt the Second Temple in Jerusalem on \"a more magnificent scale\". The new Temple was finished in a year and a half, although work on out-buildings and courts continued another eighty years. To comply with religious law, Herod employed a thousand priests as masons and carpenters for the rebuilding. The finished temple, which was destroyed by the Romans in 70 AD, is often referred to as Herod's Temple. The Wailing Wall (Western Wall) in Jerusalem was for many years the only section visible of the four retaining walls whose construction was", "title": "Herodian architecture" }, { "id": "13761906", "text": "Phasael and the Mariamne. It was at this citadel that the walls of Jerusalem met, one surrounding the city from the south and another approaching from the east and the Temple Mount. Somewhere in the city, possibly in the upper city or to its north, stood the theatre and other Hellenistic institutions. Remains of any of these structures have yet to be found. At or about the start of Herod's reign, a second wall was constructed in Jerusalem. This relatively short wall was built to include a new neighborhood which had grown adjacent to the Antonia within the city walls.", "title": "Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period" }, { "id": "13830010", "text": "Bab a-Zahara Bab a-Zahara is a Palestinian neighborhood in East Jerusalem, north of the Old City. It is bordered by the American Colony to the north, Wadi al-Joz to the east, Herod's Gate and Damascus Gate on its south, and Mas'udiyyah and Mea Shearim to the west. Herod's Gate, which is called \"Bab az-Zahra\" in Arabic, lent its name to this neighborhood. At the end of the Second Temple Period, the building of the so-called Third Wall of Jerusalem, started under the reign of Herod Agrippa I (r. 41-44 CE), finished by the rebels around 66 CE and destroyed by", "title": "Bab a-Zahara" }, { "id": "13830007", "text": "Bab a-Zahara Bab a-Zahara is a Palestinian neighborhood in East Jerusalem, north of the Old City. It is bordered by the American Colony to the north, Wadi al-Joz to the east, Herod's Gate and Damascus Gate on its south, and Mas'udiyyah and Mea Shearim to the west. Herod's Gate, which is called \"Bab az-Zahra\" in Arabic, lent its name to this neighborhood. At the end of the Second Temple Period, the building of the so-called Third Wall of Jerusalem, started under the reign of Herod Agrippa I (r. 41-44 CE), finished by the rebels around 66 CE and destroyed by", "title": "Bab a-Zahara" }, { "id": "2214242", "text": "17th century BCE, the Canaanites had built massive walls (4 and 5 ton boulders, 26 feet high) to protect their ancient water system, found inside the City of David on the eastern side of Jerusalem. Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Jerusalem was divided into two parts. The western portion, populated primarily by Jews, came under Israeli rule, while the eastern portion, populated mainly by Muslim and Christian Palestinians, came under Jordanian rule. Arabs living in such western Jerusalem neighbourhoods as Katamon or Malha either fled or were in some cases forced out; the same fate befell Jews in the eastern", "title": "East Jerusalem" }, { "id": "10950336", "text": "the Muslims after a successful siege. As part of this same campaign the armies of Saladin conquered, expelled, enslaved, or killed the remaining Christian communities of Galilee, Samaria, Judea, as well as the coastal towns of Ashkelon, Jaffa, Caesarea, and Acre. In 1219 the walls of the city were razed by order of Al-Mu'azzam, the Ayyubid sultan of Damascus. This rendered Jerusalem defenseless and dealt a heavy blow to the city's status. Following another Crusade by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in 1227, the city was surrendered by Saladin's descendant al-Kamil, in accordance with a diplomatic treaty in 1228.", "title": "History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages" } ]

[ "dioptre" ]

[ { "id": "6609577", "text": "Optical power Optical power (also referred to as dioptric power, refractive power, focusing power, or convergence power) is the degree to which a lens, mirror, or other optical system converges or diverges light. It is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length of the device: . High optical power corresponds to short focal length. The SI unit for optical power is the inverse metre (m), which is commonly called the dioptre. Converging lenses have positive optical power, while diverging lenses have negative power. When a lens is immersed in a refractive medium, its optical power and focal length change.", "title": "Optical power" }, { "id": "2093078", "text": "Luminous intensity In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd), an SI base unit. Photometry deals with the measurement of visible light as perceived by human eyes. The human eye can only see light in the visible spectrum and has different sensitivities to light of different wavelengths within the spectrum. When adapted for bright conditions (photopic vision), the eye", "title": "Luminous intensity" }, { "id": "380998", "text": "Steradian The steradian (symbol: sr) or square radian is the SI unit of solid angle. It is used in three-dimensional geometry, and is analogous to the radian, which quantifies planar angles. Whereas an angle in radians, projected onto a circle, gives a \"length\" on the circumference, a solid angle in steradians, projected onto a sphere, gives an \"area\" on the surface. The name is derived from the Greek στερεός \"stereos\" 'solid' + radian. The steradian, like the radian, is a dimensionless unit, the area subtended and the square of its distance from the center: both the numerator and denominator of", "title": "Steradian" }, { "id": "4687637", "text": "Shear modulus In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by \"G\", or sometimes \"S\" or \"μ\", is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain: where The derived SI unit of shear modulus is the pascal (Pa), although it is usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa) or in thousands of pounds per square inch (ksi). Its dimensional form is MLT, replacing \"force\" by \"mass\" times \"acceleration\". The shear modulus is one of several quantities for measuring the stiffness of materials. All of them arise in the generalized Hooke's law: The shear modulus is concerned with", "title": "Shear modulus" }, { "id": "1567856", "text": "a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m). The CGS unit of luminance is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10 kcd/m. The amount of useful light emitted from a source or the luminous flux is measured in lumen (lm). The SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance, being the luminous power per area, is measured in Lux. It is used in photometry as a measure of the intensity, as perceived by the human eye, of light that hits or passes", "title": "Lighting" }, { "id": "381002", "text": "rarely used. Solid angles over 4 steradians—the solid angle of a full Euclidean sphere—are rarely encountered. Steradian The steradian (symbol: sr) or square radian is the SI unit of solid angle. It is used in three-dimensional geometry, and is analogous to the radian, which quantifies planar angles. Whereas an angle in radians, projected onto a circle, gives a \"length\" on the circumference, a solid angle in steradians, projected onto a sphere, gives an \"area\" on the surface. The name is derived from the Greek στερεός \"stereos\" 'solid' + radian. The steradian, like the radian, is a dimensionless unit, the area", "title": "Steradian" }, { "id": "2093084", "text": "The luminous intensity for monochromatic light of a particular wavelength λ is given by where If more than one wavelength is present (as is usually the case), one must sum or integrate over the spectrum of wavelengths present to get the luminous intensity: Luminous intensity In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd), an SI base unit. Photometry deals", "title": "Luminous intensity" }, { "id": "2944004", "text": "Luminous flux In photometry, luminous flux or luminous power is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light), in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. The SI unit of luminous flux is the lumen (lm). One lumen is defined as the luminous flux of light produced by a light source that emits one candela of luminous intensity over a solid angle of one steradian. In other systems", "title": "Luminous flux" }, { "id": "2728668", "text": "Sound power Sound power or acoustic power is the rate at which sound energy is emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. The SI unit of sound power is the watt (W). It is the power of the sound force on a surface of the medium of propagation of the sound wave. For a sound source, unlike sound pressure, sound power is neither room-dependent nor distance-dependent. Sound pressure is a property of the field at a point in space, while sound power is a property of a sound source, equal to the total power emitted by that source in", "title": "Sound power" }, { "id": "370590", "text": "SI base unit The International System of Units (SI) defines seven units of measure as a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived. The SI base units and their physical quantities are the meter for measurement of length, the kilogram for mass, the second for time, the ampere for electric current, the kelvin for temperature, the candela for luminous intensity, and the mole for amount of substance. The SI base units form a set of mutually independent dimensions as required by dimensional analysis commonly employed in science and technology. The names and symbols of SI base", "title": "SI base unit" }, { "id": "1567855", "text": "a lamp or other source, along with the colors that can be rendered by this light. The human eye responds differently to light from different parts of the visible spectrum, therefore photometric measurements must take the luminosity function into account when measuring the amount of useful light. The basic SI unit of measurement is the candela (cd), which describes the luminous intensity, all other photometric units are derived from the candela. Luminance for instance is a measure of the density of luminous intensity in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from", "title": "Lighting" }, { "id": "806916", "text": "Candela per square metre The candela per square metre (cd/m) is the derived SI unit of luminance. The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. Nit (nt) is a non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nt = 1 cd/m). The term \"nit\" is believed to come from the Latin word \"nitere\", to shine. As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. The sRGB spec for monitors targets 80 cd/m. Typically,", "title": "Candela per square metre" }, { "id": "380999", "text": "this ratio have dimension length squared (i.e. , dimensionless). It is useful, however, to distinguish between dimensionless quantities of a different nature, so the symbol \"sr\" is used to indicate a solid angle. For example, radiant intensity can be measured in watts per steradian (W⋅sr). The steradian was formerly an SI supplementary unit, but this category was abolished in 1995 and the steradian is now considered an SI derived unit. A steradian can be defined as the solid angle subtended at the center of a unit sphere by a unit area on its surface. For a general sphere of radius", "title": "Steradian" }, { "id": "3252670", "text": "Weber (unit) In physics, the weber (symbol: Wb) is the SI unit of magnetic flux. A \"flux density\" of one Wb/m (one weber per square metre) is one tesla. The weber is named after the German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804–1891). The weber may be defined in terms of Faraday's law, which relates a changing magnetic flux through a loop to the electric field around the loop. A change in flux of one weber per second will induce an electromotive force of one volt (produce an electric potential difference of one volt across two open-circuited terminals). Officially, Weber (unit of", "title": "Weber (unit)" }, { "id": "944241", "text": "SI-metric system it has not been included in the standard so that there is no international name or symbol for this unit of measurement—within the international system of units, this unit for optical power would need to be specified explicitly as the inverse metre (m). However most languages have borrowed the original name and some national standardization bodies like DIN specify a unit name (dioptrie, dioptria, etc.) and derived unit symbol \"dpt\". The fact that optical powers are approximately additive enables an eye care professional to prescribe corrective lenses as a simple correction to the eye's optical power, rather than", "title": "Dioptre" }, { "id": "4167649", "text": "over distance due to the inverse-square law is offset by the increase in area with distance. Radiant intensity In radiometry, radiant intensity is the radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit solid angle, and spectral intensity is the radiant intensity per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. These are \"directional\" quantities. The SI unit of radiant intensity is the watt per steradian (), while that of spectral intensity in frequency is the watt per steradian per hertz () and that of spectral intensity in wavelength", "title": "Radiant intensity" }, { "id": "243542", "text": "while imaging luminance meters measure luminance in a way similar to the way a digital camera records color images. Luminance Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is emitted or reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m). A non-SI term for the same unit is the nit. The CGS unit of luminance is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square", "title": "Luminance" }, { "id": "243537", "text": "Luminance Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is emitted or reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m). A non-SI term for the same unit is the nit. The CGS unit of luminance is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10 kcd/m. Luminance is often used to characterize emission or reflection from flat, diffuse surfaces. The luminance", "title": "Luminance" }, { "id": "4167646", "text": "Radiant intensity In radiometry, radiant intensity is the radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit solid angle, and spectral intensity is the radiant intensity per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. These are \"directional\" quantities. The SI unit of radiant intensity is the watt per steradian (), while that of spectral intensity in frequency is the watt per steradian per hertz () and that of spectral intensity in wavelength is the watt per steradian per metre ()—commonly the watt per steradian per nanometre (). Radiant", "title": "Radiant intensity" }, { "id": "806917", "text": "calibrated monitors should have a brightness of 120 cd/m. Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m. High-definition televisions range from 450 to about 1500 cd/m. One candela per square metre is equal to: Candela per square metre The candela per square metre (cd/m) is the derived SI unit of luminance. The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. Nit (nt) is a non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nt = 1 cd/m). The term \"nit\" is believed to", "title": "Candela per square metre" }, { "id": "3882455", "text": "by focusing it tighter. The luminous intensity of a light depends on many factors, including the colour of the light and the eye's sensitivity to that colour, the optics involved, reflector and lens. Despite its complexity, it is a more useful measure than watts, because it defines how much usable light is shed in a given place: a dynamo headlight designed for road use and focused for seeing the road makes more efficient use of the power of the lamp than lights using rotationally symmetrical optics. The lumen (lm) is the SI unit for luminous flux, the total amount of", "title": "Bicycle lighting" }, { "id": "1585059", "text": "where is the Boltzmann constant, is the Planck constant, and is the speed of light in the medium, whether material or vacuum. The spectral radiance can also be expressed per unit wavelength instead of per unit frequency. In this case, it is given by The law may also be expressed in other terms, such as the number of photons emitted at a certain wavelength, or the energy density in a volume of radiation. The SI units of are , while those of are . In the limit of low frequencies (i.e. long wavelengths), Planck's law tends to the Rayleigh–Jeans law,", "title": "Planck's law" }, { "id": "750420", "text": "authority of the Office of Weights and Measures of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), enforced by the individual states. The International System of Units (SI) defines seven base units: length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity. By convention, each of these units are considered to be mutually independent of each other; however, in reality they are interdependent given some definitions contain other base SI Units. All other SI units are derived from the seven base units. Since the base units are the reference points for all measurements taken in SI units, if", "title": "Metrology" }, { "id": "412057", "text": "= r × F. Therefore, torque on a particle is \"equal\" to the first derivative of its angular momentum with respect to time. If multiple forces are applied, Newton's second law instead reads , and it follows that This is a general proof. Torque has dimension force times distance, symbolically . Official SI literature suggests using the unit \"newton metre\" (N⋅m) or the unit \"joule per radian\". The unit \"newton metre\" is properly denoted N⋅m or N m. This avoids ambiguity with mN, millinewtons. The SI unit for energy or work is the joule. It is dimensionally equivalent to a", "title": "Torque" }, { "id": "11597198", "text": "Ampère's force law In magnetostatics, the force of attraction or repulsion between two current-carrying wires (see first figure below) is often called Ampère's force law. The physical origin of this force is that each wire generates a magnetic field, following the Biot–Savart law, and the other wire experiences a magnetic force as a consequence, following the Lorentz force law. The best-known and simplest example of Ampère's force law, which underlies the definition of the ampere, the SI unit of current, states that the force per unit length between two straight parallel conductors is where \"k\" is the magnetic force constant", "title": "Ampère's force law" }, { "id": "3660372", "text": "One tesla is equivalent to: One tesla is equal to 1 V·s/m. This can be shown by starting with the speed of light in vacuum, \"c\" = (εμ), and inserting the SI values and units for \"c\" (), the vacuum permittivity ε (), and the vacuum permeability μ (). Cancellation of numbers and units then produces this relation. For the relation to the units of the magnetising field (ampere per metre or Oersted), see the article on permeability. Tesla (unit) The tesla (symbol T) is a derived unit of the magnetic field strength (also, magnetic flux density) in the International", "title": "Tesla (unit)" }, { "id": "256549", "text": "free charge; \"P\" is the polarization density; \"J\" is the density of free current; and \"M\" is the magnetization density. In this way, the Lorentz force can explain the torque applied to a permanent magnet by the magnetic field. The density of the associated power is The above-mentioned formulae use SI units which are the most common among experimentalists, technicians, and engineers. In cgs-Gaussian units, which are somewhat more common among theoretical physicists as well as condensed matter experimentalists, one has instead where \"c\" is the speed of light. Although this equation looks slightly different, it is completely equivalent, since", "title": "Lorentz force" }, { "id": "5312688", "text": "Shear rate Shear rate is the rate at which a progressive shearing deformation is applied to some material. The shear rate for a fluid flowing between two parallel plates, one moving at a constant speed and the other one stationary (Couette flow), is defined by where: Or: For the simple shear case, it is just a gradient of velocity in a flowing material. The SI unit of measurement for shear rate is s, expressed as \"reciprocal seconds\" or \"inverse seconds\". The shear rate at the inner wall of a Newtonian fluid flowing within a pipe is where: The linear fluid", "title": "Shear rate" }, { "id": "11597207", "text": "the expression for formula_44 shown above. Chronologically ordered: Ampère's force law In magnetostatics, the force of attraction or repulsion between two current-carrying wires (see first figure below) is often called Ampère's force law. The physical origin of this force is that each wire generates a magnetic field, following the Biot–Savart law, and the other wire experiences a magnetic force as a consequence, following the Lorentz force law. The best-known and simplest example of Ampère's force law, which underlies the definition of the ampere, the SI unit of current, states that the force per unit length between two straight parallel conductors", "title": "Ampère's force law" }, { "id": "92183", "text": "abvolts, or 15 emu units of electric dipole moment, or 15 emu units of magnetic susceptibility, sometimes (but not always) per gram, or per mole. On the other hand, SI starts with a unit of current, the ampere, that is easier to determine through experiment, but which requires extra multiplicative factors in the electromagnetic equations. With its system of uniquely named units, the SI also removes any confusion in usage: 1.0 ampere is a fixed value of a specified quantity, and so are 1.0 henry, 1.0 ohm, and 1.0 volt. A key virtue of the Gaussian CGS system is that", "title": "Centimetre–gram–second system of units" }, { "id": "4834276", "text": "Flexural rigidity Flexural rigidity is defined as the force couple required to bend a non-rigid structure in one unit of curvature or it can be defined as the resistance offered by a structure while undergoing bending. In a beam or rod, flexural rigidity (defined as EI) varies along the length as a function of x shown in the following equation: where formula_2 is the Young's modulus (in Pa), formula_3 is the second moment of area (in m), formula_4 is the transverse displacement of the beam at x, and formula_5 is the bending moment at \"x\". Flexural rigidity has SI units", "title": "Flexural rigidity" }, { "id": "13515152", "text": "a thousand psi (1000 lbf/in). ksi are not widely used for gas pressures. They are mostly used in materials science, where the tensile strength of a material is measured as a large number of psi. The conversion in SI Units is 1 ksi = 6.895 MPa, or 1 MPa = 0.145 ksi. The megapound per square inch (Mpsi) is another multiple equal to a million psi. It is used in mechanics for the elastic modulus of materials, especially for metals. The conversion in SI Units is 1 Mpsi = 6.895 GPa, or 1 GPa = 0.145 Mpsi. The exact conversions", "title": "Pounds per square inch" }, { "id": "2513963", "text": "the package of the 15 watt compact fluorescent. The lumen is defined as amount of light given into one steradian by a point source of one candela strength; while the candela, a base SI unit, is defined as the luminous intensity of a source of monochromatic radiation, of frequency 540 terahertz, and a radiant intensity of 1/683 watts per steradian. (540 THz corresponds to about 555 nanometres, the wavelength, in the green, to which the human eye is most sensitive. The number 1/683 was chosen to make the candela about equal to the standard candle, the unit which it superseded).", "title": "Photometry (optics)" }, { "id": "361831", "text": "and derived units may be used to express other derived units. For example, the SI unit of force is the newton (N), the SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa)—and the pascal can be defined as one newton per square metre (N/m). Prefixes are added to unit names to produce multiples and sub-multiples of the original unit. All of these are integer powers of ten, and above a hundred or below a hundredth all are integer powers of a thousand. For example, \"kilo-\" denotes a multiple of a thousand and \"milli-\" denotes a multiple of a thousandth, so there", "title": "International System of Units" }, { "id": "4220691", "text": "include gravitational systems, the centimetre–gram–second systems (cgs) useful in science, the metre–tonne–second system (mts) once used in the USSR and the metre–kilogram–second system (mks). The current international standard metric system is the International System of Units (\"Système international d'unités\" or SI) It is an mks system based on the metre, kilogram and second as well as the kelvin, ampere, candela, and mole. The SI includes two classes of units which are defined and agreed internationally. The first of these classes includes the seven SI base units for length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, luminous intensity and amount of substance. The", "title": "System of measurement" }, { "id": "18709584", "text": "Molar attenuation coefficient The molar attenuation coefficient is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species attenuates light at a given wavelength. It is an intrinsic property of the species. The SI unit of molar attenuation coefficient is the square metre per mole (), but in practice, it is usually taken as the M⋅cm or the L⋅mol⋅cm. In older literature, the cm/mol is sometimes used with corresponding values 1,000 times larger. In practice these units are the same, with the difference being expression of volume in either cm or in L. The molar attenuation coefficient is also known as the", "title": "Molar attenuation coefficient" }, { "id": "800149", "text": "1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 metre per second squared. In 1948, the 9th CGPM Resolution 7 adopted the name \"newton\" for this force. The MKS system then became the blueprint for today's SI system of units. The newton thus became the standard unit of force in the (SI), or International System of Units. Newton's second law of motion states that , where is the force applied, is the mass of the object receiving the force, and is the acceleration of the object. The newton is therefore: where the following symbols are used for the units: N", "title": "Newton (unit)" }, { "id": "16893735", "text": "uniform source of one candela. Luminous intensity of any surface in a given direction per unit of projected area of the surface viewed from that direction. The amount of brightness, measured in lumens that is given off by a pixel or area on a screen. That portion of the NTSC color television signal which contains the luminance or brightness information. SI unit of illumination, equal to one lumen per square meter. Lux is a measurement in light intensity. A combination or array of electromechanical or electronic switches which route a number of signal sources to one or more destinations. Abbreviation", "title": "Glossary of video terms" }, { "id": "2061037", "text": "as the \"aquula\" (Latin, \"a little stream\", dim. of \"aqua\", \"water\") or \"crystalline lens\". The lens is part of the anterior segment of the human eye. In front of the lens is the iris, which regulates the amount of light entering into the eye. The lens is suspended in place by the suspensory ligament of the lens, a ring of fibrous tissue that attaches to the lens at its equator and connects it to the ciliary body. Posterior to the lens is the vitreous body, which, along with the aqueous humor on the anterior surface, bathes the lens. The lens", "title": "Lens (anatomy)" }, { "id": "3882454", "text": "are available). A 3 W LED is somewhat brighter than a halogen lamp but generally less well focused. HID lights put out large amounts of light and are often quoted in terms like 80 W halogen equivalent. The candela (cd) is the SI unit of luminous intensity, that is power per unit solid angle in a given direction, weighted according to the sensitivity of the human eye to various colours of light. A typical candle produces light with about 1 candela of luminous intensity in all directions. A lamp can produce higher luminous intensity either by producing more light, or", "title": "Bicycle lighting" }, { "id": "3343480", "text": "hole mobility is defined by the same equation. Both electron and hole mobilities are positive by definition. Usually, the electron drift velocity in a material is directly proportional to the electric field, which means that the electron mobility is a constant (independent of electric field). When this is not true (for example, in very large electric fields), the mobility depends on the electric field. The SI unit of velocity is m/s, and the SI unit of electric field is V/m. Therefore the SI unit of mobility is (m/s)/(V/m) = m/(V·s). However, mobility is much more commonly expressed in cm/(V·s) =", "title": "Electron mobility" }, { "id": "352110", "text": "Radian The radian (SI symbol rad) is the SI unit for measuring angles, and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics. The length of an arc of a unit circle is numerically equal to the measurement in radians of the angle that it subtends; one radian is just under 57.3 degrees (expansion at ). The unit was formerly an SI supplementary unit, but this category was abolished in 1995 and the radian is now considered an SI derived unit. Separately, the SI unit of solid angle measurement is the steradian. The radian is most", "title": "Radian" }, { "id": "103214", "text": "Day A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (\"solar day\"). In 1960, the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the Earth in year 1900, and was designated the SI base unit of time. The unit of measurement \"day\", was redefined as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized \"d\". In 1967, the second and so the day were redefined by atomic electron transition. A civil day is usually 86 400 seconds, plus or minus a possible leap second in Coordinated", "title": "Day" }, { "id": "20918252", "text": "passing from or to magnetic poles, or forming concentric circles round an electric current. By \"line of electric force\", I mean the force exerted in the lines joining two bodies, acting on each other according to the principles of static electric induction.\"Certain conventions are followed when drawing and interpreting electric field lines: The SI unit of the electric field is volt per meter (V/m), or equivalently, newton per coulomb (N/C). In mathematical expressions it is often represented as a vector-valued function formula_5. The electric field can be calculated in many ways, including Gauss' law, Coulomb's law, or Maxwell's equations. The", "title": "Introduction to electromagnetism" }, { "id": "2840953", "text": "and external fields is not part of this internal energy. The unit for magnetic moment in terms of the International System of Units (SI) base units is A⋅m, where A is the ampere (the SI unit of current) and m is the meter (the SI unit of distance). This has equivalents in other units used in SI including: where N is the newton (the SI unit of force), T is the tesla (the SI unit of magnetic flux density), and J is the joule (the SI unit of energy). In the CGS system, there are several different sets of electromagnetism", "title": "Magnetic moment" }, { "id": "1494123", "text": "the \"magnetic charge\" of a test particle, all defined analogously to the related quantities of electric charge and current; is the particle's velocity and is the speed of light. For all other definitions and details, see Maxwell's equations. For the equations in nondimensionalized form, remove the factors of . In SI units, there are two conflicting units in use for magnetic charge : webers (Wb) and ampere·meters (A·m). The conversion between them is , since the units are by dimensional analysis (H is the henry – the SI unit of inductance). Maxwell's equations then take the following forms (using the", "title": "Magnetic monopole" }, { "id": "4926065", "text": "per square metre (Wh/m) per unit time . The relation to the SI unit is thus: 1 kW/m = (24 h/day)× (1 kW/m) = (24 kWh/m)/day = (365 day/year)×(24 kWh/m)/day = (8760 kWh/m)/year. The distribution of solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere is determined by Earth's sphericity and orbital parameters. This applies to any unidirectional beam incident to a rotating sphere. Insolation is essential for numerical weather prediction and understanding seasons and climate change. Application to ice ages is known as Milankovitch cycles. Distribution is based on a fundamental identity from spherical trigonometry, the spherical law of cosines:", "title": "Solar irradiance" }, { "id": "7847035", "text": "Torsion constant The torsion constant is a geometrical property of a bar's cross-section which is involved in the relationship between angle of twist and applied torque along the axis of the bar, for a homogeneous linear-elastic bar. The torsion constant, together with material properties and length, describes a bar's torsional stiffness. The SI unit for torsion constant is m. In 1820, the French engineer A. Duleau derived analytically that the torsion constant of a beam is identical to the second moment of area normal to the section J, which has an exact analytic equation, by assuming that a plane section", "title": "Torsion constant" }, { "id": "5173619", "text": "Lumen second In photometry, the lumen second (lm s or lm⋅s) is the SI derived unit of luminous energy. It is based on the lumen, the SI unit of luminous flux, and the second, the SI base unit of time. The lumen second is sometimes called the talbot (symbol T). This name was coined in 1937 by the Committee on Colorimetry, Optical Society of America, in honor of the early photographer William Fox Talbot. The talbot is exactly equal to the lumen second: The use of the symbol T for talbots conflicts with T as the symbol for the tesla,", "title": "Lumen second" }, { "id": "4127473", "text": "Degree (angle) A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of a plane angle, defined so that a full rotation is 360 degrees. It is not an SI unit, as the SI unit of angular measure is the radian, but it is mentioned in the SI brochure as an accepted unit. Because a full rotation equals 2 radians, one degree is equivalent to radians. The original motivation for choosing the degree as a unit of rotations and angles is unknown. One theory states that it is", "title": "Degree (angle)" }, { "id": "7192172", "text": "in aerospace and other applications where weight savings are worth the higher material cost. Note that strength and stiffness are distinct. Both are important in design of efficient and safe structures. The data of this table is from best cases, and has been established for giving a rough figure. The International Space Elevator Consortium has proposed the \"Yuri\" as a name for the SI units describing specific strength. Specific strength is of fundamental importance in the description of space elevator cable materials. One Yuri is conceived to be the SI unit for yield stress (or breaking stress) per unit of", "title": "Specific strength" }, { "id": "6516804", "text": "and weight that such high-power lenses would otherwise require, all the power of the lens is concentrated in a small area in the center. In appearance, such a lens is often described as resembling a fried egg: a hemisphere atop a flat surface. The flat surface or \"carrier lens\" has little or no power and is there merely to fill up the rest of the eyeglass frame and to hold or \"carry\" the lenticular portion of the lens. This portion is typically 40 mm in diameter but may be smaller, as little as 20 mm, in sufficiently high powers. These", "title": "Lenticular lens" }, { "id": "7752422", "text": "\"x\" and \"y\" be the distances (coordinates) to each elemental area measured from a given \"x-y\" axis. Now, the first moment of area in the \"x\" and \"y\" directions are respectively given by: and The SI unit for first moment of area is a cubic metre (m). In the American Engineering and Gravitational systems the unit is a cubic foot (ft) or more commonly inch. The static or statical moment of area, usually denoted by the symbol \"Q\", is a property of a shape that is used to predict its resistance to shear stress. By definition: where The equation for", "title": "First moment of area" }, { "id": "187930", "text": "The dimension of the unit hertz is 1/time (1/T). Expressed in base SI units it is 1/second (1/s). In English, \"hertz\" is also used as the plural form. As an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed; commonly used multiples are kHz (kilohertz, 10 Hz), MHz (megahertz, 10 Hz), GHz (gigahertz, 10 Hz) and THz (terahertz, 10 Hz). One hertz simply means \"one cycle per second\" (typically that which is being counted is a complete cycle); 100 Hz means \"one hundred cycles per second\", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be", "title": "Hertz" }, { "id": "1365951", "text": "Lux The lux (symbol: lx) is the SI derived unit of illuminance and luminous emittance, measuring luminous flux per unit area. It is equal to one lumen per square metre. In photometry, this is used as a measure of the intensity, as perceived by the human eye, of light that hits or passes through a surface. It is analogous to the radiometric unit watt per square metre, but with the power at each wavelength weighted according to the luminosity function, a standardized model of human visual brightness perception. In English, \"lux\" is used as both the singular and plural form.", "title": "Lux" }, { "id": "2061057", "text": "is maintained by the Na/K-ATPase] pumps located in the equatorially positioned cells of the lens epithelium. Glucose is the primary energy source for the lens. As mature lens fibers do not have mitochondria, approximately 80% of the glucose is metabolized via anaerobic metabolism. The remaining fraction of glucose is shunted primarily down the pentose phosphate pathway. The lack of aerobic respiration means that the lens consumes very little oxygen as well. Lens (anatomy) The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The lens,", "title": "Lens (anatomy)" }, { "id": "352124", "text": "(μrad) and nanoradians (nrad) are used in astronomy, and can also be used to measure the beam quality of lasers with ultra-low divergence. More common is arc second, which is rad (around 4.8481 microradians). Similarly, the prefixes smaller than milli- are potentially useful in measuring extremely small angles. Radian The radian (SI symbol rad) is the SI unit for measuring angles, and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics. The length of an arc of a unit circle is numerically equal to the measurement in radians of the angle that it subtends; one radian", "title": "Radian" }, { "id": "318456", "text": "Pressure is distributed to solid boundaries or across arbitrary sections of fluid \"normal to\" these boundaries or sections at every point. It is a fundamental parameter in thermodynamics, and it is conjugate to volume. The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa), equal to one newton per square metre (N/m, or kg·m·s). This name for the unit was added in 1971; before that, pressure in SI was expressed simply in newtons per square metre. Other units of pressure, such as pounds per square inch and bar, are also in common use. The CGS unit of pressure is the barye", "title": "Pressure" }, { "id": "318452", "text": "Pressure Pressure (symbol: \"p\" or \"P\") is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled \"gage\" pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure. Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre; similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may", "title": "Pressure" }, { "id": "12567262", "text": "Inertance Inertance is a measure of the pressure difference in a fluid required to cause a unit change in the rate of change of volumetric flow-rate with time. The base SI units of inertance are kg m or Pa m s and the usual symbol is I. The inertance of a tube is given by: where The pressure difference is related to the change in flow-rate by the equation: where This equation assumes constant density, that the acceleration is uniform, and that the flow is fully developed \"plug flow\". This precludes sharp bends, water hammer, and so on. To some,", "title": "Inertance" }, { "id": "1064405", "text": "effects of surface tension can be seen with ordinary water: Surface tension is visible in other common phenomena, especially when surfactants are used to decrease it: Surface tension, represented by the symbol \"γ\" (alternatively \"σ\" or \"T\"), is measured in force per unit length. Its SI unit is newton per meter but the cgs unit of dyne per centimeter is also used. For example, Surface tension can be defined in terms of force or energy. In terms of force: surface tension of a liquid is the force per unit length. In the illustration on the right, the rectangular frame, composed", "title": "Surface tension" }, { "id": "862960", "text": "of the lens medium. The quantity is also known as the optical power of the lens. The corresponding front focal distance is: and the back focal distance: In the sign convention used here, the value of \"R\" will be positive if the first lens surface is convex, and negative if it is concave. The value of \"R\" is negative if the second surface is convex, and positive if concave. Note that sign conventions vary between different authors, which results in different forms of these equations depending on the convention used. For a spherically curved mirror in air, the magnitude of", "title": "Focal length" }, { "id": "1959499", "text": "(UTS) of AISI 1018 Steel is 440 MN/m. In general, the SI unit of stress is the pascal, where 1 Pa = 1 N/m. In Imperial units, the unit of stress is given as lbf/in² or pounds-force per square inch. This unit is often abbreviated as psi. One thousand psi is abbreviated ksi. A factor of safety is a design criteria that an engineered component or structure must achieve. formula_3, where FS: the factor of safety, R: The applied stress, and UTS: ultimate stress (psi or N/m) Margin of Safety is also sometimes used to as design criteria. It is", "title": "Strength of materials" }, { "id": "8317103", "text": "Solid immersion lens A solid immersion lens (SIL) has higher magnification and higher numerical aperture than common lenses by filling the object space with a high-refractive-index solid material. SIL was originally developed for enhancing the spatial resolution of optical microscopy. There are two types of SIL: All optical microscopes are diffraction-limited because of the wave nature of light. Current research focuses on techniques to go beyond this limit known as the Rayleigh criterion. The use of SIL can achieve spatial resolution better than the diffraction limit in air, for both far-field imaging and near-field imaging. Because SIL provides high spatial", "title": "Solid immersion lens" }, { "id": "219889", "text": "expended when a force of one newton acts through one metre. Next to be affected is the SI unit of power, the watt, which is one joule per second. The ampere too is defined relative to the newton. With the magnitude of the primary units of electricity thus determined by the kilogram, so too follow many others, namely the coulomb, volt, tesla, and weber. Even units used in the measure of light would be affected; the candela—following the change in the would in turn affect the lumen andlux. Because the magnitude of many of the units comprising the SI system", "title": "Kilogram" }, { "id": "2061036", "text": "Lens (anatomy) The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The lens, by changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a sharp real image of the object of interest to be formed on the retina. This adjustment of the lens is known as accommodation (see also ). Accommodation is similar to the focusing of a photographic camera via movement of its lenses. The lens is also known", "title": "Lens (anatomy)" }, { "id": "15508918", "text": "is a very important concept in the oil and gas industry. Pressure can be defined as: the force exerted per unit area. Its SI unit is newtons per square metre or pascals. Another unit, bar, is also widely used as a measure of pressure, with 1 bar equal to 100 kilopascals. Normally pressure is measured in the U.S. petroleum industry in units of pounds force per square inch of area, or psi. 1000 psi equals 6894.76 kilo-pascals. Hydrostatic pressure (HSP), as stated, is defined as pressure due to a column of fluid that is not moving. That is, a column", "title": "Oil well control" }, { "id": "243123", "text": "meaning that it would neither converge nor diverge light. All real lenses have nonzero thickness, however, which makes a real lens with identical curved surfaces slightly positive. To obtain exactly zero optical power, a meniscus lens must have slightly unequal curvatures to account for the effect of the lens' thickness. The focal length of a lens \"in air\" can be calculated from the lensmaker's equation: where The focal length \"f\" is positive for converging lenses, and negative for diverging lenses. The reciprocal of the focal length, 1/\"f\", is the optical power of the lens. If the focal length is in", "title": "Lens (optics)" }, { "id": "4476789", "text": "of the ring of ciliary muscle (causing constriction of the pupil and accommodation). The zonule fibers relax and the lens becomes more spherical, increasing its power to refract light for near vision. The parasympathetic tone is dominant when a higher degree of accommodation of the lens is required, such as reading a book. The ciliary fibers have circular (Ivanoff), longitudinal (meridional) and radial orientations. According to Hermann von Helmholtz's theory, the circular ciliary muscle fibers affect zonular fibers in the eye (fibers that suspend the lens in position during accommodation), enabling changes in lens shape for light focusing. When the", "title": "Ciliary muscle" }, { "id": "10797103", "text": "is the index of refraction of the lens material. The smallest radius of curvature, \"r\", corresponds to the greatest refractive power, \"s\", given by Since , . The lens behaves approximately like a combination of a spherical lens with optical power \"s\" and a cylindrical lens with power . In ophthalmology and optometry, is called the \"cylinder power\" of the lens. Note that both the greatest and the smallest curvature have a \"circular\" shape. Consequently, in contrast with a popular assumption, the toric lens is \"not\" an ellipsoid of revolution. Light rays within the (\"x\",\"y\")-plane of the torus (as defined", "title": "Toric lens" }, { "id": "2025312", "text": "y – shunt admittance per unit length l – length of line C – capacitance of line Admittance In electrical engineering, admittance is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to flow. It is defined as the reciprocal of impedance. The SI unit of admittance is the siemens (symbol S); the older, synonymous unit is mho, and its symbol is ℧ (an upside-down uppercase omega Ω). Oliver Heaviside coined the term \"admittance\" in December 1887. Admittance is defined as where Resistance is a measure of the opposition of a circuit to the flow of", "title": "Admittance" }, { "id": "944239", "text": "Dioptre A dioptre (British spelling) or diopter (American spelling) is a unit of measurement of the optical power of a lens or curved mirror, which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in metres. (1 dioptre = 1 m.) It is thus a unit of reciprocal length. For example, a 3-dioptre lens brings parallel rays of light to focus at metre. A flat window has an optical power of zero dioptres, and does not cause light to converge or diverge. Dioptres are also sometimes used for other reciprocals of distance, particularly radii of curvature and the vergence", "title": "Dioptre" }, { "id": "2910", "text": "equal to newtons per metre of length. Ampère's force law states that there is an attractive or repulsive force between two parallel wires carrying an electric current. This force is used in the formal definition of the ampere. The SI unit of charge, the coulomb, \"is the quantity of electricity carried in 1 second by a current of 1 ampere\". Conversely, a current of one ampere is one coulomb of charge going past a given point per second: In general, charge \"Q\" is determined by steady current \"I\" flowing for a time \"t\" as . Constant, instantaneous and average current", "title": "Ampere" }, { "id": "2061040", "text": "the tension of the zonular fibers (also called suspensory ligaments), which connect the lens capsule to the ciliary body. The capsule varies from 2 to 28 micrometres in thickness, being thickest near the equator and thinnest near the posterior pole. The lens epithelium, located in the anterior portion of the lens between the lens capsule and the lens fibers, is a simple cuboidal epithelium. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na/K-ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions", "title": "Lens (anatomy)" }, { "id": "1933371", "text": "types of material parameter. The first type of material parameter is called a \"modulus\", which measures the amount of force per unit area needed to achieve a given amount of deformation. The SI unit of modulus is the pascal (Pa). A higher modulus typically indicates that the material is harder to deform. The second type of parameter measures the \"elastic limit\", the maximum stress that can arise in a material before the onset of permanent deformation. Its SI unit is also pascal (Pa). When describing the relative elasticities of two materials, both the modulus and the elastic limit have to", "title": "Elasticity (physics)" }, { "id": "5150358", "text": "Foot-lambert A foot-lambert or footlambert (fL, sometimes fl or ft-L) is a unit of luminance in United States customary units and some other unit systems. A foot-lambert equals 1/π candela per square foot, or 3.426 candela per square meter (the corresponding SI unit). The foot-lambert is named after Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777), a Swiss-German mathematician, physicist and astronomer. It is rarely used by electrical and lighting engineers, in favor of the candela per square foot or candela per square meter. The luminance of a perfect Lambertian diffuse reflecting surface in foot-lamberts is equal to the incident illuminance in foot-candles. For", "title": "Foot-lambert" }, { "id": "542898", "text": "bulb. The luminous intensity of a typical candle is approximately one candela. The SI unit, candela, was in fact based on an older unit called the \"candlepower\", which represented the luminous intensity emitted by a candle made to particular specifications (a \"standard candle\"). The modern unit is defined in a more precise and repeatable way, but was chosen such that a candle's luminous intensity is still about one candela. The hottest part of a candle flame is just above the very dull blue part to one side of the flame, at the base. At this point, the flame is about", "title": "Candle" }, { "id": "2727076", "text": "Sound intensity Sound intensity level also known as acoustic intensity is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area. The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity. Sound intensity is not the same physical quantity as sound pressure. Hearing is directly sensitive to sound pressure which is related to sound intensity. In consumer audio electronics, the level differences are called \"intensity\"", "title": "Sound intensity" }, { "id": "180954", "text": "motors and other machinery. The definition of the unit varied among geographical regions. Most countries now use the SI unit \"watt\" for measurement of power. With the implementation of the EU Directive 80/181/EEC on January 1, 2010, the use of horsepower in the EU is permitted only as a supplementary unit. The development of the steam engine provided a reason to compare the output of horses with that of the engines that could replace them. In 1702, Thomas Savery wrote in \"The Miner's Friend\": So that an engine which will raise as much water as two horses, working together at", "title": "Horsepower" }, { "id": "238061", "text": "light with wavelength weighted with respect to a standardised model of human brightness perception. Photometry is useful, for example, to quantify Illumination (lighting) intended for human use. The SI units for both systems are summarised in the following tables. The photometry units are different from most systems of physical units in that they take into account how the human eye responds to light. The cone cells in the human eye are of three types which respond differently across the visible spectrum, and the cumulative response peaks at a wavelength of around 555 nm. Therefore, two sources of light which produce", "title": "Light" }, { "id": "329346", "text": "velocity of its output shaft. The power involved in moving a vehicle is the product of the traction force of the wheels and the velocity of the vehicle. The rate at which a light bulb converts electrical energy into light and heat is measured in watts—the higher the wattage, the more power, or equivalently the more electrical energy is used per unit time. The dimension of power is energy divided by time. The SI unit of power is the watt (W), which is equal to one joule per second. Other units of power include ergs per second (erg/s), horsepower (hp),", "title": "Power (physics)" }, { "id": "4075584", "text": "Lumen (unit) The lumen (symbol: lm) is the SI derived unit of luminous flux, a measure of the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source. Luminous flux differs from power (\"radiant flux\") in that radiant flux includes all electromagnetic waves emitted, while luminous flux is weighted according to a model (a \"luminosity function\") of the human eye's sensitivity to various wavelengths. Lumens are related to lux in that one lux is one lumen per square meter. The lumen is defined in relation to the candela as A full sphere has a solid angle of 4π steradians, so a", "title": "Lumen (unit)" }, { "id": "2879292", "text": "Irradiance In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux (power) \"received\" by a \"surface\" per unit area. The SI unit of irradiance is the watt per square metre (). The CGS unit erg per square centimetre per second () is often used in astronomy. Irradiance is often called intensity because it has the same physical dimensions, but this term is avoided in radiometry where such usage leads to confusion with radiant intensity. Spectral irradiance is the irradiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The", "title": "Irradiance" }, { "id": "248946", "text": "microlitre is sometimes abbreviated as mcL on test results. In the SI system, use of prefixes for powers of 1,000 is preferred and all other multiples discouraged. However, in countries where the metric system was established well before the adoption of the SI standard other multiples were already established, their use remains common. In particular, use of the centi (10), deci (10), deca (10) and hecto (10) prefixes are still common. For example, in many European countries, the hectolitre is the typical unit for production and export volumes of beverages (milk, beer, soft drinks, wine, etc.) and for measuring the", "title": "Litre" }, { "id": "252316", "text": "the 1960s, the International System of Units (SI) is the internationally recognised metric system. Metric units of mass, length, and electricity are widely used around the world for both everyday and scientific purposes. The metric system features a single base unit for many physical quantities. Other quantities are derived from the standard SI units. Multiples and fractions are expressed as powers of 10 of each unit. When smaller or larger units are more convenient for given use, metric prefixes can be added to the base unit to denote its multiple by a power of ten: a thousandth (10) of a", "title": "Measurement" }, { "id": "870028", "text": "Henry (unit) The henry (symbol: H) is the SI derived unit of electrical inductance. If a current of 1 ampere flowing through the coil produces flux linkage of 1 weber turn, the coil has a self inductance of 1 henry.‌ The unit is named after Joseph Henry (1797–1878), the American scientist who discovered electromagnetic induction independently of and at about the same time as Michael Faraday (1791–1867) in England. The inductance of an electric circuit is one henry when an electric current that is changing at one ampere per second results in an electromotive force of one volt across the", "title": "Henry (unit)" }, { "id": "6609578", "text": "For two or more thin lenses close together, the optical power of the combined lenses is approximately equal to the sum of the optical powers of each lens: \"P\" = \"P\" + \"P\". Similarly, the optical power of a single lens is roughly equal to the sum of the powers of each surface. These approximations are commonly used in optometry. An eye that has too much or too little refractive power to focus light onto the retina has a refractive error. A myopic eye has too much power so light is focused in front of the retina. Conversely, a hyperopic", "title": "Optical power" }, { "id": "412048", "text": "and the force vector. The magnitude of torque of a rigid body depends on three quantities: the force applied, the \"lever arm vector\" connecting the origin to the point of force application, and the angle between the force and lever arm vectors. In symbols: where The SI unit for torque is N⋅m. For more on the units of torque, see Units. The term \"torque\" was introduced into English scientific literature by James Thomson, the brother of Lord Kelvin, in 1884. However, torque is referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study. This article refers to", "title": "Torque" }, { "id": "15937982", "text": "distribution in a beam cross-section (with a dark vortex core at the center). As an example, any Laguerre-Gaussian mode with rotational mode number formula_13 has such a helical wavefront. The classical expression of the orbital angular momentum in the paraxial limit is the following: where formula_15 and formula_16 are the electric field and the vector potential, respectively, formula_17 is the vacuum permittivity and we are using SI units. The formula_18-superscripted symbols denote the cartesian components of the corresponding vectors. For a monochromatic wave this expression can be transformed into the following one: This expression is generally nonvanishing when the wave", "title": "Orbital angular momentum of light" }, { "id": "103235", "text": "daytime may extend beyond one 24 hour period and could even extend to months Day A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (\"solar day\"). In 1960, the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the Earth in year 1900, and was designated the SI base unit of time. The unit of measurement \"day\", was redefined as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized \"d\". In 1967, the second and so the day were redefined by atomic electron transition. A civil day", "title": "Day" }, { "id": "143933", "text": "German physicist Heinrich Hertz. One hertz means that an event repeats once per second. If a TV has a refresh rate of 1 hertz the TV's screen will change (or refresh) its picture once a second. A previous name for this unit was cycles per second (cps). The SI unit for period is the second. A traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. 60 rpm equals one hertz. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, tend to be described by wave period rather", "title": "Frequency" }, { "id": "370595", "text": "referenced to the values of the fundamental constants, namely the Planck constant (\"h\"), the electron charge (\"e\"), the Boltzmann constant (\"k\"), and the Avogadro constant (\"N\"). This approach was approved in 2018, only after measurements of these constants were achieved with sufficient accuracy. SI base unit The International System of Units (SI) defines seven units of measure as a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived. The SI base units and their physical quantities are the meter for measurement of length, the kilogram for mass, the second for time, the ampere for electric current, the kelvin", "title": "SI base unit" }, { "id": "7192170", "text": "Specific strength The specific strength is a material's strength (force per unit area at failure) divided by its density. It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength. The SI unit for specific strength is Pa m/kg, or N·m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m/s, though the latter form is rarely used. Another way to describe specific strength is breaking length, also known as self support length: the maximum length of a vertical column of the material (assuming a fixed cross-section) that could suspend its", "title": "Specific strength" }, { "id": "16386073", "text": "given torque demand: The SI units for the torque constant are newton-metres per ampere (N·m/A). Since N·m = J, and A = C/s, then N·m/A = J·s/C = V·s (same units as back EMF constant). The relationship between K and K is not intuitive, to the point that many people simply assert that torque and K are not related at all. An analogy with an hypothetical linear motor can help to convince that it is true. Suppose that a linear motor has a K of 2 m/s per volt, that is, the linear actuator generates one volt of back-EMF when", "title": "Motor constants" }, { "id": "2476163", "text": "Volumetric flow rate In physics and engineering, in particular fluid dynamics and hydrometry, the volumetric flow rate (also known as volume flow rate, rate of fluid flow or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time; usually represented by the symbol (sometimes ). The SI unit is m/s (cubic metres per second). Another unit used is sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute). In US customary units and imperial units, volumetric flow rate is often expressed as ft/s (cubic feet per second) or gallons per minute (either US or imperial definitions). Volumetric flow rate should not be", "title": "Volumetric flow rate" }, { "id": "7847038", "text": "thin walled open tube of uniform thickness. Torsion constant The torsion constant is a geometrical property of a bar's cross-section which is involved in the relationship between angle of twist and applied torque along the axis of the bar, for a homogeneous linear-elastic bar. The torsion constant, together with material properties and length, describes a bar's torsional stiffness. The SI unit for torsion constant is m. In 1820, the French engineer A. Duleau derived analytically that the torsion constant of a beam is identical to the second moment of area normal to the section J, which has an exact analytic", "title": "Torsion constant" }, { "id": "2824750", "text": "Radiance In radiometry, radiance is the radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received by a given surface, per unit solid angle per unit projected area. Spectral radiance is the radiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. These are \"directional\" quantities. The SI unit of radiance is the watt per steradian per square metre (), while that of spectral radiance in frequency is the watt per steradian per square metre per hertz () and that of spectral radiance in wavelength is the watt per", "title": "Radiance" }, { "id": "807795", "text": "Square metre The square metre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or square meter (American spelling) is the SI derived unit of area, with symbol m. Adding and subtracting SI prefixes creates multiples and submultiples; however, as the unit is exponentiated, the quantities grow geometrically by the corresponding power of 10. For example, a kilometre is 10 (a thousand) times the length of a metre, but a square kilometre is 10 (10, a million) times the area of a square metre, and a cubic kilometre is 10 (10, a billion) cubic metres. The square", "title": "Square metre" }, { "id": "3306818", "text": "Metre per second squared The metre per second squared is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units (SI). As a derived unit, it is composed from the SI base units of length, the metre, and time, the second. Its symbol is written in several forms as m/s, m·s or m s, or less commonly, as m/s/s. As acceleration, the unit is interpreted physically as change in velocity or speed per time interval, i.e. metre per second per second and is treated as a vector quantity. An object experiences a constant acceleration of one metre per second squared", "title": "Metre per second squared" }, { "id": "944246", "text": "power\" \"V\" of a simple magnifying glass is related to its optical power \"φ\" by This is approximately the magnification observed when a person with normal vision holds the magnifying glass close to his or her eye. Dioptre A dioptre (British spelling) or diopter (American spelling) is a unit of measurement of the optical power of a lens or curved mirror, which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in metres. (1 dioptre = 1 m.) It is thus a unit of reciprocal length. For example, a 3-dioptre lens brings parallel rays of light to focus at", "title": "Dioptre" } ]